UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D

.C. 20460 

## DEC 08 2011

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT:

FROM:

THRU: BEAD Case Level Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Cypermethrin (109702) andZeta

-Cypermethrin (129064) David Brassard, SeniorEntomologist Donald Atwood, Ph.D., Entomologist Biological Analysis Branch 

# .**~**

# kt**/l;':~..Y** SepebrHaddad, Environmental Protection Specialist 

# 1-,../**~** Science Information and Analysis Branch ElizabethHill, Economist**~** 

# Q) EconomIc AnalYSIS Branch

. Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P)

Diann Sims, Chief Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief

# ~**~** Economic Analysis Branch 

# tAA... Biological and Economic Anal s Division 3P) TO: DanaFriedman, Chemical ReviewManager Risk Management and ImplementationBranch 2 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)

Product Review Panel date: November 9, 2011 INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest management roles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status ofcypermethrin (109702) and zeta-cypermethrin (129064), and eventually the general public.

1This document builds uponthe data alreadyprovided inthe "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also providedto Registration Reviewteams by BEAD. The document is based oninformation and data available

. to BEAD as ofSeptember 15, 2011. Cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin are synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Cypermethrin is a combination of8 stereoisomers withpercentage compositions ranging from 11-14%. Zetacypermethrin is an enriched enantiomerofcypermethrin consisting ofthe 4 stereo isomers at concentration of24% each and the 4 less active stereo isomers at a concentration of 1 % each. The mode ofaction ofcypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin is as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. Itis likely thatthe toxic action ofpyrethroids isprimarily due to theirblocking action on some aspect ofthe synaptic function ofthe nerve axon. Since the analytical methods do not distinguish cypermethrin from zeta-cypermethrin, andthe toxicological endpoints are the same, the Agency's humanhealthrisk assessment and environmental fate assessments considerboth cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin. Agricultural products are restricted use. Residential, commercial, and industrial products are general use (canbe purchased and applied by professional applicators orby residential applicators). The primary agricultural pests controlled with cypermethrininclude: aphids, armyworms, bean leafbeetle, stinkbug (brown and green), plantbug, tarnished plantbug, cutworms, grasshopper, leafhopper, loopers, thrips, bollworm, tobacco budworm, and com earworm. The major agriculturalpests controlled with zeta-cypermethrin include: aphids, armyworms, bean leaf beetle, flea beetle, Japanese beetle, stink bug (brown, green and rice), cutworms, grasshopper, leafhoppers, leafminers, loopers, Asiatic citrus psyllid, thrips, weevils, silverleafwhitefly, wireworms, bollworm, and comearworm. Numerous non-agricultural pests may be controlled with cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin. These include, but are not limitedto: wood infesting insects (i.e. borers and termites), residential/structural pests (Pillbugs, earwigs, fleas, ticks, spiders, flies, beetles, ants, clothes moth, grain moth, carpetbeetle, cockroaches, bedbugs, ants, etc.), and flying insects (wasps and bees). 

### USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites 

### CypermethrinUse Sites

Crop Group Site + Crops Vegetable, root and tuber, group 01 Carrot Vegetable, bulb, group 03 Garlic, leek, onion, shallot Vegetable, leafy, except Brassica, Lettuce (leafand head), spinach, chinese spinach group 04 Vegetable, Brassica leafy, group 05 Broccoli, broccoli raab, chinese broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, mustard spinach, rape greens

2Nut, tree, group 14 Pecan Grain, cereal, group 15 Com Oilseed crop, group 20 Cotton No group name, group 99 Chinese mustard +Cypermethrin is not registered for entire crop group, crop group names are included for hierarchical reference purposes only 

### Zeta-cypermethrin Use Sites

Crop Group Site Crops Vegetable, root andtuber, group 01 Arracacha, arrowroot, artichoke (chinese and jerusalem), beet (garden and sugar), carrot, cassava, celeriac, chayote, chicory, chufa, dasheen, ginseng, horseradish, leren, parsley, parsnip, potato, radish, rutabaga, salsify (black and spanish), skirret, sweet potato, tanier, taro, turnip, yam (true andbean) Vegetable, leaves ofroot andtuber, Garden beet, burdock, cassava, chicory group 02 Vegetable, bulb, group 03 Garlic, leek, onion (bulb and green), shallot Vegetable, leafy, exceptbrassia, group Leafy amaranth, arugula, cardoon, celery, celtuce, chervil, 04 chrysanthemum (edible leaved and garland), com salad, cress (garden andupland), dandelion, dock, endive, .florence fennel, lettuce (head and leaf), orach, parsley, purslane (garden and winter), radicchio, rhubarb, spinach (including Chinese, NewZealand, and vine), swiss chard, tampala Vegetable, brassica leafy, group 05 Broccoli, broccoli raab, chinesebroccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage (includingbokchoy, mustard, and napa), cauliflower, collards, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, mustard spinach, rape greens Vegetable, legume, group 06 Bean (adzuki, broad, dry, kidney, lablab, lima, moth, mung, navy, pinto rice, runner, snap, succulent, tepary, urd, wax, andyardlong), catjang, chickpea, cowpea, guar,jackbean, lentil, lupi, pea (black-eyed, crowder, dry, dwarf, English, garden, green, pigeon, snow, southern, succulent, sugar snap), soybean Vegetable, foliage oflegume, group Soybean, forage 07 Vegetables, fruiting, group 08 Eggplant, groundcherry, okra, pepino, pepper (bell, non-bell, sweet nonbell), tomatillo, tomato Vegetable, cucurbit, group 09 Balsam pear, cantaloupe, chayote, cucumber, chinese cucumber, gherkin, edible gourd, melon, muskmelon, pumpkin, squash (summer and winter), watermelon, Chinese waxgourd Fruit, citrus, group 10 Calamondin, citron, citrus, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, satsuma mandarin, orange (sour and sweet), pummelo, tangelo, tangerine Fruit, pome, group 11 Apple, crabapple, loquat, pear, oriental pear, quince Fruit, stone, group 12 Apricot, cherry (sweet andtart), nectarine, peach, plum,japanese plum, prune Berry and small fruit, group 13 Blackberry, blueberry, currant, elderberry, gooseberry, grape, huckleberry, loganberry, raspberry Nut, tree, group 14 Almond, beechnut, butternut, cashew, chestnut, chinquapin, hazelnut, brazil nut, hickory nut, macadamianut, pecan, walnut



### 3Grain, cereal, group 15 Corn (field, pop, and sweet), millet, wildrice, grain sorghum, triticale, wheat Grain, cereal, forage, fodder and Field corn, grass hay, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat straw, group 16 Grass, forage, fodder and hay, group Bahiagrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass, bluegrass, big bluestem, 17 buffalograss, canary grass (annual and reed), dallisgrass, foxtail (creeping and meadow), rangeland grass, indiangrass, lovegrass, orchardgrass, pangolagrass, pasture, sudangrass, timothy Animal feed, nongrass, group 18 Alfalfa, clover, crownvetch, kudzu, lespedeza, lupin, sweet lupin, sainfoin, trefoil, velvetbean, vetch,milk vetch Herbs and spices, group 19 Borage, chervil, fennel, marigold, mustard, poppy Oilseed crop, group 20 Canola, castorbean, cotton, crambe, flax,jojoba, lesquerella, meadowfoam, rapeseed, safflower, sesame, sunflower No group name, group 99 Asparagus, Chinese mustard, peanut, sugarcane, tea
Non-Agricultural Use Sites Cypennethrin and zeta-cypennethrinmay be used in a wide variety ofnon-agricultural sites including but not limitedto: ornamental plants/greenhouses, kennels/livestockfacilities, residential sites (i.e. homes, hotels, hospitals), structural termiticide treatments, transportation facilities (i.e. railroad, bus, aircraft), and commercial/industrial food storage and/or production facilities, utilityright-of-ways, and sanitation (dumps and sewers).



### COMMONFORMULATIONSAND APPLICATIONMETHODS Cypennethrinis fonnulated aspressurized liquid, wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, soluble concentrate, pressurized liquid, and ready-to-use solution. Zeta-cypennethrin is fonnulated as a dust, granular, impregnated material, emulsifiable concentrate, flowable concentrate, soluble concentrates and as a ready-to-use solution.



### USAGE Agricultural Usage Cypennethrinwas first registered in 1984 byFMC Corporation, which also subsequently registered the isomer enriched zeta-cypennethrin in 1992. The Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Documentfor cypennethrin was signed inJune 2006. Based onprivate market usage data from 1998-2010, usage for cypennethrin averaged approximately 100,000 pounds active ingredient (a.i.) for 1.6 million acres treated. Usage for zeta-cypennethrin averaged approximately 90,000 pounds a.i. for 3.7 million acres treated. Between2005 and 2010, cypennethrin was typically applied one time peryear at a rate of0.06 pounds a.i. per acre, while zeta-cypennethrin was typically applied one time per year at a rate of

40.02 pounds a.i. per acre. Figures 1presents usage inpounds a.i. for both cypermethrin and zetacypermethrin duringthe 1998-2010 timeframe. Usage for cypermethrin remained fairly steady between 1998 and 2003, but usage spiked from 2003 to 2005, and decreased sharply from the peak in 2005 to 2007 where use has remained fairly steady through 2010. The large increase in cypermethrin usage from 2003 to 2005 was due to heavy infestations ofplant bugs, stinkbugs, and cottonbollworms on cottop. Usage for zeta-cypermethrinpeaked in 2002, and remained fairly steady between 2004 and 2010 as shown inFigure 1 (proprietary Data, 1998-2010). 

### FIGURE 1. 

### Cypermethrin & 

### Zeta-Cypermethrin Usage in 

### Pounds Active Ingredient

1998 -2010

<i. III o Z ::) 

### o 0. 250,000 

## -r------------------**~**cypermethrin

_ zeta-cypermethrin

?JCO ?JO) D() D'\. D'" D"'>**~** D" Dfo 

### t$- _t:lCO DO)**~ ~** **~** ",(J**~** ",(J ",(J ",(J ",(J ",(J ",(J ",\oJ ",(J ",() YEARS 

### Source: ProprietaryData, 1998 -2010 Figure 2 presents the top crops for cypermethrin in 1998-2000, as compared to the top crops in 2008-2010, based onpounds ofa.i. used. Average annual use inpounds a.i. applied for the 1998-2000 timeframe was similarto the average annual use in the 2008-2010 timeframe. In 1998-2000, cotton (68%) and lettuce (16%) were the highestuses withpecans, onions, sorghum following with 4% each. The "other" category ofcrops (the remaining 4%) includes garlic, com, broccoli and cauliflower. In2008-2010, the top crops were cotton (57%) and soybeans (19%), followed bypeanuts (10%), pecans (8%), and the "other" category ofcrops (6%) which include cabbage, sorghum, garlic, rice, onion and lettuce. Use on lettuce has fallen in absolute terms from its high in 1998 to almostno use in 2010, while use onpeanuts and pecans have increased in absolute terms from 1998 to 2010. Cottonuse inpounds a.i. applied has fallen slightly in absolute terms between the two time periods. (Proprietary Data, 1998-2010).



### 5

### FIGURE 2. Comparison ofUse on Top Crops for Cypermethrin (1998-2000 vs. 2008-2010)

Sorghum

(Milo)

4% 

### 1998-2000



### ------ Average (1998-2000) 77,000 Ibs. a.i 

### Source: ProprietaryData, 1998-2010 2008-2010

Average (2008-2010) 76,000 Ibs. a.i

Figure 3 presents the top crops for zeta-cypennethrin in 1998-2000, as compared to the top crops in 2008-2010, based onpounds a.i. used. Average annual use inpounds a.i. applied for the 1998-2000timeframe was much lower thanthe average annual use inthe 2008-2010 timeframe. In 1998-2000, cotton (87%) and lettuce (7%) were the top crops followed by onions and pecans at 3% each. In 2008-2010, soybeans (22%), oranges (13%) and lettuce (9%) were the top crops followed byalfalfa, com, and cotton, all at 8%. The "other" category accounted for 22% ofthe remaining use and include over 30 crops but sugar beets, winter wheat, dry beans and peas, grapefruit and onions make up the majority ofthe other crops usage (Proprietary Data, 1998- 2010).



### 6FIGURE 3. Comparison ofUse onTop Crops forZeta-Cypermethrin (1998-2000 vs. 2008- 2010) 1998-2000 2008-2010 SweetCorn

Average (1998-2000) 43,000 Ibs. a.i Average (2008-2010) 108,000 Ibs a.i. Source: ProprietaryData, 1998-2010 Use ofzeta-cypermethrin on oranges has increased specifically inthe 2009-2010 timeframe from almost no use before 2009 due to the registration ofzeta-cypermethrin on oranges in 2008. Use on soybeans in pounds a.i. has increased in absolute terms from 2004 through 2010 withthe highestuse in 2009. Lettuce use inpounds a.i. has increased in absolute terms from 1998 through 2010 withhighestuse on lettuce in 2005. Cotton use inpounds a.i. has decreased in absolute terms between the two time periods as shown above. Figure 4 presents the states withthe highestpounds a.i. used for cypermethrin from 1998-2000, as comparedto the states withthe highestpounds a.i. used from 2008-2010. In 1998-2000, Georgia was the state withthe highest use (20%), followed byTexas (19%), California (14%), and Louisiana (12%). Other states (18%) include Arkansas, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Missouri. In 2008-2010, the state with the highest use was again Georgia (27%), followed by Louisiana (20%), and Mississippi (16%), and the "other" states accounted for (10%) and included South andNorth Carolina, Florida, California, and Missouri.

7

### FIGURE 4. Comparison ofStateswith HighestUse for Cypermethrin (1998-2000 vs. 2008- 2010) 1998-2000 MISSISSIPPI



### Source: ProprietaryData, 1998-2010 TENNESSEE 5%

6% TeXAS

6% 

### 2008-2010

Figure 5 presents the states withthe highestpounds a.i. used for zeta-cypermethrin from 1998- 2000, as comparedto the states withthe highestpounds a.i. used from 2008-2010. Arkansas was the state with the highest use (21%) followed by Missouri (16%), and Texas (11%), withthe "other" states (26%) being Louisiana, California, Arizona, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Florida. In 2008-2010, Florida (18%) was the state withthe highest use, followed by California (12%), and Missouri, Illinois, and Texas each at 6%. The "other" states accounted for 33% ofuse and included Iowa, Minnesota, Arkansas, Montana, Tennessee, Washington, and Indiana.

8

### FIGURE 5. Comparison ofStates with HighestUse for Zeta-Cypermethrin (1998-2000 vs. 2008-2010) 1998-2000

9% 

### Source: ProprietaryData, 1998-2010 Non-Agricultural Usage NORTH CAROLINA 

### 2008-2010

3% NEBRASKAARIZONA 4% 4% 6% 5%

Interms ofnon-agricultural usage, data are available only for cypermethrinusage bypest control operators and lawn care operators, and for uses such as landscape, nursery/greenhouse, and food handling establishments. Generally, overthe reported years (2000 through 2008), the majority of use was bypest control operators whichused more than 500,000 pounds a.i. in 2000, and more than 400,000 pounds a.i. in 2003, which is substantially more use than the agricultural use of cypermethrin. Useby lawn care operators was approximately 11,000pounds a.i. in2006, while food handling establishments used approximately 3,000 pounds a.i. in 2005, and close to 4,000 pounds a.i. in 2008 (Kline & Co., Inc. 2000-2008) 

### BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO CVPERMETHRIN & 

### ZETACYPERMETHRIN There are no reports ofresistance, planthealth claims, orpublic health issues associated with either cypermethrin or zeta-cypermethrin.



### HISTORY OFBEAD ASSESSMENTS FORCYPERMETHRIN & 

### ZETACYPERMETHRIN According to the BEAD Official Records Database, there have beenno previous cypermethrin assessments conducted by BEAD, nor does the EPA Section 18 Action Database indicate that any requests have been made to the agency. BEAD has reviewed multiple zeta-cypermethrin emergency exemptions for grasshopper control inNorth Dakota, including a reoccurring emergency request for use on flax and single-year requests for use on mustard, pasturegrass, and rangeland. Emergency requests have also been


### 9made byTexas for the control ofDiaprepes root weevil in· commercial and residential citrus groves. Since these requests, zeta-cypermethrin has beenregistered for use on all ofthese crops (i.e., citrus, flax, mustard, andpasture grass andrangeland). BEAD concludes thatthese registrations are an indication ofthe importance ofzeta-cypermethrin for pestcontrol onthese crops. Theregistration ofzeta-cypermethrin for use on oranges in2008 appears to be of particular importance, withthis use accounting for 13% oftotalpounds a.i. applied from 2008 to 2010 (see Figure 3). Refer to Attachment 1 for an overviewofEPAzeta-cypermethrin emergency exemptionrecords (EPA, 2011; BEAD Official Records).



### DATA NEEDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'S FUTURE WORK ON CYPERMETHRIN & 

### ZETA-CYPERMETHRIN Obtaining additional information onthe use andusage ofcypermethrin inkennels andlivestock facilities would improve future BEAD assessments ofthe importance ofcypermethrin & zetacypermethrin and maybe required as part ofthe registrationreview ofthis pesticide.


### REFERENCES 1998-2010, Proprietary Data EPA. 2011. Section 18 Actions. Accessed July 12,2011 Online: http://cilmbl.epa.gov/oppref/section18/search.cfm Kline & Co., Inc. 2000-2008

10

### ATTACHMENT 1 TableA-I: History ofSection 18 Requests for Zeta-CypermethrinLocated in the EPA Section 18 Action Database BEAD Official Received Response DP Barcode Site Pest Applicant Date Date Status Number No record ofa BEAD assessment CITRUS GROVES CRISIS being (COMMERCIAL) DIAPREPES TEXAS 4/25/2007 4/25/2007 APPROVED conducted DIAPREPES CITRUS TREES ROOT WITH- (RESIDENTIAL) WEEVIL TEXAS 3/14/2007 4/25/2007 DRAWN 338303 No record ofa BEAD assessment GRASSHOPP NORTH being FLAX ER DAKOTA 5/7/2007 5/15/2007 ISSUED conducted Source: EPA (2011); BEAD OfficIal Records.



### TableA-2: Section 18 Assessments in BEAD OfficialRecords DatabaseforZetaC th· N t R d d· th EPA A ti 

### D t b

;yperme rm 0 

### ecor e m e c on a a ase
Document BEAD Official DP Site Pest Applicant Date Barcode Number FLAX GRASSHOPPERS NORTH DAKOTA 6/6/2002 284857 FLAX GRASSHOPPERS NORTH DAKOTA 8/19/2003 291406 FLAX GRASSHOPPERS NORTH DAKOTA 6/18/2004 303169 FLAX GRASSHOPPERS NORTH DAKOTA 6/18/2005 3432N-0 MUSTARD GRASSHOPPERS NORTH DAKOTA 7/13/2004 304220 PASTUREGRASS AND RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS ARKANSAS 5/27/2004 302020 Source: EPA (2011); BEAD Official Records.



### 11