# Patent

## Title
Multilayer optical recording medium

## Abstract

The multilayer optical recording medium with at least four or more recording and reading layers disposed one above the other has at least two or more recording and reading layer groups each including the recording and reading layers successively disposed one above the other. In adjacent recording and reading layer groups with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a recording and reading layer nearest a front side in the recording and reading layer group nearer a back side is higher than the higher value of the reflectances in a stacked state of two recording and reading layers nearest the back side in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multilayer optical recording medium with a plurality of stacked recording and reading layers from which information can be read by light irradiation.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of optical recording media, recording density has been increased by shortening the wavelengths of laser light sources or by increasing the numerical apertures of optical systems. With reference, for example, to optical recording media in accordance with the standards for Blu-ray Disc (BD), recording and reading of the capacity of 25 GB to and from one layer has been allowed by setting the wavelength of laser at 405 nm and the numerical aperture at 0.85. However, efforts by light sources and optical systems have reached their limits. A volumetric recording system in which information is multiply recorded in the direction of an optical axis has been desired in order to increase recording capacity further. By way of example, optical recording media each with eight recording and reading layers (see Non-Patent Literature 1), or with six recording and reading layers (see Non-Patent Literature 2) have been suggested as those in accordance with the standards for Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Multilayer optical recording media may suffer from mixing a signal of other recording and reading layers into a target recording and reading layer, or leakage of noise generated by the effect of other recording and reading layers into a target recording and reading layer during the reading of information from the target recording and reading layer. Such mixing or leakage problems generally referred to as crosstalk result in degradation of a servo signal or a recording signal.
The crosstalk includes two types including interlayer crosstalk and confocal crosstalk. The interlayer crosstalk is a phenomenon produced by leakage of light reflected off a recording and reading layer next to a recording and reading layer being read into reading light. Accordingly, the interlayer crosstalk is always a matter of concern in multilayer optical recording media with two or more recording and reading layers. The interlayer crosstalk is reduced by increasing an interlayer thickness.
The confocal crosstalk is specific to multilayer optical recording media with three or more recording and reading layers. The confocal crosstalk is a phenomenon produced by coincidence in optical path length between primary reading light reflected off a recording and reading layer being read only once, and stray light reflected off a different recording and reading layer a plurality of times.
Principles of generation of the confocal crosstalk are described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 22. In a multilayer optical recording medium 40 shown in FIG. 19, a beam 70 focused on an L0 recording and reading layer 40d for reading or recording is split into a plurality of optical beams due to semi-light-transmitting properties of recording and reading layers. FIG. 20 shows a phenomenon where a beam 71 branching off from a beam targeted for recording and reading to and from an L0 recording and reading layer 40d is reflected off an L1 recording and reading layer 40c and is focused on an L2 recording and reading layer 40b, and the resulting reflected light is detected after being reflected off the L1 recording and reading layer 40c again.
FIG. 21 shows a phenomenon where a beam 72 branching off from a beam targeted for recording and reading to and from an L0 recording and reading layer 40d is reflected off an L2 recording and reading layer 40b and is focused on a light incident surface 40z, and the resulting reflected light is detected after being reflected off the L2 recording and reading layer 40b again. FIG. 22 shows a phenomenon where a beam 73 branching off a beam targeted for recording and reading to and from an L0 recording and reading layer 40d is not focused on a different recording and reading layer, but is detected after being reflected off L1 , L3 and L2 recording and reading layers 40c, 40a and 40b in this order.
The light intensity of the beams 71 to 73 as stray light are smaller than that of the beam 70. However, the beams 71 to 73 enter a photodetector with the same optical path length and with the same radius of light flux, generating influential interference. Accordingly, the amount of light received by the photodetector can vary largely in response to the minute change of an interlayer thickness, making it difficult to detect a stable signal. Meanwhile, the amount of stray light determined by the product of the respective reflectances of recording and reading layers decreases as the stray light is reflected a greater number of times. Accordingly, for practical purposes, considering stray light reflected off multiple surfaces three times is sufficient.
In the phenomena shown in FIGS. 19 to 22, the beams 70 and 71 have the same optical path length and the same radius of light flux if T1 is set to be equal to T2. In this case, the beams 70 and 71 enter the photodetector and are detected at the same time. Likewise, the beams 70 and 72 have the same optical path length and the same radius of light flux if the total of T1 and T2 is set to be equal to the total of T3 and TC. Also, the beams 70 and 73 have the same optical path length and the same radius of light flux if T3 is set to be equal to T1. Accordingly, making all interlayer distances different is a generally employed technique to avoid the confocal crosstalk.
Non-Patent Literature 1: Ichimura et al., Appl. Opt, 45, 1974-1803 (2006), and Non-Patent Literature 2: K. Mishima et al., Proc. of SPIE, 6282, 628201 (2006) are introduced as the Prior Art Document.
As described above, the interlayer crosstalk may be avoided by increasing an interlayer distance. This however makes it difficult to increase the number of stacked recording and reading layers in the range of a limited thickness. Also, the confocal crosstalk may be avoided by making all interlayer distances different while the number of stacked recording and reading layers is increased. This however requires intermediate layers with various film thicknesses, leading to greater interlayer distances. As a result, a distance of a recording and reading layer, which is farthest from a light incident surface, from the light incident surface is increased, thereby causing an adverse effect on a comma aberration due to a tilt and the like.
Furthermore, in some cases, concavities and convexities for tracking control such as grooves and lands should be formed in each recording and reading layer. In these cases, concavities and convexities should be formed in each intermediate layer with a stamper, so that an error is likely to be generated in the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers. The respective intermediate layers may be set to have different film thicknesses in consideration of the effect of such an error generated during film deposition in advance. This however requires setting of a rather large difference between film thicknesses, resulting in more and more greater thickness of a multilayer optical recording medium.
In order to facilitate control by a recording and reading unit, recording and reading layers in a multilayer optical recording medium are generally configured to have the same reflectance determined in a stacked state of the recording and reading layers (that is a reflectance determined by a ratio between incident light and reflected light when each recording and reading layer in the completed multilayer optical recording medium is irradiated with light). Or alternatively, the recording and reading layers are generally configured to be irradiated with laser light having approximate values of laser power applied during recording. In order to achieve these, each of the recording and reading layers should be made of an optimized material, and should have an optimized film structure, an optimized film thickness and the like. This requires the recording and reading unit to set an optimum recording condition (such as recording strategy and the waveform of an irradiation pulse, for example) for each layer. In any case, the conventional idea generates the fear of increased burdens on both a side to manufacture a multilayer optical recording medium and a side to design a recording and reading unit in response to the increase of the number of stacked recording and reading layers.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned problems. It is an object of the invention to provide a multilayer optical recording medium that can prevent the degradation of a signal quality due to crosstalk and simplify the design of the multilayer optical recording medium when the medium includes multiple recording and reading layers, and further simplify recording and reading control by a recording and reading unit.
The present inventors have conducted intensive study and found that the aforementioned object is realized by the following means.
The invention to achieve the aforementioned object is intended for a multilayer optical recording medium with at least four or more recording and reading layers deposited one above the other with intermediate layers interposed therebetween, wherein information can be read by light irradiation from the layers. The multilayer optical recording medium has at least two or more recording and reading layer groups each including the recording and reading layers successively stacked in the order in which the recording and reading layers are disposed. In each of the recording and reading layer groups, a specific recording and reading layer has a reflectance in a stacked state smaller than the higher value of the reflectances in a stacked state of two successive recording and reading layers adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer a light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer. Regarding adjacent ones of the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a recording and reading layer nearest a front side in the recording and reading layer group nearer a back side has a reflectance in a stacked state higher than the higher value of the reflectances in a stacked state of two successive recording and reading layers nearest the back side in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a difference between the highest and smallest values of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest values of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, the highest value of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is the same as or smaller than the highest value of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have the same reflectance in a stacked state, or reflectances in a stacked state that decrease in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have reflectances in a stacked state that decrease monotonously in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same optical constant.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same material composition and substantially the same film thickness.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearest the light incident surface is larger than the number of the recording and reading layers included in a different one of the recording and reading layer groups.
In association with the above present invention, in the multilayer optical recording medium to achieve the aforementioned object, regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.
The present invention achieves simple design of the multilayer optical recording medium while suppressing interlayer crosstalk and confocal crosstalk in the multilayer optical recording medium. The invention also achieves simple recording and reading control by a recording and reading unit.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a multilayer optical recording medium according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and that of an optical pickup for recording and reading to and from the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the stacked structure of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIGS. 3A-3C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the formation of film thicknesses of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the formation of film thicknesses of a multilayer optical recording medium according to a second embodiment;
FIGS. 6A-6C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the formation of film thicknesses of a multilayer optical recording medium according to a third embodiment;
FIGS. 8A-8C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the formation of film thicknesses of a multilayer optical recording medium according to a fourth embodiment;
FIGS. 10A-10C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of the multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the formation of film thicknesses of a multilayer optical recording medium according to a fifth embodiment;
FIGS. 12A-12C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of a multilayer optical recording medium according to Example B of the present invention;
FIGS. 13A-13H respectively are tables and graphs showing the recording conditions and the qualities of reading signals relating to multilayer optical recording media according to Comparative Example A and Example B of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the waveforms of reading signals relating to an L0 recording and reading layer in the multilayer optical recording media according to
Comparative Example A and Example B of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the condition of reading light given to explain the principle idea of the multilayer optical recording medium of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the condition of stray light given to explain the principle idea of the multilayer optical recording medium of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the change of a stacked-layer reflectance given to explain the principle idea of the multilayer optical recording medium of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the change of a stacked-layer reflectance given to explain the principle idea of the multilayer optical recording medium of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the conditions of reading light and stray light in a multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the conditions of reading light and stray light in a multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the conditions of reading light and stray light in a multilayer optical recording medium;
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the conditions of reading light and stray light in a multilayer optical recording medium;
FIGS. 23A-23C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of a multilayer optical recording medium of a reference example; and
FIGS. 24A-24C are respective graphs and a table showing the reflectances and absorbances of a multilayer optical recording medium of a reference example.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The principle idea of a multilayer optical recording medium according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described first.
It is assumed that the multilayer optical recording medium includes intermediate layers disposed between recording and reading layers have two types of thicknesses (T1, T2), and the intermediate layers of the different types are alternately deposited one above the other. FIG. 15 shows the path of reading light (primary light) that is directly reflected off an ath recording and reading layer when the reading is made from the ath recording and reading layer. FIG. 16 shows an exemplary path of stray light having the same optical path length as that of the primary light. Here, regarding a material forming a kth recording and reading layer, the reflectance and transmittance of the kth recording and reading layer as a single layer are defined as rk and tk respectively.
Ia and Ia′, that are the respective intensities of primary light and stray light determined when reading light having an intensity of “1” enters the ath recording and reading layer, are expressed by the following formulas [1] and [2]:

Ia=(ta+1×ta+2×ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)2×ra   [1]

Ia′=(ta+2×ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)×ra+1×ta+2×ra+3×r2+2×(ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)=(ta+2×ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)2×ra+1×ra+2×ra+3   [2]

Accordingly, the intensity ratio Ia′/Ia between the stray light and the primary light is expressed by the following formula [3]:

Ia′/Ia=(ta+2×ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)2×ra+1×ra+2×ra+3/(ta+1×ta+2×ta+3× . . . ×ta+n)2×ra=(ra+1×ra+2×ra+3)/(ta+12×ra)   [3]

In the multilayer optical recording medium in which the intermediate layers of the different thicknesses are alternately disposed one above the other, the effect of confocal crosstalk in the ath recording and reading layer should be reduced, namely the ratio of the intensity of stray light determined by the formula [3] should be reduced. It is seen from the foregoing that such reduction is effectively achieved by the three ideas as follows:
(1) Increase of the reflectance ra of the ath layer;
(2) Reduction of the reflectances ra+1, ra+2 and ra+3 of three layers including (a+1)th, (a+2)th and (a+3)th layers that are adjacent three layers nearer a light incident surface (front side) than the ath layer; and
(3) Increase of the transmittance ta+1 of the (a+1)th layer (adjacent to the ath recording and reading layer and nearer the front side than the ath layer).
In order for these ideas to be applicable to all recording and reading layers, all the recording and reading layers except the recording and reading layer that cannot be positioned nearer the front side than the other layers, namely a recording and reading layer farthest from the light incident surface (nearest the back side), can have reduced reflectances and increased transmittances. In terms of design of the medium, this is achieved considerably simply if all the recording and reading layer except the recording and reading layer nearest the back side have the same reflectance r and the same transmittance t that are the reflectance and the transmittance of each of the recording and reading layers as a single layer. In this case, the reflectance r of each of the recording and reading layers is made low, and the transmittance t thereof is made high. The simplest way in terms of design of the medium is certainly that all recording and reading layers including the recording and reading layer nearest the back side have the same reflectance r and the same transmittance t, although this configuration lessens the effect of stray light reduction in the recording and reading layer nearest the back side.
In the multilayer optical recording medium, the reflectance R in a stacked state (hereinafter called stacked-layer reflectance) observed in a recording and reading layer is lower as the recording and reading layer is nearer the back side if different recording and reading layers have the same optical constant, namely the same reflectance r and the same transmittance t. Accordingly, supposing that all recording and reading layers have the same reflectance r and the same transmittance t, the stacked-layer reflectance R decreases monotonously in the order from a recording and reading layer nearer the front side toward a recording and reading layer nearer the back side. A reflectance in a stacked state means a reflectance determined by a ratio between incident light and reflected light generated in response to irradiation of a specific recording and reading layer in the completed multilayer optical recording medium with light.
Forming a plurality of recording and reading layers of the same recording material into the same film thickness is a convenient way in order for the recording and reading layers to have the same optical constant. This reasonably reduces burdens on the manufacture and the design of the medium. In conclusion, in order to achieve the idea and the concept of the multilayer optical recording medium according to the present invention, it is preferable that recording materials forming a plurality of recording and reading layers have the same composition, and that the recording and reading layers have the same film thickness.
It should be noted that substantially the same composition and substantially the same film thickness of recording and reading layers of the multilayer optical recording medium mean that the recording and reading layers have substantially the same result achieved by measuring the film thickness of a test sample with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM), with the sample being obtained by cutting a disc in the direction of a cross section with a microtome, and by analyzing the composition of the test sample using an energy dispersive spectroscopy equipped with either microscope. It may be considered that the recording and reading layers have the same material composition and the same film thickness if this condition is satisfied.
A transmittance tk is higher than 0 and smaller than 1. Accordingly, the intensity of reflected light Ia decreases as the number (n+1) of recording and reading layers increases. An SNR (signal to noise ratio) decreases if the intensity of reflected light Ia is too low to reach the limit of sensitivity of a photodetector in an optical pickup. There is a limit in increasing the number of recording and reading layers further while all recording and reading layers have the same composition and the same film thickness.
Accordingly, in a design stage, it is preferable to sequentially deposit recording and reading layers having the same optical constant one above the other in the order from the light incident surface toward the back side, and when the stacked-layer reflectance R of a specific recording and reading layer becomes a lower limit capable of being handled by the optical pickup, form a recording and reading layer adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer the back side than the specific recording and reading layer of a different recording material into a different film thickness (meaning that a second recording material and a second film thickness are employed). To be specific, the single-layer reflectance r of a recording and reading layer is made higher than that of a recording and reading layer nearer the front side by a predetermined value or more. This increases the stacked-layer reflectance R of the specific recording and reading layer (stacked-layer reflectance R turns to increase), so that the stacked-layer reflectance R can be handled again by the optical pickup. Then, recording and reading layers again continue to be deposited one above the other sequentially to get nearer the back side by using the second recording material and the second film thickness until the lower limit of sensitivity capable of being handled by the optical pickup is achieved. The variation of the reflectance R in a stacked state (difference between the highest and smallest values of those of all recording and reading layers) can be reduced and the number of types of recording and reading layers (material composition and film thickness) can be reduced by repeating the aforementioned design process. In the present invention, one group is formed from a plurality of recording and reading layers having the same optical constant as they have substantially the same material composition and substantially the same film thickness, and the group thereby formed is regarded as one recording and reading layer group.
FIG. 17 shows an exemplary structure of a multilayer optical recording medium having two recording and reading layer groups A and B and which is formed based on the aforementioned idea and the concept. In the recording and reading layer group A nearest the light incident surface, the stacked-layer reflectance R decreases monotonously in the order from a recording and reading layer (Ln−1 layer) nearest the light incident surface toward a recording and reading layer (Lk layer) nearest the back side. Likewise, in the recording and reading layer group B adjacent to the recording and reading layer group A and nearer the back side than the recording and reading layer group A, the stacked-layer reflectance R decreases monotonously in the order from a recording and reading layer (Lk−1 layer) nearest the light incident surface toward a recording and reading layer (L0 layer) nearest the back side.
Further, the reflectance RK−1 in a stacked state of the recording and reading layer (Lk−1 layer) nearest the light incident surface in the recording and reading layer group B is higher than the higher value of the reflectances Rk and Rk+1 in a stacked state of two recording and reading layers (Lk and Lk+1 layers) nearest the back side in the recording and reading layer group A. This reversed order of the reflectances makes a distinction between the recording and reading layer groups A and B. In other words, in each of the recording and reading layer groups A and B, it is required for a specific recording and reading layer to have a reflectance in a stacked state smaller than the higher value of the reflectances in a stacked state of two recording and reading layers adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer the light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer. As shown, for example, in FIG. 18, in the recording and reading layer group A, the reflectance Rk+1 in a stacked state of the recording and reading layer (Lk+1 layer) may be higher than the reflectance Rk+2 in a stacked state of a recording and reading layer (Lk+2 layer) adjacent to the recording and reading layer (Lk+1 layer) and nearer the light incident surface than the recording and reading layer (Lk+1 layer). At the same time, the reflectance Rk+1 in a stacked state of the recording and reading layer (Lk+1 layer) may be smaller than the reflectance Rk+3 of a recording and reading layer (Lk+3 layer) adjacent to the recording and reading layer (Lk+2 layer) and nearer the light incident surface than the recording and reading layer (Lk+2 layer). The reason therefor is that this condition allows a stacked-layer reflectance to tend to decrease in the entire recording and reading layer group A though some increase or decrease of the reflectance might happen.
Referring back to FIG. 17, a ratio between the respective stacked-layer reflectances (Rn−1 and Rk) of the recording and reading layers (Ln−1 and Lk layers) in the recording and reading layer group A is determined by the limitation of a dynamic range of the same reflectance that can be handled by a generally employed optical pickup. The aforementioned ratio preferably falls within a ratio of 5:1 and desirably, falls within a range of 4:1. To be specific, it is preferable that Rk/Rn−1≧1/5 be satisfied, and desirable that Rk/Rn−1≧1/4 be satisfied. This also applies to the recording and reading layer group B.
Too large a difference between the reflectances Rk and Rk−1 of the Lk and Lk−1 layers may make the control of the focus servo of the Lk layer difficult as the focus servo of the Lk layer having a smaller reflectance may be affected by the reflection of the Lk−1 layer. More specifically, in terms of the focus servo of the Lk layer, a ratio between the reflectances Rk−1 and Rk preferably falls within a ratio of 3:1, namely it is preferable that Rk/Rn−1≧1/3 be satisfied. The ratio between the reflectances Rk−1 and Rk more desirably falls within a ratio of 2:1. This is achieved desirably by making the reflectance Rk−1 of the recording and reading layer (Lk−1 layer) nearest the light incident surface in the recording and reading layer group B be substantially the same as or smaller than the reflectance Rn−1 of the recording and reading layer (Ln−1 layer) nearest the light incident surface in the recording and reading layer group A.
The reflectance Rk in a stacked state of the Lk layer is desirably a small value as long as the optical pickup or a system permits. This allows the recording and reading layer group A nearest the front side to contain a large number of recording and reading layers. Further, the recording and reading layer group A nearest the front side can reduce the monotonous reduction (gradient in the graph) of a stacked-layer reflectance further as seen from the amount of reflected light Ia of the primary light determined by the formula [1], allowing the increase of the number of recording and reading layers to belong to the recording and reading layer group A. The reflectance R0 of the L0 layer may be at any values smaller than Rk−1, but like the reflectance Rk, it is desirably a small value as long as the optical pickup or the system permits. As a result, the number of recording and reading layers is also allowed to be increased in the recording and reading layer group B.
As seen from the foregoing, regarding the numbers of recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer groups A and B, the recording and reading layer group A nearer the light incident surface preferably has a greater number of recording and reading layers. The single-layer reflectance r of each of recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group B farther from the light incident surface is set to be higher than the single-layer reflectance r of each of the recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group A. As already described above, the amount of reflected light Ia of the primary light determined by the formula [1] shows that the reduction of the amount of light reflected off each of the recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group B nearer the back side, namely the monotonous reduction of a stacked-layer reflectance (gradients of the graphs shown in FIGS. 17 and 18) is larger than the monotonous reduction of a stacked-layer reflectance of each of the recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group A nearer the front side. This means that there is a wider range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance among the recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group B nearer the back side than that among the recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group A nearer the front side. Accordingly, under these circumstances, it is desirable to allow the recording and reading layer group A nearer the front side and having a narrower range of reflectance variation to include as many recording and reading layers as possible in order to narrow a range of stacked-layer reflectance variation among all the recording and reading layers.
The basic idea described above is summarized as follows. Regarding the recording and reading layer groups A and B, it is important to make a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group B nearer the back side smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all recording and reading layers belonging to the recording and reading layer group A nearer the front side.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the structure of a multilayer optical recording medium 10 according to a first embodiment, and the structure of an optical pickup 700 used for recording and reading to and from the multilayer optical recording medium 10.
The optical pickup 700 includes an optical system 710. The optical system 710 performs recording and reading to and from a recording and reading layer group 14 of the multilayer optical recording medium 10. A diverging beam 770 having a relatively short wavelength of a blue color of from 380 to 450 nm (here, 405 nm) emitted from a light source 701 passes through a collimating lens 753 with spherical aberration correcting means 793, and thereafter enters a polarizing beam splitter 752. The beam 770 having entered the polarizing beam splitter 752 passes through the polarizing beam splitter 752, and thereafter passes through a quarter-wave plate 754 to be converted to circularly polarized light. Next, the beam 770 is converted to a convergent beam by an objective lens 756. The beam 770 is focused on any one of a plurality of recording and reading layers forming the group 14 in the multilayer optical recording medium 10.
The beam 770 reflected off the polarizing beam splitter 752 passes through a condensing lens 759 to be converted to convergent light, and thereafter enters a photodetector 732 through a cylindrical lens 757. The beam 770 is given astigmatism when passing through the cylindrical lens 757. The photodetector 732 includes four light receiving sections not shown each of which output a current signal corresponding to the amount of received light. These current signals are used to generate a focus error (hereinafter called FE) signal based on the astigmatism method, a tracking error (hereinafter called TE) signal based on the push-pull method employed only during reading, a reading signal for reading information recorded in the multilayer optical recording medium 10, and others. The FE and TE signals are subjected to amplification and phase compensation at desirable levels, and are thereafter fed back to actuators 791 and 792 to be used for focus control and tracking control.
FIG. 2 shows the structure in cross section of the multilayer optical recording medium 10 in an enlarged manner.
The multilayer optical recording medium 10 is in the form of a disk having an outer diameter of approximately 120 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.2 mm, and includes four or more recording and reading layers. The multilayer optical recording medium 10 includes a cover layer 11, a second recording and reading layer group 13B, a first recording and reading layer group 13A, an intermediate layer group 16, and a support substrate 12 in the order as viewed from a light incident surface 10A.
The support substrate 12 is given grooves with a track pitch of 0.32 μm. Various materials such as glass, ceramics and resin are applicable to form the support substrate 12. Of the materials cited, resin is preferred in terms of easiness of molding. Examples of the resin include polycarbonate resins, olefin resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polystyrene resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, silicone resins, fluorine-based resins, ABS resins, and urethane resins. Of the resins cited, polycarbonate resins and olefin resins are preferred in terms, for example, of easiness of processing. The support substrate 12 is not required to have high light-transmitting properties as it does not form an optical path of the beam 770.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B each include a plurality of recording and reading layers successively stacked in the order in which the recording and reading layers are disposed. Specifically, the first recording and reading layer group 13A has a four-layered structure with L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D. The second recording and reading layer group 13B has a six-layered structure with L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J.
In each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, a specific recording and reading layer has a stacked-layer reflectance smaller than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of two successive recording and reading layers adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer the light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer. As an example, in the first recording and reading layer group 13A, the L1 recording and reading layer 14B has a stacked-layer reflectance smaller than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of the two L2 and L3 recording and reading layers 14C and 14D adjacent to the L1 recording and reading layer 14B and nearer the light incident surface than the L1 recording and reading layer 14B. In the first recording and reading layer group 13A, the L3 recording and reading layer 14D is the only one layer adjacent to the L2 recording and reading layer 14C and nearer the light incident surface than the L2 recording and reading layer 14C. Accordingly, the L2 recording and reading layer 14C has a stacked-layer reflectance smaller than that of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D. Satisfying this condition makes it possible to decrease a stacked-layer reflectance in the order from the light incident surface toward the back side in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B while some increase or decrease of the reflectance is allowed for.
In the present embodiment, the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B have the same stacked-layer reflectance, or stacked-layer reflectances that decrease in the order from a front side near the light incident surface toward a back side far from the light incident surface. In particular, in the present embodiment, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases monotonously in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Accordingly, in the first recording and reading layer group 13A, the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the light incident surface has the highest stacked-layer reflectance, and the L0 recording and reading layer 14A has the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. Likewise, in the second recording and reading layer group 13B, the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the light incident surface has the highest stacked-layer reflectance, and the L4 recording and reading layer 14E has the smallest stacked-layer reflectance.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B are adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of the two L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 14E and 14F (here, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L5 recording and reading layer 14F) that are nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the front side. To be specific, a stacked-layer reflectance decreases in the order from the L9 recording and reading layer 14J toward the L4 recording and reading layer 14E with respect to the light incident surface and in which these layers are disposed. However, the stacked-layer reflectance increases once at the L3 recording and reading layer 14D to a level at least higher than those of two layers adjacent to the L3 recording and reading layer 14D and nearer the front side than the L3 recording and reading layer 14D. Then, the stacked-layer reflectance again starts to decrease in the order toward the L0 recording and reading layer 14A and in which the layers are disposed.
Further, regarding the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side is smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the front side. More specifically, a difference between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the front side and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 14A nearest the back side in the first recording and reading layer group 13A is smaller than a difference between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the front side and that of the L4 recording and reading layer 14E nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
Also, regarding the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, the highest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side is the same as or smaller than the highest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the front side. More specifically, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the front side in the first recording and reading layer group 13A is the same as or smaller than that of the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the front side in the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
The aforementioned setting of the stacked-layer reflectances makes it possible for the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearest the light incident surface to include more recording and reading layers (six layers) than the number of the recording and reading layers (four layers) belonging to a different recording and reading layer group (here, adjacent first recording and reading layer group 13A).
Film design to achieve the aforementioned stacked-layer reflectance is such that the optical reflectance, absorbance and others of each of the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J as a single layer are optimized in response to the beam 770 in a wavelength range of a blue color in the optical system 710. In the present embodiment, all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A have substantially the same optical constant. To achieve this, the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D have substantially the same material composition and substantially the same film thickness. Likewise, all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B have substantially the same optical constant. To achieve this, the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J have substantially the same material composition and substantially the same film thickness.
More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 13A farther from the light incident surface have a first single-layer reflectance that is the reflectance of each of the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer reflectance), and a first single-layer absorbance that is the absorbance of each of the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer absorbance). To be specific, the first single-layer reflectance is set to 1.9%, and the first single-layer absorbance is set to 6.5%.
Further, the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the light incident surface have a second single-layer reflectance and a second single-layer absorbance smaller than the first single-layer reflectance and the first single-layer absorbance. To be specific, the second single-layer reflectance is set to 1.1%, and the second single-layer absorbance is set to 4.5%. As described above, in the present embodiment, the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Further, the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Thus, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases monotonously and sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface in each of the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Further, since the single-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 13A is higher than that in the second recording and reading layer group 13B, this makes the stacked-layer reflectance of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D higher than that of the L4 recording and reading layer 14E.
Employing the film design described above makes it possible to form the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D into substantially the same film thickness by using substantially the same material. This film design also makes it possible to form the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J into substantially the same film thickness by using substantially the same material. This realizes significant reduction of manufacturing cost.
The L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J each have a structure with three to five layers including dielectric films and the like formed on opposite sides of a write-once recording film (not shown). The dielectric films and the like of each of the recording and reading layers have a basic function to protect the write-once recording film. These dielectric films also function to enlarge a difference between optical characteristics before formation of a recording mark and those after the formation, and to enhance recording sensitivity.
The present embodiment includes successive recording and reading layers, and shows the exemplary structure with two recording and reading layer groups in each of which a stacked-layer reflectance decreases sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface. Meanwhile, the present embodiment is required to have at least two or more groups, and preferably, three or more recording and reading layer groups.
If energy in large quantities is absorbed in the dielectric films, recording sensitivity is likely to be reduced when irradiated with the beam 770. This is avoided preferably by selecting a material having a low absorption coefficient (k) in a wavelength range of from 380 nm to 450 nm (in particular, 405 nm) to form these dielectric films. The present embodiment uses TiO2 as a material of the dielectric films.
The write-once recording film interposed between the dielectric films is a film in which an irreversible recording mark is formed. Part of the write-once recording film with the recording mark and the other part of the write-once recording film (blank region) have significantly different reflectances to the beam 770, thereby realizing recording and reading of data.
The write-once recording film is formed by using a material containing Bi and O as a principal component. The write-once recording film functions as an inorganic reaction film, and the reflectance thereof largely varies in response to its chemical or physical change caused by the heat of laser light. The principal component of the write-once recording film is preferably Bi—O, or Bi-M-O (M is at least one element selected from Mg, Ca, Y, Dy, Ce, Tb, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Sb, Li, Na, K, Sr, Ba, Sc, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga and Pb). In the present embodiment, Bi—Ge—O is used as a material of the write-once recording film.
The L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J are shown to have write-once recording films. Meanwhile, phase-change recording films for repeatable recording may also be used. In this case, that phase-change recording films are preferably made of SbTeGe.
As shown in FIG. 4, the intermediate layer group 16 includes first to ninth intermediate layers 16A to 16I provided in this order as viewed from the opposite side of the light incident surface 10A. The first to ninth intermediate layers 16A to 16I are disposed between the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J. The intermediate layers 16A to 16I are each made of an acrylic or epoxy UV-curable resin. A first distance T1 of 10 μm or more, and a second distance T2 greater than the first distance T1 by 3 μm or more, are alternately set as the thicknesses of the intermediate layers 16A to 16I. More specifically, the first and second distances T1 and T2 preferably have a difference of from 3 μm to 5 μm therebetween, and more preferably, have a difference of 4 μm or more therebetween.
The multilayer optical recording medium 10 employs the first distance T1 of 12 μm, and the second distance T2 of 16 μm. The first to ninth intermediate layers 16A to 16I arranged in this order as viewed from the back side have film thicknesses of 12 μm, 16 μm, 12 μm, 16 μm, 12 μm, 16 μm, 12 μm, 16 μm, and 12 μm, respectively. That is, the intermediate layers of the two film thicknesses (16 μm and 12 μm) are alternately disposed one above the other, and this reduces both interlayer crosstalk and confocal crosstalk as described in more detail later.
In particular, the fourth intermediate layer 16D interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B is set to have the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness. This means that the fourth intermediate layer 16D has a film thickness greater than that of the second intermediate layer 16C adjacent to the fourth intermediate layer 16D while the L3 recording and reading layer 14D is interposed therebetween, and greater than that of the fifth intermediate layer 16E adjacent to the fourth intermediate layer 16D while the L4 recording and reading layer 14E is interposed therebetween.
As already described above, regarding the adjacent L3 and L4 recording and reading layers 14D and 14E belonging to the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, respectively, the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed). Accordingly, during reading from the L4 recording and reading layer 14E nearer the front side, light reflected off the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearer the back side easily mixes into reading light. To cope with this, the fourth intermediate layer 16D interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B has a greater film thickness to reduce the interlayer crosstalk.
Like the intermediate layer group 16, the cover layer 11 is made of a light-transmitting acrylic UV-curable resin, and has a film thickness of 50 μm.
A method of manufacturing the multilayer optical recording medium 10 will next be described. First, the support substrate 12 with grooves and lands formed thereon is formed by injection molding of a polycarbonate resin with a metal stamper. The process of forming the support substrate 12 is not limited to such an injection molding. The support substrate 12 may also be formed by other processes such as the 2P process.
Next, the L0 recording and reading layer 14A is formed on the surface of the support substrate 12 with the grooves and lands formed thereon.
More specifically, a dielectric film, a write-once recording film, and a dielectric film are formed in this order by vapor-phase growth method, which is preferably sputtering. Next, the first intermediate layer 16A is formed on the L0 recording and reading layer 14A. The first intermediate layer 16A is formed, for example, by depositing a UV-curable resin with a controlled viscosity by spin-coating and the like, and then by curing the deposited UV-curable resin by irradiation with an ultraviolet ray. These processes are repeated to form the L1 recording and reading layer 14B, the second intermediate layer 16B, the L2 recording and reading layer 14C, the third intermediate layer 16C, and the other layers that are sequentially disposed in this order one above the other.
After formation of the L9 recording and reading layer 14J, the cover layer 11 is formed on the L9 recording and reading layer 14J to complete the multilayer optical recording medium 10. The cover layer 11 is formed, for example, by depositing an acrylic or epoxy UV-curable resin with a controlled viscosity by spin-coating and the like, and then by curing the deposited UV-curable resin by irradiation with an ultraviolet ray. The manufacturing method of the invention is not limited to the aforementioned manufacturing method of the present embodiment, but other manufacturing techniques are also applicable.
The action of the multilayer optical recording medium 10 will next be described.
The multilayer optical recording medium 10 includes the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. In each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, a specific recording and reading layer has a stacked-layer reflectance smaller than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of two successive recording and reading layers within the group that are adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer the light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer. Applying this idea to the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B allows a stacked-layer reflectance to tend to decrease in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B in the order from the light incident surface toward the back side. In the present embodiment, the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B have the same stacked-layer reflectance, or stacked-layer reflectances that decrease in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface. In particular, in the present embodiment, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases monotonously in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B.
As described above, the stacked-layer reflectance of each recording and reading layer tends to decrease in the order toward the back side in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Accordingly, during reading from a specific recording and reading layer, light reflected off an adjacent recording and reading layer nearer the back side than the specific recording and reading layer does not mix into reading light. This makes it possible to suppress the crosstalk even if the thickness of the intermediate layers is reduced, allowing increase of the number of stacked recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B.
In a reference example shown in FIGS. 23A-23C, the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J may decrease sequentially in the order from the light incident surface, for example. This makes a difference too large between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the light incident surface and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 14A farthest from the light incident surface. Accordingly, in this case, the number of stacked layers is difficult to increase due to limitation of the optical pickup. In another reference example shown in FIGS. 24A-24C, all the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J may have approximate stacked-layer reflectances. This requires individual settings of the single-layer reflectances and absorbances of the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J, leading to considerably complicated manufacturing processes. As a result, a manufacturing error becomes influential and design to be made should leave room for the error and others, making it difficult to increase the number of stacked layers.
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, regarding the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of the two L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 14E and 14F (here, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L5 recording and reading layer 14F) that are nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the front side. To be specific, a stacked-layer reflectance decreases in the order from the L9 recording and reading layer 14J toward the L4 recording and reading layer 14E with respect to the light incident surface and in which these layers are disposed. However, the stacked-layer reflectance increases once at the L3 recording and reading layer 14D to a level at least higher than those of two layers adjacent to the L3 recording and reading layer 14D and nearer the front side than the L3 recording and reading layer 14D.
As described above, a stacked-layer reflectance is designed individually for each of two or more groups to allocate the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J to the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. This makes it possible to make a difference small between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the light incident surface and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 14A farthest from the light incident surface. More specifically, regarding the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L9 recording and reading layers 14A to 14J, the highest stacked-layer reflectance is five times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. It is preferable that the highest stacked-layer reflectance be four times or less, and desirably, three times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. In the first embodiment, the highest stacked-layer reflectance is smaller than a reflectance that is less than three times the smallest stacked-layer reflectance (2.5 times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance) even when the number of the actually stacked layers is ten. As a result, a ratio between the highest and smallest stacked-layer reflectances is allowed to fall within a dynamic range of the same reflectance that can be handled by a generally employed optical pickup.
In particular, in the present embodiment, regarding the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side is smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the front side.
To be specific, the highest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side is the same as or smaller than the highest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B. Further, the smallest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side is the same as or larger than the smallest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B. Still further, a smaller number of recording and reading layers (four layers) are included in the first recording and reading layer group 13A than the number of recording and reading layers (six layers) in the second recording and reading layer group 13B. Accordingly, while the largest possible number of recording and reading layers are disposed one above the other, a range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 13A can be made narrower than that in a stacked-layer reflectance in the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
The aforementioned stacked structure makes it possible to deposit recording and reading layers of the same film thickness made of the same material one above the other in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Accordingly, conditions for film deposition are not required to be determined separately for the recording and reading layers, allowing significant reduction of a design burden and a manufacturing burden. As a result, recording and reading layers have substantially the same optical constant in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Further, a recording and reading unit reduces variation in conditions for recording and reading as substantially the same recording and reading layers are stacked in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, making it possible to simplify recording and reading control (recording strategy). If recording and reading layers of various types having different single-layer reflectances and single-layer absorbances are disposed one above the other in a complicated style, optimum recording and reading control should be found empirically with great difficulty.
The interlayer crosstalk is likely to occur between the L4 and L3 recording and reading layers 14E and 14D having stacked-layer reflectances of a reversed order as described above. In the present embodiment, the fourth intermediate layer 16D disposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B has a film thickness of 16 μm greater than the other of the two film thicknesses of intermediate layers. Accordingly, the film thickness of the fourth intermediate layer 16D can also suppress the interlayer crosstalk.
In the multilayer optical recording medium 10, intermediate layers of a first film thickness (12 μm) and intermediate layers of a second film thickness (16 μm) which is larger than the first film thickness are alternately disposed one above the other while the respective recording and reading layers 14A to 14J are interposed between the intermediate layers.
By referring to the confocal crosstalk phenomena shown in FIGS. 19 to 22, the light intensity of the beams 71 to 73 reflected off multiple surfaces are generally smaller than that of the beam 70, for example. Meanwhile, the beams 71 to 73 enter the photodetector with the same optical path length and with the same radius of light flux, generating rather influential interference. Accordingly, the amount of light received by the photodetector varies largely in response to the minute change of an interlayer thickness, making it difficult to detect a stable signal.
A design technique of the multilayer optical recording medium 10 will be described below.
An example of division into recording and reading layer groups will next be described. First, a specific condition for film deposition (second condition for film deposition) is determined for recording and reading layers to be disposed nearest the light incident surface, and the recording and reading layers are sequentially deposited one above the other with respect to the light incident surface. When reading power at a level not causing reading degradation is applied to the recording and reading layers, the amount of light returning to the photodetector 732 after being reflected off each recording and reading layer approaches a limit value of handling by an evaluation unit, or a limit value of laser power (limit value of recording sensitivity) required for formation of a recording mark in a recording and reading layer (alteration of a recording layer) is approached. The number of the aforementioned recording and reading layers to be stacked can be increased to a number by which one of these limit values is approached. If a recording and reading layer nearest the back side achieves the aforementioned limit values of the reflected light and the recording sensitivity, the recording and reading layers stacked so far are categorized in a recording and reading layer group. In the present embodiment, the L9 to L4 recording and reading layers 14J to 14E are categorized in the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
A next process is to design the recording and reading layers to be disposed on a side nearer the back side than the second recording and reading layer group 13B. The aforementioned limit values of the intensity of reflected light and the recording sensitivity are exceeded if the condition for film deposition applied for the second recording and reading layer group 13B is also applied here. Accordingly, in order for these limit values not to be exceeded, a next condition for film deposition (first condition for film deposition) is determined such that recording and reading layers have a higher single-layer reflectance and a higher single-layer absorbance.
At this time, it is important to determine a degree of increase of a single-layer reflectance. In the present embodiment, it is designed such that the stacked-layer reflectance of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D that is to be deposited next (recording and reading layer nearest the front side in the recording and reading layer group 13A) is made higher at least than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of the two L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 14E and 14F (here, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L5 recording and reading layer 14F) that are nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 13B. The stacked-layer reflectance of the L3 recording and reading layer 14D is also made the same as or smaller than the highest value of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J in the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
Recording and reading layers for which the first condition for film deposition is determined are sequentially deposited one above the other to get nearer the back side. Like the second recording and reading layer group 13B, the number of the recording and reading layers to be stacked can be increased to a number by which the amount of reflected light reaches a limit value of handling by the evaluation unit, or a limit value of laser power is reached. Or, the number of the recording and reading layers to be stacked may also be increased to a target number. To be specific, it is preferable that a lower limit of the stacked-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 13A be the same as or smaller than the lower limit employed for the second recording and reading layer group 13B.
The recording and reading layers stacked so far are categorized in a recording and reading layer group after the aforementioned lower limit is achieved. In the present embodiment, the L3 to L0 recording and reading layers 14D to 14A are categorized in the first recording and reading layer group 13A. A target number of stacked layers is ten in the first embodiment. Accordingly, the target is attained when the first recording and reading layer group 13A is formed to be grouped. As the reason will be described in more detail later, if a larger number of layers are to be stacked one above the other, a new condition for film deposition may be determined such that recording and reading layers have a still higher single-layer reflectance and a still higher single-layer absorbance. Then, these recording and reading layers are deposited one above the other to get nearer the back side, and are categorized in a new recording and reading layer group.
The L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 14E to 14J nearer the light incident surface have the same structure to enhance convenience of design and manufacture. Also, the four L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D farther from the light incident surface are formed of recording films of the same structure to enhance convenience while they are designed to have a single-layer reflectance higher than that of the six layers nearer the front side. If recording and reading layers of the same structure are disposed one above the other, the amount of light returning to the photodetector 732 after being reflected off each of the stacked recording and reading layers naturally decreases monotonously in proportion to the square of the transmittance of the recording and reading layer as the recording and reading layer goes farther to the back side from the light incident surface. Further, laser power reaching each of the recording and reading layers naturally decreases in proportion to the transmittance of the recording and reading layer as the recording and reading layer goes farther to the back side from the light incident surface.
In the example shown in the present embodiment, the same condition for film deposition is applied to one group to make a stacked-layer reflectance decrease monotonously. Meanwhile, a condition for film deposition is not necessarily required to be the same in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Some increase or decrease of a stacked-layer reflectance may be allowed in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B if a condition for film deposition is not the same in each of the groups as long as a stacked-layer reflectance observed as a whole tends to decrease. More specifically, the stacked-layer reflectance of a specific recording and reading layer is made smaller than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of two successive recording and reading layers adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer the light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer. As an example, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L5 recording and reading layer 14F may be smaller than the higher value of the stacked-layer reflectances of the successive L6 and L7 recording and reading layers 14G and 14H (here, the stacked-layer reflectance of the L7 recording and reading layer 14H) that are adjacent to the L5 recording and reading layer 14F and nearer the light incident surface than the L5 recording and reading layer 14F.
In the multilayer optical recording medium 10, intermediate layers of two film thicknesses of 10 μm or more are alternately used to reduce the effects of the interlayer crosstalk and the confocal crosstalk at the same time. An intermediate layer of a film thickness greater than the other of the two film thicknesses is used to further reduce the interlayer crosstalk at the boundary between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Thus, the intermediate layer disposed between the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B is designed to have a greater film thickness while the intermediate layers of the two types are alternately disposed in consideration of the number of stacked recording and reading layers to belong to each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B, and the number of intermediate layers.
Recording and reading layers before and after the change point of a material composition that are, for example, the L4 and L3 recording and reading layers 14E and 14D are compared. A result of the comparison is such that the amount of light returning to the photodetector 732 after being reflected off the L3 recording and reading layer 14D is considerably larger than that returning to the photodetector 732 after being reflected off the L4 recording and reading layer 14E. This means that the difference in the amount of reflected light between the L4 and L3 recording and reading layers 14E and 14D is larger than a difference between recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. Making a difference larger in the amount of reflected light between the recording and reading layers before and after the change point for a material composition allows increase of the number of recording and reading layers to be categorized in the first recording and reading layer group 13A nearer the back side. Meanwhile, the L4 recording and reading layer 14E of a smaller amount of reflected light receives interlayer stray light from the L3 recording and reading layer 14D having a higher single-layer reflectance and providing a larger amount of reflected light to return to the photodetector 732. This interlayer stray light considerably affects the signal quality and the servo characteristics of the L4 recording and reading layer 14E. Accordingly, it is important to make the aforementioned difference in the amount of reflected light smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest stacked-layer reflectances in the second recording and reading layer group 13B nearer the light incident surface 16 μm greater than the other of the two film thicknesses of intermediate layers is disposed between the L4 and L3 recording and reading layers 14E and 14D in consideration of the generation of the interlayer crosstalk. This eliminates the factors of confocal crosstalk such as that shown in FIG. 20.
A multilayer optical recording medium 110 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will next be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. Components described below are denoted by reference numerals with the last two digits common to those of the reference numerals given to the corresponding components of the multilayer optical recording medium of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the structure of the multilayer optical recording medium 110 including a sectional view is not shown in the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 5, the multilayer optical recording medium 110 has a stacked structure with 16 layers including L0 to L15 recording and reading layers 114A to 114P disposed one above the other in the order from a back side with respect to a light incident surface. First to fifteenth intermediate layers 116A to 116O are disposed one above the other between the L0 to L15 recording and reading layers 114A to 114P.
The multilayer optical recording medium 110 has first and second recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B. As shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, the first and second recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B each include a plurality of recording and reading layers successively disposed one above the other in the order in which the layers are stacked. The stacked-layer reflectance of each one of the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B decreases in the order from a front side near the light incident surface toward a back side far from the light incident surface.
More specifically, the first recording and reading layer group 113A has a five-layered structure with the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E. The second recording and reading layer group 113B has an eleven-layered structure with the L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 114F to 114P. This means that the number of the recording and reading layers belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 113A nearer the back side is made smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 113B nearer the front side.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B are adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B, the L4 recording and reading layer 114E nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 113A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than those of two layers (namely, L5 and L6 recording and reading layers 114F and 114G) nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 113B nearer the front side.
Film design to achieve the aforementioned stacked-layer reflectance is such that the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 113A each have a first single-layer reflectance that is the reflectance of each of the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer reflectance), and a first single-layer absorbance that is the absorbance of each of the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer absorbance). To be specific, the first single-layer reflectance is set to 1.5%, and the first single-layer absorbance is set to 6.9%.
The L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 114F to 114P belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 113B nearer the light incident surface each have a second single-layer reflectance and a second single-layer absorbance smaller than the first single-layer reflectance and the first single-layer absorbance. To be specific, the second single-layer reflectance is set to 0.7%, and the second single-layer absorbance is set to 4.5%.
As described above, in the second embodiment, the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E in the first recording and reading layer group 113A have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Further, the L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 114F to 114P in the second recording and reading layer group 113B have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Thus, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface in each of the first and second recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B. Further, the single-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 113A is higher than that in the second recording and reading layer group 113B, and accordingly, this makes the stacked-layer reflectance of the L4 recording and reading layer 114E higher than that of the L5 recording and reading layer 114F.
In the second embodiment, regarding the recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B, a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 114A to 114E in the first recording and reading layer group 113A nearer the back side is smaller than a difference between the highest and smallest values of the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 114F to 114P in the second recording and reading layer group 113B nearer the front side.
A first distance T1 (12 μm) of 10 μm or more, and a second distance T2 (16 μm) greater than the first distance T1 by 3 μm or more, are alternately set as the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers 116A to 116O. In the multilayer optical recording medium 110, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and other intermediate layers 116A, 116B, 116C, 116D, 116E, 116F, and the other arranged in this order as viewed from the back side have film thicknesses of 16 μm and 12 μm that are repeatedly employed in this order. That is, the intermediate layers of the two film thicknesses (16 μm and 12 μm) are alternately stacked.
Further, in the second embodiment, the fifth intermediate layer 116E interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B has the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness. This means that the fifth intermediate layer 116E has a film thickness greater than those of the fourth and sixth intermediate layers 116D and 116F adjacent to the fifth intermediate layer 116E while the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 114E and 114F on the opposite sides are respectively disposed therebetween. As already described above, regarding the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 114E and 114F, the L4 recording and reading layer 114E nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed), resulting in a high probability of generation of interlayer crosstalk. In response, the fifth intermediate layer 116E interposed between the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 114E and 114F has a greater film thickness to reduce the interlayer crosstalk.
The second embodiment makes a difference small between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L15 recording and reading layer 114P nearest the light incident surface and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 114A farthest from the light incident surface. More specifically, regarding the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L15 recording and reading layers 114A to 114P, the highest stacked-layer reflectance is five times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. It is preferable that the highest stacked-layer reflectance be four times or less, and desirably, three times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. The highest stacked-layer reflectance is actually smaller than a reflectance that is four times the smallest stacked-layer reflectance while as many as 16 layers are stacked. This relationship between the highest and smallest stacked-layer reflectances is also applied to each of the recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B.
The aforementioned stacked structure makes it possible to dispose recording and reading layers of the same film thickness made of the same material one above the other in each of the recording and reading layer groups of 113A and 113B. This allows significant reduction of a design burden and a manufacturing burden. Further, the variation in conditions for recording and reading may be small in a recording and reading unit as the recording and reading layers having substantially the same characteristics are stacked in each of the recording and reading layer groups 113A and 113B, making it possible to simplify recording and reading control. This produces a virtuous cycle in which the quality of a multilayer optical recording medium is stabilized and recording and reading control is simplified by simplified manufacture achieved by simplified design.
A multilayer optical recording medium 210 according to a third embodiment of the invention will next be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. Components described below are denoted by reference numerals with the last two digits common to those of the reference numerals given to the corresponding components of the multilayer optical recording medium of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the structure of the multilayer optical recording medium 110 including a sectional view is not shown in the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 7, the multilayer optical recording medium 210 has a stacked structure with 20 layers including L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 214A to 214T disposed one above the other in the order from a back side with respect to a light incident surface. First to nineteenth intermediate layers 216A to 216S are disposed one above the other between the L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 214A to 214T.
The multilayer optical recording medium 210 has first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B. As shown in FIGS. 8A-8C, the first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B each include a plurality of recording and reading layers successively disposed one above the other in the order in which the layers are stacked. The stacked-layer reflectance of each one of the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B decreases in the order from a front side near the light incident surface toward a back side far from the light incident surface.
More specifically, the first recording and reading layer group 213A has a six-layered structure with the L0 to L5 recording and reading layers 214A to 214F. The second recording and reading layer group 213B has a fourteen-layered structure with the L6 to L19 recording and reading layers 214G to 214T.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B are adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B, the L5 recording and reading layer 214F nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 213A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than those of two layers (namely, L6 and L7 recording and reading layers 214G and 214H) nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 213B nearer the front side.
Film design to achieve the aforementioned stacked-layer reflectance is such that the L0 to L5 recording and reading layers 214A to 214F belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 213A each have a first single-layer reflectance that is the reflectance of the L0 to L5 recording and reading layers 214A to 214F as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer reflectance), and a first single-layer absorbance that is the absorbance of the L0 to L5 recording and reading layers 214A to 214F as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer absorbance). To be specific, the first single-layer reflectance is set to 1.7%, and the first single-layer absorbance is set to 6.9%.
The L6 to L19 recording and reading layers 214G to 214T belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 213B nearer the light incident surface each have a second single-layer reflectance and a second single-layer absorbance smaller than the first single-layer reflectance and the first single-layer absorbance. To be specific, the second single-layer reflectance is set to 0.7%, and the second single-layer absorbance is set to 3.7%. As described above, in the present embodiment, the single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance are substantially the same in each of the first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B. Thus, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface in each of the first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B. Further, the single-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 213A is higher than that in the second recording and reading layer group 213B and accordingly, this makes the stacked-layer reflectance of the L5 recording and reading layer 214F higher than that of the L6 recording and reading layer 214G.
A first distance T1 (12 μm) of 10 μm or more, and a second distance T2 (16 μm) greater than the first distance T1 by 3 μm or more, are alternately set as the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers 216A to 216S. In the multilayer optical recording medium 210, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and other intermediate layers 216A, 216B, 216C, 216D, 216E, 216F, and the other arranged in this order as viewed from the back side have film thicknesses of 12 μm and 16 μm that are repeatedly employed in this order. That is, the intermediate layers of the two film thicknesses (16 μm and 12 μm) are alternately disposed one above the other.
Further, in the third embodiment, the sixth intermediate layer 216F interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B has the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness. As already described above, regarding the L5 and L6 recording and reading layers 214F and 214G, the L5 recording and reading layer 214F nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed), resulting in a high probability of generation of interlayer crosstalk. In response, the sixth intermediate layer 216F interposed between the L5 and L6 recording and reading layers 214F and 214G has a greater film thickness to reduce the interlayer crosstalk.
The third embodiment makes a difference small between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L19 recording and reading layer 214T nearest the light incident surface and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 214A farthest from the light incident surface. More specifically, regarding the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 214A to 214T, the highest stacked-layer reflectance is five times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. It is preferable that the highest stacked-layer reflectance be four times or less, and more preferably, three times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. The highest stacked-layer reflectance is actually smaller than a reflectance that is four times the smallest stacked-layer reflectance even when the number of the stacked layers is twenty.
Regarding the adjacent first and second recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B, a range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 213A is narrower than that in a stacked-layer reflectance in the second recording and reading layer group 213B nearer the light incident surface. This means that the amplitude of a stacked-layer reflectance becomes smaller in the direction from the front side toward the back side with respect to the light incident surface if change of the stacked-layer reflectance is considered as a waveform.
Recording and reading layers of the same film thickness made of the same material can be deposited one above the other in each of the recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B. This allows significant reduction of a design burden and a manufacturing burden. Further, a recording and reading unit reduces variation in conditions for recording and reading as substantially the same recording and reading layers are stacked in each of the recording and reading layer groups 213A and 213B, making it possible to simplify recording and reading control.
A multilayer optical recording medium 310 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will next be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Components described below are denoted by reference numerals with the last two digits common to those of the reference numerals given to the corresponding components of the multilayer optical recording medium of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the structure of the multilayer optical recording medium 310 including a sectional view is not shown in the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 9, the multilayer optical recording medium 310 has a stacked structure with 20 layers including L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 314A to 314T disposed one above the other in the order from a back side with respect to a light incident surface. First to nineteenth intermediate layers 316A to 316S are disposed one above the other between the L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 314A to 314T.
The multilayer optical recording medium 310 has first, second and third recording and reading layer groups 313A, 313B and 313C. As shown in FIGS. 10A-10C, the first to third recording and reading layer groups 313A to 313C each include a plurality of recording and reading layers successively disposed one above the other in the order in which the layers are stacked. The stacked-layer reflectance of each one of the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 313A to 313C decreases in the order from a front side near the light incident surface toward a back side far from the light incident surface. Regarding the first, second and third recording and reading layer groups 313A, 313B and 313C, a range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance in the second recording and reading layer group 313B is narrower than that in a stacked-layer reflectance in the third recording and reading layer group 313C. Further, a range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 313A is narrower than that in a stacked-layer reflectance in the second recording and reading layer group 313B. This means that the amplitude of a stacked-layer reflectance becomes smaller in the direction from the front side toward the back side with respect to the light incident surface if change of the stacked-layer reflectance is considered as a waveform.
More specifically, the first recording and reading layer group 313A has a four-layered structure with the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 314A to 314D. The second recording and reading layer group 313B has a six-layered structure with the L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 314E to 314J. The third recording and reading layer group 313C has a ten-layered structure with the L10 to L19 recording and reading layers 314K to 314T. This means that the number of stacked layers in the first, second and third recording and reading layer groups 313A, 313B and 313C becomes smaller in the direction from the light incident surface toward the back side.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 313A and 313B are adjacent to each other with the fourth intermediate layer 316D interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent first and second recording and reading layer groups 313A and 313B, the L3 recording and reading layer 314D nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 313A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than those of the two layers (the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 314E and 314F) nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 313B nearer the front side. The second and third recording and reading layer groups 313B and 313C are adjacent to each other with the tenth intermediate layer 316J interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent second and third recording and reading layer groups 313B and 313C, the L9 recording and reading layer 314J nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the second recording and reading layer group 313B nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than those of the two layers (the L10 and L11 recording and reading layers 314K and 314L) nearest the back side in the third recording and reading layer group 313C nearer the front side.
Film design to achieve the aforementioned stacked-layer reflectance is such that the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 314A to 314D belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 313A each have a first single-layer reflectance that is the reflectance of each of the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 314A to 314D as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer reflectance), and a first single-layer absorbance that is the absorbance of each of the L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 314A to 314D as a single layer (hereinafter called single-layer absorbance). To be specific, the first single-layer reflectance is set to 1.6%, and the first single-layer absorbance is set to 6.9%. The L4 to L9 recording and reading layers 314E to 314J belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 313B each have a second single-layer reflectance and a second single-layer absorbance smaller than the first single-layer reflectance and the first single-layer absorbance. To be specific, the second single-layer reflectance is set to 0.9%, and the second single-layer absorbance is set to 4.4%. Further, the L10 to L19 recording and reading layers 314K to 314T belonging to the third recording and reading layer group 313C each have a third single-layer reflectance and a third single-layer absorbance smaller than the second single-layer reflectance and the second single-layer absorbance. To be specific, the third single-layer reflectance is set to 0.5%, and the third single-layer absorbance is set to 3.0%.
As described above, in the present embodiment, single-layer reflectances and single-layer absorbances are substantially the same in each of the first to third recording and reading layer groups 313A to 313C. Thus, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface in each of the first to third recording and reading layer groups 313A to 313C.
A single-layer reflectance is higher in the second recording and reading layer group 313B than in the third recording and reading layer group 313C. Further, a single-layer reflectance is higher in the first recording and reading layer group 313A than in the second recording and reading layer group 313B. Accordingly, at each of the boundaries between the recording and reading layer groups 313A to 313C, a stacked-layer reflectance is higher on a side nearer the front side than on a side nearer the back side.
A first distance T1 (12 μm) of 10 μm or more, and a second distance T2 (16 μm) greater than the first distance T1 by 3 μm or more, are alternately set as the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers 316A to 316S. In the multilayer optical recording medium 310, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and the other intermediate layers 316A, 316B, 316C, 316D, 316E, 316F, and other arranged in this order as viewed from the back side have film thicknesses of 12 μm and 16 μm that are repeatedly employed in this order. That is, the intermediate layers of the two film thicknesses (16 μm and 12 μm) are alternately disposed one above the other.
Further, in the present embodiment, the fourth intermediate layer 316D interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 313A and 313B has the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness. The tenth intermediate layer 316J interposed between the second and third recording and reading layer groups 313B and 313C also has the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness. In order to achieve these settings, it is preferred that the second recording and reading layer group 313B disposed midway between the first recording and reading layer group 313A nearest the back side and the third recording and reading layer group 313C nearest the front side, except the first and third recording and reading layer groups 313A and 313C, have an even number of stacked layers (in the fourth embodiment, six layers).
As already described above, regarding the L3 and L4 recording and reading layers 314D and 314E, the L3 recording and reading layer 314D nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed), resulting in a high probability of generation of interlayer crosstalk. Likewise, regarding the L9 and L10 recording and reading layers 314J and 314K, the L9 recording and reading layer 314J nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed), resulting in a high probability of generation of the interlayer crosstalk. In response, the fourth and tenth intermediate layers 316D and 316J interposed between the L3 and L4 recording and reading layers 314D and 314E, and between the L9 and L10 recording and reading layers 314J and 314K, respectively, have a greater film thickness to reduce the interlayer crosstalk.
In particular, the present embodiment makes it possible to make a difference small between the stacked-layer reflectance of the L19 recording and reading layer 314T nearest the light incident surface and that of the L0 recording and reading layer 314A farthest from the light incident surface even when the number of stacked layers is twenty. More specifically, regarding the stacked-layer reflectances of all the L0 to L19 recording and reading layers 314A to 314T, the highest stacked-layer reflectance is five times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. It is preferable that the highest stacked-layer reflectance be four times or less, and more preferably, three times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance. In particular, dividing the recording and reading layers into the three groups makes the highest stacked-layer reflectance be three times or less the smallest stacked-layer reflectance despite the structure with stacked 20 layers.
The aforementioned stacked structure makes it possible to dispose recording and reading layers of the same film thickness made of the same material one above the other in each of the recording and reading layer groups 313A, 313B and 313C. This allows significant reduction of a design burden and a manufacturing burden. Further, the variation in conditions for recording and reading may be small in a recording and reading unit as the recording and reading layers having substantially the same characteristics are stacked in each of the recording and reading layer groups 313A, 313B and 313C, making it possible to simplify recording and reading control.
A multilayer optical recording medium 410 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will next be described with reference to FIG. 11. Components described below are denoted by reference numerals with the last two digits common to those of the reference numerals given to the corresponding components of the multilayer optical recording medium of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the structure of the multilayer optical recording medium 410 including a sectional view is not shown in the drawings.
The multilayer optical recording medium 410 has a stacked structure with 16 layers including L0 to L15 recording and reading layers 414A to 414P disposed one above the other in the order from a back side with respect to a light incident surface. First to fifteenth intermediate layers 416A to 416O are disposed one above the other between the L0 to L15 recording and reading layers 414A to 414P.
The multilayer optical recording medium 410 has first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B. The first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B each include a plurality of recording and reading layers successively disposed one above the other in the order in which the layers are stacked. The stacked-layer reflectance of each one of the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B decreases in the order from a front side near the light incident surface toward a back side far from the light incident surface.
Regarding the adjacent first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B, a range of variation in a stacked-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 413A is narrower than that in a stacked-layer reflectance in the second recording and reading layer group 413B nearer the light incident surface. This means that the amplitude of a stacked-layer reflectance becomes smaller in the direction from the front side toward the back side with respect to the light incident surface if change of the stacked-layer reflectance is considered as a waveform.
More specifically, the first recording and reading layer group 413A has a five-layered structure with the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 414A to 414E. The second recording and reading layer group 413B has an eleven-layered structure with the L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 414F to 414P.
The first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B are adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween. Regarding the adjacent first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B, the L4 recording and reading layer 414E nearest the front side with respect to the light incident surface in the first recording and reading layer group 413A nearer the back side has a stacked-layer reflectance higher than those of two layers (namely, L5 and L6 recording and reading layers 414F and 414G) nearest the back side in the second recording and reading layer group 413B nearer the front side. Although not specifically shown in the drawings, film design to achieve the aforementioned stacked-layer reflectance is such that the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 414A to 414E belonging to the first recording and reading layer group 413A each have a single-layer reflectance of 1.5% and a single-layer absorbance of 6.9%.
The L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 414F to 414P belonging to the second recording and reading layer group 413B nearer the light incident surface each have a single-layer reflectance of 0.7% and a single-layer absorbance of 4.5%. As described above, in the present embodiment, the L0 to L4 recording and reading layers 414A to 414E in the first recording and reading layer group 413A have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Further, the L5 to L15 recording and reading layers 414F to 414P in the second recording and reading layer group 413B have substantially the same single-layer reflectance and the single-layer absorbance. Thus, the stacked-layer reflectance decreases sequentially in the order with respect to the light incident surface in each of the first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B. Further, the single-layer reflectance in the first recording and reading layer group 413A is higher than that in the second recording and reading layer group 413B, and accordingly, this makes the stacked-layer reflectance of the L4 recording and reading layer 414E higher than that of the L5 recording and reading layer 414F.
A first distance T1 (12 μm) of 10 μm or more, and a second distance T2 (16 μm) greater than the first distance T1 by 3 μm or more, are alternately set as the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers 416A to 416O.
In particular, in the multilayer optical recording medium 410, only the fifth intermediate layer 416E interposed between the first and second recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413B has the second distance T2 (16 μm) corresponding to the greater film thickness, while the other intermediate layers have the first distance T1 (12 μm). This means that the film thicknesses of the intermediate layers in the recording and reading layer groups 413A and 413A are all 12 μm.
Thus, the fifth intermediate layer 416E has a film thickness greater than those of the fourth and sixth intermediate layers 416D and 416F adjacent to the fifth intermediate layer 416E with the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 414E and 414F on the opposite sides respectively disposed therebetween. As already described above, regarding the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 414E and 414F, the L4 recording and reading layer 414E nearer the back side has a higher stacked-layer reflectance (the order of stacked-layer reflectances is reversed), resulting in a high probability of generation of interlayer crosstalk. In response, the fifth intermediate layer 416E interposed between the L4 and L5 recording and reading layers 414E and 414F has a greater film thickness to reduce the interlayer crosstalk.
EXAMPLE AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE
The multilayer optical recording medium 10 according to the first embodiment (of a 2-block type managed under number B) was formed under the following conditions. The reflectance and absorbance of each of recording films as a single layer forming the six layers nearer the front side were set at 0.7% and 4.5%, respectively, and the reflectance and absorbance of each of recording films as a single layer forming the four layers nearer the back side were set at 1.4% and 6.5%, respectively. The recording and reading layers were all formed of the same material composition of TiO2/Fe3O4/BiOx—GeOy/SiO2/TiO2. Further, a film thickness was changed between the six layers nearer the front side and the four layers nearer the back side to achieve the aforementioned reflectances and absorbances. Further, the thickness of the substrate was set to 1.1 mm. Also, 12 μm and 16 μm were alternately employed as the thicknesses of the intermediate layers, and the thickness of the cover layer was set to 50 μm. The stacked-layer reflectances and the stacked-layer absorbances of Example are shown in FIGS. 12A-12C.
A recording signal was recorded in the L0 layer (recording and reading layer nearest the back side) while recording power was controlled with an optical pickup 90, and reading light from the multilayer optical recording medium 10 was evaluated.
Turning to a multilayer optical recording medium given as Comparative Example (of a normal type managed under number A), recording and reading layers were designed in a conventional manner such that the amounts of light reflected off the stacked recording and reading layers and returning to the photodetector 732, and laser power levels reaching the recording and reading layers would be substantially the same in the respective recording and reading layers. In Comparative Example, the stacked-layer reflectances and stacked-layer absorbances are the same as those shown in FIGS. 24A-24C, and intermediate layers have the same structure as that in Example described above.
In Example, as shown in FIG. 13B, conditions for recording power of the optical pickup 90 were determined such that the recording power would increase in each of the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B in the order from the front side toward the back side. The condition was also controlled such that the recording power would decrease at the change point from the second recording and reading layer group 13B to the first recording and reading layer group 13A. More specifically, in the second recording and reading layer group 13B, the recording power was controlled to increase sequentially from 22.0 mW applied to the L9 recording and reading layer 14J nearest the light incident surface to 30.0 mW applied to the L4 recording and reading layer 14E nearest the back side. The recording power was also controlled in the first recording and reading layer group 13A to increase sequentially from 22.5 mW applied to the L3 recording and reading layer 14D nearest the light incident surface that is lower than that applied to the L4 recording and reading layer 14E to 30.0 mW applied to the L0 recording and reading layer 14A nearest the back side. That is, the recording power was controlled such that it would reversely correlate with the stacked-layer reflectance of the recording and reading layer group 14. Further, the linear density of a recording signal was set at 25GB, and a recording speed was set at BD 1x (36 Mbps).
In the multilayer optical recording medium of Comparative Example, recording power was controlled as necessary according to the characteristics of each recording and reading layer such that substantially the same recording power would be applied to the recording and reading layers.
Signals recorded under the aforementioned conditions were read by applying reading power of 3.0 mW common to Example and Comparative Example to obtain resultant reading signals. Evaluation results of the reading signals are shown in FIGS. 13A-13C.
As seen from the results, the multilayer optical recording medium 10 of Example and the multilayer optical recording medium of Comparative Example achieved comparable results regarding jitter. It is particularly seen that in each of Example and Comparative Example, a practicable signal quality was obtained in the L4 and L3 recording and reading layers 14E and 14D at the boundary between the recording and reading layer groups 13A and 13B. In particular, the L4 recording and reading layer 14E provides a small amount of reflected light as the stacked-layer reflectance thereof was reduced to get closer to its lower limit that can be evaluated practically as described in the design technique. Nevertheless, the L4 recording and reading layer 14E achieves stable focusing and tracking servo, and does not suffer from considerable degradation of signal characteristics including jitter as compared to the other recording and reading layers. It is also seen that Example provides a better signal quality of the recording and reading layer group (L0 to L3 recording and reading layers 14A to 14D) nearer the back side with respect to the light incident surface than Comparative Example.
In each of Example and Comparative Example, recording was made in one rotation to the L0 recording and reading layer 14A nearest the back side in which the confocal crosstalk becomes most influential. FIG. 14 includes photographs of resultant signals.
As seen from the photograph (A-L0 ) relating to Comparative Example, significant fluctuations of a reflectance due to the confocal crosstalk are observed in the recording signal of one rotation. With reference to FIG. 13C, the graph can show degradation of jitter characteristics of the L0 recording and reading layer 14A in Comparative Example.
In contrast, it is seen from the photograph (B-L0 ) of the L0 recording and reading layer 14A relating to Example that the fluctuations of a reflectance such as those observed in Comparative Example are considerably reduced. With reference to FIG. 13C, the graph can clearly show the fact that jitter characteristics are improved with the same reading power despite a smaller amount of reflected light returning to the photodetector 732.
In the embodiments described above, 10 to 20 recording and reading layers are prepared, and two or three groups each including recording and reading layers of the same characteristics are formed. However, the invention is not limited thereto. A burden on designing a structure with four or more recording and reading layers is significantly reduced if the invention is applied to the structure. In this case, the number of stacked layers can be increased if at least one group of recording and reading layers (specifically a group nearest the light incident surface) has three or more recording and reading layers. It is preferable that at least two groups of recording and reading layers (specifically a group nearest the light incident surface and a group second nearest the light incident surface) both have two or more, and preferably, three or more recording and reading layers.
The invention allows increase of the number of stacked recording and reading layers as long as limitations of an evaluation unit such as a range of spherical aberration correction and laser power permit. The invention also allows increase of the number of the recording and reading layer groups to four or more depending on the limitations of the evaluation unit.
The embodiments employ intermediate layers of two film thicknesses. However, the invention is not limited thereto. The thicknesses of intermediate layers may suitably be determined. As an example, the film thicknesses of intermediate layers may not be set alternately, but the intermediate layers may have the same film thickness in one recording and reading layer group (see the fifth embodiment) as long as the effect of the fluctuations of a reflectance falls within an allowable range of the evaluation unit. It is preferable still in this case that only an intermediate layer at a change point between recording and reading layer groups have a greater film thickness in order to reduce the effect of interlayer stray light at the change point. Intermediate layers may have a plurality of film thicknesses. It is preferable in this case that the maximum film thickness be employed as the thickness of an intermediate layer to be disposed between recording and reading layer groups.
Further, recording and reading layers may be divided into three or more groups while intermediate layers of two types of film thicknesses are alternately disposed. In this case, as described regarding the fourth embodiment, it is preferable that at least a recording and reading layer group, which is a second nearest group with respect to the light incident surface or farther from the light incident surface than the second nearest group and which is not a group farthest from the light incident surface, have an even number of recording and reading layers. The reason therefor is that this setting makes it possible to always dispose an intermediate layer of a greater film thickness at a change point between recording and reading layer groups.
The multilayer optical recording medium is not limited to those of the embodiments described above. Various modifications are certainly applicable without departing from the gist of the present invention.
The multilayer optical recording medium of the present invention is applicable as optical multilayer optical recording media in accordance with various standards.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-236075 filed on Oct. 21, 2010 including specification, claims, drawings, and summary are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

## Claims

1. A multilayer optical recording medium with at least four or more recording and reading layers deposited one above the other with intermediate layers interposed therebetween, wherein information can be read by light irradiation from the layers,
the multilayer optical recording medium comprising at least two or more recording and reading layer groups each including the recording and reading layers successively stacked in the order in which the recording and reading layers are disposed, wherein
in each of the recording and reading layer groups, a specific recording and reading layer has a reflectance in a stacked state smaller than a higher value of reflectances in a stacked state of two successive recording and reading layers adjacent to the specific recording and reading layer and nearer a light incident surface than the specific recording and reading layer, and
wherein regarding adjacent ones of the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a recording and reading layer nearest a front side in the recording and reading layer group nearer a back side has a reflectance in a stacked state higher than a higher value of reflectances in a stacked state of two successive recording and reading layers nearest the back side in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

2. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a difference between highest and smallest values of reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than a difference between highest and smallest values of reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

3. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, the highest value of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is the same as or smaller than the highest value of the reflectances in a stacked state of all the recording and reading layers in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

4. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have the same reflectance in a stacked state, or reflectances in a stacked state that decrease in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.

5. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have the same reflectance in a stacked state, or reflectances in a stacked state that decrease in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.

6. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 4, wherein the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have the same reflectance in a stacked state, or reflectances in a stacked state that decrease in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.

7. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 5, wherein the recording and reading layers in each of the recording and reading layer groups are configured to have reflectances in a stacked state that decrease monotonously in the order from the front side near the light incident surface toward the back side far from the light incident surface.

8. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same optical constant.

9. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same optical constant.

10. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 4, wherein the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same optical constant.

11. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same optical constant.

12. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 8, wherein the recording and reading layers belonging to the same recording and reading layer group have substantially the same material composition and substantially the same film thickness.

13. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearest the light incident surface is larger than a number of the recording and reading layers included in a different one of the recording and reading layer groups.

14. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 3, wherein a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearest the light incident surface is larger than a number of the recording and reading layers included in a different one of the recording and reading layer groups.

15. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 4, wherein a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearest the light incident surface is larger than a number of the recording and reading layers included in a different one of the recording and reading layer groups.

16. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 6, wherein a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearest the light incident surface is larger than a number of the recording and reading layers included in a different one of the recording and reading layer groups.

17. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 1, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

18. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 3, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

19. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 4, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.

20. The multilayer optical recording medium according to claim 6, wherein regarding the recording and reading layer groups adjacent to each other with the intermediate layer interposed therebetween, a number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the back side is smaller than the number of the recording and reading layers included in the recording and reading layer group nearer the front side.