RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 

# References

Allison, J.D., D.S. Brown, and K.J. Novo-Gradac. 1991. MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems: Version 3.0 User’s Manual . EPA/600/3-91/021. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. March. ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Update) . Draft for Public Comment. Prepared by: Research Triangle Institute. Prepared for: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. August. Brady, N.C. 1984. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Ninth Edition. Collier MacMillan Publishers. Carsel, R obert F., Rudolph S. Parrish, Russell L. Jones, James L. Hansen, and Richard L. Lamb. 1988. Characterizing the uncertainty of pesticide leaching in agricultural soils. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology , 2: 111-124. Carsel, Robert F., and Rudolph S. Parrish, 1988. Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics. Water Resource Research . 29:755-770. Electric Power Research Institute, 1985. A review of Field Scale Physical Solute Transport Processes in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media. EPRI EA-4190, Project 2485-5, Palo Alto, California. Farmer, W.J., M.S. Yang, and J. Letey. 1978. "Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes: Controlling Vapor Movement in Soils." In: Land Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Research Symposium . Held at San Antonio, TX on March 6, 7, and 8, 1978. EPA-600/9-78­ 016. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. August. Gelhar, Lynn W., 1985. Personal Communication. Gelhar, Lynn W., Claire Welty, Kenneth R. Rehfeldt, 1992. A Critical review of data on field-scale dispersion in aquifers. Water Resources Research , 28(7), 1955-1974. Hattis, D., and D.E. Burmaster. 1994. "Assessment of Variability and Uncertainty Distributions for Practical Risk Analyses." Risk Analysis , 14(5): 713-730. Keup, L.E. 1985. "Flowing Water Resources." Water Resources Bulletin , 21(2): 291-296. April. McKone, T.E. 1987. "Human Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Household Tap Water: The Indoor Inhalation Pathway." Environmental Science and Technology , 21(12): 1194-1201.



### 6-1RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 McKone, T.E., and K.T. Bogen. 1992. "Uncertainties in Health-Risk Assessment: An Integrated Case Study Based on Tetrachloroethylene in California Groundwater." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , 15: 86-103. Mills, W.B., J.D. Dean, D.B. Porcella, S.A. Gherini, R.J.M. Hudson, W.E. Frick, G.L. Rupp, and G.L. Bowie. 1982. Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, Part 1 . EPA-600/6-82-004a. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. September. National Research Council. 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process

. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Newell, Charles J., Loren P. Hopkins, and Philip B. Bedient, 1989. Hydrogeologic Database for Ground Water Modeling . API Publication No. 4476, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. Newell, Charles J., Loren P. Hopkins, and Philip B. Bedient, 1990. “Hydrogeologic Database for Ground Water Modeling.” Ground Water, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 703 - 714. North Carolina Department of Health, Environment, and Natural Resources (NC DHENR). 1997. North Carolina Protocol for Performing Indirect Exposure Risk Assessments for Hazardous Waste Combustion Units . Prepared by: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Environmental Analysis, Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared for: State of North Carolina, Division of Waste Management. January. Shen, Thomas T. 1980. Emission Estimation of Hazardous Organic Compounds from Waste Disposal Sites

. Presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Montreal, Quebec. June 22-27. Suter II, G.W. and C.L. Tsao. 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Aquatic Biota: 1996 Revision . ES/ER/TM-96/R2. Prepared by: Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge, TN. Prepared for: U.S. DOE, Office of Environmental Management. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. June U.S. Department of Energy. 	1984. Atmospheric Science and Power Production . DOE/TIC-27601 (DE84005177). Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, TN. U.S. EPA. 	1984. Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating Air Emissions from Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities . EPA-450/3-84-020. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. December. U.S. EPA. 	1985a. Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Particulate Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites . EPA/600/8-85/002. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. February. U.S. EPA. 	1985b. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources . Fourth Edition. EPA Publication AP-42. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September.



### 6-2RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 U.S. EPA. 	 1985c. "Transport to the Air - Ambient Air Dispersion Model (AADM)." In: "Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Proposed Exclusions and Proposed Organics Model." Federal Register, 50(229): 48963-48967. November 27. U.S. EPA. 	1986a. Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide - Second Edition Volume I. EPA-450/4-86-005a. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. June. U.S. EPA. 1986b. Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual . Draft. OSWER Directive 9285.5-1. Submitted to: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. January 14. U.S. EPA. 1988a. Background Document on Subsurface Fate and Transport Model . Office of Solid Waste ­ OS-333. U. S. EPA. 1988b. National Survey of Solid Waste (Municipal) Landfill Facilities . Draft. EPA/530-SW88­ 034. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C. September. U.S. EPA.	 1988c. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) . Final. PB89-199256. Prepared by: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. Prepared for: Office of Drinking Water. April. U. S. EPA. 	1988d. Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods 1310, 1311, and 1312 for Lead in Soil . U.S. EPA Contract 68-01-7075. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. November. U.S. EPA. 	1989a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A) . EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. December. U.S. EPA. 	1989b. Exposure Factors Handbook . EPA/600/8-89/043. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. July. U.S. EPA.	 1989c. "Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates;" from J. Winston Porter, OSWER Assistant Administrator; to Regional Administrators, Regions I-X. OSWER Directive 9850.4. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. January 27. U.S. EPA. 1990a. Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) Version 2.0 User’s Manual . EPA-450/4­ 90-019a. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. September. U.S. EPA. 1990b. Background Document for the Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) Version 2.0

. EPA-450/4-90-019b. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. September. U.S. EPA. 1990c. Background Document for EPA's Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML) . EPACMLS0002.A. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. February. U.S. EPA.	 1990d. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule." Federal Register, 55(61): 11798-28895. March 29. U.S. EPA. 	 1990e. "National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; Final Rule." Federal Register, 55(46). March 8. 

### 6-3RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 U.S. EPA. 1990f. Exposure Factors Handbook . EPA/600/8-89/043. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. March. U.S. EPA. 	1990g. Statistics of Aquifer Material Properties and Empirical pH-dependent Partitioning Relationships for As (III), As (V), Ba(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(V), Se(IV), Tl(I), and Zn(II) . Office of Research and Development, Athens GA; edited by N. T. Loux,, C. R. Chafin, and S. M. Hassan. March. U.S. EPA. 	 1990h. User's Manual for EPA's Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML) . Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. U.S. EPA. 1991a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals) . EPA/540/R-92/003; Publication 9285.7-01B. Office of Research and Development, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. December. U.S. EPA.	 1991b. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Proposed Use of EPA’s Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML) and Proposed Exclusion." Federal Register , 56(138): 32993-33012. July 18. U.S. EPA. 	1991c. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance, "Standard Default Exposure Factors" . Interim Final. OSWER Directive: 9285.6-03. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Toxics Integration Branch, Washington, D.C. March 25. U. S. EPA. 1991d. MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems: Version 3.0 User's Manual . EPA/600/3-91/021. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. March. U.S. EPA. 1992a. "Guidelines for Exposure Assessment; Notice." Federal Register, 57(104): 22888-22938. May 29. U.S. EPA. 1992b. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications . Interim Report. EPA/600/8-91/011B. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. January. U.S. EPA. 	1992c. Health Assessment for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds. Chapters 1 to 8 . Workshop Review Draft. EPA/600/AP-92/001a through 001h. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. August. U.S. EPA. 	1992d. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment . EPA/630/R-92/001. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, D.C. February. U.S. EPA. 	1993a. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Surface Water Resulting from Conversion System’s Petitioned Waste . August 27. U.S. EPA. 	1993b. Parameter Values for the EPA’s Composite Module for Landfills (EPACML) Used in Developing Nationwide Regulations: Toxicity Characteristic Rule. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C.



### 6-4RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 U.S. EPA. 	1993c. Docket Report on Evaluation of Air Emissions Resulting from Conversion Systems, Inc.’s Petitioned Waste . September 9. U.S. EPA. 	1993d. Addendum to the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect Exposure to Combustor Emissions . External Review Draft. EPA/600/AP-93/003. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. November. U.S. EPA. 	 1993e. Environmental Fate Constants for Organic Chemicals under Consideration for EPA’s Hazardous Waste Identification Projects . U. S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Athens, GA. Edited by Kollig, Heinz. U.S. EPA. 	1994a. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Air from U.S. DOE Hanford's Petitioned Waste . May 27. U.S. EPA. 	1994b. Health Assessment Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds, Volume III of III. External Review Draft. EPA/600/BP-92/001c. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. August. U.S. EPA. 	1994c. Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds. Volume II: Properties, Sources, Occurrence, and Background Exposures . External Review Draft. EPA/600/6-88/005Cb. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. June. U.S. EPA. 	 1994d. Draft Guidance for Performing Screening Level Risk Analyses at Combustion Facilities Burning Hazardous Wastes. Attachment C, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for RCRA Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities . April 15. U.S. EPA. 	 1994e. Revised Draft Guidance for Performing Screening Level Risk Analyses at Combustion Facilities Burning Hazardous Wastes. Attachment C, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for RCRA Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities . Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Office of Solid Waste. December 14. U.S. EPA 1994f. "Ecological Screening Values". 	 In: Ecological Risk Assessment Bulletin No. 2 . Waste Management Division, U.S. EPA Region IV, Atlanta, GA. U.S. EPA. 	1994g. Draft Revision, Implementation Guidance for Conducting Indirect Exposure Analysis at RCRA Combustion Units. Attachment, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for RCRA Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities. April 22. U.S. EPA.	 1994h. Memorandum. "Subject: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and RCRA Corrective Action Facilities." OSWER Directive 9355.4-12. From Elliot P. Laws, Assistant Administrator. To Regional Administrators Regions I - X. July 14. U.S. EPA. 1995a. "Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste: Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR)." Federal Register, 60(245): 66344-66469. December 21.



### 6-5RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 U.S. EPA. 	1995b. Technical Support Document for the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment for Human and Ecological Receptors . Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. August. U.S. EPA. 	1996a. Application of EPACMTP to Region 6 Delisting Program: Development of Waste Volume-Specific Dilution Attenuation Factors . August. U.S. EPA. 	1996b. EPACMTP Background Document . Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. September. U.S. EPA. 1996c. EPACMTP Background Document for the Finite Source Methodology for Chemicals with Transformation Products and Implementation of the HWIR . Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. September. U.S. EPA. 	1996d. Background Document for EPACMTP: Metals Transport in the Subsurface, Volume 1: Methodology . Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. August. U.S. EPA. 	1996e. The Region 6 RCRA Delisting Program Guidance Manual for the Petitioner . U.S. EPA Region 6, Dallas, TX. March 21. U.S. EPA. 	1996f. Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide . Second Edition. EPA/540/R-96/018. Publication 9355.4-23. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. July. U.S. EPA. 1996g. Integrated Risk Information System. Database on the Toxicology Information Network

. U.S. EPA. 	 1996h. PCBs: Cancer Dose-Response Assessment and Application to Environmental Mixtures

. EPA/600/P-96/001F. Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. September. U.S. EPA.	 1996i. "Ecotox Thresholds." ECO Update 3(2):1-12. EPA/540/F-95/038. Publication 9345.0­ 12FSI. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. January. U.S. EPA. 	1997a. Supplemental Background Document; NonGroundwater Pathway Risk Assessment; Petroleum Process Waste Listing Determination . 68-W6-0053. Office of Solid Waste, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. March 20. U.S. EPA. 	1997b. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volumes I, II, and III. EPA/600/P-95/002Fabc. Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. August. U.S. EPA. 	1997c. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Surface Water Resulting from Conversion System’s Petitioned Waste . July 28. U.S. EPA. 	1997d. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol . US EPA Region 6, Dallas, TX, and Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. U.S. EPA. 1997e. EPA's Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products, EPACMTP: User’s Guide . Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C.



### 6-6RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 U.S. EPA. 	1997f. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables, FY 1997 Update . 9200.6-303 (97-1). EPA 540/R-97-036. Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. Prepared for National Center for Environmental Assessment. July. U.S. EPA. 1997g. "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication SW-846." Federal Register , 62(114): 32452. Friday, June 13. U. S. EPA. 	1997h. Analysis of EPA’s Industrial Subtitle D Databases used in Groundwater Pathway Analysis of the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR) . Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. September. U.S. EPA. 	1998a. The Region 6 RCRA Delisting Risk Assessment Software User’s Manual . U.S. EPA Region 6, Dallas, TX. October. U.S. EPA. 	1998b. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities, Volume One . Peer Review Draft. EPA530-D-98-001A. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. July. U.S. EPA.	 1998c. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Petroleum Refining Process Wastes; Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified Wastes; and CERCLA Hazardous Substance Designation and Reportable Quantities." Federal Register, 63(151): 42110. August 6. U.S. EPA.	 1998d. "National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Notice; Republication." Federal Register, 63(237): 68354-68364. December 10. U.S. EPA. 	 1998e. Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities. Draft Interim Final. April. U.S. EPA. 1999. EPA's Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products (EPACMTP) Background Document for Metals; Volume 2: Sorption Isotherms . Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. August. U.S. EPA. 	2001. Industrial Surface Impoundments in the United States. EPA530-R-01-005. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. March. U.S. EPA 2003a. EPACMTP Technical Background Document . EPA530-R-03-006. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. April. U.S. EPA 2003b. EPACMTP Parameters/ Data Background Document. EPA530-R-03-003. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. April. U.S. EPA	 2005. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities, (Final) . EPA530-R-05-006. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. September. U.S. EPA 2006. Memorandum, Subject: Updates to DRAS Toxicity Values , Mangino, M. Ph.D., et al, U.S. EPA Region 5 Delisting Program, Chicago, Illinois. February 3.



### 6-7RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 Visher, S.S. 1954. Climatic Atlas of the United States . Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Oxford University Press, London. Westat. 1987. Nationwide Survey of Industrial Subtitle D Landfills

. Wischmeier, W.H. and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the Rocky Mountains . USDA Handbook, No. 282. Agricultural Research Service.



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