SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 

SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 

ANNUAL AIR QUALITY MONITORING 

NETWORK PLAN 

July, 2014 

Prepared by 

Rene M. Bermudez 

Principal Air Quality Instrument Specialist 

Andrea Polidori Ph. D 

Quality Assurance Manager 

Jason Low Ph. D 

Atmospheric Measurements Manager
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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Table of Contents

 

 Page

Introduction 1 

Public Comments 1 

Network Design 1 

Special Programs 19 

Recent or Proposed Modifications to Network 22 

Minimum Monitoring Requirements 

Data Submittal and Archiving Requirements 

37 

44 

 

Appendix A: Network Depiction Maps 

• Ozone Monitoring Locations A-1 

• PM10 Monitoring Locations A-2 

• Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Locations A-3 

• Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Locations A-4 

• Sulfur Dioxide Monitoring Locations A-5 

• Source and Ambient Lead Monitoring Locations A-6 

• PAMS Monitoring Locations A-7 

• PM2.5 Monitoring Locations A-8 

 

Appendix B: Detailed Site Information 

Appendix C: PM2.5 Continuous Monitor Comparability Assessment 

 and Request for Waiver
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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INTRODUCTION 

An annual review of the Air Quality Monitoring Network is required by Federal Regulations as a 

means to identify and report needs for additions, relocations, or terminations of monitoring sites 

or instrumentation. This report describes the network of ambient air quality monitors in the 

jurisdiction of and operated by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). It 

includes a review of actions taken during the 2013-2014 fiscal year and plans for action in the 

year ahead. This plan addresses the requirement for an annual network plan as listed in Title 40, 

Part 58, Section 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR § 58.10). Regulations require 

the report be submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by July 1 of each 

year after a 30 day public comment period.

The SCAQMD staff, along with the California Air Resources Board (CARB), conducted an 

extensive review of the air monitoring sites in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) in late 1980. 

During the review, State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) designations, site type, 

and spatial scales of representativeness were assigned to the criteria pollutants monitored at each 

site. Since that time, the EPA Region IX and CARB staff visited selected sites to confirm 

compliance with applicable siting criteria and related requirements. The most recent site visits 

occurred in 2010 to conduct a comprehensive Technical System Audit (TSA) of the ambient air

monitoring network. Each year, SCAQMD staff conducts an annual review of its air monitoring 

network and submits it to the EPA. The review process focuses on current and future network air 

monitoring strategies and network changes are made in consultation with the EPA and CARB. 

When re-location of monitoring sites is required, site reports are updated in the EPA’s Air 

Quality System (AQS) to document compliance with established siting criteria for the new 

locations. 

Public Comments 

Pursuant to Federal regulations, a draft plan is made available for public inspection and comment 

for a period of 30 days prior to submission of the final plan to EPA. Hard copies of the final 

document are made available on July 1, 2014 at the SCAQMD’s Public Information Desk in 

Diamond Bar, CA. The document is also available on the SCAQMD as of May 19, 2014 in the 

drop down menu under the “Library”, “Clean Air Plans” and “Air Monitoring Network Plan.” 

(http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/clean-air-plans/monitoring-network-plan). The final 

document is submitted to the EPA on July 1, 2014. Public comments and responses are also 

submitted to EPA to fulfill Federal regulatory requirements. 

Network Design 

The SCAQMD operates 38 permanent, monitoring stations, and 4 single-pollutant source impact 

Lead (Pb) air monitoring sites in the SCAB and a portion of the Salton Sea Air Basin in 

Coachella Valley. This area includes Orange County and the non-desert portions of Los 

Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The newest permanent site was added during 

the MATES IV project to monitor Ozone (O3) and continuous PM2.5 for the Long Beach area. 

The newest source Pb sites were added in January 2010 as required by EPA regulation. Table 1 

provides a list of monitoring locations, the EPA AQS site codes, and the pollutants measured at 

each site. Table 2 provides the spatial scale and the site type for each monitor at all sites. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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Table 3 describes the monitoring purpose for the monitors at each site. Table 4 describes the site 

type, spatial scale and monitoring purpose for continuous particulate analyzers at each site. A 

requirement of the annual network plan implemented in 2007, the monitoring purpose is the 

reason why a certain pollutant is being measured at a certain site. 

A list and description of monitoring purposes are provided below and portions are adapted from 

the CARB annual network plan for 2007. 

Background Level monitoring is used to determine general background levels of air 

pollutants as they enter the SCAB. 

High Concentration monitoring is conducted at sites to determine the highest concentration 

of an air pollutant in an area within the monitoring network. A monitoring network may 

have multiple high concentration sites (i.e., due to varying meteorology year to year). 

Pollutant Transport is the movement of pollutant between air basins or areas within an air 

basin. Transport monitoring is used to assess and mitigate upwind areas when transported 

pollutant affects neighboring downwind areas. Also, transport monitoring is used to 

determine the extent of regional pollutant transport among populated areas and to rural 

areas. 

Population Exposure monitoring is conducted to represent the air pollutant concentrations 

that a populated area is exposed to. 

Representative Concentration monitoring is conducted to represent the air quality 

concentrations for a pollutant expected to be similar throughout a geographical area. These 

sites do not necessarily indicate the highest concentrations in the area for a particular 

pollutant. 

Source Impact monitoring is used to determine the impact of significant sources or source 

categories of air quality emissions on ambient air quality. The air pollutant sources may be 

stationary or mobile. 

Trend Analysis monitoring is useful for comparing and analyzing air pollution 

concentrations over time. Usually, trend analyses can be used to assess the progress in 

improving air quality for an area over a period of many years. 

Site Comparison monitoring is used to assess the effect on measured pollutant levels of 

moving a monitoring location a short distance (usually less than two miles). Some 

monitoring stations become no longer usable due to development, change of lease terms, or 

eviction. In these cases, attempts are made to conduct concurrent monitoring at the old and 

new site for a period of at least one year in order to compare pollutant concentrations. 

Real Time Reporting/Modeling is used to provide data to EPA’s AIRNOW system which 

reports conditions for air pollutants on a real time basis to the general public. Data is also 

used to provide accurate and timely air quality forecast guidance to residents of the SCAB. 
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Multiple purposes for measuring a pollutant at a particular site are possible. There is some 

overlap between site type and monitoring purposes as defined by EPA and given in Tables 2, 3, 

and 4. 
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TABLE 1. List of Monitoring Sites 

Location AQS No. Pollutants Monitored Start 

Date 

1 Anaheim 060590007 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5 08/01 

2 Anaheim Near Road 060590008 NO2 1/14 

3 ATSF (Exide) 060371406 Pb 01/99 

4 Azusa 060370002 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5,SO4 01/57 

5 Banning Airport 060650012 NO2,O3,PM10, PM2.5 04/97 

6 Big Bear 060718001 PM2.5 02/99 

7 Burbank 060371002 CO,NO2,SO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5 10/61 

8 Closet World (Quemetco) 060371404 Pb 10/08 

9 Compton 060371302 CO,NO2,O3,Pb,PM2.5 01/04 

10 Costa Mesa 060591003 CO,NO2,SO2,O3 11/89 

11 Crestline 060710005 O3,PM10 10/73 

12 Fontana 060712002 CO,NO2,SO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5,SO4 08/81 

13 Glendora 060370016 CO,NO2,O3,PM2.5,PM10 08/80 

14 Indio 060652002 O3,PM10,PM2.5 01/83 

15 La Habra 060595001 CO,NO2,O3 08/60 

16 Lake Elsinore 060659001 CO,NO2,O3,PM2.5,PM10 06/87 

17 LAX Hastings 060375005 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,Pb,SO4 04/04 

18 Long Beach (Hudson) 060374006 CO, NO2,SO2,O3,PM10 1/10 

19 Long Beach (North) 1 060374002 PM2.5 10/62 

20 Los Angeles (Main St.) 060371103 CO,NO2,SO2,O3,PM10,Pb,PM2.5,SO4 09/79 

21 Mira Loma (Van Buren) 060658005 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5 11/05 

22 Mission Viejo 060592022 CO,O3,PM10,PM2.5 06/99 

23 Norco 060650003 PM10 12/80 

24 Ontario Fire Station 060710025 PM10,PM2.5 01/99 

25 Ontario Near Road Unavailable NO2 6/14 

26 Palm Springs 060655001 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5 04/71 

27 Pasadena 060372005 CO,NO2,O3,PM2.5,SO4 04/82 

28 Perris 060656001 O3,PM10 05/73 

29 Pico Rivera #2 060371602 CO,NO2,O3,Pb,PM2.5,SO4,PM10 09/05 

30 Pomona 060371701 CO,NO2,O3 06/65 

31 Redlands 060714003 O3,PM10 09/86 

32 Rehrig (Exide) 060371405 Pb 11/07 

33 Reseda 060371201 CO,NO2,O3,PM2.5 03/65 

34 Riverside (Magnolia) 060651003 CO,NO2,Pb,PM10,PM2.5,SO4 10/72 

35 Rubidoux 060658001 CO,NO2,SO2,O3,PM10,Pb,PM2.5,SO4 09/72 

36 San Bernardino 060719004 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,Pb,PM2.5 05/86 

37 Santa Clarita 060376012 CO,NO2,O3,PM10,PM2.5 05/01 

38 South Long Beach 060374004 PM10,Pb,PM2.5,SO4 06/03 

39 Temecula 060650016 O3, PM2.5 06/10 

40 Uddelholm (Trojan Battery) 060371403 Pb 11/92 

41 Upland 060711004 CO,NO2,O3,Pb,PM2.5,PM10,SO4 03/73 

42 West Los Angeles 060370113 CO,NO2,O3,SO4 05/84 1

 Some pollutants were discontinued at Long Beach (North) on 9/30/2013 due to termination of lease.
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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TABLE 2. FRM/FEM Criteria Pollutant Spatial Scales and Site Type 

SPATIAL SCALE SITE TYPE 

MI – Microscale HC – Highest Concentration 

MS – Middle Scale PE – Population Exposure 

NS – Neighborhood Scale IM – Source Oriented (Impact) 

US – Urban Scale BK – General Background 

Location CO NO2 SO2 O3 Manual 

PM10 

Manual 

PM2.5 

Pb 

Anaheim NS/PE US/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Anaheim Near Road MI/HC 

ATSF (Exide) MI/IM 

Azusa NS/PE US/PE US/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Banning Airport NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Big Bear NS/PE 

Burbank NS/HC NS/PE NS/PE US/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Closet World (Quemetco) MI/IM 

Compton MS/HC MS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Costa Mesa NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Crestline NS/HC NS/PE 

Fontana NS/PE US/PE NS/PE US/PE NS/HC NS/PE 

Glendora NS/PE NS/PE NS/HC 

Indio NS/PE NS/HC NS/PE 

La Habra NS/PE US/PE NS/PE 

Lake Elsinore NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

LAX Hastings MS/PE/BK MS/PE/BK NS/PE/BK NS/PE/BK NS/PE/BK NS/PE/BK 

Long Beach (Hudson) NS/HC NS/PE NS/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Long Beach (North) 1 NS/HC 

Los Angeles (Main St.) NS/PE NS/HC NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/HC NS/PE 

Mira Loma (Van Buren) NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/HC NS/HC 

Mission Viejo NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Norco NS/PE 

Ontario Fire Station NS/HC NS/PE 

Ontario Etiwanda Near Road MI/HC 

Palm Springs NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

Pasadena MS/PE MS/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Perris NS/PE NS/PE 

Pico Rivera #2 NS/PE NS/HC NS/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Pomona MI/PE MS/PE NS/HC 

Redlands NS/PE NS/PE 

Rehrig (Exide) MI/IM 

Reseda NS/PE US/PE US/HC NS/PE 

Riverside MI/HC US/PE NS/HC MI/HC 

Rubidoux NS/PE US/PE NS/PE US/HC NS/HC NS/HC NS/PE 

San Bernardino MS/PE US/PE NS/HC NS/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

Santa Clarita NS/PE NS/PE US/HC NS/PE NS/PE 

South Long Beach NS/HC NS/HC NS/HC 

Temecula NS/HC 

Uddelholm (Trojan Battery) MI/IM 

Upland NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE NS/PE 

West Los Angeles NS/PE MS/HC NS/PE 

1

 Some pollutants were discontinued at Long Beach (North) on 9/30/2013 due to termination of lease.
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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TABLE 3. FRM/FEM Criteria Pollutant Monitoring Purposes 

MONITORING PURPOSE

BK – Background RC – Representative Concentration 

HC – High Concentration RM – Real-Time Reporting/Modeling 

TP – Pollutant Transport TR – Trend Analysis 

EX – Population Exposure CP – Site Comparisons 

SO – Source Impact CO - Collocated 

Location CO NO2 SO2 O3 Manual 

PM10 

Manual 

PM2.5 Pb 

Anaheim TR TR/RC TR TR/RC TR/EX

Anaheim Near Road EX/HC 

ATSF (Exide) SO 

Azusa TR TR/RC TR TR TR/EX 

Banning Airport TP/RC TP TP 

Big Bear EX/SO/TP 

Closet World (Quemetco) SO 

Burbank TR TR/RC TR TR TR/RC TR/EX 

Compton TR/HC TR/RC TR/RC EX/RC EX 

Costa Mesa RC TR/RC TR RC 

Crestline HC TP/RC 

Fontana RC TP/RC TR RC HC EX/TP 

Glendora RC TR/RC HC 

Indio TP HC/CO TP/EX 

La Habra RC TR/RC RC 

Lake Elsinore TP/RC TP/RC TP/RC 

LAX Hastings BK BK BK BK BK BK 

Long Beach (Hudson) TR TR/RC TR/HC TR TR/RC 

Long Beach (North) 1 EX/HC 

Los Angeles (Main St.) SO/RC SO/HC TR TR/RC TR/RC/CO EX/HC/CO EX/CO 

Mira Loma (Van Buren) TR/RC TR/RC TR/HC HC EX/HC/CO 

Mission Viejo RC TR/RC TR/RC EX/RC 

Norco TR/RC 

Ontario Fire Station HC/CO EX/RC 

Ontario Etiwanda Near Road EX/HC 

Palm Springs TP/RC TP/RC TP TP/HC EX/TP 

Pasadena TR/RC TR/HC TR/RC EX/RC 

Perris TP TR 

Pico Rivera #2 RC HC HC EX/RC EX 

Pomona RC RC HC 

Redlands TP/RC TP/RC 

Rehrig (Exide) SO/CO 

Reseda RC TR/RC HC EX/RC 

Riverside HC TR/RC EX/HC EX/CO 

Rubidoux TR/RC TR/RC TR TR/HC TR/HC/CO EX/TR/HC/CO EX 

San Bernardino TR/RC TP/RC TR/HC TR/HC EX/TR EX 

Santa Clarita RC TP/RC TP/HC RC EX/RC 

South Long Beach HC EX/SO EX 

Uddelholm (Trojan Battery) SO 

Temecula TR/HC 

Upland RC TR/RC TR/RC EX 

West Los Angeles RC TR/HC RC 1

 Some pollutants were discontinued at Long Beach (North) on 9/30/2013 due to termination of lease.
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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TABLE 4. Continuous PM10/PM2.5 Monitoring Purpose, Site Type and Spatial Scales 

SITE TYPE SPATIAL SCALE INSTRUMENT TYPE

 

HC – High Concentration MI – Microscale TEOM 

PE – Population Exposure NS – Neighborhood Scale BAM (NON-FEM) 

BK - Background BAM (FEM) 

 

 MONITORING PURPOSE 

 

SO – Source Impact RM – Real-Time Reporting/Modeling 

TP – Pollutant Transport SPM – Special Purpose Monitoring 

TR – Trend Analysis CO - Collocated 

 

Location Continuous PM10 Continuous PM2.5 PM10 – 2.5 

Type Purpose Site 

Type Scale Type Purpose Site Type Scale Operational 

Anaheim BAM/FEM RM/TR PE NS BAM/FEM RM/TR PE NS 

Banning 

Airport BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Burbank TEOM/FEM RM/TR PE NS BAM/FEM RM/TR PE NS 

Crestline BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Glendora BAM/FEM RM PE NS BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Indio TEOM/FEM RM HC NS 

Lake Elsinore TEOM/FEM RM PE NS BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Long Beach 

(North) 1 

Los Angeles

(Main St.) BAM/FEM RM/TR PE NS BAM/FEM RM HC NS Yes 

Mira Loma 

(Van Buren) BAM/FEM RM HC NS BAM/FEM RM HC NS 

Palm Springs TEOM/FEM RM/TP HC NS 

Reseda BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Riverside BAM/FEM RM HC NS BAM/NON-FEM RM HC NS 

Rubidoux TEOM/FEM RM/TR HC NS BAM/FEM & 

NON-FEM RM/TR/CO HC NS Yes 

San 

Bernardino TEOM/FEM RM/TR HC NS 

Santa Clarita BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

South Long 

Beach BAM/FEM RM/SO PE NS 

Temecula BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 

Upland BAM/FEM RM PE NS BAM/NON-FEM RM PE NS 1

 Some pollutants were discontinued at Long Beach (North) on 9/30/2013 due to termination of lease
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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A brief description of the criteria pollutant and program monitoring networks are provided 

below: 

OZONE (O3) 

The SCAQMD operates 30 sites where O3 measurements are made as part of the Air 

Monitoring Network. O3 sites are spread throughout the SCAB with highest 

concentrations measured inland. Figure 1 in Appendix A shows the spatial distribution of 

these sites and Table 16 shows the minimum monitoring requirements. 

PM10 

Size-selective inlet manual high volume samplers are operated at 21 sites to meet the 

requirements for PM10 Federal Reference Method (FRM) sampling. The PM10 

monitoring network contains one site within 25% of the Federal NAAQS at Indio, as 

shown in the 2012 Air Quality Data Table (http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/air-qualitydata-studies/historical-data-by-year), Figure 9. The Indio, Rubidoux, and Ontario sites are 

designated PM10 collocated as shown in Table 24. All PM10 FRM monitors operate on 

a one day in six day schedule, with the exception of Indio and Rubidoux which operate on 

one day in three day schedule. The Indio and Los Angeles (Main) sites are shown as 

design value sites in Table 18. Based upon the design values, the Indio site meets the 

minimum sampling schedule requirement as does the Los Angeles (Main) site. The 

remaining sites meet or exceed the minimum 6 day sample schedule requirement. 

PM10 continuous analyzers are operated at 12 sampling sites. These real-time devices are 

capable of making hourly particulate concentration measurements. Table 4 describes the 

monitor type, site type, monitoring purpose, and spatial scale for continuous particulate 

analyzers. Figure 2 in Appendix A shows the spatial distribution of the sampling sites and 

Table 18 shows the minimum monitoring requirements. Real-time monitors, for the most 

part, are clustered in the high concentration areas, with two located in the desert area where 

wind-blown crustal material has caused exceedances of the twenty-four hour standard 

during exceptional events. In downwind areas of the SCAB, a large fraction of particulate 

is formed in the atmosphere; PM10 reaches maximum levels during late summer through 

early winter months. 

Where both 24 hour PM10 FRM samplers and PM10 FEM continuous analyzers are 

deployed together, they are sited as collocated for data comparison purposes. The 24 hour 

FRM PM10 sampler remains the primary analyzer used for attainment purposes. 

PM10-2.5 

PM10-2.5 (PM Coarse) is required at NCore sites only and is derived from the continuous 

BAM PM10 and PM2.5 particulate monitors at those sites. The Purpose, Site Type and 

Scale are similar to the continuous PM10 and PM2.5 instruments from which data is 

calculated. PM Coarse is currently measured at the Los Angeles (Main St.) and Rubidoux 

sites and is shown in Table 4. 
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NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) 

The area wide NO2 network consists of 25 sites. These sites are mostly located in areas of 

highest NO2 concentration. The Near Road monitoring network consists of two sites 

which began in 2014 and two additional to begin January 1, 2015 which are located 

adjacent to the most heavily traveled roadways identified in the basin. The spatial 

distribution of NO2 monitors is shown in Figure 3 in Appendix A and minimum 

monitoring requirements are shown in Table 19. Additionally, the Regional Administrator 

identified 40 NO2 sites nationwide with a primary focus on siting these monitors in 

locations to protect susceptible and vulnerable populations. The Regional Administrator in 

collaboration with SCAQMD indentified the Los Angeles (Main), Long Beach (North) and 

San Bernardino sites from the existing area-wide monitoring network to meet this 

requirement (58.10[a][5]). Review of 1992 through 2012 NO2 data shows the State and 

Federal standards for NO2 were not exceeded. The Long Beach (North) site NO2 was 

closed on 9/30/2013 due to termination of the lease by owner. SCAQMD is in the process 

of identifying a new monitoring location and potential consolidation with nearby sites. 

On February 9, 2010 EPA promulgated new minimum monitoring requirements for NO2 

which require state and local agencies to install near road monitoring sites. On March 7, 

2013 EPA revised the Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide Requirements postponing initial near 

road monitoring site implementation until January 1, 2014 and additional site 

implementation until January 1, 2015. The plan for the near road network is detailed in the 

section titled, “Recent or Proposed Modifications to Network.” 

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) 

Area wide CO monitors measure concentrations at 22 locations and microscale 

measurements are taken at 3 locations within the SCAQMD ambient air monitoring 

network. Figure 4 in Appendix A shows the spatial distribution of these sites. CO 

emissions, primarily from motor vehicles, show a pattern consistent with major freeway 

arteries. A review of data for 2013 shows State and Federal standards for CO were not 

exceeded. 

On August 31, 2011 EPA issued the Final Rule for the Review of National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards for CO. EPA revised the minimum requirements for CO monitoring by 

requiring CO monitors to be sited near roads in certain urban areas. EPA requires the 

collocation of one CO monitor with a near road NO2 monitor in urban areas having 

populations of 1 million or more. EPA is specifying that required monitors in Core Based 

Statistical Areas (CBSA) of 2.5 million or more persons be operational by January 1, 2015. 

One near road CO monitoring site is required in each of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa 

Ana MSA\CBSA (Code 31100) and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA 

(Code 40140) areas. Near road CO monitoring is to be implemented concurrently with the 

near road NO2 monitoring. The minimum monitoring requirements are shown in Table 

21. The plan for the near road network is detailed in the section titled, “Recent or 

Proposed Modifications to Network.” 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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CBSA Population Estimate NEI SO2 Emmissions PWEI Value Minimum Required SO2

31080 13,131,431 12,062.81 158,402 2

40140 4,380,878 2,316.73 10,149 1

SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) 

SO2 monitors are located at 7 sites. Figure 5 in Appendix A shows the spatial distribution 

of the sites. Most SO2 emissions come from Federal transportation sources such as marine 

vessels. The monitors are clustered mostly in the areas where these sources are located. 

On June 22, 2010 EPA strengthened the SO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standard 

(NAAQS). Network design requirements included new minimum requirements be 

determined by the Population Weighted Emissions Index (PWEI). 

The PWEI shall be calculated by States for each CBSA they contain or share with 

another State or States for use in the implementation of or adjustment to the SO2 

monitoring network. The PWEI shall be calculated by multiplying the population 

of each CBSA, using the most current census data or estimates, and the total 

amount of SO2 in tons per year emitted within the CBSA area, using an aggregate 

of the most recent county level emissions data available in the National Emissions 

Inventory (NEI) for each county in each CBSA. The resulting product shall be 

divided by one million, providing a PWEI value, the units of which are million 

persons-tons per year. For any CBSA with a calculated PWEI value equal to or 

greater than 1,000,000, a minimum of three SO2 monitors are required within that 

CBSA. For any CBSA with a calculated PWEI value equal to or greater than 

100,000, but less than 1,000,000, a minimum of two SO2 monitors are required 

within that CBSA and for any CBSA with a calculated PWEI value equal to or 

greater than 5,000, but less than 100,000, a minimum of one SO2 monitor is 

required within that CBSA. 

TABLE 5. PWEI Calculation and Minimum Required SO2 

SCAQMD exceeds the minimum requirement for SO2 monitors; the Federal standard has 

not been exceeded for nearly 33 years. 

PARTICULATE LEAD 

Total Suspected Particulate (TSP) Pb measurements are collected at 13 sites as part of the 

network; 4 of the sites are Source Impact for Pb, and the remaining 9 sites measure 

ambient Pb and selected ions such as sulfates (SO4). 

In 1990, the EPA requested that the SCAQMD collect ambient air particulate samples near 

several large Pb handling (battery recycling) facilities. Long-term source impacted 

monitoring began in 1991. A facility in the City of Industry exceeded the Federal ambient 

particulate Pb standard during the second quarter of Fiscal Year 1991-92. Pb monitoring at 

a facility in the City of Torrance ended in 1993 when measurements were consistently 

below the ambient standard. Sampling ended at a facility in the City of Commerce in 2006 

when the business was closed. Out of the two facilities currently being monitored, the 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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facility in the City of Vernon exceeded the old Federal ambient particulate Pb standard (1.5 

ug/m3 quarterly) during the first quarter of 2008; the other facility was found to remain 

below this level. 

The Rehrig (Exide) microscale site measures the highest Pb concentrations in the 

monitoring network. Upon review of data (2010-2012) Rehrig (Exide) Pb monitoring site 

measured 0.46 ug/m3 as a 3 month rolling average. The Rehrig (Exide) monitoring 

location has been designated as a collocated monitoring location for the source oriented Pb 

monitoring network along with the Los Angeles, and Riverside sites. Collocation 

requirements are shown in Table 24. Previously, the Long Beach (North) site was 

designated as a collocated site for Pb but on 9/30/2013 the lease was terminated at the 

owners request. The SCAQMD continues to exceed the minimum monitoring 

requirements with the closure of the Long Beach (North) Pb site. The spatial distribution 

of these sites is shown in Figure 6 in Appendix A. 

On November 12, 2008, the EPA issued final revisions to the NAAQS for Pb. Network 

design requirements included monitoring for sources of Pb (source oriented monitoring) 

and urban Pb monitoring (non-source oriented). To meet this requirement, a source 

oriented site was established on January 1, 2010 at the Van Nuys Airport and monitoring 

continues at the sites surrounding the Exide (Vernon), Quemetco (Industry), and the Trojan 

Battery facilities. Existing urban Pb monitoring conducted at Compton, LAX Hastings, 

Los Angeles (Main), Pico Rivera, Riverside Magnolia, Rubidoux, San Bernardino, South 

Long Beach, and Upland exceed the minimum monitoring requirements. 

The final rule for Pb went into effect on January 26, 2011. In the final rule the Van Nuys 

Airport was no longer included on the list of airports where Pb monitoring was required, 

and a more recent emissions inventory showed Pb emissions less than 1 ton per year. The 

landowner advised SCAQMD the lease would not be renewed at the end of the three year 

contract period. Data review from the Van Nuys Airport Pb site showed no exceedances of 

the three month rolling average during the monitoring period. In consultation EPA the site 

was discontinued on June 4, 2013 based upon conditions cited in 40 CFR 58 Appendix D 

4.5. Official notification of site closure for Van Nuys is to be submitted to EPA separately 

from the ANP. 

Previous NEI data (2008) showed the Long Beach Airport, Daugherty Field just over the 

requirement for Pb source monitoring at 1.02528004 tpy. Since then, the most recent data 

published (NEI 2011, http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/net/2011inventory.html) indicates Pb 

emissions have dropped below the requirement for Pb source monitoring at 0.80 tpy. As 

part of the MATES IV program, SCAQMD plans to conduct a preliminary study to 

determine the need for long term Pb source monitoring at the Long Beach Airport. A 

determination will be made in consultation with EPA Region IX on the need for long term 

monitoring at the time of the 5 year network assessment in 2015. 

Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations 

The Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) network was initiated in 

June 1994 at Pico Rivera and Upland. During 1995 sites were established at Banning and 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

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Azusa to determine speciated hydrocarbon O3 precursor compounds in ambient air. 

PAMS monitoring at Hawthorne commenced in June 1997 and the Burbank station 

became a PAMS site in July 1997. In May 2001, the Santa Clarita location was 

established as a PAMS site. In April 2004, the Hawthorne site was replaced by LAX 

Hastings, due to the end of a property lease. In August 2005, the Pico Rivera station 

moved to a new location one half mile south of the previous site, also due to the end of the 

property lease. 

On October 17, 2006, the EPA issued final amendments to PAMS monitoring 

requirements in 40 CFR § 58. The changes made to the rule were to implement 

recommendations made by the PAMS workgroup formed to assess the program. The 

workgroup recommended changes be made to site type and monitoring objectives. During 

September 2008, a report from the EPA PAMS network assessment project workgroup was 

issued. The objectives of the workgroup were to assess how well the current PAMS 

network was meeting monitoring objectives, determine which sites are most useful for 

meeting objectives, identify potentially redundant, ineffective, or unnecessary sites, and to 

assess other enhanced O3 monitoring activities that may prove useful. 

 

To address regulatory changes, site-specific observations from the PAMS network 

assessment project, and potential synergies between programs, SCAQMD made the 

following changes in June 2009 to the PAMS monitoring network: 

 Burbank was reclassified from Type 2/1 to Type 2. This change addressed the 

National PAMS Network Assessment observation that Burbank should be reclassified 

to a Type 2 precursor site. The recommendation is consistent with the heavily 

urbanized/industrialized area, which is impacted by high levels of O3 precursor 

emissions. 

 Santa Clarita was reclassified as Type 3 from Type 2. Although the National PAMS 

Network Assessment observed that Santa Clarita was consistent with a Type 2 site, 

recent data was more consistent with a Type 3 maximum O3 concentration site rather 

than a Type 2 O3 precursor site. 

 Banning was relocated to Los Angeles (Main). The National PAMS Network 

Assessment observed that Banning had the lowest O3 concentrations of all the Type 2 

sites and should be reclassified to a Type 3 or 4 site. Instead, to create synergies 

between programs, SCAQMD relocated the Banning PAMS site to the Los Angeles 

(Main) site as Type 2. This satisfies the EPA recommendation for use of the same 

monitoring platform and equipment to meet the objectives of multiple programs. Los 

Angeles (Main) is also a National Air Toxics Trends Station (NATTS), a 

National Core-Multi-pollutant Monitoring Station (NCore), and a Speciation Trends 

Network (STN) site. 

 Azusa was reclassified from Type 3 to Type 2. This proposed change addresses the 

National PAMS Network Assessment observation that Azusa has high Volatile 

Organic Compounds (VOC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) concentrations, with 

lower O3 concentrations. The site now more closely resembles a Type 2 O3 

precursor site. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

13 

 Upland was relocated to the Rubidoux site. The National PAMS Network 

Assessment observed that Upland was no longer consistent with a Type 4 site and 

recommended reclassification to Type 3. SCAQMD relocated the Upland PAMS site 

to Rubidoux as a Type 3 location where synergies can be created among the NATTS, 

NCore, and the STN programs. 

 LAX Hastings and Pico Rivera remained unchanged. 

Currently, manual VOC canisters are in operation at the Azusa, LAX Hastings, Rubidoux, 

Los Angeles (Main), and Santa Clarita air monitoring stations. During the intensive season 

from July 1 until September 30, VOC canisters are run every three hours for a period of 

twenty-four hours every 3rd day and a twenty-four hour sample is run every 6th day. 

During the non-intensive season from October 1 through June 30, twenty-four hour VOC 

canister samples are run every 6th day. 

At Los Angeles (Main) and Santa Clarita air monitoring stations, during the intensive 

season from July 1 until September 30, carbonyl samples are run every three hours for a 

period of twenty-four hours every 3rd day and a twenty-four hour sample is run every 6th 

day. During the non-intensive season from October 1 through June 30, twenty-four hour 

carbonyl samples are run every 6th day. 

Automated Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC\FID) VOC systems are in 

operation at the Pico Rivera and Burbank air monitoring stations. During the intensive 

sampling season from July 1 until September 30, the GC\FID is run to collect daily 3-hour 

samples and twenty-four hour VOC canisters are run every 6th day. Like the other PAMS 

sites, carbonyl samples are run every three hours with one additional twenty-four hour 

sample run every 6th day. During the non-intensive season from October 1 through June 

30, the GC/FID is idle and twenty-four hour VOC canister samples are run every 6th day 

and twenty-four hour carbonyl samples are run every 6th day. Rubidoux is a collocated 

site for VOC canister sampling and Pico Rivera is a collocated site for VOC canister and 

carbonyl sampling. 

During April 2010, a system audit was conducted by the EPA, which assessed the 

SCAQMD NATTS/PAMS programs. The audit found no major issues with the operation 

of the network but recommended implementation of blanking and low level concentration 

challenge samples for the NATTS and PAMS programs. Blanking was implemented in 

June, 2010 and low level challenge samples were implemented during October, 2010 and 

are completed annually. 

The first SCAQMD upper air meteorological monitoring station was established at Los 

Angeles International Airport (LAX) in 1994. Subsequent upper air stations include 

Ontario International Airport (ONT) installed in 1996, Moreno Valley (MOV) installed in 

2001 at the Moreno Valley Municipal Water Treatment Plant in Riverside County, Irvine 

(IRV) installed at the University of California Research and Extension Center in 2006, and 

Pacoima at Whiteman Airport (WHP) installed during May of 2007. The upper air 

stations use a combination of remote sensing and surface meteorological instrumentation, 

including the Scintec (formerly Radian/URS and Vaisala) LAP-3000 radar wind profiler 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

14 

with a Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS), the Atmospheric Systems Corporation 

(formerly AeroVironment Inc.) mini Sodar acoustic wind profiler, and tower-mounted 

meteorological measurements of wind, pressure, temperature, relative humidity, solar 

radiation, and ultraviolet radiation. Due to the age of the LAX upper air instrumentation 

and costly component failures, SCAQMD has replaced the LAX radar wind profiler 

instrumentation with that from Whiteman Airport. Surface meteorology and mini-Sodar 

instruments are still operational at the Whiteman Airport upper air station. 

The PAMS network monitoring objectives and requirements are summarized in Table 6, 

Table 23 and Figure 7 in Appendix A shows the distribution of the PAMS network. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

15 

TABLE 6. PAMS Network 

July 1 to September 30 October 1 to June 30 

Site 

Type 

Date 

Established as 

PAMS 

Site / AQS ID# VOC Carbonyl VOC Carbon

1 04/01/2004 

LAX Hastings (replaced Hawthorne) 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd

day and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

No Sampling 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day No Samplin

2 06/01/1995 Azusa 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd

day and 1 x 24 hour sample every 6th day 

No Sampling 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day No Samplin

2 07/01/1997 Burbank 

Continuous GC and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th

day 

8 x 3 hr samples every day and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr saevery 6th da

2 06/01/2009 Los Angeles (Main) 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd

day and 1 x 24 hour sample every 6th day 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd day and 1 x 24 hr 

sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr saevery 6th da

2 08/01/2005 Pico Rivera #2 

Continuous GC and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th

day 

8 x 3 hr samples every day and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr saevery 6th da

3 06/09/2009 Rubidoux 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd

day and 1 x 24 hour sample every 6th day 

No Sampling 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day No Samplin

3 05/01/2001 Santa Clarita 

8 x 3 hr samples every 3rd

day and 1 x 24 hour sample every 6th day 

8 x 3 hr samples 3rd day 

and 1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr sample every 6th day 

1 x 24 hr saevery 6th da

MONITORING OBJECTIVES: MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: REDUCED REQUIREME

1 – Upwind and background characterization site One type 1 or type 3 site required per area Speciated VOC only requir(type 1 or 3) 2 – Maximum O3 precursor emissions impact site One type 2 site required per area Carbonyl only required in aor above 8 hr zone 3 – Maximum O3 concentration site No type 4 required NO/NOx required only at t4 – Extreme downwind monitoring site NOy required at one site pe
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

16 

PM2.5 

A network of 17 FRM samplers was first implemented in January 1999. On December 26, 

1999, a second Coachella Valley PM2.5 sampling site was established in Palm Springs. 

On June 20, 2003, PM2.5 sampling began at the South Long Beach site. The final addition 

to the PM2.5 FRM network occurred in October 2005, at the new Mira Loma site. This 

brings the total number of PM2.5 FRM sampling sites to 20. The sites are depicted in 

Figure 8, Appendix A and the starting date of each sampler is listed in Table 7. In March 

2012, a change was made relocating the collocated PM2.5 monitor from Indio to the Mira 

Loma (Van Buren) site. This change was made following approval from EPA. Collocated 

sampling sites include Rubidoux, Central Los Angeles, and Mira Loma (Van Buren). Of 

the collocated sites, all three are located at sites which exceed Federal NAAQS as shown in 

Figure 9, and Appendix A, 2012 Air Quality Data Table 

(http://www.aqmd.gov/home/library/air-quality-data-studies/historical-data-by-year). 

Manual PM2.5 monitors are neighborhood scale and population exposure representing 

community wide air quality and multiple sites are listed as population exposure. Because 

all of SCAQMD is in non-attainment for PM2.5, most of the sites are in areas of poor air 

quality therefore multiple sites are listed as population exposure and high concentration. If 

a PM2.5 network modification were to be implemented for a site that was in exceedence of 

the PM2.5 NAAQS levels, SCAQMD would notify US EPA Region IX via written 

communication. Public notice of network modifications occurs as part of the annual 

network plan process which is stated in the annual network plan. All sites in the Network 

using FRM samplers are suitable for comparison against the annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 

During April 2009, SCAQMD completed minor changes to the FRM monitoring schedule 

to enhance Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) 

comparisons. On April, 16th, 2009 the Burbank and Mira Loma (Van Buren) FRM 

samplers changed to daily sampling from the 1-in-3 day schedule and the Azusa location 

changed from every day sampling to 1-in-3 day sampling. Daily design value sites are 

shown in Table 17a as the Burbank and Mira Loma sites. These sites meet the minimum 

daily monitoring requirement and exceed the minimum NCore 1 in 3 requirement at the 

Rubidoux and Los Angeles (Main) sites. The remaining sites adhere to the 1 in 3 schedule 

with the exception of Big Bear which was approved at the inception of the PM2.5 program 

as a 1 in 6 site. The Federal minimum monitoring requirements for PM2.5 are being met 

and/or exceeded by the SCAQMD PM2.5 monitoring network. 

On January 15, 2013 EPA issued the Final Rule for the Review of National Ambient Air 

Quality Standards for Particulate Matter. EPA revised the minimum requirements for PM2.5 

monitoring by requiring PM2.5 monitors to be sited near roads in certain urban areas. EPA 

requires the collocation of one PM2.5 monitor with a near road NO2 monitor in urban areas 

having populations of 1 million or more. EPA is specifying that required monitors in Core 

Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) of 2.5 million or more persons be operational by January 1, 

2015. 

One near road PM2.5 monitoring site is required in each of the Los Angeles-Long BeachSanta Ana MSA\CBSA (Code 31100) and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario 

MSA\CBSA (Code 40140) areas. Near road PM2.5 monitoring is to be implemented 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

17 

concurrently with the near road NO2 monitoring. The plan for the near road network is 

detailed in the section titled, “Recent or Proposed Modifications to Network.” 

 

Continuous PM2.5 Met One BAMs were first deployed in fiscal year 2001–02. Seventeen 

monitors are now operating in the SCAB, two at Rubidoux (FEM & Non FEM BAM), and 

one each at Anaheim, Los Angeles, South Long Beach, Burbank, Mira Loma (Van Buren), 

and Banning sites. In January 2006, two additional samplers were added at Lake Elsinore 

and Glendora as part of the Children’s Health Study. As proposed in the 2008 network 

plan, FEM BAM monitors were deployed during October 2008, at the Anaheim, Burbank, 

Long Beach (North), Los Angeles (Main), Mira Loma (Van Buren), Rubidoux, and South 

Long Beach sites. Relocated NON-FEM BAM samplers were installed at Reseda, 

Riverside Magnolia, Santa Clarita, Crestline, and Upland. A NON-FEM BAM was 

collocated with a FEM BAM at Rubidoux. An additional NON-FEM BAM sampler was 

deployed at Temecula during July, 2010. In 2011, all FEM BAMs have been reclassified 

from special purpose monitors to SLAMS under 40 CFR § 58.20. In 2013, SCAQMD 

conducted a PM2.5 Continuous Monitor Comparability Assessment in accordance with the 

PM NAAQS rule published on January 15th, 2013 (78 FR 3086). Specific to the provisions 

detailed in §58.10 (b)(13) and §58.11 (e), the assessment results indicate that all of the 

SCAQMD PM2.5 Continuous Monitors do not meet the criteria to be compared against the 

NAAQS. Thus, SCAQMD requested a waiver to exclude PM2.5 continuous monitor data 

from NAAQS comparison. Meanwhile, SCAQMD is conducting comparison studies of 

newer technology to determine their ability to meet the criteria to be compared against the 

NAAQS. At such time when the assessment indicates that the FEM monitors are within 

the acceptance criteria, then U.S. EPA will be notified of the results and the AQS 

parameters will be changed to indicate that the data will be eligible for comparison to the 

NAAQS upon U.S. EPA approval. 

Coarse particulate matter measurements (PM10-2.5) are required at NCore sites. To meet 

this requirement SCAQMD measures this value utilizing the continuous BAM monitors at 

the Los Angeles (Main) and Rubidoux air monitoring sites. These monitors are shown in 

Table 4. 

Where both 24 hour FRM PM2.5 samplers and FEM PM2.5 continuous analyzers are 

deployed together, they are sited as collocated for data comparison purposes if the FEM 

analyzer meets the acceptance criteria under 78 FR 3086. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

18 

TABLE 7. Manual PM2.5 FRM Monitoring Stations Assigned Site Numbers 

Location Site Code ARB No. AQS No. Start Date Schedule 

Anaheim ANAH 30178 060590007 01/03/99 Daily 

Azusa AZUS 70060 060370002 01/04/99 1-in-3 

Big Bear BGBR 36001 060718001 02/08/99 1-in-6 

Burbank BURK 70069 060371002 01/21/99 Daily 

Compton COMP 70112 060371302 11/08 1-in-3 

Fontana FONT 36197 060712002 01/03/99 1-in-3 

Indio INDI 33157 060652002 01/30/99 1-in-3 

Long Beach (North)

 1 LGBH 70072 060374002 01/03/99 Daily 

Los Angeles “A” (Main St.) CELA 70087 060371103 01/03/99 Daily 

Los Angeles “B” (Main St.) CELA 70087 060371103 01/06/99 1-in-6 

Mira Loma (Van Buren) “A” MRLM 33165 060658005 11/09/05 Daily 

Mira Loma (Van Buren) “B” MRLM 33165 060658005 03/08/12 1-in-6 

Mission Viejo MSVJ 30002 060592022 06/15/99 1-in-3 

Ontario Fire Station ONFS 36025 060710025 01/03/99 1-in-3 

Palm Springs PLSP 33137 060655001 12/26/99 1-in-3 

Pasadena PASA 70088 060372005 03/04/99 1-in-3 

Pico Rivera #2 PICO 70185 060371602 09/12/05 1-in-3 

Reseda RESE 70074 060371201 01/24/99 1-in-3 

Riverside RIVM 33146 060651003 01/06/99 1-in-3 

Rubidoux “A” RIVR 33144 060658001 01/03/99 Daily 

Rubidoux “B” RIVR 33144 060658001 01/03/99 1-in-6 

San Bernardino SNBO 36203 060719004 01/03/99 1-in-3 

South Long Beach SLGB 70110 060374004 06/20/03 Daily 1

 Some pollutants were discontinued at Long Beach (North) on 9/30/2013 due to termination of lease

FRM PM2.5 sampler remains the primary analyzer used for attainment purposes and 

continuous analyzers are designated as audit samplers unless the primary 24 hour FRM 

PM2.5 is offline then continuous FEM analyzer data can be substituted if the FEM 

analyzer meets the acceptance criteria under 78 FR 3086. 

 

PM2.5 speciation sampling is also a part of the SCAQMD PM2.5 program. Collocated 

STN and one SCAQMD Met One SASS PM2.5 samplers were deployed in March 2001 at 

Rubidoux. An additional STN and collocated SCAQMD SASS samplers were deployed at 

Central Los Angeles in 2002. In 2003, SCAQMD SASS PM2.5 speciation samplers were 

installed at Fontana and Anaheim air monitoring sites. Analysis of the filters from the 

ambient network SASS samplers are being conducted at SCAQMD’s laboratory. The STN 

filters are shipped to Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for analysis. This approach has the 

concurrence of CARB and EPA, Region IX. 

On December 14, 2012 EPA revised NAAQS for PM2.5. As part of the revision EPA 

updated monitoring requirements for PM2.5 including the addition of monitoring near 

heavily traveled roads in large urban areas. Specifically, EPA is requiring the collocation 

of one PM2.5 monitor with a near road NO2 or CO monitor in urban areas having 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

19 

populations of 1 million or more. EPA is specifying that monitors required in CBSAs of 

2.5 million or more persons are to be operational by January 1, 2015. One near road 

PM2.5 monitoring site is required in each of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 

MSA\CBSA (Code 31080) and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA (Code 

40140) areas. Sites are tentatively proposed on Route 60 in the City of Ontario and on 

Route 710 in the City of Long Beach. Both sites are to be operational by January 1, 2015. 

National Air Toxics Trends Station (NATTS) 

The NATTS program was developed to fulfill the need for long-term Hazardous Air 

Pollutant (HAP) monitoring data of consistent quality nationwide. SCAQMD has 

conducted several air toxics measurement campaigns in the past, which demonstrated the 

variety and spatial distribution of air toxics sources across SCAB. A single air toxics 

measurement site cannot reflect the levels and trends of air toxics throughout the SCAB. 

For this reason, two NATTS sites are used to characterize the SCAB’s air toxics levels. 

The first site is a central urban core site in Los Angeles that reflects concentrations and 

trends due primarily to urban mobile source emissions. A second, more rural, inland site at 

Rubidoux captures the transport of pollutants from a variety of upwind mobile and 

industrial sources in the most populated areas of the air basin. NATTS monitoring began 

in February 2007 and continues at the Los Angeles (Main) and Rubidoux air monitoring 

sites. During April 2010, a system audit was conducted by the EPA, which assessed the 

SCAQMD NATTS program. The audit found no major issues with the operation of the 

network but recommended implementation of blanking and low level concentration 

challenge samples for the NATTS and PAMS programs. Blanking was implemented in 

June, 2010 and low level challenge samples were implemented during October, 2010 and 

completed annually. 

NCore 

NCore monitoring rules required that SCAQMD make NCore sites operational by January 

1st, 2011. To meet this goal, SCAQMD installed trace level analyzers for CO, NOY and 

SO2 at the Rubidoux and Central Los Angeles sites. Continuous PM10 and PM2.5 BAM 

are utilized for PM10-PM2.5 measurements at both sites. Final calibrations were 

completed at the Rubidoux site January, 2011 and at the Central Los Angeles during May, 

2011. Both the Los Angeles and Rubidoux sites are NATTS and PAMS monitoring 

locations. 

Special Programs 

Special monitoring programs are conducted for rule compliance purposes, to characterize the 

levels of toxic air contaminants and other criteria pollutants in sub-regional areas or communities 

in the SCAB, or to support modeling and planning efforts. The following is a list of special 

monitoring programs that were active during the past year. Note that this is being provided for 

informational purposes only. 

MATES IV 

The SCAB is a highly urbanized area home to about seventeen million people who own 

and operate about eleven million motor vehicles, and contains some of the highest 

concentrations of industrial and commercial operations in the country. In 1986, SCAQMD 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

20 

conducted the first MATES study to determine the SCAB-wide risks associated with major 

airborne carcinogens. At the time, the state of technology was such that only ten known 

air toxic compounds could be analyzed. In 1998, a second MATES study (MATES II) was 

conducted; MATES II included a monitoring program of 40 known air toxic compounds, 

an updated emissions inventory of toxic air contaminants, and a modeling effort to 

characterize health risks from hazardous air pollutants. In April 2004, the SCAQMD 

conducted the third MATES study (MATES III) to assess the ambient levels of airborne 

compounds linked to adverse health effects in humans. And in June, 2012 SCAQMD 

began the MATES IV study. 

The MATES IV Study included a monitoring program, an updated emissions inventory of 

toxic air contaminants, and a modeling effort to characterize risk across the Basin. The 

Micro-Scale component of the study will continue to focus on the carcinogenic risk from 

exposure to air toxics but will not estimate mortality or other health effects from particulate 

exposures. A focus of MATES IV is the inclusion of measurements of ultrafine particle 

concentrations. In addition, shorter-term measurements are being conducted at various 

locations to assess localized impacts of combustion sources. The focus of these 

measurements will be on assessing the exposures to ultrafine particles and black carbon 

very near sources such as airports, freeways, rail yards, busy intersections, and warehouse 

operations. 

The goal of MATES IV is to enhance the spatial resolution of previous studies by 

characterizing the ambient concentration of selected toxic air compounds in communities 

with varying land-type usage, such as residential, industrial, and commercial, as well as 

gradients from source areas downwind to receptor areas. 

For trend analysis the MATES IV study utilized the same ten fixed monitoring sites used 

in the MATES III study. These monitoring locations are the Anaheim, Burbank, Compton, 

Fontana, Huntington Park, North Long Beach, LA Main Street, Pico Rivera, Rubidoux, 

and West Long Beach monitoring sites. As of June 2013 monitoring at these ten fixed sites 

has been completed. MATES IV added Ultra Fine Particulate (UFP) and Black Carbon 

(BC) continuous measurements. 

The Micro-Scale component to the MATES IV study utilizes mobile monitoring platforms 

deployed for short term measurements of selected compounds near sources such as 

airports, freeways, rail yards, busy intersections, and warehouse operations. 

Fugitive Dust Study 

In support of SCAQMD Rule 403 - Fugitive Dust, SSI PM10 samplers are deployed on an 

episodic basis upwind and downwind of potential sources as required under Rule 403. 

Since 2003, periodic sampling has been conducted around gravel quarries and other 

industries which seem to be producing large volumes of dust. 

Hexavalent Chrome 

The SCAQMD has an ongoing program to collect ambient hexavalent chromium samples 

in the vicinity of several chrome plating and cement production facilities located 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

21 

throughout the SCAB. Monitoring continues at Newport Beach, Riverside, and other 

locations throughout the SCAQMD jurisdiction.

College of the Desert 

Because exceedances of the PM10 standard have been recorded at the Torres-Martinez 

(Indian Reservation) station, SCAQMD conducted an independent monitoring study to 

evaluate the spatial representativeness of such measurements. Continuous PM10 

measurements were collected at “College of the Desert” in Mecca from December 2010 to 

May 2014. Currently the College of the Desert monitor is being relocated to a new 

Coachella Valley monitoring station located at Saul Martinez Elementary School in Mecca. 

GERDAU-TAMCO 

GERDAU North America acquired the TAMCO Rancho Cucamonga steel mini mill in 

October, 2010. In 2012 Environ Corp. was retained to perform an environmental audit and 

found discrepancies in reported emissions. Environ found that SOx emissions were not 

accurately reported prior to 2011, NOx emissions were not accurately being measured and 

Pb emissions may contribute to an exceedence of the NAAQS. SCAQMD conducted 

inspections of the facility to address issues and continues monitoring for Pb, Cr+6, and 

other metals at the facility. If results of the monitoring effort show TAMCO as a source of 

Pb that could contribute to an exceedence of the NAAQS, it will be added to the source 

impact Pb monitoring network. 

Salton Sea Monitoring 

On Sunday September 9, 2012, a strong thunderstorm over the Salton Sea caused odors to 

be released and transported to the northwest, across the Coachella Valley and through the 

Banning Pass into the SCAB. The odors also crossed through the mountain passes west of 

the Salton Sea and into the Temecula Valley. The following day, SCAQMD received over 

235 complaints of sulfur and rotten egg type odors 

As the Salton Sea recedes, the potential exists for more of these large-scale odor events to 

occur. SCAQMD has installed air monitors at Saul Martinez Elementary School and the 

Imperial Irrigation District’s Torrez-Martinez site to monitor the type of expected nuisance 

pollutants which are released from the Salton Sea. The primary objective of this 

monitoring network is to place monitoring resources at a lakeside location where peak 

hydrogen sulfide concentrations are expected to occur. The monitoring sites will provide 

data that can be used to assess population exposures in case of odor events and for 

comparison to the state standard for hydrogen sulfide. 

As the Salton Sea is projected to recede, these sites could be enhanced for monitoring the 

predicted particulate matter (PM) emissions from the Salton Sea area that may influence 

the South Coast Air Basin PM levels. 

AllenCO 

AllenCO is an oil field and gas production facility located in the City of Los Angeles 

surrounded by residences including low income housing units, F.D. Lanterman high 

school, and Mount Saint Mary’s College. For several years SCAQMD Inspectors have 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

22 

responded to numerous odor complaints from the local community and suspects Allen CO

to be the source of these odors. In October 2013 the SCAQMD initiated monitoring at 

sites around the AllenCO facility. At Mt St Mary’s College regularly scheduled VOC 

samples are collected, and continuous Non-Methane Hydrocarbon measurements are also 

being collected. On the roof of the low income housing building across the street from 

AllenCo, there is a remote controlled sampler capable of collecting a VOC grab sample 

should an odor complaint be called into the SCAQMD odor complaint line. In November 

2013 AllenCo temporarily shut down operations to repair issues which it believes were the 

cause of the previous odor complaints. 

Recent or Proposed Modifications to Network 

Near Roadway NO2 Monitoring 

On February 9, 2010, U.S. EPA promulgated new minimum monitoring requirements for the 

NO2 monitoring network in support of newly revised 1-hour NO2 NAAQS and the retained 

annual NAAQS. In the new monitoring requirements, State and Local air monitoring agencies 

are required to install near-road NO2 monitoring stations at locations where peak hourly NO2 

concentrations are expected to occur within the near-road environment in larger urban areas. On 

March 7, 2013 EPA revised the new monitoring requirements from the 2010 NO2 NAAQS 

revision, delaying implementation of the first phase of the near road network to January 1, 2014 

and the second phase to January 1, 2015. As part of the implementation, State and local air 

agencies are required to consider traffic volumes, fleet mix, roadway design, traffic congestion 

patterns, local terrain or topography, and meteorology in determining where a required near-road 

NO2 monitor should be placed. In addition to those required considerations, there are other 

factors that impact the selection and implementation of a near-road monitoring station including 

satisfying siting criteria, site logistics (e.g., gaining access to property and safety), and 

population exposure. 

The near roadway grant guidance directed implementation of near road sites be conducted in 

phases. The first of the Phase I sites became operational on January 1, 2014 in Anaheim 

adjacent to the 5 freeway (FE AADT #3, 2013). The Second Phase I site is located in Ontario 

adjacent to Interstate 10/Interstate 15 (FE AADT #11, 2013) and is expected to be operational by 

July 1, 2014. Phase II sites are to be operational by January 1, 2015. Phase II sites are currently 

under consideration along Route 710 in Long Beach (FE AADT 22, 2014) and along Route 60 in 

Ontario (FE AADT #9, 2014). Each phase consists of one site selected from each of the Los 

Angeles – Long Beach – Anaheim (Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Riverside – San 

Bernardino – Ontario MSAs. 

The primary objective of the near-road NO2 network is to place monitoring resources on nearroad locations where peak, ambient NO2 concentrations are expected to occur as a result of onroad mobile source emissions. Monitoring at such a location or locations within a particular 

urban area will provide data that can be used for comparison to the NAAQS and to assess 

population exposures for those who live, work, play, go to school, or commute within the nearroadway environment. Population density for SCAQMD is shown in Figure A. The near-road 

NO2 data will provide a clear means to determine whether or not the NAAQS is being met 

within the near-road environment throughout a particular urban area. Since near-road NO2 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

23 

monitoring sites are to be placed at locations with expected peak NO2 concentrations, the target 

mobile sources and the roads they travel upon are ubiquitous throughout urban areas, these 

monitoring data may be said to represent the relative worst case population exposures that may 

be occurring in the near-road environment throughout an urban area over the averaging times of 

interest. 

Minimum monitoring requirements are specified in 40 CFR 58 Appendix D. EPA requires state 

and local air agencies to operate one near-road NO2 monitor in each Core Based Statistical Area 

(CBSA) with a population of 500,000 or more persons. Further, those CBSAs with 2,500,000 or 

more persons, or those CBSAs with one or more roadway segments carrying traffic volumes of 

250,000 or more vehicles (as measured by annual average daily traffic [AADT] counts), shall 

have two near-road NO2 monitors. The process of identifying minimum monitoring 

requirements is shown in Figure B. 

Figure A – SCAQMD Population Density 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

24 

The SCAQMD jurisdictional boundary encompasses two MSAs and two CBSAs whose 

boundaries and codes mirror those of the MSAs as defined by the U.S. Office of Management 

and Budget. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim MSA\CBSA (Code 31080) has an 

estimated population of 13,131,431 and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA 

(Code 40140) has an estimated population of 4,380,878 according to U.S. Census estimates for 

2013. The minimum number of monitors required for near road monitoring is based on 

MSA\CBSA population and shown in Table 8. 

Figure B - Monitoring Requirements 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

25 

TABLE 8. Minimum Number of Monitors Required Near Road NO2 

The monitoring site selection process was in accordance with guidance published in the U.S. 

EPA Near Roadway NO2 Technical Assistance Document (TAD) (June, 2012). The process for 

ranking candidate road segments is outlined in Figure C. 

CBSA Population

Estimate

Highest

AADT

Segment

Minimum Required Near

Road NO2 Sites 2014

Minimum Required Near

Road NO2 Sites 2015

31080 13,131,431 396,000 1 1

40140 4,380,878 245,300 1 1

Figure C – Ranking Candidate Road Segments 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

26 

The candidate road segment ranking process incorporated the following EPA TAD 

considerations: 

FE AADT – A single metric to compare road segments, accounting for AADT and fleet mix (Heavy 

Duty Vehicles). The Fleet-Equivalent AADT value for each road segment is calculated by the 

following formula: 

 (FE) AADT = (AADT – HDc) + (HDm * HDc) 

Where AADT is the total traffic volume count for a particular road segment, HDc is the total 

number of heavy-duty vehicles for a particular road segment, and HDm is a multiplier that 

represents the heavy-duty to light-duty NOx emission ratio for a particular road segment. An 

HDm of 17 was used instead of the default national average of 10 based on emissions inventories 

within the SCAQMD jurisdiction (Air Quality Management Plan, South Coast Air Quality 

Management District, 2012). The top 50 FE AADT segment candidates are calculated based on 

the latest (2012) California Department of Transportation AADT counts (http://trafficcounts.dot.ca.gov/) and are shown in Table 9. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

27 

TABLE 9. Top Fifty FE AADT Candidate Roadway Segments 

FE 

ADDT 

Rank 

HD 

Rank 

AADT 

Rank 

FE 

AADT 

AADT 

Total 

Total 

Trucks 

(HD) 

Total 

Truck 

% 

County Post mile Route 

Descripti

1 15 4 754464 348000 25404 7.3 LA 23.56 60 DIAMOND BAR, JCT. RTE. 57 2 1 59 705536 260000 27846 10.71 LA 9.612 605 SANTA FE SPRINGS, JCT. 5 3 2 66 691976 255000 27311 10.71 LA 13.569 605 WHITTIER, JCT. RTE. 72 4 41 3 680560 362000 19910 5.5 ORA 34 5 SANTA ANA, JCT. RTES. 22 & 55 5 72 678400 250000 26775 10.71 LA 17.407 605 INDUSTRY, JCT. RTE. 60 6 14 45 674576 266000 25536 9.6 ORA 38.915 5 LINCOLN AVENUE 7 24 20 669968 292000 23623 8.09 LA 7.653 605 NORWALK, JCT. RTE. 105 8 16 50 669504 264000 25344 9.6 ORA 36.258 5 KATELLA AVENUE 9 3 117 656768 222000 27173 12.24 SBD 4.58 60 ONTARIO, JCT. RTE. 83 

10 4 118 653800 221000 27050 12.24 SBD 2.366 60 CENTRAL AVENUE 11 17 78 646804 245300 25094 10.23 SBD 9.936 10 ONTARIO, JCT. RTE. 15 12 18 79 646804 245300 25094 10.23 SBD 11.132 10 ETIWANDA AVENUE 13 22 67 638048 254000 24003 9.45 LA 11.711 60 INDUSTRY, JCT. RTE. 605 14 8 120 636424 217000 26214 12.08 SBD 0 60 LOS ANGELES/SAN BERNARIN15 23 64 635304 257000 23644 9.2 ORA 5.258 91 ANAHEIM, STATE COLLEGE B16 10 121 633488 216000 26093 12.08 LA 29.392 60 POMONA, JCT. RTE. 71, 17 28 31 627616 278000 21851 7.86 LA 44.014 5 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 210 18 11 125 625736 215000 25671 11.94 SBD 5.855 60 GROVE AVENUE 19 19 109 623760 226000 24860 11 SBD 24.24 10 COLTON, JCT. RTE. 215 20 20 105 621920 230000 24495 10.65 LA 20.428 60 ROWLAND HEIGHTS, 21 52 5 620400 330000 18150 5.5 ORA 30.263 5 TUSTIN, JCT. RTE. 55, 22 6 165 619008 192000 26688 13.9 LA 12.97 710 LONG BEACH, JCT. RTE. 91 23 34 27 613312 280000 20832 7.44 LA 36.358 5 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 170 24 25 85 608520 243800 22795 9.35 ORA 42.1 5 FULLERTON, JCT. RTE. 91 25 31 51 605296 264000 21331 8.08 ORA 2.615 91 BUENA PARK, JCT. RTE. 39 BEA
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

28 

TABLE 9 (continued). Top Fifty FE AADT Candidate Roadway Segments 

FE 

ADDT 

Rank 

HD 

Rank 

AADT 

Rank 

FE 

AADT 

AADT 

Total 

Total 

Trucks 

(HD) 

Total 

Truck 

% 

County Post mile Route 

Descripti

26 13 161 603728 194000 25608 13.2 SBD 27.296 10 MOUNTAIN VIEW AVENUE 27 9 175 602640 184000 26165 14.22 LA 10.823 710 LONG BEACH, DEL AMO 28 36 40 599456 268000 20716 7.73 LA 13.094 91 LONG BEACH, CHERRY 29 35 43 598936 267000 20746 7.77 LA 39.361 5 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 118 30 61 8 591552 316000 17222 5.45 LA 17.17 101 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 405 31 38 52 590512 264000 20407 7.73 LA 11.681 91 LONG BEACH, JCT. RTE. 710 32 12 179 588112 178000 25632 14.4 LA 9.41 710 LONG BEACH, JCT. RTE. 405 33 40 55 586048 262000 20253 7.73 LA 14.618 91 BELLFLOWER, JCT. RTE. 19 34 47 38 583128 273000 19383 7.1 ORA 3.258 91 FULLERTON, HARBOR 35 27 112 577376 224000 22086 9.86 LA 25.464 60 DIAMOND BAR, JCT. RTE. 57 N36 44 60 573248 260000 19578 7.53 LA 9.87 110 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 91 37 65 22 560512 290000 16907 5.83 LA 5.046 605 CERRITOS, JCT. RTE. 91 38 51 54 560088 263000 18568 7.06 LA 36.41 210 DUARTE, JCT. RTE. 605, 39 74 16 559736 299000 16296 5.45 LA 19.99 101 ENCINO AVENUE 40 107 1 558700 377500 11325 3 ORA 20.751 405 JCT. RTE. 22 EAST, 41 29 139 555744 210000 21609 10.29 SBD 13.169 10 FONTANA, CHERRY AVENUE 42 96 7 552120 321000 14445 4.5 ORA 9.187 91 JCT. RTE. 55 SOUTH 43 63 32 551104 278000 17069 6.14 ORA 15.6 57 ANAHEIM, JCT. RTE. 91, 44 32 128 549552 214000 20972 9.8 LA 20.189 605 BALDWIN PARK, JCT. 10 45 108 2 547600 370000 11100 3 ORA 24.044 405 SEAL BEACH, JCT. RTE. 605 46 90 14 545400 303000 15150 5 ORA 11.54 91 PERALTA, JCT. RTE. 90 47 67 36 544728 275000 16858 6.13 LA 41.597 5 LOS ANGELES, JCT. RTE. 405 48 21 200 544360 155000 24335 15.7 RIV 0.491 60 JCT. RTE. 15 49 26 174 541076 185300 22236 12 SBD 29.313 10 ALABAMA STREET OC 50 43 111 539288 225000 19643 8.73 LA 15.692 710 LYNWOOD, JCT. RTE. 105 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

29 

The process of ranking the roadway segments began with creating a scoring matrix incorporating 

EPA TAD considerations. The scoring matrix was used as a tool to determine the most suitable 

location for monitoring by incorporating traffic data and quantifying station siting 

considerations. FE AADT was weighted a factor of five due to the major role traffic influences 

near roadway monitoring. Other important factors such as roadway design, distance from 

roadway, meteorology, roadside structures and terrain were taken into consideration and 

weighted a factor of one each and are defined as follows: 

Roadway Design – Considers monitor placement and can affect pollutant transport and 

dispersion. The most desirable attributes include a monitoring location at grade with the 

surrounding terrain and roadway. The least desirable attributes include deep cut-sections 

significantly below grade or significantly above grade. 

Distance from Roadway - Per 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E: the site should be “As near as 

practicable to the outside nearest edge of the traffic lanes of the target road segment; but shall not 

be located at a distance greater than 50 meters, in the horizontal, from the outside nearest edge of 

the traffic lanes of the target road segment.” The TAD recommends the target distance for nearroad NO2 monitor probes be within 20 meters of the target road whenever possible. 

Meteorology– Can affect pollution transport and dispersion. The most desirable location is 

relative downwind locations – winds from road to monitor. The least desirable locations are sites 

upwind of the target road. 

Roadside Structures – Considers monitor placement and can affect pollutant transport and 

dispersion. The most desirable monitoring location will have no barriers present other than low 

(< 2m in height) safety barriers or guard rails. The least desirable attributes include the presence 

of sound walls, mature vegetation (high and thick) or obstructive buildings. 

Terrain – Can affect pollutant dispersion and local atmospheric stability. The most desirable 

terrain is flat or gentle terrain, within a valley, or along road grade. The least desirable terrain is 

along mountain ridges or peaks, hillsides, or other naturally windswept areas. 

A scale normalized to 5 was used to rank each candidate segment; the scoring matrix is shown as 

Table 10. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

30 

TABLE 10. Candidate Segment Scoring Matrix 

Score 5 3 1 0 

FE AADT 

(Weighted 5x) 

Traffic count of the 

highest ranked FE 

AADT 

Normalized to the 

highest ranked FE 

AADT 

Normalized to the 

highest ranked FE 

AADT 

N/A 

Roadway Design At same elevation Slightly higher 

elevation 

Below grade / 

Under overpass / 

On bridge 

Design prevents access 

or accurate 

representation of 

roadway. 

Distance from 

Roadway 

Less than or equal to 

20 m 

Normalized distance 

from 20 m to 50 m 

50 m from 

roadway >50 m 

Meteorology 

(predominant wind 

direction) 

Downwind Parallel Upwind N/A 

Roadside Structures No barriers ( < 2 m) 

Some obstruction 

(small sound barriers 

sparse low 

vegetation) 

Major obstruction 

(large sound walls, 

buildings). 

Completely blocked 

Terrain Flat / mildly sloping Uneven Mountain ridges, 

Canyons 

Terrain prevents access 

or accurate 

representation of 

roadway 

Weighting Values 

FE AADT 5 

Roadway Design 1 

Distance from Roadway 1 

Meteorology 1 

Roadside Structures 1 

Terrain 1 

The top FE AADT sites were surveyed and ranked according to the scoring matrix. Some sites 

had several locations within the road segment to consider and each location was scored 

individually as a sub-site. The results are shown for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 

MSA\CBSA (Code 31080) and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA (Code 

40140) in Tables 11 and 12. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

31 

TABLE 11. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana MSA\CBSA

Location

FE AADT Rank FE AADT HD Rank HD AADT Rank AADT Site 1A 1B 1C 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B 5A 5B 5C 5D 6A 6B 7A 7B 8A 8B 8C 13A 13B FE AADT Score 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.68 4.68 4.59 4.59 4.51 4.51 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.47 4.47 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.44 4.23 4.23 

Roadway Design 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 Distance from Roadway 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.5 4.0 4.0 1.2 3.6 4.0 3.6 2.6 3.3 3.7 5.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 3.2 2.5 4.0 3.6 Meteorology 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.5 1.0 3.5 1.0 2.5 5.0 3.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 2.5 Roadside Structures 4.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.0 1.0 Terrain 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 3.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 Sum (Out of 50) 4.70 4.70 4.10 4.09 3.94 3.79 4.44 3.68 4.36 4.15 3.36 3.51 3.73 4.31 4.74 3.34 3.32 3.47 3.79 3.52 4.01 3.22 Overall Ranking 2 2 8 9 11 12 4 14 5 7 20 17 13 6 1 21 22 18 12 16 10 23 

250,000 266,000 292,000 264,000 25

72 45 20 50 

26,775 25,536 23,623 25,344 24

674,576 669,968 669,504 63

5 14 24 16 

678,400

348,000

Route 

5/605 

Santa Fe 

Springs

Route 

605/72 

Whittier

Route 

5/22/57 

Orange

705,536 691,976 680,560

Route 57/60 

Diamond Bar

1

754,464

15

25,404

4

2 34

Route 605/60 City of 

Industry

Route 

5/Lincoln 

Anaheim

Route 

605/105 

Norwalk

5 67

Route 5/Katella 

Anaheim

Route 60

of In

8 

260,000 255,000 362,000

59 66 3

1 2 41

27,846 27,311 19,910
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

32 

TABLE 12. Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA 

Location

Route 60/83 

Ontario

Route 

10/Etiwanda 

Ontario

Route 60 LA/SB 

County Line 

Chino

Route 60/71 

Pomona

FE AADT Rank 9 12 14 16 FE AADT 656,768 646,804 636,424 633,488 HD Rank 3 18 8 10 HD 27,173 25,094 26,214 26,093 AADT Rank 117 79 120 121 AADT 222,000 245,300 217,000 216,000 Site 9A 10A 10B 10C 11A 11B 12A 14A 16A FE AADT Score 4.35 4.33 4.33 4.33 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.22 4.20 Roadway Design 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 Distance from Roadway 2.0 3.3 3.3 4.0 0.0 1.7 5.0 2.6 4.0 Meteorology 3.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 Roadside Structures 2.5 3.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 Terrain 3.5 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 Sum (Out of 50) 3.63 3.45 3.75 3.77 3.74 3.31 4.64 3.37 3.30 Ranking 6 7 4 3 5 9 1 8 10 

221,000 245,300

4 17

27,050 25,094

118 78

Route 60/Central 

Chino

Route 10/15 

Ontario

10 11

653,800 646,804
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

33 

Level of Service (congestion) data is considered to differentiate between two comparatively 

ranked segments as part of the site selection process. Tables 13, 14 and 15 show the top 

congested freeways in the Los Angeles, Orange, and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario 

MSA\CBSA for 2012. As reported by the California Department of Transportation 

(http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffops/sysmgtpl/MPR/index.htm). 

TABLE 13. Top Congested Freeways Los Angeles County 

TABLE 14. Top Congested Freeways Orange County 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

34 

TABLE 15. Top Congested Freeways Riverside & San Bernardino Counties 

On June 19, 2014, an Annual Network Plan Workshop was conducted at SCAQMD’s Diamond 

Bar office. Information regarding the workshop can be found at the SCAQMD website. 

SCAQMD staff presented and held a discussion on SCAQMD’s progress and announced the first 

two sites at the Anaheim and the Ontario near road monitoring locations and proposed additional 

sites at Route 710 in Long Beach and Route 60 in Ontario. Written comments were received in 

2013 by the National Defense Resources Council (NRDC) regarding support for placing a site 

along the 710 freeway for a Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim CBSA near road monitoring 

location. 

Sites are selected based on their ranking in the scoring matrix however there are other 

considerations involved in the site selection process. These considerations include: 

Safety - Near-road monitoring sites must be accessible to station operators in a safe and legal 

manner, and not pose safety hazards to drivers, pedestrians, or nearby residents. Safety hazards to 

monitoring site operators include factors which inhibit the safe entrance to or egress from a site and 

factors that could allow vehicles to encroach upon and damage the site infrastructure. 

Accessibility – ability to access the desired location from the property owner or ability to obtain a 

right of way permit. 

Infrastructure – availability of power and data connection at the site. 

The projected timeline for installation and operation of the near roadway monitoring sites is as 

follows: 

Date Activity

January 1, 2014 NO2 Monitoring began at Anaheim near road monitoring 

site. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

35 

May 1, 2014 Identify location of phase 2 monitoring sites; considering 

required factors prescribed in 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D 

and Near Roadway NO2 Technical Assistance Document 

along with logistics and availability of space at candidate 

sites. 

June 19, 2014 Annual Network Plan Workshop to discuss the Draft 2014 

Annual Network Plan and to discuss proposed locations 

along Route 710 in Long Beach and Route 60 in Ontario. 

July 1, 2014 Begin NO2 monitoring at Ontario Etiwanda near road 

monitoring site. 

July, 2014 Obtain permission/permits from respective landowners for 

additional proposed sites. Estimated June, 2014. 

August, 2014 Survey site with construction manager. 

 Purchase equipment for monitoring sites. Estimated three 

months from receipt of grant award. 

November, 2014 Site preparation completion – installation of building, 

foundation, fencing, barriers, meteorological tower, utility 

and phone lines at proposed sites. 

December, 2014 Installation of CO at Ontario Etiwanda and Anaheim near 

road sites, installation of NO2 and PM2.5 at proposed 

Route 710 and Route 60 locations, conditioning, calibration 

and official startup date by January 1, 2015. 

Van Nuys Pb Monitoring Site 

On November 12, 2008, the EPA issued final revisions to the NAAQS for Pb. Network design 

requirements included monitoring for sources of Pb (source oriented monitoring) and urban Pb 

monitoring (non-source oriented). To meet this requirement, a source oriented site was 

established on January 1, 2010 at the Van Nuys Airport. The final rule for Pb went into effect on 

January 26, 2011. In the final rule the Van Nuys Airport was no longer included on the list of 

airports where Pb monitoring was required, and the most recent emissions inventory showed Pb 

emissions less than 1 ton per year. The landowner advised SCAQMD the lease would not be 

renewed at the end of the three year contract period. Data review from the Van Nuys Airport Pb 

site showed no exceedances of the three month rolling average during the monitoring period. In 

consultation EPA the site was discontinued on June 4, 2013 based upon conditions cited in 40 

CFR 58 Appendix D 4.5. Written confirmation of site closure to EPA will follow separately 

from ANP. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

36 

Sulfate Monitoring 

SCAQMD has been monitoring TSP sulfate data at the Azusa, Fontana, Pasadena, and West Los 

Angeles monitoring since the inception of the monitoring sites. In 2003, ARB revised the 

sulfates monitoring method and standard by deleting the TSP sulfates method, ARB method 

MLD 033, and replaced it with the existing ARB method and creating a new standard for PM10 

sulfates, ARB method MLD 007. ARB conducted a comparison of SCAQMD PM10 and TSP 

sulfate data for 1999 though 2010 and found good correlation between the two methods. TSP 

sulfate data was reviewed in consultation with EPA and ARB who determined the need did not 

exist for continued TSP sulfate monitoring and a waiver was not necessary since the rule no 

longer exists. TSP sulfate monitors were removed from the Pasadena and West LA monitoring 

sites early 2013. The TSP sulfate monitors were removed from the Azusa and Fontana sites in 

June, 2013. 

Crestline 

SCAQMD has been operating the Crestline site since 1973. The deteriorating state of the shelter 

along with compromises made to the siting criteria due to obstructions has made it a candidate 

for site improvement. As part of regular air monitoring station maintenance, a new station shelter 

has been outfitted to replace the existing trailer during October, 2014. 

West LA 

SCAQMD has been operating the West LA site since 1983. The deteriorating state of the shelter 

along with compromises made to the siting criteria due to obstructions has made it a candidate 

for site improvement. As part of regular air monitoring station maintenance, a new station shelter 

has been outfitted to replace the existing trailer during FY 2014-15. 

Riverside Magnolia 

SCAQMD has been operating the Riverside Magnolia site since 1972. The deteriorating state of 

the building along with compromises made to the siting criteria due to obstructions has made it a 

candidate for site relocation. SCAQMD in consultation with EPA Region IX has located a 

candidate site for relocation within one mile of the current location. Once established, a data 

comparison is proposed to place to assess that data is representative for the area. 

South Long Beach 

SCAQMD has been operating the South Long Beach station as part of the ambient airmonitoring network. Recent construction of the buildings adjacent to our air monitoring 

equipment compromises the siting criteria. During the FY 2014-15 a data comparison between a 

more centralized monitoring location in Long Beach will be undertaken. If comparison of data 

between the two locations demonstrates some comparability, or if the metropolitan site shows 

consistently higher levels of PM, the South Long Beach site may be relocated in consultation 

with EPA Region IX. 

Long Beach (Hudson) 

The Long Beach (Hudson) site was added as part of the MATES IV study. As part of the action 

to provide enhanced coverage, the Long Beach (Hudson) site will remain in operation collecting 

Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, and particulate data to represent 

the Long Beach area. 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

37 

Long Beach (North) 

At the request of the owner, the Long Beach (North) site lease was terminated on September 30, 

2013. As a result some pollutants were discontinued while a replacement site is sought. 

Consideration is being given to consolidation with nearby sites to better represent the Long 

Beach area and will be addressed in the 5 year network assessment.

Minimum Monitoring Requirements 

The SCAQMD jurisdictional boundary encompasses two MSAs and two CBSAs whose 

boundaries and codes mirror those of the MSAs as defined by the U.S. Office of Management 

and Budget. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim MSA\CBSA (Code 31080) has an estimated 

population of 13,131,431 and the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA\CBSA (Code 40140) 

has an estimated population of 4,380,878 according to U.S. Census estimates for 2013. The 

minimum number of monitors for each pollutant is based on MSA population as described in 40 

CFR § 58 Appendix D. The SCAQMD is a Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) 

and the network exceeds the minimum monitoring requirements for all criteria pollutants. 

Details are provided below. 

 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

38 

Table 16 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Ozone.(Note: Refer to section 4.1 and Table D-2 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

MSA Counties Population and Census Year 8-hr Design Value (ppb) DV, Years1 Design Value Site (name AQS ID0 Monitors Required Monitors Active Monitors Needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 13,131,431 2013 99, 2011-2013 Santa Clarita 060376012 4 17 0 40140 San Bernardino Riverside 4,380,878 2013 107, 2011-2013 Redlands 060714003 3 13 0 

1DV Years – The three years over which the design value was calculated. 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 30 

Table 17a Minimum Monitoring Requirements for PM2.5 SLAMS (FRM/FEM/ARM)(Note: Refer to sections 4.71, 4.72, and Table D-5 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

MSA Counties 

Population 

and Census 

Year 

Annual 

Design 

Value 

[ug/m3], 

DV & 

Years1

Annual 

Design 

Value Site 

(Name, 

AQS ID) 

Daily 

Design 

Value 

[ug/m3], 

DV & 

years 

Daily 

Design 

Value site 

(name 

AQS ID) 

# 

Required 

SLAMS 

Monitors 

# Active 

SLAMS 

Monitors 

# 

Additional 

SLAMS 

needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 13,131,431 2013 12.20, 2011-2013 Burbank 060371002 30.8, 2011- 2013 Los Angeles 060371103 3 11 0 40140 San Bernardino Riverside 4,380,878 2013 14.86, 2011-2013 Mira Loma 060658005 36.6, 2011- 2013 Mira Loma 060658005 3 9 0 

1DV Years – The three years over which the design value was calculated. 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 20 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

39 

Table 17b Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Continuous PM2.5 Monitors (FEM and Non-FEM)*

(FEM/ARM and non-FEM see 40 CFR 58 Appendix D Section 4.72.) 

MSA Counties 

Population 

and Census 

Year 

Annual 

Design 

Value 

[ug/m3], 

DV & 

Years1

Annual 

Design 

Value Site 

(Name, 

AQS ID) 

Daily 

Design 

Value 

[ug/m3], 

DV & 

years 

Daily Design 

Value site 

(name AQS 

ID) 

# Required 

Continuous 

Monitors 

# Active 

Continuous 

Monitors 

# 

Additional 

Continuous 

needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 13,131,431 2013 19.73, 2011-2013 Los Angeles 060371103 45.9, 2011-2013 Los Angeles 060371103 2 4-FEM 3-Non FEM 0 40140 

San 

Bernardino 

Riverside 

4,380,878 

2013 

20.47, 

2011-2013 

Mira Loma

060658005 

43.0, 

2011-2013 

Mira Loma 

060658005 2 2-FEM 6-Non FEM 0 

1DV Years – The three years over which the design value was calculated. 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 15 

* Currently all active continuous monitors do not meet acceptance criteria under 78 FR 3086 and is requested to not be compared 

to the NAAQS.

Table 17c Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Speciated PM2.5 Monitors (Note: Refer to sections 4.74 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.)

MSA Counties 

Population 

and Census 

Year 

Monitors 

Required1

Monitors 

Active 

Monitors 

Needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 13,131,431 2013 1 2 0 40140 

San 

Bernardino 

Riverside 

4,380,878 

2013 1 2 0 

1Sites designated as part of the PM2.5 Speciation Trends Network (STN). 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 4 
Air Quality Monitoring Network Plan – July 2014 

40 

Table18 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for PM10(Note: Refer to section 4.6 and Table D-4 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

MSA Counties Population and Census Year 2013 Max Concentration [ug/m3] Max Concentration site (name AQS ID) # Required Monitors # Active Monitors # Additional Monitors Needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 13,131,431 2013 77 Anaheim 060590007 4-8 Med Conc 9 0 40140 

San 

Bernardino 

Riverside 

4,380,878 

2013 1471 Mira Loma 060658005 6-10 High Conc 12 0 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 21 1Excluding high concentration at Indio (159 ug/m3, on 8/23/2013.)Table 19 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for NO2(Note: Refer to section 4.3 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

CBSA Population and Census Year 

Max 

AADT 

Counts 

(2012)1

# Required 

Near Road 

Monitors2

#Active 

Near Road 

Monitors3

#Additional 

Near Road 

Monitors 

Needed4

#Required 

Area Wide 

Monitors 

#Active 

Area 

Wide 

Monitors 

#Additional 

Area wide 

Monitors 

Needed 

30180 13,131,431 2013 396,000, 2012 1 1 0 1 16 0 40140 4,380,878 2013 245,300, 2012 1 1 0 1 9 0 

1Max AADT Counts – 2012 is the latest data available from CA DOT2Two required beginning January 1, 2014. 3Two required sites to be active by January 1, 2014. See schedule in Recent or Proposed Changes to Network, Near Road 

Monitoring. 

4One additional site per CBSA to be active by January 1, 2015. See schedule in Recent or Proposed Changes to Network, Near 

Road Monitoring. Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 15 Monitors Required for PAMS: 7 EPA Regional Administrator-required monitors per 40 CFR 58, Appendix D 4.3.4: 3 
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Table 20 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for SO2(Note: Refer to section 4.4 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

CBSA Counties Total SO21 [tons/year] Population Weighted Emissions Index2 [million persons-tons per year] #Active Near Road Monitors #Required Area Wide Monitors #Active Area Wide Monitors #Additional Area wide Monitors Needed 

30180 Los Angeles Orange 6128.19 2013 80,472 0 1 5 0 40140 

San 

Bernardino 

Riverside 

2316.73 

 2013 10,149 0 1 2 0 

1Using latest NEI data 2011, available on EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011inventory.html2Calculated by multiplying CBSA population and total SO2 and dividing product by one million. 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 7 EPA Regional Administrator-required monitors per 40 CFR 58, Appendix D 4.4.3: 0 

Table 21 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for CO(Note: Refer to section 4.2 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

CBSA 

Population 

and Census 

Year 

#Required 

Near Road 

Monitors1

#Active 

Near 

Road 

Monitors2

#Required 

Area 

Wide 

Monitors 

#Active 

Area 

Wide 

Monitors 

30180 13,131,431 2013 0 0 0 17 40140 4,380,878 2013 0 0 0 8 

1Required beginning January 1, 2015

2Required sites to be active by January 1, 2015; to be collocated with near road NO2 sites. 

Monitors required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 25 EPA Regional Administrator-required monitors per 40 CFR 58, Appendix D 4.4.2: 0 

Table 22a Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Pb at NCore(Note: Refer to section 4.5 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 

NCore Site 

(name, AQS ID) CBSA Population and Census Year # Required Monitors # Active Monitors # Additional Monitors Needed 

Los Angeles (Main Street) 060371103 30180 13,131,431 2013 1 1 0 Rubidoux 060658001 40140 4,380,878 2013 1 1 0 
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Table 22b Source Oriented Pb Monitoring (Including Airports)(Note: Refer to section 4.5 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 1Consider data from past three years. 2Data found at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2011inventory.html (5/1/2014) 

Monitors Required for SIP or Maintenance Plan: 5 EPA Regional Administrator required monitors per 40 CFR 58, Appendix D 4.5(C) c: 0

Table 22c Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Pb, Non Source, Non NCore Monitoring 

(Note: Refer to section 4.5 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) 1DV Years – The three years over which the design value was calculated. 

CBSA Population and Census Year Annual Design Value [ug/m3], DV & Years1 # Required Area Wide Monitors # Active Area Wide Monitors # Additional Monitors Needed 

30180 13,131,431 2013 0.01, 2011-2013 0 5 0 40140 4,380,878 2013 0.01, 2011-2013 0 3 0 

Source Name Address

Pb Emissions1 

(tons per year)

Emission Inventory 

Source2 and Data Year

Max 3-Month Design 

Value1 [ug/m3]

Design Value 

Date(third month, 

year)

# Requ

Monit

Long Beach Airport Daugherty Field

4100 E Donald Douglas Dr, Long Beach, CA 90808

0.8 NEI 2011 Unavailable Unavailable

Pendin

yea

assessm

Van Nuys Airport 16461 Sherman Way, Van Nuys, CA 91406 0.68 NEI 2011 0.06 7; 2012 0TAMCO

12459-B Arrow Route, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91739

0.42 NEI 2011 Unavailable Unavailable 0

Exide Technologies 2700 S Indiana St, Vernon, CA 90058 0.1 NEI 2011 0.46 7; 2011 1Trojan Battery 9440 Ann St., Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 0.00556 NEI 2011 0.11 4; 2011 0Quemetco Inc. 720 S 7th Ave, City Of Industry, CA 91746 0.0048 NEI 2011 0.11 7; 2010 0
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43 

Table 23 Minimum Monitoring Requirements for PAMS(Note: Refer to section 4.5 of Appendix D of 40 CFR Part 58.) Table 24 Collocated Manual PM2.5, PM10, and Non-NCore Pb Networks(Note: Refer to section 3.2.5, 3.3.5, 3.3.1, and 3.3.4.3 of Appendix A, 40 CFR Part 58.) Table 25 Collocated Automated (continuous) PM2.5 Network (Note: Refer to section 3.2.5 & 3.3.5 of Appendix A, 40 CFR Part 58.) 1No FEM PM2.5 BAMs are listed as primary monitors; therefore no collocation requirement exists but all are collocated with 

FRM monitors.

Area Type # Required PAMS Sites # Active PAMS Sites # PAMS Sites Needed 

SCAQMD 

Monitoring Area 

1 or 3 1 3 0 

2 1 4 0 4 0 0 0 

Upper Air 

Meteorology 1 5 0 

Pollutant Method Code # Primary Monitors # Required Collocated Monitors # Active Collocated Monitors 

PM2.5 (RAAS) 780, 120 20 3 3 

PM10 (SSI Hi-Vol) 063, 102 21 3 3 

Pb (TSP Hi-Vol) 110 (Non Source) 8 1 2 

Pb (Tsp Hi-Vol) 110 (Source) 5 1 1 

Method Code # Primary Monitors # Required Collocated Monitors # Active Collocated Monitors1None 0 0 6 
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44 

Data Submittal and Archiving Requirements 

As required in 40 CFR 58.16(a), data is reported via AQS including all ambient air quality data 

and associated quality assurance data for SO2, CO, O3, NO2, Near Road NO2, NO, NOy, NOX, 

Pb-TSP mass concentration, Pb-PM10 mass concentration, PM10 mass concentration, PM2.5 

mass concentration, filter-based PM2.5 FRM/FEM field blank mass, sampler-generated average 

daily temperature, and sampler-generated average daily pressure, chemically speciated PM2.5 

mass concentration data, PM10-2.5 mass concentration, meteorological data from NCore and 

PAMS sites, average daily temperature\average daily pressure for Pb sites and metadata 

records\information as specified by the AQS Data Coding Manual through December 31, 2013. 

A data certification letter has been submitted to the EPA Regional Administrator certifying data 

collected at all SLAMS and at all FRM, FEM, and ARM SPM stations that meet criteria in 

appendix A, to part 58, for January 1 through December 31, 2013.