O. W., A CHILD,

Appellant,

v.

STATE OF FLORIDA,

Appellee.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST DISTRICT, STATE OF FLORIDA

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO 

FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND 

DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED

CASE NO. 1D16-2766

_____________________________/

Opinion filed March 15, 2017.

An appeal from the Circuit Court for Duval County.

Suzanne Bass, Judge.

Andy Thomas, Public Defender, Steven L. Seliger, Assistant Public Defender,

Tallahassee, for Appellant.

Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Thomas H. Duffy, Assistant Public Defender, 

Tallahassee, for Appellee.

PER CURIAM.

In this appeal, O.W. challenges the trial court’s order requiring him to pay 

$4,915.00 in restitution to the victims of his grand theft, arguing there was 

insufficient evidence to support the amount ordered. We agree and reverse for a new 

hearing. 
At the restitution hearing, the victim and owner of the missing jewelry was 

the only person to testify. She testified that after researching the internet and finding 

pictures of the missing items (some exact replicas and some similar to the missing 

jewelry), she took the pictures to a jeweler who then gave her an estimate of how 

much it would cost to replace the items. The owner further testified that she did not 

place the value on the missing items, but was testifying only as to what the jeweler’s 

estimate said the replacement cost of the items would be. 

O.W. argues that the owner’s testimony was hearsay and should not have been 

admitted, leaving the State with no evidence to support the amount of restitution 

ordered. We agree. The State bears the burden of proving the amount of restitution 

with competent, substantial evidence. DJR v. State, 139 So. 3d 458 (Fla. 1st DCA 

2014). Here, the State failed to meet its burden because the only evidence presented 

to support the amount of restitution ordered was the victim’s testimony of what the 

jeweler estimated the replacement cost of the missing items to be. See Bigelow v. 

State, 997 So. 1249, 1250 (Fla. 5th DCA 2009) (“Hearsay evidence may not be used 

to determine the amount of restitution when there is a proper objection by the defense 

to such evidence.”). While “[a]n owner of property is generally qualified to testify 

as to the value of his or her property,” A.G. v. State, 718 So. 2d 854, 856 (Fla. 4th 

DCA 1998), the owner’s testimony of value must be their own opinion or assessment 

of value, although they may take into consideration other sources to supplement and 
support their own knowledge of the value of the property. See id. (holding that the 

owner’s own estimate of value that was “based on what his jeweler and his wife had 

told him” was sufficient to support the order of restitution); see also Yaun v. State, 

898 So. 2d 1016 (holding that the owner’s assessments of the value of the stolen 

items based on her own research was sufficient to support the amount of restitution 

imposed).

The only evidence to support the amount of restitution imposed in this case 

was the owner’s testimony, which in turn was based solely on what the jeweler said. 

We are sympathetic to the victims of stolen property where, as here, the victims 

performed research and sought help from someone qualified to tell them how much 

it would cost to replace the missing items. But precedent says a witness’s mere 

recitation of someone else’s estimation of value is insufficient to support an order of 

restitution. “On remand, written estimates may suffice, so long as they satisfy the 

requirements of business records under section 90.803(6), Florida Statutes (2005), 

or are uncontested.” Conway v. State, 115 So. 3d 1058, 1059 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013) 

(quoting I.M. v. State, 958 So. 2d 1014, 1015 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007)).

REVERSED and REMANDED.

 WOLF, RAY, and MAKAR, JJ., CONCUR.