Filed 10/11/13 Araujo v. County of Los Angeles CA2/8

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION EIGHT

ESPERANZA ARAUJO,

Plaintiff and Appellant,

v.

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES et al.,

Defendants and Respondents.

 B236138

 (Los Angeles County 

 Super. Ct. No. TC023419)

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Raul A. 

Sahagun, Judge. Reversed with directions.

Law Offices of John R. Blanchard and John R. Blanchard, for Plaintiff and 

Appellant.

John F. Krattli, County Counsel, Roger H. Granbo, Assistant County Counsel, and 

Jonathan McCaverty, Deputy County Counsel, for Defendants and Respondents.

__________________________
2

Appellant Esperanza Araujo appeals from summary judgment entered for 

respondents Los Angeles County and Los Angeles County deputy sheriffs Chad 

Magdalik and Brian Anderson. Because the court‟s entry of summary judgment ignored 

a triable issue of fact involving the amount of force the deputies used against appellant, 

we reverse.

FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

Los Angeles County deputy sheriffs Chad Magdalik and Brian Anderson were on 

routine patrol at 6:40 a.m. on May 18, 2008, when they received a radio call to check on a 

woman at the corner of 83rd Street and Alameda. When the deputies arrived at the 

intersection, they saw appellant Esperanza Araujo yelling and screaming at workers at a 

nearby business. The deputies got out of their car and approached appellant. As the 

deputies neared appellant, they saw signs she was intoxicated and decided to investigate 

her for possible public intoxication. (Pen. Code, § 647, subd. (f).) Based on their 

observations, they arrested appellant. After her arrest, appellant was taken to the hospital 

where laboratory test results confirmed the presence of alcohol and marijuana in her 

system. Appellant thereafter pleaded no contest to violation of Penal Code section 647, 

subdivision (f) for public intoxication, and was sentenced to time served and 12 months‟ 

probation. 

In August 2009, appellant filed a complaint against Los Angeles County and the 

deputies, claiming the deputies had used excessive force when they arrested her. She 

alleged causes of action for violation of her civil rights under color of law (42 U.S.C. 

§ 1983), civil battery, false arrest and imprisonment, and negligence. According to the 

deputies, when they first approached appellant in response to the radio call, she had blood 

on her face from fresh abrasions on her chin and both lips. But in her complaint, 

appellant asserted that the deputies hit her face against the inside of their patrol car when 

they pushed her face first into the car as they took her into custody. Appellant further 

testified at deposition that she had no injuries to her face before her encounter with the 

deputies, but they beat her into unconsciousness. Under questioning by respondents‟ 
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counsel, she testified: “Q. What happened [the morning you were arrested]? A. I was at 

a house that they opened real early in the morning where they sell alcohol. Leaving from 

that place is where I suffered the accident with the officer with the last name of 

Magdalik. Q. That‟s [sic] what happened? A. He‟s the one that hit me. Q. Okay. 

What else? A. I lost consciousness due to the hits. He didn‟t write anyplace on the 

report that he had hit me and that he sent me to the hospital.” 

Respondents moved for summary judgment or adjudication. In support of their 

motion, the deputies claimed that the only force they used against appellant were two 

three-second blasts of pepper spray to her face when, first, she disobeyed their orders to 

stop spitting blood and mucus at them from the back seat of their patrol car and, second, 

when she tried to bite deputy Magdalik in the forearm as he tried to unbuckle her seat belt 

to prevent her from choking herself with the belt. The court granted summary judgment. 

We reverse.

DISCUSSION

The trial court found respondents were entitled to summary judgment because the 

deputies enjoyed qualified immunity and immunity under Government Code section 

820.2 for their administration of pepper spray.

1

 (Venegas v. County of Los Angeles

(2007) 153 Cal.App.4th 1230, 1241-1242; Martinez v. County of Los Angeles (1996) 

47 Cal.App.4th 334, 342; Gov. Code, § 820.2 [public employee immune from liability for 

discretionary acts].) Under those doctrines, no liability exists if an objectively reasonable 

officer could have believed, even if mistakenly, that his actions were lawful under the 

circumstances. The court‟s minute order granting summary judgment stated: 

“[D]efendants submitted evidence that plaintiff was „yelling obscenities,‟ and that she 

„spit blood and mucus several times‟ and she refused commands to stop. . . . They 

 

1 The trial court also dismissed appellant‟s claim of a Monell violation (Monell v. 

Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978) 436 U.S. 658) and prayer 

for punitive damages, but appellant does not address these claims on appeal and thus we 

address them no further.
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contend that plaintiff‟s face was bleeding when they initially approached her. It appears 

from that testimony that their use of pepper spray was objectively reasonable.” The 

minute order dismissed, seemingly out of hand, appellant‟s testimony that the deputies 

inflicted her injuries by pushing her face first into their patrol car and hitting her. 

Attaching little, if any, weight to appellant‟s deposition testimony, the court‟s minute 

order stated: “The only evidence submitted by plaintiff is her deposition testimony. She 

denied having any injury prior to the subject event. . . . She alleges that she fell „face 

first‟ when defendant Magdalik pushed her and that she was „unable to breathe,‟ and that 

she was thereafter pepper-sprayed. . . . [¶] She alleges that he „hit [her] on the area of 

the car‟ and she split her lip, after which she „spewed at him.‟ ” 

During the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, appellant‟s counsel 

argued that the gist of appellant‟s excessive force claim was whether the deputies caused 

appellant‟s facial injuries. Counsel said: “Your honor, I think this really comes down to 

who‟s telling the truth about the injuries. The deputies claim they saw injuries when they 

arrived on the scene. [Appellant] claims she didn‟t have injuries until she was contacted 

by the police. Somebody‟s lying. [¶] The problem with the court‟s analysis of the use of 

force is that it buys hook, line and sinker the deputies‟ claim they only used pepper 

spray.” In response to counsel, the court asked for evidence that the deputies used more 

force than pepper spray. Counsel directed the court to appellant‟s deposition testimony 

cited in her opposition to respondents‟ separate statement of facts. The court recited part 

of that testimony as follows: “Q. And then what happened to you? A. Took me to the 

back, handcuffed me, opened the door, and pushes me. Q. What else? A. I fell head 

first, face first, by the way he had pushed me. He hit me in this area here. I was 

unable to breath.” (Bold added.) The court then asked counsel, “So apart from this 

pepper spray, that‟s the only conduct that I see that she described that deputy did, put her 

in the back seat. [Counsel] And hit her. [Court] Where‟s that? [Counsel] If the court 

re-reads what you just read into the record.” (Bold added.) Despite counsel reiterating 

for the court appellant‟s deposition testimony that the deputies injured appellant either by 

pushing her face first into the car and/or hitting her, the court repeated its conclusion that 
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the deputies‟ use of force was limited to pepper spray. The court said, “So I was trying to 

determine whether your theory was that excessive force was the pepper spray or 

something else, and all I came up with was this quote in your deposition that he put her in 

the back seat. [Counsel] [H]e put her in the back seat face first and hit her. [Court] 

When you gather he hit her, though, I don‟t see any evidence of that. I don‟t see her 

saying he hit me. [Counsel] He did. She does.” (Bold added.)2

To be entitled to summary judgment, respondents must show that appellant was as 

a matter of law entitled to no relief either because she had no admissible evidence to 

support an essential element of her claim, or undisputed evidence established a complete 

defense for respondents. (Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2001) 25 Cal.4th 826, 850.) 

Because the trial court misapprehended appellant‟s evidence by not interpreting it in the 

light most favorable to her as the party opposing summary judgment, the court did not 

hold respondents to their assigned task. (Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co., supra, 

25 Cal.4th at p. 843.) It is all well and good to say that the deputies had discretion to use 

reasonable force to effect appellant‟s arrest or overcome her resistance, but in ruling on a 

motion for summary judgment those legal principles must be joined to appellant‟s factual 

allegations for which she has offered admissible evidence. (See e.g. Pen. Code, § 835a 

[officer “may use reasonable force to effect the arrest, to prevent escape or to overcome 

resistance”].) In their motion for summary judgment, the deputies denied using any force 

other than pepper spray, a denial they repeat on appeal in their brief in which they write 

“Other than routine handcuffing and being pepper sprayed once by each Deputy, no other 

force was used on [appellant] at anytime.” For their qualified immunity and Government 

 

2 Appellant‟s opposition to respondents‟ motion for summary judgment attached as 

exhibits additional pages from her deposition in which appellant expanded on her 

testimony that the deputies hit her, but her opposition to respondents‟ separate statement 

of facts did not refer by page-and-line-number to that additional testimony, and therefore 

we disregard that testimony here. (United Community Church v. Garcin (1991) 

231 Cal.App.3d 327, 337 [“golden rule” of summary judgment requires facts to be in 

separate statement].) Be that as it may, the deposition testimony to which appellant‟s 

opposition did include page-and-line references, and which the court reviewed during the 

hearing, was enough to create a triable issue.
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Code section 820.2 argument to carry the day, the deputies must establish that a 

reasonable deputy could believe that, as alleged by appellant, pushing a handcuffed 

suspect face first into a patrol car and/or hitting the suspect to the point of 

unconsciousness is lawful. Because respondents do not confront appellant‟s evidence of 

claimed excessive force, their legal arguments miss the mark. (See Felix v. McCarthy

(9th Cir. 1991) 939 F.2d 699, 701 [prison guards not entitled to qualified immunity for 

unprovoked physical attack of prisoner, which included throwing prisoner against a wall, 

because attack was clearly unlawful even though attack resulted in minor injuries].) 

Accordingly, respondents‟ motion did not entitle them to summary judgment, and the 

court erred in granting it.

DISPOSITION

The judgment is reversed and the court is directed to enter a new order denying 

respondents‟ motion as to appellant‟s causes of action alleging excessive force. 

Appellant to recover her costs on appeal.

RUBIN, J.

WE CONCUR:

BIGELOW, P. J.

FLIER, J.