UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON. D.C. 20460 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

PC Code: 10390 I 

DP Barcode: 417314 

Date: December 3, 2014 

MEMORANDUM 

SUBJECT: Registration Review Ecological Risk Assessment and Effects Determination for 

Sodium Bentazon 

He Zhong, Ph.D., Biologist }\,'" 'f;__ ~ C-f-.,. 1 .f-l il-) ' ,_ b \

1 

'\ 

Stephen Wente, Ph.D., Biologi t~ J/L.(.J: ~Y FROM: 

Environmental Risk Branch 1 1' 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (75~) t -:2--( 3 \,t;-

THROUGH: Sujatha Sankula, Ph.D., Branch Chief ¥.?-'1: ~ L,-< M '<_) 1 , .. (3\ ''f 

Meghan Radtke, Ph.D., Acting Rf)PL !'Sf?'"" \_-:r~ l 

Environmental Risk Branch 1 ~ 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

TO: Carolyn Schroeder, Chemical Review Manager 

Kevin Costello, Branch Chief 

Risk Management and Implementation Branch 4 

Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division (7508P) 

Attached is the Registration Review Ecological Risk Assessment and Effects Determination for 

the herbicide sodium bentazon. 
OFFICE OF CHEMICAL 

SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION 

PREVENTION 

REGISTRATION REVIEW 

ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND 

EFFECTS DETERMINATION 

Sodium Bentazon

CAS Number 50723-80-3 

PC Code: 103901 

Prepared by:

He Zhong, Ph.D. Biologist 

Steve Wente Ph.D. Biologist 

Reviewed by: 

Sujatha Sankula, Ph.D. Branch Chief 

Meghan Radtke, Ph.D. Acting RAPL 

Kris Garber, Senior Science Adviser 

Chris Koper, MS. Chemist 

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Office of Pesticide Programs 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division 

Environmental Risk Branch I 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW 

Mail Code 7507P 

Washington, DC 20460

2 
Executive Summary 

Sodium bentazon (hereafter, referred to as bentazon) is a selective, contact, early postemergence benzothiadiazole herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds and sedges in 

numerous agricultural field crops, including corn, soybeans, beans, rice, cereals, and potatoes, as 

well as around trees and vines in various fruit and nut crops. Bentazon is also used to control 

weeds in residential and recreational lawns and around ornamental plants. Bentazon was first 

registered in 1975 and was most recently reviewed for an IR-4 proposed use to control weeds in 

peach and nectarine orchards (USEPA 2005). The Registration Eligibility Decision (RED) of 

bentazon reviewed the potential ecological effects to non-target organisms (USEPA 1994a). The 

RED concluded that risks posed by all of the registered uses at that time did not exceed the 

Agency’s level of concern (LOC) for fish and aquatic invertebrates. However, the Agency’s 

LOC for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants, for listed small mammals and birds (acute and 

chronic) were exceeded. Subsequently, in a memo refining the risk interpretation for listed 

mammals and birds, the Agency concluded that risk to listed mammals and birds did not exceed 

Agency LOCs based on refined exposure scenarios (USEPA 1994b). The most recent risk 

assessment concluded that ecological risks to listed and non-listed terrestrial plants in uplands 

and semi-aquatic habitats were of concern to the Agency as well as acute risks for small to 

medium birds that consume plants or small insects, and small mammals that feed on short grass 

(listed species only) (USEPA 2005). 

Sodium bentazon (PC code 103901) is a salt which rapidly dissolves in water to produce a 

sodium ion and a bentazon acid anion. There is also a different pesticide referred to as bentazon 

(PC code 275200) which has a covalently bonded hydrogen atom in place of the ionic bond to 

the sodium ion and converts to the bentazon acid anion in water. Historically, sodium bentazon 

has been referred to as “bentazon” partly because the actual bentazon has no U.S. registrations, 

but probably more importantly because both bentazon and sodium bentazon are converted to the 

bentazon acid anion before they are applied. (Potentially, it is the bentazon acid anion that should 

be referred to as the active ingredient.) This document continues the usage of the term 

“bentazon” for sodium bentazon. 

Degradation of bentazon occurs by abiotic photodegradation in water with a half-life of 2.63 

days. Bentazon is hydrolytically stable in pH 5, 7, and 9 buffered solutions and is also stable in 

sandy loam soil and clay soil under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Bentazon degrades (t1⁄2 = 4.3 

to 68 days) in aerobic mineral soils. Its degradation in soil is mainly controlled by microbial 

processes with subsequent residue incorporation into soil organic matter and to a lesser extent by 

oxidative mineralization to CO2. Seven degradates of concern were identified, which were 

incorporated into the risk assessment using a total residues approach. Bentazon is relatively nonvolatile under field conditions (vapor pressure <1 × 10-7 mm Hg) and has a low potential for 

bioaccumulation (log Kow = -0.46). 

The major routes of bentazon transport to non-target sites are expected to be runoff, spray drift, 

and leaching to groundwater. Bentazon has low binding affinities with soil matrices based on 

both soil column and batch equilibrium studies, making it prone to runoff to surface water and 

infiltration into ground water. Bentazon residues have been detected in groundwater samples 

from 29 states and surface water samples in 30 states. 

3 
As a contact benzothiadiazole herbicide, bentazon’s mode of action in plants is inhibition of 

photosynthetic electron transport. It is practically non-toxic to moderately toxic to both aquatic 

and terrestrial animals based on available toxicity studies. Only one terrestrial invertebrate study 

was submitted with a non-definitive endpoint which indicates that bentazon is practically nontoxic to honey bees (48 hr LD50 > 100 μg /bee) based on acute contact. No chronic effects were 

observed in the available chronic avian reproduction studies. However, bentazon reduced rat pup 

growth (body weight gain) during lactation in a 2-generation rat reproduction study. Bentazon is 

more toxic to dicotyledons (dicots), or broadleaf weeds than to monocotyledons (monocots), or 

grasses and sedges. In general, studies with a typical end-use product (TEP; e.g., Basagran) show 

similar toxicity to the technical grade active ingredient (TGAI). Toxicity data are not available 

for degradation products. 

An acute and chronic risk concern is expected for both listed and non-listed species of birds, 

terrestrial invertebrates, plants and listed small mammals (Table 1.1). The Screening Imbibition 

Program (SIP v.1.0) screening indicates potential acute and chronic risk concerns to birds 

through the consumption of bentazon-contaminated drinking water alone. Acute exposure 

through drinking water alone is not a potential concern for mammals, but the chronic exposure 

risk cannot be precluded due to insufficient data. Bentazon is not likely to have adverse effects 

on honey bees based on the comparison of honey bee acute contact endpoint to the contact EECs 

(4.05 μg ai/bee), which is about 25 times less than the available bee acute contact LD50 

endpoint. However, due to the lack of other surrogate honey bee data, e.g.: adult oral toxicity 

data, larval acute data, chronic data for adult and larvae, no LOC values can be calculated for 

non-target terrestrial invertebrates, and therefore, the acute and chronic risk cannot be precluded. 

This assessment concludes that there is not a risk concern for direct effects to fish, and aquatic 

invertebrates for the labeled uses of bentazon. There is a risk concern for listed aquatic vascular 

and non-vascular plants for the rice use only (Table 1.1). The following changes to the use 

pattern of bentazon may reduce these risks: 1) reduction of application rates or frequency; 2) 

establishment of a spray drift buffer (600 – 800 ft); and 3) restriction of releases of rice paddy 

water for 3 or 4 days after application to flooded rice paddies. 

Table 1.1 Summary of Direct and Indirect Effects Associated with Registered Uses of 

Bentazon* 

Risk Concern for 

Direct Effects? Taxon 

Non-Listed Listed 

Risk Concern for 

Indirect Effects to 

Non-Listed and 

Listed Species 

Birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians Yes (A,) Yes (A,C) Yes 4

Mammals No Yes (A) Yes 

Birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians (drinking 

water only) Yes Yes Yes 

Mammals, (drinking water only) Yes (C2

) Yes Yes 

Terrestrial invertebrates (honey bees1) Yes3 Yes Yes

Terrestrial (upland and semi-aquatic) plants – monocots Yes Yes Yes 

Terrestrial (upland and semi-aquatic) plants – dicots Yes Yes Yes 

Freshwater fish and aquatic-phase amphibians No No Yes

Marine/estuarine fish No No Yes

Freshwater invertebrates No No Yes

Marine/estuarine invertebrates No No Yes

4 
Risk Concern for 

Direct Effects? Taxon 

Non-Listed 

Risk Concern for 

Indirect Effects to 

Non-Listed and Listed Listed Species 

Aquatic vascular plants No Yes Yes

Aquatic non-vascular plants No Yes N/A

* At this current stage of the Registration Review process, it is premature to make effects determinations until 

further refinements are conducted. 

1

 Bentazon is practically non-toxic to honey bees based on a non-definitive endpoint from contact toxicity data. 2

 Chronic risk cannot be excluded due to insufficient data 

3

 No RQ value can be calculated for other non-target terrestrial invertebrates due to the lack of data, and therefore, 

risk cannot be precluded. 

4

 Indirect effects are possible for all animals and plants that rely on plants and other primary food chain animals for 

food, habitat, or other environmental resources. 

N/A = Not applicable. A = Acute. C = Chronic. 

Potential effects to federally-listed endangered and threatened species (listed species) based on 

LOC exceedances are preliminary and will require an in-depth listed species evaluation to 

determine the potential co-occurrence of listed species and use patterns of bentazon. 

Based on this screening-level assessment, acute and chronic risk resulting from direct effects is 

not expected for listed freshwater and estuarine/marine fish (surrogates for aquatic-phase 

amphibians), and freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates. 

Precautionary labeling for beneficial insects is not required based on the acute toxicity data for 

honey bees. Risk resulting from direct effects to listed terrestrial invertebrates is uncertain from 

the use of bentazon on its registered use sites. 

Potential direct effects to listed birds (surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles), 

mammals, and terrestrial and aquatic plants from the use of bentazon may be associated with 

modification of primary constituent elements (PCEs) of designated critical habitat, where such 

designations have been made. However, at the current stage of the Registration Review process, 

it is premature to make effects determinations for listed species until further scientific analysis 

and refinements are conducted, based on recommendations received from the National Academy 

of Sciences’ (NAS) National Research Council (NRC) April 2013 report, available at 

http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18344. The NAS report outlines recommendations 

on specific scientific and technical issues related to the development of pesticide risk 

assessments that are compliant with the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Federal 

Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

The EPA along with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), the National Marine Fisheries 

Service (NMFS) (collectively, the Services), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 

released a summary of their implementation plan for assessing risks of pesticides to listed species 

ahead of the stakeholder workshop held on November 15, 2013. This plan was developed in 

response to the NAS’ recommendations, including a common approach to risk assessment as a 

way of addressing scientific differences between EPA and the Services. During the workshop, 

the agencies received feedback from the public on the interim scientific approaches that were 

developed as part of the initial implementation of the NAS recommendations. These approaches 

will be jointly implemented and vetted as part of a phased iterative process. Once fully vetted, 

5 
EPA will further refine the listed species effects determination portion of this risk assessment. 

To make effects determinations for individual listed species, useful refinements may include, but 

are not limited to, analyses of: 1) more detailed, species-specific ecological and biological data; 

2) more detailed and accurate information on bentazon use patterns; and 3) sub-county level 

spatial proximity data for the co-occurrence of potential effects areas and listed species and any 

designated critical habitat. Examples of such refinements are described below. 

EFED is currently developing tools that are expected to further refine the assessment and are 

designed to support effects determinations for individual federally listed species and their 

designated critical habitats (where applicable). Scientific information obtained from the Services, 

and other reliable sources is being collated by EFED to address all currently listed species. This 

information is being stored in an Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Pesticide Registration 

Information SysteM (PRISM) listed species knowledgebase. The listed species knowledgebase 

consists of an information repository that houses biological and behavioral information relevant 

to individual species (e.g., habitat, diet, and life history, including specific temporal and spatial 

associations) and a document repository that contains supporting documents (e.g., USFWS 

recovery plans) and electronic information (e.g., GIS data files). For terrestrial taxa, biological 

information relevant to the assessment (e.g., diet and body weight) will be used to parameterize 

exposure estimates using a method consistent with currently used methods in the T-REX and THERPS models. 

Refinements will also include more detailed analyses of the registered uses and specific use 

patterns that result in either “Likely to Adversely Affect” (LAA) or “Not Likely to Adversely 

Affect” (NLAA) determinations for federally listed species. The analyses may include more 

information on where, when, and how bentazon is used on all use sites. Actual usage data (when 

available) and national land-cover datasets that indicate potential use sites [e.g., National Land 

Cover Dataset (NLCD), Cropland Data Layer (CDL)] may be used to support a more refined 

analysis of where bentazon is reasonably expected to be used. Similarly, refinements on the 

timing of applications and a more in-depth exploration of agronomic practices for bentazon may 

be included as part of the refinement. 

The refinements based on individual species data; additional, detailed usage information, when 

available; and recommendations from the NRC report are expected to help to more accurately 

identify potential areas of effect and to better inform effects and habitat determinations for listed 

species and any designated critical habitats. 

I. Problem Formulation 

A Registration Review Problem Formulation document was completed for bentazon in February 

of 2010 (USEPA 2010). Two endpoints described in the Problem Formulation are considered 

qualitative and their relevance is uncertain because they involved a formulation that is not 

registered in the U.S. Therefore these endpoints were not used quantitatively in this assessment. 

Additionally, five studies became available: an acute avian oral (passerine) study (Guideline 

850.2100; MRID 49141203), an acute fathead minnow study (850.1075: MRID 48970704), an 

early life-cycle fathead minnow study (850.1400; MRID 48970706), a freshwater invertebrate 

6 
life cycle (850.1300; MRID 48970705), and an aquatic plant growth: algae, tier 2 (850.5400; 

MRID 48970703). Four of these studies fulfilled data gaps identified in the problem formulation. 

Two additional data gaps identified in the problem formulation went unfulfilled: a tier 2 seedling 

emergence study (Guideline 850.4100) and a tier 2 vegetative vigor study (850.4150). Two 

submitted plant studies were classified as supplemental (MRIDs42129606 and 42129607). 

Previous Assessments 

Other recent actions were detailed in the Bentazon Problem Formulation. Only the findings from 

the most recent ecological risk assessment is reviewed in this document. This most recent 

ecological risk assessment concerned the IR-4 use of bentazon to control weeds in peach and 

nectarine orchards (USEPA 2005, DP 314025) and reached the following conclusions:

Aquatic Organisms – no acute levels of concern (LOCs) were exceeded for freshwater and 

estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates, but listed LOCs were exceeded (no non-listed LOCs 

exceeded) for aquatic plants. Chronic toxicity data for freshwater and estuarine/marine 

organisms had not been submitted by the registrant; therefore, the potential chronic risk to 

aquatic organisms could not be determined. 

Terrestrial Organisms – Based on results from the acute oral dose studies, the proposed use of 

bentazon exceeded LOCs for acute risk and listed species for certain types of birds and 

mammals. Specifically, acute LOCs were exceeded for small to medium birds that consume 

plants or small insects. Acute LOCs were also exceeded for small mammals that feed on 

short grass. The LOCs for presumption of acute risk to non-listed species were not exceeded; 

however, LOCs for presumption of risk to listed species, as well as for risk that may be 

mitigated through restricted use designation, were exceeded. No LOC was exceeded when 

the risk assessment was based on results from subacute dietary studies. The LOC for chronic 

risk was not exceeded for birds, but was exceeded for many types of mammals. Potential 

chronic effects in mammals include reduced pup weights, and decreased food consumption 

and body weight in adults. 

Plants – The proposed use was determined to exceed the LOC for plants in wetland areas near 

the application site but not for plants in upland habitats. The use did not exceed the LOC for 

effects on vegetative vigor that are associated with only foliar exposure from spray drift. It 

should be noted, however, that this assessment was based only on ground exposure. Greater 

exposure, and thus greater risk, may result from spray drift form aerial applications. 

Overall conclusions – the use of bentazon potentially could adversely affect some listed species 

of birds, mammals, and plants. Specifically, listed small birds and mammals that feed on 

grass, broadleaf plants, or insects may be affected by acute exposure, and listed mammals of 

all sizes that feed on several food types may be affected by chronic exposure. The use could 

also adversely affect listed plants occurring in semi-aquatic areas near the application site. 

Key Uncertainties/Information Gaps identified:

o Chronic toxicity data for estuarine/marine organisms were not submitted by the 

registrant; therefore, the potential chronic risk to aquatic organisms was not determined 

in this assessment. 

o The avian and mammalian chronic risk quotients were calculated based on the maximum 

estimated residue concentration (based on Kenaga monograph) and the default foliar 

7 
o The risk assessment did not include toxicity studies using bentazon degradates. Bentazon 

degradates were also not analyzed in any of the terrestrial field studies. Toxicity data is 

not available for bentazon degradates. 

o The potential for endocrine disruptor related effects was observed in mammalian and 

avian reproduction toxicity studies using bentazon. There is also a potential for endocrine 

disruptor related effects due to the toxicity of the degradates of bentazon. This risk 

assessment has not included an evaluation of the relative risk of bentazon and its 

degradates for endocrine disruption and, as such, is a source of uncertainty in this 

assessment.

II. Use Characterization and Methods of Application 

Bentazon is an active ingredient in several selective herbicide products, including those that go 

by the trade names Basagran, Result, ARY 0485-001, Storm, Biscayne, and Bashazon. It is used 

for post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds and sedges in numerous agricultural field crops, 

including corn, soybeans, beans, rice, cereals, and potatoes, as well as around trees and vines in 

various fruit and nut crops. Bentazon is also used to control weeds in residential and recreational 

lawns and around ornamental plants. Bentazon is always applied as a spray. Use data from 2004-

2012 indicate an annual average domestic use of approximately 1.081 million pounds of 

bentazon active ingredient (USEPA, 2014). It may be applied as a broadcast spray by aircraft or 

high pressure ground sprayer, or by ground equipment as a directed spray, or band treatment. It 

is available as liquid and water dispersible granules (dry flowable) formulations. Typically, 

registered labels allow bentazon to be applied at a rate of 1 to 2 lb acid equivalent (ae)/acre per 

application, with a maximum rate per year or crop season of 2 lb ae/acre, and a minimum 

retreatment interval of 5 or 7 days. 

Currently, many of the product labels do not state a maximum number of applications allowed 

per year or crop season. Through discussions with the registrants, EFED believes that the 

detailed information on maximum application rates and use patterns given in Table 2 will be 

implemented on all bentazon labels (information not currently on labels indicated as bolded 

values in Table 2). The bentazon risk assessment is based on the information shown in this table. 

If for any reason the final bentazon labels contained higher application rates, higher numbers of 

applications, and/or shorter minimum retreatment intervals, the actual risks posed by those 

products may exceed the risk estimated in this assessment. 

8 
Table 2.1 Maximum Application Rates, Number of Applications, and Minimum 

Retreatment Intervals for Specific Bentazon Uses. 

Use Site 

Max Single 

Application 

Rate (lb ae/A) 

Max # 

Apps/CC

Max 

App 

Rate/ 

CC 

Max # 

Apps / 

Year 

Max 

App 

Rate/ 

Year 

Minimum 

Retreatment 

Interval 

Foliar Applications 

Alfalfa, Clover grown for seed 1 2 2 2 2 5 

Beans, Beans, dried-type, Beans, succulent, 

Beans, succulent (lima), Peas, dried-type, 

and Peas, succulent 

1.5 2 2 2 2 5 

Corn (silage), Corn (unspecified), Corn, 

field, Corn, pop, and Corn, sweet 1.5 2 2 2 2 5 

Nonagricultural rights-ofway/fencerows/hedgerows, and 

Nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils 

1 2 2 2 2 7 

Nursery stock, Ornamental and/or shade 

trees, Ornamental herbaceous plants, 

Ornamental lawns and turf, Ornamental 

nonflowering plants, and Ornamental 

woody shrubs and vines, Ornamentals 

1 2 2 2 2 7 

Peanuts 1.5 2 2 2 2 5 

Peppermint and Spearmint 1.5 2 2 2 2 5 

Residential lawns 1 2 2 2 2 7 

Rice 1 2 2 2 2 5 

Sorghum and Sorghum (silage) 1 2 1 2 1 5 

Soybeans, Soybeans, edible (edamame) 1.5 2 2 2 2 5 

At Planting/Pre-plant Above-ground, Foliar Applications (to control existing weeds prior to, or at the time of, 

planting) 

Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, 

Blackberry, Blueberry, Cherry, Crabapple, 

Date, Fig, Grapefruit, Grapes, Lemon, 

Lime, Macadamia nut (bushnut), Nectarine, 

Olive, Orange, Peach, Pear, Pecan, 

Pistachio, Plum, Pomegranate, Prune, 

Raspberry (black, red), Tangelo, 

Tangerines, and Walnut (English/black) 

1 2 2 2 2 5 

CC = Crop Cycle. ae = Acid Equivalents. Bolded values identify information to be included in future labels, but not 

present on all current labels. 

III. Environmental Fate 

3.1 Bentazon 

Bentazon is relatively non-volatile under field conditions (vapor pressure <1 × 10-7 mm Hg) and 

has a low potential for bioaccumulation (log Kow = -0.46). Bentazon has low binding affinities 

with soil matrices based on leaching and batch equilibrium studies, making it prone to runoff to 

surface water and infiltration into ground water. Degradation of bentazon occurs by abiotic 

photodegradation in water and only slowly through abiotic hydrolysis under acidic pH 

conditions. Bentazon is subject to microbial degradation in the aerobic soil environment and in 

aquatic field dissipation studies, but did not degrade in laboratory aquatic metabolism studies. 

The major routes of transport to non-target sites include runoff, spray drift, and leaching. 

9 
Degradation 

Bentazon is quite stable to hydrolysis in pH 5, 7, and 9 buffered solutions (t1⁄2 = 392 and 1197 

days at pH 5 and 7, respectively). Abiotic degradation of bentazon is controlled by 

photodegradation in water with a half-life of 2.63 days. Laboratory photolysis studies produced a 

large number of degradates (Appendix B) with o-amino-N-isopropyl benzamide (AIBA) and onitro-N-isopropyl benzamide having the highest concentrations (both occurring at 27 % of 

applied radioactivity (%AR) in abiotic aquatic photolysis studies). The degradate AIBA (found 

only in an aquatic photolysis study) demonstrated high mobility and vulnerability to microbial 

mediated degradation in soil. Hence it is considered very mobile, but not persistent. 

These photolysis degradates were not found in the aquatic field dissipation studies. NMB, a 

degradate produced in the laboratory aerobic soil metabolism studies, was the only degradate 

detected in the aquatic field dissipation studies in rice paddies. Because photodegradation is most 

active in the water layer closest to the surface, a rice paddy would theoretically be expected to 

produce an abundance of photodegradates since the paddies are very shallow water bodies. 

Potentially, the photodegradates were produced in these paddies (similar to the laboratory 

aquatic photolysis studies), but are rapidly metabolized under field conditions (unlike the abiotic

conditions of the laboratory aquatic photolysis studies). 

In aerobic mineral soils, Bentazon degradation is mainly controlled by microbial processes with 

subsequent residue incorporation into soil organic matter and to a lesser extent by oxidative 

mineralization to CO2 (t1⁄2 = 4.3 to 68 days after correction to 25°C). The most common 

degradates of bentazon in the aerobic soil environment other than unextracted residues (80.4 

%AR) or CO2 (24.2 %AR) are N-methylbentazon (NMB) at 3.8 %AR and 8-Cl-bentazon at 1.2 

%AR. The degradate NMB demonstrated a lack of mobility in a column leaching study and 

therefore, is more of a concern to surface waters rather than groundwater. There are no data 

available relating to NMB’s persistence in the environment. Bentazon is quite stable under 

aerobic aquatic conditions (t1⁄2 = 848 and 1100 days) or anaerobic aquatic metabolism conditions 

(t1⁄2 = 3555 days). 

Transport 

The vapor pressure and Henry’s law constants of bentazon indicate that the chemical has a low 

potential to volatilize from soil and water. Batch equilibrium studies indicate that bentazon has 

low binding affinities with soil. The laboratory estimated Kds range from 0.18 to 0.45 L/Kg for 

various soils and a sediment (except 3.06 L/Kg for a heavy clay soil). Bentazon and its degradate 

AIBA are mobile in mineral soils. In leaching studies, bentazon and AIBA were observed in the 

leachate of a 30 cm soil column. This indicates a potential for movement of bentazon and its 

degradation product from treatment sites to groundwater. Ground water monitoring data 

described in the EFED RED Science Chapter (U.S. EPA, 1994) show bentazon occurring in four 

out of eight states sampled including California (with the greatest number of detections, 

extending over 11 counties and found in 64 of 200 wells), Florida, Missouri, and Virginia. The 

detected levels ranged from 0.01 to 20.0 μg/L. This monitoring data suggested the presence of 

bentazon in ground water appeared to be the result of agricultural usage. However, in a study on 

the leaching of pesticides from golf courses in Florida, bentazon residues were detected in 3 out 

of 24 wells with concentrations ranging from 3.3 to 120 μg/L. More recent ground and surface 

10 
water sampling by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the US 

Geological Survey (USGS) found bentazon residues in groundwater samples from 29 states 

(maximum of 11.46 μg/L) and surface water samples in 30 states (maximum of 8.6 μg/L). (The 

NAWQA data set is further described in the Monitoring Data Section.) 

Terrestrial Field Dissipation 

Field dissipation studies were conducted in: Texas on sandy soil planted with peanuts; 

Mississippi on a Commerce silt loam soil planted with soybeans and peanuts; Mississippi on a 

Sharkey silty clay loam soil planted with soybeans; North Carolina on acidic, sandy loam soil 

planted with peanuts; Minnesota on clay soil planted with soybeans; and Idaho on a bare-ground 

sandy loam soil. In these studies, bentazon (applied as a wettable powder or soluble concentrate 

at cumulative rates of 1.0 to 10 lbs ae/A) had field dissipation half-lives of 7 to 33 days. The 

degradate AIBA was detected (<0.05 ppm) in the North Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, and 

Idaho field dissipation studies. Bentazon and AIBA were not detected in deep soil samples (>12 

inches deep) in field studies. 

Aquatic Field Dissipation 

Bentazon was applied in dry and flooded (~l inch depth) bare ground plots located in Mississippi 

and Louisiana. The Mississippi plots, consisting of clay soil (1.4-1.8% organic matter), were 

treated using a backpack sprayer with a spray volume of 19.8-21.6 gallons per acre (gpa). The 

Louisiana plots, consisting of sandy loam soil (1.2-1.6% organic matter), were treated using a 

hand-held sprayer with a spray volume of 21.54-23.12 gpa. EFED calculated first-order 

dissipation half-lives for bentazon in water of 1.3 and 1.7 days for Mississippi plots and 6.2 and 

3.4 days for Louisiana plots. Infrequent detections of minor degradate NMB were observed in 

water samples. Sediment and whole system half-lives were not evaluated given the lack of soil 

storage stability data. 

Bioaccumulation 

Low levels of bentazon were accumulated in the tissues of bluegill sunfish and channel catfish. 

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for bentazon residues in bluegill sunfish was 0.4 in edible fish 

tissue, 2.3 in non-edible fish tissues, and 1.4 in the whole body (MRID 42236501). Depuration 

half-lives were 23.1 days in edible tissues, 13.9 in non-edible (viscera) tissues, and 13.9 in whole 

fish. 

Low BCF values for bentazon were also observed in the channel catfish (MRIDs 00164087 and 

40954801. After 28 days of exposure, channel catfish had BCFs of 17 for fillet, 22 for whole 

fish, and 27 for viscera. Residue levels did not show a clear decline during the 14 day depuration 

period with fillet decreasing, whole fish remaining stable, and viscera appearing to slightly 

increase over the depuration period. Based on the log Kow of -0.46 at pH 7 (MRID 00157712), 

the potential for bioaccumulation in organisms is low for bentazon in a neutral environment. 

Selected physical, chemical and environmental fate properties of bentazon are listed in Table 

3.1. 

11 
Table 3.1. Physical, Chemical and Environmental Fate Properties of Bentazon

Property Value Source 

(Classification) 

Common name Sodium Bentazon TRID 470166029 

CAS Registry No. 50723-80-3 TRID 470166029 

PC Code 103901 USEPA 1994 

Chemical name (CAS) 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-

one 2,2-dioxide sodium salt

CPCN2

IUPAC name sodium 3,4-dihydro-3-isopropyl-4-oxo-2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-1-ide 2,2-dioxide

CPCN2

SMILES notation c1cc2[N-]S(N(C(c2cc1)=O)C(C)C)(=O)=O.[Na+] EPISUITE 4.11 

Synonyms BAS 351H MRID 41448001 

Structure 

N

NSO2

O

CH3

CH3

Na+ EPISUITE 4.11

Molecular formula C10H12N2NaO3S EPISUITE 4.11

Physical and Chemical Properties 

Molecular weight 262.26 g/mol EPISUITE 4.11

Vapor pressure <1 × 10-7 mm Hg (25oC) USEPA 1994 

Henry’s Law constant <5.55 × 10-7 atm m3/mol Calculated3

Solubility in water 570 mg/L @ 22oC TRID 470166029 

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient 

(log Kow) 

-0.46 (pH 7) MRID 00157712 

Laboratory accumulation in fish 

bioaccumulation factor (BCF) 

bluegill sunfish (Lepomis 

macrochirus) 

channel catfish (Ictalurus 

punctatus)

0.4× in edible tissues 

2.3× non-edible (viscera) tissues 

1.4× whole fish 

Depuration half-lives of 23.1 days in edible tissues, 

13.9 in non-edible (viscera) tissues, and 13.9 in 

whole fish. 

17× in edible tissues 

27× non-edible (viscera) tissues 

22× whole fish 

Residue levels did not depurate during the 14 day 

MRID 42236501 

MRID 40954801 

12 
Property Source Value (Classification) 

depuration period. 

Environmental Fate Properties 

Hydrolysis half-life 

 pH = 5 

 pH = 7 

 pH = 9 

392 days (SFO) @ 25°

C 

1197 days (SFO) @ 25°

C 

Stable @ 25°

C 

MRID 00161293 

(Acceptable) 

Photolysis half-life in water 3.43 days (IORE) @ 25°C 

Multiple Degradates (Appendix A) 

MRID 43646201 

(Acceptable) 

Photolysis half-life in soil 11.1 days 

Multiple Degradates (Appendix A) 

MRID 00040785 

(Acceptable) 

Aerobic soil metabolism half-life 54.0 days (Sandy Clay Loam) (SFO) 

4.3 days (Sandy Loam) (SFO) 

10.9 days (Loam) (SFO) 

68.5 days (Sandy Loam) (SFO) 

29.3 days (Loamy Sand) (IORE) 

39.6 days (Clay Loam) (SFO) 

(all corrected to 25°C4

) 

Major Degradates: 

Unextracted Residues (Max 80.4% @ day 180) 

CO2 (Max 24.2% @ day 367) 

MRID 00040209 

(In review) 

MRID 00067244 

(Supplemental) 

MRID 40470502 

(Acceptable) 

Anaerobic soil metabolism half-life No Data Submitted -- 

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism halflife for total system Total System: 3555 days (SFO) @ 25°C 

(No Major degradates) 

MRID 40470503 

(Acceptable) 

Aerobic aquatic metabolism half-life 

for total system 

848 days (DFOP) @ 25°C 

(No Major degradates) 

MRID 40470504 

(Supplemental) 

Soil adsorption coefficient 

Kd (L/kg) 

Adsorption

0.176 (MS Clay sediment) 

0.422 (IL Clay) 

0.384 (MI Clay) 

3.056 (CA Heavy clay) 

0.45 (NC Loamy sand) 

MRID 40470501 

(Acceptable) 

Terrestrial field dissipation half-life 3.14 days (SFO) MS Silt Loam 

5.48 days (SFO) MS Silt Loam 

5.75 days (SFO) MS Silt Loam 

11.4 days (SFO) MN Silty Clay Loam (1.0 lb ae/A) 

6.5 days (SFO) MN Silty Clay Loam (2.0 lb ae/A) 

8.4 days (SFO) MS Silty Clay (1.0 lb ae/A) 

12.6 days (SFO) MS Silty Clay (3.0 lb ae/A) 

15.0 days (SFO) AL Sandy Loam (10.0 lb ae/A) 

5.9 days (SFO) AL Sandy Loam (2.0 lb ae/A) 

12.1 days (SFO) NC Sandy Loam (2.0 lb ae/A) 

MRID 00044390 

MRID 00044400 

MRID 00044401 

MRID 00044402 

MRID 00044405 

MRID 00106226 

MRID 00108287 

13 
Property Source Value (Classification) 

54.7 days (SFO) ID Sandy Loam (1.5 lb ae/A) 

76.7 days (SFO) ID Sandy Loam (3.0 lb ae/A) 

No major degradates were reported 

MRID 00108296 

(All Acceptable) 

Aquatic field dissipation half-life Water column 

Mississippi: 1.3 to 1.7 days 

Louisiana: 3.4 to 6.2 days 

Sediment and whole system 

Not calculated5

MRID 434319-01 

1 http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm

2 Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html) 3 Calculated according to USEPA 2009c by: (VP × MW)/(760 × solubility). 

4

 DT50s values are Arrhenius-adjusted temperature @ 25°C for exposure model inputs 5 Sediment and whole system half lives were not evaluated for lack of soil storage stability data for 

bentazon.

3.2 Bentazon Degradates 

There are only two fate studies that specifically address a bentazon degradate. Both are for 

degradate AIBA. MRID 00083339 is an abiotic hydrolysis study of AIBA (o-amino-N-isopropyl 

benzamide) and yielded half-lives of 384, 932, and 1886 days at pH 5, 7, and 9 in de-ionized 

water. MRID 00040788 is a soil-column leaching study that indicated that AIBA readily leaches 

from soil. Structures and percent formation of degradation products in various environmental 

fate studies are provided in Appendix C. 

ECOSAR results suggest that bentazon degradates may be equally toxic (AIBA, o-nitro-Nisopropyl benzamide, o-nitroso-N-isopropylbenzamide, photoproduct 10 and N-methylbentazon) 

or more toxic (photoproducts 12 and 13) than parent bentazon. ECOSAR estimates the 

photoproducts 12 and 13 are 32, 98, 18, 31, and 16 times more toxic than bentazon for fresh 

water fish, daphnids, green algae, saltwater fish and saltwater mysid respectively. The estimated 

toxicity values by ECOSAR for bentazon are similar to observed toxicity values from the 

submitted studies (Appendix D). Based on the ECOSAR analysis, there are 7 degradates of 

concern: AIBA, O-nitro-N-isopropyl benzamide, O-nitroso-N-isopropylbenzamide, 

photoproducts #10, #12 and #13 from MRID 00040785, and N-methylbentazon. 

The two photoproducts that are potentially more toxic than bentazon (photoproducts 12 and 13) 

are dimers that are formed by conjoining two bentazon molecules (There are two different 

photoproducts because the attachment site is different on one of the bentazon molecules in the 

each of these photoproducts.) Potentially, dimers could form in the field (in which case it would 

be appropriate to assess their risk), or dimers could be a laboratory artifact (forming in the 

extraction procedure in which case it would be inappropriate to assess their risk). Considering 

that photoproduct 12 and 13 occurred a 9.4% and 8.8% of applied radioactivity in the soil 

photolysis portion of MRID 00040785 and at 14% for both photoproducts (12 and 13) in the 

aquatic photolysis portion of this same study (performed in 1974), but were not observed in a 

later aquatic photolysis study (MRID 43431904; performed in 1994) or the aquatic field 

14 
dissipation study of rice paddies (MRID 43431901; performed in 1992), it seems more likely the 

case that these photoproducts are laboratory artifacts generated in only this one particular 

aquatic/soil photolysis study. 

IV. Summary of Ecological Effects 

Bentazon is practically non-toxic to moderately toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial animals 

based on available toxicity studies. Bentazon shows more toxic to dicotyledons (dicot), or 

broadleaf than to monocotyledons (monocot), or grasses and sedges. In general, studies with the 

typical end-use product (TEP) showed similar toxicity to the technical grade active ingredient 

(TGAI). Registrant submitted toxicity studies are not available for degradation products. The 

open literature contains several studies on bentazon toxicity to non-target organisms. A review of 

ECOTOX data is included in Appendix J. This review focused on studies that included more 

sensitive end points than registrant submitted data. Toxicity endpoints (from registrant and 

ecotox studies) used to calculate risk quotients (RQs) are reported in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. All 

available studies including additional details are provided in Appendix E. 

Table 4.1 The most Sensitive Bentazon Toxicity Endpoints for Aquatic Organisms 

Taxa Species Exposure Toxicity endpoint MRID 

Rainbow trout 

(Salmo gairdneri) 96-hr LC50 = 190 mg ae/L MRID 00041075 Fish (both fresh and salt water) 

Fathead minnows 

(Pimephales promelas) Early Life Cycle NOAEC: 9.83 mg ae/L LOAEC: >9.83 mg ae/L MRID 48970704 

Midge 

(Chironomus riparius) 48-h (Water only) LC50 = 62.3 (54.3-70.9) mg a.i./L ECOTOX# 72621 

48-hr LC50 > 100 mg ae/L MRID 00161303 

Aquatic 

invertebrates 

(both fresh and 

salt water) Waterflea 

(Daphnia magna) 21 day chronic 

toxicity 

NOAEC: 101.2 mg ae/L 

LOAEC: >101.2 mg ae/L MRID 48970705 

Green algae EC50 = 4.5 mg ae/L 

(Selenastrum 

capricornutum)

120 hr; Growth and 

Reproduction NOAEC = 0.9 mg ae/L 

LOAEC = 1.7 mg ae/L 

MRID 42129603 

EC50 = 5.35 mg ae/L 

Aquatic plants 

Duckweed 

(Lemna gibba) 

14 day; Growth and 

Reproduction NOAEC = 1.53 mg ae/L 

LOAEC = 3.06 mg ae/L 

MRID 42129605 

1

 Fish represent surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians.

Table 4.2 The most Sensitive Bentazon Toxicity Endpoints for Terrestrial Organisms 

Species1 Exposure 

Scenario % AI Toxicity Endpoint MRID 

14-d 94 LD50 = 1171 mg ai/kg bw 

NOAEL = 500 mg ai/kg bw 00161296 

Northern bobwhite 

quail (Colinus 

virginianus)

Avian 

Reproduction 98 

NOAEL = 800 ppm ai 

LOAEL > 800 ppm ai 

No sub-lethal effect observed at the highest dose 

44337801 

15 
8-d 42 LC50= 4830 mg ai/kg diet3 

NOAEL= 903 mg ai/kg diet3 00108850 

Mallard Duck (Anas 

platyrhynchos) Avian 

Reproduction 

(22 weeks) 

98 

NOAEL = 800 ppm ai 

LOAEL > 800 ppm ai 

No sub-lethal effect observed at the highest dose 

44227402 

Zebra finch 

(Taeniopygia 

guttata) 

14-d 

(acute oral) 100 LD50 = 281 mg ai/kg bw 

NOAEL = 160 mg ai/Kg 49141203 

Acute Oral 94 LD50 = 1480 mg ai/kg bw 00092065, 

00064314 

Rat (Rattus 

norvegicus) 2-generation 

reproduction 97.8 

NOAEL = 15 mg ai/kg/day 

LOAEL = 62 mg ai/kg/day 

Reduced pup growth (body weight gain) during 

lactation. 

41054902 

Honey bee 

(Apis mellifera) 

48-hr 

(contact) 94 LD50 > 100 μg ai/bee 00161305 

Monocots 

Ryegrass (Lolium 

perenne) 

Seedling 

Emergence 53 

EC25 > 1 lb ai/A 

NOAEL = 0.11 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129607 

Monocots 

Onion (Allium cepa) 

Vegetative 

Vigor 53 

EC25 = 0.16 lb ai/A 

NOAEL= 0.125 lb ai/A 

(plant height) 

42129606 

Dicots 

Lettuce (Lactuca 

sativa) 

Seedling 

Emergence 

53 

EC25 = 0.13 lb ai/A 

NOAEL = 0.11 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129607 

Dicots 

Cabbage (Brassica 

oleracea) 

Vegetative 

Vigor 53 

EC25 = 0.046 lb ai/A 

NOAEL= 0.025 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129606 

1

 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. 

4.1. Aquatic Organisms

Bentazon is practically non-toxic to freshwater and estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis with a 

96-hr LC50 > 100 mg ae/L (bluegill sunfish; MRID 00161299/00161300 and fathead minnow; 

MRID 48970704) and LC50 >136 mg ae/L (sheepshead minnow; MRID 42129601), 

respectively. An early life-stage study with fathead minnow showed a NOAEC value at 9.83 m

ae/L (the highest concentration tested) based on mean-measured concentration (MRID 

g 

8970706). 

), 

 an EC50 >133 mg ae/L, based on a 

4

On an acute basis, bentazon is slightly toxic to practically non-toxic to freshwater and 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. In freshwater, the water flea had a 48-hr LC50 of >245 mg ae/L

(MRID 00161304), while the midge had a 48-hr LC50 of >62.3 mg ai/L (ECOTOX# 72621

respectively. In saltwater, bentazon is practically non-toxic to Eastern oyster (Crassostrea 

virginica) with an EC50 >109 mg ae/L, based on a submitted 96-hr acute toxicity study (MRID

42293501), and Mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) with

16 
submitted 96-hr acute toxicity study (MRID 42129602). 

tom showed a 96 

r EC50 ≥ 31.2 mg ae/L and the NOAEC ≥ 12.9 mg ae/L (MRID 48970703). 

ed in the 

e active ingredient alone. 

herefore, these open literature studies will not be used to derive RQs. 

4.2. Terrestrial Organisms

h an 

hest treatment level, which was 800 

g/kg-diet, a LOAEC was not established in this study. 

n that 

ody 

PTT), and abnormal red cell morphology) during the first 13 weeks 

SEPA 2014b D422967). 

 

The green algae and duckweed toxicity tests resulted in EC50 values of 4.5 and 5.4 mg ae/L, 

respectively (MRIDs 42129603 and 42129605). A study with a freshwater dia

h

It should be noted that two open literature studies were identified in the problem formulation as

having more sensitive endpoints than the registrant submitted studies for aquatic invertebrates 

and algae (references 1141181

 and 1119182). These studies are considered qualitative and their 

relevance to effects is uncertain because they involved a formulation that is not register

U.S. Comparison of toxicity data for TGAI (LC50 = 125 mg/L; MRID 161303) and a 

formulation that is registered in the US (i.e., Basagran; 48.9% a.i.; LC50>500 mg/L; MRID 

161304), do not suggest that basagran formulation is more toxic than th

T

Bentazon is moderately toxic to a passerine species, zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), wit

LD50 of 281 mg ai/kg bw (MRID 49141203). However, it is slightly toxic to the northern 

bobwhite quail with an LD50 of 1,171 mg ai/kg bw (MRID 00161296) and practically non-toxic 

to the mallard duck with LD50 of 14,483 mg ai/kg bw (MRID 00041804) on an acute oral basis. 

There were no effects up to and at 4,200 mg ai/kg diet for the bobwhite quail (MRID 00108851). 

It is slightly toxic to the mallard duck with an LD50 of 4,830 mg ai/kg diet (MRID 00108850) on

a subacute dietary basis. In a 22-week avian reproduction study for both the northern bobwhite 

quail and mallard duck, the NOAEC was determined to be 800 mg/kg diet (MRIDs 44227402 

and 44337801). Since no effects were observed at the hig

m

Bentazon is slightly toxic to mammals with an LD50 of 1,480 mg ai/kg bw (MRID 

00092065/00064314) on an oral acute basis. In a 2-generation reproduction study with rats, 

reproductive chronic effects were observed including reduced pup growth during lactatio

resulted in NOAEL and LOAEL values of 16 and 62 mg ai/kg/day, respectively (MRID 

41054902). The results were concurred by another chronic dog study that the NOAEL is 13.1 

mg/kg/day and LOAEL is 52.3 mg/kg/day upon clinical signs (emaciation, dehydration, blo

stool, pale mucous membranes, moderated activity) and slight to severe anemia (decreased 

hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count, decreased reticulocytes, platelets, leukocytes, 

partial thromboplastin time (

(U

1

 Hourmant, A., A. Amara, and P. Pouline. 2009. Effect of Bentazon on Growth and Physiological Responses of 

Marine Diatom: Chaetoceros gracilis. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 19:109-115. 2

 Stachowski-Haberkorn, S., Quiniou, F., Nedelec, M., Robert, R., Limon, G., and de la Broise, D. 2008. In-situ 

microcosms, a tool for assessment of pesticide impacts on oyster spat (Crassostrea gigas). Ecotoxicology 17: 235-

245. 

17 
The most sensitive endpoint in the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor terrestrial plant 

studies was plant dry weight. Results from terrestrial plant studies reflect the selectivity of 

bentazon in that they exhibit greater effects to dicots than to monocots. Phytotoxicity data 

submitted by the registrants did not establish a LOAEC for seedling emergence and vegetative 

vigor for all ten test species. However, since the non-target plant risk assessment will be bas

on effects to the most sensitive test species, and data from the studies did establish that the 

species for which LOAECs were not determined were relatively inse

ed 

nsitive species, additional 

hytotoxicity data are not required to complete the risk assessment. 

 data, larval acute data, chronic data for adult and larvae are available for this 

sk assessment. 

kill in 

, 

his 

ith 

 played in 

was 

onducted on October 2, 2014. No incidents associated with bentazon were identified. 

orted 

get’ 

The 

life incidents and no minor other non-target 

cidents for either bentazon active ingredient. 

p

Bentazon is practically non-toxic to honey bees on an acute contact basis resulting in an LD50

>100 μg ai /bee (MRID 00161395). However, there are data gaps for the honey bee studies. No

adult oral toxicity

ri

4.4. Incident Information

No new incident information was found since the last review (USEPA 2010) in the Ecological 

Incident Information System (EIIS, version 2.1), which is maintained by the Agency’s Office of 

Pesticide Programs (accessed September, 2014). The previous review (USEPA 2010) identified 

two incidents potentially associated with bentazon. One incident (I014341-016) was a bee 

which residues of bentazon and the insecticide dimethoate were detected in the dead bees 

indicating bentazon exposure. However, as dimethoate is much more toxic to bees than bentazon

this mortality event was likely caused by the exposure to dimethoate, rather than bentazon. T

incident is therefore classified as “probable” for dimethoate and “unlikely” for bentazon. A 

second incident involved damage to a peanut crop from direct application of bentazon along w

four other herbicides (I011838-012). This incident was classified as “possible” for bentazon. 

Since five herbicidal active ingredients were applied to the crop, the role that bentazon

causing the plant damage is uncertain. A preliminary review of the Avian Monitoring 

Information System (AIMS), which is maintained by the American Bird Conservancy, 

c

In addition to the incidents recorded in EIIS and AIMS, additional incidents have been rep

to the Agency in aggregated incident reports. Pesticide registrants report certain types of 

incidents to the Agency as aggregate counts of incidents occurring per product per quarter. 

Ecological incidents reported in aggregate reports include those categorized as ‘minor fish and 

wildlife’ (W-B), ‘minor plant’ (P-B), and ‘other non-target’ (ONT) incidents. ‘Other non-tar

incidents include reports of adverse effects to insects and other terrestrial invertebrates. For 

bentazon, registrants have reported 38 minor plant incidents associated with sodium bentazon 

(PC code 103901) and one minor plant incident associated with bentazon (PC code 275200). 

registrants have reported no minor fish and wild

in

18 
5.1 Aquatic habitats 

Exposure Estimates 

The Surface Water Concentration Calculator (SWCC v 1.106) model3 was used to generate 

estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) for all uses other than rice. The SWCC is a 

graphical user interface that runs the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM, v 5, November 15, 

2006) and the Variable Volume Water Body Model (VVWM, 3/6/2014) (USEPA, 2006b). 

Simulations are run for multiple (usually 30) years and the EECs represent peak values that are 

expected once every ten years based on the thirty years of daily values generated during the 

simulation. The SWCC model was parameterized using relevant use and environmental fate data 

for bentazon according to the EFED input parameter guidance for water modeling (USEPA, 

2009). For bentazon use on rice, the Tier 1 Rice model was used. Input parameters and 

representative results of SWCC and rice models are provided in Appendix F. 

There are some uncertainties associated with modeling photoproducts 12 and 13 (the potentially 

most toxic degradates). These photodegradates are dimers (two bentazon molecules joined 

together at different locations on the molecules). First, there is an uncertainty whether the dimers 

would actually form in the environment or are an artifact of the extraction procedure. 

(Potentially, dimers could be formed during the extraction procedure when the molecules are 

concentrated after removal from the environmental matrix at which point the bentazon molecules 

might react with each other to form dimers.) Second, these dimers were identified in a laboratory 

study from 1974, but not found in the aquatic field dissipation study in rice fields in 1992 or 

another laboratory study from 1994. The majority of photolytic reactions are expected to occur in 

the surficial layers of water. Therefore, the shallow water environments of rice paddies would be 

expected to be an aquatic environment where photolysis would play an exaggerated role and 

produce more photoproducts. 

The total residues method (USEPA, 2008a) is used to adjust degradation rates to account for the 

presence of these degradates of concern in the exposure assessment. This method was used to 

estimate the 1-in-10 year exposure concentrations for total residues representing the combined 

exposure to the residues of concern (bentazon and 7 degradates of concern). It should be noted 

that some of these degradates only occurred in the soil photolysis study. Soil photolysis is not 

input into the EFED’s aquatic exposure models. Therefore these degradates will not factor into 

the aquatic exposure estimates. 

The EECs based on bentazon and its degradates of concern (Bentazon+DOC) for all usage 

scenarios and highest application rates are provided in Table 5.1. The highest EECs are for rice 

at 1920 μg/L (1.92 ppm) and are based on EFED’s Tier 1 Rice Model, which does not account 

for degradation within the rice paddy prior to release of the paddy water. The next highest 

scenario in terms of the EECs produced is the KS corn scenario with a peak EEC of 88 μg/L, 

which is 20 times less than the rice model EEC. The registrant has conducted aquatic field 

dissipation studies that show similar peak concentrations to the tier 1 Rice Model, but unlike the 

Rice Model, relatively rapid degradation or sediment sequestration occurs in rice paddies. 

Potentially aquatic field dissipation studies could be used to refine the aquatic exposure from use 

 

3 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water /index.htm

19 
20 

on rice and estimate holding times that could be used to mitigate any off-site risk issues 

identified in this assessment. 
Table 5.1 Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) of Bentazon and its Degradates of Concern (B

Surface Water and Pore Water

Surface Water (μg/L) Pore Water (μg/L

Use/Scenario 

Aerial (A) or 

Ground (G) / 

Initial App. 

Dates (d-m) 

Max. Single

App. Rate 

(lb ae/A) 

Max. 

Number 

of App. 

Max. App. Rate 

Per Year 

(lb a.i./A) 

Min. App. 

Interval 

(Days) Peak 21-day 60-day Peak 21-day 

Alfalfa, Clover 

Bentazon+DOC A / 8-4 1 2 2 5 40.4 39.7 38.2 32.3 32.5 NCalfalfaOP G / 8-4 1 2 2 5 27.8 27.3 26.5 23.2 23.3 

Beans, Beans, dried-type, Beans, succulent, Beans, succulent (lima), Peas, dried-type, and Peas, succulent 

Bentazon+DOC A / 26-5 1.5 2 2 5 58.5 57.4 55.3 45.8 45.8 MIbeansSTD G / 26-5 1.5 2 2 5 48.5 47.6 45.9 38.0 38.1 

Corn (silage), Corn (unspecified), Corn, field, Corn, pop, and Corn, sweet 

Bentazon alone A / 7-5 1.5 2 2 5 81.5 79.8 77.0 61.4 61.4 KSCornStd G / 7-5 1.5 2 2 5 69.9 68.7 66.1 52.2 52.2 Bentazon+DOC A / 7-5 1.5 2 2 5 88.2 86.4 83.3 66.9 66.8 KSCornStd G / 7-5 1.5 2 2 5 70.0 68.8 66.2 52.3 52.3 

Nonagricultural rights-of-way/fencerows/hedgerows, and Nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils 

Bentazon+DOC FLturfSTD G / 27-1 1 2 2 7 12.9 12.6 12.1 10.1 10.1 

Nursery stock, Ornamental and/or shade trees, Ornamental herbaceous plants, Ornamental lawns and turf, Ornamental nonflowering pwoody shrubs and vines, Ornamentals (unspecified) 

Bentazon+DOC FLnurserySTD G / 27-1 1 2 2 7 29.4 27.4 26.1 21.1 21.1 

Peanuts (unspecified) 

Bentazon+DOC A / 8-5 1.5 2 2 5 40.5 39.9 38.4 31.3 31.3 FLnurserySTD G / 8-5 1.5 2 2 5 28.5 28.0 27.0 23.0 23.1 

Peppermint and Spearmint 

Bentazon+DOC A / 12-4 1.5 2 2 5 28.8 28.2 27.2 23.3 23.3 ORmintSTD G / 12-4 1.5 2 2 5 14.9 14.6 14.1 12.1 12.1 

Residential lawns (assumes no aerobic soil metabolism on impervious surfaces) 

Bentazon+DOC FLturfSTD with CAImperviousRLF 

G / 27-1 1 2 2 7 3.83 3.80 3.66 3.06 3.05 

Rice (Same values for bentazon alone and bentazon with degradates of concern) 

Tier 1 Rice Model NA 1 2 2 5 1920 1920 1920 

Sorghum and Sorghum (silage) 

Bentazon+DOC A / 1-4 1 2 1 5 47.6 48.4 50.1 40.6 40.6 

21 
22 

Surface Water (μg/L) Pore Water (μg/L

Use/Scenario 

Aerial (A) or 

Ground (G) / 

Initial App. 

Dates (d-m) 

Max. Single

App. Rate 

(lb ae/A) 

Max. 

Number 

of App. 

Max. App. Rate 

Per Year 

(lb a.i./A) 

Min. App. 

Interval 

(Days) Peak 21-day 60-day Peak 21-day 

TXsorghumOP G / 1-4 1 2 1 5 45.7 46.5 48.2 37.6 37.6 

Soybeans (unspecified), Soybeans, edible (edamame) 

Bentazon+DOC A / 13-4 1.5 2 2 5 78.1 76.9 74.6 61.3 61.3 MSsoybeanSTD G / 13-4 1.5 2 2 5 68.3 67.4 69.7 54.2 54.2 

At Planting/Pre-plant Applications – Almond, Apple, Apricot, Avocado, Blackberry, Blueberry, Cherry, Crabapple, Date, Fig, GrapefrLime, Macadamia nut (bushnut), Nectarine, Olive, Orange, Peach, Pear, Pecan, Pistachio, Plum, Pomegranate, Prune, Raspberry (blaTangerines, and Walnut (English/black) 

Bentazon+DOC MIbeansSTD G / 28-5 1 2 2 5 62.1 60.7 58.4 49.8 49.8 
In order to estimate the relative contribution of degradates to the total residue EECs. The corn 

scenario was run with and without the degradates of concern (DOC) in Table 5-1. Subtracting the 

without DOC EECs from the with DOC EECs indicates that in the corn scenario, the degradates 

only contributed 7 μg/L to the aerial application surface water EECs, 6 μg/L to the ground 

application surface water EECs, and 0.1 μg/L to both the ground and aerial application surface 

water EECs. Therefore, the degradates represent a relatively minor share of the combined 

bentazon and DOC exposure. 

Monitoring Data 

The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (USGS NAWQA) Data 

Warehouse (accessed 8/4/2014) has 8657 surface water sample concentration results for 

bentazon from 1084 sites in 44 states and Washington D.C. The number of samples collected at 

each site ranges from 1 to 119 and were collected between 3/15/1993 and 9/6/2012. Eighty-eight 

percent of sample results (7579) are less than the detection limit which ranged from 0.0025 to 

0.15 μg/L. Results from samples measured above the detection limit or “estimated” ranged from 

0.002 to 8.6 μg/L. At the sites with the most bentazon detections there typically was a definite 

annual peak in concentration with maximum annual concentration in late June or July. Values 

were typically below detection limits for the remainder of the year (Figure 1). In this data set, it 

appeared that: 1) the most pronounced bentazon concentration peaks occurred in the 1990s in 

comparison to the data collected after 2000; and 2) these peaks occurred at a greater number of 

sites in the 1990s relative to the data collected after 2000. 

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Bentazon Concentration (μg/L)

Date

Figure 1. Example annual bentazon concentration peaks in 1997 and 1998 from the USGS NAWQA data set 

for a site with numerous bentazon detections (Sangamon River at Monticello, IL). 

There are some limitations with the non-targeted monitoring data cited above. Critical 

information is not available to determine how well sampling events at the monitoring sites 

correspond with bentazon applications. The sampling frequency may be sufficient for estimating 

long-term average concentrations for chronic toxicity endpoints but is likely inadequate for 

estimating peak exposures for acute endpoints. The monitoring results can provide a lower bound 

of anticipated exposures from bentazon residues in water bodies in bentazon use areas. 

23 
5.2 Terrestrial Habitats 

Birds and Mammals 

Terrestrial wildlife exposure is estimated with EFED’s T-REX v1.5.2 model (June 6, 2013) for 

birds and mammals emphasizing a dietary exposure route for the uptake of pesticide residues on 

vegetative matter and insects. Birds are considered surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians 

and reptiles. Therefore, conclusions related to risks to birds also applied to risks to terrestrialphase amphibians and reptiles. The estimated environmental concentrations (EECs), on food 

items may be compared directly with sub-acute dietary toxicity data or converted to an ingested 

whole-body dose (single oral dose, as the latter is the case for small mammals and birds). Risk 

was assessed based on toxicity to the TGAI. The Basagran formulations showed toxicity at levels 

similar to the TGAI. Foliar application exposures are estimated for birds in Table 5.2 and 

mammals in Table 5.3. 

A sample of T-REX output is provided in Appendix G. Determination of residue dissipation 

over time on food items following single and multiple applications are predicted using a firstorder residue degradation half-life with T-REX. The risk assessment uses a default foliar 

dissipation half-life estimate of 35 days. This default value is used in lieu of representative foliar 

dissipation data for bentazon because no suitable foliar dissipation data were provided to EFED. 

In addition to foliar half-life, inputs into T-REX include the application rate, interval, and 

number of applications. The application scenarios for all crops are grouped based on similarity of 

application rate and intervals. 

Table 5.2 Avian EECs for Bentazon Uses 

Dose-based1 EECs (mg/kg-bw) Dietary-based1 

EECs (mg/kg-food item) Food Items 

Small 

20 g 

Medium 

100 g 

Large 

1000 g 

Kenaga Values 

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, 

unspecified corn, field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and 

edible soybeans 

5-d application interval, 2 applications / year: 1st: 1.5 lbs ai/A, 2nd: 0.5 lbs ai/A 

Short Grass 508.02 289.69 129.70 446.06 

Tall Grass 232.84 132.78 59.45 204.44 

Broadleaf plants 285.76 162.95 72.96 250.91 

Fruits/pods 31.75 18.11 8.11 27.88 

Arthropods 198.97 113.46 50.80 174.71 

Seeds 7.06 4.02 1.80 27.88 

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, 

blackberry, blueberry, cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut 

(bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry 

(black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black) 

5-d application interval, 2 applications / year; 1 lbs ai/A each 

Short Grass 520.90 297.04 132.99 457.37 

Tall Grass 238.75 136.14 60.95 209.63 

24 
Broadleaf plants 293.01 167.09 74.81 257.27 

Fruits/pods 32.56 18.57 8.31 28.59 

Arthropods 204.02 116.34 52.09 179.14 

Seeds 7.23 4.13 1.85 28.59 

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental 

nonflowering plants, ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-ofway/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

7-d application interval, 2 applications / year; 1 lbs ai/A each 

Short Grass 511.29 291.56 130.53 448.93 

Tall Grass 234.34 133.63 59.83 205.76 

Broadleaf plants 287.60 164.00 73.43 252.52 

Fruits/pods 31.96 18.22 8.16 28.06 

Arthropods 200.25 114.19 51.13 175.83 

Seeds 7.10 4.05 1.81 28.06 

Table 5.3 Mammalian EECs for Bentazon Uses 

Mammal Dietary-based1 

Mammal Oral Dose-based1 EECs EECs

Food Items 

Small 

15 g 

Medium 

35 g 

Large 

1000 g 

Kenaga Values 

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, 

unspecified corn, field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and 

edible soybeans 

5-d application interval, 2 applications / year: 1st: 1.5 lbs ai/A, 2nd: 0.5 lbs ai/A 

Short Grass 425.28 293.93 68.15 446.06 

Tall Grass 194.92 134.72 31.23 204.44 

Broadleaf plants 239.22 165.33 38.33 250.91 

Fruits/pods 26.58 18.37 4.26 27.88 

Arthropods 166.57 115.12 26.69 174.71 

Seeds 5.91 4.08 0.95 27.88 

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, 

blackberry, blueberry, cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut 

(bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry 

(black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black) 

5-d application interval, 2 applications / year; 1 lbs ai/A each 

Short Grass 436.07 301.38 69.88 457.37 

Tall Grass 199.87 138.13 32.03 209.63 

Broadleaf plants 245.29 169.53 39.31 257.27 

Fruits/pods 27.25 18.84 4.37 28.59 

Arthropods 170.79 118.04 27.37 179.14 

Seeds 6.06 4.19 0.97 28.59 

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental 

nonflowering plants, ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-ofway/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

25 
7-d application interval, 2 applications / year; 1 lbs ai/A each 

Short Grass 428.02 295.82 68.59 448.93 

Tall Grass 196.18 135.58 31.44 205.76 

Broadleaf plants 240.76 166.40 38.58 252.52 

Fruits/pods 26.75 18.49 4.29 28.06 

Arthropods 167.64 115.86 26.86 175.83 

Seeds 5.94 4.11 0.95 28.06 

The latest EFED guidance for assessing pesticide risks to bees was used to estimate the EEC for 

honey bee exposure. The acute contact EEC (4.05 μg ai/bee) was calculated based on the 1.5 lb 

ai/acre maximum application rate (using the formula 1.5 x 2.7 μg ai/bee) (USEPA 2014). 

TerrPlant (v 1.2.2) was used to calculate EECs for characterizing exposure to terrestrial and 

semi-aquatic plants through spray drift and runoff of bentazon. The EECs were derived for dry 

and semi-aquatic areas adjacent to the treatment site. The input value for spray drift fraction is 

0.05 for aerial spray and 0.01 for ground spray, and runoff fraction is 0.05 based on the bentazon 

water solubility (570 mg/L). The input for incorporation depth is 1 inch for aerial and ground 

application. 

The most sensitive endpoint in the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor terrestrial plants 

studies was plant dry weight. The most sensitive species in the seedling emergence study was the 

dicot, lettuce, with NOAEC and EC25 values of 0.11 and 0.13, respectively. The most sensitive 

species in the vegetative vigor study was the dicot, cabbage, with NOAEC and EC25 values of 

0.025 and 0.046 lb ai/A, respectively. The most sensitive monocot species, ryegrass, in the 

seeding emergence study with NOAEC value of 0.11, but the EC25 value for seedling emergence 

was not provided. The most sensitive monocot species, onion, in the vegetative vigor study with 

NOAEC and EC25 values of 0.125 and 0.16. Risk was assessed based on toxicity to the TGAI. 

(The Basagran formulations and TGAI showed toxicity at similar exposure levels.) Table 5.4 

lists the plant EECs for bentazon uses. 

Table 5.4 Plant EECs for Bentazon Uses 

Description Equation* 

EECs 

(Aerial) 

EECs 

(Ground) 

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, 

unspecified corn, field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and 

edible soybeans 

1 application at 1.5 lbs ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.075 0.075 

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.75 0.75 

Spray drift A*D 0.075 0.015 

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.15 0.09 

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.825 0.765 

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, 

blackberry, blueberry, cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut 

(bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry 

(black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black) 

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, 

ornamental nonflowering plants, ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-of26 
way/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

1 application at 1 lbs ai/A 

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.05 0.05 

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.5 0.5 

Spray drift A*D 0.05 0.01 

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.1 0.06 

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.55 0.51 

*Equation abbreviation: A – Application Rate; I – Incorporation; R – Runoff; and D – Drift Fraction 

VI. Risk Estimation 

This preliminary assessment of bentazon was used to provide a metric of potential risks based on 

the RQ method, which is a comparison of exposure estimates to toxicity endpoints (i.e., RQ = 

EEC/toxicity endpoint). The resulting RQs are compared to the Agency’s risk levels of concern 

(LOC) criteria, which are the Agency’s interpretive policy such that when acute or chronic risk 

LOCs are exceeded, the need for regulatory action may be considered. The acute LOC (0.5) is 

for non-listed terrestrial birds, mammals and aquatic animals, and the acute LOC (0.4) is for nonlisted terrestrial invertebrates. The acute LOC (0.1) is for listed terrestrial birds and mammals, 

and LOC (0.05) is for listed aquatic animals and terrestrial invertebrates. The chronic LOC (1) is 

the same for all listed and non-listed terrestrial birds, mammals and invertebrates, and aquatic 

animals. For terrestrial and aquatic plants, the LOC (1) is same for both non-listed species (based 

on the estimation of EEC/EC25) and listed species (based on estimation of EEC/EC05 or 

NOAEL). 

6.1 Aquatic Organisms 

For most aquatic taxa the estimated exposure is below levels of concern. This is the case for: 

 Fish and aquatic phase amphibians – The acute endpoint (LC50) is 190 mg ai/L 

(190,000 μg/L), while the highest exposure EEC is 1920 μg/L (Tier 1 Rice Model). The 

LC50 is 99 times the highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 0.01, which does not exceed 

the non-listed acute LOC of 0.5 or the listed acute LOC of 0.05. Similarly the chronic 

endpoint (NOAEC) for freshwater fish is 9.83 mg ai/L (9,830 μg/L or 5 times the highest 

exposure EEC) and produces an RQ of 0.2, which does not exceed the chronic listed and 

non-listed LOC of 1. 

 Aquatic invertebrates – The lowest (most sensitive) LC50 is 62.3 mg ai/L (62,300 μg/L) 

is 32 times the highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 0.03, which does not exceed the nonlisted LOC of 0.5 or the list listed LOC of 0.05 (ECOTOX Ref. # 72621). Similarly the 

chronic endpoint (NOAEC) for water-column dwelling invertebrates is set at the highest 

concentration tested (101.2 mg ai/L or 101,200 μg/L). Since effects were not observed at 

the highest concentration tested, which is >50 times the highest exposure EEC (LOC of 

1), the potential is low for chronic effects to water-column dwelling invertebrates. A 10 

27 
 Non-vascular aquatic plants – The LC50 of 4.5 mg ai/L (4500 μg/L) is 2.3 times the 

highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 0.43, which does not exceed the non-listed LOC of 

1. The NOAEC for listed non-vascular plants of 0.9 mg ai/L (900 μg/L) is only 0.47 

times the highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 2.1, which does exceed the non-listed 

LOC of 1 

 Vascular aquatic plants – The LC50 of 5.35 mg ai/L (5350 μg/L) is 2.8 times the 

highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 0.36, which does not exceed the listed LOC of 

The NOAEC for listed vascular plants of 1.53 mg ai/L (1530 μg/L) is only 0.8 times 

highest EEC, and produces an RQ of 1.25, which also exceeds the listed LOC of 1. 

1. 

the 

Therefore, based on the exposure estimates of the Tier 1 Rice Model, the Agency does have risk 

concerns for listed non-vascular and vascular plants. The scenario that produces next highest 

exposures (KS Corn) has a peak EEC of 88.2 μg/L and produces RQs of only 0.09 and 0.06 for 

listed non-vascular and vascular plants, respectively, which are both below the listed LOC of 1. 

Therefore, only the rice use produces aquatic risk concerns based on the Tier 1 Rice Model. 

6.2 Birds and Mammals 

Tables 6.1 and 6.2 list the RQs for birds and mammals for all bentazon uses. For all uses, the 

acute LOCs are not exceeded for seed consumption for all size classes of birds and mammals; 

other food items vary. For birds in the 20 g size class, RQs are exceeded for listed species 

feeding on fruits/pods and for listed and non-listed species consuming short and tall grass, 

broadleaf plants and arthropods. For birds in the 100 g size class, RQs are exceeded for listed 

and non-listed species on short grasses and listed species on tall grass, broadleaf plants and 

arthropods. For birds in the 1000 g size class, RQs are exceeded for listed species feeding on 

short and tall grass, and broadleaf plants. No LOC was exceeded when the risk assessment was 

based on results from subacute dietary studies. The chronic LOC (1) is not exceeded for birds on 

short and tall grasses, broadleaf plants and arthropods for all considered size classes of birds (20-

1000 g) 

For mammals, the acute LOC is only exceeded for listed species consuming short grass. None of 

the uses exceeded the non-listed species acute LOC (0.5) for all size classes of mammals (15-

28 
1000 g) (Table 6.2). For all uses, RQs are at or exceed the listed species acute LOC (0.1) for 

mammals in the 15 g size class on short grass and broadleaf plants, and for mammals in the 35 g 

size class on short grass. The chronic LOC (1) is exceeded for mammals on short and tall 

grasses, broadleaf plants and arthropods for all considered size classes of mammals (15-1000 g) 

based on a 2-generation reproduction NOAEL (15 mg ai/kg/day) (MRID 41054902). 

. 

Table 6.1 Avian RQs for Bentazon Uses 

Avian Oral Dose-based1 

Acute RQs 

Avian Dietary-based1 

RQs Uses Food Items 

20 g 100 g 1000 g Acute Chronic 

Short Grass 1.66** 0.75** 0.24* 0.09 0.49 

Tall Grass 0.76** 0.34* 0.11* 0.04 0.23 

Broadleaf plants 0.94** 0.42* 0.13* 0.05 0.28 

Fruits/pods 0.10* 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 

Arthropods 0.65** 0.29* 0.09 0.04 0.19 

Bean, corn, peanuts, 

soybeans, etc2

. 

5-d appl interval 

2 appls / year 

1st: 1.5 lbs ai/A 

2nd: 0.5 lbs ai/A

Seeds 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 

Short Grass 1.71** 0.76** 0.24* 0.09 0.51 

Tall Grass 0.78** 0.35* 0.11* 0.04 0.23 

Broadleaf plants 0.96** 0.43* 0.14* 0.05 0.28 

Fruits/pods 0.11* 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.03 

Arthropods 0.67** 0.30* 0.09 0.04 0.20 

Alfalfa, rice, almond, 

apple, etc3

. 

5-d appl interval 

2 appls / year 

1 lbs ai/A 

Seeds 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 

Short Grass 1.67** 0.75** 0.24* 0.09 0.50 

Tall Grass 0.77** 0.34* 0.11* 0.04 0.23 

Broadleaf plants 0.94** 0.42* 0.13* 0.05 0.28 

Fruits/pods 0.10* 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03 

Arthropods 0.66** 0.29* 0.09 0.04 0.19 

Ornamental, shade 

trees, non-agricultural 

rights-of-way, 

fencerows, etc4

. 

7-d appl interval 

2 appls / year 

1 lbs ai/A Seeds 0.02 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.03 

Appl – Application 

1

The below notation will be used to denote values that exceed the Levels of Concern (LOC) 

*exceeds acute listed species LOC (0.1) 

**exceeds acute non-listed species LOC (0.5) 

+

exceeds chronic listed and non-listed species LOC (1) 

2

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, unspecified corn, field corn, 

popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and edible soybeans. 3

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, blackberry, blueberry, 

cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut (bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, 

pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry (black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black). 

4

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental nonflowering plants, 

ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-of-way/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural 

uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

Table 6.2 Mammalian RQs for Bentazon Uses 

Small mammal1

15 g 

Medium mammal1

35 g 

Large mammal1

1000 g

Dietarybased 

Uses RQs Food 

Items Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Chronic 

29 
Small mammal1

15 g 

Medium mammal1

35 g 

Large mammal1

1000 g

Dietarybased 

RQs Food Uses Items Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Chronic 

Short 

Grass 0.13* 12.90+ 0.11* 11.02+ 0.06 5.91+ 1.49+

Tall Grass 

0.06 5.91+ 0.05 5.05+ 0.03 2.71+ 0.68 

Broadleaf 

plants 0.07 7.26+ 0.06 6.20+ 0.03 3.32+ 0.84 

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.81 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.37 0.09 

Arthropods 0.05 5.05+ 0.04 4.32+ 0.02 2.31+ 0.58 

Bean, corn, 

peanuts, 

soybeans, etc. 

5-d appl2

 interval 

2 appls / year 

1st: 1.5 lbs ai/A 

2nd: 0.5 lbs ai/A 

Seeds 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.09 

Short 

Grass 0.13* 13.23+ 0.11* 11.30+ 0.06 6.06+ 1.52+

Tall Grass 0.06 6.06+ 0.05 5.18+ 0.03 2.78 0.70 

Broadleaf 

plants 0.08 7.44+ 0.06 6.36+ 0.03 3.41+ 0.86 

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.83 0.01 0.71 0.00 0.38 0.10 

Arthropods 0.05 5.18+ 0.04 4.43+ 0.02 2.37+ 0.60 

Alfalfa, rice, 

almond, apple, 

etc. 

5-d appl interval 

2 appls / year 

1 lbs ai/A, 

Seeds 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.08 0.10 

Short 

Grass 0.13* 12.98+ 0.11* 11.09+ 0.06 5.94+ 1.50+

Tall Grass 0.06 5.95+ 0.05 5.08+ 0.03 2.72+ 0.69 

Broadleaf 

plants 0.07 7.30+ 0.06 6.24+ 0.03 3.34+ 0.84 

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.81 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.37 0.09 

Arthropods 0.05 5.09+ 0.04 4.34+ 0.02 2.33+ 0.59 

Ornamental, 

shade trees, nonagricultural 

rights-of-way, 

fencerows, etc. 

7-d appl interval 

2 appls / year 

1 lbs ai/A, 

Seeds 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.09 

Appl – Application 

1

 The below notation will be used to denote values that exceed the Levels of Concern (LOC) 

*exceeds Acute listed species LOC (0.1) +

exceeds Chronic listed and non-listed species LOC (1) 2

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, unspecified corn, field corn, 

popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and edible soybeans. 3

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, blackberry, blueberry, 

cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut (bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, 

pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry (black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black). 

4

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental nonflowering plants, 

ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-of-way/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural 

uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

6.3 Drinking Water 

A conservative Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v.1.0) was used to calculate an upper bound 

estimate of bird and mammal exposure to bentazon in drinking water. SIP employs the 

following conservative assumptions to derive upper bound exposure estimates: 1) The chemical 

30 
concentration in drinking water is at the solubility limit in water (at 25o

C). 2) The assessed 

animals obtain 100% of their daily water needs through drinking water. 3) The daily water need 

is equivalent to the daily water flux rate as calculated by Nagy and Peterson (1988). 4) The body 

weight of the assessed bird is equivalent to the smallest generic bird modeled in T-REX (i.e., 20 

g). This assumption results in the highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed avian 

body weights of T-REX (i.e., 20, 100, 1000 g). 5) The body weight of the assessed mammal is 

equivalent to the largest generic mammal modeled in T-REX (i.e., 1000 g). This results in the 

highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed mammalian body weights of T-REX (i.e., 

15, 35, 1000 g). 

The screening by the SIP model indicates potential acute and chronic exposure concerns to birds 

through the consumption of bentazon-contaminated drinking water alone. Acute exposure 

through drinking water alone is not a potential concern for mammals, but the chronic exposure 

risk cannot be precluded due to insufficient data. Model results are presented in Appendix H. 

6.4 Terrestrial Invertebrates 

Only one invertebrate study was submitted with a non-definitive endpoint which indicates that 

bentazon is practically non-toxic to honey bee (48 hr LD50 > 100 μg /bee). This non-definitive 

endpoint cannot be used to calculate the RQ value. Bentazon is less likely to have adverse effect 

on honey bees based on comparison of this endpoint to the contact EECs (4.05 μg ai/bee), which 

is about 25 times less that the bee non-toxic value. However, due to the lack of other honey bee 

data, e.g.: adult oral toxicity data, larval acute data, chronic data for adult and larvae, no LOC 

values can be calculated for non-target terrestrial invertebrates, and therefore, the risk cannot be 

precluded. 

6.5 Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Plants 

Acute RQs for terrestrial and semi-aquatic non-listed species inhabiting dry and semi-aquatic 

areas are derived by dividing the EEC by the EC25 from seedling emergence and vegetative 

vigor toxicity tests. Acute RQs for listed terrestrial plant species are calculated by dividing the 

EEC by the NOAEC value. The input values for runoff fraction is 5% based on the bentazon 

solubility and for drift fraction is 5% for aerial spay and 1% for ground spray. A summary of the

RQs for terrestrial plants is provided in Table 6.3. The RQ value for non-listed monocot plants 

cannot be determined because the EC

ndpoints. 

25 value was not calculated in the seedling emergence 

toxicity test (MRID 42129607) and risk is not assumed because of the non-definitive e

For bentazon aerial and ground application at both 1.5 and 1 lb ai/A, LOCs for non-listed dicots 

and listed monocots and dicots in semi-aquatic areas are exceeded. For bentazon aerial 

application at 1.5 lb ai/A, LOCs for non-listed dicots and listed monocots and dicots in dry land 

areas are exceeded. For aerial spray, LOCs are exceeded for dicot plants and not exceeded for 

monocot plants receiving residues through spray drift. For ground application, LOCs are not 

exceeded for all plant types receiving residues through spray drift. The runoff fraction will 

contribute 50% and 90% LOC in dry and semi-aquatic area, respectively. The spray drift 

fraction will contribute 50% and 10% LOC in dry and semi-aquatic area, respectively (Table 

31 
6.3). An example of input and output for the maximum application rate (bean) is shown in 

Appendix I. 

Table 6.3. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Bentazon through 

runoff and/or spray drift.*

Dry1 Semi-Aquatic2 Spray Drift 

Plant Type Listed Status Aerial Ground Aerial Ground Aerial3 Ground4

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, unspecified corn, 

field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and edible soybeans 

1 application at 1.5 lbs ai/A 

Monocot non-listed ND5 ND ND ND 0.47 <0.1 

Monocot listed 1.36 0.82 7.50 6.95 0.68 0.14 

Dicot non-listed 1.15 0.69 6.35 5.88 1.63 0.33 

Dicot listed 1.36 0.82 7.50 6.95 3.00 0.60 

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, blackberry, 

blueberry, cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut (bushnut), nectarine, olive, 

orange, peach, pear, pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry (black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and 

walnut (English/black) 

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental 

nonflowering plants, ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-ofway/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

1 application at 1 lbs ai/A 

Monocot non-listed ND ND ND ND 0.31 <0.1 

Monocot listed 0.91 0.55 5.00 4.64 0.45 <0.1 

Dicot non-listed 0.77 0.46 4.23 3.92 1.09 0.22 

Dicot listed 0.91 0.55 5.00 4.64 2.00 0.40 1

 There are 50% contribution each to the RQ values from runoff fraction and spray drift fraction in dry area. 2

 Runoff fraction contributes 90% and spray drift contributes 10% to the RQ values in semi-aquatic area. 3 Modeled using 0.05% for aerial spray drift (fine to medium droplet size-EFED default) without vegetative buffer 4

 Modeled using 0.01% for ground spray drift (very fine to fine droplet size-EFED default) without vegetative buffer 5

 Value is not determined because of non-definitive endpoints (MRID 42129607). * If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group

VII. Risk Characterization 

This preliminary assessment of bentazon was used to provide a metric of potential risks based on 

the RQ method, which is a comparison of exposure estimates to toxicity endpoints (i.e., RQ = 

EEC/toxicity endpoint). The resulting RQs are compared to the Agency’s risk levels of concern 

(LOC) criteria (Table 7.1), which are the Agency’s interpretive policy such that when acute or 

chronic risk LOCs are exceeded, the need for regulatory action may be considered. These criteria 

are used to indicate when the use of a pesticide, as directed on the label, has the potential to 

cause adverse effects to non-target organisms. Finally, possible mitigations are discussed for 

each taxa. 

32 
Table 7.1 the Agency’s levels of concern (LOC) criteria 

Risk Presumption Terrestrial Birds and 

Mammals (LOC) 

Aquatic Animals 

(LOC) 

Terrestrial and Aquatic 

Plants (LOC) 

Acute 0.5 0.5 1 

Acute Endangered Species 0.1 0.05 1 

Chronic 1 1 N/A 

7.1 Aquatic Organisms 

Rice was the only use that produced exceedances of Agency LOCs based on EECs estimated by 

the Tier 1 Rice Model. The Tier 1 Rice Model is typically described as producing conservative 

(protective of human health or the environment) EECs. However, the conservatism is because it 

does not account for pesticide degradation within the paddy after application. Therefore, the 

conservatism refers to model estimates for time points farther from the time of pesticide 

application. Figure 2 compares measured aquatic field dissipation data (MRID 43431901) from 

four rice paddies in two states (Mississippi4

 and Louisiana5) to the Tier 1 Rice Model EEC and 

the two concentrations at which the Agency has concerns for listed non-vascular and vascular 

plants. (These concern concentrations are the NOAEC (900 and 1530 μg/L for non-vascular and 

vascular plants, respectively) multiplied by the Agency LOC (1).) In plot 2 of each state, the 

first application was made on day 0, which was 1 day before the paddy was flooded, while the 

second application was made to the flooded paddy on day 14. In plot 3 of each state, both 

applications were to the flooded paddy on day 0 and day 14. [Plot 1 of each state (data not 

shown) was the control plot.] 

MS Plot 2 (First application to dry soil; Second 

application to flooded plot) MS Plot 3 (Both applications to flooded plot) 

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 20 40 60 80 1

Total Toxic Residue Conc. (μg/L)

Days After First Application

Tier 1 Rice Model EEC

Listed Non‐vascular Plant Concern

Listed Vascular Plant Concern

00

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 20 40 60 80 10

Total Toxic Residue Conc. (μg/L)

Days After First Application

Tier 1 Rice Model EEC

Listed Non‐vascular Plant Concern

Listed Vascular Plant Concern

0

LA Plot 2 (First application to dry soil; Second 

application to flooded plot) LA Plot 3 (Both applications to flooded plot) 

 

4

 The Mississippi plots, consisting of clay soil (1.4-1.8% organic matter), were treated using a backpack sprayer with 

a spray volume of 19.8-21.6 gallons per acre (gpa). EFED calculated first-order dissipation half-lives for bentazon in 

water of 1.3 days for Mississippi plot 2 and 1.7 days for Mississippi plot 3. 

5

 The Louisiana plots, consisting of sandy loam soil (1.2-1.6% organic matter), were treated using a hand-held 

sprayer with a spray volume of 21.54-23.12 gpa. EFED calculated first-order dissipation half-lives for bentazon in 

water of 6.2 days for Louisiana plot 2, and 3.4 days for Louisiana plot 3. 

33 
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 20 40 60 80 100

Total Toxic Residue Conc. (μg/L)

Days After First Application

Tier 1 Rice Model EEC

Listed Non‐vascular Plant Concern

Listed Vascular Plant Concern

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 20 40 60 80 10

Total Toxic Residue Conc. (μg/L)

Days After First Application

Tier 1 Rice Model EEC

Listed Non‐vascular Plant Concern

Listed Vascular Plant Concern

0

Figure 2. Comparison of aquatic field dissipation data from four rice paddies in two states (Mississippi and 

Louisiana) to the Tier 1 Rice Model EEC and the two concentrations at which the Agency has concerns for 

listed non-vascular and vascular plants. (Two applications were made to each plot on day 0 and 14.) 

As can be seen in Figure 2, the measured paddy concentrations can often exceed the Tier 1 Rice 

Model EECs immediately after application to flooded fields (day 0 in MS and LA Plot 3’s only 

and day 14 in all plots). This is probably due to the assumption in the Rice Model of a 0.1 meter 

(3.9 inches) paddy depth. This compares with the deepest measured paddy depth in the aquatic 

field dissipation study on a day that bentazon was applied in a flooded paddy application (3.04 

inches on day 14 in LA Plot 2). The rice model produced a lower initial concentration because it 

is deeper than the paddies in the aquatic field dissipation study (deeper water causes more 

dilution and therefore, a lower paddy concentration). The other paddy depths of flooded 

application dates ranged from 1.17 to 1.46 inches, which often produced higher initial 

concentrations than predicted by the Rice Model. 

The total residue (bentazon and NMB, the only degradate found in the aquatic field dissipation 

study) concentrations drop quickly in most of the paddies with the highest concentration the day 

after flooded application occurring on day 1 (24 hrs. after application) of LA Plot 3 (2138 μg/L) 

and the highest concentration the second day after flooded application occurring on day 2 (48 

hrs. after application) of LA Plot 3 (683 μg/L). This highest concentration on the second day 

after flooded application is lower than both the concentrations for which the Agency has 

concerns for listed non-vascular and vascular plants. If release of paddy water was restricted for 

3 or 4 days after flooded application, the risk to non-target plants in habitats receiving the 

treated water would be reduced to below Agency LOCs. 

It should be noted that EFED considered incorporating degradation into the Tier 1 Rice Model in 

order to estimate concentrations in rice paddies. Theoretically, a reasonable way to incorporate 

bentazon degradation into the tier 1 Rice Model would be to modify the rice model using the 

aerobic aquatic metabolism half-life estimate. However, bentazon did not degrade appreciably 

(t1⁄2 = 848 days) in the aerobic aquatic metabolism study (MRID 40470504). This half-life 

estimate clearly does not agree with the half-life estimate (<1 day) from of the aquatic field 

dissipation study (MRID 43431901). Possibly, the difference between the aerobic aquatic 

metabolism half-life and aquatic field dissipation half-life is partly due to aqueous photolysis 

(aerobic aquatic metabolism studies are performed in the dark), but the photolysis products were 

not found in the aquatic field dissipation study. 

34 
Alternatively, the degradation rate of the aquatic field dissipation study could have been 

incorporated into the Tier 1 Rice Model, but the results would be similar to the analysis 

presented above. Because the aquatic field dissipation study (MRID 43431901) was conducted in 

the major rice growing areas (Mississippi and Louisiana) outside of California (bentazon 

applications are not allowed in California), direct comparison of the concentrations of concern 

with the aquatic field dissipation data was considered to be the most direct method of assessing 

risk. 

7.2 Terrestrial Organisms 

Birds and Mammals 

This assessment concurs with the previous Section 3 registration assessment (USEPA 2005) that 

the RQs exceed the non-listed species LOC (0.5) for small birds (20g) feeding on short and tall 

grass, broadleaf plants and arthropods as well as mid-size bird (100g) feeding on short grass. 

Also, the chronic LOC (1) is exceeded for mammals feeding on short and tall grasses, broadleaf 

plants and arthropods for all size classes of mammals (15-1000 g). However, based on the AgDrift model prediction that there are 50% and 90% residue reduction at 100ft and 300 ft 

extension beyond the treated field, respectively. The estimated risk to birds and mammals may 

only be limited to the treated field. There are no risk concerns for those feeding on food adjacent 

to the treated field based on the magnitude exceedance of RQs in treated field. 

Drinking Water

The SIP model indicates a potential acute and chronic risk concerns to birds and mammals 

through consumption of bentazon contaminated drinking water. This screening is qualitative, is 

based on drinking water exposure alone, and is based on several conservative assumptions which 

add considerable uncertainty to this risk conclusion (see Appendix H). Nonetheless, bentazon 

exposure through drinking water may contribute to a total aggregated exposure that has potential 

effects on non-target animals.

Non-Target Terrestrial Invertebrates 

Bentazon is practically non-toxic to the honey bee (48 hr LD50 > 100 μg /bee) through contact 

but is uncertain through other kinds of exposure (i.e., oral, larval or chronic) due to the lack of 

data. The post-emergence application is most likely in early spring, and therefore, the exposure 

to honey bee pollination activities in later season is much less likely. However, there are data 

gap for honey bees which serve as the invertebrate surrogate, the LOC values for other nontarget terrestrial invertebrates cannot be estimated. The potential risk to terrestrial invertebrates 

cannot be precluded due to the uncertainties. 

Terrestrial Plants

The RQs for all uses exceeded the non-listed and listed terrestrial plant species LOC (1). In 

analyzing the runoff and spray drift contributions to the LOC exceedance revealed runoff 

fraction contributes 50% in dry area and 90% in semi-aquatic area. The spray drift fraction 

35 
contributes 50% and 10% LOC in dry and semi-aquatic area, respectively. Table 6.3 shows that 

there are no RQs exceedance for monocot based on the spray drift only for both aerial and 

ground applications. It also shows aerial spray drift is of concerns for dicot (RQ = 3). To reduce 

the risk to non-target plants, a buffer distance from the edge of the field may potentially be used 

for the risk mitigation. To assess the buffer distance needed, the distances from the edge of the 

field where risks from spray drift extend were calculated for all single applications using the 

AgDRIFT model. This analysis was conducted for all aerial and ground spray applications. In 

addition, the monocot, even though it has no RQ exceedance from spray drift contribution only, 

is also modeled for the buffer distance comparison. The estimated buffer distance by the 

AgDRIFT model to reduce the potential risk from spray drift exposure extend from the edge of 

the field are provided in Table 7.2. These conservative estimates were made using the EFED 

default droplet spectrum of very fine to fine (aerial and ground), high boom and 90th percentile 

(ground) since labels do not specify the droplet sizes. The data show that almost one thousand 

feet (>997 feet) buffer strip will be needed to reduce the bentazon risk to the most sensitive dicot 

species based it EC25 values. 

 

Table 7.2. Distances where risks extend for plants based on vegetative vigor. 

Buffer Distance from Edge of Field (ft) 

Application Monocot Dicot 

Method 

EC25 (0.16) 

lbs ai/A

NOAEC (0.125) 

lbs ai/A 

EC25 (0.046) 

lbs ai/A 

NOAEC (0.025) 

lbs ai/A 

Beans, dried-type beans, succulent beans, lima beans, dried-type peas, succulent peas, silage corn, 

unspecified corn, field corn, popcorn, sweet corn, peanuts, peppermint and spearmint, soybeans, and edible 

soybeans 

1 application at 1.5 lbs ai/A 

Aerial 282 381 >997 >997 

Ground 26 33 82 147 

Alfalfa, clover grown for seed, rice, sorghum and silage sorghum, almond, apple, apricot, avocado, 

blackberry, blueberry, cherry, crabapple, date, fig, grapefruit, grapes, lemon, lime, macadamia nut 

(bushnut), nectarine, olive, orange, peach, pear, pecan, pistachio, plum, pomegranate, prune, raspberry 

(black, red), tangelo, tangerines, and walnut (English/black) 

Nursery stock, ornamental shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental lawns/turf, ornamental 

nonflowering plants, ornamental woody shrubs/vines, ornamentals, nonagricultural rights-ofway/fencerows/hedgerows, and nonagricultural uncultivated areas/soils and residential lawns 

1 application at 1 lbs ai/A 

Aerial 167 226 840 >997 

Ground 20 23 56 102 

VIII. Risk to Listed Species 

In November 2013, the EPA, along with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), the 

36 
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (collectively, the Services), and the U.S. Department 

of Agriculture (USDA) released a summary of their joint Interim Approaches for assessing risks 

to listed species from pesticides. The Interim Approaches were developed jointly by the agencies 

in response to the National Academy of Sciences’ (NAS) recommendations and reflect a 

common approach to risk assessment shared by the agencies as a way of addressing scientific 

differences between the EPA and the Services. The NAS report outlines recommendations on 

specific scientific and technical issues related to the development of pesticide risk assessments 

that EPA and the Services must conduct in connection with their obligations under the 

Endangered Species Act (ESA) and FIFRA. 

The joint Interim Approaches were released prior to a stakeholder workshop held on November 

15, 2013. In addition, the EPA presented the joint Interim Approaches at the December 2013 

Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee (PPDC) and State-FIFRA Issues Research and 

Evaluation Group (SFIREG) meetings, and held a stakeholder workshop in April 2014, allowing 

additional opportunities for stakeholders to comment on the Interim Approaches. As part of a 

phased, iterative process for developing the Interim Approaches, the agencies will also consider 

public comments on the Interim Approaches in connection with the development of upcoming 

Registration Review decisions. The details of the joint Interim Approaches are contained in the 

white paper “Interim Approaches for National-Level Pesticide Endangered Species Act 

Assessments Based on the Recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences April 2013 

Report,” dated November 1, 2013. 

Given that the agencies are continuing to develop and work toward implementation of the 

Interim Approaches to assess the potential risks of pesticides to listed species and their 

designated critical habitat, this preliminary risk assessment for bentazon does not contain a 

complete ESA analysis that includes effects determinations for specific listed species or 

designated critical habitat. Although EPA has not yet completed effects determinations for 

specific species or habitats, for this preliminary assessment EPA conducted a screening-level 

assessment for all taxa of non-target wildlife and plants that assumes for the sake of the 

assessment that listed species and designated critical habitats may be present in the vicinity of 

bentazon applications. This screening level assessment will allow EPA to focus its future 

evaluations on the types of species where the potential for effects exists once the scientific 

methods being developed by the agencies have been fully vetted. This screening-level risk 

assessment for bentazon indicates potential risks of direct effects to listed mammals, birds, 

terrestrial and aquatic plants on all of its registered use sites. Listed species of fish, amphibians 

aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates may be affected through indirect effects because of the 

potential for direct effects on listed and non-listed plant species upon which they may rely. 

Potential indirect effects on listed mammals, birds, terrestrial and aquatic plants, terrestrial and 

aquatic invertebrates, amphibian and fish from the use of bentazon may be associated with 

modification of Primary Constituent Elements (PCEs) of designated critical habitats, where such 

designations have been made. Once the agencies have fully developed and implemented the 

scientific methods necessary to complete risk assessments for endangered and threatened (listed) 

species and their designated critical habitats, these methods will be applied to subsequent 

analyses for bentazon as part of completing this registration review. 

37 
38

IX. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

As required by FIFRA and FFDCA, EPA reviews numerous studies to assess potential adverse 

outcomes from exposure to chemicals. Collectively, these studies include acute, subchronic and 

chronic toxicity, including assessments of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental, 

reproductive, and general or systemic toxicity. These studies include endpoints which may be 

susceptible to endocrine influence, including effects on endocrine target organ histopathology, 

organ weights, estrus cyclicity, sexual maturation, fertility, pregnancy rates, reproductive loss, 

and sex ratios in offspring. For ecological hazard assessments, EPA evaluates acute tests and 

chronic studies that assess growth, developmental and reproductive effects in different 

taxonomic groups. As part of registration review of bentazon, EPA reviewed these data and 

selected the most sensitive endpoints for relevant risk assessment scenarios from the existing 

hazard database. However, as required by FFDCA section 408(p), bentazon is subject to the 

endocrine screening part of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). 

EPA has developed the EDSP to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide 

active and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect 

produced by a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator 

may designate.” The EDSP employs a two-tiered approach to making the statutorily required 

determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a 

chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal 

systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to 

interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA 

will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 

testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine-related effects caused by the substance, and 

establish a dose-response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect. 

Under FFDCA section 408(p), the Agency must screen all pesticide chemicals. Between October 

2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call-ins for the first group of 67 chemicals, 

which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert ingredients. A final second list of 

chemicals identified for EDSP screening was published on June 26, 2014, 

http://www.epa.gov/endo/pubs/finalsecondlistofchemicalsfortier1screening.pdf, and includes 

some pesticides scheduled for registration review and chemicals found in water. Neither of these 

lists should be construed as a list of known or likely endocrine disruptors. 

Bentazon is not on the first or second list chemicals for which EPA intends to issue test 

orders/data call-ins in the near future. For further information on the status of the EDSP, the 

policies and procedures, the lists of chemicals, future lists, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 

screening battery, please visit the website, http://www.epa.gov/endo/.

X. Uncertainties

Label-specified Application Characteristics

The current labels do not fully specify the application rates, number of applications, and 

minimum retreatment intervals. In this document, the Agency assessed what is believed to be the 
intended application rates, number of applications, and minimum retreatment intervals as 

indicated in Table 2.1. It is the part of the purpose of Registration Review to potentially adjust 

application rates, number of applications, and minimum retreatment intervals based in part on the 

risks identified in the risk assessment. If the final application rates and number of applications 

are higher than in Table 2.1, and/or minimum retreatment intervals are shorter, then risk may be 

under-estimated in this document. 

Photodegradates 12 and 13 

It is an uncertainty whether the dimer photodegradates are actually formed in the field or simply 

reflect an artifact generated in a single laboratory study from 1974. The lack of the dimer 

photodegradates in subsequent aquatic photolysis (1994) and aquatic field dissipation (1992) 

studies tends to support the laboratory artifact explanation. 

XI. References 

Hourmant, A., Amara, A., Pouline, P., Durand, G., Arzul, G., and Quiniou, F. 2009. Effect of 

bentazon on growth and physiological responses of marine diatom: Chaetoceros gracilis. 

Toxicol. Mech. Methods 19: 109-115. 

Maenpaa, K. A., Sormunen, A. J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. 2003. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of 

sediment associated herbicides (ioxynil, pendimethalin, and bentazon) in Lumbriculus 

variegatus (Oligochaeta) and Chironomus riparius (Insecta). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.

56: 398-410. 

Stachowski-Haberkorn, S., Quiniou, F., Nedelec, M., Robert, R., Limon, G., and De la Broise, D. 

2008. In-situ microcosms, a tool for assessment of pesticide impacts on oyster spat 

(Crassostrea gigas). Ecotoxicology 17: 235-245. 

USEPA. 1994a. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED), Bentazon. US Environmental 

Protection Agency. EPA 738-R-94-029. September, 1994. 

http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/0182.pdf 

USEPA. 1994b. Refinement and Explanation of Risk Assessment for Endangered Mammals and 

Birds, Amendment of Sodium Bentazon Reregistration Science Chapter. Memorandum 

from Anthony Maciorowski to Evert Byington, May 12, 1994. 

USEPA. 1999. Tier 1 Drinking Water Assessment for Bentazon. DP Barcode 255927. 

Memorandum from James A. Hetrick to Joanne Miller. September 20, 1999. 

USEPA. 2005. Ecological Risk Assessment for the IR-4 Use of the Herbicide, Bentazon. DP 

Barcode 314025. Memorandum from Kevin Costello, Holly Galavotti, and Norm 

Birchfield to Shaja Brothers. October 28, 2005. 

USEPA. 2009a. ECOTOXicology Database. Office of Research and Development National 

Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory’s (NHEERL’s) Mid-Continent 

Ecology Division (MED). http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/ 

39 
USEPA. 2009b. Ecological Incident Information System. 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/general/databasesdescription.htm#eiis 

USEPA. 2009c. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate 

and Transport of Pesticides, Version 2.1. US Environmental Protection Agency, 

Washington DC. 

(http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm) 

USEPA. 2010. Registration Review-Preliminary Problem Formulation for Ecological Risk and 

Environmental Fate, Endangered Species and Drinking Water Assessments for Sodium 

Bentazon. DP 369706, 373423. Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental 

Protection Agency. 49 pp 

USEPA. 2014a. Guidance for Assessing Pesticide Risks to Bees. Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. 59 pp 

USEPA. 2014b. Revised NOAEL and LOAEL decisions for Bentazon developmental rat and

chronic dog study data evaluation records. Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide 

Programs. D422967. 6 pp. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 1998. 

Endangered Species Consultation Handbook: Procedures for Conducting Consultation 

and Conference Activities Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act. Final Draft. 

March 1998. 

40 
XI Appendix 

Appendix A. Submitted MRID Bibliography 

Toxicity Studies

71-1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity 

MRID Citation Reference 

41077 Shillam, K.S.G.; Medd, R.K.; Roberts, N.L. (1971) Acute Toxicity to the Japanese Quail: 

Report No. 4328/71/484. (Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-EX-2; 

prepared by Huntingdon Re- search Center, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:095003-C) 

41804 Medd, R.K.; Roberts, N.L. (1972) Determination of LD50 in the Mallard Duck for BAS 

3510 H: Report No. 5161/72/596. (Unpub- lished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-

EX-2; prepared by Huntingdon Research Center, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:095003-D) 

161296 Munk, R. (1986) Avian Single-dose Oral LD50 of ... Bentazon to the Bobwhite Quail: Test 

Rept.: Project No. 11W0005/8369. Unpub- lished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 39 p. 

Zok, S. 2013. BAS 351 H (Bentazon)-Acute Toxicity in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia 

guttata) After Single Oral Administration (LD50). Unpublished study performed and 

sponsored by BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany. 

Laboratory Study No. 15W0538/02W002. 

49141203

71-2 Avian Dietary Toxicity 

MRID Citation Reference 

108850 Fink, R.; Beavers, J. (1977) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50-- Mallard Duck: 

?Bentazon Technical|: Project No. 147-105. (Un- published study received May 13, 1977 

under 7969-45; prepared by Wildlife International Ltd., submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Chemi- cal Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:096125-A) 

108851 Fink, R.; Beavers, J. (1977) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50-- Bobwhite Quail: 

?Bentazon Technical|: Project No. 147-106. (Un- published study received May 13, 1977 

under 7969-45; prepared by Wildlife International Ltd., submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:096126-A) 

161297 Munk, R. (1986) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of ... Bentazon to the Bob- white Quail (Colinus 

virginianus): Test Rept.: Project No. 31W0005/8370. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesell- schaft. 31 p. 

164084 Munk, R. (1986) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Bentazon ... in the Mallard Duck: Project No. 

32W0005/8373. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Dept. of Toxicology. 29 p. 

41 
161298 Munk, R. (1986) Protocol for the Study of the Subacute Toxicity of ... Bentazon in Chicks of 

the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) after Administration in the Diet: Project No. 

32W0005/8373. Un- published study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 11 p. 

71-4 Avian Reproduction 

MRID Citation Reference 

124702 Gilman, M.; Sweitzer, T. (1972) Reproductive Study of BAS 351-H in Mallard Ducks: 

Laboratory No. E-5106. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; 

prepared by Cannon Laborato- ries, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., 

Par- sippany, NJ; CDL:094926-H) 

42617501 Munk, R. (1992) One Generation Reproduction Study with Reg. No. 51 929 (Bentazon) on 

the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianius) by Administration in the Diet: Lab Project 

Number: 92/11634: 91/243: 71W0243/91053. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengeselschaft. 314 p. 

42651201 Pedersen, C.; Lesar, C. (1992) Toxicity and Reproduction Study in Mallard Ducks 

(Bentazon): Lab Project Number: 92/11551: 110-004-08: 72W0243/919006. Unpublished 

study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 668 p. 

43186001 Pedersen, C.; Lesar, C. (1994) Toxicity and Reproduction Study in Mallard Ducks: 

Bentazon: Revised Study: Lab Project Number: 110-004-08: 72W0243/919006: 93/5081. 

Unpublished study prepared by Bio-Life Associates, Ltd. 782 p. 

44227402 Gallagher, S.; Martin, K.; Beavers, J.; et al. (1997) Bentazon: A Definitive Reproduction 

Study with the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): Lab Project Number: 147-171: 

96038: 97/5007. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 247 p. 

44337801 Gallagher, S.; Martin, K.; Beavers, J.; et al. (1997) Bentazon: A Definitive Reproduction 

Study with the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos): (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 147-

172: 96078: 97/5306. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 254 p. 

72-1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish 

MRID Citation Reference 

91071 Gilman, M.R.; Sweitzer, T.L. (1972) The Toxic Effects of Experi- mental Herbicide BAS 

3517-H in Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Laboratory No. E-5619; Rept PR 8. 

(Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 3G1309; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:092223-M) 

124703 or 00041076? Gilman, M.; Krize, J. (1973) The Acute Toxic Effects of 2-Amino-N- isopropyl Benzamide 

on Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Lab- oratory No. E-8111. (Unpublished study 

received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parisppany, NJ; CDL:094926-J) 

42 
161299 Munk, R. (1986) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity [on Blue- gill]: Bentazon: 

Project No. 14F0005/83. Unpublished study pre- pared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 18 p. 

161300 Munk, R. (1986) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity [on Blue- gill]: Basagran: 

Project No. 14F516/85. Unpublished study pre- pared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 18 p. 

161301 Munk, R. (1986) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity [on Rain- bow Trout]: 

Bentazon: Project No. 12F0005/83. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 18 p. 

161302 Munk, R. (1986) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity [on Rain- bow Trout]: 

Basagran: Project No. 12F516/85. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 18 p. 

40432803 Munk, R. (1987) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity of BAS 351 H (Basagran) in the 

Animal Species Rainbow Trout: 87/0427. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Analytical 

Laboratory. 22 p. 

83348 Krize, J.; Gilman, M.R. (1973) The Acute Toxic Effects of 2-Amino- ?~N~?-isopropyl 

Benzamide on Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Laboratory No. E-8111. (Unpublished 

study received Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-L) 

91070 or Gilman, M.R.; Sweitzer, T.L. (1972) The Toxic Effects of Experi- mental Herbicide BAS 

351-H on Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Laboratory No. E-5337; Rept PR 7. 

(Unpublished study re- ceived Sep 2, 1972 under 3G1309; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:092223-L) 

41075 

40450001 Munk, R. (1987) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity of Reg. No. 51 929 (Bentazon 

Tech. Active Ingredient) in the Animal Spe- cies Rainbow Trout: Reg. Doc. #BASF 

87/0428. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 22 p. 

41922801 Nelsen, T. (1987) Response to EPA review of a Study Entitled Report on the Acute Toxicity 

of Bentazon in the Animal Species, Rainbow Trout: Lab Project Number: 91/5098. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 13 p. 

41922802 Nelson, T. (1987) Response to EPA Review of a Study Entitled Report on the Acute 

Toxicity of Basagran in the Animal Species, Rainbow Trout: Lab Project Number: 91/5137. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 14 p. 

42003001 Nelsen, T. (1987) Response to EPA Review of a Study Entitled "Report on the Acute 

Toxicity of Reg. No. 51 929 (Bentazon Techn. Active Ingredient) in the Animal Species, 

Rainbow Trout", MRID No. 40450001: Lab Project Number: 91/5098. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Ag., Dept. of Tox. 13 p. 

42003002 Nelsen, T. (1987) Response to EPA Review of a Study Entitled "Report on the Acute 

Toxicity of BAS 351 32 H (Basagran) in the Animal Species, Rainbow Trout", MRID No. 

40432803: Lab Project No: 91/5137. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Ag., Dept. of 

Tox. 14 p. 

48970704 Salinas, E. 2011. Reg. No. 88691 (Bentazone-sodium, BAS 351 H-Na) - Acute Toxicity 

Study in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). Unpublished study performed by 

Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Laboratory 

report number: 19F0373/10E111. Study sponsored by BASF Corporation, Agricultural 

Products Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. Study initiated March 18, 2011 and 

completed October 4, 2011. 

850.1400 Freshwater Fish Early Life Cycle 

43 
48970706 Salinas, E. 2011. Reg. No. 88691 (Bentazone-sodium, BAS 351 H-Na) - Early Life-Stage 

Toxicity Test on the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in a Flow Through System. 

Unpublished study performed by Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 

Ludwigshafen, Germany. Laboratory Project No. 50F0373/10E109. Study sponsored by 

BASF Corporation, Agricultural Products Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. Study 

initiated June 17, 2011 and completed December 19, 2011 

72-2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates 

MRID Citation Reference 

106240 Kuc, W. (1977) Acute Toxicity of Bentazon BAS 351 to the Water Flea Daphnia magna 

Straus: ES Proj. #11506-A17-01D; BWC Project I-3- G-105. (Unpublished study received 

May 13, 1977 under 7969-45; prepared by Union Carbide Corp., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:096127-A) 

124700 Booth, G.; Rhees, R. (1973) Determination of Bentazon Residues in Suspended Soil 

Sediment, Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water; Deter- mination of the Release of Bound 

Bentazon Residues in Water; Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

(Un- published study received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young 

Univ., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094926-C) 

161303 Bias (1986) Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Bentazon ... to the Waterflea Daphnia 

magna Straus: Rept.: 1/0007/2/86-369/85. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 16 p. 

161304 Bias (1986) Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Basagran BAS 351 32 H to the 

Waterflea Daphnia magna Straus: Report 1/0008/2/86- 390/85. Unpublished study prepared 

by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 16 p. 

72-3 Estuarine Organism Acute Toxicity 

83342 Booth, G.M.; Rhees, R.W. (19??) Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

(Unpublished study received Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young Univ., 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-E) 

163833 Dionne, E. (1986) Acute Toxicity of Bentazon (TGAI) to Embryos - Larvae of the Quahog: BW-86-

9-2155. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Bionomics, Inc. 17 p. 

42129601 Graves, W.; Smith, G. (1991) Bentazon: A 96-Hour Flow-through Acute Toxicity Test with the 

Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) : Lab Project Number: 147A-102. Unpublished study 

prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 46 p. 

42129602 Graves, W.; Smith, G. (1991) Bentazon: A 96-Hour Flow-through Acute Toxicity Test with the Saltwater Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia): Lab Project Number: 147-103: ER91050: E91075. Unpublished 

study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 46 p. 

42293501 Graves, W.; Smith, G. (1992) Bentazon: A 96-Hour Shell Deposition Test with the Eastern Oyster 

(Crassostrea virginica): Lab Project Number: 147A-101: E91076: ER91048. Unpublished study 

prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 52 p. 

72-4 Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study 

44 
MRID Citation Reference 

41075 Gilman, M.R.; Sweitzer, T.L. (1972) Report: The Toxic Effects of Experimental Herbicide 

BAS 351-H on Bluegill Sunfish and Rainbow Trout: Laboratory No. E-5337. 

(Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7069-EX-2; prepared by Cannon 

Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 095003-

A) 

Probably the 

technical 

41076 Gilman, M.R.; Sweitzer, T.L. (1972) Report: The Toxic Effects of Experimental Herbicide 

BAS 3517-H in Bluegill Sunfish and Rain- bow Trout: Laboratory No. E-5619. 

(Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-2; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, 

Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 095003-B) 

48970705 Horn, C. 2012. Chronic Toxicity of Bentazone-Na (Reg. No. 88691) to Daphnia Magna 

Straus in a 21 Day Semi-static Test. Unpublished study performed by BASF SE, Crop 

Protection, Ecology and Environmental Analytics, Limburgerhof, Germany. Laboratory 

Study No. 389794. Study sponsored by BASF Corporation, Agricultural Products ivision, 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Study initiated February 7, 2012 and completed June 6, 2012 

123-1 Seed germination/seedling emergence and vegitative vigor 

MRID Citation Reference 

42129606 Canez, V. (1991) Tier 2 Vegetative Vigor Nontarget Phytotoxicity Study Using Bentazon 

(BAS 351H-Tech. a.i.): Lab Project Number: BL91-445: 91/5196: ER91052. Unpublished 

study prepared by Pan- Agricultural Labs., Inc. 155 p. 

42129607 Chetram, R. (1991) Tier 2 Seed Germination/Seedling Emergence Non- target Phytotoxicity 

Study Using Bentazon (BAS 351H-Tech. a.i.): Lab Project Number: BL91-444: 91/5197: 

ER91051. Unpublished study prepared by Pan-Agricultural Labs., Inc. 163 p. 

122-2 Aquatic plant growth 

MRID Citation Reference 

43199801 Siebel-Sauer, D. (1989) Effects of Laddok on the Growth of the Green Alga 

Ankistrodesmus bibraianus: Lab Project Number: 01/88/0567: 94/10137. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 6 p. 

42129603 Hughes, J.; Alexander, M. (1991) The Toxicity of Bentazon (BAS 351 H Tech. a.i.) to 

Selenastrum capricornutum: Lab Project Number: B445-11-1: E9088: ER91043. 

Unpublished study prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 33 p. 

42129604 Hughes, J.; Alexander, M. (1991) The Toxicity of Bentazon (BAS 351 H Tech. a.i.) to 

Anabaena flos-aquae: Lab Project Number: B445- 11-2: E9090: ER91046. Unpublished 

study prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 34 p. 

42129605 Hughes, J.; Alexander, M. (1991) The Toxicity of Bentazon (BAS 351 H Tech. a.i.) to 

Lemna gibba G3: Lab Project Number: B445-11-5: E9092: ER91042. Unpublished study 

prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 32 p. 

45 
42129608 Hughes, J.; Alexander, M. (1991) The Toxicity of Bentazon (BAS 351 H Tech. a.i.) to 

Navicula pelliculosa: Lab Project No: B445-11- 3: E9089: ER91045. Unpublished study 

prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 32 p. 

42129609 Hughes, J.; Alexander, M. (1991) The Toxicity of Bentazon (BAS 351 H Tech. a.i.) to 

Skeletonema costatum: Lab Project Number: B445- 11-4: E9091: ER91047. Unpublished 

study prepared by Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 33 p. 

48970703 Hoffman, F. 2012. Effect of Bentazon-Na (Reg. No. 88691) on Growth of the Freshwater 

Diatom Navicula pelliculosa. Study performed by BASF SE, Crop Protection, Ecology and 

Environmental Analytics, Limburgerhof, Germany. Study number 389798. Study sponsored 

by BASF Corporation. Study initiated June 26, 2012 and completed 06 September 2012 

141-1 Honey bee acute contact 

MRID Citation Reference 

161305 Atkins, E. (1986) Bentazon- Bee Adult Toxicity Dusting Tests. Un- published study 

prepared by University of California-Riverside, Dept. of Entomology. 10 p. 

108283 BASF Wyandotte Corp. (1973) The Toxicity of Basagran to Bees. (Translation; unpublished 

study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; CDL:096044-B) 

48970707 Stark, R.; Greeters S.; Becker M. (2012) BAS351 H (Bentazone)- Acute Oral 

Neurotoxicity Study in Wistar Rats -Administration by Gavage. BASF SE, 

Ludwigshafen, Germany, September 27, 2012. 

Fate Studies

161-1 Hydrolysis 

MRID Citation Reference 

41079 Drescher, N. (1972) The Effect of pH on the Rate of Hydrolysis of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) 

in Water: Laboratory Report No. 1107. (Translation; unpublished study received Sep 2, 

1972 under 7969- EX-2; prepared by Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik, AG; submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:095003-F) 

83339 Drescher, N. (1973) Influence of pH on the Hydrolysis of the Bentazon Metabolite, 2-

Amino-?~N~?-isopropyl Benzamide (AIBA), in Wa- ter: Lab. Report No. 1136. 

(Unpublished study received Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by BASF AG, West 

Germany, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-B) 

124700 Booth, G.; Rhees, R. (1973) Determination of Bentazon Residues in Suspended Soil 

Sediment, Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water; Deter- mination of the Release of Bound 

Bentazon Residues in Water; Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

(Un- published study received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young 

Univ., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094926-C) 

161293 Eswein, R.; Panek, E. (1986) Hydrolysis of Bentazon in pH 5,7, and 9 Solutions at 

25[Degrees]C: Rept. No. M-861. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 19 p. 

46 
161-2 Photodegradation-water 

MRID Citation Reference 

40785 Nilles, G.P.; Zabik, M.J. (1974) Photochemistry of Bioactive Com- pounds: Multiphase 

Photodegredation and Mass Spectral Analysis of Basagran. (Unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Michigan State Univ., Pesticide Research Center and 

Depts. of Entomology and Chemistry, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, 

N.J.; CDL:094138-C) 

91075 BASF Wyandotte Corporation (1972) Influence of Sunlight and PH on the Stability of 

Bentazon in Aqueous Solutions: Report PR 11. (Compilation; unpublished study received 

Sep 2, 1972 under 3G1309; CDL:092223-Q) 

161294 Eswein, R.; Panek, E. (1986) Photolysis of Bentazon in pH 5, 7, and 9 Aqueous Solutions at 

25 C [Degrees]: Rept. No. M-862. Unpub- lished study prepared by BASF Corp. 43 p. 

41432401 Ellenson, J. (1989) Isolation and Identification of the Major Aque- ous Photolysis Product 

of Bentazon: Final Report: Lab Project Nos. M8909: 89/5139. Unpublished study prepared 

by BASF Corp. in association with Duke University, Research Triangle Institute, Galbraith 

Laboratories and BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 90 p. 

41448001 Patel, J. (1988) Carbon 14-Bentazon (BAS 351 H) Aqueous Photolysis at pH 7: Lab Project 

Number: 88-5122. Unpublished study pre- pared by BASF Corp. 59 p. 

43431904 Roscigno, N. (1994) Analysis of the Major Aqueous Photolysis Product of Bentazon, `Peak 

B,' in Rice Paddy Water: Lab Project Number: 93172: A9410: 94/5076. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Corp.; Jensen Ag. Consultants, Inc.; and Stoneville, Associates, Inc. 65 

p. 

43646201 Goetz, A. (1995) Response to Reviews of Bentazon Studies Submitted to Satisfy EPA 

Guideline No. 161-2: Photodegradation in Water: Lab Project Number: 95/5035. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 20 p. 

161-3 Photodegradation-soil 

MRID Citation Reference 

40785 Nilles, G.P.; Zabik, M.J. (1974) Photochemistry of Bioactive Com- pounds: Multiphase 

Photodegredation and Mass Spectral Analysis of Basagran. (Unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Michigan State Univ., Pesticide Research Center and 

Depts. of Entomology and Chemistry, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, 

N.J.; CDL:094138-C) 

67245 Hascoet, M. (1978) Degradation of Paraclox in Aquatic Medium: III. Identification of 

Metabolites. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 1980 under 5086-11; submitted by 

Roussel Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243042-B) 

67246 Roussel Corporation (1968?) Degradation of Paraclox. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 

1980 under 5086-11; CDL:243042-C) 

124700 Booth, G.; Rhees, R. (1973) Determination of Bentazon Residues in Suspended Soil 

Sediment, Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water; Deter- mination of the Release of Bound 

Bentazon Residues in Water; Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

47 
(Un- published study received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young 

Univ., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094926-C) 

161295 Wood, N. (1986) Photolysis of Bentazon on Soil: Rept. No. M-863. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Corp. 20 p. 

162-1 Aerobic soil metabolism 

MRID Citation Reference 

40202 BASF Wyandotte Corporation (1973) Metabolism of Bentazon in Soil. (Unpublished study 

received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; CDL: 094131-B) 

40203 Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1972) Studies on the Degradation of Benta- zon (Bas 351-H) in Soil: 

Report No. 1112. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-C) 

40204 Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1973) Degradation of Bentazon (Bas 351-H) in Soil: Report No. 

1140. 2nd rept. (Translation; unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-D) 

40205 Otto, S.; Pommer, E.H.; Hamm, R.; et al. (1974) Investigations on the Possible 

Hydroxylation of Bentazon by Soil-Microorganisms: Report No. 1210. (Unpublished study 

received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-E) 

40206 Otto, S.; Beutel, P. (1974) The Degradation of Bentazon in Soil: The Behavior of 6- and 8-

Hydroxy Bentazon in Soil: Report No. 1198. 5th rept. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-F) 

40208 Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1973) Degradation of Bentazon (Bas 351-H) in Soil (3rd Report): 

Report No. 1149. (Translation; unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094131-H) 

40209 Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1973) Metabolism of Bentazon in Soil (4th Report): Report No. 

1168. (Translation; unpublished study re- ceived Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by 

BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-I) 

40210 Otto, S. (1974) Gel-Filtration of Alkali Soluble Humic Acids from Bruchfeld Soil after 

Metabolism of 14C Bentazon: Report No. 1197. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 

under 5F1529; prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsip- pany, 

N.J.; CDL:094131-J) 

40792 Rieck, C.E.; Wright, T.H.; Maksymowicz; et al. (1972) Soil metabo- lism of Bentazon. 

Proceedings, North Central Weed Control Con- ference 22:50. (Abstract; 

also~In~unpublished submission re- ceived Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-J) 

67245 Hascoet, M. (1978) Degradation of Paraclox in Aquatic Medium: III. Identification of 

Metabolites. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 1980 under 5086-11; submitted by 

Roussel Corp., New York, N.Y.; CDL:243042-B) 

67246 Roussel Corporation (1968?) Degradation of Paraclox. (Unpublished study received Aug 7, 

1980 under 5086-11; CDL:243042-C) 

48 
40470502 Keller, E. (1987) The Aerobic Soil Metabolism of BAS 351H (Bentazon): Registration 

Document # BASF: 87/0415. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research 

Station. 64 p. 

162-3 Anaerobic aquatic metab. 

MRID Citation Reference 

40207 Booth, G.M. (1974) Metabolism of Bentazon in Suspended and Bottom Sediment. 

(Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Brigham Young Univ., 

Dept. of Zoology, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-G) 

83340 or 124700 Booth, G.M.; Rhees, R.W. (1973) Determination of Bentazon in Sus- pended Soil Sediment, 

Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water. (Unpub- lished study, including published data, received 

Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young Univ., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-C) 

83341 Booth, G.M.; Rhees, R.W. (19??) Determination of the Release of Bound 351 Residues in 

Water. (Unpublished study received Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham 

Young Univ., submit- ted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-D) 

106257 Willard, J.; Clark, J; Louis, C. (1977) Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of 14C-Bentazon in Rice 

Water: Report J1. (Unpublished study received Sep 29, 1977 under 7969-45; submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:231927-A) 

40470503 Gerhardt, R.; Hamm, R. (1987) The Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of Bentazon (BAS 351 

H): Registration Document # BASF 87/0416. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Agricultural Research Station. 33 p. 

162-4 Aerobic aquatic metab. 

MRID Citation Reference 

40470504 Gerhardt, R.; Hamm, R. (1987) The Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of Bentazon (BAS 351 

H): Registration Document # BASF: 87/0417. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Agricultural Research Sta- tion. 50 p. 

124700 Booth, G.; Rhees, R. (1973) Determination of Bentazon Residues in Suspended Soil 

Sediment, Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water; Deter- mination of the Release of Bound 

Bentazon Residues in Water; Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

(Un- published study received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young 

Univ., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094926-C) 

163-1 Leach/adsorption/desorption 

MRID Citation Reference 

40211 Booth, G.M.; Rhees, R.W. (1974) Determination of the Release of Bound 351 Residues 

from Soil into Water. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by 

Brigham Young Univ., Dept. of Zoology, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Par49 
sippany, N.J.; CDL:094131-K) 

40786 Drescher, N. (1973) Leaching of Bentazon in Soil: Laboratory Re- port No. 1138. 2nd rept. 

(Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by BASF, AG, submitted 

by BASF Wy- andotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-D) 

40787 Drescher, N. (1972) A Comparison between the Leaching of Bentazon and 2,4-D through a 

Soil in a Model Experiment: Laboratory Re- port No. 679. (Unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by BASF, AG,submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-E) 

40788 Drescher, N. (1972) Leaching of 2-Amino-N-isopropyl benzamide (AIBA) from the Soil: 

Laboratory Report No. 682. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 

094138-F) 

41081 Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1972) Penetration and Leaching of Bentazon in Soil: Laboratory 

Report No. 1099. (Translation; unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-EX-2; 

prepared by BASF, AG, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 

095003-I) 

41082 Devine, J.M. (1972) Determination of BAS 351-H (3-Isopropyl -1H-2, 1,3-benzothiadiazin4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide) Residues in Leachate & Soil Levels from Model Leaching Plots: 

Report No. 128. (Un- published study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-EX-2; prepared by 

State University College, Lake Ontario Environmental Labora- tory, submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 095003-J) 

51659 Otto, S.; Drescher, N. (1972) Studies on the Degradation of Ben- tazon (BAS 351-H) in 

Soil: Laboratory Report No. 1112. (Trans- lation; unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 

under 7969-EX-2; prepared by BASF, AG, Germany, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:095005-H) 

67244 Green, C.D.; Horton, W.E. (1979) Dissipation of Mefluidide/Bentazon Combination from 

Sandy Loam and Loam Soils: Report No. 779. (Unpublished study received Oct 22, 1980 

under 7182-9; prepared in cooperation with BASF Wyandotte Corp., submitted by 3M Co., 

St. Paul, Minn.; CDL:243522-C) 

83343 Abernathy, J.R.; Wax, L.M. (1973) Bentazon mobility and adsorption in twelve Illinois 

soils. Weed Science 21(3):224-227. (Also ?~In~unpublished submission received Jan 28, 

1974 under 4G1463; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 093899-

F) 

91078 

or 41081 

Drescher, N.; Otto, S. (1972) Penetration and Leaching of Bentazon in Soil: Laboratory 

Report 1099; Rept PR 13. (Translation; un- published study received Sep 2, 1972 under 

3G1309; prepared by BASF AG, West Germany, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Par- sippany, N.J.; CDL:092223-T) 

91079 or Devine, J.M. (1972) Determination of BAS 351-H ?3-Isopropyl-1H- 2,1,3-benzothiadiazin4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide| Residues in Leach- ate & Soil Levels from Model Leaching Plots: 

Report No. 128; Rept PR 14. (Unpublished study received Sep 2, 1972 under 3G1309; 

prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake On- torio Environmental Laboratory, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:092223-U) 

41082 

124700 Booth, G.; Rhees, R. (1973) Determination of Bentazon Residues in Suspended Soil 

Sediment, Bottom Soil Sediment, and Water; Deter- mination of the Release of Bound 

Bentazon Residues in Water; Toxicity of Bentazon to Marine and Freshwater Organisms. 

(Un- published study received Jan 30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by Brigham Young 

Univ., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094926-C) 

50 
40470501 Keller, W. (1986) Soil Adsorption/Desorption Study of Bentazon: Registration Document # 

BASf: 86/0457. Unpublished study pared by BASF Agricultural Research Station. 25 p. 

40470505 Gerhardt, R.; Hamm, R. (1987) The Leaching of Bentazon (BAS 351 H) after Aerobic 

Aging: Registration Document # BASF 87/0430. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Agricultural Research Sta- tion. 52 p. 

43628201 DER 

omitted MRID 

Becker-Arnold, R. (1994) Field Lysimeter Study with (Carbon-14) Bentazone (sic) 

Formulated as BAS 351 32 H: Lab Project Number: 94/11234: P91-E001. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 104 p. 

43628202 Becker-Arnold, R. (1993) Outdoor Lysimeter Study with (Carbon-14) Bentazon in a BAS 

351 32 H Formulation: Lab Project Number: P91-E033: 93/10189. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 108 p. 

43628203 Nelsen, S. (1995) PRZM2 Modeling of Bentazon Leaching in Three US Agronomic Soils: 

Lab Project Number: 95/5034. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 20 p. 

164-1 Terrestrial field dissipation 

MRID Citation Reference 

Portnoy, C.E. (1978) Disappearance of Bentazon and Atrazine in Silt Loam Soil. 

(Unpublished study received Jun 5, 1979 under 7969- 45; submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 238952-I) 

23492 

40197 BASF Wyandotte Corporation (19??) Summary of Residues in Soil Re- sulting from the 

Application of Bentazon. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

CDL:094130-D) 

44392 Stoner, J.H.; Daniel, J.W.; Petersen, F.H.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Commerce Silt Loam Soil 

from St. Joe, La.: Field Experiment No. 1-A-22-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laborato- ries, Inc. and others, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Par- sippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-I) 

44393 Stoner, J.H.; Daniel, J.W.; Petersen, F.H.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N~?-isopropyl benzamide) in Silt Loam Soil from West 

Helena, Arkansas: Field Experiment No. 1-B-7-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laborato- ries, Inc. and Soil and 

Plant Laboratory, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-J) 

44397 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.A.; Petersen, F.H.; et al. (1974) Deter- mination of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopro- pyl benzamide) in Keomah Silt Loam Soil 

from Macomb, Illinois: Field Experiment No. V-A-33-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Labo- ratories, Inc. and others, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-N) 

44398 Stoner, J.H.; Thompson, J.; Petersen, F.H.; et al. (1974) Determin- nation of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Silt Loam Soil from Grand 

Junction, Tenn.: Field Experiment No. VII-A-26-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laborato- ries, Inc. and Soil and 

Plant Laboratory, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-O) 

51 
44401 Devine, J.M.; Tietjens, F. (1973) Determination of Bas 351-H ?3- Isopropyl-1~H~?-2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-(4)3~H~?-one-2,2-diox- ide| Residues in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from 

Greenville, Mis- sissippi: Field Experiment No. 72-76. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario 

Environmental Laboratory and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-R) 

44402 Devine, J.M.; Carter, C.; Hendrick, L.W.; et al. (1973) Determina- tion of Residues of Bas 

351-H ?3-Isopropyl-1~H~?-2,1,3-benzo- thiadiazin-(4) 3~H~?-one-2,2-dioxide| and Its 

Benzamide Metabo- lite, AIBA ?2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide|, in Webster Glencoe Silty Clay Loam Soil from Prior Lake, Minnesota: Field Ex- periment No. III-B-6-72. 

(Unpublished study including published data, received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared 

by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental Laboratory and others, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094047-A) 

44403 Devine, J.M. (1973) Determination of Bas 351-H ?3-Isopropyl-1?~H?~- 2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one-2,2-dioxide| and Its Benzamide Metabolite, AIBA ?2-Amino-

?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide|, in Com- merce Silt Loam Soil from Greenville, Mississippi: 

Field Experi- ment No. 72-55, Post I. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 

5F1529; prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental 

Laboratory and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 094047-B) 

44405 Devine, J.M.; Hanes, R.E. (1973) Determination of Residues of Bas 351-H ?3-Isopropyl1?~H~?-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3?~H~?-one- 2,2-dioxide| and Its Benzamide 

Metabolite, AIBA ?2-Amino-?~N?~- isopropyl benzamide|, in Sharkey Silty Clay Soil 

from Green- ville, Mississippi: Field Experiment No. 72-99. (Unpublished study received 

Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario 

Environmental Laboratory and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094047-D) 

83344 Wuerzer, B. (1972) Bentazon Model Box Runoff Study: Runoff Report 73-6. (Unpublished 

study received Jan 28, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared in cooperation with United States 

Testing Co., submit- ted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093899-G) 

106226 BASF Wyandotte Corp. (1974) Analytical Residue Reports (Soil and Water): ?Bentazon|. 

(Compilation; unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; CDL:094050-A) 

106235 Schwemmer, B.; Willard, J. (1976) Bentazon/Propanil Half-life Study in Clay and Loamy 

Sand Soils. (Unpublished study re- ceived Dec 28, 1976 under 7969-45; submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:095643-B) 

106243 BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp. (1977)?Residues of Bentazon in Beans and Peas 

(Succulent)|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Dec 22, 1977 under 7969-45; 

CDL:096795-A) 

106264 BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp. (1978) Environmental Chemistry: ?Basagran|. 

(Compilation; unpublished study received Jan 25, 1979 under 7969-45; CDL:236832-A) 

52 
108287 Thompson, J.; Schrader, J. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA 

Residues in Sandy Loam Soil Samples from Bethel, North Carolina: Report No. IRDC-1; 

BWC Project No. I-2-G-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; 

prepared by International Research and Development Corp., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-F) 

108288 Daniel, J.; Gricher, J.; Boswell, T. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Sand Soil Samples from Yoakum, Texas: Report No. IRDC-3; BWC Project 

No. I-2-G-73. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by 

International Research and Development Corp., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-G) 

124701 Devine, J. (1972) Determination of BAS 351-H ... Residues in Run- Off Water and 

Sediment from Model Runoff Studies: Report No. 138. (Unpublished study received Jan 

30, 1974 under 4G1463; prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario 

Envi- ronmental Laboratory, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical Corp., Parsippany, 

NJ; CDL:094926-F) 

TRID number- no 

MRID given Schluter. M.M. Response to deficiencies on previous 164-1 submissions- upgrade memo. 

44384 Stoner, J.H.; Hendrick, L.W.; Arnold, G. (1974) Determination of Residues of Bentazon in 

Soil from Brookings, S. Dakota: Field Experiment No. III-A-1-73. (Unpublished study 

including pub- lished data, received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Stoner 

Laboratories, Inc. in cooperation with South Dakota State Univ., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 094048-A) 

44385 Stoner, J.H.; Hendrick, L.W.; Arnold, G. (1974) Determination of Residues of AIBA (2-

Amino-?~N~?-isopropyl benzamide) in Soil from Brookings, South Dakota: Field 

Experiment No. III-A-1-73. (Unpublished study including published data, received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Stoner Laboratories, Inc. in co- operation with South 

Dakota State Univ., submitted by BASF Wyan- dotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-B) 

44386 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.; Waltz, R. (1974) Determination of Resi- dues of Bentazon (Bas 

351-H) in Sandy Loam Soil from Mason, Michigan: Field Experiment No. 5-B-3-73. 

(Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with 

Stoner Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-C) 

44387 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.; Waltz, R. (1974) Determination of Resi- dues of AIBA (2-

Amino-?~N~?-isopropyl benzamide) in Sandy Loam Soil from Mason, Michigan: Field 

Experiment No. 5-B-3-73. (Un- published study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-D) 

44388 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.; Meggitt, W. (1974) Determination of Residues of Bentazon 

(Bas 351-H) in Conover Silt Loam Soil from E. Lansing, Michigan: Field Experiment No. 

MSU-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation 

with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and Michigan State Univ., submit- ted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-E) 

53 
44389 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.; Meggitt, W. (1974) Determination of Residues of AIBA (2-

Amino-?~N~?isopropyl benzamide), in Conover Silt Loam Soil from E. Lansing, 

Michigan: Field Experiment No. MSU-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 

5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and Michigan State Univ., 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-F) 

44390 Stoner, J.H.; Hanes, R.E. (1974) Determination of Residues of Ben- tazon (Bas 351-H) and 

AIBA in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from Greenville, Mississippi: Field Experiment No. 

73-43. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in co- operation 

with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and United States Test- ing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-G) 

44391 

Stoner, J.H.; Weurzer, B.; Hanes, R.E. (1974) Determination of Res- idues of Bentazon 

and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from 

Greenville, Miss.: Field Experi- ment No. 73-11. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 

under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and United States 

Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-H) 

44394 Stoner, J.H.; Von Amsberg, H.; Daniel, J.W.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Silt Loam Soil from 

Trenton, Arkansas: Field Ex- periment No. 1-B-12-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and others, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-K) 

44395 

Stoner, J.H.; Daniel, J.W.; Petersen, F.H. (1974) Determination of Residues of Bentazon 

and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benza- mide) in Sandy Loam Soil from Bartlett, 

Tenn.: Field Experiment No. 1-B-16-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 

5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and Soil and Plant 

Laboratory, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-L) 

44396 Stoner, J.H.; Veenstra, M.A.; Petersen, F.H.; et al. (1974) Deter- mination of Residues of 

Bentazon and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N~?-isopro- pyl benzamide) in Loam Soil from 

Williamston, Michigan: Field Experiment No. 5-B-12-72. (Unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laborato- ries, Inc. and Soil 

and Plant Laboratory, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-M) 

44399 Stoner, J.H.; Weurzer, B.; Hanes, R.E. (1974) Determination of Res- idues of Bentazon 

and AIBA (2-Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from 

Greenville, Miss.: Field Experi- ment No. 71-13-1. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and United 

States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094048-P) 

44400 Stoner, J.H.; Hanes, R.E. (1974) Determination of Residues of Ben- tazon and AIBA (2-

Amino-?~N?~-isopropyl benzamide) in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from Greenville, Miss.: 

Field Experiment No. 73- 41. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Stoner Laboratories, Inc. and United States Testing Co., Inc., 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-Q) 

54 
44401 Devine, J.M.; Tietjens, F. (1973) Determination of Bas 351-H ?3- Isopropyl-1~H~?-2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-(4)3~H~?-one-2,2-diox- ide| Residues in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from 

Greenville, Mis- sissippi: Field Experiment No. 72-76. (Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared by State Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario 

Environmental Laboratory and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094048-R) 

44404 Devine, J.M. (1973) Determination of Residues of AIBA ?2-Amino- ?~N?~-isopropyl 

benzamide| in Commerce Silt Loam Soil from Greenville, Mississippi: Field Experiment 

No. 72-76. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by State 

Univ. of New York--Oswego, Lake Ontario Environmental Lab- oratory, submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094047-C) 

44411 Eschbach, J.C.; Ascheman, R.E.; Wilson, L.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Bentazon and 

AIBA Residues in Silt Loam Soil from Washington, Iowa: Field Experiment No. IV-C-2-

73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with 

Brayton Chemical Co., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; 

CDL:094049-F) 

44412 Eschbach, J.C.; Ascheman, R.E.; Hanes, R.E.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Bentazon 

and AIBA Residues in Silt Loam Soil from Bur- lington, Iowa: Field Experiment No. IVC-3-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation 

with Brayton Chemical Co. and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 094049-G) 

44413 Eschbach, J.C.; Veenstra, M.A.; Hanes, R.E.; et al. (1974) Determi- nation of Bentazon 

and AIBA Residues in Sandy Loam Soil from Williamston, Michigan: Field Experiment 

No. V-B-4-72. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-H) 

44414 Eschbach, J.C.; Thompson, J.; Hanes, R.E.; et al. (1974) Determina- tion of Bentazon and 

AIBA Residues in Loamy Sand Soil from Or- angeburg County, South Carolina: Field 

Experiment No. VII-A-61- 73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with United States Testing Co., Inc., sub- mitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-I) 

44415 Eschbach, J.C.; Thompson, J.; Hanes, R.E.; et al. (1974) Determina- tion of Bentazon and 

AIBA Residues, Sandy Soil from Marion Coun- ty, South Carolina: Field Experiment No. 

VII-A-62-73. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-J) 

44416 Eschbach, J.C.; Orr, J.; Hanes, R.E.; et al. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA 

Residues in Portneuf Silt Loam Soil from Kimberly, Idaho: Field Experiment No. II-B-6-

73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with 

United States Testing Co., Inc. and Rogers Brothers Co., submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 094049-K) 

55 
108285 Dye, D.; Thompson, J.; Tiller, H. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Sandy Loam Soil Samples from Sumter, South Carolina: Report No. S-43; 

BWC Project No. I-2-B-76. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; 

prepared by Stoner Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, 

MI; CDL:096044-D) 

108286 Dye, D.; Thompson, J.; Driggers, R. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Norfolk Loamy Sand Soil Samples from Tifton, Georgia: Report No. S-41; 

BWC Project No. I-2-B-76. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; 

prepared by Stoner Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, 

MI; CDL:096044-E) 

108287 Thompson, J.; Schrader, J. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA 

Residues in Sandy Loam Soil Samples from Bethel, North Carolina: Report No. IRDC-1; 

BWC Project No. I-2-G-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; 

prepared by International Research and Development Corp., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-F) 

108288 Daniel, J.; Gricher, J.; Boswell, T. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Sand Soil Samples from Yoakum, Texas: Report No. IRDC-3; BWC Project 

No. I-2-G-73. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by 

International Research and Development Corp., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-G) 

108289 Daniels, J.; Santchran, P. (1975) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and Aiba 

Residues in Sandy Loam Soil from Perkins, Okla- homa: Report No. C-66; BWC Project 

No. 1-2-F-74. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by 

Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyan- dotte, MI; 

CDL:096044-H) 

108290 Daniel, J.; Habetz, A. (1975) Determination of Bentazon and Aiba Residues in Crowley 

Silt Loam Soil Samples from Rayne, Louisi- ana: Report No. C-67; BWC Project No. 1-2-

F-74. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Cannon 

Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyan- dotte, MI; CDL:096044-I) 

108291 Daniels, J.; Crane, L. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA Residues 

in Clay Soil Samples from Alvin, Texas: Report No. IRDC-2; BWC Project No. I-2-G-73. 

(Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by International Research and Development Corp., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp, Wyandotte, MI; 

CDL:096044-J) 

108292 Veenstra, M.; Hamelink, R. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA 

Residues in Soil from Williamston, Michigan: Report No. C-63; BWC Project No. I-2-F74. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-K) 

108293 Ascheman, R.; Robison, G. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA 

Residues in Loam Soil from Adel, Iowa: Report No. C-63; BWC Project No. 1-2-F-74. 

(Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Cannon 

Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL: 096044-L) 

56 
108294 Dye, D.; Hendrick, L.; Little, D. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) Residues 

in Silt Loam Soil Samples from Nerstrand, Minnesota: Report S-42; BWC Project No. I-2-

B-76. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Stoner 

Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyan- dotte, MI; CDL:096044-

M) 

108295 Veenstra, M.; Allen, G. (1975) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351- H) and AIBA 

Residues in Loam Soil from Jersey City, Ohio: Report No. C-62; BWC Project No. 1-2-F74. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Cannon 

Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL: 096044-

N) 

108296 Orr, J.; Blankenbarg, F. (1975) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) and AIBA 

Residues in Sandy Loam Soil from Nampa, Idaho: Report No. C-64; BWC Project No. I-2-

F-74. (Unpublished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; prepared by Cannon 

Labora- tories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-

O) 

164-2 Aquatic field dissipation 

MRID Citation Reference 

Eschbach, J.C., and W. Lipsey. 1974. Determination o f bentazon and AIBAresidues i n 

water from t i l e drainage system underlying soybean p l o t from D a n v i l l e , Iowa: F i e 

l d Experiment No. PL-4-73-6. Unpublished study received July 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

44407 

prepared i n cooperati on w i t h Agri -Research Associ ates, Inc., submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094049-B. 

44408 Eschbach, J.C., J.W. Daniel , and 0. Von Kemel . 1974. Determination o f bentazon and 

AIBA residues i n r u n - o f f water from soybean p l o t s from La Grange, Arkansas: F i e l 

d Experiment No. VIII-8-30-73. Unpublished study received July 1, 1974 unlder 5F1529; 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094049-E. 

106258 Willard, J. (1977) Basagran Water Dispersal and Indicator Organism Study, Alvin, Texas: 

Report J2. (Unpublished study received Sep 29, 1977 under 7969-45; prepared in 

cooperation with Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Chemical 

Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:231927-B) 

108297 Guzman, B.; Daniels, J.; Habetz, A. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Rice Water Dissipation: Samples from Rayne, Louisiana: Report No. PR-136. 

(Unpublished study re- ceived Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-P) 

108298 Guzman, B.; Daniels, J.; Easton, E. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) 

Residues in Rice Water Samples from Beaumont, Texas: Report No. PR-135. (Unpublished 

study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-Q) 

108299 Horton, W.; Carter, C.; Bayer, D. (1976) Determination of Bentazon (BAS 351-H) Residues 

in Rice Water Samples from Davis, Califor- nia: Report No. PR-138. (Unpublished study 

received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; 

CDL:096044-R) 

41434401 Eubanks, M. (1989) Field Report on the Dissipation of Basagran Herbicide (BAS 351 07 H) 

in a Rice Paddy--1988 Leland, MS (RCN 88060): Lab Project Nos. E 8926; 90/5002. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Stonevile Associates. 84 p. 

57 
41434402 Single, Y. (1990) Dissipation of the Residues of Bentazon (BAS 351 H) in Rice Paddy Soil 

and Water (RCN 88060--Leland, MS): Lab Project Nos. A9004: 90/5003. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corp. and Enseco California Analytical Laboratory. 88 p. 

41434403 Eubanks, M. (1989) Field Report on the Dissipation of Basagran Herbicide (BAS 351 07 H) 

in a Rice Paddy--1988 Chico, CA (RCN 88058): Lab Project Nos. E 8925; 90/5004. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Chemtec, Inc. 57 p. 

41434404 Single, Y. (1990) Dissipation of the Residues of Bentazon (BAS 351 H) in Rice Paddy Soil 

and Water (RCN 88058--Chico, CA): Lab Project Nos. A9002; 90/5005. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Corp. and Enseco California Analytical Laboratory. 92 p. 

41434405 Eubanks, M. (1989) Field Report on the Dissipation of Basagran Her- bicide (BAS 351 07 

H) in a Rice Paddy--1988 Washington, LA (RCN 88059): Lab Project No. E 8924; 90/5006. 

Unpublished study pre- pared by BASF Corp. and Jensen Agricultural Consultants, Inc. 114 

p. 

41434406 Single, Y. (1990) Dissipation of the Residues of Bentazon (BAS 351 H) in Rice Paddy Soil 

and Water (RCN 88059--Washington, LA): Lab Project Nos. A9003; 90/5007. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corp. and Enseco California Analytical Laboratory. 88 p. 

43431901 Evans, J.; Jordan, J.; Anderson, S. (1994) Basagran Herbicide Dissipation in a Rice Paddy 

1992 Study: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 92111: ER/94018: 94/5151. Unpublished 

study prepared by Jensen Ag. Consultants, Inc.; Stoneville Associates, Inc.; and BASF Corp. 

578 p. 

41447901 Eubanks, M.; Clark, J. (1990) Basagran Herbicide (BAS 351 07 H) Aquatic Use Field 

Dissipation Studies: Summary Report: Document 90/5001; Report E 8949. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Corp., Enseco California Analytical Laboratory and others. 40 p. 

43521201 Ellenson, J. (1994) Storage Stability of (carbon 14) Bentazon Photolysis Product Peak B: 

Lab Project Number: M8928: M9323: 94/5138. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 

162 p. 

165-0 Accumulation Studies -- General 

MRID Citation Reference 

41078 Booth, G.M.; Yu, C.C.; Hansen, D.J. (1972) Fate, Metabolism, and Toxicity of 3-Isopropyl1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2= dioxide in a Model Ecosystem. (Unpublished 

study received Sep 2, 1972 under 7969-EX-2; prepared by Illinois Natural History Survey 

and others, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippa- ny, N.J.; CDL:095003-E) 

108300 Booth, G. (1975) Uptake, Metabolism and Accumulation of Bentazon from Soil into 

Crawfish (Procambus clarki). Final rept. (Un- published study received Jul 12, 1976 under 

6F1828; prepared by Brighman Young Univ., Dept. of Zoology, submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI; CDL:096044-S) 

108301 Horton, W.; Daniel, J.; Habetz, A. (1976) Determination of Benta- zon (BAS 351-H) and 6- 

and 8-Hydroxy Bentazon Residues in Craw- fish Samples from Rayne, Louisiana: Report 

No. PR-148. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 12, 1976 under 6F1828; submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, MI: CDL:096044-T) 

58 
165-1 Confined rotational crop 

MRID Citation Reference 

40789 Quistad, G.B.; Staiger, L.E.; Schooley, D.A. (1978) Environmental degradation of the 

miticide Cycloprate (Hexadecyl cyclopropane- carboxylate). 1. Rat metabolism. Journal of 

Agricultural and Food Chemistry 26(1):60-66. (Also~In~unpublished submission re- ceived 

Feb 28, 1978 under 20954-EX-9; submitted by Zoecon Corp., Palo Alto, Calif.; 

CDL:096840-C) 

40767701 Winkler, V. (1987) Confined Accumulation of ?carbon 14|-Bentazon in Annual Rotational 

Crops after Aquatic Use: Document No. BASF 88/5051. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Agricultural Re- search Center. 67 p. 

40767702 Winkler, V. (1988) Confined Accumulation of ?carbon 14|-Bentazon in Emergency Replant, 

Fall and Annual Rotational Crops after Terrestrial Use: Document No. BASF 88/5053. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 150 p. 

41146605- PC Code 

275200 

Eubanks, M. (1989) Magnitude of the Residues of Bentazon in Soil and Crop Matrices from 

a Rotational Crop Study in California (RCN 87107): Rept. No. A8932; Doc. No. BASF 

89/5064. Unpublish- ed study prepared in Cooperation with EN-CAS Analytical Laboratories, Enseco California Analytical Laboratory and others. 219 p. 

41146601- PC Code 

275100 Eubanks, M. (1989) Basagran Herbicide Terrestrial Rotational Crop Study 1987-1988 

Dinuba, CA (RCN 87107): Rept. No. E 8806; Doc. No. BASF 89/5060. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Farm. 89 p. 

41146602- PC Code 

275100 

Eubanks, M. (1989) Basagran Herbicide Terrestrial Rotational Crop Study 1987-1988 

Genesco, IL (RCN 87105): Rept. No. E 8805; Doc. No. BASF 89/5061. Unpublished study 

prepared by Agri-growth Research, Inc. 81 p. 

41146603- PC Code 

275200 Eubanks, M. (1989) Basagran Herbicide Terrestrial Rotational Crop Study 1987-1988 

Hollandale, MN (RCN 87104): Rept. No. E 8804; Doc. No. BASF 89/5062. Unpublished 

study prepared by Agri-Growth Research, Inc. 111 p. 

41146606- PC Code 

275100 

Eubanks, M. (1989) Magnitude of the Residues of Bentazon in Soil and Crop Matrices from 

a Rotational Crop Study in Illinois (RCN 87105): Rept. No. A8930; Doc. No. BASF 

89/5065. Unpublished study prepared in cooperation with Enseco California Analytical 

Laboratory, EN-CAS Analytical Laboratories and Others. 206 p. 

41146607- PC Code 

275200 

Single, Y. (1989) Magnitude of the Residues of Bentazon in Soil and Crop Matrices from a 

Rotational Crop Study in Minnesota (...): Rept. No. A8928; Doc. No. 89/5066. Unpublished 

study prepared in cooperation with EN-CAS Analytical Laboratories, Enseco California 

Analytical Laboratory and others. 211 p. 

42361901- PC Code 

275200 Winkler, V. (1992) Summary of Presentation to EPA Concerning the Bentazon Confined 

Crop Rotation Study: ?A Supplement|: Lab Project Number: 92/5087. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 22 p. 

42963701 Venkatesh, K. (1993) Carbon 14-Bentazon (BAS 351 H) Confined Rotational Crop Study: 

Lab Project Number: M9304: M91060: 93/5094. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Corp., Agricultural Products; American Agricultural Services; and Agvise Labs. 178 p. 

59 
165-4 Bioaccumulation in fish 

MRID Citation Reference 

ACC 265408 = 

MRID 164087 

Forbis, A.; Frazier, S.; Stuerman, L. (1986) Uptake, Depuration and Bioconcentration of 

[Carbon 14]-bentazon by Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Report No. 34506. 

Unpublished study pre- pared by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. 238 p. 

40793 Booth, G.M. (1974) Uptake, Metabolism and Accumulation of Bentazon in Channel Catfish 

(~?Ectalurus punctatus?~). (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared 

by Brigham Young Univ., Dept. of Zoology, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-K) 

40794 Joseph, T.C.; Gilman, M.R. (1974) Report: Determination of Residues in Fish following 

Their Exposure to Radioactive Bas 351-H: Lab- oratory No. E-6259. (Unpublished study 

received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Cannon Laboratories, Inc., submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-L) 

83347 Cannon Laboratories, Incorporated (1974) Determination of Residues in Fish following 

Their Exposure to Radioactive BAS 351-H: Labo- ratory No. E-6259. (Unpublished study 

received Jan 28, 1974 un- der 4G1463; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, 

N.J.; CDL:093899-K) 

98842 Sanborn, J.R. (1974) The Fate of Select Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment. By Illinois, 

Natural History Survey. Corvallis, Oreg.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National 

Environmental Research Center. (EPA-660/3-74-025; available from: Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 and NTIS, 

Springfield, VA 22151: PB 239 749; published study; CDL:232569-Z) 

155470 BASF Wyandotte Corp. (1985) 90 Day Response to Registration Notice of 9/27/85 for 

Sodium Bentazon. Unpublished compilation. 67 p. 

164087 Forbis, A.; Frazier, S.; Stuerman, L. (1986) Uptake, Depuration and Bioconcentration of 

[Carbon 14]-bentazon by Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Report No. 34506. 

Unpublished study pre- pared by Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. 238 p. 

40954801- PC Code 

275200 

Patel, J.; Winler, V. (1988) Identification of Bioaccumulated Resi- dues in Channel Catfish 

(Ictalurus punctatus) After ?Carbon 14|- Bentazon Exposure: Registration Document No. 

BASF: 88/5117. Un- published study prepared by BASF Corp. Agricultural Research 

Center. 63 p. 

42236501- PC Code 

275200 

McKenna, E.; Tanaka, F. (1992) Bioaccumulation and Metabolism of ?carbon 14| Bentazon 

in Bluegill Sunfish: Lab Project Number: PROTOCOL 91070: PROTOCOL 91071: M9128. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. and Battelle. 180 p. 

Groundwater Well Water and Runoff Studies 

44406 Eschbach, J.C.; Lipsey, W. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA Residues in Shallow 

Well Water from Soybean Plots: Field Experiment No. PL-4-73-5. (Unpublished study 

received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with Agri-Research Associates, 

Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-A) 

60 
44408 Eschbach, J.C.; Lipsey, W. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA Residues in Well 

Water and Water from Tile Drainage System Underlying Soybean Plots from Adrian, Illinois: 

Field Experiment No. PL-73-7. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

prepared in cooperation with Agri Research Associates, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL: 094049-C) 

44409 Eschbach, J.C.; Daniel, J.W.; Von Kemel, P. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA 

Residues in Shallow Well Water from Soybean Plots from Helena, Arkansas: Field 

Experiment No. VIII-B-29-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-D) 

44407 Eschbach, J.C.; Linsey, W. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA Residues in Water 

from Tile Drainage System Underlying Soy- bean Plot from Danville, Iowa: Field Experiment 

No. PL-4-73-6. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared in 

cooperation with Agri-Research Associates, Inc., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., 

Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-B) 

44410 Eschbach, J.C.; Daniel, J.W.; Von Kemel, O. (1974) Determination of Bentazon and AIBA 

Residues in Run-Off Water from Soybean Plots from Lagrange, Arkansas: Field Experiment 

No. VIII-B-30-73. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094049-E) 

119888 BASF Wyandotte Corp. (1978) Determination of AIBA ... Residues in Water Samples from 

Alvin, Texas: TX-1-JIW-77: Report No. PR-176. (Unpublished study received Aug 24, 1978 

under 7969-45; CDL: 097310-B) 

Found in Non-Guideline Section of OPPIN-many are analytical methods 

23493 Drescher, N.; Eschbach, J.E. (1974) Determination of BAS 351-H ?3- isopropyl-1H2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide| Resi- dues in Soil and Mud by Gas 

Chromatography. Method no. 6 dated Jan 23, 1974. (Unpublished study received Jun 5, 

1979 under 7969-45; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsipany, N.J.; 

CDL:238952-J)p., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:238952-J) 

40198 Drescher, N.; Devine, J. (1973) Determination of Residues of Benta- zon, BAS 351-H 

(3-Isopropyl-1 H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3 H -one-2,2-dioxide) and Its Benzamide 

Metabolite, AIBA (2-Amino- N -isopropyl-benzamide) in Soil by Gas Chromatography. 

Meth- od no. 4 dated Oct 1, 1973. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 

5F1529; prepared in cooperation with BASF, AG and State Univ. of New York, Lake 

Ontario Environmental Laboratory; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, 

N.J.; CDL: 094130-E) 

40199 Drescher, N.; Eschbach, J.C. (1974) Determination of Bas 351-H (3- Isopropyl-1H2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide) Resi- dues in Soil and Mud by Gas 

Chromatography. Method no. 6 dated Jan 23, 1974. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 

1974 under 5F1529; prepared in cooperation with BASF, AG, submitted by BASF 

Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094130-F) 

84719 Drescher, N.; Eschbach, J.C. (1974) Determination of BAS 351-H ?3- Isopropyl-1H2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one-2,2-Dioxide| Res- idues in Soil and Mud by Gas 

Chromatography. Method no. 6 dated Jan 23, 1974. (Unpublished study received Jan 28, 

1974 under 4G1463; prepared in cooperation with BASF AG, West Ger- many, 

submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:093898-K) 

40200 Eschbach, J.C. (1974) Determination of Bas 351-H ?3-Isopropyl-1H-2, 1,3-

benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide| Residues in Water by Gas Chromatography. 

Method no. 8 dated Jan 23, 1974. (Unpub- lished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 

5F1529; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094130-G) 

61 
62 

40201 Eschbach, J.C. (1974) Determination of Bentazon (Bas 351-H) and AIBA (Benzamide 

Metabolite): Method no. 13 dated Jun 19, 1974. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 

under 5F1529; submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094130-H) 

40790 Devine, J.M. (1972) Determination of BAS 351-H ?3-Isopropyl-1H- 2,1,3 

benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide| Residues in Soil and Runoff Water: Report No. 

133. Method dated Oct 2, 1972. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1974 under 5F1529; 

prepared by Lake Ontario Environmental Laboratory, submitted by BASF Wy- andotte 

Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094138-H) 

51881 Rittig, F.R.; Synnatschke, G.; Guckel, W. (1972) Gas Chromato- graphic Determination 

of Bentazon: Laboratory Report No. 1056. (Translation; unpublished study received Jul 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by Badische Anilin--& Soda-Fabrik, AG, sub- mitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, N.J.; CDL:094136-E) 

43668601 Hofmann, M. (1990) Determination of the DT50 of (Carbon-14)- Bentazon in a New 

Lysimeter Soil: Lab Project Number: P90-S020: 3020: 90/10921. Unpublished study 

prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 26 p. 

44105504 Baker, D.; Richards, R. (1990) Transport of soluble pesticides through drainage 

networks in large agricultural river basins. Chapter 17, p. 241-270 in Long Range 

Transport of Pesticides by D.A. Kurtz. Lewis. 

41082 Devine, J.M. 1972. Determination o f BAS 351-H (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-4(3H) -one-2,2-di oxi de) residues i n 1 eachate and soi 1 1 eve1 s from 

model 1 eachi ng p l o t s :Report No. 125. Unpublished study received Sep. 2, 1972 

under 7969-EX-2; prepared by State U n i v e r s i t y Col 1 ege, Lake Ontario Envi 

ronmental Laboratory, submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ; 

CDL:095003-J. 

44403 Devine, 3.11. 1973. Determination o f BAS 351-H (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-

benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one-2,2-di oxi de) and i t s benzami de rnetabol i t e , AIBA (2-

arni no-N-i sopropyl benzami de), i n Commerce s i 1 t 1 oam soi 1 f rom Greenvi 11 e, 

Mi s s i s s i ppi : F i e l d Experiment No. 72-55,Post I. Unpublished study received July 

1, 1974 under 5F1529; prepared by State U n i v e r s i t y of New York--0sweg0, Lake 

Ontario Envi ronmental Laboratory and United States Testing Co., Inc., submitted by 

BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ; CDL:094047-B. 

83344 Wuerzer, B. 1972. Bentazon model box r u n o f f study: Runoff Report 73-6. 

Unpublished study received Jan. 28, 1974 under 461463; prepared i n cooperation w i t h 

United States Testing Co., submitted by BASF Wyandotte Corp., Parsippany, NJ; 

CDL:093899-G. 
Appendix B: DT50s for Submitted Environmental Fate Studies 

Appendix Table B-1. Parent and Total Toxic Residue (TTR) PestDF Degradation Half-life Estimation Output 

Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Hydrolysis – pH 7 (MRID 00161293) 

Same as Parent Only 

Aquatic Photolysis – pH 7 (MRID 4364201)

Same as Parent Only

63 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aerobic Soil Metabolism – Sandy Clay Loam at 22°C (MRID 00040209)Temperature Corrected to 54.0 days at 25°C Temperature Corrected to 54.6 days at 25°CAerobic Soil Metabolism – Sandy Loam at 23°C (MRID 00067244)Temperature Corrected to 4.28 days at 25°C

Degradates not Measured 

64 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aerobic Soil Metabolism – Loam at 23°C (MRID 00067244)

Degradates not Measured

Temperature Corrected to 10.9 days at 25°C

Aerobic Soil Metabolism – Sandy Loam at 22°C (MRID 40470502)Temperature Corrected to 68.5 days at 25°C Temperature Corrected to 69.4 days at 25°C

65 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aerobic Soil Metabolism – Loamy Sand at 22°C (MRID 40470502)Temperature Corrected to 29.3 days at 25°C Temperature Corrected to 29.6 days at 25°CAerobic Soil Metabolism – Clay Loam at 22°C (MRID 40470502)Temperature Corrected to 39.6 days at 25°C Temperature Corrected to 41.1 days at 25°C

66 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism – clay soil and deep well water from Greenville, Mississippi at 25°C (MRID 40470503) 

Degradates not Measured

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism – clay soil and deep well water from Greenville, Mississippi at 25°C (MRID 40470504)

Degradates Measured (Without Replication) at only T

67 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism – sandy loam soil and deep well water from Greenville, Mississippi at 25°C (MRID 40470504)

Degradates Measured (Without Replication) at only T

Aquatic Field Dissipation – MS Plot 2 (First application to dry soil; Second application to flooded plot) (MRID 43431901 – Water only 

68 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aquatic Field Dissipation – MS Plot 3 (Both applications to flooded plot) (MRID 43431901 – Water only after second application)Aquatic Field Dissipation – LA Plot 2 (First application to dry soil; Second application to flooded plot) (MRID 43431901 – Water only 

69 
Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Aquatic Field Dissipation – LA Plot 3 (Both applications to flooded plot) (MRID 43431901 – Water only after second application)

Same as “Parent Only” (no degradates measured a

Appendix Table B-2. Degradate O-amino-N-isopropyl benzamide (AIBA) PestDF Degradation Half-life Estimation Output 

Parent Only Total Toxic Residue (TTR

Hydrolysis – pH 7 (MRID 00083339 

Same as “Parent Only” (no degradates measured 

The PestDF output does not contain the half-life estimates. Assuming a SFO relationship Excel estimates a half-life of 932 days. 

70 
http://www.epa.gov/oppefed/models/water/input_parameters_guidance.html

71 
Appendix C: Degradate Formation in Fate Studies 

Table C-1. Bentazon and Its Environmental Transformation Products. 

Chemical Name, Solubility, and KOC Chemical Structure Study Type 

L

Ma

%A

MRID 

PARENT

Aqueous Photolysis 00040785 Soil Photolysis 00040785 Aqueous Photolysis 00161294Aqueous Photolysis 4364201 Aerobic Soil Metab. 40470502

Bentazon (BAS 351H) IUPAC: 3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide CAS: 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide CAS No.: 50723-80-3 Formula: C10H11N2O3SNa

MW: 262.26 g/molSMILES: c1cc2[N-]S(N(C(c2cc1)=O)C(C)C)(=O)=O.[Na+] Mobility

Water solubility: 570 mg/L (measured); 292.66 mg/L (EPI 

Suite estimate) 

Kd: 0.176 L/kg (measured); Koc: 10 L/kg (MCI method) 

Aerobic Soil Metab. 00040209

MAJOR (>10%) TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS 

O-amino-N-isopropyl benzamide (AIBA) – drinking 

water degradate of concern

CAS: 2-amino-N-isopropylbenzamide CAS No.: 30391-89-0 

Formula: C10H14N2O

MW: 178.24 g/molSMILES: O=C(NC(C)C)c1ccccc1N Mobility

Water solubility: 33,247 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 27.83 L/kg (MCI method) 

NH

O

CH3

CH

Aqueous Photolysis 

NH2

3

00040785 2

O-nitro-N-isopropyl benzamide (7) ) – drinking water O Aqueous Photolysis 00040785 2

72 
Chemical Name, Solubility, and KOC Chemical Structure Study Type 

L

Ma

%A

MRID 

degradate of concern

Formula: C10H12N2O3MW: 208.22 g/molSMILES: O=C(NC(C)C)c1ccccc1[N+](=O)[O-] Mobility

Water solubility: 1327 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 89.72 L/kg (MCI method)

Aerobic Soil Metab. 00040209 0.6

O-nitroso-N-isopropylbenzamide (8) ) – drinking water degradate of concern

Formula: C10H12N2O2

MW: 192.22 g/molSMILES: O=C(NC(C)C)c1ccccc1N=O Mobility

Water solubility: 660.3 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 53.09 L/kg (MCI method)

NH

O

CH3

CH3

Soil Photolysis 

NO

00040785 2

Photoproduct 10 (MRID 00040785) ) – drinking water degradate of concern

Formula: C17H20N4O2

MW: 312.37 g/molKoc: 66.37 L/kg (MCI method) Upper Structure 

SMILES: C(=O)(NN(C(=O)(c1ccccc1N))C(C)C)c1ccccc1N MobilityWater solubility 9790 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) 

Or: Lower Structure

SMILES: C(N)(=O)c1c(NN(C(=O)c2c(N)cccc2)C(C)C)cccc1 Mobility

Water solubility 6617.4 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate)

Structure is Approximate: 

C

O

NH

N C

H3C CH3

O

NH2 H2N

Or: 

NH

N C

H3C CH3

O

O H2N

H2N

Soil Photolysis 00040785 1

Photoproduct 12 (MRID 00040785) Aqueous Photolysis 00040785 1

O 

73 
Chemical Name, Solubility, and KOC Chemical Structure Study Type 

L

Ma

%A

MRID 

MW: 477.55 g/molSMILES: C1(=O)c2c(c(N3c4c(C(=O)N(C(C)C)S3(=O)=O)cccc4)ccc2)NS(=O)(=O)C1C(C)C Mobility

Water solubility: 1.37 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 59.61 L/kg (MCI method)

Soil Photolysis 9

Photoproduct 13 (MRID 00040785) Aqueous Photolysis 1Formula: C21H23N3O6S2

MW: 477.55 g/molSMILES: C1(=O)c2c(ccc(N3c4c(C(=O)N(C(C)C)S3(=O)=O)cccc4)c2)NS(=O)(=O)C1C(C)C Mobility

Water solubility: 1.37 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 58.42 L/kg (MCI method)

N

N

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

HN N

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

00040785

Soil Photolysis 8

74 
Chemical Name, Solubility, and KOC Chemical Structure Study Type 

L

Ma

%A

MRID 

Photoproduct B (MRID 4364201) IUPAC: 3-isopropyl-2,2-dioxo-5-oxo-cyclopentano[d]IH2,1,3-thiadiazln-4(3H)-one β-carbonic acid

Formula: C10H10N2O6S

N

NH

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

O

O

HO MW: 286.26g/mol

SMILES: C(=O)(O)C1C(=O)C2C(=O)N(C(C)C)S(=O)(=O)NC=2C=1 Mobility

Water solubility: 286,510 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 10 L/kg (MCI method)

Aqueous Photolysis 4364201 21 

Unextracted residues Aerobic Soil Metab. 00010209 73.

(not applicable) Aerobic Soil Metab. 40470502 60.

80.62.

Carbon dioxide Formula: CO2

MW: 44.1 g/molSMILES: O=C=O 

O C O Aerobic Soil Metab. 40470502 24.

12.23.

MINOR (<10%) TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS

N-methylbentazon ) – drinking water degradate of 

concern

Formula: C11H14N2O3S

MW: 254.31 g/molSMILES: O=C1N(C(C)C)S(=O)(=O)N(C)c2ccccc12 Mobility

Water solubility: 135.43 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 10 L/kg (MCI method)

N

N

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

Aerobic Soil Metab. 40470502

3.8 2.3 1.8 

75 
76 

Chemical Name, Solubility, and KOC Chemical Structure Study Type MRID 

L

Ma

%A

8-Cl-bentazon Formula: C10H11ClN2O3S

MW: 274.72 g/molSMILES: O=C1N(C(C)C)S(=O)(=O)Nc2c(Cl)cccc12 Mobility

Water solubility: 62.32 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 11.23 L/kg (MCI method)

N

NH

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

Cl

Aerobic Soil Metab. 40470502

0.6 0.6 

1.

Photoproduct 11 (MRID 00040785) Formula: C21H23N3O4S

MW: 413.49 g/molSMILES: C1(=O)c2c(ccc(N3c4c(C(=O)N3C(C)C)cccc4)c2)NS(=O)(=O)C1C(C)C Mobility

Water solubility: 133.99 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 260.6 L/kg (MCI method)

N

HN N

SO2

O

CH3

CH3

N

O

CH3

CH3

Soil Photolysis 00040785 5Aqueous Photolysis 00161294

pH 5: 

pH 7

pH 9

Photoproduct C (MRIDs 00161294, 4364201) IUPAC: 1-{N-(1-methylethyl)}-2-sulfoamino benzamide

Formula: C10H14N2O3S

Aqueous Photolysis 4364201 6.

MW: 242.29 g/molSMILES: C(=O)(c1c(NS(=O)=O)cccc1)NC(C)C Mobility

Water solubility: 49452 mg/L (EPI Suite estimate) Koc: 10 L/kg (MCI method)

NH

NO

CH3

CH3

SO3H H
Appendix D: Results of ECOSAR Modeling 

 

ECOSAR is a screening-level tool based on chemical structures developed by the USEPA’s 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention for rapid screening of chemicals for 

ecotoxicity hazards. The modeling results show that all degradates are slightly more toxic 

than parent bentazon, especially the photoproduct 12 and 13 which are about 32, 98, 18, 31, 

and 16 times more toxic for fresh water fish, daphnids, green algae, saltwater fish and 

saltwater mysids, respectively. The estimated toxicity values by the ECOSAR for bentazon 

are similar to observed toxicity values from the submitted studies. 

Endpoint (mg/L) 

Bentazon 

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

Bentazon 

O-amino-N-isopropyl benzamide

Observed 

AIBA 

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

Taxon 

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic 

Fish 123.7 0.2 >100 >9.8 72.2 0.1 

Daphnids 158.6 7.2 >100 101.2 86.6 4.3 

Green algae 3.6 3.0 4.5 0.9 2.2 1.9 

Saltwater fish 108.9 - >136 - 63.7 - 

Saltwater mysids 6.2 - >133 - 3.8 - 

Endpoint (mg/L) 

O-nitro-N-isopropyl 

 benzamide (7)

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

O-nitroso-Nisopropylbenzamide (8) 

ECOSAR Class: 

Photoproduct 10 

Amides 

Upper 

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

Taxon 

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic 

Fish 69.8 0.1 59.1 0.1 28.2 0.07 

Daphnids 79.3 4.2 65.6 3.6 22.2 2.0 

Green algae 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.0 1.3 

Saltwater fish 61.6 - 52.2 - 25.1 - 

Saltwater mysids 3.8 - 3.3 - 2.0 - 

Endpoint (mg/L) 

Photoproduct 10 

Lower

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

Photoproduct 12 and 13 

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

N-methylbentazon 

ECOSAR Class: 

Amides 

Taxon 

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic 

Fish 33.9 0.08 3.9 0.03 53.2 0.1 

Daphnids 28.1 2.4 1.6 0.4 53.0 3.4 

Green algae 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.5 1.8 1.8 

Saltwater fish 30.1 - 3.5 - 47.1 - 

Saltwater mysids 2.3 - 0.4 - 3.2 - 

Page 77 of 140 
Appendix E Summary of Sodium Bentazon Toxicity 

Species1 Exposure 

Scenario 

% AI Toxicity MRID 

Bluegill sunfish 

(Lepomis 

macrochirus) 

96 hr 

(static) 94.0 LC50 > 100 mg ae/L 00161299 

00161300 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss) 

96-hr 

42.2 

48.9 LC50 > 100 mg ae/L 

40432803 

40450001 

41922801 

Rainbow trout 

(Salmo gairdneri) 96-hr N/A LC50 = 190 mg ae/L 00041075 

48-hr 44.3 

LC50 = 64 mg ae/L 

95% C.I.: 54.6 – 75.1 mg ai/L 

NOAEC = 18 mg ai/L 

00106240 

48-hr 48.9 LC50 > 500 mg ai/L 00161304 

48-hr 94.0 LC50 > 100 mg ai/L 00161303 

Waterflea (Daphnia 

magna)

21 day 

chronic 

toxicity 

(static 

renewal) 

91.9 

NOAEC: 101.2 mg ai/L 

LOAEC: >101.2 mg ai/L 

Endpoint(s) affected: None 

48970705 

Midge 

(Chironomus 

riparius) 

48-hr >95 LC50 = 62.3 mg ai/L 2

Maenpaa et al. 

2003. 

ECOTOX 

Ref. # 72621 

Fathead minnow 

(Pimephales 

promelas) 

96-hr 91.9 

LC50: >113.5 mg ai/L 95% C.I.: N/A 

NOAEC: 113.5 mg ai/L 

Probit Slope: N/A 95% C.I.: N/A 

Endpoint(s) affected: None 

48970704 

Fathead minnow 

(Pimephales 

promelas) 

Early Life 

Cycle (flowthrough) 91.9 

NOAEC: 9.83 mg ai/L 

LOAEC: >9.83 mg ai/L 

Endpoint(s) affected: None 

48970706 

Sheepshead minnow 

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus) 

96-hr (flowthrough) 53 LC50 > 136 mg ai/L 42129601 

Mysid shrimp 

(Mysidopsis bahia) 

96 hr (flowthrough) 53 EC50 > 133 mg ai/L 42129602 

Eastern oyster 

(Crassostrea 

virginica) 

96-hr 53 EC50 > 109 mg ai/L 42293501 

Pacific oyster 

(Crassostrea gigas) 

13-day 

microcosm 

study 

measuring 

100 

NOAEL = 7.04 μg ai/L 2 

LOAEL = 45.8 μg ai/L 

Reduced increase in shell area index 

StachowskiHaberkorn et 

al., 2008, 

ECOTOX Ref 

Page 78 of 140 
Species1 Exposure 

Scenario 

% AI Toxicity MRID 

shell growth 

of spat 

# 111918 

Green algae

(Selenastrum 

capricornutum)

Growth and 

Reproduction 

120 hr 

53 

EC50 = 4.5 mg ai/L (revised) 

NOAEC = 0.9 mg ai/L (revised) 

LOAEC = 1.7 mg ai/L 

42129603 

Aquatic Algae 

(Anabaena 

flosaquae) 

Growth and 

Reproduction 

120 hr 

53 

EC50 = 10.13 mg ai/L 

NOAEC = 3.04 mg ai/L 

LOAEC = 6.28 mg ai/L 

42129604 

Aquatic Algae 

(Skeletonema 

costatum) 

Growth and 

Reproduction 

120 hr 

53 

EC50 = 10.1 mg ai/L 

NOAEC = 3.7 mg ai/L 

LOAEC = 7.1 mg ai/L 

42129609 

Freshwater diatom 

(Navicula 

pelliculosa) 

96-hr acute 

toxicity study 91.99

EC05: 8.5 mg ai/L 95% C.I.: 6.0 - 10.4 mg ai/L 

EC50: 31.2 mg ai/L 95% C.I.: 29.2 - 33.4 mg ai/L 

NOAEC: 12.9 mg ai/L 

Probit Slope: N/A 

The most sensitive endpoint(s): Yield 

48970703 

Marine diatom 

(Chaetoceros 

gracilis) 

Growth and 

Reproduction 

72 hr 

48 

EC50 = 0.06 mg ai/L 1

NOAEL = 0.01 mg ai/L 

LOAEL = 0.05 mg ai/L 

Hourmant et 

al., 2009, 

ECOTOX Ref 

# 114118 

Duckweed 

(Lemma gibba) 

Growth and 

Reproduction 

(14 day) 

EC50 = 5.35 mg ai/L 

NOAEC = 1.53 mg ai/L 

LOAEC = 3.06 mg ai/L 

53 42129605 

14-d 94 LD50 = 1171 mg ai/kg bw 

NOAEL = 500 mg ai/kg bw 00161296 

8-d LD50 > 5000 mg ai/kg bw 

NOAEL = 2500 mg ai/kg bw 94 00161297 Dietary 

8-d 

Dietary 42 LD50 > 4200 mg ai/kg bw 00108851 

Northern Bobwhite 

Quail 

(Colinus 

virginianus) Avian 

Reproduction 

(1 

generation?) 

98 

NOAEL = 800 ppm ai 

LOAEL > 800 ppm ai 

No sub-lethal effect observed at the highest dose 

44337801 

Japanese Quail 

(Coturnix coturnix 

Japonica) 

14-d 50 

LD50 = 720 mg ai/kg bw ?? 

95% C.I.: 649 – 799 mg ai/kg bw 

(was invalid because of the species) 

Should consider to validate it because of the more 

sensitive endpoint—HZ) 

00041077 

21-d 50 LD50 = 14,483 mg ai/kg bw 00041804 

8-d 42 LC50= 4830 mg ai/kg diet3 

NOAEL= 903 mg ai/kg diet3 00108850 

Mallard Duck (Anas 

platyrhynchos) NOAEL = 800 ppm ai Avian 

Reproduction 

(22 weeks) 

98 LOAEL > 800 ppm ai 

No sub-lethal effect observed at the highest dose 

44227402 

Page 79 of 140 
Species1 Exposure 

Scenario 

% AI Toxicity MRID 

Zebra Finch 

(Taeniopygia 

guttata) 

14-d 

(acute oral) 100 

LD50: 281 mg ai/kg bw 

NOAEC: 160 mg ai/kg bw 

(95% C.I.: 235-337 mg ai/kg bw) 

Endpoint(s) affected: Mortality and sublethal 

effects (apathy and increased respiration rate 

49141203 

Acute Oral 94 LD50 = 1480 mg ai/kg bw 00092065, 

00064314 

Acute 

Neurotoxicity 100 

NOAEL = 50 mg ai/kg bw 

LOAEL = 150 mg ai/kg bw 

Decreased motor activity in males on day 0 

48970707 

Rat (Rattus 

norvegicus) 

2-generation 

reproduction 97.8 

NOAEL = 15 mg ai/kg/day 

LOAEL = 62 mg ai/kg/day 

Reduced pup growth (body weight gain) during 

lactation. 

41054902 

Honey bee 

(Apis mellifera) 

48-hr 

(contact) 94 LD50 > 100 μg ai/bee 00161305 

Seedling Emergence Ryegrass 

(Monocots) 53 

EC25 > 1 lb ae/A 

NOAEL = 0.11 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129607 

Vegetative Vigor Onion 

(Monocots) 53 

EC25 = 0.16 lb ai/A 

NOAEL= 0.125 lb ai/A 

(plant height) 

42129606 

Seedling Emergence Lettuce 

(Dicots) 53 

EC25 = 0.13 lb ai/A 

NOAEL = 0.11 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129607 

Vegetative Vigor Cabbage 

(Dicots) 53 

IC25 = 0.046 lb ai/A 

NOAEL= 0.025 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) 

42129606 

1

 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles; fish serve as surrogate species for 

aquatic phase. 

2

 This result was obtained from the ECOTOX database. The Agency will review this study before determining 

if this result is appropriate for use in the ecological risk assessment. 

3 The percent active ingredient of the test material used in the mallard avian reproduction study (MRID 

00108850) was not stated in the study report. To be protective, results were calculated based on a 

conservative assumption that the test material contained 42% active ingredient. 

Page 80 of 140 
Appendix F SWCC Input Parameters and Representative Results 

Table F-1. SWCC Input Parameters for Bentazon

Parameter Input Value Source Comment 

Application Rate, 

Number of 

application/year, 

Retreatment Interval, and 

SWCC Scenario 

Se Table 2.1 

Current Labels and 

Discussions with 

Registrants 

Table 2.1 reflects the 

maximum application rates 

and number of annual 

applications and minimum 

retreatment interval and 

documents the SWCC 

scenarios modelled. 

Application method Foliar Current Labels -- 

Molecular Weight 240.3 g/mol TRID 470166029 

Water Solubility 570 mg/L at 22°C TRID 470166029 

Henry’s Law Constant 5.55 × 10-11 atm m3/mol Calculated2

Hydrolysis half-life 1197 days1 TRID 4470233029 

Aqueous Photolysis halflife 6.46 days 

MRIDs 41448001, 

41432401 and 

43431904 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

Half-life 62.7 days at 25°C MRID 40470502

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life 848 days at 25°C MRID 404705504 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life 3555 days at 25°C MRID 40470503

Kd 0.898 

MRIDs 44703502, 

44703503, 45640401, 

45084901 1

 DT50s were recalculated using NAFTA Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating Degradation Kinetics in 

Environmental Media (USEPA 2012). Appendix X contains revised estimated half-lives. 

2 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm

Total Toxic Residue for Water column: Aerial KS Corn Scenario 

Variable Volume Water Model, SWCC Compatible Version 

 

 ******************************************* 

Performed on: 9/29/2014 at 13:56 

 

Peak 1-in-10 = 88.2 ppb 

Chronic 1-in-10 = 57.0 ppb 

Simulation Avg = 36.4 ppb 

4-day avg 1-in-10 = 87.8 ppb 

21-day avg 1-in-10 = 86.4 ppb 

60-day avg 1-in-10 = 83.3 ppb 

90-day avg 1-in-10 = 80.6 ppb 

 

Benthic Pore Water Peak 1-in-10 = 66.9 ppb 

Benthic Pore Water 21-day avg 1-in-10 = 66.8 ppb 

Benthic Conversion Factor = 0.406 -Pore water (ug/L) to (total mass, 

ug)/(dry sed mass,kg) 

Benthic Mass Fraction in Pore Water = 0.912 

 

YEAR Peak 4-day 21-day 60-day 90-day Yearly Avg Benthic Pk Benthic 

21-day 

 1 2.18E+01 2.18E+01 2.15E+01 2.06E+01 1.99E+01 1.11E+01 1.58E+01 1.58E+01 

 2 2.67E+01 2.66E+01 2.62E+01 2.52E+01 2.43E+01 1.80E+01 2.08E+01 2.08E+01 

Page 81 of 140 
 3 3.34E+01 3.33E+01 3.27E+01 3.13E+01 3.02E+01 2.21E+01 2.57E+01 2.57E+01 

 4 3.30E+01 3.29E+01 3.23E+01 3.13E+01 3.04E+01 2.35E+01 2.66E+01 2.66E+01 

 5 3.40E+01 3.38E+01 3.33E+01 3.23E+01 3.13E+01 2.43E+01 2.74E+01 2.74E+01 

 6 3.23E+01 3.22E+01 3.16E+01 3.04E+01 2.95E+01 2.31E+01 2.59E+01 2.59E+01 

 7 3.27E+01 3.26E+01 3.21E+01 3.11E+01 3.03E+01 2.34E+01 2.65E+01 2.65E+01 

 8 4.81E+01 4.79E+01 4.72E+01 4.55E+01 4.41E+01 3.12E+01 3.70E+01 3.69E+01 

 9 8.83E+01 8.79E+01 8.65E+01 8.35E+01 8.08E+01 5.46E+01 6.65E+01 6.65E+01 

 10 6.27E+01 6.24E+01 6.14E+01 5.89E+01 5.75E+01 4.89E+01 5.65E+01 5.74E+01 

 11 5.45E+01 5.44E+01 5.39E+01 5.20E+01 5.03E+01 4.03E+01 4.47E+01 4.47E+01 

 12 4.39E+01 4.37E+01 4.29E+01 4.16E+01 4.05E+01 3.34E+01 3.66E+01 3.66E+01 

 13 4.08E+01 4.07E+01 4.01E+01 3.87E+01 3.76E+01 3.00E+01 3.34E+01 3.34E+01 

 14 4.74E+01 4.72E+01 4.63E+01 4.42E+01 4.27E+01 3.20E+01 3.66E+01 3.66E+01 

 15 4.17E+01 4.16E+01 4.08E+01 3.94E+01 3.82E+01 3.06E+01 3.41E+01 3.40E+01 

 16 4.45E+01 4.43E+01 4.37E+01 4.20E+01 4.05E+01 3.07E+01 3.50E+01 3.49E+01 

 17 4.05E+01 4.03E+01 3.96E+01 3.81E+01 3.69E+01 2.96E+01 3.28E+01 3.28E+01 

 18 4.79E+01 4.77E+01 4.69E+01 4.53E+01 4.39E+01 3.26E+01 3.75E+01 3.75E+01 

 19 4.01E+01 3.99E+01 3.92E+01 3.77E+01 3.65E+01 2.99E+01 3.29E+01 3.29E+01 

 20 3.73E+01 3.72E+01 3.65E+01 3.53E+01 3.42E+01 2.68E+01 3.02E+01 3.02E+01 

 21 6.64E+01 6.62E+01 6.54E+01 6.29E+01 6.08E+01 4.12E+01 5.01E+01 5.01E+01 

 22 8.75E+01 8.72E+01 8.56E+01 8.20E+01 7.93E+01 5.72E+01 6.69E+01 6.69E+01 

 23 6.14E+01 6.12E+01 6.01E+01 5.77E+01 5.69E+01 4.75E+01 5.61E+01 5.70E+01 

 24 4.89E+01 4.87E+01 4.78E+01 4.62E+01 4.49E+01 3.72E+01 4.08E+01 4.08E+01 

 25 5.70E+01 5.67E+01 5.56E+01 5.32E+01 5.14E+01 3.86E+01 4.42E+01 4.41E+01 

 26 8.02E+01 7.98E+01 7.85E+01 7.52E+01 7.27E+01 5.17E+01 6.10E+01 6.09E+01 

 27 5.59E+01 5.56E+01 5.47E+01 5.30E+01 5.18E+01 4.40E+01 5.11E+01 5.19E+01 

 28 5.07E+01 5.05E+01 4.96E+01 4.80E+01 4.66E+01 3.71E+01 4.13E+01 4.13E+01 

 29 1.18E+02 1.17E+02 1.15E+02 1.11E+02 1.08E+02 7.01E+01 8.80E+01 8.79E+01 

 30 9.51E+01 9.47E+01 9.35E+01 8.97E+01 8.67E+01 7.12E+01 7.82E+01 7.81E+01 

*********************************************************************************************

******* 

 Effective compartment halflives averaged over simulation duration: 

 

 zero washout 0 

 water col metab halflife (days) = 1634.65337111391 

 hydrolysis halflife (days) = 1196.99051767483 

 photolysis halflife (days) = 751.628654299787 

 volatile halflife (days) = 300693.558582580 

 total water col halflife (days) = 359.589496077175 

 

 zero burial 0 

 benthic metab halflife (days) = 6852.82162064853 

 benthic hydrolysis halflife (days) = 1313.08191516794 

 total benthic halflife (days) = 1101.93759924766 

 *********************************************************************** 

 Fractional Contribution of Transport Processes to Waterbody & Total Mass (kg): 

 

 Due to Runoff = 0.4635 7.984 

 Due to Erosion = 0.0000 0.5590E-03 

 Due to Drift = 0.5365 9.240 

 *********************************************************************** 

 Flow in/out Characteristics of Waterbody: 

 Average Daily Runoff Into Waterbody (m3/s) = 8.385461856625667E-004 

 Baseflow Into Waterbody (m3/s) = 0.000000000000000E+000 

 Average Daily Flow Out of Waterbody (m3/s) = 8.385461856625857E-004 

 *********************************************************************** 

 Inputs: 

 0.8980 = oc partitioning coefficient 

 848.0 = water column half Life 

 25.00 = reference temp for water column degradation 

 3555. = benthic Half Life 

 25.00 = Reference temp for benthic degradation 

 2.000 = Q ten value 

 6.460 = photolysis half life 

 40.00 = reference latitude for photolysis study 

 1197. = hydrolysis half life 

 240.3 = molecular wt 

 0.1280E-05 = vapor pressure 

 570.0 = solubility 

 0.1000E+06 = field area 

 0.1000E+05 = water body area 

 2.000 = initial depth 

Page 82 of 140 
 2.000 = maximum depth 

 2 1=vvwm, 2=usepa pond, 3 = usepa reservoir, 4 = const vol no flow, 5 = const vol 

w/flow 

 F T = burial, else no burial 

 0.1000E-07 = mass transfer coefficient 

 0.5000 = PRBEN 

 0.5000E-01 = benthic compartment depth 

 0.5000 = benthic porosity 

 1.350 = benthic bulk density 

 0.4000E-01 = OC frcation in benthic sediment 

 5.000 = DOC in benthic compartment 

 0.6000E-02 = benthic biomass 

 1.190 = DFAC 

 30.00 = SS 

 0.5000E-02 = chlorophyll 

 0.4000E-01 = OC frcation in water column SS 

 5.000 = DOC in water column 

 0.4000 = biomass in water column 

 FRACTION AREA CROPPED = 1.00000000000000 

Figure F-1. Yearly Peak Concentrations 

Page 83 of 140 
Appendix G: Representative T-REX Input and Output 

Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

 Use 69 

 Formulation Basagran 

Application Rate 1 lbs a.i./acre 

Half-life 35 days 

Application Interval 5 days 

Maximum # Apps./Year 2 

Length of Simulation 1 year 

Variable application rates? yes 

Endpoints 

Zebra finch LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 281.00 

Mallard 

duck) LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 4830.00 

Zebra finch NOAEL(mg/kg-bw) 160.00 Avian 

Mallard duck NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 903.00 

 

LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 1480.00 

LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 0.00 

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw) 15.00 

Mammals 

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 300.00 

 

Kenaga Dietary-based EECs (ppm) Values 

Short Grass 446.06 

Tall Grass 204.44 

Broadleaf plants 250.91 

Fruits/pods/seeds 27.88 

Arthropods 174.71 

Page 84 of 140 
Avian Results 

Avian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g) (g bw/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

Small 20 5 23 114 2.28E-02

Mid 100 13 65 65 6.49E-02

Large 1000 58 291 29 2.91E-01

20 5 5 25 5.06E-03

Granivores 100 13 14 14 1.44E-02

1000 58 65 6 6.46E-02

Avian Body Adjusted LD50

Weight (g) (mg/kg-bw)

20 305.32

100 388.69

1000 549.04

small mid large

20 100 1000

Short Grass 508.02 289.69 129.70

Tall Grass 232.84 132.78 59.45

Broadleaf plants 285.76 162.95 72.96

Fruits/pods 31.75 18.11 8.11

Arthropods 198.97 113.46 50.80

Seeds 7.06 4.02 1.80

20 100 1000

Short Grass 1.66 0.75 0.24

Tall Grass 0.76 0.34 0.11

Broadleaf plants 0.94 0.42 0.13

Fruits/pods 0.10 0.05 0.01

Arthropods 0.65 0.29 0.09

Seeds 0.02 0.01 0.00

Dietary-based RQs 

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or

Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.09 0.49

Tall Grass 0.04 0.23

Broadleaf plants 0.05 0.28

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01 0.03

Arthropods 0.04 0.19

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dose-based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw) 

Avian Classes and Body Weights (grams)

Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)

RQs

Avian Acute RQs

Size Class (grams)

Page 85 of 140 
Mammalian Results 

Mammalian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g bwt/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

15 3 14 95 1.43E-02

Herbivores/ 35 5 23 66 2.31E-02

insectivores 1000 31 153 15 1.53E-01

15 3 3 21 3.18E-03

Grainvores 35 5 5 15 5.13E-03

1000 31 34 3 3.40E-02

Mammalian Body Adjusted Adjusted

Class Weight LD50 NOAEL

15 2417.61 32.97

Herbivores/ 35 1956.11 26.67

insectivores 1000 846.08 11.54

15 2417.61 32.97

Granivores 35 1956.11 26.67

1000 846.08 11.54

15 35 1000

Short Grass 425.28 293.93 68.15

Tall Grass 194.92 134.72 31.23

Broadleaf plants 239.22 165.33 38.33

Fruits/pods 26.58 18.37 4.26

Arthropods 166.57 115.12 26.69

Seeds 5.91 4.08 0.95

15 grams 35 grams 1000 grams

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.13 12.90 0.11 11.02 0.06 5.91

Tall Grass 0.06 5.91 0.05 5.05 0.03 2.71

Broadleaf plants 0.07 7.26 0.06 6.20 0.03 3.32

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.81 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.37

Arthropods 0.05 5.05 0.04 4.32 0.02 2.31

Seeds 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.08

Acute Chronic

Short Grass #DIV/0! 1.49

Tall Grass #DIV/0! 0.68

Broadleaf plants #DIV/0! 0.84

Fruits/pods/seeds #DIV/0! 0.09

Arthropods #DIV/0! 0.58

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dose-Based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw)

(grams)

Mammalian Classes and Body weight

Dietary-based RQs 

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Mammal RQs

Medium mammal Large mammal Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/LD50 or 

Small mammal

Page 86 of 140 
Appendix H: SIP Input and Output 

Table 1. Inputs

Parameter Value

Chemical name Bentazon

Solubility (in water at 25o

C; mg/L) 570

Mammalian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 1480

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Avian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 281

Avian test species other

Body weight (g) of "other" avian species 11.5

Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 800

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 800

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for other bird species

Body weight (g) of other avian species

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for 2nd other bird species

Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

Enter body weight of 'other' avian species for LD50.

Table 2. Mammalian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 98.0400 98.0400

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 1138.3576 0.0000

Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0861 0.0000

Conclusion*

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals

Due to insufficient data, 

risk cannot be precluded

Table 3. Avian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg-bw) 461.7000 461.7000

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg-bw) 305.3206 39.6901

Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 1.5122 11.6326

Conclusion*

Exposure through drinking 

water alone is a potential 

concern for birds

Exposure through drinking 

water alone is a potential 

concern for birds

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure. Therefore, 

when aggregated with other routes (i.e., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through drinking water 

may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non-target animals.

Page 87 of 140 
Appendix I: TerrPlant Input and Output (Bean)

TerrPlant v. 1.2.2 

Green values signify user inputs (Tables 1, 2 and 4). 

Input and output guidance is in popups indicated by red arrows. 

 

Table 1. Chemical Identity. 

Chemical Name Bentazon 

PC code 103901 

Use Bean 

Application Method Aerial 

Application Form Spray 

Solubility in Water 

(ppm) 570 

 

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs. 

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units 

Application Rate A 1.5 y 

Incorporation I 1 none 

Runoff Fraction R 0.05 none 

Drift Fraction D 0.05 none 

 

Table 3. EECs for Bentazon. Units in y. 

Description Equation EEC 

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.075 

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.75 

Spray drift A*D 0.075 

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.15 

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.825 

 

Table 4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in y. 

 Seedling Emergence Vegetative Vigor 

Plant type EC25 NOAEC EC25 NOAEC 

Monocot 0.11 0.16 0.125 

Dicot 0.13 0.11 0.046 0.025 

 

Table 5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Bentazon through runoff 

and/or spray drift.* 

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift 

Monocot non-listed #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.47 

Monocot listed 1.36 7.50 0.68 

Dicot non-listed 1.15 6.35 1.63 

Dicot listed 1.36 7.50 3.00 

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group. 

Page 88 of 140 
Page 89 of 140 

Appendix J. Review of Open Literature Toxicity Data Available for Bentazon 

A review of available bentazon toxicity data in the scientific literature was conducted using 

ECOTOX. ECOTOX was searched in September 2014. This review was tiered. The first tier 

involved identifying potential endpoints that may represent more sensitive values compared to 

the registrant submitted-data and identifying any data that may be used when gaps existed. This 

was accomplished using excel spreadsheets containing summaries of the endpoints for bentazon. 

The most sensitive endpoints and used for this first tier are included in Table 1. Data gaps 

included: toxicity to honey bee larvae and chronic toxicity to adult honey bees. Tier II of the 

review involved a review of the publications for the endpoints of interest identified in Tier I. 
Table 1. Most sensitive bentazon endpoints by taxa from registrant submitted studies. 

Taxa Species Exposure Toxicity endpoint MRID 

Rainbow trout 

(Salmo gairdneri) 96-hr LC50 = 190 mg ai/L 41075 Fish and aquatic-phase 

amphibians Fathead minnows 

(Pimephales promelas) Early Life Cycle NOAEC: 9.83 mg ai/L LOAEC: >9.83 mg ai/L 48970706 

Aquatic 48-hr LC50 > 100 mg ai/L 161303 

invertebrates 

Waterflea 

(Daphnia magna) 21 day chronic 

toxicity 

NOAEC: 101.2 mg ai/L 

LOAEC: >101.2 mg ai/L 48970705 

Green algae EC50 = 4.5 mg ai/L 

(Selenastrum 

capricornutum)

120 hr; Growth and 

Reproduction NOAEC = 0.9 mg ai/L 

LOAEC = 1.7 mg ai/L 

42129603 

Aquatic plants 

Duckweed EC50 = 5.35 mg ai/L 14 day; Growth 

and Reproduction NOAEC = 1.53 mg ai/L 

LOAEC = 3.06 mg ai/L 

(Lemma gibba) 

 

42129605 

Zebra Finch 

(Taeniopygia guttata) 

14-d 

(acute oral) 

LD50: 281 mg ai/kg bw 

(95% C.I.: 235-337) 49141203 

8-d LC50= 4830 mg ai/kg diet 108850 

Birds and 

terrestrial-phase 

amphibians Mallard Duck 

(Anas platyrhynchos) Avian Repro (22 

wk) 

NOAEL = 800 ppm ai 

LOAEL >800 ppm ai 44227402 

Acute Oral LD50 = 1480 mg ai/kg bw 00092065, 

00064314 

Mammals 

Rat 

(Rattus norvegicus) 2-generation 

reproduction 

NOAEL = 15 mg ai/kg/day 

LOAEL = 62 mg ai/kg/day 

Reduced pup growth (body 

weight gain) during lactation. 

41054902 

Terrestrial 

insects Honey bee 

(Apis mellifera) 48-hr (contact) LD50 > 100 μg ai/bee 161305 

Ryegrass (monocot) EC25 not available 

NOAEL = 0.125 lb ai/A 

Lettuce (dicot) 

Seedling 

Emergence EC25 = 0.13 lb ai/A (dry weight) 

NOAEL = 0.125 lb ai/A 

42129607 

Terrestrial and 

semi-aquatic 

plants 

EC25 = 0.04 lb ai/A 

Onion (monocot) NOAEL= 0.02 lb ai/A 

(dry weight) Vegetative Vigor EC25 = 0.046 lb ai/A (dry 

Cabbage (dicot) weight) 

NOAEL= 0.025 lb ai/A 

42129606 

Page 90 of 140 
The sections below include a summary of the review of the ECOTOX database for bentazon. 

Attachments 1-6 include open literature reviews for several studies that are more sensitive than 

the endpoints summarized in Table 1. Attachment 7 includes the bibliography of toxicity studies 

involving bentazon that are included in ECOTOX. 

Fish 

There are 6 endpoints for fish from 2 studies. There are no endpoints below the values in Table 

1. 

Amphibians and reptiles 

There are no toxicity data in ECOTOX involving exposures of amphibians to bentazon. 

Aquatic invertebrates 

There are 13 endpoints from 3 studies. Endpoints available from all three studies are below the 

values provided in Table 1 for D. magna. Endpoints include LC50s, EC50s and NOAELs. 

ECOTOX reference numbers include: 69821, 72621, and 111918. These studies were 

investigated further. 

Study 69821 investigated impacts of bentazon (formulated product) on the growth and survival 

of protozoa. This study was not considered further because protozoa are not used as surrogate 

test species for multicellular aquatic invertebrates. 

Study 72621 investigated the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bentazon (TGAI) in sediment 

dwelling invertebrates, specifically Chironomus riparius and Lubmriculus variegatus. The 48-h 

LC50 values for these species (in water-only exposures) were 62.3 and 79.1, respectively. For C. 

riparius, the 10-d NOAEC was 465 mg/kg-dw sediment, with a LOAEC of 1160, where 

decreases in weight and length were observed. The results of this study are considered 

quantitative, and can therefore be used in the risk assessment to derive RQs for aquatic 

invertebrates inhabiting the water column and the sediment. As expected based on the solubility 

and Kow of this chemical, bioaccumulation was low. Attachment 1 includes the review of this 

study. 

Study 111918 investigated the effects of the herbicide bentazon (formulated product called 

Basamaïs) and the fungicide epoxiconazole on spat of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in an 

in-situ microcosm study. The review for this study is included in Attachment 2. This study was 

considered qualitative and should only be used for characterization purposes. The endpoint is a 

NOAEC of 7.04 μg ai/L, based on effects to growth observed at 45.76 μg ai/L. It should be noted 

that there is uncertainty associated with the use of this study, since it involved a formulated 

product that is not registered in the US. The relationship between the formulation used in this 

study and the formulations registered in the US is unknown. As noted previously by EFED6

, it 

 

6 DP Barcode 308375, August 19, 2010, Memo titled “EFED response to comments on 

preliminary work plan for sodium bentazon (103901) concerning use of ecological effects data,” 

Page 91 of 140 
would be useful if the registrant submits a confidential statement of formula for Basamaïs so that 

the formulation can be compared to those registered in the US. Available acute toxicity data for 

Daphnia magna exposed to Basagran (48.9% a.i.; LC50>500 mg/L; MRID 161304), which is a 

formulated product registered in the US does not suggest that this formulation is more toxic than 

the technical grade material (LC50 = 125 mg/L; MRID 161303). 

Aquatic plants 

ECOTOX includes 215 endpoints from 24 studies. 175 of these endpoints were excluded from 

further consideration because of the following: 

- EC10 values not used because they are not standard (i.e., EC50, NOEC or EC05) 

- Endpoints corresponding to exposure durations <3 or >5 days (non-standard); 

- Studies with duration defined as “hv” (harvest), “gs” (growing season) and “lf” (lifetime) 

(durations not quantified). 

Nine studies remained after exclusions were applied. Endpoints expressed in molarity were 

converted to concentration basis (i.e., for bentazon, 1mM = 240 mg/L). Two EC50 values are 

below the registrant submitted value in Table 1 (from studies 114118 and 115620). Three NOEC 

values are below the registrant submitted value in Table 1 (from study 114118 and 109342). A 

PDF of 115620 could not be located by EPA/ORD, therefore, this study was not reviewed. 

Studies 109342 and 114118 are discussed below. 

Study 109342 examined growth effects on the marine vascular plant, eel grass. Significant 

decreases in growth (65%) compared to control were observed in organisms exposed for 72-h to 

10 μM (2400 μg/L). The resulting NOEC is 1 μM (240 μg/L). This study is considered 

scientifically sound and can be used qualitative to characterize potential impacts of bentazon on 

the growth of aquatic plants. Limitations of this study include: use of wild-caught organisms 

(previous chemical exposures are unknown), use of only 4 treatment concentrations, short 

duration. A review of this study is included in Attachment 3. 

Study 114118 examined growth effects on marine diatoms exposed to technical bentazon and a 

formulated product, Basamaïs. In this study, the EC50 for the formulated product (60 μg ai/L) 

exposure was 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the bentazon technical exposure (120,000 

μg ai/L), indicating that the formulated product is substantially more toxic compared to the 

active ingredient alone. This study is considered scientifically valid, but should be used for 

characterization purposes due to study deviations from the standard guideline and due to 

uncertainty associated with the use of a formulated product that is not registered in the US. The 

relationship between the formulation used in this study and the formulations registered in the US 

is unknown. It would be useful if the registrant submits a confidential statement of formula for 

Basamaïs so that the formulation can be compared to those registered in the US. A review of this 

study is provided in Attachment 4. 

Birds 

ECOTOX includes two endpoints from one study involving exposures of birds to bentazon. In 

this study, chicken eggs were immersed in Basagran and effects to hatching were examined. The 

 

from F.N. Mastrota to K. Jakob 

Page 92 of 140 
units were expressed as a percentage, which does not allow for translation of the endpoint into an 

environmentally relevant exposure value. Therefore, this study is not used in the ecological risk 

assessment for bentazon. 

Mammals 

ECOTOX includes 9 endpoints from three separate studies. Tested species include the Norway 

rat, house mouse and domestic sheep. The sheep endpoint is less conservative than the registrant 

submitted data in Table 1. The mouse study (reference 114119) generated endpoints that are 

orders of magnitude below the rat reproduction endpoint in Table 1. The rat study (reference 

73826) is an acute study that had an endpoint below the acute registrant submitted study. Both of 

these study were investigated further. 

Study 114119 reported “possible effects of bentazon on male gametogenesis, when mice were 

exposed during foetal, neonatal and adult life” at levels of 0.014 mg a.i./kg-bw. Since effects to 

rats were not observed in the rat 2-gen study at a comparable level of exposure, this effect does 

not seem to translate to a reproductive effect. Therefore, this study will not be used in the 

assessment. 

Study 73826 reported behavioral effects in rats acutely exposed to bentazon (formulated as 

Basagran). LD50 values were reported for rats exposed to basagran only and basagran and 

phenobarbatol; however, no controls were included, therefore, these data are not considered 

scientifically valid. No decrease in sleeping time was observed in rats exposed to bentazon 

compared to those not exposed. Therefore, this study will not be used in the assessment. 

Terrestrial Invertebrates 

There are 68 endpoints from 13 studies that involved exposures of arthropods, slugs, nematodes 

and worms to bentazon. The majority of these endpoints were for arthropods. None of the data 

included exposures to honey bees. Data expressed in mass per area (i.e., kg/ha or lb/A) were 

considered). Data expressed in other units (% or concentration) could not be translated to 

environmentally relevant units and thus were excluded from consideration. After these 

exclusions were applied, 9 studies remained, 8 of which had endpoints below the maximum 

allowed application rate of 1.5 lb a.i./A (1.7 kg a.i./ha). 

Studies investigating the effects of bentazon on crop pests were not considered further. Those 

studies included 64790, 71052, 71756, 79821, 93889 and 98462. Two studies, 36590 and 53203, 

investigated effects to beneficial arthropods. Those studies are described below. 

Study 36590 investigated the effects of bentazon applied at 1 lb a.i./A to beneficial arthropods on 

soybeans. In this study, no difference in the number of predatory arthropods was observed 

between the control and bentazon treatments. This study may be used to characterize effects to 

beneficial arthropods following an application of 1 lb a.i./A. A review of this study is included 

in Attachment 5. 

Study 53203 reported the mortality of Basagran to two species of earthworms. Worms were 

Page 93 of 140 
exposed to the pesticide through treated filter paper. The LC50 for both studies is 1.3 lb a.i./A, 

which is below the maximum single application rate allowed for this formulated product. This 

endpoint can be used qualitatively in an assessment. A review of this study is included in 

Attachment 6. 

Terrestrial Plants 

ECOTOX includes 1072 endpoints involving terrestrial plants that are from 125 studies. Only 

endpoints expressed as lb/A or kg/ha were considered as others could not be linked to application 

rate. There were no NOAEL values below the most sensitive value reported in Table 1 (i.e.,

0.025 lb/A). 

Only one study (109542) included EC25 values. This study involved exposures to the formulated 

product, Basagran. The methodology associated with this study appears to be consistent with the 

OCSPP guideline for vegetative vigor; however, this study was not reviewed because EC25 

values (Table 2) were above the most conservative values already available from registrant 

submitted studies (Table 1). If additional information is needed to characterize the effects of 

bentazon on terrestrial plants, then this study should be reviewed. Data provided in Table 2 

should not be used in a risk assessment without reviewing the study. 

Table 2. Vegetative vigor EC25 values based on dry weight from reference 109542. Study not reviewed at this time. 

Species Common name mono/dicot EC25 (lb/A) Confidence interval 

Raphanus sativus radish di 0.082 0.076-0.10 

Fragaria virginiana thick-leaved strawberry di 0.084 0.054-0.16 

Lactuca canadensis tall blue lettuce di 0.13 0.09-0.20 

Asclepias syriaca common milkweed di 0.28 0.22-0.53 

Lacuta sativa lettuce di 0.28 0.26-0.31 

Solanum nigrum black nightshade di 0.46 0.34-1.5 

Fragaria ananassa strawberry di 0.49 0.21-0.74 

Vicia americana American vetch di 1.1 0.56-2.5 

Solanum lycopersicon tomato di 1.2 0.77-2.2 

Triticum aestivum wheat mono 2.7 NA 

Andropogon geradii big bluestem mono 4.1 NA 

Zea mays corn mono No effect* NA 

Glycine max soybean di No effect* NA 

Poa compressa Canada bluegrass mono No effect* NA 

Elymus lanceolatus N. wheatgrass mono No effect* NA 

Avena sativa oats mono No effect* NA 

NA = not available 

*Tested level not provided in article. 

Other taxa 

Page 94 of 140 
Page 95 of 140 

Fifty endpoints from 19 studies were available for non-standard taxa, including microbes and 

fungi. These data were not reviewed. 

Conclusions 

No changes to endpoints for fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, terrestrial plants. Table 3 

includes additional endpoints that should be considered in the risk assessment for aquatic 

invertebrates, aquatic plants and terrestrial invertebrates. 
Table 3. Additional data from open literature that should be considered in risk assessment. 

Taxa Species Exposure Endpoint Use in document 

Acute (48-h); Water (only) 

LC50 = 62.3 (54.3-70.9) mg a.i./L 

Midge, Chironomus riparius 

Chronic (10 d); sediment 

LOAEC = 20.9 mg/kg-dw 

Aquatic invertebrates (FW) 

(38% decrease in weight) 

Oligochaete, Lubmriculus variegatus 

Acute (48-h); Water (only)

LC50 = 79.1 (73.0-84.0) mg a.i./L 

Quantitative: These endpointused to derive RQs for aquatiinvertebrates inhabiting the wcolumn and sediment. NOEC chronic study was not establi

Aquatic invertebrates (SW) 

Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Chronic; water 

NOAEC = 7.04 μg ai/L LOAEC = 45.76 μg ai/L (based on growth) 

Qualitative: Characterization potential formulation (Basameffects resulting from spray dtransport to estuarine/marine uncertainty associated with urelationship between tested formulation and those registeUS. 

Aquatic plants 

marine diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis

72-h Bentazon

EC50: 120,000 μg ai/L NOAEC: 10,000 μg ai/L LOAEC: 50,000 μg ai/L Basamaïs (formulated product)EC50: 60 μg ai/L NOAEC: 10 μg ai/L LOAEC: 50 μg ai/L 

Qualitative: Characterization potential formulation (Basameffects resulting from spray dtransport to estuarine/marine uncertainty associated with urelationship between tested formulation and those registeUS. Formulation is 4 orders omagnitude more toxic to alga

Page 96 of 140 
Page 97 of 140 

Eel grass, Zostera marina

72-h NOEC = 240 μg ai/L 

LOEC = 2400 μg ai/L (growth) 

Qualitative 

Predatory (beneficial) arthropods 

1 application 

No effects observed at 1 lb a.i./A 

Qualitative: The results of thimay be used as a line of evideindicate that bentazon is not eto impact beneficial arthropodapplied at 1 lb a.i./A. 

Earthworm, Eisenia fetida

7-d LC50 = 1.3 (0.99- 1.7) lb 

a.i./A 

Qualitative 

Terrestrial invertebrates 

Earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus

7-d LC50 = 1.3 (1.0-2.0) lb 

a.i./A 

Qualitative 
Attachment 1 Open literature review for ECOTOX record 72621 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 72621 

Maenpaa, K. A., Sormunen, A. J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2003). Bioaccumulation and Toxicity 

of Sediment Associated Herbicides (Ioxynil, Pendimethalin, and Bentazone) in Lumbriculus 

variegatus (Oligochaeta) and Chironomus riparius (Insecta). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 56: 398-

410. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date of Assessment: October 1, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

The purpose of this study was to a) determine the acute toxicity of bentazon, ioxynil and 

pendimethalin to L. variegatus and C.riparius in water only exposures, and associated tissue 

concentrations, b) determine the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of these herbicides to L. 

variegatus in sediment and c) to determine the chronic toxicity of these chemicals to C. riparius. 

Only the portions of the study that related to bentazon are included in this review. 

For objective a: Radiolabeled bentazon (>95%) was used in exposures. In the acute, water only 

exposure, 4th instar C. riparius and medium sized L. variegatus were exposed to bentazon for 48 

h. Each replicate test chamber included 10 organisms. Acetone (0.67%) was used as a solvent for 

bentazon and included as a control. Results are provided in Table 1. 

Table 1. Median LC10 and LC50 and 95th percentile confidence intervals for acute (wateronly studies). 

Endpoint Units C. riparius L . variegatus 

mg a.i./L (aqueous) 34.4 (25.9-41.2) 63.2 (53.0-69.4) 

μmol/L (aqueous) 143 (107-171) 263 (220-289) 

LC10 

μmol/kg-ww 982 (635 -1277) 1783 (1341-2172) 

mg a.i./L (aqueous) 62.3 (54.3-70.9) 79.1 (73.0-84.0) 

μmol/L (aqueous) 259 (226-293) 329 (304-349) 

LC50 

μmol/kg-ww 3676 (2653-6991) 2849 (2351-3551) 

For objective b: Sediments collected from lakes (reviewer assumes that lakes were located in 

Finland, based on the affiliation of the authors) were spiked with bentazon (with acetone as a 

solvent). Samples were collected at 0, 8, 24, 48, 72, 169 and 240 hours. As expected, given the 

low Kow of bentazon (0.3), this chemical did not bioaccumulate substantially in test organisms. 

Bioaccumulation factors ranged 0.8-14.6 in the different sediments. 

Page 98 of 140 
Page 99 of 140 

For objective c: First instar larvae were placed in sediment that was spiked with bentazon and 

observed for 10 days. Table 7 from the study report, which is reproduced below, includes the 

growth effects reported for bentazon exposures to C. riparius. In sediment S2, effects to growth 

and length (of head capsule) were observed at ≥1160 mg/kg-dw, resulting in a NOEC of 465 

mg/kg-dw. In sediment S3, effects to growth were observed at lower levels, i.e., ≥20.9 mg/kgdw. Since significant differences were observed at all treatments for sediment S3, a NOAEC was 

not established. 

Description of Use in Document: Quantitative 

 

Rationale for Use: The endpoints from this study may be used to derive RQs for aquatic 

invertebrates in the water column and sediment. 

Limitations of study: 

1. Concentrations not provided for acute study. 

2. No mention of a negative control. 

3. A NOAEC was not established for the chronic study (objective c). 

Primary reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Secondary reviewer: 
Page 100 of 140 
Attachment 2 Open literature review for ECOTOX record 111918 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 111918 

Stachowski-Haberkorn, S., Quiniou, F., Nedelec, M., Robert, R., Limon, G., and de la 

Broise, D. 2008. In-situ microcosms, a tool for assessment of pesticide impacts on 

oyster spat (Crassostrea gigas). Ecotoxicology 17: 235-245. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date: September 26, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

Introduction

This study investigated the effects of the herbicide bentazon and the fungicide 

epoxiconazole on spat of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in an in-situ microcosm 

study. Bentazon and epoxiconalole were tested as the commercial formulated product 

Basamaïs and Opus, respectively. Neither of these products is registered in the United 

States. The microcosms were sealed bottles that were maintained underwater in field 

conditions to provide conditions as natural as possible. The purpose of this study was 

both to evaluate a novel study method and to assess the toxic effects of epoxiconazole 

and bentazon on the mortality, growth, and organic weight (OW) of oyster spat.

Methods

Six-week-old oyster spat were maintained in sealed bottles that immersed in situ in a bay 

in Brittany, France to provide natural conditions. Microcosms consisted of 2.3-l bottles 

and were filled with 2 liters of test solution consisting of seawater and pesticide. The 

oyster spat were settled on PCV plates, and these plates were place in the microcosms 

and submerged with the test solution. Tests were conducted with Opus and Basamaïs, 

each at 10 and 70 μg ai/L. There were 6 replicate microcosms per treatment, and 6 

control microcosms. Four additional were microcosms were maintained indoors. The 

test solutions were replaced every two days. After 13 days of exposure, the spat were 

collected for analysis. Measured endpoint were mortality, final dry weight, ash content, 

and increase in shell area. 

For assessing mortality, photographs of the plates taken on the first and last day were 

compared. Mortality was measured as the percentage of oysters that disappeared or 

became transparent. The photographs of the oysters were also used to compare the size 

of the oysters as a measure of growth. At the end of the study, the oysters were harvested 

from the plates and the dry weights and ash weights after burning in a furnace were 

measured. Percent organic weight (OW) was obtained from dry weights and ash weight 

measurements. 

Page 101 of 140 
Concentrations were quantified using on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid 

chromatography and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of 

detection was 0.005 μg/L. 

Results

Oysters in the control showed a 126% increase in area index during the study. Mortality 

in the control after 13 days was 19.5%. 

At a concentration of 10 μg/L, neither Opus nor Basamaïs resulted in significant 

reduction of spat growth. However, when both pesticides were present together at that 

concentration, spat growth was reduced by almost half, a highly significant reduction 

(Table 1). This suggests that the toxicity of the two products may be synergistic. At a 

concentration of 70 μg/L, both Opus and Basamaïs resulted in significant decreases in the 

growth of spat (Table 1). 

Mortality level and OW content did not differ significantly from the control at either 

concentration of Opus and Basamaïs, or with both pesticides together. 

Table 1. Summary of growth effects reported by study authors. 

Chemical (formulation) Concentration(μg ai/L) 

Nominal Measured 

Growth 

Control Not 

applicable 

<0.005 126 ± 3% 

Bentazon (Basamaïs) 10 7.04 123 ± 4% 

70 45.76 108 ± 4.5%* (P = 0.0049) 

Epoxiconalole (Opus) 10 8.69 126 ± 4.1% 

70 44.55 49 ± 25%* (P < 0.0001) 

Bentazon (Basamaïs) + 65 ± 3%* (P < 0.0001) 

Epoxiconalole (Opus) 

10 + 10 6.84 + 8.29 

* signifies that data are significantly different than the control 

Bentazon (Basamaïs)

NOAEL: 7.04 μg ai/L 

LOAEL: 45.76 μg ai/L 

Most sensitive endpoint: growth (based on area index) 

Epoxiconalole (Opus)

NOAEL: 8.69 μg ai/L 

LOAEL: 44.55 μg ai/L 

Most sensitive endpoint: growth (based on area index) 

Limitations of Study: 

1. The study was conducted with formulated products that are not registered in the 

United States. The percent active ingredients of these products are unknown, as 

they were not provided in the study report. The relationships between these 

Page 102 of 140 
formulated products and those registered in the US are unknown. 

2. The active ingredient of Basamaïs is bentazon. This is different than the active 

ingredient of commercial products registered in the U.S., which is the sodium salt 

of bentazon (PC Code 103901). 

3. The study methods differ significantly from the OCSPP test guideline for the 

bivalve embryo larvae test (850.1055) as well as the bivalve shell deposition test 

(850.1025). It is uncertain how sensitive this test method is compared to the 

standard guideline tests. 

4. Water quality parameters (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, organic carbon) were not 

provided in the report. 

Description of Use in Document: Qualitative (for formulated products) 

 Invalid (for active ingredients) 

Rationale for Use: 

While the study design differs significantly from two OCSPP guideline test for effects on 

mollusks (850.1055, Bivalve embryo larvae test and 850.1025, bivalve shell deposition 

test), it is considered scientifically sound. The study conditions produced good growth of 

spat (125%) and the control mortality was below the maximum criterion of 30% specified 

by test guideline 850.1055. These data may be useful in characterizing potential effects of 

formulated products containing bentazon and epoxiconalole; however, they should not be 

used quantitatively because the relationship between these formulated products and those 

registered in the US is unknown. The products included in this study may have adjuvants 

and other inert ingredients that may significantly affect toxicity compared to other 

products registered in the US. 

Available acute toxicity data for Daphnia magna exposed to Basagran (48.9% a.i.; 

LC50>500 mg/L; MRID 161304), which is a formulated product registered in the US 

does not suggest that this formulation is more toxic than the technical grade material 

(LC50 = 125 mg/L; MRID 161303). 

Primary Reviewer: Nicholas Mastrota, Biologist, ERB1 

Secondary Reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Page 103 of 140 
Attachment 3. Open literature review for ECOTOX record 109342 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 109342 

Nielsen, L. W. and Dahllof, I. (2007). Direct and Indirect Effects of the Herbicides 

Glyphosate, Bentazone and MCPA on Eelgrass (Zostera marina). Aquat.Toxicol. 82: 47-

54. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date of Assessment: October 1, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

The purpose of this study was to characterize effects of herbicides on eelgrass and 

phytoplankton. Glyphosate, MCPA and bentazon were included in this study; however, 

this review only includes the results from bentazon. Healthy, undamaged eelgrass plants 

were collected in Roskilde fjord, Denmark. Phytoplankton were also collected from this 

location. For 24 hours, organisms were allowed to acclimate to laboratory conditions. At 

test initiation, plants were marked to determine growth. For phytoplankton, exposure 

concentrations tested were 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM bentazon and for eelgrass, 

exposure concentrations tested were 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM (0, 2.4, 24, 240, 

2400 μg/L). For eelgrass, each concentration included 3 replicate aquaria that contained 3 

plants anchored in glass pellets. Exposures occurred for 3 days. Measured endpoints 

included growth, ratio of chlorophyll a:b, RNA:DNA ratio. For phytoplankton, primary 

production was assessed by considering incorporation of ratiolabeled HCO3-. A 

significant decrease in the growth rate was observed in the highest treatment group, 

resulting in a NOAEC of 240 μg/L. Effects to the ratio of chlorophyll a:b was observed at 

a lower concentration (i.e., 24 μg/L); however, the relevance of this endpoint to the 

organism is of question because growth effects were not observed. Figure 2, which is 

reproduced directly from the study article, includes the effects observed in eelgrass 

exposed to bentazon. In a mixture study that included two different mixtures of 

glyphosate, MCPA and bentazon (Mixture A: 1μM Glyphosate; 0.01μM Bentazone; 

0.01μM MCPA; Mixture B: 100μM Glyphosate; 0.1μM Bentazone, 0.1μM MCPA), 

effects to growth, chlorophyll a:b ratio and DNA were observed in eelgrass. These results 

relative to controls are included in Figure 4, which is reproduced directly from the study 

report.In the phytoplankton experiment, 14C incorporation was decreased at 0.1 M (14% 

decrease relative to control), resulting in a NOEC of 0.01. 

Page 104 of 140 
Figure 2 (reproduced from article). Effect of Bentazone on Z. marina: (a) relative growth rate in length; (b) relative 

growth rate in weight; (c) chlorophyll a:b ratio; (d) RNA–DNA ratio after 3 days. *Significant from the control (ANOVA, P < 

0.1). **Significant from the control (ANOVA, P < 0.05). 

Description of Use in Document: Qualitative 

 

Rationale for Use: This may be used to characterize potential effects of bentazon on 

eelgrass. A NOAEC of 240 μg/L based on growth should be used. 

Limitations of study: 

1. Organisms were wild caught. Therefore, their previous exposures to chemical 

stressors is unknown. In addition, the species of phytoplankton are not identified 

in the article. 

2. It’s not clear whether a formulated product or technical grade of bentazon was 

used. 

Primary reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Page 105 of 140 
Attachment 4. Open literature review for ECOTOX record 114118 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 114118 

Hourmant, A., A. Amara, and P. Pouline. 2009. Effect of Bentazon on Growth and 

Physiological Responses of Marine Diatom: Chaetoceros gracilis. Toxicology 

Mechanisms and Methods. 19:109-115. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date of Assessment: October 1, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

Introduction

This study determined the 3-day EC50 based on reproduction of bentazon and formulated 

product Basamaïs to the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis. The paper also evaluate the 

effects of Basamaïs on pigment contents, photosynthesis and respiration rates, ATP 

content, and a biomarker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). 

Methods

Bentazon and a French formulated product of bentazon called Basamaïs (48% active 

ingredient) were tested in 3-day growth tests with the marine diatom Chaetoceros 

gracilis. Test solutions were prepared with filtered artificial sea water. Bentazon was 

tested at 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, and Basamaïs was tested at 1, 10, 50, 80, and 100 

μg/L. A control was also included in both tests. Test vessels were 500 mg Pyrex glass 

bottles. The inoculums were 0.2 x 104

 to 1 x 104 cells. Microalgal cultures were 

maintained at 18 ± 2°C under 16 h photoperiod with 45 μmol/m2

/s of photosynthetically 

active radiation. After 3 days, cell growth was measured by counting cells under a 

microscope. The EC50 and NOAEC were estimated based on cell growth. 

Results

There was good cell growth in this study, with final cell density in the control of 

approximately 250 x 106

 in the bentazon study and 275 x 106 in the Basamaïs study. 

Both studies yielded good dose response curves, with cell densities reduced by 

approximately 90% at the highest test concentrations. Based on cell counts, the 3-day 

EC50 for bentazon was 150 mg/L. The 3-day EC50 for the formulated product Basamaïs 

was 60 μg/L (note the change in units). This indicates that Basamaïs is 2500-times more 

toxic to marine diatoms than the active ingredient. The 3-day NOAEC values for cell 

density were 10 mg/L for bentazon and 10 μg/L for Basamaïs. 

Several additional endpoints were also measured in diatoms exposed to Basamaïs, 

including cell size, pigments, ATP content, thiobarbiturc acid reactive substances 

Page 106 of 140 
(biomarkers of lipid peroxidation), Gross photosynthesis and dark respiration rates. These 

results are not summarized here since this formulated product is not registered in the 

United States and the endpoints cannot be directly related to effects on cell survival or 

reproduction. 

Bentazon

3-day EC50: 120,000 μg ai/L 

3-day NOAEC: 10,000 μg ai/L 

3-day LOAEC: 50,000 μg ai/L 

Basamaïs (formulated product)

3-day EC50: 60 μg ai/L 

3-day NOAEC: 10 μg ai/L 

3-day LOAEC: 50 μg ai/L 

Description of Use in Document: Qualitative

 

Rationale for Use: 

The results are considered scientifically valid. The exposures involving technical 

bentazon should be considered qualitative due to the deviations from the OCSPP test 

guideline for algae (see “limitations of study” below). 

The results for the formulated product Basamaïs should not be used for risk assessment of 

the active ingredient because the results indicate that inert ingredients of this formulation 

strongly affect the toxicity to Chaetoceros gracilis. The data from the Basamaïs tests 

may be useful in characterizing potential effects of formulated products containing 

bentazon; however, they should not be used quantitatively because the relationship 

between these formulated products and those registered in the US is unknown. The 

products included in this study may have adjuvants and other inert ingredients that may 

significantly affect toxicity compared to other products registered in the US. 

Limitations of Study: 

1. Cell growth was measured for only 3 days, whereas the OCSPP test guideline 

(850.5400) specifies that growth should be measured for 96 hr (4 days). 

2. The test of bentazon was conducted with only 4 test concentrations, whereas the 

OCSPP test guideline specifies testing of at least five concentrations. 

3. The paper did not indicate that any replication was used in the tests of cell growth. 

4. Basamaïs is a formulated product that is not registered in the United States. 

5. Test conditions differed somewhat from those specified the OCSPP test guideline 

for testing the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants (850.5400). For the 

marine diatom Skeletonema costatum, the guideline specifies a test temperature of 

20 ± 2°C and a 14-hr photoperiod, whereas in this study the test temperature was 

18 ± 2°C and the photoperiod was 16 hr. 

6. The paper did not report the pH of the test solutions. 

Page 107 of 140 
Primary Reviewer: Nicholas Mastrota, Biologist, ERB1 

Secondary Reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Attachment 5. Open literature review for ECOTOX record 36590

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 36590  

Farlow, R. A. and Pitre, H. N. (1983). Effects of Selected Pesticide Application Routines 

on Pest and Beneficial Arthropods on Soybean in Mississippi. Environ.Entomol. 12: 

552-557. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date of Assessment: October 1, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

This study was conducted in Mississippi in 1980 and 1981. An application of 1 lb a.i./A 

bentazon was made to soybeans. Bentazon (at 1 lb a.i./A) was also applied with two 

separate mixtures of pesticides that included a) benomyl (0.5 lb a.i./A) and methyl 

parathion (0.25 lb a.i./A) and b) benomyl (0.5). Plot sizes were 24.4 m x 30.5 m in 1980 

and 24.4 m x 61 m in 1981. An untreated control was also included in the study. Each 

treatment included 4 replicate plots that had randomized locations (complete block 

design). Arthropod populations, including lepotopterans (pests) and predatory arthropods 

(beneficial) were monitored weekly from crop emergence to when the crop was 

approximately 1 foot tall. Arthropods were collected using the ground cloth method. No 

significant differences in the numbers of arthropods (including both pests and beneficial 

species) were observed when comparing the control and bentazon treated plots. Mixtures 

including bentazon and benomyl and bentazon, benomyl and methyl parathion did not 

demonstrate a significant difference in the number of beneficial arthropods compared to 

the control. 

Description of Use in Document: Qualitative 

 

Rationale for Use: The results of this study may be used as a line of evidence to indicate 

that bentazon is not expected to impact beneficial arthropods when applied at 1 lb a.i./A. 

Limitations of study: 

1. Only one application rate was tested. This level is below the highest single 

application rate allowed for this chemical. 

2. The formulated product that was applied is not identified. 

Reviewer comments: 

Page 108 of 140 
This study also examined effects of other pesticide applications on beneficial arthropods. 

Results from other pesticide active ingredients were not included in this review. 

Primary reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Attachment 6. Open literature review for ECOTOX record 53203 

Chemical Name: Bentazon 

PC Code: 275200 

CAS No.: 25057-89-0 

ECOTOX Record Number and Citation: 53203 

Pizl, V. (1988). Interactions Between Earthworms and Herbicides. I. Toxicity of Some 

Herbicides to Earthworms in Laboratory Tests. Pedobiologia 32: 227-232. 

Purpose of Review: Registration Review 

Date of Assessment: October 1, 2014 

Brief Summary of Study Findings: 

Description of Use in Document: Qualitative 

 

Rationale for Use: 

Limitations of study: 

Reviewer comments: 

Primary reviewer: Kris Garber, Senior Advisor, ERB1 

Page 109 of 140 
Attachment 7. ECOTOX bibliography for bentazon: Accepted papers 

Barrett, M., Polge, N., Baerg, R., Bradshaw, L., and Poneleit, C. (97). Role of Cytochrome P-450S in 

Herbicide Metabolism and Selectivity and Multiple Herbicide Metabolizing Cytochrome P-450 

Activities in Maize. In: K.K.Hatzios (Ed.), Regulation of Enzymatic Systems Detoxifying Xenobiotics in 

Plants, Kluwer Acad.Publ., Dordrecht, Netherlands 35-50. 

EcoReference No.: 72005 

User Def 2: NEW CSC,CALF 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: ECOREF #70107 - EBIB 

Chemical of Concern: BT,24DXY,DMB 

Endpoint: PHY 

Habitat: T 

Bethlenfalvay, G. J., Norris, R. F., and Phillips, D. A. (79). Effect of Bentazon, a Hill Reaction Inhibitor, 

on Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Capability and Apparent Photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 63: 213-215. 

EcoReference No.: 71009 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: ECOREF #69977 - EBIB 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: PHY 

Habitat: T 

Campbell, J. R. and Penner, D. (82). Enhanced Phytotoxicity of Bentazon with Organophosphate and 

Carbamate Insecticides. Weed Sci. 30: 324-326. 

EcoReference No.: 61217 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Devlin, D. L., Long, J. H., and Maddux, L. D. (91). Using Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides 

in Soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 5: 834-840. 

EcoReference No.: 70991 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: Ref Man #59848 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: GRO 

Habitat: T 

Fuerst, E. P., Arntzen, C. J., Pfister, K., and Penner, D. (86). Herbicide Cross-Resistance in TriazineResistant Biotypes of Four Species. Weed Sci. 34: 344-353. 

EcoReference No.: 72067 

User Def 2: NEW CSC,CALF,CORE 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: ECOREF #70717 - EBIB 

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BMC,MBZ,LNR,PMB,BMN,BT,PMT,DU,TET 

Endpoint: PHY 

Habitat: T 

Green, J.M. (1998). Differential Tolerance of Corn (Zea mays) Inbreds to Four Sulfonylurea 

Herbicides and Bentazon. Weed Technol. 12: 474-477. 

EcoReference No.: 64547 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

User Def 5: PLANT SCI 9-00 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Page 110 of 140 
Hartzler, R. G. and Foy, C. L. (83). Compatibility of Bas 9052 Oh with Acifluorfen and Bentazon. 

Weed Sci. 31: 597-599. 

EcoReference No.: 25260 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Hinz, J.R.R., Owen, M.D.K., and Barrett, M. (1997). Nicosulfuron, Primisulfuron, and Bentazon 

Hydroxylation by Corn (Zea mays), Woolly Cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), and Shattercane (Sorghum 

bicolor) Cytochrome P-450. Weed Sci. 45: 474-480. 

EcoReference No.: 64598 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

User Def 5: PLANT SCI 9-00 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Jordan, D.L. (1995). Interactions of Fenoxaprop-Ethyl with Bensulfuron and Bentazon in Dry-Seeded 

Rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Technol. 9: 724-727. 

EcoReference No.: 63460 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Lycan, D.W. and Hart, S.E. (1999). Physiological Response of Soybean (Glycine max) and Two Weed 

Species to Thifensulfuron and Bentazon Combinations. Weed Sci. 47: 143-148. 

EcoReference No.: 64816 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

User Def 5: PLANT SCI 9-00 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Maenpaa, K. A., Sormunen, A. J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2003). Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of 

Sediment Associated Herbicides (Ioxynil, Pendimethalin, and Bentazone) in Lumbriculus variegatus 

(Oligochaeta) and Chironomus riparius (Insecta). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 56: 398-410. 

EcoReference No.: 72621 

User Def 2: TITLE CURRENT,CORE 

User Def 5: Nov.2003 - Handsearch 

Chemical of Concern: BT,PDM 

Endpoint: MOR 

Habitat: A 

Mcwhorter, C. G., Wills, G. D., and Wauchope, R. D. (87). Efficacy of Bentazon and Msma As Affected 

by A Humic Acid-Type Polymeric Polyhydroxy Acid Adjuvant. Weed Sci. 35(2): 237-242. 

EcoReference No.: 31099 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Michel, A., Johnson, R. D., Duke, S. O., and Scheffler, B. E. (2004). Dose-Response Relationships 

Between Herbicides with Different Modes of Action and Growth of Lemna paucicostata: An 

Improved Ecotoxicological Method. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 1074-1079. 

EcoReference No.: 72796 

User Def 2: WASH,CALF,CORE,SENT 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: Handsearch 

Chemical of Concern: DMB,DBN,ATZ,PQT,ACR,BT,GYP,FDM 

Misc 3: GRO 

Habitat: A 

Page 111 of 140 
Mine, A. and Matsunaka, S. (75). Mode of Action of Bentazon: Effect on Photosynthesis. Pest Bioc 5: 

444-450. 

EcoReference No.: 30794 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Nalecz-Jawecki, G., Kucharczyk, E., and Sawicki, J. (2002). The Sensitivity of Protozoan Spirostomum 

ambiguum to Selected Pesticides. Fresenius Environ.Bull. 11: 98-74. 

EcoReference No.: 69821 

User Def 2: WASH,CALF,CORE,SENT 

User Def 3: 01/28/2004 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: CSA 11-02 

Chemical of Concern: CYP,DM,PRM,HCCH,CBL,MOM,MLN,Captan,LNR,GYP,PDM,BT,DMB 

Endpoint: MOR 

Habitat: A 

Nalewaja, J. D. and Adamczewski, K. A. (77). Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus Retroflexus) Control 

with Bentazon Plus Additives. Weed Sci. 25: 506-510. 

EcoReference No.: 28602 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Retzlaff, G. and Fischer, A. (73). Die Beeinflussung der Assimilation Verschiedener Pflanzen Durch 

Bentazon Im Vergleich Zur Selektivitat. Mit Bio Bun 151: 179-180. 

EcoReference No.: 25949 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Saglio, P., Olsen, K. H., and Bretaud, S. (2001). Behavioral and Olfactory Responses to Prochloraz, 

Bentazone, and Nicosulfuron-Contaminated Flows in Goldfish. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 

192-74. 

EcoReference No.: 60972 

User Def 2: WASH,SENT 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REVUser Def 5: HandSearch 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: BEH 

Habitat: A 

Whitwell, T., Wehtje, G., Walker, R. H., and Mcguire, J. A. (85). Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) 

Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Postemergence Grass Herbicides Applied Alone and in 

Mixtures. Weed Sci. 33: 673-678. 

EcoReference No.: 72069 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: ECOREF #70590 - EBIB 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: POP 

Habitat: T 

Wilson, C. and Whitwell, T. (93). Tolerance of Nineteen Species of Container Grown Landscape Plants 

to Postemergence Applications of Basagran. J.Environ.Hortic. 11: 86-89. 

EcoReference No.: 72690 

User Def 2: PULL,WASH 

Page 112 of 140 
User Def 5: Altland,J.E., C.H.Gilliam, and G.Wehtje (2003) Weed Control in Field Nurseries, 

Horttechnology 13(1):9-14 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: PHY,GRO 

Habitat: T 

Zand, E., Beckie, H. J., Myhre, C. D., and Loeppky, H. A. (2002). Response of Two Canada Thistle 

(Cirsium arvense) Varieties to Herbicides. Can.J.Plant Sci. 82: 625-628. 

EcoReference No.: 70948 

User Def 2: NEW CSC,CALF,CORE 

User Def 4: FIL/OPP-ESA REV 

User Def 5: Annual Online Search 

Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,DMB,HXZ,BT,BMN,GYP 

Endpoint: GRO 

Habitat: T 

Booth, G. M., Yu, C. C., and Hansen, D. J. (73). Fate, Metabolism, and Toxicity of 3-Isopropyl-1H-2, 

1,3-Benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-1-2,2-Dioxide in a Model Ecosystem 

8973. J.Environ.Qual. 2(3): 408-411. 

EcoReference No.: 8747 

User Def 2: ECOTOX MED,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoint: MOR,ACC 

Habitat: A 

Boumaiza, M., Ktari, M. H., and Vitiello, P. (79). Toxicity of Several Pesticides Used in Tunisia, for 

Aphanius fasciatus Nardo, 1827 (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Arch.Inst.Pasteur Tunis 56: 307-342 (FRE). 

EcoReference No.: 5365 

Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,BT,CPY,DMT,DZ,MLN,PSM,DMTEndpoints: MOR 

Habitat: A 

Faust, M., Altenburger, R., Boedeker, W., and Grimme, L. H. (93). Additive Effects of Herbicide 

Combinations on Aquatic Non-Target Organisms. Sci.Total Environ.(Suppl.) 941-951. 

EcoReference No.: 4332 

Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,ATZ,BT,GYP,SZ 

Endpoints: POP 

Habitat: A 

Gaynor, J. D. and Hamill, A. S. (83). Bentazon Preemergence Activity on Velvetleaf (Abutilon 

Theophrasti) and Persistence in Southwestern Ontario (Canada) Soils. Can.J.Plant Sci. 63: 1015-

1022. 

EcoReference No.: 41019 

User Def 2: TITLE PULL,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Habitat: T 

Kurtz, W.L. and Stroube, E.W. (1975). Control of Yellow Nutsedge by Various Herbicides. P Nc Wd C 

C 30: -59. 

EcoReference No.: 40622 

User Def 2: MED,WASH 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MTL 

Endpoint: MOR 

Habitat: T 

Leung, T. S., Naqvi, S. M., and LeBlanc, C. (83). Toxicities of Two Herbicides (Basagran, Diquat) and 

Page 113 of 140 
an Algicide (Cutrine-Plus) to Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A Ecol.Biol. 30(2): 

153-160. 

EcoReference No.: 10495 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Endpoints: MOR 

Habitat: A 

Sun, F. (87). Evaluating Acute Toxicity of Pesticides to Aquatic Organisms: Carp, Mosquito Fish and 

Daphnids. Plant Prot.Bull./Chih Wu Pao Hu Hsueh Hui Hui K'an 29: 385-396 (CHI) (ENG ABS). 

EcoReference No.: 13451 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CBF,EP,GYP,PSM,TBC 

Endpoints: MOR 

Habitat: A 

Allievi, L., Gigliotti, C., Salardi, C., Valsecchi, G., Brusa, T., and Ferrari, A. (1996). Influence of the 

Herbicide Bentazon on Soil Microbial Community. Microbiol.Res. 151: 105-111. 

EcoReference No.: 115116 

Chemical of Concern: NaBT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP 

Baysinger, J. A. (1995). Effect of Postemergence Herbicides on (Cercospora arachidicola), the Causal 

Agent of Early Leafspot Disease in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Ph.D.Thesis, Oklahoma State 

Univ.,Stillwater,OK 45 p. (UMI#9601650). 

EcoReference No.: 113744 

Chemical of Concern: IZT,24DB,LCF,BT,ACF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,REP,POP,PHY 

Baysinger, J. A., Melouk, H. A., and Murray, D. S. (1999). Effects of Postemergence Herbicides on 

Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Early Leaf Spot of Peanut. Peanut Sci. 26: 4-7. 

EcoReference No.: 115182 

Chemical of Concern: IZT,ACF,24DB,LCF,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,POP 

Bernasor, P. C. and De Datta, S. K. (1986). Chemical and Cultural Control of Bulrush (Scirpus maritimus 

L.) and Annual Weeds in Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Weed Res. 26: 233-244. 

EcoReference No.: 31290 

Chemical of Concern: MCPA,IPPA,DMDP,TBC,BSFM,BTC,24D,BT,OXF,PPN; Habitat: AT; Effect 

Codes: POP 

Cedergreen, N. and Streibig, J. C. (2005). The Toxicity of Herbicides to Non-Target Aquatic Plants and 

Algae: Assessment of Predictive Factors and Hazard. Pest Manag.Sci. 61: 1152-1160. 

EcoReference No.: 88207 

Chemical of Concern: PDM,MST,DQTBr,MCPA,MCPP1,GYPI,TSF,MTSM,TBZ,BT; Habitat: A; 

Effect Codes: GRO 

Clay, D. V. (1972). The Response of Strawberry to a Range of Foliage Acting Herbicides. Proc.Br.Weed 

Control Conf. 11: 409-416. 

EcoReference No.: 40855 

Chemical of Concern: GYP,BMN,BT,PHMD,PYZ,MBZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO 

Page 114 of 140 
El-Ghar, G. E. S. A. (1994). Effects of Herbicides on Consumption, Growth and Food Utilization by Cotton 

Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) Larvae. Anz.Schaedlingskd.Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 67: 143-

146. 

EcoReference No.: 70433 

Chemical of Concern: AMTR,GFS,ODZ,FZF,BT,BMN,GYPI; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: 

BEH,GRO,PHY 

Farlow, R. A. and Pitre, H. N. (1983). Bioactivity of the Postemergent Herbicides Acifluorfen and 

Bentazon on Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 76: 200-203. 

EcoReference No.: 71756 

Chemical of Concern: BT,ACF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,MOR 

Farlow, R. A. and Pitre, H. N. (1983). Effects of Selected Pesticide Application Routines on Pest and 

Beneficial Arthropods on Soybean in Mississippi. Environ.Entomol. 12: 552-557. 

EcoReference No.: 36590 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MP,BMY,ADC,ACF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP 

Garagna, S., Vasco, C., Merico, V., Esposito, A., Zuccotti, M., and Redi, C. A. (2005). Effects of a Low 

Dose of Bentazon on Spermatogenesis of Mice Exposed During Foetal, Postnatal and Adult Life. 

Toxicology 212: 165-174. 

EcoReference No.: 114119 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,CEL 

Gardner, W. A. and Storey, G. K. (1985). Sensitivity of Beauveria bassiana to Selected Herbicides. 

J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 1275-1279. 

EcoReference No.: 70790 

Chemical of Concern: 

SZ,PZM,ACF,ACR,BT,DFP,DU,FZF,GYP,MTL,MBZ,OYZ,OXF,PQT,PND,PPZ,SXD,TRB,TFN,24D; 

Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,POP 

Graham, G. L., Peng, G., Bailey, K. L., and Holm, F. A. (2006). Interactions of Colletotrichum truncatum 

with Herbicides for Control of Scentless Chamomile (Matricaria perforata). Weed Technol. 20: 877-884. 

EcoReference No.: 97130 

Chemical of Concern: 

GFS,GYP,MBZ,BMN,BT,IPPA,DMDP,MCPAI,DMB,CPR,TN,IZT,FSM,SXD,24D,BT; Habitat: T; 

Effect Codes: POP,GRO 

Grant, N. T., Prusinkiewicz, E., Makowski, R. M. D., Holmstrom-Ruddick, B., and Mortensen, K. (1990). 

Effect of Selected Pesticides on Survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae, a Bioherbicide 

for Round-Leaved Mallow (Malva pusilla). Weed Technol. 4: 701-715. 

EcoReference No.: 95696 

Chemical of Concern: 

TDF,THM,TPM,MZB,CTN,Captan,BMY,MBZ,LNR,24DB,BT,BMN,CPR,CZE,DMB,DFP,DFQ,FNPE,I

ZT,DLN,SXD,PPN,PCL,24D,CBX,DCNA,FBM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: REP,GRO 

Grossmann, K., Berghaus, R., and Retzlaff, G. (1992). Heterotrophic Plant Cell Suspension Cultures for 

Monitoring Biological Activity in Agrochemical Research. Comparison with Screens Using Algae, 

Germinating Seeds and Whole Plants. Pestic.Sci. 35: 283-289. 

Page 115 of 140 
EcoReference No.: 78497 

Chemical of Concern: 

OXF,NFZ,PDM,ASM,CPP,GFSNH,ACFNa,ATZ,PMT,MBZ,BT,DU,PPN,PAQT,PHMD,MCPA,24D,AC

R,SXD,DFPM,DBN,GYP,IZT,IMQ,CSF,NP; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: GRO,POP 

Han, Y. C. and Wang, C. Y. (2002). Physiological Basis of Bentazon Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 

Lines. Weed Biol.Manag. 2: 186-193. 

EcoReference No.: 115445 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BCM,PHY,ACC 

Heres-Pulido, M. E., Lombera-Hernandez, S., Duenas-Garcia, I., Perales-Canales, I., Castaneda-Partida, L., 

Rocha-Ortiz, C., Flores-Maya, S., Duran-D¡az, A., and Graf, U. (2008). Genotoxicity of Triasulfuron in the 

Wing Spot Test of Drosophila melanogaster is Modulated by Winter Wheat Seedlings. Mutat.Res. 653: 70-

75. 

EcoReference No.: 114355 

Chemical of Concern: TSF,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL 

Hill, J. E., Roberts, S. R., Bayer, D. E., and Williams, J. F. (1990). Crop Response and Weed Control from 

new Herbicide Combinations in Water-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Technol. 4: 838-842. 

EcoReference No.: 74652 

Chemical of Concern: MLT,TBC,BT,BSF; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP 

Hourmant, A., Amara, A., Pouline, P., Durand, G., Arzul, G., and Quiniou, F. (2009). Effect of Bentazon 

on Growth and Physiological Responses of Marine Diatom: Chaetoceros gracilis. Toxicol.Mech.Methods

19: 109-115. 

EcoReference No.: 114118 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO,BCM,PHY 

Imeokparia, P. O. (1990). Weed Management in Direct-Seeded Lowland Rice Under Iron Toxic Sites in 

Nigeria. Ann.Appl.Biol. 116: 563-571. 

EcoReference No.: 115449 

Chemical of Concern: DMB,BTC,ODZ,PPN,BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO 

Indyk, F. (1993). The Effect of Herbicides on the Effectivity of Hen Hatching. Zool.Pol. 36: 33-61. 

EcoReference No.: 71392 

Chemical of Concern: LNR,SZ,PAQT,BT,DQTBr,PHMD,TBC,ATZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: 

MOR,REP 

Kaya, B., Marcos, R., Yanikoglu, A., and Creus, A. (2004). Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Four 

Herbicides in the Wing Spot Test of Drosophila melanogaster Using Two Different Strains. Mutat.Res.

557: 53-62. 

EcoReference No.: 74251 

Chemical of Concern: MLT,TBC,TFN,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL 

Kim, D. G. and Riggs, R. D. (1998). Effects of Some Pesticides on the Growth of ARF18 and Its 

Pathogenicity to Heterodera glycines. J.Nematol. 30: 201-205. 

EcoReference No.: 70527 

Chemical of Concern: 

Page 116 of 140 
FPP,KFAT,DZ,TPM,MYC,MZB,FML,DLN,CTN,PNB,SXD,CBL,DCNA,MLN,CHX,DCF,GYPI,PAQT,

TFN,ADC,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,POP 

Leung, T. S., Naqvi, S. M., and LeBlanc, C. (1983). Toxicities of Two Herbicides (Basagran, Diquat) and 

an Algicide (Cutrine-Plus) to Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Environ.Pollut.Ser.A 30: 153-160. 

EcoReference No.: 10495 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DQTBr; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR 

Levene, B. C., Owen, M. D. K., and Tylka, G. L. (1998). Influence of Herbicide Application to Soybeans 

on Soybean Cyst Nematode Egg Hatching. J.Nematology 30: 347-352 . 

EcoReference No.: 93889 

Chemical of Concern: LCF,ACF,BT,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR 

Levene, B. C., Owen, M. D. K., and Tylka, G. L. (1998). Response of Soybean Cyst Nematodes and 

Soybeans (Glycine max) to Herbicides. Weed Sci. 46: 264-270. 

EcoReference No.: 64790 

Chemical of Concern: IZT,SXD,FZFP,BT,ACF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,REP,BCM 

Lundegardh, B. (1992). Characterization of Three Herbicide-Resistant Strains of the Unicellular Green 

Alga, Monoraphidium pusillum. 1. Growth, Photosynthetic Capacity and Cross-Resistance. 

Swed.J.Agric.Res. 22: 29-38. 

EcoReference No.: 104583 

Chemical of Concern: DU,BT,ATZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO,PHY 

Macedo, R. S., Lombardi, A. T., Omachi, C. Y., and Rorig, L. R. (2008). Effects of the Herbicide Bentazon 

on Growth and Photosystem II Maximum Quantum Yield of the Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatum. 

Toxicol.In Vitro 22: 716-722. 

EcoReference No.: 101984 

Chemical of Concern: DU,BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,POP 

Maenpaa, K. A., Sormunen, A. J., and Kukkonen, J. V. K. (2003). Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of 

Sediment Associated Herbicides (Ioxynil, Pendimethalin, and Bentazone) in Lumbriculus variegatus 

(Oligochaeta) and Chironomus riparius (Insecta). Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 56: 398-410. 

EcoReference No.: 72621 

Chemical of Concern: BT,PDM; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO,ACC 

Michel, A., Johnson, R. D., Duke, S. O., and Scheffler, B. E. (2004). Dose-Response Relationships 

Between Herbicides with Different Modes of Action and Growth of Lemna paucicostata: An Improved 

Ecotoxicological Method. Environ.Toxicol.Chem. 23: 1074-1079. 

EcoReference No.: 72796 

Chemical of Concern: 

PDM,DMB,GFSNH,NFZ,IZT,FZFPB,24D,GYP1,BT,ACR,ATZ,DBN,DFPM,CSF,ACF,OPP,NPM,PAQT

,FDE,CMZ,ASM,EPTC; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO 

Mikula, I., Pistl, J., and Kacmar, P. (1992). The Immune Response of Sheep to Subclinical Chronic 

Exposure to the Herbicide Bentazon TP. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 34: 507-509 . 

EcoReference No.: 115117 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY 

Page 117 of 140 
Munkegaard, M., Abbaspoor, M., and Cedergreen, N. (2008). Organophosphorous Insecticides as 

Herbicide Synergists on the Green Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the Aquatic Plant Lemna 

minor. Ecotoxicology 17: 29-35. 

EcoReference No.: 101323 

Chemical of Concern: MTSM,BT,TBZ,MLN,CPY,ES; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: GRO 

Nalecz-Jawecki, G., Kucharczyk, E., and Sawicki, J. (2002). The Sensitivity of Protozoan Spirostomum 

ambiguum to Selected Pesticides. Fresenius Environ.Bull. 11: 98-101. 

EcoReference No.: 69821 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,DDVP,THM,DOD,IPD,TPE,PDM,PCH,MCPA,ACYP,DM,PRM,HCCH,CBL,MOM,MLN,Captan,L

NR,GYPI,PDM,BT,DMB; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR 

Nemoto, M. C. M., Nahas, E., Pitelli, R. A., and Coelho, L. (2002). Germination and Mycelial Growth of 

Bipolaris euphorbiae Muchovej & Carvalho as Influenced by Herbicides and Surfactants. 

Braz.J.Microbiol. 33: 352-357. 

EcoReference No.: 95538 

Chemical of Concern: IZT,LCF,FSF,GYP,BT,OXS,CRME; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,GRO,REP 

Nielsen, L. W. and Dahllof, I. (2007). Direct and Indirect Effects of the Herbicides Glyphosate, Bentazone 

and MCPA on Eelgrass (Zostera marina). Aquat.Toxicol. 82: 47-54. 

EcoReference No.: 109342 

Chemical of Concern: GYP,MCPA,BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,GRO,POP 

Novakova-Repova, A. (1992). The Growth of Soil Micromycetes in the Media Containing Herbicide 

Basagran, Labuctril 25 and Oxytril CM. Ceska Mykol. 46: 86-92. 

EcoReference No.: 115125 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY 

Pendzick Clay, S. A. (1986). Interference and Control of Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) in Wild 

Rice (Zizania palustris). Ph.D.Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 90 p. (UMI#8700571). 

EcoReference No.: 114705 

Chemical of Concern: BT,PPN,24D; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO,ACC 

Perschbacher, P. W., Stone, N., Ludwig, G. M., and Guy, C. B. Jr. (1997). Evaluation of Effects of 

Common Aerially-Applied Soybean Herbicides and Propanil on the Plankton Communities of Aquaculture 

Ponds . Aquaculture 157: 117-122. 

EcoReference No.: 53095 

Chemical of Concern: CRM,FSF,PPN,ACF,GYP,BT,IMQ,FZF,CLT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: 

POP,PHY 

Pizl, V. (1988). Interactions Between Earthworms and Herbicides. I. Toxicity of Some Herbicides to 

Earthworms in Laboratory Tests. Pedobiologia 32: 227-232 . 

EcoReference No.: 53203 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,ATZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,GRO 

Rao, K. N. and Gupta, K. M. (1982). Studies on Weed Control in Rice with Herbicides. Pesticides 16: 19-

21. 

Page 118 of 140 
EcoReference No.: 98113 

Chemical of Concern: BT,ODZ,OXF,IPPA,UREA,PPN,NaBT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP 

Repova, A. (1985). Effect of Four Herbicides on the Quantitative Changes in the Micromycete Population 

of Spruce Forest Soil. Biol.Agric.Hortic. 2: 205-213. 

EcoReference No.: 115114 

Chemical of Concern: DPP1,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,REP 

Saglio, P., Olsen, K. H., and Bretaud, S. (2001). Behavioral and Olfactory Responses to Prochloraz, 

Bentazone, and Nicosulfuron-Contaminated Flows in Goldfish. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 192-

200. 

EcoReference No.: 60972 

Chemical of Concern: NSF,DZ,BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: BEH 

Samsoe-Petersen, L. (1995). Effects of 67 Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators on the Rove Beetle 

Aleochara bilineata (Col.: Staphylinidae) in the Laboratory. Entomophaga 40: 95-104. 

EcoReference No.: 63490 

Chemical of Concern: 

MTL,DU,MCPP1,FXP,BT,PDM,MTSM,AMTL,DPP1,ATZ,SZ,CQTC,HFP,PYD,BMC,CBL; Habitat: T; 

Effect Codes: MOR,REP,GRO 

Shrivastava, R., Sarkar, R., and Chauhan, U. K. (2008). Effect of Herbicides on Biochemical and 

Physiological Properties of Oscillatoria Laete-Virens. Asian J.Microbiol.Biotechnol.Environ.Sci. 10: 563-

567. 

EcoReference No.: 115620 

Chemical of Concern: DU,MBZ,ATZ,BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,GRO,BCM 

Stachowski-Haberkorn, S., Quiniou, F., Nedelec, M., Robert, R., Limon, G., and De la Broise, D. (2008). 

In-Situ Microcosms, a Tool for Assessment of Pesticide Impacts on Oyster Spat (Crassostrea gigas). 

Ecotoxicology 17: 235-245. 

EcoReference No.: 111918 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,BCM,GRO 

Sugha, S. K. and Singh, B. M. (1985). Effect of Herbicides on the Severity of Glume Blight of Rice Caused 

by Phyllosticta glumarum. Pesticides 19: 25. 

EcoReference No.: 114336 

Chemical of Concern: BTC,PPN,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP 

Tu, C. M. (1993). Influence of Ten Herbicides on Activities of Microorganisms and Enzymes in Soil. 

Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 51: 30-39. 

EcoReference No.: 86410 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DFP,DU,EPTC,PPZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,PHY,SYS 

Ugazio, G., Bosio, A., Burdino, E., Ghigo, L., and Nebbia, C. (1991). Lethality, Hexobarbital Narcosis and 

Behavior in Rats Exposed to Atrazine, Bentazon and Molinate. Res.Commun.Chem.Pathol.Pharmacol. 74: 

349-362. 

EcoReference No.: 73826 

Page 119 of 140 
Chemical of Concern: MLT,ATZ,BT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH 

Wong, A. T. S., Tylka, G. L., and Hartzler, R. G. (1993). Effects of Eight Herbicides on In Vitro Hatching 

of Heterodera glycines. J.Nematol. 25: 578-584. 

EcoReference No.: 72076 

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,CZE,ACF,EFL,TFN,ACR,BT,ATZ,ZnS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR 

Wyss, G. S., Charudattan, R., Rosskopf, E. N., and Littell, R. C. (2004). Effects of Selected Pesticides and 

Adjuvants on Germination and Vegetative Growth of Phomopsis amaranthicola, a Biocontrol Agent for 

Amaranthus spp. Weed Res. 44: 469-482 . 

EcoReference No.: 96666 

Chemical of Concern: 

PEB,DCF,EPTC,OXF,PAQT,CLT,TFN,NPM,PDM,AMTR,PRM,NPP,MBZ,IZT,IPD,VCZ,BMY,DMT,M

LN,CYR,LNR,DU,BS,GYPI,MTL,SXD,DCPA,IZP,SZ,ATZ,Maneb,MZB,CuOH,CTN,FSTAL,BT; 

Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP 

Zhang, J. and Cavers, P. B. (1994). Seedling Emergence After Maternal Bentazon Application to 10 

Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Populations. Canadian J.Plant Sci. 74: 863-866. 

EcoReference No.: 115454 

Chemical of Concern: BT; Habitat: AT; Effect Codes: POP 

Ahmad, M. and Vyas, S. C. Control of Dry Rot and Leaf Blight of Sesame by Herbicides. 

POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 1997; 27, (2): 222-224. 

Rec #: 390 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,OXF,PDM,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 98117 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,BT,MBZ,ODZ,OXF,PDM,TBC 

Ahmed, M. and Vyas, S. C. Effect of Herbicides on Soil- and Seed-Borne Nature of Fungi. 

POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 1997; 27, (2): 191-194. 

Rec #: 410 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,OXF,PDM,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 98116 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,BT,MBZ,ODZ,OXF,PDM,TBC 

Americanos, P. G. Herbicides for Peas. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1984; 62, 1-7. 

Rec #: 690 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,LNR,PDM), NO MIXTURE (DCPA,MTL,PMT,TBZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 116727 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CZE,DCPA,LNR,MTL,MTZ,PDM,PMT,TBZ 

Bachman, G.; Wilson, C., and Whitwell, T. Tolerance of Containerized Landscape Plants to the 

Postemergence Herbicides Stinger, Manage and Basagran. GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV; 1995; 13, (3): 129-132. 

Rec #: 980 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 72339 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CPR 

Balah, M. A.; Hanafi, A., and Ghani, S. B. A. Tank Mixture Additives Approach to Improve Efficiency of 

Bentazon Against Broadleaf Weeds in Peas. ACC,BCM,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2012; 47, 390-396. 

Rec #: 1350 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Page 120 of 140 
Notes: EcoReference No.: 167041 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Baldwin, F.; Santelmann, P., and Greer, H. Weed Control Systems for Hophornbeam Copperleaf Control in 

Peanuts. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1974; 66, 789-792. 

Rec #: 1060 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,PZM), OK (ACR,NFZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41554 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACR,ATZ,BT,CZE,FMU,MBZ,MTZ,NFZ,NPM,ODZ,PZM,TFN 

Banks, M. L.; Kennedy, A. C.; Kremer, R. J., and Eivazi, F. Soil Microbial Community Response to 

Surfactants and Herbicides in Two Soils. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2014; 74, 12-20. 

Rec #: 1360 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167042 

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BT,GYP 

Barker, M. A.; Thompson, L. Jr., and Godley, F. M. Control of Annual Morningglories (Ipomoea spp.) in 

Soybeans (Glycine max). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1984; 32, (6): 813-818. 

Rec #: 380 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (ACF,LNR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 44122 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,BT,LNR,MBZ 

Baysinger, J. A.; Melouk, H. A., and Murray, D. S. Effects of Postemergence Herbicides on Cercospora 

arachidicola Hori and Early Leaf Spot of Peanut. POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1999; 26, (1): 4-7. 

Rec #: 500 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,LCF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 115182 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,BT,IZT,LCF 

Beam, J. B.; Jordan, D. L.; York, A. C.; Bailey, J. E.; Isleib, T. G., and McKemie, T. E. Interaction of 

Prohexadione Calcium with Agrichemicals Applied to Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2002; 29, (1): 29-35. 

Rec #: 1220 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,ACP,BT,CBL,CLT,FPP,LCYT,MLN,SXD), NO EFFECT 

(AZX,BOR,CTN,CuOH,IPD,PPG), NO MIXTURE (ACF,Conazoles,PCZ,PPCP,PPCP2011) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 156938 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DBDMA,ACF,ACFNa,ACP,AZX,BOR,BT,CBL,CLT,CTN,Conazoles,CuOH,DMDB,FPP,IAZ,IPD,IZ

T,LCYT,MLN,NaB,PCZ,PPCP,PPCP2011,PPG,PYD,SXD,TEZ 

Bellinder, R. R.; Arsenovic, M.; Kirkwyland, J. J., and Wallace, R. W. Evaluating the EPA's Comparative 

Product Performance Testing Guidelines for Herbicides in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). POP. 

Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0327, USA//: 

SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1998; 12, (2): 215-222. 

Rec #: 520 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,PDM), OK (EPTC,FSF,MTL,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 62914 

Chemical of Concern: BT,EPTC,FSF,MTL,PDM,TFN 

Bellinder, R. R.; Arsenovic, M.; Shah, D. A., and Rauch, B. J. Effect of Weed Growth Stage and Adjuvant 

on the Efficacy of Fomesafen and Bentazon. POPSOIL,ENV; 2003; 51, (6): 1016-1021. 

Rec #: 10 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (FSF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167069 

Page 121 of 140 
Chemical of Concern: BT,FSF 

Betts, M. Chemical Weed Control in Lupins. PHY,POP. Crop Res. Div.,DSIR,Lincoln,N. Z//: SOIL,ENV; 

1975; 28, 24-26. 

Rec #: 1280 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,EPTC,LNR,OXF,PDM,PMT,PZM,SZ,TFN), NO 

ENDPOINT (EPTC,LNR,OXF,PDM,PZM,SZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159511 

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BT,CZE,EPTC,LNR,MBZ,OXF,PDM,PMT,PZM,SZ,TFN 

Betts, M. F. and Morrison, I. N. Fall and Spring Applications of Trifluralin and Metribuzin in Fababeans 

(Vicia faba). GRO,POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1979; 27, 691-695. 

Rec #: 570 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (GYP,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 44021 

Chemical of Concern: BT,GYP,MBZ,TFN 

Bhattacharya, S. P. and Mondal, B. K. Efficacy of Some Herbicides for Control of Weeds in Wheat. 

POPSOIL,ENV; 1988; 22, (5): 7-8. 

Rec #: 1210 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157064 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,PDM 

Bijanzadeh, E. and Ghadiri, H. Effect of Separate and Combined Treatments of Herbicides on Weed 

Control and Corn (Zea mays) Yield. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2006; 20, (3): 640-645. 

Rec #: 20 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT), NO MIXTURE (24D,24DXY), OK (ACR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 152000 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,ACR,ATZ,BMN,BT,MCPA,PSF,RIM 

Bingham, S. W. Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Cool Season Turfgrass. 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1977; 25, (6): 487-491. 

Rec #: 1100 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 42798 

Chemical of Concern: BT,NPP 

Blackshaw, R. E. and Esau, R. Control of Annual Broadleaf Weeds in Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). 

PHY,POP. Agric. Canada Res. Stn.,Lethbridge,AB,Can//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 5, (3): 532-538. 

Rec #: 30 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (CMZ,EPTC,FSF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 151999 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CMZ,EFL,EPTC,FSF,IZT 

Bowers, D. L. and Bauman, T. T. Postemergence Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) Control as Influenced 

by Soil-Applied Vernolate and Trifluralin. ACC,PHYSOIL,ENV,TOP; 1984; 32, (4): 451-454. 

Rec #: 870 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,ACFNa,BT,TFN), NO ENDPOINT (ACFNa,BT), WEEDS 

(ACF,ACFNa,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 44134 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,ACFNa,BT,TFN,VNT 

Bryson, C. T. and Croom, E. M. Jr. Herbicide Inputs for a New Agronomic Crop, Annual Wormwood 

(Artemisia annua). GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 5, (1): 117-124. 

Rec #: 650 

Page 122 of 140 
Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT), NO CONTROL (ACR,MTL,NFZ,OYZ,TFN), NO 

ENDPOINT (ACR,MTL,NFZ,OYZ,TFN), OK (SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73802 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,ACR,BT,FMU,FZF,MSMA,MTL,NFZ,OYZ,SXD,TFN 

Cai, Z.; Brauen, S. E.; Gealy, D. R.; Johnston, W. J., and Lumpkin, T. A. Tolerance of Chinese Milkvetch 

(Astragalus sinicus) to Herbicides. GRO,MOR,PHYSOIL,ENV; 1992; 6, (1): 104-107. 

Rec #: 40 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,HXZ,PZM), OK 

(ACR,CPP,DCPA,DU,EPTC,LCF,MTL,PMT,QZFE,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161547 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DB,ACF,ACR,BMN,BT,CPP,DCPA,DFPM,DU,EPTC,FZFB,HXZ,IMQ,IZT,LCF,MBZ,MCPA,MTL,P

MT,PZM,QZFE,SXD,TFN,TRB,TRL 

Callan, E. J. and Kennedy, C. W. Tolerance of Stokes Aster to Selected Herbicides. 

GRO,MORSOIL,ENV; 1995; 4, (4): 285-290. 

Rec #: 1010 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,BT,MTL), OK (CRM,FSF,NFZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73964 

Chemical of Concern: ACFNa,BT,CRM,FSF,IMQ,MBZ,MTL,NFZ,TFN,VNT 

Canaday, C. H.; Helsel, D. G., and Wyllie, T. D. Effects of Herbicide-Induced Stress on Root Colonization 

of Soybeans by Macrophomina phaseolina. GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 1986; 70, (9): 863-866. 

Rec #: 460 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,BT,GYPI), OK (ACR,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 106767 

Chemical of Concern: 24DBDMA,ACFNa,ACR,BT,DMDB,GYPI,TFN,VNT 

Ceballos, R.; Palma, G.; Brevis, H.; Ortega, F., and Quiroz, A. Effect of Five Postemergence Herbicides on 

Red Clover Shoot and Root Growth in Greenhouse Studies. GRO,PHY. Departamento de Ciencias 

Quimicas,Universidad de La Frontera,Temuco,Chile//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2004; 85, (3): 153-160. 

Rec #: 1230 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,FTS) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 158809 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,BT,FTS,HFPM,MCPA 

Chachalis, D.; Reddy, K. N., and Elmore, C. D. Characterization of Leaf Surface, Wax Composition, and 

Control of Redvine and Trumpetcreeper with Glyphosate. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2001; 

49, 156-163. 

Rec #: 290 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (ACF,CRM,GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 59375 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,BT,CRM,GYP,IMQ,PTB 

Choate, J.; Wehtje, G., and Bowen, K. L. Interaction of Paraquat-Based Weed Control with ChlorothalonilBased Disease Control in Peanut. PHY,POP. kbowen@acesag.auburn.edu//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1998; 

11, (2): 151-152, 191-195. 

Rec #: 780 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CTN), OK (PAQT,PQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 63773 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,BT,CTN,PAQT,PQT 

Clark, S. A. and Mahanty, H. K. Influence of Herbicides on Growth and Nodulation of White Clover, 

Trifolium repens. BCM,GRO,MORSOIL,ENV; 1991; 23, (8): 725-730. 

Rec #: 730 

Page 123 of 140 
Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (MCPB,PAQT,PZM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 76140 

Chemical of Concern: BT,FZFB,MCPB,PAQT,PZM 

Clay, D. V. The Response of Strawberry to a Range of Foliage Acting Herbicides. GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV; 

1972; 11, 409-416. 

Rec #: 960 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,GYPI,PHMD,PYZ), TARGET2012 (GYPI,PHMD,PYZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 40855 

Chemical of Concern: BMNO,BT,GYPI,MBZ,ODZ,PHMD,PYZ 

Clay, S. A. and Oelke, E. A. Chemical Control of Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) in Wild Rice 

(Zizania palustris). PHY,POPAQUA; 1990; 4, (2): 294-298. 

Rec #: 300 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,DMDP,PPN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 104936 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DMDP,PPN 

Cox, K. G. and Harrington, K. C. Selective Herbicide Strategies for Use in Australian Desmanthus Seed 

Crops. GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 39, (3): 171-181. 

Rec #: 50 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,ATZ,BT,CLT,FTS,GYPI,HXZ,OXF,PDM,PZM,SZ), OK 

(ACR,CPP,CRME,DCPA,DMDP,DQTBr,DU,EPTC,LNR,MCPB,MTL,NFZ,OYZ,PQT,PYZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157094 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DB,ACFNa,ACO,ACR,ASM,ATZ,BMN,BT,CLT,CPP,CRME,CSF,CZE,DCPA,DMDP,DQTBr,DU,EF

S,EPTC,FTS,GYPI,HFPM,HXZ,IMQ,IZT,LNR,MBZ,MCPA,MCPB,MTL,MTZ,NFZ,ODZ,OXF,OYZ,PD

M,PQT,PYD,PYZ,PZM,SZ,TFN,TRB 

Cromack, H. T. H.; Smith, J. M., and Morton, K. Weed Control in New Industrial Oilseed Species. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1997; 2, 845-850. 

Rec #: 60 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,IXB), NO CONC (SZ), OK 

(CPP,DCPA,LNR,PDM,PHMD,PZM,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 165509 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CPP,CPR,DCPA,IXB,LNR,PCH,PDM,PHMD,PZM,SZ,TFN 

Cutulle, M. A.; Armel, G. R.; Brosnan, J. T.; Kopsell, D. A.; Klingeman, W. E.; Flanagan, P. C.; Breeden, 

G. K.; Vargas, J. J.; Koepke-Hill, R., and Holcomb, M. A. Evaluation of Container Ornamental Species 

Tolerance to Three p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-Inhibiting Herbicides. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 

2013; 23, 319-324. 

Rec #: 1380 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (Conazoles,FTF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167058 

Chemical of Concern: BT,Conazoles,FTF 

Da Silva, R. A.; Quintela, E. D.; Mascarin, G. M.; Barrigossi, J. A. F., and Liao, L. M. Compatibility of 

Conventional Agrochemicals Used in Rice Crops with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium 

anisopliae. POP,REPENV,MIXTURE; 2013; 70, (3): 152-160. 

Rec #: 1390 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,GYPI), NO MIXTURE (IZP), OK 

(24D,24DXY,ADC,CYP,FPN,LCYT,MP,MTM,PDM), TARGET2012 (AZX) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167044 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,24DXY,ADC,AZX,BT,CYP,Conazoles,DFC,FPN,GYPI,IAZ,IZP,LCYT,MP,MTM,NNCT,PDM,TFX

,TMX 

Page 124 of 140 
Dann, E. K.; Diers, B. W., and Hammerschmidt, R. Suppression of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean by 

Lactofen Herbicide Treatment. BCM,POP. danne@agric.usyd.edu.au//E.K. Dann, Department of Crop 

Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia//: SOIL,ENV; 1999; 89, (7): 598-602. 

Rec #: 940 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,ALSV,BT,FSF,LCF,MOIL), NO MIXTURE (CRME) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 63792 

Chemical of Concern: ACFNa,ALSV,BT,CRME,FSF,IZT,LCF,MOIL,THFM 

Das, P. K. and Bagchi, S. N. Bentazone and Bromoxynil Induce H+ and H2O2 Accumulation, and Inhibit 

Photosynthetic O2 Evolution in Synechococcous elongatus PCC7942. BCM,PHYAQUA; 2010; 97, 256-

261. 

Rec #: 1340 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,DU) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167045 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,DU 

---. Role of Bacterioferritin Comigratory Protein and Glutathione Peroxidase-Reductase System in 

Promoting Bentazone Tolerance in a Mutant of Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. 

BCM,CEL,POPAQUA; 2012; 249, 65-74. 

Rec #: 1400 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167046 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Dastgheib, F.; Plew, J. N., and Hill, G. D. Chemical Weed Control in Chickpeas. 

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 0, 186-188. 

Rec #: 330 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLT,TBZ), NO MIXTURE (MCPB) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 120308 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CLT,CZE,MBZ,MCPB,TBZ 

De la Broise, D. and Stachowski-Haberkorn, S. Evaluation of the Partial Renewal of In Situ Phytoplankton 

Microcosms and Application to the Impact Assessment of Bentazon and Dimethenamid. BCM,POP. 

Denis.de-labroise@univ-brest.fr//LEMAR, IUEM, UEB, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, rue Dumont 

d'Urville, 29280 Plouzane, France//: AQUA; 2012; 64, (11): 2480-2488. 

Rec #: 1310 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 160601 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DMM 

De Prado, R.; Sanchez, M.; Jorrin, J., and Dominguez, C. Negative Cross-Resistance to Bentazone and 

Pyridate in Atrazine-Resistant Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hybridus Biotypes. 

BCM,MORSOIL,ENV; 1992; 35, (2): 131-136. 

Rec #: 70 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT), OK (ACR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 153967 

Chemical of Concern: ACO,ACR,ATZ,BT,CZE,MCPA,PCH,PYD 

Degenhardt, R. F.; Spaner, D.; Harker, K. N.; McGregor, W. R., and Hall, L. M. Effect of Herbicides on 

Field Violet (Viola arvensis) in Direct-Seeded Spring Wheat. POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 19, 

(2): 359-371. 

Rec #: 420 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (24D,24DXY,DMB,FSM,MCPP1), OK 

(GYP,LNR,MTS) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 120676 

Chemical of Concern: 

Page 125 of 140 
24D,24DXY,BT,CLFP,CPR,DMB,FSM,FXP,GYP,LNR,MBZ,MCPA,MCPP1,MTS,SFS,TBNU,THF 

Dernoeden, P. H. Perennial Ryegrass Control in Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 

1995; 1, (1): 31-47. 

Rec #: 80 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (MTS,PZM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161465 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CSF,DFP,FZF,MTS,PZM 

Derr, J. F.; Chandran, R. S., and Ward, W. D. Preemergence and Postemergence Yellow Nutsedge 

(Cyperus esculentus) Control with MON 12000 in Nursery Crops. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1996; 10, 

(1): 95-99. 

Rec #: 880 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MTL), OK (CRM,GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73806 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CRM,GYP,IMQ,MTL 

Dewitte, K.; Latre, J., and Haesaert, G. Possibilities of Chemical Weed Control in Lupinus albus and 

Lupinus luteus-Screening of Herbicides. CEL,GRO,PHY. University College Ghent, Department of 

Biotechnology, Landscape Architecture and Agriculture, Belgium////: SOIL,ENV; 2006; 71, (3a): 743-751. 

Rec #: 90 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (CTN), OK (CMZ,FSM,GFSNH,IXB,LNR,PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157133 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CMZ,CTN,Conazoles,FSM,GFSNH,IXB,LNR,PDM,TEZ,THFM 

Eriksson, S. Postemergence Herbicides in Swedish Willow Stands. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1988; 15, 

(1): 55-66. 

Rec #: 860 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (TBZ), OK (LNR,PHMD,PPN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 117338 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CZE,LNR,MBZ,PHMD,PPN,TBZ 

Espaillat, J. R.; French, E. C.; Colvin, D. L.; West, S. H., and Meister, C. W. Phytotoxicity Screening of 

Four Post-Emergence Applied Herbicides on Seven Herbs. PHYSOIL,ENV; 1993; 52, 33-39. 

Rec #: 840 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,SZ), OK (DMB,NFZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70611 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DMB,NFZ,SZ 

Evers, G. W.; Grichar, W. J.; Pohler, C. L., and Schubert, A. M. Tolerance of Three Annual Forage 

Legumes to Selected Postemergence Herbicides. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1993; 7, (3): 735-739. 

Rec #: 100 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (24D,24DXY,PZM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161860 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DB,24DXY,BT,IZT,MCPA,PZM 

Frans, R. E. and Blythe, T. O. Herbicide Field Evaluation Trials on Field Crops, 1974. PHY,POP. Dep. 

Agron.,Univ. Arkansas,Fayetteville,AR//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1975; 230, 28 p. 

Rec #: 1290 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,OXF), NO MIXTURE (GYPI), OK 

(ACR,BTY,CPP,DCPA,DMB,DU,LNR,OYZ,PAQT,PDM,PMT,PPZ,PQT,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159677 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DB,ACR,ATZ,BFL,BT,BTL,BTY,CPP,CZE,DCPA,DEE,DFPM,DMB,DU,FMU,GYPI,LNR,MBZ,MS

MA,MTZ,NPM,ODZ,OXF,OYZ,PAQT,PDM,PMT,PPZ,PQT,TFN,VNT 

Page 126 of 140 
Frihauf, J. C.; Stahlman, P. W., and Geier, P. W. Winter Wheat and Weed Response to Postemergence 

Saflufenacil Alone and in Mixtures. CEL,GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2010; 24, 262-268. 

Rec #: 1410 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167047 

Chemical of Concern: BAS800H,BT 

Galhano, V.; Peixoto, F., and Gomes-Laranjo, J. Bentazon Triggers the Promotion of Oxidative Damage in 

the Portuguese Ricefield Cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica: Response of the Antioxidant System. 

BCM. vgalhano@utad.pt//Department of Biology and Environment/Centre for Research and Technology of 

Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013 

- 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal//: AQUA; 2010; 25, (5): 517-526. 

Rec #: 1140 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167072 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Galhano, V.; Peixoto, F.; Gomes-Laranjo, J., and Fernandez-Valiente, E. Comparative Toxicity of 

Bentazon and Molinate on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosynthesis, and Respiration of the 

Portuguese Ricefield Cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. BCM,PHY,POPAQUA; 2010; 25, (2): 147-156. 

Rec #: 1130 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MLT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167073 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MLT 

---. Differential Effects of Bentazon and Molinate on Anabaena cylindrica, an Autochthonous 

Cyanobacterium of Portuguese Rice Field Agro-Ecosystems. BCM,PHY,POPAQUA; 2009; 197, 211-

222. 

Rec #: 1420 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MLT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167048 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MLT 

Galhano, V.; Santos, H.; Oliveira, M. M.; Gomes-Laranjo, J., and Peixoto, F. Changes in Fatty Acid Profile 

and Antioxidant Systems in a Nostoc muscorum Strain Exposed to the Herbicide Bentazon. BCMAQUA; 

2011; 46, 2152-2162. 

Rec #: 1430 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167049 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Gaynor, J. D. and Hamill, A. S. Bentazon Preemergence Activity on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti 

Medic) and Persistence in Southwestern Ontario Soils. GRO,MOR,POPSOIL,ENV; 1983; 63, 1015-1022. 

Rec #: 260 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (ACR), OK (PAQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41019 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,PAQT 

Gilreath, J. P. Chemical Weed Control in Flowering Gladiolus. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1984; 

97, 297-299. 

Rec #: 110 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BS,BT,SZ), NO MIXTURE (ACR,CPP), OK 

(DU,MTL,OXF,OYZ,PDM,PZM,SXD,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161849 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACF,ACR,BS,BT,CPP,DU,EFS,FZFB,MBZ,MTL,NPP,OXF,OYZ,PDM,PEB,PZM,SXD,SZ,TBC 

Page 127 of 140 
Gilreath, J. P. and Harbaugh, B. K. Chemical Weed Control in Caladiums. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1985; 20, (6): 1056-1058. 

Rec #: 340 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,SZ), NO EFFECT (MBCP), OK (ACR,DU,OXF,OYZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70669 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,DU,FZFB,MBCP,MBZ,OXF,OYZ,SZ 

Gilreath, J. P.; Harbaugh, B. K., and Lott, C. S. Chemical Weed Control in Caladiums Grown in Organic 

Soil. GRO,POP. Gulf Coast Res. Educ. Cent.,Univ. Florida, IFAS,Bradenton,FL//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 

1986; 98, 107-110. 

Rec #: 1250 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACFNa,BT,OXF,SZ), OK (ACR,DU,OYZ,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159599 

Chemical of Concern: ACFNa,ACR,BT,DU,EDB,EFS,FZFB,MBZ,NPP,OXF,OYZ,SXD,SZ 

Grichar, W. J. Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). 

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1992; 6, (1): 108-112. 

Rec #: 1110 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (SXD,TFN), OK (ACR,FSF,MTL) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 74011 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACR,BT,FSF,MTL,PYD,SXD,TFN,VNT 

Grichar, W. J.; Besler, B. A., and Brewer, K. D. Citronmelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) Control in 

Texas Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Using Postemergence Herbicides. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2001; 

15, (3): 481-484. 

Rec #: 360 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (SXD), OK (ACF,LCF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 67125 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,BT,IAZ,IZT,LCF,PYD,SXD 

Grichar, W. J.; Evers, G. W.; Besler, B. A., and Jaks, A. J. Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.) Control and 

Forage Legume Tolerance to Selected Postemergence Herbicides. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1996; 

15, (1): 55-62. 

Rec #: 620 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,PZM), OK (DMDP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 114321 

Chemical of Concern: 24DBDMA,BT,DMDB,DMDP,MCPA,PZM 

Grichar, W. J.; Evers, G. W.; Pohler, C. L., and Schubert, A. M. Use of Postemergence Herbicides for 

Weed Control on Clovers. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1987; 4537, 64-66. 

Rec #: 120 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (24D,24DXY,PZM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161961 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DB,24DXY,BT,MCPAI,MCPANa,PZM 

Grossmann, K.; Berghaus, R., and Retzlaff, G. Heterotrophic Plant Cell Suspension Cultures for 

Monitoring Biological Activity in Agrochemical Research. Comparison with Screens Using Algae, 

Germinating Seeds and Whole Plants. POP,REPSOIL,AQUA,ENV; 1992; 35, (3): 283-289. 

Rec #: 710 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED 

(24D,24DXY,ACFNa,ACR,ATZ,BT,CPP,DU,GFSNH,GYP,NFZ,OXF,PAQT,PDM,PHMD,PMT,PPN,SX

D) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 78497 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,24DXY,ACFNa,ACR,ASM,ATZ,BT,CPP,CSF,DBN,DFPM,DU,GFSNH,GYP,IMQ,IZT,MBZ,MCP

A,NFZ,NP,OXF,PAQT,PDM,PHMD,PMT,PPN,SXD 

Page 128 of 140 
Harrington, K. C. and Fakava, V. T. Herbicide Tolerance of Garden Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus). 

GRO,PHY,REP. Plant Sci. Dep.,Massey Univ.,Palmerston North,N. Z//: SOIL,ENV; 1993; 46, 49-52. 

Rec #: 1300 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF,SZ), OK (CPP,DU,OYZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159518 

Chemical of Concern: ASM,BT,CPP,CPR,DU,MBZ,MTZ,ODZ,OXF,OYZ,SZ,TRB 

Harrington, K. C.; Southward, R. C.; Kitchen, K. L., and He, X. Z. Investigation of Herbicides Tolerated by 

Stevia rebaudiana Crops. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2011; 39, (1): 21-33. 

Rec #: 1180 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLT,FTS,PDM,PZM), NO MIXTURE (ACR,DDP,PHMD), OK 

(BMC,LNR,OYZ,PMT,PYZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157121 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACR,ASM,BMC,BT,CLT,DDP,EFS,FTS,FXPM,IZT,LNR,MBZ,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PMT,PYD,PYZ,PZM

,TFN,THFM,TRB 

Harrison, S. and Oliver, L. R. Texas Gourd, a Potentially Serious Weed Problem to Arkansas Producers. 

PHY,POP. Agric. Exp. Stn.,Univ. Arkansas,Fayetteville,AR//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1977; 26, (3): 7. 

Rec #: 1270 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF), OK (ACR,LNR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159679 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACR,BT,LNR,MBZ,ODZ,OXF 

Hartley, M. J. Herbicide Tolerance and Weed Control in Culinary Herbs. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1993; 46, 35-39. 

Rec #: 130 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,SZ), NO MIXTURE (DQT,PAQT), OK 

(DU,LNR,OYZ,PDM,PZM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161883 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DQT,DU,LNR,MBZ,ODZ,OYZ,PAQT,PDM,PZM,SZ,TRB 

Hartzler, R. G. and Foy, C. L. Compatibility of BAS 9052 OH with Acifluorfen and Bentazon. 

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1983; 31, 597-599. 

Rec #: 370 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 25260 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,BT,SXD 

Hawton, D. and Johnson, I. D. G. Weed Control in Peanuts in North Queensland. 

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1981; 21, (109): 218-222. 

Rec #: 1040 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (CTN,MCPB,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 75856 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,BT,CTN,MCPB,TFN,VNT 

Hope III, J. H. Biology, Control and Competition of Spotted Spurge Euphorbia maculata L. in Soybeans. 

POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1982: 63 p. (UMI#8225341). 

Rec #: 270 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,LNR,PDM), OK (ACR,KNO3,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 116813 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,ACR,BT,GIB,KNO3,LNR,MBZ,PDM,TFN,VNT 

Huang, H. C. and Blackshaw, R. E. Influence of Herbicides on the Carpogenic Germination of Sclerotinia 

sclerotiorum Sclerotia. REPSOIL,ENV; 1995; 36, (1): 59-64. 

Rec #: 740 

Page 129 of 140 
Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,GYPI,SZ), OK 

(24D,24DXY,DMB,EMSF,EPTC,LNR,MTL,PHMD,PQT,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70745 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,24DXY,ATZ,BMN,BT,CPR,CZE,DFPM,DFQM,DMB,EFL,EMSF,EPTC,FZFB,FZFP,GYPI,IZT,LN

R,MBZ,MCPAI,MTL,PHMD,PQT,SXD,SZ,TFN,THF,TKY,TRL 

Huckaba, R. M. and Coble, H. D. Effect of Herbicides on Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variablis) in 

Soybeans (Glycine max). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1990; 4, 475-477. 

Rec #: 430 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (ACR,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 71052 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,MBZ,NPM,SXD,TDN,VNT 

Ishaya, D. B.; Dadari, S. A., and Shebayan, J. A. Y. Evaluation of Herbicides for Weed Control in Three 

Varieties of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Nigerian Savannah. 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2007; 26, (10): 1490-1495. 

Rec #: 550 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (24D,24DXY,PPN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 114320 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,ODZ,PPN,PSF 

Ivany, J. A.; Lea, J.; McCully, K. V., and Kunelius, H. T. Herbicide Effect on Growth and Seed Production 

of Lolium multiflorum in Atlantic Canada. PHY,POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2002; 21, (10): 991-

995. 

Rec #: 640 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (DMB), OK (24D,24DXY) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 120486 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BMN,BT,DMB,MCPA,TBNU,THF 

Ivens, G. W. Preliminary Evaluation of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides in 'Maku' Lotus. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 1975; 28, 31-34. 

Rec #: 890 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,PZM), OK (MCPB) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 40783 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ATZ,BT,CZE,MBZ,MCPB,PZM 

Jagschitz, J. A. Use of Activated Charcoal to Nullify the Harmful Effects of Chemicals in Turfgrass. 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1974; 49, 399-409. 

Rec #: 140 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BS,BT,MLH,SZ), OK 

(24D,24DXY,ALSV,BMC,DCPA,DMB,LNR,MCPP1,PAQT,SID) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154340 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,24DXY,ALSV,AMTL,AsO3Na,BFL,BMC,BMN,BS,BT,BTL,CCA,DCPA,DMB,DSMA,EDT,LNR,

MCPP1,MLH,ODZ,PAQT,PCL,SID,SZ 

Johnson, B. J. Purple Nutsedge Control with Bentazon and Perfluidone in Turfgrasses. 

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1975; 23, (5): 349-353. 

Rec #: 900 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41126 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

---. Spotted-Spurge Control in Bermudagrass Golf Greens with Herbicides: A Preliminary Report. 

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1976; 18, 24-25. 

Page 130 of 140 
Rec #: 930 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (24D,24DXY,MCPP1), OK (DMB) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 25166 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,DMB,MBZ,MCPP1,MSMA,MTZ 

---. Winter Annual Weed Control in Dormant Bermudagrass Turf. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1977; 

25, (2): 145-150. 

Rec #: 1090 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (24D,24DXY,CPP,DMB,DPP1,MCPP1), OK 

(GYP,PAQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 29570 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BMN,BT,CPP,DMB,DPP1,GYP,MBZ,MCPP1,MTZ,PAQT 

Jordan, D. L. Interactions of Fenoxaprop-Ethyl with Bensulfuron and Bentazon in Dry-Seeded Rice (Oryza 

sativa). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 9, (4): 724-727. 

Rec #: 790 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,FNPPE) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 63460 

Chemical of Concern: BSFM,BT,FNPPE 

Karimmojeni, H.; Pirbaloti, A. G.; Kudsk, P.; Kanani, V., and Ghafori, A. Influence of Postemergence 

Herbicides on Weed Management in Spring-Sown Linseed. GRO,POP,REPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2013; 

105, (3): 821-826. 

Rec #: 1320 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (DPP2,MCPP2), OK (24D,24DXY) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167061 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BMN,BT,DPP2,MCPA,MCPP2 

Kegode, G. O. and Fronning, B. E. Artemisia biennis (Biennial Wormwood) Control is Influenced by Plant 

Size and Weed Flora at Time of Herbicide Application. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 24, (10): 915-

920. 

Rec #: 1160 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO ENDPOINT (GFS), OK (GYPI) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 155460 

Chemical of Concern: BT,GFS,GYPI 

Kern, A. D.; Meggit, W. F., and Penner, D. Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Kentucky 

Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) with Bentazon, Cyperquat, and Perfluidone. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1978; 

26, 280-283. 

Rec #: 1120 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 30501 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

King, J. M. and Handley, R. P. Post-Emergence Herbicide Experiments in Peas and Dwarf Beans. 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1972; 11, 539-546. 

Rec #: 850 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MCPB,MLNR), NO MIXTURE (MCPB,MLNR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41169 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CZE,MCPB,MLNR 

Kulmi, G. S. Associated Weed Flora and Their Susceptibility to Herbicides in Transplanted Rice. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 1991; 36, (1): 113-116. 

Rec #: 250 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (PDM,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 108903 

Page 131 of 140 
Chemical of Concern: BT,ODZ,PDM,TBC 

Kurtz, M. E. and Neill, S. W. Tolerance of Kenaf to Selected Postemergence Herbicides. GRO,PHY. Delta 

Branch,Mississi i Agric. For. Ex . Stn.,Stoneville,MS//: SOIL,ENV; 1992; 6, (1): 125-128. 

Rec #: 150 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT,CLT), OK (CRM,FSF,LCF,MTS,SMU,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157110 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,BT,CLT,CRM,FSF,FZFP,IAZ,IMQ,IZT,LCF,MSMA,MTS,SMU,SXD 

Lins, R. D.; Colquhoun, J. B.; Cole, C. M., and Mallory-Smith, C. A. Postemergence Small Broomrape 

(Orobanche minor) Control in Red Clover. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 19, (2): 411-415. 

Rec #: 160 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (GYP,PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 156871 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,GYP,IZT,IZX,MCPA,PDM 

Malik, N. Weed Control During Establishment and Yield Response of Timothy (Phleum pratense). 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1990; 4, (3): 598-605. 

Rec #: 170 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,FNP), NO MIXTURE (DMB,MCPP1), OK (MTS,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 158139 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,CSF,DFP,DMB,FNP,MCPA,MCPP1,MTS,SXD,THF 

Mandal, A. R. and Maiti, R. G. Efficacy of Different Herbicides for Weed Control in Fenugreek 

(Trigonella-foenum graecum L.). GRO,POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 1994; 12, (1): 138-142. 

Rec #: 510 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,PDM), OK (PAQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 51854 

Chemical of Concern: BT,PAQT,PDM 

Martensson, A. M. Effects of Agrochemicals and Heavy Metals on Fast-Growing Rhizobia and Their 

Symbiosis with Small-Seeded Legumes. GROSOIL,ENV,TOP; 1992; 24, (5): 435-445. 

Rec #: 450 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MZB), OK (BMY,CuCl,GYP,ZnCl2) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 68711 

Chemical of Concern: BMY,BT,CSF,CuCl,GYP,HgCl,MCPA,MZB,ZnCl2 

McCarty, L. B. and Colvin, D. L. Carpetgrass Response to Postemergence Herbicides. 

PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 5, (3): 563-565. 

Rec #: 280 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,TPR), OK (24D,24DXY,DMB,MCPP1,MTS,SMU,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 110809 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,ASM,ATZ,BT,DFP,DMB,IMQ,MCPP1,MSMA,MTS,SMU,SXD,TPR 

Mehra, S. P.; Sidhu, P. S., and Gill, H. S. Studies on Weed Control in Irrigated Groundnut. 

GRO,POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 1987; 24, (1): 8-14. 

Rec #: 1190 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157199 

Chemical of Concern: BT,ODZ,PDM 

Mengistu, L. W.; Christoffers, M. J., and Lym, R. G. A psbA Mutation in Kochia scoparia (L) Schrad from 

Railroad Rights-of-Way with Resistance to Diuron, Tebuthiuron and Metribuzin. 

GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 61, (11): 1035-1042. 

Rec #: 240 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,GYP,OXF,TET), OK (24D,24DXY,DMB,DU,IZP,SMU) 

Page 132 of 140 
Notes: EcoReference No.: 116117 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,ATZ,BMN,BT,DMB,DU,FXP,GYP,IZP,IZX,MBZ,OXF,SMU,TET 

Mishra, J. S. and Bhan, V. M. Chemical Control of Carrot Grass (Parthenium hysterophorus) and 

Associated Weeds in Soybean (Glycine max). POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 1996; 66, (9): 518-521. 

Rec #: 310 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MTL,OXF), TARGET2012 (ACR,MTL,OXF,PDM), WEEDS 

(ACR,PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73792 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,MTL,ODZ,OXF,PDM 

Mitchell, R. B.; Abernethy, R. J., and McGimpsey, J. A. Herbicide Tolerance of Transplanted Dalmatian 

Sage and Oregano. GRO,MOR,POP. Agresearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, N. Z//: 

SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 48, 327-330. 

Rec #: 670 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,PDM,SZ), OK (DCPA,LNR,OYZ,PMT,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 71310 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DBN,DCPA,LNR,MBZ,OYZ,PDM,PMT,SZ,TFN,TRB 

Moerkerk, M. R. Chemical Control of Bedstraw (Galium tricornutum Dandy) in Wheat, Barley, Field Peas, 

Chickpeas and Faba Beans in Southern Australia. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1999; 14, (1): 24-29. 

Rec #: 320 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,SZ), NO MIXTURE (ATZ), OK 

(CMZ,DMB,DMDP,DU,FMX,FTS,MCPP2,MTSM,SFZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70008 

Chemical of Concern: 

ATZ,BMN,BT,CMZ,CSF,DMB,DMDP,DU,FMX,FTS,FXP,IZT,MBZ,MCPP2,MTSM,PYD,SFZ,SZ,TFN 

Mohamed, A. and Taha, A. A. Herbicide Screening for Economic Production of Snap Beans in the Sudan. 

BCM,POPSOIL,ENV; 1984; 143, 433-437. 

Rec #: 660 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (EPTC,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 44124 

Chemical of Concern: BT,EPTC,TFN 

Moore, J. D. and Banks, P. A. Interactions of Foliarly Applied Herbicides on Three Weed Species in 

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea). GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 39, (4): 614-621. 

Rec #: 800 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACR,BT,LCF,PQT,SAMA) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 96887 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,LCF,NPM,PQT,SAMA 

Moyer, J. R.; Smoliak, S., and Johnston, A. Tolerance of Seedling Cicer Milkvetch to Herbicides. 

MOR,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1979; 59, 1155-1157. 

Rec #: 1000 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,SZ), OK (BTY,DFQ,DMB,DMDP,EPTC,GYP,MCPB,PPN,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41557 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DB,ASM,BMN,BT,BTY,DFPM,DFQ,DMB,DMDP,EPTC,GYP,MCPA,MCPB,PPN,SZ,TFN,TRL 

Mukhopadhyay, S. K. Effects of Herbicides and Insecticides Alone and Their Combinations on Soil 

Microflora. POP. Coll. Agric., Visva-Bharati Univ., Sriniketan, 731236, India//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 

1980; 12, (1): 53-60. 

Rec #: 470 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,SZ), NO MIXTURE (CBF,PRT), OK 

(BTY,LNR,PMT,PPN) 

Page 133 of 140 
Notes: EcoReference No.: 71311 

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BT,BTC,BTY,CBF,LNR,PCH,PMT,PPN,PRT,SZ 

Nielsen, L. W. and Dahllof, I. Direct and Indirect Effects of the Herbicides Glyphosate, Bentazone and 

MCPA on Eelgrass (Zostera marina). BCM,CEL,GRO,POPAQUA,MIXTURE; 2007; 82, (1): 47-54. 

Rec #: 400 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 109342 

Chemical of Concern: BT,GYP,MCPA 

Novo, R. J.; Darre, C. A., and Zumelzu, G. Weed Control in Aloysia polystachya with Pre and Post 

Emergence Herbicides. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1998; 20, (3): 679-682. 

Rec #: 1020 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLT,PDM,SZ), OK (FSF,PAQT,PMT,PQT,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70779 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,CLT,FSF,FZFB,IZT,PAQT,PDM,PMT,PQT,SZ,TFN,TRB 

Okafor, L. I. Chemical Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Irrigated Rice in the Lake Chad Basin, Nigeria. 

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1986; 5, (3): 203-208. 

Rec #: 350 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (PPN,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 108642 

Chemical of Concern: BMN,BT,BTC,ODZ,PPN,TBC 

Oliver, L. R.; Harrison, S. A., and McClelland, M. Germination of Texas Gourd (Cucurbita texana) and Its 

Control in Soybeans (Glycine max). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1983; 31, (5): 700-706. 

Rec #: 610 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF), NO MIXTURE (MFD), OK (ACF,ACR,LNR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 25258 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,ACR,BT,CZE,LNR,MBZ,MFD,ODZ,OXF 

Osuji, G. O. and Braithwaite, C. Signaling by Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Response to Pesticide 

Treatment and Nitrogen Fertilization of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BCM,POP. CARC, Prairie View 

A&M University, Texas 77446, USA. Godson_Osuji@PVAMU.edu//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1999; 47, 

(8): 3332-3344. 

Rec #: 1170 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CBL,CTN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 156436 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CBL,CTN,NHCl 

Pathak, A. K.; Sankaran, S., and De Datta, S. K. Effect of Herbicide and Moisture Level on Rottboellia 

cochinchinensis and Cyperus rotundus in Upland Rice. POPSOIL,ENV; 1989; 35, (3): 311-315. 

Rec #: 1200 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF), OK (24D,24DXY,PDM,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 157046 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,BTC,ODZ,OXF,PDM,TBC 

Peng, G.; Bailey, K. L.; Hinz, H. L., and Byer, K. N. Colletotrichum sp.: A Potential Candidate for 

Biocontrol of Scentless Chamomile (Matricaria perforata) in Western Canada. 

PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2005; 15, (5): 497-511. 

Rec #: 180 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167154 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MBZ 

Perschbacher, P. W.; Stone, N.; Ludwig, G. M., and Guy, C. B. Jr. Evaluation of Effects of Common 

Page 134 of 140 
Aerially-Applied Soybean Herbicides and Propanil on the Plankton Communities of Aquaculture Ponds. 

POPAQUA; 1997; 157, (1-2): 117-122. 

Rec #: 540 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLT,CRME,FSF,GYPI,PPN), OK (CRM,GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 53095 

Chemical of Concern: ACF,ACFNa,BT,CLT,CRM,CRME,FSF,FZF,FZFB,GYP,GYPI,IMQ,PPN 

Rajendran, R. and Kempuchetty, N. Weed Control in Dry-Seeded Lowland Rice. POPAQUA; 1998; 23, 

(1): 28-29. 

Rec #: 1030 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,TBC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 109606 

Chemical of Concern: BT,TBC 

Rao, S. R. Interactions of Mefluidide and Bentazon on Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.). 

ACC,GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1981: 192 p. (UMI #8207835) (Publ in part as EcoRef 115148). 

Rec #: 810 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MFD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 115149 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MFD 

Rao, S. R. and Harger, T. R. Mefluidide-Bentazon Interactions on Soybeans (Glycine max) and Red Rice 

(Oryza sativa). GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1981; 29, (2): 208-212. 

Rec #: 820 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (CBL), OK (MFD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 115148 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CBL,MFD 

Rijckaert, G. and Lepiece, D. Selectivity of Florasulam in 4 Grass Species During the Seed Harvest Year. 

PHY,POP,REPSOIL,ENV; 2001; 66, (2b): 747-752. 

Rec #: 920 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,FSM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 89373 

Chemical of Concern: BT,FSM 

Rivas Pantoja, F.; Castillo Huchim, J., and Ortega Reyes, L. Selectivity of Herbicides and Weed Control in 

the Establishment of Brachiaria brizantha-Leucaena leucocephala Mixtures. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2009; 

47, (4): 339-355. 

Rec #: 1440 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167063 

Chemical of Concern: BT,IZT,MBZ 

Samsoe-Petersen, L. Effects of 67 Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators on the Rove Beetle Aleochara 

bilineata (Col.: Staphylinidae) in the Laboratory. MOR,REPENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 40, (1): 95-104. 

Rec #: 440 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,CQTC,DPP1,MCPP1,MLNR,MTL,SZ), NO MIXTURE 

(MCPP2,PDM), NO PUBL AS (BMC,CBL,DMDP,GFSNH,GYPI,MTSM,PZM,QZFE), OK (DPP2), 

TARGET2012 (CBL) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 63490 

Chemical of Concern: 

ATZ,BMC,BMN,BT,CBL,CQTC,DFPM,DMDP,DPP1,DPP2,EFS,FXP,FZFB,GFSNH,GYPI,MCPA,MCP

P1,MCPP2,MLNR,MTL,MTSM,NAA,NAD,PDM,PYD,PZM,QZFE,SZ,TKY,TSF 

Sanders, P. and Rahman, A. Evaluation of Thifensulfuron for Control of Some Pasture Weeds. 

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1994; 47, 62-67. 

Page 135 of 140 
Rec #: 560 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (24D,24DXY,MCPB) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 77184 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,CPR,MCPA,MCPB,THFM 

Schnelle, M. A. and Hensley, D. L. Effects of Pesticides upon Nitrogen Fixation and Nodulation by Dry 

Bean. GRO,PHY. 368//: SOIL,ENV; 1990; 28, 83-88. 

Rec #: 490 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED 

(ACR,BMY,BT,CBL,CTN,Captan,CuOH,DCF,DCPA,DZ,EPTC,ES,FNV,MLN,Maneb,PNB,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 53973 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACR,BMY,BT,CBL,CTN,Captan,CuOH,DCF,DCPA,DZ,EPTC,ES,FNV,MLN,Maneb,PNB,SXD,TBA,TF

N 

Singh, P. P. and Prasad, R. Studies on Chemical Weed Control in Fodder Cowpea. POP. Dep. Agron.,G. 

B. Pant Univ. Agric. Technol.,Pantnagar,India//: SOIL,ENV; 1987; 32, (3): 280-281. 

Rec #: 1240 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF), OK (ACR,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159699 

Chemical of Concern: ACR,BT,OXF,SXD 

Smith, J. M. and Cromack, H. T. H. Weed Control in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and Coriander 

(Coriandrum sativum). POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1993; 3, 1073-1078. 

Rec #: 190 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,IXB,PZM), OK (CPP,LNR,MTSM,PDM,PHMD,PMT,PYZ,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 161756 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CPP,FXPM,IXB,LNR,MTSM,PCH,PDM,PHMD,PMT,PYZ,PZM,TFN 

Stachler, J. M. Wild Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Management in Continuous No-Tillage Systems. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995: 68 p. (UMI#1376354). 

Rec #: 1080 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,ATZ,BT), OK 

(ACR,CRM,DMB,DMDP,FMCP,FSF,FTS,GYP,LCF,LNR,MTL,PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 116814 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DXY,ACF,ACO,ACR,ATZ,BMN,BT,CPR,CRM,CZE,DBM,DMB,DMDP,DMM,FMCP,FSF,FTS,GYP

,HSF,IMQ,IZT,LCF,LNR,MBZ,MTL,NSF,PDM,PSF,TBNU,THF 

Stachowski-Haberkorn, S.; Quiniou, F.; Nedelec, M.; Robert, R.; Limon, G., and De la Broise, D. In-Situ 

Microcosms, a Tool for Assessment of Pesticide Impacts on Oyster Spat (Crassostrea gigas). 

GRO,MOR,POPAQUA,MIXTURE; 2008; 17, (4): 235-245. 

Rec #: 720 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 111918 

Chemical of Concern: BT,ECZ 

Talbert, R. E. and Hodges, L. Field Evaluation of Herbicides in Vegetable Crops, 1977. 

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1978; 258, 15 p. 

Rec #: 200 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BS,BT,PDM), OK (ACR,CPP,DCPA,EPTC,MTL,PHMD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154363 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACR,BS,BT,BTL,CPP,DCPA,DEE,DFPM,EFL,EPTC,MBZ,MTL,NPM,NPP,PDM,PEB,PHMD,TFN 

Talbert, R. E.; Tierney, M. J.; Burgos, N. R.; Strebe, T. A.; Curless, J. K., and Miesner, J. Field Evaluation 

Page 136 of 140 
of Herbicides on Small Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 1995. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 

1996; 452, 38 p. 

Rec #: 590 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED 

(ACFNa,BT,CMZ,CPP,DDP,DMDP,GFSNH,GYP,IXB,MTL,OXF,OYZ,PHMD,PQT,PRM,SXD), NO 

MIXTURE (DCPA,DU,EPTC,FSF,FTS,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73745 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACFNa,ACO,BT,CMZ,CPP,CPR,CYC,DCPA,DDP,DMDP,DMM,DU,EPTC,FSF,FTS,GFSNH,GSF,GYP

,IXB,IZT,MBZ,MTL,NPP,OXF,OYZ,PHMD,PQT,PRM,SXD,TFN,TPZ 

Talbert, R. E.; Tierney, M. J.; Burgos, N. R.; Strebe, T. A., and Kitt, M. J. Field Evaluation of Herbicides 

on Small Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 1994. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 447, 53 

p. 

Rec #: 600 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED 

(BT,CMZ,CPP,DCPA,DMDP,EPTC,FSF,GFSNH,GYPI,MTL,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PQT,QNC,TFN,TPRT,

Ziram), NO ENDPOINT (DCPA), NO MIXTURE (CLT,DU,FTS,SFZ,SXD) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73916 

Chemical of Concern: 

BT,CLT,CMZ,CPP,CPR,CYC,DCPA,DEE,DMDP,DMM,DU,EFL,EPTC,FSF,FTS,FZP,GFSNH,GYPI,IZ

T,MBZ,MTL,NPP,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PQT,QNC,SFZ,SXD,TFN,TPRT,TPZ,Ziram 

Talbert, R. E.; Wichert, R. A.; Carey III, V. F.; Johnson, D. H.; Ruff, D. F., and Kendig, J. A. Field 

Evaluation of Herbicides on Small Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Crops 1991. 

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1992; 417, 58 p. 

Rec #: 580 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BS,BT,CLT,GFSNH,GYPI,IXB,OXF,PDM), NO CONC (SZ), NO 

EFFECT (ACFNa), NO MIXTURE (ATZ), OK 

(CMZ,CRME,DCPA,DU,EPTC,FSF,MTL,OYZ,PQT,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70759 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACFNa,ATZ,BS,BT,CLT,CMZ,CRME,DCPA,DTP,DU,EFL,EPTC,FSF,GFSNH,GYPI,IMQ,IXB,IZT,M

BZ,MTL,NPM,NPP,OXF,OYZ,PDM,PQT,PYD,SXD,SZ,TFN,TPZ,TRB 

Talbert, R. E.; Wichert, R. A.; McCarty, J. T.; Johnson, D. H.; Ruff, D. F.; Kendig, J. A., and Carey, V. F. 

Field Evaluation of Herbicides on Small Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Crops 1990. 

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 412, 56 p. 

Rec #: 1150 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLT,GFSNH,IXB,OXF,PDM), NO ENDPOINT (ATZ), NO 

MIXTURE (ACF), OK 

(ACR,CMZ,CRME,DCPA,DU,EPTC,FSF,GYPI,LCF,MB,MTL,OYZ,PHMD,PQT,PRM,SXD,TFN), 

TARGET MANUAL (BS), WEEDS MANUAL (BS) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 155813 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACF,ACR,ATZ,BS,BT,CLT,CMZ,CPR,CRME,CYC,DCPA,DEE,DTP,DU,EFL,EPTC,FSF,GFSNH,GYP

I,IAZ,IMQ,IXB,IZT,LCF,MB,MTL,MTZ,NPM,NPP,NSF,OXF,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PQT,PRM,SXD,TFN,

TRB 

Taylor, S. G.; Baltensperger, D. D.; Perry, K. M., and Teem, D. H. Evaluation of Bentazon and Eight Other 

Postemergence Herbicides on Alyceclover (Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.). PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 

1985; 44, 39-43. 

Rec #: 530 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ACF,BT), OK (PAQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 31499 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,BFL,BT,FZFB,MSMA,NPM,PAQT,VNT 

Page 137 of 140 
Teasdale, J. R. and Thimijan, R. W. Influence of Light and Temperature on Bentazon Phytotoxicity to 

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV; 1983; 31, 232-235. 

Rec #: 750 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41128 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Thro, A. M.; Wier, A. T., and Barker, F. G. Weed Potential of the Forage Legume Aeschynomene 

(Aeschynomene americana) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 

1990; 4, (2): 284-290. 

Rec #: 1070 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (24D,24DXY,ACF,BT,CRME,FSF,LCF,LNR,OXF) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 94593 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,ACF,BT,CRME,FSF,IMQ,LCF,LNR,OXF 

Tu, C. M. Influence of Ten Herbicides on Activities of Microorganisms and Enzymes in Soil. 

POPSOIL,ENV; 1993; 51, (1): 30-39. 

Rec #: 760 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,DU,EPTC,MLNR,PPZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 86410 

Chemical of Concern: BT,DFPM,DU,EPTC,MLNR,NTP,PPZ 

Van der Gulik, J. and Springett, J. A. The Effect of Commonly Used Biocides on Slugs. 

MORENV,MIXTURE,ORAL; 1980; 33, 225-229. 

Rec #: 950 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED 

(24D,24DXY,ACR,ALSV,BMY,BT,CAP,CBD,CBL,CPP,Captan,DCPA,DZM,GYP,LNR,MAL,MCB,ML

N,MOIL,MOM,MP,MTM,Maneb,PDMS,PMT,PQT,PRT,PZM,RTN,THM,VCZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 79821 

Chemical of Concern: 

24D,24DXY,ACR,ALSV,AMTL,ASM,BMY,BT,CAP,CBD,CBL,CPP,Captan,CuOCl,DCPA,DDT,DINO,

DZM,GYP,HCCH,LNR,MAL,MBZ,MCB,MCPA,MLN,MOIL,MOM,MP,MTM,MTZ,Maneb,NaClO,PC

H,PDMS,PMT,PPCP,PQT,PRT,PZM,RTN,THM,TPE,TPM,VCZ 

Van Eerd, L. L.; Stephenson, G. R.; Kwiatkowski, J.; Grossmann, K., and Hall, J. C. Physiological and 

Biochemical Characterization of Quinclorac Resistance in a False Cleavers (Galium spurium L.) Biotype. 

ACC,BCM,GRO,MOR. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, 

N1G 2W1 Canada////: SOIL,ENV; 2005; 53, (4): 1144-1151. 

Rec #: 210 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,GFSNH,QNC), OK (DMB,ETL,GYPI,TPR) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154924 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DNH,BT,CPR,DMB,ETL,FXP,GFSNH,GYPI,MCPAD,PCLK,QNC,THF,THFM,TPR 

VanGessel, M. J.; Monks, D. W., and Johnson, Q. R. Herbicides for Potential Use in Lima Bean (Phaseolus 

lunatus) Production. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2000; 14, 279-286. 

Rec #: 700 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CLNS,LCF,SFZ), NO MIXTURE (FTS,MTL) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 59708 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CLNS,FTS,IZT,IZX,LCF,MTL,SFZ 

Vasic, V.; Konstantinovic, B., and Orlovic, S. Application of Post-Emergence Herbicides in the 

Regeneration of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) Forests. GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 2014; 87, 407-415. 

Rec #: 1370 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO EFFECT (GYP) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167066 

Page 138 of 140 
Chemical of Concern: BT,GYP,IZX,NSF,TNM 

Wagner, G. and Nadasy, E. Interaction Between Nutrition and Herbicide Application in Pea Culture. 

BCM,GROSOIL,ENV; 2009; 40, (1): 435-444. 

Rec #: 770 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CMZ,FMX,LNR), NO NUTRIENT (NHN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 116497 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CMZ,FMX,LNR,MBZ,NHN 

Wall, D. A. and Friesen, G. H. Effectiveness of Selective Herbicides for the Control of Annual Weed 

Species in Lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.). PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1991; 10, (6): 496-500. 

Rec #: 220 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (MCPB,SXD), OK (TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167077 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CZE,IZT,MBZ,MCPA,MCPAD,MCPAK,MCPANa,MCPB,SXD,TFN 

Wehtje, G.; Wilcut, J. W., and McGuire, J. A. Influence of Bentazon on the Phytotoxicity of Paraquat to 

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and Associated Weeds. ACC,GRO,POP. Dep. Agron. Soils, Alabama Agric. 

Exp. Stn., Auburn Univ., Ala. 36849//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1992; 40, (1): 90-95. 

Rec #: 1330 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (NaBT), OK (PQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 167078 

Chemical of Concern: NaBT,PQT 

White, A. L. and Boutin, C. Herbicidal Effects on Nontarget Vegetation: Investigating the Limitations of 

Current Pesticide Registration Guidelines. GRO,MOR. National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment 

Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada////: SOIL,ENV; 2007; 26, (12): 2634-2643. 

Rec #: 630 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT), NO EFFECT (Folpet), OK (GYP,GYPI) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 109542 

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BT,Folpet,GYP,GYPI,IZT,MCPAD 

Wiedenhoeft, M. H. and Ciha, A. J. Herbicide Tolerance of White Lupin. GRO,MOR,PHYSOIL,ENV; 

1987; 79, 999-1002. 

Rec #: 680 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT,PZM), NO EFFECT (Captan), OK 

(ACR,DFQ,EPTC,PDM,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 57579 

Chemical of Concern: 

ACR,ATZ,BT,Captan,DFP,DFQ,EFL,EPTC,FZF,MBZ,MCPANa,NPP,PDM,PZM,SXD,TFN,TRL 

Wilfret, G. J. and Burgis, D. S. Weed Control in Petunia, Ageratum, and Gladiolus Grown in Open Fields. 

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 1977; 30, 197-204. 

Rec #: 1050 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), OK (24D,24DXY,EPTC,GYP,PAQT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 25362 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,EPTC,GYP,NPP,PAQT 

Williams, C. N. and Woodroofe, R. B. Rice Herbicide Trials in Brunei. POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1979; 

25, (2): 168-170. 

Rec #: 910 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT), NO MIXTURE (24D,24DXY) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 41839 

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,BT,BTC,BTL 

Williams, M. J. and Colvin, D. L. Herbicide Tolerance and Efficacy During the Establishment Phase of 

Page 139 of 140 
Page 140 of 140 

Leucaena leucocephala Plantings in Florida USA. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 1989; 48, 7-9. 

Rec #: 230 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (ATZ,BT), OK (ACF,NFZ) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154049 

Chemical of Concern: 24DB,ACF,ATZ,BT,CZE,FMU,IMQ,MBZ,NFZ 

Wilson, C. and Whitwell, T. Tolerance of Nineteen Species of Container Grown Landscape Plants to 

Postemergence Applications of Basagran. GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV; 1993; 11, (2): 86-89. 

Rec #: 990 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 72690 

Chemical of Concern: BT 

Wu, J. C.; Xu, J. X.; Liu, J. L.; Yuan, S. Z.; Cheng, J. A., and Heong, K. L. Effects of Herbicides on Rice 

Resistance and on Multiplication and Feeding of Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) 

(Homoptera: Delphacidae). MOR,PHY,POPENV; 2001; 47, (2): 153-159. 

Rec #: 480 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,MTL,OXF,QNC) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 98462 

Chemical of Concern: ACO,BSFM,BT,BTC,MTL,ODZ,OXF,QNC 

Yadav, S. K.; Singh, S. P., and Bhan, V. M. Weed Control in Chickpea. POP. Dep. Agron.,Haryana Agric. 

Univ.,Hissar,India//: SOIL,ENV; 1983; 29, (3): 297-298. 

Rec #: 1260 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,OXF), OK (PDM) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 159682 

Chemical of Concern: BT,MBZ,OXF,PDM 

Yueh, L. Y. and Hensley, D. L. Pesticide Effect on Acetylene Reduction and Nodulation by Soybean and 

Lima Bean. BCM,GROSOIL,ENV; 1993; 118, (1): 73-76. 

Rec #: 830 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,CBL,Captan,DZ,MLN,MOM,Maneb,PMR,PNB,SXD,TFN) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 70497 

Chemical of Concern: BT,CBL,Captan,DZ,MLN,MOM,Maneb,PMR,PNB,SXD,TFN,Zineb 

Zheljazkov, V. D.; Patterson, K.; Parsons, K. J., and Sampson, G. Tolerance of Bare-Root Ornamental 

Perennials to Selected Herbicides. PHYSOIL,ENV; 2007; 87, (2): 439-442. 

Rec #: 970 

Call Number: LITE EVAL CODED (BT,IXB,OXF,PDM,PZM), OK (CRM,LNR,MTL) 

Notes: EcoReference No.: 117944 

Chemical of Concern: 

BT,CRM,DTP,FZFP,IXB,LNR,MBZ,MTL,NPP,NSF,OXF,PDM,PZM,RIM,THF,TRB