**Cooper Environmental Services** 1 

# Why Do We Need a QAG?  **Multi**
**- metal**  **CEMS would otherwise depend on Method 29 for certification,**  **validation, audits and RATA.**   **PM CEMS/CPMS certifications with PS**  **11 and Method 5 are difficult,**  **costly and unreliable near detection**  **limit**
**- Requires**  **feed and AP control modifications “Generating**  **PM concentrations over the**  **measurement range is a PAIN”**   **Should be useful in new method development**  **for other species CEMS** 

# Quantitative **Aerosol Generator**  **(QAG)**

**Cooper Environmental Services** 2 **Solution Emission Rate (** 

## R **) (grams solution per minute)**  **An alyte**  **Solution Concentration (** 

## S **) (micrograms per grams solution)**  **Carrier/Drying Ai**  **r Flow**  **(** 

## F **) (cubic meters**  **per minute) Quantitativ**  **e Ae**  **rosol Conc. (**  

## C **) (micrograms per cubic meter)**  

# C = RS/F

**Tr aceable to NIST**  **Standards A**  **dev ice**  **that generates an aerosol w**  **hose concentration**  **is independently**  **traceable to NIST standards. G** **e n** **e r** **a t** **e** 

## Dilute**Cooper Environmental Services** 3 

# Key **Metals QAG Components** 

**Nebulizer Solution Control and**  **Measurement Nebulizer Carrier**  **Ai r**  **Control Droplet Size**  **Control Focused**  **Tr ansport**  **Drying Chamber**  

## Quantitative **Emissions (mg/min. and mg/dscm)** 

**Drying/Carrier Ai**  **r Drying/Carrier**  **Ai r** **Cooper Environmental Services** 4 

# Quantitative **Aerosol Generator**  **for Metals Dry**  **ing Chamber**
**Bubblers**

**Pump**

**Reserv oir** 

**Balance Nebulizer**  **Droplet Size**  **Control Focused**  **Tr ansport** **Cooper Environmental Services** 5



# QAG EMISSIONS OVER 13 HOURS

y = -0 .1 452x

+ 1 662. 7 R 2 = 0 .9 99
1, 380 1, 400 1, 420 1, 440 1, 460 1, 480 1, 500 1, 520 1, 540

800 1, 000 1, 200 1, 400 1, 600 1, 800 2, 000 **Mi nut**  **es M** **a s** **s (** **g )** 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100**Z i** **n c** **C o** **n c** **. μ** **g /** **m 3**  

### Xact **Measur ed**  **Zinc Conc. (μg/m 3**  

### )

**Measur ed**  **NIST Solution**  **Loss Rate (R) QA**  **G Calculated**  **Emissions (C A**  **)** 

## 13 hours

# Prototype MM/PM **QAG**

**Cooper Environmental Services** 6

**Drying Chamber Frequency Generator** 

**Amplifier Hea**  **ter Contr ols**  

# EP **A -**  **Ap pr**  **ove d**  **QA G f** 

**or audits of Multi**  **- metal**  **CEMS a t a specific**  **inciner at**  **or –**  **M29 not r equir**  **ed Cooper Environmental Services**  7 

# Note Difference **Between Aerosol**  **Generation Transport**  **Utility Cooper Environmental Services**  8 

# Qag **, Xact, XFM Laboratory**  **Test Arrangement** **Cooper Environmental Services** 9 

# Qag **, Xact, XFM Laboratory**  **Test Arrangement** **Cooper Environmental Services** 10 

# QAG **EMISSIONS RATE**  **OVER 13 HOURS** 

y = -0 .1 452x

+ 1 662. 7 R 2 = 0 .9 99
1, 380 1, 400 1, 420 1, 440 1, 460 1, 480 1, 500 1, 520 1, 540

800 1, 000 1, 200 1, 400 1, 600 1, 800 2, 000 **Mi nut**  **es M** **a s** **s (** **g )** 

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100**Z i** **n c** **C o** **n c** **. μ** **g /** **m 3**  

### Xact Measur **ed Zinc Conc. (μg/m 3**  

### )

**Measur ed**  **NIST Solution**  **Loss Rate (R)**



## QA **G Calcula ted**  **Aer osol Conc.**  **(C A**  

## ) **13 hours Cooper Environmental Services**  11 

# Flow Diagram for Lilly’s PM & MM **CEMS Field Testing With QAG**

**~700 lpm**  **QA G Spik** 

**e**

**Sig rist**  **Photometer CES Xact MM CEMS** **Cooper Environmental Services** 12



# Spiking **Flows at Lilly Stack**

**Stack Gas**  

## QA **G Aer osol** 

**(~50 lpm**  **)**

**CEMS/XFM**

**~12 m to CEMS**

**~0.3 m Port**  **~700 lpm** **Cooper Environmental Services** 13 

# QAG 

# + **XACT VARIABILITY COMPARED**  **TO**

**METHOD 29 PRECISION** 



# Ar **seni c**  **(3 .5**  **% RS**  **D)** 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

4/ 9 0: 00 4/ 9 12: 00 4/ 10 0: 00 4/ 10

12: 00 4/ 11 0: 00 4/ 11

12: 00 4/ 12 0: 00 4/ 12

12: 00**C o** **n c** **. (** **μ g** **/ d** **s c** **m )** 



## N=250 **Equivalent Method 29 Expected Data Scatter**



## Thr **ee Days**



# Even with stack conc. variability **, may s**  **till pass M301 criteria with dy**  **namic spiking** **Cooper Environmental Services** 14 

# Combined QAG & XACT **PRECISION**

**- Spiked Stack Gas**  **-**

**0 1**  **2 3**  **4**

**As Cd**  **Cr Pb**  **Hg %** **R S** **D Cooper Environmental Services**  15



## y **= 0.**  **999x - 0**  **.1 03**  **r = 0**  **.9 98**  **n =**  **675**

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

**Theor et**  **ic al**  **Concentrati on (μg/dscm)** **M e** **a s** **u r** **e d** **C o** **n c** **e n** **t r** **a t** **i o** **n (** **μ g** **/ d** **s c** **m )** **a**



## Cr As Hg Pb Cd 

# QAG **& Xact MM Linearity Demonstration** 

**All data included**  

# 135 r **uns Cooper Environmental Services**  16



# XFM RELATIVE **ACCURACY**

**– QAG**  **Spiked Stack Gas**  **-**

**0 5**  **10 15**  **20**

**AS CD**  **CR PB**  **HG R** **e l** **a t** **i v** **e A** **c c** **u r** **a c** **y** 

## EP

**A Re**  **quir es**  **less than 20%**