#### B. M. Soper, Trustee, Appellant, v. International Harvester Company of America, Appellee.

BANKRUPTCY: Preferences — Suspicion of Insolvency. A payment by an insolvent on bis debt witbin four months prior to an adjudication of bankruptcy will not be adjudged to constitute an unlawful preference,' on a showing which goes no further than to show that the *869creditor, when lie received the payment, may have had some reason to *suspect*that the debtor was insolvent.

*Appeal from Story District Court.*— E. M. MoCall, Judge.

NOVEMBER 21, 1922.

Aotion by plaintiff, trustee, to recover about $3,000 paid by tbe bankrupt to tbe defendant at different times, and in different amounts, within four months next preceding tbe bankruptcy. It is alleged that this constituted a preference, and plaintiff seeks to recover it. Tbe trial court found for defendant. Plaintiff *appeals.*—

Affirmed.

*Bert B. Welty, E. H. Addison,*and *Dale & Harvison,*for appellant.

*George Wambaeh*and *Fred E. Hansen,*for appellee.

Peeston, J.

Vinsel was adjudged a bankrupt January 29, 1919. It is contended by appellee, and tbe trial court so found, that tbe plaintiff bad not met tbe burden, and shown that the payments were made with knowledge on tbe part of defendant, or with a reasonable cause to believe that tbe collection by it of its claims against the bankrupt would effect a preference. Tbe evidence on behalf of plaintiff consists almost entirely of the testimony of tbe bankrupt, who now appears to desire that all bis creditors should be paid equally. He testifies, among other things, that he bad told three representatives of the defendant company that be was insolvent, and that be could not pay bis other creditors if he paid defendant, and that he intended the payments as a preference. The three representatives testify in the case, and deny this evidence by the bankrupt. It appears with little, if any, dispute that the bankrupt told the three representatives that he had notes and book accounts in the amount of $4,500, and merchandise on hand in the amount of $4,000, and that his indebtedness was $4,300. The three persons just referred to gave testimony tending to show that they had no knowledge of the alleged insolvency, and that no preference was intended. In a letter written to defendant December 16, 1918, Vinsel gave the figures above, and claimed that defend*870ant’s traveling men had loaded him np; that the roads wore so bad that no one could haul corn; and that he could not sell notes. In another letter at about the same time, he wrote that .he would have money for them in a short time, and that he was going to quit the International people if they couldn’t carry some stuff. Vinsel testifies, in regard to these letters, that he believed he was able to pay all his debts, and said that, if he sold everything he had, he could pay all his debts, and have some left. It may be conceded that defendant and its representatives were, at times, insistent upon payment. It is thought that payment under pressure is inconsistent with the claim that Vinsel made the payments voluntarily, and with the purpose of creating a preference. The bankrupt complained. that collections were hard, and that it was difficult to borrow money. A banker testifies that the bankrupt was worried somewhat. It would serve no useful purpose to go into the evidence in further detail. It is enough to say that, having read the evidence, we are satisfied that the plaintiff has not met the burden, and that the trial court properly so held. Apprehension or suspicion on the part of a creditor is not the equivalent of good cause for it to believe that the debtor is insolvent at the time the payments are made. *Waite v. Citizens St. Bank,*178 Iowa 1331; *Mantz v. Capital City St. Bank,*191 Iowa 572; *Burnham v. Fort Dodge Groc. Co.,*144 Iowa 577; *Stucky v. Masonic Sav. Bank,*108 U. S. 74.

It is contended by appellee that the payments were made in satisfaction of conditional sales contracts; that the contracts were entered into more than four months prior to the filing of the petition in bankruptcy; that all the payments were applied as payments for goods delivered to Vinsel, the title to which goods was in the defendant company; and that the transactions are binding upon the trustee. On this they cite, among other cases, *Jaquith v. Alden,*189 U. S. 78; *Hurley v. Atchison, T. & S. F. R. Co.,*213 U. S. 126; *American Laundry Mach. Co. v. Everybody’s Laundry,*185 Iowa 760; *Potter v. American Ptg. & Lith. Co.,*182 Iowa 458.

In the view we take of the evidence, as stated in the fore *871part of this opinion, we deem it -unnecessary to discuss this .or other questions argued. The judgment *is*— Affirmed.

Stevens, C. J., Weaver and De Graee, JJ., concur.