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17-2598-cr 

United States v. Levy 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. 

CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS 

PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE 

PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A 

SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST 

CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH 

THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER 

MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the 

Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 

4th day of October, two thousand eighteen. 

 

PRESENT: PETER W. HALL, 

GERARD E. LYNCH, 

Circuit Judges, 

 WILLIAM F. KUNTZ,

 District Judge. *

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Appellee,

v. No. 17-2598-cr 

GEORGE LEVY, 

Defendant-Appellant. 

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FOR APPELLANT: Matthew B. Larsen, Federal Defenders of New York 

Appeals Bureau, New York, New York. 

FOR APPELLEE: Emily Berger and Ian C. Richardson, Assistant United 

States Attorneys, for Richard P. Donoghue, United 

 * Judge William F. Kuntz, of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 

sitting by designation. 
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States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, 

Brooklyn, New York. 

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of 

New York (Weinstein, J.). 

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, 

AND DECREED that the special condition of supervised release whereby the district court 

delegated to the Probation Department the decisionmaking authority to impose a curfew upon 

Defendant-Appellant George Levy is STRICKEN, and the judgment of the district court is 

AFFIRMED in all other respects. 

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts, record of prior proceedings, and 

arguments on appeal, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm. 

Levy pled guilty to one count of unlawful possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, in 

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). The district court accepted Levy’s plea and sentenced him 

to 70 months’ imprisonment and three years’ supervised release. The following discourse 

took place at sentencing: 

THE COURT: You are to have no guns during supervised release, no drugs, 

except by prescription, and nothing to do with criminals. You want anything 

else, Probation? 

MS. MALKO: (No response.) 

THE COURT: Does Probation want any other conditions? 

MS. MALKO: Yes. There’s a search condition. 

THE COURT: They can search you and your house or place of business 

without notice, and you have to give them accurate information when they ask 

for it. You understand? 

THE DEFENDANT: Yes. 

THE COURT: They tell you you have to stay home at a certain hour or curfew, you have 

to obey. You understand? 

THE DEFENDANT: Yes. 
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THE COURT: Anything else? 

MS. MALKO: No, Your Honor. 

MS. EISNER-GRYNBERG: Judge, just to clarify, that search condition would 

require a reasonable suspicion on the part of the probation officer? 

THE COURT: Yes. 

J. App’x at 22 – 23 (emphasis added). The italicized sentence (the “special condition”), which 

forms the basis for this appeal, is not reflected in the written judgment. J. App’x at 24 – 29. 

Levy’s attorney did not object to the special condition at the time of sentencing.1 

“[W]e have employed a ‘relaxed’ form of plain error review in those rare cases in which 

the defendant lacked sufficient prior notice that a particular condition of supervised release 

might be imposed.” United States v. Matta, 777 F.3d 116, 121 (2d Cir. 2015). It is wellestablished in this Circuit that “a district court may not delegate to the Probation Department 

decisionmaking authority which would make a defendant’s liberty itself contingent on a 

probation officer’s exercise of discretion.” Id. at 122; accord United States v. Peterson, 248 F.3d 

79, 85 (2d Cir. 2001). 

The government agrees that “the curfew condition should be vacated,” but argues that the 

condition “is ambiguous,” Gov’t Br. at 7, such that a remand is necessary “for the limited 

purpose of reconsidering the curfew condition as a special condition of supervised release,” 

Id. at 12. But the government reads ambiguity into the district court’s clear statement that 

Levy could be confined if the probation officers decided to impose a curfew. 

 

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 Although the condition is omitted from the written judgment, it is well established that the 

terms of the orally-pronounced sentence, which was imposed on the record in the defendant’s 

presence, is controlling. See United States v. Moyles, 724 F.2d 29, 30 (2d Cir. 1983) (“[A] variance 

between an orally imposed sentence and a commitment order must be controlled by the terms of the 

pronounced sentence.”). 
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Accordingly, we STRIKE the special condition that delegated to the Probation 

Department the decision making authority to impose a curfew upon Levy and AFFIRM the 

judgment of the district court in all other respects. 

FOR THE COURT: 

Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court