P.1 

RCRA Box 1883 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

93) ll-B-255 

Docket Number: 

A-90-19 

Printed 12/3/200810:42:16 AM Sheet 93 of 171 
P.2 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: 

TO: 

FROM: 

October 11, 1991 

Bennett King, Radian 

-\ 0/ 

Thomas L. Olsen, Radian 

A-90-19 

ll-B-255 

iF;!' SEP I 4I99?. 

EPA AIR DOCKET 

SUBJECT: Vinyl Chloride NESHAP Interpretation into the HON 

Process Vents Framework 

The level of control required by existing Federal and State 

regulations for SOCMI process vents was considered in estimating 

the baseline emissions from process vents in the chemical process 

units evaluated under the Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON). The 

vinyl chloride NESHAP has been reviewed for its applicability to 

establishing baseline emissions for HON process vents. The vinyl 

chloride NESHAP is attached to this memorandum. 

The vinyl chloride NESHAP regulates emissions from ethylene 

dichloride production by the reaction of oxygen (air) and 

hydrogen chloride with ethylene and the production of vinyl 

chloride. The regulation limits the emissions of vinyl chloride 

to a maximum concentration of 10 ppmv for most vents, or to an 

emissions-to-production ratio not to exceed 0.2 g/kg of ethylene 

dichloride for the oxychlorination vent. 

These regulated emission levels are comparable to those 

levels achievable with the 98 percent control,resulting from use 

of a combustion device. This control level is consistent with 

other control levels considered in the evaluation of baseline and 

controlled emissions. To ensure that baseline emissions are as 

accurately represented as possible, the applicable vinyl chloride 

regulated production processes were controlled by 98 percent 

combustion at baseline. 

Attachment 

cc: John Stelling, Radian 

Bart Ferrero, Radian 

Project File 6.1 (M. Haley) 

vc- a(htn02)(ls) 

Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100 
ATTACHMENT A 

vc-m«ao(hta02)<U) 
{61 J * 

on the basis of the amount of time 

that could elapse during periods of 

process or control system upsets 

before the emission limits would be exceeded, and consideration Is to be 

given to the time that would be necessary to repair the failure. 

(4) Designation of the immediate actions to be taken in the event of an excursion beyond the value of the parameter established In 2. 

(5) Provisions for reporting, semiannually, parameter excursions and the 

corrective actions taken, and provisions tor reporting within 10 days any 

significant excursion. 

(6) Identification of the accuracy of 

the monitoring devlceis) or of the 

readings obtained. 

<7) Recordkeeping requirements for 

certifications and calibrations. 

(d) Mercury cell chloralkali plantscell room ventilation system. 

(1) Stationary sources determining 

cell room emissions In accordance with 

161.53(c)(4) shall maintain dally 

records of all leaks or spills of mercury. The records shall Indicate the 

amount, location, time, and date the 

leaks or spills occurred. Identify the 

cause of the leak or spill, state the immediate steps taken to minimize mercury emissions and steps taken to prevent future occurrences, and provide 

the time and date on which corrective 

steps were taken. 

(3) The results of monitoring shall 

be recorded, retained at the source, 

and made available tor inspection by 

the Administrator for a minimum of 2 

years. 

(Approved by the Office of Management 

and Budget under control number 3000-

0097) 

(82 PR 8727. Mar. 18.1M7] 

MM Delegation of authority. 

(a) In delegating implementation 

and enforcement authority to a State 

under section 112(d) of the Act. the 

authorities contained.in paragraph (b) 

of this section shall be retained by the 

Administrator and not transferred to a 

State. 

(b) Authorities which will not be delegated to States: Sections 61.53(c)(4) 

and 61.55(d). The authorities not delegated to 8tates listed are in addition to 

the authorities In the General Provl40 OFM Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

sions. subpart A of 40 CFR part 61. 

that will not be delegated to Btates 

(1161.04(b). 61.12(d)(1). and 

61.13(h)UXll». 

(62 FB 8128. Mar. 18. 1887] 

Subpart F—National Emission 

Standard for Vinyl Chloride 

8OUBCC: 41 FR 46884. Oct. 21. 1878. unless 

otherwise noted. 

881.00 Applicability. 

(a) This subpart applies to plants 

which produce: 

(1) Ethylene dichloride by reaction 

of oxygon and hydrogen chloride with 

ouiylonOv 

(1) Vinyl chloride by any process, 

and/or 

(3) One or more polymers containing 

any fraction ot polymerised vinyl chloride. 

(b) This subpart does not apply to 

equipment used tn research and development if the reactor used to polymerize the vinyl chloride processed In the 

equipment has a capacity of no more 

than 0.19 tn> (50 gal). 

(c) Sections of this subpart other 

than 1161.61, 61.64 (aMl). (b). (c). and 

(d); 61.67; 61.68; 61.69; 61.70; and 61.71 

do not apply to equipment used In research and development it the reactor 

used to polymerize the vinyl chloride 

processed in the equipment has a capacity of greater than 0.19 m* (60 gal) 

and no more than 4.07 m* (1075 gal). . 

1976. aa amended at 

1877; 89 PR 88872. 

(41 PR 48884. Oct. 21. 

42 PR 28000. June 7. 

Sept. 23.1988) 

181.81 Definitions. 

Terms used tn this subpart are defined in the Act. In subpart A of this 

part, or in this section as follows: 

(a) Ethylene dichloride plant Includes any plant which produces ethylene dichloride by reaction of oxygen 

and hydrogen chloride with ethylene. 

(b) Vinyl chloride plant Includes any 

plant which produces vinyl chloride by 

any process. 

(c) Polyvinyl chloride plant Includes 

any plant where vinyl chloride alone 

or in combination with other materials 

ls polymerized. 

39 

Environiaontal Protection Agancy 

(d) Slip gauge means a gauge which 

has a probe that moves through the 

gas/liquid interface in a storage or 

transfer vessel and Indicates the level 

of vinyl chloride In the vessel by the 

physical state of the material the 

gauge discharges. 

(e) Type of resin means the broad 

classification of resin referring to the 

basic manufacturing process for producing that resin, including, but not 

limited to, the suspension, dispersion, 

latex, bulk, and solution processes. 

(f) Grade of resin means the subdivision of resin classification which describes It as a unique resin, i.e.. the 

most exact description of a resin with 

no further subdivision. 

(g) Dispersion resin means a resin 

manufactured In such a way as to 

form fluid dispersions when dispersed 

In a plasticizer or plasticizer/diluent 

mixtures. 

(h) Latex resin means a resin which 

Is produced by a polymerization process which initiates from free radical 

catalyst sites and is sold undried. 

(i) Bulk resin means a resin which is 

produced by a polymerization process 

in which no water is used. 

(J) Inprocess wastewater means any 

water which, during manufacturing or 

processing, comes Into direct contact 

with vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride or results from the production or 

use of any raw material, intermediate 

product, finished product, by-product, 

or waste product containing vinyl 

chloride or polyvinyl chloride but 

which has not been discharged to a 

wastewater treatment process or discharged untreated as wastewater. Gasholder seal water Is not inprocess 

wastewater until It is removed from 

the gasholder. 

(k) Wastewater treatment process Includes any process which modifies 

characteristics such as BOD. COD. 

TSS. and pH. usually for the purpose 

of meeting effluent guidelines and 

standards; it does not include any 

process the purpose of which is to 

remove vinyl chloride from water to 

meet requirements of this subpart. 

(1) fn vinyl chloride service means 

that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a liquid that is a least 

10 percent vinyl chloride by weight or 

a gas that is at least 10 percent by 

33 

S 61.61 

volume vinyl chloride as determined 

according to the provisions ot 

161.67(h). The provisions of 161.67(h) 

also specify how to determine that a 

piece of equipment Is not tn vinyl chloride service. For the purposes of this 

subpart, this definition must be used 

in place of the definition of "tn VHAP 

service" In subpart V of this part. 

(m) Standard operating procedure 

means a formal written procedure officially adopted by the plant owner or 

operator and available on a routine 

basts to those persons responsible for 

carrying out the procedure. 

(n) Run means the net period of 

time during which an emission sample 

Is collected. 

(o) Ethylene dichloride purification 

Includes any part of the process of 

ethylene dichloride purification following ethylene dichloride formation, 

but excludes crude. Intermediate, and 

final ethylene dichloride storage 

tanks. 

(p) Vinyl chloride purtftcafton incudes any part of the process of vinyl 

chloride production which follows 

vinyl chloride formation. 

(q) Reactor Includes any vessel In 

which vinyl chloride Is partially or totally polymerized Into polyvinyl chloride. 

(r) Reactor opening loss means the 

emissions of vinyl chloride occurring 

when a reactor is vented to the atmosphere for any purpose other than an 

emergency relief discharge as defined 

in i 61.65(a). 

(s) Stripper Includes any vessel In 

which residual vinyl chloride Is removed from polyvinyl chloride resin, 

except bulk resin. In the slurry form 

by the use of heat and/or vacuum. In 

the case of bulk resin, stripper includes any vessel which is used to 

remove residual vinyl chloride from 

polyvinyl chloride resin Immediately 

following the polymerization step in 

the plant process flow. 

(t) Standard temperature means a 

temperature of 20* C (69* F). 

(u) Standard pressure means a pressure of 760 mm of Hg (29.92 In. of Hg). 

(v) Relief valve means each pressure 

relief device Including pressure relief 

valves, rupture disks and other pressure relief systems used to protect 

process components from overpressure 
§61.61 

conditions. "Relief valve" does not include polymerization shortstop systems, referlgerated water systems or 

control valves or other devices used to 

control flow to an Incinerator or other 

sir pollution control device. 

(w> Leak means any of several events 

that Indicate Interruption of confinement of vinyl chloride within process 

equipment. Leaks Include events regulated under subpart V of this part 

such as: 

(1) An Instrument reading of 10,000 

ppm or greater measured according to 

Method 31 (see appendix A of 40 CFR 

part 60); 

(3) A sensor detection of failure of a 

seal system, failure of a barrier fluid 

system, or both; 

(3) Detectable emissions as Indicated 

by an Instrument reading of greater 

than SOO ppm above background for 

equipment designated for no detectable emissions measured according to 

Test Method 21 (see appendix A of 40 

CFR part 60); and 

(4) In the case of pump seals regulated under 861.242-2. Indications of 

liquid dripping constituting a leak 

under 8 61.242-2. 

Leaks also Include events regulated 

under 861.65(bX8XI> for detection of 

ambient concentrations In excess of 

background concentrations. A relief 

valve discharge Is not a leak. 

(x> JEchaiuf gas means any offgas 

(the constituents of which may consist 

of any fluids, either as a liquid and/or 

gas) discharged directly or ultimately 

to the atmosphere that was Initially 

contained In or was In direct contact 

with the equipment for which gas 

limits are prescribed In SI 61.62(a) and 

(b); 61.63(a): 61.64 (aXl). (b). (c). and 

(d); 61.66 (bXlXU). (bX2>. (bX3). 

(bX5). (bX6Xtl). (bX7). and (bX9Xil); 

and 61.65(d). A leak as defined In paragraph (w) of this section Is not an exhaust gas. Equipment which contains 

exhaust gas Is subject to 8 61.65(bX8). 

whether or not that equipment contains 10 percent by volume vinyl chloride. 

(y) Relief valve discharge means any 

nonleak discharge through a relief 

valve. 

<z> 3 hour period means any three 

consecutive 1-hour periods (each commencing on the hour), provided that 

40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

the number of 3-hour periods during 

which the vinyl chloride concentration 

exceeds 10 ppm does not exceed the 

number of 1-hour periods during 

which the vinyl chloride concentration 

exceeds 10 ppm. 

(41 PR 48584. Oct. 21. 1876. as amended at 

42 PR 28008. June 7. 1877: 81 PR 34808. 

Sept. 30.1888: 88 PR 28348. July 10. 1890) 

• 61.62 Emiaaion standard for ethylene dla-diijgjl ptaata. 

(a) Ethylene dichloride purification. 

The concentration of vinyl chloride in 

each exhaust gas stream from any 

equipment used In ethylene dichloride 

pujruTloaUoo a* not to exceed 10 ppm 

(average for 9-hour period), except as 

provided In 161.65(a). This requirement does not preclude combining of 

exhaust gas streams provided the combined steam Is ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride In the exhaust 

gases does not exceed 10 ppm. or 

equivalent as provided In 161.66. This 

requirement does not apply to equipment that has been opened, is out of 

operation, and met the requirement In 

161.6S(bX6XI) before being opened. 

(b) Ozychtoriaafioit reactor. Except 

as provided In 161.684a). emissions of 

vinyl chloride to the atmosphere from 

each oxychlorination reactor are not 

to exceed 0.2 g/kg (0.0002 lb/lb) (average for 3-hour period) of the 100 percent ethylene dtchlaride product from 

the oxychlorination process. 

(81 PR 34908. Sept. 30.1988) 

• 8143 standard for vinyl chhv 

An owner or operator of a vinyl chloride plant shall comply with the requirements of this section and 8 61.65. 

(a) Vinyl chloride formation and purification: The concentration of vinyl 

chloride In each exhaust gas stream 

from any equipment used in vinyl 

chloride formation and/or purification 

is not to exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-

hour period), except as provided in 

8 61.65(a). This requirement does not 

preclude combining of exhaust gas 

streams provided the combined steam 

is ducted through a control system 

from which the concentration of vinyl 

chloride in the exhaust gases does not 

f nvkoraoantal Protection Agency 

exceed 10 ppm, or equivalent as provided In 8 61.66. This requirement does 

not apply to equipment that has been 

opened. Is out of operation, and met 

the requirement in 8 61.6S(bX6XI) 

before being opened. 

(81 PR 34809. Sept. 30. 1888) 

081.84 Emiaaion standard for polyvinyl 

chloride plants. 

An owner or operator of a polyvinyl 

chloride plant shall comply with the 

requirements of this section and 

161.65. 

(a) Reactor. The following requirements apply to reactors: 

(1) The concentration of vinyl chloride In each exhaust gas stream from 

each reactor Is not to exceed 10 ppm 

(average for 3-hour period), except as 

provided In paragraph (aX2) of this 

section and 8 61.65(a). 

(2) The reactor opening loss from 

each reactor Is not to exceed 0.02 g 

vinyl chloride/kg (0.00002 lb vinyl 

chloride/lb) of polyvinyl chloride 

product, except as provided In paragraph (fXl) of this section, with the 

product determined on a dry solids 

basis. This requirement does not apply 

to prepolymerizatlon reactors in the 

bulk process. This requirement does 

apply to postpolymerlzatlon reactors 

in the bulk process, where the product 

means the gross product of prepolymerizatlon and postpolymerlzatlon. 

(3) Manual vent valve discharge. 

Except for an emergency manual vent 

valve discharge, there is to be no discharge to the atmosphere from any 

manual vent valve on a polyvinyl chloride reactor In vinyl chloride service. 

An emergency manual vent valve discharge means a discharge to the atmosphere which could not have been 

avoided by taking measures to prevent 

the discharge. Within 10 days of any 

discharge to the atmosphere from any 

manual vent valve, the owner or operator of the source from which the discharge occurs shall submit to the Administrator a report in writing containing information on the source, 

nature and cause of the discharge, the 

date and tune of the discharge, the approximate total vinyl chloride loss 

during the' discharge, the method used 

(or determining the vinyl chloride loss 

(the calculation of the vinyl chloride 

S61.4H 

loss), the action that was taken to prevent the discharge, and measures 

adopted to prevent future discharges. 

(b) Stripper. The concentration of 

vlnly chloride In each exhaust gaa 

stream from each stripper Is not to 

exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour 

period), except as provided In 

8 61.65(a). This requirement does not 

apply to equipment that has been 

opened, is out of operation, and met 

the requirementlon 861-65(bX6XI) 

before being opened. 

(c) Mixing, weighing, and holding 

containers. The concentration of vinyl 

chloride In each exhaust gas stream 

from each mixing, weighing, or holding container In vinyl chloride service 

which precedes the stripper (or the reactor if the plant has no stripper) in 

the plant process flow is not to exceed 

10 ppm (average for 3-hour period), 

except as provided In 161.66(a). This 

requirement does not apply to equipment that has been opened. Is out of 

operation, and met the requirement In 

8 61.65(bX6Xi) before being opened. 

(d) Monomer recovery system. The 

concentration of vinyl chloride in each 

exhaust gas stream from each monomer recovery system Is not to exceed 

10 ppm (average for 3-hour period), 

except as provided In 161.66(a). This 

requirement does not apply to" equipment that has been opened, is out of 

operation, and met the requirement in 

8 61.6S(b)(6XI) before being opened. 

(e) Sources following the stripperis}. 

The following requirements apply to 

emissions of vinyl chloride to the atmosphere from the combination of all 

sources following the stripperts) lor 

the reactor(s) if the plant has no 

stripperts)) in the plant process flow 

including but not limited to. centrifuges, concentrators, blend tanks, filters, dryers, conveyor air discharges, 

baggers, storage containers, and inprocess wastewater, except as provided In 

paragraph (f) of this section: 

(1) In polyvinyl chloride plants using 

stripping technology to control vinyl 

chloride emissions, the weighted average residual vinyl chloride concentration in all grades of polyvinyl chloride 

resin processed through the stripping 

operation on each calendar day. measured Immediately after the stripping 

^«; 
561*5 

operation Is completed, may not 

exceed: 

(1) 2000 ppm for polyvinyl chloride 

dispersion resins, excluding latex 

resins; 

(II) 400 ppm for all other polyvinyl 

chloride resins. Including latex resins, 

averaged separately for each type of 

resin; or 

(2) In polyvinyl chloride plants controlling vinyl chloride emissions with 

technology other than stripping or In 

addition to stripping, emissions of 

vinyl chloride to the atmosphere may 

not exceed: 

(I) 2 g/kg (0.002 lb/lb) product from 

the strlpperts) [or reactorta) if the 

plant has no strlpperts)] for dispersion 

polyvinyl chloride resins, excluding 

latex resins, with the product determined on a dry solids basts; 

(II) 0.4 g/kg (0.0004 lb/lb) product 

from the strippers [or reactorts) If the 

plant has no strlpperts)! for all other 

polyvinyl chloride resins, including 

latex resins, with the product determined on a dry solids basis. 

(3) The provisions of this paragraph 

apply at all times Including when offspecification or other types of resins 

are made. 

(f) Reactor used as stripper. When a 

nonbulk resin reactor Is used as a 

stripper this paragraph may be applied tn lieu of 8 61.64 (aX2) and (eXl): 

(1) The weighted average emissions 

of vinyl chloride from reactor opening 

loss and all sources following the reactor used as a stripper from all grades 

of polyvinyl chloride resin stripped in 

the reactor on each calendar day may 

not exceed: 

(I) 2.02 g/kg (0.00202 lb/lb) of polyvinyl chloride product for dispersion 

polyvinyl chloride resins, excluding 

latex resins, with the product determined on a dry solids basis. 

(II) 0.42 g/kg (0.00042 lb/lb) of polyvinyl chloride product for all other 

polyvinyl chloride resins. Including 

latex resins, with the product determined on a dry solids basis. 

(41 PR 48544. Oct. 21. 1978. as amended at 

61 PR 34808. Sept. 30. 1888; S3 PR 38972. 

8ept. 23.1888) 

40 CFI Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

0 61.65 Emiaaion standard for ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride and polyvinyl 

chloride plants. 

An owner or operator of an ethylene 

dichloride, vinyl chloride, and/or polyvinyl chloride plant shall comply with 

the requirements of this section. 

(a) Relief valve discharge. Except for 

an emergency relief discharge, and 

except as provided In 8 61.65(d), there 

Is to be no discharge to the atmosphere from any relief valve on any 

equipment In vinyl chloride service. 

An emergency relief discharge means 

a discharge which could not have been 

avoided by taking measures to prevent 

the discharge. Within 10 days of any 

relief valve discharge, except for those 

subject to 8 61.66(d). the owner or operator of the source from which the 

relief valve discharge occurs shall 

submit to the Administrator a report 

in writing containing Information on 

the source, nature and cauae of the 

discharge, the date and time of the 

discharge, the approximate total vinyl 

chloride loss during the discharge, the 

method used for determining the vinyl 

chloride loss (the calculation of the 

vinyl chloride loss), the action that 

was taken to prevent the discharge, 

and measures adopted to prevent 

future discharges. 

(b) Fugitive emission sources—(1) 

Loading and unloading lines. Vinyl 

chloride emissions from loading and 

unloading lines In vinyl chloride service which are.opened to the atmosphere after each loading or unloading 

operation are to be minimized as follows: 

(I) After each loading or unloading 

operation and before opening a loading or unloading line to the atmosphere, the quantity of vinyl chloride 

In all parts of each loading or unloading line that are to be opened to the 

atmosphere Is to be reduced so that 

the parts combined contain no greater 

than 0.0038 mHO.13 ft') of vinyl chloride, at standard temperature and 

pressure; and 

(II) Any vinyl chloride removed from 

a loading or unloading line in accordance with paragraph (bXIXI) of this 

section is to be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride In the exhaust 

•*« 

Environmental Protection Agency 

gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average 

for 3-hour period), or equivalent as 

provided In 8 61.66. 

(2) Slip gauges. During loading or 

unloading operations, the vinyl chloride emissions from each slip gauge In 

vinyl chloride service are to be minimized by ducting any vinyl chloride 

discharged from the slip gauge 

through a control system from which 

the concentration of vinyl chloride In 

the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 

ppm (average for 3-hour period), or 

equivalent as provided in 8 61.66. 

(3) Leakage from pump, compressor, 

and agitator seals: 

(I) Rotating pumps. Vinyl chloride 

emissions from seals on all rotating 

pumps in vinyl chloride service are to 

be minimized by Installing sealless 

pumps, pumps with double mechanical 

seals or equivalent as provided In 

8 61.66. If double mechanical seals are 

used, vinyl chloride emissions from 

the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two 

seals so that any leak that occurs is 

Into the pump; by ducting any vinyl 

chloride between the two seals 

through a control system from which 

the concentration of vinyl chloride in 

the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 

ppm; or equivalent as provided in 

8 61.66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 61 subpart V 

demonstrates compliance with the 

provisions of this paragraph. 

(II) Reciprocating pumps. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all reciprocating pumps in vinyl chloride service are to be minimized by Installing 

double outboard seals, or equivalent as 

provided in 8 61.66. If double outboard 

seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions 

from the seals are to be minimized by 

maintaining the pressure between the 

two seals so that any leak that occurs 

Is Into the pump; by ducting any vinyl 

chloride between the two seals 

through a control system from which 

the concentration of vinyl chloride in 

the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 

ppm; or equivalent as provided in 

8 61.66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 61 subpart V 

demonstrates compliance with the 

provisions of this paragraph. 

(III) Rotating compressor. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all rotat-

§61.65 

ing compressors in vinyl chloride service are to be minimized by installing 

compressors with double mechanical 

seals, or equivalent as provided In 

8 61.66. If double mechanical seals are 

used, vinyl chloride emissions from 

the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two 

seals so that any leak that occurs Is 

Into the compressor; by ducting any 

vinyl chloride between the two seals 

through a control system from which 

the concentration of vlrtyl chloride In 

the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 

ppm; or equivalent as provided In 

8 61.66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 61 subpart V 

demonstrates compliance with the 

provisions of this paragraph. 

(iv) Reciprocating compressors. 

Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on 

all reciprocating compressors In vinyl 

chloride service are to be minimized by 

installing double outboard seals, or 

equivalent as provided in 8 61.66. If 

double outboard seals are used, vinyl 

chloride emissions from the seals are 

to be minimized by maintaining the 

pressure between the two seals sb that 

any leak that occurs Is Into the compressor; by ducting any vinyl chloride 

between the two seals through a control system from which concentration 

of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases 

does not exceed 10 ppm; or equivalent 

as provided In 8 61.66. Compliance 

with the provisions of 40 CFR part 61 

subpart V demonstrates compliance 

with the provisions of this paragraph. 

(v) Agitator. Vinyl chloride emissions 

from seals on all agitators In vinyl 

chloride service are to be minimized by 

Installing agitators with double mechanical seals, or equivalent as provided in 8 61.66. If double mechanical 

seals are used, vihyl chloride emissions 

from the seals are to be minimized by 

maintaining the pressure between the 

two seals so that any leak that occurs 

is into the agitated vessel; by ducting 

any vinyl chloride between the two 

seals through a control system from 

which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does hot 

exceed 10 ppm; or equivalent as provided in 8 61.66. v 

(4) Leaks front relief valves. Vinyl 

chloride emissions due to leaks from 

each relief valve on equipment in vlfiyl 

37 
141.85 

chloride service shall comply with 

161.243-4 of subpart V of this part. 

(5) Manual venting of gases. Except 

u provided In 8 61.64(aX3). all gases 

which are manually vented from 

equipment In vinly chloride service are 

to be ducted through a control system 

from which the concentration of vinyl 

chloride In the exhaust gases does not 

exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour.' 

period); or equivalent as provided in 

861-66. 

(6) Opening of equipment. Vinyl 

chloride emissions from opening of 

equipment (excluding crude. Intermediate, and final EDC storage tanks, 

but Including prepolymertsatlon reactora used In the manufacture of bulk 

resins and loading or unloading lines 

that are not opened to the atmosphere 

after each loading or unloading operation) are to be minimised follows: 

(I) Before opening any equipment 

for any reason, the quantity of vinyl 

chloride which Is contained therein ia 

to be reduced to an amount which occupies a volume of no more than 2.0 

percent ot the equipment's containment volume or 0.0950 cubic meters 

(25 gallons), whichever Is larger, at 

standard temperature and pressure. 

(II) Any vinyl chloride removed from 

the equipment In accordance with 

paragraph (bX6XI) of this section is to 

be ducted through a control system 

from which the concentration of vinyl 

chloride In the exhaust gases does not 

exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour 

period); or equivalent as provided in 

861.66. 

(7) Sample*. Unused portions of sam-

. pies containing at least 10 percent by 

weight vinyl chloride are to be returned to the process or destroyed In a 

control device from which concentration of vinyl chloride In the exhaust 

gas does not exceed 10 ppm (average 

for 3-hour period) or equivalent as 

provided tn 861.66. Sampling techniques are to be such that sample containers In vinyl chloride service are 

purged Into a closed process system. 

Compliance with the provisions of 40 

CFR part 61 subpart V demonstrates 

compliance with the provisions of this 

paragraph. 

(8) Leak detection and elimination 

Vinyl chloride emissions due to leaks 

40 CFI Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

from equipment In vinyl chloride service are to be minimized as follows: 

(DA reliable and accurate vinyl chloride monitoring system shall be operated for detection of major leaks and 

Identification of the general area of 

the plant where a leak Is located. A 

vinyl chloride monitoring system 

means a device which obtains air samples from one or more points on a conUnuous sequential basis and analyzes 

the samples with gas chromatography 

or. If the owner or operator assumes 

that all hydrocarbons measured are 

vinyl chloride, with Infrared spectrophotometry, flame Ion detection, or an 

equivalent or alternative method. The 

vinyl chloride monitoring system shall 

be operated according to a program 

developed by the plant owner or operator. The owner or operator shall 

submit a description of the program to 

the Administrator within 45 days of 

the effective date of these regulations, 

unless a waiver of compliance Is granted under 861.11. or the program has 

been approved and the Administrator 

does not request a review of the program. Approval of a program will be 

granted by the Administrator provided 

he finds: 

(A) The location and number of 

points to be monitored and the frequency of monitoring provided for In 

the program are acceptable when they 

are compared with the number of 

pieces of equipment in vinyl chloride 

service and size and physical layout of 

the plant. 

(B) It contains a definition of leak 

which Is acceptable when compared 

with the background concentrations of 

vinyl chloride tn the areas of the plant 

to be monitored by the vinyl chloride 

monitoring system. Measurements of 

background concentrations of vinyl 

chloride In the areas of the plant to be 

monitored by the vinyl chloride monitoring system are to be Included with 

the description of the program. The 

definition of leak for a given plant 

may vary among the different areas 

within the plant and is also to change 

over time as background concentrations in the plant are reduced. 

(C) It contains an acceptable plan of 

action to be taken when a leak is detected. 

38 

Environmental Protection Agency 

(D) It provides for an acceptable 

calibration and maintenance schedule 

for the vinyl chloride monitoring 

system and portable hydrocarbon detector. For the vinyl chloride monitoring system, a daily span check Is to be 

conducted with a concentration of 

vinyl chloride equal to the concentration defined as a leak according to 

paragraph (bX8XIXB) of this section. 

The calibration Is to be done with 

either 

(J) A calibration gas mixture prepared from the gases specified In sections 6.2.1. and 5.2.2. of Test Method 

106 and in accordance with section 7.1 

of Test Method 106. or 

(2) A calibration gas cylinder standard containing the appropriate concentration of vinyl chloride. The gas 

composition of the calibration gas cylinder standard Is to have been certified by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must have recommended a 

maximum shelf life for each cylinder 

so that the concentration does not 

change greater than ±5 percent from 

the certified value. The date of gas 

cylinder preparation, certified vinyl 

chloride concentration, and recommended maximum self life must have 

been affixed to the cylinder before 

shipment from the manufacturer to 

the buyer. If a gas chromatograph Is 

used as the vinyl chloride monitoring 

system, these gaa mixtures may be directly used to prepare a chromatograph calibration curve as described In 

section 7.3 of Test Method 106. The requirements In section 6.2.3.1. and 

6.2.3.2. of Test Method 106 for certification of cylinder standards and for 

establishment and verification of calibration standards are to be followed. 

(ID For each process unit subject to 

this subpart, a formal leak detection 

and repair program shall be Implemented consistent with subpart V of 

this part, except as provided in paragraph (bX8Xili) of this section. This 

program Is to be Implemented within 

90 days of the effective date of these 

regulations, unless a waiver of compliance is granted under '8 61.11. Except 

as provided in paragraph (bX8°xii)(E) 

of this section, an owner or operator 

shall be exempt from J 61.242-Kd). 

161.242-7 (a), (b). and (c). 8 61.246. 

and 8 61.247 of subpart V of this part 

V 

§61.63 

for any process unit in which the percentage of leaking valves Is demon-, 

st rated to be less than 2.0 percent, as 

determined in accordance with the following: 

(A) A performance test as specified 

In paragraph (b)(8)(iiXB) of this section shall be conducted Initially within 

90 days of the effective date of these 

regulations, annually,< and at times requested by the Administrator. 

(B) For each performance test, a 

minimum of 200 or 90 percent, whichever Is less, of the total valves In VOC 

service (as defined In 8 60.481 of subpart W of part 60) within the process 

unit shall be randomly selected and 

monitored within 1 week by the methods specified In 8 61.245(b) of this part. 

If an Instrument reading of 10,000 

ppm or greater Is measured, a leak Is 

detected. The leak percentage shall be 

determined by dividing the number of 

valves in VOC service for which leaks 

are delected by the number of tested 

valves in VOC service. 

(C) If a leak Is detected. It shall be 

repaired In accordance with 8 61.242-7 

(d) and (e) of subpart V of this part. 

<D> The results of the performance 

test shall be submitted In writing to 

the Administrator In the first quarterly report following the performance 

test as part of the reporting requirements of 8 61.70. 

(E) Any process unit In which the 

percentage of leaking valves Is found. 

to be greater than 2.0 percent according to the performance test prescribed 

In paragraph (bX8XHXB) of this section must comply with all provisions 

of subpart V of this part within 00 

days. 

(Ill) Open-ended valves or lines located on multiple service process lines 

which operate in vinyl chloride service 

less than 10 percent of the time are 

exempt from the requirements of 

8 61.242-6 of subpart V. provided the 

open-ended valves or lines are addressed in the monitoring system required by paragraph (bX8Xi) of this 

section. The Administrator may apply 

this exemption to other existing openended valves or lines that are demonstrated to require significant retrofit 

cost to comply with the requirements 

of 8 61.242-6 of subpart V. 

39 
§61.65 

(9) Inprocess wastewater. Vinyl chloride emissions to the atmosphere from 

InproceM wastewater are to be reduced 

as follows: 

(I) The concentration of vinyl chloride In each Inprocess wastewater 

stream containing greater than 10 

ppm vinyl chloride measured Immediately as It leaves a piece of equipment 

and before being mixed with any other 

Inprocess wastewater stream is to be 

reduced to no more than 10 ppm by 

weight before being mixed with any 

other Inprocess wastewater stream 

which contains leas than 10 ppm vinyl 

chloride; before being exposed to the 

atmosphere; before being discharged 

to a wastewater treatment process; or 

before being discharged untreated as a 

wastewater. This paragraph does 

apply to water which is used to displace vinyl chloride from equipment 

before It Is opened to the atmosphere 

In accordance with 8 61.64(aX2) or 

paragraph (bX6) of this section, but 

does not apply to water which is used 

to wash out equipment after the 

equipment has already been opened to 

the atmosphere In accordance with 

861.64(aX2) or paragraph (bX6) of 

this section. 

(II) Any vinyl chloride removed from 

the Inprocess wastewater In accordance with paragraph (bXOXI) of this 

section Is to be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride In the exhaust 

gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average 

for 3-hour period); or equivalent as 

provided In 8 61.66. 

(c) The requirements In paragraphs 

(bXl). (bX2). (bX5). (bX6>. (bX7) and 

(bX8) of this section are to be incorporated into a standard operating procedure, and made available upon request 

for Inspection by the Administrator. 

The standard operating procedure is 

to Include provisions for measuring 

the vinyl chloride in equipment 4.75 

m

a

 (1255 gal) In volume for which an 

emission limit is prescribed in 

861.65(bX6XD after opening the 

equipment and using Test Method 106, 

a portable hydrocarbon detector, or an 

alternative method. The method of 

measurement Is to meet the requirements In 8 61.67(g)(5)(lXA) or 

(gXSXIXB). 

40 CHI Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

(d) A RVD that is ducted to a control device that Is continually operating while emissions from the release 

are present at the device is subject to 

the following requirements: 

(DA discharge from a control device 

other than a flare shall not exceed 10 

ppm (average over a 3-hour period) as 

determined by the continuous emission monitor system required under 

8 61.68. 8uch a discharge is subject to 

the requirements of 8 61.70. 

(2) For a discharge routed to a flare, 

the flare shall comply with the requirements of 160.18. 

(I) Flare operations shall be monitored In accordance with the requirements of 8860.18(d) and 60.18(f)(2). 

For the purposes of 8 60.18(d). the 

volume and component concentration 

of each relief valve discharge shall be 

estimated and calculation shall be 

made to verify ongoing compliance 

with the design and operating requirements of 88 60.18 (cX3) through (cX6). 

If more than one relief valve is discharged simultaneously to a single 

flare, these calculations shall account 

for the cumulative effect of all such 

relief valve discharges. These calculations shall be made and reported quarterly for all discharges within the 

quarter. Failure to comply with any of 

the requirements ot this paragraph 

will be a violation of 8 61.65(dX2). 

Monitoring tor the presence of a flare 

pilot flame shall be conducted in accordance with 8 60.16(1X2). If the results of this monitoring or any other 

Information shows that the pilot 

flame Is not present 100 percent of the 

time during which a relief valve discharge Is routed to the flare, the relief 

valve discharge Is subject to the provisions of 8 61.65(a). 

(II) A report describing the flare 

design shall be provided to the Administrator not later than 90 days after 

the adoption of. this provision or 

within 30 days of the Installation of a 

flare system for control of relief valve 

discharge whichever is later. The flare 

design report shall Include calculations based upon expected relief valve 

discharge component concentrations 

and net heating values (for PVC this 

calculation shall be based on values 

expected if a release occurred at the 

Instant the polymerization starts); and 

40 

Environmental Protection Agency 

estimated maximum exit velocities 

based upon the design throat capacity 

of the gas in the relief valve. 

(41 FR 48584. Oct. 21. 1976: 41 PR S30I7. 

Dec. 3. 1976. as amended at 42 PR 29006. 

June 7. 1977; 61 PR 34810. Sept. 30. 1086; 53 

PR 36972. Sept. 23. 1988; 86 FR 28348. July 

10. 1990) 

061.96 Equivalent equipment and procedures. 

Upon written application from an 

owner or operator, the Administrator 

may approve use of equipment or procedures which have been demonstrated to his satisfaction to be equivalent 

In terms of reducing vinyl chloride 

emissions to the atmosphere to those 

prescribed for compliance with a specific paragraph of this subpart. 

(61 PR 34912.8ept. 30.1986) 

• 61.67 Emission tests. 

(a) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained under 8 61.13. the 

owner or operator of a source to which 

this subpart applies shall test emissions from the source. 

(1) Within 90 days of the effective 

date In the case of an existing source 

or a new source which has an Initial 

startup date preceding the effective 

date, or 

(2) Within 90 days of startup In the 

case of a new source, initial startup of 

which occurs after the effective date. 

(b) The owner or operator shall provide the Administrator at least 30 days 

prior notice of an emission test to 

afford the Administrator the opportunity to have an observer present 

during the test. 

(c) Any emission test Is to be conducted while the equipment being 

tested Is operating at the maximum 

production rate at which the equipment will be operated and under other 

relevant conditions as may be specified 

by the Administrator based on representative performance of the source. 

(d) (Reserved) 

(e) When at all possible, each sample 

Is to be analyzed within 24 hours, but 

In no case In excess of 72 hours of 

sample collection. Vinyl chloride emissions are to be determined within 30 

days after the emission test. The 

owner or operator shall report the determinations to the Administrator by 

§ 61.67 

a registered letter dispatched before 

the close of the next business day following the determination. 

(f) The owner or operator shall 

retain at the plant and make available, 

upon request, for Inspection by the 

Administrator, for a minimum of 3 

years, records of emission test results 

and other data needed to determine 

emissions. 

(g) Unless otherwise specified, the 

owner or operator shall Ufe test Test 

Methods In Appendix B to this part 

for each test as required by paragraphs (gXl). (gX2). (g)(3). (gX4). and 

(gX5) of this section, unless an alternative method has been approved by 

the Administrator. If the Administrator finds reasonable grounds to dispute the results obtained by an alternative method, he may require the use 

of a reference method. If the results 

of the reference and alternative methods do not agree, the results obtained 

by the reference method prevail, and 

the Administrator may notify the 

owner or operator that approval of the 

method previously considered to be alternative Is withdrawn. Whenever Teat 

Method 107 is specified, and the conditions In Section 1.1. "Applicability" of 

Method 107A are met. Method 107A 

may be used. 

(1) Test Method 106 Is to be used to 

determine the vinyl chloride emisaions 

from any source for which an emission 

limit Is prescribed In 8 61.62 (a) or (b) 

8 61.63(a). or 8 61.64(aXl). (b). (c). or 

(d). or from any control system to 

which reactor emissions are required 

to be ducted In 8 61.64(aX2) or to 

which fugitive emissions are required 

to be ducted Is 8 61.65(bXlXID. (bX2). 

(bX5), (bX6XII). or (bX9XID. 

(1) For each run, one sample Is to be 

collected. The sampling site Is to be at 

least two stack or duct diameters 

downstream and one half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance 

such as a bend, expansion, contraction, or visible flame. For a rectangular cross section an equivalent diameter Is to be determined from the following equation: 

equivalent diameter = 2 (length) (width)/ 1 

lenglh + width ' ,. 

The sampling point in the duct Is to beat the centroid of the cross section* 

41 
•T~-

§61.67 

The sample Is to be extracted at a rate 

nroDortlonal to the gas velocity at the 

sampling point. The sample Is to con 

iTta a minimum volume of 50 liters 

corrected to standard conditions and Is 

to be taken over a period as close to 1 

hour as practicable. 

(II) Each emission test Is to consist of 

three runs. For the purpose of determining emissions, the average of results of all runs Is to apply. The average Is to be computed on a time 

weighted basis. 

(III) For gas streams containing more 

than 10 percent oxygen the concentration of vinyl chloride as determined by 

Test Method 106 Is to be corrected to 

10 percent oxygen (dry basis) for detennination of emissions by using the 

following equation: 

a u. ..m-rt- 10.8/20.9-percent O, 

where: 

a M~«««>=*The concentration of vinyl chloride In the exhaust cases, corrected to 

10-pereent oxygen. 

a-The concentration of vinyl chloride as 

measured by Test Method 106. 

20.6- Percent oxygen In the ambient air at 

standard conditions. 

18.6-Percent oxygen In the ambient air at 

standard conditions, minus the 10.0-pereent oxygen to which the correction Is 

being made. 

Percent O,-Percent oxygen In the exhaust 

gas as measured by Reference Method 3 

bt Appendix A of part 60 of this chapter. 

(Iv) For those emission sources 

where the emission limit is prescribed 

in terms of mass rather than concentration, man emissions In kg/100 kg 

product are to be determined by using 

the following equation: 

C-U-ICU2.60) 9 10 ') (1001/Z 

•here: 

Cu-sg vinyl chloride/100 kg product. 

a-The concentration of vinyl chloride as 

measured by Teat Method 106. 

2.60-Density of vinyl chloride at ooe atmosphere and 20* C In kg/m» 

Q-Volumetric flow rate In m>/hr as determined by Reference Method 2 of Appendta A to part 80 of this chapter. 

IO-'-Conversion factor (or ppm. 

Z~Productlon rate (kg/hr). 

(2) Test Method 107 or Method 601 

(Incorporated by reference as specified 

In 8 61.18) Is to be used to determine 

the concentration of vinyl chloride in 

each inprocess wastewater stream for 

40 CFI Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

which an emission limit is prescribed 

In 8 61.65(bX9XD. 

(3) When a stripping operation Is 

used to attain the emission limits In 

8 61.64 (e) and (f >. emissions are to be 

determined using Test Method 107 as 

follows: 

(i) The number of strippers (or reactors used as strippers) and samples 

and the types and grades of resin to be 

sampled are to be determined by the 

Administrator for each Individual 

plant at the time of the test based on 

the plant's operation. 

(II) Each sample Is to be taken immediately following the stripping operation. 

(III) The corresponding quantity of 

material processed by each stripper 

(or reactor used as a stripper) Is to be 

determined on a dry solids basis and 

by a method submitted to and approved by the Administrator. 

(Iv) At the prior request of the Administrator, the owner or operator 

shall provide duplicates of the samples 

required In paragraph (gX3Xi) of this 

section. 

(4) Where control technology other 

than or In addition to a stripping operation is used to attain the emission 

limit In 8 61.64(e). emiasions are to be 

determined as follows: 

(I) Test Method 106 is to be used to 

determine atmospheric emissions from 

all of the process equipment simultaneously. The requirements of paragraph (gXl) of this section are to be 

met. 

(II) Test Method 107 Is to be used to 

determine the concentration of vinyl 

chloride In each inprocess wastewater 

stream subject to the emission limit 

prescribed in 861.64(e). The mass of 

vinyl chloride In kg/100 kg product In 

each Inprocess wastewater stream is to 

be determined by using the following 

equation: 

c«=temo*) (1001/2 

where: 

C, = kg vinyl chloride/100 kg product. 

G.=lhe concentration of vinyl chloride as 

measured by Test Method 107. 

H=water flow rate In 1/hr. determined In 

accordance with a method which has 

been submitted to and approved by the 

Administrator. 

10"*=Conversion (actor for ppm. 

42 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Z=Production rate (kg/hr). determined In 

accordance with a method which has 

been submitted and approved by the Administrator. 

(5) The reactor opening loss for 

which an emission limit Is prescribed 

In B61.64(aX2) Is to be determined. 

The number of reactors for which the 

determination ts to be made Is to be 

specified by the Administrator for 

each Individual plant at the time of 

the determination based on the plant's 

operation. 

(I) Except as provided In paragraph 

(gXSXli) of this section, the reactor 

opening loss Is to be determined using 

the following equation: 

C= IP(3.80) U0'> ICbi/YZ 

where: 

C=kg vinyl chloride emissions/kg product. 

H*= Capacity of the reactor Inm'. 

2.60=Density of vinyl chloride at one atmosphere and 20* C In kg/m *. 

10's Conversion factor for ppm. 

(*»=ppm by volume vinyl chloride as determined by Test Method 108 or a portable 

hydrocarbon detector which measures 

hydrocarbons with a sensitivity of at 

least 10 ppm. 

V= Number of batches since the reactor was 

last opened to the atmosphere. 

Z=Average kg of polyvinyl chloride produced per batch In the number of 

batches since the reactor was last 

opened to the atmosphere. 

(A) If Method 106 Is used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride (Cb). the sample Is to be withdrawn at a constant rate with a probe 

of sufficient length to reach the vessel 

bottom from the manhole. Samples 

are to be taken for 5 minutes within 6 

Inches of the vessel bottom. 5 minutes 

near the vessel center, and 5 minutes 

near the vessel top. 

(B) If a portable hydrocarbon detector Is used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride (Cb), a probe of 

sufficient length to reach the vessel 

bottom from the manhole Is to be used 

to make the measurements. One measurement will be made within 6 Inches 

of the vessel bottom, one near the 

vessel center and one near the vessel 

top. Measurements are to be made al 

each location until the reading is stabilized. All hydrocarbons measured are 

to be assumed to be vinyl chloride. 

§*i.*7r 

(C) The production rate of polyvinyl 

chloride (Z) is to be determined by a 

method submitted to and approved by 

the Administrator. 

(II) A calculation based on the 

number of evacuations, the vacuum involved, and the volume of gaa In the 

reactor Is hereby approved by the Ad 

mlnistrator as an alternative method 

for determining reactor opening loss 

for postpolymerlzatlon reactors in the 

manufacture of bulk resins. Calculation methods baaed on techniques 

other than repeated evacuation of the 

reactor may be approved by the Administrator for determining reactor 

opening loss for postpolymerlzatlon reactors In the manufacture of bulk 

resins. 

(6) For a reactor that Is used as a 

stripper, the emissions of vinyl chloride from reactor opening loss and all 

sources following the reactor used aa a 

stripper for which an emission limit is 

prescribed in 8 61.64(f) are to be deter- _-• 

mined. The number of reactors for 

which the determination is to be made 

Is to be specified by the Administrator 

for each Individual plant at the time 

of the determination based on the 

plant's operation. 

(I) For each batch stripped In the reactor, the following measuremenia are 

to be made: 

(A) The concentration (ppm) of 

vinyl chloride In resin after stripping, 

measured according to paragraph 

(gX3) of this section; 

(B) The reactor vacuum (mm Hg) at 

end of strip from plant instrument; 

and 

(C> The reactor temperature CO at 

end of strip from plant Instrument. 

(II) For each batch stripped In the 

reactor, the following Information Is 

to be determined: 

(A) The vapor pressure (mm Rg) of 

water in the reactor at end of strip 

from the following table: 

Reactor 

vapor 

alura 

CC) 

H*0 

near 

prM-

• v « 

(ram 

Hg) 

SS3 

58 3 

61 S 

646 

ftMCKjf 

Mmpw-

• m 

CC) 

62 

63 

64 

65 

HwO 

«•!><» 

(»•»• 

•Ur* 

(nm 

Hg) 

163 S 

1714 

1793 

167 S 

niiri i 

tanpw-

• k n 

rc» 

64 

as 

as 

67 

H O 

a m 

Hg) 

4ISS 

4336 

4506 

4SS7 

4 3 
$6147 

* 0 

pos-

• M 

( S I 

716 

786 

7*6 

637 

MO 

ns 

wt 

102.1 

107.2 

1125 

1100 

I M S 

iaoo 

( M l 

1416 

1404 

1564 

____* 

•km 

ro 

M 

07 

M 

M 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

76 

70 

77 

70 

70 

M 

01 

02 

M 

M O 

9*+ 

(NMH 

Hg, 

1M.1 

2060 

214.2 

2237 

2337 

243.0 

2540 

266 7 

2772 

2 M t 

301.4 

3141 

3273 

341.0 

3661 

3M.7 

304.0 

4000 

nndn 

•Us 

rc» 

M 

00 

00 

01 

02 

03 

04 

05 

06 

07 

M 

SO 

100 

H O 

s i t 

xz 

407.1 

5061 

5250 

540.0 

507.0 

5000 

oioo 

0330 

0570 

002.1 

707.3 

733.2 

700.0 

40 CW Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

760=atmospheric pressure al 0 'C. In nun 

Hg 

RV-absolute value of reactor vacuum. In 

mm Hg 

VPW=vapor pressure of water. In mm Hg 

(C) The reactor vapor space volume 

(ma) at end of strip from the following 

equation: 

(B) The partial pressure (mm Hg) of 

vinyl chloride In reactor at end ot strip 

from the foUowing equation: 

PPVC- 760-RV-VPW 

where: 

PPVC-partial pressure of vinyl chloride. In 

mmHg 

RV8V-RC-WVPVCW 

1.400 

where: 

RV8V-reactor vapor apace volume, tn m* 

RC-reactor capacity. In m» 

WV-volume of water In reactor from 

recipe. Inm* 

PVCW-dry weight of polyvinyl chloride In 

reactor from recipe. In kg 

1.400-typical density of polyvinyl chloride. 

In kg/m* 

(Iii) For each batch stripped in the 

reactor, the combined reactor opening 

loss and emissions from all sources following the reactor used as a stripper is 

to be determined using the following 

equation: 

C=(PPMVCX10-*>+ 

where: 

C-6 vinyl chloride/kg polyvinyl chloride 

product 

PPMVC-concentratlon of vinyl chloride In 

resin after stripping. In ppm 

10 ••• conversion factor for ppm 

PPVC-partlal pressure of vinyl chloride determined according to paragraph 

(gXOMUXB) of this section, In mm Hg 

RV8V- reactor vapor space volume determined according to paragraph 

(gMSMIlKC) of this section. In m> 

1.003-ldeal gaa constant In g-'K/mm 

Hg - m» for vinyl chloride 

PVCW-dry weight of polyvinyl chloride In 

reactor from recipe, hi kg 

273-convetskm factor for 'C to "K 

RT-reactor temperature. In 'C 

(hXl) Each piece of equipment 

within a process unit that can reasonably contain equipment In vinyl chloride service Is presumed to be In vinyl 

chloride service unless an owner or opI erator demonstrates that the piece of 

, equipment Is not In vinyl chloride 

(PPVCXRVSVK1.002) 

(PVCWK273 + RT) 

service. For s piece of equipment to be 

considered not In vinyl chloride service. It must be determined that the 

percent vinyl chloride content can be 

reasonably expected not to exceed 10 

percent by weight for liquid streams 

or contained liquid volumes and 10 

percent by volume for gas streams or 

contained gas volumes, which also Includes gas volumes above liquid 

streams or contained liquid volumes. 

For purposes of determining the percent vinyl chloride content of the 

process fluid that Is contained In or 

contacts equipment, procedures that 

conform to the methods described In 

ASTM Method D-2267 (Incorporated 

by reference as specified In 8 61.18) 

shall be used. 

(2X1) An owner or operator may use 

engineering Judgment rather than the 

procedures in paragraph (hXl) of this 

section to demonstrate that the per44 

environmental Protection Agency 

cent vinyl chloride content does not 

exceed 10 percent by weight for liquid 

streams and 10 percent by volume for 

gas streams, provided that the engineering Judgment demonstrates that 

the vinyl chloride content clearly does 

not exceed 10 percent. When an owner 

or operator and the Administrator do 

not agree on whether a piece of equipment Is not In vinyl chloride service, 

however, the procedures In paragraph 

(hXl) of this section shall be used to 

resolve the disagreement. 

(II) If an owner or operator determines that a piece of equipment Is In 

vinyl chloride service, the determination can be revised only after following the procedures In paragraph (hXl) 

of this section. 

(3) Samples used In determining the 

percent vinyl chloride content shall be 

representative of the process fluid 

that ls contained in or contacts the 

equipment. 

141 PR 46664. Oct. 31. 1976. aa amended at 

42 PR 29007. June 7. 1977; 47 FR 39486. 

8ept. 8. 1982; 80 PR 46295. Nov. 7. 1988; 61 

PR 34913. Sept. 39.19981 

• 61.66 Easlaakm monitoring-

(a) A vinyl chloride monitoring 

system Is to be used to monitor on a 

continuous basis the emissions from 

the sources for which emission limits 

are prescribed in 88 61.62 (a) and (b). 

61.63(a). and 61.64 (aXl). (b). (c). and 

(d), and for any control system to 

which reactor emissions are required 

to be ducted In 8 61.64(aX2) or to 

which fugitive emissions are required 

to be ducted in 8 61.65 (bXIXII). and 

(bX2). (bX5). (bX6) (II). and (bX9XID. 

(b) The vinyl chloride monitoring 

system(s) used to meet the requirement In paragraph (a) of this section 

Is to be a device which obtains representative samples from one or more 

applicable emission points on a continuous sequential basis and analyzes the 

samples with gas chromatography or. 

If the owner or operator assumes that 

all hydrocarbons measured are vinyl 

chloride, with infrared, spectrophotometry, flame Ion detection, or an alternative method. The vinyl chloride 

monitoring system used to meet the 

requirements In 8 61.65(bX8XD may be 

used to meet the requirements of this 

section. 

§61.6t 

(c) A daily span check is to be conducted for each vinyl chloride monitoring system used. For all of the 

emission sources listed In paragraph 

(a) of this section, except the one for 

which an emission limit is prescribed 

In 8 61.62(b). the dally span check Is to 

be conducted with a concentration of 

vinyl chloride equal to 10 ppm. For 

the emission source for which an emission limit is prescribed In 8 61.62(b). 

the daily span check is to bd conducted with a concentration of vinyl chloride which is determined to be equivalent to the emission limit for that 

source based on the emission test required by 8 61.67. The calibration is to 

be done with either: 

(1) A calibration gas mixture prepared from the gases specified in sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 of Test Method 

106 and In accordance with section 7.1 

of Test Method 106, or 

(2) A calibration gas cylinder standard containing the appropriate concentration of vinyl chloride. Th e gaa 

composition of the calibration gaa cylinder standard is to have been certified by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must have recommended a 

maximum shelf life for each cylinder 

so that the concentration does not 

change greater than ± 5 percent from 

the certified value. The date of gaa 

cylinder preparation, certified vinyl 

chloride concentration and recommended maximum shelf life must have 

been affixed to the cylinder before 

shipment from the manufacturer to 

the buyer. If a gas chromatograph Is 

used as the vinyl chloride monitoring 

system, these gas mixtures may be directly used to prepare a chromatograph calibration curve as described in 

section 7.3 of Test Method 106. The requirements in sections 5.2.3.1 and 

5.2.3.2 of Test Method 106 for certification of cylinder standards and for 

establishment and verification of calibration standards are to be followed. 

(d) When exhaust gas(es). having 

emission limits that are subject to the 

requirement of paragraph (a) of this 

section, are emitted to the atmosphere 

without passing through the control 

system and required vinyl chloride 

monitoring system, the vinyl chloride 

content of the emission shall be calculated (In units of each applicable emla4ft 
§6149 

alon limit) by best practical engineering judgment based on the discharge 

duration and known VC concentrations In tbe affected equipment as determined In accordance with 161.67(h) 

or other acceptable method. 

(e) For each 3-hour period, the vinyl 

chloride content of emissions subject 

to the requirements of paragraphs (A) 

wtd (d> of this section shall be averaged (weighted according to the proportion of Ume that emissions were 

continuously monitored and that emissions bypassed the continuous monitor) for purposes of reporting excess 

emissions under 8 61.70(cXl). 

(f) For each vinyl chloride emission 

to the atmosphere determined In accordance with paragraph (e) of this 

section to be In excess of the appUcable emission limits, the owner or operator shall record the Identity of the 

aourcefs). the date. time, and duration 

of the excess emission, the cause of 

the excess emission, and the approximate total vinyl chloride loss during 

the excess emission, and the method 

used for determining the vinyl chloride loss. This Information shall be retained and made available for Inspection by the Administrator as required 

by 8 61.71(a). 

141 PR 46864. Oct. 21. 1876; 41 PR 83017. 

Dae. 3. 1976. aa amended at 43 PR 29907. 

June 7. 1977: 60 PR 46298. Nov. 7. 1985; 81 

PR 34913. Sept. 30. 1996; 86 FR 29349. July 

16.1898) 

161.49 Initial report. 

(a) An owner or operator of any 

source to which this subpart applies 

shall submit a statement In writing notifying the Administrator that the 

equipment and procedural specifications In 861.65 (bXl). (bX2). (bX3). 

(b)(4). (bX5). (bX6), (bX7). and (bX8) 

are being Implemented. 

(bXl) In the ease of an existing 

source or a new source which has an 

Initial startup date preceding the effective date, the statement Is to be 

submitted within 90 days of the effective date, unless a waiver of compliance Is granted under 8 61.11. along 

with the information required under 

8 61.10. If a waiver of compliance is 

granted, the statement is to be submitted on a date scheduled by the Administrator. 

40 CW Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

(2) In the case of a new source which 

did not have an initial startup date 

preceding the effective date, the statement is to be submitted within 90 days 

of the initial startup date. 

(c) The statement is to contain the 

following information: 

( D A list of the equipment Installed 

for compliance, 

(2) A description of the physical and 

functional characteristics of each 

piece of equipment. 

(3) A description of the methods 

which have been incorporated into the 

standard operating procedures for 

measuring or calculating the emissions 

for which emission limits are prescribed In 161.65 (bXIXI) and (bX6XI), 

(4) A statement that each piece of 

equipment Is Installed and that each 

piece of equipment and each procedure Is being used. 

• 61.76 Repotting. 

(aXl) The owner or operator of any 

source to which this subpart applies 

shall submit to the Administrator on 

March 16. June 15. September 15. and 

December 16 of each year a report tn 

writing containing the information required by this section. The first report 

Is to be submitted following the first 

full 3-month reporting period after 

the Initial report Is submitted. 

(2) In the ease of an existing source, 

the approved reporting schedule shall 

be used. In addition, quarterly reports 

shall be submitted exactly 3 months 

following the current reporting dates. 

(bXl) In the case of an existing 

source or a new source which has an 

Initial startup date preceding the effective date, the first report is to be 

submitted within 180 days of the effective date, unless a waiver of compliance Is granted under 8 61.11. If a 

waiver of compliance Is granted, the 

first report Is to be submitted on a 

date scheduled by the Administrator. 

(2) In the case of a new source which 

did not have an Initial startup date 

preceding the effective date, the first 

report Is to be submitted within 180 

days of the Initial startup date. 

(c) Unless otherwise specified, the 

owner or operator shall use the Test 

Methods In Appendix B to this part to 

conduct emission tests as required by 

Environmental Protection Agency 

paragraphs (cX2) and (c)(3) of this 

section, unless an alternative method 

has been approved by the Administrator. If the Administrator finds reason-. 

able grounds to dispute the results obtained by an alternative method, he 

may require the use of a reference 

method. If the results of the reference 

and alternative methods do not agree, 

the results obtained by the reference 

method prevail, and the Administrator 

may notify the owner or operator that 

approval of the method previously 

considered to be alternative Is withdrawn. 

(1) The owner or operator shall include In the report a record of the 

vinyl chloride content of emissions for 

each 3-hour period during which average emissions are in excess of the 

emission limits In 8 61.62 (a) or (b>. 

861.63 (a), or 8 61.64 (aXl). (b). (c). or 

(d). or during which average emissions 

are In excess of the emission limits 

specified for any control system to 

which reactor emissions are required 

to be ducted in 8 61.64 (aX2) or to 

which fugitive emiasions are required 

to be ducted in 8 61.65 (bMIKll). (bX2). 

(bX5). (bX6MII). or (bXOXiD.The 

number of 3-hour periods for which 

average emiasions were determined 

during the reporting period shall be 

reported. If emissions In excess of the 

emission limits are not detected, the 

report shall contain a statement that 

no excess emissions have been detected. The emissions are to be determined 

in accordance with 161.68(e). 

(2) In polyvinyl chloride plants for 

which a stripping operation Is used to 

attain the emission level prescribed in 

881.64(e). the owner or operator shall 

Include In the report a record of the 

vinyl chloride content In the polyvinyl 

chloride resin. 

(I) If batch stripping ts used, one 

representative sample of polyvinyl 

§ 6170r 

chloride resin Is to be taken from each 

batch of each grade of resin Immediately following the completion of the 

stripping operation, and Identified by 

resin type and grade and the date and 

time the batch Is completed. The corresponding quantity of material processed in each stripper batch is to be recorded and Identified by resin type 

and grade and the date and time the 

batch is completed. 

(II) If continuous stripping Is used, 

one representative sample of polyvinyl 

chloride resin Is to be taken for each 

grade of resin processed or at Intervals 

of 8 hours for each grade of resin 

which Is being processed, whichever Is 

more frequent. The sample is to be 

taken as the resin flows out of the 

stripper and identified by resin type 

and grade and the date and time the 

sample was taken. The corresponding 

quantity of material processed by each 

stripper over the time period represented by the sample during the 8- . 

hour period. Is to be recorded and 

identified by resin type and grade and 

the date and time It represents. 

(III) The vinyl chloride content In 

each sample is to be determined by 

Test Method 107 as prescribed in 

8 61.67(gK3). 

(Iv) (Reserved] 

(v) The report to the Administrator 

by the owner or operator Is to Include 

a record of any 24-hour average resin 

vinyl chloride concentration, as determined In this paragraph. In excess of 

the limits prescribed In 8 61.64(e). The 

vinyl chloride content found in each 

sample required by paragraphs 

(cX2XD and (CX2XU) of this section 

shall be averaged separately for each 

type of resin, over each calendar day 

and weighted according to the quantity of each grade of resin processed by 

the strlpperts) that calendar day. according to the following equatlon: 

AT= 

where: 

n 

*** * Gt *****SI 

1=1 

Or Qr 

Pu. M c 

A, 24 hour average concentration of type 

T resin in ppm (dry weight basis) 

47 
§61.70 

Q, -Total production of type T resin over 

the 24-hour period. In kgT-Type of resin. 

MM-Concentration of vinyl chloride in one 

sample of grade Ol realn In ppm. 

pa-Production of grade Ol resin represented by the sample. In kg. 

Ol-Grade ot realn: e.g.. Ol. 02.03 . 

n-Total number of grade* of resin produced during the 24-hour period. 

The number of 24-hour average1 concentrations for each resin type determined during the reporting period 

shall be reported. If no 24-hour average realn vinyl chloride concentrations 

In excess of the limits prescribed In 

861.64(e) are measured, the report 

shall state that no excess resin vinyl 

chloride concentrations were measured. 

(vi) The owner or operator ahall 

retain at the source and make available for Inspection by the Administrator for a minimum of 3 years records 

of all data needed to furnish the Information required by paragraph (cX2Xv) 

of this section. The records are to contain the following Information: 

(A) The vinyl chloride content found 

In all the samples required In paragraphs (CX2XI) and (CX2XI1) of this 

section. Identified by the resin type 

and grade and the time and date of 

the sample, and 

(B) The corresponding quantity of 

polyvinyl chloride resin processed by 

the strlpperts). identified by the resin 

type and grade and the time and date 

It represents. 

(3) The owner or operator shall Include In the report a record of any 

emiasions from each reactor opening 

in excess of the emission limits prescribed In 8 61.64(aX2). Emissions are 

to be determined in accordance with 

8 61.67(gX5), except that emissions for 

each reactor are to be determined. The 

number of reactor openings during the 

reporting period shall be reported. If 

emissions In excess of the emission 

limits are not detected, the report 

40 CFI Ch. I (7-1-91 Edition) 

shall Include a statement that excess 

emissions have not been detected. 

(4) In polyvinyl chloride plants for 

which stripping in the reactor Is used 

to attain the emission level prescribed 

In 8 61.64(f). the owner or operator 

shall Include In the report a record of 

the vinyl chloride emissions from reactor opening loss and all sources following the reactor used as a stripper. 

(I) One representative sample of polyvinyl chloride resin Is to be taken 

from each batch of each grade of resin 

immediately following the completion 

of the stripping operation, and Identified by resin type and grade and the 

date and time the batch Is completed. 

The corresponding quantity of material processed In each stripper batch is 

to be recorded and Identified by resin 

type and grade and the date and time 

the hatch Is completed. 

(II) The vinyl chloride content In 

each sample Is to be determined by 

Test Method 107 as prescribed in 

8 61.67(gX3). 

(III) The combined emissions from 

reactor opening loss and all sources 

following the reactor used as a stripper are to be determined for each 

batch stripped in a reactor according 

to the procedure prescribed in 

8 61.67(gX6). 

(Iv) The report to the Administrator 

by the owner or operator Is to Include 

a record of any 24-hour average combined reactor opening loss and emissions from all sources following the reactor used as a stripper as determined 

In this paragraph. In excess of the 

limits prescribed In 8 61.64(f). The 

combined reactor opening loss and 

emissions from all sources following 

the reactor used as a stripper associated with each batch are to be averaged 

separately for each type of resin, over 

each calendar day and weighted according to the quantity of each grade 

of realn stripped In reactors that calendar day as follows: 

For each type of resin (suspension, 

dispersion, latex, bulk, other), the following calculation ls to be performed: 

n 

2 Poit^oi 

1=1 

At= 

PQICGI + PQICOI + . . . + Po»Crj 

48 

environmental Protection Agency 

Or 

§ 61.91 

QT 

•here: 

A, =24-hour average combined leactor 

opening loss and emissions (rom all 

sources following the reactor used as a 

stripper. In g vinyl chloride/kg product 

(dry weight basis). 

Q,=Total production of resin In batches for 

which stripping Is completed during the 

24-hour period, in kg. 

T=Type of resin. 

Cm-Average combined reactor opening loss 

and emissions from all sources following 

the reactor used aa a stripper of all 

batches of grade O, resin for which 

stripping Is completed during the 24-

hour period. In g vinyl chloride/kg product (dry weight basis) (determined according to procedure prescribed In 

161.67(gX6)). 

pa=Production of grade O, resin In the 

batches for which C Is determined. In 

kg. 

0,-Orade of realn e.g.. Q,. Oi. and 0». 

n-Total number of grades of resin tn 

batches for which stripping la completed 

during the 24-hour period. 

The number of 24-hour average 

emissions determined during the reporting period shall be reported. If no 

24-hour average combined reactor 

opening loss and emissions from all 

sources following the reactor used a 

stripper In excess of the limits prescribed In 8 61.64(f) are determined, 

the report shall state that no excess 

vinyl chloride emissions were determined. 

(41 PR 46864. Oct. 21. 1976 as amended at 

42 PR 28007. June 7. 1977; 80 PR 46298. 

Nov. 7. 1888; 61 PR 34914. Sept. 30. 1988: 63 

PR 36972. Sept. 23. 1988; 63 PR 46976. Nov. 

21.1999) 

161.71 Recordkeeping. 

(a) The owner or operator of any 

source to which this subpart applies 

shall retain the following Information 

at the source and make It available for 

Inspection to the Administrator for a 

minimum of 3 years: 

( D A record of the leaks detected by 

the vinyl chloride monitoring system. 

as required by 8 61.65(b)(8), Including 

the concentrations of vinyl chloride 

measured, analyzed, and recorded by 

the vinyl chloride detector, the location of each measurement and the 

date and approximate time of each 

measurement. 

(2) A record of the leaks detected 

during routine monitoring with the 

portable hydrocarbon detector and the 

action taken to repair the leaks, as required by 8 61.65(bX8). Including a 

brief statement explaining the location and cause of each leak detected 

with the portable hydrocarbon detector, the date and time of the leak, and 

any action taken to eliminate that 

leak. 

(3) A record of emissions measured 

in accordance with 8 61.68. 

(4) A daily operating record for each 

polyvinyl chloride reactor. Including 

pressures and temperatures. 

(41 PR 46694. Oct. 21. 1976. aa amended at 

42 PR 29007. June 7. 1977; 61 PR 34914. 

Sept. 30. 1886) 

Subpart O—(teservedl 

Subpart M Motional Emission 

ards for Emissions off 

dido* Other Than 

Deportment off Energy Fatsmloo 

Souacc 64 PR 61686. Dec. 15. 1989. 

otherwise noted. 

661.90 Designation of facilities. 

The provisions of this subpart apply 

to operations at any facility owned or 

operated by the Department of 

Energy that emits any radionuclide 

other than radon-222 and radon-220 

into the air, except that this subpart 

does not apply to disposal at facilities 

subject to 40 CFR part 191. subpart B 

or 40 CFR part 192. 

8 61.91 Definitions. 

As used in this subpart, all terms not 

defined here have the meaning given 

them In the Clean Air Act or 40 CFR 

part 61. subpart A. The following 

terms shall have the following specific 

meanings: 

(a) Effective dose equivalent meant 

the sum of the products of absorbed 

dose and appropriate factors to account for differences In biological dt49