TSD-1b

Processing of Biogenic Emissions for OTC / MANE-VU 

Modeling

Bureau of Air Quality Analysis and Research

Division of Air Resources

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Albany, NY 12233

September 19, 2006
Biogenic emissions for the time period from January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2002 were 

calculated by NYSDEC using the Biogenic Emissions Inventory System (BEIS) version 

3.12 integrated within SMOKE2.1. General information about BEIS is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/AMD/biogen.html while documentation about biogenic emissions 

processing within SMOKE2.1 is available at 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch06s10.html and 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch06s17.html . Note that the 

SMOKE documentation refers to BEIS3.09 and has not yet been updated for BEIS3.12. 

This affects the number of species modeled as well as the use of different speciation 

profiles. However, the general processing approach has not changed from BEIS3.09 to 

BEIS3.12. In short, this processing approach is as follows and was utilized by NYSDEC 

for its biogenic emission processing for 8-hr ozone and PM2.5 modeling:

1. Normbeis3 reads gridded land use data and emissions factors and produces gridded 

normalized biogenic emissions for 34 species/compounds. The gridded land use 

includes 230 different land use types. Both summer and winter emissions factors for 

each species/compound are provided for each of the 230 land use types. On output, 

Normbeis3 generates a file B3GRD which contains gridded summer and winter 

emission fluxes for the modeling domain that are normalized to 30 °C and a 

photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of 1000 μmol/m2s. In addition, gridded 

summer and winter leaf area indices (LAI) are also written to B3GRD. 

2. Tmpbeis3 reads the gridded, normalized emissions file B3GRD and meteorological 

data from the MCIP-processed MM5 meteorological fields generated by the 

University of Maryland for MANE-VU/OTC modeling. Specifically, the following 

MM5/MCIP meteorological variables are used by Tmpbeis3 to compute hourspecific, gridded biogenic emissions from the normalized emission fluxed contained 

in B3GRD: layer-1 air temperature (“TA”), layer-1 pressure (“PRES”), total 

incoming solar radiation at the surface (“RGRND”), and convective (“RC”) and 

non-convective (“RN”) rainfall. Additionally, the emissions for the 34 

species/compounds modeled by BEIS3.12 are converted to CO, NO, and the CB-IV
VOC species utilized in CMAQ via the use of the BEIS3.12-CB-IV speciation 

profile. In adition, an optional seasonal switch file, BIOSEASON, was utilized to 

decide whether to use summer or winter emissions factors for any given grid cell on 

any given day. This file was generated by the SMOKE2.1 utility Metscan based on 

MM5 layer-1 air temperatures to determine the date of the last spring frost and first 

fall frost at each grid cell. Summer emission factors are used by Tmpbeis3 for the 

time period between the last spring frost and first fall frost at any given grid cell, 

and winter emission factors are used for the remaining time period. Documentation 

for the Metscan utility is available at 

http://cf.unc.edu/cep/empd/products/smoke/version2.1/html/ch05s07.html . An 

animated GIF file showing the BIOSEASON file used by NYSDEC can be found at 

ftp://ftp.dec.state.ny.us/dar/air_research/chogrefe/biog_reports/b3season_movie.gif

3. For reporting purposes, the hourly, speciated, gridded emissions were aggregated to 

the county level for each day. For any given grid cell, emissions are distributed 

among the counties intersecting this grid cell in proportion to the area of each of 

these counties within the grid cell. The area gridding surrogates needed for this 

aggregration are based on a file obtained from EPA via 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/spatial/new/bgpro.12km_041604.us.gz followed 

by windowing for the MANE-VU/OTC modeling domain.
Table 1 County and State totals of estimated biogenic emissions (tpy)

State FIPS County NO CO VOC

[TPY] [TPY] [TPY]

Connecticut 009001 Fairfield 52 894 7150

009003 Hartford 88 915 8537

009005 Litchfield 98 1261 12221

009007 Middlesex 54 615 5587

009009 New Haven 80 876 7544

009011 New London 74 906 8960

009013 Tolland 55 651 5999

009015Windham 60 772 8019

Connecticut TOTAL 560 6889 64017

Deleware 010001Kent 308 1354 15912

010003 New Castle 143 875 8834

010005Sussex 539 2045 21595

Deleware TOTAL 990 4274 46342

DC 011001Washington 30 150 1726

DC TOTAL 30 150 1726

Maine 023001Androscoggin 35 885 8204

023003Aroostook 741 15531 140877

023005 Cumberland 49 1298 11528

023007 Franklin 72 3269 32111

023009 Hancock 66 2950 27090

023011Kennebec 73 1425 12849

023013Knox 30 689 6680

023015 Lincoln 32 849 8072

023017 Oxford 79 3224 34189

023019Penobscot 211 7249 63128

023021Piscataquis 146 8638 80748

023023Sagadahoc 37 526 4504

023025Somerset 173 8413 77850

023027Waldo 57 1833 18125

023029Washington 144 6459 58678

023031York 73 1698 15571

Maine TOTAL 2018 64936 600203

Maryland 024001Allegany 63 661 8664

024003Anne Arundel 79 945 12786

024005Baltimore 166 847 8102

024009 Calvert 59 798 10048

024011 Caroline 202 648 7907
024013 Carroll 189 822 7853

024015 Cecil 86 654 10093

024017 Charles 78 1079 15042

024019 Dorchester 134 829 10337

024021 Frederick 204 1123 10964

024023 Garrett 102 930 11391

024025 Harford 141 911 9053

024027 Howard 75 562 4460

024029Kent 177 498 4761

024031 Montgomery 134 813 6786

024033Prince Georges 87 732 10214

024035 Queen Annes 222 684 7146

024037St Marys 99 886 10793

024039Somerset 58 498 5796

024041 Talbot 131 495 5225

024043Washington 112 781 7538

024045Wicomico 124 796 10304

024047Worcester 158 1121 13079

024510Baltimore 54 235 1762

Maryland TOTAL 2934 18350 210104

Massachusetts 025001Barnstable 261 668 5905

025003Berkshire 73 1182 11029

025005Bristol 107 753 7142

025007 Dukes 115 252 1728

025009Essex 55 794 7128

025011 Franklin 61 1031 9424

025013 Hampden 51 904 9201

025015 Hampshire 61 820 7056

025017 Middlesex 68 1085 11630

025019 Nantucket 56 159 1362

025021 Norfolk 49 615 5513

025023Plymouth 170 1197 11876

025025Suffolk 26 177 1351

025027Worcester 103 1955 23612

Massachusetts TOTAL 1257 11594 113957

New Hampshire 033001Belknap 25 693 6915

033003 Carroll 40 1512 14981

033005 Cheshire 49 1019 10099

033007 Coos 72 3239 33668

033009 Grafton 91 2442 23151

033011 Hillsborough 48 1337 14503

033013 Merrimack 48 1314 13566

033015 Rockingham 39 1120 10080

033017Strafford 25 686 6617

033019Sullivan 45 943 8314

New Hampshire TOTAL 482 14306 141894
New Jersey 034001Atlantic 135 1225 18890

034003Bergen 37 239 2455

034005Burlington 151 1827 25255

034007 Camden 68 491 7751

034009 Cape May 90 566 7763

034011 Cumberland 122 773 10699

034013Essex 57 199 1831

034015 Gloucester 119 556 8444

034017 Hudson 26 125 701

034019 Hunterdon 81 706 5743

034021 Mercer 85 475 4889

034023 Middlesex 98 456 5267

034025 Monmouth 125 1152 15423

034027 Morris 63 604 7288

034029 Ocean 128 1871 27063

034031Passaic 41 339 3841

034033Salem 123 535 8304

034035Somerset 49 518 5548

034037Sussex 67 718 7768

034039 Union 21 168 2191

034041Warren 125 517 4505

New Jersey TOTAL 1813 14058 181618

New York 036001Albany 59 730 6253

036003Allegany 129 1218 9526

036005Bronx 25 100 657

036007Broome 107 879 7861

036009 Cattaraugus 148 1654 13540

036011 Cayuga 227 986 7928

036013 Chautauqua 202 1260 8144

036015 Chemung 88 521 3911

036017 Chenango 149 1120 7833

036019 Clinton 138 1631 13341

036021 Columbia 96 896 8484

036023 Cortland 101 616 4280

036025 Delaware 133 1672 13435

036027 Dutchess 90 1096 10288

036029Erie 165 1127 6898

036031Essex 94 2547 20888

036033 Franklin 228 2337 17197

036035 Fulton 90 764 5275

036037 Genesee 201 645 3993

036039 Greene 47 886 8182

036041 Hamilton 78 2092 16056

036043 Herkimer 175 1783 12846

036045 Jefferson 251 1754 12503

036047Kings 15 60 309
036049 Lewis 154 1693 12116

036051 Livingston 222 888 6048

036053 Madison 149 1049 7528

036055 Monroe 223 990 6237

036057 Montgomery 106 579 4715

036059 Nassau 81 408 2859

036061 New York 16 76 473

036063 Niagara 335 940 5182

036065 Oneida 214 1515 10021

036067 Onondaga 171 929 6259

036069 Ontario 178 767 6024

036071Orange 110 1065 13024

036073 Orleans 195 635 3314

036075 Oswego 119 1277 7911

036077 Otsego 157 1190 7958

036079Putnam 32 473 5243

036081 Queens 20 105 543

036083 Rensselaer 96 894 7316

036085 Richmond 47 173 1292

036087 Rockland 26 300 4006

036089St. Lawrence 376 3876 28960

036091Saratoga 76 1125 9010

036093Schenectady 39 377 3032

036095Schoharie 95 737 5496

036097Schuyler 87 438 3193

036099Seneca 127 438 3305

036101Steuben 267 1475 12085

036103Suffolk 368 1328 12886

036105Sullivan 76 1325 12538

036107 Tioga 102 730 5400

036109 Tompkins 96 576 4128

036111 Ulster 82 1493 15714

036113Warren 46 1396 11568

036115Washington 183 1109 8355

036117Wayne 270 920 5940

036119Westchester 35 549 5347

036121Wyoming 194 720 3813

036123Yates 107 507 4017

New York TOTAL 8313 63436 492483

Pennsylvania 042001Adams 186 892 8926

042003Allegheny 182 948 6727

042005Armstrong 108 940 9955

042007Beaver 69 600 4895

042009Bedford 128 1249 14127

042011Berks 280 1377 14146

042013Blair 91 729 7579

042015Bradford 224 1265 9423
042017Bucks 144 954 8399

042019Butler 149 1032 8602

042021 Cambria 128 805 6545

042023 Cameron 25 627 7563

042025 Carbon 53 585 8121

042027 Centre 158 1344 16886

042029 Chester 264 1176 10474

042031 Clarion 85 848 10743

042033 Clearfield 149 1368 13267

042035 Clinton 71 1230 18191

042037 Columbia 106 802 9080

042039 Crawford 204 1297 10839

042041 Cumberland 193 816 9505

042043 Dauphin 116 799 8502

042045 Delaware 35 410 3250

042047Elk 49 949 8921

042049Erie 199 1107 8273

042051 Fayette 156 1087 9277

042053 Forest 26 577 7122

042055 Franklin 271 1057 10296

042057 Fulton 93 744 9341

042059 Greene 91 830 6966

042061 Huntingdon 135 1093 12606

042063 Indiana 144 1078 9156

042065 Jefferson 101 865 7362

042067 Juniata 79 588 8263

042069 Lackawanna 58 586 5569

042071 Lancaster 464 1299 9565

042073 Lawrence 114 503 3755

042075 Lebanon 155 623 5827

042077 Lehigh 149 594 6040

042079 Luzerne 75 1013 13215

042081 Lycoming 152 1457 16633

042083 Mc Kean 57 1044 7113

042085 Mercer 175 865 7114

042087 Mifflin 107 620 7508

042089 Monroe 75 773 8856

042091 Montgomery 106 812 6736

042093 Montour 85 321 3306

042095 Northampton 144 506 4416

042097 Northumberland 92 570 6340

042099Perry 113 804 10216

042101Philadelphia 29 194 1420

042103Pike 37 757 9946

042105Potter 89 1129 9027

042107Schuylkill 123 1050 15001

042109Snyder 88 538 6373

042111Somerset 221 1251 11228
042113Sullivan 45 684 5112

042115Susquehanna 126 978 6448

042117 Tioga 176 1313 10942

042119 Union 71 541 6435

042121Venango 72 855 9086

042123Warren 76 1031 7352

042125Washington 166 1068 7429

042127Wayne 89 862 5954

042129Westmoreland 199 1297 10589

042131Wyoming 60 551 4634

042133York 366 1393 12758

Pennsylvania TOTAL 8645 59945 585271

Rhode Island 044001Bristol 40 90 441

044003Kent 41 328 3471

044005 Newport 37 183 1646

044007Providence 39 591 6901

044009Washington 54 572 6775

Rhode Island TOTAL 211 1764 19233

Vermont 050001Addison 186 922 6274

050003Bennington 43 896 7349

050005 Caledonia 58 1149 10239

050007 Chittenden 74 606 3633

050009Essex 61 1315 11795

050011 Franklin 208 971 5927

050013 Grand Isle 50 490 3506

050015 Lamoille 36 727 5627

050017 Orange 57 1182 10120

050019 Orleans 120 1570 12842

050021 Rutland 102 1257 9867

050023Washington 47 1099 9502

050025Windham 42 1232 10898

050027Windsor 57 1330 10796

Vermont TOTAL 1142 14745 118376

Virginia 051001Accomack 187 959 9472

051003Albemarle 140 1246 12533

051005Alleghany 35 522 7369

051007Amelia 70 915 10717

051009Amherst 80 905 10823

051011Appomattox 76 830 10447

051013Arlington 17 64 531

051015Augusta 135 1049 13291

051017Bath 46 771 11636

051019Bedford 189 1279 13052

051021Bland 41 515 7097

051023Botetourt 74 780 10211
051025Brunswick 98 1458 18254

051027Buchanan 32 722 9557

051029Buckingham 76 1287 18830

051031 Campbell 112 1078 12933

051033 Caroline 73 1173 16020

051035 Carroll 132 634 6885

051036 Charles City 93 415 4711

051037 Charlotte 84 1219 14277

051041 Chesterfield 69 802 10686

051043 Clarke 56 369 4009

051045 Craig 39 538 7314

051047 Culpeper 105 894 10720

051049 Cumberland 56 814 10677

051051 Dickenson 20 550 6910

051053 Dinwiddie 82 1207 16511

051057Essex 58 671 7403

051059 Fairfax 111 533 5538

051061 Fauquier 150 1166 14084

051063 Floyd 47 593 6493

051065 Fluvanna 54 775 10756

051067 Franklin 119 1297 15933

051069 Frederick 64 588 8798

051071 Giles 38 508 4918

051073 Gloucester 32 510 5945

051075 Goochland 47 670 10392

051077 Grayson 60 627 8260

051079 Greene 57 434 5727

051081 Greensville 63 735 9009

051083 Halifax 201 1852 22730

051085 Hanover 91 950 12493

051087 Henri 81 427 5468

051089 Henry 59 805 9772

051091 Highland 44 608 8579

051093 Isle Of Wight 178 813 8049

051095 James City 41 314 3989

051097King And Queen 77 673 7615

051099King George 62 540 6111

051101King William 102 712 7846

051103 Lancaster 33 311 3669

051105 Lee 97 680 7221

051107 Loudoun 137 942 8999

051109 Louisa 78 1142 16780

051111 Lunenberg 88 1108 13611

051113 Madison 70 598 7305

051115 Mathews 27 367 4025

051117 Mecklenburg 145 1478 18507

051119 Middlesex 42 480 5561

051121 Montgomery 70 501 5366
051125 Nelson 67 979 12465

051127 New Kent 35 600 8240

051131 Northampton 90 263 2019

051133 Northumberland 88 778 9298

051135 Nottoway 74 894 10670

051137 Orange 98 759 8265

051139Page 77 540 6705

051141Patrick 75 884 10255

051143Pittsylvania 203 1806 22102

051145Powhatan 47 675 10194

051147Prince Edward 69 942 12042

051149Prince George 73 572 6484

051153Prince William 38 718 10979

051155Pulaski 61 450 6510

051157 Rappahannock 61 521 7141

051159 Richmond 63 383 4548

051161 Roanoke 63 427 5278

051163 Rockbridge 101 813 9710

051165 Rockingham 189 1020 12959

051167 Russell 56 703 7975

051169Scott 95 753 9943

051171Shenandoah 117 757 10570

051173Smyth 78 603 7159

051175Southampton 177 1306 15588

051177Spotsylvania 46 911 12575

051179Stafford 27 637 8344

051181Surry 85 784 10024

051183Sussex 102 1267 16362

051185 Tazewell 77 639 7477

051187Warren 44 438 6310

051191Washington 142 632 6822

051193Westmoreland 101 777 9357

051195Wise 35 462 5685

051197Wythe 109 596 7803

051199York 35 271 3423

051510Alexandria 38 145 1065

051515Bedford 22 101 604

051520Bristol 37 135 1220

051530Buena Vista 6 43 381

051540 Charlottesville 18 98 528

051550 Chesapeake 71 666 8477

051560 Clifton Forge 27 61 436

051570 Colonial Heights 35 88 662

051580 Covington 24 114 1605

051590 Danville 55 343 3405

051595Emporia 19 234 3300

051600 Fairfax 18 96 1518

051610 Falls Church 16 98 1120
051620 Franklin 66 142 1041

051630 Fredericksburg 14 250 3012

051640 Galax 45 94 519

051650 Hampton 24 127 1112

051660 Harrisonburg 73 143 746

051670 Hopewell 26 79 711

051678 Lexington 8 62 620

051680 Lynchburg 45 250 2135

051683 Manassas 17 86 743

051685 Manassas Park 17 50 268

051690 Martinsville 19 190 1625

051700 Newport News 63 231 2187

051710 Norfolk 42 197 2692

051720 Norton 13 120 1305

051730Petersburg 58 171 1419

051735Poquoson 17 122 1351

051740Portsmouth 34 285 3215

051750 Radford 27 76 609

051760 Richmond 29 239 3517

051770 Roanoke 33 91 770

051775Salem 14 61 568

051790Staunton 69 205 1550

051800Suffolk 118 964 11269

051810Virginia Beach 186 924 8724

051820Waynesboro 43 120 895

051830Williamsburg 3 38 446

051840Winchester 42 117 772

Virginia TOTAL 9267 80615 981848