# Patent

## Title
Shovel

## Abstract

A shovel includes a turning drive unit. The turning drive unit includes a turning electric motor, a turning speed reducer configured to transmit the rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to a turnable body, a brake unit configured to maintain the turnable body in a state where the turning of the turnable body is stopped, a case forming a space in which the turning speed reducer and the brake unit are lubricated with lubricant oil and accommodated, a collar fixed around an output shaft of the turning speed reducer so as to rotate with the output shaft and covering at least a part of a relief part formed at a time of forming splines on the output shaft, and a sealing member provided between the collar and the case and hermetically sealing the lubricant oil inside the space.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-074944, filed on Mar. 29, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to shovels including a turning speed reducer.
2. Description of Related Art
A related-art shovel is known that includes a turning mechanism including a turning electric motor, a first turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the turning electric motor, a second turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer, a third turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the second turning speed reducer, and a swing circle connected to the output shaft of the third turning speed reducer.
SUMMARY
According to an aspect of the present invention, a shovel includes a turning drive unit. The turning drive unit includes a turning electric motor, a turning speed reducer configured to transmit the rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to a turnable body, a brake unit configured to maintain the turnable body in a state where the turning of the turnable body is stopped, a case forming a space in which the turning speed reducer and the brake unit are lubricated with lubricant oil and accommodated, a collar fixed around an output shaft of the turning speed reducer so as to rotate with the output shaft and covering at least a part of a relief part formed at a time of forming splines on the output shaft, and a sealing member provided between the collar and the case and hermetically sealing the lubricant oil inside the space.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and not restrictive of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a shovel in which a turning drive unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is incorporated;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of the shovel illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a turning drive unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the turning drive unit of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the turning drive unit, taken along the line V-V of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the turning drive unit, taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 4, illustrating a state of the turning drive unit at the time when an output shaft of a turning electric motor is stationary;
FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are detail views of a planetary carrier of a first turning speed reducer;
FIG. 8 is a front view of an eyebolt used for disassembling and reassembling the planetary carrier;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a region IX enclosed by a broken line in FIG. 6;
FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are cross-sectional views of part of a second gear case;
FIG. 11 illustrates cross-sectional views illustrating the positional relationship between the planetary carrier and the second gear case;
FIG. 12 illustrates cross-sectional views illustrating the positional relationship between the planetary carrier and the second gear case;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between an output shaft part and the second gear case; and
FIG. 14 is another cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between the output shaft part and the second gear case.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As mentioned above, a related-art shovel includes a turning mechanism including a turning electric motor, a first turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the turning electric motor, a second turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer, a third turning speed reducer connected to the output shaft of the second turning speed reducer, and a swing circle connected to the output shaft of the third turning speed reducer.
According to the related-art shovel, however, a shaft of an electric motor alone is provided with an oil seal and an output shaft of a turning speed reducer is not provided with an oil seal.
According to an aspect of the invention, a shovel includes a configuration that makes it possible to support an output shaft of a turning speed reducer in a liquid-tight manner.
First, a description is given of an overall configuration and a drive system configuration of a shovel in which a turning drive unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is incorporated. FIG. 1 is a side view of a shovel in which a turning drive unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is incorporated. The shovel is an example of a construction machine, and a turning drive unit according to an embodiment of the present invention may be incorporated into a construction machine that includes a mechanism for turning a turning body.
Referring to FIG. 1, an upper-part turning body 3 (an upper-part turnable body) is mounted through a turning mechanism 2 on a lower-part traveling body 1 (a lower-part movable body) of the shovel. A boom 4 is attached to the upper-part turning body 3. An arm 5 is attached to an end of the boom 4. A bucket 6 is attached to an end of the arm 5. The boom 4, the arm 5, and the bucket 6 are hydraulically driven by a boom cylinder 7, an arm cylinder 8, and a bucket cylinder 9, respectively. Furthermore, a cabin 10 and power sources such as an engine are mounted on the upper-part turning body 3.
The shovel illustrated in FIG. 1 includes an electrical energy storage unit that stores electric power to be supplied to the turning drive unit. Embodiments of the present invention, however, may be applied to any shovel, even to, for example, an electrically driven shovel supplied with charging electric power from an external power supply, as long as the shovel adopts electric turning.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a drive system of the shovel illustrated in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2, a mechanical power system, a high-pressure hydraulic line, a pilot line, and an electric drive and control system are indicated by a double line, a bold solid line, a broken line, and a fine solid line, respectively.
An engine 11 as a mechanical drive part and a motor generator 12 as an assist drive part are connected to a first input shaft and a second input shaft, respectively, of a transmission 13. A main pump 14 and a pilot pump 15 are connected to the output shaft of the transmission 13 as hydraulic pumps. A control valve 17 is connected to the main pump 14 via a high-pressure hydraulic line 16. Furthermore, an operation apparatus 26 is connected to the pilot pump 15 via a pilot line 25.
The control valve 17 is a control unit that controls a hydraulic system in the hybrid shovel. Hydraulic motors 1A (right) and 1B (left) for the lower-part traveling body 1, the boom cylinder 7, the arm cylinder 8, and the bucket cylinder 9, are connected to the control valve 17 via high-pressure hydraulic lines.
An electrical energy storage system (an electrical energy storage unit) 120 including a capacitor as an electrical energy storage device is connected to the motor generator 12 via an inverter 18. A turning electric motor 21 as an electric work element is connected to the electrical energy storage system 120 via an inverter 20. A resolver 22 and a turning speed reducer 24 are connected to an output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21. A mechanical brake 23 is connected to an output shaft 24A of the turning speed reducer 24. The turning electric motor 21, the resolver 22, the mechanical brake 23, and the turning speed reducer 24 form a turning drive unit 40 as a load drive system. Here, the turning electric motor 21 corresponds to a turning electric motor for turning the upper-part turning body 3, and the mechanical brake 23 corresponds to a brake unit that mechanically brakes the upper-part turning body 3 in order to maintain the upper-part turning body 3 in a state where turning is stopped.
The operation apparatus 26 includes a lever 26A, a lever 26B, and a pedal 26C. The lever 26A, the lever 26B, and the pedal 26C are connected to the control valve 17 and a pressure sensor 29 via a hydraulic line 27 and a hydraulic line 28, respectively. The pressure sensor 29 is connected to a controller 30 that controls driving of an electric system.
The controller 30 is a control unit serving as a main control part that controls driving of the hybrid shovel. The controller 30 includes a processor including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory.
The controller 30 is a unit that is implemented by the CPU executing a drive control program contained in the internal memory.
The controller 30 converts a signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 into a speed command, and controls driving of the turning electric motor 21. The signal fed from the pressure sensor 29 corresponds to a signal that represents the amount of operation in the case of operating the operation apparatus 26 in order to cause the turning mechanism 2 to turn.
The controller 30 controls the operation (switches the electric motor [assist] operation and the generator operation) of the motor generator 12, and controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor by controlling driving of a step-up/step-down converter of the electrical energy storage system 120. The controller 30 controls the charge and discharge of the capacitor by controlling the switching of the step-up operation and the step-down operation of the step-up/step-down converter of the electrical energy storage system 120 based on the state of charge of the capacitor, the operating state (electric motor [assist] operation or generator operation) of the motor generator 12, and the operating state (power running operation or regenerative operation) of the turning electric motor 21. Furthermore, the controller 30 also controls the amount of charging the capacitor (charging current or charging electric power) as described below.
In the work performed by the shovel of the above-described configuration, the turning electric motor 21 is driven with electric power supplied via the inverter 20 in order to cause the upper-part turning body 3 to turn. The rotational force of the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21 is transmitted to an output shaft 40A of the turning drive unit 40 via the turning speed reducer 24 and the mechanical brake 23.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the turning drive unit 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the turning drive unit 40 includes the turning electric motor 21, which is an electric motor serving as a drive source. The turning speed reducer 24 is connected to the output shaft side of the turning electric motor 21.
Specifically, the turning speed reducer 24 includes the three-stage configuration of a first turning speed reducer 24-1, a second turning speed reducer 24-2, and a third turning speed reducer 24-3. Each of the first turning speed reducer 24-1, the second turning speed reducer 24-2, and the third turning speed reducer 24-3 includes a planetary speed reducer. To be more specific, the first turning speed reducer 24-1 at the first stage is attached to the turning electric motor 21. Furthermore, a disk brake serving as the mechanical brake 23 is provided on a planetary carrier 46 (FIG. 5) that serves as the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1. Furthermore, the second turning speed reducer 24-2 at the second stage is attached to the first turning speed reducer 24-1 with the mechanical brake 23 being interposed between the first turning speed reducer 24-1 and the second turning speed reducer 24-2, and the third turning speed reducer 24-3 at the third stage is attached to the second turning speed reducer 24-2. The output shaft of the third turning speed reducer 24-3 serves as the output shaft 40A of the turning drive unit 40. Although not graphically represented, the output shaft 40A of the turning drive unit 40 is connected to the turning mechanism 2, so that the turning mechanism 2 is driven by the rotational force of the output shaft 40A.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, of a specific configuration of the turning drive unit 40. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the turning drive unit 40. In FIG. 4, broken lines indicate the hidden outlines of components of the first turning speed reducer 24-1. Furthermore, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the turning drive unit 40, taken along the line V-V of FIG. 4.
Furthermore, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of part of the turning drive unit 40 that forms the first turning speed reducer 24-1 and the mechanical brake 23. In this embodiment, a sun gear 42 of a planetary speed reducer forming the first turning speed reducer 24-1 is fixed to the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21. Furthermore, the sun gear 42 is rotatably supported by the planetary carrier 46 via a bearing 51. Furthermore, the sun gear 42 meshes with each of three planetary gears 44. Each of the planetary gears 44 is rotatably supported via a pin 44a on the planetary carrier 46 forming the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1. Each of the planetary gears 44 meshes with an internal gear 48 formed on the interior surface of a first gear case 50.
The first gear case 50, on which the internal gear 48 is formed, is fixed to an end plate 21a of the turning electric motor 21 so as to be prevented from rotating. On the other hand, the planetary carrier 46, which forms the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1, is supported via a bearing 56 so as to be rotatable relative to a second gear case 52 fixed to the first gear case 50.
The above-described first turning speed reducer 24-1 has a structure such that lubricant oil for lubricating gears is hermetically sealed in by the end plate 21a and the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21, the first gear case 50, the second gear case 52, and the planetary carrier 46.
In the first turning speed reducer 24-1 of the above-described configuration, when the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21 rotates to cause the sun gear 42 to rotate, the planetary gears 44 rotate. The planetary gears 44 mesh with the internal gear 48 formed on the interior surface of the first gear case 50. Therefore, a force in a direction to cause the first gear case 50, on which the internal gear 48 is formed, to rotate, is applied by the rotational force of the planetary gears 44. The first gear case 50, however, is fixed to the end plate 21a of the turning electric motor 21 so as to be prevented from rotating. As a result, the planetary carrier 46, which is rotatably supported while supporting the planetary gears 44, rotates. By the gear action as described above, the rotational speed of the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21 is reduced and output from the planetary carrier 46.
Next, a description is given of a structure of a disk brake that forms the mechanical brake 23. The disk brake is formed between the second gear case 52, which is a stationary part, and the planetary carrier 46, which is an output shaft. Brake disks 60 extend outward in a direction of a radius of rotation from the periphery of the planetary carrier 46. The brake disks 60 are connected to the planetary carrier 46 via a connecting structure such as a spline connection so as to be prevented from rotating relative to the planetary carrier 46 but movable in the axial directions of the planetary carrier 46.
A brake plate 62 is placed on each of the upper side and the lower side of each of the brake disks 60. The brake plates 62 are connected to the interior surface of the second gear case 52 via a connecting structure such as a spline connection so as to be prevented from rotating relative to the second gear case 52, which is a stationary part, but movable in the axial directions of the planetary carrier 46. This embodiment adopts a configuration where each of the two brake disks 60 is held between corresponding two of the three brake plates 62. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, a single brake disk 60 may alternatively be held between two brake plates 62 or each of three or more brake disks 60 may alternatively be held between corresponding two of four or more brake plates 62.
A piston 64 is placed on a topmost one of the brake plates 62 so as to be movable in the axial directions of the planetary carrier 46. The piston 64 is pressed against the topmost one of the brake plates 62 by springs 66. According to this embodiment, coil springs are used as the springs 66. Alternatively, it is also possible to use Belleville washers stacked on top of each other in multiple tiers, which may produce high output with a small deflection.
The brake plates 62 and the brake disks 60 are movable in the axial directions of the planetary carrier 46. Therefore, when the topmost one of the brake plates 62 is pressed by the piston 64, each of the brake disks 60 is held and pressed between corresponding upper and lower ones of the brake plates 62. The surfaces of the brake plates 62 and the brake disks 60 are covered with a coating of a high coefficient of friction. Each of the brake disks 60 is held and pressed between corresponding two of the brake plates 62, so that a brake force to prevent the rotations of the brake disks 60 acts on the brake disks 60. Furthermore, the brake disks 60 are connected to the planetary carrier 46 in a non-rotatable manner. Therefore, the brake force that acts on the brake disks 60 serves as a brake force applied to the planetary carrier 46.
A hydraulic space 68 into which hydraulic fluid is suppliable is formed between the piston 64 and the second gear case 52. A brake release port 69 is connected to the hydraulic space 68. Furthermore, sealing members 91 such as O-rings are placed between the piston 64 and the second gear case 52 so as to seal the hydraulic space 68 to prevent a leakage of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic space 68. When a hydraulic pressure is supplied from the pilot pump 15 to the hydraulic space 68 via the operation apparatus 26, a hydraulic line 27a (FIG. 2), and the brake release port 69, the piston 64 is pressed upward by the hydraulic pressure, so that a force to press the brake plates 62 is lost. As a result, the brake is released.
According to this embodiment, in the first turning speed reducer 24-1 of the above-described configuration, an annular recess is formed on an upper surface of the first gear case 50, and multiple through holes are formed at the bottom of the annular recess. The springs 66 are inserted in the corresponding through holes. Respective lower ends of the springs 66 project from the corresponding through holes of the first gear case 50 to be in contact with the bottom surfaces of corresponding holes formed in the piston 64. A spring holding member 90 is fitted in the annular recess of the first gear case 50. The spring holding member 90 is fastened and fixed to the first gear case 50 by multiple bolts 92.
Before the spring holding member 90 is fixed to the first gear case 50 in the annular recess, respective upper ends of the springs 66 are projecting upward from the bottom surface of the annular recess. Accordingly, at the time of fixing the spring holding member 90 to the first gear case 50 in the annular recess, the springs 66 are pressed and compressed by the spring holding member 90. With the spring holding member 90 being fixed to the first gear case 50 in the annular recess, the springs 66 are held and compressed between the spring holding member 90 and the piston 64. The resilience (spring force) of each of the springs 66 at this point serves as a force to press the piston 64 (that is, the brake plates 62) against the brake disks 60, and becomes a brake force applied to the planetary carrier 46.
With the spring holding member 90 being fixed to the first gear case 50 in the annular recess, the entire spring holding member 90 is accommodated inside the annular recess. Therefore, the spring holding member 90 is prevented from projecting from a matching surface of the first gear case 50 which surface comes into contact with the end plate 21a (which may also be called “flange”) of the turning electric motor 21. Accordingly, the matching surface of the first gear case 50 alone comes into contact with the end plate 21a of the turning electric motor 21. On an upper surface of the spring holding member 90, however, a sealing member 93 such as an O-ring is placed to provide sealing to prevent lubricant oil that lubricates and cools the planetary gears 44 inside the first gear case 50 from leaking out. Furthermore, a sealing member 94 such as an O-ring is placed on a lower surface of the spring holding member 90 to provide sealing to prevent lubricant oil filling in a part where the springs 66 are accommodated from leaking out. Likewise, a sealing member 95 such as an O-ring is placed between the first gear case 50 and the second gear case 52 to provide sealing to prevent lubricant oil filling in the part where the springs 66 are accommodated from leaking out.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 6, of transmission of a rotational driving force in the turning drive unit 40. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the turning drive unit 40, taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 4, illustrating a state of the turning drive unit 40 at the time when the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21 is stationary.
Referring to FIG. 6, the first turning speed reducer 24-1 includes a planetary gear mechanism including the sun gear 42, the planetary gears 44, the planetary carrier 46, and the internal gear 48. The second turning speed reducer 24-2 includes a planetary gear mechanism including a sun gear 82, planetary gears 84, a planetary carrier 86, and an internal gear 88. Likewise, the third turning speed reducer 24-3 includes a planetary gear mechanism including a sun gear 102, planetary gears 104, a planetary carrier 106, and an internal gear 108.
In the first turning speed reducer 24-1, the sun gear 42 is fixed to the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21 and meshes with the planetary gears 44. The planetary gears 44 revolve around the sun gear 42 between the sun gear 42 and the internal gear 48, formed on the interior wall surface of the first gear case 50, while rotating. According to this embodiment, the first turning speed reducer 24-1 includes the three planetary gears 44. Each of the three planetary gears 44 causes the planetary carrier 46 to rotate by revolving around the sun gear 42 while rotating. The planetary carrier 46 forms the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1.
In the second turning speed reducer 24-2, the sun gear 82 is fixed to the planetary carrier 46 serving as the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1, and meshes with the planetary gears 84. The planetary gears 84 revolve around the sun gear 82 between the sun gear 82 and the internal gear 88, formed on the interior wall surface of a third gear case 54, while rotating. According to this embodiment, the second turning speed reducer 24-2 includes the three planetary gears 84. Each of the three planetary gears 84 is rotatably supported on the planetary carrier 86 through a corresponding one of pins 84a, and causes the planetary carrier 86 to rotate by revolving around the sun gear 82 while rotating. The planetary carrier 86 forms the output shaft of the second turning speed reducer 24-2.
In the third turning speed reducer 24-3, the sun gear 102 is fixed to the planetary carrier 86 serving as the output shaft of the second turning speed reducer 24-2, and meshes with the planetary gears 104. The planetary gears 104 revolve around the sun gear 102 between the sun gear 102 and the internal gear 108, formed on the interior wall surface of the third gear case 54, while rotating. According to this embodiment, the third turning speed reducer 24-3 includes the three planetary gears 104. Each of the three planetary gears 104 is rotatably supported on the planetary carrier 106 through a corresponding one of pins 104a, and causes the planetary carrier 106 to rotate by revolving around the sun gear 102 while rotating. The planetary carrier 106 forms the output shaft 40A of the turning speed reducer 24.
By the above-described configuration, the turning drive unit 40 reduces the rotational speed of the output shaft 21a of the turning electric motor 21 and increases the torque of the output shaft 40A.
Specifically, the turning drive unit 40 causes the planetary carrier 46 to rotate clockwise by causing the planetary gears 44, in accordance with the high-speed, low-torque clockwise rotation of the output shaft 21b, to revolve clockwise around the sun gear 42 while rotating counterclockwise. Then, the turning drive unit 40 causes the planetary carrier 86 to rotate clockwise by causing the planetary gears 84, in accordance with the clockwise rotation of the planetary carrier 46, to revolve clockwise around the sun gear 82 while rotating counterclockwise. Furthermore, the turning drive unit 40 causes the planetary carrier 106, that is, the output shaft 40A, to rotate clockwise at low speed with high torque by causing the planetary gears 104, in accordance with the clockwise rotation of the planetary carrier 86, to revolve clockwise around the sun gear 102 while rotating counterclockwise. In the case where the output shaft 21b rotates counterclockwise, the turning drive unit 40 operates in the same manner except that each gear rotates in the reverse direction.
Furthermore, the turning drive unit 40 includes a space SP1 hermetically sealed by the output shaft 21b, the end plate 21a, the first gear case 50, the second gear case 52, and the planetary carrier 46. An oil seal (not graphically represented) is attached to the output shaft 21b. Furthermore, two oil seals 57 are attached to the planetary carrier 46 below the bearing 56. The space SP1 accommodates the sun gear 42, the planetary gears 44, the planetary carrier 46, the brake disks 60, the brake plates 62, and the piston 64, which are lubricated by lubricant oil LB1, which is indicated by a fine dot pattern in FIG. 6.
Furthermore, the turning drive unit 40 includes a space SP2 hermetically sealed by the planetary carrier 46, the second gear case 52, the third gear case 54, and the planetary carrier 106. An oil seal (not graphically represented) is attached to the planetary carrier 106. The space SP2 accommodates the sun gears 82 and 102, the planetary gears 84 and 104, and the planetary carriers 86 and 106, which are lubricated by lubricant oil LB2, which is indicated by a coarse dot pattern in FIG. 6. The lubricant LB2 is separated from the lubricant oil LB1 by the oil seals 57. Furthermore, the lubricant oil LB2 may be of either the same kind as or a different kind from the lubricant oil LB1. For example, in the turning drive unit 40, the lubricant oil LB1 for high-speed rotation may be different in kind from the lubricant oil LB2 for low-speed rotation.
Next, a description is given in detail, with reference to FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C, of the planetary carrier 46, which serves as the output shaft of the first turning speed reducer 24-1. FIGS. 7A through 7C are detail views of the planetary carrier 46. FIGS. 7A and 7B are a front view and a plan view, respectively, of the planetary carrier 46. FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of the planetary carrier 46, where a plane perpendicular to the plane of paper of FIG. 7B, indicated by a dot-dash line, is viewed in a direction indicated by arrows X.
As illustrated in FIGS. 7A through 7C, the planetary carrier 46 includes an output shaft part 46a, which forms an output shaft, and a carrier part 46b, by which three planetary gears 44-1, 44-2, and 44-3 are rotatably held.
The output shaft part 46a includes a radially extended disk portion 46a1 and an axially elongated columnar portion 46a2.
At an outer radial end of the disk portion 46a1, the disk portion 46a1 includes a disk holding portion 46a1p that holds the brake disks 60. According to this embodiment, the disk holding portion 46a1p holds the two brake disks 60, and is thicker than other parts of the disk portion 46a1 positioned radially inside the disk holding portion 46a1p. This configuration makes it possible to increase the stiffness of the disk holding portion 46a1p against a force received from the brake disks 60 at the time of braking, compared with the case where the disk holding portion 46a1p have the same thickness (length in an axial direction) as other parts of the disk portion 46a1. Furthermore, this also makes it possible to increase the number of brake disks attached to the disk holding portion 46a1p. 
The carrier part 46b is a member detachable from and reattachable to the output shaft part 46b. According to this embodiment, the carrier part 46b is a columnar member that accommodates the sun gear 42, fixed to the output shaft 21b of the turning electric motor 21, and the three planetary gears 44-1, 44-2 and 44-3. Furthermore, the carrier part 46b is fastened to the output shaft part 46a using three bolts 46c-1, 46c-2 and 46c-3 (hereinafter also collectively referred to as “bolts 46c”), which are fastening members. Furthermore, the planetary gears 44-1, 44-2 and 44-3 (hereinafter also collectively referred to as “planetary gears 44”) are rotatably supported by the carrier part 46b using three pins 44a-1, 44a-2 and 44a-3 (hereinafter also collectively referred to as “pins 44a”).
According to this embodiment, the three bolts 46c are inserted into bolt holes formed in the carrier part 46b at 120-degree intervals around its central axis. The bolts 46c are then screwed into tap holes (not graphically represented) formed on an upper surface of the disk portion 46a1 of the output shaft part 46a to fasten the carrier part 46b to the output shaft part 46a. Furthermore, the three pins 44a are inserted into pin holes formed in the carrier part 46b at 120-degree intervals around its central axis so as to alternate with the three bolts 46c at 60-degree intervals. The pins 44a are then fixed with the corresponding planetary gears 44 being rotatably supported by the pins 44a. 
According to this embodiment, the respective central axes of the three bolts 46c are positioned on the circumference of the same circle whose center coincides with the central axis of the carrier part 46b. Furthermore, the respective central axes of the three pins 44a are positioned on the circumference of the same circle whose center coincides with the central axis of the carrier part 46b. The respective central axes of the three bolts 46c and the respective central axes of the three pins 44a are positioned on the circumference of the same circle whose center coincides with the central axis of the carrier part 46b. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, the respective central axes of the three bolts 46c may alternatively pass through a circle different from a circle through which the respective central axes of the three pins 44a pass.
Furthermore, two tap holes 46d-1 and 46d-2 (hereinafter also collectively referred to as “tap holes 46d”) for preventing the carrier part 46b and the output shaft part 46a from rotating together when fastening or loosening the three bolts 46c serving as fastening members are formed in the carrier part 46b. According to this embodiment, the two tap holes 46d are formed at positions symmetrical about the central axis of the carrier part 46b. 
Here, a description is given, with reference to FIGS. 7A through 7C and FIG. 8, of a method of removing the carrier part 46b from the output shaft part 46a by, for example, a worker.
First, a worker attaches a jig such as an eyebolt as illustrated in FIG. 8 to each of the two tap holes 46d. 
Thereafter, the worker passes a single bar-shaped member through the rings of the eyebolts 80 attached to the two tap holes 46d. The bar-shaped member is, for example, a rigid member such as a crowbar.
Thereafter, while having the bar-shaped member fixed, the worker loosens the bolts 46c using a tool such as a wrench. The fixation of the bar-shaped member prevents the carrier part 46b from rotating with the output shaft part 46a when loosening the bolts 46c. 
The above description, which relates to the method of removing the carrier part 46b from the output shaft part 46a by a worker, may also be applied to the case of attaching the carrier part 46b to the output shaft part 46a by a worker.
As described above, the output shaft part 46a is a unitary structure of the disk portion 46a1, to which the brake disks 60 are connected, and the columnar portion 46a2, which is connected to the sun gear 82 of the second turning speed reducer 24-2. Therefore, no wear is caused between the disk portion 46a1 and the columnar portion 46a2. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the proof stress of the output shaft part 46a against a braking reaction force generated at the time of braking by a brake unit.
Furthermore, the carrier part 46b is connected to the output shaft part 46a using the bolts 46c serving as fastening members, without employing spline connection or serration connection. Therefore, it is possible to reduce wear at connections.
Furthermore, the output shaft part 46a and the carrier part 46b, which are separate independent members, may be manufactured of different materials. Therefore, the output shaft part 46a, which includes parts that are likely to wear out, may be formed of a material having more resistance to wear than the material of the carrier part 46b. Parts of the output shaft part 46a that are likely to wear out includes a part spline-connected to the sun gear 82 of the second turning speed reducer 24-2 and a part spline-connected to the brake disks 60. On the other hand, the carrier part 46b, which is not required to have high resistance to wear, may be formed of a relatively low-cost material. As a result, this structure of the planetary carrier 46 makes it possible to prevent an increase in manufacturing costs while increasing the wear resistance of parts that are likely to wear out, compared with the case of forming the output shaft part 46a and the carrier part 46b as a unitary structure. Furthermore, the increased wear resistance makes it possible to extend the cycle of replacement of the output shaft part 46a and thus to reduce replacement costs. Furthermore, because the output shaft part 46a and the carrier part 46b are separate independent members, there is no need to time the replacement of the carrier part 46b to coincide with the replacement of the output shaft part 46a, whose cycle of replacement is relatively short. Furthermore, the output shaft part 46a may be replaced by simply separating the output shaft part 46a and the carrier part 46b without removing the planetary gears 44 from the carrier part 46b. Therefore, it is possible to simplify the operation of replacing the output shaft part 46a. 
Furthermore, the tap holes 46d, to which jigs such as the eyebolts 80 are attachable, are provided on an upper surface of the carrier part 46b. Therefore, it is possible to increase the assemblability and disassemblability of the planetary carrier 46. In the above-described embodiment, the two tap holes 46d are formed on the upper surface of the carrier part 46b. Alternatively, three or more tap holes may be formed. In this case, a single bar-shaped member is passed through the rings of the two eyebolts 80 attached to two of the three or more tap holes.
Furthermore, the carrier part 46b is fastened to the output shaft part 46a using the three bolts 46c serving as fastening members. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, the carrier part 46b may alternatively be fastened to the output shaft part 46a using one, two, or four or more fastening members.
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the bolts 46c are inserted into bolt holes that extend through the carrier part 46b in its axial directions and are screwed into tap holes formed on the upper surface of the disk portion 46a1 of the output shaft part 46a. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, the bolts 46c may alternatively be inserted into bolt holes extending through the disk portion 46a1 in its axial directions and be screwed into tap holes formed on a lower surface of the carrier part 46b. In this case, the tap holes 46d, which are formed on the upper surface of the carrier part 46b, may be formed on a lower surface of the disk portion 46a1.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 9, of the discharge of lubricant oil in the turning drive unit 40. FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a region IX enclosed by a broken line in FIG. 6.
Referring to FIG. 9, the second gear case 52 includes a recess 52r in a part that forms a bottom surface of the space SP1 in which the lubricant oil LB1 is present. In a plan view, the recess 52r forms an annular groove. In this embodiment, the recess 52r is formed vertically below the disk holding portion 46a1p, which is at the outer radial end of the disk portion 46a1 of the output shaft part 46a of the planetary carrier 46. Furthermore, the recess 52r has such a depth and a width (radial length) as to be able to receive a lower end of the disk holding portion 46a1p, projecting vertically downward relative to other parts of the disk portion 46a1. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, the recess 52r may have a width smaller than the width of the disk holding portion 46a1p. In this case, the recess 52r does not receive the lower end of the disk holding portion 46a1p. Furthermore, the recess may alternatively be formed at a position closer to or more distant from the axis of rotation of the planetary carrier 46 instead of being formed immediately below the disk holding portion 46a1p. Furthermore, the second gear case 52 may include the recess 52r irrespective of whether the disk holding portion 46a1p is projecting vertically downward or not.
Furthermore, the second gear case 52 includes a discharge passage 52b that is open on an interior bottom surface or an interior wall surface of the recess 52r. In this embodiment, the discharge passage 52b connects the space SP1 and a space outside the second gear case 52 while sloping downward from the interior bottom surface of the recess 52 to an exterior surface of the second gear case 52. A plug is attached to an exterior surface-side end of the discharge passage 52b so as to allow the lubricant oil LB1 inside the SP1 to be discharged as required.
FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are cross-sectional views of part of the second gear case 52, illustrating other configurations of the recess 52r. Referring to FIG. 10A, a recess 52r-1 includes an interior bottom surface that slopes downward toward its widthwise (radial) center. Furthermore, a discharge passage 52b-1 is open at the center of the interior bottom surface of the recess 52r-1. Referring to FIG. 10B, a recess 52r-2 includes an interior bottom surface that slopes downward toward its widthwise (radial) outer side. Furthermore, a discharge passage 52b-2 is open at the interior bottom surface of the recess 52r-2 on its widthwise (radial) outer side. Referring to FIG. 10C, a recess 52r-3 includes an interior bottom surface that slopes downward toward its widthwise (radial) inner side. Furthermore, a discharge passage 52b-3 is open at the interior bottom surface of the recess 52r-3 on its widthwise (radial) inner side.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 11, of effects produced by the recess 52r. FIG. 11 illustrates cross-sectional views illustrating the positional relationship between the planetary carrier 46 and the second gear case 52. In FIG. 11, a configuration without the recess 52r and a configuration with the recess 52r are juxtaposed on the left side and the right side, respectively. Specifically, the cross-sectional views of FIG. 11 illustrate the positional relationship among the output shaft part 46a of the planetary carrier 46, the second gear case 52, the bearing 56, the oil seals 57, the brake disks 60, and the brake plates 62.
Referring to the left-side configuration of FIG. 11, the output shaft part 46a includes the disk portion 46a1 including the disk portion 46a1 whose disk holding portion 46a1p has a thickness D1 that is the same as the thickness of other parts of the disk portion 46a1. Furthermore, the second gear case 52 includes a bottom plate part 52a of a thickness D2. The bottom plate part 52a forms a bottom surface of the space SP1 and includes a support portion 52ap at its inner radial end. The support portion 52ap supports the bearing 56 and the oil seals 57. Furthermore, a clearance of a thickness D3 is formed between a lower surface of the disk portion 46a1 (the disk holding portion 46a1p) and an upper surface of the bottom plate part 52a. 
On the other hand, referring to the right-side configuration of FIG. 11, the second gear case 52 includes the recess 52r depressed downward in the bottom plate part 52a. This allows the disk holding portion 46a1p to project downward relative to other parts of the disk portion 46a1, thereby increasing the thickness of the disk holding portion from the thickness D1 to a thickness D1E. As a result, a recess 46a1r depressed upward is formed in the disk portion 46a1 of the output shaft part 46a. 
As the comparison of the left-side configuration and the right-side configuration of FIG. 11 illustrates, forming the recess 52r on the upper surface of the bottom plate part 52a allows the first turning speed reducer 24-1 to increase the thickness of the disk holding portion 46a1p by a distance D4. As a result, it is possible for the first turning speed reducer 24-1 to increase the stiffness of the disk holding portion 46a1p and to increase the proof stress of the output shaft part 46a against a braking reaction force generated at the time of braking by a brake unit. Furthermore, it is possible for the first turning speed reducer 24-1 to increase the number of brake disks 60 attached to the disk holding portion 46a1p. This makes it possible to increase the holding torque of a brake unit. Accordingly, it is possible to more stably maintain the upper-part turning body 3 in a state where turning is stopped.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 12, of effects produced by the recess 46a1r and the recess 52r. Like FIG. 11, FIG. 12 illustrates cross-sectional views illustrating the positional relationship between the planetary carrier 46 and the second gear case 52. In FIG. 12, a configuration without the recess 52r and a configuration with the recess 52r are juxtaposed on the left side and the right side, respectively.
Referring to the left-side configuration of FIG. 12, the output shaft part 46a includes the disk portion 46a1 including the disk portion 46a1 whose disk holding portion 46a1p has a thickness D1′ that is the same as the thickness of other parts of the disk portion 46a1. Furthermore, the second gear case 52 includes the bottom plate part 52a of the thickness D2. Furthermore, a clearance of the thickness D3 is formed between the lower surface of the disk portion 46a1 (the disk holding portion 46a1p) and the upper surface of the bottom plate part 52a. 
On the other hand, referring to the right-side configuration of FIG. 12, the output shaft part 46a includes the recess 46a1r depressed upward in the disk portion 46a1, so that the thickness D1′ of the disk portion 46a1 is reduced to a thickness D1C where the recess 46a1r is formed. As a result, the disk holding portion 46a1p is projecting downward relative to other parts of the disk portion 46a1. Furthermore, referring to the right-side configuration of FIG. 12, the second gear case 52 includes the recess 52r depressed downward in the bottom plate part 52a, so that the thickness D2 of the bottom plate part 52a is reduced to a thickness D2C where the recess 52r is formed. As a result, the support portion 52ap is projecting upward relative to other parts of the bottom plate part 52a. 
As the comparison of the left-side configuration and the right-side configuration of FIG. 12 illustrates, forming the recess 46a1r on the lower surface of the disk portion 46a1 and forming the recess 52r on the upper surface of the bottom plate part 52a make it possible for the first turning speed reducer 24-1 to reduce its vertical length by a distance D5. In this case, the first turning speed reducer 24-1 reduces the thickness of neither the disk holding portion 46a1p or the support portion 52ap. Thus, it is possible for the first turning speed reducer 24-1 to reduce its vertical length while maintaining the stiffness of the disk holding portion 46a1p and the support portion 52ap. 
According to the above-described configuration, the second gear case 52 includes the recess 52r in a part that forms a bottom surface of the space SP1 and includes the discharge passage 52b that connects the recess 52r and an external space, thus allowing an efficient discharge of the lubricant oil LB1 at the time of replacing the lubricant oil LB1.
Furthermore, it is possible for the second gear case 52 to efficiently discharge wear debris generated in components in the first turning speed reducer 24-1, such as the sun gear 42, the planetary gears 44, the internal gear 48, the brake disks 60 and the brake plates 62, together with the lubricant oil LB1. As a result, it is possible to prevent wear debris from adversely affecting the performance of the turning speed reducer 24.
Furthermore, providing the second gear case 52 with the recess 52r makes it possible for the second gear case 52 to increase the thickness of the disk holding portion 46a1p of the disk portion 46a1 while maintaining the clearance between the second gear case 52 and the disk portion 46a1 of the output shaft part 46a. As a result, it is possible to increase the stiffness of the disk holding portion 46a1p and to increase the proof stress of the output shaft part 46a against a braking reaction force generated at the time of braking by a brake unit.
Furthermore, the recess 52r of the second gear case 52 forms a groove that is annular in a plan view and may slope toward its center, outer side or inner side in a radial direction. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, the recess 52r may slope in a circumferential direction so that the position of the recess 52r is lowest at the opening of the discharge passage 52b. Furthermore, the width (radial length) and the depth (axial length) of the recess 52 may not be uniform in a circumferential direction. Furthermore, the recess 52 does not have to be annular and may be arcuate. In this case, the recess 52r may be formed by providing either one recess or multiple recesses in a circumferential direction.
Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, the single discharge passage 52b is connected to the recess 52r of the second gear case 52. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, multiple discharge passages may be connected to the recess 52r. 
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 13, of a configuration of a shaft support structure that supports the output shaft 46a of the planetary carrier 46 in a liquid-tight manner. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between the output shaft part 46a and the second gear case 52, and corresponds to a region XIII enclosed by a broken line in FIG. 9.
Referring to FIG. 13, the columnar portion 46a2 of the output shaft part 46a includes a base portion 46a2U extending from the disk portion 46a1 and a spline formation portion 46a2L on which splines are formed. Furthermore, the columnar portion 46a2 includes a relief portion 46a2C between the base portion 46a2U and the spline formation portion 46a2L.
The relief portion 46a2C is a tool relief part inevitably formed at the time of forming splines on the spline formation portion 46a2L.
Furthermore, the bearing 56 and the two oil seals 57, which are denoted by reference numerals 57-1 and 57-2 in FIG. 13, are provided between the columnar portion 46a2 and the support portion 52ap of the second gear case 52. In this embodiment, the bearing 56 is provided on a surface of the base portion 46a2U that extends parallel to the axial directions of the columnar portion 46a2. Furthermore, the position of an upper end of the bearing 56 is determined by a positioning portion 52ap1 that projects radially inward from the support portion 52ap. On the other hand, the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 are provided on a surface of a collar 55 that is attached around the relief portion 46a2C. This is because the diameter of the relief portion 46a2C decreases as it goes down vertically in the axial directions so that the hermetic sealing of the lubricant oil LB1 inside the space SP1 by the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 may become unstable without the collar 55.
The collar 55 is attached to the columnar portion 46a2 by shrink fit, expansion fit or interference fit such as press fit, and determines the position of a lower end of the bearing 56.
Furthermore, a snap ring (retaining ring) 58 such as a C-type retaining ring is attached between the collar 55 and the support portion 52ap in the radial directions between the bearing 56 and the oil seal 57-1 in the axial directions in order to prevent an axial movement of the bearing 56 in conjunction with the collar 55.
The above-described configuration makes it possible for the shaft support structure according to this embodiment to stably support the output shaft part 46 of the planetary carrier 46 of the first turning speed reducer 24-1 in a liquid-tight manner by the second gear case 52.
Furthermore, according to the shaft support structure of this embodiment, the collar 55 is attached so as to cover at least part of the relief portion 46a2C, thus eliminating the necessity of avoiding the relief portion 46a2C in attaching the bearing 56 and the oil seals 57-1 and 57-1. This also eliminates the necessity of increasing the axial length of the columnar portion 46a2 for attachment of the bearing 56 and the oil seals 57-1 and 57-1. As a result, it is possible to reduce the axial length of the first turning speed reducer 24-1.
Furthermore, according to the shaft support structure of this embodiment, the recess 46a1r is formed on the lower surface of the disk portion 46a1 and the recess 52r is formed on the upper surface of the bottom plate part 52a, so that the support portion 52ap is moved vertically upward relative to the columnar portion 46a2. Therefore, it is possible to increase a region where the support portion 52ap and the base portion 46a2U face parallel to each other. As a result, it is possible to reduce the axial length of the first turning speed reducer 24-1 while stably supporting the output shaft part 46a in a liquid-tight manner by the second gear case 52.
Furthermore, according to the shaft support structure of this embodiment, the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 are provided vertically below the bearing 56. Therefore, it is possible to ensure that the lubricant oil LB1 is prevented from leaking out from the space SP1 and reaching the space SP2. As a result, it is possible to ensure that the mixing of the lubricant oil LB1 and the lubricant oil LB2 is prevented. Three or more oil seals may be provided below the bearing 56.
Next, a description is given, with reference to FIG. 14, of another configuration of the shaft support structure that supports the output shaft part 46a of the planetary carrier 46 in a liquid-tight manner. Like FIG. 13, FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the positional relationship between the output shaft part 46a and the second gear case 52.
The shaft support structure of FIG. 14 differs from the shaft support structure of FIG. 13, in which the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 are provided vertically below the bearing 56, in that an oil seal 57-3 is provided vertically above the bearing 56.
Furthermore, the shaft support structure of FIG. 14 differs from the shaft support structure of FIG. 13, in which the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 are placed on a surface of the collar 55, in that the bearing 56 is provided on a surface of a collar 55a. 
Specifically, the collar 55a includes a positioning part 55a1 that projects radially outward, and is attached to the columnar portion 46a2 by interference fit. The position of an upper end of the bearing 56 is determined by the positioning part 55a1. The position of a lower end of the bearing 56 is determined by a positioning portion 52ap2 that projects radially inward from the support portion 52ap. 
According to this shaft support structure, the bearing 56 is lubricated using grease instead of the lubricant oil LB1. This is because the lubricant oil LB1 is hermetically sealed by the oil seal 57-3 and is prevented from reaching the bearing 56. Furthermore, this is because the bearing 56 is at the highest position in the space SP2 so that the lubricant oil LB2 is less likely to reach the bearing 56.
Furthermore, according to this shaft support structure, the single oil seal 57-3 is provided vertically above the bearing 56. Alternatively, two or more oil seals may be provided vertically above the bearing 56.
All examples and conditional language provided herein are intended for pedagogical purposes of aiding the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to further the art, and are not to be construed as limitations to such specifically recited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of such examples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority or inferiority of the invention. Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the bearing 56 is provided on a surface of the base portion 46a2U that extends parallel to the axial directions of the columnar portion 46a2, and the two oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 are provided on a surface of the collar 55 that is attached around the relief portion 46a2C. Embodiments of the present invention, however, are not limited to this configuration. For example, all of the bearing 56 and the oil seals 57-1 and 57-2 may be provided on a surface of the collar 55.

## Claims

1. A shovel, comprising:
a turning drive unit,
the turning drive unit including
a turning electric motor;
a turning speed reducer configured to transmit a rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to a turnable body;
a brake unit configured to maintain the turnable body in a state where turning of the turnable body is stopped;
a case forming a space in which the turning speed reducer and the brake unit are lubricated with lubricant oil and accommodated;
a collar fitted around and in contact with a circumferential surface of a first portion of an output shaft of the turning speed reducer so as to rotate with the output shaft, the collar covering said first portion and a second portion of the output shaft, the second portion facing the case across the collar and extending from said first portion so as to gradually decrease in diameter toward an end of the output shaft;
a sealing member provided between the collar and the case, the sealing member hermetically sealing the lubricant oil inside the space;
an additional turning speed reducer configured to transmit the rotational driving force of the turning electric motor to the turnable body, the additional turning speed reducer being connected to a third portion of the output shaft, the third portion having a spline formed thereon and extending from the second portion toward the end of the output shaft; and
an additional case provided separately from said case, the additional case forming an additional space in which the additional turning speed reducer is lubricated and accommodated.

2. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the brake unit includes
a brake disk configured to rotate with the output shaft of the turning speed reducer; and
a brake plate attached to the case and configured to be pressed against the brake disk,

the output shaft includes a radially extending disk portion,
the disk portion includes a disk holding portion at an outer radial end of the disk portion, wherein the brake disk is attached to the disk holding portion, and
the disk holding portion has a thickness greater than a thickness of another part of the disk portion positioned radially inside the disk holding portion.

3. The shovel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sealing member includes a plurality of sealing members in an axial direction of the output shaft.

4. The shovel as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the turning drive unit further includes a bearing provided around the first portion of the output shaft so as to rotatably support the output shaft, and
wherein the collar and the plurality of sealing members are positioned closer to the end of the output shaft than is the bearing in the axial direction of the output shaft.