1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

_________________________________________

)

CHERYL TRACY, et al. )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) Civil Action No. 19-0190 (BAH)

)

LEILA C. SWANSON, et al., )

)

Defendants. )

_________________________________________ )

MEMORANDUM OPINION

The plaintiffs, Cheryl Tracy (“Tracy”) and LCS Outreach Ministries, Inc. (“LCS 

Ministries”), initiated this lawsuit raising breach of contract and negligence claims against four 

individuals who allegedly effected the fraudulent transfer of real property in Martinsburg, West 

Virginia. See Compl. ¶¶ I.A., II.B., III, ECF No. 1. Two of those four defendants, Kimberly C. 

McGarrah (“McGarrah”) and David D. Pill, Esq. (“Pill”), have filed motions to dismiss the 

complaint. See Def. McGarrah’s Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 9; Def. Pill’s Mot. to Dismiss (“Pill 

MTD”), ECF No. 10. Shortly thereafter, the Court issued an order advising Tracy of her 

obligations under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the local civil rules of this Court. 

Order (April 19, 2019), ECF No. 14. Specifically, the Court notified Tracy that, if she failed to 

file an opposition or other response to the defendants’ dismissal motions by May 10, 2019, the 

pending motions would be resolved without the benefit of her position. To date, Tracy has not 

filed an opposition to the motions, requested more time to file her oppositions, or advised the 

Court of any change of address. 
2

Although defendants’ motions are unopposed, the Court declines to grant the motions as 

conceded. See Cohen v. Bd. of Trs. of the Univ. of the District of Columbia, 819 F.3d 476, 482 

(D.C. Cir. 2016). At the same time, however, review of the complaint and defendants’ motions

demonstrates that Tracy cannot represent the interests of LCS Ministries and has failed to allege 

sufficient facts to show her standing to sue. Accordingly, the complaint and this civil action are 

dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. 

I. BACKGROUND

According to Pill, in his sworn declaration, defendant Lelia C. Swanson (“Swanson”) 

retained him in February 2018 “to deed a parcel of real property located at 623 West King Street, 

Martinsburg, West Virginia (the ‘Property’) to a man she identified as her son, Michael Richard 

Bien-Aime.” Pill MTD, Ex. 1, Pill Decl. ¶ 2, ECF No. 10-1. Pill prepared a deed, which he

recorded on March 2, 2018. Id. ¶ 5; see id., Ex. B. In June 2018, Swanson notified Pill “that she 

forgot that she had previously deeded the Property from herself individually to her charity, LCS 

Outreach Ministries, Inc., a West Virginia corporation.” Id. ¶ 6; see id., Ex. C. Upon Swanson’s 

instructions and representation “that she was the President of LCS Outreach ministries, Inc. 

[with] the authority to transfer the Property,” id. ¶ 8, Pill prepared a deed for the transfer of the 

property from LCS Ministries to Bien-Aime, id. ¶ 9; see id., Ex. D. Pill recorded the deed on 

June 15, 2018. Id. ¶ 9. At no time did Swanson instruct Pill to conduct a title search or lien 

search regarding the Property. Id. ¶¶ 3, 7.

Tracy sets forth the basis of her claims in a single paragraph, alleging in full that: 

Each defendant took part in the fraudulent sale of a property not 

owned by the Swansons and/or were negligent in their [sic] duties 

to investigate and take reasonable actions required when notified of 

the unlawful deed recording. Defendant Swansons hired defendant 

Pill to sell property knowing that they had no rights. And Defendant 
3

Pill was negligent in his duties by preparing and recording a 

fraudulent Deed on March 2, 2018 without lien holder research. The 

lien holder of said property is BB&T Bank and defendant McGarrah 

took no action to rectify this unlawful act. When plaintiff informed 

defendant McGarrah that the property located at 623 West King 

Street was sold, she was negligent in her duties to take action on 

behalf of the mortgage payer.

Compl. ¶ III. As a result of defendants’ actions, Tracy claims to have sustained “[d]amages . . . 

includ[ing] loss of management and access of property, loss of revenue for rental property and 

ability to provide housing for the homeless.” Id. ¶ IV. She purports to bring this action on 

behalf of herself and LCS Ministries, see id. ¶ II.B., and demands compensation of $100,000 

from each defendant plus punitive damages of $400,000, id. ¶ II.B.3.

II. DISCUSSION

For the reasons summarized below, this lawsuit may not go forward on the present 

record.

A. THE COURT DISMISSES LCS MINISTRIES AS A PARTY PLAINTIFF

Two plaintiffs are named in this case: Tracy, an individual, and LCS Ministries, a 

corporation. Tracy does not hold herself out as an attorney licensed to practice law in this Court. 

She may represent her own interests, see Georgiades v. Martin-Trigona, 729 F.2d 831, 834 (D.C. 

Cir. 1984), but not those of LCS Ministries, see Rowland v. California Men’s Colony, Unit II 

Men’s Advisory Council, 506 U.S. 194, 201-02 (1993) (noting that “[i]t has been the law for the 

better part of two centuries . . . that a corporation may appear in the federal courts only through 

licensed counsel”). Tracy is well aware of this, as the absence of counsel to represent LCS 

Ministries in a prior civil action was the basis for dismissing the organization as a party plaintiff. 

See Tracy v. Kratovil, No. 18-CV-2688, 2019 WL 1901295, at *2 (D.D.C. Apr. 29, 2019), 

appeal docketed, No. 19-7046 (D.C. Cir. May 23, 2019). The Court therefore dismisses LCS 

Ministries as a party plaintiff.
4

B. TRACY FAILS TO ESTABLISH THE COURT’S JURISDICTION

A federal district court has “original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in 

controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between 

. . . citizens of different States[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). Tracy asserts diversity of citizenship as 

the basis for this Court’s jurisdiction. See Compl. ¶ II.B. She represents that she is a citizen of 

the District of Columbia, that Pill, McGarrah and Larry C. Swanson are citizens of West 

Virginia, and that Lelia C. Swanson is a citizen of Maryland. See id. ¶¶ I.B., II.B.2. With a 

$400,000 demand for damages, Tracy’s claim exceeds the threshold amount in controversy. 

Proper exercise of the Court’s jurisdiction depends on more than meeting the requirements of § 

1332, however. 

“Article III of the Constitution grants the federal courts the power to decide legal 

questions only in the presence of an actual ‘Cas[e]’ or ‘Controvers[y].’” Wittman v. 

Personhuballah, 136 S. Ct. 1732, 1736 (2016). “Standing to sue . . . is an aspect of the case-orcontroversy requirement.” Arizonans for Official English v. Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 64 (1997) 

(citation omitted). A plaintiff has standing if she “shows that [she] has suffered an injury in fact, 

that the injury is fairly traceable to the conduct being challenged, and that the injury will likely 

be redressed by a favorable decision.” Wittman, 136 S. Ct. at 1736 (citation and internal 

quotation marks omitted). It is plaintiff’s burden to demonstrate standing, see Lujan v. Defs. of 

Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992), and the Court must satisfy itself that “the plaintiff has 

‘alleged such a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy’ as to warrant [her] invocation 

of federal-court jurisdiction.” Summers v. Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488, 493 (2009) (quoting 

Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 498-99 (1975)). 
5

Tracy has standing to sue only if she sustained an “injury in fact,” meaning “an invasion 

of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete and particularized . . . and (b) actual or 

imminent, actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical,” Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560 (internal 

quotation marks and citations omitted), arising from the sale or transfer of the Property. Tracy’s 

position with respect to LCS Ministries is unclear, and nothing in the complaint suggests that 

Tracy is authorized or otherwise competent to act on behalf of LCS Ministries. Nor does the 

complaint allege that Tracy herself has or had a legal interest in the Property. As a result, Tracy 

cannot show an injury traceable to defendants’ conduct which might be remedied with a 

favorable decision in this lawsuit. This “defect of standing is a defect in subject matter 

jurisdiction,” Haase v. Sessions, 835 F.2d 902, 906 (D.C. Cir. 1987), which warrants dismissal of 

this case. 

Pill and McGarrah raise alternative bases for dismissal of the complaint, such as improper 

service of process and lack of personal jurisdiction. See, e.g., Def. David D. Pill, Esq.’s Mem. of 

P. & A. in Support of his Mot. to Dismiss at 6-12 (arguing that the Court lacks personal 

jurisdiction, that venue is improper, and that service of process was insufficient); Mem. of P. & 

A. in Support of McGarrah’s Mot. to Dismiss at 4 (arguing that the complaint fails to allege a 

negligence claim). While their arguments have merit, they need not be addressed to resolve this 

case. Having concluded that the Court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, this case must be 

dismissed. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3).
6

III. CONCLUSION

The plaintiff lacks standing, thus depriving this Court of subject matter jurisdiction. 

Therefore, defendants’ motions to dismiss will be granted, and the complaint in this civil action 

is dismissed as to all defendants. An Order is issued separately. 

DATE: June 20, 2019 /s/ Beryl A. Howell

BERYL A. HOWELL

Chief Judge