TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-15-00698-CV

Joan H. Hughes, Appellant

v.

Armadillo Properties for Lina Roberts, Appellee

FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF BELL COUNTY

NO. 82,888, HONORABLE JEANNE PARKER, JUDGE PRESIDING

M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N

Joan H. Hughes appeals pro se from the county court’s final judgment in forcible

entry and detainer, which orders her to vacate residential property that she was leasing from

Lina Roberts. For the following reasons, we affirm the county court’s judgment.

BACKGROUND

The term of the written residential lease between Hughes and Roberts was from

May 1, 2014, to October 31, 2014, with an automatic renewal on a month-to-month basis after

October 31, 2014. On July 27, 2015, appellee Armadillo Properties, the property manager for

Lina Roberts, hand delivered written notice to Hughes of Roberts’s intent not to renew the lease,
notifying Hughes that the lease would end on August 31, 2015, and requesting that Hughes vacate

the property on or before that date. Hughes failed to do so. 1

In September 2015, Armadillo Properties filed an eviction case in justice court,

seeking possession of the leased property and contending that Hughes was unlawfully holding over

on the leased property after August 31, 2015. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 510 (addressing eviction cases);

see also Tex. Prop. Code § 24.011 (authorizing parties to be represented by nonlawyer agent in

“eviction suits in justice court for nonpayment of rent or holding over beyond a rental term”).

Following a trial, the justice court entered an eviction judgment in favor of Armadillo Properties,

ordering Hughes to vacate the property. Hughes appealed the judgment to county court. After a trial

de novo, the county court entered a final judgment in forcible entry and detainer in favor of

Armadillo Properties, ordering Hughes to vacate the property. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 510.10. This

appeal followed.

By July 2015, the term of the lease was on a month-to-month basis. In that situation, the 1

written lease between the parties provided the following time period for either partyto provide notice

of termination:

If this lease automatically renews on a month-to-month basis, it will continue to

renew on a month-to-month basis until either party provides written notice of

termination to the other party and the notice of termination will be effective: . . .

(1) on the last day of the month following the month in which the notice is given.

The notice provided in July by Armadillo Properties, the property manager for Roberts, then

complied with this provision for an effective date of termination at the end of August.

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ANALYSIS

Although Hughes filed an affidavit of indigence, she has failed to request the

reporter’s record. See Tex. R. App. P. 37.3(c) (addressing when no reporter’s record filed due to

appellant’s fault). The reporter’s record was due in December 2015, and this Court, by letter dated

April 26, 2016, notified Hughes that the reporter’s record was overdue and provided her with the

opportunity to make arrangements for the record. See id. (requiring court to give appellant notice

and “reasonable opportunity to cure”). Thus, we consider this appeal without the reporter’s record. 

See id. (authorizing court, when no reporter’s record has been filed because appellant failed to

request record, to “consider and decide those issues or points that do not require a reporter’s record

for a decision” after providing appellant with notice and opportunity to cure). We are also mindful

that the only issue in an eviction action is the right to actual possession of the premises. See Tex.

R. Civ. P. 510.3(e); Wilhelm v. Federal Nat’l Mortg. Ass’n, 349 S.W.3d 766, 768 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.).

“A pro se litigant is held to the same standards as licensed attorneys and must comply

with applicable laws and rules of procedure.” Amir-Sharif v. Mason, 243 S.W.3d 854, 856 (Tex.

App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.) (citing Mansfield State Bank v. Cohn, 573 S.W.2d 181, 184–85 (Tex.

1978); Strange v. Continental Cas. Co., 126 S.W.3d 676, 677 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet.

denied)). “[P]ro se appellants are held to the same standard as parties represented by counsel to avoid

giving unrepresented parties an advantage over represented parties.” Stewart v. Texas Health &

Human Servs. Comm’n, No. 03-09-00226-CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 9787, at *2 n.1 (Tex.

App.—Austin Dec. 9, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.). Thus, Hughes was required to comply with the

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applicable rules of procedure, including the requirements that an appellant’s brief “state concisely

all issues or points presented for review” and “contain a clear and concise argument for the

contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.” Tex. R. App. P.

38.1(f), (i).

Hughes’s appellate briefs are in the form of letters to this Court with attachments. 

To the extent the documents attached to her letters are not in the record, we may not consider them

on appeal. See Tex. R. App. P. 34.1 (describing contents of appellate record); Save Our Springs All.,

Inc. v. City of Dripping Springs, 304 S.W.3d 871, 892 (Tex. App.—Austin 2010, pet. denied)

(“We are limited to the appellate record provided.”); Burke v. Insurance Auto Auctions Corp.,

169 S.W.3d 771, 775 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied) (noting that documents that are cited

in brief and attached as appendices generally may not be considered by appellate courts if they are

not formally included in record on appeal). Further, the letters do not comply with the applicable

rules of procedure: Hughes complains about the actions and attitude of the trial judge toward her,

the condition of the leased property, and charges to her such as her utility bill, but she fails to identify

any specific alleged reversible error by the county court or generally to provide substantive

arguments or citations to authorities or the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(f), (i).

Thus, holding Hughes to the same standard as parties represented by counsel, we

conclude that she has waived any issues that she may have by inadequate briefing. See id.; Davis

v. American Express Bank, No. 03-12-00564-CV, 2014 Tex. App. LEXIS 9662, at *7 (Tex.

App.—Austin Aug. 29, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Appellate issues must be supported by

argument and authority, and if they are not so supported, they are waived.” (citing Trenholm

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v. Ratcliff, 646 S.W.2d 927, 934 (Tex. 1983)); Lee v. Kaufman, No. 03-10-00148-CV,

2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 6969, at *9–10 (Tex. App.—Austin Aug. 26, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(finding points of error waived that were not supported “with arguments, legal authority, or citations

to the record”). Nonetheless, we will attempt to address her arguments as best as we can. See

Stewart, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 9787, at *2 n.1 (addressing pro se appellant’s “complaints as best

we can”).

Hughes appears to argue that this case is one of retaliation by Armadillo Properties

under section 92.331 of the Property Code and that she accordingly was entitled to possession

of the leased property. See Tex. Prop. Code § 92.331 (addressing retaliation by landlord);

College Station Terrace Pines Apts. v. Laird, Nos. 07-14-00137-CV & 07-14-00147-CV,

2016 Tex. App. LEXIS 1340, at *11–13 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Feb. 9, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(discussing allegations of wrongful eviction and retaliation bylandlord). Without a reporter’srecord,

however, we are unable to determine what evidence, if any, was presented to the county court that

would support a finding of retaliation. See Tex. R. App. P. 37.3(c) (limiting issues or points on

appeal to those that do not require reporter’s record when no reporter’s record is filed due to

appellant’s fault); Laird, 2016 Tex. App. LEXIS 1340, at *11–13 (discussing evidence supporting

retaliation finding); see also In re Spiegel, 6 S.W.3d 643, 646 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1999, no pet.)

(“Without a reporter’s record we do not know what, if any, evidence was presented to the trial

court.”). Thus, we cannot conclude that Hughes presented evidence that proved retaliation or that

the county court erred in awarding possession of the leased property to Armadillo Properties. See

Bennett v. Cochran, 96 S.W.3d 227, 230 (Tex. 2002) (“The court of appeals was correct in holding

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that, absent a complete record on appeal, it must presume the omitted items supported the trial

court’s judgment.”); Hebisen v. Clear Creek Indep. Sch. Dist., 217 S.W.3d 527, 536 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.) (“Where there is no reporter’s record and no findings of

fact, we assume the trial court heard sufficient evidence to make all necessary findings in support

of its judgment.”).

CONCLUSION

For these reasons, we affirm the county court’s judgment.2

__________________________________________

Melissa Goodwin, Justice

Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Goodwin and Bourland

Affirmed

Filed: September 20, 2016

In its briefing, Armadillo Properties asks this Court to award it damages pursuant to Texas 2

Rule of Appellate Procedure 45. See Tex. R. App. P. 45 (authorizing award of “just damages” if

appellate court determines that appeal is frivolous). We decline to do so. See Baker Hughes Oilfield

Operations, Inc. v. Hennig Prod. Co., 164 S.W.3d 438, 448 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005,

no pet.) (noting that granting sanctions is discretionary if appellate court determines appeal

is frivolous).

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