## 377 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

11. ‘‘Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,’’ Volumes I and II; Frank P. Lees, Butterworth; London 1983.

12. ‘‘Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines,’’ 1989; U.S. Department ofLabor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

13. ‘‘Safety and Health Guide for the Chemical Industry,’’ 1986, (OSHA 3091); U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety andHealth Administration; 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210.

14. ‘‘Review of Emergency Systems,’’ June 1988; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC 20460.

15. ‘‘Technical Guidance for Hazards Analysis, Emergency Planning for Extremely Hazardous Substances,’’ December 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) and U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Washington, DC 20460.

16. ‘‘Accident Investigation * * * A New Approach,’’ 1983, National Safety Council; 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611–
3991.

17. ‘‘Fire & Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide,’’ 6th Edition, May 1987, Dow Chemical Company; Midland, Michigan 48674.

18. ‘‘Chemical Exposure Index,’’ May 1988, Dow Chemical Company; Midland, Michigan
48674.

[57 FR 6403, Feb. 24, 1992; 57 FR 7847, Mar. 4, 1992, as amended at 61 FR 9238, Mar. 7, 1996; 67 FR 67964, Nov. 7, 2002; 76 FR 80738, Dec. 27, 2011; 77 FR 17776, Mar. 26, 2012; 78 FR 9313, Feb. 8, 2013]



### § 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.

(a) Scope, application, and definitions
— (1) Scope. This section covers the following operations, unless the employer can demonstrate that the operation does not involve employee exposure or the reasonable possibility for employee exposure to safety or health hazards:

(i) Clean-up operations required by a governmental body, whether Federal,state, local or other involving hazardous substances that are conducted
at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (including, but not limited to, the EPA’s National Priority Site List (NPL), state priority site lists, sites recommended for the EPA NPL, and initial investigations of government
identified sites which are conducted before the presence or absence of hazardous substances has been ascertained); (ii) Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended (42
U.S.C. 6901 et seq. );

(iii) Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized by Federal, state, localor other governmental bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;

(iv) Operations involving hazardous
wastes that are conducted at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities regulated by 40 CFR parts 264and 265 pursuant to RCRA; or by agencies under agreement with U.S.E.P.A. to implement RCRA regulations; and

(v) Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats ofreleases of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard.

(2) Application. (i) All requirements of part 1910 and part 1926 of title 29 of theCode of Federal Regulations apply pursuant to their terms to hazardouswaste and emergency response operations whether covered by this section or not. If there is a conflict or overlap,the provision more protective of employee safety and health shall apply without regard to 29 CFR 1910.5(c)(1).

(ii) Hazardous substance clean-up operations within the scope of paragraphs(a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iii) of this section must comply with all paragraphs of this section except paragraphs (p) and (q).

(iii) Operations within the scope of paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this sectionmust comply only with the requirements of paragraph (p) of this section.

N OTES AND E XCEPTIONS : (A) All provisions of paragraph (p) of this section cover anytreatment, storage or disposal (TSD) operation regulated by 40 CFR parts 264 and 265 or by state law authorized under RCRA, and required to have a permit or interim status from EPA pursuant to 40 CFR 270.1 or from a state agency pursuant to RCRA.

(B) Employers who are not required to have a permit or interim status because they are conditionally exempt small quantitygenerators under 40 CFR 261.5 or are generators who qualify under 40 CFR 262.34 for exemptions from regulation under 40 CFR parts 264, 265 and 270 (‘‘excepted employers’’) are not covered by paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(7) of this section. Excepted employers who are required by the EPA or state agency


## 378 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

to have their employees engage in emergency response or who direct their employees to engage in emergency response are covered by paragraph (p)(8) of this section, andcannot be exempted by (p)(8)(i) of this section. Excepted employers who are not required to have employees engage in emergency response, who direct their employees to evacuate in the case of such emergencies and who meet the requirements of paragraph (p)(8)(i) of this section are exempt from the balance of paragraph (p)(8) of this section.

(C) If an area is used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations in that area shall comply with paragraph (p)(8) of this section. In otherareas not used primarily for treatment, storage, or disposal, any emergency response operations shall comply with paragraph (q) ofthis section. Compliance with the requirements of paragraph (q) of this section shallbe deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section.



### (iv) Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances which are not covered by paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section must only comply with the requirements of paragraph (q) of this section.

(3) Definitions—Buddy system means a system of organizing employees into work groups in such a manner that each employee of the work group is designated to be observed by at least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to provide rapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.

Clean-up operation means an operation where hazardous substances areremoved, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making thesite safer for people or the environment.

Decontamination means the removalof hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of
foreseeable adverse health affects.

Emergency response or responding to emergencies means a response effort by employees from outside the immediaterelease area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual-aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in
an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances wherethe substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at thetime of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within thescope of this standard. Responses to releases of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be

emergency responses.

Facility means (A) any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly owned treatmentworks), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, storage container,motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft, or (B) any site or area where ahazardous substance has been deposited, stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any consumer product inconsumer use or any water-borne vessel.

Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT) team means an organized group of employees, designated by the employer, who are expected to perform
work to handle and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardoussubstances requiring possible close approach to the substance. The team members perform responses to releasesor potential releases of hazardous substances for the purpose of control or
stabilization of the incident. A HAZMAT team is not a fire brigade nor is a typical fire brigade a HAZMAT team. A HAZMAT team, however, maybe a separate component of a fire brigade or fire department.

Hazardous substance means any substance designated or listed under paragraphs (A) through (D) of this definition, exposure to which results or may
result in adverse affects on the health or safety of employees:

(A) Any substance defined under section 103(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S.C. 9601).

(B) Any biological agent and otherdisease-causing agent which after release into the environment and upon


## 379 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through foodchains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions(including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring;

(C) Any substance listed by the U.S.Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under 49 CFR 172.101 and appendices; and

(D) Hazardous waste as herein defined.

Hazardous waste means— (A) A waste or combination of wastes as defined in 40 CFR 261.3, or

(B) Those substances defined as hazardous wastes in 49 CFR 171.8.

Hazardous waste operation means any operation conducted within the scope
of this standard.

Hazardous waste site or Site means any facility or location within thescope of this standard at which hazardous waste operations take place.

Health hazard means a chemical or a pathogen where acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. The term
health hazard includes chemicals that
are classified in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard, 29CFR 1910.1200, as posing one of the following hazardous effects: Acute toxicity (any route of exposure); skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation; respiratory orskin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; specific target organ toxicity(single or repeated exposure); aspiration toxicity or simple asphyxiant. ( SeeAppendix A to §1910.1200—Health Hazard Criteria (Mandatory) for the criteria for determining whether a chemical is classified as a health hazard.)

IDLH or Immediately dangerous to life
or health means an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive orasphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health
effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

Oxygen deficiency means that concentration of oxygen by volume belowwhich atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided.It exists in atmospheres where the percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.

Permissible exposure limit means theexposure, inhalation or dermal permissible exposure limit specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subparts G and Z.

Published exposure level means the exposure limits published in ‘‘NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards’’ dated 1986, which is incorporated by reference as specifiedin §1910.6 or if none is specified, the exposure limits published in the standards specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in their publication ‘‘Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1987–88’’ dated 1987, which is incorporated by reference as specified in §1910.6.

Post emergency response means thatportion of an emergency response performed after the immediate threat of a
release has been stabilized or eliminated and clean-up of the site has begun. If post emergency response isperformed by an employer’s own employees who were part of the initial emergency response, it is considered to be part of the initial response and not post emergency response. However, if a group of an employer’s own employees,separate from the group providing initial response, performs the clean-up operation, then the separate group of employees would be considered to be performing post-emergency response andsubject to paragraph (q)(11) of this section.

Qualified person means a person withspecific training, knowledge and experience in the area for which the personhas the responsibility and the authority to control.

Site safety and health supervisor (or official) means the individual located ona hazardous waste site who is responsible to the employer and has the authority and knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and healthplan and verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.


## 380 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

Small quantity qenerator means a generator of hazardous wastes who in any calendar month generates no more than 1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds) of
hazardous waste in that month.

Uncontrolled hazardous waste site,
means an area identified as an uncontrolled hazardous waste site by a governmental body, whether Federal,state, local or other where an accumulation of hazardous substances createsa threat to the health and safety of individuals or the environment or both. Some sites are found on public landssuch as those created by former municipal, county or state landfills where illegal or poorly managed waste disposal has taken place. Other sites are found on private property, often belonging togenerators or former generators of hazardous substance wastes. Examples of such sites include, but are not limited to, surface impoundments, landfills,dumps, and tank or drum farms. Normal operations at TSD sites are not covered by this definition.

(b) Safety and health program.

N OTE TO (b): Safety and health programs developed and implemented to meet otherFederal, state, or local regulations are considered acceptable in meeting this requirement if they cover or are modified to coverthe topics required in this paragraph. An additional or separate safety and health program is not required by this paragraph.



### (1) General. (i) Employers shall develop and implement a written safetyand health program for their employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program shall be designedto identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.

(ii) The written safety and healthprogram shall incorporate the following:

(A) An organizational structure; (B) A comprehensive workplan; (C) A site-specific safety and healthplan which need not repeat the employer’s standard operating procedures required in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(F) of this section;

(D) The safety and health training

program;

(E) The medical surveillance program; (F) The employer’s standard operating procedures for safety and health;
and

(G) Any necessary interface betweengeneral program and site specific activities.

(iii) Site excavation. Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous waste operations shall be shored or sloped as appropriateto prevent accidental collapse in accordance with subpart P of 29 CFR part
1926.

(iv) Contractors and sub-contractors. An employer who retains contractor or
sub-contractor services for work inhazardous waste operations shall inform those contractors, sub-contractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that havebeen identified by the employer, including those identified in the employer’s information program.

(v) Program availability. The written safety and health program shall be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative
who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees;to employee designated representatives; to OSHA personnel, and to personnel of other Federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority
over the site.

(2) Organizational structure part of the site program —(i) The organizationa1structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include, at a minimum, the following
elements:

(A) A general supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to direct all hazardous waste operations.

(B) A site safety and health supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to develop and implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance.

(C) All other personnel needed for hazardous waste site operations and emergency response and their general functions and responsibilities.

(D) The lines of authority, responsibility, and communication.


## 381 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(ii) The organizational structureshall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.

(3) Comprehensive workplan part of the site program. The comprehensiveworkplan part of the program shall address the tasks and objectives of thesite operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives.

(i) The comprehensive workplan shall address anticipated clean-up activities as well as normal operating procedures which need not repeat the employer’s procedures available elsewhere.

(ii) The comprehensive workplan shall define work tasks and objectivesand identify the methods for accomplishing those tasks and objectives.

(iii) The comprehensive workplan shall establish personnel requirements for implementing the plan.

(iv) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the training required in paragraph (e)
of this section.

(v) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the required informational programsrequired in paragraph (i) of this section.

(vi) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation ofthe medical surveillance program described in paragraph (f) of this section.

(4) Site-specific safety and health plan part of the program —(i) General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation and include the requirementsand procedures for employee protection.

(ii) Elements. The site safety andhealth plan, as a minimum, shall address the following:

(A) A safety and health risk or hazard analysis for each site task and operation found in the workplan.

(B) Employee training assignments to assure compliance with paragraph (e) of this section.

(C) Personal protective equipment to be used by employees for each of thesite tasks and operations being conducted as required by the personal protective equipment program in paragraph (g)(5) of this section. (D) Medical surveillance requirements in accordance with the program in paragraph (f) of this section.

(E) Frequency and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, and environmental sampling techniques and instrumentation to be used, including
methods of maintenance and calibration of monitoring and sampling equipment to be used.

(F) Site control measures in accordance with the site control program required in paragraph (d) of this section.

(G) Decontamination procedures in accordance with paragraph (k) of this
section.

(H) An emergency response plan meeting the requirements of paragraph (l) of this section for safe and effective responses to emergencies, includingthe necessary PPE and other equipment.

(I) Confined space entry procedures. (J) A spill containment program meeting the requirements of paragraph (j) of this section.

(iii) Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan shall provide for pre-entry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan andthat this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from sitecharacterization and analysis work required in paragraph (c) of this section shall be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.

(iv) Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safetyand health, acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety andhealth plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan shall be corrected by the employer.

(c) Site characterization and analysis
— (1) General. Hazardous waste sites shall
be evaluated in accordance with thisparagraph to identify specific site hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and health control procedures


## 382 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

needed to protect employees from the
identified hazards.

(2) Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site’s characteristics shall be performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order toaid in the selection of appropriate employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site’s specific characteristics shall be performed by a qualified person in order to further identify existing site
hazards and to further aid in the selection of the appropriate engineeringcontrols and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be performed.

(3) Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation orskin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, shall beidentified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailedsurvey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vaporclouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.

(4) Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a
site:

(i) Location and approximate size of
the site.

(ii) Description of the response activity and/or the job task to be performed.

(iii) Duration of the planned employee activity.

(iv) Site topography and accessibility by air and roads.

(v) Safety and health hazards expected at the site.

(vi) Pathways for hazardous substance dispersion.

(vii) Present status and capabilities of emergency response teams that would provide assistance to hazardous waste clean-up site employees at the time of an emergency.

(viii) Hazardous substances and health hazards involved or expected atthe site, and their chemical and physical properties. (5) Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:

(i) Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble
of PPE shall be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection to a level of exposure belowpermissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards, and which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there isno permissible exposure limit or published exposure level, the employermay use other published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective equipment.

(ii) If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as partof the entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape self-contained breathing apparatus of
at least five minute’s duration shall be carried by employees during initial site entry.

(iii) If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site, an ensemble providing protection equivalent toLevel B PPE shall be provided as minimum protection, and direct readinginstruments shall be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH conditions. (See appendix B for a description of
Level B hazards and the recommendations for Level B protective equipment.)

(iv) Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate PPE
shall be selected and used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.

(6) Monitoring. The following monitoring shall be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation orIDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient reasonably to eliminate these possible conditions:


## 383 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(i) Monitoring with direct reading instruments for hazardous levels of ionizing radiation.

(ii) Monitoring the air with appropriate direct reading test equipment (i.e., combustible gas meters, detector tubes) for IDLH and other conditions that may cause death or serious harm (combustible or explosive atmospheres, oxygen deficiency, toxic substances).

(iii) Visually observing for signs ofactual or potential IDLH or other dangerous conditions.

(iv) An ongoing air monitoring program in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section shall be implemented
after site characterization has determined the site is safe for the start-up of operations.

(7) Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific
hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks
associated with these substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, training required by that standard need not be duplicated.

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (c)(7): Risks to consider include, but are not limited to:

(a) Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels.

(b) IDLH concentrations. (c) Potential skin absorption and irritation

sources.

(d) Potential eye irritation sources. (e) Explosion sensitivity and flammability

ranges.

(f) Oxygen deficiency.



### (8) Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform shall
be made available to the affected employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer may utilize information developed for
the hazard communication standard for this purpose.

(d) Site control —(1) General. Appropriate site control procedures shall beimplemented to control employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up work begins. (2) Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is part of the employer’s site safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section shall be developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operationand modified as necessary as new information becomes available.

(3) Elements of the site control program. The site control program shall, as a minimum, include: A site map; sitework zones; the use of a ‘‘buddy system’’; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of
the nearest medical assistance. Wherethese requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.

(e) Training —(1) General. (i) All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph beforethey are permitted to engage in hazardous waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and theyshall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.

(ii) Employees shall not be permittedto participate in or supervise field activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.

(2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the following:

(i) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health;

(ii) Safety, health and other hazards present on the site;

(iii) Use of personal protective equipment;

(iv) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards;

(v) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;

(vi) Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of symptoms and signs which might indicate overexposure to hazards; and


## 384 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(vii) The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety and health plan set forth in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.

(3) Initial training. (i) General site workers (such as equipment operators,general laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous substance
removal or other activities which expose or potentially expose workers to
hazardous substances and health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of instruction off the site, and aminimum of three days actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(ii) Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task (such as, butnot limited to, ground water monitoring, land surveying, or geo-physical surveying) and who are unlikely to beexposed over permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits shall
receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iii) Workers regularly on site who
work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the characterization
indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of
24 hours of instruction off the site and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.

(iv) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and who become general site workers or who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two days of training necessary to total the training specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i).

(4) Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or whosupervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and three days of supervised field experience (the training may be reduced to 24 hoursand one day if the only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii)) andat least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer’s safety andhealth program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.

(5) Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed atraining program for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, orthey shall have the academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable subject matter.

(6) Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and successfully completed the trainingand field experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trainedsupervisor as having successfully completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any person who has
not been so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibitedfrom engaging in hazardous waste operations.

(7) Emergency response. Employeeswho are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.

(8) Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, shallreceive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and other relevant topics.


## 385 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(9) Equivalent training. Employerswho can show by documentation or certification that an employee’s work experience and/or training has resulted intraining equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through(e)(4) of this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of those paragraphs to such employees and shall provide acopy of the certification or documentation to the employee upon request.However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry andhave appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalenttraining includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might have already received
from actual hazardous waste site work experience.

(f) Medical surveillance —(1) General.Employers engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through(a)(1)(iv) of this section and not covered by (a)(2)(iii) exceptions and employers of employees specified in paragraph (q)(9) shall institute a medical surveillance program in accordance with this paragraph.

(2) Employees covered. The medicalsurveillance program shall be instituted by the employer for the following employees:

(i) All employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances orhealth hazards at or above the permissible exposure limits or, if there is no permissible exposure limit, above thepublished exposure levels for these substances, without regard to the use of respirators, for 30 days or more a year;

(ii) All employees who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a year or as required by §1910.134;

(iii) All employees who are injured,become ill or develop signs or symptoms due to possible overexposure involving hazardous substances or health hazards from an emergency response or hazardous waste operation; and

(iv) Members of HAZMAT teams. (3) Frequency of medical examinations
and consultations. Medical examinations and consultations shall be madeavailable by the employer to each employee covered under paragraph (f)(2) of this section on the following schedules:

(i) For employees covered under paragraphs (f)(2)(i), (f)(2)(ii), and (f)(2)(iv):

(A) Prior to assignment; (B) At least once every twelvemonths for each employee covered unless the attending physician believes alonger interval (not greater than biennially) is appropriate;

(C) At termination of employment orreassignment to an area where the employee would not be covered if the employee has not had an examination within the last six months;

(D) As soon as possible upon notification by an employee that the employeehas developed signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure to hazardous substances or health hazards, or that the employee has been injured or exposed above the permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels in an emergency situation;

(E) At more frequent times, if the examining physician determines that an increased frequency of examination is medically necessary.

(ii) For employees covered underparagraph (f)(2)(iii) and for all employees including those of employers covered by paragraph (a)(1)(v) who may have been injured, received a healthimpairment, developed signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances resulting from an emergency incident, or exposed during an emergency incident to
hazardous substances at concentrations above the permissible exposure limits or the published exposure levelswithout the necessary personal protective equipment being used:

(A) As soon as possible following the emergency incident or development of signs or symptoms;

(B) At additional times, if the examining physician determines that followup examinations or consultations are medically necessary.

(4) Content of medical examinations and
consultations. (i) Medical examinationsrequired by paragraph (f)(3) of this section shall include a medical and work history (or updated history if one is inthe employee’s file) with special emphasis on symptoms related to the handling of hazardous substances and


## 386 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

health hazards, and to fitness for dutyincluding the ability to wear any required PPE under conditions (i.e., temperature extremes) that may be expected at the work site.

(ii) The content of medical examinations or consultations made available to employees pursuant to paragraph (f) shall be determined by the attending physician. The guidelines in the Occupational Safety and Health GuidanceManual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (See appendix D, Reference #10)
should be consulted.

(5) Examination by a physician and

costs. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by orunder the supervision of a licensed physician, preferably one knowledgeable in occupational medicine, and shall be provided without cost to the employee,without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.

(6) Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide onecopy of this standard and its appendices to the attending physician, and inaddition the following for each employee:

(i) A description of the employee’s duties as they relate to the employee’s

exposures.

(ii) The employee’s exposure levels or anticipated exposure levels.

(iii) A description of any personal protective equipment used or to be
used.

(iv) Information from previous medical examinations of the employee which is not readily available to the examining physician.

(v) Information required by §1910.134. (7) Physician’s written opinion. (i) The employer shall obtain and furnish the employee with a copy of a written opinion from the attending physician containing the following:

(A) The physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions which would placethe employee at increased risk of material impairment of the employee’s
health from work in hazardous waste operations or emergency response, or from respirator use.

(B) The physician’s recommendedlimitations upon the employee’s assigned work. (C) The results of the medical examination and tests if requested by the employee.

(D) A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of
the results of the medical examinationand any medical conditions which require further examination or treatment.

(ii) The written opinion obtained by the employer shall not reveal specificfindings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposures.

(8) Recordkeeping. (i) An accurate
record of the medical surveillance required by paragraph (f) of this section
shall be retained. This record shall be retained for the period specified and
meet the criteria of 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(ii) The record required in paragraph (f)(8)(i) of this section shall include at least the following information:

(A) The name and social security number of the employee;

(B) Physician’s written opinions, recommended limitations, and results of examinations and tests;

(C) Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to hazardous substances;

(D) A copy of the information provided to the examining physician by the employer, with the exception of the standard and its appendices.

(g) Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. Engineeringcontrols, work practices, personal protective equipment, or a combination ofthese shall be implemented in accordance with this paragraph to protect employees from exposure to hazardoussubstances and safety and health hazards.

(1) Engineering controls, work practicesand PPE for substances regulated in subparts G and Z. (i) Engineering controls and work practices shall be institutedto reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits for substances regulated by 29 CFR part 1910, to the extent required by subpart Z, except to the extent thatsuch controls and practices are not feasible.

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (g)(1)(i): Engineering controls which may be feasible include the use of pressurized cabs or control booths on


## 387 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

equipment, and/or the use of remotely operated material handling equipment. Workpractices which may be feasible are removing all non-essential employees from potential exposure during opening of drums, wetting down dusty operations and locating employees upwind of possible hazards.



### (ii) Whenever engineering controls and work practices are not feasible ornot required, any reasonable combination of engineering controls, workpractices and PPE shall be used to reduce and maintain employee exposures to or below the permissible exposure
limits or dose limits for substances regulated by 29 CFR part 1910, subpart
Z. (iii) The employer shall not implement a schedule of employee rotationas a means of compliance with permissible exposure limits or dose limits except when there is no other feasible way of complying with the airborne ordermal dose limits for ionizing radiation.

(iv) The provisions of 29 CFR, subpart G, shall be followed.

(2) Engineering controls, work practices, and PPE for substances not regulated in subparts G and Z. An appropriate combination of engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment shall be used to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below published exposure levels for
hazardous substances and health hazards not regulated by 29 CFR part 1910, subparts G and Z. The employer may use the published literature and SDS asa guide in making the employer’s determination as to what level of protection the employer believes is appropriate for hazardous substances and
health hazards for which there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure limit.

(3) Personal protective equipment selection. (i) Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be selected and used whichwill protect employees from the hazards and potential hazards they are likely to encounter as identified during the site characterization and analysis.

(ii) Personal protective equipment
selection shall be based on an evaluation of the performance characteristicsof the PPE relative to the requirements and limitations of the site, the task-specific conditions and duration, and the hazards and potential hazards
identified at the site.

(iii) Positive pressure self-containedbreathing apparatus, or positive pressure air-line respirators equipped with an escape air supply, shall be used when chemical exposure levels present will create a substantial possibility of immediate death, immediate serious illness or injury, or impair the ability to escape.

(iv) Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits (protection equivalent to Level A protection as recommendedin appendix B) shall be used in conditions where skin absorption of a hazardous substance may result in a substantial possibility of immediatedeath, immediate serious illness or injury, or impair the ability to escape.

(v) The level of protection provided by PPE selection shall be increased
when additional information on site
conditions indicates that increasedprotection is necessary to reduce employee exposures below permissible exposure limits and published exposure
levels for hazardous substances and health hazards. (See appendix B for guidance on selecting PPE ensembles.)

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (g)(3): The level of employee protection provided may be decreased
when additional information or site conditions show that decreased protection will not result in hazardous exposures to employees.



### (vi) Personal protective equipment
shall be selected and used to meet therequirements of 29 CFR part 1910, subpart I, and additional requirements specified in this section.

(4) Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits. (i) Totally-encapsulating suits shall protect employees from the particular hazards which are identifiedduring site characterization and analysis.

(ii) Totally-encapsulating suits shall be capable of maintaining positive air pressure. (See appendix A for a test method which may be used to evaluate this requirement.)

(iii) Totally-encapsulating suits shall be capable of preventing inward test gas leakage of more than 0.5 percent. (See appendix A for a test methodwhich may be used to evaluate this requirement.)

(5) Personal protective equipment (PPE)

program. A written personal protective


## 388 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

equipment program, which is part ofthe employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section or required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section and which is also a part of the site-specific safety and healthplan shall be established. The PPE program shall address the elements listed below. When elements, such as donning and doffing procedures, are provided bythe manufacturer of a piece of equipment and are attached to the plan, they need not be rewritten into the plan as long as they adequately address the procedure or element.

(i) PPE selection based upon site hazards,

(ii) PPE use and limitations of the equipment,

(iii) Work mission duration, (iv) PPE maintenance and storage,(v) PPE decontamination and disposal,

(vi) PPE training and proper fitting,(vii) PPE donning and doffing procedures,

(viii) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use,

(ix) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPE program, and

(x) Limitations during temperatureextremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical considerations.

(h) Monitoring —(1) General. (i) Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with this paragraph where theremay be a question of employee exposure to hazardous concentrations of
hazardous substances in order to assureproper selection of engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment so that employees are not exposed to levels which exceedpermissible exposure limits, or published exposure levels if there are nopermissible exposure limits, for hazardous substances.

(ii) Air monitoring shall be used to identify and quantify airborne levels of hazardous substances and safety and
health hazards in order to determinethe appropriate level of employee protection needed on site.

(2) Initial entry. Upon initial entry, representative air monitoring shall beconducted to identify any IDLH condition, exposure over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels, exposure over a radioactive material’s dose limits or other dangerouscondition such as the presence of flammable atmospheres or oxygen-deficient
environments.

(3) Periodic monitoring. Periodic monitoring shall be conducted when the possibility of an IDLH condition or flammable atmosphere has developed or when there is indication that exposuresmay have risen over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels since prior monitoring. Situations
where it shall be considered whether the possibility that exposures have
risen are as follows:

(i) When work begins on a different portion of the site.

(ii) When contaminants other than those previously identified are being
handled.

(iii) When a different type of operation is initiated (e.g., drum opening as opposed to exploratory well drilling).

(iv) When employees are handlingleaking drums or containers or working in areas with obvious liquid contamination (e.g., a spill or lagoon).

(4) Monitoring of high-risk employees. After the actual clean-up phase of any hazardous waste operation commences; for example, when soil, surface water or containers are moved or disturbed;the employer shall monitor those employees likely to have the highest exposures to hazardous substances and health hazards likely to be present above permissible exposure limits orpublished exposure levels by using personal sampling frequently enough to characterize employee exposures. If the employees likely to have the highest exposure are over permissible exposure limits or published exposure limits,then monitoring shall continue to determine all employees likely to be above those limits. The employer mayutilize a representative sampling approach by documenting that the employees and chemicals chosen for monitoring are based on the criteria stated
above.

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (h): It is not requiredto monitor employees engaged in site characterization operations covered by paragraph (c) of this section.



### (i) Informational programs. Employersshall develop and implement a program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program required in


## 389 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

paragraph (b) of this section, to informemployees, contractors, and subcontractors (or their representative) actually engaged in hazardous wasteoperations of the nature, level and degree of exposure likely as a result of participation in such hazardous waste operations. Employees, contractors and subcontractors working outside of theoperations part of a site are not covered by this standard.

(j) Handling drums and containers —(1)
General. (i) Hazardous substances and contaminated soils, liquids, and other residues shall be handled, transported, labeled, and disposed of in accordance with this paragraph.

(ii) Drums and containers used during the clean-up shall meet the appropriate DOT, OSHA, and EPA regulations for the wastes that they contain.

(iii) When practical, drums and containers shall be inspected and their integrity shall be assured prior to being
moved. Drums or containers that cannot be inspected before being movedbecause of storage conditions (i.e., buried beneath the earth, stacked behind other drums, stacked several tiers highin a pile, etc.) shall be moved to an accessible location and inspected prior to further handling.

(iv) Unlabelled drums and containers
shall be considered to contain hazardous substances and handled accordingly until the contents are positively
identified and labeled.

(v) Site operations shall be organized
to minimize the amount of drum or
container movement.

(vi) Prior to movement of drums or containers, all employees exposed to the transfer operation shall be warned of the potential hazards associated
with the contents of the drums or containers.

(vii) U.S. Department of Transportation specified salvage drums or containers and suitable quantities of proper absorbent shall be kept available and used in areas where spills, leaks, or ruptures may occur.

(viii) Where major spills may occur, a spill containment program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph(b) of this section, shall be implemented to contain and isolate the entire volume of the hazardous substance being transferred.

(ix) Drums and containers that cannot be moved without rupture, leakage, or spillage shall be emptied into asound container using a device classified for the material being transferred.

(x) A ground-penetrating system orother type of detection system or device shall be used to estimate the location and depth of buried drums or containers.

(xi) Soil or covering material shall be removed with caution to prevent drum or container rupture.

(xii) Fire extinguishing equipment meeting the requirements of 29 CFR part 1910, subpart L, shall be on hand and ready for use to control incipient
fires.

(2) Opening drums and containers. The following procedures shall be followed
in areas where drums or containers are being opened:

(i) Where an airline respirator system is used, connections to the source of airsupply shall be protected from contamination and the entire system shall be protected from physical damage.

(ii) Employees not actually involved in opening drums or containers shall be kept a safe distance from the drums or containers being opened.

(iii) If employees must work near or adjacent to drums or containers being opened, a suitable shield that does not interfere with the work operation shall be placed between the employee and the drums or containers being openedto protect the employee in case of accidental explosion.

(iv) Controls for drum or containeropening equipment, monitoring equipment, and fire suppression equipmentshall be located behind the explosionresistant barrier.

(v) When there is a reasonable possibility of flammable atmospheres being present, material handling equipment and hand tools shall be of the type to prevent sources of ignition.

(vi) Drums and containers shall be opened in such a manner that excessinterior pressure will be safely relieved. If pressure can not be relieved from a remote location, appropriate shielding shall be placed between the employee and the drums or containers to reduce the risk of employee injury.


## 390 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(vii) Employees shall not stand upon
or work from drums or containers.

(3) Material handling equipment. Material handiing equipment used to transfer drums and containers shall be selected, positioned and operated to minimize sources of ignition related to theequipment from igniting vapors released from ruptured drums or containers.

(4) Radioactive wastes. Drums and containers containing radioactive wastes
shall not be handled until such time as their hazard to employees is properly
assessed.

(5) Shock sensitive wastes. As a minimum, the following special precautions shall be taken when drums and containers containing or suspected of containing shock-sensitive wastes
are handled:

(i) All non-essential employees shall
be evacuated from the area of transfer.

(ii) Material handling equipmentshall be provided with explosive containment devices or protective shields to protect equipment operators from exploding containers.

(iii) An employee alarm system capable of being perceived above surrounding light and noise conditionsshall be used to signal the commencement and completion of explosive waste handling activities.

(iv) Continuous communications (i.e.,portable radios, hand signals, telephones, as appropriate) shall be maintained between the employee-in-charge of the immediate handling area andboth the site safety and health supervisor and the command post until suchtime as the handling operation is completed. Communication equipment or
methods that could cause shock sensitive materials to explode shall not be
used.

(v) Drums and containers under pressure, as evidenced by bulging or swelling, shall not be moved until such timeas the cause for excess pressure is determined and appropriate containment procedures have been implemented to protect employees from explosive relief
of the drum.

(vi) Drums and containers containing packaged laboratory wastes shall be
considered to contain shock-sensitive or explosive materials until they have
been characterized. C AUTION : Shipping of shock sensitivewastes may be prohibited under U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. Employers and their shippers should refer to 49 CFR
173.21 and 173.50.



### (6) Laboratory waste packs. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (j)(5)of this section, the following precautions shall be taken, as a minimum, in handling laboratory waste packs (lab packs):

(i) Lab packs shall be opened onlywhen necessary and then only by an individual knowledgeable in the inspection, classification, and segregation ofthe containers within the pack according to the hazards of the wastes.

(ii) If crystalline material is noted on any container, the contents shall be
handled as a shock-sensitive waste
until the contents are identified.

(7) Sampling of drum and container

contents. Sampling of containers and
drums shall be done in accordance with a sampling procedure which is part ofthe site safety and health plan developed for and available to employees and others at the specific worksite.

(8) Shipping and transport. (i) Drums
and containers shall be identified andclassified prior to packaging for shipment.

(ii) Drum or container staging areas shall be kept to the minimum numbernecessary to identify and classify materials safely and prepare them for transport.

(iii) Staging areas shall be provided with adequate access and egress routes.

(iv) Bulking of hazardous wastesshall be permitted only after a thorough characterization of the materials has been completed.

(9) Tank and vault procedures. (i) Tanks and vaults containing hazardous
substances shall be handled in a manner similar to that for drums and containers, taking into consideration the
size of the tank or vault.

(ii) Appropriate tank or vault entryprocedures as described in the employer’s safety and health plan shall be followed whenever employees must enter
a tank or vault.

(k) Decontamination —(1) General. Procedures for all phases of decontamination shall be developed and implemented in accordance with this paragraph.


## 391 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(2) Decontamination procedures. (i) Adecontamination procedure shall be developed, communicated to employees and implemented before any employees or equipment may enter areas on sitewhere potential for exposure to hazardous substances exists.

(ii) Standard operating proceduresshall be developed to minimize employee contact with hazardous substances or with equipment that has
contacted hazardous substances.

(iii) All employees leaving a contaminated area shall be appropriately decontaminated; all contaminated clothing and equipment leaving a contaminated area shall be appropriately disposed of or decontaminated.

(iv) Decontamination procedures shall be monitored by the site safety and health supervisor to determinetheir effectiveness. When such procedures are found to be ineffective, appropriate steps shall be taken to correct any deficiencies.

(3) Location. Decontamination shall be performed in geographical areas that will minimize the exposure ofuncontaminated employees or equipment to contaminated employees or equipment.

(4) Equipment and solvents. All equipment and solvents used for decontamination shall be decontaminated or disposed of properly.

(5) Personal protective clothing and equipment. (i) Protective clothing and equipment shall be decontaminated,cleaned, laundered, maintained or replaced as needed to maintain their effectiveness.

(ii) Employees whose non-impermeable clothing becomes wetted with
hazardous substances shall immediately remove that clothing and proceed to shower. The clothing shall be disposed of or decontaminated before it
is removed from the work zone.

(6) Unauthorized employees. Unauthorized employees shall not remove protective clothing or equipment from change rooms.

(7) Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments. Commercial laundries orcleaning establishments that decontaminate protective clothing or equipment shall be informed of the potentially harmful effects of exposures to
hazardous substances. (8) Showers and change rooms. Wherethe decontamination procedure indicates a need for regular showers andchange rooms outside of a contaminated area, they shall be provided and meet the requirements of 29 CFR1910.141. If temperature conditions prevent the effective use of water, then other effective means for cleansing shall be provided and used.

(l) Emergency response by employees at
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites —(1) Emergency response plan. (i) An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers within the scope of paragraphs (a)(1)(i)–(ii) of this section to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of hazardous waste operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives,OSHA personnel and other governmental agencies with relevant responsibilities.

(ii) Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of thisparagraph if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 29
CFR 1910.38.

(2) Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop anemergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following:

(i) Pre-emergency planning.(ii) Personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication.

(iii) Emergency recognition and prevention.

(iv) Safe distances and places of refuge.

(v) Site security and control.(vi) Evacuation routes and procedures.

(vii) Decontamination procedureswhich are not covered by the site safety and health plan.

(viii) Emergency medical treatment
and first aid.

(ix) Emergency alerting and response procedures.

(x) Critique of response and followup.

(xi) PPE and emergency equipment.


## 392 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(3) Procedures for handling emergency
incidents. (i) In addition to the elements for the emergency response planrequired in paragraph (l)(2) of this section, the following elements shall be included for emergency response plans:

(A) Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions.

(B) Procedures for reporting incidents to local, state, and federal governmental agencies.

(ii) The emergency response plan shall be a separate section of the Site Safety and Health Plan.

(iii) The emergency response plan shall be compatible and integratedwith the disaster, fire and/or emergency response plans of local, state, and federal agencies.

(iv) The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed regularly as part of the overall training program for site operations.

(v) The site emergency response plan shall be reviewed periodically and, asnecessary, be amended to keep it current with new or changing site conditions or information.

(vi) An employee alarm system shall
be installed in accordance with 29 CFR1910.165 to notify employees of an emergency situation; to stop work activities if necessary; to lower background noise in order to speed communication; and to begin emergency procedures.

(vii) Based upon the information available at time of the emergency, the employer shall evaluate the incident and the site response capabilities and proceed with the appropriate steps to implement the site emergency response plan.

(m) Illumination. Areas accessible to employees shall be lighted to not less
than the minimum illumination intensities listed in the following Table H– 120.1 while any work is in progress:

T ABLE 

### H–120.1—M INIMUM 

### I LLUMINATION 

### I NTENSITIES IN 

### F OOT 

### -C ANDLES

Footcandles Area or operations

5 ........ General site areas. 3 ........ Excavation and waste areas, accessways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and
field maintenance areas. 5 ........ Indoors: Warehouses, corridors, hallways, and exitways. 

### T ABLE 

### H–120.1—M INIMUM 

### I LLUMINATION 

### I NTENSITIES IN 

### F OOT 

### -C ANDLES 

### —Continued

Footcandles Area or operations

5 ........ Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas. (Exception: Minimum of 10 foot-candles is required at tunnel and shaft heading during drillingmucking, and scaling. Mine Safety and Health Administration approved cap lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading.) 10 ...... General shops (e.g., mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, active storerooms, barracks or living quarters, locker or dressing rooms, dining areas, and indoor toilets and workrooms.) 30 ...... First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.



### (n) Sanitation at temporary workplaces —(1) Potable water. (i) An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided on the site.

(ii) Portable containers used to dispense drinking water shall be capable of being tightly closed, and equipped with a tap. Water shall not be dipped
from containers.

(iii) Any container used to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked
as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purpose.

(iv) Where single service cups (to beused but once) are supplied, both a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided.

(2) Nonpotable water. (i) Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water forfirefighting purposes, shall be identified to indicate clearly that the water
is unsafe and is not to be used fordrinking, washing, or cooking purposes.

(ii) There shall be no cross-connection, open or potential, between a system furnishing potable water and a system furnishing nonpotable water.

(3) Toilet facilities. (i) Toilets shall be provided for employees according to the following Table H–120.2.

T ABLE 

### H–120.2—T OILET 

### F ACILITIES

Number of employees Minimum number of facilities

20 or fewer ............................. One.More than 20, fewer than 200 One toilet seat and one urinal per 40 employees.
More than 200 ........................ One toilet seat and one urinal per 50 employees.



### (ii) Under temporary field conditions, provisions shall be made to assure that at least one toilet facility is available.


## 393 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(iii) Hazardous waste sites not provided with a sanitary sewer shall beprovided with the following toilet facilities unless prohibited by local
codes:

(A) Chemical toilets; (B) Recirculating toilets; (C) Combustion toilets; or (D) Flush toilets.(iv) The requirements of this paragraph for sanitation facilities shall notapply to mobile crews having transportation readily available to nearby toilet facilities.

(v) Doors entering toilet facilities shall be provided with entrance locks controlled from inside the facility.

(4) Food handling. All food service facilities and operations for employeesshall meet the applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located.

(5) Temporary sleeping quarters. Whentemporary sleeping quarters are provided, they shall be heated, ventilated, and lighted.

(6) Washing facilities. The employershall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged in operations where hazardous substancesmay be harmful to employees. Such facilities shall be in near proximity to the worksite; in areas where exposures are below permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels and
which are under the controls of the employer; and shall be so equipped as to enable employees to remove hazardous
substances from themselves.

(7) Showers and change rooms. When hazardous waste clean-up or removal operations commence on a site and the duration of the work will require six months or greater time to complete, the employer shall provide showers andchange rooms for all employees exposed to hazardous substances and
health hazards involved in hazardous waste clean-up or removal operations.

(i) Showers shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(d)(3).

(ii) Change rooms shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(e). Change rooms shall consist of two separate change areas separated by the shower area required in paragraph (n)(7)(i) of this section. One change area, with an exit leading off the worksite, shall provide employees with a clean area where they canremove, store, and put on street clothing. The second area, with an exit to the worksite, shall provide employeeswith an area where they can put on, remove and store work clothing and personal protective equipment.

(iii) Showers and change rooms shall be located in areas where exposures are below the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels. If thiscannot be accomplished, then a ventilation system shall be provided thatwill supply air that is below the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels.

(iv) Employers shall assure that employees shower at the end of their work shift and when leaving the hazardous
waste site.

(o) New technology programs. (1) The employer shall develop and implementprocedures for the introduction of effective new technologies and equipment developed for the improved protection of employees working with hazardous waste clean-up operations, and the same shall be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to assure that employee protection is being maintained.

(2) New technologies, equipment or
control measures available to the industry, such as the use of foams, absorbents, adsorbents, neutralizers, or other means to suppress the level of air contaminates while excavating the site or for spill control, shall be evaluated by employers or their representatives.
Such an evaluation shall be done to determine the effectiveness of the newmethods, materials, or equipment before implementing their use on a largescale for enhancing employee protection. Information and data from manufacturers or suppliers may be used aspart of the employer’s evaluation effort. Such evaluations shall be made available to OSHA upon request.

(p) Certain Operations Conducted
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). Employers conducting operations at treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section shall provide and implementthe programs specified in this paragraph. See the ‘‘Notes and Exceptions’’


## 394 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

to paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section for employers not covered.)’’.

(1) Safety and health program. The employer shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for employees involved in hazardous waste operations that shall be available forinspection by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate and control safety and healthhazards in their facilities for the purpose of employee protection, to providefor emergency response meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section and to address as appropriate site analysis, engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous waste handling procedures and uses of new technologies.

(2) Hazard communication program.The employer shall implement a hazard communication program meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200 aspart of the employer’s safety and program.

N OTE TO §1910.120: The exemption for hazardous waste provided in §1910.1200 is applicable to this section.



### (3) Medical surveillance program. The employer shall develop and implementa medical surveillance program meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of
this section.

(4) Decontamination program. The employer shall develop and implement a decontamination procedure meeting the requirements of paragraph (k) of
this section.

(5) New technology program. The employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirementsof paragraph (o) of this section for introducing new and innovative equipment into the workplace.

(6) Material handling program. Where employees will be handling drums or containers, the employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraphs (j)(1) (ii) through (viii) and (xi) of this section, as well as (j)(3) and (j)(8) of this section prior to starting such work.

(7) Training program —(i) New employees. The employer shall develop and implement a training program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program, for employees exposed
to health hazards or hazardous substances at TSD operations to enablethe employees to perform their assigned duties and functions in a safe
and healthful manner so as not endanger themselves or other employees. The initial training shall be for 24 hours and refresher training shall be for eight hours annually. Employees who have received the initial training requiredby this paragraph shall be given a written certificate attesting that they have successfully completed the necessary training.

(ii) Current employees. Employers who can show by an employee’s previous work experience and/or training thatthe employee has had training equivalent to the initial training required by this paragraph, shall be considered asmeeting the initial training requirements of this paragraph as to that employee. Equivalent training includes the training that existing employeesmight have already received from actual site work experience. Current employees shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually.

(iii) Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have satisfactorilycompleted a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach or they shall have the academic credentials and instruction experiencenecessary to demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of the courses and competent instructional
skills.

(8) Emergency response program —(i) Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers. Such plans need not duplicate any of thesubjects fully addressed in the employer’s contingency planning required by permits, such as those issued by theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provided that the contingency plan is made part of the emergency response plan. The emergency response planshall be a written portion of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section. Employers who will evacuatetheir employees from the worksite location when an emergency occurs andwho do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) if they provide an


## 395 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

emergency action plan complying with
29 CFR 1910.38.

(ii) Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop anemergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following areas to the extent that they are not addressed in anyspecific program required in this paragraph:

(A) Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties.

(B) Personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication.

(C) Emergency recognition and prevention.

(D) Safe distances and places of refuge.

(E) Site security and control.(F) Evacuation routes and procedures.

(G) Decontamination procedures. (H) Emergency medical treatment
and first aid.

(I) Emergency alerting and response procedures.

(J) Critique of response and followup.

(K) PPE and emergency equipment. (iii) Training. (A) Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn andprocedures for handling emergency incidents.

Exception #1: An employer need not train all employees to the degree specified if the employer divides the work force in a manner such that a sufficient number of employeeswho have responsibility to control emergencies have the training specified, and all other employees, who may first respond to an emergency incident, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an emergency response situation exists and that they are instructed in that case to summon the fully trained employees and not attempt control activities for which they are not
trained.

Exception #2: An employer need not trainall employees to the degree specified if arrangements have been made in advance for an outside fully-trained emergency response team to respond in a reasonable period and all employees, who may come to the incident first, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an emergency response situation exists and they have been instructed to call the designated outside fully-trained emergency response team for assistance.



### (B) Employee members of TSD facility emergency response organizations
shall be trained to a level of competence in the recognition of healthand safety hazards to protect themselves and other employees. This would include training in the methods used to minimize the risk from safety andhealth hazards; in the safe use of control equipment; in the selection and use of appropriate personal protectiveequipment; in the safe operating procedures to be used at the incident scene; in the techniques of coordination with other employees to minimize risks; inthe appropriate response to over exposure from health hazards or injury to themselves and other employees; andin the recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result from over exposures.

(C) The employer shall certify that each covered employee has attendedand successfully completed the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) ofthis section, or shall certify the employee’s competency at least yearly.
The method used to demonstrate competency for certification of training shall be recorded and maintained by the employer.

(iv) Procedures for handling emergency
incidents. (A) In addition to the elements for the emergency response plan required in paragraph (p)(8)(ii) of this section, the following elements shall be included for emergency response plans to the extent that they do not repeat any information already contained in the emergency response plan:

( 1 ) Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions.

( 2 ) Procedures for reporting incidentsto local, state, and federal governmental agencies.

(B) The emergency response plan shall be compatible and integratedwith the disaster, fire and/or emergency response plans of local, state, and federal agencies.

(C) The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed regularly as part of the overall training program for site operations.


## 396 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(D) The site emergency response plan shall be reviewed periodically and, asnecessary, be amended to keep it current with new or changing site conditions or information.

(E) An employee alarm system shall
be installed in accordance with 29 CFR1910.165 to notify employees of an emergency situation; to stop work activities if necessary; to lower background noise in order to speed communication; and to begin emergency procedures.

(F) Based upon the information available at time of the emergency, the employer shall evaluate the incident andthe site response capabilities and proceed with the appropriate steps to implement the site emergency response plan.

(q) Emergency response to hazardous
substance releases. This paragraph covers employers whose employees are engaged in emergency response no matter where it occurs except that it does not cover employees engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through(a)(1)(iv) of this section. Those emergency response organizations who have developed and implemented programsequivalent to this paragraph for handling releases of hazardous substancespursuant to section 303 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. 11003) shall be deemed to havemet the requirements of this paragraph.

(1) Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented to handle anticipatedemergencies prior to the commencement of emergency response operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs,and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they providean emergency action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38.

(2) Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop anemergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following to the extent that they are not addressed elsewhere:

(i) Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties.

(ii) Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication.

(iii) Emergency recognition and prevention.

(iv) Safe distances and places of refuge.

(v) Site security and control.(vi) Evacuation routes and procedures.

(vii) Decontamination. (viii) Emergency medical treatment
and first aid.

(ix) Emergency alerting and response procedures.

(x) Critique of response and followup.

(xi) PPE and emergency equipment.(xii) Emergency response organizations may use the local emergency response plan or the state emergency response plan or both, as part of theiremergency response plan to avoid duplication. Those items of the emergency response plan that are being properly addressed by the SARA Title III plans may be substituted into theiremergency plan or otherwise kept together for the employer and employee’s

use.

(3) Procedures for handling emergency

response. (i) The senior emergency response official responding to an emergency shall become the individual incharge of a site-specific Incident Command System (ICS). All emergency responders and their communications
shall be coordinated and controlled through the individual in charge of the ICS assisted by the senior official present for each employer.

N OTE TO PARAGRAPH (q)(3)(i): The ‘‘senior official’’ at an emergency response is the
most senior official on the site who has the responsibility for controlling the operations at the site. Initially it is the senior officeron the first-due piece of responding emergency apparatus to arrive on the incident scene. As more senior officers arrive (i.e.,battalion chief, fire chief, state law enforcement official, site coordinator, etc.) the position is passed up the line of authority which has been previously established.


## 397 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(ii) The individual in charge of theICS shall identify, to the extent possible, all hazardous substances or conditions present and shall address as appropriate site analysis, use of engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous substance handling procedures, and use of any new technologies.

(iii) Based on the hazardous substances and/or conditions present, the individual in charge of the ICS shallimplement appropriate emergency operations, and assure that the personalprotective equipment worn is appropriate for the hazards to be encountered. However, personal protective equipment shall meet, at a minimum,
the criteria contained in 29 CFR 1910.156(e) when worn while performingfire fighting operations beyond the incipient stage for any incident.

(iv) Employees engaged in emergencyresponse and exposed to hazardous substances presenting an inhalation hazard or potential inhalation hazard shall wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus while engaged in emergency response, until such time that the individual in charge of the ICSdetermines through the use of air monitoring that a decreased level of respiratory protection will not result in hazardous exposures to employees.

(v) The individual in charge of the
ICS shall limit the number of emergency response personnel at the emergency site, in those areas of potential or actual exposure to incident or sitehazards, to those who are actively performing emergency operations. However, operations in hazardous areasshall be performed using the buddy system in groups of two or more.

(vi) Back-up personnel shall stand bywith equipment ready to provide assistance or rescue. Advance first aid support personnel, as a minimum, shall also stand by with medical equipment and transportation capability.

(vii) The individual in charge of the ICS shall designate a safety official, who is knowledgable in the operations being implemented at the emergencyresponse site, with specific responsibility to identify and evaluate hazards and to provide direction with respect to the safety of operations for the emergency at hand. (viii) When activities are judged bythe safety official to be an IDLH condition and/or to involve an imminent danger condition, the safety officialshall have the authority to alter, suspend, or terminate those activities. The safety official shall immediately inform the individual in charge of the ICS of any actions needed to be taken
to correct these hazards at the emergency scene.

(ix) After emergency operations have terminated, the individual in charge of the ICS shall implement appropriate decontamination procedures.

(x) When deemed necessary for meeting the tasks at hand, approved selfcontained compressed air breathing apparatus may be used with approved cylinders from other approved self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus provided that such cylinders areof the same capacity and pressure rating. All compressed air cylinders usedwith self-contained breathing apparatus shall meet U.S. Department of Transportation and National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Health criteria.

(4) Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer’s own employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or diggingequipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed temporarilyto perform immediate emergency support work that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer’s own employees, and whowill be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required to meet the trainingrequired in this paragraph for the employer’s regular employees. However,these personnel shall be given an initial briefing at the site prior to theirparticipation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions provided to the employer’s own employees shall be used to assure the safety and health of these personnel.


## 398 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(5) Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained inthe hazards of specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance
at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shallreceive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.

(6) Training. Training shall be basedon the duties and function to be performed by each responder of an emergency response organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all new responders, those hired after the effective date of this standard, shall beconveyed to them through training before they are permitted to take part inactual emergency operations on an incident. Employees who participate, orare expected to participate, in emergency response, shall be given trainingin accordance with the following paragraphs:

(i) First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness levelare individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance
release and who have been trained toinitiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take nofurther action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness level shall havesufficient training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following

areas:

(A) An understanding of what hazardous substances are, and the risks associated with them in an incident.

(B) An understanding of the potential
outcomes associated with an emergency created when hazardous substances are present.

(C) The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an

emergency.

(D) The ability to identify the hazardous substances, if possible.

(E) An understanding of the role ofthe first responder awareness individual in the employer’s emergency response plan including site security and control and the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response
Guidebook.

(F) The ability to realize the need foradditional resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communication center.

(ii) First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releasesor potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protectingnearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in adefensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function
is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders atthe operational level shall have received at least eight hours of trainingor have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to those
listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(B) Know how to select and use proper personal protective equipment provided to the first responder operational
level.

(C) An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.

(D) Know how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with their unit.

(E) Know how to implement basic decontamination procedures.

(F) An understanding of the relevantstandard operating procedures and termination procedures.

(iii) Hazardous materials technician.
Hazardous materials technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume amore aggressive role than a first responder at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwisestop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall have received at least 24


## 399 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.

(B) Know the classification, identification and verification of known andunknown materials by using field survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Be able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command System.

(D) Know how to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials technician.

(E) Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.

(F) Be able to perform advance control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with the unit.

(G) Understand and implement decontamination procedures.

(H) Understand termination procedures.

(I) Understand basic chemical andtoxicological terminology and behavior.

(iv) Hazardous materials specialist.Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and providesupport to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of thehazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be calledupon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardousmaterials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of trainingequal to the technician level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

(B) Understand classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using advanced survey instruments and equipment.

(C) Know of the state emergency response plan. (D) Be able to select and use properspecialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials specialist.

(E) Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques.

(F) Be able to perform specializedcontrol, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available.

(G) Be able to determine and implement decontamination procedures.

(H) Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.

(I) Understand chemical, radiologicaland toxicological terminology and behavior.

(v) On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level,
shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:

(A) Know and be able to implementthe employer’s incident command system.

(B) Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.

(C) Know and understand the hazards and risks associated with employeesworking in chemical protective clothing.

(D) Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.

(E) Know of the state emergency response plan and of the Federal Regional Response Team.

(F) Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures.

(7) Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shallhave satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional experience necessaryto demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command of the subject matter of the courses they
are to teach.

(8) Refresher training. (i) Those employees who are trained in accordance with paragraph (q)(6) of this section


## 400 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

shall receive annual refresher training
of sufficient content and duration to maintain their competencies, or shall demonstrate competency in those areas at least yearly.

(ii) A statement shall be made of thetraining or competency, and if a statement of competency is made, the employer shall keep a record of the methodology used to demonstrate competency.

(9) Medical surveillance and consultation. (i) Members of an organized anddesignated HAZMAT team and hazardous materials specialists shall receive a baseline physical examinationand be provided with medical surveillance as required in paragraph (f) of
this section.

(ii) Any emergency response employees who exhibits signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances during the course of an emergency incident, either immediately or subsequently, shall be provided with medical consultation as required in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this
section.

(10) Chemical protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing and equipment to be used by organized and designated HAZMAT team members, orto be used by hazardous materials specialists, shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (g) (3) through (5) of this
section.

(11) Post-emergency response operations. Upon completion of the emergency response, if it is determined that it is necessary to remove hazardoussubstances, health hazards, and materials contaminated with them (such as
contaminated soil or other elements of the natural environment) from the siteof the incident, the employer conducting the clean-up shall comply with one of the following:

(i) Meet all of the requirements ofparagraphs (b) through (o) of this section; or

(ii) Where the clean-up is done onplant property using plant or workplace employees, such employees shallhave completed the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1910.38,1910.134, 1910.1200, and other appropriate safety and health training madenecessary by the tasks they are expected to perform such as personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures. All equipment to be used in the performance of the clean-up
work shall be in serviceable condition and shall have been inspected prior to

use.

A PPENDICES TO §1910.120—H AZARDOUS W ASTE O PERATIONS AND E MERGENCY R ESPONSE

N OTE : The following appendices serve asnon-mandatory guidelines to assist employees and employers in complying with the appropriate requirements of this section. However paragraph 1910.120(g) makes mandatory
in certain circumstances the use of Level A and Level B PPE protection.

A PPENDIX A TO §1910.120—P ERSONAL P ROTECTIVE E QUIPMENT T EST M ETHODS

This appendix sets forth the non-mandatory examples of tests which may be used to evaluate compliance with §1910.120 (g)(4) (ii) and (iii). Other tests and other challenge agents may be used to evaluate compliance.

A. Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit pressure test

1.0—Scope 1.1 This practice measures the ability of a gas tight totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit material, seams, and closuresto maintain a fixed positive pressure. The results of this practice allow the gas tight integrity of a totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit to be evaluated.

1.2 Resistance of the suit materials to permeation, penetration, and degradation byspecific hazardous substances is not determined by this test method.

2.0—Definition of terms

2.1 Totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit (TECP suit) means a full body garment which is constructed of protective clothing materials; covers the wearer’s torso, head, arms, legs and respirator; may cover thewearer’s hands and feet with tightly attached gloves and boots; completely enclosesthe wearer and respirator by itself or in combination with the wearer’s gloves and boots.

2.2 Protective clothing material means any material or combination of materials used inan item of clothing for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contactwith a potentially hazardous liquid or gaseous chemicals.

2.3 Gas tight means, for the purpose of this test method, the limited flow of a gas under pressure from the inside of a TECP suit to atmosphere at a prescribed pressure and
time interval.

3.0—Summary of test method 3.1 The TECP suit is visually inspected and modified for the test. The test apparatus is attached to the suit to permit inflation to


## 401 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

the pre-test suit expansion pressure for removal of suit wrinkles and creases. The pressure is lowered to the test pressure and monitored for three minutes. If the pressure drop is excessive, the TECP suit fails the test and is removed from service. The test is repeated after leak location and repair.

4.0—Required Supplies 4.1 Source of compressed air.4.2 Test apparatus for suit testing, including a pressure measurement device with a sensitivity of at least 1 ⁄ 4 inch water gauge. 4.3 Vent valve closure plugs or sealing tape.

4.4 Soapy water solution and soft brush.4.5 Stop watch or appropriate timing device.

5.0—Safety Precautions5.1 Care shall be taken to provide the correct pressure safety devices required for the source of compressed air used.

6.0—Test Procedure6.1 Prior to each test, the tester shall perform a visual inspection of the suit. Checkthe suit for seam integrity by visually examining the seams and gently pulling on theseams. Ensure that all air supply lines, fittings, visor, zippers, and valves are secure and show no signs of deterioration.

6.1.1 Seal off the vent valves along with any other normal inlet or exhaust points (such as umbilical air line fittings or face piece opening) with tape or other appropriate means (caps, plugs, fixture, etc.). Care should be exercised in the sealing process not to damage any of the suit components.

6.1.2 Close all closure assemblies.6.1.3 Prepare the suit for inflation by providing an improvised connection point on the suit for connecting an airline. Attach the pressure test apparatus to the suit to permit suit inflation from a compressed air sourceequipped with a pressure indicating regulator. The leak tightness of the pressure test apparatus should be tested before and after each test by closing off the end of the tubing attached to the suit and assuring a pressureof three inches water gauge for three minutes can be maintained. If a component is removed for the test, that component shall be replaced and a second test conducted with another component removed to permit a complete test of the ensemble.

6.1.4 The pre-test expansion pressure (A)and the suit test pressure (B) shall be supplied by the suit manufacturer, but in no case shall they be less than: (A)=three inches water gauge; and (B)=two inches water gauge. The ending suit pressure (C) shall be no less than 80 percent of the test pressure (B); i.e., the pressure drop shall not exceed 20 percent of the test pressure (B).

6.1.5 Inflate the suit until the pressure inside is equal to pressure (A), the pre-test expansion suit pressure. Allow at least one
minute to fill out the wrinkles in the suit.Release sufficient air to reduce the suit pressure to pressure (B), the suit test pressure. Begin timing. At the end of three minutes, record the suit pressure as pressure (C), the ending suit pressure. The difference between the suit test pressure and the ending suit test pressure (B-C) shall be defined as the suit pressure drop.

6.1.6 If the suit pressure drop is more than 20 percent of the suit test pressure (B) during the three-minute test period, the suit fails
the test and shall be removed from service.

7.0—Retest Procedure

7.1 If the suit fails the test check for leaks by inflating the suit to pressure (A) and brushing or wiping the entire suit (including seams, closures, lens gaskets, glove-to-sleevejoints, etc.) with a mild soap and water solution. Observe the suit for the formation of soap bubbles, which is an indication of a leak. Repair all identified leaks.

7.2 Retest the TECP suit as outlined in Test procedure 6.0.

8.0—Report 8.1 Each TECP suit tested by this practiceshall have the following information recorded:

8.1.1 Unique identification number, identifying brand name, date of purchase, material of construction, and unique fit features, e.g., special breathing apparatus.

8.1.2 The actual values for test pressures (A), (B), and (C) shall be recorded along with the specific observation times. If the ending pressure (C) is less than 80 percent of the test pressure (B), the suit shall be identified as failing the test. When possible, the specific
leak location shall be identified in the testrecords. Retest pressure data shall be recorded as an additional test.

8.1.3 The source of the test apparatus used shall be identified and the sensitivity of the pressure gauge shall be recorded.

8.1.4 Records shall be kept for each pressure test even if repairs are being made at
the test location.

C AUTION

Visually inspect all parts of the suit to besure they are positioned correctly and secured tightly before putting the suit back into service. Special care should be taken to
examine each exhaust valve to make sure it
is not blocked.

Care should also be exercised to assure
that the inside and outside of the suit is completely dry before it is put into storage.

B. Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit qualitative leak test

1.0—Scope 1.1 This practice semi-qualitatively tests gas tight totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit integrity by detecting inwardleakage of ammonia vapor. Since no modifications are made to the suit to carry out


## 402 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

this test, the results from this practice provide a realistic test for the integrity of the
entire suit.

1.2 Resistance of the suit materials to permeation, penetration, and degradation is not determined by this test method. ASTM test
methods are available to test suit materials
for these characteristics and the tests are usually conducted by the manufacturers of
the suits.

2.0—Definition of terms
2.1 Totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit (TECP suit) means a full body garment which is constructed of protective clothing materials; covers the wearer’s torso, head, arms, legs and respirator; may cover thewearer’s hands and feet with tightly attached gloves and boots; completely enclosesthe wearer and respirator by itself or in combination with the wearer’s gloves, and boots.

2.2 Protective clothing material means any material or combination of materials used inan item of clothing for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contactwith a potentially hazardous liquid or gaseous chemicals.

2.3 Gas tight means, for the purpose of this test method, the limited flow of a gas under pressure from the inside of a TECP suit to atmosphere at a prescribed pressure and
time interval.

2.4 Intrusion Coefficient means a number expressing the level of protection provided by a gas tight totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit. The intrusion coefficient iscalculated by dividing the test room challenge agent concentration by the concentration of challenge agent found inside the suit. The accuracy of the intrusion coefficient is dependent on the challenge agent monitoring methods. The larger the intrusion coefficient the greater the protection provided by the
TECP suit.

3.0—Summary of recommended practice 3.1 The volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution (ammonia hydroxide NH 4OH) required to generate the test atmosphere is determined using the directions outlined in 6.1. The suit is donned by a personwearing the appropriate respiratory equipment (either a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or a positivepressure supplied air respirator) and worn inside the enclosed test room. The concentrated aqueous ammonia solution is taken by the suited individual into the test room and poured into an open plastic pan. A two-minute evaporation period is observed
before the test room concentration is measured, using a high range ammonia length of
stain detector tube. When the ammonia vapor reaches a concentration of between 1000 and 1200 ppm, the suited individual starts a standardized exercise protocol to stress and flex the suit. After this protocol is completed, the test room concentration is measured again. The suited individual exits the test room and his stand-by person measures the ammonia concentration inside the suit using a low range ammonia length of
stain detector tube or other more sensitiveammonia detector. A stand-by person is required to observe the test individual during the test procedure; aid the person in donning and doffing the TECP suit; and monitor the
suit interior. The intrusion coefficient of thesuit can be calculated by dividing the average test area concentration by the interior
suit concentration. A colorimetric ammoniaindicator strip of bromophenol blue or equivalent is placed on the inside of the suit face piece lens so that the suited individual is able to detect a color change and know if the suit has a significant leak. If a color change
is observed the individual shall leave the test room immediately.

4.0—Required supplies4.1 A supply of concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide (58% by weight).

4.2 A supply of bromophenol/blue indicating paper or equivalent, sensitive to 5–10 ppm ammonia or greater over a two-minute period of exposure. [pH 3.0 (yellow) to pH 4.6 (blue)]

4.3 A supply of high range (0.5–10 volume percent) and low range (5–700 ppm) detector tubes for ammonia and the correspondingsampling pump. More sensitive ammonia detectors can be substituted for the low range detector tubes to improve the sensitivity of this practice.

4.4 A shallow plastic pan (PVC) at least
12 ′′ :14 ′′ :1 ′′ and a half pint plastic container (PVC) with tightly closing lid.

4.5 A graduated cylinder or other volumetric measuring device of at least 50 milliliters in volume with an accuracy of at least

± 1 milliliters.

5.0—Safety precautions5.1 Concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide, NH 4 OH, is a corrosive volatile liquid requiring eye, skin, and respiratory protection. The person conducting the test shall review the SDS for aqueous ammonia.

5.2 Since the established permissible exposure limit for ammonia is 35 ppm as a 15minute STEL, only persons wearing a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or a positive pressure supplied air respirator shall be in the chamber. Normallyonly the person wearing the totally-encapsulating suit will be inside the chamber. Astand-by person shall have a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, or a positive pressure supplied air respirator
available to enter the test area should the
suited individual need assistance.

5.3 A method to monitor the suited individual must be used during this test. Visual contact is the simplest but other methods using communication devices are acceptable.

5.4 The test room shall be large enough to allow the exercise protocol to be carried out and then to be ventilated to allow for easy


## 403 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

exhaust of the ammonia test atmosphere after the test(s) are completed.

5.5 Individuals shall be medically screened for the use of respiratory protection and checked for allergies to ammonia before participating in this test procedure.

6.0—Test procedure
6.1.1 Measure the test area to the nearest
foot and calculate its volume in cubic feet.Multiply the test area volume by 0.2 milliliters of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution per cubic foot of test area volume todetermine the approximate volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia required to generate 1000 ppm in the test area.

6.1.2 Measure this volume from the supply of concentrated aqueous ammonia and place it into a closed plastic container.

6.1.3 Place the container, several high range ammonia detector tubes, and the pump in the clean test pan and locate it near thetest area entry door so that the suited individual has easy access to these supplies.

6.2.1 In a non-contaminated atmosphere, open a pre-sealed ammonia indicator strip and fasten one end of the strip to the inside
of the suit face shield lens where it can be seen by the wearer. Moisten the indicator strip with distilled water. Care shall be taken not to contaminate the detector part of the indicator paper by touching it. A small piece of masking tape or equivalent should be used to attach the indicator strip
to the interior of the suit face shield.

6.2.2 If problems are encountered with this method of attachment, the indicator strip can be attached to the outside of the respirator face piece lens being used during
the test.

6.3 Don the respiratory protective device normally used with the suit, and then don
the TECP suit to be tested. Check to be sure all openings which are intended to be sealed (zippers, gloves, etc.) are completely sealed. DO NOT, however, plug off any venting
valves.

6.4 Step into the enclosed test room such as a closet, bathroom, or test booth, equipped with an exhaust fan. No air should be exhausted from the chamber during the
test because this will dilute the ammonia challenge concentrations.

6.5 Open the container with the pre-measured volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia within the enclosed test room, and pour the liquid into the empty plastic test pan.Wait two minutes to allow for adequate volatilization of the concentrated aqueous ammonia. A small mixing fan can be used nearthe evaporation pan to increase the evaporation rate of the ammonia solution.

6.6 After two minutes a determination of
the ammonia concentration within the chamber should be made using the highrange colorimetric detector tube. A concentration of 1000 ppm ammonia or greater shall be generated before the exercises are
started.

6.7 To test the integrity of the suit the following four minute exercise protocol
should be followed:

6.7.1 Raising the arms above the head with at least 15 raising motions completed in
one minute.

6.7.2 Walking in place for one minute with at least 15 raising motions of each leg in a one-minute period.

6.7.3 Touching the toes with a least 10 complete motions of the arms from abovethe head to touching of the toes in a oneminute period.

6.7.4 Knee bends with at least 10 completestanding and squatting motions in a oneminute period.

6.8 If at any time during the test the colorimetric indicating paper should change colors, the test should be stopped and section 6.10 and 6.12 initiated (See ¶4.2).

6.9 After completion of the test exercise,
the test area concentration should be measured again using the high range colorimetric
detector tube.

6.10 Exit the test area.6.11 The opening created by the suit zipper or other appropriate suit penetration
should be used to determine the ammonia concentration in the suit with the low rangelength of stain detector tube or other ammonia monitor. The internal TECP suit airshould be sampled far enough from the enclosed test area to prevent a false ammonia reading.

6.12 After completion of the measurement
of the suit interior ammonia concentration
the test is concluded and the suit is doffed and the respirator removed.

6.13 The ventilating fan for the test room
should be turned on and allowed to run for enough time to remove the ammonia gas.
The fan shall be vented to the outside of the building.

6.14 Any detectable ammonia in the suit interior (five ppm ammonia (NH 3 ) or morefor the length of stain detector tube) indicates that the suit has failed the test. When
other ammonia detectors are used a lower level of detection is possible, and it should be specified as the pass/fail criteria.

6.15 By following this test method, an intrusion coefficient of approximately 200 or
more can be measured with the suit in acompletely operational condition. If the intrusion coefficient is 200 or more, then the suit is suitable for emergency response and
field use.

7.0—Retest procedures 7.1 If the suit fails this test, check for leaks by following the pressure test in test A
above.

7.2 Retest the TECP suit as outlined in the test procedure 6.0.

8.0—Report


## 404 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

8.1 Each gas tight totally-encapsulatingchemical protective suit tested by this practice shall have the following information recorded.

8.1.1 Unique identification number, identifying brand name, date of purchase, material of construction, and unique suit features; e.g., special breathing apparatus.

8.1.2 General description of test room
used for test.

8.1.3 Brand name and purchase date of ammonia detector strips and color change
data.

8.1.4 Brand name, sampling range, and expiration date of the length of stain ammonia
detector tubes. The brand name and model of the sampling pump should also be recorded. If another type of ammonia detector is used,it should be identified along with its minimum detection limit for ammonia.

8.1.5 Actual test results shall list the two test area concentrations, their average, theinterior suit concentration, and the calculated intrusion coefficient. Retest data
shall be recorded as an additional test.

8.2 The evaluation of the data shall be specified as ‘‘suit passed’’ or ‘‘suit failed,’’and the date of the test. Any detectable ammonia (five ppm or greater for the length ofstain detector tube) in the suit interior indicates the suit has failed this test. When other ammonia detectors are used, a lower level of detection is possible and it should be specified as the pass fail criteria.

C AUTION

Visually inspect all parts of the suit to besure they are positioned correctly and secured tightly before putting the suit back into service. Special care should be taken to
examine each exhaust valve to make sure it
is not blocked.

Care should also be exercised to assure
that the inside and outside of the suit is completely dry before it is put into storage.

A PPENDIX B TO §1910.120—G ENERAL D ESCRIP

TION AND D ISCUSSION OF THE L EVELS OF P ROTECTION AND P ROTECTIVE G EAR

This appendix sets forth information aboutpersonal protective equipment (PPE) protection levels which may be used to assist employers in complying with the PPE requirements of this section.

As required by the standard, PPE must be selected which will protect employees from the specific hazards which they are likely to encounter during their work on-site.

Selection of the appropriate PPE is a complex process which should take into consideration a variety of factors. Key factors involved in this process are identification of the hazards, or suspected hazards; theirroutes of potential hazard to employees (inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, and eye or skin contact); and the performance of the PPE materials (and seams) in providing a barrier to these hazards. The amount of protection provided by PPE is material-hazard specific. That is, protective equipment materials will protect well against some hazardous substances and poorly, or not at all,against others. In many instances, protective equipment materials cannot be found which will provide continuous protection from the particular hazardous substance. In these cases the breakthrough time of the protective material should exceed the work
durations.

Other factors in this selection process to be considered are matching the PPE to theemployee’s work requirements and task-specific conditions. The durability of PPE materials, such as tear strength and seam strength, should be considered in relation to the employee’s tasks. The effects of PPE in
relation to heat stress and task duration are a factor in selecting and using PPE. In somecases layers of PPE may be necessary to provide sufficient protection, or to protect expensive PPE inner garments, suits or equipment.

The more that is known about the hazardsat the site, the easier the job of PPE selection becomes. As more information about
the hazards and conditions at the site becomes available, the site supervisor can make decisions to up-grade or down-grade the level of PPE protection to match the
tasks at hand.

The following are guidelines which an employer can use to begin the selection of theappropriate PPE. As noted above, the site information may suggest the use of combinations of PPE selected from the different protection levels (i.e., A, B, C, or D) as being
more suitable to the hazards of the work. It should be cautioned that the listing below does not fully address the performance of thespecific PPE material in relation to the specific hazards at the job site, and that PPE selection, evaluation and re-selection is an ongoing process until sufficient information about the hazards and PPE performance is
obtained.

Part A. Personal protective equipment isdivided into four categories based on the degree of protection afforded. (See part B ofthis appendix for further explanation of Levels A, B, C, and D hazards.)

I. Level A —To be selected when the greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required.

The following constitute Level A equipment; it may be used as appropriate;

1. Positive pressure, full face-piece selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator withescape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

2. Totally-encapsulating chemical-protective suit.


## 405 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

1 Optional, as applicable. 3. Coveralls. 1 4. Long underwear. 1 5. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant. 6. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant. 7. Boots, chemical-resistant, steel toe and
shank.

8. Hard hat (under suit). 1 9. Disposable protective suit, gloves and boots (depending on suit construction, may be worn over totally-encapsulating suit).

II. Level B —The highest level of respiratory protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.

The following constitute Level B equipment; it may be used as appropriate.

1. Positive pressure, full-facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA (NIOSH approved).

2. Hooded chemical-resistant clothing (overalls and long-sleeved jacket; coveralls;one or two-piece chemical-splash suit; disposable chemical-resistant overalls).

3. Coveralls. 1 4. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant. 5. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant. 6. Boots, outer, chemical-resistant steel
toe and shank.

7. Boot-covers, outer, chemical-resistant (disposable). 1

8. Hard hat. 1 9. [Reserved]
10. Face shield. 1
III. Level C —The concentration(s) and type(s) of airborne substance(s) is known andthe criteria for using air purifying respirators are met.

The following constitute Level C equipment; it may be used as appropriate.

1. Full-face or half-mask, air purifying respirators (NIOSH approved).

2. Hooded chemical-resistant clothing (overalls; two-piece chemical-splash suit; disposable chemical-resistant overalls).

3. Coveralls. 1 4. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant. 5. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant. 6. Boots (outer), chemical-resistant steel
toe and shank. 1

7. Boot-covers, outer, chemical-resistant (disposable) 1

.

8. Hard hat. 1 9. Escape mask. 1
10. Face shield. 1
IV. Level D —A work uniform affordingminimal protection, used for nuisance contamination only.

The following constitute Level D equipment; it may be used as appropriate:

1. Coveralls.
2. Gloves. 1 3. Boots/shoes, chemical-resistant steel toe
and shank.

4. Boots, outer, chemical-resistant (disposable). 1 5. Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles*.

6. Hard hat. 1 7. Escape mask. 1
8. Face shield. 1
Part B. The types of hazards for which levels A, B, C, and D protection are appropriate
are described below:

I. Level A —Level A protection should be
used when:

1. The hazardous substance has been identified and requires the highest level of protection for skin, eyes, and the respiratorysystem based on either the measured (or potential for) high concentration of atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulates; or the site operations and work functions involve ahigh potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to unexpected vapors, gases, or particulates of materials that are harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin;

2. Substances with a high degree of hazard to the skin are known or suspected to be present, and skin contact is possible; or

3. Operations are being conducted in confined, poorly ventilated areas, and the absence of conditions requiring Level A have not yet been determined.

II. Level B —Level B protection should be
used when:

1. The type and atmospheric concentration
of substances have been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection, but less skin protection;

2. The atmosphere contains less than 19.5 percent oxygen; or

3. The presence of incompletely identifiedvapors or gases is indicated by a direct-reading organic vapor detection instrument, butvapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through
the skin.

N OTE : This involves atmospheres with IDLH concentrations of specific substances that present severe inhalation hazards and that do not represent a severe skin hazard;
or that do not meet the criteria for use of air-purifying respirators.

III. Level C —Level C protection should be
used when:

1. The atmospheric contaminants, liquidsplashes, or other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any exposed skin;

2. The types of air contaminants have been identified, concentrations measured, and an air-purifying respirator is available that can remove the contaminants; and

3. All criteria for the use of air-purifying respirators are met.

IV. Level D —Level D protection should be
used when:

1. The atmosphere contains no known hazard; and


## 406 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

2. Work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any chemicals.

N OTE : As stated before, combinations of personal protective equipment other thanthose described for Levels A, B, C, and D protection may be more appropriate and may beused to provide the proper level of protection.

As an aid in selecting suitable chemical protective clothing, it should be noted that
the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed standards on chemical protective clothing. The standards that have been adopted by include:

NFPA 1991—Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level A Protective Clothing).

NFPA 1992—Standard on Liquid SplashProtective Suits for Hazardous ChemicalEmergencies (EPA Level B Protective Clothing).

NFPA 1993—Standard on Liquid SplashProtective Suits for Non-emergency, Nonflammable Hazardous Chemical Situations (EPA Level B Protective Clothing).

These standards apply documentation andperformance requirements to the manufacture of chemical protective suits. Chemical protective suits meeting these requirementsare labelled as compliant with the appropriate standard. It is recommended that chemical protective suits that meet these
standards be used.

A PPENDIX C TO §1910.120—C OMPLIANCE G UIDELINES

1. Occupational Safety and Health Program. Each hazardous waste site clean-up effort will require an occupational safety andhealth program headed by the site coordinator or the employer’s representative. Thepurpose of the program will be the protection of employees at the site and will be an extension of the employer’s overall safety and health program. The program will need to be developed before work begins on the site and implemented as work proceeds asstated in paragraph (b). The program is to facilitate coordination and communication ofsafety and health issues among personnel responsible for the various activities which will take place at the site. It will provide theoverall means for planning and implementing the needed safety and health training and job orientation of employees who will be working at the site. The program willprovide the means for identifying and controlling worksite hazards and the means formonitoring program effectiveness. The program will need to cover the responsibilities and authority of the site coordinator or theemployer’s manager on the site for the safety and health of employees at the site, and the relationships with contractors or support services as to what each employer’s safetyand health responsibilities are for their employees on the site. Each contractor on the site needs to have its own safety and health program so structured that it will smoothlyinterface with the program of the site coordinator or principal contractor.

Also those employers involved with treating, storing or disposal of hazardous waste ascovered in paragraph (p) must have implemented a safety and health program for their employees. This program is to include the hazard communication program required in paragraph (p)(1) and the training required in paragraphs (p)(7) and (p)(8) as parts of the employers comprehensive overall safety and health program. This program is to be in writing.

Each site or workplace safety and health program will need to include the following: (1) Policy statements of the line of authority and accountability for implementing the program, the objectives of the program andthe role of the site safety and health supervisor or manager and staff; (2) means or methods for the development of procedures for identifying and controlling workplace hazards at the site; (3) means or methods forthe development and communication to employees of the various plans, work rules, standard operating procedures and practicesthat pertain to individual employees and supervisors; (4) means for the training of supervisors and employees to develop the needed skills and knowledge to perform their work in a safe and healthful manner; (5) means toanticipate and prepare for emergency situations; and (6) means for obtaining information feedback to aid in evaluating the program and for improving the effectiveness ofthe program. The management and employees should be trying continually to improvethe effectiveness of the program thereby enhancing the protection being afforded those working on the site.

Accidents on the site or workplace should be investigated to provide information on
how such occurrences can be avoided in the future. When injuries or illnesses occur on the site or workplace, they will need to be investigated to determine what needs to be done to prevent this incident from occurring again. Such information will need to be usedas feedback on the effectiveness of the program and the information turned into positive steps to prevent any reoccurrence. Receipt of employee suggestions or complaints relating to safety and health issues involved with site or workplace activities is also a
feedback mechanism that can be used effectively to improve the program and may serve in part as an evaluative tool(s).

For the development and implementationof the program to be the most effective, professional safety and health personnel should be used. Certified Safety Professionals,


## 407 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

Board Certified Industrial Hygienists or Registered Professional Safety Engineers are good examples of professional stature forsafety and health managers who will administer the employer’s program.

2. Training. The training programs for employees subject to the requirements of paragraph (e) of this standard should address: the safety and health hazards employees should expect to find on hazardous waste clean-up sites; what control measures or techniquesare effective for those hazards; what monitoring procedures are effective in characterizing exposure levels; what makes an effective employer’s safety and health program;what a site safety and health plan should include; hands on training with personal protective equipment and clothing they may be expected to use; the contents of the OSHA standard relevant to the employee’s dutiesand function; and, employee’s responsibilities under OSHA and other regulations. Supervisors will need training in their responsibilities under the safety and health program and its subject areas such as the spillcontainment program, the personal protective equipment program, the medical surveillance program, the emergency response plan and other areas.

The training programs for employees subject to the requirements of paragraph (p) of this standard should address: the employerssafety and health program elements impacting employees; the hazard communication program; the medical surveillance program;
the hazards and the controls for such hazards that employees need to know for their jobduties and functions. All require annual refresher training.

The training programs for employees covered by the requirements of paragraph (q) of
this standard should address those competencies required for the various levels of response such as: the hazards associated with hazardous substances; hazard identification and awareness; notification of appropriatepersons; the need for and use of personal protective equipment including respirators; the decontamination procedures to be used;preplanning activities for hazardous substance incidents including the emergency reponse plan; company standard operatingprocedures for hazardous substance emergency responses; the use of the incident command system and other subjects. Hands-ontraining should be stressed whenever possible. Critiques done after an incident which
include an evaluation of what worked and
what did not and how could the incident be better handled the next time may be counted as training time.

For hazardous materials specialists (usually members of hazardous materials teams), the training should address the care, use and/or testing of chemical protective clothing including totally encapsulating suits, the medical surveillance program, the standard operating procedures for the hazardous materials team including the use of plugging and patching equipment and other subject areas.

Officers and leaders who may be expected to be in charge at an incident should be fully knowledgeable of their company’s incident command system. They should know where
and how to obtain additional assistance and
be familiar with the local district’s emergency response plan and the state emergency response plan.

Specialist employees such as technical experts, medical experts or environmental experts that work with hazardous materials in their regular jobs, who may be sent to the incident scene by the shipper, manufacturer or governmental agency to advise and assist the person in charge of the incident should have training on an annual basis. Their training should include the care and use ofpersonal protective equipment including respirators; knowledge of the incident command system and how they are to relate toit; and those areas needed to keep them current in their respective field as it relates tosafety and health involving specific hazardous substances.

Those skilled support personnel, such asemployees who work for public works departments or equipment operators who operate bulldozers, sand trucks, backhoes, etc., whomay be called to the incident scene to provide emergency support assistance, shouldhave at least a safety and health briefing before entering the area of potential or actual exposure. These skilled support personnel, who have not been a part of the emergency response plan and do not meet the training requirements, should be made aware of the hazards they face and should be provided all necessary protective clothing and equipment required for their tasks.

There are two National Fire Protection Association standards, NFPA 472—‘‘Standard for Professional Competence of Responders
to Hazardous Material Incidents’’ and NFPA 471—‘‘Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Material Incidents’’, which are
excellent resource documents to aid fire departments and other emergency response organizations in developing their training program materials. NFPA 472 provides guidance on the skills and knowledge needed for first responder awareness level, first responder operations level, hazmat technicians, and hazmat specialist. It also offers guidance forthe officer corp who will be in charge of hazardous substance incidents.

3. Decontamination. Decontamination procedures should be tailored to the specifichazards of the site, and may vary in complexity and number of steps, depending onthe level of hazard and the employee’s exposure to the hazard. Decontamination procedures and PPE decontamination methodswill vary depending upon the specific substance, since one procedure or method may


## 408 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

not work for all substances. Evaluation of decontamination methods and procedures should be performed, as necessary, to assure that employees are not exposed to hazards by re-using PPE. References in appendix D may be used for guidance in establishing aneffective decontamination program. In addition, the U.S. Coast Guard’s Manual, ‘‘PolicyGuidance for Response to Hazardous Chemical Releases,’’ U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (COMDTINST M16465.30) is a good reference for establishing an effective decontamination program.

4. Emergency response plans. States, along with designated districts within the states, will be developing or have developed local emergency response plans. These state anddistrict plans should be utilized in the emergency response plans called for in the standard. Each employer should assure that its emergency response plan is compatible with the local plan. The major reference being used to aid in developing the state and local district plans is the Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide, NRT–1. The current Emergency Response Guidebook from the U.S. Department of Transportation,
CMA’s CHEMTREC and the Fire Service Emergency Management Handbook may also
be used as resources.

Employers involved with treatment, storage, and disposal facilities for hazardous waste, which have the required contingency plan called for by their permit, would notneed to duplicate the same planning elements. Those items of the emergency response plan that are properly addressed in the contingency plan may be substituted into the emergency response plan required in1910.120 or otherwise kept together for employer and employee use.

5. Personal protective equipment programs. The purpose of personal protective clothing and equipment (PPE) is to shield or isolate individuals from the chemical, physical, and biologic hazards that may be encountered at
a hazardous substance site.

As discussed in appendix B, no single combination of protective equipment and clothing is capable of protecting against all hazards. Thus PPE should be used in conjunction with other protective methods and its effectiveness evaluated periodically.

The use of PPE can itself create significant worker hazards, such as heat stress, physicaland psychological stress, and impaired vision, mobility, and communication. For any given situation, equipment and clothing should be selected that provide an adequatelevel of protection. However, over-protection, as well as under-protection, can be hazardous and should be avoided where possible.

Two basic objectives of any PPE program should be to protect the wearer from safety and health hazards, and to prevent injury to
the wearer from incorrect use and/or malfunction of the PPE. To accomplish these goals, a comprehensive PPE program shouldinclude hazard identification, medical monitoring, environmental surveillance, selection, use, maintenance, and decontamination of PPE and its associated training.

The written PPE program should includepolicy statements, procedures, and guidelines. Copies should be made available to all employees, and a reference copy should be
made available at the worksite. Technical data on equipment, maintenance manuals,relevant regulations, and other essential information should also be collected and maintained.

6. Incident command system (ICS). Paragraph 1910.120(q)(3)(ii) requires the implementation of an ICS. The ICS is an organized approach to effectively control and manage operations at an emergency incident. The individual incharge of the ICS is the senior official responding to the incident. The ICS is notmuch different than the ‘‘command post’’ approach used for many years by the fire service. During large complex fires involving several companies and many pieces of apparatus, a command post would be established.
This enabled one individual to be in charge of managing the incident, rather than having several officers from different companies making separate, and sometimes conflicting, decisions. The individual in charge of the command post would delegate responsibility for performing various tasks to subordinate officers. Additionally, all communications were routed through the command post to
reduce the number of radio transmissions and eliminate confusion. However, strategy, tactics, and all decisions were made by one
individual.

The ICS is a very similar system, except it is implemented for emergency response toall incidents, both large and small, that involve hazardous substances.

For a small incident, the individual in charge of the ICS may perform many tasks of the ICS. There may not be any, or little,delegation of tasks to subordinates. For example, in response to a small incident, the individual in charge of the ICS, in addition to normal command activities, may become the safety officer and may designate only one employee (with proper equipment) as a back-up to provide assistance if needed. OSHA does recommend, however, that atleast two employees be designated as backup personnel since the assistance needed may include rescue.

To illustrate the operation of the ICS, the following scenario might develop during a small incident, such as an overturned tank truck with a small leak of flammable liquid.

The first responding senior officer would implement and take command of the ICS. That person would size-up the incident anddetermine if additional personnel and apparatus were necessary; would determine what


## 409 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

actions to take to control the leak; and, determine the proper level of personal protective equipment. If additional assistance is not needed, the individual in charge of the ICS would implement actions to stop and control the leak using the fewest number of personnel that can effectively accomplish the tasks. The individual in charge of theICS then would designate himself as the safety officer and two other employees as aback-up in case rescue may become necessary. In this scenario, decontamination procedures would not be necessary.

A large complex incident may requiremany employees and difficult, time-consuming efforts to control. In these situations, the individual in charge of the ICS willwant to delegate different tasks to subordinates in order to maintain a span of control that will keep the number of subordinates, that are reporting, to a manageable level.

Delegation of task at large incidents may be by location, where the incident scene is divided into sectors, and subordinate officers
coordinate activities within the sector that they have been assigned.

Delegation of tasks can also be by function. Some of the functions that the individual in charge of the ICS may want to delegate at a large incident are: medical services; evacuation; water supply; resources (equipment, apparatus); media relations; safety; and, site control (integrate activities with police for crowd and traffic control). Also for a large incident, the individual incharge of the ICS will designate several employees as back-up personnel; and a number of safety officers to monitor conditions and recommend safety precautions.

Therefore, no matter what size or complexity an incident may be, by implementing
an ICS there will be one individual in chargewho makes the decisions and gives directions; and, all actions, and communications are coordinated through one central point ofcommand. Such a system should reduce confusion, improve safety, organize and coordinate actions, and should facilitate effective management of the incident.

7. Site Safety and Control Plans. The safetyand security of response personnel and others in the area of an emergeny response incident site should be of primary concern to the incident commander. The use of a site safety and control plan could greatly assist those in charge of assuring the safety and health of employees on the site.

A comprehensive site safety and control plan should include the following: summary analysis of hazards on the site and a risk analysis of those hazards; site map orsketch; site work zones (clean zone, transition or decontamination zone, work or hotzone); use of the buddy system; site communications; command post or command center; standard operating procedures and safe work practices; medical assistance and triage area; hazard monitoring plan (air contaminate monitoring, etc.); decontamination procedures and area; and other relevantareas. This plan should be a part of the employer’s emergency response plan or an extension of it to the specific site.

8. Medical surveillance programs. Workershandling hazardous substances may be exposed to toxic chemicals, safety hazards, biologic hazards, and radiation. Therefore, a medical surveillance program is essential to
assess and monitor workers’ health and fitness for employment in hazardous waste operations and during the course of work; to provide emergency and other treatment asneeded; and to keep accurate records for future reference.

The Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA); October 1985 provides an excellent example of the types of medical testing that should be done as part of a medical surveillance program.

9. New Technology and Spill Containment Programs. Where hazardous substances may be released by spilling from a container that will expose employees to the hazards of thematerials, the employer will need to implement a program to contain and control the spilled material. Diking and ditching, as well
as use of absorbents like diatomaceous earth, are traditional techniques which haveproven to be effective over the years. However, in recent years new products have comeinto the marketplace, the use of which complement and increase the effectiveness ofthese traditional methods. These new products also provide emergency responders and others with additional tools or agents to use to reduce the hazards of spilled materials.

These agents can be rapidly applied over a large area and can be uniformly applied or otherwise can be used to build a small dam,thus improving the workers’ ability to control spilled material. These application techniques enhance the intimate contact between the agent and the spilled material allowing for the quickest effect by the agent or quickest control of the spilled material. Agents are available to solidify liquid spilled materials, to suppress vapor generation fromspilled materials, and to do both. Some special agents, which when applied as recommended by the manufacturer, will reactin a controlled manner with the spilled material to neutralize acids or caustics, or greatly reduce the level of hazard of the spilled material.

There are several modern methods and devices for use by emergency response personnel or others involved with spill control efforts to safely apply spill control agents to


## 410 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

control spilled material hazards. These include portable pressurized applicators similar to hand-held portable fire extinguishing devices, and nozzle and hose systems similar to portable fire fighting foam systems whichallow the operator to apply the agent without having to come into contact with the spilled material. The operator is able to apply the agent to the spilled material from a remote position.

The solidification of liquids provides forrapid containment and isolation of hazardous substance spills. By directing the agent at run-off points or at the edges of the spill, the reactant solid will automatically create a barrier to slow or stop the spread ofthe material. Clean-up of hazardous substances is greatly improved when solidifyingagents, acid or caustic neutralizers, or activated carbon adsorbents are used. Properlyapplied, these agents can totally solidify liquid hazardous substances or neutralize or absorb them, which results in materials which are less hazardous and easier to handle, transport, and dispose of. The concept ofspill treatment, to create less hazardous substances, will improve the safety and level of protection of employees working at spill clean-up operations or emergency response operations to spills of hazardous substances.

The use of vapor suppression agents forvolatile hazardous substances, such as flammable liquids and those substances which present an inhalation hazard, is importantfor protecting workers. The rapid and uniform distribution of the agent over the surface of the spilled material can provide quick vapor knockdown. There are temporary andlong-term foam-type agents which are effective on vapors and dusts, and activated carbon adsorption agents which are effective for vapor control and soaking-up of the liquid. The proper use of hose lines or hand-held portable pressurized applicators providesgood mobility and permits the worker to deliver the agent from a safe distance withouthaving to step into the untreated spilled material. Some of these systems can be recharged in the field to provide coverage of larger spill areas than the design limits of a single charged applicator unit. Some of the more effective agents can solidify the liquid
flammable hazardous substances and at the same time elevate the flashpoint above 140

° F so the resulting substance may be handled
as a nonhazardous waste material if it meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s40 CFR part 261 requirements (See particularly §261.21).

All workers performing hazardous substance spill control work are expected to wear the proper protective clothing and equipment for the materials present and to follow the employer’s established standardoperating procedures for spill control. All involved workers need to be trained in the established operating procedures; in the use and care of spill control equipment; and in
the associated hazards and control of such hazards of spill containment work.

These new tools and agents are the things that employers will want to evaluate as partof their new technology program. The treatment of spills of hazardous substances or wastes at an emergency incident as part of the immediate spill containment and control efforts is sometimes acceptable to EPA and a permit exception is described in 40 CFR 264.1(g)(8) and 265.1(c)(11).

A PPENDIX D TO §1910.120—R EFERENCES

The following references may be consulted for further information on the subject of this
standard:

1. OSHA Instruction DFO CPL 2.70—January 29, 1986, Special Emphasis Program: Hazardous Waste Sites.

2. OSHA Instruction DFO CPL 2–2.37A— January 29, 1986, Technical Assistance and Guidelines for Superfund and Other Hazardous
Waste Site Activities.

3. OSHA Instruction DTS CPL 2.74—January 29, 1986, Hazardous Waste Activity Form,
OSHA 175.

4. Hazardous Waste Inspections Reference Manual, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
1986.

5. Memorandum of Understanding Amongthe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the United StatesCoast Guard, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Guidance for Worker Protection During Hazardous Waste Site Investigations and Clean-up and Hazardous Substance Emergencies. December 18, 1980.

6. National Priorities List, 1st Edition, October 1984; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Revised periodically.

7. The Decontamination of Response Personnel, Field Standard Operating Procedures (F.S.O.P.) 7; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and RemedialResponse, Hazardous Response Support Division, December 1984.

8. Preparation of a Site Safety Plan, Field Standard Operating Procedures (F.S.O.P.) 9;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Hazardous Response Support Division, April
1985.

9. Standard Operating Safety Guidelines; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office ofEmergency and Remedial Response, Hazardous Response Support Division, Environmental Response Team; November 1984.

10. Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); October 1985.


## 411 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

11. Protecting Health and Safety at Hazardous Waste Sites: An Overview, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/9–85/ 006; September 1985.

12. Hazardous Waste Sites and Hazardous Substance Emergencies, NIOSH Worker Bulletin, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers forDisease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; December 1982.

13. Personal Protective Equipment for Hazardous Materials Incidents: A Selection Guide;U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; October 1984.

14. Fire Service Emergency Management Handbook, International Association of Fire Chiefs Foundation, 101 East Holly Avenue, Unit 10B, Sterling, VA 22170, January 1985.

15. Emergency Response Guidebook, U.S Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 1987.

16. Report to the Congress on Hazardous Materials Training, Planning and Preparedness, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, July 1986.

17. Workbook for Fire Command, Alan V. Brunacini and J. David Beageron, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269, 1985.

18. Fire Command, Alan V. Brunacini, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,, Quincy, MA 02269, 1985.

19. Incident Command System, Fire Protection Publications, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, 1983.

20. Site Emergency Response Planning, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037, 1986.

21. Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide, NRT–1, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, March 1987.

22. Community Teamwork: Working Together to Promote Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, May 1983.

23. Disaster Planning Guide for Business and Industry, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Publication No. FEMA 141, August
1987.

(The Office of Management and Budget hasapproved the information collection requirements in this section under control number 1218–0139)

A PPENDIX E TO §1910.120—T RAINING C URRICULUM G UIDELINES

The following non-mandatory general criteria may be used for assistance in developing site-specific training curriculum used to meet the training requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(e); 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(7), (p)(8)(iii); and 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6), (q)(7), and (q)(8). These are generic guidelines and they arenot presented as a complete training curriculum for any specific employer. Site-specific training programs must be developed on
the basis of a needs assessment of the hazardous waste site, RCRA/TSDF, or emergency response operation in accordance with
29 CFR 1910.120.

It is noted that the legal requirements are set forth in the regulatory text of §1910.120. The guidance set forth here presents a highly effective program that in the areas coveredwould meet or exceed the regulatory requirements. In addition, other approaches could meet the regulatory requirements.

Suggested General Criteria

Definitions: ‘‘Competent’’ means possessing the skills,knowledge, experience, and judgment to perform assigned tasks or activities satisfactorily as determined by the employer.

‘‘Demonstration’’ means the showing by actual use of equipment or procedures.

‘‘Hands-on training’’ means training in a simulated work environment that permits each student to have experience performing tasks, making decisions, or using equipment appropriate to the job assignment for which the training is being conducted.

‘‘Initial training’’ means training required prior to beginning work.

‘‘Lecture’’ means an interactive discourse with a class lead by an instructor.

‘‘Proficient’’ means meeting a stated level
of achievement.

‘‘Site-specific’’ means individual training directed to the operations of a specific job
site.

‘‘Training hours’’ means the number of hours devoted to lecture, learning activities, small group work sessions, demonstration, evaluations, or hands-on experience.

Suggested core criteria:

1. Training facility. The training facility should have available sufficient resources,equipment, and site locations to perform didactic and hands-on training when appropriate. Training facilities should have sufficient organization, support staff, and services to conduct training in each of the
courses offered.

2. Training Director. Each training program should be under the direction of a training director who is responsible for the program.The Training Director should have a minimum of two years of employee education experience.

3. Instructors. Instructors should be deemcompetent on the basis of previous documented experience in their area of instruction, successful completion of a ‘‘train-thetrainer’’ program specific to the topics theywill teach, and an evaluation of instructional competence by the Training Director.

Instructors should be required to maintain professional competency by participating in


## 412 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

continuing education or professional development programs or by completing successfully an annual refresher course and having an annual review by the Training Director.

The annual review by the Training Director should include observation of an instructor’s delivery, a review of those observationswith the trainer, and an analysis of any instructor or class evaluations completed by the students during the previous year.

4. Course materials. The Training Director should approve all course materials to beused by the training provider. Course materials should be reviewed and updated at least annually. Materials and equipment should bein good working order and maintained properly.

All written and audio-visual materials in training curricula should be peer reviewed by technically competent outside reviewers or by a standing advisory committee.

Reviews should possess expertise in the following disciplines were applicable: occupational health, industrial hygiene and safety,chemical/environmental engineering, employee education, or emergency response. One or more of the peer reviewers should bean employee experienced in the work activities to which the training is directed.

5. Students. The program for accepting students should include:

a. Assurance that the student is or will be involved in work where chemical exposures are likely and that the student possesses the skills necessary to perform the work.

b. A policy on the necessary medical clearance.

6. Ratios. Student-instructor ratios shouldnot exceed 30 students per instructor. Handson activity requiring the use of personal protective equipment should have the following
student-instructor ratios. For Level C or Level D personal protective equipment the ratio should be 10 students per instructor. For Level A or Level B personal protective equipment the ratio should be 5 students per
instructor.

7. Proficiency assessment. Proficiency should be evaluated and documented by the use of a
written assessment and a skill demonstration selected and developed by the Training Director and training staff. The assessment
and demonstration should evaluate the knowledge and individual skills developed in the course of training. The level of minimum achievement necessary for proficiency shallbe specified in writing by the Training Director.

If a written test is used, there should be a minimum of 50 questions. If a written test is
used in combination with a skills demonstration, a minimum of 25 questions should be used. If a skills demonstration is used, the
tasks chosen and the means to rate successful completion should be fully documented by the Training Director. The content of the written test or of the
skill demonstration shall be relevant to the objectives of the course. The written test and skill demonstration should be updated asnecessary to reflect changes in the curriculum and any update should be approved by the Training Director.

The proficiency assessment methods, regardless of the approach or combination ofapproaches used, should be justified, documented and approved by the Training Director.

The proficiency of those taking the additional courses for supervisors should be evaluated and documented by using proficiencyassessment methods acceptable to the Training Director. These proficiency assessmentmethods must reflect the additional responsibilities borne by supervisory personnel inhazardous waste operations or emergency response.

8. Course certificate. Written documentationshould be provided to each student who satisfactorily completes the training course.
The documentation should include:

a. Student’s name.
b. Course title.
c. Course date.
d. Statement that the student has successfully completed the course.

e. Name and address of the training provider.

f. An individual identification number for
the certificate.

g. List of the levels of personal protective equipment used by the student to complete
the course.

This documentation may include a certificate and an appropriate wallet-sized laminated card with a photograph of the student
and the above information. When suchcourse certificate cards are used, the individual identification number for the training
certificate should be shown on the card.

9. Recordkeeping. Training providers should maintain records listing the dates courses were presented, the names of the individualcourse attenders, the names of those students successfully completing each course, and the number of training certificates
issued to each successful student. These
records should be maintained for a minimumof five years after the date an individual participated in a training program offered by the training provider. These records should be available and provided upon the student’s request or as mandated by law.

10. Program quality control. The Training
Director should conduct or direct an annualwritten audit of the training program. Program modifications to address deficiencies, if any, should be documented, approved, and implemented by the training provider. Theaudit and the program modification documents should be maintained at the training facility.


## 413 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

Suggested Program Quality Control Criteria

Factors listed here are suggested criteriafor determining the quality and appropriateness of employee health and safety trainingfor hazardous waste operations and emergency response.

A. Training Plan.Adequacy and appropriateness of the training program’s curriculum development, instructor training, distribution of course materials, and direct student training should be considered, including

1. The duration of training, course content, and course schedules/agendas;

2. The different training requirements of the various target populations, as specifiedin the appropriate generic training curriculum;

3. The process for the development of curriculum, which includes appropriate technical input, outside review, evaluation, program pretesting.

4. The adequate and appropriate inclusion of hands-on, demonstration, and instruction methods;

5. Adequate monitoring of student safety,progress, and performance during the training.

B. Program management, Training Director, staff, and consultants.

Adequacy and appropriateness of staff performance and delivering an effective training program should be considered, including

1. Demonstration of the training director’s leadership in assuring quality of health and safety training.

2. Demonstration of the competency of the staff to meet the demands of delivering high quality hazardous waste employee health and safety training.

3. Organization charts establishing clear lines of authority.

4. Clearly defined staff duties including therelationship of the training staff to the overall program.

5. Evidence that the training organizational structure suits the needs of the training program.

6. Appropriateness and adequacy of the training methods used by the instructors.

7. Sufficiency of the time committed bythe training director and staff to the training program.

8. Adequacy of the ratio of training staff to
students.

9. Availability and commitment of the training program of adequate human and equipment resources in the areas of

a. Health effects, b. Safety, c. Personal protective equipment (PPE), d. Operational procedures,e. Employee protection practices/procedures.

10. Appropriateness of management controls. 11. Adequacy of the organization and appropriate resources assigned to assure appropriate training.

12. In the case of multiple-site trainingprograms, adequacy of satellite centers management.

C. Training facilities and resources.Adequacy and appropriateness of the facilities and resources for supporting the training program should be considered, including,

1. Space and equipment to conduct the training.

2. Facilities for representative hands-on training.

3. In the case of multiple-site programs,equipment and facilities at the satellite centers.

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program toensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of therole of student evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.

D. Quality control and evaluation. Adequacy and appropriateness of quality control and evaluation plans for training programs should be considered, including:

1. A balanced advisory committee and/or competent outside reviewers to give overall policy guidance;

2. Clear and adequate definition of the composition and active programmatic role of the advisory committee or outside reviewers.

3. Adequacy of the minutes or reports of the advisory committee or outside reviewers’ meetings or written communication.

4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluations program to account for instructor performance.

5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and evaluation program toensure appropriate course evaluation, feedback, updating, and corrective action.

6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise being used within the quality control and evaluation program.

7. Adequacy and appropriateness of therole of student evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.

E. StudentsAdequacy and appropriateness of the program for accepting students should be considered, including

1. Assurance that the student already possess the necessary skills for their job, including necessary documentation.

2. Appropriateness of methods the program uses to ensure that recruits are capable of satisfactorily completing training.


## 414 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

3. Review and compliance with any medical clearance policy.

F. Institutional Environment and Administrative Support

The adequacy and appropriateness of the
institutional environment and administrative support system for the training program should be considered, including

1. Adequacy of the institutional commitment to the employee training program.

2. Adequacy and appropriateness of the administrative structure and administrative support.

G. Summary of Evaluation Questions Key questions for evaluating the quality and appropriateness of an overall training program should include the following:

1. Are the program objectives clearly stated?

2. Is the program accomplishing its objectives?

3. Are appropriate facilities and staff available?

4. Is there an appropriate mix of classroom, demonstration, and hands-on training?

5. Is the program providing quality employee health and safety training that fully meets the intent of regulatory requirements?

6. What are the program’s main strengths?7. What are the program’s main weaknesses?

8. What is recommended to improve the program?

9. Are instructors instructing according to their training outlines?

10. Is the evaluation tool current and appropriate for the program content?

11. Is the course material current and relevant to the target group?

Suggested Training Curriculum Guidelines

The following training curriculum guidelines are for those operations specifically identified in 29 CFR 1910.120 as requiringtraining. Issues such as qualifications of instructors, training certification, and similarcriteria appropriate to all categories of operations addressed in 1910.120 have been covered in the preceding section and are not readdressed in each of the generic guidelines.Basic core requirements for training programs that are addressed include

1. General Hazardous Waste Operations 2. RCRA operations—Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.

3. Emergency Response.
A. General Hazardous Waste Operations and Site-specific Training

1. Off-site training. Training course content for hazardous waste operations, required by29 CFR 1910.120(e), should include the following topics or procedures:

a. Regulatory knowledge. (1) An review of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the core elements of an occupational safety and health program. (2) The content of a medical surveillance program as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.120(f).

(3) The content of an effective site safetyand health plan consistent with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(b)(4)(ii).

(4) Emergency response plan and procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.120(l).

(5) Adequate illumination.(6) Sanitation recommendation and equipment.

(7) Review and explanation of OSHA’s hazard-communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and lock-out-tag-out standard (29 CFR 1910.147).

(8) Review of other applicable standards including but not limited to those in the construction standards (29 CFR part 1926).

(9) Rights and responsibilities of employers and employees under applicable OSHA and
EPA laws.

b. Technical knowledge.(1) Type of potential exposures to chemical, biological, and radiological hazards; types of human responses to these hazardsand recognition of those responses; principles of toxicology and information about acute and chronic hazards; health and safety considerations of new technology.

(2) Fundamentals of chemical hazards including but not limited to vapor pressure,boiling points, flash points, ph, other physical and chemical properties.

(3) Fire and explosion hazards of chemicals.

(4) General safety hazards such as but notlimited to electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, walking-working surface hazards, excavation hazards, and hazards associated with working in hot and cold temperature extremes.

(5) Review and knowledge of confined space entry procedures in 29 CFR 1910.146.

(6) Work practices to minimize employee
risk from site hazards.

(7) Safe use of engineering controls, equipment, and any new relevant safety technology or safety procedures.

(8) Review and demonstration of competency with air sampling and monitoringequipment that may be used in a site monitoring program.

(9) Container sampling procedures and safeguarding; general drum and containerhandling procedures including special requirement for laboratory waste packs, shock-sensitive wastes, and radioactive
wastes.

(10) The elements of a spill control program.

(11) Proper use and limitations of material handling equipment.

(12) Procedures for safe and healthful preparation of containers for shipping and transport.


## 415 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

(13) Methods of communication includingthose used while wearing respiratory protection.

c. Technical skills.(1) Selection, use maintenance, and limitations of personal protective equipment including the components and procedures for carrying out a respirator program to comply
with 29 CFR 1910.134.

(2) Instruction in decontamination programs including personnel, equipment, and hardware; hands-on training including levelA, B, and C ensembles and appropriate decontamination lines; field activities including the donning and doffing of protective equipment to a level commensurate with theemployee’s anticipated job function and responsibility and to the degree required by potential hazards.

(3) Sources for additional hazard information; exercises using relevant manuals and hazard coding systems.

d. Additional suggested items. (1) A laminated, dated card or certificate with photo, denoting limitations and level of protection for which the employee is trained
should be issued to those students successfully completing a course.

(2) Attendance should be required at alltraining modules, with successful completion of exercises and a final written or oral examination with at least 50 questions.

(3) A minimum of one-third of the program
should be devoted to hands-on exercises.

(4) A curriculum should be established for the 8-hour refresher training required by 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(8), with delivery of suchcourses directed toward those areas of previous training that need improvement or reemphasis.

(5) A curriculum should be established for the required 8-hour training for supervisors. Demonstrated competency in the skills and knowledge provided in a 40-hour courseshould be a prerequisite for supervisor training.

2. Refresher training.The 8-hour annual refresher training required in 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(8) should be conducted by qualified training providers. Refresher training should include at a minimum the following topics and procedures:

(a) Review of and retraining on relevanttopics covered in the 40-hour program, as appropriate, using reports by the students on their work experiences.

(b) Update on developments with respect to
material covered in the 40-hour course.

(c) Review of changes to pertinent provisions of EPA or OSHA standards or laws.

(d) Introduction of additional subject areas as appropriate.

(e) Hands-on review of new or altered PPEor decontamination equipment or procedures. Review of new developments in personal protective equipment. (f) Review of newly developed air and contaminant monitoring equipment.

3. On-site training. a. The employer should provide employees engaged in hazardous waste site activitieswith information and training prior to initial assignment into their work area, as follows:

(1) The requirements of the hazard communication program including the location and availability of the written program, required lists of hazardous chemicals, and safety data
sheets.

(2) Activities and locations in their work area where hazardous substance may be present.

(3) Methods and observations that may beused to detect the present or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such asmonitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearances, or other evidence (sight, sound or smell) of hazardous chemicals being released,and applicable alarms from monitoring devices that record chemical releases.

(4) The physical and health hazards of substances known or potentially present in the
work area.

(5) The measures employees can take tohelp protect themselves from work-site hazards, including specific procedures the employer has implemented.

(6) An explanation of the labeling system and safety data sheets and how employeescan obtain and use appropriate hazard information.

(7) The elements of the confined space program including special PPE, permits, monitoring requirements, communication procedures, emergency response, and applicable lock-out procedures.

b. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information and training and should provide a review and access to the site safety and plan as follows:

(1) Names of personnel and alternate responsible for site safety and health.

(2) Safety and health hazards present on
the site.

(3) Selection, use, maintenance, and limitations of personal protective equipment specific to the site.

(4) Work practices by which the employee
can minimize risks from hazards.

(5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on site.

(6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize employee contact with hazardous substances, including:

(A) Employee decontamination, (B) Clothing decontamination, and (C) Equipment decontamination.(7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including:

(A) Pre-emergency planning. (B) Personnel roles and lines of authority
and communication.


## 416 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

(C) Emergency recognition and prevention. (D) Safe distances and places of refuge. (E) Site security and control. (F) Evacuation routes and procedures.(G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety and health plan.

(H) Emergency medical treatment and first
aid.

(I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

c. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees information and training on personal protective equipment used at the site, such as the following:

(1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards.

(2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations during temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical considerations; use and limitationsof respirator equipment as well as documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR
1910.134.

(3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use.

(4) PPE donning and doffing procedures.(5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures.

(6) PPE maintenance and storage.(7) Task duration as related to PPE limitations.

d. The employer should instruct the employee about the site medical surveillanceprogram relative to the particular site, including

(1) Specific medical surveillance programs that have been adapted for the site.

(2) Specific signs and symptoms related to exposure to hazardous materials on the site.

(3) The frequency and extent of periodic
medical examinations that will be used on
the site.

(4) Maintenance and availability of
records.

(5) Personnel to be contacted and procedures to be followed when signs and symptoms of exposures are recognized.

e. The employees will review and discuss the site safety plan as part of the training program. The location of the site safety plan and all written programs should be discussed with employees including a discussion of themechanisms for access, review, and references described.

B. RCRA Operations Training for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.

1. As a minimum, the training course required in 29 CFR 1910.120 (p) should include the following topics:

(a) Review of the applicable paragraphs of
29 CFR 1910.120 and the elements of the employer’s occupational safety and health plan.

(b) Review of relevant hazards such as, butnot limited to, chemical, biological, and radiological exposures; fire and explosion hazards; thermal extremes; and physical hazards. (c) General safety hazards including those associated with electrical hazards, poweredequipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out procedures, motor vehicle hazards and walkingworking surface hazards.

(d) Confined-space hazards and procedures. (e) Work practices to minimize employee risk from workplace hazards.

(f) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8).

(g) A review of procedures to minimize exposure to hazardous waste and various type of waste streams, including the materialshandling program and spill containment program.

(h) A review of hazard communication programs meeting the requirements of 29 CFR
1910.1200.

(i) A review of medical surveillance programs meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(3) including the recognition ofsigns and symptoms of overexposure to hazardous substance including known synergistic interactions.

(j) A review of decontamination programs and procedures meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(4).

(k) A review of an employer’s requirementsto implement a training program and its elements.

(l) A review of the criteria and programsfor proper selection and use of personal protective equipment, including respirators.

(m) A review of the applicable appendices
to 29 CFR 1910.120.

(n) Principles of toxicology and biological monitoring as they pertain to occupational
health.

(o) Rights and responsibilities of employees and employers under applicable OSHA
and EPA laws.

(p) Hands-on exercises and demonstrations of competency with equipment to illustrate the basic equipment principles that may be used during the performance of work duties, including the donning and doffing of PPE.

(q) Sources of reference, efficient use of relevant manuals, and knowledge of hazardcoding systems to include information contained in hazardous waste manifests.

(r) At least 8 hours of hands-on training. (s) Training in the job skills required foran employee’s job function and responsibility before they are permitted to participate in or supervise field activities.

2. The individual employer should provide hazardous waste employees with information and training prior to an employee’s initial assignment into a work area. The training and information should cover the following topics:

(a) The Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid.

(b) A review of the employer’s hazardouswaste handling procedures including the materials handling program and elements of the


## 417 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.120

spill containment program, location of spill response kits or equipment, and the names of those trained to respond to releases.

(c) The hazardous communication program meeting the requirements of 29 CFR
1910.1200.

(d) A review of the employer’s medical surveillance program including the recognitionof signs and symptoms of exposure to relevant hazardous substance including known synergistic interactions.

(e) A review of the employer’s decontamination program and procedures.

(f) An review of the employer’s training program and the parties responsible for that

program.

(g) A review of the employer’s personal protective equipment program including the proper selection and use of PPE based upon specific site hazards.

(h) All relevant site-specific procedures addressing potential safety and health hazards. This may include, as appropriate, biologicaland radiological exposures, fire and explosion hazards, thermal hazards, and physical hazards such as electrical hazards, poweredequipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walkingworking surface hazards.

(i) Safe use engineering controls and equipment on site.

(j) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for safety and health.

C. Emergency response training.
Federal OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1910.120(q) are directed toward private sectoremergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the appendixare directed toward that employee population. However, they also impact indirectly through State OSHA or USEPA regulations some public sector emergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of the appendix may be applied to both employee populations.

States with OSHA state plans must cover their employees with regulations at least as
effective as the Federal OSHA standards. Public employees in states without approved state OSHA programs covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response are covered by the U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 311, a regulation virtually identical to §1910.120.

Since this is a non-mandatory appendix and therefore not an enforceable standard, OSHA recommends that those employers, employees or volunteers in public sector emergency response organizations outsideFederal OSHA jurisdiction consider the following criteria in developing their own training programs. A unified approach to training at the community level between emergency response organizations coveredby Federal OSHA and those not covered directly by Federal OSHA can help ensure an effective community response to the release or potential release of hazardous substances in the community.

a. General considerations.Emergency response organizations are required to consider the topics listed in§1910.120(q)(6). Emergency response organizations may use some or all of the following topics to supplement those mandatory topicswhen developing their response training programs. Many of the topics would require an interaction between the response provider and the individuals responsible for the site where the response would be expected.

(1) Hazard recognition, including: (A) Nature of hazardous substances present,

(B) Practical applications of hazard recognition, including presentations on biology, chemistry, and physics.

(2) Principles of toxicology, biological monitoring, and risk assessment.

(3) Safe work practices and general site safety.

(4) Engineering controls and hazardous waste operations.

(5) Site safety plans and standard operating procedures.

(6) Decontamination procedures and practices.

(7) Emergency procedures, first aid, and
self-rescue.

(8) Safe use of field equipment.(9) Storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous substances.

(10) Use, care, and limitations of personal protective equipment.

(11) Safe sampling techniques.(12) Rights and responsibilities of employees under OSHA and other related laws concerning right-to-know, safety and health, compensations and liability.

(13) Medical monitoring requirements. (14) Community relations.
b. Suggested criteria for specific courses. (1) First responder awareness level.(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) and familiarization
with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to determine both the hazardous substances present and the basic hazard and response information for each hazardous substance present.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the organization’s standardoperating procedures, and the current edition of DOT’s ERG including emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered


## 418 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–15 Edition) § 1910.120

equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(F) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First Responder at the
Awareness Level covered in the National
Fire Protection Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders to
Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(2) First responder operations level.(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, and other relevant sources of information addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization
with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to determine thehazardous substances present, the likely behavior of the hazardous substance and its container, the types of hazardous substance transportation containers and vehicles, thetypes and selection of the appropriate defensive strategy for containing the release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions consistent withthe local emergency response plan, the organization’s standard operating procedures,
and the current edition of DOT’s ERG including extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practicefor proper selection and use of personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practice of personnel and equipment decontamination.

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First Responder at the Operations Level covered in the National Fire Protection Association’s Standard No. 472,Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.

(3) Hazardous materials technician.(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with written and electronic information relative to response decision making including but not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer data bases and responsemodels, and other relevant sources of information addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA standard
29 CFR 1910.1201. (C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their physical and chemical properties, the likely behavior of the hazardous substance and its container,the types of hazardous substance transportation containers and vehicles involved inthe release, the appropriate strategy for approaching release sites and containing the
release.

(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions consistent withthe local emergency response plan, the organization’s standard operating procedures,
and the current edition of DOT’s ERG including extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.

(E) Review of the principles and practicefor proper selection and use of personal protective equipment.

(F) Review of the principles and practicesof establishing exposure zones, proper decontamination and medical surveillance stations and procedures.

(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Hazardous Materials Technician covered in the National Fire Protection Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous
Materials Incidents.

(4) Hazardous materials specialist.(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).

(B) Hands-on experience with retrieval and
use of written and electronic informationrelative to response decision making including but not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response
Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer data bases and response models, and other relevant sources of information addressing hazardous
substance releases. Familiarization with
OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.

(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their physicaland chemical properties, and the likely behavior of the hazardous substance and its container, vessel, or vehicle.

(D) Review of the principles and practices for identification of the types of hazardous substance transportation containers, vesselsand vehicles involved in the release; selecting and using the various types of equipmentavailable for plugging or patching transportation containers, vessels or vehicles; organizing and directing the use of multiple
teams of hazardous material technicians and


## 419 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.122

selecting the appropriate strategy for approaching release sites and containing or stopping the release.

(E) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response actions consistent withthe local emergency response plan, the organization’s standard operating procedures, including knowledge of the available publicand private response resources, establishment of an incident command post, direction of hazardous material technician teams, and extended emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.

(F) Review of the principles and practicefor proper selection and use of personal protective equipment.

(G) Review of the principles and practicesof establishing exposure zones and proper decontamination, monitoring and medical surveillance stations and procedures.

(H) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.

(I) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Off-site Specialist Employee covered in the National Fire Protection Association’s Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous
Materials Incidents.

(5) Incident commander.
The incident commander is the individual who, at any one time, is responsible for andin control of the response effort. This individual is the person responsible for the direction and coordination of the response effort. An incident commander’s position should be occupied by the most senior, appropriately trained individual present at the response site. Yet, as necessary and appropriate by the level of response provided, the position may be occupied by many individuals during a particular response as the need for greaterauthority, responsibility, or training increases. It is possible for the first responder
at the awareness level to assume the duties
of incident commander until a more senior and appropriately trained individual arrives at the response site.

Therefore, any emergency responder expected to perform as an incident commander should be trained to fulfill the obligations of the position at the level of response they will be providing including the following:

(A) Ability to analyze a hazardous substance incident to determine the magnitude of the response problem.

(B) Ability to plan and implement an appropriate response plan within the capabilities of available personnel and equipment.

(C) Ability to implement a response to favorably change the outcome of the incident
in a manner consistent with the local emergency response plan and the organization’s standard operating procedures. (D) Ability to evaluate the progress of theemergency response to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely, effectively, and efficiently.

(E) Ability to adjust the response plan to the conditions of the response and to notify higher levels of response when required by the changes to the response plan.

[54 FR 9317, Mar. 6, 1989, as amended at 55 FR 14073, Apr. 13, 1990; 56 FR 15832, Apr. 18, 1991; 59 FR 43270, Aug. 22, 1994; 61 FR 9238, Mar. 7, 1996; 67 FR 67964, Nov. 7, 2002; 71 FR 16672, Apr. 3, 2006; 76 FR 80738, Dec. 27, 2011; 77 FR 17776, Mar. 26, 2012; 78 FR 9313, Feb. 8, 2013]



### § 1910.121 [Reserved]

D IPPING AND 

### C OATING 

### O PERATIONS

S OURCE : 64 FR 13909, Mar. 23, 1999, unless
otherwise noted.



### § 1910.122 Table of contents.

This section lists the paragraph headings contained in §§1910.123 through 1910.126.

§1910.123 Dipping and coating operations: Coverage and definitions.

(a) Does this rule apply to me? (b) What operations are covered? (c) What operations are not covered? (d) How are terms used in §§1910.123 through 1910.126 defined?

§1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating operations.

(a) What construction requirements apply to dip tanks?

(b) What ventilation requirements apply to vapor areas?

(c) What requirements must I follow to recirculate exhaust air into the workplace?

(d) What must I do when I use an exhaust
hood?

(e) What requirements must I follow when an employee enters a dip tank?

(f) What first-aid procedures must my employees know?

(g) What hygiene facilities must I provide? (h) What treatment and first aid must I provide?

(i) What must I do before an employee cleans a dip tank?

(j) What must I do to inspect and maintain my dipping or coating operation?

§1910.125 Additional requirements for dipping

and coating operations that use flammable or combustible liquids.

(a) What type of construction material must be used in making my dip tank?

(b) When must I provide overflow piping? (c) When must I provide a bottom drain?