# Area -wide acaricides

• Chemicals like carbaryl, cyfluthrin, fulvalinate, permethrin, deltamethrin etc. can give 68- 100% control of nymphal I. scapularis, BUT • Surveys in CT, MA, NJ, NY show most homeowners not willing to use them 

### • Need other options to offer

# Prevention Measures Taken

• Long pants 49.8% • Cleared Brush 48.6% • Tick checks 45.7% • Avoid woods 35.1% • Pesticide on ground 24.4% • Fenced property 23.1% • Tucked pants/sock 18.3% • Repellents/clothes 14.2% • Used woodchip/gravel barrier 11.4% • Vaccine 10.1% • Pesticide on Rodents 9.0%

## ALTERNATIVES TO AREA-WIDE ACARICIDES
• Host Removal • Host Targeted Treatments (Deer & Rodents) 

### • Least Toxic (Soaps, Desiccants, 

## Tree Extracts ) • Fungal Agents 

### • Landscape ManagementInsecticidal Constituents from Alaska Yellow Cedar

( Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)

## Formulation of nootkatone for field trials

• Active Ingredient

– Nootkatone 152 g 

### • Solvent

– d - limonene 75g 

### • Emulsifier

– EZ- Mulse 75g 

### • Delivery Rate

– g/m 2 a.i. = 0.76 % a.i. = 2%Field Trial: NWS Earle, NJ

No. nymphal I. scapularis Days Control Backpack Highpressure PreTreatment 9.4 7.8 10.8 1 14.2 0 (100%)* 0 (100%) 7 21.6 3.2 (82%) 0.4 (98%) 14 20.2 2.6 (84%) 0.4 (98%) 21 14.8 5.8 (53%) 0 (100%) 28 14.8 4.8 (61%) 0 (100%) 35 9.4 4.6 (41%) 0.2 (98%) 42 6.4 1.2 (77%) 0 (100%) *% control of nymphs based on Henderson’s equation; 5 grids for each treatment

# Summary of results

• Natural products such as nootkatone may have a role to play in controlling the vectors of Lyme disease spirochetes • Backpack spray application kills and/or repels ticks that are at the surface of the leaf litter but ticks deeper in the leaf litter column are not killed and begin questing after 1-2 wks • High pressure spray kills virtually all the nymphs on forest plots and provides protection for entire nymphal questing season

## Multiple applications of nootkatone

with backpack Date post treatment Untreated Treated (% Control) Pretreatment 15.8* 12.3 NA 1d 14.2 0 (100%) 7d 17.0 1.2 (91%) 14d** 14.8 2.2 (81%) 21d 16.8 0 (100%) 28d 18.8 0.4 (97%) 35d 12.8 0.4 (96%) 42d 7.4 0.2 (96%) *Mean # ticks on 5 plots; **reapplication after 2 weeksITM Study in NJ: 1. Deltamethrin barrier spray 2. 4- poster acaricides applied to deer 3. Bait box acaricides applied to rodents

### Study area in Millstone, NJ

# Timeline of ITM Study in NJ Method Time period # houses 4- poster (deer) Fall 2003 to

Spring 2006 38 Bait boxes (rodents) Summer 2004

& 2005 13 Barrier spray May 2004 13

### USDA “4- POSTER” DEVICE

CORN BAITED SELF-APPLICATION WITH AMITRAZ

# Control of Nymphal Ticks

Preintvnt 2003 2004 2005 2006 Control Area 1.7 2.0 3.4 10.1 Treatment area 4.1 2.0 1.1 1.4 % Control* NA 58.5% 86.6% 94.3% *Percentage of control calculated by Henderson’s equation

# ITM in NJ: Phase II

• Can we continue the level of control achieved with 3 - pronged approach (barrier spray, 4- poster, bait boxes) with just one method (4- poster)? • Continued 4- poster devices through spring 

### 2007 (barrier spray just performed in 2004, and bait boxes 2004 & 2005)

# ITM: Phase II

Preintrvnt 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Control 1.7 2.0 3.4 10.1 5.3 Treatment 4.1 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.8 % Control NA 58.5 86.6 94.3 85.9

# Future of ITM

• Area -wide acaricides where permitted • Host targeted acaricides (deer and rodents) 

### • Host targeted vaccines • Natural products • Biological control agents (fungal or other) • Must be made practical & economical for wide acceptance