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Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for the 

Registration of Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel

Silicon Dioxide

CAS Registry Number 7631-86-9

PC Code 072605

Silica Gel

CAS Registry Number 63231-67-4

PC Code 072602

Prepared by:

Brian D. Kiernan, Biologist, ERB VI

William P. Eckel, Ph.D, Senior Science Advisor, ERB VI

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch IV

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington DC 20460

Reviewed by:

Elizabeth Riley, Biologist ERB VI

Mark Corbin, Branch Chief, ERB VI

January 16, 2013

D393658
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Table of Contents

I. Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 3

II. Problem Formulation............................................................................................... 4

A. Nature of Regulatory Action................................................................................ 4

B. Stressor Source and Distribution.......................................................................... 5

C. Receptors.............................................................................................................. 7

D. Assessment Endpoints.......................................................................................... 8

E. Conceptual Model ............................................................................................. 10

III. Risk Characterization.................................................................................................. 11

A. Risk Description...................................................................................................... 11

B. Endangered Species Considerations......................................................................... 13

IV. Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 15

Appendix A. Registered uses for silicon dioxide and silica gel. ...................................... 20

Appendix B. Listed Arthropods in the US....................................................................... 94
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I. Executive Summary

Silica gel and silicon dioxide are insecticides/acaricides undergoing Registration Review. 

Only silicon dioxide (as diatomaceous earth) has registered outdoor uses. Both silicon 

dioxide and silica gel are biogenic amorphous forms of silica generally derived from 

diatomaceous earth (DE) deposits. Silicon dioxide is ubiquitous in the natural 

environment and a major component of most soils. While much of the silica in soils is 

the crystalline form (which does not have insecticidal properties), most soils contain 2-

3% amorphous silica, including some portion from diatoms. DE may be applied across a 

variety of use sites (e.g. field crops, commercial turf, homeowner) as a dust or wettable 

powder (when combined with pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide (PBO)). Although DE 

is applied as a particulate of generally uniform size and may be moved off-site through 

wind action, it is unlikely to maintain sufficient concentration and purity to maintain its 

insecticidal properties as a result of off-site transport. Given that the majority of uses 

utilize hand or electric puffer dusters, movement of efficacious DE off the target area is 

expected to be minimal. Runoff from the target area is expected to be dominated by 

naturally occurring silicon dioxide. 

There are little toxicity data for silicon dioxide, although silica is classified as practically 

nontoxic to birds and mammals. The EPA has exempted silica from tolerance 

requirements and the US Food and Drug Agency has determined silica to be ‘generally 

recognized as safe’ or GRAS. The aquatic exposure pathway is thought to be dominated 

by naturally occurring silica, and the mode of action is irrelevant in aquatic systems. 

Therefore, an aquatic assessment is not being conducted. EFED is conducting a 

qualitative terrestrial assessment for DE (i.e., RQs are not calculated). Species affected 

by application of DE are expected to be terrestrial arthropods on the treated area; soil 

dwelling and soil-adapted species may be less affected due to dilution of DE with silica 

in the environment. 

There are 77 listed insects and arachnids; 18 of which are listed as ‘subterraneous’ 

(including 11 of the 12 arachnids) in the LOCATES database. Therefore, direct affects to 

listed species are currently expected to be limited to no more than 59 insect species. 

Indirect effects may occur to listed and nonlisted terrestrial insectivorous birds, 

amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates and mammals that prey on susceptible insect 

populations on the use sites. Additionally, there could be indirect effects to plant species 

dependent on affected populations of insects for pollination; however, because the 

affected populations are expected to be limited to the target area, it is unlikely that listed 

plant species would affected.

Table 1. Potential Adverse Effects to Federally Listed Taxa Associated with Direct 

or Indirect Effects from the Current Uses of Diatomaceous Earth.

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effectsa

Terrestrial Invertebrates Uncertainb Uncertainc

Terrestrial plants - monocots No effect No effect

Terrestrial plants - dicots No effect No effect
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Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effectsa

Birds No effect Uncertainc

Terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles No effect Uncertainc

Mammals No effect Uncertainc

Aquatic nonvascular plants No effect No effect

Aquatic vascular plants No effect No effect

Freshwater fish No effect No effect

Aquatic-phase amphibians No effect No effect

Freshwater invertebrates No effect No effect

Marine/estuarine fish No effect No effect

Marine/estuarine invertebrates No effect No effect

aUntil a detailed endangered species assessment is complete, indirect effects to species cannot be precluded, 

i.e. whether there are relationships between the directly affected invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates

(inverts as food source).

b

Further evaluation of specific life history characteristics of listed terrestrial invertebrates, including the 

potential for overlap between listed terrestrial invertebrates and silica use sites is needed to reduce to 

reduce the uncertainty associated with the final effects determination. 

cThe potential for indirect effects to listed birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, and mammals 

that have an obligate relationship with terrestrial invertebrates is possible. Further evaluation of the 

potential for obligate relationships between insectivorous taxa and terrestrial invertebrates is needed to 

reduce the uncertainty associated with the final effects determination.

II. Problem Formulation

The purpose of this problem formulation is to provide the foundation for the ecological 

risk assessment being conducted for silicon dioxide (PC Code 072605) and silica gel (PC 

Code 072602), both derived from DE. As such, it articulates the purpose and objectives 

of the risk assessment, evaluates the nature of the problem, and provides a plan for 

analyzing the data and characterizing the risk (EPA, 1998). 

Silicon dioxide, generally known as silica, is the same chemical composition found in 

quartz, sand and glass. The active ingredient in this assessment is DE, an amorphous 

form of silica that has unique attributes that instill insecticidal properties when applied in 

a pure form of sufficient concentration. Silica gel, which has no outdoor uses, is a form 

of silicon dioxide made by the gelation of sodium silicate and sulfuric acid. There is a 

low probability that these active ingredients, silica and silica gel, would react chemically 

to any great extent with any natural substances in the environment. The insecticidal 

mode of action is physical (dessication) rather than toxicological. Silica is classified by 

the FDA as a ‘generally recognized as safe’ or GRAS compound, and the EPA has 

exempted silica from tolerance requirements. The risk assessment provides a qualitative 

assessment of the potential adverse effects from the registered outdoor uses of silica.

A. Nature of Regulatory Action

This risk assessment builds on the Environmental Fate and Effects Division’s (EFED) 

Problem Formulation for the Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) of Silicon 

Dioxide and Silica Gel. These chemicals belong to the same Case Number (4081). A 
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previous Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) risk assessment was completed in 

1991, which also serves as a basis for this assessment. At the time, it was concluded that

silicon dioxide and silica gel do not pose unreasonable risks to the environment, 

including non-target organisms, at labeled use rates because they are chemically 

unreactive in the environment, occur naturally in various forms and are practically nontoxic to non-target organisms.

B. Stressor Source and Distribution

 1. Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Anhydrous silicon dioxide (SiO2) has a molecular weight of 60.1 g/mole. Crystalline 

silicon dioxide has the same structure as diamond, with oxygen and silica substituting for 

carbon. In the figure below (Figure 1), a part of the structure is depicted, which is 

extended in three dimensions.

Figure 1. Covalent Structure of Silicon Dioxide

DE, an amorphous (biogenic) form of silica (SiO2+nH2O), consists of siliceous frustules 

and fragments of various species of diatoms mined from the beds of former lakes and 

oceans. As mined, diatomaceous earth DE contains 50% or more moisture; of the solids 

86–94% is silica, the remainder being chiefly alumina and alkalies from clay. The only 

change to DE during processing is the reduction in the moisture content and mean 

aggregate particle size. Moisture is reduced to 2–6% and milling reduces particle size to 

between 0.5 and 100 μm with the majority between 10 and 50 μm. (Karunic 1998). 

Amorphous forms of silicon dioxide have a varying molecular weight, depending upon 

the extent of hydration. Neither silicon dioxide nor silica gel are soluble in water to any 

great extent, although amorphous forms of silicon dioxide are more soluble than 

crystalline forms (Wilding et al., 1977). Table 2 provides some basic characteristics of 

silicon dioxide and silica gel.

Table 2. Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Common name Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel

Chemical name Silicon dioxide

Pesticide type Acaricide, Insecticide
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Table 2. Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Common name Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel

Chemical class Desiccant

CAS number 7631-86-9 for silicon dioxide and 63231-67-4 for silica gel+

Empirical formula SiO2

Molecular mass 60.0848 g/mol for anhydrous silicon dioxide

Vapor pressure Approximately 0 mm Hg

Henry’s Law Constant NA

Solubility in water Rather poorly soluble in water although solubility is higher for 

the amorphous than for the crystalline morphologies. Solubility 

increases with temperature and pH and is affected by the 

presence of trace metals. Particle size influences the rate of 

solubility.

Solubility Not soluble in any ordinary organic solvent; amorphous is 

soluble in alkalies, especially when finely divided; Silicon 

dioxide is soluble in hydrofluoric acid, may also dissolve in 

concentrated phosphoric acid.

Log Kow NA

Melting point 3110°C

Boiling point 4046°C

Density 2.2 g/cm3at 25°C

Bulk Density 10-20 lb/ft3

pKa/pKb NA

pH The pH of the aqueous suspension of silica gel

can range from 2.3 to 7

NA=Not Available; Sources HSDB (web) and RED Silicon Dioxide & Silica Gel, 1991 (product chemistry).

+According to HSDB, the new CAS nos. for amorphous silica (112945-52-5); precipitated silica, including silica 

gel (112926-00-8); and, diatomaceous earth (uncalcined) (61790-53-2).

DE acts as an insecticide in its various formulations, either alone or with 

pyrethrins/pyrethroids and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. The mode of action of DE is 

the abrasion and absorption of oils from the insect exoskeleton, leading to death by 

dehydration (Korunic et al., 2005). Insecticidal DE needs to be in a relatively pure form 

in order to work. Amorphous silica is often utilized as a desiccant since it has the ability 

to remove large amounts of water from its environment. It is unlikely that silicon dioxide 

and silica gel would react chemically with any natural substances in the environment to 

any great extent.

Silica, in general, is ubiquitous in soil, with the primary source being weathering of 

silicate minerals in bedrock (crystalline silica). Soil dwelling organisms are naturally 

adapted to this form of silica. Crystalline silica does not share the mode of action of DE 

(amorphous silica), due to its structure and since it is mixed with many soil components 

(clay, water, organic matter) that limit its ability to absorb insect exoskeletal oils. DE is 

expected to lose its insecticidal properties when it becomes mixed with soil particles and 

environmental moisture. Thus off-site ecological effects will be limited to times and 

distances before DE formulations lose their original properties and become part of the 
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silica in the soil matrix and are expected to be limited to the target area.

2. Overview of Pesticide Usage

Both DE and silica gel (from DE) are acaricides/insecticides with a desiccant mode of 

action. These active ingredients, used as pesticides, are generally white powders at room 

temperature which melt to a glassy consistency at high temperatures. There are 

approximately 30 products containing DE with indoors uses, domestic dwellings, eating 

establishments, food stores/ markets and premises, hospitals, plant processing premises, 

grain storage or uses with limited exposure to wildlife. Indoor uses of DE are not 

considered further in this assessment, due to the lack of exposure.

The end use products which contain DE as the sole active ingredient are formulated as as 

dusts or wettable powder. Some products are formulated in combination with other 

actives (e.g. pyrethrins and PBO). They are generally applied by a hand held or power 

dusters. Many products are co-formulated with pyrethrins/pyrethroids and PBO. The 

manufacturing use product contains DE as the sole active ingredient. 

There are at least 24 products with outdoors uses containing DE as the active ingredient. 

They may be used on grasses, lawns and turf, including golf courses, vegetable crops, 

ornamentals, birdseed, herbs and spices, specialty crops, field grain crops, fruits, nuts, 

vine crops and oriental vegetables. Other outdoor use sites may include barns and 

industrial areas. Some products are co-formulated with pyrethrins (and PBO), and are 

applied either as a wettable powder or as a dust when plants are wet or dew still remains 

on the leaf surface. When applied as dust, some labels recommend that the plants be 

misted prior to application. There is a DE product that may be applied by fixed wing 

aircraft in “Unspecified field crops”, but the application rate is limited to 0.625 lbs/A and 

is thought to be a pesticide carrier rather than an efficacious application rate (Korunic, 

1998). The highest broadcast rate is 83 lbs ai/A, though higher per acre rates are 

permissible for highly localized uses (e.g. crack and crevice). Given the application 

methods (e.g. hand puffer dusters), it is not clear how often an entire acre would be 

treated at a time; additional information in this regard could reduce this uncertainty. For 

a complete summary of the assessed uses and associated application rates, see Appendix 

A.

 

C. Receptors

1. Terrestrial Effects

The receptor is the biological entity that is exposed to the stressor (EPA, 1998.) Due to 

the outdoor uses of silicon dioxide, the types of receptors that could potentially be 

exposed to DE include terrestrial receptors, such as birds, reptiles, mammals and nontarget invertebrates. However, for silicon dioxide, because of the physical and chemical 

properties, the exposure to off-target organisms is expected to be minimal.
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The process described in the Overview Document (EPA, 2004) uses a surrogate species 

approach to risk assessment. In this approach, toxicological data generated from 

surrogate test species, which are intended to be representative of broad taxonomic groups, 

are used to extrapolate to potential effects on a variety of species (receptors) included 

under these taxonomic groupings. 

For silica, because of its low toxicity to most organisms and its physical (rather than 

biochemical) mode of action, the receptors of interest for these products are the nontarget 

terrestrial insects and other arthropods that may be affected by the label-directed uses.

 2. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk 

The ecosystems at risk are often extensive in scope, and as a result it may not be possible 

to identify specific ecosystems during the development of a baseline risk assessment. 

However, because the receptors of concern are identified as nontarget insects and other 

arthropods, terrestrial ecosystems potentially at risk due to the use of DE include the 

treated areas. Due to the physical properties of insecticidally active DE and the 

application methods, efficacious off-target movement is expected to be minimal. As 

mentioned earlier, DE may be used on grasses, lawns and turf, including golf courses, 

vegetable crops, ornamentals, herbs and spices, specialty crops, field grain crops, fruits, 

nuts, vine crops and oriental vegetables. It may also be used for mosquito control via 

aerial or ground methods of application to protect agricultural workers in croplands

(unspecified field crops at minimal application rates); however, these broadcast 

application methods only include a small amount of DE (relative to other application 

methods) and DE is thought to be carrier for pyrethins rather than insecticidal in its own 

right at such low application rates (0.62 lbs/A). 

Aquatic ecosystems are not expected to be at risk due to the use of DE. Although DE 

products are produced using mined diatom deposits of ancient origin, contemporary 

diatoms are abundant in most aquatic ecosystems (Korunic, 1998). Although water flow 

and erosion transport may introduce applied silica to water bodies adjacent to, or 

downstream from, the treated area, the amount of applied silicon dioxide is expected to 

be minor relative to the amount included in such flows from native soils and from that 

already present in aquatic habitats. Additionally, the dehydration mode of action is not 

relevant in aquatic systems. Therefore, use is not expected to result in adverse exposure 

to aquatic ecosystems. 

D. Assessment Endpoints

Assessment endpoints are defined as “explicit expressions of the actual environmental 

value that is to be protected.” Defining an assessment endpoint involves two steps: 1) 

identifying the valued attributes of the environment that are considered to be at risk; and 

2) operationally defining the assessment endpoint in terms of an ecological entity (i.e., a 

community of fish and aquatic invertebrates) and its attributes (i.e., survival and 

reproduction). Therefore, selection of the assessment endpoints is based on valued 

entities (i.e., ecological receptors), the ecosystems potentially at risk, the migration 
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pathways of pesticides, and the routes by which ecological receptors are exposed to 

pesticide-related contamination. The selection of clearly defined assessment endpoints is 

important because they provide direction and boundaries in the risk assessment for 

addressing risk management issues of concern. Changes to assessment endpoints are 

typically estimated from the available toxicity studies, which are used as the measures of 

effects to characterize potential ecological risks associated with exposure to pesticides, 

such as silicon dioxide and silica gel.

Previously, all data requirements for ecological studies have been waived. However, one 

acute avian study with bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) has been submitted (MRID 

48174802) by the registrants, resulting in an LD50>2250 mg ai/kg-bw for silica gel, 

making it practically nontoxic to avian species. Additionally, a 63-day subacute oral 

study on the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) reportedly resulted in no effect on body 

weights at 6 mg ai/kg-bw/day (Dow Corning 1994). No other acute or chronic toxicity

data from studies by pesticide registrants have been submitted. 

A silicon dioxide oral rat LD50=3,160 mg/g value from an open literature study (NIOSH 

1977) was reported in the 1991 RED. This classifies silicon dioxide as practically nontoxic. A complete ECOTOX search was performed in December 2011 by the Agency’s 

Office of Research and Development (ORD) in Duluth, MN. The ECOTOX database 

employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, 

terrestrial plants and wildlife. The public database is available at

http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/. One aquatic animal study (Canesi et al., 2010) , reported

that a single silicon dioxide concentration of 4.97 mg/L had no effect on mortality of

Mytilus galloprovincialis, the Mediterranean mussel. Two papers regarding the toxicity 

of silicon dioxide on terrestrial animals were identified. Kaplan et al., 2011, reported no 

effect on mortality of the house mouse (Mus musculus) at 665 mg/kg-bw, the highest 

concentration tested. Pluskota et al., 2009 reported no effect on reproduction of the 

nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at 2.5 mg/L-soil, the only concentration tested. 

Additionally, Dow, 1994, reported no effect on the body weight of Norway rat over 63 

days at a single concentration of 6 mg/kg-diet. A single paper, Lee et al., 2010 reported 

that silicon dioxide had no effect on plant growth (Arabidopsis thaliana) at 18 days at a

single test concentration of 3,984 mg/L-soil. All of the available open literature data are 

based on single concentration testing, can only be used qualitatively, and none indicate 

any toxicity from exposure to silicates.

Incident Reports: 

The Agency’s Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS), accessed on May 16, 2012, 

contains a single incident for silica gel (I001297-011). In Texas, in 1994, six fish were 

reported killed from ‘possible’ exposure to silica gel from ‘intentional misuse’. There are 

no registered outdoor uses of silica gel and incident details are unknown. It is possible 

the product contained a pyrethroid and PBO which might have contributed to the 

incident; however, this is also unknown.
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There are no reports of damage or adverse effects to non-target organisms attributed to 

the use of or silicon dioxide. No incidents of contamination of surface, ground and 

drinking water have been reported to the Agency. 

A search of the Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS; 

http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/toxins/aims/aims/index.cfm) was conducted 

on May 16, 2012. AIMS is a database administered by the American Bird Conservancy 

that contains publicly available data on reported avian incidents involving pesticides. No 

incidents involving silica gel or silicon dioxide were found. 

Pesticide registrants report certain types of incidents to the Agency as aggregate counts of 

incidents occurring per product per quarter. No aggregated incidents were identified in 

the aggregate database as of May 16, 2012.

A lack of reported incidents does not necessarily mean that such incidents have not 

occurred. In addition, incident reports for non-target plants and animals typically provide 

information on mortality events only. Reports for other adverse effects, such as reduced 

growth or impaired reproduction, are rarely received.

E. Conceptual Model

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in 

biologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a 

pesticide moves in the environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an 

ecological pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, an 

environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, and a 

feasible route of exposure.

As previously discussed, the only route of exposure considered insecticidally relevant for 

DE is direct application to the target area. Potential for efficacious off site transport is 

considered minimal. 

 1. Risk Hypothesis

For silica gel and silicon dioxide, the following ecological risk hypothesis is being 

employed for this baseline risk assessment:

Based on the chemical and environmental fate properties, expected exposure to nontarget 

organisms and available toxicity information, silicon dioxide, when used in accordance 

with the label, may result in potential adverse effects upon the survival, growth, and 

reproduction of non-target terrestrial insects and other arthropods. Additionally, there 

may indirect effects to animals that rely on the arthropod prey base (or other services) 

from arthropods affected on the treated areas. 
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III. Risk Characterization

Risk Characterization typically consists of two parts: Risk Estimation and Risk 

Description. For silicon dioxide, a qualitative risk assessment is being conducted; 

therefore, only a Risk Description section is provided.

A. Risk Description

DE is the stressor of concern for this risk assessment. Although DE has insecticidal 

properties, silica is ubiquitous in the natural environment. While much of the native 

silica is in crystalline form, most soils contain 2-3% amorphous (biogenic) silica identical 

or similar to DE (Clarke 2002). Therefore, risk to higher order animals is considered to 

be low. Birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles may be exposed if they are present on 

the field during application. Based on the available data, silica (generically) is classified 

as practically nontoxic to both mammals and birds (surrogate for terrestrial-phase 

amphibians and reptiles). Using the standard EFED terrestrial exposure model T-REX (v 

1.5), risk quotients would greatly exceed the acute risk levels of concern for birds and 

mammals simply due to the mass of silica applied on a per acre basis (e.g. 83 lbs/A). 

However, given the routine exposure of birds and mammals to soil particles, which 

typically consist of silica of some form, these RQs are unlikely to be representative of 

the potential for risk to these organisms. 

Although labeled for a wide variety of agricultural crops, turf, industrial sites and 

homeowner uses, DE-based insecticides are most frequently applied to pests in homes 

and gardens, and in the protection of agricultural stored products (an indoor use). 

Application to growing plants (fruit plants, vine and vegetable) is occasionally done. DE 

has gradually replaced some synthetic insecticides (although commonly applied with 

pyrethrins), and it is expected to replace even more, especially in stored-product 

protection applications (e.g. as one of the alternatives to decrease the use of methyl 

bromide) (Quarles and Winn, 1996; Korunic and Ormesher, 1996). Based on this 

information, exposure in agricultural settings may be limited.

The USGS (1984) reports that the average total silicon content of US soils is 31% by 

weight. Assuming a bulk density of 1.5 g/cm3, the weight of an acre-inch of soil is 

340,000 lbs. Therefore, there is an average of 105,300 lbs of total silica in an average 

acre inch of soil. Amorphous silica is primarily biogenically produced by vascular 

plants, diatoms and sponges and almost all soils contain detectable amounts of 

amorphous silica between 2-3% and many up to 5% (Clarke, 2003). So while 83 lbs/A 

(0.0007% of total silica in an acre inch) may induce insecticidal properties on the target 

area, higher organisms are likely to be adequately adapted to such relatively insignificant 

exposure. 

Silica does not have a biochemical toxicological effect. Its mode of action is physical 

attachment to an insect’s waxy abdomen where it absorbs moisture, dehydrating the 

insect. Similar architecture is absent in higher animals. Higher animals are not immune 

from effects of silica if exposed to high enough concentrations over sufficient long 
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enough time. For instance, silicosis in humans is well known from exposure to high 

concentrations of respirable silica. Intense exposure to silica can cause disease within a 

year, but it usually takes at least 10 - 15 years of exposure before symptoms occur 

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001191/). However, adverse effects 

to higher organisms, primarily through inhalation, are generally associated with 

crystalline silica (CDC, 2002) and therefore not expected from the application of DE. 

Higher animals are unlikely to be harmed by dietary exposure to silica, silica gel and 

silicon dioxide, given that these compounds are exempt from dietary tolerances by the 

Agency according to the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED; 

http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/4081fact.pdf). Therefore, toxicological 

concern for human, and by extension, mammal consumption of silica is negligible. 

Further, the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) considers silica, and 

specifically silicon dioxide, “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) for direct or 

indirect application to food for human consumption under 21 CFR 170.30. Specific 

documentation can be found in GRAS Notice 000298 

(http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/gras_notices/grn0298.pdf). In addition, there 

are labeled uses of silica that include direct application to human food (grain storage),

and it is added to bird seed.

Off site transport of silica occurs naturally via wind erosion. DE is toxic to insects when 

it is highly pure, of uniform small particle size, and has a high oil absorption capacity 

(Korunic, 1997). Therefore, DE loses its effectiveness when it gets wet, clumps together, 

or becomes contaminated with other substances, e.g. clay or other soil particles. This is 

one reason amorphous silica in soil is not effective as an insecticide: it isn't pure enough. 

The risk to insects from DE dust lasts only as long as the dust remains dry and unmixed 

with soil, etc. So the insecticidal action lasts only as long as the next rain or until it 

mixes with the soil. This could be translated into a temporal limitation on its 

effectiveness, and therefore limit the risk to non-target insects. Therefore, this 

assessment limits the area of concern for terrestrial insects (and other arthropods) to the 

target area.

Aquatic ecosystems are not considered to be of concern because DE is not applied 

directly to water and diatoms are present in almost every aquatic ecosystem. The mode 

of action, dehydration, is not relevant in aquatic settings. Off-site transport through 

erosion would be indistinguishable from soil particles, naturally occurring diatoms or 

sediment (deposited or suspended). 

Direct application of silicon dioxide to plants is unlikely to have any effect on growth or 

reproduction of the plants. Plants in target areas are likely routinely exposed to silica 

through wind-borne particles at rates as high or higher than the label application rate. 

Additionally, there are no restrictions on the labels regarding application to plant species 

of any kind and no reported plant incidents for silica. As previously mentioned, 

amorphous silica is primarily produced by plant species in both terrestrial and aquatic 

ecosystems.
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Terrestrial arthropods, the Phylum which includes the Class Insecta (the target 

organisms) may be adversely affected when exposed. However, arthropods adapted to 

living in or on the soil may be less likely to be affected by the addition of additional 

amorphous silica. As discussed previously, the insecticidal properties of DE are 

dependent on uniformity of particle size and purity of this particular form of amorphous 

silica. These properties are likely to rapidly diminish when the product mixes with soils. 

Therefore, it may be that only a subset of arthropods located within the target area would 

likely to be adversely affected, for example flying or leaf-dwelling insects.

B. Endangered Species Considerations 

Environmental fate and ecological risk assessments for registration review must address 

Endangered Species Act, Section 7 (a) (2) obligations. The environmental fate data 

requirements for silica were waived based on the availability of public information on 

these compounds. Based on the low reactivity of the chemicals, the minimal offsite 

exposure, dismissible aquatic effects and exposure, and the apparent low toxicity to nontarget animals, the ecological effects data requirements for registrants were also waived

with the exception of an acute avian study, which indicated silica gel was practically 

nontoxic to bobwhite quail. There is no evidence to suggest that there is a hazard to the 

environment or to most non-target organisms when these pesticides are used as

registered. In the absence of data, no RQs can be calculated to assess the risk to listed 

species; however, based on label statements indicating insecticidal efficacy, direct effects 

to terrestrial arthropods should be expected. 

For listed terrestrial invertebrates (i.e. insects and arachnids), further information is 

necessary to make a final effects determination. There are 77 listed arachnids and insects 

in the US; no other arthropods are listed (Appendix B). Information that can inform 

species determinations may include more specific biological and locational data for each 

of the listed insects. It is possible that many of the listed species have narrow home 

ranges, which may increase mitigation options or result in a ‘No Effect’ finding for these 

species. An example of other information that would inform a determination includes 

detail on whether ground-dwelling or soil adapted insects have the same sensitivity as 

foliar dwelling or flying insects. Actual use and usage data, proposed label limitations 

that could preclude exposure of listed terrestrial invertebrate species (such as limitations 

on application timing), information on the overlap between listed insects and DE usage 

are all examples of the type of information that would be considered in making final 

effects determinations for terrestrial insects. 

Potential indirect effects to listed insectivorous terrestrial vertebrates cannot be precluded 

without further information. Indirect effects are possible to other listed taxa based on 

effects to the target insect populations. Many listed mammals, birds, terrestrial-phase 

amphibians and reptiles rely on insects for all or a significant portion of their diet. Those 

foraging substantially in treated areas may be adversely affected. However greater 

understanding of the spatial overlap of listed insectivores with the use sites would helpful 

in determining the potential for indirect effects due to the application of DE. This 

information could include habitat descriptions and whether DE is likely to be applied on 
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such habitats, since effects are considered to be limited to the area of application. 

Indirect effects to listed plant species are not considered likely as direct effects are 

expected to be limited to the target area.

Based on the discussion in this preliminary risk assessment, a No Effect determination is 

made for all listed aquatic species. A No Effect determination is made for direct effects 

to listed terrestrial vertebrates that do not rely on insects as a primary food source, though 

further work on individual species is necessary to determine which particular species to 

which this determination applies.

Table 3. Potential Adverse Effects to Federally Listed Taxa Associated with Direct 

or Indirect Effects from the Current Uses of Diatomaceous Earth.

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effectsa

Terrestrial Invertebrates Uncertainb Uncertainc

Terrestrial plants - monocots No effect No effect

Terrestrial plants - dicots No effect No effect

Birds No effect Uncertainc

Terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles No effect Uncertainc

Mammals No effect Uncertainc

Aquatic nonvascular plants No effect No effect

Aquatic vascular plants No effect No effect

Freshwater fish No effect No effect

Aquatic-phase amphibians No effect No effect

Freshwater invertebrates No effect No effect

Marine/estuarine fish No effect No effect

Marine/estuarine invertebrates No effect No effect

aUntil a detailed endangered species assessment is complete, indirect effects to species cannot be precluded, 

i.e. whether there are relationships between the directly affected invertebrates and terrestrial vertebrates

(inverts as food source).

b

Further evaluation of specific life history characteristics of listed terrestrial invertebrates, including the 

potential for overlap between listed terrestrial invertebrates and silica use sites is needed to reduce to 

reduce the uncertainty associated with the final effects determination. 

cThe potential for indirect effects to listed birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, and mammals 

that have an obligate relationship with terrestrial invertebrates is possible. Further evaluation of the 

potential for obligate relationships between insectivorous taxa and terrestrial invertebrates is needed to 

reduce the uncertainty associated with the final effects determination.
Page 15 of 97

IV. Bibliography

Canesi, L., Fabbri, R., Gallo, G., Vallotto, D., Marcomini, A., and Pojana, G. (2010). 

Biomarkers in Mytilus galloprovincialis Exposed to Suspensions of Selected 

Nanoparticles (Nano Carbon Black, C60 Fullerene, Nano-TiO2, Nano-SiO2). Aquat. 

Toxicol. 100: 168-177.

Center for Disease Control. 2002. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-129/. Accessed 

July 11, 2012.

Clarke, Jonathon. 2003. The occurrence and significance of biogenic opal in the regolith. 

Earth Science Reviews. 60. pp.175-194.

Dow Corning Corp. (1994). Subacute Oral Administration of Aerated Silica Gels & Dow 

Corning Antifoams Containing Aerated Silica Gels on Growth, Organ Weights, & Peyer's 

Patches w/Cover Letter Dated 04/20/94. EPA/OTS Doc.#86940001219 18 p. 

(NTIS/OTS0572229).

HSDB. 2007. Hazardous Substance Databank. National Library of Medicine, National 

Institute of Health. Each Chemical Profile: <http://www.toxnet.nlm.nih.gov>

Kaplan, B. L. F., Crawford, R. B., Kovalova, N., Arencibia, A., Kim, S. S., Pinnavaia, T. 

J., Boyd, S. A., Teppen, B. J., and Kaminski, N. E. (2011). TCDD Adsorbed on Silica as 

a Model for TCDD Contaminated Soils: Evidence for Suppression of Humoral Immunity 

in Mice. Toxicology 282: 82-87.

Korunic Z. and P. Ormesher. 1996. Diatomaceous earth—an alternative to methyl 

bromide. In: Proceedings Workshop of the Alternatives to Methyl Bromide. Toronto, 

Ontario. Environment Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. pp. 91-105.

Korunic, Zlatko. 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of 

Stored Products Reasearch. 34:2-3. pp87-97.

Lee, C. W., Mahendra, S., Zodrow, K., Li, D., Tsai, Y. C., Braam, J., and Alvarez, P. J. J. 

2010. Developmental Phytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles to Arabidopsis 

thaliana. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 29: 669-675

NIOSH. 1977. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. U.S. Department of 

Health Education and Welfare, DHEW Publ. No. (NIOSH) 78-104A. Government 

Printing Office, Washington, DC

Pluskota, A., Horzowski, E., Bossinger, O., and Von Mikecz, A. (2009). In 

Caenorhabditis elegans Nanoparticle-Bio-Interactions Become Transparent: SilicaNanoparticles Induce Reproductive Senescence. PLoS One 4: 11 p.
Page 16 of 97

Quarles, W. and P. Winn. 1996. Diatomaceous earth and stored product pests. IPM 

Practitioner, 18. pp. 1–10.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk 

Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum, Office of Research and Development, 

Washington, D.C. EPA/630/R-95/002F. April 1998. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Risk Characterization Handbook. 

Science Policy Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 

20460. EPA 100-B-00-002. December 2000.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk 

Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency. Endangered and Threatened Species Effects Determinations. Office of 

Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, 

D.C. January 23, 2004.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. Generic Format and Guidance for the 

Level I Screening Ecological Risk Assessments Conducted in the Environmental Fate 

and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C. January 24, 2005.

U.S. Geological Survey. 1984. Element concentrations in Soils and other Surficial 

Materials of the Continuous United States, USGS Professional Paper 1270.

Wilding, Larry P., Neil E. Smeck and Larry R. Drees. 1977. Silica in Soils: Quartz, 

Cristobalite, Tridymite and Opal. in: Minerals in Soil Environments. Soil Science Society 

of America, publisher, 1977. pp. 471-552.
Page 17 of 97

Table 1. Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel Table of Environmental Fate Data Requirements

Guideline # Data Requirement Study IDStudy 

Classification

Are Additional 

Data Needed for 

Risk Assessment?

161-1 Hydrolysis No data Waived1 No

161-2 Photolysis in Water No data Waived1 No

161-3 Photodegradation on Soil No data Waived1 No

161-4 Photodegradation in Air No data Waived1 No

162-1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism No data Waived1

No

162-2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism No data Waived1 No

162-3 Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism No data Not required2 No

162-4 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism No data Not required2 No

163-1 Leaching-Adsorption/ 

Desorption

No data Waived1

No

163-2 Laboratory Volatility No data Waived1 No

163-3 Field Volatility No data Waived1 No

164-1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation No data Waived1 No

164-2 Aquatic Field Dissipation No data Not required2 No

164-3 Forestry Dissipation No data Not required2 No

165-4 Accumulation in Fish No data Waived1 No

1. The environmental fate data requirements were waived based on the availability of public information on these compounds. It is 

unlikely that silicon dioxide and silica gel would react chemically with any natural substances in the environment.

2. Data are not required because silicon dioxide (diatomaceous earth) does not have aquatic uses.
Page 18 of 97

Table 2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel

Guideline 

#

Data 

Requirement Formulation Are Additional Data Needed for Risk 

Assessment?

MRID or Acc. 

Number Study 

Classification

71-1

Avian Acute Oral 

Toxicity Silica gel No 48178402 Acceptable

71-2

Avian Subacute 

Dietary Toxicity NA No No data submitted

71-4

Avian Reproduction 

Toxicity NA No No data submitted

72-1 Freshwater Fish LC50NA

No

No data submitted

72-2 Freshwater 

Invertebrate Acute 

LC50

NA No No data submitted

72-3(a) Estuarine/Marine 

Fish LC50

NA No No data submitted

72-3(b)

Estuarine/Marine

Invertebrate 

(Mollusk )

NA No No data submitted

72-3(c) Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrate (Mysid) 

NA No No data submitted

72-3 (d) Estuarine/Marine

Crustacean

NA No No data submitted

72-4 (a) Freshwater Fish Early 

Life-Stage NA No No data submitted

72-4

Aquatic Invertebrate 

Life-Cycle 

(Freshwater) Chronic 

Toxicity

NA No No data submitted

72-4

Aquatic Invertebrate 

Life-Cycle (Marine) 

Chronic Toxicity

NA No No data submitted

72-5

Freshwater Fish Full 

Life-Cycle (marine) NA No No data submitted
Page 19 of 97

Table 2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Silicon Dioxide and Silica Gel

Guideline 

#

Data 

Requirement Formulation Are Additional Data Needed for Risk 

Assessment?

MRID or Acc. 

Number Study 

Classification

72-7 Aquatic Field

Study

NA No No data submitted

141-1

Acute Honeybee

Contact Toxicity 

Test

NA No No data submitted

141-2

Residues on Foliage 

Honeybee Toxicity 

Test

NA No No data submitted

141-4

Subacute Honeybee 

Feeding Toxicity Test NA No No data submitted

NA=Not Available
Page 20 of 97

Appendix A. Registered uses for silicon dioxide and silica gel.

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

AGRICULTURAL/FAR

M 

STRUCTURES/BUILDI

NGS AND EQUIPMENT

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Crack and crevice 

treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Compressed air sprayer 

/Duster /Electric sprayer. 

(L)

.54 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

ARTICHOK

E

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 21 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

ASPARAGU

S

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

BARLEY When needed

Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.03594 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

BARLEY 

(PROCESSE

D)

In storage

Grain treatment /Spray 

/Stored commodity nonfumigation /Surface 

treatment /Top dressing.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

2.09 gal 1K lb

6.25 lb 1K lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

5.95 lb ton 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 22 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

7 lb ton D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

BEANS Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

In storage

Dust /Seed treatment 

/Stored commodity nonfumigation /Surface 

treatment.

Duster /Glove /Mechanical 

duster. 

.00209 gal lb

3 lb 1K sq.ft

.1 lb cwt 

D, G NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity non-

.2926 lb cwt G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 23 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

fumigation.

Hopper box. 

When needed

Dust /Indoor general 

surface treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.0162 lb bu 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

BEANS, 

DRIEDTYPE

In storage

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.045 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

BEANS, 

SUCCULEN

T (LIMA)

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 24 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

BEANS, 

SUCCULEN

T (SNAP)

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

BEETS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

BROCCOLI Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

BRUSSELS 

SPROUTS

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

BUCKWHE In storage .00209 gal lb D, G NS NS NS NS 
Page 25 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

AT Broadcast /Dust /Seed 

treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Power duster. 

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt

.00625 lb lb 

NS 

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

.35 lb cwt D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

CABBAGE Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

CARROT 

(INCLUDIN

When needed

Dust.

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 26 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

G TOPS) Duster. 

CAULIFLO

WER

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

CELERY Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

CEREAL 

GRAINS

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Electronic duster 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 
Page 27 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

/Sprayer. 

In storage

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.Hand held 

duster /Power duster 

/Sprayer /Standard milling. 

8.330E-04 lb bu

.2975 lb cwt 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

30 12 h 

Postharvest

Grain treatment.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

CHARD, 

SWISS

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

CITRUS Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray, Hand held sprayer 

/Power sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NSNS NS 12 h 
Page 28 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

COCOA In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster. 

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

COFFEE Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

COLE 

CROPS

FoliarDust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A.833 

lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NSNS AN 12 h 

COLLARDS Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed 82.764 lb A D NS NS AN NS 
Page 29 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Dust.Duster. NS 

COMMERC

IAL 

STORAGES/

WAREHOU

SES 

PREMISES

When needed

Crack and crevice 

treatment /Spot treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous 

duster /Electric duster 

/Hand held duster 

/Mechanical duster /Power 

duster. 

(L)

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

CORN 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

In storage

Stored commodity nonfumigation.Hand held 

duster /Power duster. 

.045 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 30 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

duster. 

When needed

Indoor general surface 

treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.0504 lb bu 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

CORN, POP In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster. 

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Indoor general surface 

treatment /Stored 

commodity non1568 lb A

.04869 lb bu 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 31 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

fumigation.

Duster. 

COTTON 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

CRANBERR

Y

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

CUCUMBE

R

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Dust.

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 32 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Duster. 

CUCURBIT 

VEGETABL

ES

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

EGGPLANT Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

FENNEL When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

FIELD 

CROPS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

During harvest

Broadcast.

Fixed-wing aircraft 

/Helicopter /Truckmounted sprayer. 

.62475 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 33 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

FLAVORIN

G/SPICE 

CROPS

Dusk

Dust.Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

FLAX In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Seed 

treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Power duster. 

.00209 gal lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest .2926 lb cwt D, G NS NS NS NS 
Page 34 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Hopper 

box /Power duster. 

NS 

FRUITING 

VEGETABL

ES

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

FRUITS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 35 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

sprayer. 

GINGER When needed

Dust.Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

GRAPES Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

GRASS 

FORAGE/F

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

4.974 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 
Page 36 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

ODDER/HA

Y

Duster /Sprayer. 

When needed

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

HOPS Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

HORSERAD

ISH

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

KALE Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

LEAFY 

VEGETABL

Dusk /Early evening

Dust.

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 37 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

ES Puffer container. 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

LEEK When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

LEGUME 

VEGETABL

ES

Dusk /Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

LETTUCE Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When neededDust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NSN

S 

AN NS 

MELONS Dusk/ Early evening 31.86 lb A D NS NS AN NS 
Page 38 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Dust.

Puffer container. 

NS 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

MELONS, 

WATER

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

MISCELLA

NEOUS 

VEGETABL

ES

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas 

where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.
Page 39 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do 

not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area.

This product is toxic to fish.

MUSHROO

M 

HOUSES/M

USHROOM 

CASING 

SOILS

Plant bed

Spray.Sprayer. 

.2603 lb 1K cu.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Spray.

Sprayer. 

.1302 lb 1K cu.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

MUSTARD Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed 82.764 lb A D NS NS AN NS 
Page 40 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Dust.

Duster. 

NS 

OATS When needed

Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.01855 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

OATS 

(PROCESSE

D)

In storage

Grain treatment /Spray 

/Stored commodity nonfumigation /Surface 

treatment /Top dressing.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

2.09 gal 1K lb

6.25 lb 1K lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

5.95 lb ton 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

7 lb ton D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 41 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

OKRA When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

ONION When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

PARSLEY When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

PASTURES Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

PEACH Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

PEANUTS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar 4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS NS 12 h 
Page 42 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

NS 

In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster. 

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.09 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Indoor general surface 

treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.225 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

PEAS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 43 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Seed 

treatment /Spray /Stored 

commodity non-fumigation 

/Surface treatment.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

.00209 gal lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Hopper 

box /Power duster. 

.2926 lb cwt D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Dust /Indoor general 

surface treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.02705 lb cwt 

D, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

PECAN Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 44 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

PEPPER Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

PINEAPPLE Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

POME 

FRUITS

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

POTATO, 

WHITE/IRI

SH

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 45 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

RADISH Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

RHUBARB When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

RICE When needed

Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.04496 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

RICE 

(PROCESSE

D/MILLED/

In storage

Grain treatment /Spray 

/Stored commodity non2.09 gal 1K lb

6.25 lb 1K lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 46 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

ENRICHED/

POLISHED/

BREWERS 

GRITS)

fumigation /Surface 

treatment /Top dressing.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

5.95 lb ton 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

7 lb ton D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

ROOT AND 

TUBER 

VEGETABL

ES

Dusk /Early evening

Dust.Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

RYE When needed

Contact and/or surface 

1568 lb A

.03609 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 47 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

RYE 

(PROCESSE

D)

In storage

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity non-fumigation 

/Surface treatment /Top 

dressing.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster. 

2.09 gal 1K lb

6.25 lb 1K lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

5.95 lb ton 

D, G NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

7 lb ton D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

SEEDS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

In storage

Dust /Seed treatment 

/Spray /Stored commodity 

non-fumigation /Surface 

.00209 gal lb

3 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 48 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

treatment.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer 

/Standard milling. 

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Hopper 

box /Power duster. 

.2926 lb cwt D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas 

where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do 

not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area.
Page 49 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

This product is toxic to fish.

SMALL 

FRUITS

Dusk /Early evening

Dust.Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

SMALL 

GRAINS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

SORGHUM In storage 3.4 lb 1K sq.ft D, NS NS AN NS 
Page 50 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Broadcast /Grain treatment 

/Spray /Stored commodity 

non-fumigation /Top 

dressing.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Mechanical duster /Power 

duster /Sprayer. 

.2975 lb cwt

.00625 lb lb 

WP/D NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster. 

.35 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.09022 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

SORGHUM 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

In storage

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Glove. 

.00209 gal lb G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 51 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hopper box. 

.2926 lb cwt G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

SOYBEANS 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

In storage

Broadcast /Dust /Seed 

treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Power duster. 

.00209 gal lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

.2975 lb cwt 

D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Seed treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hand held duster /Hopper 

box /Power duster. 

.2926 lb cwt D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 52 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

SPECIALIZ

ED FIELD 

CROPS

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

SPINACH Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

SQUASH 

(ALL OR 

UNSPECIFI

ED)

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

STONE 

FRUITS

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 
Page 53 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

SUBTROPI

CAL/TROPI

CAL FRUIT

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

PostharvestSpray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NSN

S 

NS 12 h 

SUNFLOWE

R

Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

In storage

Stored commodity nonfumigation. Duster. 

.00625 lb lb D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 54 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Postharvest

Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Duster. 

.35 lb cwt D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Spray /Stored commodity 

non-fumigation.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.09 lb cwt 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

TEA Dusk/ Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

TOMATO Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Electronic duster 

/Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

Postharvest

Spray.

Hand held sprayer /Power 

sprayer. 

.004165 lb sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed 82.764 lb A D NS NS AN NS 
Page 55 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Dust.

Duster. 

NS 

TREE NUTS Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

TURNIP 

(GREENS)

Foliar

Dust /Spray.Electronic 

duster /Sprayer. 

4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

TURNIP 

(ROOT)

When needed

Dust.

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 56 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

Duster. 

VEGETABL

ES 

(UNSPECIFI

ED)

Dusk /Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

31.86 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

WHEAT When needed

Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

1568 lb A

.0216 lb bu 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

WHEAT 

(PROCESSE

D)

In storage

Grain treatment /Spray 

/Stored commodity nonfumigation /Surface 

treatment /Top dressing.

Duster /Glove /Hand held 

duster /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

2.09 gal 1K lb

6.25 lb 1K lb

3.4 lb 1K sq.ft

5.95 lb ton 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity non7 lb ton D, G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 57 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for 

any Reg.# at any rate)

Application Type (for any 

Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment 

(for any Reg.# at any rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasona

l

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May 

not

apply to all Reg. #s)

fumigation.

Duster /Hand held duster 

/Hopper box /Power 

duster. 

WINE 

(INCL. 

SHERRY) 

(PROCESSE

D)

In storage

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Glove. 

2.09 gal 1K lb G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored 

commodity nonfumigation.

Hopper box. 

5.852 lb ton G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

YAM When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

82.764 lb A D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 58 of 97

PRODUCT NUMBERS CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

000056-00067, 000056-00068, 000499-00385, 000499-00509, 001021-01665, 002724-00671, 007655-00001, 010088-00093, 042850-00001, 042850-00002, 042850-

00004, 042850-00005, 048598-00001, 065789-00001, 065789-00002, 066923-00002, 067197-00001, 067197-00003, 067197-00006, 067595-00001, 069261-00003, 

069261-00004, 070126-00001, 073729-00001

HOMEOWNER PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

000056-00068, 000499-00509, 001021-01665, 002724-00671, 042850-00001, 065789-00002, 067197-00001, 069261-00004

HEADER ABBREVIATIONS

Site Name - The site name refers to the entity (crop, building, surface or article) where a pesticide is applied and/or which is being protected. 

Limitations - Precautionary statements related to the use of the product(s). 

Application Timing - The timing of pesticide application and is the primary application sort (not aggregated). 

Application Type - The type of pesticide application (aggregated). 

Application Equipment - The equipment used to apply pesticide (aggregated). 

Max. Single Appl. Rate to a Single Site - Maximum Dose for a single application to a single site. System calculated. 

Form - The physical form of the end use product found in the container. 

Max Seasonal Rate - The maximum amount of pesticide that can be applied to a site in one growing season (/cc) and during the span of one year (/yr). 

Max. # Apps/cc & yr - Maximum Number of Applications per crop cycle and per year. 

M R I - Minimum Retreatment Interval (days) (at any rate). The minimum interval between pesticide application (days). 

R E I - ReEntry Interval - The minimum amount of time that must elapse before workers can reenter a treated area. 

PHI/PGI/PSI Use Limitations (May not apply to all Reg.#s) - Preharvest/Pregrazing/Preslaughter Interval use limitations pertinent to the application. 

Current As Of: - The label data for the listed products in this report is current as of this date. 

ABBREVIATIONS

 AN - As needed 

 NA - Not Applicable 

 NS - Not Specified (on label) 

 (L) - The dosage information provided is from the label in terms of product (e.g., ounces, gallons, or pounds of the product) because there was insufficient 

 information (e.g., missing density, area, or active ingredient percentages) to provide converted dosage information. This report provides active 

 ingredient percentage in the product for the reported chemical for all unconverted label dosage information if this information is available. This active 

 ingredient percentage information is displayed next to the form code abbreviations (e.g., 80% WP). 

 UC - Unconverted due to lack of data (on label). 
Page 59 of 97

APPLICATION RATE

 W : PPM calculated by weight 

 V : PPM calculated by volume 

 U : Unknown whether PPM is given by weight or by volume 

 ~ : The dosage information includes a contribution from one or more (TQ, CL, BR, I) active ingredients. 

 cwt : Hundred Weight 

 nnE-xx : nn times (10 power -xx), for instance, "1.234E-04" is equivalent to ".0001234" 

FORMULATION CODES

D : Dust 

G : Granular 

PRL : Pressurized Liquid 

WP/D : Wettable Powder/dust 
Page 60 of 97

SITE NAME LIMITATIONS

Application Timing (for any Reg.# at any 

rate)

Application Type (for any Reg.# at any rate).

Application Equipment (for any Reg.# at any 

rate).

Max. Single Appl.

Rate to a Single

Site

Form

Code(s)

Max.

Seasonal

Rate 

Max. # 

Apps/

cc & yr 

M R I R E I PHI/PGI/PSI

Use Limitations (May not

apply to all Reg. #s)

AGRICULTURAL/FARM 

STRUCTURES/BUILDINGS AND 

EQUIPMENT

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Surface treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand-operated rotary 

duster /Spoon. 

.5625 lb 1K sq.ft

1.8 tbsp mound 

D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

AIRPORTS/LANDING FIELDS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.
Page 61 of 97

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Spot treatment /Spray.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand held duster 

/Hand-operated rotary duster /Power duster 

/Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

.5625 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

ANIMAL KENNELS/SLEEPING 

QUARTERS (COMMERCIAL)

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Animal bedding/litter treatment /Contact and/or 

surface treatment /Crack and crevice treatment 

/Spot treatment /Spray.

Applicator tip /Duster /Hand held duster /Power 

duster /Puffer container /Sprayer. 

(L)

3.6 lb 1K sq.ft

1.8 lb ton 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

AUTOMOBILES, TAXIS, LIMOUSINES, 

RECREATIONAL VEHICLES, & TIRES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 
Page 62 of 97

high water mark.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When neededContact and/or surface treatment 

/Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor premise 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand held duster 

/Hand-operated rotary duster /Power duster 

/Puffer container /Sprayer. 

(L).01943 gal/1 gal

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NSNS 126 12 h 

BARNS/BARNYARDS/AUCTION BARNS Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.Do not 

contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Outdoor premise treatment 

/Spot treatment /Surface treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand-operated rotary 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft

1.8 tbsp mound 

D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 
Page 63 of 97

duster /Puffer container /Spoon. 

BATHROOM PREMISES/HARD 

SURFACES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric duster /Hand 

held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster /Power 

duster /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal.82 

lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

126 12 h 

BIRDSEED (PROCESSED) Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

In storage

Grain treatment /Stored commodity nonfumigation.

Glove. 

2.09 gal 1K lb G NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

Postharvest

Grain treatment /Stored commodity non5.852 lb ton G NS NSNS 

NS NS 
Page 64 of 97

fumigation.

Hopper box. 

When needed

Indoor general surface treatment /Surface 

treatment.

Duster. 

36 lb 1K sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

CARPETS (HOUSEHOLD SANITIZER) Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Spot treatment /Surface treatment.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Hand held duster 

/Package applicator /Power duster /Squeeze 

applicator. 

(L)

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

3 NS 

CATS (ADULTS/KITTENS) 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas 

where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.
Page 65 of 97

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Animal treatment (dip) /Animal treatment 

(dust) /Animal treatment (spray) /Brush-on 

/Rub-on.

Brush /By hand /Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01295 gal/1 gal 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

2 12 h 

COMMERCIAL 

STORAGES/WAREHOUSES PREMISES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of 

equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.This product is toxic to fish.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

126 12 h 
Page 66 of 97

crevice and/or spot treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Injection treatment /Spot treatment 

/Spray /Void treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric 

duster /Hand held duster /Hand-operated rotary 

duster /Injection equipment /Power duster 

/Puffer container /Sprayer. 

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION 

FACILITIES-NONFEED/NONFOOD

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Granule applicator 

/Hand-operated rotary duster /Injection 

equipment /Puffer container. 

(L)

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, G, PRL NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL/INDUS

TRIAL PREMISES/EQUIP. (INDOOR)

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 
Page 67 of 97

high water mark.Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice and/or spot treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Injection treatment /Spot treatment 

/Spray /Void treatment.Applicator tip /Duster 

/Electric duster /Hand held duster /Handoperated rotary duster /Injection equipment 

/Power duster /Puffer container /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

126 12 h 

COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL/INDUS

TRIAL PREMISES/EQUIPMENT 

(OUTDOOR)

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

Evening (L) D NS NS AN NS 
Page 68 of 97

Dust /Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Mound drench /Mound 

treatment.

Drencher /Duster /Electric duster /Ground 

/Hand held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster 

/Power duster. 

(L)

.0275 gal mound

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

7 NS 

DOGS/CANINES (ADULTS/PUPPIES) 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms.

This product is toxic to fish.

When neededAnimal treatment (dip) /Animal 

treatment (dust) /Animal treatment (spray) 

/Brush-on /Rub-on.

Brush /By hand /Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster /Sprayer. 

(L).01295 gal/1 gal D, WP/D NS NSNS 2 12 h 

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Do not apply directly to water.
Page 69 of 97

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Crack and crevice and/or spot treatment /Indoor 

general surface treatment.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power duster. 

(L)

.82 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

EATING ESTABLISHMENTS Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.This pesticide is toxic to aquatic 

invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment /Spot treatment /Void 

treatment.

Bulbous duster /Electric duster /Hand held 

duster /Injection equipment /Mechanical duster 

/Power duster /Puffer container. 

(L)

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 70 of 97

EATING ESTABLISHMENTS FOOD 

HANDLING AREAS (NONFOOD 

CONTACT)

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

EATING ESTABLISHMENTS NON-FOOD 

AREAS (NONFOOD CONTACT)

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Bulbous duster /Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

.82 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

FERRETS Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Animal treatment (dust).

By hand. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

FOOD PROCESSING PLANT PREMISES 

(NONFOOD CONTACT)

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.
Page 71 of 97

When needed

Surface treatment.

Compressed air sprayer /Electric sprayer. 

.54 lb 1K sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

FOOD 

STORES/MARKETS/SUPERMARKETS 

PREMISES

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

When needed

Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment /Spot treatment.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

GOLF COURSE TURF 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Dust /Mound drench /Mound treatment /Slurry.

Drencher /Hand held duster /Hand held sprayer 

/Hose-end sprayer /Power duster. 

(L)

.833 lb 1K sq.ft

.03124 lb/1 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 
Page 72 of 97

GRAIN/CEREAL/FLOUR BINS-EMPTY Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor premise treatment 

/Spray /Void treatment.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric duster /Handoperated rotary duster /Mist sprayer. 

(L)

1.35 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

GRAIN/CEREAL/FLOUR ELEVATORSEMPTY

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Surface treatment.

Compressed air sprayer /Duster /Electric duster 

/Electric sprayer /Granule applicator /Handoperated rotary duster. 

(L)

.5625 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

GREENHOUSE-EMPTY Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 73 of 97

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand-operated rotary 

duster. 

.5625 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

HORSES 

(SHOW/RACE/SPECIAL/PONIES)

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Animal treatment (dust) /Dust.

Automatic dispensing equipment /By hand 

/Dust bag /Hand held duster /Mechanical 

duster. 

(L) D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

HOSPITALS/MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS 

PREMISES (HUMAN/VETERINARY)

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas 

where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.
Page 74 of 97

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice and/or spot treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Injection treatment /Spot treatment 

/Spray /Void treatment.

Applicator tip /Duster /Electric duster /Hand 

held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster 

/Injection equipment /Power duster /Puffer 

container /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

126 2 h 

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spray.

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

.82 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 
Page 75 of 97

Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric duster /Hand 

held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster /Power 

duster /Sprayer. 

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS 

CONTENTS

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.This pesticide is toxic to aquatic 

invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Bore-hole treatment /Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Crack and crevice treatment /Dust 

/Indoor general surface treatment /Injection 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray /Sprinkle 

/Void treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous duster /Dispenser 

/Duster /Electric duster /Hand held duster 

/Hand-operated rotary duster /Injection 

equipment /Package applicator /Power duster 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft

.1781 lb room

.11 lb/.25 gal 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

126 12 h 
Page 76 of 97

/Puffer container /Sprayer /Squeeze applicator. 

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS 

INDOOR PREMISES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms.

This product is toxic to fish.

Preconstruction

Void treatment.

Applicator tip. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

When needed

Bore-hole treatment /Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Crack and crevice treatment /Dust 

/Indoor general surface treatment /Injection 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray /Void 

treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric 

duster /Hand held duster /Hand-operated rotary 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft

.1781 lb room

.11 lb/.25 gal 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

30 12 h 
Page 77 of 97

duster /Injection equipment /Package applicator 

/Power duster /Puffer container /Sprayer 

/Squeeze applicator. 

HOUSEHOLD/DOMESTIC DWELLINGS 

OUTDOOR PREMISES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice and/or spot treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Dust /Injection treatment 

/Mound drench /Mound treatment /Outdoor 

premise treatment /Spot treatment /Spray /Void 

treatment.

Bulbous duster /Drencher /Duster /Hand held

duster /Hand held sprayer /Hose-end sprayer 

/Injection equipment /Package applicator 

/Power duster /Puffer container /Sprayer 

(L)

.0275 gal mound

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft

.11 lb/.25 gal

.03109 lb/1 gal 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

3/1 yr 

AN 12 h 
Page 78 of 97

/Squeeze applicator. 

HUMAN BEDDING/MATTRESSES 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Spot 

treatment /Surface treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous duster /Duster /Hand 

held duster /Injection equipment /Package 

applicator /Power duster /Puffer container 

/Squeeze applicator. 

(L)

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

MEAT PROCESSING PLANT PREMISES 

(NONFOOD CONTACT)

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Surface treatment.Compressed air sprayer 

.54 lb 1K sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 
Page 79 of 97

/Electric sprayer. 

MORGUES/MORTUARIES/AUTOPSY/EM

BALMING ROOM PREMISES

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment.Duster /Electric duster /Handoperated rotary duster. 

.5625 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

ORNAMENTAL AND/OR SHADE TREES 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 80 of 97

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster /Hand held duster /Power duster 

/Squeeze applicator. 

(L)

1.9 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

ORNAMENTAL GROUND COVER Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

ORNAMENTAL HERBACEOUS PLANTS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.
Page 81 of 97

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

DuskDust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NSNS AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster /Hand held duster /Power duster 

/Squeeze applicator. 

(L)

1.9 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

ORNAMENTAL LAWNS AND TURF 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.
Page 82 of 97

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Dust /Mound drench /Mound treatment /Slurry.

Drencher /Hand held duster /Hand held sprayer 

/Hose-end sprayer /Power duster. 

(L)

.833 lb 1K sq.ft

.03124 lb/1 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS 12 h 

ORNAMENTAL NONFLOWERING 

PLANTS

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 
Page 83 of 97

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.Duster /Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster /Hand held duster /Power duster 

/Squeeze applicator. 

(L)

1.9 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

ORNAMENTAL WOODY SHRUBS AND 

VINES

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues on blooming crops or weeds. 
Page 84 of 97

Do not apply this pesticide or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment 

area.

This product is toxic to fish.

Dusk

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Early evening

Dust.

Puffer container. 

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

Foliar

Dust /Spray.

Duster /Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

4.998 lb A

.833 lb/25 gal 

WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

When needed

Dust.

Duster /Hand held duster /Power duster 

/Squeeze applicator. 

(L)

1.9 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

PATHS/PATIOS Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

(L)

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 
Page 85 of 97

crevice treatment /Dust /Outdoor premise 

treatment.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric duster /Hand 

held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster /Power 

duster /Squeeze applicator. 

PET LIVING/SLEEPING QUARTERS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of 

equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

This pesticide is toxic to aquatic organisms.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Animal bedding/litter treatment /Contact and/or 

surface treatment /Crack and crevice treatment 

/Dust /Indoor general surface treatment /Spray 

/Surface treatment.

Applicator tip /Bulbous duster /Duster /Hand 

held duster /Injection equipment /Package 

(L)

2.04 lb 1K sq.ft

.11 lb/.25 gal 

D, PRL, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

3 12 h 
Page 86 of 97

applicator /Power duster /Sprayer /Squeeze 

applicator. 

PETS (UNSPECIFIED) Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Animal treatment (dust) /Crack and crevice 

treatment /Indoor general surface treatment.

By hand /Duster /Hand held duster /Power 

duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT 

PREMISES (NONFOOD CONTACT)

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Surface treatment.

Compressed air sprayer /Electric sprayer. 

.54 lb 1K sq.ft WP/D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

RECREATIONAL AREAS Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

Evening

Spot treatment /Void treatment.

Hand held duster /Power duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 
Page 87 of 97

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Dust /Mound treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand-operated rotary 

duster /Spoon. 

.95 lb 1K sq.ft

1.8 tbsp mound 

D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

REFUSE/SOLID WASTE CONTAINERS 

(GARBAGE CANS)

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spot treatment.

Duster /Electric duster /Hand-operated rotary 

duster /Puffer container. 

(L)

.7315 lb 1K sq.ft 

D NS NS

NS 

126 NS 

REFUSE/SOLID WASTE SITES 

(INDOOR)

0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.Do not apply directly to water, or to areas 

where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.

Do not apply directly to water.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.Do not 

contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.
Page 88 of 97

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Electric duster /Hand 

held duster /Hand-operated rotary duster /Power 

duster /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

1.045 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 

RESIDENTIAL LAWNS Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

When needed

Dust.

Duster. 

.95 lb 1K sq.ft D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

SEWAGE SYSTEMS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice and/or spot treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment /Sewage treatment /Sewer 

(L)

.88 lb manhole 

D, WP/D NS NS

NS 

AN 12 h 
Page 89 of 97

treatment.

Bulbous duster /Duster /Hand held duster 

/Power backpack blower /Power duster 

/Ventilating. 

SHIPS AND BOATS 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not allow children or pets on treated areas until surfaces are dry.

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean 

high water mark.

Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not apply when drift is likely to occur.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not treat animals under 12 weeks of age.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

This product is toxic to fish.

When needed

Contact and/or surface treatment /Crack and 

crevice and/or spot treatment /Crack and 

crevice treatment /Dust /Indoor general surface 

treatment /Spot treatment /Spray /Surface 

treatment.

Applicator tip /Compressed air sprayer /Duster 

/Electric duster /Electric sprayer /Granule 

applicator /Hand held duster /Hand-operated 

rotary duster /Power duster /Sprayer. 

(L)

.01943 gal/1 gal

.9 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

126 12 h 

SILOS Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Do not contaminate water.

Proper ventilation required.
Page 90 of 97

When needed

Air filter treatment /Contact and/or surface 

treatment /Crack and crevice treatment /Dust 

/Indoor general surface treatment /Indoor 

premise treatment /Spray /Void treatment.

Airblower /Applicator tip /Bulbous duster 

/Duster /Granule applicator /Hand held duster 

/Mist sprayer /Power duster /Sprayer. 

(L)

1.35 lb 1K sq.ft 

D, G, 

WP/D 

NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

SPECIALIZED ANIMALS Do not apply to food or feed contact surfaces.

Do not contaminate food or feed.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Proper ventilation required.

Remove or carefully protect food products and food packaging.

When needed

Crack and crevice treatment /Indoor general 

surface treatment.

Duster. 

(L) D NS NS

NS 

AN NS 

TEXTILES/TEXTILE FIBERS/CORDAGE Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

Proper ventilation required.

When needed

Industrial preservative treatment.

Duster. 

.85 lb/20 lb D NS NS

NS 

NS NS 

TOBACCO 0 day(s) preharvest interval.

Do not apply to any body of water.

Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment wash waters.

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.

This product is toxic to fish.

Foliar 4.425 lb A WP/D NS NS NS 12 h 
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End of Report

For questions and comments, please contact the OPP Usage and Label Use Team through e-mail.

Dust /Spray.

Electronic duster /Sprayer. 

NS 
Page 92 of 97

PRODUCT NUMBERS CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

000056-00067, 000056-00068, 000499-00385, 000499-00509, 001021-01665, 002724-00671, 007401-00449, 007655-00001, 009688-00173, 010088-00093, 042850-

00001, 042850-00002, 042850-00003, 042850-00004, 042850-00005, 045220-00009, 048598-00001, 050932-00012, 059913-00001, 063191-00013, 065460-00001, 

065789-00001, 065789-00002, 066923-00002, 067197-00002, 067197-00003, 067197-00005, 067197-00006, 067595-00001, 069261-00004, 070126-00001, 073729-

00001

HOMEOWNER PRODUCTS CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

000056-00068, 000499-00509, 001021-01665, 002724-00671, 007401-00449, 009688-00173, 042850-00001, 042850-00003, 045220-00009, 050932-00012, 059913-

00001, 063191-00013, 065460-00001, 065789-00002, 067197-00002, 067197-00005, 069261-00004

HEADER ABBREVIATIONS

Site Name - The site name refers to the entity (crop, building, surface or article) where a pesticide is applied and/or which is being protected. 

Limitations - Precautionary statements related to the use of the product(s). 

Application Timing - The timing of pesticide application and is the primary application sort (not aggregated). 

Application Type - The type of pesticide application (aggregated). 

Application Equipment - The equipment used to apply pesticide (aggregated). 

Max. Single Appl. Rate to a Single Site - Maximum Dose for a single application to a single site. System calculated. 

Form - The physical form of the end use product found in the container. 

Max Seasonal Rate - The maximum amount of pesticide that can be applied to a site in one growing season (/cc) and during the span of one year (/yr). 

Max. # Apps/cc & yr - Maximum Number of Applications per crop cycle and per year. 

M R I - Minimum Retreatment Interval (days) (at any rate). The minimum interval between pesticide application (days). 

R E I - ReEntry Interval - The minimum amount of time that must elapse before workers can reenter a treated area. 

PHI/PGI/PSI Use Limitations (May not apply to all Reg.#s) - Preharvest/Pregrazing/Preslaughter Interval use limitations pertinent to the application. 

Current As Of: - The label data for the listed products in this report is current as of this date. 

ABBREVIATIONS

 AN - As needed 

 NA - Not Applicable 

 NS - Not Specified (on label) 

 (L) - The dosage information provided is from the label in terms of product (e.g., ounces, gallons, or pounds of the product) because there was insufficient 

 information (e.g., missing density, area, or active ingredient percentages) to provide converted dosage information. This report provides active 

 ingredient percentage in the product for the reported chemical for all unconverted label dosage information if this information is available. This active 
Page 93 of 97

 ingredient percentage information is displayed next to the form code abbreviations (e.g., 80% WP). 

 UC - Unconverted due to lack of data (on label). 

APPLICATION RATE

 W : PPM calculated by weight 

 V : PPM calculated by volume 

 U : Unknown whether PPM is given by weight or by volume 

 ~ : The dosage information includes a contribution from one or more (TQ, CL, BR, I) active ingredients. 

 cwt : Hundred Weight 

 nnE-xx : nn times (10 power -xx), for instance, "1.234E-04" is equivalent to ".0001234" 

FORMULATION CODES

D : Dust 

G : Granular 

PRL : Pressurized Liquid 

WP/D : Wettable Powder/dust 

End of Report

For questions and comments, please contact the OPP Usage and Label Use Team through e-mail.
Page 94 of 97

Appendix B. Listed Arthropods in the US

Common name Scientific name Medium Taxa

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Casey's June Dinacoma caseyi Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Coffin Cave Mold Batrisodes texanus Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid Stygoparnus comalensis Freshwater, Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Heterelmis comalensis Freshwater, Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Delta Green Ground Elaphrus viridis Terrestrial, Vernal pool Insect

Beetle, Helotes Mold Batrisodes venyivi Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Hungerford's Crawling Water Brychius hungerfordi Freshwater Insect

Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave Mold Texamaurops reddelli Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Mount Hermon June Polyphylla barbata Terrestrial, Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Ohlone Tiger Cicindela ohlone Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana Terrestrial, Coastal Insect

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground Rhadine persephone Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn

Desmocerus californicus 

dimorphus Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's 

euphydryas) Euphydryas editha bayensis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Speyeria zerene behrensInsect Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Callippe Silverspot Speyeria callippe callippe Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Cassius Blue Leptotes cassius theonus Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Ceranus Blue

Hemiargus ceraunus 

antibubastus Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Euphilotes battoides allyni Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Fender's Blue Icaricia icarioides fenderi Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Lange's Metalmark Apodemia mormo langei Terrestrial Insect
Page 95 of 97

Butterfly, Lotis Blue Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Miami Blue

Cyclargus thomasi 

bethunebakeri Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mission Blue Icaricia icarioides missionensis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr

Neonympha mitchellInsect 

mitchellInsect Terrestrial, Perm. wetland Insect

Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot Speyeria zerene myrtleae Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Nickerbean Blue Cyclargus ammon Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot Speyeria zerene hippolyta Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue

Glaucopsyche lygdamus 

palosverdesensis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot

Euphydryas editha quino (=E. 

e. wrighti) Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr

Neonympha mitchellInsect 

francisci Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin Callophrys mossInsect bayensis Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail

Heraclides aristodemus 

ponceanus Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Euphilotes enoptes smithi Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillary Boloria acrocnema Terrestrial Insect

Damselfly, Flying Earwig 

HawaInsectan Megalagrion nesiotes Terrestrial Insect

Damselfly, Pacific HawaInsectan Megalagrion pacificum Terrestrial Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana Terrestrial, Freshwater Insect

Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving

Rhaphiomidas terminatus 

abdominalis Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila obatai Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila substenoptera Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila neoclavisetae Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila differens Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila tarphytrichia Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila heteroneura Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila musaphilia Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila hemipeza Terrestrial Insect
Page 96 of 97

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila ochrobasis Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila montgomeryi Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila mulli Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila aglaia Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Picture-wing Drosophila sharpi Terrestrial Insect

Grasshopper, Zayante Band-winged Trimerotropis infantilis Terrestrial Insect

Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave Texella reddelli Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Harvestman, Bone Cave Texella reyesi Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Harvestman, Cokendolpher Cave Texella cokendolpheri Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave Cicurina venInsect Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Meshweaver, Government Canyon 

Bat Cave Cicurina vespera Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Meshweaver, Madla's Cave Cicurina madla Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave Cicurina baronia Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Manduca blackburni Terrestrial Insect

Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Euproserpinus euterpe Terrestrial Insect

Naucorid, Ash Meadows Ambrysus amargosus Terrestrial Insect

Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave Tartarocreagris texana Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Rhadine exilis (ncn) Rhadine exilis Terrestrial, Subterraneous Insect

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Rhadine infernalis Terrestrial, Subterraneous Insect

Skipper, Carson Wandering

Pseudocopaeodes eunus 

obscurus Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Laguna Mountain Pyrgus ruralis lagunae Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Pawnee Montane Hesperia leonardus montana Terrestrial Insect

Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave Neoleptoneta microps Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Adelocosa anops Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Microhexura montivaga Terrestrial Arachnid

Spider, Tooth Cave Leptoneta myopica Terrestrial, Subterraneous Arachnid