Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendices: Title Page 

SACRAMENTO REGIONAL 

8-HOUR OZONE ATTAINMENT AND 

REASONABLE FURTHER PROGRESS PLAN 

APPENDICES 

A. EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

B. PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELING 

C. PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES 

D. TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES 

E. WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE ANALYSES 

F. MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS BUDGETS 

G. REASONABLE FURTHER PROGRESS DEMONSTRATIONS 

H. REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROL MEASURES (RACM) ANALYSIS 

I. FEDERAL CLEAN AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A: Emissions Inventory 

Page A-1 

Appendix A: Emissions Inventory 

The 2002, 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2018 emission inventories are presented in various 

formats and details in this appendix.

Appendix A1 contains the on-road motor vehicle ROG and NOx emissions, vehicle 

population and activity Burden data generated using EMFAC2007 and February 2008 

SACOG transportation activity data. It does not include CARB adjustments for recently 

adopted controls through December 31, 2006, and recently identified previously 

uninventoried categories. 

Appendix A2 (available separately in electronic file format) contains the estimated 

VOC and NOx forecast summaries by EIC emission categories for the Sacramento 

Federal Nonattainment Area. It does not include CARB and district adjustments for 

recently adopted controls through December 31, 2006, and recently identified previously 

uninventoried categories. 

Appendix A3 (available separately in electronic file format) contains the stationary 

point and area-wide source VOC and NOx inventories listed by EIC emission categories 

with growth and control factors and associated rules and growth parameters. It is based 

on data from California Emission Forecasting System (CEFS Version 1.06 Sacramento 

NAA (Rf#980) February 28, 2007) and it does not include CARB and district 

adjustments for recently adopted controls through December 31, 2006, and recently 

identified previously uninventoried categories. 

Appendix A4 (available separately in electronic file format) contains the summary of 

offroad equipment emissions, horsepower, population and activity data for the 

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area using data outputs from OFFROAD2007 

model. It does not include CARB and district adjustments for recently adopted controls 

through December 31, 2006, and recently identified previously uninventoried categories. 

Appendix A5 contains recent emission inventory adjustments by the air districts and 

CARB. Unlike the VOC and NOx inventories presented in Chapter 5, Table 5-2 and 

Table 5-3, respectively, the inventories presented in Appendices A1 to A4 do not 

include CARB and district adjustments for recently adopted controls through December 

31, 2006, and recently identified previously uninventoried categories. District inventory 

adjustments for reductions from recent district rules and for emission source additions 

are shown in Table A5-1. CARB inventory adjustments are presented in Table A5-2. 

Appendix A6 contains a summary description and inventory of VOC and NOx emission 

reduction credits (ERCs) listed by the individual air districts. Included are: 1) unused 

ERCs issued for reductions that occurred prior to the 2002 base year, and 2) future 

bankable rice burning ERCs. The VOC and NOx ERC totals were added to the 

emission inventory forecast years in Chapter 5, Table 5-4 and Table 5-5, respectively. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A: Emissions Inventory 

Page A-2 

Appendix A7 contains the calculation of the estimated 2019 VOC and NOx emissions 

by stationary, area-wide, on-road motor vehicles and other mobile sources major source 

categories. It also contains 2018 and 2019 VOC and NOx emissions inventory 

summary from CEFS (Version 1.06). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory 

Page A1-1 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory 

Appendix A1 contains the 2002, 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2018 on-road motor vehicle 

summer planning VOC and NOx inventories, vehicle population, VMT and trips for each 

EMFAC vehicle class category for the Sacramento federal nonattainment area. These 

updated motor vehicle emissions are based on ARB’s EMFAC2007 emission factor 

model and the latest planning assumptions from SACOG’s Metropolitan Transportation 

Plan (MTP2035) with Blueprint. The following emissions tables are Sacramento 

nonattainment area activities emissions summarized using the motor vehicle data from 

the EMFAC Burden output runs for the individual Sacramento nonattainment area 

counties. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2002 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2002 -- All model years in the range 1965 to 2002 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LDA-NCAT LDA-CAT LDA-DSL LDA-TOT LDT1-NCAT LDT1-CAT LDT1-DSL LDT1-TOT LDT2-NCAT LDT2-CAT LDT2-DSL LDT2-TOT MDV-NCAT MDV-CAT MDV-DSL M

Vehicles 30384 744205 5175 779767 18438 166699 20670 205809 8189 296208 2649 307045 4799 120074 826 VMT/1000 476 26070 126 26669 312 6538 809 7660 148 11009 84 11243 114 4806 34 Trips 134335 4729711 30592 4894640 82284 1062558 131546 1276389 38223 1886616 16381 1941227 25192 766784 5264 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 2.63 4.71 0.01 7.37 1.73 1.12 0.07 2.92 0.76 2.61 0.01 3.37 0.83 1.4 0 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.63 4.32 0 4.94 0.38 0.84 0 1.21 0.16 2.03 0 2.21 0.14 0.98 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 3.27 9.03 0.01 12.31 2.12 1.95 0.07 4.13 0.92 4.64 0.01 5.58 0.95 2.39 0 Diurnal 0.55 2.31 0 2.86 0.32 0.43 0 0.74 0.14 0.89 0 1.03 0.01 0.36 0 Hot Soak 0.53 1.9 0 2.43 0.33 0.37 0 0.69 0.16 0.71 0 0.86 0.03 0.28 0 Running 2.7 5.2 0 7.91 1.17 1.17 0 2.35 0.43 2.37 0 2.8 0.05 0.92 0 Resting 0.3 1.09 0 1.41 0.2 0.24 0 0.43 0.08 0.43 0 0.51 0.01 0.19 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 7.38 19.52 0.01 26.89 4.13 4.18 0.07 8.36 1.71 9.02 0.01 10.76 1.11 4.13 0 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 2.4 14.06 0.19 16.63 1.53 3.9 1.25 6.7 0.69 11.86 0.12 12.69 0.96 6.17 0.05 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.2 3.02 0 3.21 0.12 0.62 0 0.75 0.05 2.12 0 2.16 0.06 0.9 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 2.57 17.07 0.19 19.85 1.65 4.52 1.25 7.43 0.75 13.98 0.12 14.85 1.01 7.05 0.05 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2002 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2002 -- All model years in the range 1965 to 2002 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LHDT1-DSL LHDT1-TOT LHDT2-NCAT LHDT2-CAT LHDT2-DSL LHDT2-TOT MHDT-NCAT MHDT-CATMHDT-DSL MHDT-TOTHHDT-NCAT HHDT-CAT HHDT-DSL HHDT-TOTO

Vehicles 545 22123 406 5501 5295 11204 1816 4045 14178 20039 594 940 8935 10468 VMT/1000 19 825 9 210 206 423 16 162 805 981 8 111 1600 1719 Trips 6854 720360 13479 181905 66609 261994 82910 184753 397554 665217 27152 42898 45215 115267 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0 0.64 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.19 0.08 0.14 0.18 0.42 0.12 0.28 2.71 3.1 Idle Exh 0 0.02 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.3 0.3 Start Ex 0 0.78 0.07 0.14 0 0.23 0.77 0.3 0 1.07 0.38 0.14 0 0.52 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0 1.46 0.12 0.25 0.04 0.41 0.84 0.46 0.2 1.5 0.51 0.44 3.01 3.94 Diurnal 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hot Soak 0 0.14 0.01 0.01 0 0.04 0.04 0.01 0 0.07 0.01 0 0 0.01 Running 0 0.92 0.05 0.17 0 0.24 0.34 0.13 0 0.5 0.15 0.02 0 0.19 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0 2.53 0.18 0.46 0.04 0.7 1.25 0.62 0.2 2.07 0.69 0.47 3.01 4.16 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.14 1.91 0.01 0.36 1.63 2.02 0.06 0.69 12.06 12.81 0.2 1.31 38.8 40.3 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.12 0.12 0 0 1.59 1.59 Start Ex 0 1.44 0.01 0.32 0 0.34 0.09 0.62 0 0.71 0.12 0.35 0 0.46 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.14 3.35 0.03 0.7 1.64 2.38 0.16 1.3 12.16 13.63 0.32 1.65 40.38 42.35 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2002 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2002 -- All model years in the range 1965 to 2002 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 OBUS-TOTSBUS-NCATSBUS-CATSBUS-DSL SBUS-TOT UB-NCAT UB-CAT UB-DSL UB-TOT MH-NCAT MH-CAT MH-DSL MH-TOT MCY-NCAT MCY-CAT 

Vehicles 1211 61 269 1052 1385 6 139 281 427 2371 14150 1235 17758 39210 5448 VMT/1000 54 1 10 40 53 1 15 33 49 22 161 15 201 261 53 Trips 45871 246 1078 4214 5536 25 559 1130 1714 238 1415 123 1776 78412 10892 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.1 0 0.22 1.05 0.12 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.08 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.01 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.1 0 0.22 1.25 0.13 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.24 0.09 Hot Soak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.13 0.01 Running 0.03 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.62 0.05 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0.04 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.15 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.06 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.12 0 0.24 2.39 0.32 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.48 0 0.05 0.65 0.71 0 0.08 0.84 0.93 0.09 0.52 0.23 0.84 0.36 0.07 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0.04 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.57 0 0.05 0.68 0.77 0 0.08 0.84 0.94 0.09 0.53 0.23 0.84 0.39 0.08 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

A1: 2011 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary 

Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **

2008/03/17

 2011 -- All model years in the range 1967 to 2011 selected

Summeracramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]

See county detail

 Tons Per Day*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

LDA-NCAT LDA-CAT LDA-DSL LDA-TOT LDT1-NCAT LDT1-CAT LDT1-DSL LDT1-TOT LDT2-NCAT LDT2-CAT LDT2-DSL LDT2-TOT MDV-NCAT MDV-CAT MDV-DSL MD

8247 864379 2514 875140 5448 204634 16550 226634 2942 396298 1331 400571 1701 183086 772 

111 29065 56 29229 82 6996 458 7538 45 13751 32 13828 35 6774 24 

32381 5439763 13868 5486009 21722 1280583 101018 1403326 11761 2494001 7733 2513494 7206 1157025 4768 1

rganic Gas Emissions

0.67 1.46 0 2.16 0.5 0.48 0.02 1.02 0.27 1.01 0 1.29 0.29 0.68 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0.16 2 0 2.14 0.11 0.5 0 0.6 0.05 1.13 0 1.2 0.03 0.67 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

0.84 3.45 0 4.31 0.59 0.98 0.02 1.62 0.31 2.16 0 2.48 0.32 1.35 0 0.16 1.76 0 1.93 0.09 0.47 0 0.57 0.07 0.83 0 0.91 0.01 0.35 0 0.12 1.5 0 1.63 0.09 0.38 0 0.46 0.05 0.69 0 0.73 0.01 0.27 0 0.65 2.65 0 3.28 0.24 1.25 0 1.5 0.12 2.31 0 2.43 0.01 0.93 0 0.09 1.03 0 1.14 0.06 0.3 0 0.36 0.02 0.52 0 0.54 0 0.22 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

1.87 10.37 0 12.26 1.11 3.35 0.02 4.5 0.58 6.49 0 7.09 0.38 3.11 0 

Nitrogen Emissions 

0.55 5.48 0.08 6.1 0.39 1.79 0.71 2.89 0.2 5.32 0.03 5.58 0.26 3.33 0.02 

0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0.04 1.85 0 1.9 0.03 0.47 0 0.49 0.01 1.55 0 1.57 0.01 0.81 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

0.6 7.33 0.08 8 0.42 2.26 0.71 3.37 0.21 6.88 0.03 7.14 0.28 4.15 0.02 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2011 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2011 -- All model years in the range 1967 to 2011 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LHDT1-DSL LHDT1-TOT LHDT2-NCAT LHDT2-CAT LHDT2-DSL LHDT2-TOT MHDT-NCAT MHDT-CATMHDT-DSL MHDT-TOTHHDT-NCAT HHDT-CAT HHDT-DSL HHDT-TOTO

Vehicles 10553 41286 75 7943 7843 15860 684 4926 20046 25656 242 702 13040 13985 VMT/1000 449 1732 1 305 292 598 3 198 1048 1252 2 55 2335 2395 Trips 132728 1148974 2450 262609 98669 363724 31258 224951 562102 818308 11079 32088 65988 109155 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.07 0.28 0 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.02 0.08 0.2 0.29 0.03 0.16 2.62 2.84 Idle Exh 0 0.04 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.27 0.27 Start Ex 0 0.43 0.01 0.12 0 0.13 0.25 0.25 0 0.5 0.13 0.13 0 0.25 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.07 0.78 0.01 0.17 0.07 0.26 0.3 0.32 0.2 0.81 0.17 0.28 2.9 3.36 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hot Soak 0 0.07 0 0.01 0 0.02 0.01 0.01 0 0.02 0.01 0 0 0.01 Running 0 0.78 0.01 0.22 0 0.23 0.12 0.16 0 0.29 0.06 0.02 0 0.09 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.07 1.62 0.03 0.43 0.07 0.52 0.44 0.52 0.2 1.17 0.26 0.31 2.9 3.46 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 2.01 2.74 0 0.2 1.54 1.76 0.01 0.43 8.41 8.89 0.04 0.63 35.46 36.14 Idle Exh 0.02 0.03 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.16 0.16 0 0 2.8 2.8 Start Ex 0 1.74 0 0.43 0 0.43 0.02 0.59 0 0.61 0.04 0.25 0 0.29 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 2.04 4.5 0 0.65 1.58 2.23 0.03 1.01 8.59 9.67 0.08 0.87 38.27 39.23 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2011 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2011 -- All model years in the range 1967 to 2011 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 OBUS-TOTSBUS-NCATSBUS-CATSBUS-DSL SBUS-TOT UB-NCAT UB-CAT UB-DSL UB-TOT MH-NCAT MH-CAT MH-DSL MH-TOT MCY-NCAT MCY-CAT 

Vehicles 1654 27 245 1391 1661 6 252 327 585 599 16234 2282 19115 50066 29987 VMT/1000 74 1 9 53 62 1 27 37 66 5 190 26 221 359 276 Trips 60124 107 978 5561 6645 25 1008 1307 2340 60 1624 229 1911 100120 59968 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0 0.1 1.37 0.58 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.22 0.12 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.09 0 0.02 0.01 0.03 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.06 0 0.1 1.59 0.7 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.07 0.37 Hot Soak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.07 Running 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0.19 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.22 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.1 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.08 0 0.11 1.86 1.56 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.41 0 0.02 0.69 0.73 0 0.07 0.69 0.78 0.01 0.28 0.25 0.57 0.5 0.3 Idle Exh 0.01 0 0 0.07 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.01 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.52 0 0.03 0.74 0.79 0 0.08 0.69 0.78 0.01 0.28 0.25 0.57 0.54 0.3 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2014 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2014 -- All model years in the range 1970 to 2014 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LDA-NCAT LDA-CAT LDA-DSL LDA-TOT LDT1-NCAT LDT1-CAT LDT1-DSL LDT1-TOT LDT2-NCAT LDT2-CAT LDT2-DSL LDT2-TOT MDV-NCAT MDV-CAT MDV-DSL M

Vehicles 3247 925263 1825 930337 2936 224024 13897 240857 1552 423718 1015 426283 1160 195637 682 VMT/1000 42 31251 38 31332 43 7641 355 8041 21 14471 22 14515 23 7061 20 Trips 12518 5805521 9808 5827839 11366 1394359 82713 1488438 6025 2650201 5748 2661971 4724 1227259 4116 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.26 1.1 0 1.37 0.26 0.4 0.01 0.69 0.12 0.83 0 0.96 0.19 0.57 0 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.06 1.51 0 1.56 0.06 0.41 0 0.47 0.02 0.97 0 0.99 0.02 0.59 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.33 2.59 0 2.93 0.31 0.8 0.01 1.17 0.18 1.78 0 1.95 0.22 1.18 0 Diurnal 0.06 1.52 0 1.6 0.06 0.44 0 0.5 0.02 0.82 0 0.85 0 0.33 0 Hot Soak 0.05 1.38 0 1.44 0.04 0.39 0 0.44 0.01 0.72 0 0.73 0 0.28 0 Running 0.22 2.34 0 2.57 0.1 1.25 0 1.33 0.05 2.3 0 2.34 0.01 0.95 0 Resting 0.03 0.92 0 0.98 0.03 0.3 0 0.32 0.01 0.52 0 0.54 0 0.23 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.71 8.78 0 9.49 0.56 3.14 0.01 3.71 0.29 6.12 0 6.41 0.26 2.99 0 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.21 4.24 0.06 4.49 0.19 1.49 0.55 2.22 0.1 4.27 0.02 4.42 0.17 2.75 0.02 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.01 1.44 0 1.45 0.01 0.39 0 0.42 0.01 1.3 0 1.3 0.01 0.74 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.22 5.67 0.06 5.96 0.21 1.87 0.55 2.64 0.1 5.6 0.02 5.74 0.19 3.48 0.02 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2014 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2014 -- All model years in the range 1970 to 2014 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LHDT1-DSL LHDT1-TOT LHDT2-NCAT LHDT2-CAT LHDT2-DSL LHDT2-TOT MHDT-NCAT MHDT-CATMHDT-DSL MHDT-TOTHHDT-NCAT HHDT-CAT HHDT-DSL HHDT-TOTO

Vehicles 10831 43911 32 8711 8102 16846 398 5312 21458 27168 132 630 13349 14108 VMT/1000 433 1765 0 333 298 631 2 217 1105 1325 1 47 2527 2573 Trips 136227 1230105 1079 288000 101923 391004 18179 242532 601705 862416 6043 28759 67544 102346 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.06 0.23 0 0.03 0.06 0.1 0.01 0.05 0.18 0.24 0.02 0.12 2.09 2.24 Idle Exh 0 0.04 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0.24 0.24 Start Ex 0 0.4 0 0.11 0 0.12 0.15 0.23 0 0.36 0.07 0.11 0 0.18 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.06 0.68 0 0.15 0.06 0.21 0.15 0.28 0.19 0.65 0.09 0.22 2.33 2.65 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hot Soak 0 0.07 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.02 0 0 0 0 Running 0 0.76 0 0.21 0 0.22 0.07 0.15 0 0.22 0.03 0.02 0 0.05 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.06 1.52 0.01 0.4 0.06 0.47 0.23 0.46 0.19 0.89 0.12 0.25 2.33 2.72 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 1.68 2.28 0 0.15 1.27 1.43 0.01 0.32 6.43 6.78 0.02 0.48 26.33 26.83 Idle Exh 0.03 0.03 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.18 0.18 0 0 2.97 2.97 Start Ex 0 1.79 0 0.46 0 0.46 0.01 0.53 0 0.54 0.02 0.2 0 0.22 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 1.7 4.1 0 0.63 1.3 1.93 0.02 0.86 6.61 7.49 0.04 0.68 29.34 30.05 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2014 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2014 -- All model years in the range 1970 to 2014 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 OBUS-TOTSBUS-NCATSBUS-CATSBUS-DSL SBUS-TOT UB-NCAT UB-CAT UB-DSL UB-TOT MH-NCAT MH-CAT MH-DSL MH-TOT MCY-NCAT MCY-CAT 

Vehicles 1754 17 248 1493 1756 4 282 330 618 285 17511 2438 20234 44152 41033 VMT/1000 80 0 10 56 66 0 32 38 70 1 207 28 238 307 365 Trips 62503 63 987 5974 7026 17 1128 1323 2469 29 1752 243 2024 88294 82057 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0 0.06 1.16 0.78 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.15 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.06 0 0.02 0.01 0.03 0 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.03 0 0.06 1.36 0.93 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.04 0.44 Hot Soak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.1 Running 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0.21 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.25 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.09 0 0.02 0.01 0.04 0 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0 0.08 1.5 1.93 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.32 0 0.02 0.68 0.71 0 0.08 0.6 0.68 0 0.24 0.23 0.48 0.43 0.39 Idle Exh 0.01 0 0 0.07 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.01 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.43 0 0.02 0.74 0.76 0 0.08 0.6 0.7 0 0.24 0.23 0.48 0.46 0.41 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2017 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2017 -- All model years in the range 1973 to 2017 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LDA-NCAT LDA-CAT LDA-DSL LDA-TOT LDT1-NCAT LDT1-CAT LDT1-DSL LDT1-TOT LDT2-NCAT LDT2-CAT LDT2-DSL LDT2-TOT MDV-NCAT MDV-CAT MDV-DSL M

Vehicles 929 986755 1292 988973 925 243905 11105 255935 534 452426 739 453700 777 208604 580 VMT/1000 11 33143 26 33179 13 8295 262 8572 8 15213 16 15237 15 7391 16 Trips 3514 6173793 6841 6184141 3508 1512287 64343 1580138 2033 2813086 4085 2819195 3033 1299270 3425 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.07 0.87 0 0.94 0.08 0.32 0.01 0.41 0.03 0.7 0 0.73 0.13 0.48 0 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.01 1.14 0 1.15 0.01 0.35 0 0.36 0.01 0.79 0 0.8 0.01 0.51 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.08 1.99 0 2.09 0.1 0.66 0.01 0.77 0.07 1.49 0 1.56 0.14 0.99 0 Diurnal 0.01 1.34 0 1.35 0.01 0.42 0 0.43 0.01 0.81 0 0.82 0 0.35 0 Hot Soak 0.01 1.3 0 1.3 0.01 0.38 0 0.39 0 0.73 0 0.74 0 0.3 0 Running 0.05 2.14 0 2.2 0.02 1.2 0 1.23 0.01 2.26 0 2.28 0 0.97 0 Resting 0.01 0.87 0 0.87 0.01 0.29 0 0.3 0 0.54 0 0.54 0 0.24 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.18 7.61 0 7.81 0.16 2.91 0.01 3.1 0.09 5.82 0 5.91 0.15 2.87 0 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.05 3.37 0.03 3.46 0.06 1.21 0.4 1.68 0.02 3.5 0.01 3.56 0.12 2.29 0.01 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0 1.08 0 1.08 0 0.34 0 0.34 0 1.08 0 1.09 0 0.63 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.07 4.45 0.03 4.54 0.07 1.53 0.4 2.02 0.02 4.6 0.01 4.65 0.12 2.92 0.01 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2017 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2017 -- All model years in the range 1973 to 2017 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LHDT1-DSL LHDT1-TOT LHDT2-NCAT LHDT2-CAT LHDT2-DSL LHDT2-TOT MHDT-NCAT MHDT-CATMHDT-DSL MHDT-TOTHHDT-NCAT HHDT-CAT HHDT-DSL HHDT-TOTO

Vehicles 11080 46664 13 9469 8410 17892 169 5740 22904 28813 59 564 13683 14308 VMT/1000 421 1810 0 359 304 663 1 235 1160 1399 1 41 2697 2739 Trips 139379 1315983 459 313098 105785 419340 7645 262163 642262 912069 2644 25792 69247 97681 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.05 0.2 0 0.01 0.04 0.08 0 0.03 0.16 0.21 0.01 0.08 1.65 1.74 Idle Exh 0 0.04 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.22 0.22 Start Ex 0 0.37 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.06 0.21 0 0.25 0.03 0.08 0 0.12 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.06 0.62 0 0.13 0.05 0.18 0.07 0.25 0.17 0.49 0.04 0.17 1.88 2.08 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hot Soak 0 0.07 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 Running 0 0.8 0 0.19 0 0.19 0.02 0.15 0 0.17 0.01 0.02 0 0.03 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.06 1.49 0 0.36 0.05 0.42 0.1 0.42 0.17 0.69 0.05 0.19 1.88 2.14 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 1.43 1.93 0 0.12 1.06 1.17 0 0.25 4.89 5.12 0.01 0.36 19.48 19.85 Idle Exh 0.03 0.03 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.18 0.18 0 0 3.13 3.13 Start Ex 0 1.88 0 0.47 0 0.47 0 0.47 0 0.48 0.01 0.17 0 0.18 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 1.45 3.83 0 0.61 1.07 1.68 0.01 0.73 5.05 5.78 0.02 0.53 22.62 23.17 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2017 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2017 -- All model years in the range 1973 to 2017 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 OBUS-TOTSBUS-NCATSBUS-CATSBUS-DSL SBUS-TOT UB-NCAT UB-CAT UB-DSL UB-TOT MH-NCAT MH-CAT MH-DSL MH-TOT MCY-NCAT MCY-CAT 

Vehicles 1861 7 250 1593 1851 2 298 349 649 102 18754 2554 21409 40218 50240 VMT/1000 85 0 10 61 69 0 33 39 73 1 224 30 254 280 426 Trips 64911 28 1002 6368 7397 8 1187 1400 2597 10 1875 255 2142 80431 100471 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.04 0 0.03 0 0.03 1.05 0.9 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.18 0.19 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.04 0 0.02 0.01 0.03 0 0.02 0.01 0.05 0 0.03 0 0.03 1.24 1.08 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.47 Hot Soak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.11 Running 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.22 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.26 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.06 0 0.02 0.01 0.04 0 0.02 0.01 0.05 0 0.05 0 0.06 1.3 2.19 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.24 0 0.02 0.67 0.69 0 0.08 0.6 0.68 0 0.18 0.21 0.39 0.41 0.46 Idle Exh 0.01 0 0 0.07 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.02 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.34 0 0.02 0.73 0.75 0 0.09 0.6 0.69 0 0.18 0.21 0.39 0.42 0.48 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2018 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2018 -- All model years in the range 1974 to 2018 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LDA-NCAT LDA-CAT LDA-DSL LDA-TOT LDT1-NCAT LDT1-CAT LDT1-DSL LDT1-TOT LDT2-NCAT LDT2-CAT LDT2-DSL LDT2-TOT MDV-NCAT MDV-CAT MDV-DSL M

Vehicles 421 1007100 1149 1008670 391 250421 10206 261019 288 461991 661 462940 671 212908 541 VMT/1000 5 33728 23 33757 6 8500 237 8743 2 15464 13 15482 12 7507 14 Trips 1598 6295316 6059 6302970 1491 1551087 58555 1611134 1097 2867239 3620 2871954 2589 1323168 3171 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.03 0.8 0 0.85 0.02 0.29 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.65 0 0.68 0.12 0.46 0 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0 1.03 0 1.04 0 0.32 0 0.32 0 0.76 0 0.76 0.01 0.48 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.03 1.85 0 1.88 0.02 0.62 0.01 0.66 0.01 1.38 0 1.45 0.13 0.95 0 Diurnal 0.01 1.27 0 1.28 0 0.42 0 0.42 0 0.81 0 0.81 0 0.36 0 Hot Soak 0 1.22 0 1.23 0 0.37 0 0.38 0 0.71 0 0.74 0 0.3 0 Running 0.01 2.1 0 2.11 0 1.19 0 1.2 0 2.26 0 2.27 0 0.98 0 Resting 0 0.81 0 0.81 0 0.28 0 0.29 0 0.54 0 0.54 0 0.24 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.09 7.27 0 7.35 0.07 2.84 0.01 2.92 0.04 5.72 0 5.78 0.14 2.84 0 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.01 3.13 0.02 3.19 0.01 1.14 0.37 1.53 0.01 3.29 0.01 3.34 0.11 2.16 0.01 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0 0.99 0 0.99 0 0.3 0 0.3 0 1.02 0 1.03 0 0.59 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.01 4.13 0.02 4.2 0.02 1.44 0.37 1.82 0.01 4.31 0.01 4.36 0.11 2.75 0.01 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2018 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2018 -- All model years in the range 1974 to 2018 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 LHDT1-DSL LHDT1-TOT LHDT2-NCAT LHDT2-CAT LHDT2-DSL LHDT2-TOT MHDT-NCAT MHDT-CATMHDT-DSL MHDT-TOTHHDT-NCAT HHDT-CAT HHDT-DSL HHDT-TOTO

Vehicles 11152 47582 5 9745 8494 18245 103 5883 23384 29371 35 542 13811 14386 VMT/1000 419 1830 0 367 306 674 0 242 1181 1424 0 39 2739 2780 Trips 140279 1344898 153 322248 106853 429255 4693 268732 655714 929139 1573 24760 69885 96218 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.05 0.2 0 0.01 0.04 0.07 0 0.03 0.16 0.2 0 0.07 1.54 1.61 Idle Exh 0 0.04 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.22 0.22 Start Ex 0 0.35 0 0.09 0 0.09 0.02 0.2 0 0.23 0.02 0.08 0 0.09 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.05 0.6 0 0.12 0.04 0.17 0.03 0.24 0.16 0.45 0.02 0.16 1.75 1.93 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hot Soak 0 0.07 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 Running 0 0.82 0 0.19 0 0.19 0.01 0.15 0 0.16 0.01 0.02 0 0.02 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.05 1.48 0 0.35 0.04 0.4 0.06 0.4 0.16 0.63 0.03 0.18 1.75 1.97 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 1.34 1.84 0 0.11 0.98 1.09 0 0.22 4.44 4.65 0.01 0.32 17.73 18.04 Idle Exh 0.03 0.03 0 0 0.01 0.01 0 0 0.19 0.19 0 0 3.19 3.19 Start Ex 0 1.89 0 0.48 0 0.48 0 0.45 0 0.46 0 0.16 0 0.17 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 1.37 3.75 0 0.6 1.01 1.6 0 0.68 4.63 5.31 0.01 0.48 20.92 21.41 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A1: On-Road Motor Veh

Appendix A1: 2018 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Inventory - Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area Summary Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 ** WIS Enabled **Run Date : 2008/03/17Scen Year: 2018 -- All model years in the range 1974 to 2018 selectedSeason : SummerArea : Sacramento Nonattainment Area [El Dorado (MC)+ Placer (SV & MC) + Sacramento + S. Sutter + Yolo + Solano (SV)]I/M Stat : See county detailEmissions: Tons Per Day************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

 OBUS-TOTSBUS-NCATSBUS-CATSBUS-DSL SBUS-TOT UB-NCAT UB-CAT UB-DSL UB-TOT MH-NCAT MH-CAT MH-DSL MH-TOT MCY-NCAT MCY-CAT 

Vehicles 1896 4 253 1621 1880 2 303 356 659 59 19156 2590 21804 39320 52888 VMT/1000 87 0 10 61 71 0 33 40 74 0 231 30 260 275 444 Trips 65699 16 1011 6487 7517 8 1206 1421 2636 5 1915 259 2179 78631 105766 Reactive Organic Gas EmissionsRun Exh 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0 0.01 0.01 0.04 0 0.02 0 0.03 1.04 0.94 Idle Exh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0.2 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.04 0 0.02 0.01 0.03 0 0.02 0.01 0.05 0 0.02 0 0.03 1.21 1.14 Diurnal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.5 Hot Soak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 Running 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.22 Resting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total 0.06 0 0.02 0.01 0.04 0 0.03 0.01 0.05 0 0.04 0 0.05 1.26 2.27 Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions Run Exh 0.22 0 0.02 0.66 0.69 0 0.08 0.59 0.67 0 0.16 0.19 0.37 0.4 0.46 Idle Exh 0.01 0 0 0.07 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Start Ex 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.02 

------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 

Total Ex 0.32 0 0.02 0.73 0.75 0 0.09 0.59 0.69 0 0.18 0.19 0.37 0.42 0.5 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A5: Recent Emission Inventory Adjustments 

Page A5-1 

Appendix A5: Recent Emission Inventory Adjustments 

Emission inventory adjustments presented in this appendix include recent changes by 

the air districts and CARB, and are not reflected in Appendices A1 to A4. These 

emission changes are due to: 1) recently adopted control measures through December 

31, 2006, 2) corrections to emission categories, and 3) recent or previously 

uninventoried sources. Tables A5-1 and A5-2 contain a summary of the district and 

CARB emission inventory adjustments, respectively. 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A5: Recent Emissio

Table A5-1. District Emission Inventory Adjustments in Sacramento Nonattainment Are

2002 2011 20

PCAPCD-216,240 Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 2003 2003-2004 -0.445 -0.4PCAPCD-239 Graphic Arts 2004 2005 -0.122 -0.SMAQMD-496 Livestock Waste (Option A) 2006 2008 -0.018 -0.0PCAPCD-243 Polyester Resin/Plastic Product Manufacturing 2003 2003 -0.194 -0.2FRAQMD-3.20 Wood Products Coating 2005 2006 0.000 0.0Correction to SMAQMD Oil&Gas Production Fugitive Emissions -0.304 -0.304 -0.3Correction to SMAQMD EIC 230-240-8300-0000 - Thinning & Cleanup Solvent Unspecified (Gun Cleaning) 0.424 0.318 0.3Added Heritage Dairy (Yolo-Solano) 0.105 0.1Added Cosumnes Power Plant (Sacramento) 0.082 0.0Added Jepson Composting (Yolo-Solano) 4.110 4.110 4.1

Total District Adjustments 4.230 3.533 3.5

2002 2011 20

SMAQMD-411 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 2005 2007-2009 -0.095 -0.0FRAQMD-3.21 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 2006 2007 0.000 0.0PCAPCD-242 IC Engines 2003 2003 -0.033 -0.0Added Cosumnes Power Plant (Sacramento) 0.344 0.3

Total District Adjustments 0.000 0.216 0.2

*These changes, which include recently adopted control measures up to 12/31/06, are included in Chapter 5, Table 5-2  These changes are not included in the detailed inventories contained in Appendix A.

VOC Emission 

NOx Emission C

District Rule/Category/SourceDistrict Rule/Category/Source

Adoption 

Year

Implement 

Year

Adoption 

Year

Implement 

Year
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix A5: Recent Emissio

Table A5-2. CARB Emission Inventory Adjustments in Sacramento Nonattainment Area

2002 2011 2014 2017 2018

Pesticides/Fertilizers Corr. -0.08 -0.66 -0.62 -0.58 -0.57Reflash 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Public Fleet 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01Idling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00AB 1493 (Motor Vehicle Greenhouse Gases) 0.00 -0.03 -0.10 -0.18 -0.21Moyer 0.00 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02Consumer Products 0.00 -0.60 -0.62 -0.64 -0.65Off-road 0.00 -0.04 -0.07 -0.09 -0.09Ships 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Summary -0.08 -1.39 -1.47 -1.54 -1.56

2002 2011 2014 2017 2018

Reflash -0.14 -1.70 -1.11 -0.63 -0.50Public Fleet 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02Idling 0.00 -2.26 -2.42 -2.58 -2.63AB 1493 (Motor Vehicle Greenhouse Gases) 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01Moyer -0.20 -0.26 -0.25 -0.17 -0.12Off-road 0.00 -0.78 -0.78 -0.61 -0.57Ships

0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01

Summar

y -0.34 -5.04 -4.61 -4.04 -3.86

*These changes, which include recently adopted control measures up to 12/31/06, are directly incorporated in Chapter 5, Table 5-2 and Table 5-3. These changes are not included in the detailed inventories contained in Appendix A.

VOC Emission Changes* (TPD)

NOx Emission Changes* (TPD)

CARB Rule/CategoryCARB Rule/Category
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A6: Emission Reduction Credits 

Page A6-1 

Appendix A6: Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs) 

Unused ERCs Issued for Reductions That Occurred Prior to 2002 Base Year 

Certain pollutant emission reductions due to equipment shutdown or voluntary control 

may be converted to emission reduction credits (ERCs) and registered with the air 

districts. These ERCs may then be used as “offsets” to compensate for an increase in 

emissions from a new or modified major emission source regulated by the air districts. 

Unused ERCs are considered as potential future emissions supplemental to the 

forecasted emissions inventory. 

The amounts of unused ERCs from stationary sources that occurred prior to the 2002 

base year are estimated at about 2.6 tons per day of VOC and 1.4 tons per day of NOx 

and are summarized by air district in Table A6-1. They are included in the emissions 

forecasts to ensure the potential future use of these credits does not interfere with 

reasonable further progress and attainment goals. 

Future Bankable Rice Burning Emission Reduction Credits

Emission credits from reduction in burning may not be used to comply with offset 

requirements at a new major stationary source or a major modification, unless they are 

included in an approved attainment demonstration plan.1 Therefore, the impact of 

accounting for ERCs from reduction in rice straw burning and other agricultural burning 

credits are being included in this 8-hour ozone attainment and RFP demonstration plan. 

California legislation in 1991 (known as the Connelly bill) required rice farmers to phase 

down rice field burning on an annual basis, beginning in 1992. A burn cap of 125,000 

acres in the Sacramento Valley Air Basin was established, and growers with 400 acres 

or less were granted the option to burn their entire acreage once every four years. 

Since the rice burning reductions were mandated by state law, they would ordinarily not 

be “surplus” and eligible for banking. However, the Connelly bill included a special 

provision declaring that the reductions qualified for banking if they met the State and 

local banking rules. 

Due to the special consideration in the Connelly bill, potential future rice burning ERCs 

could be issued for previous reductions that are eligible for banking. The amounts of 

future bankable rice burning ERCs for the Sacramento nonattainment area are 

estimated at about 0.9 tons per day of VOC and 1.0 tons per day of NOx and are listed 

by air district in Table A6-2. They are included in the emissions forecasts to ensure the 

potential future use of these credits does not interfere with reasonable further progress 

and attainment goals. 

 

1

 Pursuant to EPA correspondence letter dated October 30, 2003. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A6: Emission Reduction Credits 

Page A6-2 

Table A6-1 

Summary of Unused Banked Emission Reduction Credits In the 

Sacramento Nonattainment Area for 2002 Baseline 

Air Districta Avg. Summer Day

 VOC (tpd) NOx (tpd) 

Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD 2.075 1.141 

Yolo-Solano AQMD 0.082 0.137 

Placer County APCD 0.394 0.045 

Feather River AQMD (South Sutter) 0 0 

Total Unused Banked ERCs 2.551 1.323 

a

There are no ERCs for El Dorado County AQMD. 

Table A6-2 

Summary of Future Bankable Rice Burning Emission Reduction Credits 

In the Sacramento Nonattainment Area 

Air Districta Avg. Summer Day

 VOC (tpd) NOx (tpd) 

Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD 0.12 0.13 

Yolo-Solano AQMD 0.32 0.35 

Placer County APCD 0.18 0.20 

Feather River AQMD (South Sutter) 0.29 0.32 

Total Future Rice Burning ERCs 0.91 1.00 

a

There are no future bankable rice burning ERCs for El Dorado County AQMD. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-1

Appendix A7: 2019 VOC and NOx Emissions Inventories 

Appendix A7 contains the calculation for the estimated 2019 VOC and NOx planning 

inventories. The 2019 inventories are forecasted from the 2018 SIP planning 

inventories using scaling factors derived from CEFS (Version 1.06) 2019 and 2018 

inventories. Table A7-1 contains the calculation. Tables A7-2 and A7-3 contain 2018 

and 2019 VOC and NOx planning inventories from CEFS (Version1.06), respectively. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-2

Table A7-1: 2019 VOC and NOx Calculation 

ROG From CEFS 

v1.06 ROG ratio

NOx From CEFS 

v1.06 NOx ratio 

Major Source Category 2018 2019 2019/2018 2018 2019 2019/2018

STATIONARY 21.6 21.9 1.0130 13.7 13.5 0.9827 

AREAWIDE 32.1 32.4 1.0100 3.5 3.6 1.0048 

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 25.2 24.3 0.9646 43.9 40.9 0.9334 

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 34.3 34.2 0.9968 39.1 37.9 0.9701 

 113.2 112.8 0.9965 100.2 95.9 0.9570 

 

2018 From SIP Plan Estimated 2019 

Major Source Category ROG NOx ROG NOx 

STATIONARY 25.0 13.9 25.3 13.7 

AREAWIDE 31.0 3.5 31.3 3.6 

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 27.0 45.2 26.0 42.1 

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 34.2 38.5 34.1 37.3 

 117.1 101.1 116.7 96.7 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-3 

Table A7-2: 2018 and 2019 VOC Inventory from CEFS v1.06 

Ozone SIP Sacramento NAA (v1.06_RF980) 

Reactive Organic Gases Projected Emission Inventory 

SACRAMENTO REGIONAL NON-ATTAINMENT AREA 

REPORT TYPE: GROWN AND CONTROLLED

SEASON: SUMMER 

BASE YEAR: 2002

All emissions are represented in Tons per Day and reflect the most current data provided to ARB 

Download this data as a comma delimited file.

Download more detail data as a comma delimited file. 

STATIONARY SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

FUEL COMBUSTION 

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 0.261 0.261

COGENERATION 0.004 0.004

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION (COMBUSTION) 0.188 0.188

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 0.086 0.087

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 0.686 0.681

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 0.249 0.249

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.056 0.053

* TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION 1.531 1.524

WASTE DISPOSAL 

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.04 0.041

LANDFILLS 0.419 0.425

INCINERATORS 0.006 0.006

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.111 0.112

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0.018 0.018

* TOTAL WASTE DISPOSAL 0.595 0.602

CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS 

LAUNDERING 0.062 0.063

DEGREASING 2.084 2.103

COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 4.158 4.223

PRINTING 1.465 1.487

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0.756 0.751

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0.003 0.003

* TOTAL CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS 8.527 8.63

PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING 

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 1.022 1.022

PETROLEUM MARKETING 5.177 5.269

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING) 0 0

* TOTAL PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING 6.2 6.291

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 

CHEMICAL 2.663 2.711
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-4 

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.75 0.773

MINERAL PROCESSES 0.355 0.358

METAL PROCESSES 0 0

WOOD AND PAPER 0.939 0.952

ELECTRONICS 0.013 0.013

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.003 0.003

* TOTAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 4.723 4.809

** TOTAL STATIONARY SOURCES 21.575 21.857

AREAWIDE SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

SOLVENT EVAPORATION 

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 15.704 15.909

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 8.112 8.228

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 1.869 1.858

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0.872 0.875

* TOTAL SOLVENT EVAPORATION 26.556 26.869

MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES 

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 1.315 1.325

FARMING OPERATIONS 2.815 2.815

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0 0

PAVED ROAD DUST 0 0

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0 0

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0 0

FIRES 0.045 0.046

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 1.228 1.222

COOKING 0.144 0.146

* TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES 5.546 5.554

** TOTAL AREAWIDE SOURCES 32.102 32.424

MOBILE SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 6.696 6.329

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 2.626 2.504

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 5.25 5.123

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 2.719 2.645

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 1.386 1.365

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.339 0.323

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.43 0.393

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.194 0.17

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 0.079 0.077

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.061 0.059

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.168 0.163

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 1.656 1.548

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 3.365 3.389

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.021 0.021

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.041 0.042

SCHOOL BUSES (SB) 0.053 0.052
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-5 

OTHER BUSES (OB) 0.063 0.06

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.052 0.046

* TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 25.198 24.305

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 

AIRCRAFT 0.609 0.616

TRAINS 0.619 0.622

SHIPS AND COMMERCIAL BOATS 0.135 0.132

RECREATIONAL BOATS 16.25 16.215

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 6.598 6.833

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 7.721 7.522

FARM EQUIPMENT 0.986 0.9

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 1.372 1.337

* TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 34.289 34.178

** TOTAL MOBILE SOURCES 59.487 58.483

 

 

GRAND TOTAL FOR SACRAMENTO REGIONAL NON-ATTAINMENT AREA 113.165 112.764

* Emissions from natural sources are excluded. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-6 

Table A7-3: 2018 and 2019 NOx Inventory from CEFS v1.06 

Ozone SIP Sacramento NAA (v1.06_RF980) 

Oxides of Nitrogen Projected Emission Inventory 

SACRAMENTO REGIONAL NON-ATTAINMENT AREA 

REPORT TYPE: GROWN AND CONTROLLED

SEASON: SUMMER 

BASE YEAR: 2002

All emissions are represented in Tons per Day and reflect the most current data provided to ARB 

Download this data as a comma delimited file.

Download more detail data as a comma delimited file. 

STATIONARY SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

FUEL COMBUSTION 

ELECTRIC UTILITIES 1.512 1.513

COGENERATION 0.009 0.009

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION (COMBUSTION) 0.309 0.309

MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL 3.217 3.239

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING 4.506 4.259

SERVICE AND COMMERCIAL 2.521 2.523

OTHER (FUEL COMBUSTION) 0.607 0.585

* TOTAL FUEL COMBUSTION 12.681 12.436

WASTE DISPOSAL 

SEWAGE TREATMENT 0.013 0.013

LANDFILLS 0.041 0.041

INCINERATORS 0.022 0.022

SOIL REMEDIATION 0.004 0.004

OTHER (WASTE DISPOSAL) 0 0

* TOTAL WASTE DISPOSAL 0.079 0.079

CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS 

LAUNDERING 0 0

DEGREASING 0 0

COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 0.01 0.011

PRINTING 0.018 0.018

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS 0 0

OTHER (CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS) 0 0

* TOTAL CLEANING AND SURFACE COATINGS 0.028 0.029

PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING 

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION 0.01 0.01

PETROLEUM MARKETING 0.031 0.032

OTHER (PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING) 0 0

* TOTAL PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND MARKETING 0.041 0.042

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 

CHEMICAL 0.176 0.176
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-7 

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 0.022 0.022

MINERAL PROCESSES 0.59 0.594

METAL PROCESSES 0 0

WOOD AND PAPER 0.076 0.077

ELECTRONICS 0 0

OTHER (INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES) 0.003 0.003

* TOTAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 0.866 0.872

** TOTAL STATIONARY SOURCES 13.695 13.458

AREAWIDE SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

SOLVENT EVAPORATION 

CONSUMER PRODUCTS 0 0

ARCHITECTURAL COATINGS AND RELATED PROCESS SOLVENTS 0 0

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS 0 0

ASPHALT PAVING / ROOFING 0 0

* TOTAL SOLVENT EVAPORATION 0 0

MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES 

RESIDENTIAL FUEL COMBUSTION 3.15 3.17

FARMING OPERATIONS 0 0

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION 0 0

PAVED ROAD DUST 0 0

UNPAVED ROAD DUST 0 0

FUGITIVE WINDBLOWN DUST 0 0

FIRES 0.015 0.015

MANAGED BURNING AND DISPOSAL 0.376 0.372

COOKING 0 0

* TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSES 3.54 3.557

** TOTAL AREAWIDE SOURCES 3.54 3.557

MOBILE SOURCES 

SUMMARY CATEGORY NAME 2018 2019

ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 

LIGHT DUTY PASSENGER (LDA) 3.862 3.553

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 1.698 1.557

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 4.005 3.741

MEDIUM DUTY TRUCKS (MDV) 2.653 2.476

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 2.127 2.117

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.535 0.529

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (MHDV) 0.617 0.576

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY GAS TRUCKS (HHDV) 0.449 0.408

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 1 (LHDV1) 1.248 1.181

LIGHT HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS - 2 (LHDV2) 0.912 0.849

MEDIUM HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (MHDV) 4.382 3.997

HEAVY HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS (HHDV) 18.593 17.223

MOTORCYCLES (MCY) 0.858 0.865

HEAVY DUTY DIESEL URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.519 0.515

HEAVY DUTY GAS URBAN BUSES (UB) 0.084 0.085

SCHOOL BUSES (SB) 0.668 0.66
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix A7: 2019 Emissions Inventories 

Page A7-8 

OTHER BUSES (OB) 0.298 0.278

MOTOR HOMES (MH) 0.344 0.319

* TOTAL ON-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES 43.852 40.931

OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 

AIRCRAFT 2.761 2.813

TRAINS 9.402 9.495

SHIPS AND COMMERCIAL BOATS 1.178 1.152

RECREATIONAL BOATS 5.933 5.954

OFF-ROAD RECREATIONAL VEHICLES 0.147 0.152

OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT 14.325 13.452

FARM EQUIPMENT 5.331 4.891

FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING 0 0

* TOTAL OTHER MOBILE SOURCES 39.076 37.908

** TOTAL MOBILE SOURCES 82.928 78.839

 

 

GRAND TOTAL FOR SACRAMENTO REGIONAL NON-ATTAINMENT AREA 100.163 95.854

* Emissions from natural sources are excluded. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-1 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

This appendix contains summary information and documentation regarding the photochemical 

grid modeling performed by the California Air Resources Board in evaluating and supporting the 

attainment demonstration for the federal 8-hour ozone standard in the Sacramento region. 

Included in this appendix are the following specific modeling topics: 

Selection and Characterization of Modeling Episodes.............................................................. B-2 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation .............................................................................. B-7 

Air Quality Modeling Results................................................................................................... B-33 

The following California Air Resource Board photochemical modeling documents for the 

Sacramento Federal Ozone Nonattainment Area provide more complete information. These 

documents are available at 

http://www.airquality.org/notices/CAPUpdate/8hrAPandEIRWorkshopsSept2008.shtml 

for reference. 

A. Volume 1: Model Performance 

B. Volume 2: Future Year Design Value and Carrying Capacity Calculations for the 

Sacramento Non-Attainment Area 

C. Photochemical Modeling Protocol For Development Strategies to Attain The Federal 8-

Hour Air Quality Standard in Central California 

D. Modeling Emission Inventory 

a. Appendix a: Gridded Inventory Coordination Group Minutes 

b. Appendix b: Development and Vertical Distributions for Modeling Large Wildfires 

in the CCOS Domain 

c. Appendix c: Proposed Method to Improve Temporal Distribution Of Gridded Onroad Motor Vehicle Emissions 

d. Appendix d: Development Of Version Two Of the California Integrated 

Transportation Network (ITN) 

e. Appendix e: ARB Letter 

f. Appendix f: Draft EMFAC Modeling Change Technical Memo 

g. Appendix g: Development of a biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the 

Central California Ozone Study domain. 

h. Appendix h: Surrogate Cross-Reference Tables 

i. Appendix i: Sacramento Non-Attainment Area Tabular Summaries 

In addition, the California Air Resources Board has established a website for documenting the 

technical products used to develop the State Implementation Plan (SIP). This website includes 

SIP modeling tools and documentation, and is located at: 

http://eos.arb.ca.gov/eos/SIP_Modeling/ 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-2 

Selection and Characterization of Modeling Episodes 

Episode Selection1

The evaluation of the episode days selected for air quality modeling included many 

local, state and federal governmental agencies, consultants, and stakeholder interest 

groups that participated in the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS) and other air 

quality technical committees formed in support of ozone SIP developments for Central 

California. A large body of work was produced by these study groups toward the goal of 

determining representative candidate episode periods for use in 8-hour ozone SIP 

modeling for the region. From this collective body of work, the following four episodes 

were identified as having the greatest potential for SIP modeling in the region: 

• July 7-13, 1999 (captured with routine state and local measurements) 

• July 29-August 2, 2000 (CCOS-studied episode) 

• September 17-21, 2000 (CCOS-studied episode) 

• August 8-17, 2002 (captures with routine state and local measurements) 

Due to time constraints and based on model performance issues expressed by study 

efforts for the two later episodes, the first two episodes (July 7-13, 1999 and July 29-

August 2, 2000) were determined to be the most adequate for the initial round of 8-hour 

ozone SIP attainment planning. Brief summaries of the two episodes selected for SIP 

modeling are included in the next section, Characterization of Selected Modeling 

Episodes. 

With regard to the two potential episodes that were dropped from consideration, CCOS 

sponsored a project that was focused on developing the third episode (September 17-

21, 2000) while the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

sponsored a project to develop the fourth episode (August 8-17, 2002). As indicated 

above, achieving adequate model performance for both of these periods was 

problematic. 

Characterization of Modeling Episodes

The following meteorological characterizations of large-scale synoptic weather patterns 

include two parameters which historically have correlated well with ozone formation in 

California. The measurements of 500 mb heights at a fixed location are a general 

indicator of behavior showing the sequence of pressure ridges and troughs. The 850 

mb temperature is a measure of large-scale subsidence which produces stable layers in 

the atmosphere and limits vertical dispersion of air pollutants. As an example, at the 

Oakland NWS station during June-September 2000, the 500 mb heights ranged 

between 5,650 to 6,000 meters and the 850 mb temperatures ranged between 7 to 

 

1

 “Photochemical Modeling Protocol for Developing Strategies to Attain the Federal 8-Hour Ozone Air 

Quality Standard in Central California” (California Air Resources Board, May 22, 2007). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-3 

27°C. In general, a strong positive correlation was evident between daily peak ozone 

concentrations in Central California and 850 mb temperatures and 500 mb heights.2

September 17-21, 2000 Ozone Episode

The September 17-21, 2000 ozone episode was characterized by a high pressure ridge 

moving into the West Coast and joining with the remnants of a persistent Four Corners 

high. The 500 mb height peaked at 5,970 m on September 18, and the 850 mb 

temperature reached 26°C on September 19 at the Oakland NWS station.3

 Peak 8-

hour ozone concentrations in the central and southern parts of the San Joaquin Valley 

exceeded 100 ppb at many monitoring sites and rose as high as 120 ppb during 

September 18-20. The Bay Area did not experience any ozone exceedances during 

this episode, and the Sacramento region measured moderate 8-hour ozone 

exceedances on September 20 at multiple sites with a high of 100 ppb. 

This ozone episode was evaluated by a team of modeling consultants headed by Alpine 

Geophysics and funded as a CCOS project. They prepared refined emissions, 

meteorological, and photochemical model input files and performed a base case 

simulation for the episode. There were substantial performance problems with the base 

case which included a systematic and large underprediction of ozone concentrations. 

Thus, the consultants were unsuccessful in developing a SIP-quality ozone modeling 

episode that met EPA performance goals.4

August 8-17, 2002 Ozone Episode

This episode is characterized by an Eastern Pacific high. The wind speeds and 

directions and surface temperatures at both Bethel Island and Sacramento are 

characteristic of more typical summer day values when an Eastern Pacific high is 

present.5 The Bay Area experienced only limited ozone exceedances at Livermore 

during this episode. However, there were significant widespread 8-hour ozone 

exceedances throughout the Sacramento region and much of the San Joaquin Valley 

during most days of this episode. 8-hour ozone concentrations at Cool peaked at 137 

ppb on August 14. San Joaquin Valley 8-hour ozone values were highest at Merced 

with 125 ppb on August 14 and at Arvin with 120 ppb on August 9. 

The August 8-17, 2002 ozone episode was pursued by the Sacramento Air District 

under independent contract with the Desert Research Institute (DRI).6 DRI conducted 

 

2

 “Characterization of the CCOS 2000 Measurement Period” (Lehrman, et al., 2003, p. 2-1 to 2-3). 3

 “Characterization of the CCOS 2000 Measurement Period” (Lehrman, et al., 2001) Interim Report. 4

 “Evaluation of the 16-20 September 2000 Ozone Episode for Use in 1-Hr SIP Development in the 

California Central Valley” (Alpine Geophysics, Tesche et al., February 15, 2004). 5

 “Data Analysis and Episode Selection for SIP Modeling” (Desert Research Institute, September 9, 

2003). 

6

 “Photochemical Modeling Protocol for Developing Strategies to Attain the Federal 8-Hour Ozone Air 

Quality Standard in Central California” (California Air Resources Board, May 22, 2007). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-4 

meteorological analyses which indicated significant potential transport from the Bay 

Area into the Sacramento region.7

 However, DRI was not able to achieve adequate 

model performance with the episode, rendering it unusable for attainment 

demonstration modeling. This episode was found not to be representative due to the 

large number of wildfires within the domain and an especially large wildfire in southern 

Oregon. The smoke and presumably ozone precursors flowed along the coast and 

some of the smoke plume penetrated into central California near the San Francisco Bay 

Area.8 Undoubtedly, emissions from the wildfire influenced ozone levels at many 

monitors, meaning that these days were not reflective of typical summertime high-ozone 

days, when precursor emissions are dominated by anthropogenic emissions.9

July 29-August 2, 2000 Ozone Modeling Episode

The summer 2000 ozone modeling episode includes 5 days from July 29 to August 2. 

The start of this episode was characterized by a typical high pressure system centered 

over the Four Corners area (Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico). The relatively 

large high pressure ridge slowly migrated west and became centered near Reno, 

Nevada by July 31, creating meteorological conditions conducive to high ozone 

formation in Central California. The 850 mb temperature reached 27°C, and the 500 mb 

height peaked at 5,970 m at the Oakland NWS station.10

The high pressure system resulted in stable atmospheric layers with limited vertical 

mixing. Maximum mixing heights of 800-1100 meters were estimated from rawinsonde 

and ozonesonde data at Granite Bay.11 Relatively calm to light surface daytime winds 

varying from the north, west, and southwest were measured in the lower Sacramento 

Valley region during the beginning and middle of the episode. The surface daytime 

winds transitioned to mainly delta breezes from the south and southwest near the end of 

the episode.12 Maximum surface temperatures in Sacramento were hot throughout the 

episode and peaked at 40°C (or 104°F) on July 31 (see the following table). 

 

7

 “Data Analysis and Episode Selection for SIP Modeling” (Desert Research Institute, September 9, 

2003). 

8

 “State Implementation Plan (SIP) Modeling” (Desert Research Institute, November 15, 2004). 9

 California Air Resources Board staff response regarding public comments on episode selection 

discussion. November 2008 correspondence to SMAQMD. 

10 “Characterization of the CCOS 2000 Measurement Period” (Lehrman, et al., 2003, p. 2-6). 11 Ibid., p. 3-67. 12 Surface daytime wind descriptions based on observed wind measurements at Rocklin, Folsom, Auburn, 

Cool, Sacramento-Del Paso Manor, Roseville, Sloughhouse, and Placerville. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-5 

Table B-1 

Maximum Surface Temperatures in Sacramento 

During the Jul-Aug 2000 Modeling Episode 

Max. Temperature July 29 July 30 July 31 August 1 August 2 

Sac. Exec. Airport 37°C 

(98°F) 

37°C 

(99°F) 

40°C 

(104°F) 

39°C 

(102°F) 

38°C 

(100°F) 

Ozone-conducive conditions were prevalent throughout the episode, but the highest 

ozone readings in the Sacramento region occurred on the last two days of the episode. 

On August 1, 8-hour ozone concentrations peaked in the southern part of the 

nonattainment area at Sloughhouse (108 ppb). On August 2, the maximum 8-hour 

ozone readings were measured in the northeast part of the region at Auburn (107 ppb) 

and Grass Valley (113 ppb). See the following table of selected high ozone sites: 

Table B-2 

Maximum 8-Hour Ozone in the Sacrament Region 

During the Jul-Aug 2000 Modeling Episode 

Max. 8-Hr Ozone (ppb) July 29 July 30 July 31 August 1 August 2 

Auburn (Placer Co.) 86 80 81 95 107 

Cool (El Dorado Co.) 94 87 89 99 103 

Grass Valley (Nevada Co.) 86 86 73 94 113 

Sac-Del Paso Manor (Sac. Co.) 92 93 74 100 79 

Sloughhouse (Sac. Co.) 95 91 82 108 91 

Federal 8-hour ozone exceedances (>84 ppb) in bold. 

July 9-13, 1999 Ozone Modeling Episode

The July 1999 ozone modeling episode includes 5 days from July 9 to 13. This episode 

is characterized by a much broader high pressure system than the summer 2000 

episode. The high pressure system encompassed the Four Corners area, the Pacific 

Northwest region, and the Eastern Pacific Ocean, causing meteorological conditions 

conducive to high ozone formation in Central and Northern California. The 850 mb 

temperature peaked at 27°C on July 12, and the 500 mb height reached 5,940-5,950 m 

on July 10 to 12 at the Oakland NWS station.13

Relatively calm to light surface daytime winds varying mainly from the west and 

southwest were measured in the lower Sacramento Valley region during the episode. 

Sometimes in the morning, the surface winds flowed from the northwest direction as 

 

13 “Modeling Protocol - Development of a Photochemical Modeling System to Support the Bay Area Air 

Quality Management District’s 2004 State Implementation Plan” (ENVIRON, et al., 2002, p. 2-48). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-6 

well.14 Maximum surface temperatures in Sacramento rose steadily from July 9, 

peaking at 42°C (or 107°F) on July 12 (see the following table). 

Table B-3 

Maximum Surface Temperatures in Sacramento 

During the July 1999 Modeling Episode 

Max. Temperature July 9 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 

Sac. Exec. Airport 34°C 

(93°F) 

36°C 

(97°F) 

39°C 

(102°F) 

42°C 

(107°F) 

35°C 

(96°F) 

High surface 8-hour ozone readings were fairly widespread throughout the Sacramento 

region during the episode. On July 9, maximum 8-hour ozone occurred in the eastern 

portion of the nonattainment area at Cool (116 ppb), Placerville (110 ppb), and Folsom 

(109 ppb). On July 10, 8-hour ozone concentrations were high in most of the 

Sacramento region at Folsom (129 ppb), Placerville (118 ppb), Cool (113 ppb), 

Sacramento-Del Paso Manor (110 ppb), and Sloughhouse (107 ppb). On July 11, the 

same areas continued to monitor 8-hour ozone exceedances with maximums at Folsom 

(123 ppb), Cool (117 ppb), Sloughhouse (113 ppb), and Roseville (113). On July 12, 

ozone declined in most of the nonattainment area, but still exceeded the 8-hour 

standard with maximum readings in the southern downwind areas at Jackson (105 ppb) 

and Sloughhouse (103 ppb) and in the western area at Vacaville (106 ppb). On the last 

day of the episode, 8-hour ozone concentrations were recorded just above the federal 

standard with a high of 91 ppb at Auburn. See the following table of selected high 

ozone sites: 

Table B-4 

Maximum 8-Hour Ozone in the Sacramento Region 

During the July 1999 Modeling Episode 

Max. 8-Hr Ozone (ppb) July 9 July 10 July 11 July 12 July 13 

Auburn (Placer Co.) 104 102 106 90 91 

Cool (El Dorado Co.) 116 113 117 98 83 

Folsom (Sac. Co.) 109 129 123 101 85 

Jackson (Amador Co.) 89 107 101 105 87 

Placerville (El Dorado Co.) 110 118 104 96 81 

Roseville (Placer Co.) 86 106 113 88 86 

Sac-Del Paso Manor (Sac. Co.) 77 110 107 95 77 

Sloughhouse (Sac. Co.) 86 107 113 103 81 

Vacaville (Solano Co.) 69 81 102 106 59 

Federal 8-hour ozone exceedances (>84 ppb) in bold.

 

14 Surface daytime wind descriptions based on observed wind measurements at Rocklin, Folsom, Elk 

Grove, Roseville, Sloughhouse, and Placerville. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-7 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation 

EPA modeling guidance1 recommends the model performance evaluation should 

compare hourly ozone observations and predictions as well as 8-hour daily maxima 

observations and predictions over the episode days (excluding ramp-up days). The 

ozone data should be evaluated for all data pairs in which the observed concentrations 

are above 60 ppb, and for all data pairs without any minimum threshold. At a minimum, 

statistical calculations should be performed for: 1) mean normalized bias (MNB), 2) 

mean normalized gross error (MNGE), and 3) average peak prediction bias and error. 

The summary statistics should be calculated for individual days averaged over all sites 

and for individual sites averaged over all days, and then aggregated into meaningful 

subregions or subperiods. 

EPA modeling guidance does not assign an acceptance criteria level that distinguishes 

between adequate and inadequate model performance. Instead, EPA recommends that 

a qualitative weight-of-evidence approach consisting of a variety of performance tests 

be used to determine whether a particular modeling application is valid for assessing 

the future attainment status of an area. 

CARB conducted a model performance analysis of the photochemical modeling used in 

support of the attainment demonstration for the federal 8-hour ozone air quality 

standard SIP for Central California. Based on the statistical comparisons between 

observed and predicted ozone data, the base case modeling scenarios were 

determined to be performing adequately overall in the Sacramento region. 

Various summary base case model performance statistics tables, additional base case 

model performance evaluations, and modeling documentation are provided in this 

appendix. 

• Summary of Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Sacramento Region 

- Table B-5: July 9 – July 13, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-6: July 9 – July 13, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-7: July 29 – August 2, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-8: July 29 – August 2, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

- Table B-9: July 9, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-10: July 10, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-11: July 11, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-12: July 12, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-13: July 13, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 

1

 “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses in Attainment Demonstrations for the 8-hour 

Ozone NAAQS” (EPA, October 2005, p. 96). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-8 

- Table B-14: July 9, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-15: July 10, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-16: July 11, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-17: July 12, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-18: July 13, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-19: July 9-13, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-20: July 29, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-21: July 30, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-22: July 31, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-23: August 1, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-24: August 2, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-25: July 29, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-26: July 30, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-27: July 31, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-28: August 1, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-29: August 2, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

- Table B-30: Jul 29-Aug 2, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-9 

 

Table B-5 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Sacramento Region 

Site Comparisons Between Observed and Modeled 1-Hour Ozone 

July 9 – July 13, 1999 Episode 

Statistical Measure – All Sites Jul 9 Jul 10 Jul 11 Jul 12 Jul 13 

60 ppb observed threshold 

Mean Bias (ppb) -3 -9 -10 -9 -5 

Mean Gross Error (ppb) 10 15 12 12 13 

Mean Normalized Bias (%) -3 -9 -11 -10 -6 

Mean Normalized Gross Error (%) 12 16 14 14 17 

Observed Peak Site Conc. (ppb) 127 147 137 140 103 

Peak Site Prediction Ratio 0.99 0.84 1.01 0.85 1.00 

Region Peak Prediction Ratio 1.05 0.94 1.07 0.89 1.17 

Number of Values Used (site-hrs) 157 199 224 218 160 

Table B-6 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Sacramento Region 

Site Comparisons Between Observed and Modeled 8-Hour Maximum Ozone 

July 9 – July 13, 1999 Episode 

Statistical Measure – All Sites Jul 9 Jul 10 Jul 11 Jul 12 Jul 13 

60 ppb observed threshold 

Mean Bias (ppb) 3 -6 -7 -10 3 

Mean Gross Error (ppb) 8 13 10 11 11 

Mean Normalized Bias (%) 5 -5 -7 -11 6 

Mean Normalized Gross Error (%) 9 13 10 12 14 

Observed Peak Site Conc. (ppb) 116 129 124 107 91 

Peak Site Prediction Ratio 0.96 0.87 1.02 1.00 1.04 

Region Peak Prediction Ratio 1.02 0.93 1.06 1.03 1.12 

Number of Values Used (sites) 16 17 17 16 14 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-10 

Table B-7 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Sacramento Region 

Site Comparisons Between Observed and Modeled 1-Hour Ozone 

July 29 – August 2, 2000 Episode 

Statistical Measure – All Sites Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1 Aug 2 

60 ppb observed threshold 

Mean Bias (ppb) -6 5 4 5 2 

Mean Gross Error (ppb) 11 11 10 11 14 

Mean Normalized Bias (%) -6 7 6 6 4 

Mean Normalized Gross Error (%) 14 15 13 14 17 

Observed Peak Site Conc. (ppb) 118 121 103 133 121 

Peak Site Prediction Ratio 1.07 1.04 1.19 1.09 1.04 

Region Peak Prediction Ratio 1.11 1.09 1.41 1.15 1.07 

Number of Values Used (site-hrs) 135 152 130 141 138 

Table B-8 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Sacramento Region 

Site Comparisons Between Observed and Modeled 8-Hour Maximum Ozone 

July 29 – August 2, 2000 Episode 

Statistical Measure – All Sites Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1 Aug 2 

60 ppb observed threshold 

Mean Bias (ppb) -3 8 7 8 9 

Mean Gross Error (ppb) 10 10 9 9 12 

Mean Normalized Bias (%) -2 12 10 10 13 

Mean Normalized Gross Error (%) 11 13 12 11 17 

Observed Peak Site Conc. (ppb) 97 93 89 109 107 

Peak Site Prediction Ratio 1.03 1.15 1.13 1.05 0.98 

Region Peak Prediction Ratio 1.07 1.21 1.32 1.09 1.00 

Number of Values Used (sites) 15 15 15 15 16 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-9 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 9, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 190 (07/09) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 157 12.7 19 12.5 16 -3 0.99 -0.3 1.0 -0.03 0.12 0.7 Subregional Peak: 13.3 17 -2 1.05 (at 84 x120) NSte: 3187; NSPk: 12.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 1 6.6 16 10.1 16 0 1.53 3.5 3.5 0.53 0.53 -99.02143 Davis-UCD Campus 5 9.2 17 9.2 18 1 1.00 0.9 0.9 0.12 0.12 0.02731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 6 10.0 17 9.7 16 -1 0.97 0.1 1.2 0.03 0.16 0.12848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 6 9.6 16 9.3 17 1 0.97 0.7 0.8 0.10 0.11 0.82891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 20 11.1 19 9.4 18 -1 0.85 -1.6 1.6 -0.19 0.19 0.82956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 10 9.7 15 10.4 17 2 1.08 0.6 0.8 0.07 0.09 0.92977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 7 9.4 16 8.4 16 0 0.90 0.1 0.7 0.02 0.09 0.83002 Colfax-City Hall 16 10.0 19 8.6 18 -1 0.86 -0.4 0.5 -0.05 0.06 0.93008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 10 10.3 16 10.3 18 2 1.00 0.1 0.6 0.01 0.07 0.83011 Sacramento-T Street 4 8.5 16 8.0 15 -1 0.94 -0.7 0.7 -0.09 0.09 0.13017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 20 12.7 19 12.5 17 -2 0.98 -0.5 1.0 -0.06 0.11 0.83155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 8 7.6 18 8.9 17 -1 1.18 0.7 1.0 0.09 0.14 0.73187 Folsom-Natoma Street 9 12.7 16 12.5 16 0 0.99 -0.3 0.6 -0.03 0.06 0.93196 Cool-Highway 193 16 12.1 15 10.6 18 3 0.88 -1.6 1.6 -0.17 0.17 0.93209 Sloughhouse 8 10.0 17 9.2 15 -2 0.92 -0.2 0.9 -0.01 0.10 0.53223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 5 8.1 16 9.3 15 -1 1.15 1.2 1.2 0.17 0.17 0.53249 Woodland-Gibson Road 6 9.0 18 9.5 16 -2 1.07 0.3 0.8 0.04 0.11 0.4
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-10 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 10, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 191 (07/10) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 199 14.7 16 12.4 14 -2 0.84 -0.9 1.5 -0.09 0.16 0.5 Subregional Peak: 13.9 15 -1 0.94 (at 83 x115) NSte: 3209; NSPk: 12.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 6 8.8 15 9.0 16 1 1.02 0.8 0.9 0.12 0.13 -0.32143 Davis-UCD Campus 8 10.1 15 10.0 15 0 0.99 0.4 0.5 0.05 0.06 0.82731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 10 13.1 14 10.7 17 3 0.81 -0.5 1.3 -0.03 0.12 0.72848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 7 9.8 14 10.1 18 4 1.03 0.5 1.3 0.09 0.17 -0.82891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 21 10.7 15 8.6 14 -1 0.81 -1.9 1.9 -0.22 0.22 0.72956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 11 11.7 17 9.1 19 2 0.78 -1.4 1.6 -0.13 0.15 0.42977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 8 11.8 16 10.0 17 1 0.85 -0.1 1.4 0.03 0.15 0.73002 Colfax-City Hall 13 9.7 19 7.8 14 -5 0.80 -0.7 0.8 -0.09 0.09 0.83008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 13 11.9 18 8.7 12 -6 0.73 -1.8 1.8 -0.19 0.19 0.83011 Sacramento-T Street 8 10.7 14 9.9 16 2 0.93 0.5 0.8 0.08 0.11 0.83017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 22 12.9 19 9.4 16 -3 0.73 -2.1 2.1 -0.20 0.20 0.73155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 9 9.3 15 9.4 14 -1 1.01 -0.4 1.1 -0.05 0.15 0.63187 Folsom-Natoma Street 13 14.7 16 10.6 13 -3 0.72 -2.0 2.2 -0.15 0.18 0.73196 Cool-Highway 193 22 12.4 19 8.8 14 -5 0.71 -2.4 2.4 -0.26 0.26 0.93209 Sloughhouse 12 12.8 14 12.4 14 0 0.97 0.5 0.8 0.07 0.09 0.93223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 8 10.0 14 10.6 16 2 1.06 1.3 1.4 0.18 0.19 0.63249 Woodland-Gibson Road 8 9.9 15 10.3 15 0 1.04 0.5 0.5 0.06 0.06 0.8
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-11 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 11, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 192 (07/11) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 224 13.7 16 13.9 16 0 1.01 -1.0 1.2 -0.11 0.14 0.7 Subregional Peak: 14.7 15 -1 1.07 (at 80 x117) NSte: 3187; NSPk: 13.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 5 8.3 13 8.3 11 -2 1.00 0.4 0.5 0.06 0.07 0.72143 Davis-UCD Campus 10 9.7 14 9.1 16 2 0.94 -0.3 0.7 -0.02 0.09 0.82731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 12 12.1 14 11.3 13 -1 0.93 -0.4 0.5 -0.04 0.05 0.92848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 7 8.1 12 7.6 11 -1 0.93 0.0 0.5 0.01 0.08 -0.52891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 20 13.3 18 11.4 19 1 0.86 -1.5 1.5 -0.16 0.17 0.82956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 17 12.8 15 10.9 18 3 0.85 -1.8 1.9 -0.21 0.22 0.82977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 10 10.1 12 8.7 16 4 0.86 -1.0 1.1 -0.10 0.11 0.53002 Colfax-City Hall 12 10.5 20 9.8 20 0 0.94 -0.1 0.8 0.00 0.10 0.53008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 13 12.8 15 11.6 18 3 0.91 -1.3 1.5 -0.12 0.14 0.73011 Sacramento-T Street 10 9.6 13 8.9 12 -1 0.93 -0.4 0.7 -0.04 0.09 0.83017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 19 11.4 18 11.4 16 -2 1.00 -1.5 1.8 -0.16 0.20 0.53155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 12 12.1 16 9.7 17 1 0.79 -1.6 1.6 -0.16 0.17 0.83187 Folsom-Natoma Street 20 13.7 16 13.9 16 0 1.01 -0.7 1.1 -0.10 0.14 0.93196 Cool-Highway 193 20 13.5 18 11.4 18 0 0.85 -1.5 1.6 -0.15 0.16 0.93209 Sloughhouse 18 13.1 14 11.4 16 2 0.87 -1.2 1.4 -0.15 0.16 0.83223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 8 9.2 13 8.5 12 -1 0.92 -0.4 0.7 -0.04 0.08 0.13249 Woodland-Gibson Road 11 9.4 17 8.3 17 0 0.88 -0.6 0.6 -0.06 0.07 0.8
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-12 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 12, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 193 (07/12) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 218 14.0 15 11.9 13 -2 0.85 -0.9 1.2 -0.10 0.14 0.6 Subregional Peak: 12.5 15 0 0.89 (at 67 x107) NSte: 3155; NSPk: 9.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 2 6.9 11 7.1 11 0 1.03 0.4 0.4 0.06 0.06 -99.02143 Davis-UCD Campus 9 11.7 17 7.9 18 1 0.68 -1.8 1.9 -0.18 0.19 -0.62731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 12 11.1 18 8.9 19 1 0.80 -1.2 1.3 -0.12 0.14 0.62848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 7 8.8 15 7.0 16 1 0.79 -1.0 1.1 -0.12 0.14 0.72891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 21 9.9 17 8.4 16 -1 0.84 -1.2 1.2 -0.15 0.15 0.82956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 14 10.8 19 7.8 20 1 0.72 -1.2 1.3 -0.14 0.15 0.62977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 11 10.8 17 10.9 17 0 1.01 0.2 1.0 0.04 0.12 0.43002 Colfax-City Hall 14 8.1 19 8.0 18 -1 0.99 -0.1 0.3 -0.02 0.05 0.83008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 16 10.4 19 8.1 14 -5 0.78 -1.3 1.3 -0.15 0.15 0.83011 Sacramento-T Street 10 9.7 18 8.4 18 0 0.86 -0.9 1.3 -0.10 0.16 0.13017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 18 10.3 16 9.6 17 1 0.93 -0.6 0.9 -0.07 0.11 0.83155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 11 14.0 15 9.8 17 2 0.70 -1.7 2.0 -0.14 0.19 0.63187 Folsom-Natoma Street 19 11.1 11 9.3 13 2 0.83 -1.1 1.3 -0.12 0.14 0.83196 Cool-Highway 193 21 10.5 11 8.9 13 2 0.85 -1.3 1.3 -0.16 0.16 0.93209 Sloughhouse 14 11.0 15 11.9 13 -2 1.08 0.2 0.7 0.02 0.08 0.83223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 10 9.5 18 8.7 19 1 0.91 -0.4 0.9 -0.04 0.12 0.13249 Woodland-Gibson Road 9 11.0 18 7.5 17 -1 0.68 -1.3 1.5 -0.12 0.17 0.7
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-13 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 13, 1999 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 194 (07/13) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 160 10.3 14 10.3 17 3 1.00 -0.5 1.3 -0.06 0.17 0.3 Subregional Peak: 12.1 14 0 1.17 (at 86 x115) NSte: 3017; NSPk: 9.2143 Davis-UCD Campus 5 7.8 14 8.1 14 0 1.04 1.0 1.0 0.14 0.14 0.42731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 6 9.2 16 9.9 18 2 1.08 0.8 1.0 0.12 0.13 0.22848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 2 6.4 15 7.6 15 0 1.19 1.2 1.2 0.19 0.19 -99.02891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 20 9.6 16 7.9 14 -2 0.83 -1.6 1.6 -0.19 0.19 0.42956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 11 9.8 14 9.1 18 4 0.93 -1.0 1.4 -0.10 0.17 0.22977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 8 8.6 15 10.1 16 1 1.18 1.0 1.0 0.13 0.13 0.53002 Colfax-City Hall 12 7.3 15 7.7 16 1 1.05 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.05 0.73008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 13 10.3 14 8.6 18 4 0.84 -1.4 1.5 -0.16 0.17 0.63011 Sacramento-T Street 4 7.6 15 9.1 17 2 1.20 1.5 1.5 0.21 0.21 -0.33017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 23 8.9 1 9.1 13 12 1.03 -1.5 1.7 -0.20 0.22 0.63155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 4 7.1 15 9.2 13 -2 1.30 1.8 1.8 0.26 0.26 0.13187 Folsom-Natoma Street 15 9.2 17 9.7 12 -5 1.06 -0.5 1.2 -0.07 0.16 0.73196 Cool-Highway 193 18 8.9 15 8.0 15 0 0.90 -1.6 1.6 -0.20 0.20 0.43209 Sloughhouse 9 9.2 17 10.3 17 0 1.12 0.8 1.2 0.09 0.16 0.83223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 5 8.0 16 9.8 17 1 1.23 1.4 1.4 0.20 0.20 0.33249 Woodland-Gibson Road 5 8.9 15 7.8 17 2 0.88 -0.5 0.9 -0.06 0.11 -1.0
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-14 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 9, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 190 (07/09) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 16 11.6 12 11.2 13 1 0.96 0.3 0.8 0.05 0.09 -42.7 Subregional Peak: 11.8 13 1 1.02 (at 85 x120) NSte: 3017; NSPk: 11.2143 Davis-UCD Campus 1 7.1 12 8.5 13 1 1.21 1.5 1.5 0.21 0.21 2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 1 7.8 13 8.2 12 -1 1.05 0.4 0.4 0.05 0.05 2848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 1 7.3 12 8.5 12 0 1.16 1.2 1.2 0.16 0.16 2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 10.5 14 9.0 12 -2 0.86 -1.4 1.4 -0.14 0.14 2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 1 8.6 12 9.5 12 0 1.10 0.8 0.8 0.10 0.10 2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 1 7.5 12 7.7 12 0 1.03 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.03 3002 Colfax-City Hall 1 8.9 13 8.3 13 0 0.93 -0.6 0.6 -0.07 0.07 3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 1 9.4 13 9.5 12 -1 1.02 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 3011 Sacramento-T Street 1 6.7 13 7.1 12 -1 1.05 0.4 0.4 0.05 0.05 3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 1 11.0 13 11.2 13 0 1.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 3155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 1 7.0 13 7.8 12 -1 1.12 0.8 0.8 0.12 0.12 3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 1 10.9 13 10.8 12 -1 0.99 -0.1 0.1 -0.01 0.01 3196 Cool-Highway 193 1 11.6 12 10.0 12 0 0.86 -1.6 1.6 -0.14 0.14 3209 Sloughhouse 1 8.7 13 8.5 12 -1 0.98 -0.1 0.1 -0.02 0.02 3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 1 6.4 13 8.3 12 -1 1.28 1.8 1.8 0.28 0.28 3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 1 7.6 12 8.2 12 0 1.09 0.7 0.7 0.09 0.09 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-15 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 10, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 191 (07/10) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 17 12.9 11 11.2 12 1 0.87 -0.6 1.3 -0.05 0.13 -76.7 Subregional Peak: 12.1 12 1 0.93 (at 82 x115) NSte: 3209; NSPk: 11.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 1 7.9 11 9.2 12 1 1.16 1.2 1.2 0.16 0.16 2143 Davis-UCD Campus 1 8.8 12 9.4 11 -1 1.08 0.7 0.7 0.08 0.08 2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 1 11.1 12 10.2 12 0 0.92 -0.9 0.9 -0.08 0.08 2848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 1 8.1 11 9.0 12 1 1.11 0.9 0.9 0.11 0.11 2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 10.3 14 8.3 12 -2 0.81 -2.0 2.0 -0.19 0.19 2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 1 10.7 12 8.6 12 0 0.80 -2.1 2.1 -0.20 0.20 2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 1 9.3 12 9.2 12 0 0.99 -0.1 0.1 -0.01 0.01 3002 Colfax-City Hall 1 8.6 13 7.7 12 -1 0.89 -0.9 0.9 -0.11 0.11 3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 1 10.7 12 8.5 11 -1 0.79 -2.2 2.2 -0.21 0.21 3011 Sacramento-T Street 1 8.8 12 9.3 12 0 1.06 0.5 0.5 0.06 0.06 3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 1 11.9 13 9.1 12 -1 0.77 -2.7 2.7 -0.23 0.23 3155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 1 8.2 12 8.4 10 -2 1.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 1 12.9 11 9.8 12 1 0.76 -3.1 3.1 -0.24 0.24 3196 Cool-Highway 193 1 11.4 12 8.5 11 -1 0.75 -2.8 2.8 -0.25 0.25 3209 Sloughhouse 1 10.7 12 11.2 12 0 1.05 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.05 3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 1 8.5 12 9.8 11 -1 1.16 1.4 1.4 0.16 0.16 3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 1 9.0 12 9.6 11 -1 1.07 0.7 0.7 0.07 0.07 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-16 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 11, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 192 (07/11) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 17 12.4 11 12.6 11 0 1.02 -0.7 1.0 -0.07 0.10 -47.8 Subregional Peak: 13.1 11 0 1.06 (at 80 x117) NSte: 3187; NSPk: 12.2123 North Highlands-Blackf 1 6.9 8 8.2 12 4 1.20 1.4 1.4 0.20 0.20 2143 Davis-UCD Campus 1 9.2 11 8.6 11 0 0.94 -0.6 0.6 -0.06 0.06 2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 1 10.7 11 10.3 11 0 0.96 -0.5 0.5 -0.04 0.04 2848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 1 7.2 10 7.5 11 1 1.04 0.3 0.3 0.04 0.04 2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 10.6 14 9.0 13 -1 0.84 -1.7 1.7 -0.16 0.16 2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 1 11.3 12 9.5 12 0 0.83 -1.9 1.9 -0.17 0.17 2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 1 9.7 11 8.5 12 1 0.88 -1.1 1.1 -0.12 0.12 3002 Colfax-City Hall 1 8.7 13 8.6 16 3 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 1 11.2 12 9.6 12 0 0.86 -1.5 1.5 -0.14 0.14 3011 Sacramento-T Street 1 8.8 11 8.1 11 0 0.92 -0.7 0.7 -0.08 0.08 3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 1 10.4 14 9.9 11 -3 0.95 -0.5 0.5 -0.05 0.05 3155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 1 10.2 11 8.2 12 1 0.80 -2.1 2.1 -0.20 0.20 3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 1 12.4 11 12.6 11 0 1.02 0.3 0.3 0.02 0.02 3196 Cool-Highway 193 1 11.8 12 9.8 13 1 0.83 -2.0 2.0 -0.17 0.17 3209 Sloughhouse 1 11.3 11 10.6 12 1 0.94 -0.7 0.7 -0.06 0.06 3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 1 8.5 10 8.1 11 1 0.96 -0.4 0.4 -0.04 0.04 3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 1 8.7 11 7.9 11 0 0.91 -0.8 0.8 -0.09 0.09 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-17 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 12, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 193 (07/12) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 16 10.7 10 10.7 11 1 1.00 -1.0 1.1 -0.11 0.12 -89.0 Subregional Peak: 11.0 12 2 1.03 (at 82 x112) NSte: 3209; NSPk: 10.2143 Davis-UCD Campus 1 9.2 11 7.3 12 1 0.79 -1.9 1.9 -0.21 0.21 2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 1 9.5 12 8.0 12 0 0.84 -1.5 1.5 -0.16 0.16 2848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 1 7.6 10 7.1 13 3 0.95 -0.4 0.4 -0.05 0.05 2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 9.1 11 7.9 11 0 0.87 -1.2 1.2 -0.13 0.13 2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 1 8.8 12 7.4 13 1 0.84 -1.4 1.4 -0.16 0.16 2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 1 9.5 10 9.4 11 1 0.99 -0.1 0.1 -0.01 0.01 3002 Colfax-City Hall 1 7.5 13 7.7 16 3 1.03 0.2 0.2 0.03 0.03 3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 1 9.0 12 7.6 10 -2 0.85 -1.4 1.4 -0.15 0.15 3011 Sacramento-T Street 1 8.7 11 7.4 12 1 0.85 -1.3 1.3 -0.15 0.15 3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 1 9.7 14 9.1 14 0 0.94 -0.6 0.6 -0.06 0.06 3155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 1 10.7 10 8.5 11 1 0.80 -2.2 2.2 -0.20 0.20 3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 1 10.2 10 8.8 10 0 0.86 -1.4 1.4 -0.14 0.14 3196 Cool-Highway 193 1 9.9 11 8.6 11 0 0.87 -1.3 1.3 -0.13 0.13 3209 Sloughhouse 1 10.4 11 10.7 11 0 1.03 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.03 3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 1 8.3 11 7.6 12 1 0.92 -0.6 0.6 -0.08 0.08 3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 1 8.6 12 7.2 12 0 0.83 -1.5 1.5 -0.17 0.17 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-18 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 13, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 194 (07/13) 1999 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 14 9.1 12 9.5 11 -1 1.04 0.3 1.1 0.06 0.14 -94.4 Subregional Peak: 10.2 10 -2 1.12 (at 82 x115) NSte: 3209; NSPk: 9.2143 Davis-UCD Campus 1 6.1 12 7.8 11 -1 1.27 1.6 1.6 0.27 0.27 2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 1 7.7 12 8.6 11 -1 1.12 0.9 0.9 0.12 0.12 2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 9.1 12 7.6 11 -1 0.83 -1.5 1.5 -0.17 0.17 2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 1 8.6 12 7.5 11 -1 0.87 -1.1 1.1 -0.13 0.13 2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 1 7.8 11 8.8 11 0 1.13 1.0 1.0 0.13 0.13 3002 Colfax-City Hall 1 6.9 11 7.0 10 -1 1.02 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.02 3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 1 8.9 12 7.5 11 -1 0.84 -1.4 1.4 -0.16 0.16 3011 Sacramento-T Street 1 6.2 12 8.1 12 0 1.30 1.9 1.9 0.30 0.30 3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 1 8.1 10 7.6 10 0 0.94 -0.5 0.5 -0.06 0.06 3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 1 8.6 12 8.8 11 -1 1.02 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 3196 Cool-Highway 193 1 8.3 14 7.9 10 -4 0.94 -0.5 0.5 -0.06 0.06 3209 Sloughhouse 1 8.1 12 9.5 11 -1 1.17 1.4 1.4 0.17 0.17 3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 1 6.4 11 8.5 12 1 1.33 2.1 2.1 0.33 0.33 3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 1 7.0 11 7.4 11 0 1.05 0.4 0.4 0.05 0.05 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-19 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

July 9-13, 1999 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0799_99_camx Simulation ID: 050c Subregion 0006 Spatially Paired Average 8-Hour Concentrations above 6.0 pphm for DOY 190 through 194  Unpaired Subregional Maximum of 10.6 at Cell 80 x 116 -- Nearest Site: 3209  - - - - - - Observed - - - - - - - - - - - - Simulated - - - - - - Site Site Site DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY Site DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY  ID Description Avg. 190 191 192 193 194 195 Avg. 190 191 192 193 194 195 ---- ------------------------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---  2123 North Highlands-Blackf 7.4 5.3 7.9 6.9 4.9 3.3 8.4 9.1 9.2 8.2 7.5 8.0  2143 Davis-UCD Campus 8.1 7.1 8.8 9.2 9.2 6.1 8.3 8.5 9.4 8.6 7.3 7.8  2731 Sacramento-Del Paso Ma 9.4 7.8 11.1 10.7 9.5 7.7 9.0 8.2 10.2 10.3 8.0 8.6  2848 Pleasant Grove-4 miles 7.6 7.3 8.1 7.2 7.6 5.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 7.5 7.1 7.8  2891 Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 9.9 10.5 10.3 10.6 9.1 9.1 8.4 9.0 8.3 9.0 7.9 7.6  2956 Roseville-N Sunrise Bl 9.6 8.6 10.7 11.3 8.8 8.6 8.5 9.5 8.6 9.5 7.4 7.5  2977 Elk Grove-Bruceville R 8.7 7.5 9.3 9.7 9.5 7.8 8.7 7.7 9.2 8.5 9.4 8.8  3002 Colfax-City Hall 8.1 8.9 8.6 8.7 7.5 6.9 7.9 8.3 7.7 8.6 7.7 7.0  3008 Rocklin-Rocklin Road 9.8 9.4 10.7 11.2 9.0 8.9 8.6 9.5 8.5 9.6 7.6 7.5  3011 Sacramento-T Street 7.8 6.7 8.8 8.8 8.7 6.2 8.0 7.1 9.3 8.1 7.4 8.1  3017 Placerville-Gold Nugge 10.2 11.0 11.9 10.4 9.7 8.1 9.4 11.2 9.1 9.9 9.1 7.6  3155 Vacaville-Elmira Road 9.0 7.0 8.2 10.2 10.7 6.0 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.2 8.5 8.0  3187 Folsom-Natoma Street 11.0 10.9 12.9 12.4 10.2 8.6 10.1 10.8 9.8 12.6 8.8 8.8  3196 Cool-Highway 193 10.6 11.6 11.4 11.8 9.9 8.3 9.0 10.0 8.5 9.8 8.6 7.9  3209 Sloughhouse 9.8 8.7 10.7 11.3 10.4 8.1 10.1 8.5 11.2 10.6 10.7 9.5  3223 Sacramento-3801 Airpor 7.6 6.4 8.5 8.5 8.3 6.4 8.5 8.3 9.8 8.1 7.6 8.5  3249 Woodland-Gibson Road 8.2 7.6 9.0 8.7 8.6 7.0 8.1 8.2 9.6 7.9 7.2 7.4 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-20 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 29, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 211 (07/29) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 135 11.8 14 12.6 14 0 1.07 -0.6 1.1 -0.06 0.14 0.5 Subregional Peak: 13.2 15 1 1.11 (at 81 x115) NSte: SLU ; NSPk: 12.CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 13 10.9 12 7.9 13 1 0.73 -1.3 1.3 -0.14 0.14 0.7DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 6 9.2 14 9.8 14 0 1.07 0.6 0.6 0.08 0.08 0.6ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 5 7.7 14 8.8 14 0 1.14 1.3 1.3 0.20 0.20 -0.2FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 7 8.4 17 10.2 17 0 1.22 1.9 1.9 0.26 0.26 0.9NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 7 9.5 15 8.5 17 2 0.90 0.0 0.7 0.01 0.08 0.6PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 17 10.5 18 8.7 18 0 0.83 -1.4 1.4 -0.16 0.16 0.8PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 8 8.7 15 8.6 17 2 0.98 -0.1 1.1 0.01 0.15 -0.3ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 11 9.7 18 8.0 17 -1 0.82 -1.2 1.2 -0.15 0.16 0.6ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 9 10.6 17 8.5 17 0 0.81 -1.4 1.4 -0.16 0.16 0.8S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 5 8.8 14 8.1 14 0 0.92 -0.5 0.6 -0.06 0.07 0.5SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 9 11.0 15 9.8 14 -1 0.89 -0.9 1.0 -0.10 0.11 0.9SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 10 11.8 14 12.6 14 0 1.07 0.3 0.5 0.02 0.06 0.9WLN Woodland Stn 7 10.0 14 9.1 16 2 0.91 -0.1 0.5 0.00 0.06 0.8GNBY Granite Bay Stn 11 11.5 17 9.0 17 0 0.78 -1.9 1.9 -0.22 0.22 0.8SNH Sacramento-North Highla 10 9.8 15 8.8 17 2 0.89 -0.9 0.9 -0.10 0.10 0.8
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-21 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 30, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 212 (07/30) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 152 12.1 15 12.5 16 1 1.04 0.5 1.1 0.07 0.15 0.3 Subregional Peak: 13.2 16 1 1.09 (at 76 x116) NSte: SDP ; NSPk: 13.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 16 8.4 15 8.4 15 0 1.00 -0.4 0.5 -0.06 0.07 0.9CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 12 8.9 15 9.0 16 1 1.01 -0.2 0.3 -0.03 0.04 0.9DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 7 9.3 14 9.8 15 1 1.05 0.8 0.9 0.10 0.11 0.3ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 2 6.3 16 9.5 17 1 1.50 3.0 3.0 0.49 0.49 -99.0FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 8 7.4 13 10.7 15 2 1.45 3.4 3.4 0.53 0.53 -0.1NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 7 8.3 17 10.3 17 0 1.25 1.7 1.7 0.22 0.22 -0.2PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 19 9.4 17 9.3 16 -1 0.99 -0.4 1.0 -0.04 0.13 0.4PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 8 8.1 14 9.7 18 4 1.20 1.2 1.2 0.17 0.17 -0.0ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 11 8.6 12 8.6 16 4 1.00 0.2 0.9 0.03 0.12 0.4ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 9 9.2 12 9.0 18 6 0.97 -0.3 0.9 -0.04 0.11 -0.1S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 7 8.4 14 11.2 15 1 1.34 2.3 2.3 0.32 0.32 0.4SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 9 9.9 17 12.5 16 -1 1.27 1.2 1.5 0.13 0.16 0.8SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 7 12.1 15 10.5 16 1 0.87 -0.5 0.9 -0.04 0.08 0.8WLN Woodland Stn 7 8.0 14 9.2 16 2 1.15 0.9 0.9 0.12 0.12 0.8GNBY Granite Bay Stn 13 10.2 12 9.3 18 6 0.91 -0.5 1.0 -0.06 0.13 0.7SNH Sacramento-North Highla 10 8.4 16 10.1 18 2 1.20 0.3 0.9 0.04 0.11 0.7
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-22 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 31, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 213 (07/31) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 130 10.3 14 12.2 14 0 1.19 0.4 1.0 0.06 0.13 0.2 Subregional Peak: 14.5 15 1 1.41 (at 79 x110) NSte: ELK ; NSPk: 11.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 12 8.9 17 8.1 15 -2 0.91 -0.9 0.9 -0.11 0.12 0.4CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 10 9.9 11 8.8 15 4 0.89 -1.2 1.3 -0.13 0.14 0.3DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 8 10.3 14 9.8 13 -1 0.95 -0.1 0.6 0.00 0.07 0.6ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 6 7.3 15 11.4 15 0 1.56 3.6 3.6 0.53 0.53 0.4NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 8 8.7 13 9.2 12 -1 1.05 0.7 0.7 0.10 0.11 0.4PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 14 8.7 13 9.2 17 4 1.05 -0.1 0.8 -0.02 0.10 0.7PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 8 7.8 15 8.2 15 0 1.05 0.6 0.6 0.08 0.08 0.5ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 8 7.8 13 8.7 15 2 1.12 1.0 1.0 0.13 0.13 0.5ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 8 8.0 13 8.6 16 3 1.07 1.2 1.2 0.17 0.17 0.2S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 7 8.5 14 9.7 13 -1 1.14 0.4 0.8 0.06 0.11 0.3SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 9 8.1 13 9.5 13 0 1.18 0.8 1.4 0.10 0.19 0.5SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 8 10.0 14 12.2 14 0 1.22 1.2 1.3 0.15 0.16 0.9WLN Woodland Stn 8 8.0 12 7.8 13 1 0.97 -0.2 0.6 -0.03 0.07 -0.0GNBY Granite Bay Stn 9 8.5 13 8.7 16 3 1.03 0.3 0.4 0.04 0.05 0.7SNH Sacramento-North Highla 7 8.1 12 8.6 16 4 1.06 0.6 0.7 0.09 0.09 -0.1
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-23 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

August 1, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 214 (08/01) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 141 13.3 15 14.5 15 0 1.09 0.5 1.1 0.06 0.14 0.6 Subregional Peak: 15.3 16 1 1.15 (at 82 x114) NSte: SLU ; NSPk: 14.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 12 10.3 15 10.0 15 0 0.97 -0.1 0.4 0.00 0.05 0.9CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 12 12.0 16 10.0 14 -2 0.83 -0.6 1.1 -0.06 0.11 0.6DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 6 9.5 15 9.5 13 -2 1.01 0.7 0.8 0.09 0.11 0.4ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 6 7.8 17 10.8 17 0 1.39 3.1 3.1 0.45 0.45 0.5NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 7 9.9 16 10.4 13 -3 1.05 0.5 0.9 0.06 0.10 -0.2PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 14 10.2 18 9.5 18 0 0.93 -0.8 1.1 -0.10 0.14 0.5PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 9 10.1 15 10.3 15 0 1.02 0.2 0.8 0.03 0.09 0.6ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 9 10.3 15 11.8 15 0 1.15 1.7 1.7 0.21 0.21 0.9ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 9 11.5 15 12.3 14 -1 1.07 1.4 1.4 0.17 0.17 0.9S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 7 9.6 15 10.5 13 -2 1.10 1.8 1.8 0.25 0.25 0.5SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 10 11.5 15 13.0 14 -1 1.13 0.4 1.1 0.04 0.13 0.8SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 11 13.3 15 14.5 15 0 1.09 0.2 0.8 0.02 0.09 0.9WLN Woodland Stn 7 10.0 15 9.7 15 0 0.97 0.1 1.0 0.02 0.12 0.3GNBY Granite Bay Stn 12 11.5 16 12.3 15 -1 1.07 0.5 0.8 0.05 0.09 0.9SNH Sacramento-North Highla 10 12.0 15 12.0 13 -2 1.00 0.5 1.1 0.06 0.13 0.6
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-24 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

August 2, 2000 1-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 215 (08/02) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm)  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 138 12.1 15 12.6 16 1 1.04 0.2 1.4 0.04 0.17 0.5 Subregional Peak: 13.0 14 -1 1.07 (at 78 x123) NSte: ROC ; NSPk: 11.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 13 11.5 18 12.6 16 -2 1.10 -0.6 1.1 -0.06 0.11 0.8CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 13 11.6 18 11.0 16 -2 0.95 -0.3 0.9 -0.03 0.10 0.7DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 5 8.2 13 10.7 15 2 1.31 2.2 2.2 0.31 0.31 0.3ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 4 7.2 14 11.3 15 1 1.56 3.3 3.3 0.48 0.48 -0.1FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 8 11.1 15 10.6 18 3 0.96 -0.8 1.5 -0.09 0.19 0.7NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 7 9.6 14 11.2 16 2 1.17 1.3 1.7 0.18 0.25 0.3PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 15 9.5 17 8.6 17 0 0.90 -0.5 0.8 -0.06 0.10 0.7PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 4 8.8 14 10.4 16 2 1.19 2.0 2.0 0.26 0.26 -0.8ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 10 11.0 16 11.6 14 -2 1.05 0.4 0.9 0.05 0.10 0.7ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 9 11.2 15 11.4 13 -2 1.02 0.3 1.1 0.04 0.12 0.5S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 4 8.0 14 9.4 15 1 1.17 1.0 1.0 0.15 0.15 0.7SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 8 10.2 14 10.6 17 3 1.04 0.3 1.9 0.04 0.27 0.4SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 11 10.3 16 11.0 17 1 1.07 -0.8 1.4 -0.10 0.18 0.7WLN Woodland Stn 6 9.0 14 9.9 16 2 1.10 1.5 1.5 0.21 0.21 0.5GNBY Granite Bay Stn 13 12.1 15 10.8 18 3 0.89 -0.8 1.3 -0.09 0.15 0.8SNH Sacramento-North Highla 8 10.8 15 11.7 13 -2 1.08 1.3 1.5 0.16 0.18 0.6
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-25 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 29, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 211 (07/29) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 15 9.7 12 10.0 11 -1 1.03 -0.3 1.0 -0.02 0.11 -101.5 Subregional Peak: 10.4 12 0 1.07 (at 82 x114) NSte: SLU ; NSPk: 9.CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 1 9.4 11 7.7 12 1 0.81 -1.8 1.8 -0.19 0.19 DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 1 7.7 11 8.4 11 0 1.09 0.7 0.7 0.09 0.09 ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 1 6.4 12 8.2 12 0 1.28 1.8 1.8 0.28 0.28 FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 1 7.0 12 8.8 11 -1 1.26 1.8 1.8 0.26 0.26 NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 1 8.0 12 8.2 12 0 1.02 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.02 PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 1 9.7 12 8.2 12 0 0.84 -1.6 1.6 -0.16 0.16 PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 1 7.7 11 7.7 12 1 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 1 8.5 12 7.5 11 -1 0.88 -1.0 1.0 -0.12 0.12 ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 1 9.0 12 7.6 11 -1 0.84 -1.4 1.4 -0.16 0.16 S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 1 7.2 12 7.1 12 0 0.98 -0.1 0.1 -0.02 0.02 SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 1 9.2 12 8.4 11 -1 0.91 -0.8 0.8 -0.09 0.09 SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 1 9.6 12 10.0 11 -1 1.05 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.05 WLN Woodland Stn 1 8.1 11 8.1 11 0 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 GNBY Granite Bay Stn 1 9.7 12 8.0 11 -1 0.83 -1.7 1.7 -0.17 0.17 SNH Sacramento-North Highla 1 8.9 11 7.9 12 1 0.89 -0.9 0.9 -0.11 0.11 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-26 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 30, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 212 (07/30) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 15 9.3 11 10.7 12 1 1.15 0.8 1.0 0.12 0.13 -139.0 Subregional Peak: 11.3 12 1 1.21 (at 77 x117) NSte: SDP ; NSPk: 10.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 8.0 11 8.0 12 1 0.99 -0.1 0.1 -0.01 0.01 CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 1 8.7 11 8.5 12 1 0.98 -0.2 0.2 -0.02 0.02 DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 1 8.0 11 9.0 12 1 1.12 1.0 1.0 0.12 0.12 FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 1 6.6 12 10.0 12 0 1.52 3.4 3.4 0.52 0.52 NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 1 7.6 11 9.4 12 1 1.25 1.9 1.9 0.25 0.25 PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 1 8.6 15 8.8 12 -3 1.02 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 1 7.4 12 8.7 13 1 1.18 1.3 1.3 0.18 0.18 ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 1 7.9 11 8.3 12 1 1.05 0.4 0.4 0.05 0.05 ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 1 8.5 10 8.5 12 2 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 1 7.2 11 9.4 12 1 1.30 2.2 2.2 0.30 0.30 SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 1 9.3 11 10.7 12 1 1.15 1.4 1.4 0.15 0.15 SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 1 9.1 12 8.8 12 0 0.97 -0.3 0.3 -0.03 0.03 WLN Woodland Stn 1 7.3 11 8.3 12 1 1.15 1.1 1.1 0.15 0.15 GNBY Granite Bay Stn 1 9.2 11 9.0 12 1 0.97 -0.2 0.2 -0.03 0.03 SNH Sacramento-North Highla 1 8.1 12 8.8 12 0 1.09 0.7 0.7 0.09 0.09 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-27 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 31, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 213 (07/31) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 15 8.9 11 10.1 12 1 1.13 0.7 0.9 0.10 0.12 -128.7 Subregional Peak: 11.8 12 1 1.32 (at 81 x108) NSte: ELK ; NSPk: 10.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 8.2 13 7.5 11 -2 0.91 -0.7 0.7 -0.09 0.09 CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 1 8.9 11 7.9 11 0 0.88 -1.1 1.1 -0.12 0.12 DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 1 8.9 11 9.0 12 1 1.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 1 6.4 12 10.1 12 0 1.57 3.7 3.7 0.57 0.57 NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 1 7.6 11 8.3 11 0 1.09 0.7 0.7 0.09 0.09 PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 1 8.1 13 8.5 12 -1 1.06 0.5 0.5 0.06 0.06 PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 1 7.3 11 7.9 11 0 1.08 0.6 0.6 0.08 0.08 ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 1 7.3 11 8.2 12 1 1.13 1.0 1.0 0.13 0.13 ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 1 7.0 11 8.2 11 0 1.17 1.2 1.2 0.17 0.17 S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 1 7.4 12 7.9 11 -1 1.07 0.5 0.5 0.07 0.07 SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 1 7.4 12 8.6 11 -1 1.16 1.2 1.2 0.16 0.16 SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 1 8.3 12 10.1 12 0 1.22 1.8 1.8 0.22 0.22 WLN Woodland Stn 1 7.6 12 7.5 11 -1 0.98 -0.1 0.1 -0.02 0.02 GNBY Granite Bay Stn 1 8.0 11 8.3 11 0 1.04 0.3 0.3 0.04 0.04 SNH Sacramento-North Highla 1 7.7 10 8.2 11 1 1.06 0.5 0.5 0.06 0.06 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-28 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

August 1, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 214 (08/01) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 15 10.9 12 11.4 12 0 1.05 0.8 0.9 0.10 0.11 -105.2 Subregional Peak: 11.8 12 0 1.09 (at 80 x116) NSte: SLU ; NSPk: 11.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 9.5 12 9.5 12 0 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 1 9.9 13 9.3 12 -1 0.94 -0.6 0.6 -0.06 0.06 DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 1 8.1 9 9.0 11 2 1.11 0.9 0.9 0.11 0.11 ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 1 6.6 12 9.7 11 -1 1.48 3.2 3.2 0.48 0.48 NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 1 9.0 11 9.7 11 0 1.08 0.7 0.7 0.08 0.08 PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 1 8.9 14 8.6 13 -1 0.96 -0.3 0.3 -0.04 0.04 PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 1 9.3 12 9.4 11 -1 1.01 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 1 8.9 11 10.5 11 0 1.19 1.7 1.7 0.19 0.19 ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 1 9.3 11 10.7 11 0 1.16 1.5 1.5 0.16 0.16 S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 1 7.6 12 9.5 11 -1 1.25 1.9 1.9 0.25 0.25 SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 1 10.1 12 10.7 11 -1 1.07 0.7 0.7 0.07 0.07 SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 1 10.9 12 11.4 12 0 1.05 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.05 WLN Woodland Stn 1 8.4 12 8.7 11 -1 1.03 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.03 GNBY Granite Bay Stn 1 9.9 12 10.6 11 -1 1.07 0.7 0.7 0.07 0.07 SNH Sacramento-North Highla 1 10.0 12 10.5 11 -1 1.05 0.5 0.5 0.05 0.05 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-29 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

August 2, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Statistics were calculated for the 24-hour period of DOY 215 (08/02) 2000 Included were data-pairs with observed concentrations above a threshold of 6.0 (pphm); Averaged over 8 hours  ------- Peak Concentrations -------- --- Comparisons with Observations - Observed Predicted Time Peak Mean Mean Normalized Site Description No Value Time Value Time Lag Ratio Bias Error Bias Error (r) ---- ------------------------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----0006 SubRegion 16 10.7 12 10.5 12 0 0.98 0.9 1.2 0.13 0.17 -72.4 Subregional Peak: 10.8 12 0 1.00 (at 79 x124) NSte: ROC ; NSPk: 10.AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 1 10.7 12 10.5 12 0 0.98 -0.2 0.2 -0.02 0.02 CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 1 10.4 13 10.0 12 -1 0.97 -0.3 0.3 -0.03 0.03 DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 1 6.7 12 8.7 11 -1 1.30 2.0 2.0 0.30 0.30 ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 1 6.3 12 8.7 11 -1 1.39 2.4 2.4 0.39 0.39 FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 1 9.5 12 9.1 11 -1 0.96 -0.4 0.4 -0.04 0.04 NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 1 7.5 12 9.2 11 -1 1.24 1.8 1.8 0.24 0.24 PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 1 8.7 14 8.1 12 -2 0.92 -0.7 0.7 -0.08 0.08 PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 1 6.6 11 9.8 11 0 1.48 3.2 3.2 0.48 0.48 ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 1 9.8 11 10.2 11 0 1.04 0.4 0.4 0.04 0.04 ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 1 9.7 11 10.1 11 0 1.04 0.4 0.4 0.04 0.04 S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 1 6.3 13 8.4 11 -2 1.32 2.0 2.0 0.32 0.32 SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 1 8.0 12 9.2 11 -1 1.16 1.3 1.3 0.16 0.16 SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 1 9.1 12 8.8 11 -1 0.96 -0.4 0.4 -0.04 0.04 WLN Woodland Stn 1 7.0 12 8.8 11 -1 1.26 1.8 1.8 0.26 0.26 GNBY Granite Bay Stn 1 10.3 11 9.6 11 0 0.94 -0.6 0.6 -0.06 0.06 SNH Sacramento-North Highla 1 8.7 10 10.4 11 1 1.19 1.7 1.7 0.19 0.19 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix B: P

Table B-30 

Base Case Model Performance Evaluation for Individual Sites in Sacramento Region 

 July 29 - August 2, 2000 8-Hour Ozone 

 * * * Model Performance Evaluation * * *  Pollutant: O3 (pphm) Project: arb_050c_0700_00_camx Simulation ID: 050c Subregion 0006 Spatially Paired Average 8-Hour Concentrations above 6.0 pphm for DOY 211 through 215  Unpaired Subregional Maximum of 10.0 at Cell 78 x 117 -- Nearest Site: SDP  - - - - - - Observed - - - - - - - - - - - - Simulated - - - - - - Site Site Site DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY Site DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY DOY  ID Description Avg. 211 212 213 214 215 216 Avg. 211 212 213 214 215 216 ---- ------------------------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---  AUBD Auburn-Dewitt-C Avenue 9.1 -99.0 8.0 8.2 9.5 10.7 8.5 7.2 8.0 7.5 9.5 10.5  CUS Cool Stn (1400 American 9.5 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.9 10.4 8.7 7.7 8.5 7.9 9.3 10.0  DVS Davis/UCD Campus Stn 7.9 7.7 8.0 8.9 8.1 6.7 8.8 8.4 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.7  ELK Elk Grove Stn (Brucevil 6.4 6.4 5.0 6.4 6.6 6.3 9.1 8.2 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.7  FLN Folsom Stn (Natoma St.) 7.7 7.0 6.6 1.9-99.0 9.5 9.5 8.8 10.0 8.6 10.8 9.1  NAT Sacramento/Natoma Stn ( 7.9 8.0 7.6 7.6 9.0 7.5 9.0 8.2 9.4 8.3 9.7 9.2  PGN Placerville Stn (Gold N 8.8 9.7 8.6 8.1 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.2 8.8 8.5 8.6 8.1  PGV Pleasant Grove Stn (4 S 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.3 9.3 6.6 8.7 7.7 8.7 7.9 9.4 9.8  ROC Rocklin Stn (5000 Rockl 8.5 8.5 7.9 7.3 8.9 9.8 9.0 7.5 8.3 8.2 10.5 10.2  ROS Roseville Stn (151 N Su 8.7 9.0 8.5 7.0 9.3 9.7 9.0 7.6 8.5 8.2 10.7 10.1  S13 Sacramento Stn (1309 T 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.6 6.3 8.4 7.1 9.4 7.9 9.5 8.4  SDP Sacramento Stn (Del Pas 8.8 9.2 9.3 7.4 10.1 8.0 9.5 8.4 10.7 8.6 10.7 9.2  SLU Sloughouse Rd. Stn 9.4 9.6 9.1 8.3 10.9 9.1 9.8 10.0 8.8 10.1 11.4 8.8  WLN Woodland Stn 7.7 8.1 7.3 7.6 8.4 7.0 8.3 8.1 8.3 7.5 8.7 8.8  GNBY Granite Bay Stn 9.4 9.7 9.2 8.0 9.9 10.3 9.1 8.0 9.0 8.3 10.6 9.6  SNH Sacramento-North Highla 8.7 8.9 8.1 7.7 10.0 8.7 9.1 7.9 8.8 8.2 10.5 10.4 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-33 

Air Quality Modeling Results 

This section of Appendix B provides a summary of the air quality modeling analysis 

process and includes additional information and graphs on the air quality modeling 

results described in Chapters 6 and 8 of the main report. 

Air Quality Modeling Runs Performed

After the photochemical modeling base case episodes were shown to perform 

adequately, the modeling was used for assessing attainment of the federal ozone 

standard. First, the air quality model was run with 2002 baseline year emissions to 

provide baseline year ozone concentrations. Next, model runs with emissions forecasts 

(including ERCs and existing control strategies) for 2018 were conducted to estimate 

the future ozone concentrations. The relative decline between modeled baseline and 

future year ozone concentrations at each ozone nonattainment monitoring site was 

calculated. This relative reduction factor was applied to baseline ozone design values 

to predict a future ozone design value for each monitoring site and then compared to 

the federal ozone standard. Based on the photochemical modeling results, attainment 

was predicted at all ozone monitors in 2018, except for two sites (Cool and Folsom) 

located in the eastern part of the Sacramento region. Therefore, supplemental 

modeling runs were done to estimate the additional emission reductions needed to 

demonstrate attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS. 

Development of Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs

Systematic reductions in all anthropogenic VOC and/or NOx emissions were simulated 

to characterize the change in the resulting ozone concentrations. For each individual 

modeling run, domain-wide (including areas outside of the Sacramento nonattainment 

area) emissions for NOx-only, VOC-only, or both VOC and NOx are scaled by factors 

ranging from 100% to 80% in increments of 5%. As a result, forecasted ozone 

concentrations were determined for 25 different combinations of varying VOC and/or 

NOx emission reductions. For example, one modeling run scaled VOC emissions by 

95% and NOx emissions by 85%, and then another run scaled VOC emissions by 85% 

and NOx emissions by 95%. 

The forecasted ozone concentration data (in ppb) associated with each of the 25 

emission reduction modeling scenarios were used to calculate the future ozone design 

values, which were plotted on a graph for an individual monitoring site. These diagrams 

show the pattern of ozone responses to varying combinations in VOC and NOx 

emission reductions. This exercise was performed for the 2018 attainment 

demonstration year, and evaluated at each of the nonattainment air monitoring sites. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-34 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs for Peak Ozone Site and Other 

Nonattainment Sites

The 2018 ozone/emission reduction graph for the peak ozone site at Cool is provided in 

Figure B-1. The 2018 ozone/emission reduction graphs for other nonattainment ozone 

monitoring sites (Auburn, Colfax, Folsom, Grass Valley, North Highlands, Placerville, 

Roseville, Sacramento-Del Paso Manor, and Sloughhouse) in the Sacramento region 

are presented in Figures B-2 through B-10. See Figure B-11 for a map of the location of 

the ozone monitoring stations.

The graph for the peak ozone design value site in the Sacramento region will generally 

determine the extent of additional emission reductions needed for attainment. 

Some general conclusions can be drawn based on the 2018 modeling results of 

forecasted emissions and the additional across-the-board percent emission reduction 

scenarios. The air quality modeling analysis shows that attainment can be reached by 

2018 with different combinations of VOC and NOx control. The modeling results 

indicate that both VOC and NOx reductions provide ozone benefits in the Sacramento 

region, but on a ton for ton basis NOx reductions provide greater ozone benefits than 

VOC reductions. 

EPA modeling guidance states that the modeled attainment test is conducted using the 

predicted future ozone design value concentrations (truncated to whole ppb). All 

modeled ozone concentrations are truncated to integers for purposes of determining 

attainment. Following EPA guidance, for example, and truncating all numbers to the 

whole number, 84.99 would be truncated to 84 ppb. 

Figure B-1 contains the ozone and pollutant emission reduction graph for the 2018 peak 

ozone design value site at Cool in the Sacramento region. The x and y axes represent 

fractional emissions reductions from the forecasted 2018 planning emissions inventory 

(without new control measures): 121 tpd of ROG and 104 tpd of NOx. The whole 

numbers on the graph represent predicted ozone design value concentrations 

(truncated to whole ppb), based on modeling results for fractional VOC and NOx 

reductions at 5% increments. For example, the upper right corner truncated integer (88 

ppb) represents the predicted 2018 ozone design value at Cool with existing control 

strategies and no additional fractional emission reductions. 

Because planning commitments to specific emissions reduction projections may not be 

one of the exact modeled reduction scenarios reflected on the ozone/emission reduction 

graph, contours are drawn to estimate a continuum of reductions between the modeled 

points with the same ozone concentration (called isopleths). Because of the truncation 

policy, these contours would be more accurately characterized as bands, than lines. 

However, for simplicity the contours are drawn as lines. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-35 

The CARB modeling results for predicted ozone design value concentrations were 

provided to the districts as truncated integers at a resolution of 5% emission reduction 

increments. Therefore, in an effort to better characterize the ozone modeling results 

and the relative benefits of VOC and NOx emissions reduction strategies, District staff 

obtained ozone modeling output files which provided 5% increment modeled ozone 

values rounded to the tenth of a ppb. Staff interpolated whole ppb results to establish 

the ozone concentration contour lines in Figure B-1. The 85 ppb ozone contour line lies 

just below the CARB truncated 85 ppb concentrations and has a slope that illustrates 

the relative benefit of VOC strategies to NOx strategies. Looking at the relative ozone 

benefit from a 20 percent reduction in anthropogenic emissions of VOC and NOx 

suggests that overall a 1 ton per day reduction in NOx is equivalent to a 7 ton per day 

reduction in VOC. 

Attainment Demonstration Evaluation

Attainment of the 8-hour ozone NAAQS is evaluated for a 2018 “severe” classification 

scenario, based on modeling results for the peak ozone site (Cool) in the Sacramento 

region. The 2018 ozone/emission reduction graph for the peak ozone site at Cool 

(Figure B-1) shows the various combinations of percent emission reduction attainment 

levels below the 85 ppb contour line. There are any number of potential VOC and NOx 

reduction combinations that could provide for attainment. The combined reductions 

from new state and federal control measures and from new regional and local proposed 

control measures contained in this plan are used to assess future 2018 attainment. 

Attainment is evaluated for: 

1) the 2018 emission reductions from all new local, regional, state and federal control 

measure committals. The total benefits from all new measures are estimated to be 

14 tpd of VOC and 18 tpd of NOx in 2018. 

2) the 2018 emission reductions from only the new local, regional, state and federal 

control measures adopted by the end of 2008. The benefits from adopted new 

measures are estimated to be 4 tpd of VOC and 13 tpd of NOx in 2018. 

The total emission reductions from new measures already adopted by the end of 2008 

and expected future new measures are included in the 2018 attainment demonstration 

for the Sacramento area. These new control measures are included as a SIP 

commitment to meet the Clean Air Act and EPA requirements1

 for nonattainment areas 

to adopt all reasonably available control measures (RACM) and to attain the 1997 

federal 8-hour ozone standard as expeditiously as practicable. These measures will 

also provide a buffer in the event that CARB's estimate of emission reductions from the 

Cleaner In-Use Heavy Duty Trucks, are reduced due to changes in the final rule 

 

1

 CAA Section 172(c)(1) and Section 181(a)(1), and 40 CFR 51.912(d) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-36 

adopted December 11, 20082. However, these additional emission reductions from new 

measures expected to be adopted after 2008 are less certain and may change during 

the rule development process. Even though these future new committal measures are 

required for expeditious attainment, it is anticipated that attainment would be achieved 

by the 2018 deadline even if there is a reduction in their emission benefits. 

Attainment Demonstration Results

The combination of emission reductions from new control measures were converted to 

percent emission reductions of the forecasted 2018 planning emissions inventory 

(without new control measures): 121 tpd of ROG and 104 tpd of NOx. The combination 

of percent emission reductions was plotted on the graph in Figure B-1 to demonstrate 

attainment of the 1997 federal 8-hour ozone standard (84 ppb). Attainment 

demonstration results are given for: 

1) the 2018 emission reductions from all new local, regional, state and federal control 

measure committals (11.6% of VOC and 17.3% of NOx, designated at Point A). 

These reductions are more than the percent reduction attainment targets for 

attaining the 1997 federal 8-hour ozone standard by 2018, and so will provide 

reductions for accelerated progress. 

2) the 2018 emission reductions from only the new local, regional, state and federal 

control measures adopted by the end of 2008 (3.3% of VOC and 12.5% of NOx, 

designated at Point B). These levels also provide for attainment (just below the 85 

ppb ozone contour line). 

 

2

 This is considered to be unlikely since on December 17, 2008 CARB staff informed district staff that it 

does not anticipate a decrease in emission reduction estimates (personal communication Ravi 

Ramalingan to SIP working group.) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-37 

Figure B-1 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graph for the Cool Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

With RRFs, Offset = 40 ppb 

Ozone Design Values (ppb) 

0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00

ROG

0.80

0.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1.00

NOx

88

87

85

84

82

88

86

85

84

82

88

86

85

83

82

87

86

85

83

82

87

86

85

83

82

*A

*B

VOC

1. The upper right corner point designates the predicted 2018 peak ozone design value (88 ppb) based 

on the forecasted 2018 planning emissions inventory (without new control measures): 121 tpd of VOC 

and 104 tpd of NOx. 

2. The x and y axes represent fractional emissions reductions from the forecasted 2018 planning 

emissions inventory. 

3. The whole numbers on the graph represent predicted ozone design value concentrations (truncated to 

whole ppb), based on modeling results for fractional VOC and NOx reductions at 5% increments. 

Values below 85 ppb represent attainment of the federal 8-hour ozone standard. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-38 

4. The horizontal contour lines represent the District’s interpolated ppb 8-hour ozone concentrations 

based on 5% increment modeled ozone values rounded to the tenth of a ppb. 

5. Point A designates the 2018 emission reductions (11.6% VOC and 17.3% NOx) from all new local, 

regional, state and federal control measure committals, and provides for attainment. 

6. Point B designates the 2018 emission reductions (3.3% VOC and 12.5% NOx) from only the new local, 

regional, state and federal control measures adopted by the end of 2008. These levels also provide 

for attainment. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-39 

Figure B-2 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Auburn Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-40 

Figure B-3 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Colfax Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-41 

Figure B-4 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Folsom Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-42 

Figure B-5 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Grass Valley Monitoring Site* 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 

*Grass Valley monitoring site is outside the Sacramento nonattainment area, but is a nearby 

downwind site. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-43 

Figure B-6 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – North Highlands Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-44 

Figure B-7 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Placerville Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-45 

Figure B-8 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Roseville Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-46 

Figure B-9 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Sacramento DPM Monitor Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-47 

Figure B-10 

2018 Ozone/Emission Reduction Graphs – Sloughhouse Monitoring Site 

Based on Photochemical Modeling Results 

 2018 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix B: Photochemical Modeling 

Page B-48 

Figure B-11 

Sacramento Nonattainment Area 

Ozone Monitoring Stations

2008 Ozone Monitoring Sites (County)

Sacramento Nonattainment Area Sites 

1. Auburn (Placer Co.) 11. Sacramento – Airport Rd. (Sac. Co.)

2. Colfax (Placer Co.) 12. Sacramento – Del Paso Manor (Sac. Co.)

3. Cool (El Dorado Co.) 13. Sacramento – T Street (Sac. Co.)

4. Davis (Yolo Co.) 14. Sloughhouse (Sac. Co.)

5. Echo Summit (El Dorado Co.) 15. Vacaville (Solano Co.)

6. Elk Grove (Sac. Co.) 16. Woodland (Yolo Co.)

7. Folsom (Sac. Co.) 

8. North Highlands (Sac. Co.) Other Sites 

9. Placerville (El Dorado Co.) 17. Grass Valley* (Nevada Co.)

10. Roseville (Placer Co.) 18. Jackson** (Amador Co.)

 *Grass Valley site: 2007 ozone design value = 95 ppb, and modeling analysis is applied for 2018. 

**Jackson site informational only: 2007 ozone design value = 81 ppb, and modeling analysis is not applied.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix C: Proposed Control Measures 

Page C-1 

Appendix C: Proposed Control Measures 

Appendix C contains the more detailed descriptions of the proposed regional and local 

control measures for the Sacramento nonattainment area and is compiled as a separate 

document.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Table of Contents 

Page C-2 

Appendix C: Proposed Control Measures 

Appendix C contains a summary table of emission reductions by control measure and a 

summary table of emission reductions by air district. This appendix also includes more 

detailed information on the individual proposed control measures. The non-regulatory 

control measures are listed first and include various regional measures (on-road and 

off-road mobile incentive programs, and an emerging/voluntary urban forest 

development program). These are followed by the regulatory control measures, which 

include indirect source rules and a variety of stationary and area-wide source control 

measures. The stationary and area-wide source measures include write-ups for 

individual air districts in the Sacramento nonattainment area. The final section includes 

a description of further study measures. Information on transportation control measures 

is included in Appendix D. 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Control Measure ............................. C-5 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Air District ....................................... C-7 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions for Adopted New Local Control 

Measures................................................................................................ C-8 

NON-REGULATORY CONTROL MEASURES 

Regional Mobile Measures 

 All Mobile Source Incentive Programs............................................................ C-10 

Regional Urban Forest Control Measures 

 SMAQMD-1 Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program ........................ C-16

REGULATORY CONTROL MEASURES 

Indirect Source Rules 

 IS-1: Construction Mitigation .......................................................................... C-58

 IS-2: Operational Indirect Source .................................................................. C-62
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Table of Contents 

Page C-3 

Stationary and Area-wide Source Control Measures 

VOC Control Measures 

 Architectural Coatings .................................................................................... C-68 

 SMAQMD-442 

 EDCAQMD-215 

 FRAQMD-3.15 

 PCAPCD-218 

 YSAQMD-2.14 

 Automotive Refinishing................................................................................... C-92 

 SMAQMD-459 

 FRAQMD-3.19 

 PCAPCD-234 

 YSAQMD-2.26 

 Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning ....................................................................... C-102 

 SMAQMD-454/466 

 EDCAQMD-225/235 

 FRAQMD-3.14 

 YSAQMD-2.24/2.31 

 Graphic Arts.................................................................................................. C-112 

 YSAQMD-2.29 

 Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products...................................................... C-115 

 EDCAQMD-246 

 PCAPCD-CM3 

 Natural Gas Production and Processing....................................................... C-120 

 SMAQMD-461 

NOx Control Measures 

 Asphalt Concrete.......................................................................................... C-124 

 SMAQMD-471 

 PCAPCD-CM1 

 Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters........................................ C-129 

 YSAQMD-2.27 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Table of Contents 

Page C-4 

 IC Engines.................................................................................................... C-132 

 SMAQMD-412 

 FRAQMD-3.22 

 YSAQMD-2.32 

 Water Heaters .............................................................................................. C-140 

 SMAQMD-414 

 EDCAQMD-239 

 FRAQMD-3.23 

 PCAPCD-CM2 

 YSAQMD-2.37 

Further Study Measures 

 Urban Heat Island......................................................................................... C-153 

 Alternative Energy ........................................................................................ C-155 

 Energy Efficency........................................................................................... C-157 

Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II............................................................................. C-158 

 Lubricants..................................................................................................... C-161 

 Episodic Controls.......................................................................................... C-163 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Control Measure 

 Page C-5 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Control Measure 

Emission 

Reductions (TPD) 

2018 Measure Name 

VOC NOx

Non-regulatory Measures 

 

Regional Mobile Incentive Program – On-road 0.060 0.910 

Regional Mobile Incentive Program – Off-road 0.005 0.013 

Spare The Air Program 0.059 0.046 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures tbd tbd 

Urban Forest Development Program 0 - 0.18 - 

 

Total Non-regulatory Measures 0.12 0.97 

Regulatory Measures 

Indirect Source Rule – Construction Mitigation - 0.136 

Indirect Source Rule – Operational ISR 0–0.04 0-0.13 

 

Stationary and Area-wide Source Measures 

 

Architectural Coating 

SMAQMD-442 0.913 -

EDCAQMD-215 0.186 -

FRAQMD-3.15 0.004 -

PCAPCD-218 0.201 -

YSAQMD-2.14 0.214 -

Total Architectural Coating 1.52 

 

Automotive Refinishing 

SMAQMD-459 0.113 -

FRAQMD-3.19 0.001 -

PCAPCD-234 0.045 -

YSAQMD-2.26 0.058 -

Total Automotive Refinishing 0.22 

 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 

SMAQMD-454/466 0.593 -

EDCAQMD-225/235 0.076 -

FRAQMD-3.14 0.001 -

YSAQMD-2.24/2.31 0.762 -

Total Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 1.43 

 

Graphic Arts 

YSAQMD-2.29 --- -

Total Graphic Arts --- 

 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products 

EDCAQMD-246 0.002 -

PCAPCD-CM3 0.014 -
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Control Measure 

 Page C-6 

Emission 

Reductions (TPD) 

2018 Measure Name 

VOC NOx

Total Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products 0.02 

 

Natural Gas Production and Processing 

SMAQMD-461 0.116 -

Total Natural Gas Production and Processing 0.12 -

 

Asphalt Concrete 

SMAQMD-471 - 0.132

PCAPCD-CM1 - 0.036

Total Asphalt Concrete 0.17 

 

Boilers, Steam Gen. and Process Heaters 

YSAQMD-2.27 - 0.288

Total Boilers, Steam Gen. and Process Heaters 0.29 

 

IC Engines 

SMAQMD-412 - 0.013

FRAQMD-3.22 - 0.004

YSAQMD-2.32 - 0.118

Total IC Engines 0.14 

 

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers 

SMAQMD-414 - 1.117

EDCAQMD-239 - 0.003

FRAQMD-3.23 - 0.000

PCAPCD-CM2 - 0.030

YSAQMD-2.37 - 0.240

Total Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers 1.39 

 

Total Stationary and Area Source Measures 3.30 1.98 

 

Total Regulatory Measures 3.30 2.12 

 

Total Reductions 3.42 3.09 

tbd = to be determined 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Air District 

 Page C-7 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Air District 

Emission Reductions 

(TPD) Air District 

Control Measure Name (Rule No.) 2018 

 VOC NOx 

Stationary and Area Source Measures 

Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD 

Architectural Coating (SMAQMD-442) 0.913 -

Automotive Refinishing (SMAQMD-459) 0.113 -

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (SMAQMD-454/466) 0.593 -

Natural Gas Production and Processing (SMAQMD-461) 0.116 -

Asphalt Concrete (SMAQMD-471) - 0.132

IC Engines (SMAQMD-412) - 0.013

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers (SMAQMD-414) - 1.117

Total Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD 1.74 1.26

El Dorado County AQMD 

Architectural Coating (EDCAQMD-215) 0.186 -

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (EDCAQMD-225/235) 0.076 -

Misc. Metal Parts and Products (EDCAQMD-246) 0.002 -

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers (EDCAQMD-239) - 0.003

Total El Dorado County AQMD 0.26 0.00

Feather River AQMD 

Architectural Coating (FRAQMD-3.15) 0.004 -

Automotive Refinishing (FRAQMD-3.19) 0.001 -

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (FRAQMD-3.14) 0.001 -

IC Engines (FRAQMD-3.22) - 0.004

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers (FRAQMD-3.23) - 0.000

Total Feather River AQMD 0.01 0.00

Placer County APCD 

Architectural Coating (PCAPCD-218) 0.201 -

Automotive Refinishing (PCAPCD-234) 0.045 -

Misc. Metal Parts and Products (PCAPCD-CM3) 0.014 -

Asphalt Concrete (PCAPCD-CM1) - 0.036

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers (PCAPCD-CM2) - 0.030

Total Placer County APCD 0.26 0.07

Yolo-Solano AQMD 

Architectural Coating (YSAQMD-2.14) 0.214 -

Automotive Refinishing (YSAQMD-2.26) 0.058 -

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (YSAQMD-2.24/2.31) 0.762 -

Graphic Arts (YSAQMD-2.29) --- -

Boilers, Steam Gen. & Process Heaters (YSAQMD-2.27) - 0.288

IC Engines (YSAQMD-2.32) - 0.118

Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers (YSAQMD-2.37) - 0.240

Total Yolo-Solano AQMD 1.03 0.65

Total Stationary and Area-wide Source Measures 3.30 1.98
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Summary Table of Emission Reductions by Air District 

 Page C-8 

Summary Table of Emission Reductions for Adopted New Local Control Measures 

Emission Reductions 

(TPD) New Local Control Measures 

Adopted by End of 2008 2018 

Control Measures (Air District-Rule No.) VOC NOx

 

Automotive Refinishing (YSAQMD-2.26) 0.058 -- 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (SMAQMD-454/466) 0.593 -- 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning (YSAQMD-2.24/2.31) 0.762 -- 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (PCAPCD-CM3) 0.014 -- 

 

Total Adopted New Local Measures 1.43 -- 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Non-regulatory Control Measures 

 Page C-9 

Non-regulatory Control Measures 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-10 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: Regional Mobile Measures 

Control Measure Title: All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

Evaluation Date: July 29, 2008 

Control Measure Description

Mobile sources such as trucks, automobiles, trains, boats, construction and farm 

equipment are by far the largest sources of ozone precursors in the Sacramento 

nonattainment area. Included under this major source category are all non-stationary 

sources from lawn mowers to jumbo jets. The air districts do not have authority to 

directly regulate mobile source emissions through emission standards; however, the air 

district incentive programs (and indirect source rules) may complement state and 

federal regulatory efforts in reducing mobile source emissions. These regional mobile 

source incentive measures are implemented in all or parts of the Sacramento 

nonattainment area by the air districts. 

The estimated emission reductions from these proposed regional mobile incentive 

measures are summarized for all mobile source incentive programs and disaggregated 

by reductions for the on-road mobile and off-road mobile control measures. 

Because many of the incentive measures in the categories below target the same 

vehicles or engines, it is difficult to predict in advance what portion of the benefits 

should be assigned to each of the individual strategies. Therefore, the benefits from the 

collection of measures have been estimated, and all or any portion of the measures 

may be implemented to achieve those benefits. Some measures noted may likewise not 

be implemented if cost effective reductions are not available. However, for purposes of 

establishing motor vehicle emission budgets in each of the milestone years for 

transportation conformity, an explicit commitment is made to the reductions associated 

with the on-road mobile source incentive program. 

The incentive program measures noted below rely on funding provided according to 

existing laws and policies. The funding sources for 2008-2018 include SECAT program 

($38.4M), local district Department of Motor Vehicle fees ($13.0M), and local district 

revenues for Mowdown ($0.35M). 

Individual Measure Descriptions

Implement a variety of incentive programs for on-road vehicles and off-road equipment. The 

programs include: 

ONMS-LD-1 (ONMS-LD-2). Light Duty Early Retirement - Implement an incentive based 

light-duty vehicle early retirement program. The program is focused on accelerating retirement 

of non-OBD-II vehicles. 

ONMS-HD-1 (ONMS-HD-5). SECAT-Like Program - The measure implements an incentive 

program for NOx reduction in heavy-duty vehicles similar to that created by the Sacramento 

Emergency Clean Air Transportation (SECAT) program. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-11 

SMAQMD OFMS-SI-1. Zero Emission Lawn and Garden Incentive (Residential) - This 

measure implements a year-round continuous incentive program for the replacement of 

residential spark ignited gasoline-powered mowers with electric or zero emission alternatives in 

2008-2018. 

SMAQMD OFMS-HD-1. Off-road CI Incentive Program - This measure implements an 

incentive program for NOx reductions through aftertreatment retrofits, engine replacement and 

fleet modernization in off-road heavy-duty compression ignition (CI) equipment. 

Control Measure Funding and Sources

There are a number of funding sources available to the Sacramento region for reducing 

emissions. These funding sources include the Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards 

Attainment Program (Carl Moyer), the Sacramento Emergency Clean Air and Transportation 

Program (SECAT) and the Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program (GMERP). The 

California Air Resources Board (CARB) develops guidelines and provides the funding for the 

Moyer and GMERP Programs1

. The guidelines for the SECAT Program are developed by the 

Sacramento Air District (District) and approved by the boards of both the District and the 

Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG). The funding for the SECAT Program is 

provided by SACOG from federal transportation funds. The district also collects fees on vehicles 

registered in Sacramento County. Two dollars of that fee is used to fund local match for the 

Moyer Program and for funding school bus projects. The funding for the Electric Lawnmower 

Exchange Program (Mow Down Air Pollution) comes from fines collected from sources cited for 

permit violations. The table below summarizes these funding sources from 2008 to 2018. 

Description Funding Sources 

ONMS-LD-1 

ONMS-HD-1 

AB923 - $1,000,000 annually (’09-’14) 

SECAT - $3,200,000 annually (‘08-‘14); 

$4,000,000 annually (‘15-‘18)

OFMS-SI-1 

OFMS-HD-1 

DMV, AB923 – 

$1,000,000 annually (‘08-‘14) 

District revenues for Mowdown - 

$50,000 annually (‘08-‘14)

Targeted EIC Categories and Planning Inventory

The emissions reductions and percentages were also broken out for the on-road and off-road 

segments. On-road segments in EIC codes 710, 722, and 723. Off-road segments include EIC 

codes 860 and 870. The impact on various part of the EIC categories differ based on difference 

between old and new vehicle emissions rates. Evaporative EIC categories will have different 

percent effectiveness than exhaust categories. 

 

1

 We have assumed that the ARB will take credit for all Moyer and GMERP emission reductions so no District Moyer 

or GMERP funding or emissions were included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-12 

Nonattainment Planning Inventory EIC 2011 2014 2017 2018 

Code EIC Description NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

710 LIGHT DUTY 

PASSENGER (LDA) 

7.93 12.24 5.89 9.44 4.49 7.73 4.16 7.27 

722 LIGHT DUTY 

TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 

3.37 4.50 2.64 3.69 2.02 3.07 1.82 2.89 

723 LIGHT DUTY 

TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 

7.14 7.08 5.74 6.38 4.65 5.86 4.36 5.72 

744 

MEDIUM HEAVY 

DUTY DIESEL 

TRUCKS (MHDV) 

8.51 0.20 6.55 0.19 5.01 0.17 4.60 0.16 

746 

HEAVY HEAVY 

DUTY DIESEL 

TRUCKS (HHDV) 

34.28 2.86 25.77 2.29 19.38 1.86 17.77 1.73 

860 OFF-ROAD 

EQUIPMENT 

21.43 10.17 18.53 8.94 15.28 7.98 14.33 7.74 

870 AGRICULTURAL 

EQUIPMENT 

9.05 1.82 7.35 1.41 5.81 1.09 5.33 0.99 

Total 91.71 38.86 72.47 32.34 56.65 27.75 52.36 26.49 

Sacramento NAA Inventory with ARB’s Private Truck and Off-Road Fleet Rules 

The targeted inventory baselines have been adjusted to reflect the impact of ARB’s On-road 

Private Truck and Off-Road Fleet Rules. Based on ARB’s State Implementation Plan Chapter 5 

“Proposed New SIP Measures” reduction percentages were estimated using an average 

percentage reduction from the South Coast and the San Joaquin Valley estimates and then 

applying these estimates to the targeted inventory. These reductions where assumed to be 

achieved through the new ARB regulations which included both Moyer and GMERP incentive 

funding. 

Nonattainment Planning Inventory (Adjusted) EIC 2011 2014 2017 2018 

Code EIC Description NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

NOx 

(tpd) 

ROG 

(tpd) 

710 LIGHT DUTY 

PASSENGER (LDA) 

7.93 12.24 5.89 9.44 4.49 7.73 4.16 7.27 

722 LIGHT DUTY 

TRUCKS - 1 (LDT1) 

3.37 4.50 2.64 3.69 2.02 3.07 1.82 2.89 

723 LIGHT DUTY 

TRUCKS - 2 (LDT2) 

7.14 7.08 5.74 6.38 4.65 5.86 4.36 5.72 

744 

MEDIUM HEAVY 

DUTY DIESEL 

TRUCKS (MHDV) 

7.22 0.16 4.03 0.09 3.16 0.09 2.93 0.09 

746 

HEAVY HEAVY 

DUTY DIESEL 

TRUCKS (HHDV) 

29.09 2.25 15.84 1.14 12.24 1.03 11.34 1.00 

860 OFF-ROAD 

EQUIPMENT 

21.04 10.06 16.98 8.49 13.13 7.52 11.96 7.28 

870 AGRICULTURAL 

EQUIPMENT 

9.05 1.82 7.35 1.41 5.81 1.09 5.33 0.99 

Total 84.83 38.10 58.46 30.65 45.50 26.39 41.91 25.23 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-13 

Emission Reductions

The emission reductions are based on a variety of actions taken for all on- and off-road 

applications. The table below provides aggregate emission reductions and percentages for all 

milestone years and the compliance year 2018. 

Total

NOx ROG Year Tpd % Tpd % 

2011 0.940 1.11% 0.192 0.50%

2014 0.926 1.58% 0.192 0.63%

2017 0.931 2.05% 0.086 0.33%

2018 0.923 2.20% 0.066 0.26%

On-road Measures

NOx ROG Year Tpd % Tpd % 

2011 0.726 1.33% 0.157 0.60%

2014 0.821 2.41% 0.151 0.73%

2017 0.900 3.39% 0.074 0.42%

2018 0.910 3.70% 0.060 0.36%

Off-road Measures

NOx ROG Year Tpd % Tpd % 

2011 0.214 0.71% 0.035 0.29%

2014 0.105 0.43% 0.041 0.41%

2017 0.031 0.17% 0.012 0.14%

2018 0.013 0.07% 0.005 0.06%

Needed Resources and Authority:

Potential Implementing 

Agency 

Agency 

Type Authority Origin 

Air Districts Regional 

All Air Districts: California Health and Safety Code 44299.50-

44299.55 

SMAQMD Only: California Health and Safety Code 41014, 

41062, 41081, 41082, 

Other Air Districts: California Health and Safety Code: 44220 

et. seq. 

References:

ONMS-LD-1: 

TIAX. “Revised Scrappage Memo.” Memo to SMAQMD staff. May 2005. 

Bureau of Automotive Repair Website: www.smogcheck.ca.gov. 

Bay Area Air Quality Management District Website: www.baaqmd.gov

Bay Area Air Quality Management District Vehicle Buy Back Program Annual Report, July 1, 

2004 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-14 

Consumer Assistance Program (CAP) Background Information Fact Sheet 

(http://www.breatheeasier.ca.gov/be_capbackground.pdf) 

Consumer Assistance Program (CAP) retirement application 

(http://smogcheck.ca.gov/ftp/pdfforms/cap_app.pdf) 

Vanessa Mongeon, Vehicle Buy Back program manger, BAAQMD. 

ONMS-HD-1: 

 “Currently Verified Technologies”, California Air Resources Board, 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/verifiedtechnologies/cvt.htm, accessed on 6 July 2006. 

Johnson-Matthey EGRT Data Sheet, accessed at http://ect.jmcatalysts.com/pdf/EGRT.pdf on 7 

July 2006. 

Cleaire website, accessed at http://www.cleaire.com/ on 7 July 2006. 

Appendix C: Cost Effectiveness Methodology, Public Fleet Rule, ARB. 

Bureau of Economic, Analysis, US Department of Commerce. 

http://www.bea.gov/bea/an/0797fr/table3.htm. 

“SECAT Fast Track Request 6/28/06” (e-mail), Mike Neuenberg, 28 June 2006. 

SCRT System Diesel Retrofit Emissions Control Solutions, Johnson Matthey website, accessed 

17 July 2007, www.jmcatalysts.com 

“Proposed New SIP Measures – Descriptions” Chapter 5, 2007 State Implementation Plan, 

CARB, April 26, 2007 -- http://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/2007sip/2007sip.htm

“The Carl Moyer Guidelines, Proposed 2008 Revisions “, adopted March 27, 2008 -- 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/2008guideline_updates.htm

OFMS-HD-1: 

“Currently Verified Technologies”, California Air Resources Board, 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/verifiedtechnologies/cvt.htm, accessed on 6 July 2006. 

US EPA letter, 3 December 2004, http://enginecontrolsystems.com/pdf/verif_letter-ecs2.pdf, 

accessed on 10 July 2006. 

Bureau of Economic, Analysis, US Department of Commerce. 

http://www.bea.gov/bea/an/0797fr/table3.htm. 

Electronic communication, Richard Carlson, 19 July 2006. 

“Off-road Construction Equipment Diesel Emission Reduction Technologies, Tier 1-4 

Implementation Schedule” 

TIAX. Presentation to CAPCOA Workshop, July 2004. 

“Public Workshop to Discuss Diesel Off-Road Equipment Measure”, California Air Resources 

Board presentation, 24 January 2006. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

All Mobile Source Incentive Programs 

 Page C-15 

CARB's mail-out # 99-32, Appendix B. 

“Rulemaking to Consider the Final Adoption of a Proposed Regulation For In-Use Off-road 

Diesel Vehicles”, CARB April 6, 2007 – 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2007/ordiesl07/ordiesl07.htm 

“Proposed New SIP Measures – Descriptions” Chapter 5, 2007 State Implementation Plan, 

CARB, April 26, 2007 -- http://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/2007sip/2007sip.htm 

OFMS-SI-1: 

“Report to the Board on the Potential Electrification Programs for Small Off-Road Engines”, ARB 

Staff Report, 2 April 2004. 

Lifetime considerations. Charlene McGhee, SMAQMD. (Mow Down Air Pollution Control Studies 

through 2007) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-16

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD-1 

Control Measure Title: Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Control Measure Summary

The regional urban forest is populated by 7 million trees from over 100 different species. Each 

of these tree species can be categorized as low, medium, and high biogenic volatile organic 

compound (BVOC) emitting trees. Currently, 61% of the trees are considered as low emitting 

trees, 28% as medium emitting trees, and 11% as high emitting trees. This control measure 

proposes a targeted urban forest management program to reduce total urban forest BVOC 

emissions1

 by favoring the planting of low emitting trees rather than medium and high emitting 

trees in the next 10 years2

Through a combination of community education and governmental policy change over the next 

10 years, this control measure calls for a minimum 390,000 low emitting trees to be planted that 

otherwise would have been medium or high emitting trees. This tree planting strategy change 

will reduce BVOC emissions by up to 0.84 tpd. The total estimated project cost is $1.71 million. 

Although the duration of the project is 10 years, the actual benefit will last many years. To be 

conservative we assume a 25 years planning period and the cost effectiveness of the BVOC 

reduction is $1,291 per ton or $0.65 per pound. 

Control Measure Description

Our region, which includes the Sacramento Federal Ozone Nonattainment Area, has succeeded 

in creating a renowned urban forest. Our forest evolved over many years, with each generation 

of our community adding trees that met the needs of their day. In earlier years, urban trees were 

planted for comfort cooling and public health benefits. More recently, the Sacramento Municipal 

Utility District (SMUD) has invested millions of dollars in the strategic planting of an energysaving urban forest. Today we have a pressing need to improve the purity of the region’s air. 

While our urban trees make a major contribution to air quality, they were not planted with this in 

mind and so do not do as much as they could. 

We enjoy the benefits of 7 million trees in the urban areas of our region. These trees shade 

between 12% and 14% of our urban area (McPherson 1998 and STF UFORE 2007). The 

variety of threats that urban trees confront (mortality, diseases, and natural disasters) reduces 

their average life to 40 years. Consequently, just to maintain our current canopy level, the region 

will collectively need to plant 1.75 million replacement trees over the next 10 years. To optimize 

the benefits of these trees for air quality, care must be taken to select trees that will not only 

grow well in Sacramento’s climate but that will also emit low levels of BVOCs. 

 

1

 BVOC emissions from trees largely consist of isoprene, monoterpenes, and methlybutenol (MBO) 

However a host of other compounds are emitted in smaller quantities, referred to here as other VOCs 

(OVOCs). No MBO emissions were assumed since they only occur only with a few species of pine not 

used. The approach are similar to that used by the California Air Resources Board to account for OVOCs 

(Klaus Scott, Emission Inventory Analysis Section, personal communication, 7/28/2006), which is to 

estimate OVOCs as 30% of the total emissions of isoprene + monoterpenes + MBO. More information in 

the Phase 1a report (Simpson 2007) 

2

 STF is currently working on providing tree lists for each emitter category for different jurisdictions and 

will be provided by SIP submittal date to EPA. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-17

Historically, the trees planted in our region have been 61% low-emitting and 39% high/mediumemitting trees (Simpson 2007). This traditional tree selection, defined as the ‘current mix,’ 

determines the emission profile for the current urban forest. By emphasizing low-emitter planting 

without considering the additional urban growth in the next 10 years, this control measure will at 

minimum change the future mix to be 66% low-emitting and 34% high/medium-emitting trees. 

To achieve this change, the control measure proposes an education program for community 

and landscape industry leaders in conjunction with local government policy changes. The 

planting assumptions are spelled out in the References of this measure (McPherson 1998, 

Simpson 2006, Simpson 2007). 

Four groups within our region--local governments, community groups, property owners, and 

developers, either by themselves or through their landscapers—plant almost all trees. Local 

governments plant trees directly on land they control, such as parks or streets. Through the 

ordinances and policies that they create, local government also influence the planting of a great 

many more trees. The development community plants a large number of trees for this reason. 

Six tree non-profits in our region are major tree planters and a large number of community 

service groups occasionally host tree-planting projects. Private property owners, apart from any 

activities of the not-for-profits or local governments, are significant tree planters. 

One of the requirements of a SIP control measure is that the emission reductions be verified. 

This requirement presents a special challenge for a tree measure. Tree planting is broadly 

dispersed and undertaken by a large number of individuals and organizations. There are few 

reporting mechanisms and almost no tracking requirements. It is not possible today to predict 

who specifically will plant the millions of trees we will need or where they will be planted. It is 

infeasible to strictly account for each tree planted and then to verify the planting and survival of 

a statistically valid number of individual trees. These difficulties in quantification have historically 

kept trees out of air quality attainment plans. 

In September 2004, USEPA issued guidance giving states the opportunity to include a small 

number of projects that do not have the same high level of certainty as traditional control 

measures (USEPA 2004). Tree planting measure is specifically included as an option under this 

policy. The policy guidance is clear that these non-traditional, voluntary measure, or emerging 

measures, as they have become known, still require verification and tracking with best 

information systems available. This is consistent with EPA policy1

 for incorporating emerging 

and voluntary measures in a SIP but limiting the amount of emission reductions allowed due to 

the uncertainty and untested nature of the control mechanisms. For total emerging and 

voluntary measures, EPA has adopted a presumptive limit2,3 of 6 percent of the total amount of 

emission reductions necessary to demonstrate attainment. For this region, the 6% level limits 

this measure to 0.18 tpd of VOC reductions. A detailed calculation of claimable emission 

reductions is described in Appendix 9. 

To meet the verification requirement, the Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program will 

use a system of field surveys to measure actual planting activity, tree survival and growth. This 

survey system is named the Urban Forest Effects model (UFORE) and was developed by the 

US Forest Service. When this survey system is employed, sample plots are established 

 

1

 “Incorporating Emerging and Voluntary Measures in a State Implementation Plan (SIP)” (OAQPS, EPA, 

September 2004). 

2

 Ibid., p. 9. 

3

 The limit is presumptive in that the USEPA believes it may approve measure into a SIP in excess of the 

presumptive 6 percent where a clear and convincing justification is made by the State for a higher limit. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-18

throughout the urban forest and detailed information is collected that can be used to 

characterize the entire forest. Periodic re-sampling at milestone years will track urban forest 

changes during the life of the project and demonstrate that low emitting trees are planted at a 

higher rate. In addition to the UFORE system, the Urban Forest Air Quality Program will ask 

participating jurisdictions and retailers to keep a comprehensive database of any tree planting or 

tree sales through 2018. This will aid in quantifying and verifying planting efforts in the region 

and supplement the UFORE survey results. A more detailed description of the UFORE system 

and how the tree database will aid if jurisdictions meet planting goals is presented in 

Appendices 4, 5 and 6 of this measure. 

At least one and perhaps several agencies and organizations will be responsible for the timely 

completion of the activities of the control measure. In this measure, local governments will 

formally guarantee by resolution the tree species composition changes needed to complete this 

measure. 

Emissions estimating and validation

To calculate emissions reductions, forest canopy emissions were estimated in two ways. The 

first estimate is derived from the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. In the BAU scenario, we 

assumed that the current urban forest—its species and size distribution of trees--would be 

maintained and planted between now and 2018. The second estimate is the control measure 

scenario (CMS). To create the CMS, we changed the mix of tree species planted to favor lower 

emitting trees over higher emitting trees and recalculated emissions. The emission reduction 

claim of the control measure is the difference between these two scenarios. 

The reduction calculation requires much more detail, beginning with the business-as-usual 

scenario. We had to contend with a variety of issues. The existing forest continues to grow and 

expand. Trees are planted and die. Smaller trees have different effects than larger trees. Each 

species of tree has a different effect on air quality. The urbanized area of the region continues to 

expand into undeveloped areas. During this transformation, pre-development trees are often 

replaced with very different urban trees. At first, the canopy cover of urbanizing areas often 

drops as land is cleared for development but soon young trees grow to create a much greater 

cover. 

To address these issues, the Sacramento Urban Forest Ecosystem Study (McPherson, 1998) 

and the Benefit Cost Analysis of Modesto’s Municipal Urban Forest (McPherson et al, 1999) 

were used to characterize current regional urban forest. These studies conclude that the 

regional canopy is 14% in developed areas and 5% in undeveloped areas slated for 

development. Tree species, size, age and health distributions documented in these studies 

were applied to the Sacramento region’s canopy coverage figures to characterize the current 

urban forest. To estimate the business-as-usual canopy of 2018, the same ratios were applied 

to the future forest. As the community expands, as trees are planted and as they grow, the BAU 

scenario assumes that emitter category distribution of the urban forest remains constant. 

Calculating the actual BVOC emissions of the current and projected urban forests is not 

straightforward. Of the hundreds of species of trees that exist in the Sacramento region, only 

handfuls have had their emissions measured. Biogenic VOC emissions are species-specific, 

and strongly dependent on the amount of leaf mass and environmental conditions such as 

available sunlight. Field sampling has found large variation in BVOC emissions for a particular 

species of tree from region-to-region, day-to-day and even hour-to-hour. To simplify the 

calculation and create a manageable data set for analysis, the 100+ tree species present in the 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-19

Sacramento regional urban forest were consolidated into eleven categories or families that have 

reasonably well-known emission profiles. Total emissions were then calculated considering the 

number and size of these trees today and in 2018 (Simpson, McPherson, 2007). 

The CMS was created using the same base studies and assumptions used in the BAU scenario 

with one key difference. Since there are 7 million trees in the urban forest (61% low emitters, 

28% medium, and 11% high emitters), approximately 1.75 million trees will be planted to 

replace trees that die. The BAU scenario assumes that replacements trees will follow the 

current mix profile. The initial study (Simpson 2007) of the control measure estimated that 1.75 

million trees will be needed to be replaced over the next 10 years to maintain the current tree 

canopy cover due to the natural death of trees, tree diseases, or natural disasters. Preliminary 

photochemical modeling indicated that a total of 12tpd of VOC emissions was needed to 

demonstrate attainment in 2018. This established the limit of claimable reductions of 0.84tpd 1

Therefore it was determined that the minimum number of trees needed to be diverted from the 

number of 1.75 million replacement trees would be 390,000. Any future trees planted in the 

region using the CMS tree species profile will secure the emission reductions claimed in this 

control measure. 

In addition to tree replacement, new trees will be planted in the new developed areas to 

maintain the region’s traditional urban tree canopy cover in the urban area; these may include 

both suburbs and in-fills. However, there is a degree of uncertainty on the number of additional 

trees that will be planted in the Sacramento Region for the next 10 years, so the total number of 

trees in 2018 will be variable (n2018). These figures are summarized in Table 2. 

 

1

 EPA has a presumptive limit of 6% of the total amount of emission reduction necessary to achieve the 

planning requirement for attainment demonstration purposes. The 0.84 was based on preliminary 

modeling results. Final modeling and claimable reduction calculation details are provided in Appendix 9. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-20

Table 1: 2018 Business-as-usual forest populations

2018 Business-as-usual forest canopy 

Tree to maintain target urban tree canopy 

Units: millions Low emitting trees Medium Emitting trees High emitting trees Total 

Trees 

(1) 2008 trees 

remaining in 

2018 

3.20 1.47 0.58 5.25 

(2) 

Replacement 

Trees 

1.07 0.48 0.20 1.75 

(3) New Trees 0.61(n2018-7) 0.28(n2018-7) 0.11(n2018-7) N2018-7 

(4) Resulting 

Total 0.61n2018 0.28n2018 0.11n2018 n2018

Table 2: Control measure results anticipated in 20181

2018 Control Measure Scenario 

Trees to maintain target urban tree canopy 

Units: 

millions Low emitting trees Medium Emitting trees High emitting trees Total 

Trees 

(1) 2008 

trees 

remaining in 

2018 

3.20 (61%) 1.47 (28%) 0.58 (11%) 5.25 

(100%)

(2) 

Replacement 

Trees 

1.45 (83%) 0.21 (12%) 0.09 (5%) 1.75 

(100%)

(3) New 

Trees (n2018-7)×83% (83%) (n2018-7)×12% (12%) (n2018-7)×5% (5%) N2018-7 

(4) Resulting 

Total 0.83n2018-1.16 0.12n2018+0.84 0.05n2018+0.32 n2018

(5) Emission 

category, all 

2018 trees 

100%

n

0.83n 1.16

2018

2018 × − 100%

n

0.12n 0.84

2018

2018 × + 100%

n

0.05n 0.32

2018

2018 × +

100% 

For discussion purposes, these trees are moved from high and medium emitter category to a 

low emitter category and are defined as ‘diverted trees2

.’ Table 3 summarizes this change. 

 

1

 n2018 is the total number of trees in the Sacramento Region in 2018. 2

 Diverted Trees are a subset of Replacement Trees. Trees that are moved from high and medium emitter 

category to a low emitter category. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-21

Table 3: Comparison of tree planting results in different scenarios

Units: millions Low emitting trees Medium Emitting 

trees High emitting trees Total Trees 

BAU tree plantings 

(Minimum # of 

trees) 

1.07 0.48 0.20 1.75 

CMS tree plantings 

(Minimum # of 

trees) 

1.45 0.21 0.09 1.75 

Diverted trees 0.39 -0.28 -0.11 0.00 

The emission reduction claim of this control measure is entirely the result of the lowered 

emission rates of 390,000 diverted trees. By 2018, the urban forest control measure is expected 

to reduce BVOC emissions by at least 0.84 tpd.

Table 4: Summary of emission reduction estimation

Emission Reduction Estimate 

Units: millions Low emitting trees Medium Emitting trees High emitting trees Total Trees 

Business As 

Usual (BAU) 0.61n2018 0.28n2018 0.11n2018 n2018

Control Measure 

Scenario (CMS) n2018,low_emitter n2018,medium_emitter n2018,high_emitter n2018

Difference in 

number of trees 

between BAU 

and CMS 

Δlow_emitter=0.61n2018-

n2018,low emitter

Δmedium_emitter=0.28n2018-

n2018,medium_emitter

Δhigh_emitter=0.11n2018-

n2018,high_emitter

Emission factor1

(grams/tree/day) 0.24 1.32 4.44 

Emission 

changes 

(grams/day) 

ΔE1=0.24×Δlow_emitter ΔE2=1.32×Δmedium_emitter ΔE3=4.44×Δhigh_emitter

ΔE1+ 

ΔE2+ΔE3

Again, the actual number of trees in 2018 is assumed to be n2018. Emission per tree per day is 

the product of emission rate, leaf weight, and hours of emission per day. Conservative values 

assumed for the emission rates are 1, 6, and 19 for low, medium, high emitters respectively. 

These emission rates are the averages of the trees from the analysis performed by Simpson 

and McPherson 2006 and 2007. Low emitters are defined at 1 or less, medium 1-10, and high is 

anything over 10. The unit of the emission rate is micrograms per gram leaf per hour. The leaf 

 

1

 Emission rates of 1,6, and 19μg per gram dry leaf weight per hour for low, medium, and high emitters 

respectively were conservative estimates which used a weighted average based on the species present 

from the 2007 UFORE study, emissions for the species in the region, and a study by Benjamin 1995, 

Benjamin 1997, . These emission rates are then multiplied by the estimated 40kg of dry leaf weight and 

6 hours per day of emissions. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-22

weight1 is assumed to be on average 40 kg per tree and the hour of emission per day is 6 hours. 

The net benefit of a tree moved to a lower emission category can be represented with the 

following equation: 

] day tree

tons Emission Change [ ⋅

= ⎥

⎦

⎤ ⎢

⎣

⎡ × ⋅ grams

tons

907,185

1 ] day treegrams Emission Change [

= ⎥

⎦

⎤ ⎢

⎣

⎡ × ∑ ⋅ = grams

tons

907,185

1 ] day treegrams Emission Change [

high emitter

medium emitter,

i low emitter,

i

= ( ) ⎥

⎦

⎤ ⎢

⎣

⎡ ×

⎥

⎥

⎦

⎤

⎢

⎢

⎣

⎡

⎥

⎦

⎤ ⎢

⎣

⎡

⋅ ∑ − ×

= grams

tons

907,185

1

tree day

grams # of trees inBAU # of trees in CMS Emission Factor

high emitter

medium emitter,

i low emitter,

i i i

Table 4 is a representation of the modeling effort used to calculate the benefits of this control 

measure. It is presented as an aid to understanding the key changes that will be created by this 

control measure. The actual analysis supports the conclusions which also takes into account the 

air temperature relationships to BVOC performed by Jim Simpson and Greg McPherson of the 

US Forest Service Center for Urban Forest Research (CUFR). For a detailed explanation of the 

development of these claims, please refer to Simpson and McPherson 2006 and 2007. 

 

1 Leaf weight is used rather than the typical Leaf area index (LAI) used for emission from vegetation. The 

flux of a BVOC (μg hr-1 m-2 [land surface area]) from a vegetative canopy is often expressed as a function 

of its emission factor (μg g-1 [dry leaf weight] hr-1) and foliar density (g [dry leaf weight] m-2 [land surface 

area]. Alternatively, foliar density can be replaced with the product of species specific leaf weight (SLW, g 

[dry leaf weight] m-2 leaf area) and LAI (m-2 leaf area/ m-2 land area) in the flux equation, as done in the 

Biogenic Emission Inventory GIS (BEIGIS) model developed by the California Air Resources Board. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-23

Table 5: Planning Emission Inventory and Emission Reductions

 2002 2007 2018 

Planning emission 

inventory (tpd) for 

BAU Case 

69 75 83 

Planning emission 

inventory (tpd) for 

CMS Case 

69 75 82 

Emission Reduction 

(tpd) 0.00 0.00 0.841

Table 5 is the planning emission inventory and the emission reductions benefits from the tree 

program. The Business-As-Usual case would yield a VOC inventory of 83tpd, while the Control 

Measure Scenario with the emission reductions of 0.84tpd from the tree program will result in 

82tpd of VOC. Although it may seem as though BVOC emissions has increased from 2002 to 

2018, the increase in emissions is due to the natural growth of the urban forest and the 

appropriate comparison is between the planning inventory between the BAU case and the CMS 

case. 

Other Air Quality Benefits

It is noteworthy that the benefits of trees planted under this control measure will not cease after 

the completion of the project. Trees will continue to grow and with each year create larger 

emission reductions. Also of note, this analysis only examines one aspect of trees, BVOC 

emissions, because the emissions are quantifiable by the most current science. Trees affect air 

chemistry in many direct and indirect ways: pollutant absorption, temperature reduction, carbon 

sequestration, and particle scrubbing. These are significant benefits of the urban forest. 

Unfortunately, scientific understanding of these tree effects is not sufficient to include them in 

the air quality attainment plan at this time. As the science evolves, we can look forward to trees 

playing an increasingly vital part of our region’s air quality attainment plans. The current 

estimation of the NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) air quality benefits is 0.048 tpd, Ozone absorption is 

0.2tpd, and Particulate Matter2

 (PM) emission reduction is 0.24 tpd, which does not currently 

include avoided evaporative emissions from cooling vehicles. Until the scientific understanding 

of the NOx, direct Ozone absorption and PM affects of trees becomes more complete, this 

control measure is only taking the BVOC reduction claim. 

 

1

 This control measure is considered as an emerging and voluntary measure. The USEPA set a percent 

limitation of 6% for the emerging and voluntary measure emission reduction claims. Therefore, the 

maximum emissions reduction claim of the urban forest measure is 0.18 tpd. Appendix 9 shows the 

detailed calculation for the percentage limitation of this control measure. The range for emission 

reductions for this control measure is 0-0.18 tpd. Because the measure requires commitments that have 

not been secured the minimum benefit is 0 if no jurisdictions commit. 

2

 Particulate Matter, also known as particle pollution or PM, is a complex mixture of extremely small 

particles and liquid droplets. Particle pollution is made up of a number of components, including acids 

(such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-24

Adoption year:

2009. This control measure relies on commitments from local jurisdictions. SMAQMD is working 

with the STF to identify the jurisdictions in the region that are interested in making this 

commitment and to secure their approval. The final plan will identify the jurisdictions and the 

adoption schedule. Currently STF anticipates several counties and cities in the region will adopt 

an air quality friendly tree list which should help the region achieve emission reductions from the 

tree measure. The minimum emission benefits are set at 0 if no jurisdictions approve a formal 

commitment as required by EPA guidance. 

Implementation year:

Planting began in 2008 and will continue through 2018. The urban forest tree compositions and 

profile are presented in the Appendix 1 of this control measure as reference. 

Cost Effectiveness

Based only on BVOC reductions, the cost effectiveness of the measure is $1,291 per ton or 

$0.65 per pound. The derivation of this value is explained in Appendix 2. 

Authority

This project will rely on the general police power of cities and counties to adopt policies and 

ordinances that are not in conflict with general laws and that are for the protection of the general 

welfare (Cal. Const. art X1, section 7.) Under this measure, each jurisdiction will create a list of 

preferred low emitting trees and commit to a total number of trees by resolution and encourage 

tree planting by developers or municipalities to trees on that list to be diverted to the low 

emitting category. The sum of all diverted trees by all jurisdictions will total more than 390,000. 

A sample report and resolution are included in Appendix 3. 

Funding

The Sacramento Tree Foundation (STF) will be the lead organization responsible for 

accomplishing the goals of this control measure. STF has been in the tree business for 26 years 

and has an annual budget of $2.7 million. The Sacramento Tree Foundation receives its funding 

from membership, partner agencies, grants and stipends, and private donations. STF efforts 

have grown steadily over the years and there is every expectation that it will continue to grow in 

the foreseeable future. STF intends to seek grant funding to complete this project but will use 

existing resources from its operations if no additional funding can be secured. The estimated 

budget for the project is $1.71 million during the next 10 years, about $171,000 per year. In STF 

current operations, they dedicate $475,000 per year to various education projects, $85,000 per 

year to advocacy and $700,000 per year to tree planting. A letter from STF to commit the 

necessary funds and resources from its operations can be found in Appendix 6. 

Implementation

To achieve the objectives of this control measure, STF will develop an education program for 

community organizations, local governments, tree not-for-profits, landscape industry 

professionals and retail tree distributors. The education program will continue for the life of the 

control measure and will result in a reduction in the planting rate of medium and high emitting 

trees. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-25

District’s Role – Oversight Agency

The Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District will oversee and review 

milestone reports, emission reduction calculations, conclusions and recommendations set forth 

by the Sacramento Tree Foundation to ensure that the tree program is making progress and will 

meet its emission reductions targets. STF will report to SMAQMD as information are collected 

and analyzed. SMAQMD is currently working to make available a program evaluation document 

that describes the administrative details associated with the process and informational 

requirements the district will use to assess the success of the control measure. The program 

evaluation document will be included in the final Sacramento Regional 8-hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan. 

Verification and Tracking

There will be two methods used to demonstrate that this control measure has been successfully 

completed. The primary effort will utilize the urban forest assessment tool developed by the US 

Forest Service known as UFORE. This tool will follow changes in the forest population and will 

allow changes in emissions to be calculated. Additional steps will be taken to verify the results 

of the UFORE analysis. The most significant of these steps will be to use high-resolution aerial 

images to verify regional forest canopy coverage. 

In conjunction with the education program, the STF will collect both historical and current 

planting and sales information from a variety of sources in the region. These will demonstrate 

that relative planting species distributions have changed from the pre-project species 

distributions, that the 390,000 diverted trees have been planted and that the BVOC reductions 

needed have been reached. The number of diverted trees will be calculated by applying the 

ratios of pre- and post-project planting rates of the three emission categories to the actual 

number of trees planted. 

Although the measure only commits to achieve reductions by the attainment year, 2018, to 

monitor progress the STF established reasonable planting rates. To monitor progress and 

validate the emission reductions, the STF will conduct a UFORE analysis supplemented with 

the Tree Counting analysis for every milestone year and the attainment year, 2018. The results 

from the UFORE analysis in conjunction with methods used in CUFR’s Phase 1a report will be 

used to compare with emission reduction estimates. The details of the verification and tracking 

are described in Appendices 4, 5 and 6. 

Enforcement

Local governments electing to participate in this measure will adopt binding commitments to 

reach planting goals within their jurisdictions and to specify a tree list that contains 

preponderance of low emitting trees. Field surveys will substantiate the accomplishments within 

the jurisdiction of participating agencies and the region as a whole. STF will notify jurisdictions if 

they are not meeting milestone targets. Jurisdictions are then responsible to committing to 

potentially take corrective actions, and use additional resources to reach their goals. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-26

Remedying Emission Credit Shortfall

Because of the uncertainties associated with implementation and validation of this 

urban forest measure, if this strategy falls short of its emission reduction target, the 

reductions will be backstopped and replaced by the other strategies that provide 

reductions surplus to those required to demonstrate attainment.

References:

Benjamin, Michael, Low-Emitting Urban Forests: A Taxonomic Methodology for Assigning 

Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission Rates, September 1995 

Benjamin, Michael, Estimating the Ozone-Forming Potential of Urban Trees and Shrubs, Oct 

1997 

California Air Resources Board, Methods to Find the Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Air Quality 

Projects, May 2005 

California Air Resources Board, California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality-2006 Edition, 

pg 479. 

McPherson, Greg, Structure and Sustainability of Sacramento’s Urban Forest, Journal of 

Arboriculture, July 1998. 

Mendes, Celso and Reed, Daniel, Monitoring Large Systems via Statistical Sampling, University 

of Illinois, September, 2002. 

Sacramento Shade Program by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District. 

http://www.smud.org/residential/saving/trees/index.html

Sacramento Tree Foundation, UFORE Field Collection Packet, June 2007. 

Sacramento Tree Foundation, UFORE Random Plot Definitions, 

ftp://69.62.222.149/RandomPlot.kml , June 2007. 

Simpson, Jim and McPherson, Greg, Air Quality Effects of a Regional Urban Tree Planting 

Program for use in an Urban Forestry-based SIP Measure. Center for Urban Forest Research, 

PSW, USDA Forest Service, October 2006. 

ftp://69.62.222.149/UFFCA Phase1A AQ Report SMAQMD,final,10-12-06.pdf 

Simpson, Jim and McPherson, Greg, Preliminary evaluation of potential air quality benefits of 

trees within SIP guidelines: Revisions to Phase 1. Center for Urban Forest Research, PSW, 

USDA Forest Service, May 2007. 

ftp://69.62.222.149/2007-009Phase1aPrelimEval.pdf

US Environmental Protection Agency, Incorporating Emerging and Voluntary Measure in a State 

Implementation Plan (SIP), September 2004 

US Forest Service UFORE Project. http://www.ufore.org/ , 2000 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-27

UFORE Report for Atlanta, Georgia, US Forest Service, 

http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/Data/State/data_GA_atl_ufore.htm, 1997. 

UFORE Report for Brooklyn, New York, US Forest Service, 

ftp://69.62.222.149/BrooklynUFOREReport,gtrne290.pdf, September, 2000. 

UFORE Report for Houston, Texas, US Forest Service, 

ftp://69.62.222.149/HoustonTFSReport.pdf, September, 2005. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Qualit

Appendix 1: Forest Composition and Tree ProfileThis table presents the minimum number of trees and tree compositions expected in the urban forest for the business as usual and c

The determination of growth, death, and expansion of the urban forest is a very complicated science. This table does not represent a 

only be used as a guide for planning purposes. We assume that a quarter of the trees in the current forest will be removed due to morThe numbers for the interim years are linearly interpolated between 2007 and 2018. 

Program 

Year Year Business-As-Usual Minimum Tree Planting Control Measure Program Minimum Tree Planting 

Units: million Low-E Medium-E High-E Low-E Medium-E High-E 

0 2007 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.27 1.96 0.77 1 2008 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.31 1.93 0.76 2 2009 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.34 1.91 0.75 3 2010 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.38 1.88 0.74 4 2011 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.41 1.86 0.73 5 2012 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.45 1.83 0.72 6 2013 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.48 1.81 0.71 7 2014 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.52 1.78 0.70 8 2015 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.55 1.76 0.69 9 2016 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.59 1.73 0.68 

10 2017 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.62 1.71 0.67 11 2018 4.27 1.96 0.77 4.66 1.68 0.67 

Program 

Year Year Business-As-Usual Minimum Tree Planting Control Measure Program Minimum Tree Planting 

Units:% Low-E Medium-E High-E Low-E Medium-E High-E 

0 2007 61.0 28.0 11.0 61.0 28.0 11.0 1 2008 61.0 28.0 11.0 61.5 27.6 10.9 2 2009 61.0 28.0 11.0 62.0 27.3 10.7 3 2010 61.0 28.0 11.0 62.5 26.9 10.6 4 2011 61.0 28.0 11.0 63.0 26.5 10.5 5 2012 61.0 28.0 11.0 63.5 26.2 10.3 6 2013 61.0 28.0 11.0 64.0 25.8 10.2 7 2014 61.0 28.0 11.0 64.5 25.5 10.0 8 2015 61.0 28.0 11.0 65.0 25.1 9.9 9 2016 61.0 28.0 11.0 65.5 24.7 9.8 

10 2017 61.0 28.0 11.0 66.0 24.4 9.6 11 2018 61.0 28.0 11.0 66.5 24.0 9.5 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

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Appendix 2: Cost Effectiveness Estimates 

As living organisms, the air quality effects of trees are always changing. Trees grow, air 

temperature varies, sunlight changes, and soil moisture fluctuates, leaves come and go with the 

seasons. Three quantities are necessary to calculate the cost effectiveness of a tree SIP 

measure. This Appendix examines the derivation of values for annual emissions reduction, 

project cost and life of the improvements. These values are then used in the standard CARB 

mobile source equation to determine the cost effectiveness of the measure. 

The following table presents four cases for consideration. In each case, controlling parameters 

for cost effectiveness are varied within a range of values deemed reasonable for this control 

measure. Case 2 has been selected as the most reasonable. 

Table 2.1 Cost Effectiveness Scenarios 

Case 1234

Year of Evaluation 2018 2018 2028 2028

Conditions Control Measure, 

BVOC Only

Control Measure, 

Criteria pollutants

Control Measure, 

BVOC Only, 

Additional growth

Control Measure, 

Criteria pollutants, 

Additional growth

Pollutants

BVOC 0.84 0.84 1.29 1.29

NOx 0.048 0.144

Particulates 0.244 0.728

Total 0.84 1.13 1.29 2.16 tons/day

Annualizing factor 37% 37% 37% 37%

Pollutant reduction 113 153 174 292 tons/year

Annual pollutant reduction 226755 305580 348231 583625 lbs/year

Project recovery period 25 25 25 25 years

Discount rate 7% 7% 7% 7%

Cost Recovery Factor 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.086

Project Cost, unadjusted $ 1,706,000 1,706,000 $ 1,706,000 $ 1,706,000 $ 

Cost Effectiveness $ 958 1,291 $ 841 $ 502 $ $/ton-yr

Cost Effectiveness $ 0.48 0.65 $ 0.42 $ 0.25 $ $/lb-yr

Cost Effectiveness Scenarios

Emissions Inventory for Cost Effectiveness

Emissions reductions, shown as Pollutants in the table, were developed by the Center for Urban 

Forest Research (Simpson and McPherson 2006, 2007) and are described in detail in the body 

of the control measure. These represent the peak values obtained during a year. To determine 

the cost effectiveness of the measure, we had to decide what pollutants to include in the total 

reductions. 

This control measure makes claims for BVOC reductions but the measure will also reduce NOx 

and particulate matter. Table 2.1 presents the full BVOC reduction estimated both with and 

without the addition of the other criteria pollutants. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-30

Annualizing Emissions Reductions

The cost effectiveness is based on the annual emission reduction. For a typical control 

measure, this is the daily emission reduction multiplied by the number of days of operation 

during a year. This straightforward approach does not properly characterize this control 

measure. Biogenic emission reductions are not the same all year. The reductions are related to 

photosynthesis, leaf area and ambient temperature. The reductions from this control measure 

peak during the summer ozone season and fall to near zero during the winter because many 

trees lose their leaves during the winter and due to higher temperatures during the summer 

ozone season the emission benefits are the greatest during this time. If we calculate the cost 

effectiveness using the strict annual sum, the effect of trees during summer ozone season is 

lost. On the other hand, if we apply the peak summer reduction across the entire year, the cost 

effectiveness is dramatically over-stated when compared to other measures. 

The following chart is adapted from the California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality. It 

represents the changes in statewide biogenic emissions during a typical year. 

Monthly Biogenic Emissions

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Fraction of Peak Reduction

Figure 2.1 Monthly Biogenic Emissions 

To determine the cost effectiveness of a variable reduction, we assumed that emission 

reduction was proportional to emission generation as presented in this chart. From this, the 

average annual reduction would be 37% of the peak value. To incorporate the significance of 

ozone season reductions, we also examined the average May through September reduction, 

which is 69% of the peak value. We decided that the most accurate comparison was to use the 

lower 37% figure to annualize the peak reductions. This percentage appears in the Cost 

Effectiveness Scenarios table as the Annualizing Factor. The annual tonnage used for 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-31

comparison purposes is the peak daily tonnage reduction multiplied by the annualizing factor 

and multiplied by 365. 

Project Cost

Several aspects of the project cost are summarized in the following table. 

Total Cost

Community Group Outreach

Program implementation 10,000 $ per year 110,000 $ 

Government Directed Planting

Program implementation 21,000 $ per year 231,000 $ 

Tree Seller Outreach

Program implementation 35,000 $ per year 385,000 $ 

Landscape Industy Outreach

Program implementation 50,000 $ per year 550,000 $ 

Program management $ per year 275,000 25,000 $ 

Education materials $ per year 110,000 10,000 $ 

Field Survey $ per survey 45,000 15,000 $ 

Total 1,706,000 $ 

Project Cost

Table 2.2 Project cost 

Table 2.2 estimates both the direct cost of the control measure. We assume that tree planting is 

not a project cost because this control measure is not committing to plant additional trees to 

expand the urban forest. Also, planting low emitters does not cost more than medium or high 

emitters. The total expenditures necessary to complete this control measure are estimated to be 

$1.71 million. These costs include local government costs required to update current ordinances 

to specify low-emitting trees, the cost to secure commitments from tree retail sales outlets to 

emphasize the sale of low emitting trees, field survey inspections, an extensive community and 

landscape industry education program as well as general program management. 

Cost Effectiveness Calculation

The formula provided by the California Air Resources Board for emission reduction cost 

effectiveness (CARB 2005) is: 

$/lb Δ(ROG NOx PM10)(lb/year)

(CRF Funding )($) Cost Effectiveness Present Value = + +× =

CRF, the capital recovery factor, is used to annualize the cost of a long-term project. Longer 

lived projects have lower recovery factors. The capital recovery factor is calculated with this 

equation: 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-32

( )

CRF 0.089

(1 7%) 1

7%(1 7%) CRF

(1 i) 1

i 1 i CRF

25

25

n

n

=

+ −

+ =

+ −

+ =

where i is the discount rate and n is project life. 

For this control measure, the discount rate, i, is 7% and improvement life, n, is the 25-year 

average tree life. The resulting value is $1,291 per ton or $0.65 per pound, assuming that NOx 

and PM10 reductions are 0. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-33

Appendix 3: Sample Report and Resolution for Local Governments 

November 2008 

ADOPT REGIONAL AIR QUALITY CONTROL MEASURE THAT INCLUDES URBAN 

FORESTS TO ATTAIN AIR QUALITY GOALS 

ISSUE: 

The regional air quality board has included trees in the State Implementation Plan control 

measure to improve air quality. The City/County of _______ is requested to adopt measures 

recommended by the Sacramento Tree Foundation to contribute to the overall improvement of 

the region’s air quality. By managing the number and types of trees planted in our jurisdiction, 

we can reduce the formation of ozone and improve air quality. Minimum participation includes 

adopting a best tree list for our jurisdiction and agreeing to numerical tree planting goals. 

RECOMMENDATION: 

Approve a resolution adopting the preferred air quality control measures that include planting an 

agreed upon number and type of trees and utilizing a tree list to guide species composition and 

diversity. 

DISCUSSION: 

Our region is remarkably well suited to capture the benefits trees provide. Our hot summers and 

cool winters enable us to maximize the benefits of shade trees through energy savings, air 

quality improvement, storm water runoff retention, and community enhancement. 

In 2006, City/County of _______________ passed the resolution to adopt the regional 

Greenprint, a four decade program of incremental investments in our community trees, that will 

double the regional tree canopy and result in more livable communities through the best urban 

forest. 

One key objective of the Greenprint is to reduce the costs and increase the benefits of tree 

ownership by strategically placing trees that are well-suited to our climate, soil and site 

conditions in locations where they can best reduce energy consumption, shade infrastructure, 

and improve water quality. 

Our region has the challenge of unhealthful levels of ozone pollution. The U.S. Forest Service 

Center of Urban Forest Research (CUFR) and Sacramento Tree Foundation (Tree Foundation) 

conducted a study about the effects of trees on ozone air pollution and found that urban forestry 

can be an important part of our air quality attainment strategy. This study was sponsored by the 

regional Air Quality Districts and funded with the grant from Sacramento Area Council of 

Governments (SACOG) and California Department of Transportation (CalTrans). 

The scientific community generally agrees that trees improve air quality. It has been measured 

that some trees - because of leaf canopy size, pollen, amount of time leaves are present on the 

trees and levels of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC’s) - provide more benefits than 

others. The net effect depends on the species, location and ultimate size of the trees chosen. 

For this reason, our jurisdiction can encourage the planting of the best suited trees for our 

climate combined with the best air quality characteristics to improve local and regional air 

quality. 

In several important ways, air quality attainment plans are predictive. In adopting the plans, the 

air districts, and by extension the member jurisdictions, must estimate the air quality 

improvement steps that will be taken in the future. These estimates are then used to predict air 

quality progress. In areas where continued air quality improvement has been difficult, the 
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and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-34

estimates tend to evolve into goals and in situations with severe air quality, may evolve into 

mandates. 

To know the net effect of the new trees on regional air quality, accurate estimates of number 

and type of trees planted in our jurisdiction must be known. Our jurisdiction is being asked to 

commit to the best tree profiles and a minimum number of trees that will be planted in the 

jurisdiction on both public and private property during the next decade. It is important to note 

that the best trees commitment includes both public and private tree planting. As this 

commitment will become part of a federally mandated regional air quality attainment plan, 

regional partners agreeing to the ratio are expected to be successful. 

To prepare for this planting program, council / board authorization is requested to participate 

with our regional partners and adopt the list of tree species that will grow well in our jurisdiction 

and be the most capable of air quality improvement. This list will serve as our recommended 

tree list to be used by staff for making decisions on species selection where trees within the 

City/County are specified. 

Staff and the Tree Foundation have estimated that the managed planting of trees within the 

jurisdiction over the next ten years will allow us to meet the air quality control measure target. 

The best trees list may be amended as appropriate over time to include new species and 

research that enhances our choices for planting the best trees. 

Limited exposure is present as is the case with other Council/Board decisions. After adoption, 

potential enforcement may be initiated by citizens and or/EPA if project goals are not met 

pursuant to the Clean Air Act (42USCA Section 7413 and 7604). 

As we have the numbers of trees to plant (February 09?): 

The Council/Board has adopted the regional Greenprint Initiative to double the regional tree 

canopy over the next four decades. The regional goal to meet this effort is to plant 5 million 

trees by 2025, increasing in our regional canopy from about 12% to 25%. The 2009 Tree 

Foundation study reveals that our jurisdiction has the capacity to plant ___ trees. Staff has 

concluded that the Council/Board can confidently commit to the planting of ___ trees (__ % of 

capacity) in our jurisdiction. Of the trees planted by the fall of 2018 the species composition will 

meet the list of best trees for air quality control measure compliance. 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS: 

Action in adopting this resolution is exempt from CEQA as it does not specifically result in a 

project. This decision will be re-visited at such time as a project as defined by CEQA is 

considered. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

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RECOMMENDATION APPROVED BY: 

Executive __________________________

Title _______________________________ 

Key Staff:___________________________ 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-36

DRAFT SAMPLE RESOLUTION FOR AIR QUALITY CONTROL MEASURE 

RESOLUTION NO. _____

ADOPTED BY ________________

On Date of ________________ 

RESOLUTION SUPPORTING LOCAL COMPONENT OF THE REGIONAL URBAN FOREST 

TO ATTAIN REGIONAL STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AIR QUALITY CONTROL 

MEASURES GOALS 

WHEREAS, the City/County of __________ recognizes the importance of tree canopies and 

their contributions to clean air and water, stormwater runoff reduction, energy conservation, 

improved public health, and increased property values; and 

WHEREAS, the City/County of ______ have adopted the regional Greenprint initiative to 

optimize the tree canopy and benefits of trees in our region; and 

WHEREAS, current science concludes that our enhanced urban forest will improve both local 

and regional air quality; and 

WHEREAS, the species composition and number of trees planted during the coming years will 

determine the net air quality improvement our region can expect; and 

WHEREAS, a select group of tree species are best suited to the climate and soils of our 

jurisdiction; and 

WHEREAS, a list has been created of the best trees for our climate and air quality for both 

public and private trees that will be planted in our jurisdiction; and 

WHEREAS, we recognize that by participating in the regional urban forest control measure 

through the fall of 2018 to attain air quality goals that we are expected to succeed and potential 

enforcement can be initiated by citizens and or/EPA if project goals are not met pursuant to the 

Clean Air Act (42USCA Section 7413 and 7604). 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL/BOARD OF THE CITY/COUNTY 

OF: 

The Council/Board hereby authorizes the City Manager/County Executive to create a policy to 

regulate the planting of an agreed upon number of trees of certain species composition and use 

the preferred list of best trees suitable for climate and air quality to require specific tree planting 

associated with permitted projects on both public and private properties within our jurisdiction; 

and, 

Hereby authorizes the City Manager/County Executive to implement the best tree list where 

appropriate within the operations of the jurisdiction; and, 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-37

Hereby expects all persons planting trees within the jurisdiction to choose an appropriate tree 

from this best tree list; and, 

Hereby commits that the trees be planted within the jurisdiction prior to the fall of 2018 will be in 

accordance with the Urban Forest Air Quality Control Measure as part of our region’s federal air 

quality attainment plans. (; and,) 

As the numbers of trees to plant by jurisdiction after February 09 – 

Hereby commits that ___ trees will be planted in within the jurisdiction by 2025 to meet the 

Greenprint goal of doubling the regional tree canopy. 

Passed and Adopted by the Council/Board of the City/County of _________ at a regular 

meeting thereof held on the ___________ by the following roll call votes: 

__________________________________ 

Presiding Officer 

ATTEST: 

__________________________________ 

Clerk______________________________
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-38

Agenda Notice: 

Item # _______ - Local Component of the Regional Urban Forest Project to Attain Air Quality 

Conformity 

Authorize creation and implementation of a recommended list of tree species 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-39

Appendix 4: Verification and Tracking 

This control measure proposes to gradually change the percentages of the different tree species 

that make up the urban forest of the Sacramento region. Consequently, to gauge the success of 

the control measure, an inventory of the urban forest needs to be created and maintained. 

Changes in the tree inventory over time will demonstrate the success of this control measure. 

It is also important to track current conditions of the urban forest. To create this SIP measure, 

we based emissions calculations on the best information that we have today. This information is 

several years old and, in some cases, was derived for an urban forest of our neighboring region. 

To assure decision-makers that the estimates are reliable, an updated canopy inventory must 

be created. 

Counting tree plantings is a tempting short cut to estimating change in a forest canopy, but 

necessary to quantify jurisdictional efforts and private owner planting behaviors. Therefore 

counting trees will be used as a supplement to the UFORE Survey System to verify the order of 

magnitude of tree planting efforts. Unfortunately, planting rates are only one aspect of canopy 

change. Survival, maintenance and growth are also key factors that can often out-weigh the 

impact of young tree planting. 

The urban forest has many parameters that need to be tracked. On a per tree basis, it is 

important to know tree species, size, location, and health. This information is used to predict the 

future growth rate, survival, and leaf area of the tree. By accumulating this information for all 

trees in the forest, the species distribution and average age, size, health, and total leaf area can 

be determined. This composite information can then be used to determine the air quality, energy 

reduction, water purification, and real estate value effects of the forest. This information needs 

to be regularly updated to understand how the forest is changing as a result of this measure. 

UFORE Survey System

By current estimate, there are 7 million trees in the region’s urban forest. Measuring each of 

these trees would be a monumental undertaking. Recognizing this impracticality, the US Forest 

Service has developed an information system that accurately assesses an urban forest by 

sampling a limited number of locations throughout the forest. The system is named the Urban 

Forest Effects model (UFORE). 

UFORE is a forest-modeling and inventory suite that allows users to calculate urban forest data, 

including estimates of the ecosystem services and emissions. The results are based on the tree 

and site information collected from 300 field survey plots selected randomly throughout the 

region. Each field survey plot is 1/10 acre in size. A detailed, structured data collection protocol 

is used to ensure the field information can be statistically employed to determine the make-up of 

the entire forest from this relatively small sample. UFORE calculates species and age 

distribution of the urban forest and also estimates the monetized benefits of the forest. The 

species and forest structure information are used to calculate emissions changes. The 

additional information that UFORE produces will be used to calculate costs and benefits of 

maintaining the urban forest. UFORE is currently in use and has produced satisfactory peerreviewed results in several communities in North America including Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, 

Calgary, Houston, Jersey City, New York City, Philadelphia, Syracuse, and Toronto. Links to 

online reports for Atlanta, New York City and Houston are listed in the References of this control 

measure. 

The survey area of the assessment is the urbanized area of each of the cities and counties in 

the non-attainment area with the addition of the respective spheres of influence. The spheres 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-40

are included to allow changes to be tracked as urbanization grows. Sample plots are assigned 

within this large area using a random generator supplied by the US Forest Service. It is critical 

to the accuracy of the results that the plot assignment be completely random. Any thoughtful 

relocation of the plots will invalidate the results of the assessment. 

This randomness can be unsettling. The first UFORE assessment has been started and the 

plots have been located. Many plots are located in places that intuitively make sense, like front 

yards, parks and golf courses. Other plots have landed in areas that are very unlikely to have 

any trees ever, like freeways, runways or in Folsom Lake. Taken as a whole though, these plots 

average out the variety of land uses that comprise our region and will give an accurate 

assessment of the urban forest. A Keyhole Markup Language (KML) layer file is provided in the 

References so that reviewers can examine the plot locations using a geo-referenced imaging 

system, in this case, Google Earth. 

It should be noted that UFORE algorithms used to estimate BVOC emissions are standard but 

estimates of biomass are based on leaf area and fresh weight to dry weight relationships may 

not be characteristic of trees in this region. Local tree biomass data will be used in conjunction 

with the UFORE survey system to provide the most accurate information and emission 

reduction calculations. 

UFORE results compared to previous SUFES results

An initial UFORE study was conducted in 2007 to define the initial conditions of the region’s 

urban forest. In comparison with the 1998 SUFES study, results are comparable. The SUFES 

(Sacramento Urban Forest Ecosystem Study) was the first attempt to understand and estimate 

the tree species distribution and canopy cover of the region. There are several minor differences 

between two studies but their results and conclusion are similar. The SUFES (1998) found that 

the urban area tree canopy cover was 13-15% and six million trees in the urban area of the 

Sacramento region. It also found that the leading two species are live oak and valley oak. These 

two species accounted for 8.2% and 7.2% of trees in the urban forest. The UFORE study (2007) 

found that tree canopy was 12.1% and seven million trees in the region, while valley oak (10%) 

and live oak (6.7%) were the leading species in the Sacramento urban forest. 

Field Surveys

The Sacramento Tree Foundation (STF), working with the tree organizations throughout the 

region, will lead the regional UFORE assessment. Seventy-five volunteers have been recruited 

from the six-county region. Each volunteer has undergone five hours of training before starting 

field survey work. The training covers each of more than 40 parameters that are recorded at 

every plot during tree species identification and the plot assessment process. 

The volunteers are organized into three member teams and then each team is assigned 

approximately 10 plots located close to each other. Teams find the plot locations using a 

combination of aerial photographs and GPS coordinates. Teams complete their plot 

assessments over four weeks. All information is recorded on field data sheets that are collected 

by the STF. 

Each plot measures 1/10 acre. A map of the UFORE study area is included in Appendix 10. 

Teams collect six separate types of information from each plot, including square footage of each 

ground cover type, buildings, impervious surfaces, shade, shrubs and the location information of 

reference objects so that re-sampling can be completed accurately. A drawing is created of 
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Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

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each plot. Following this, each tree on the plot is located, measured and 10 data points of 

information are collected about the size, species, health, and leaf area. 

Teams spend an average of 2 hours per plot measuring, drawing and recording the data. To 

complete a plot assessment, the team will first locate the center of the plot. The center is 

marked and then a scale drawing is made. The actual land use category of the site is recorded. 

Next the ground cover areas are drawn to scale. The angle and distance to reference objects 

are recorded on the drawing. Each tree on the site is then carefully located on the drawing. The 

next step is to record the various tree parameters on a tree data sheet. A separate tree data 

sheet is filled out for each tree. Once all the tree information is obtained, the areas of shade 

canopy are also recorded on the plot drawing. Finally, the actual areas of each classification are 

calculated and recorded on the data sheets. Field data sheets are presented in Appendices 5, 6 

and 7. 

The plot drawings are necessary so that the results can be verified. To ensure the accuracy of 

the field collection data, a limited number of re-surveys are conducted by trained staff from STF. 

Each team will have at least one plot inspected. If the re-inspection finds that errors have been 

made, all of the team’s work will be re-inspected. Sample plot data collection forms are included 

with this proposal. 

As the plot survey information is returned to the STF, it is first reviewed for completeness and 

cross-checked to catch errors that may have been made. The data is then imported to an 

electronic database. Once all plot information has been entered, the data is presented to the US 

Forest Service who analyzes the information and creates the statistical report on forest 

composition and monetized benefits. The results will then be returned to the STF and used to 

calculate BVOC changes. 

The STF completed the initial 300 plot survey during summer 2007. The entire survey will be 

repeated on the same 300 plots in 2011, 2014 and 2017. The data from subsequent surveys will 

be compared with earlier surveys to monitor progress of this control measure. The Sacramento 

Tree Foundation will report on progress and post the report on its Sacramento Tree Foundation 

website and air district websites. Information will be available to the public during milestone 

years and attainment year. 

This control measure proposes additional information collection and analysis as a cross check 

of the UFORE results. Historical and future sales data from tree retailers and tree wholesalers 

will be collected. Local governments and tree planting groups will also be asked to report as 

much information as possible about historical and future tree species and planting locations. 

STF will use this information to calculate changes in tree planting activities. Historical species 

and planting activities will establish the Business-as-usual case for each entity. As new data 

arrives, the calculations will be repeated based on the new information. A difference should 

slowly accumulate that demonstrates the successful implementation of the control measure 

education program. 

County and State level agricultural agencies will also be polled for information. Individual 

property owners will be encouraged to record their tree planting activities on a website 

developed to encourage participation in the regional planting goal. While this expanded net of 

information collection is extensive, it will never, as a voluntary, convenience sample, have the 

statistical accuracy needed to demonstrate performance of the control measure. It will, however, 

be a meaningful way to double-check the accuracy of the field survey effort and should alert 

reviewers to problems with the effort in time to correct them prior to 2018. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

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As a final step of data collection, high-resolution satellite imagery will also be employed to 

ensure the accuracy of the field sample information. The science of aerial tree sampling is 

rapidly evolving. It may be possible during the life of this control measure to replace some 

components of data collection with aerial survey image processing. 

Tree Counting

In addition to using UFORE as a tool to measure the change in the tree canopy, tree counting 

will be used to support and verify the results we obtain from the UFORE Survey Studies. 

Realizing that planting rates are only one aspect of tree canopy change, tree counting can 

support quantifying regional efforts. It will also aid participating jurisdictions in measuring and 

verifying their implementation strategies and planting activities through 2018. 

Jurisdictions will keep an extensive database of their tree plantings which will include 

information such as the number of trees, species, location, age, and whether or not it is a new 

or a replacement tree. 

Data collected from the tree retailers and nurseries in the region will provide information about 

private owner tree planting behaviors, such as the number of trees planted by private owners 

and if a shift from historical planting rates occurred. 

The information collected from jurisdictions, and retailers will be used to supplement the UFORE 

study, verifying tree planting rates and order of magnitudes of the tree species changes. Figure 

A-4a shows a sample flow chart to track planting efforts by participating jurisdictions and private 

owners. The control measure recognizes that there is uncertainty whether or not trees sold by 

the retailers were actually planted within the region or whether or not the trees were even sold 

by the retailers in the region, but since it is used only to verifying orders of magnitude to 

supplement the UFORE study, the assumption is that all of these trees will be planted within the 

region. Attempts will be made to verify and collect information from private owner tree plantings 

by providing avenues to register the tree purchase with the Sacramento Tree Foundation. 

Data Collection Budget

The budget for monitoring activity and for all remaining project management is $320,000 over 

the project life. 

Application of Collected Information

The information collected during the UFORE effort will be used to create a profile of the urban 

forest. This snapshot will reveal the region’s canopy cover percentage, the number, size, and 

types of trees that make up the urban forest. This forest composition information will be 

analyzed using the models that were the basis of this control measure (Simpson & McPherson, 

2006 and 2007). The models will yield an emission profile for this snapshot of the forest. 

Over the years, trees will be planted and removed. Mostly low emitting trees will be planted but 

some medium and high emitting trees will also be planted. If the control measure is being 

successfully implemented, each iteration of the UFORE analysis will show that low emitting 

trees are becoming a higher percentage of the forest population. Gridded emission inventory 

modeling of the air basin using the updated tree species information will at first show a slight 

change in BVOC emissions. With each new canopy assessment, a larger difference between 

the current forest and the unaltered forest will appear. This difference will be the measure of the 

success of the control measure. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-43

Potential Issues

It usually takes time for the UFORE tracking system to make intuitive sense to reviewers, given 

the small sampling frequency of the survey. The area of the plots totals 30 acres and the 

urbanized area of the region totals more than 300,000 acres. This means that only 1/10,000 of 

the region is being sampled. Fortunately, in random sample statistical analysis, the error bounds 

of the result are a function of the deviation of the samples and the number of samples taken and 

not dependent on the size of population (Mendes 2002). For the UFORE analysis, the sampling 

fraction of 300 plots will provide an uncertainty in the results of 7.5% with a 99% confidence. 

This accuracy changes very little for a broad range of sampling fractions as shown on the 

following chart. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-44

Figure A-4a Tree Planting Verification Flow Chart 

Tree Planting Verification 

Flow Chart 

Data Collected 

Category 

Determine total # 

of LJ Trees 

planted 

(Replacement & 

New) 

Local Jurisdiction 

(LJ)* (Local Jurisdiction or Private Planting) 

Private Planting 

(PP)** 

Determine total# 

of PPTrees 

planted 

Determine Species 

Distribution of r-----, Trees from LJ 

NO 

What is the % difference between 

required and current tree planting 

rates. (Find #of LJ Short Fall 

Trees) 

Does the YES 

Find #of "Extra" Trees 

(if any) in LE or ME 

category. *** 

(LJ Extra Trees) 

YES 

Find# of "Extra" 

Trees (if any) in LE 

or ME category.*** 

(PP Extra Trees) 

Does the 

Species Distribution Meet 

Minimum requirements? 

83% LE, 12% ME, 5% H 

Determine 

Species 

Distribution of 

Trees from PP 

0 

What is the % difference 

between required and current 

tree planting rates. (Find # of 

PP Short Fall Trees) 

Determine if there are enough "Extra" Determine if there are "Extra" Trees 

Trees from the PP category that can YES YES from the LJ category that can be 

be substituted in for the LJ Short Fall. r-------~ Recommend continuing current ~-----------1 substituted in for the PP Short Fall 

(Is PP Extra Trees>= LJ Short Fall Tree planting rates for future years. (Is LJ Extra Trees>= PP Short Fall 

Trees?)  Trees?)** * 

NO Find new minimum NO 

'---------------------.! planting rate in order to ~--------------_J meet goal by 2018 

Implement Contingency Measures for 

Tree measure Program 

Tree Planting 

Program Short 

Falls 

NO 

(Tree Foundation) 

s it still feasible to reach emission 

reductions by 2018 attainment year? 

(Considering contingency tree 

strategies*****) 

* Local Jurisdictions Trees may include trees from Green print , trees planted in new developments, and other planting efforts. 

**Private Planting may include trees from retailers and nursery information in the area 

Go back to Jurisdictions and 

recommend new planting rates, 

and suggest contingency tree 

strategies to compensate for 

temp. short fall (Repeat process 

for every milestone year and at 

the end of the project period) 

***Any# of Trees over min requirement in that category is considered to be "Extra" Tree for that category. Calculated by subtracting Min Requirement Rate for each 

category from Current Rate for each Category. 

 Only a lower or equal BVOC tree can be used to substitute in and counted as an extra tree. For example, HE can not act as a substitute for a ME or aLE, but 

LE can be a substituted in for a ME or HE, and ME can only act as a substitute for a HE. 

** ***Suggested Contingency Tree Strategies can be found in Appendix 7. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-45

Samples vs Uncertainty

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1 6 11 16 21 26 31

Uncertainty, % (99% confidence)

Samples

This system will only produce this accuracy for the entire urban forest, taken as a whole. The 

results for smaller stratifications, or sub-areas within the larger sample area, can be extracted 

from the data, but the accuracy will be lower as there will be fewer plots in the subdivision. A 

sample size of 30 will produce results of 24% uncertainty, 100 samples yield 13% accuracy. 

From the data collected, stratified results will be used to inform each participating local 

governmental jurisdiction of its progress in reaching the canopy goals it has adopted. 

A second concern is typically raised about the accuracy of the field measurements. We intend to 

minimize these errors through volunteer training and re-surveying a sample of each team’s 

work. The large number of people involved in the study also tends to reduce magnitude of 

systematic measurement errors. When a judgment is required, in the case of leaf area for 

example, a range of estimates always results. Each estimator will have a bias, sometimes 

higher and sometimes lower, than the actual value. Since many estimators are involved, the 

bias is averaged out of the final result. This is a practical application of the Law of Large 

Numbers. 

Tree species identification is difficult. As correct tree species identification is critical to the 

results of the study, teams are encouraged to collect leaf samples from any unknown trees for 

review by urban foresters. Tree datasheets will be amended based on the decision of the 

forester. 

The final major concern that needs to be addressed arises from use of defined, long-term 

reference plots. There are reasonable concerns that non-random changes will occur in 

reference plots because of the presence of the sampling teams and the public information that 

is distributed. In other words, property owners may decide to plant or maintain trees just 

because they realize that their land is part of a reference plot. This activity would not be random 

and so the plot would no longer represent the entire region. We plan to examine this possibility 

during re-sampling. Testing will be completed to determine if new random plots need to be 

created or if the original plots continue to accurately reflect the regional value. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-46

Appendix 5: Tree Survey Sheet 

Tree Information Sheet 

Plot ID #___________ 

1. Tree Number 

(Each tree has own number, start at North and move clockwise; 

please number each one on drawing)

2. Tree Species 

3. Direction from Plot Center 

4. Distance from Plot Center 

5. Circumference @ 4.5 ft. 

 (use tape) 

 

 

6. Tree Height (protractor angle) 

 

7. Height to your eyes 

7.a. Distance from tree to you 

 

8. Protractor angle to live top 

(only if dead branches form top of canopy) 

(maintain same distance and direction as tree height)

9. Ground to first branch (estimate)

 

10. Crown width 

 (use rope) 

11. % Missing 

 (circle a 

 percentage) 

12. % Dieback 

 (circle a 

 percentage) 

13. # squares impervious material under tree 

 (use drawing) 

14. # squares shrub under tree 

 (use drawing) 

15. Crown Light Exposure (1-5 sides) 

16. Closest building distance and 

 location (use drawing) 

Trunk#1 inches @ ft.

Trunk#2 inches @ ft.

Trunk#3 inches @ ft.

 degrees

 

 feet degrees 

Trunk-north end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% 

North-South feet inches

East-West feet inches

Trunk-north end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%

Trunk-south end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%

Trunk-east end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %

Trunk-west end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % degrees 

 feet 

Trunk#4 inches @ ft.

Trunk#5 inches @ ft.

 feet inches

 feet 

Trunk-south end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100% 

Trunk-east end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % 

Trunk-west end: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % 

 feet degrees 

 feet degrees 

 feet inches
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-47

Appendix 6: Funding Agreement Letter 

TREE 

I'OUf\IJATION 

Pw..L"'Il)l~l 

Eric F. Dougla; 

~E<-RET.\RY 

Rick Lu\ lant:un 

Tr-tEASl"RFR 

Mat< McCauley 

P."' Pur"l>~ .. "' 

John Webre 

UoARD or DIRI c:TOH\ 

Su"m Bitar 

l)clln Gilleran 

Va lcrre llotfmnn 

\XI illiam hhmacl 

John Lane 

Gene ,\hiler 

Lynn Pomeroy 

lun Raney 

Scorr Rmc 

,\1,Jrk Sct<cr 

je<1n Shaw 

1\ I ilcs J. 'li'ta"er 

Jerry Way 

llnARI> I 'IIRITl' 

Jane llagcdnrn 

Ann Kohl 

Ext.<.l'TIW Dr•r .mR 

Raymond L. 

'lrcrhcway I ll 

12 November 2008 

Mr. Larry Greene 

Air Pollution Control Officer/Executive Director 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

777 12th Street, 3rd Floor 

Sacramento, CA 95814-1908 

Dear Mr. Greene, 

Please accept this letter as a statement of commitment by the Sacramento Tree Foundation 

to achieve the 'urban forest for clean air' control measure submitted as part of the Air 

District's air q uality attainrnent State Implementation Plan (SIP). 

In summary, the control measure increases the percentage oflower Biogenic Volatile 

Organic Compound (BVOC) emitting trees in the region by influencing the tree selection 

choices of the majority of tree planters. This outcome will be achieved through a number 

of coordinated efforts that can be grouped into three categories: community education, 

local government action, and strategic tree planting. 

The Sacramento Tree Foundation will commit the necessary funds and resources to 

influence our partner cities and counties and local tree suppliers to reach the control 

measure species composition goals. The estimated budget range for this project is up to 

$1.71 million during the next 10 years, or about $171,000 per year. In our current 

operations, we dedicate $420,000 per year to various education projects and $880,000 per 

year to planting trees. The Tree Foundation's urban forest efforts and influence have 

expanded steadily over the years, and we have every expectation that they will continue to 

grow with the implementation of our Greenprint Initiative. E!lcompassing the Ajr 

District's airshed, Greenprint is a regional initiative dedicated to building the best regional 

urban forest in the nation. We will seek funding support for this SIP control measure, and 

if necessary, re-focus our current funding efforts to ensure its completion. 

The Sacramento Tree Foundation has an annual budget of almost $3 million which has 

allowed us to develop a staff of33 professionals dedicated to advancing the Sacramento 

region's urban forest. We also lead the hard work of thousands of volunteers each year. 

During 26 years of urban forest enhancement we have fostered good relationships with 

local governments and communities in our region. Our work has included partnerships 

with many grantors, including the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management 

District. In the 1990s we led the planting of over one million trees in Sacramento County. 

With this letter I commit the resources and goodwill of the Sacramento Tree Foundation to 

implement this urban forest SIP control measure. We look forward to partnering with you 

and your staff to clean the air in the Sacramento Region. 

Sincere ly, 

~c-~ 

Ray Tretheway 

Executive Director 

191 Lathrop Way, Su11e D Sacramento, CA 95815 

(916) 924·T!U.Jo I ''"" (916) 924 J80JI '"""'"""ec.com Our Ji'\tission: 

To bw/J tbe but r1dnm forur fo,-tbt St~crtwulltD rtgion 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-48

Appendix 7: Contingency Tree Measure Strategies 

This control measure proposes, in a general sense, that participating groups can plant hundreds 

of thousands of trees during a few short years as a result improved community education and 

strategic changes to the policies of local governments. If a participating group is falling behind 

on its tree planting commitments, there are many additional tools and practices from the urban 

forest community that can be implemented to assist in reaching the goals. A sampling of tools 

includes: 

Tree planting contests with quality prizes for the most successful groups: 

o Individuals 

o Neighborhoods 

o Business districts 

o Organization 

Sponsor tree plantings in communities and on public land: 

o Parks, roadways and near building 

o Homes of seniors 

o Tree removal mitigation planting 

Free or reduced cost trees: 

o Partner with electric utilities for planting free energy saving trees: SMUD and now 

PG&E 

o Offer rebate coupons for purchasing low emitting trees 

Reduce cost of tree establishment: 

o Offer utility rebates for tree planting based on reducing long-term water consumption 

o Host tree planting, pruning and maintenance clinics to improve canopy health 

Reduce demand for medium and high emitting trees: 

o Work with the landscape design industry to change specifications 

o Communicate with residents about the better trees 

Restrict the availability of medium and high emitting trees: 

o Work with local tree suppliers to reduce or eliminate stocking of medium and high 

emitting trees 

o Work with the county agricultural commissioner to quarantine very high emitting 

species 

o Seek State action to prohibit the sale of selected very high emitting tree species 

within the geographic area 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-49

Appendix 8: Field Data Sheet 

Section 1: Site and Team Info1

Location2 

Plot ID3

Field Land Use 14

Field Land Use 25

Group6

: 

Year7

 Date:8

FLU1 (Squares)9

FLU2 (Squares)10 

Section 2: Plot/Contact Information11

Address:12 

__________________________ 

Resident:13 

__________________________ 

Phone:14 

___________________________ 

Notes:15 

____________________________ 

Section 3: GPS Coordinates / Photograph16

GPS X:17

GPS Y:18

GPS Z:19

Photo ID #:20

Section 4: Reference Object Designation (skip if there are 3 trees/plot) 

ID21 Description22 Direction from 

center (angle)23

Distance from 

center (feet)24

Notes and 

Comments25

1 

2 

Section 5: Ground Covers (show abbreviations on drawing; count squares)26

Building (B)27 Concrete 

(C)28

Asphalt 

(A)29

 (OI) Other 

Impervious30

Maintained 

Grass (MG)31

Unmaintained 

Grass (UG)32

Water 

(W)33

 

Duff & Mulch 

(M)34

Bare Soil 

(BS)35

Seedlings 

(S)36

Herbs & Ivy 

(HI)37

Agricultural 

Crops (AC)38

Pervious Rock 

(PR)39

Shrub 

(SH)40

 

Section 6: Summary of Plot Areas (in Squares from drawing)41

Tree Cover42 Shrub Area43 Plantable Space44
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-50

Below is a description of each of the terms used on the Field Data Collection sheet. 

1

 Site and Team Info: This section of the data describes where the plot site is located, how to find it again 

later and who did the site review.

2

 Location: The general area of the plot 

3

 Plot ID: The identification number assigned to the plot 

4

 Field Land Use 1: This is the land use that exists on the plot. It doesn’t always agree with the 

government database and so needs to be corrected in the field. 

Land Use Types Land Use Types 

Residential Agriculture 

Multi-Family Residential Vacant 

Commercial/Industrial Institutional 

Park Transportation 

Cemetery Utility 

Golf Course Water/Wetland 

5

 Field Land Use 2: If the plot falls on two substantially different land uses, indicate the second class of 

land use. An example is when plot falls on a house next to a supermarket. This is rarely a substantial 

issue. You should not count a backyard garden as agricultural or the road in front of a home as 

transportation. 

6

 Group: Your group number. 

7

 Year: the year of the field survey 

8

 Date: the date the field survey is completed 

9

 FLU1 (Squares): In this box, record the Field Land Use 1 area in squares on the plot drawing 

10 FLU2 (Squares): In this box, record the Field Land Use 2 area in squares on the plot drawing 

11 Plot/Contact Information: This is the contact information for the plot owner 

12 Address: the address of the plot, if available 

13 Resident: the name of the person/s living on the plot 

14 Phone: the phone number of the resident 

15 Notes: general information about the plot location, owner or resident 

16 GPS Coordinates / Photograph: this section has the precise location of the center point of the plot. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-51

17 GPS X: this is the GPS longitude of the plot location. The units are decimal degrees 

18 GPS Y: this is the GPS latitude of the plot location. The units are decimal degrees 

19 GPS Z: this is the altitude of the plot. The units are feet. 

20 Photo ID #: If you take a picture of the site, enter the file name of the picture here. 

21 ID: the number of the reference item. Also show on plot drawing. 

22 Description: the name of the object, like “fire hydrant.” 

23 Direction from center: this is the direction in degrees from the plot center. Use the markings on the 

center marker to figure out the angle. 0 degrees is North, 90 degrees is East. 

24 Distance from center: this is the distance from the center of the plot to the nearest edge of the 

reference object 

25 Note and Comments: anything noteworthy about the reference item. 

26 Ground Covers (in squares): this section is used to describe all of the different ground covers that are 

on the plot. From the plot drawing that you make, roughly count the number of squares of each type. 

Enter the number in the adjacent box to the cover type. Put an “R” for “Remainder” in the box of the most 

extensive cover. For example, if a plot falls in an asphalt parking lot, enter R under Asphalt and then the 

number of squares in each of the other types present. The abbreviations for the cover types are shown in 

parentheses with each type. 

27 Building (B): this is for any structure. Only count the floor area of the building. Don’t include any 

awnings or gables or the like. 

28 Concrete (C): The standard material for sidewalks, curbs and gutters, the concrete designation also 

includes the colored, stamped driveways and walkways that are becoming more common. 

29 Asphalt (A): this is for any tar covered surface except roofs. Roads, parking lots, most basketball 

courts fit here. 

30 Other Impervious (OI): Any surface that doesn’t allow water penetration. An example of this is brick. 

31 Maintained Grass (MG): grass that is mowed, lawns. Include here lawns that need mowing. 

32 Unmaintained Grass (UG): natural grass areas. These could be natural areas of native grasses or 

pastures that don’t normally get mowed and irrigated 

33 Water (W): Any area of water including fountains, ponds, lakes and streams 

34 Duff & Mulch (M): any ground cover composed of decaying plant materials 

35 Bare Soil (BS): soil that has few or no plants growing in it. 

36 Seedlings (S): areas with small trees too numerous to count. 

3

7 Herbs & Ivy (HI): any low growing ground cover that can’t easily be distinguished as individual plants 

38 Agricultural Crops (AC): Crops grown on commercial farms. This doesn’t include backyard gardens 

39 Pervious Rock (PR): gravel, cobbles, boulders that generally allow water to reach the ground beneath 

rather than forcing it to run off the site 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-52

40 Shrub (SH): leafy plant that does not count as a tree. Do not double count for ground cover under the 

shrub. 

41 Summary of Plot Areas (in Squares): this section is used to give an overall summary of the key 

coverage areas on the site. The units are squares taken from the plot drawing. 

42 Tree Cover: the total area in squares that is beneath all the trees on the plot. Take this number from 

the drawing and record in squares. Also include the shade canopy from branches that come from trees 

outside of the plot 

43 Shrub Area: the total area in squares that is generally occupied by shrubs. Take this number from the 

drawing and record in squares. 

44 Plantable Space: a rough approximation of the number of squares that could have a tree planted in 

them. Don’t assume that construction work will be done to create a planting area. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-53

Appendix 9: 6% Cap Calculations for Tree Measure Emission 

Reductions 

The methodology for calculating the estimated maximum limit on emission reductions from the 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program for the Sacramento region is summarized 

below. This is consistent with EPA policy1

 for incorporating emerging and voluntary measures in 

a SIP that limits the amount of emission reductions allowed due to the uncertainty and untested 

nature of the control mechanisms. For total emerging and voluntary measures, EPA has a 

presumptive limit2

 of 6 percent of the total amount of emission reduction necessary to achieve 

the planning requirement for attainment demonstration purposes. 

Methodology to Calculate VOC Reduction Limit for Tree Measure

Figure A9-1 contains the 2018 ozone/emission reduction graph for the peak ozone design value 

site at Cool in the Sacramento region. This diagram shows the pattern of ozone responses to 

varying combinations in domain-wide VOC and NOx emission reductions. The air quality 

modeling analysis for 2018 shows that attainment can be reached with different percent 

combinations of VOC and NOx control. Assuming the combination of percent reductions from 

only new VOC and NOx control measures adopted by the end of 2008, the 1997 federal 8-hour 

ozone standard could be attained by reducing 2018 modeled emissions by about 3.3% VOC 

and 12.5% NOx (shown as Point B on Figure A9-1) This emission reduction target represents 

the attainment shortfall). 

The cap on eligible emission reductions from emerging and voluntary measures is 6 percent of 

the VOC attainment shortfall. Since the 6 percent cap applies to all emerging and voluntary 

measures, the maximum reduction limit available for the Tree Measure needs to subtract out 

any reductions from other emerging or voluntary measures, such as “Spare The Air” Program3

. 

Six Percent Reduction Calculations

The 2002 base year emission level (planning inventory) of the Sacramento Federal Ozone 

Nonattainment Area is 160 tpd of VOC and 196 tpd of NOx. Without any new emission control 

measures, the 2018 emission inventory is forecasted to be 121 tpd of VOC and 104 tpd of NOx. 

Based on the 2018 attainment shortfall analysis, 3.3% of the VOC and 12.5% of NOx emissions 

must be reduced to achieve the attainment standards. This means that VOC emissions must be 

reduced to 117 tpd and NOx emissions must be reduced to 91 tpd. The attainment shortfall for 

VOC is 4 tpd and NOx is 13 tpd. The Urban Forest for Clean Air Demonstration Program claims 

BVOC reductions only. By applying the 6 percent cap on the VOC shortfall, this measure and 

the Spare The Air Program have a limit of 0.24 tpd of VOC emission reductions. Since the 

Spare The Air Program will claim 0.06 tpd of VOC emission reduction credit, the tree program is 

capped at 0.18 tpd of BVOC reduction as an emerging and voluntary measure. 

 

1

 “Incorporating Emerging and Voluntary Measures in a State Implementation Plan (SIP)” (OAQPS, EPA, 

September 2004). 

2

 Ibid., p. 9. 

3

 Spare The Air Program (TCM-ONMS-ED-1) is a voluntary measure to inform and encourage the public 

to reduce vehicle trips, especially during forecasted high ozone days. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-54

Figure A9-1 

Ozone/Emission Reduction Graph 

2018 Cool Peak Ozone Design Value Site 

0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00

ROG

0.80

0.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1.00

NOx

88

87

85

84

82

88

86

85

84

82

88

86

85

83

82

87

86

85

83

82

87

86

85

83

82

*A

*B

VOC

1. X and Y Axes: fractional emission reductions of VOC and NOx. 

2. Whole (Red) Numbers: predicted ozone design value concentrations (truncated) based on 

modeling results for fractional VOC and NOx reductions at 5% increments. 

3. Horizontal Contour Lines: District interpolated whole ppb ozone contour lines based on 5% 

increment modeled ozone values rounded to the tenth of a ppb. 

4. Point A designates the 2018 emission reductions (11.6% VOC and 17.3% NOx) from all new 

local, regional, state and federal control measure committals, and provides for attainment. 

5. Point B designates the 2018 emission reductions (3.3% VOC and 12.5% NOx) from only the 

new local, regional, state and federal control measures adopted by the end of 2008. These 

levels represent percent emission reduction targets for attainment (just below 85 ppb). 

Using the combination of emission reduction levels from only new control measures adopted by 

the end of 2008, attainment of the 1997 federal 8-hour ozone standard (84 ppb) could be 

achieved by reducing 2018 modeled VOC and NOx emissions by about 3.3% for VOC and 

12.5% for NOx (Point B). Since ozone design values are truncated to the whole ppb, ozone 

design values between 84 to <85 ppb are truncated to 84 ppb.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Forest Air Quality Development Program 

Page C-55

Appendix 10: UFORE Study Area 

Placer County

El Dorado County

Yolo County

Yuba County

Sutter County

Sacramento County

Sacramento

Elk Grove

Roseville

Folsom

Lincoln

Rocklin

Rancho Cordova

Davis

yuba City

Woodland

Galt

Loomis

Citrus Heights

Placerville

West Sacramento

South Lake Tahoe

Auburn

Marysville

Winters

Live Oak

Colfax

Woodland

Galt

Winters

Wheatland

Auburn

Isleton

Colfax

Isleton

0 61,000 122,000 30,500

Feet

4

Legend

Sacramento Federal Ozone Nonattainment Area

UFORE Study Area

UFORE Study Area

Prepared by: The Sacramento Tree Foundation, July 24th 2008

Data Sources: Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Projection: NAD 1983 State Plane California II FIPS 0402 Feet

The UFORE study area was derived from the 

Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG's) 

most recent GIS layer of urbanized areas. This layer 

created in 2005 includes SACOG member cities, their 

spheres of influence, and the urban service areas of

SACOG member counties. While Solano County 

jurisdictions are within the Sacramento Federal Ozone

Nonattainment Area, they are outside of the SACOG and 

consequently are not part of the UFORE study area. All 

UFORE plots were randomly chosen within the bounds 

of the 2005 urbanized areas data set.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Regulatory Control Measures 

Page C-56

Regulatory Control Measures 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Indirect Source Rules 

Page C-57

Indirect Source Rules 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Construction Mitigation Rule 

Page C-58

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: IS-1 

Control Measure Title: Construction Mitigation Rule 

Date: May 22, 2008 

Control Measure Description

New land use and development projects are indirect sources of air pollutant emissions 

from construction equipment, worker and vendor vehicle trips, and construction 

materials (e.g., adhesives, sealants, and architectural coatings). Based on California 

storm water permit data (2004-2006) there are, on average, 245 new land use projects 

occurring in the Sacramento Federal Non-Attainment Area (SFNA) each year. 

Depending upon the size and type, the timeline for a construction project can vary from 

a few months to years. 

This control measure will reduce NOx emissions from equipment associated with the 

construction phase of new land use projects. This control measure will not address 

operational emissions generated by the projects, which will be addressed by control 

measure IS-2. San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD) 

Rule 9510, Indirect Source Review, contains requirements for the mitigation of 

emissions from the construction of development projects. The requirements that are 

being considered for the control measure are based on the construction requirements of 

SJVUAPCD Rule 9510, which specifies that all applicable projects mitigate their NOx 

emissions by 20% less than the statewide average emission rates either by using 

cleaner construction equipment or modifying the construction equipment (through 

retrofits, replacements, or post-combustion controls), or by paying a fee that will be 

used by the districts to obtain emission reductions. During the rule development 

process, staff will explore integration of this rule with CARB’s offroad engine rule to 

ensure that the 20% requirement is feasible and cost effective through 2018 and 

beyond. 

The proposed control measure commits to a framework that includes quantification of 

emissions before and after mitigation measures are applied, establishes appropriate 

levels to define who is subject to the rule and emission reduction requirements for 

affected sources. The proposed emission reduction requirements will include a fee 

option to achieve offsite reductions when onsite reductions are unavailable. The 

proposed control measure will be evaluated for adoption by districts noted in the 

following tables. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Construction Mitigation Rule 

Page C-59

Emission Inventory

The SFNA planning emission inventory is presented below for the category associated 

with construction equipment emissions of NOx. The emissions already account for 

California Air Resources Board State Implementation Plan measures. 

NOx Emission Inventory (tpd) District EIC 

Code EIC Description 2018 

SMAQMD 860-887 CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT 4.6081 

PCAPCD 860-887 CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT 0.9172 

FRAQMD 860-887 CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT 0.0722 

 TOTAL 5.5975 

Emission Reductions

Total NOx emissions from all phases of construction and all other associated emissions 

will be estimated using URBEMIS 2007, version 9.2 or another construction emission 

estimation model that the Air Pollution Control Officer deems appropriate. Emission 

reductions for this measure have been calculated assuming that new construction 

projects will be required to reduce total construction-related emissions of NOx by 20% 

below the statewide averages (as required by SJVUAPCD Rule 9510). Applicants will 

be able to reduce these emissions through either onsite or offsite mitigation. Onsite 

mitigation will consist of applicants replacing or retrofitting older, higher-emitting 

construction equipment. Offsite mitigation will allow applicants to pay a fee based on the 

cost effectiveness of the Carl Moyer, SECAT, or other approved program. The District 

will secure mitigation for those applicants by funding emission reduction projects 

elsewhere, following the guidelines of the approved funding program. 

Construction projects will be required to comply with this rule if they equal or exceed 

any of the following thresholds (based on SJVUAPCD Rule 9510): 

• 50 residential units; 

• 2,000 sq. feet of commercial space; 

• 25,000 sq. feet of light industrial space; 

• 100,000 sq. feet of heavy industrial space; 

• 20,000 sq. feet of medical office space; 

• 39,000 sq. feet of general office space; 

• 9,000 sq. feet of educational space; 

• 10,000 sq. feet of government space; 

• 20,000 sq. feet of recreational space; or 

• 9,000 sq. feet of space not identified above 

In order to estimate potential future emission reductions, District staff used the State 

Water Resources Control Board storm water permit data and the default assumptions 

built into the construction emissions model URBEMIS. The storm water data provided 

the acres and type (residential, commercial, industrial) for all projects occurring in the 

SFNA over two acres. In order to condense this data, projects were categorized by their 

size and averaged over a three-year period (2004 through 2006). Because the storm 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Construction Mitigation Rule 

Page C-60

water database does not give project specifics beyond the type and size, all projects 

labeled residential were assumed to be entirely residential and other projects not 

labeled residential were assumed to be entirely commercial. 

Defaults from URBEMIS including average residential and commercial density, the type 

and amount of construction equipment used for different sized projects, and the 

construction phase timelines were used to estimate calendar year 2008 emissions for 

the projects obtained from the storm water database. The NOx emissions from all 

applicable project groups were totaled and reductions were assumed to be 20% of this 

total with an 80% compliance rate. The reductions were compared to the 2008 SFNA 

emission inventory to derive a percent reduction that could be applied to the 2018 

inventory. 

Annual NOx emission reductions are summarized below for the districts planning to 

adopt this control measure in the SFNA. 

District 2018 (tpd) 

SMAQMD 0.0905 

PCAPCD 0.0462 

TOTAL 0.1367 

There are no emission reductions estimated for the portion of FRAQMD in the SFNA 

because there were no new land use projects shown for 2004 to 2006 in the California 

storm water database for this area. It is assumed that new construction will occur and, 

therefore this control measure will achieve ozone precursor emission reductions from 

those future projects in the FRAQMD. 

SMAQMD 

Adoption year: 2010 

Implementation year: 2011 

PCAPCD 

Adoption year: 2013 

Implementation year: 2014 

FRAQMD 

Adoption year: 2013 

Implementation year: 2014 

Cost Effectiveness

It is anticipated that developers will not choose to perform onsite mitigation when the 

cost for doing so would exceed the cost of paying mitigation fees. Therefore, the upper 

bound of cost effectiveness for this measure is based on the mitigation fees. The fees 

have been estimated based on the current Carl Moyer program cost effectiveness of 

$16,000 per ton of NOx reduced. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Construction Mitigation Rule 

Page C-61

Authority

The districts are authorized to adopt and implement regulations to reduce or mitigate 

emissions from indirect and areawide sources of air pollution by Health and Safety 

Code Section 40716. In addition, SMAQMD is specifically authorized to adopt 

regulations to limit or mitigate the impact on air quality of indirect or areawide sources 

by Health and Safety Code Section 41013. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by SMAQMD, PCAPCD, and FRAQMD. 

References

CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980), February 28, 

2007 

SJVUAPCD “Rule 9510, Indirect Source Review (ISR).” Adopted December 15, 2005 

SJVUAPCD “Final Draft Staff Report – Rule 9510, Indirect Source Review (ISR), Rule 3180, 

Administrative Fees for Indirect Source Review.” December 15, 2005 

State Water Resources Control Board “Statewide Construction Storm Water Database 

Active Notice of Intents (NOIs).” http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/databases.html.

URBEMIS 2007, Version 9.2, July 2007.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Operational Indirect Source Rule 

Page C-62

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: IS-2 

Control Measure Title: Operational Indirect Source Rule (ISR) 

Date: June 10, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure will reduce emissions generated during the operational phase of 

indirect sources. An indirect source is defined as any facility, building, structure or 

installation, or combination thereof, which generates or attracts mobile source activity 

that results in emissions of any pollutant for which there is a state ambient air quality 

standard. The rule will require indirect sources to mitigate a portion of their emissions 

through a combination of on-site mitigation measures and, if onsite measures are 

insufficient, a contribution to an off-site mitigation fund that will invest in emission 

reduction projects. 

On-site mitigation could include strategies that reduce vehicle trips or vehicle miles 

traveled (VMT). Other on-site mitigation measures could be considered, such as 

improved energy efficiency resulting in fewer power plant emissions or reductions in onsite combustion emissions. Off-site mitigation fees will be calculated based on the 

amount of required emission reductions that can not be achieved through on-site 

measures. This control measure will integrate with SACOG’s Blueprint Metropolitan 

Transportation Plan17 and look for synergistic opportunities from AB 32 (Nunez) – 

California Global Warming Solutions Act of 200618 and SB 375 (Steinberg) – legislation 

to reduce greenhouse gases through land-use planning19. 

The proposed control measure commits to a framework that includes quantification of 

emissions before and after mitigation measures are applied, establishes appropriate 

levels to define who is subject to the rule and emission reduction requirements for 

affected sources. The proposed emission reduction requirements will include a fee 

option to achieve offsite reductions when onsite reductions are insufficient. The 

proposed control measure will be evaluated for adoption by districts noted in the 

following tables. 

The District will develop guidelines that describe the quantification methodology used to 

evaluate the emission reductions from proposed off-site mitigation projects. The 

guidelines will be made available for public review through a public notice in a 

newspaper of general circulation, followed by District Board adoption (including 

responses to comments), and a request for CARB/EPA approval. The District will 

 

17 Metropolitan Transportation Plan for 2035 (MTP2035), approved by SACOG Board of Directors March 

20, 2008 

18 California Health and Safety Code, Section 38500-38599. 19 Signed by Governor 9-30-08, and amends California Government Code and Division 13 of the Public 

Resources Code. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Operational Indirect Source Rule 

Page C-63

evaluate and select off-site mitigation projects for funding with ISR revenue through a 

public process and ultimately District Board approval. 

Emissions impacts of indirect sources are commonly modeled with the URBEMIS 

emissions model. URBEMIS calculates emissions based on trip generation rates for 

user specified land uses along with EMFAC mobile emission factors. URBEMIS also 

calculates area source emissions from sources such as on-site natural gas combustion, 

landscaping, and consumer products. 

SACOG is currently developing a new modeling tool that integrates the iPLACES 

parcel-level land use scenario planning tool with the SACMET travel model. The new 

model will provide the ability to evaluate regional changes in vehicle trips and VMT 

based on proposed land uses. 

 

Emission Inventory – 2018

The Operational ISR will apply to residential and non-residential development projects 

that generate indirect emissions from on-road mobile sources such as passenger cars, 

light trucks, and motorcycles. The table below presents the summer planning inventory 

for categories expected to be affected by the rule (note: other inventory categories may 

be affected to the extent that the rule affects them, or as part of selected mitigation 

strategies). 

2018 Inventory* 

(tpd) 

District EIC Code EIC Description NOx ROG

SMAQMD 710 LDA 2.53 4.90

 722 LDT1 0.76 1.32

 723 LDT2 2.60 3.75

 724 MDV 1.74 1.92

 732 LHDT1 2.08 0.99

 733 LHDT2 0.90 0.26

 734 MHDV 3.39 0.44

 736 HHDV 6.76 0.65

 750 Motorcycle 0.40 1.57

 762 Urban Bus 0.42 0.03

 770 School Bus 0.41 0.03

 780 Motor Home 0.17 0.02

 010-045-0110-0000 

Electric Utilities – 

Natural Gas Turbine 0.709 0.191

 610-610-0110-0000 

Residential Fuel 

Combustion – Natural 

Gas Cooking 0.082 0.004

 610-608-0110-0000 

Residential Fuel 

Combustion – Natural 

Gas Water Heating 1.585 0.079

SMAQMD Total 24.54 16.15
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Operational Indirect Source Rule 

Page C-64

2018 Inventory* 

(tpd) 

District EIC Code EIC Description NOx ROG

PCAPCD 710 LDA 0.53 0.93

 722 LDT1 0.34 0.54

 723 LDT2 0.59 0.80

 724 MDV 0.38 0.41

 732 LHDT1 0.63 0.17

 733 LHDT2 0.25 0.05

 734 MHDV 0.53 0.06

 736 HHDV 6.48 0.52

 750 Motorcycle 0.20 0.74

 762 Urban Bus 0.11 0.01

 770 School Bus 0.11 0.01

 780 Motor Home 0.07 0.01

 010-045-0110-0000 

Electric Utilities – 

Natural Gas Turbine 0.089 0.007

 610-610-0110-0000 

Residential Fuel 

Combustion – Natural 

Gas Cooking 0.029 0.001

 610-608-0110-0000 

Residential Fuel 

Combustion – Natural 

Gas Water Heating 0.263 0.013

PCAPCD Total 10.60 4.27

* all on-road emissions are based on EMFAC2007 with Feb. 08 SACOG activity data. Area source 

emissions are based on ARB CEFS_O3SIP data. 

Emission Reductions

In 2006, the existing California Environmental Quality Act mitigation program achieved 

0.033 TPD of NOx and 0.035 TPD of ROG in the Sacramento district. These reductions 

represent 0.061% and 0.115% of the Sacramento 2005 affected NOx and ROG 

inventory, respectively. 

The South Coast AQMD 2007 Air Quality Management Plan proposes an indirect 

source rule (2007EGM-01) with a commitment to achieve 1.0 TPD and 0.5 TPD of NOx 

and ROG, respectively, in 2020. This represents 0.17% of the ROG inventory and 

0.36% of the NOx inventory. The San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD 2007 ozone plan 

includes a commitment to achieve 0.2 TPD reduction in on-road NOx in 2017 from their 

existing indirect source rule which represents 0.12% of the NOx inventory. (Note: South 

Coast inventory is based on ARB CEFS_O3SIP data. San Joaquin inventory is based 

on 2007 Ozone Plan Appendix B.) 

Sufficient data is not currently available to precisely quantify expected reductions. For 

example, the integrated iPlaces land use model and SACMET travel model expected to 

be used for emission reduction quantification is not yet available in final form. However, 

based on the ranges of reductions discussed above as applied to the affected inventory 

for SMAQMD and PCAPCD in 2018 results in the following expected emission reduction 

range: 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Operational Indirect Source Rule 

Page C-65

 

 2018 Reduction (tpd) 

District NOx ROG 

SMAQMD 0 - 0.09 0 - 0.03 

PCAPCD 0 - 0.04 0 - 0.01 

Total 0 – 0.13 0 – 0.04 

Emission reductions from this rule will result from a combination of on-site mitigation 

implemented by project proponents and off-site mitigation projects. Depending on the 

type of mitigation strategies funded through the off-site mitigation program, emission 

reductions could apply to mobile, stationary, or area-wide source inventory categories. 

SMAQMD

Adoption year: 2012 

Implementation year: 2014 

PCAPCD

Adoption year: 2014 

Implementation year: 2016 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness of this rule is dependent on the type of on-site mitigation 

implemented by a developer, and whether or not the off-site mitigation fee option is 

chosen for some or all of the required emission reductions. Some on-site mitigation may 

result in a cost savings. 

Authority and Resources

The districts are authorized to adopt and implement regulations to reduce or mitigate 

emissions from indirect and area-wide sources of air pollution by Health and Safety 

Code Section 40716. In addition, SMAQMD is specifically authorized to adopt indirect or 

area-wide source regulations by Health and Safety Code Section 41013. 

Districts are authorized to recover costs associated with regulation of area-wide and 

indirect sources by Health and Safety Code Section 42311(g). 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by SMAQMD and PCAPCD.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Stationary and Area Source Control Measures 

Page C-66 

Stationary and Area-wide Source 

Control Measures
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

VOC Control Measures 

Page C-67 

VOC 

Control Measures 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings 

Page C-68 

Architectural Coatings
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings SMAQMD-442 

Page C-69 

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 442 

Control Measure Title: Architectural Coatings 

Date: May 8, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to stationary structures and their appurtenances (e.g., general use 

flats, general use non-flats, and specialty coatings such as industrial maintenance 

coatings, lacquers, floor coatings, roof coatings, stains, etc.). The strategy also 

regulates the sale of coatings within the district by prohibiting manufacturers and 

suppliers of coatings from selling coatings that do not comply with the strategy. 

The SMAQMD’s architectural coating rule (Rule 442) was originally adopted in 1978 

and has been amended seven times with the most recent amendment occurring in May 

2001. The amendment in May 2001 adopted CARB’s 2000 SCM for this category. On 

October 25, 2007, CARB adopted a new SCM for Architectural Coatings that 

established lower VOC limits for some coating categories. 

The table below shows a comparison between the VOC limits in the current Rule 442 

and the new SCM; coating categories that do not have lower VOC limits are not 

included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings SMAQMD-442 

Page C-70 

Category SMAQMD Rule 442 CARB SCM 

(g/l) (g/l) 

Flat Coating 100 50 

Nonflat Coating 150 100 

Nonflat-High Gloss 250 150 

Antenna Coating 530 250 

Antifouling Coaings 400 250 

Bituminous Roof Coatings 300 50 

Clear Wood Coatings: 

Clear Brushing Lacquer 

 Lacquers (including lacquer sanding sealers) 

 Sanding Sealers (other than lacquer sanding 

sealers) 

 Varnishes 

550 

550 

350 

350 

275 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer (was Waterproofing 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer 

Reactive Penetrating Sealer 

400 

400 

100 

350 

Dry Fog Coatings 400 150 

Fire Retardant Coatings: 

Clear 

 Opaque 

650 

350 

350 

Floor Coatings 250 100 

Flow Coatings 420 250 

Mastic Texture Coatings 300 100 

Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters 200 100 

Quick Dry Enamels 250 150 

Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 200 100 

Roof Coatings 250 50 

Rust Preventative Coatings 400 250 

Specialty Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Temperature-Indicator Safety Coating 550 420 

Traffic Marking Coatings 150 100 

Emission Inventory –2018 

ROG Planning 

Inventory 

EIC Code EIC Description Tons/day 

2018 

520-520-9100-0000 Oil-Based (Organic Solvent Based) Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0850 

520-520-9105-0000 Oil-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.1614 

520-520-9106-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0958 

520-520-9108-0000 Oil-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0050 

520-520-9109-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0160 

520-520-9113-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0744 

520-520-9118-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0525 

520-520-9122-0000 Oil-Based Faux Finishing 0.0016 

520-520-9124-0000 Oil-Based Mastic Texture 0.0232 

520-520-9126-0000 Oil-Based Rust Preventative 0.0370 

520-520-9131-0000 Oil-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.2948 

520-520-9136-0000 Oil-Based Stains – Opaque 0.0278 

520-520-9141-0000 Oil-Based Varnish - Clear/Semitransparent 0.1957 

520-520-9153-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Enamel Coatings 0.0672 

520-520-9157-0000 Oil-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0727 

520-520-9159-0000 Oil-Based Flat Coatings 0.0026 

520-520-9160-0000 Oil-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.1081 

520-520-9161-0000 Oil-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.1171 

520-520-9164-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.2206 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings SMAQMD-442 

Page C-71 

ROG Planning 

Inventory 

EIC Code EIC Description Tons/day 

2018 

520-520-9165-0000 Oil-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0042 

520-520-9166-0000 Oil-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0437 

520-520-9169-0000 Oil-Based Floor Coatings 0.0121 

520-520-9170-0000 Oil-Based Form Release Coatings 0.0310 

520-520-9172-0000 Oil-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.4144 

520-520-9173-0000 Oil-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.1410 

520-520-9174-0000 Oil-Based Roof Coatings 0.0107 

520-520-9176-0000 Oil-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0383 

520-520-9177-0000 Oil-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0348 

520-520-9200-0000 Water-Based Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0112 

520-520-9205-0000 Water-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.1707 

520-520-9206-0000 Water-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0135 

520-520-9208-0000 Water-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0107 

520-520-9209-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0027 

520-520-9213-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0098 

520-520-9218-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0141 

520-520-9222-0000 Water-Based Faux Finishing 0.0094 

520-520-9223-0000 Water-Based Form Release Compounds 0.0003 

520-520-9224-0000 Water-Based Mastic Texture 0.0116 

520-520-9226-0000 Water-Based Rust Preventative 0.0014 

520-520-9231-0000 Water-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0167 

520-520-9236-0000 Water-Based Stains - Opaque 0.0259 

520-520-9241-0000 Water-Based Varnishes - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0261 

520-520-9257-0000 Water-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0051 

520-520-9259-0000 Water-Based Flat Coatings 0.6747 

520-520-9260-0000 Water-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.7753 

520-520-9261-0000 Water-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0701 

520-520-9264-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0013 

520-520-9265-0000 Water-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0148 

520-520-9266-0000 Water-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0126 

520-520-9269-0000 Water-Based Floor Coatings 0.0325 

520-520-9272-0000 Water-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0326 

520-520-9273-0000 Water-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0033 

520-520-9274-0000 Water-Based Roof Coatings 0.0185 

520-520-9276-0000 Water-Based Traffic Coatings 0.117 

520-520-9277-0000 Water-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0003 

Total 4.4709 

Emission Reductions

ROG Emission Reduction 

EIC Description Tons/day Adoption 

date Implementation Date 

2018 

Architectural Coating 

Categories 2010 

2011, except Rust Preventative 

and Specialty Primer, Sealer, 

Undercoater in 2012 

0.9138 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings SMAQMD-442 

Page C-72 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness calculations were based upon economic analyses conducted by 

the South Coast Air Quality Management District for amendments to Rule 1113. The 

specific economic analyses used are listed below: 

• December 6, 2002 Amendments (based on vacated May 14, 1999 Amendments) 

(1998 economic data) – industrial maintenance coatings; rust preventative coatings; 

floor coatings; non-flats; primers, sealers, and undercoaters; quick-dry primers, 

sealers, and undercoaters; and quick-dry enamels. 

• December 5, 2003 Amendments (2003 economic data) – clear wood finishes 

(including sanding sealers and varnish); roof coatings; stains; and waterproofing 

sealers (including concrete and masonry sealers). Range of cost effectiveness was 

$4,229 - $11,405/ton. 

• June 9, 2006 Amendments (2006 economic data) – concrete-curing compounds; 

dry-fog coatings; and traffic coatings. Range of cost effectiveness was $4,882/ton. 

It was assumed that the economic relationships between Sacramento and South Coast 

suppliers and users of architectural coatings do not differ significantly. Therefore, the 

estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values were assumed to be transferable to 

Sacramento. 

The cost effectiveness values calculated from the December 6, 2002 and December 5, 

2003 amendments were adjusted to 2006 dollars (from 1998 and 2003 dollars, 

respectively) using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for West 

Urban consumers. The estimated overall cost effectiveness for this proposed measure 

is estimated to be $10,485/ton 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the SMAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District is the implementing 

agency. 

References

1. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Rule 442 (Architectural 

Coatings). Amended May 24, 2001. 

2. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). 

Amended June 9, 2006. 

3. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). May 14, 1999. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings SMAQMD-442 

Page C-73 

4. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 6, 2002. 

5. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 5, 2003. 

6. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). June 9, 2006. 

7. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index 1996-

2006. 

8. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980), 

November 16, 2006 

9. California Air Resources Board Suggested Control Measure for Architectural 

Coatings, October 25, 2007 

10. Control Measure, SMAQMD - 442, November 28, 2006 

11. Control Measure 442 Calculation Spreadsheet, SMAQMD, May 14, 2008 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings EDCAQMD-215 

Page C-74 

Control Measure Number: EDCAQMD - 215 

Control Measure Title: Architectural Coatings 

Date: May 12, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to stationary structures and their appurtenances (e.g., general use 

flats, general use non-flats, and specialty coatings such as industrial maintenance 

coatings, lacquers, floor coatings, roof coatings, stains, etc.). The strategy also 

regulates the sale of coatings within the district by prohibiting manufacturers and 

suppliers of coatings from selling coatings that do not comply with the strategy. 

The existing Rule 215-Architectural Coatings was adopted on September 8, 1994 and 

subsequently amended on September 27, 1994. In 2000, the California Air Resources 

Board (CARB) adopted the Suggested Control Measures (SCM) for Architectural 

Coatings. This SCM established VOC limits that obtained about a 20% overall reduction 

for this category. On October 25, 2007, CARB adopted a new SCM for Architectural 

Coatings that established lower VOC limits for some coating categories. 

The table below shows a comparison between the VOC limits in the current rule and the 

limits in the new SCM; coating categories that do not have lower VOC limits are not 

included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings EDCAQMD-215 

Page C-75 

Category EDCAQMD Rule 215 CARB SCM 

(g/l) (g/l) 

Flat Coating 

 Specialty Flat 

100 

400 

50 

Nonflat Coating 250 100 

Nonflat-High Gloss 250 150 

Antenna Coating 530 250 

Antifouling Coaings 400 250 

Bituminous Roof Coatings 300 50 

Clear Wood Coatings: 

Clear Brushing Lacquer 

 Lacquers (including lacquer sanding sealers) 

 Sanding Sealers (other than lacquer sanding 

sealers) 

 Varnishes 

680 

680 

350 

350 

275 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer (was Waterproofing 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer 

Reactive Penetrating Sealer 

400 

400 

100 

350 

Dry Fog Coatings 400 150 

Fire Retardant Coatings: 

Clear 

 Opaque 

650 

350 

350 

Floor Coatings 250 100 

Flow Coatings 420 250 

Industrial Maintenance 

 High temp 

Antigraffiti 

420 

340 

250 

Mastic Texture Coatings 300 100 

Multi-color 420 250 

Pretreatment Wash Primers 675 420 

Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters 350 100 

Quick Dry Enamels 400 150 

Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Roof Coatings 300 50 

Rust Preventative Coatings 420 250 

Specialty Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Stains 350 250 

Swimming Pool Repair and Maintenance 650 340 

Temperature-Indicator Safety Coating 550 420 

Traffic Marking Coatings 250 100 

Water proofing Sealers 400 250 

Emission Inventory –2018 

ROG 

Planning 

Inventory 

Tons/day 

EIC Code EIC Description 

2018 

520-520-9100-0000 Oil-Based (Organic Solvent Based) Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0092

520-520-9105-0000 Oil-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0278 

520-520-9106-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0335 

520-520-9108-0000 Oil-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0005 

520-520-9109-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0016 

520-520-9113-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0089 

520-520-9118-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0055 

520-520-9122-0000 Oil-Based Faux Finishing 0.0002 

520-520-9124-0000 Oil-Based Mastic Texture 0.0024 

520-520-9126-0000 Oil-Based Rust Preventative 0.0039 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings EDCAQMD-215 

Page C-76 

ROG 

Planning 

Inventory 

Tons/day 

EIC Code EIC Description 

2018 

520-520-9131-0000 Oil-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0402 

520-520-9136-0000 Oil-Based Stains – Opaque 0.0045 

520-520-9141-0000 Oil-Based Varnish - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0205 

520-520-9153-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Enamel Coatings 0.0133 

520-520-9157-0000 Oil-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0129 

520-520-9159-0000 Oil-Based Flat Coatings 0.0003 

520-520-9160-0000 Oil-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0119 

520-520-9161-0000 Oil-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0123 

520-520-9164-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0231 

520-520-9165-0000 Oil-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0005 

520-520-9166-0000 Oil-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0046 

520-520-9169-0000 Oil-Based Floor Coatings 0.0013 

520-520-9170-0000 Oil-Based Form Release Coatings 0.0033 

520-520-9172-0000 Oil-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0719 

520-520-9173-0000 Oil-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0148 

520-520-9174-0000 Oil-Based Roof Coatings 0.0012 

520-520-9176-0000 Oil-Based Traffic Coatings 0.004 

520-520-9177-0000 Oil-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0037 

520-520-9200-0000 Water-Based Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0012 

520-520-9205-0000 Water-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0182 

520-520-9206-0000 Water-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0014 

520-520-9208-0000 Water-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0011 

520-520-9209-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0003 

520-520-9213-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0014 

520-520-9218-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0015 

520-520-9222-0000 Water-Based Faux Finishing 0.001 

520-520-9223-0000 Water-Based Form Release Compounds 0 

520-520-9224-0000 Water-Based Mastic Texture 0.0012 

520-520-9226-0000 Water-Based Rust Preventative 0.0002 

520-520-9231-0000 Water-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0021 

520-520-9236-0000 Water-Based Stains - Opaque 0.0028 

520-520-9241-0000 Water-Based Varnishes - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0027 

520-520-9257-0000 Water-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0005 

520-520-9259-0000 Water-Based Flat Coatings 0.0895 

520-520-9260-0000 Water-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0937 

520-520-9261-0000 Water-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0074 

520-520-9264-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0001 

520-520-9265-0000 Water-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0016 

520-520-9266-0000 Water-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0013 

520-520-9269-0000 Water-Based Floor Coatings 0.0034 

520-520-9272-0000 Water-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0037 

520-520-9273-0000 Water-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0003 

520-520-9274-0000 Water-Based Roof Coatings 0.0019 

520-520-9276-0000 Water-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0123 

520-520-9277-0000 Water-Based Wood Preservatives 0 

Total 0.5886
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings EDCAQMD-215 

Page C-77 

Emission Reductions 

ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day EIC Description Adoption 

date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Architectural Coating 

Categories 2013 2015 0.1862 

Cost Effectiveness

The proposed VOC limits from the SCM are already in place in a number of air districts. 

When the SCM was adopted, the cost effectiveness was determined to be an average 

of $3.20 per pound ($6400 per ton) of ROG reduced. The proposed SCM VOC limits 

were identified by SCAQMD and are already in place in there. Based on the 1999 

Socioeconomic impact assessment used in the socioeconomic analysis for the Rule 

1113 amendments, the cost effectiveness was estimated to be $8.50 per pound 

($16,996 per ton) of ROG reduced. These cost-effectiveness estimates will be used as 

representative of the economic relationships of suppliers and users within El Dorado 

County. 

Authority

The above control measure will be implemented by amendment to the existing Rule 215 

Architectural Coatings. The El Dorado Air Quality Management District has the authority 

to propose rules and regulations to the District Board for adoption under HSC 40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the El Dorado County Air Quality Management District. 

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980 

November 16, 2006) 

2. California ARB Staff Report for the Proposed Suggested Control Measure for 

Architectural Coating, Released June 6, 2000 

3. South Coast AQMD Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 1113-Architectural 

Coating, dated December 6, 2002 

4. South Coast AQMD Preliminary Draft Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 

1113-Architectural Coating, dated April 1, 2001 

5. Control Measure 215 Calculation Spreadsheet, SMAQMD, May 15, 2008 

6. Control Measure EDCAQMD - 215, January 30, 2007 

7. California Air Resources Board Suggested Control Measure for Architectural 

Coatings, October 25, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings FRAQMD-3.15 

Page C-78

Control Measure Number: FRAQMD - 3.15 

Control Measure Title: Architectural Coatings 

Date: May 20, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to stationary structures and their appurtenances (e.g., general use 

flats, general use non-flats, and specialty coatings such as industrial maintenance 

coatings, lacquers, floor coatings, roof coatings, stains, etc.). The strategy also 

regulates the sale of coatings within the district by prohibiting manufacturers and 

suppliers of coatings from selling coatings that do not comply with the strategy. 

The existing Rule 3.15-Architectural Coatings was adopted in June, 1991 and 

subsequently amended on May 6, 1996 and November 13, 2002. The amendment in 

November 2002 adopted CARB’s 2000 SCM for this category. On October 25, 2007, 

CARB adopted a new SCM for Architectural Coatings that established lower VOC limits 

for some coating categories. 

The table below shows a comparison between the VOC limits in the current Rule 3.15 

and the new SCM; coating categories that do not have lower VOC limits are not 

included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings FRAQMD-3.15 

Page C-79

Category FRAQMD Rule 3.15 CARB SCM 

(g/l) (g/l) 

Flat Coating 100 50 

Nonflat Coating 150 100 

Nonflat-High Gloss 250 150 

Antenna Coating 530 250 

Antifouling Coaings 400 250 

Bituminous Roof Coatings 300 50 

Clear Wood Coatings: 

Clear Brushing Lacquer 

 Lacquers (including lacquer sanding sealers) 

 Sanding Sealers (other than lacquer sanding 

sealers) 

 Varnishes 

680 

550 

350 

350 

275 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer (was Waterproofing 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer 

Reactive Penetrating Sealer 

400 

400 

100 

350 

Dry Fog Coatings 400 150 

Fire Retardant Coatings: 

Clear 

 Opaque 

650 

350 

350 

Floor Coatings 250 100 

Flow Coatings 420 250 

Mastic Texture Coatings 300 100 

Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters 200 100 

Quick Dry Enamels 250 150 

Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 200 100 

Roof Coatings 250 50 

Rust Preventative Coatings 400 250 

Specialty Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Temperature-Indicator Safety Coating 550 420 

Traffic Marking Coatings 150 100 

Emission Inventory – 2018 

ROG Planning Inventory Tons/day EIC Code EIC Description 2018

520-520-9100-0000 Oil-Based (Organic Solvent Based) Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0004

520-520-9105-0000 Oil-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0008

520-520-9106-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0005

520-520-9108-0000 Oil-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0

520-520-9109-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0001

520-520-9113-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0004

520-520-9118-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0003

520-520-9122-0000 Oil-Based Faux Finishing 0

520-520-9124-0000 Oil-Based Mastic Texture 0.0001

520-520-9126-0000 Oil-Based Rust Preventative 0.0002

520-520-9131-0000 Oil-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0013

520-520-9136-0000 Oil-Based Stains – Opaque 0.0001

520-520-9141-0000 Oil-Based Varnish - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0009

520-520-9153-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Enamel Coatings 0.0003

520-520-9157-0000 Oil-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0004

520-520-9159-0000 Oil-Based Flat Coatings 0

520-520-9160-0000 Oil-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0005

520-520-9161-0000 Oil-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0006

520-520-9164-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.001

520-520-9165-0000 Oil-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings FRAQMD-3.15 

Page C-80

ROG Planning Inventory Tons/day EIC Code EIC Description 2018

520-520-9166-0000 Oil-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0002

520-520-9169-0000 Oil-Based Floor Coatings 0.0001

520-520-9170-0000 Oil-Based Form Release Coatings 0.0002

520-520-9172-0000 Oil-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0016

520-520-9173-0000 Oil-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0007

520-520-9174-0000 Oil-Based Roof Coatings 0.0001

520-520-9176-0000 Oil-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0002

520-520-9177-0000 Oil-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0002

520-520-9200-0000 Water-Based Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0001

520-520-9205-0000 Water-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0008

520-520-9206-0000 

Water-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And 

Undercoaters 0.0001

520-520-9208-0000 Water-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0

520-520-9209-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0

520-520-9213-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0

520-520-9218-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0001

520-520-9222-0000 Water-Based Faux Finishing 0

520-520-9223-0000 Water-Based Form Release Compounds 0

520-520-9224-0000 Water-Based Mastic Texture 0.0001

520-520-9226-0000 Water-Based Rust Preventative 0

520-520-9231-0000 Water-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0001

520-520-9236-0000 Water-Based Stains - Opaque 0.0001

520-520-9241-0000 Water-Based Varnishes - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0001

520-520-9257-0000 Water-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0

520-520-9259-0000 Water-Based Flat Coatings 0.0028

520-520-9260-0000 Water-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0036

520-520-9261-0000 Water-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0003

520-520-9264-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Coatings 0

520-520-9265-0000 Water-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0001

520-520-9266-0000 Water-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0001

520-520-9269-0000 Water-Based Floor Coatings 0.0002

520-520-9272-0000 Water-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0001

520-520-9273-0000 Water-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0

520-520-9274-0000 Water-Based Roof Coatings 0.0001

520-520-9276-0000 Water-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0005

520-520-9277-0000 Water-Based Wood Preservatives 0

Total 0.0205

Emission Reductions

ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day EIC Description Adoption 

date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Architectural Coating 

Categories <2012 

<2012, except Rust 

Preventative and 

Specialty Primer, 

Sealer, Undercoater 

in 2012 

0.0044 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness calculations were based upon economic analyses conducted by 

the South Coast Air Quality Management District for amendments to Rule 1113. The 

specific economic analyses used are listed below: 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings FRAQMD-3.15 

Page C-81

• December 6, 2002 Amendments (based on vacated May 14, 1999 Amendments) 

(1998 economic data) – industrial maintenance coatings; rust preventative coatings; 

floor coatings; non-flats; primers, sealers, and undercoaters; quick-dry primers, 

sealers, and undercoaters; and quick-dry enamels. 

• December 5, 2003 Amendments (2003 economic data) – clear wood finishes 

(including sanding sealers and varnish); roof coatings; stains; and waterproofing 

sealers (including concrete and masonry sealers). Range of cost effectiveness was 

$4,229 - $11,405/ton. 

• June 9, 2006 Amendments (2006 economic data) – concrete-curing compounds; 

dry-fog coatings; and traffic coatings. Range of cost effectiveness was $4,882/ton. 

It was assumed that the economic relationships between Sacramento and South Coast 

suppliers and users of architectural coatings do not differ significantly. Therefore, the 

estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values were assumed to be transferable to 

Sacramento. 

The cost effectiveness values calculated from the December 6, 2002 and December 5, 

2003 amendments were adjusted to 2006 dollars (from 1998 and 2003 dollars, 

respectively) using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for West 

Urban consumers. The estimated overall cost effectiveness for this proposed measure 

is $10,133/ton 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the FRAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The FRAQMD is the implementing agency. 

References

1. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). 

Amended June 9, 2006. 

2. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). May 14, 1999. 

3. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 6, 2002. 

4. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 5, 2003. 

5. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). June 9, 2006. 

6. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index 1996-

2006. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings FRAQMD-3.15 

Page C-82

7. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980), 

November 16, 2006 

8. Control Measure 3.15 calculation spreadsheet, SMAQMD, May 19, 2008 

9. Control Measure, FRAQMD 3.15, dated February 1, 2007 

10. California Air Resources Board Suggested Control Measure for Architectural 

Coatings, October 25, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings PCAPCD-218 

Page C-83

Control Measure Number: PCAPCD - 218 

Control Measure Title: Architectural Coating 

Date: May 20, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to stationary structures and their appurtenances (e.g., general use 

flats, general use non-flats, and specialty coatings such as industrial maintenance 

coatings, lacquers, floor coatings, roof coatings, stains, etc.). The strategy also 

regulates the sale of coatings within the district by prohibiting manufacturers and 

suppliers of coatings from selling coatings that do not comply with the strategy. 

The PCAPCD’s architectural coating rule (Rule 218) was originally adopted in 1983 and 

has been amended several times with the most recent amendment occurring in 

December 2001. The amendment in December 2001 adopted CARB’s 2000 SCM for 

this category. On October 25, 2007, CARB adopted a new SCM for Architectural 

Coatings that established lower VOC limits for some coating categories. 

The table below shows a comparison between the VOC limits in the current Rule 218 

and the new SCM; coating categories that do not have lower VOC limits are not 

included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings PCAPCD-218 

Page C-84

Category PCAPCD Rule 218 CARB SCM 

(g/l) (g/l) 

Flat Coating 100 50 

Nonflat Coating 150 100 

Nonflat-High Gloss 250 150 

Antenna Coating 530 250 

Antifouling Coaings 400 250 

Bituminous Roof Coatings 300 50 

Clear Wood Coatings: 

Clear Brushing Lacquer 

 Lacquers (including lacquer sanding sealers) 

 Sanding Sealers (other than lacquer sanding 

sealers) 

 Varnishes 

550 

550 

350 

350 

275 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer (was Waterproofing 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer 

Reactive Penetrating Sealer 

400 

400 

100 

350 

Dry Fog Coatings 400 150 

Fire Retardant Coatings: 

Clear 

 Opaque 

650 

350 

350 

Floor Coatings 250 100 

Flow Coatings 420 250 

Mastic Texture Coatings 300 100 

Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters 200 100 

Quick Dry Enamels 250 150 

Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 200 100 

Roof Coatings 250 50 

Rust Preventative Coatings 400 250 

Specialty Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Temperature-Indicator Safety Coating 550 420 

Traffic Marking Coatings 150 100 

Emission Inventory – 2018 

ROG Planning Inventory Tons/day EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

520-520-9100-0000

Oil-Based (Organic Solvent Based) Coatings 

(Unspecified) 0.0192

520-520-9105-0000 Oil-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0364

520-520-9106-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0216

520-520-9108-0000 Oil-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0012

520-520-9109-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0037

520-520-9113-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0167

520-520-9118-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.012

520-520-9122-0000 Oil-Based Faux Finishing 0.0004

520-520-9124-0000 Oil-Based Mastic Texture 0.0052

520-520-9126-0000 Oil-Based Rust Preventative 0.0084

520-520-9131-0000 Oil-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0667

520-520-9136-0000 Oil-Based Stains – Opaque 0.0063

520-520-9141-0000 Oil-Based Varnish - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0442

520-520-9153-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Enamel Coatings 0.0152

520-520-9157-0000 Oil-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0164

520-520-9159-0000 Oil-Based Flat Coatings 0.0007

520-520-9160-0000 Oil-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0245

520-520-9161-0000 Oil-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0265

520-520-9164-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0498

520-520-9165-0000 Oil-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.001
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings PCAPCD-218 

Page C-85

ROG Planning Inventory Tons/day EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

520-520-9166-0000 Oil-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.01

520-520-9169-0000 Oil-Based Floor Coatings 0.0028

520-520-9170-0000 Oil-Based Form Release Coatings 0.0071

520-520-9172-0000 Oil-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0847

520-520-9173-0000 Oil-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0319

520-520-9174-0000 Oil-Based Roof Coatings 0.0024

520-520-9176-0000 Oil-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0086

520-520-9177-0000 Oil-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0079

520-520-9200-0000 Water-Based Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0025

520-520-9205-0000 Water-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0385

520-520-9206-0000 

Water-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And 

Undercoaters 0.0031

520-520-9208-0000 Water-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0024

520-520-9209-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0007

520-520-9213-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0022

520-520-9218-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0032

520-520-9222-0000 Water-Based Faux Finishing 0.0021

520-520-9223-0000 Water-Based Form Release Compounds 0.0001

520-520-9224-0000 Water-Based Mastic Texture 0.0026

520-520-9226-0000 Water-Based Rust Preventative 0.0003

520-520-9231-0000 Water-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0038

520-520-9236-0000 Water-Based Stains - Opaque 0.0058

520-520-9241-0000 Water-Based Varnishes - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0059

520-520-9257-0000 Water-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0011

520-520-9259-0000 Water-Based Flat Coatings 0.1312

520-520-9260-0000 Water-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.1752

520-520-9261-0000 Water-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0159

520-520-9264-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0003

520-520-9265-0000 Water-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0033

520-520-9266-0000 Water-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0029

520-520-9269-0000 Water-Based Floor Coatings 0.0074

520-520-9272-0000 Water-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0068

520-520-9273-0000 Water-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0008

520-520-9274-0000 Water-Based Roof Coatings 0.0042

520-520-9276-0000 Water-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0265

520-520-9277-0000 Water-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0001

Total 0.9804

Emission Reductions 

ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day EIC Description Adoption date Implementation 

Date 2018 

Architectural Coating Categories 2012 2013 0.2014 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness calculations were based upon economic analyses conducted by 

the South Coast Air Quality Management District for amendments to Rule 1113. The 

specific economic analyses used are listed below: 

• December 6, 2002 Amendments (based on vacated May 14, 1999 Amendments) 

(1998 economic data) – industrial maintenance coatings; rust preventative coatings; 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings PCAPCD-218 

Page C-86

floor coatings; non-flats; primers, sealers, and undercoaters; quick-dry primers, 

sealers, and undercoaters; and quick-dry enamels. 

• December 5, 2003 Amendments (2003 economic data) – clear wood finishes 

(including sanding sealers and varnish); roof coatings; stains; and waterproofing 

sealers (including concrete and masonry sealers). Range of cost effectiveness was 

$4,229 - $11,405/ton. 

• June 9, 2006 Amendments (2006 economic data) – concrete-curing compounds; 

dry-fog coatings; and traffic coatings. Range of cost effectiveness was $4,882/ton. 

It was assumed that the economic relationships between Placer and South Coast 

suppliers and users of architectural coatings do not differ significantly. Therefore, the 

estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values were assumed to be transferable to 

Sacramento. 

The cost effectiveness values calculated from the December 6, 2002 and December 5, 

2003 amendments were adjusted to 2006 dollars (from 1998 and 2003 dollars, 

respectively) using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for West 

Urban consumers. The estimated overall cost effectiveness for this proposed measure 

is $10,119/ton. 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the PCAPCD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The PCAPCD is the implementing agency. 

References

1. South Coast AQMD Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 1113 - Architectural 

Coating, dated December6, 2002. 

2. South Coast AQMD Preliminary Draft Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 

1113 – Architectural Coating, dated August 15, 2003 

3. Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD Staff Report for Rule 442 – Architectural Coating, 

Dated April 21st, 2001 

4. ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections 

v1.06 RF #980. November 16, 2006. 

5. Control Measure 218 calculation spreadsheet, SMAQMD, May 20, 2008 

6. Control Measure, PCAPCD 218, February 5, 2007 

7. California Air Resources Board Suggested Control Measure for Architectural 

Coatings, October 25, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings YSAQMD-2.14 

Page C-87

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.14 

Control Measure Title: Architectural Coatings 

Date: February 2, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to stationary structures and their appurtenances (e.g., general use 

flats, general use non-flats, and specialty coatings such as industrial maintenance 

coatings, lacquers, floor coatings, roof coatings, stains, etc.). The strategy also 

regulates the sale of coatings within the district by prohibiting manufacturers and 

suppliers of coatings from selling coatings that do not comply with the strategy. 

The YSAQMD’s architectural coating rule (Rule 2.14) was originally adopted in 1979 

and with the most recent amendment occurring in November 2001. The amendment in 

November 2001 adopted CARB’s 2000 SCM for this category. On October 25, 2007, 

CARB adopted a new SCM for Architectural Coatings that established lower VOC limits 

for some coating categories. 

The table below shows a comparison between the VOC limits in the current Rule 2.14 

and the new SCM; coating categories that do not have lower VOC limits are not 

included. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings YSAQMD-2.14 

Page C-88

Category YSAQMD Rule 2.14 CARB SCM 

(g/l) (g/l) 

Flat Coating 100 50 

Nonflat Coating 150 100 

Nonflat-High Gloss 250 150 

Antenna Coating 530 250 

Antifouling Coaings 400 250 

Bituminous Roof Coatings 300 50 

Clear Wood Coatings: 

Clear Brushing Lacquer 

 Lacquers (including lacquer sanding sealers) 

 Sanding Sealers (other than lacquer sanding 

sealers) 

 Varnishes 

550 

550 

350 

350 

275 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer (was Waterproofing 

Concrete/Masonry Sealer 

Reactive Penetrating Sealer 

400 

400 

100 

350 

Dry Fog Coatings 400 150 

Fire Retardant Coatings: 

Clear 

 Opaque 

650 

350 

350 

Floor Coatings 250 100 

Flow Coatings 420 250 

Mastic Texture Coatings 300 100 

Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters 200 100 

Quick Dry Enamels 250 150 

Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 200 100 

Roof Coatings 250 50 

Rust Preventative Coatings 400 250 

Specialty Primers, Sealers, Undercoaters 350 100 

Temperature-Indicator Safety Coating 550 420 

Traffic Marking Coatings 150 100 

Emission Inventory – 2018 

EIC Code EIC Description ROG Planning Inventory Tons/day

 2018

520-520-9100-0000 Oil-Based (Organic Solvent Based) Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0201

520-520-9105-0000 Oil-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0382

520-520-9106-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0226

520-520-9108-0000 Oil-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0012

520-520-9109-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0037

520-520-9113-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0176

520-520-9118-0000 Oil-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0123

520-520-9122-0000 Oil-Based Faux Finishing 0.0004

520-520-9124-0000 Oil-Based Mastic Texture 0.0054

520-520-9126-0000 Oil-Based Rust Preventative 0.0088

520-520-9131-0000 Oil-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0696

520-520-9136-0000 Oil-Based Stains – Opaque 0.0066

520-520-9141-0000 Oil-Based Varnish - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0463

520-520-9153-0000 Oil-Based Quick Dry Enamel Coatings 0.0159

520-520-9157-0000 Oil-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0172

520-520-9159-0000 Oil-Based Flat Coatings 0.0006

520-520-9160-0000 Oil-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.0256

520-520-9161-0000 Oil-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0276

520-520-9164-0000 Oil-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0521

520-520-9165-0000 Oil-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0011

520-520-9166-0000 Oil-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.0103
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings YSAQMD-2.14 

Page C-89

520-520-9169-0000 Oil-Based Floor Coatings 0.0029

520-520-9170-0000 Oil-Based Form Release Coatings 0.0073

520-520-9172-0000 Oil-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.1067

520-520-9173-0000 Oil-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0333

520-520-9174-0000 Oil-Based Roof Coatings 0.0025

520-520-9176-0000 Oil-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0091

520-520-9177-0000 Oil-Based Wood Preservatives 0.0083

520-520-9200-0000 Water-Based Coatings (Unspecified) 0.0026

520-520-9205-0000 Water-Based Primers, Sealers, And Undercoaters 0.0403

520-520-9206-0000 

Water-Based Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, And 

Undercoaters 0.0031

520-520-9208-0000 Water-Based Specialty Primer, Sealer, And Undercoaters 0.0025

520-520-9209-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Roof Primer 0.0006

520-520-9213-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Sealers 0.0023

520-520-9218-0000 Water-Based Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers 0.0033

520-520-9222-0000 Water-Based Faux Finishing 0.0022

520-520-9223-0000 Water-Based Form Release Compounds 0

520-520-9224-0000 Water-Based Mastic Texture 0.0028

520-520-9226-0000 Water-Based Rust Preventative 0.0003

520-520-9231-0000 Water-Based Stains - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0039

520-520-9236-0000 Water-Based Stains - Opaque 0.0061

520-520-9241-0000 Water-Based Varnishes - Clear/Semitransparent 0.0062

520-520-9257-0000 Water-Based Lacquers (Unspecified) 0.0012

520-520-9259-0000 Water-Based Flat Coatings 0.1538

520-520-9260-0000 Water-Based Nonflat - Low Gloss/Medium Gloss 0.1832

520-520-9261-0000 Water-Based High Gloss Nonflat Coatings 0.0166

520-520-9264-0000 Water-Based Bituminous Coatings 0.0003

520-520-9265-0000 Water-Based Concrete Curing Compounds 0.0035

520-520-9266-0000 Water-Based Dry Fog Coatings 0.003

520-520-9269-0000 Water-Based Floor Coatings 0.0077

520-520-9272-0000 Water-Based Industrial Maintenance Coatings 0.0087

520-520-9273-0000 Water-Based Metallic Pigmented Coatings 0.0008

520-520-9274-0000 Water-Based Roof Coatings 0.0044

520-520-9276-0000 Water-Based Traffic Coatings 0.0276

520-520-9277-0000 Water-Based Wood Preservatives 0

Total 1.0603

Emission Reductions 

EIC Description ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day Adoption Date Implementation 

Date 2018 

Architectural Coating Categories 2010 2012 0.2144 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness calculations were based upon economic analyses conducted by 

the South Coast Air Quality Management District for amendments to Rule 1113. The 

specific economic analyses used are listed below: 

• December 6, 2002 Amendments (based on vacated May 14, 1999 Amendments) 

(1998 economic data) – industrial maintenance coatings; rust preventative coatings; 

floor coatings; non-flats; primers, sealers, and undercoaters; quick-dry primers, 

sealers, and undercoaters; and quick-dry enamels. 

• December 5, 2003 Amendments (2003 economic data) – clear wood finishes 

(including sanding sealers and varnish); roof coatings; stains; and waterproofing 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings YSAQMD-2.14 

Page C-90

sealers (including concrete and masonry sealers). Range of cost effectiveness was 

$4,229 - $11,405/ton. 

• June 9, 2006 Amendments (2006 economic data) – concrete-curing compounds; 

dry-fog coatings; and traffic coatings. Range of cost effectiveness was $4,882/ton. 

It was assumed that the economic relationships between Yolo/Solano and South Coast 

suppliers and users of architectural coatings do not differ significantly. Therefore, the 

estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values were assumed to be transferable to 

Sacramento. 

The cost effectiveness values calculated from the December 6, 2002 and December 5, 

2003 amendments were adjusted to 2006 dollars (from 1998 and 2003 dollars, 

respectively) using the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index for West 

Urban consumers. The estimated overall cost effectiveness for this proposed measure 

is $10,387/ton. 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the YSAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The YSAQMD is the implementing agency. 

References

1. Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, Rule 2.14, Architectural Coatings; 

November 14, 2001. 

2. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Suggested 

Control Measure for Architectural Coatings, June 22, 2000. 

3. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings; 

June 9, 2006. 

4. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - V1.06 RF#980; 

Date Of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

5. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). May 14, 1999. 

6. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 6, 2002. 

7. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). December 5, 2003. 

8. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1113 (Architectural Coatings). June 9, 2006. 

9. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index 1996-

2006. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Architectural Coatings YSAQMD-2.14 

Page C-91

10. Control Measure, YSAQMD – 2.14, February 2, 2007 

11. California Air Resources Board Suggested Control Measure for Architectural 

Coatings, October 25, 2007 

12. Control Measure 2.14 Calculation Spreadsheet, SMAQMD, May 20, 2008 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing 

Page C-92 

Automotive Refinishing 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing SMAQMD-459 

Page C-93

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 459 

Control Measure Title: Automotive Coatings 

Date: December 8, 2006 

Control Measure Description

Automotive refinishing coatings are used on motor vehicles and other mobile 

equipment, primarily by auto body repair and paint shops and automotive dealerships. 

VOC emissions from the surface coating operations result from the evaporation of the 

organic solvents used in the coatings. These emissions occur in a number of places 

during the operation, including surface preparation and cleanup, application of the 

coating, drying of the parts, and cleanup of the application equipment. 

On October 20, 2005, CARB adopted a Suggested Control Measure (SCM) for 

automotive coatings. The SCM would introduce several significant changes into 

SMAQMD Rule 459, Automotive, Truck, and Heavy Equipment Refinishing Operations, 

such as: 

• Consolidation of limits for Group I and Group II vehicles 

• Consolidation of the precoats, primers, primer sealers, and primer surfacers 

categories 

• Deletion of the multi-stage topcoats category, and replacement with separate 

limits for color coats and clear coats 

• Elimination of the specialty coatings category, with specific limits for each type of 

coating, and a general limit applicable to all other coatings. 

• Lower VOC limits for most coating categories. 

The proposed control measure will evaluate the information from CARB’s SCM and 

propose amendments to Rule 459. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing SMAQMD-459 

Page C-94

Emission Inventory – 2018 

VOC Planning Inventory 

EIC Code EIC Description (tpd) 

2018 

230-218-9000-0000 Automobile Refinish Coatings, Unspecified 0.861 

510-500-9021-0000 Aerosol Coatings, Auto Body Primers 0.0077 

510-500-9082-0000 Aerosol Coatings, Auto Bumper and Trim Coatings 0.0068 

510-500-9083-0000 Aerosol Coatings, Exact Match Engine Enamel 0.0065 

510-500-9084-0000 Aerosol Coatings, Exact Match Automotive Coatings 0.0117 

510-506-6558-0000 Consumer Products, Automotive Undercoating, Aerosol 0.0243 

510-506-6559-0000 Consumer Products, Automotive Undercoating, Non-Aerosol 0.0018 

Total 0.9198 

Emission Reductions 

VOC Emission Reduction (tpd) EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date 2018 

Automotive Refinishing 2010 2011 0.1130 

Cost Effectiveness

CARB estimated the overall, statewide cost effectiveness of the SCM to be $1.43 per 

pound of VOC reduced. However, this takes into account reductions in districts with a 

wide range of stringency in their existing rules. Statewide, CARB estimated a 65% 

reduction in emissions from automotive refinish coatings. Based on our existing rule 

limits, District staff has estimated that within the SMAQMD, only a 16.4% reduction in 

VOC emissions will occur if the SCM is adopted in place of current limits. A large portion 

of the costs for compliance is based on retrofitting existing facilities to be compatible 

with water-borne coatings. Compliance costs for the SMAQMD will be similar to the 

statewide estimates, but the emission reductions in SMAQMD are expected to be lower 

than the statewide average by a factor of 3.96. Therefore, the cost effectiveness for the 

measure in the SMAQMD is estimated to be 3.96 times higher than the statewide 

average, or $5.66 per pound ($11,326 per ton) of VOC reduced. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the SMAQMD through Rule 459. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing SMAQMD-459 

Page C-95

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006 

2. Control Measure, SMAQMD - 459, December 8, 2006 

3. CARB, Staff Report for the Proposed Suggested Control Measure for Automotive 

Coatings, October 2005. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing FRAQMD-3.19 

Page C-96

Control Measure Number: FRAQMD - 3.19 

Control Measure Title: Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Coating Operations 

Date: February 2, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Automotive refinishing coatings are used on motor vehicles and other mobile 

equipment, primarily by auto body repair and paint shops and automotive dealerships. 

VOC emissions from the surface coating operations result from the evaporation of the 

organic solvents used in the coatings. These emissions occur in a number of places 

during the operation, including surface preparation and cleanup, application of the 

coating, drying of the parts, and cleanup of the application equipment. 

On October 20, 2005, CARB adopted a Suggested Control Measure (SCM) for 

automotive coatings. The SCM would introduce several significant changes into 

FRAQMD Rule 3.19, Vehicle and Motor Equipment Coating Operations, such as: 

• Consolidation of limits for Group I and Group II vehicles 

• Consolidation of the primers, primer sealers, and primer surfacer categories 

• Deletion of the multi-stage topcoats category, and replacement with separate 

limits for color coats and clear coats 

• Elimination of the specialty coatings category, with specific limits for each type of 

coating, and a general limit applicable to all other coatings. 

• Lower VOC limits for most coating categories. 

The proposed control measure will evaluate the information from CARB’s SCM and 

propose amendments to Rule 3.19. 

Emission Inventory – 2018

The population growth rate in South Sutter is purely based on the current Sutter County 

population growth rate projected by SACOG. The potential growth of proposed South 

Sutter Specific Plan (now called Sutter Pointe Specific Plan) is not factored in. 

VOC Planning Inventory (tpd) 

EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

230-218-9000-0000 

Automobile Refinish 

Coatings, Unspecified 0.0035 

Total 0.0035 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing FRAQMD-3.19 

Page C-97

Emission Reductions

VOC Emission Reduction (tpd) 

EIC Description Adoption Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Automotive 

Refinishing 2016 2017 0.0008 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness is expected to range between $5,560 and $77,300 per ton of 

ROG reduced. 

Authority

The Feather River Air Quality Management District has the authority to propose rules 

and regulations to the District Board for adoption under HSC 40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this control measure does not involve any other agency other 

than the Feather River Air Quality Management District. 

References

1. El Dorado County AQMD Rule 230, Adopted September 27, 1994. 

2. Feather River AQMD Rule 3.19, Adopted August 6, 1998. 

3. Placer County APCD Rule 234, Revised April 9, 1998. 

4. Sacramento Metro AQMD Rule 459, Revised October 2, 1997. 

5. Yolo-Solano AQMD Rule 2.26, Revised August 13, 1997. 

6. Draft Staff Report, Rule 459, SMAQMD, August 2001. 

7. Rule adoption files, Rule 459, SMAQMD. 

8. California Air Resources Board, Staff Report for The Proposed Suggested Control 

Measures Automotive Coatings, October 2005 

9. California ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category, Ozone SIP 

Sacramento NAA Projections (v1.06_RF980) 

www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/03sip/fcemssumcat_03v1.06.php. November 16, 2006 

10. Control Measure, FRAQMD – 3.19, February 2, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing PCAPCD-234 

Page C-98

Control Measure Number: PCAPCD - 234 

Control Measure Title: Automotive Refinishing Operations 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Automotive refinishing coatings are used on motor vehicles and other mobile 

equipment, primarily by auto body repair and paint shops and automotive dealerships. 

VOC emissions from the surface coating operations result from the evaporation of the 

organic solvents used in the coatings. These emissions occur in a number of places 

during the operation, including surface preparation and cleanup, application of the 

coating, drying of the parts, and cleanup of the application equipment. 

On October 20, 2005, CARB adopted a Suggested Control Measure (SCM) for 

automotive coatings. The SCM would introduce several significant changes into 

PCAPCD Rule 234, such as: 

• Consolidation of limits for Group I and Group II vehicles 

• Consolidation of the precoats, primers, primer sealers, and primer surfacers 

categories 

• Deletion of the multi-stage topcoats category, and replacement with separate 

limits for color coats and clear coats 

• Elimination of the specialty coatings category, with specific limits for each type of 

coating, and a general limit applicable to all other coatings. 

• Lower VOC limits for most coating categories. 

The proposed control measure will evaluate the information from CARB’s SCM and 

propose amendments to Rule 234. 

Emission Inventory – 2018

VOC Planning Inventory (tpd) 

EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

230-218-9000-0000 

Automobile Refinish Coatings, 

Unspecified 0.1836 

Emission Reductions

VOC Emission Reduction (tpd) 

EIC Description 

Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

date 2018 

Automobile Refinish 

Coatings 2015 2017 0.045 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing PCAPCD-234 

Page C-99

Cost Effectiveness

CARB estimated the overall, statewide cost effectiveness of the SCM to be $1.43 per 

pound of VOC reduced. The annual cost for this measure is approximately $57,229/yr. 

Authority

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 40702

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the PCAPCD through Rule 234. 

References

1. El Dorado County AQMD Rule 230, Adopted September 27, 1994. 

2. Feather River AQMD Rule 3.19, Adopted August 6, 1998. 

3. Placer County APCD Rule 234, Revised April 9, 1998. 

4. Sacramento Metro AQMD Rule 459, Revised October 2, 1997. 

5. Yolo-Solano AQMD Rule 2.26, Revised August 13, 1997. 

6. Draft Staff Report, Rule 459, SMAQMD, August 2001. 

7. Rule adoption files, Rule 459, SMAQMD. 

8. Staff Report for the Proposed Suggested Control Measure for Automotive Coating, 

CARB, October 2005. 

9. “ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning 

Projections v1.06 RF #980”. November 16, 2006. 

10. Control Measure, PCAPCD 234, February 5, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing YSAQMD-2.26 

Page C-100

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.26 

Control Measure Title: Automotive Refinishing 

Date: February 5, 2007

Control Measure Description

Automotive refinishing coatings are used on motor vehicles and other mobile 

equipment, primarily by auto body repair and paint shops and automotive dealerships. 

VOC emissions from the surface coating operations result from the evaporation of the 

organic solvents used in the coatings. These emissions occur in a number of places 

during the operation, including surface preparation and cleanup, application of the 

coating, drying of the parts, and cleanup of the application equipment. 

On October 20, 2005, CARB adopted a Suggested Control Measure (SCM) for 

automotive coatings. The SCM would introduce several significant changes into 

YSAQMD Rule 2.26, Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Coating Operation: 

• Consolidation of limits for Group I and Group II vehicles 

• Consolidation of the precoats, primers, primer sealers, and primer surfacers 

categories 

• Deletion of the multi-stage topcoats category, and replacement with separate 

limits for color coats and clear coats 

• Elimination of the specialty coatings category, with specific limits for each type of 

coating, and a general limit applicable to all other coatings. 

• Lower VOC limits for most coating categories. 

The proposed control measure will evaluate the information from CARB’s SCM and 

propose amendments to Rule 2.26. 

Emission Inventory –2018

VOC Planning Inventory (tpd) EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

230-218-9000-0000 Coatings 0.0907 

230-218-9050-0000 Topcoats 0.0809 

230-240-8300-0000 Thinning and Cleanup Solvents 0.0169 

Total 0.1885 

Emission Reductions

VOC Emission Reduction (tpd) EIC Description Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Automotive Refinishing 2008 2009-2010 0.0581 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Automotive Refinishing YSAQMD-2.26 

Page C-101

Cost Effectiveness

The SCM staff report calculates that the annualized cost to for facilities with a single 

booth with no heater and an annual revenue less than $1 million, to be $1,648 (Page C5). The cost includes upgrades to existing air moving/heating equipment, the purchasing 

of new application equipment, and worker training. This cost has been annualized over 

15 years for major non-recurring costs, over 5 years for all other costs, and then 

adjusted for capitol cost recovery. The SCM estimates the recurring costs of equipment 

operation and maintenance, and the increased coating costs, to be $533 per year. 

Therefore, the total annual cost to facilities is estimated to be $2,181. Adjusting for 

inflation in 2008, the annual cost becomes $2,344.58. Currently there are 80 permitted 

sources that will be affected by this proposed control measure. The annual ROG 

emission reductions have been calculated using the emission inventory estimates over 

a 5 day per week and 52 weeks per year operational schedule. 

Year 2018 

Lifetime Cost Effectiveness ($/ton) 

ROG $11,643 

Total Cost: $2,637,647 over 15 years (2008) 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the YSAQMD. 

References

1. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Staff Report for 

the Proposed Suggested Control Measure for Automotive Coatings; October 2005. 

2. Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections -

v1.06 RF#980; Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

3. Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, Rule 2.26, Motor Vehicle and Mobile 

Equipment Coating Operation; August 13, 1997. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 

Page C-102

Degreasing/ Solvent Cleaning 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning SMAQMD-454/466 

Page C-103

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 454/466 

Control Measure Title: Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 

Date: December 8, 2006 

Control Measure Description

Degreasing and solvent cleaning operations are performed by many commercial and 

industrial facilities. Solvents are used for surface preparation for further processing and 

cleaning after manufacturing. Degreasing is widely used by automotive repair and 

maintenance facilities and by electric apparatus and electronic component 

manufacturing or repair, construction trades, printing shops, metal parts and products, 

can coating, and other types of commercial and manufacturing facilities. Solvents are 

also used by coating operations for cleaning of coating application equipment such as 

spray guns and brushes. 

This measure will consider lowering VOC content limits in several SMAQMD rules. Staff 

will consider lower limits that have been implemented by the South Coast district. Any of 

the following SMAQMD rules may be affected by this proposed control measure if lower 

limits are feasible and cost effective in Sacramento: 

Cold Cleaning/Degreasing 

• Rule 454, Degreasing Operations 

Handwiping 

• Rule 464, Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Operations 

• Rule 465, Polyester Resin Operations 

• Rule 466, Solvent Cleaning 

Thinning/cleanup solvents 

• Rule 450, Graphic Arts Operations 

• Rule 451, Surface Coating Of Miscellaneous Metal Parts And Products 

• Rule 452, Can Coating 

• Rule 456, Aerospace Assembly And Component Coating Operations 

• Rule 463, Wood Products Coatings 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning SMAQMD-454/466 

Page C-104

Emission Inventory – 2018 

ROG Planning 

EIC Code EIC Description Inventory (Tons/day) 

2018 

220-204-0500-0000 Cold Cleaning – Petroleum Naptha 0.5219 

220-204-3022-0000 Cold Cleaning – Alcohols (Unspecified) 0.0156 

220-204-3083-0000 Cold Cleaning – Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0035 

220-204-3176-0000 Cold Cleaning – Glycol Ethers (Unspecified) 0.001 

220-204-3202-0000 Cold Cleaning – Isopropanol 0.0011 

220-204-3204-0000 Cold Cleaning – Ketones (Unspecified) 0.0006 

220-204-3333-0000 Cold Cleaning – Terpenes (Unspecified) 0.0081 

220-204-3339-0000 Cold Cleaning – Toluene/Xylene 0.0005 

220-204-8104-0000 Cold Cleaning – Degreasing Solvents – Pure (Unspecified) 0.0002 

220-204-8106-0000 Cold Cleaning – Degreasing Solvents – Blends (Unspecified) 0.071 

220-206-3083-0000 Vapor Degreaser – Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0019 

220-206-3107-0000 Vapor Degreaser – Dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC-141B) 0.0002 

220-206-3301-0000 Vapor Degreaser – Perfluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0004 

220-206-3346-0000 Vapor Degreaser – Trichloroethylene (TCE) 0.0022 

220-208-0500-0000 Handwiping – Petroleum Naphtha 0.0824 

220-208-3022-0000 Handwiping – Alcohols (Unspecified) 0.0373 

220-208-3083-0000 Handwiping – Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0004 

220-208-3176-0000 Handwiping – Glycol Ethers (Unspecified) 0.0078 

220-208-3204-0000 Handwiping – Ketones (Unspecified) 0.0283 

220-208-3333-0000 Handwiping – Terpenes (Unspecified) 0.0002 

220-208-3339-0000 Handwiping – Toluene/Xylene 0.0073 

220-208-3346-0000 Handwiping – Trichloroethylene (TCE) 0.0007 

220-208-8104-0000 Handwiping – Degreasing Solvents- Pure (Unspecified) 0.0054 

220-208-8106-0000 Handwiping – Degreasing Solvents –Blends (Unspecified) 0.0172 

230-216-8350-0000 Coatings – Preparation Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0035 

230-240-8300-0000 Coatings – Thinning and Cleanup Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0042 

230-240-8302-0000 Coatings – Thinning Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0007 

230-240-8350-0000 Coatings – Cleanup Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0039 

240-240-3202-0000 Printing – Thinning and Cleanup Solvents – Isopropanol 0.0479 

240-240-3314-0000 Printing – Thinning and Cleanup Solvents – N-Propanol 0.0035 

240-240-8302-0000 Printing – Thinning Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0028 

240-995-8000-0000 Printing – Solvents (Unspecified) 0.8619 

299-995-8000-0000 Coatings – Other Solvents (Unspecified) 0.0027 

520-522-8300-0000 Architectural Coatings – Thinning and Cleanup Solvents 0.4651 

Total 2.2114 

Emission Reductions 

ROG Emission 

EIC Description Adoption date Implementation Date Reductions (Tons/day) 

2018 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning Categories 2008 2010-2011 0.5937 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning SMAQMD-454/466 

Page C-105

Cost Effectiveness

The overall cost effectiveness estimates for this control measure by individual rule are 

shown in the table below. 

Rule Cost Effectiveness 

450 – Graphic Arts Operations $3.70 per lb. of VOC reduced 

451 – Surface Coating of Misc. Metal 

Parts and Products 

Cost savings 

456 – Aerospace Assembly and 

Component Coating Operations 

Cost savings 

466 – Solvent Cleaning $3.70 per lb. of VOC reduced 

Other Degreasing/Solvent Rules No additional costs 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the SMAQMD. 

References

1. Sacramento Area Regional 2002 Milestone Report, Control Profiles Appendix, May 

2003. 

2. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006. 

3. Control Measure Calculation Spreadsheet, SMAQMD – 454/466, December 12, 

2006. 

4. SMAQMD Draft Staff Report on Amendments to Degreasing/Solvent Rules, March 

28, 2008, posted on SMAQMD website under recently proposed rules and 

regulations: www.airquality.org/rules/ 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning EDCAQMD-225/235 

Page C-106

Control Measure Number: EDCAQMD – 225/235 

Control Measure Title: Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning 

Date: May 20, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in solvents 

used for degreasing and surface preparation in many commercial and industrial 

facilities. Solvents are used for surface preparation for further processing and cleaning 

after manufacturing. Degreasing is widely used by automotive repair and maintenance 

facilities and by other types of commercial and manufacturing facilities. 

The existing Rule 225-Solvent Cleaning Operations was adopted on September 27, 

1994 and Rule 235-Surface Preparation and Cleanup was adopted on June 27, 1995. 

Placer County Air Pollution Control District (PCAPCD) and Sacramento Metropolitan Air 

Quality Management District (SMAQMD) have revised their degreasing rules and their 

solvent cleaning rules in recent years to replace general solvent cleaning with aqueous 

cleaners or exempt solvent cleaners. This control measure would adopt similar 

measures in El Dorado County. 

Emission Inventory –2018 

ROG Planning Inventory 

EIC Code EIC Description Tons/day 

2018

220-204-0500-0000 COLD CLEANING-PETROLEUM NAPHTHA 0.0770 

220-204-3022-0000 COLD CLEANING-ALCOHOLS (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0019 

220-204-3083-0000 

COLD CLEANING-CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS 

(UNSPECIFIED) 0.0002 

220-204-3333-0000 COLD CLEANING-TERPENES (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0010 

220-204-8106-0000 

COLD CLEANING-DEGREASING SOLVENTS-BLENDS 

(UNSPECIFIED) 0.0076 

Total Cold Cleaning 0.0877 

220-208-0500-0000 WIPE-PETROLEUM NAPHTHA 0.0138 

220-208-3022-0000 WIPE -ALCOHOLS (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0062 

220-208-3176-0000 WIPE –GLYCOL ETHERS (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0010 

220-208-3204-0000 WIPE - KETONES (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0041 

220-208-3339-0000 WIPE –TOLUENE/XYLENE 0.0005 

220-208-8104-0000 WIPE -DEGREASING SOLVENTS-PURE (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0005 

220-208-8106-0000 WIPE -DEGREASING SOLVENTS-BLENDS (UNSPECIFIED) 0.0025 

Total Wipe 0.0286 

Total 0.1163 

Emission Reductions 

EIC Description Adoption 

date 

Implementation 

Date 

ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day 

 2018 

Solvent Cleaning and 

Degreasing Categories 2013 2015 0.0764 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning EDCAQMD-225/235 

Page C-107

Cost Effectiveness

The proposed VOC limits are already in place in a number of air districts. Based on the 

PCAPCD staff reports for their rules, the cost impact of changing from solvent based 

cleaners to aqueous based cleaners is minimal. These cost-effectiveness estimates will 

be used as representative of the economic relationships of suppliers and users within El 

Dorado County. 

Authority

The above control measure will be implemented by amendment to the existing Rule 225 

and Rule 235. The El Dorado Air Quality Management District has the authority to 

propose rules and regulations to the District Board for adoption under HSC 40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the El Dorado County Air Quality Management District. 

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980 

November 16, 2006) 

2. PCAPCD Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 240-Surface Cleaning and 

Degreasing, dated December 11, 2003 

3. PCAPCD Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 216-Organic Solvent Cleaning 

and Degreasing Operations, dated December 11, 2003 

4. Control Measure 215 Calculation Spreadsheet, SMAQMD, January 30, 2007 

5. Control Measure EDCAQMD – 225, January 30, 2007 

6. Control Measure EDCAQMD – 235, January 30, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning FRAQMD-3.14 

Page C-108

Control Measure Number: FRAQMD - 3.14 

Control Measure Title: Solvent Degreasing 

Date: February 2, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Degreasing and solvent cleaning operations are performed by many commercial and 

industrial facilities. Solvents are used for surface preparation for further processing and 

cleaning after manufacturing. Degreasing is widely used by automotive repair and 

maintenance facilities and by electric apparatus and electronic component 

manufacturing or repair, construction trades, printing shops, metal parts and products, 

can coating, and other types of commercial and manufacturing facilities. Solvents are 

also used by coating operations for cleaning of coating application equipment such as 

spray guns and brushes. 

The existing Rule 3.14- Solvent Degreasing was adopted in June 1991. Both Placer 

County Air Pollution Control District (PCAPCD) and Sacramento Metropolitan Air 

Quality Management District (SMAQMD) have revised their degreasing and surface 

preparation and cleanup rules in recent years to replace general solvent cleaning with 

aqueous cleaners or exempt solvent cleaners. This control measure will evaluate 

implementing similar limits in Sutter and Yuba Counties if they are feasible and cost 

effective. 

Emission Inventory –2018

The population growth rate in South Sutter is purely based on the current Sutter County 

population growth rate projected by SACOG. The potential growth of proposed South 

Sutter Specific Plan (now called Sutter Pointe Specific Plan) is not factored in. 

ROG Planning Inventory (Tons/day) EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

220-204-0500-0000 Cold Cleaning – Petroleum Naptha 0.0069 

220-208-0500-0000 Handwiping – Petroleum Naphtha 0.0007 

Total 0.0076 

Emission Reductions

ROG Emission reductions (Tons/day) EIC Description Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Degreasing/Solvent 

Cleaning <2012 <2012 0.0006 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning FRAQMD-3.14 

Page C-109

Cost Effectiveness

Based on the Placer County Air Pollution Control District staff report for Rule 216-

Organic Solvent Cleaning and Degreasing Operations, the cost impact of changing from 

solvent based cleaners to aqueous based cleaners is minimal. 

Authority

The above control measure will be implemented by amendment to the existing Rule 

3.14 Solvent Degreasing. The Feather River Air Quality Management District has the 

authority to propose rules and regulations to the District Board for adoption under HSC 

40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the Feather River Air Quality Management District. 

References

1. California ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category, Ozone SIP 

Sacramento NAA Projections (v1.06_RF980) 

www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/03sip/fcemssumcat_03v1.06.php. November 16, 2006 

2. Placer County Air Pollution Control District Staff Report for Rule 216, December 11, 

2003 

3. Control Measure, FRAQMD 3.14, February 2, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning YSAQMD-2.24/2.31 

Page C-110

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.24/2.31 

Control Measure Title: General Surface Preparation/Cleanup and Degreasing 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Degreasing and solvent cleaning operations are performed by many commercial and 

industrial facilities. Solvents are used for surface preparation for further processing and 

cleaning after manufacturing. Degreasing is widely used by automotive repair and 

maintenance facilities and by electric apparatus and electronic component 

manufacturing or repair, construction trades, printing shops, metal parts and products, 

can coating, and other types of commercial and manufacturing facilities. Solvents are 

also used by coating operations for cleaning of coating application equipment such as 

spray guns and brushes. 

The proposed control measure consists of the District revising the ROG limits of Rule 

2.131

 (Organic Solvents), Rule 2.242 (Solvent Cleaning Operations - Degreasing), and 

Rule 2.313

 (Surface Preparation and Cleanup) to match the ROG limits currently 

feasible and required by South Coast AQMD’s Rule 11224

 (Solvent Degreasers) and 

Rule 11715

 (Solvent Cleaning Operations). It is expected that most of the ROG-content 

limits will be reduced to 25 grams per liter (g/L). 

Emission Inventory – 2018

ROG Planning Inventory (Tons/day) EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

22020405000000 0500-Petroleum Naphtha 0.4243 

22020430220000 3022-Alcohols (Unspecified) 0.0089 

22020430830000 3083-Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0006 

22020431760000 3176-Glycol Ethers (Unspecified) 0.0008 

22020432040000 3204-Ketones (Unspecified) 0.0003 

22020433330000 3333-Terpenes (Unspecified) 0.0035 

22020481060000 8106-Degreasing Solvents - Blends 

(Unspecified) 0.0265 

22020630830000 3083-Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0005 

22020633460000 3346-Trichloroethylene (Tce) 0.0004 

22020805000000 0500-Petroleum Naphtha 0.0359 

22020830220000 3022-Alcohols (Unspecified) 0.0193 

22020830830000 3083-Chlorofluorocarbons (Unspecified) 0.0000 

22020831760000 3176-Glycol Ethers (Unspecified) 0.0039 

22020832040000 3204-Ketones (Unspecified) 0.0145 

22020833390000 3339-Toluene/xylene 0.0035 

22020833460000 3346-Trichloroethylene (Tce) 0.0004 

22020881040000 8104-Degreasing Solvents - Pure (Unspecified 0.0029 

22020881060000 8106-Degreasing Solvents - Blends 

(Unspecified) 0.0087 

Total 0.5549 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Degreasing/Solvent Cleaning YSAQMD-2.24/2.31 

Page C-111

Emission Reductions

ROG Emission Reduction (tpd) EIC Description Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Degreasing/Solvent 

Cleaning 2008 2009 0.762 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness for this control method varies depending on the type of cleaning 

being performed. Cost analysis was performed for each solvent cleaning application 

(e.g., electrical parts, architectural coatings application equipment). Switching to 

cleaners with lower VOC content would result in either cost decreases or increases, 

depending on the particular application. The costs are expected to range from a cost 

savings to $6.60/lb across the different applications. The overall cost effectiveness for 

this proposal is estimated at $2,398 per ton of VOC reduced. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the YSAQMD. 

References

1. Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, Rule 2.13, Organic Solvents; May 25, 

1994. 

2. ..., Rule 2.24, Solvent Cleaning Operations (Degreasing); August 13, 1997. 

3. ..., Rule 2.31, Surface Preparation and Cleanup; August 13,1997. 

4. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Rule 1122, Solvent Degreasers; 

October 1, 2004. 

5. ..., Rule 1171, Solvent Cleaning Operations; May 6, 2005. 

6. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - v1.06 RF#980; 

Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Graphic Arts 

Page C-112

Graphic Arts
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Graphic Arts YSAQMD-2.29 

Page C-113

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.29 

Control Measure Title: Graphic Arts 

Date: February 7, 2007 

Control Measure Description

VOC emissions from graphic art operations result from the evaporation of organic 

solvents in the inks, fountain solutions, and solvents used in the various types of printing 

processes. These operations produce a wide variety of printed products that include 

books, magazines, newspapers, fliers, posters, and packaging materials. These various 

types of products require that facilities use very specific materials and printing methods. 

The different types of printing methods include lithography, flexography, gravure, and 

letterpress. Although the District’s graphic arts rule (Rule 2.29) contains specific screen 

printing requirements, for the purposes of the SIP, the screen printing category will be 

grouped into the paper, fabric, and film coating category. 

For certain lithographic and flexographic printing operations heatset inks are used. 

These viscous inks are cured using indirect hot air dryers that evaporate the ink 

solvents immediately after printing. In the Yolo-Solano AQMD, smaller heatset presses 

are equipped with electric hot air or UV light dryers. However, the larger heatset 

presses are equipped with natural gas fired dryers. Currently, only a single flexographic 

printing facility is permitted to use a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO) to control the 

ROG emissions from its operation. Because no additional NOx controls are currently 

available for combustion devices being used as air pollution control equipment, NOx 

reductions associated with graphic arts operations will not be addressed in this control 

strategy. 

The first proposed control measure in reducing the ROG emissions would be to lower 

the District’s current rule exemption limit from 400 pounds per month to 60 pounds per 

month. The second proposed control measure is to revise the Districts' various cleaning 

solvent ROG limits to match the current Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD standards. 

The District’s ROG emission exemption is contained in Rule 2.29, Graphic Arts Printing 

Operations, while the allowable solvent limits are contained in District Rule 2.31, 

Solvent Preparation and Cleanup. 

Emission Inventory –2018

ROG Inventory for Control Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

24099580000000 Solvent 0.125 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Graphic Arts YSAQMD-2.29 

Page C-114

Emission Reductions

ROG Emission Reduction (tpd) EIC Description Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Solvent 2010 2012 Not available 

Yolo Solano Air Quality Management District does not have enough data to quantify the 

emission reduction. 

Cost Effectiveness

Because of the various types of solvents currently used in this wide source category 

and the unavailability of specific usage data, the District cannot perform a cost 

effectiveness calculation for this control measure. However, it is expected that because 

of the availability of the compliant products in the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality 

Management District, the added costs associated with purchasing and disposing of the 

ROG compliant materials will not greatly differ from the cost of the currently compliant 

ROG products. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the YSAQMD. 

References

1. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - V1.06 RF#980; 

Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

2. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Rule 450, Graphic Arts 

Operations; March 24, 2000. 

3. Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, Rule 2.29, Graphic Arts Printing 

Operations; August 13, 1997. 

4. Rule 2.31, Solvent Preparation and Cleanup; August 13, 1997.

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products 

Page C-115

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products EDCAQMD-246 

Page C-116

Control Measure Number: EDCAQMD - 246 

Control Measure Title: Coatings of Miscellaneous Metal Parts 

Date: May 20, 2008 

Control Measure Description

This control measure regulates the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in 

coatings applied to metal parts and products. The control measure will have specific 

limits for coatings on metals which mirror the Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG). 

Emission Inventory – 2018 

EIC Code ROG Planning Inventory 

EIC Description Tons/day 

2018 

230-230-9000-0000 METAL PARTS AND PRODUCTS COATINGS 0.0168 

Total 0.0168 

Emission Reductions 

EIC Description Adoption 

date 

Implementation 

Date 

ROG Emission Reduction Tons/day 

 2018 

Metal Parts Coating 

Categories 2009 2009 0.0027 

Cost Effectiveness

The proposed VOC limits are already in place in a number of air districts. Based on 

wide availability of compliant coatings, the cost impact of changing to lower VOC 

coatings is minimal. These cost-effectiveness estimates will be used as representative 

of the economic relationships of suppliers and users within El Dorado County. 

Authority

The above control measure will be implemented by adopting the new Rule 246 Surface 

Coating of Miscellaneous Parts and Products. The El Dorado Air Quality Management 

District has the authority to propose rules and regulations to the District Board for 

adoption under HSC 40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the El Dorado County Air Quality Management District. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products EDCAQMD-246 

Page C-117

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (RF#980 

November 16, 2006) 

2. Control Measure EDCAQMD - 246, January 30, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products PCAPCD-CM3 

Page C-118

Control Measure Number: PCAPCD - CM3 

Control Measure Title: Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This category is comprised of VOC emissions from the coating of miscellaneous metal 

parts and products including signs, storage and trash containers, door frames, window 

frames, panels, metal cabinets, caskets and various other metal coating operations. 

VOC emissions from the surface coating operations result from the evaporation of the 

organic solvents used in the coatings. These emissions occur in a number of places 

during the operation, including surface preparation and cleanup, application of the 

coating, drying of the parts, and cleanup of the application equipment. This control 

measure will only address the VOC emissions from the coating process. The surface 

preparation and cleanup VOC emissions are addressed under other measures. 

Staff evaluated the miscellaneous metal parts and products VOC limits that are included 

in EPA’s Control Technique Guideline for Metal Parts and Products. 

Emission Inventory – 2018

VOC Planning Inventory (tpd) EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

230-230-9000-0000 Metal Parts And Products 

Coating 0.0405 

Emission Reductions

VOC Emission Reductions (tpd) EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation 

Date 2018 

Metal Parts And 

Products Coating 2009 2009 0.014 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness for this measure has not been determined. Other VOC rules 

within the nonattainment area have ranged in cost effectiveness from $110 - $8,330 per 

ton of VOC reduced. 

Authority

The Placer County Air pollution Control District has the authority to propose rules and 

regulations to the District Board for adoption under HSC 40001. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products PCAPCD-CM3 

Page C-119

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the Placer County Air pollution Control District. 

References

1. California ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category, Ozone SIP 

Sacramento NAA Projections (v1.06_RF980) 

www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/03sip/fcemssumcat_03v1.06.php. November 16, 2006 

2. CARB’s Areawide Source Methodologies, Industrial Coatings, Updated February 

1990; Reissued October 1997 

3. Control Measure, PCAPCD CM3, February 5, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Natural Gas Production and Processing 

Page C-120

Natural Gas Production and Processing
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Natural Gas Production and Processing SMAQMD-461 

Page C-121

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 461 

Control Measure Title: Natural Gas Production and Processing 

Date: December 8, 2006 

Control Measure Description

There are several natural gas production fields within Sacramento County. Fugitive 

emissions of VOC from natural gas production occur from equipment leaks in valves, 

pumps, compressors, pressure relief devices, flanges, and threaded connections at gas 

wells and associated transmission systems. The proposed control measure would 

establish inspection and repair requirements for leaking components or other 

requirements to achieve similar results. 

Emission Inventory – 2018 

VOC Planning 

Inventory (tpd) 

EIC Code EIC Description 2018 

310-302-1600-0000 Oil and Gas Production Fugitive Losses - Valves 0.3279 

310-304-1600-0000 Oil and Gas Production Fugitive Losses - Fittings 0.1348 

310-306-1600-0000 Oil and Gas Production Fugitive Losses - Pumps 0.0005 

310-308-1600-0000 Oil and Gas Production Fugitive Losses - Compressors 0.0014 

Total 0.4646 

Note: The inventory in the above table is based on the current CARB planning 

inventory. However, the District conducted a survey of natural gas producers in 2004 

that produced an emission estimate of only 0.161 tons/day from fugitive components. 

 

Emission Reductions

VOC Emission Reduction 

EIC Description (tpd) Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

Fugitive Emissions – Oil and Gas 

Production 2011 2012 0.116-0.334 

Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness of the leak detections and repair program was estimated by 

CARB in the 1993 RACT determination document at $3.70 per pound in 1989 dollars. 

Adjusted for inflation, this is equivalent to $11,900 per ton in 2006 dollars. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Natural Gas Production and Processing SMAQMD-461 

Page C-122

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the SMAQMD. 

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006 

2. Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates, EPA-453/R-95-017, U.S. EPA, 

November 1995. 

3. Determination of Reasonably Available Control Technology for the Control of 

Fugitive Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Gas Production and 

Processing Facilities, Refineries, Chemical Plants, and Pipeline Transfer Stations, 

California Air Resources Board, December 1993. 

4. Control Measure, SMAQMD – 461, December 8, 2006 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

NOx Control Measures 

Page C-123

NOx Control Measures 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Asphalt Concrete 

Page C-124

Asphalt Concrete
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Asphalt Concrete SMAQMD-471 

Page C-125

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 471 

Control Measure Title: Asphaltic Concrete 

Date: December 11, 2006 

Control Measure Description

Asphaltic concrete, or hot-mix pavement material, is produced in both continuous and 

batch plants; some of the latter are portable. The process involves heating aggregate in 

a rotary dryer to approximately 300 °F and mixing it with melted asphalt cement refined 

from petroleum. This measure targets NOx emissions from the burners used to heat the 

dryer. NOx emissions also come from heaters used to melt asphalt cement, and from 

stationary internal combustion engines. 

The control of dryer NOx emissions may be accomplished by controlling the burners 

used to heat the dryer. Nearly all plants in the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality 

Management District (SMAQMD) are fired with natural gas. The concentration of NOx 

discharged from uncontrolled burners is typically over 100 parts per million, volumetric 

dry (ppmvd) @ 3% O2, or about 0.016 pounds per ton. This measure will consider the 

use of low NOx burners and flue gas recirculation (FGR) to reduce these emissions. A 

similar control measure (Rule 4309 – Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens) was adopted by 

the San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD and applies to dryers at asphaltic concrete plants. 

Emission Inventory –2018 

NOx Inventory for Control Measure (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 2018 

430-424-7006-0000 Asphaltic Concrete Production 0.2087 

Emission Reductions 

NOx Emission Reduction 

(tpd) EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date 

2018 

Asphaltic Concrete Production 2012 2014 0.1326 

Cost Effectiveness

In the December 15, 2005 staff report for Rule 4309. San Joaquin district staff estimated 

the cost effectiveness of NOx controls for asphaltic concrete plants to range from 

$17,600 to $42,300 per ton of NOx reduced. Cost effectiveness in the SMAQMD is 

expected to be similar. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Asphalt Concrete SMAQMD-471 

Page C-126

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the SMAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District is the implementing 

agency. 

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.0, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006. 

2. Control Measure, SMAQMD 471, September 14, 2006. 

3. Best Available Control Technology Guidelines, Part D: BACT Guidelines for NonMajor Polluting Facilities. South Coast Air Quality Management District. October 20, 

2000 (Revised July 9, 2004). 

4. San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District. Final Draft Staff Report for 

Rule 4309 (Dryers, Dehydrators, and Ovens). December 15, 2005. 

5. Economic Indicators. Chemical Engineering. May 2006. 

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. 

Control Cost Manual, Fourth Edition (EPA 450/3-90-006). U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. January 1990. 

7. Emission Factor Documentation for AP-42 Section 11.1, Hot Mix Asphalt Plants. 

Final Report. RTI International. Prepare for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Research Triangle Park, NC. February 2004. 

8. Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -- March 2006, Table 9, All workers in 

private industry, installation, maintenance, and repair. June 21, 2006 

9. Average Retail Price of Electricity by End-Use Sector. Energy Information 

Administration. Washington, D.C. Accessed August 16, 2006. Internet Address: 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epmxlfile5_6_b.xls. 

10. Natural Gas Prices. Energy Information Administration. Washington, D.C. Accessed 

August 16, 2006. Internet Address: 

 http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_SCA_m.htm. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Asphalt Concrete PCAPCD-CM1 

Page C-127

Control Measure Number: PCAPCD - CM1 

Control Measure Title: Asphalt Concrete Production 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Asphaltic concrete, or hot-mix pavement material, is produced in both continuous and 

batch plants; some of the latter are portable. The process involves heating aggregate in 

a rotary dryer to approximately 300 °F and mixing it with melted asphalt cement refined 

from petroleum. Most of the NOx emissions are from the burners used to heat the dryer, 

and those are the NOx emissions targeted by this control measure. Some ancillary NOx 

emissions come from heaters used to melt asphalt cement, and from stationary internal 

combustion engines. 

The control of dryer NOx emissions may be accomplished by controlling the burners 

used to heat the dryer. All the plants in the Placer County are fired with natural gas. The 

concentration of NOx discharged from uncontrolled burners is typically over 100 parts 

per million, volumetric dry (ppmvd), or about 0.016 pounds per ton. Use of low NOx 

burners and flue gas recirculation (FGR) is able to reduce these emissions to as low as 

30 ppmvd. There is little to no fuel penalty as a result of these controls, but a reduction 

in burner capacity of up to 20 percent may be required to avoid flame impingement on 

the inner surfaces of the dryer. This could result in lost production for plants when they 

are producing at close to their rated capacities. In order to control NOx emissions, 

plants must be retrofitted with low NOx burners and FGR. 

Emission Inventory –2018

NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 2018 

 430-424-7006-0000 Asphaltic Concrete Production 0.0624 

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission Reduction (tpd) 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation 

Date 2018 

Asphaltic Concrete 

Production 2013 2014 0.0364 

Cost Effectiveness

It is assumed that the equipment has a 20 year life, an interest rate of 3%, and the cost 

of running two plants in Placer County is $360,000. The estimated cost effectiveness is 

$5,675/ton of NOx reduced. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Asphalt Concrete PCAPCD-CM1 

Page C-128

Authority

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 40702 

Implementation

The Placer County Air Pollution Control District is the implementing agency. 

References

1. References are shown in footnotes. 

2. Draft Final Sacramento Off-road Measures, Control Measure SN-59, Asphalt 

Concrete Production, Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD, October 14, 2003. 

3. “ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections 

v1.06 RF #980”. www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/0#sip/fcemssumcat_0#v106.php. 

November 16, 2006. 

4. Control Measure, PCAPCD CM1, February 7, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 

Page C-129

Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters YSAQMD-2.27 

Page C-130

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.27 

Control Measure Title: Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters/Space 

Heaters 

Date: February 6, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Boilers and steam generators are used to provide hot water and steam for a variety of 

industrial and commercial applications. These applications include space heating, food 

processing, garment laundering, and equipment sterilization. Manufacturing operations 

use process heaters to heat materials or equipment during the manufacturing process. 

The equipment burners can be fired on solid, liquid or gaseous fuels. A unit’s maximum 

input rating can be calculated from the fuel heat input value over an hour’s time and is 

reported in British Thermal Units per hour (MMBTU/hr). Per regulatory convention, the 

emissions from these types of units are reported in parts per million (ppm) corrected to 

3% oxygen (O2). 

The proposed control measure consists of the District amending Rule 2.27 (Industrial, 

Institutional, and Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters) to 

incorporate a multi-tiered NOx emission limit. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

EIC Code EIC Description NOx Planning Inventory (tpd)

 2018

5000501100000 Manufacturing and Industrial Boilers, Natural Gas Fuel 0.0302

5001001100000 Manufacturing and Industrial Boilers, Propane Fuel 0.0068

5099501100000 Manufacturing and Industrial Process Heaters, Natural Gas 

Fuel 0.8936

5200501100000 Manufacturing and Industrial Process Heaters, Distillate Oil 

Fuel 0.141

5201001100000 Manufacturing and Industrial Oven Heaters (Forced Drying 

Surface Coatings), Natural Gas Fuel 0.0217

6000501100000 Manufacturing and Industrial, Other, Natural Gas Fuel 0.1428

6001001100000 Manufacturing and Industrial, Other, LPG Fuel 0.0078

6099501100000 Food and Agricultural Process Boilers, Natural Gas Fuel 0.6945

31035601100000 Food and Agricultural Process Heaters, Natural Gas Fuel 0.0099

Total 1.9483

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission Reduction Tons/day EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation 

Date 2018 

Boilers 2010 2012 0.2883 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters YSAQMD-2.27 

Page C-131

Cost Effectiveness

From an analysis performed by the Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD in 20032

, the cost 

for boiler retrofits will vary on the size, the type, and the age of an individual unit. It is 

expected that some of the older units that have reached the end of their service lives 

may be replaced instead of being retrofitted with low-NOx equipment or postcombustion controls. Based on this analysis, the cost of equipment modifications 

ranged from $12,664 - $23,359 per ton of NOx reduced. Adjusted for inflation, the 

expected cost in 2007 will be $13,934 - $25,718. 

 

Total Cost: $17,924,227 - $33,061,593 over a 15 year equipment useful life (2007). 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the YSAQMD through Rule 2.27. 

References

1. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - v1.06 RF#980; 

Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

2. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Final Draft –

Sacramento Off-Road Measures: Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process 

Heaters/Space Heaters, October 14, 2003. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines 

Page C-132

IC Engines
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines SMAQMD-412 

Page C-133

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 412 

Control Measure Title: IC Engines 

Date: December 7, 2006 

Control Measure Description

Internal combustion (IC) engines are used at a wide variety of stationary sources 

including hospitals, farms, and natural gas fields. Approximately 93% of the engines 

currently permitted with the district are designated as emergency standby engines that 

only operate for maintenance and emergency purposes. These engines are in place to 

provide backup power or operate fire pumps while prime powered engines could be 

used continuously. 

IC engines are typically classified by the method in which the fuel is ignited. 

Compression ignited engines are diesel fueled and are typically used as emergency 

standby engines and in agricultural operations. Spark ignited engines can use natural 

gas, propane, gasoline, or other fuels as source of energy. Typically, natural gas is used 

in prime powered spark ignited engines where most of the prime powered engines are 

used in the process of natural gas compression. Spark ignited engines can be further 

classified as rich or lean burn depending upon the amount of air that is mixed with the 

fuel before it is ignited. 

The pollutants that are created during the combustion process that are of primary 

concern for the District are NOx, CO, and VOC. Some of the standard methods for 

controlling these pollutants from IC engines include selective and non-selective catalytic 

reduction, low emission combustion technologies, NOx absorbers, and engine 

replacement. Additionally, diesel particulate matter (PM), which has been identified as a 

carcinogen and an air toxic contaminant, is a large concern, but has primarily been 

addressed in the State’s air toxic control measure for compression ignited engine PM. 

The proposed control measure would establish emission standards for stationary 

engines. 

This control measure will not be addressing engines used in agricultural processes. The 

California Air Resources Board (CARB) established new standards in the diesel engine 

particulate air toxic control measure (ATCM) for engines used in agricultural processes. 

CARB has stated that the anticipated method of compliance to meet their newly 

proposed standards is replacement with EPA certified Tier 3 or 4 engines. The 

proposed amendments to the ATCM will also require the replacement engine to 

maintain the NOx standards for that particular Tier engine. Therefore, additional local 

control measures would likely duplicate the state measure. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines SMAQMD-412 

Page C-134

Emission Inventory –2018 

NOx Inventory 

for Control 

Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 

2018 

010-040-0142-0000 IC Engines, Electric Utilities - Landfill Gas 0.1098 

030-040-0100-0000 IC Engines, Oil and Gas Production – Gaseous Fuel (Unspecified) 0.0773 

050-040-0110-0000 IC Engines, Mfg. and Industrial - Natural Gas 0.5616 

050-040-0124-0000 IC Engines, Mfg. and Industrial – Propane 0 

050-040-1200-0000 IC Engines, Mfg. and Industrial – Diesel 0.0443 

052-042-0110-0000 IC Engines, Food and Ag Processing - Natural Gas 0.1119 

052-042-1200-0000 IC Engines, Food and Ag Processing – Diesel 0.2313 

060-040-0110-0000 IC Engines, Service and Commercial - Natural Gas 0.0114 

060-040-1200-0000 IC Engines, Service and Commercial – Diesel 0.0179 

099-040-1200-0000 IC Engines, Other – Diesel 0.3914 

Total 1.5569 

Emission Reductions 

NOx Emission Reduction 

(tpd) EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date 

2018 

IC Engines 2011 2013 0.0131 

Cost Effectiveness

In estimating cost effectiveness, staff assumed that all spark ignited engines would 

either upgrade or install new non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) systems, which is 

the most cost effective option for meeting BARCT standards. Additionally, staff assumes 

that the method of compliance for prime power diesel engines is to electrify. Staff 

estimates that by electrifying this diesel engine there will be a cost savings of 

approximately $5,000 annually. For all other engines affected by this rule, including 

capital, testing, and operational costs, the total cost effectiveness of the control 

measure is approximately $11,500 per ton of NOx reduced. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the SMAQMD. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines SMAQMD-412 

Page C-135

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006 

2. CARB November 2001 Determination of Reasonably Available Control Technology 

and Best Available Retrofit Control Technology for Stationary Spark-Ignited Internal 

Combustion Engines 

3. Section 93115, Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations, Airborne Toxic Control 

Measure for Stationary Compression Ignition Engines 

4. South Coast AQMD Rule 1110.2 

5. San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Rule 4702 

6. Ventura County APCD Rule 74.9 

7. Control Measure, SMAQMD 412, December 7, 2006 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines FRAQMD-3.22 

Page C-136

Control Measure Number: FRAQMD - 3.22 

Control Measure Title: Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Non-Agricultural) 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Internal combustion (IC) engines are in place at a wide variety of stationary sources. 

Use times range from a few hours a month for emergency standby engines to full-time 

for engines that are used as prime power. Standby engines tend to have small 

horsepower ratings (under 300) and may be in place to operate fire pumps or to provide 

backup power in case of an electrical outage, while engines that provide prime power 

are larger (often over 600 hp) and usage may be constant. 

The most common fuel type for emergency standby engines is diesel, and for prime 

power engines, natural gas. Other fuels such as propane, gasoline, and landfill gas are 

also used occasionally, depending on the engine application. Many of the natural gas 

engines are in remote locations and used to compress natural gas from natural gas 

wells. These engines can be either lean burn or rich burn. The pollutants of primary 

concern that result from the combustion process are NOx and CO; however, recent 

rulemaking efforts at the statewide level have focused on diesel PM, which has been 

identified as a carcinogen and a toxic air contaminant. SOx and ROG also result from 

the combustion process. 

The proposed control measure would establish emission standards for non-agricultural 

stationary IC engines. 

EIC Emission Inventory:

The population growth rate in South Sutter is purely based on the current Sutter County 

population growth rate projected by SACOG. The potential growth of proposed South 

Sutter Specific Plan (now called Sutter Pointe Specific Plan) is not factored in. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 2018 

060-995-1220-0000 Service and Commercial, Other, 

Distillate 0.002 

099-995-0000-0000 Fuel Combustion (other) 0.018 

Total 0.020 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines FRAQMD-3.22 

Page C-137

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission Reductions (tpd) 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date 2018 

IC Engines 2010 2011 0.0045 

Cost Effectiveness 

The cost effectiveness is estimated to be $11,500 per ton of NOx reduced. 

Implementation

The Feather River Air Quality Management District proposes to implement this rule in 

2011. 

Authority

Feather River Air Quality Management District has the authority to regulating stationary 

internal combustion engines is within provisions of the California Health and Safety 

Code. 

References

1. Placer County Air Pollution Control District Rule 242 Internal Combustion Engines 

2. South Coast AQMD Rule 1110.2, Emissions from Gaseous and Liquid-Fueled 

Engines 

3. San Joaquin 2002 and 2005 Rate of Progress Plan 

4. Draft Final Sacramento Off-road Measures, Control Measure D-20, Cogeneration/IC 

Engines, Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD, October 14, 2003. 

5. “ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections 

v1.06 RF #980”. www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/0#sip/fcemssumcat_0#v106.php. 

November 16, 2006. 

6. Control Measure, FRAQMD 3.22, February 2, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines YSAQMD-2.32 

Page C-138

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.32 

Control Measure Title: Stationary Internal Combustion (IC) Engines 

Date: February 1, 2007 

Control Measure Description

Internal combustion (IC) engines are used at a wide variety of stationary sources 

including hospitals, farms, and natural gas fields. IC engines are typically classified by 

the method in which the fuel is ignited. Compression ignited engines are diesel fueled 

and are typically used as emergency standby engines and in agricultural operations. 

Spark ignited engines can use natural gas, propane, gasoline, or other fuels as source 

of energy. Typically, natural gas is used in prime powered spark ignited engines where 

most of the prime powered engines are used in the process of natural gas compression. 

Spark ignited engines can be further classified as rich or lean burn depending upon the 

amount of air that is mixed with the fuel before it is ignited. 

The pollutants that are created during the combustion process that are of primary 

concern for the District are NOx, CO, and VOC. Some of the standard methods for 

controlling these pollutants from IC engines include selective and non-selective catalytic 

reduction, low emission combustion technologies, NOx absorbers, and engine 

replacement. Additionally, diesel particulate matter (PM), which has been identified as a 

carcinogen and an air toxic contaminant, is a large concern, but has primarily been 

addressed in the State’s air toxic control measure for compression ignited engine PM. 

The proposed control measure benefits were calculated assuming changed applicability 

of Rule 2.32 (Stationary IC Engines) to incorporate the reduced NOx emission limits for 

the spark ignited rich burn and lean burn gaseous fired engines. 

This control measure will not be addressing engines used in agricultural processes. The 

California Air Resources Board (CARB) established new standards in the diesel engine 

particulate air toxic control measure (ATCM) for engines used in agricultural processes. 

CARB has stated that the anticipated method of compliance to meet their newly 

proposed standards is replacement with EPA certified Tier 3 or 4 engines. The 

proposed amendments to the ATCM will also require the replacement engine to 

maintain the NOx standards for that particular Tier engine. Therefore, additional local 

control measures would likely duplicate the state measure. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

IC Engines YSAQMD-2.32 

Page C-139

Emission Inventory –2018

NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 2018 

020-040-0110-0000 Cogeneration - Natural Gas 0.0092 

030-040-0110-0000 Oil and Gas Production - Natural 

Gas 0.2318 

Total 0.241 

Emission Reductions

 

NOx Emission Reduction (tpd) EIC Description Adoption 

Date 

Implementation 

Date 2018 

IC Engines 2010 2011 0.1187 

Cost Effectiveness

In estimating cost effectiveness, staff assumed that all spark ignited engines would 

either upgrade or install new non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) systems, which is 

the most cost effective option for meeting BARCT standards. Additionally, staff assumes 

that the method of compliance for prime power diesel engines is to electrify. Staff 

estimates that by electrifying this diesel engine there will be a cost savings of 

approximately $5,000 annually. For all other engines affected by this rule, including 

capital, testing, and operational costs, the total cost effectiveness of the control 

measure is approximately $11,500 per ton of NOx reduced. 

Authority

The District is authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and 

Safety Code Sections 40001, 40702, and 41010. 

Implementation

This control measure will be implemented by the YSAQMD through Rule 2.32. 

References

1. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - v1.06 RF#980; 

Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

2. Determination of Reasonably Available Control Technology and Best Available 

Retrofit Technology for Stationary Spark-Ignited Internal Combustion Engines; 

November 2001. 

 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters 

Page C-140

Water Heaters
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters SMAQMD-414 

Page C-141

Control Measure Number: SMAQMD - 414 

Control Measure Title: Water Heaters 

Date: February 7, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure would evaluate low NOx emission standards for new boilers and 

water heaters within the heat input range of 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr. At the current 

time, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) Rule 414 

(Natural Gas-Fired Water Heaters) sets NOx emission standards for water heaters with 

rated capacities of less than 75,000 Btu/hr. Likewise, SMAQMD Rule 411 (NOx from 

Boilers, Process Heaters, and Steam Generators) sets NOx standards for boilers with a 

rated heat capacity of 1,000,000 Btu/hr and higher. This control measure addresses 

boilers and water heaters that fall between the heat capacity ranges of Rule 414 and 

Rule 411 (i.e., from 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr). 

The heat input range addressed by this control measure generally applies to small 

commercial/industrial boilers and hot water heaters that predominantly burn natural gas 

and are used to heat water and generate steam. These units are used in a variety of 

applications, including in restaurants, retail stores, schools, hotels and office buildings. 

The smaller units in this heat input range (i.e., <300,000 Btu/hr) use the natural draft 

created by combustion of natural gas and air to transfer heat to the confined water and 

do not rely on fans or blowers to transport either air or combustion gases. These 

combustion units are known as “atmospheric” and are rather simple in their operation. 

The larger units in this heat input range (i.e., >300,000 Btu/hr) usually resemble small 

boilers because water circulates through a series of water tubes or water jackets close 

to the flow of hot gases and are heated as the gases flow around them. Burners on 

these units can be either atmospheric or forced draft. 

Emission Inventory –2018 

NOx Inventory for Control 

Measures (tpd) 

EIC Code 

 

EIC Description 2018 

 060-030-0110-0000 Service and Commercial Natural Gas Water Heating 0.3105 

 610-608-0110-0000 Residential Natural Gas Water Heating 1.5852 

Total 1.8957 

Emission Reductions 

NOx Emission Reductions 

(tpd) EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date 

2018 

Water Heaters 2009 2010-2012 1.1173 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters SMAQMD-414 

Page C-142

Cost Effectiveness

Cost effectiveness was estimated based upon economic analyses conducted by the 

SCAQMD for a similar measure. 

It was assumed that the economic conditions for equipment dealers in Sacramento 

County do not differ significantly than the economic conditions for equipment dealers in 

the South Cost area; therefore, the estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values 

were assumed to be appropriate for Sacramento. SCAQMD Rule 1121 and 1146.2 

amendments are not considered to be technology forcing and compliant heaters are 

already being manufactured and sold in the current consumer market. 

Based on cost effectiveness information from the SCAQMD rules, the overall cost 

effectiveness for the proposed measure is estimated to be $9,903/ton. 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the SMAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District is the implementing 

agency. 

References

1. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.04, Sacramento NAA (Rf#976), 

September 14, 2006. 

2. Control Measure, SMAQMD 414, September 14, 2006. 

3. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District Rule 414 (Natural GasFired Water Heaters). 

4. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District Rule 411 (NOx from 

Boilers, Process Heaters, and Steam Generators (Amended October 27, 2005). 

5. South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1146.2 (Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers and Process Heaters) 

(Amended May 5, 2006). 

6. South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1121 (Control of Nitrogen Oxides 

from Residential Type, Natural Gas-Fired Water Heaters) (Amended September 3, 

2004). 

7. South Coast Air Quality Management District - Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1146.2 (Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Large Water Heaters and Small 

Boilers and Process Heaters), April 2006. 

8. South Coast Air Quality Management District - Staff Report for Proposed Amended 

Rule 1121 (Control of Nitrogen Oxides from Residential Type, Natural Gas-Fired 

Water Heaters), November 1999. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters EDCAQMD-239 

Page C-143

Control Measure Number: EDCAQMD - 239 

Control Measure Title: Natural Gas-Fired Water Heaters 

Date: January 31, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure will evaluate low NOx limits for all new boilers and water heaters 

within a heat input range of less than 1,000,000 Btu/hr. At the current time, El Dorado 

County Air Quality Management District (EDCAQMD) Rule 239 (Natural Gas-Fired 

Water Heaters) sets NOx emission standards for water heaters with rated capacities of 

less than 75,000 Btu/hr. 

The heat input range addressed by this control measure generally applies to small 

commercial/industrial boilers and hot water heaters that predominantly burn natural gas 

and are used to heat water and generate steam. These units are used in a variety of 

applications, including in restaurants, retail stores, schools, hotels and office buildings. 

The smaller units in this heat input range (i.e., <300,000 Btu/hr) use the natural draft 

created by combustion of natural gas and air to transfer heat to the confined water and 

do not rely on fans or blowers to transport either air or combustion gases. These 

combustion units are known as “atmospheric” and are rather simple in their operation. 

The larger units in this heat input range (i.e., >300,000 Btu/hr) usually resemble small 

boilers because water circulates through a series of water tubes or water jackets close 

to the flow of hot gases and are heated as the gases flow around them. Burners on 

these units can be either atmospheric or forced draft. 

Emission Inventory –2018

 NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd)

EIC Code

 

EIC Description 2018

060-995-0110-0000 Service and Commercial (Other) 0.011

610-608-0110-0000 

Residential Natural Gas Water 

Heating 0.017

Total 0.028

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date Reductions (tpd)

2018

Water Heaters 2015 2016 0.0035

Cost Effectiveness

Based on the May 5, 2006 South Coast Air Quality Management District Staff Report for 

Rule 1146.2 Measures, the cost effectiveness ranges from $2400-$16,000/ton of NOx

reduced. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters EDCAQMD-239 

Page C-144

Authority

The above control measure will be implemented by amendment to the existing Rule 239 

Natural Gas-Fired Residential Water Heaters. The El Dorado Air Quality Management 

District has the authority to propose rules and regulations to the District Board for 

adoption under HSC 40001. 

Implementation

The implementation of this proposed control measure does not involve any other 

agency other than the El Dorado County Air Quality Management District. 

References

1. California ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category, Ozone SIP 

Sacramento NAA Projections (v1.06_RF980) 

www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/03sip/fcemssumcat_03v1.06.php. November 16, 2006 

2. South Coast Air Quality Management District Staff Report for Rule 1146.2, May 5, 

2006 

3. Control Measure, EDCAQMD 239, January 31, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters FRAQMD-3.23 

Page C-145

Control Measure Number: FRAQMD - 3.23 

Control Measure Title: Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure will evaluate low NOx limits for all new boilers and water heaters 

within the heat input range of 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr. This category includes small 

commercial/industrial boilers and hot water heaters that predominately burn natural gas 

and are used to heat water and generate steam. These units are used to heat water or 

create steam for a variety of purposes. Users of these units include restaurants, retail 

stores, schools, hotels and office buildings. The smaller units in this size range 

(<300,000 Btu/hr) use the natural draft created by combustion of natural gas and air to 

transfer heat to the confined water and do not rely on fans or blowers to transport either 

air or combustion gases. These combustion units are known as “atmospheric” and are 

rather simple in their operation. Units with heat inputs larger than 300,000 Btu/hr usually 

resemble small boilers because water circulates through a series of water tubes or 

water jackets close to the flow of hot gases and are heated as the gases flow around 

them. Burners on these units can be either atmospheric or forced draft. Currently 

Sacramento, Yolo/Solano, and El Dorado all have rules for natural gas fired water 

heaters that apply to units with a heat input of less than 75,000 Btu/hr but do not have a 

rule for larger units in the size range for this measure. 

Emission Inventory –2018

The population growth rate in south Sutter is purely based on the current Sutter County 

population growth rate projected by SACOG. The potential growth of proposed South 

Sutter Specific Plan (now called Sutter Pointe Specific Plan) is not factored in. 

 NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd)

EIC Code

 

EIC Description 2018

610-608-0110-0000

Residential Natural Gas Water 

Heating 0.0041

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date Reductions (tpd)

2018

Water Heaters 2016 2017 0.0001

Cost Effectiveness 

Cost effectiveness is expected to range between $9,000 and $21,308 per ton of NOx 

reduced. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters FRAQMD-3.23 

Page C-146

Authority

Feather River Air Quality Management District has the authority to regulating stationary 

internal combustion engines is within provisions of the California Health and Safety 

Code. 

References

1. Sonoma Technology Method Summary for Commercial Gas Fuel Usage and 

Emissions, September 16, 2002 

2. California Energy Commission 2000 natural gas database by natural gas usage and 

number of accounts by county and SIC code. 

3. Staff Report, Rule 1146.2, Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Large Water 

Heaters and Small Boilers, South Coast Air Quality Management District, January 

9, 1998 

4. Staff Report, Rule 74.11.1, Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers, Ventura County 

Air Pollution Control District, August 31, 1999 

5. Staff Report, Rule 360, Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Large Water Heaters 

and Small Boilers, Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District, October 17, 

2002. 

6. California ARB Forecasted Emissions by Summary Category, Ozone SIP 

Sacramento NAA Projections (v1.06_RF980) 

www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/03sip/fcemssumcat_03v1.06.php. November 16, 2006 

7. Control Measure, FRAQMD 3.23, February 5, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters PCAPCD-CM2 

Page C-147

Control Measure Number: PCAPCD - CM2 

Control Measure Title: Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers 

Date: February 5, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure will evaluate low NOx limits for all new boilers and water heaters 

within the heat input range of 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr. This category includes small 

commercial/industrial boilers and hot water heaters that predominately burn natural gas 

and are used to heat water and generate steam. These units are used to heat water or 

create steam for a variety of purposes. Users of these units include restaurants, retail 

stores, schools, hotels and office buildings. The smaller units in this size range 

(<300,000 Btu/hr) use the natural draft created by combustion of natural gas and air to 

transfer heat to the confined water and do not rely on fans or blowers to transport either 

air or combustion gases. These combustion units are known as “atmospheric” and are 

rather simple in their operation. Units with heat inputs larger than 300,000 Btu/hr usually 

resemble small boilers because water circulates through a series of water tubes or 

water jackets close to the flow of hot gases and are heated as the gases flow around 

them. Burners on these units can be either atmospheric or forced draft. Currently 

Sacramento, Yolo/Solano, and El Dorado all have rules for natural gas fired water 

heaters that apply to units with a heat input of less than 75,000 Btu/hr but do not have a 

rule for larger units in the size range for this measure. 

Emission Inventory –2018

 NOx Inventory for Control Measures (tpd)

EIC Code

 

EIC Description 2018

060-995-0110-0000 Service and Commercial (Other) 0.7827

610-608-0110-0000 

Residential Natural Gas Water 

Heating 0.2055

Total 0.9882

Emission Reductions

NOx Emission 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date Reductions (tpd)

2018

Residential Natural Gas 

Water Heating 2015 2017 0.030

Cost Effectiveness

The estimated cost effectiveness of this measure is $2,300 - $21,309/ton of NOx 

reduced. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters PCAPCD-CM2 

Page C-148

Authority

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 40702 

Implementation

The Placer County Air Pollution Control District is the implementing agency. 

References

1. SMAQMD Method Summary for natural gas consumption by commercial gas 

combustion categories by Hao Quinn, November 12, 2002. 

2. Sonoma Technology Method Summary for Commercial Gas Fuel Usage and 

Emissions, September 16, 2002 

3. California Energy Commission 2000 natural gas database by natural gas usage and 

number of accounts by county and SIC code. 

4. Database query of stationary fuel combustion and residential combustion from 7-

15-03 CEFS forecast output (provided by Larry Hunsaker, CARB). 

5. Communication with Ali Mohamad of the SMAQMD on July 24, 2003 to discuss 

SMAQMD staff report on Rule 411, Boiler NOx. 

6. Communication with Hao Quinn of the SMAQMD on July 29, 2003 to determine 

estimated fuel use and number of sources for large water heaters and small boilers. 

7. Staff Report, Rule 1146.2, Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Large Water 

Heaters and Small Boilers, South Coast Air Quality Management District, January 

9, 1998 

8. Staff Report, Rule 74.11.1, Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers, Ventura County 

Air Pollution Control District, August 31, 1999 

9. Staff Report, Rule 360, Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen from Large Water Heaters 

and Small Boilers, Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District, October 17, 

2002. 

10. Staff Report, Rule 411, NOx from Boilers, Process Heaters and Steam Generators, 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Pollution Control District, October 27, 2005. 

11. CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), 

November 16, 2006. 

12. Control Measure, PCAPCD CM2, February 5, 2007 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters YSAQMD-2.37 

Page C-149

Control Measure Number: YSAQMD – 2.37 

Control Measure Title: Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers 

Date: February 1, 2007 

Control Measure Description

This control measure will evaluate low NOx limits for all new boilers and water heaters 

within the heat input range of 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr. At the current time, YoloSolano Air Quality Management District (YSAQMD) Rule 2.37 (Natural Gas Fired 

Residential Water Heaters) sets NOx emission standards for water heaters with rated 

capacities of less than 75,000 Btu/hr. This control measure addresses boilers and water 

heaters that fall between the heat capacity ranges of 75,000 to 1,000,000 Btu/hr. 

The heat input range addressed by this control measure generally applies to small 

commercial/industrial boilers and hot water heaters that predominantly burn natural gas 

and are used to heat water and generate steam. These units are used in a variety of 

applications, including in restaurants, retail stores, schools, hotels and office buildings. 

The smaller units in this heat input range (i.e., <300,000 Btu/hr) use the natural draft 

created by combustion of natural gas and air to transfer heat to the confined water and 

do not rely on fans or blowers to transport either air or combustion gases. These 

combustion units are known as “atmospheric” and are rather simple in their operation. 

The larger units in this heat input range (i.e., >300,000 Btu/hr) usually resemble small 

boilers because water circulates through a series of water tubes or water jackets close 

to the flow of hot gases and are heated as the gases flow around them. Burners on 

these units can be either atmospheric or forced draft. 

Emission Inventory –2018

The Yolo-Solano planning emission inventory for water heaters is presented below for 

NOx and VOC, although this control measure pertains to NOx emissions, only. 

NOx Inventory for Control 

EIC Code EIC Description Measures (tpd)

2018

 052-005-0110-0000 Food and Agricultural Processing - Boilers 0.141

 052-010-0110-0000

Food and Agricultural Processing - Process 

Heaters 0.0217

 060-005-0110-0000 Service and Commercial - Boilers 0.1428

 060-010-0110-0000 Service and Commercial - Process Heaters 0.0078

 060-995-0110-0000 Service and Commercial - Other 0.6945

 310-356-0110-0000 Oil and Gas Production - Natural Gas Production 0.0099

 610-608-0110-0000 

Residential Fuel Combustion - Fuel Combustion - 

Water Heating 0.2322

 610-995-0110-0000 Residential Fuel Combustion - Other 0.0419

Total 1.2918

Emission Reductions
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Water Heaters YSAQMD-2.37 

Page C-150

NOx Emission 

EIC Description Adoption Date Implementation Date Reductions (tpd)

2018

Water Heaters 2009 2010 0.2403

Cost Effectiveness

Cost effectiveness was estimated based upon economic analyses conducted by the 

SCAQMD for a similar measure. 

It was assumed that the economic conditions for equipment dealers in the Yolo-Solano 

area do not differ significantly than the economic conditions for equipment dealers in the 

South Cost area; therefore, the estimated South Coast cost effectiveness values were 

assumed to be appropriate for Yolo-Solano. SCAQMD Rule 1121 and 1146.2 

amendments are not considered to be technology forcing and compliant heaters are 

already being manufactured and sold in the current consumer market. 

Based on cost effectiveness information from the SCAQMD rules, the overall cost 

effectiveness for the proposed measure is estimated to be $9,903/ton. 

Authority

Authority to implement this control measure by the SMAQMD is in accordance with 

California Health and Safety Code, Sections 40000, 40001, and 41010. 

Implementation

The Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District is the implementing agency. 

References

1. California Environmental Protection Agency – Air Resources Board, Forecasted 

Emissions by Summary Category Ozone SIP Planning Projections - v1.06 RF#980; 

Date of Last Update: November 16, 2006. 

2. Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, Rule 2.37, Natural Gas-Fired

Residential Water Heaters, November 9, 1994. 

3. South Coast Air Quality Management District; Rule 1146.2, Emissions of Oxides of 

Nitrogen from Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers and Process Heaters, Mat 5, 

2006. 

4. Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, Final Draft – Sacramento 

Off-Road Measures: Large Water Heaters and Small Boilers, October 14, 2003. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Further Study Measures 

Page C-151

Further Study Measures 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Further Study Measures 

Page C-152

Further Study Measures 

Further study measures are measures for which insufficient information was available during the 

development of the control strategy to allow the region to commit to them as control measures. 

The adoption of further study measures requires full evaluations of emission data, cost 

effectiveness, technological feasibility, and authority for implementation. If the evaluations show 

that the measures are viable control measures, they will be considered for adoption and 

implementation. 

This section includes the description of six further study measures. These measures are 

evaluated qualitatively for environmental impacts in this State Implementation Plan and will be 

evaluated quantitatively for the actual emission benefits and feasibility in the future. These 

further study measures are: 1) Heat Island Mitigation, 2) Alternative Energy, 3) Energy 

efficiency, 4) Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II, 5) Lubricants, and 6) Episodic Controls. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Heat Island 

Page C-153

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 1 

Control Measure Title: Urban Heat Island 

Control Measure Description:

The purpose of this control measure is to encourage activities that would lower ambient 

temperatures in urban areas. This control measure focuses on encouraging activities such as 

using lighter, more reflective surface materials and increased tree planting. 

This further study measure will evaluate the potential to develop programs that promote the use 

of light colored roofing and pavement materials, solar roofing membranes, and increased tree 

planting. Also programs to promote use of more reflective pavement and tree planting could be 

a required element for new sources, or could be included as recommendations through the 

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Air Quality Handbook. Sources such as builders, 

utilities, cities and local government agencies, and private citizens, etc. that promote the use of 

lighter colored materials and increased tree planting could be eligible for an emission credit. 

Emission credits could be issued based on types of surface materials used or numbers of trees 

per unit or area that meet or exceed a specified benchmark. 

There are a variety of potential techniques that can be implemented to reduce urban 

temperatures and increase the albedo of roofs, pavements, and building surfaces. Most of these 

techniques can be implemented during the maintenance or modification of existing structures or 

during the building stages of new structures. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the inventory for this potential 

control measure at this time.

Emissions Reductions

The air districts are not able to calculate the potential emission reductions from this control 

measure because the emission inventory is unknown. The amount of emission reductions will 

be determined during implementation of this control measure. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the cost effectiveness of this 

control measure. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on a similar control 

measure for urban heat islands proposed in both the SJVUAPCD 2007 Ozone Plan and 

SCAQMD Final 2007 AQMP and determine at a later date if the control measure is feasible and 

cost effective. 

Authority

The implementing agencies could include the air districts and local governments. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Urban Heat Island 

Page C-154

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further study and is not recommended 

at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on the control measure 

for urban heat islands proposed in SJVUAPCD and SCAQMD. 

References

2007 Ozone Plan, Chapter 8: Innovative Strategies and Programs: 8.2.4, San Joaquin Valley Air 

Pollution Control District, April 30, 2007. 

Final 2007 AQMP, Appendix IV-A: CM#2007MCS-03, South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, June 2007. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Alternative Energy 

Page C-155

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 2 

Control Measure Title: Alternative Energy 

Control Measure Description:

The use of alternative energy sources either in transportation or stationary applications can 

reduce ozone precursors. This further study measure looks at reductions possible in the 

stationary sector of the Sacramento region. This source category includes facilities or 

operations that have VOC-containing byproducts that can be converted to electric energy by 

utilizing currently available technology or other byproducts such as biomass waste, from which 

energy could also be derived. The electricity produced may be used for internal facility needs or 

metered back and sold to utility companies. 

This further study measure will evaluate potential opportunities to convert green waste, dairy 

manure, and other forms of biomass into usable energy for electricity generation. The converted 

fuel depending on the type could be used in fuel cells, internal combustion (IC) engines or miniturbines. 

The San Joaquin APCD proposed in their 2007 Ozone Plan a measure very similar to this one 

and has also committed to study this measure further. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

There is no specific inventory attributable to this source category, since it can include any 

application for which there is technology that can produce energy without using fossil-based 

materials. 

Emissions Reductions

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the potential emission reductions 

from this control measure. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the cost effectiveness of this 

control measure. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on a similar control 

measure for alternative energy proposed in SJVUAPCD and determine at a later date if the 

control measure is feasible and cost effective.

Authority

The implementing agencies still need to be determined. 

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further studies and is not 

recommended at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on the 

control measure for alternative energy proposed in the SJVUAPCD. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Alternative Energy 

Page C-156

References

2007 Ozone Plan, Chapter 8: Innovative Strategies and Programs: 8.2.5, San Joaquin Valley Air 

Pollution Control District, April 30, 2007. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Energy Efficiency 

Page C-157

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 3 

Control Measure Title: Energy Efficiency 

Control Measure Description:

The purpose of this further study measure is to look at possible sources of emissions in the 

region that could reduce ozone precursors by reducing energy consumption. 

This future study measure will evaluate energy efficiency projects and practices that have a 

demonstrable benefit to air quality, such as energy efficient water pumps, solar water heaters, 

reduced agricultural field passes, use of GPS in agricultural operations, and other conservation 

management practices that simultaneously reduce PM and ozone precursors. In addition, this 

further study measure will examine green certification of energy efficient homes, offices, and 

commercial and industrial facilities that utilized green building practices. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

There is inadequate information to calculate the emission inventory from these projects at this 

time. 

Emissions Reductions

There is inadequate information to calculate the potential emission reductions. The air districts 

will monitor the development of a similar control measure in the SCAQMD and SJVUAPCD and 

determine the potential emission reductions once more information becomes available. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the cost effectiveness of this 

control measure. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on a similar control 

measure for alternative energy proposed in SCAQMD and determine at a later date if the control 

measure is feasible and cost effective.

Authority

The implementing agencies could include the air districts and local governments. 

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further studies and is not 

recommended at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on the 

control measure for energy efficiency proposed in the SCAQMD. 

References

Final 2007 AQMP, Appendix IV-A: CM#2007MCS-03, South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, June 2007. 

2007 Ozone Plan, Chapter 8: Innovative Strategies and Programs: 8.2.4, San Joaquin Valley Air 

Pollution Control District, April 30, 2007. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II 

Page C-158

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 4 

Control Measure Title: Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II 

Control Measure Description

The purpose of this control measure is to reduce VOC and toxic emissions from gasoline 

dispensing facilities (GDFs) by improving implementation of the Enhanced Vapor Recovery 

(EVR) Regulation. 

The EVR includes testing and certification procedures to improve the performance and 

specification of both Phase I and Phase II vapor recovery systems. The EVR for Phase I 

includes the improvements of the spill containment and cover, rotatable product and vapor 

adaptors, overfill prevention device, and pressure vacuum vent gauges. The EVR for Phase II 

includes, but is not limited to, the onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) and the in-station 

diagnostic (ISD). The ORVR routes gasoline vapor displaced during vehicle fueling to the 

onboard canister on the vehicle. The ISD is designed to provide continuous real-time monitoring 

of vapor collection and containment efficiencies, alert the GDF operator when a failure mode is 

detected so that corrective action can be taken, shut down the dispensers if repairs are ignored 

and provide compliance records. 

Currently, emissions from GDFs are regulated by the EVR regulation of the California Air 

Resources Board (CARB) and local air district rules. 

This control measure will evaluate methods to improve the functions of the ISD. Some 

improvements may include providing earlier warning signal, changing both the warning and 

gross failure alerting ranges, disallowing the use of the reset button, or installing a “shut down” 

sensor or mechanism on the dispenser to stop fueling if the fuel filters are blocked and the 

fueling flow rate drops below the system certification standards. 

In addition, this control measure will explore the option to require controls for mobile refuelers if 

a district rule has not established such requirements. 

Emission Inventory

SMAQMD – 2002 Baseline Emission Inventory (Summer) 

EIC Code EIC Description VOC/ROG 

(tpd) 

330-374-1100-0000 FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - WORKING 

LOSSES 0.1404 

330-376-1100-0000 FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - 

BREATHING LOSSES 0.1072 

330-378-1100-0000 VEHICLE REFUELING - VAPOR 

DISPLACEMENT LOSSES 0.8888 

330-380-1100-0000 VEHICLE REFUELING - SPILLAGE 0.1473 

Total 1.2837 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II 

Page C-159

PCAPCD – 2002 Baseline Emission Inventory (Summer) 

EIC Code EIC Description 

VOC/ROG 

(tpd) 

 330-374-1100-0000 

FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - WORKING 

LOSSES 0.0518 

 330-376-1100-0000 

FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - 

BREATHING LOSSES 0.0251 

 330-378-1100-0000 

VEHICLE REFUELING – VAPOR 

DISPLACEMENT LOSSES 0.21 

 330-380-1100-0000 VEHICLE REFUELING - SPILLAGE 0.035 

Total 0.3219 

YSAQMD – 2002 Baseline Emission Inventory (Summer) 

EIC Code EIC Description 

VOC/ROG 

(tpd) 

 330-374-1100-0000 

FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - WORKING 

LOSSES 0.2431 

 330-376-1100-0000 

FUEL DISPENSING TANKS - 

BREATHING LOSSES 0.1657 

 330-378-1100-0000 

VEHICLE REFUELING – VAPOR 

DISPLACEMENT LOSSES 1.3848 

 330-380-1100-0000 VEHICLE REFUELING - SPILLAGE 0.2293 

Total 2.0229 

Emission Reductions

There is inadequate information to calculate the potential emission reductions. The air districts 

will monitor the development of a similar control measure in SCAQMD and determine the 

potential emission reductions once more information becomes available. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on the similar control measure 

proposed in SCAQMD and determine at a later date if the control measure is feasible and cost 

effective. 

Authority

The air districts are authorized to adopt and amend rules and regulations by Health and Safety 

Code Sections 40001and 40702. 

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further studies, and is not 

recommended at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the developments of the 

enhanced detection warnings by SCAQMD and determine the feasibility of this control measure 

once more information becomes available. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Gasoline Transfer Phase I/II 

Page C-160

References

Final 2007 AQMP, Appendix IV-A: CM#2007FUG-02, South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, June 2007. 

2007 Ozone Plan, Appendix I: Candidate Control Measures, S-PET-2. San Joaquin Valley 

Unified Air Pollution Control District, April 30, 2007. 

CARB Ozone SIP Planning Inventory, Version 1.06, Sacramento NAA (Rf#980), August 26, 

2008
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Lubricants 

Page C-161

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 5 

Control Measure Title: Lubricants 

Control Measure Description

The proposed control measure seeks to reduce VOC emissions from the use of lubricants that 

are utilized by a variety of different industries and new facility processes. Lubricants include 

product such as coolants in manufacturing processes, stamping fluids, vanishing oils, and 

cutting, forming, and honing oils, and are used by various companies in the region including, but 

not limited to machine shops, auto rebuilders, and auto part manufacturers. Many lubricants and 

their additives, such as rust and corrosive inhibitors, are at least 50 percent VOC solvents and 

are believed to emit a significant amount of VOCs. In addition, mineral spirits and kerosene 

used to dilute lubricants contain traces of benzene, toluene, and xylene, which are all classified 

as Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) by the EPA and Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) by the 

state of California. 

Currently, there are no regulations or emission restrictions specifically concerned with industrial 

lubricants in place at the local, state or federal levels. However, South Coast proposed in their 

Final 2007 AQMP to refine the emission inventory for this category and seek alternatives to 

high-VOC lubricants. SCAQMD also proposes to develop rules to further seek emission 

reductions. This control measure proposes to look at further reducing source emissions by 

either placing an overall emission limit by source, or by limiting VOC content in lubricant 

formulations at the point of sale and/or use. 

Emission Inventory -2018

The emission inventory for this source category is unknown because this source category does 

not have a specific Emission Inventory Code. Lubricants may be categorized under coating 

and/or solvent operations. 

Emission Reductions

The air districts are not able to calculate the potential emission reductions from this control 

measure because the emission inventory is unknown. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the cost effectiveness of this 

control measure. The District will continue to monitor the progress made on a similar control 

measure for lubricants proposed in SCAQMD and determine at a later date if the control 

measure is feasible and cost effective. 

Authority

The air districts have the authority to regulate VOC emissions from industrial coatings and 

solvent operations, under which industrial lubricants are categorized. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Lubricants 

Page C-162

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further studies and is not 

recommended at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made on the 

control measure for lubricants proposed in SCAQMD. 

References

Final 2007 AQMP, Appendix IV-A: CM#2007CTS-01, South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, June 2007. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Appendix C - Proposed Control Measures 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

 Episodic Controls 

Page C-163

Control Measure Number: Further Study – 6 

Control Measure Title: Episodic Controls 

(Combination of OFMS-8, OFMS13, OFMS16, OFMS19, OFMS20, OFMS21, OFMS24, 

OFMS42) 

Control Measure Description:

There are various emission reduction strategies that could potentially be implemented on an 

episodic basis when meteorological conditions would normally result in ozone exceedances. 

This further study measure will evaluate the feasibility of banning or reducing the use of a 

variety of types of equipment on high ozone days such as construction equipment, pleasure 

craft or other recreational vehicles; and lawn and landscaping equipment. As part of this 

evaluation the potential emission reductions, cost effectiveness, technical feasibility and the 

authority to implement these measures would be analyzed. 

SJVUAPCD has a similar control measure included in their Innovative Technologies section of 

their plan, but has not ascribed any specific emission reduction commitments to this innovative 

measure. 

Emission Inventory - 2018

Each of these different approaches would affect a different inventory category or different 

categories. 

Emissions Reductions

The air districts are not able to calculate the potential emission reductions from these potential 

control measures because the mechanisms for achieving the banning or reductions in use have 

not been identified. 

Cost Effectiveness

The air districts do not have sufficient information to calculate the cost effectiveness of any of 

these potential control measures. 

Authority

The implementing agencies would need to be determined for each of the potential control 

measures. 

Recommendation

This control measure requires additional information and further studies and is not 

recommended at this time. The air districts will continue to monitor the progress made by 

SJVUAPCD on similar episodic controls that are included in their plan and determine at a later 

date if this control measure is feasible and cost effective. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-1

Appendix D: Transportation Control Measures 

The following section outlines the development process, selection criteria, and analysis 

procedures used by the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) in 

identifying potential transportation control measures (TCMs). Based on this analysis, 

measures were either: i) included in the 8-hour ozone attainment plan, ii) rejected as 

infeasible, or iii) rejected and referred to the air district for its determination on whether 

the measures, as well as all other feasible rejected measures, would advance the 

attainment date by one or more years. The purpose of this analysis is to ensure that the 

Sacramento Region is implementing all reasonably available control measures (RACM), 

as required to demonstrate attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard as expeditiously as 

practicable. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-2 

Regional Transportation Control Measures 

Background 

Transportation Control Measures (TCMs) are defined as strategies that adjust trip 

patterns or otherwise modify vehicle use in ways that reduce air pollutant emissions, 

and which are specifically identified and committed to in the most recently approved Air 

Quality Management Plan or State Implementation Plan (AQMP/SIP). TCMs are 

included in the SIP as part of the overall control strategy to demonstrate the region’s 

ability to come into attainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

(NAAQS). Historically, the majority of emission reductions from mobile sources have 

come from technological improvements in vehicle engines and fuel, which are stipulated 

by U.S. EPA and CARB. However, by law, and according to the Transportation 

Conformity Rule, vehicle technology-based, fuel chemistry-based and fleet 

maintenance-based measures cannot be considered as TCMs for timely implementation 

purposes. 

A definition of TCMs is provided in EPA’s Transportation Conformity Rule - 40 CFR 

Parts 51 and 93: 

Transportation control measure (TCM) is any measure that is specifically identified and 

committed to in the applicable implementation plan that is either one of the types listed 

in §108 of the CAA, or any other measure for the purpose of reducing emissions or 

concentrations of air pollutants from transportation sources by reducing vehicle use or 

changing traffic flow or congestion conditions. Notwithstanding the above, vehicle 

technology-based, fuel-based, and maintenance-based measures which control the 

emissions from vehicles under fixed traffic conditions are not TCMs for the purposes of 

this subpart. 

The Rule also defines the criteria and procedures for timely implementation of TCMs as 

follows: 

§93.113 Criteria and procedures: Timely Implementation of TCMs 

(c) For TIPs, this criterion is satisfied if the following conditions are met: 

(1) An examination of the specific steps and funding source(s) needed to fully 

implement each TCM indicates that TCMs which are eligible for funding under title 23 

U.S.C. or the Federal Transit Laws are on or ahead of the schedule established in the 

applicable implementation plan, or, if such TCMs are behind the schedule established in 

the applicable implementation plan, the MPO and DOT have determined that past 

obstacles to implementation of the TCMs have been identified and have been or are 

being overcome, and that all State and local agencies with influence over approvals or 

funding for TCMs are giving maximum priority to approval or funding of TCMs over other 

projects within their control, including projects in locations outside the nonattainment or 

maintenance area. 
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(2) If TCMs in the applicable implementation plan have previously been programmed for 

Federal funding but the funds have not been obligated and the TCMs are behind the 

schedule in the implementation plan, then the TIP cannot be found to conform if the 

funds intended for those TCMs are reallocated to projects in the TIP other than TCMs, 

or if there are no other TCMs in the TIP, if the funds are reallocated to projects in the 

TIP other than projects which are eligible for Federal funding intended for air quality 

improvement projects, e.g. the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement 

Program. 

(3) Nothing in the TIP may interfere with the implementation of any TCM in the 

applicable implementation plan. 

CAA Section 108(f)(1)(A)6 lists the following sixteen categories as illustrative of TCMs. 

i. Programs for improved use of public transit; 

ii. Restriction of certain roads or lanes to, or construction of such roads or lanes for 

use by, passenger buses or high occupancy vehicles; 

iii. Employer-based transportation management plans, including incentives; 

iv. Trip-reduction ordinances; 

v. Traffic flow improvement programs that achieve emission reductions; 

vi. Fringe and transportation corridor parking facilities, serving multiple occupancy 

vehicle programs or transit service; 

vii. Programs to limit or restrict vehicle use in downtown areas or other areas of 

emission concentration, particularly during periods of peak use; 

viii. Programs for the provision of all forms of high-occupancy, shared-ride services, 

such as the pooled use of vans; 

ix. Programs to limit portions of road surfaces or certain sections of the metropolitan 

area to the use of non-motorized vehicles or pedestrian use, both as to time and 

place; 

x. Programs for secure bicycle storage facilities and other facilities, including 

bicycle lanes, for the convenience and protection of bicyclists, in both public and 

private areas; 

xi. Programs to control extended idling of vehicles; 

xii. Programs to reduce motor vehicle emissions, consistent with Title II of the Clean 

Air Act, which are caused by extreme cold start conditions; 

xiii. Employer-sponsored programs to permit flexible work schedules; 

xiv. Programs and ordinances to facilitate non-automobile travel, provision and 

utilization of mass transit, and to generally reduce the need for single-occupant 

vehicle travel, as part of transportation planning and development efforts of a 

locality, including programs and ordinances applicable to new shopping centers, 

special events, and other centers of vehicle activity; 

xv. Programs for new construction and major reconstruction of paths, tracks or areas 

solely for the use by pedestrian or other non-motorized means of transportation, 

when economically feasible and in the public interest; and 
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xvi. Programs to encourage the voluntary removal from use and the marketplace of 

pre- 1980 model year light duty vehicles and pre-1980 model light duty trucks. 

In addition to the measures listed above, other measures may be considered as TCMs if 

they reduce emissions or concentrations of air pollutants from transportation sources by 

modifying vehicle use, changing traffic flow, or mitigating traffic congestion conditions. 

TCMs may be voluntary programs, incentive-based programs, regulatory programs, as 

well as market- or pricing-based programs. 

Based on suggestions received from interagency consultation and discussions with 

transportation and air quality stakeholders via the Regional Planning Partnership (RPP), 

SACOG formally refines the types of projects to be included as TCMs as appropriate 

during the SIP and/or Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program (MTIP) and 

MTIP Guidelines development process. During the regular update cycle for each of the 

listed documents, SACOG, in coordination with the RPP, will refine and revise TCM 

descriptions and definitions in order to clarify the general TCM process as well as 

resolve specific implementation issues. It is SACOG’s aim to work with the project 

implementing agencies, air quality stakeholders, and any other interested parties, 

primarily through the RPP, to facilitate the TCM process and implement TCMs 

appropriately. 

It is SACOG’s responsibility to ensure that TCM strategies are funded in a manner 

consistent with the implementation schedule established in the MTIP at the time a 

project is identified as a committed TCM. The transportation conformity process is 

designed to ensure timely implementation of TCM strategies. If the implementation of a 

TCM strategy is delayed, or if a TCM strategy is only partially implemented, the 

emission reduction shortfall must be made up by either substituting a new TCM strategy 

or by enhancing other control measures through the substitution process described in 

this Appendix. 

TCM Enforceability and Monitoring 

The TCM strategies contained in the SIP are expected to be real, quantifiable, and 

enforceable. The region’s long-range transportation plan (the previously triennial and 

now quadrennial Metropolitan Transportation Plan, or MTP) and the shorter-term 

programming used to fund the improvements (the MTIP) together form the foundation 

and the keystone for improving transportation system performance while at the same 

time assuring the timely attainment of air quality goals within the region. 

Assessing the consistency of emissions deriving from these mobility strategies against 

the corresponding mobile source emission budgets contained in the applicable SIP 

serves as the basis for determining conformity to the SIP. The MTIP provides the 

information needed in assuring the timely implementation of TCM strategies described 

in this document. The projects and programs that make up the MTP and MTIP form the 

basis for assuring an enforceable commitment for each TCM. Federal law requires that 
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funding priority be given to TCMs in developing the MTIP. Therefore, the report on the 

timely implementation of TCMs will continue to serve as one of the methods of 

monitoring the air quality impacts of transportation system improvements. 

Developing a List of Potential Transportation Control Measures 

Assumptions and Approach 

SACOG is now working with the region’s air districts on the development of a new SIP 

designed to meet the 1997 8-hour ozone standard. The inclusion of TCMs in the SIP 

sends a clear signal that SACOG is serious about doing its part in helping to attain the 

federal air quality standards. 

The Clean Air Act defines a list of sixteen potential TCM categories (see previous 

section). Essentially a TCM can be any measure that is focused on reducing vehicle 

use or traffic/congestion. 

Risks 

There are some risks with designating projects as transportation control measures, and 

they are significant. Every time SACOG makes a conformity determination to 

accompany a new Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP), a new Metropolitan 

Transportation Improvement Program (MTIP) or an amendment to either document, we 

must demonstrate that all TCMs are still on track to be implemented in a timely fashion. 

Implications 

If a TCM does not stay on schedule or experiences a funding shortfall, SACOG must 

show that “all State and local agencies with influence over approvals or funding for 

TCMs are giving maximum priority to approval or funding of TCMs over other projects 

within their control...” (40CFR 93.113 (c) 1). If the TCMs are shown to be falling behind 

the schedule shown in the SIP or are not fully funded, “then the TIP cannot be found to 

conform.” In other words, SACOG may not be able to demonstrate conformity on a new 

or amended MTP or MTIP if a TCM is failing. SACOG and any other responsible 

agencies would have to either ensure that the TCM is able to get back on schedule and 

demonstrate that it is fully-funded, or begin the TCM substitution process if that is not 

feasible. 

Specific Situations: 

Example: Regional Rideshare Program 

Several years ago, the State cut funding for ridesharing programs. The SACOG Board 

wanted to eliminate the program. However, since the Regional Rideshare Program is a 

TCM, it could not be eliminated. 

Example: The Bay Area’s Transit Ridership Increase TCM 

The San Francisco Bay Area adopted a TCM that called for an increase in transit 

ridership of 15% over five years. When the region failed to meet that benchmark, the 
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MPO was sued and the region went into a conformity lapse. Eventually a substitute 

TCM was adopted, a settlement was reached and the region came out of the lapse. 

Substitution Process

A standardized TCM substitution process was established as part of the Federal 

transportation bill, SAFETEA-LU (Section 6011(d))19. The TCM substitution process will 

allow SACOG and the Air District to substitute TCMs that either are unable to be 

delivered, are no longer feasible or otherwise are no longer desired as TCMs. Prior to 

the changes implemented as part of SAFETEA-LU, a SIP revision and a conformity 

determination were required. These actions are no longer required. The following is an 

outline of the general requirements: 

For a TCM in an approved SIP to be removed and replaced with an alternate TCM, 

SAFETEA-LU requires that: 

• the substitute TCM(s) must achieve equal or greater emission reductions; 

• the substitute TCM(s) must be implemented on a schedule that is consistent with 

the schedule for the TCM(s) being removed from the SIP; or, if the 

implementation date has passed for the TCM(s) being replaced, the replacement 

TCM must be implemented as soon as practicable but not later than the date on 

which emission reductions from the TCM(s)are necessary to achieve the purpose 

of the implementation plan; 

• the substitute TCM(s) must be accompanied by evidence of adequate personnel, 

and funding and authority under state or local law to implement, monitor and 

enforce the TCM(s); 

• the substitute TCM(s) must be developed through a collaborative process that 

includes participation by all affected jurisdictions (state and local air pollution 

control agencies and state and local transportation agencies such as the MPO, 

state and city DOTs, and transit providers); consultation with EPA; and 

reasonable notice and opportunity for public comment; and 

• the equivalency of the substitute TCM(s) must be concurred on by the MPO, the 

state air pollution control agency and EPA. 

A full description of this process is outlined in Attachment A-1 for information. 

Preliminary Analysis of the Projects

The projects selected for inclusion in this list of potential TCMs was based on several 

criteria. TCMs chosen were to provide air quality benefits, while at the same time 

leaving as much flexibility as possible for implementation. Projects likely to experience 

delays or cost overruns were avoided. Nearly all the TCMs have the following 

 

19 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Section 6011(d)) 

amended Section 176(c) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7506(c)) by adding Substitution of Transportation 

Control Measures as paragraph (8). 
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characteristics: early completion dates (most are almost done or will be soon), 

reasonable costs, fully committed funding, and projects of small or moderate-sized 

scope. Big projects were seen to represent too big a cost commitment and also likely to 

experience overruns and delays. SACOG also avoided projects such as HOV lanes 

where the science for estimating the air quality benefits is uncertain at best. For some 

categories, we grouped individual projects altogether. This has the benefit of a smaller 

number of projects to track and more flexibility of selecting the ‘right project at the right 

time.’ In all cases, funding levels have been kept at a reasonable and conservative 

level in the event that future funding sources are reduced or unavailable. Emissions 

reduction calculations are included for projects where that data exists. Most of the 

emission reduction figures were produced using the California Air Resources Board 

“Automated Methods to Find the Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Air Quality Projects". 

These are provided only as information and would be used if a TCM substitution were 

required. All of the TCMs were included in the travel modeling that was used to prepare 

the motor vehicle emissions inventory. Therefore, the emissions benefits from the 

TCMs are included in this SIP emissions inventory projections and motor vehicle 

emissions budgets. 

New and Continuing Projects

All of the projects chosen were selected because they had early completion dates, costs 

were reasonable, funding was already committed and delivery appeared to be likely. 

Given the serious consequences with TCM failures, these projects were specifically 

chosen to maximize the potential for timely TCM implementation. 

Individual Projects 

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Projects 

ITS projects use advanced technology to help improve the operating efficiency of the 

existing infrastructure by increasing traffic flow, providing real-time information on traffic 

conditions, and coordinating operations at local traffic centers. Examples of ITS 

technology and tools are freeway ramp meters, dynamic message signs, and traffic 

signal timing. 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: ITS-1 

TCM ID: ITS-1 

Control Measure Title: Arden Way “Smart Corridor” 

Control Measure Description

Construct improvements on Arden Way from Del Paso Boulevard to Watt Avenue. 

Project includes the following intelligent transportation system (ITS) elements: 

 A fiber optic trunk line 

 Closed circuit television cameras 

 Transit signal priority 

 Changeable message signs, and 

 Count stations 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $2,627,794 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Sacramento Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: ITS-2 

TCM ID: ITS-2 

Control Measure Title: Sacramento Traffic Operations Center 

Control Measure Description

This project will evaluate and implement on downtown and other major corridors, 

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) elements and infrastructure necessary to 

provide traffic responsive/coordinated signal timing and communications to the Traffic 

Operation Center. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,130,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Sacramento Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: ITS-3 

TCM ID: ITS-3 

Control Measure Title: Watt Avenue Phase 3 Smart Corridor 

Control Measure Description

In Sacramento County, Watt Avenue Corridor, implement phase 3 priority and mobility 

enhancement demonstration project. This project includes deployment of ITS 

components within the Watt Avenue corridor to improve the efficiency of transit in the 

corridor. The objectives of the project are to improve traffic safety, pedestrian safety, 

transit efficiency and the overall aesthetics of the intersection. The improvements will 

include: 

 Construct a queue jump for buses approaching the southeast corner of Watt 

Avenue and Fair Oaks Boulevard 

 ADA improvements at all four corners of the intersection with audible signals, 

push buttons, sidewalk ramps and re-striping 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $2,200,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento County Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: ITS-4 

TCM ID: ITS-4 

Control Measure Title: STARNET Implementation 

Control Measure Description

The Sacramento Transportation Area Network, or STARNET, is an information 

exchange network and operations coordination framework that will be used by the 

operators of transportation facilities and emergency responders in the Sacramento 

region of California. STARNET will enable the real-time sharing of data and live video, 

and refinement of joint procedures pertaining to the operation of roadways and public 

transit, and public safety activities. It will also provide more information for travelers via 

the region’s 511 web site and interactive telephone service (dial 511). 

The goals of STARNET are: 

 Make travel easier and safer 

 Gather and disseminate more and better real-time travel information 

 Better travel decisions – time, mode, route 

 Provide transportation system managers and emergency responders with more 

and better real-time information 

 Including information from other agencies 

 Better operational decisions and actions 

 Allow shared use of field devices when appropriate 

 Better use of resources and better operation 

STARNET will build upon the previous Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) 

investments by using, with little to no modifications, the existing field infrastructure 

(cameras, changeable message signs, traffic signals, vehicle location systems, etc) and 

central systems (freeway management systems, traffic signal systems, transit 

management systems, computer aided dispatch systems, etc) already operated by each 

agency. As part of the STARNET implementation, interfaces will be developed to these 

existing systems to enable them to share data and video with each other, provide data 

and video to the public via the 511 regional travel information system, and provide 

operations and emergency response personnel with a map-based regional 

transportation management display. 

STARNET was identified as a high priority project for the Sacramento area in the 

region’s Intelligent Transportation Systems Strategic Deployment Plan. 

During 2006, the involved agencies are preparing a concept of operations, system 

requirements, and a request for proposals for system integration. The system is 

expected to be operational in 2008. 
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Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $3,260,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v) 

 
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Park and Ride Lots / Transit Centers 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TF-1 

TCM ID: TF-1 

Control Measure Title: El Dorado Central Park and Ride Facility 

Control Measure Description

In Diamond Springs, on Commerce Way at State Route 49: Construct Central Transfer 

Facility and Park & Ride with capacity for 95 spaces. This property is adjacent to El 

Dorado Transit’s office and maintenance facility. 

The location of this facility is approximately 42 miles from downtown Sacramento, and 

thus has the potential of reducing passenger vehicle travel by 2,000,000 miles per year. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $550,574. 

Needed Resources and Authority

El Dorado County Transit Authority 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (vi) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TF-2 

TCM ID: TF-2 

Control Measure Title: Improvements to Loomis Multimodal Center 

Control Measure Description

Design and construct pedestrian and landscaping improvements at the multimodal 

center including a Class I bike facility adjacent to Taylor Rd. from downtown Loomis to 

Sierra College Blvd. Specific improvements include: 

 Construct pedestrian walkways up to Taylor Road and around the depot 

 Install bike parking equipment 

 Install landscaping and other transit and pedestrian amenities 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $659,225 

Needed Resources and Authority

Town of Loomis Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xv) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TF-3 

TCM ID: TF-3 

Control Measure Title: 13th and 16th Street Light Rail Station Improvements 

Control Measure Description

RT, in partnership with the Capitol Area Development Authority (CADA) and the City of 

Sacramento, is improving the 13th & 16th Street light rail stations. This project is to 

renovate and improve connectivity to the 13th Street and 16th Street light rail stations, 

which are within the R Street Corridor redevelopment area. The total project cost is 

estimated at $1,883,000. The project will be implemented by RT (for the portion 

comprising the light rail stations and bus stops) and the City of Sacramento (for the 

portions within City rights-of-way). RT's portion of the project cost is estimated at 

$988,000. 

RT, in partnership with the Capitol Area Development Authority (CADA) and the City of 

Sacramento, has applied for and received a grant of $1,693,000 from the SACOG 

Community Development Grants program. The grant is administered by the California 

Transportation Commission (CTC) and the California Department of Transportation 

(Caltrans). Of the $190,000 local match, $90,000 is coming from CADA tax increment 

revenues, and $100,000 is being contributed by RT from Measure A funds. 

Scope of Work (revised 7/30/07) 

13th Street Station: 

 Mini-high shelters on ramps 

 Cosmetic improvements to existing shelter 

 Cosmetic improvements to existing walls 

 Additional light poles 

 New seating 

 Miscellaneous plant replacements 

 Miscellaneous tree and shrub pruning 

 Repainting 

16th Street Station: 

 New mini-high ramp and removal of existing vertical lift 

 Mini-high Shelters on ramps 

 Replace existing shelter canopy 

 Additional light poles 

 New seating 

 Cosmetic improvements to walls on north side 

 Increase sitting/standing pavement area on south side 
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 Planting screen on garage face 

 Miscellaneous plant replacements 

 Miscellaneous tree and shrub pruning 

 Repainting 

Both stations will also receive sidewalk improvements and directional signage within a 

1-block radius, as well as other improvements to be constructed by the City. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $988,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Regional Transit District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xv) 
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Funding Programs

Transit Service

Investment in transit is one of the cornerstones of the MTP for 2035. The overall 

philosophy followed in the MTP for 2035 seeks to increase transit service significantly, 

aimed at: 

• improving service for the transit dependent, 

• attracting riders who could otherwise choose to drive, 

• extending rail where it can be cost effective considering surrounding housing and 

employment densities, and 

• setting up new bus or rail services on corridors connecting suburban activity centers. 

In that context, SACOG through the MTP gives primary priority to transit expansion, with 

the objective of an effective transit system that both serves those who rely on transit 

and attracts riders who also have the choice to drive. The MTP proposes to invest the 

maximum feasible share of the region’s flexible capital funding into transit expansion, 

commensurate with funding to operate and need for road capacity for transit to run on. 

This investment approximately triples the amount of transit available in 2035 compared 

to today. There are no funds available to operate more service beyond that level, and a 

modest amount of flexible funds must be invested in road improvements so that transit 

can move effectively through areas of congested traffic. 

Travel by transit is of great interest in the Sacramento region for several reasons. First, 

transit provides an opportunity for substantially reducing VMT, through shifts from lowoccupancy modes like driving alone to a very high occupancy mode of travel. Second, 

for commute trips, which tend to occur at peak periods of travel demand when 

congestion is highest, transit can provide substantial congestion relief. Finally, high 

quality transit service can provide necessary mobility to residents and employees in 

higher density, mixed-use areas, where auto travel can be impractical. For these 

reasons, SACOG proposes making a commitment to maintain existing levels of transit 

service through the following TCMs: 
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Transit Vehicle Acquisitions (TR-1) 

List of bus replacement projects include: 

TCM 

ID SACOG ID Measure Title Cost 

TR-1 PLA25223 Auburn Transit Bus Replacement $225,000 

 PLA25371 Roseville Transit Bus Purchase $2,300,000 

 PLA25322 Roseville Transit Bus Replacement $375,000 

 SAC24365 Replacement Neighborhood Ride Buses $255,000 

 SAC24418 E-Tran Replacement Buses $1,400,000 

 REG17924 

SRTD Neighborhood Ride Vehicle 

Replacement $3,600,000 

 YST10418 Yuba Sutter Transit Bus Expansion $1,500,000 

 YCT18176 YCTD Bus Replacement $1,700,000 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1A 

TCM ID: TR-1A 

Control Measure Title: Auburn Transit Bus Replacement 

Control Measure Description

Replacement of 1 CNG bus for Auburn Transit. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $225,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Auburn Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1B 

TCM ID: TR-1B 

Control Measure Title: Roseville Transit Bus Purchase 

Control Measure Description

Purchase 3 30' replacement fixed route buses, 3 30' expansion fixed route buses, and 1 

40' replacement commuter bus 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $2,300,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Roseville Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1C 

TCM ID: TR-1C 

Control Measure Title: Roseville Transit Bus Replacement 

Control Measure Description

Replace five (5) cutaway buses. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $375,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Roseville Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1D 

TCM ID: TR-1D 

Control Measure Title: Replacement Neighborhood Ride Buses 

Control Measure Description

Replace three diesel cutaways that are used for neighborhood ride routes and 

paratransit service. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $255,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Elk Grove 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
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CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1E 

TCM ID: TR-1E 

Control Measure Title: E-Tran Replacement Buses 

Control Measure Description

Purchase six CNG replacement buses for the City of Elk Grove's E-Tran bus transit 

buses. The CNG buses replace six CNG and diesel buses that are beyond their useful 

life. Later, programming team moved $1,070,000 from 2010 back to 2009. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,400,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Elk Grove 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-24 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1F 

TCM ID: TR-1F 

Control Measure Title: SRTD Neighborhood Ride Vehicle Replacement 

Control Measure Description

Purchase 14 Neighborhood Ride Vehicles to replace vehicles which have surpassed 

their useful lives. 17 are needed, but 3 will be funded from an alternate source. RT 

assumes $110,000 per vehicle and a 5-year life. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $3,600,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Regional Transit District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-25 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1G 

TCM ID: TR-1G 

Control Measure Title: Yuba Sutter Transit Bus Expansion 

Control Measure Description

Purchase three specially equipped, heavy-duty clean diesel commuter buses with a 

seating capacity of 45 or more to expand the current fleet of commuter buses from 11 to 

14. These three commuter buses will be 40' to 45' in length. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,500,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Yuba Sutter Transit 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-26 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-1H 

TCM ID: TR-1H 

Control Measure Title: YCTD Bus Replacement 

Control Measure Description

This project will replace 4 40-ft 1993 CNG transit buses. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,700,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Yolo County Transportation District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-27 

Transit Operations (TR-2) 

For these control measures, transit operations consists of ‘transit operating assistance’ 

for public transit operators. The operating assistance funds the difference between the 

costs of operating an eligible public transportation service and the revenues derived 

from system operations. Operating assistance funds can be used by public transit 

operators for any transit service that is open to the general public (i.e. it cannot be used 

for school bus or charter services). These funds can be used for fixed route transit 

service as well as for dial-a-ride or paratransit service. Some transit operators also use 

these funds for preventive maintenance of their transit vehicles. 

List of funded transit operations include: 

TCM 

ID SACOG ID Measure Title Cost 

TR-2 ELD19267 El Dorado Transit Operating Assistance $580,000 

 PLA25215 Roseville Operating Assistance $145,000 

 SAC24060 Elk Grove Operating Assistance $1,800,000 

 SAC24061 Folsom Operating Assistance $745,000 

 PAR10002 Paratransit Operating Assistance $350,000 

 SAC24173

Sacramento County Operating 

Assistance $59,000 

 REG16670 Regional Transit Operating Assistance $364,000,000 

 YCT18094 YCTD Operating Assistance $1,100,000 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-28 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2A 

TCM ID: TR-2A 

Control Measure Title: El Dorado Transit Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

Operating Assistance (FTA 5311 Cycle 26) 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $580,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

El Dorado County Transit 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-29 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2B 

TCM ID: TR-2B 

Control Measure Title: Roseville Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

The City of Roseville Transit is applying for $71,514 in JARC funds in order to extend 

their weekday revenue hours on core fixed routes, as well as an extension of the hours 

on their Dial-A-Ride (DAR) services (and operate DAR on 3 current non-service 

holidays) to provide transportation to employees getting off work in the evening. The 

additional hours will also allow employees to connect with Placer County Transit and 

Sacramento Regional Transit in the evening. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $145,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Roseville Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-30 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2C 

TCM ID: TR-2C 

Control Measure Title: Elk Grove Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

In Elk Grove, preventive maintenance for Elk Grove transit operations. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,800,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Elk Grove 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-31 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2D 

TCM ID: TR-2D 

Control Measure Title: Folsom Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

In Folsom, provide operating assistance for Folsom Stage Lines. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $745,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Folsom Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-32 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2E 

 

TCM ID: TR-2E 

Control Measure Title: Paratransit Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

Paratransit, Inc. is asking for FFY 2006 JARC funds to continue to provide much 

needed and currently limited transportation options between low-income residential 

areas, and employment & job training centers, especially in the Point West area, in the 

retail areas around Arden Fair Mall, as well as other parts of Sacramento County. 

[Contains FFY 06 and 07 operating funds] 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $350,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Paratransit, Inc. 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-33 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2F 

TCM ID: TR-2F 

Control Measure Title: Sacramento County Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

Expand the South County Transit/Link Highway 99 bus services between the City of 

Lodi in San Joaquin County, Galt, Elk Grove, and the Regional Transit Transfer Center 

at Florin Mall. This route provides connections to the South County Transit Galt and 

Delta routes, Elk Grove Transit (e-TRAN), Sacramento Regional Transit, Lodi Grapeline 

transit service, and the San Joaquin Regional Transit District. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $59,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento County Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-34 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2G 

TCM ID: TR-2G 

Control Measure Title: Regional Transit Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

Continued operation and maintenance of bus, light rail, and paratransit services. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $364,000,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Regional Transit District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-35 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TR-2H 

TCM ID: TR-2H 

Control Measure Title: YCTD Operating Assistance 

Control Measure Description

YCTD FY 08 Operating Assistance for ADA Paratransit Service 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure will be in effect through 2008. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,100,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Yolo County Transportation District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (i) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-36 

Air Quality Programs 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: AQ-1 

TCM ID: AQ-1 

Control Measure Title: Freeway Service Patrol 

Control Measure Description

The Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) is a program which reduces freeway congestion by 

quickly finding and removing minor incidents from the freeway. Minor incidents include 

stalled cars and "fender-bender" accidents which, in total, account for more than half of 

all non-recurrent freeway congestion. 

FSP's special team of tow truck drivers patrol the Sacramento freeways during the times 

when they are the busiest (the two peak commute periods, one in the morning and the 

other in the late afternoon). FSP drivers assist stranded motorists by helping them 

change a flat tire, providing a gallon of fuel, jump-starting their car, or making other 

minor repairs as needed. If FSP cannot quickly get the vehicle running, it is towed to a 

CHP-approved location off the freeway away from the fast-moving traffic and where the 

motorist can arrange for towing and/or repair. 

The efforts of FSP to quickly remove minor freeway incidents during peak commute 

periods saves Sacramento motorists over 2 million wasted hours every year. 

The Freeway Service Patrol program operates on the following Sacramento Freeways: 

 Highway 99 - Grant Line Road to the Hwy 99/50 Interchange 

 Capital City Freeway (Business 80) - Hwy 99/50 Interchange to the I-80 

Interchange 

 Interstate 5 - Elk Grove Blvd to the Highway 99 Interchange 

 Highway 50 - Interstate 5 to Scott Road 

 Interstate 80 - Interstate 5 to the Placer County Line; in Yolo County from Mace 

Blvd. to Jefferson Blvd. 

The Freeway Service Patrol operates from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. to 6:30 

p.m. Monday through Friday (except holidays). 

FSP is coordinated by the STA, California Highway Patrol, and Caltrans. Major funding 

is provided by the State of California and the Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

(SACOG). There is absolutely no charge to motorists for FSP services. 

Most of the funding for our FSP Program comes from the State of California through the 

State Highway Account and from the Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

(SACOG) which staffs and manages the Capitol Valley Regional Service Authority for 

Freeways and Expressways (SAFE). The SAFE monies from SACOG serves as the 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-37 

required by the local match obligation attached to the State monies. STA administration 

funds are also used to supplement funding. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure is implemented continuously through 2018. 

Cost

The annual budget for this measure is $1,400,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Transportation Authority 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-38 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: AQ-2 

TCM ID: AQ-2 

Control Measure Title: SECAT 

Control Measure Description

The Sacramento Emergency Clean Air & Transportation (SECAT) Program is a 

partnership between the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

(SMAQMD) and the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG). The 

Program's goal is to reduce harmful emissions from on-road heavy-duty vehicles 

operating in the Sacramento region. This program was originally created by California 

Assembly Bill (AB) 2511 to help assure that the Sacramento region meet its 

commitments under the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality attainment. The 

goal of the program is to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions in our air from heavy-duty 

vehicles to meet the 2018 federal 8-hour ozone standard. 

Emission Reductions

Total emission reductions taken for this measure will be: 

NOx: 0.91 tons per day 

ROG: 0.06 tons per day 

Note: The reductions noted here include benefits from other funding streams. 

Timeframe

This measure is implemented continuously through 2018. 

Cost

The annual budget for this measure is $3,000,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xvi) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-39 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: TCM-ONMS-ED-1 (AQ-3) 

Control Measure Title: Notification for Spare the Air Days 

Control Measure Description

The “Spare the Air” program is a year-round public education program with an episodic 

ozone reduction element during the summer ozone season, plus general awareness 

throughout the rest of the year. It is designed to inform people when air quality is 

unhealthy and achieve voluntary emission reductions by encouraging them to reduce 

vehicle trips. The Spare the Air program has operated in the Sacramento region since 

1995 and has been funded largely by Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality funds. 

 

The program includes but is not limited to a Web site (www.SpareTheAir.com), daily 

regional air quality forecasting, mapping of real time air quality data, production and 

airing of television and radio commercials, free Air Alert notifications, brochures and 

other printed materials distributed to the public & business community, elementary 

school assemblies, participation in community events throughout the region. This 

measure also commits to perform an annual awareness survey to judge the program's 

effectiveness. 

This control measure seeks to reduce vehicle activity. The current Spare the Air 

program is included in the most recent approved MTP. This program currently costs 

approximately $600,000 per year and will require adjustments to account for inflationary 

cost increases. This measure is to continue the program funding and achieve at least 

the same effectiveness as today's program. 

This is a transportation control measure (TCM) measure with its primary goal being to 

reduce passenger car VMT, trips, or both. 

Targeted EIC Categories and Planning Inventory

This measure discourages vehicle use for light-duty vehicles. These 10-digit codes 

have been summarized into 3-digit EIC summary codes where most sub-codes are 

equally affected by the measure. The resting and diurnal evaporative emissions 

categories are not affected by the measure to the same degree. However, due to the 

small size of this portion of the inventory, the inclusion of EICs from the third column 

(reflecting resting and diurnal evaporative emissions) is unlikely to reduce the accuracy 

of the emission reduction results. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-40 

3-digit 

EIC 10-digit EICs equally affected by the measure 

10-digit 

EICs 

excluded 

710 

7107011100, 7107061100, 7107081100, 7107121100, 

7107141100, 7107180248, 7107205410, 7107311100, 

7107341100, 7107361100, 7107401100, 7107421100, 

7107440248, 7107465410, 7107611210, 7107641210, 

7107660248, 7107685410 

7107101100, 

7107381100 

722 

7227011100, 7227061100, 7227081100, 7227121100, 

7227141100, 7227180248, 7227205410, 7227311100, 

7227341100, 7227361100, 7227401100, 7227421100, 

7227440248, 7227465410, 7227611210, 7227641210, 

7227660248, 7227685410 

7227101100, 

7227381100

723 

7237011100, 7237061100, 7237081100, 7237121100, 

7237141100, 7237180248, 7237205410, 7237311100, 

7237341100, 7237361100, 7237401100, 7237421100, 

7237440248, 7237465410, 7237611210, 7237641210, 

7237660248, 7237685410 

7237101100, 

7237381100 

750 

7507011100, 7507061100, 7507081100, 7507121100, 

7507141100, 7507180248, 7507205410, 7507311100, 

7507341100, 7507361100, 7507401100, 7507421100, 

7507440248, 7507465410, 7507611210, 7507641210, 

7507660248, 7507685410 

7507101100, 

7507381100 

2018 

Nonattainment 

EIC Code EIC Description Fuel Planning Inventory 

NOx (tpd) ROG (tpd) 

710 

Light Duty 

Passenger All 4.16 7.27 

722 Light Duty Truck 1 All 1.82 2.89 

723 Light Duty Truck 2 All 4.36 5.72 

750 Motorcycle All 0.93 3.53 

 Total 11.27 19.40 

Emission Reductions

The current program (as surveyed in 2005) resulted in 1% of drivers decreasing their 

activity by 3.0 trips each due to outreach. The assessment of the benefits is made using 

the quantification methodology developed in consultation with the California Air 

Resources Board. This analysis uses public opinion surveys to estimate the number of 

drivers who purposefully reduced driving as a result of this program. The reductions 

here use survey results from 2005. We expect that the program will generate the same 

level of activity reduction in the future as the effectiveness noted above is consistent 

with the effectiveness in the 6 years prior to 2005. A formal methodology for conducting 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-41 

the surveys and quantifying the emission benefits is expected to be subject to public 

review in 2009 and submitted as part of the State Implementation Plan. 

From the California Highway Patrol website and the census bureau, the number of 

licensed drivers in the SFNA counties and partial counties was determined. The 

number of licensed drivers in SFNA is approximately 1,400,000 in 2004 based on CHP 

county estimates and apportioned counties in SFNA. Knowing the number of trips 

avoided, percent of drivers participating, and total number of drivers in the SFNA, we 

can calculate the number of trips avoided under the current program. 

Year Number of Licensed 

Drivers in SFNA 

Avoided Trips 

under Current 

Program 

2018 1,847,503 55,425 

The emissions benefits are estimated based on the program's total avoided trips 

compared to total trips in each year and applying this ratio to the appropriate emission 

events (such as hot starts). Emission reductions are shown below for 2018 for light duty 

passenger vehicles, light duty trucks 1, light duty trucks 2, and motorcycles. 

2018

NOx ROG 

EIC Code Tpd % Tpd % 

710 0.017 0.40% 0.021 0.29% 

722 0.007 0.40% 0.009 0.31% 

723 0.018 0.40% 0.018 0.31% 

750 0.004 0.40% 0.011 0.31% 

TOTAL 0.046 0.40% 0.059 0.30% 

Timeframe

Measure is implemented 2008-2018. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-42 

Cost and Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness of the current program was estimated based on the 2006 budget 

of approximately $600,000. 

2018 

X 

Pollutant Lifetime Cost 

Effectiveness ($/ton) 

NOx $ 1,293,071 

ROG $ 1,007,279 

NOx + ROG $ 566,211 

Note that this cost effectiveness is much higher than would generally be acceptable. This measure provides other 

valuable benefits including; 1) education to motivate behavior changes which result in longer term benefits that aren't 

quantified here 2) protection of public health by providing tools to media, businesses, and individuals to take action 

during high pollution episodes, and 3) building and maintaining public support for other emission-reducing measures 

such as Blueprint, rules and ordinances that air district Boards, the SACOG Board, and local jurisdictions will 

consider to fulfill their SIP obligations. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Potential Implementing 

Agency 

Agency 

Type Authority Origin 

SMAQMD Local 

Coordinates the program on behalf of the air 

districts in the SFNA. 

§ 41014. Programs or projects to control 

transportation emission The Sacramento 

district may conduct public education, 

marketing, demonstration, monitoring, 

research, and evaluation programs or 

projects with respect to transportation 

emission control measures. 

www.arb.ca.gov/bluebook/bb06/hea41014/he

a_41014.htm

All SFNA districts and 

SACOG 

Local/Regio

nal 

These agencies provide funding for the 

program. SACOG is the regional agency that 

coordinates flow of federal transportation 

funding (currently Congestion Management 

and Air Quality) that supports this program. 

Air districts provide the local match funding 

required by the funding source. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-43 

References

Lori Kobza, SMAQMD staff. August 2006. 

CA CHP. 2004 Annual Report of Fatal and Injury Motor Vehicle Traffic Collisions: 

Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS).

http://www.chp.ca.gov/switrs/#section3. Viewed July 2006. 

"Sacramento Region Air Quality Basin: "Spare the Air" Campaign 2005 Evaluation Final 

Research Report", Aurora Research Group 2006. 

U.S. Census Bureau Data. 

Sacramento MTP 2006 List of Projects. 

Cleaner Air Partnership letter, "Test Comparison of ARB and CAP Method for 

Quantifying Emission Reductions from Spare the Air Program, Jude Lamare, February 

5, 2003. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-44 

Regional Funding Programs 

In July 2002, SACOG adopted the Metropolitan Transportation Plan for 2025 (MTP 

2025). This 23-year, $22 billion plan for the region included four federally funded 

programs to be used for regional transportation and related priorities that implement the 

goals of the MTP. The four programs, with 23-year funding amounts are: 

• Air Quality $180 million 

• Bicycle and Pedestrian $350 million 

• Transportation Demand Management $ 44 million 

• Community Design $500 million 

When the MTP 2025 was adopted, it was the intent of SACOG to continue these four 

regional funding programs into the foreseeable future in each successive MTP. Since 

the adoption of the MTP 2025, SACOG has adopted several other MTPs, and the 

funding programs have been continued. 

Air Quality Funding Program (FP-1)

The SACOG region is within a non-attainment area for ozone under federal air quality 

laws. Because the region must meet stringent federal air quality requirements in the 

Rate of Progress SIP, SACOG will place highest priority on the selection of costeffective transportation projects that contribute the most to reaching attainment. 

This air quality funding program includes funding air quality programs: Freeway Service 

Patrol, SECAT, and Spare The Air. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-45 

Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding Program (FP-2)

The purpose of this funding program is to provide facilities for walking and biking in the 

cities and towns of the region, or to provide connections between them. Bicycle and 

pedestrian facilities in new developments are expected to be paid for by developers in 

cooperation with cities and counties. Facilities that serve strictly recreational trips or 

equestrians are also expected to obtain other funding. 

List of projects include: 

TCM 

ID 

SACOG 

ID Measure Title Cost 

FP-2 

Adopted Projects from SACOG's Regional Bike/Pedestrian Funding 

Program 

 6 

City of Sacramento: I-80 Bike/Ped 

Bridge at the West Canal $6,600,000

 12 

City of Folsom Bikestation and "Bikelink" 

On-Demand Long-Term Class I Bike 

Parking at Transit Stations $178,000

 14 

City of Elk Grove: Elk Grove Creek 

Bike/Ped Bridge Crossing at SR 99 $5,600,000

 13 

Retrofit Yolobus bus fleet with higher 

capacity bike racks $67,500
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-46 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-2A 

TCM ID: FP-2A 

Control Measure Title: I-80 Bike/Ped Bridge at the West Canal 

Control Measure Description

Construct bike/pedestrian bridge across I-80 at the West Canal, as well as across the 

West Canal. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $6,600,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Sacramento Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-47 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-2B 

TCM ID: FP-2B 

Control Measure Title: City of Folsom Bikestation and “Bikelink” On-Demand 

Long-Term Class I Bike Parking at Transit Stations 

Control Measure Description

To retrofit and install on-demand long-term bike parking at Folsom Light Rail stations 

and new parking garage. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2010. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $178,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Folsom Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-48 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-2C 

TCM ID: FP-2C 

Control Measure Title: City of Elk Grove: Elk Grove Creek Bike/Ped Bridge 

Crossing at SR 99 

Control Measure Description

Extend the existing Class I bikeway from Laguna Springs Dr cross over W. Stockton 

Blvd/SR-99 and E Stockton Blvd and connect to Emerald Park Drive. Project includes a 

bike/pedestrian overcrossing at State Route 99. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $5,600,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Elk Grove 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-49 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-2D 

TCM ID: FP-2D 

Control Measure Title: Retrofit Yolobus bus fleet with higher capacity bike 

racks. 

Control Measure Description

Replace bike racks with higher capacity (3 bicycle) bike racks on 40-45 buses; plus a 

slide out double bike rack on up to two over-the-road coaches. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $67,500 

Needed Resources and Authority

Yolo County Transportation District 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-50 

Transportation Demand Management Funding Program (FP-3)

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) is composed of strategies that can lower 

the demands made on the road and highway system and improve air quality by 

encouraging the use of carpooling, vanpooling, public transit, bicycling and walking. 

SACOG currently operates the regional ridesharing database and performs a number of 

marketing activities that publicize TDM strategies to the general public. SACOG also 

sponsors the TDM Task Force, a group of Transportation Management Associations 

(TMAs) and other organizations that perform or promote TDM services for employers 

and residents of the region. 

The goal of this funding program is to reduce single-occupant vehicle trips in the 

Sacramento region using TDM strategies and measure the effects of these strategies. 

List of projects include: 

TCM 

ID 

SACOG 

ID Measure Title Cost 

FP-3 VAR56025 SACOG Regional Rideshare Program 

$1,200,000 annually 

through 2018
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-51 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-3 

TCM ID: FP-3 

Control Measure Title: SACOG Regional Rideshare Program 

Control Measure Description

Provide ride matching services for the Sacramento metropolitan area; cooperate with 

local agencies in El Dorado and Placer counties on outreach efforts; manage regional 

programs supporting alternatives to driving alone; provide funding for 12 Transportation 

Management Organizations (TMOs) in region through grants. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This measure is implemented continuously through 2018. 

Cost

$1,200,000 per year through 2018. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (vii & xiv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-52 

Community Design Funding Programs (FP-4)

The overall purpose of the Community Design program is to provide support for 

planning and capital development projects that promote the Blueprint Project principles. 

The Community Design Program supports implementation of the Blueprint Project with 

financial incentives to local governments. Grants are awarded to projects sponsored by 

qualified public agencies in the SACOG region. These projects must support specific 

development or planning projects that conform to the seven Blueprint Principles: 

• Transportation choices; 

• Housing diversity; 

• Compact development; 

• Mixed land uses; 

• Use of existing assets; 

• Natural resource protection; and 

• Quality design. 

The MTP for 2025 authorized the program through 2025. The intent of the Community 

Design program is to use regional transportation funding to promote the construction of 

land use developments (or land use and projects) that lead to fewer vehicle miles 

traveled and more walking, biking and transit usage. The program results from the 

recognition that land use influences travel behavior and can be a powerful tool to 

improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the regional transportation system. If it is 

convenient for people to travel to common destinations by walking, biking, or public 

transit, we can reap air quality and congestion-relief benefits at the local and regional 

scale. 

List of projects include: 

TCM 

ID SACOG ID Measure Title Cost 

FP-4 Adopted Projects from SACOG's Regional Community Design Funding Program 

 5 

City of Marysville: East 10th Street and 

Ramirez Street Intersection Improvement $510,000

 6 

City of Rancho Cordova: Folsom Boulevard 

Complete Streets $12,200,000

 11 

Sacramento County: Complete Streets for 

Freedom Park Drive and North Watt 

Avenue $6,400,000

 16 

City of Woodland: Lemen, North, East 

Streets Intersection Realignment $2,600,000
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-53 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-4A 

TCM ID: FP-4A 

Control Measure Title: City of Marysville: East 10th Street and Ramirez Street 

Intersection Improvement 

Control Measure Description

Install a new traffic signal, complete pedestrian improvements and landscaping 

improvements (community design portion), complete a road rehabilitation in and 

adjacent to the intersection and complete channelization changes to the East 10th and 

Ramirez Intersection in Marysville. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $510,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Marysville Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-54 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-4B 

TCM ID: FP-4B 

Control Measure Title: City of Rancho Cordova: Folsom Blvd. Enhancements & 

SR2S Phase 2 

Control Measure Description

Safe Routes to School (SR2S) Install landscaping and streetscaping on Folsom Blvd., 

between Rod Beaudry Dr. and Sunrise Blvd.: to provide safe bicycle and pedestrian 

access to transit from Bradshaw Road to Rio Del Oro Parkway. The CMAQ and RSTP 

funding in 2009/10 is to provide complete street improvements at the east end of 

Folsom Blvd accommodating Kinney High School and the light rail station. 

Improvements include bicycle lanes and pedestrian facilities. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $12,200,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Rancho Cordova 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-55 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-4C 

TCM ID: FP-4C 

Control Measure Title: Sacramento County: Complete Streets for Freedom Park 

Drive and North Watt Avenue 

Control Measure Description

In Sacramento County, Freedom Park Drive, from 32nd St. to Watt Ave and Watt Ave, 

from Don Julio Blvd to Karl Dr on the west side of the roadway in the community of 

North Highlands. Construct pedestrian and streetscape improvements to serve as a 

gateway into adjacent McClellan Park. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $6,400,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento County Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-56 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: FP-4D 

TCM ID: FP-4D 

Control Measure Title: City of Woodland: Lemen, North, East Streets 

Intersection Realignment 

Control Measure Description

In Woodland, Lemen Avenue and North Street at East Street: realign Lemen Avenue to 

connect with North Street at East Street (Phase 1). 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2011. 

Cost

The total budget for this project is $2,600,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

City of Woodland Department of Public Works 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x & xv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-57 

Miscellaneous 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: M-2 

TCM ID: M-2 

Control Measure Title: Light Rail Grade Separation at Watt Avenue and Folsom 

Boulevard 

Control Measure Description

In Sacramento County, Regional Transit Light Rail tracks south of Folsom Blvd on Watt 

Ave, grade separate the rail tracks over Watt Ave. 

Emissions Reductions

ROG: 8,203 lbs per year 

NOx: 2,958 lbs per year 

Cost Effectiveness: $12 per lb 

Timeframe

This project is expected to be completed in 2009. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $25,149,715. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento County Department of Transportation 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (v)
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-58 

Research and Policy Development Further Study Measures

These studies are included as TCMs because they are expected to eventually result in 

policies that are likely to help improve the region’s air quality. Exactly what those 

policies will be or to what extent they will lead to improved air quality is unknown at this 

time. Because of this, and since these are included as studies only, no associated 

emissions reduction benefits are included as part of this SIP. Emissions reductions for 

future adopted policies would be accounted for in future SIPs. The only Research and 

Policy Development TCMs intended to be implemented as policies for the purposes of 

the SIP are those that identify “adopting” a policy. The following are the recommended 

research and policy development TCMs: 

• Blueprint Implementation & Planning Technical Assistance 

• Develop Rural-Urban Connections Strategy & Best Practices Toolkit 

• Research a Transportation Pricing Policy 

• Research a Regional Parking Regulation Policy to Provide Incentives for Use of 

Alternative Modes 

• Adopt a Complete Streets Policy 

• Initiate a Complete Streets Technical Assistance Program 

• Adopt a Safe Routes to School Policy and Implement Pilot Program 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-59 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-1 

TCM ID: RP-1 

Control Measure Title: Blueprint Implementation & Planning Technical 

Assistance 

Control Measure Description

SACOG has no land use authority and cannot directly affect the pattern that future land 

uses will take. However, it can strive to implement the Blueprint Vision through existing 

and new programs. SACOG will continue to fund the regional Community Design 

Grant Program which funds transportation projects that are part of mixed-use, higher 

density developments. The Community Design component of the MTP for 2035 could 

encourage growth patterns that promote alternatives to the automobile by creating 

mixed-use developments that would include residences, shops, parks, and civic 

institutions linked to pedestrian-and-bicycle friendly public transportation centers. 

Projects would be awarded a Community Design grant if they incorporate design 

features such as improved street connectivity, public amenities, and a concentration of 

residences and jobs in proximity to transit routes. Implementation of this strategy could 

result in more balanced land use conditions throughout the region and less land 

converted to urban uses due to the higher-density, infill focus of the grant program. 

SACOG’s other Blueprint Implementation Programs include development of a FormBased Code handbook, Blueprint Development Reviews, and Technical Assistance to 

Local Governments. 

 Form-Based Code Handbook. Form-based zoning codes are an approach to 

regulate development through the use of graphics and standards to define the 

form and scale of new development, while at the same time making the uses 

allowed in any given area much more flexible than a typical zoning code. This is 

in contrast to conventional development regulations, which primarily utilize only 

narrative descriptions. Form-based codes (FBCs) typically provide for significant 

public input during their creation. The handbook will assist local jurisdictions in 

implementing form-based codes in areas where they are trying to encourage 

Smart Growth development (mixed-use, compact development with high street 

connectivity). 

 Blueprint Development Review. At the request of a local government SACOG 

will evaluate a proposed development project for its consistency with the 

Blueprint Principles and Vision Map. 

 Technical Assistance to Local Governments. At the request of a local 

government, SACOG will provide technical planning assistance in the 

development or update of general plans, community plans, specific plans, etc. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-60 

This assistance can include analysis of the Blueprint Vision map or training in 

use of modeling tools. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $450,000 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xiv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-61 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-2 

TCM ID: RP-2 

Control Measure Title: Rural Urban Connections Strategy & Best Practices 

Toolkit 

Control Measure Description

Within 3 years of adoption of the MTP 2035, SACOG will develop a Rural-Urban 

Connections Strategy, to expand on and help to support implementation of, the 

Blueprint growth strategy and the MTP. The Rural-Urban Connections Strategy will 

utilize state-of-the-practice data collection, modeling, research and participation 

practices to develop a toolkit of best practices to promote land use practices in rural 

areas that are economically viable for land owners and local governments and 

environmentally sustainable. Issues to be addressed include, but are not limited, to: 

agricultural practices, natural resource protection, development practices that support 

agricultural and natural resource values, infrastructure needs in rural areas, energy 

production, and methods to promote jobs-housing balance (with a specific emphasis on 

effective jobs-generating practices in appropriate areas.) The toolkit of best practices 

will include assessment of vehicle miles traveled and air emissions, including 

greenhouse gases. Building on local conservation efforts, the strategy will identify 

areas where mitigation for development should be directed to maximize the benefit of 

such acquisitions. It is also expected that this project will result in programs that will 

help reduce the need for single-occupant vehicle travel, relative to commuting in 

particular. Another important outcome will be the identification of environmental 

services, such as flood control, groundwater recharge, and carbon sequestration, which 

are enhanced through a comprehensive approach to urban and rural planning. It is 

anticipated that the Rural-Urban Connections Strategy effort will be completed within 3 

years. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed by 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $1,000,000 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-62 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xiv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-63 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-3 

TCM ID: RP-3 

Control Measure Title: Research a Transportation Pricing Policy 

Control Measure Description

SACOG will prepare an analysis on the impacts and viability of using pricing policies 

with the transit system and selected portions of the road network to encourage people 

to drive less and use transit, walking and bicycling modes more. This study will identify 

strategies to reduce emissions that will include, but are not limited to, free or reduced 

transit fares during “spare the air” days; fare-free zones on the transit system; transit 

vouchers; days on which transit is free; congestion pricing options for portions of the 

road system, such as tolls on freeways and highways; and congestion-pricing to enter 

certain high-traffic areas served by public transit (e.g., downtown Sacramento). 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed by 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $300,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (vii) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-64 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-4 

TCM ID: RP-4 

Control Measure Title: Research a Regional Parking Regulation Policy to 

Provide Incentives for Use of Alternative Modes 

Control Measure Description

SACOG will prepare an analysis and perform travel modeling and air emissions analysis 

to identify a range of alternatives for local governments to use to modify current parking 

regulations to create incentives for people to use available transit, walking and biking 

options and neighborhood electric vehicles. The analysis will address impacts of 

parking maximum and minimum requirements, shared parking systems, and parking 

pricing on travel behavior and air emissions. The study will also include the potential for 

application of alternative energy technologies, such as solar shading and power 

generation, at both structured and surface parking facilities. The I-PLACE3S energy 

module will be used to support this research. This study will be conducted 

cooperatively with key partners such as the air districts and local governments within 

the region. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $350,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (vi) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-65 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-5 

TCM ID: RP-5 

Control Measure Title: Adopt a “Complete Streets” Policy 

Control Measure Description

SACOG will adopt a “Complete Streets” policy to require that applicants for SACOG 

regional funding programs demonstrate that the planning, design, construction and 

maintenance of roadway and transit facilities include the needs of all transportation 

users – pedestrians, bicyclists, the disabled, transit users, and motorists. Examples 

include facilities (sidewalks, bike lanes, etc.) that allow for safe walking, biking and 

wheelchair access along roadways. Through its Complete Streets policy, SACOG will 

require that applicants for local funding programs administered by SACOG demonstrate 

that their project is multi-modal and will consider the needs of bicyclists, pedestrians 

and disabled travelers. SACOG’s policy will be consistent with current, adopted 

regional and local plans, and in accordance with locally adopted policies such as 

Sacramento County’s Measure A program that earmarks funds for multi-modal 

improvements (highway, street, and road construction; highway, street, and road 

maintenance; bus and light rail capital and operations; improved transportation services 

for elderly and handicapped persons; and transportation-related air quality programs). 

In the absence of such plans, federal, state, and local standards and guidelines should 

be used to determine appropriate accommodations for pedestrians, bicyclists, and 

disabled travelers. 

The policy will also require applicants for State funding programs to ensure that projects 

are consistent with Caltrans Directive 64, which states that the California Department of 

Transportation, "fully considers the needs of non-motorized travelers (including 

pedestrians, bicyclists and persons with disabilities) in all programming, planning, 

maintenance, construction, operations and project development activities and products." 

The policy will also require that applicants for federal funding programs ensure that 

projects are consistent with the United States Department of Transportation Policy 

Statement on “Accommodating Bicyclists and Pedestrians in Transportation Projects”. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2012. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-66 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $50,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-67 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-6 

TCM ID: RP-6 

Control Measure Title: Initiate a “Complete Streets” Technical Assistance 

Program 

Control Measure Description

To implement the Complete Streets policy, SACOG will review and analyze the 

practices of local governments within the SACOG region and around the nation to 

identify appropriate “Best Practices” for complete street design within the SACOG 

region. “Complete Streets” means design of the right-of-way for all relevant modes of 

travel, including pedestrian, bicyclists and transit as well as automobiles. The best 

practices will address the functional needs of different types of streets, including 

arterials, major and minor collectors, and local streets. SACOG will develop a 

curriculum, conduct educational seminars/workshops to disseminate the best practices 

information and provide technical assistance for local governments (public works and 

planning staff, planning commissioners and elected officials) and members of the 

private land use development, planning, engineering and design communities to assist 

the design and construction of “Complete Streets” throughout the MTP Plan Area. 

SACOG will also provide technical assistance to local governments on a case-by-case 

basis, as requested, to help them to successfully implement this concept. 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $100,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (x) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-68 

CONTROL MEASURE NUMBER: RP-7 

TCM ID: RP-7 

Control Measure Title: Adopt a “Safe Routes to School” Policy and Implement 

a Pilot Program 

Control Measure Description

Within 3 years from the adoption of the MTP 2035, SACOG will adopt a Safe Routes to 

Schools (SRTS) policy to promote the practice of safe bicycling and walking to and from 

schools throughout the MTP Plan Area in order to reduce traffic congestion, improve air 

quality, and enhance neighborhood safety. There are both federal and state funding 

programs for SRTS. As a regional agency, SACOG is an eligible applicant under the 

Federal program for both infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects. Under the state 

program, only cities and counties are eligible applicants for infrastructure projects 

(Caltrans, 2007). With the passage of the Safe Routes to School bill (AB 1475), a “onethird” distribution formula for federal safety funds to be allocated in equal amounts to: 

state highways, local roads, and Safe Routes to School (SRTS) construction program 

was established. 

SACOG will also join the Safe Routes to School National Partnership, a network of 

more than 300 nonprofit organizations, government agencies, schools, and 

professionals working together to advance the Safe Routes to School movement in the 

United States. 

In addition, SACOG will host a regional workshop for all cities, counties, school districts 

and transit operators within the region to identify other potential opportunities for 

collaboration that would reduce greenhouse gas impacts. At a minimum, the issues 

discussed will include the findings from the Safe Routes to School activities described 

above, opportunities to increase the number of students with bus or other transit options 

to get to and from school, and integrating school siting practices with goals of promoting 

walkable neighborhoods with a wide range of easily accessible services. This workshop 

will be patterned after the “Stretching Community Dollars Guidebook” and workshop 

series that the SACOG Executive Director wrote for the California City, County, Schools 

(CCS) Partnership (a non-profit organization of the League of California Cities, 

California State Association of Counties and California School Boards Association). 

That workshop series is specifically designed to help these three local government 

entities to take maximum advantage of opportunities for collaboration. SACOG will ask 

the CCS Partnership to co-host the event, and offer to make the materials prepared for 

the event available to the CCS Partnership for use in its on-going workshop series 

around the state. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-69 

Emission Reductions

No emission reductions are being claimed for this measure in the SIP. 

Timeframe

This project is estimated to be completed in 2012. 

Cost

The total budget for this measure is $200,000. 

Needed Resources and Authority

Sacramento Area Council of Governments 

The federal Safe Routes to School program (SRTS) was authorized by Section 1404 of 

the SAFETEA-LU (the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: 

A Legacy for Users). SACOG will also obtain federal funds from the Federal Highway 

Administration through Caltrans to implement at least one SRTS pilot program within 

the MTP Plan Area. 

The State-legislated Safe Routes to School program (SR2S) is contained in Streets & 

Highways Code Section 2330-2334. SACOG will encourage its member agencies to 

apply for funds available through the State Highway Safety Improvement fund for 

eligible infrastructure projects in order to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety for 

schoolchildren. 

Eligible per the Clean Air Act as Amended, Section 108 (f) (xiv) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-70 

Attachment A 

Potential Transportation Control Measures

Clean Air Act, Section 108 (f)

i) Programs for improved public transit; 

ii) Restriction of certain roads or lanes to, or construction of such roads or lanes 

 for use by, passenger buses or high-occupancy vehicles (HOV); 

iii) Employer-based transportation management plans, including incentives; 

iv) Trip-reduction ordinances; 

v) Traffic flow improvement programs that achieve emissions reductions; 

vi) Fringe and transportation corridor parking facilities serving multiple- 

 occupancy vehicle programs or transit service; 

vii) Programs to limit or restrict vehicle use in downtown areas or other areas of 

 emissions concentration particularly during periods of peak use; 

viii) Programs for the provision of all forms of high-occupancy, shared-rides; 

ix) Programs to limit portions of road surfaces or certain sections of the 

 metropolitan area to the use of non-motorized vehicles or pedestrian use, 

both as to time and place; 

x) Programs for secure bicycle storage facilities and other facilities, including 

 bicycle lanes, for the convenience and protection of bicyclists, in both public 

 and private areas; 

xi) Programs to control extended idling of vehicles; 

xii) Reducing emissions from extreme cold-start conditions; 

xiii) Employer-sponsored programs to permit flexible work schedules; 

xiv) Programs and ordinances to facilitate non-automobile travel, provision and 

 utilization of mass transit, and to generally reduce the need for single- 

 occupant vehicle travel, as part of transportation planning and development 

 efforts of a locality, including programs and ordinances applicable to new 

 shopping centers, special events, and other centers of vehicle activity; 

xv) Programs for new construction and major reconstruction of paths, tracks, or 

 areas solely for use by pedestrian or other non-motorized means of 

 transportation when economically feasible and in the public interest. For 

 purposes of this clause, the Administrator shall also consult with the 

Secretary of the Interior; and 

xvi) Programs to encourage removal of pre-1980 vehicles. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-71 

Attachment A-1 

Substitution of Transportation Control Measures

SAFETEA-LU section 6011(d) reads as follows: 

(d) Substitution of Transportation Control Measures.--Section 176(c) of the Clean Air 

Act (42 U.S.C. 7506(c)) (as amended by subsection (c)) is amended by inserting after 

paragraph (7) the following: 

"(8) Substitution of transportation control measures.— 

• "(A) In general.--Transportation control measures that are specified in an 

implementation plan may be replaced or added to the implementation plan with 

alternate or additional transportation control measureso "(i) if the substitute measures achieve equivalent or greater emissions 

reductions than the control measure to be replaced, as demonstrated with 

an emissions impact analysis that is consistent with the current 

methodology used for evaluating the replaced control measure in the 

implementation plan; 

"(ii) if the substitute control measures are implemented- 

 "(I) in accordance with a schedule that is consistent with the 

schedule provided for control measures in the implementation 

plan; or 

"(II) if the implementation plan date for implementation of the 

control measure to be replaced has passed, as soon as 

practicable after the implementation plan date but not later than 

the date on which emission reductions are necessary to achieve 

the purpose of the implementation plan; 

"(iii) if the substitute and additional control measures are accompanied 

with evidence of adequate personnel and funding and authority under 

State or local law to implement, monitor, and enforce the control 

measures; 

"(iv) if the substitute and additional control measures were developed 

through a collaborative process that included- 

 "(I) participation by representatives of all affected jurisdictions 

(including local air pollution control agencies, the State air 

pollution control agency, and State and local transportation 

agencies); 

"(II) consultation with the Administrator; and 

"(III) reasonable public notice and opportunity for comment; and 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-72 

"(v) if the metropolitan planning organization, State air pollution control 

agency, and the Administrator concur with the equivalency of the 

substitute or additional control measures. 

 

• "(B) Adoption.- 

o "(i) Concurrence by the metropolitan planning organization, State air 

pollution control agency and the Administrator as required by 

subparagraph (A)(v) shall constitute adoption of the substitute or additional 

control measures so long as the requirements of subparagraphs (A)(i), 

(A)(ii), (A)(iii) and (A)(iv) are met. 

"(ii) Once adopted, the substitute or additional control measures become, 

by operation of law, part of the state implementation plan and become 

federally enforceable. 

"(iii) Within 90 days of its concurrence under subparagraph (A)(v), the 

State air pollution control agency shall submit the substitute or additional 

control measure to the Administrator for incorporation in the codification of 

the applicable implementation plan. Notwithstanding any other provision of 

this Act, no additional State process shall be necessary to support such 

revision to the applicable plan. 

• "(C) No requirement for express permission.--The substitution or addition of a 

transportation control measure in accordance with this paragraph and the funding 

or approval of such a control measure shall not be contingent on the existence of 

any provision in the applicable implementation plan that expressly permits such a 

substitution or addition. 

• "(D) No requirement for new conformity determination.--The substitution or addition 

of a transportation control measure in accordance with this paragraph shall not 

requireo "(i) a new conformity determination for the transportation plan; or 

"(ii) a revision of the implementation plan. 

• "(E) Continuation of control measure being replaced.--A control measure that is 

being replaced by a substitute control measure under this paragraph shall remain 

in effect until the substitute control measure is adopted by the State pursuant to 

subparagraph (B). 

• "(F) Effect of adoption.--Adoption of a substitute control measure shall constitute 

rescission of the previously applicable control measure." 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-73 

Reasonably Available Control Measure (RACM) Analysis 

Background 

The Sacramento region has been designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) as a non-attainment area under the federal 8-hour ozone standard. The 

region is currently in the process of preparing a new state implementation plan (SIP) to 

demonstrate how it will reach attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard. Section 172 

(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires that state implementations plans include an analysis 

of what are known as reasonably available control measures (RACM). The purpose of 

this analysis is to ensure that the Sacramento Region is implementing all reasonably 

available control measures, as required to demonstrate attainment of the 8-hour ozone 

standard as expeditiously as practicable. The Sacramento Area Council of 

Governments (SACOG) conducted this RACM analysis in conjunction with the 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD).20

RACM Analysis Overview and Criteria 

In its 1992 General Preamble for implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act 

Amendments, EPA explains that it interprets Section 172 (c)(1) as a requirement that 

states incorporate in a SIP all reasonably available control measures that would 

advance a region’s attainment date. However, regions are obligated to adopt only those 

measures that are reasonably available for implementation in light of local 

circumstances. In the Preamble, EPA laid out guidelines to help states determine which 

measures should be considered reasonably available. These guidelines are 

summarized in the sections that follow. 

Implementation Date 

Implementation of a measure or a group of measures is typically expected to assist the 

region in advancing the date of attainment at least one year. With the current 

attainment demonstration year set at 2018, this would require a reduction in ozone 

levels by 2017. 

Enforceability 

Once a transportation control measure is added to a SIP, it becomes legally binding. If 

the state or local government does not have the authority necessary to implement or 

enforce a measure, the measure is not creditable in the SIP and therefore cannot be 

declared a RACM. A measure is considered enforceable when all state or local 

government agencies responsible for funding, implementation and enforcement of the 

measure have committed in writing to its implementation and enforcement. 

 

20 Yolo-Solano AQMD staff consulted with the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) to identify 

any TCMs that might be implemented in the YSAQMD portion of Solano County, and determined that 

ABAG is not committing to any TCMs in that area. (YSAQMD, Matt Jones e-mail 12-10-08) 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-74 

Technological Feasibility 

All technology-based control measures must include technologies that have been 

verified by EPA. The region cannot take SIP credit for technologies that do not produce 

EPA-verifiable results. 

Economic Feasibility and Cost Effectiveness 

Another key RACM test is whether or not the measures are economically feasible. This 

test analyzes both the cost-effectiveness of the proposed measure, as well as the 

overall availability of funding to fully implement the measure as proposed. In many 

cases, a finding of “not economically feasible” is a result of insufficient resources to fully 

implement the measure as proposed. The Transportation Research Board in recent 

research set a range of $10,000-$20,000 per ton of pollution reduced (in 2000 dollars), 

below which measures can be considered to be economically feasible.21 The 

Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area set a threshold of $3,500-$5,000 per ton as part of 

their 2007 RACM analysis. The Sacramento Area Metropolitan Air Quality Management 

District has imposed a variety of rules whose cost-effectiveness has ranged from 

$2,000-$34,000 per ton. For the purposes of this RACM analysis, $34,000 per ton will 

be used as the cost-effectiveness threshold. 

Substantial and Widespread Adverse Impacts 

The potential exists for some candidate control measures to cause substantial and 

widespread adverse impacts to a particular social group or sector of the economy. 

From an environmental justice standpoint, any measures that are found to cause 

substantial or widespread adverse impacts will not be considered RACM. 

Advancing the Attainment Date 

Another test is whether or not the collective total of available regional and local control 

measures that are considered but not proposed to be adopted (including stationary, 

area, land use, and mobile source measures) would be sufficient to advance the 

attainment date by one year (one full ozone season earlier than expected). This 

analysis was conducted by the air districts using information supplied by SACOG staff. 

If the test results would not advance the attainment date, then the measures not being 

proposed for adoption would not be considered RACM. 

 

21 Transportation Research Board: The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program, 

Assessing 10 Years of Experience, Special Report 264. TRB, National Research Council, Washington 

D.c., 2002. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-75 

Intensive and Costly Effort 

Considered altogether, the cost of implementing the proposed measures cannot exceed 

the resources available to the region.22

Analysis Methodology 

SACOG and the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) 

have jointly compiled a list of potential control measures from the following sources: 

 Clean Air Act Section 108(f) measures 

 Measures considered in the San Francisco Bay Area, San Joaquin Valley and 

South Coast Air Quality Management District RACM analyses 

 Air District Workshop 

 The MTP 2035 Draft Project List 

TCM Development Process 

The first step was to develop a list of transportation control measures for possible 

consideration. This list was developed from a variety of sources: prior Sacramento 

Area RACM processes, TCM-eligible projects from the draft MTP for 2035, other 

regions’ SIPs and measures suggested by partner agencies and the public through the 

interagency consultation process. SACOG staff reviewed over 1,400 projects from the 

draft MTP 2035 project list and considered those that met the CAA TCM eligibility 

requirements as part of the potential list of TCMs. 

In addition, other area’s 8-hour ozone SIPs were reviewed and cross-referenced against 

measures already on the list. The other 8-hour ozone SIPs reviewed includes the 

following: 

2005 Bay Area Ozone Strategy 

2007 South Coast 8-Hour Ozone Plan 

2007 San Joaquin Valley 8-Hour Ozone Plan 

2007 San Diego County 8-Hour Ozone Attainment Plan 

2007 Metropolitan Washington 8-Hour Ozone SIP 

2007 Cecil County MD 8-Hour Ozone SIP 

The TCM development process and draft lists of potential TCMs were presented at 

public meetings on ten different dates from September 10, 2007 – March 6, 2008. 

These included discussions at SACOG’s Regional Planning Partnership (RPP), Land 

Use, Housing and Air Quality Committee (subsequently the Climate and Air Quality 

Committee), the Transportation Committee, the Flood Management Committee and the 

Government Relations and Public Affairs Committee, as well as the SACOG Board of 

 

22 RACM Analysis for Four Serious Areas Designated Nonattainment for 1-hr Ozone NAAQS. U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, 

and Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Ann Arbor. October 12, 2000. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-76 

Directors. This process resulted in a thorough list of control measures for consideration 

as potential TCMs, which could be considered as a Reasonably Available Control 

Measure or RACM. 

These measures were evaluated using the criteria noted above, and are documented in 

Attachment A-2. 

RACM Determination and Analysis Results 

Attachment A-2 lists the potential control measures, organized by category, and notes 

whether they are considered RACM, and if not, the reasons they were not found to be 

RACM. The measures that have been determined to be RACM will be included in the 

SIP as TCMs.
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-77 

Attachment A-2 

Control Measure 

Number 

Control Measure Title and 

Strategy Type 

Conclusions, Comments, 

and Status 

Recommended and Proposed Transportation Control Measures 

ITS-1 Arden Way “Smart Corridor” from Del 

Paso to Watt 

Expected to be completed in 

2008 

ITS-2 Sacramento Traffic Operations Center Expected to be completed in 

2009 

ITS-3 Watt Avenue Phase 3 Smart Corridor Expected to be completed in 

2009 

ITS-4 Sacramento Transportation Area 

Network (STARNET) Implementation 

Expected to be operational in 

2008 and be completed in 2009 

TF-1 El Dorado Central Park and Ride 

Facility 

Expected to be completed in 

2009 

TF-2 Improvements to Loomis Multimodal 

Center 

Expected to be completed in 

2010 

TF-3 13th and 16th Light Rail Station 

Improvements 

Expected to be completed in 

2009 

TR-1 Transit Vehicle Acquisitions – Bus 

Replacement 

This task divided into 8 

components. See below. 

TR-1A Auburn Transit Bus Replacement Expected to be completed in 

2008 

TR-1B Roseville Transit Bus Purchase Expected to be completed in 

2009 

TR-1C Roseville Transit Bus Replacement Expected to be completed in 

2008 

TR-1D Replacement Neighborhood Ride Buses Expected to be completed in 

2012 

TR-1E E-Tran Replacement Buses Expected to be completed in 

2010 

TR-1F SRTD Neighborhood Ride Vehicle 

Replacement 

Expected to be completed in 

2010 

TR-1G Yuba Sutter Transit Bus Expansion Expected to be completed in 

2010 

TR-1H YCTD Bus Replacement Expected to be completed in 

2010 

TR-2 Transit Operations – Fund Transit 

operators 

This task divided into 8 

components. See below. 

TR-2A El Dorado Transit Operating Assistance Expected to be completed in 

2009 

TR-2B Roseville Operating Assistance Implemented in 2008 

TR-2C Elk Grove Operating Assistance Implemented in 2011 

TR-2D Folsom Operating Assistance Implemented in 2011 

TR-2E Paratransit Operating Assistance Implemented in 2008 

TR-2F Sacramento County Operating 

Assistance Implemented in 2008 

TR-2G Regional Transit Operating Assistance Implemented in 2010 

TR-2H YCTD Operating Assistance Implemented in 2008 

AQ-1 

Freeway Service Patrol – provide 

motorist assistance and towing for 

disable vehicles during peak hours 

Implemented in 2008 to 2018 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-78 

AQ-2 Sacramento Emergency Clean Air & 

Transportation (SECAT) Program Implemented in 2008 to 2018 

TCM-ONMS-ED-1 

(AQ-3) Notification of Spare The Air Implemented in 2008 to 2108 

FP-1 Air Quality Funding Program Fund AQ-1, AQ-2, and AQ-3 

FP-2 Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding 

Program 

This task divided into 4 

components. See below. 

FP-2A I-80 Bike/Ped Bridge at the West Canal Expected to be completed in 

2012 

FP-2B 

City of Folsom Bikestation and 

“Bikelink” On-Demand Long-Term Class 

I Bike Parking at Transit Stations 

Expected to be completed in 

2010 

FP-2C City of Elk Grove: Elk Grove Creek 

Bike/Ped Bridge 

Expected to be completed in 

2011 

FP-2D Retrofit Yolobus bus fleet with higher 

capacity bike racks 

Expected to be completed in 

2011 

FP-3 Transportation Demand Management 

Funding Program Implemented in 2008 to 2018 

FP-4 Community Design Funding Program This task divided into 4 

components. See below. 

FP-4A 

City of Marysville: East 10th Street and 

Ramirez Street Intersection 

Improvement 

Expected to be completed in 

2011 

FP-4B City of Rancho Cordova: Folsom Blvd. 

Enhancements & SR2S Phase 2 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

FP-4C 

Sacramento County: Complete Streets 

for Freedom Park Drive and North Watt 

Avenue 

Expected to be completed in 

2011 

FP-4D City of Woodland: Lemen, North, East 

Streets Intersection Realignment 

Expected to be completed in 

2011 

M-2 Light Rail Grade Separation at Watt and 

Folsom Boulevard 

Expected to be completed in 

2009 

RP-1 Blueprint implementation and Planning 

Technical Assistance 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-2 

Development Rural-Urban Connections 

Strategy and Create Best Practices 

Toolkit 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-3 Research a Transportation Pricing 

Policy 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-4 

Research a Regional Parking 

Regulation to Provide Incentives for Use 

of Alternative Modes 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-5 Adopt “Complete Streets” Policy Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-6 Initiate a “Complete Streets” Technical 

Assistance Program 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 

RP-7 Adopt a Safe Routes to School Policy 

and Implement Pilot Program 

Expected to be completed in 

2012 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-79 

Other Control Measures Considered – Bike/Walk Communities Control Measure 

TCM-201 Increase Bike/Walk Trips 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible; some 

implementation will occur through 

TCM FP-2 and TCMs RP-5, RP-6 

and RP-7. 

TCM-15 Increased Walk-to-School Programs Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-177 Bicycle stations Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-217 Expanded Pedestrian and Bicycle 

Infrastructure Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-22 Bike Access at Transit Stations Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-276 More Bike Parking Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-277 Wide Road Shoulders and Narrow 

Gutters Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-284 Minimize Bollards Use Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-286 Debris-free Roads – swept bikeway 

frequently Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-292 Underground Utilizes – Place utilities 

close to street centerline Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-315 Require More Bike Trips Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-318 Showers and Lockers at Work Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-319 More River and Railroad Crossings Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-320 More Freeway Crossings and Modified 

Interchange Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-323 Bicycle-friendly Streets Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-324 Increase Funding of Cycling Programs Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-327 Treatment of Cyclists with Respect Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-280 Police Enforcement of Bike Law Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-283 Motorists Share Roads Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-285 Promote Cycling Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-288 Universal Bike Education Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-289 Minimize Traffic Lanes Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-296 Cycling Incentives like for Carpoolers or 

Transit Users Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-298 Increase Bike Deliveries Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-301 Bike Cars on Train Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-317 Info on Bike Access Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-330 Bike Use by Government Employees Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-88 Walking and Bicycling Events Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-329 Education of Road Users Subset of TCM-201 

TCM-314 Subsidize Purchase of Bike Accessories Subset of TCM-201 

Other Control Measures Considered – Educational/Voluntary Control Measures

TCM-113 Displaying air quality data on billboards Not Recommended – Minimal 

Emissions Reductions 

TCM-145 

Public Education on NOx and ROG 

sources in Schools and Small 

Businesses 

Not Recommended – Minimal 

Emissions Reductions 

TCM-153 Public Education to School Subset of TCM-145 

TCM-166 Increase outreach efforts to small 

businesses Subset of TCM-145 

TCM-195 Public Information about the total costs 

of gasoline use 

Not Recommended – Minimal 

Emissions Reductions 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-80 

Other Control Measures Considered – Episodic Control Measures

TCM-104 Reduce Work-Related Trips 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement; not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-205 More Episodic Controls Subset of TCM-104 

TCM-97 Increase fees for parking garages and 

meters during episodes 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement; not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-86 Provide free public transit during 

episodes 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

Other Control Measures Considered – HOV Lane Control Measures

TCM-107 Dedicated Bus Lanes Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

Other Control Measures Considered – Work Related Trip Reduction Control Measures

TCM-123 Work-Related Trip Reduction Program Partially Implemented (See 

below) 

TCM-184 Regional Guaranteed Ride Home Subset of TCM-123; to be 

implemented through TCM FP-3. 

TCM-297 Bike Use at Businesses 

Subset of TCM-123 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-302 Government Staff Dedicate to Cycling 

Subset of TCM-123 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-373 Carpool program Subset of TCM-123; to be 

implemented through TCM FP-3. 

TCM-124 Telework/Alternative Work Schedule 

Subset of TCM-123 

Not Recommended – Not 

Enforceable 

TCM-186 Increase telecommuting 

Subset of TCM-123 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-229 

Various Traffic Reduction Strategies – 

Address the transportation to the public 

and reduce emissions from automobile 

by encouraging and supporting carpool 

and use of public transportation 

Subset of TCMs-123 and 174; to 

be partially implemented through 

TCM FP-3. 

TCM-100 Reduce business/government hours of 

operation 

Subset of TCM-123; no authority 

to implement. 

TCM-94 Close Government on Pollution Days Subset of TCMs-100 and 123; no 

authority to implement. 

TCM-174 Regional Rideshare Program Implemented as TCM FP-3. 

TCM-208 Regional alternatives work schedules Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-143 Stagger work schedules Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-81 

Other Control Measures Considered – Traffic Information Control Measure

TCM-179 

Enhance real time traffic information to 

allow drivers to make better decisions 

about when and where to travel 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible; to be 

partially implemented through 

TCMs ITS-1 through 4. 

TCM-273 Road Hazard Reporting Subset of TCM-179; not 

economically feasible. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-82 

Other Control Measures Considered – Parking Control Measures

TCM-199 

Reduce the number of public parking 

spaces in the City of Sacramento by 

25% 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-306 Parking Cash Out 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-310 

Charge City-owned parking garage 

pass-holders a fee for more than one 

entrance and exit each day 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-311 Refunds to Parking Garage PassHolders 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-316 Eliminate Timed Parking 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

TCM-76 Extended the Parking Cash-Out law to 

employer-owned parking spaces 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement and not 

economically feasible. Some 

elements of this considered 

measure will be analyzed as part 

of TCM RP-4. 

Other Control Measures Considered – Pay to Pollute Control Measures

TCM-57 

Require passenger vehicles not meeting 

the standards of passenger cars to pay 

an annual fee and/or a fee upon 

purchase 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-247 Tax on Inefficient Vehicles Subset of TCM-57 

TCM-261 Tax SUVs Subset of TCM-57 

TCM-359 Pricing strategies to affect Consumer 

Demand Subset of TCM-57 

TCM-118 Increase Vehicle Registration Fee and 

Traffic and Parking Violation Fines 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-196 Ticket Surcharges Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-157 

Require a surcharge to be paid by 

drivers during the summer season 

based on the number of driving miles 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-83 

TCM-78 Emission-based registration fees Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-192 Tailpipe emissions Subset of TCM-78 

TCM-36 Vehicle Smog Impact Fee Subset of TCM-78 

TCM-56 

Increase gasoline sales tax in the 

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment 

Area 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

TCM-200 Increase Gasoline Subset of TCM-56 

TCM-241 Fuel Tax During Summer Months Subset of TCM-56 

TCM-304 

Increase the price of gasoline to pay for 

damage of pollutions, cost of global 

warming, and cost of petroleum 

dependency 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement; not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-39 Sell Clean Air License Plates to fund air 

quality programs 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement. 

Other Control Measures Considered – Traffic Calming Control Measures

TCM-294 

Implement traffic calming measures to 

reduce vehicle speed and encourage 

bicycle and pedestrian activity 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-169 Install traffic circles at intersections Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

SACOG Transportation Control Measures 

Page D-84 

Other Control Measures Considered – Traffic Expansion Control Measures

TCM-111 Improve safety and security on public 

transit 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TM-154 Implement public transit discounts and 

incentives for employees 

Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-185 Community-based shuttle system Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-187 Bus Traffic-Signal Pre-emption Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-368 Light Rail Access to Airport Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-84 Provide free public transit Not Recommended – Not 

economically feasible. 

TCM-146 Special RT fares for certain groups Subset of TCM-84 

TCM-89 Employers provide free transit passes to 

all employees Subset of TCM-84 

Other Control Measures Considered – Airport Control Measures

TCM-83 Eliminate government employee airport 

parking reimbursement 

Not Recommended – No 

authority to implement; not 

economically feasible; Regional 

Parking Regulation and 

incentives will be further analyzed 

through implementation of TCM 

RP-4. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-1 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Attainment demonstrations based on photochemical modeling can be strengthened by 

supplemental evidence from additional modeling analyses and from considering 

modeling outputs other than the attainment test results. More diverse non-modeling 

and observational methods analyzing air quality, meteorological, and emissions data 

can also be used to corroborate the modeling predictions. EPA guidance23 specifies 

that a comprehensive weight-of-evidence approach should be undertaken to support the 

modeled attainment demonstration. 

The following information for the weight-of-evidence analyses in this appendix was 

provided by CARB and was summarized in Chapter 10 – Weight-of-Evidence 

Determination. 

SACRAMENTO METRO AREA: OZONE 

Introduction

The Sacramento Metro Area24 is currently classified as a Serious nonattainment area 

for the federal 8-hour ozone standard and has a nominal attainment date of June 15, 

2013. ARB staff completed photochemical modeling indicating the area will not attain 

the standard by the 2013 deadline. However, results show the area could reach 

attainment in 2018 with additional NOx emissions reductions resulting from State and 

local measures. Therefore, on February 14, 2008, ARB forwarded to U.S. EPA a 

request to reclassify the area from Serious to Severe-15, with an attainment date of 

June 15, 2019, as allowed by U.S. EPA. This action was approved by the governing 

boards of the five air districts, and U.S. EPA is expected to approve the request. The 

following sections contain the supplemental air quality and emissions analyses 

supporting the overall conclusion that Sacramento will attain the federal 8-hour standard 

by the 2019 deadline for Severe-15 ozone nonattainment areas. 

U.S. EPA Attainment Demonstration Requirements

The attainment demonstration portion of a SIP consists of the analyses used to 

determine whether a proposed control strategy provides the reductions necessary to 

meet the federal standard by the attainment year. This attainment demonstration 

includes photochemical modeling, which predicts that projected new controls will result 

in an 8-hour ozone design value of less than 0.085 parts per million (ppm) for the 

Sacramento Metro Area in 2018. (note: because the design value is based on a 

 

23 “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses for Demonstrating Attainment of Air Quality Goals 

for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze” (EPA, April 2007, p. 98-109). 24 Sacramento Metro Area is the same region as the Sacramento federal nonattainment area as shown in 

Figure 1. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-2 

three-year average, an area must have a design value that meets the standard at the 

end of the year prior to the attainment year; for example, if an area has an attainment 

date of June 15, 2019, it must have a design value that meets the standard at the end of 

2018). Because of the uncertainties inherent in photochemical modeling, the U.S. EPA 

allows states to supplement the modeling results with a “Weight of Evidence” (WOE) 

demonstration if the model predicts ozone levels of 0.082 ppm to 0.087 ppm. 

The WOE assessment provides a set of complementary analyses that supplement the 

SIP-required modeling. These analyses can include consideration of measured air 

quality, emissions, and meteorological data, evaluation of other air quality indicators, 

and additional air quality modeling. Because all analysis methods have inherent 

strengths and weaknesses, examining an air quality problem in a variety of ways helps 

offset the limitations and uncertainties that are inherent in any particular method. 

The scope of the WOE analysis is different for each nonattainment area. The level of 

detail appropriate for each area depends upon the complexity of the air quality problem, 

how far into the future the attainment deadline is, and the amount of data and modeling 

available. This document summarizes the analyses that comprise the WOE 

assessment for the Sacramento Metro Area. 

Physical Context

The Sacramento Metro Area comprises all of Sacramento and Yolo counties, the 

eastern portion of Solano County, the southern portion of Sutter County, and the 

portions of El Dorado and Placer counties that are not part of the Lake Tahoe Air Basin. 

Geographically, the area occupies the southern portion of the Sacramento Valley, 

extending from the foothills of the Coast Ranges in the west to the Sierra Nevada in the 

east and from the Sacramento River delta in the south to the northern borders of Yolo 

and Placer counties. 

There are no large emissions sources in the Sacramento Metro Area. Instead, the 

region is characterized by a number of smaller emissions sources that are widespread 

throughout the area. On-road motor vehicles and other mobile sources account for the 

majority of the area’s ozone precursor emissions. To simplify the following analyses 

and better characterize ozone air quality, the Sacramento Metro Area is divided into 

three subregions: the “western” subregion, the “central” subregion, and the “eastern” 

subregion. Each subregion shares similar ozone air quality, source-receptor 

relationships, and geography (refer to Figure 1). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-3 

Figure 1: Sacramento Metro Area Subregions 

 

As shown in Figure 1, the western subregion includes Yolo and Solano counties and the 

downtown Sacramento area. While ozone concentrations are low in the western 

subregion, prevailing winds during the summer ozone season generally flow from the 

south/southwest to the north/northeast. As a result, ozone and ozone precursor 

emissions from the western subregion can be transported to the other two subregions, 

contributing to problems in these areas. 

The central subregion includes the suburban areas of Sacramento County that are east 

of downtown Sacramento, as well as the urbanized portions of Placer County. This 

area has experienced rapid growth over the last decade. In the central subregion, local 

emissions combine with emissions and pollutants transported from the western 

subregion to produce higher ozone concentrations. 

Finally, the eastern subregion comprises the eastern portion of the Sacramento Metro 

Area and the areas to the north and south of the central subregion. The eastern 

subregion includes the Placer and El Dorado county foothill communities of Auburn, 

Cool, and Placerville, as well as the area around Sloughouse in southeastern 

Sacramento County. While not urban in nature, these communities are closely linked to 

downtown Sacramento by employment, housing, and travel patterns. In addition, the 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-4 

eastern subregion is impacted by pollutants and emissions from both the western and 

central subregions. As a result, sites in this area generally have more severe ozone 

problems. 

Historical Perspective

Ozone concentrations in the Sacramento Metro Area have posed a persistent problem 

over the years. However, evaluating historical progress is difficult, because long-term 

monitoring data are not available for several high sites. While long-term data for the 

high sites are not available, there are long-term data available for other sites 

representing the different subregions of the Sacramento Metro Area. Figures 2 and 3 

show exceedance days and design values for four sites with long-term data: 

Sacramento-Del Paso Manor, Sacramento-T Street, and Folsom in Sacramento County, 

as well as Placerville in El Dorado County. The T Street site is located in downtown 

Sacramento, while the other three sites are located east of downtown (in the central and 

eastern subregions) where higher ozone concentrations typically occur. 

The graphs in Figures 2 and 3 show three-year averages, because the annual values 

are quite variable, making it difficult to determine the general overall trends. Like many 

other areas of the State, the number of exceedance days at sites in the Sacramento 

Metro Area has decreased more rapidly than the design value. Overall, since the early 

1990s, the number of exceedance days decreased about 60 percent at Del Paso 

Manor, 35 percent at Folsom, and 30 percent at Placerville (since 1994). The decrease 

at T Street, a site that meets the federal 8-hour standard, was much smaller (about 

10 percent). In contrast, the decreases in design value have been more modest, 

between about 2 and 12 percent at all four sites. It is important to note that sites in the 

western subregion of the Sacramento Metro Area now meet the federal 8-hour 

standard, while sites in the central and eastern subregions still pose air quality 

challenges. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-5 

Figure 2: Federal 8-Hour Ozone Exceedance Days for Selected Long-Term 

 Sacramento Metro Area Sites 1990 to 2006 

Federal 8-Hour Ozone Exceedance Days

3-Year Averages -- 1990 to 2006

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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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Number of Days

Folsom-3yr Avg Placerville-3yr Avg Del Paso Manor-3yr Avg T Street-3yr Avg

 

Figure 3: Federal 8-Hour Ozone Design Values for Selected Long-Term 

 Sacramento Metro Area Sites 1990 to 2006 

Federal 8-Hour Ozone Design Values

3-Year Averages -- 1990 to 2006

0.06

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1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

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Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-6 

Assessment of Recent Air Quality Trends

General Areawide Perspective 

Although a number of sites in the Sacramento Metro Area show long-term progress, 

many sites show progress over the more recent years, as well. When assessing air 

quality trends, it is important to include data for the high sites in an area. Until recently 

(2005 through 2007), the Cool site in El Dorado County had the highest design value in 

the Sacramento Metro Area. Therefore, it is important to include this site in any trends 

evaluation. Ozone monitoring began at Cool in 1996, and the site had its first valid 

design value in 1998, after three years of operation. Given this, as well as 

consideration of the completeness of data records for other sites in the Sacramento 

Metro Area, ARB staff selected 1999 as the start year for the evaluation of recent air 

quality trends. 

Figure 4 shows ozone trends for the Sacramento Metro Area for 1999 through 2006. 

The graph includes four air quality indicators: maximum 8-hour concentration, federal 

8-hour design value, mean of the Top 30 concentrations each year, and number of 

federal 8-hour exceedance days. Over the last eight years, the decrease in the number 

of exceedance days has been similar to the decrease in the maximum concentration (a 

little more than 10 percent reduction in each). Because these two statistics reflect 

values for individual years, the trend lines are variable, reflecting year-to-year changes 

in meteorology. In contrast, the other two indicators, the mean of the Top 30 and the 

design value, are less variable because they are more robust. These more stable 

indicators show less change over the eight-year period, although they reflect modest 

reductions of about 3 to 6 percent from 1999 to 2006. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-7 

Figure 4: Sacramento Metro Area Ozone Indicators 1999 to 2006 

 

Sacramento Metro Area Ozone Indicators 

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Maximum Concentration Design Value Mean Top 30 Concentrations Exceedance Days

The trend lines in Figure 4 all show some improvement. Another measure of 

improvement is that although a number of sites still exceed the standard in the central 

and eastern areas, more than 50 percent of the region’s population lives in areas that 

have design values meeting the standard. This compares favorably to 1990, when only 

35 percent of the people lived in clean areas. However, despite this progress in 

reducing population exposure, the overall rate of progress in reducing the design value 

has been modest. The current (2007) design value of 0.098 ppm is still about 

15 percent above the level of the federal standard. 

Ozone air quality during 2007 showed some improvement over 2006. Although the 

maximum concentration was slightly higher (0.122 ppm in 2007 compared with 

0.115 ppm in 2006), the design value is comparable during both years (0.098 ppm in 

2007 compared with 0.097 ppm in 2006). The largest change was in the number of 

exceedance days. During 2006, there were 42 areawide exceedance days, but only 

16 during 2007. Despite the small increase in maximum concentration and design 

value, ozone indicator values for 2007 were still lower than during the early 2000s. 

While some portions of the Sacramento Metro Area already attain the standard, 

additional emissions reductions will be needed to attain the federal 8-hour ozone 

standard throughout the area. 

Spatial Ozone Trends 

The trends described above represent an areawide perspective, and they generally 

reflect the worst sites in the Sacramento Metro Area. As a result, they do not show how 

air quality varies throughout the region. One way to assess the spatial change in ozone 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-8 

air quality is to look at the change in the spatial extent of the ozone problem. The maps 

in Figure 5 provide an estimate of the number of exceedance days, based on available 

monitoring data. They show contour maps of federal 8-hour exceedance days in the 

Sacramento Metro Area during two different years -- 1999 and 2005. During this time 

period, the spatial extent of the “clean” areas increased substantially, while the size of 

the areas with the worst air quality decreased. 

 

During 1999, about a third of the Sacramento Metro Area had five or fewer federal 

8-hour exceedance days. These relatively clean areas were generally restricted to the 

northern portion of the western subregion (Yolo and southern Sutter counties and the 

central Sacramento downtown area), along with the mountainous portion of the eastern 

subregion that extends to the Lake Tahoe Air Basin. About half of the Sacramento 

Metro Area had at least 11 exceedance days. Finally, less than a fourth of the area had 

more than 21 exceedance days, with 35 days at Cool, the worst site in the region. The 

areas with the highest counts were located in the eastern subregion of the 

Sacramento Metro Area. 

In contrast to the 1999 map, the 2005 map shows a fair amount of improvement. While 

most areas show improvement, the rate of improvement differs. The clean areas (those 

with five or fewer days) now cover a much larger extent. Although the clean area in the 

far eastern portion of the region is not much different in size, the clean area to the west 

now covers all of the western subregion, including Solano County. The maps show that 

the number of exceedance days in the central and eastern subregions also decreased, 

and the areas with the highest number of exceedance days now fall in the range of 

11 to 20 days per year, compared with 21 to 50 days in 1999. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-9 

Figure 5: Sacramento Metro Area Change in Federal Exceedance Days 1999 to 2005 

 

Regional Analysis 

As described previously, the Sacramento Metro Area can be divided into three 

subregions: the western subegion, the central subregion, and the eastern subregion 

(refer to Figure 1). The western subregion includes sites in Vacaville, Davis, Woodland, 

Elk Grove, and downtown Sacramento. Ozone air quality at all of these sites is 

relatively clean, and 2006 design values are below the federal standard. A diurnal plot 

of hourly ozone concentrations at the Sacramento-T Street site shows a typical 

bell-shaped pattern, with concentrations peaking in the early afternoon (refer to 

Figure 6). This type of pattern is typical of sites in urban areas that are located close 

to emissions sources. 

The central subregion lies to the east of downtown Sacramento and generally includes 

the suburban portions of Sacramento County and the urbanized portions of 

Placer County. Sites in this area include Del Paso Manor, North Highlands, Roseville, 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-10 

and Folsom. 2006 design values for sites in this area were generally above the federal 

8-hour standard, and the number of exceedance days ranged from 9 to 25, with an 

average of 14 days. Much of this subregion has seen substantial growth over the last 

decade, especially the Roseville/Rocklin and Folsom areas. Similar to the western 

subregion, hourly ozone concentrations for the central subregion show a bell-shaped 

diurnal pattern, but with a slightly longer duration of the peaks (refer to Figure 6). 

Figure 6: Diurnal Plot of Hourly Ozone Concentrations 

The eastern subregion of the Sacramento Metro Area includes sites in the foothill 

communities of Auburn, Colfax, Cool, Placerville, and Sloughouse, along with the 

Echo Summit site, which is located on the crest of the mountains separating the 

Sacramento Metro Area and the Lake Tahoe Air Basin. Ozone design values at all sites 

in the eastern subregion except Echo Summit are above the federal 8-hour standard. 

As shown in Figure 6, the hourly ozone concentrations in this subregion have a diurnal 

pattern that is characteristic of transport-impacted sites. Compared with the other two 

subregions, the 24-hour profile for the eastern subregion site (Placerville) shows a 

longer duration of high concentrations with the peak occurring later in the day. In 

addition, the overnight ozone concentrations remain elevated. 

Figure 7 shows the number of federal 8-hour ozone exceedance days for each of the 

three subregions in the Sacramento Metro Area during 1999 and 2006. The graph is 

based on exceedance days during the May through October ozone season and uses 

three-year averages to help even out some of the year-to-year variation caused by 

meteorology. The high sites of Folsom and Cool are plotted separately, and values for 

these sites are not included in the subregional totals, which represent a composite of all 

Diurnal Plot of Hourly Ozone Concentrations

Averaged Over Top 30 Days During 2003 to 2005

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Hour

Ozone Concentration (ppm)

Placerville (Eastern) Sacramento- Del Paso (Central) Sacramento-T St (Western)
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-11 

other sites in the respective areas. Although ozone data for the Sacramento Metro Area 

generally show considerable year-to-year variability, the area has made progress in 

reducing the number of exceedance days. 

The greatest amount of progress occurred in the western subregion, where the number 

of exceedance days decreased 25 percent between 1999 and 2006. Sites in this 

subregion were relatively clean during 1999 and are even cleaner now. During 2006 

and 2007, all sites in the western subregion had design values that met the standard. 

Figure 7: Sacramento Metro Area Change in Number of Federal 8-Hour 

 Exceedance Days by Subregion 1999 to 2006 

There was also moderate improvement in the central region, with sites other than 

Folsom showing an overall decrease of 10 percent. In contrast, sites other than Cool in 

the eastern subregion showed little change, with about 30 exceedances during both 

years. Looking at the two high sites in the central and eastern subregions shows some 

difference between values for 1999 and 2006. Folsom, located at the eastern edge of 

the central subregion, continues to be the high site in that subregion and shows only a 

slight improvement when comparing 1999 and 2006. Given its location and growth 

rates in the central subregion over the last decade, the Folsom site is likely the most 

impacted by emissions within the central subregion, as well as by emissions and 

pollutants transported from the western subregion. The improvement at Cool was more 

substantial, with a 15 percent decrease in exceedance days from 1999 to 2006. 

Like exceedance days, other ozone air quality indicators such as the mean of the 

Top 30, the 4th high concentration, and the design value show generally similar trends. 

Sacramento Metro Area Change in Federal 8-Hour Ozone Exceedance Days 

by Subregion (May-October)

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Western Region Central Region Eastern Region Folsom Cool

Number of Days

1997-1999 2004-2006
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-12 

Between 1999 and 2006, ozone air quality improved in the western subregion, although 

there is some year-to-year variability in the indicator values. As mentioned previously, 

design values for sites in this subregion continue to be lower than the federal standard. 

In contrast, ozone indicators for the central subregion, including Folsom, have been 

relatively flat or show a slight increase since 1999. The eastern subregion, including 

Cool, still presents a substantial challenge, despite some improvement since 1999. At 

almost all sites in the Sacramento Metro Area, ozone indicators increased in 2005, 

following unusually low values in 2004. Many showed additional increases in 2006 and 

2007. However, values for the last two years are still below levels during the early 

2000s. Without additional analyses related to the amounts, as well as the spatial and 

temporal patterns of emissions, the mix of available precursor emissions, and 

meteorological conditions, it is difficult to evaluate the direction of the overall trend 

during the last several years. However, on a regional level, there has been progress. 

In general, the modest improvement in ozone air quality in the Sacramento Metro Area 

since 1999 is accompanied by large year-to-year variations which reflect fluctuations in 

meteorological conditions. Most of the improvement in the ozone indicators has 

occurred since 2002. The areawide trend lines would appear to suggest that ozone has 

gotten worse over the last couple of years, but it is important to recognize that 

concentrations were uncharacteristically low during 2004. Although values for some 

indicators for 2005, 2006, and 2007 are higher when compared with the 2004 values, 

they are still generally lower than values for 2002 and 2003. Because ozone 

concentrations in the Sacramento Metro Area are much closer to the level of the federal 

standard than in other areas of the State such as the South Coast or San Joaquin 

Valley air basins, small changes in meteorology can result in substantial year-to-year 

changes in the air quality indicators. The next section examines trends after accounting 

for meteorological variability. 

Meteorology and Air Quality Trends

Ozone in the ambient air is the result of several factors, two of the most important being 

pollutant emissions and meteorology. The meteorological and photochemical 

processes leading to ozone formation are complex, involving interactions both at the 

surface and in the upper air. However, they can be characterized in very general terms. 

In general, strong sunlight and weak dispersion generate relatively high ozone levels, 

while weak sunlight and strong dispersion generate relatively low ozone levels. 

Meteorology, or weather conditions, can vary widely, and these day-to-day conditions 

strongly influence ambient ozone concentrations. 

The previous trends discussion looked at air quality as measured at ambient monitoring 

sites, without any consideration of or adjustment for meteorological variability. The 

following discussions consider trends that account in varying degrees for the 

meteorological conditions affecting ozone concentrations. These analyses advance our 

understanding of the impact of meteorology on ozone air quality and our ability to track 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-13 

ozone improvements attributable to emissions reductions. Another goal of these 

analyses is to determine the role meteorology has played in the Sacramento Metro 

Area, where ozone improvement has been more modest than in other areas of the 

State. The following analyses show that after accounting for meteorological variability, 

real progress has occurred. 

 

The analyses described below are based on air quality and meteorological data for 

1996 through 2005. The meteorological data were drawn from the same statewide 

dataset used in the WOE analyses for the South Coast and San Joaquin Valley air 

basins. Although it would have been desirable to include data for 2006 and 2007, these 

data are still preliminary, and therefore not available for the analysis. 

High Ozone Forming Potential 

As one approach to help understand the types of meteorological conditions leading to 

high ozone concentrations, ARB staff completed an analysis of ozone and meteorology 

using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) techniques. The CART analysis 

determined rules that separated days into 14 groups with varying degrees of ozone 

forming potential (OFP), or the degree to which weather conditions favor ozone 

formation in the Sacramento Metro Area. The CART rules used daily data for surface 

air temperature, air temperature at 1500 meters25, the speed and direction of surface 

winds, and other factors related to daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations. Three 

years, 2000 through 2002, were used to prepare the classification rules and determine 

the rate (percent) of exceedance days within each of the 14 groups. For the group with 

the lowest ozone forming potential (OFP), the rate of exceedance days was 0 percent. 

For the group with the highest OFP, the rate was 100 percent. On that basis, ARB staff 

calculated the expected number of days exceeding the federal 8-hour ozone standard 

for each year from 1996 through 2005. While this method is somewhat different from 

that used in the WOE analyses for the South Coast and San Joaquin Valley air basins, 

ARB staff believes it improves on the previous method. 

The Sacramento Metro Area analysis, presented in Figure 8, shows the expected 

number and the observed number of days exceeding the federal 8-hour ozone standard 

each year (three-year moving averages). The changes in exceedance days relative to 

changes in high OFP days helps distinguish the changes due to meteorology from 

changes due to other factors, such as emissions reductions. Progress is shown when 

the number of exceedance days decreases in relation to the number of high OFP days. 

 

25 Above sea level 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-14 

Figure 8: Sacramento Metro Area Analysis of Observed and Expected* 

Exceedance Days (moving three-year means) 

Sacramento Metro Area Ozone Trends

(Federal 8-Hour Exceedance Days and "High OPF" Days)*

0

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1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Number of Days (3-year moving averages)

Expected Observed

* "Expected" counts based on meteorology for the year and emissions at 2000-2002 levels

The two lines in Figure 8 generally track each other, indicating that year-to-year 

changes in exceedance days have been largely attributable to year-to-year changes in 

weather, rather than changes in emissions. The observed mean for 1996 to 1998 

includes an extremely low value for 1997, especially with respect to the expected value 

-- 19 observed compared with 34 expected (refer to the annual values plotted in 

Figure 9). As a result, the beginning point on Figure 8 is questionable. It is important to 

note that Sloughouse, one of the high exceedance day sites in the Sacramento Metro 

Area, operated only during a portion of 1997, and this may explain, in part, the low 1997 

value. Another possible reason for the low 1997 value is that it was an El Niño year, 

with likely greater than normal cloud cover and thus less solar radiation and solar 

heating, resulting in lower ozone concentrations. Regardless of the reason, because 

the 1997 observed value is questionable, we will focus our evaluation of trends on the 

1998 through 2004 timeframe. 

Although the subsequent changes (from 1998 through 2004) are not large, two patterns 

shown in Figure 8 are worth noting. From 1998 through 2002, observed exceedances 

increased by 10 (from 33 to 43), while expected exceedances increased by 8 (from 32 

to 40). During these years, the observed increase generally coincides with the 

expected increase. However, from 2002 to 2004, observed exceedances decreased by 

9 (from 43 to 34), while expected exceedances decreased by only 3 (from 40 to 37). 

During these years, the decrease in the observed exceedances is greater than the 

improved meteorology would lead one to expect, suggesting the improvement in ozone 

is attributable to emissions reductions. However, the difference is modest (only 6 days, 

9 expected days versus 3 observed days). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-15 

Figure 9 shows the same trends as Figure 8, graphed as annual values, rather than 

three-year moving averages. It is interesting to note that the observed exceedances 

average 1.7 days more than expected from 1996 to 2003, but average 10.1 days less 

than expected for 2004 and 2005. Although ARB staff has not yet formally integrated 

2006 and 2007 ozone and meteorological data, preliminary results indicate that the 

observed exceedances increased to 42 in 2006 before dropping to a new low of 16 in 

2007. If these two years continue the recent trend of observed exceedances being 

lower than expected exceedances, it would more firmly establish a pattern of progress 

in the Sacramento Metro Area. 

 

Figure 9: Sacramento Metro Area Analysis of Observed and Expected* 

 Exceedance Days (annual values) 

Sacramento Metro Area Ozone Trends

(Federal 8-Hour Exceedance Days and "High OPF" Days)*

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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Expected Observed

* "Expected" counts based on meteorology for the year and emissions at 2000-2002 levels

Meteorologically Adjusted Trends 

As discussed above, meteorological parameters such as temperature and wind speed 

are correlated with sunlight and dispersion, which play a large role in determining daily 

ozone levels. As a second method to address the effects of meteorology on ozone, a 

statistical model that predicts daily maximum ozone on the basis of daily meteorological 

data was used to adjust daily ozone observations. Specifically, the model was used to 

predict daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations and then adjust the observed 

ozone concentrations to compensate for differences between the predicted values and 

a standard baseline for expected ozone levels throughout the ozone season. 

First, a clustering procedure was used to assign days from the May through October 

ozone season for the years 1996 to 2005 to separate groups based on the daily speed 

and direction of surface winds at 14 stations in and around the Sacramento Metro Area. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-16 

Three groups of days were created. These three groups accounted for all but two of the 

1840 days in the trend period. Figure 10 shows that the first group of days (Cluster #1) 

was weighted toward the months of September and October. The second group 

(Cluster #2) was weighted towards May and June. The third group (Cluster #4) was the 

most common throughout the ozone season, but was most prevalent for July and 

August (note that Cluster #3, which is not shown in Figure 10, accounted only 2 of the 

1840 days, and therefore, was not significant to the analysis). Each of the clusters 

shown in Figure 10 represents different general source-receptor scenarios, based on 

wind summaries.26 

Figure 10: Sacramento Metro Area Analysis of Clusters by Month (1996 to 2005) 

 

Analysis of Clusters by Month

(Clusters based on surface wind patterns for May-Oct 1996 to 2005)

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For each of the three clusters, ARB staff used data from 2000 through 2002 to calibrate 

a within-group model to predict daily maximum 8-hour ozone from daily weather data. A 

limited span of years was used for calibration so that when the model was applied to the 

meteorological data for all days from 1996 through 2005, it would provide a level playing 

field for meteorological effects, apart from the influence of changes in emissions. 

Figure 11 shows observed and met-adjusted trends for the annual mean of the 

30 highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone values (Top30; the top 16 percent).27 

Figure 12 shows the same trends as Figure 11, smoothed using a three-year moving 

average because the process of met-adjustment does not remove all meteorological 

effects perfectly, and other factors may affect the year-to-year changes. Similar to the 

 

26 North and east components of daily surface winds were averaged by subregion in and around the 

Sacramento Metro Area. The wind summaries show that the three different clusters shown in Figure 10 

represent differences in generalized source-receptor scenarios. 

27 The May – October ozone season has 184 days, of which 30 is 16%. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-17 

air quality trends discussed previously, the met-adjusted trend is downward since 2002. 

Although maximum concentrations and design values generally increased in 2007, 

compared with 2006, the mean of the Top 30, as well as the number of exceedance 

days, decreased. With respect to the met-adjusted analysis, which is based on the 

mean of the Top 30 ozone concentrations, the combined response for 2006 and 2007 

would seem to be a net downturn in ozone concentrations. Therefore, results of these 

analyses suggest that the Sacramento Metro Area has made a moderate amount of 

progress over the last several years, and this progress should continue, given continued 

emissions reductions. 

Figure 11: Sacramento Metro Area Analysis of Observed and Met-Adjusted Trends 

for the Mean of the Top 30 Concentrations (annual values)* 

Sacramento Metro Area

Trends for Top 30 Areawide Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone

With and Without Adjustment for Meteorological Conditions

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Mean Ozone (ppm) Annual Values

Observed Top30 Adjusted Top30

Calibration years = 2000 - 2002

First principles modeling

 * see footnote under Figure 12. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-18 

Figure 12: Sacramento Metro Area Analysis of Observed and Met-Adjusted Trends 

for the Mean of the Top 30 Concentrations (3-year moving averages)* 

 

Sacramento Metro Area

Trends for Top 30 Areawide Daily Maximum 8-Hour Ozone

With and Without Adjustment for Meteorological Conditions

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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Mean Ozone (ppm) 3-Year Moving Average

Observed Top30 Adjusted Top30

Calibration years = 2000 - 2002

First principles modeling

*As indicated on the graphs, Figures 11 and 12 are based on “first principles modeling” of the relationship 

between ozone and meteorology. A common alternative is to use stepwise model building methods in which 

the data during the calibration period determine which parameters are included and which are excluded. 

The ARB staff chose to work with 18 models, one for each combination of cluster and month (May-Oct). 

Each model was based on scientific first principles to determine its content. Therefore, temperatures at the 

surface and aloft were represented by linear and quadratic terms, with the inverse of the wind speed 

included as a linear term. When a cluster-month combination lacked sufficient data to fit a model reliably, a 

generic model for the ozone season was applied. In addition, additive offsets for Saturday and Sunday were 

included to account for potential “ozone weekend effects.” The overall performance of this approach 

achieved an R2

 value greater than 80 percent. 

Emissions and Precursor Trends

Reactive organic gases (ROG) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are precursors to ozone. 

Emissions controls have substantially reduced the amounts of these precursors in the 

ambient air, despite increases in population and the number of vehicle miles traveled 

each year. These reductions have resulted in improved ozone air quality. The following 

sections describe the ROG and NOx emissions trends in the Sacramento Metro Area 

since 1994, as well as the amounts of these precursors measured in the ambient air. 

Emissions Trends 

Population numbers have been increasing steadily in every county of the Sacramento 

Metro Area. With the exception of Placer County, the percent growth in each individual 

county ranges from 20 to 30 percent between 1994 and 2006. For example, the total 

population in Sacramento County increased from about 1.1 million in 1994 to about 

1.4 million in 2006 (a 25 percent increase over the 13 years). The growth rate in Placer 

County was about twice the general rate – a 60 percent increase between 1994 and 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

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Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-19 

2006. Furthermore, close to 95 percent of that growth occurred in the western portion 

of Placer County (in the central subregion), which is east of the Sacramento urban area. 

Despite the rapid growth in population, ozone precursor emissions in the Sacramento 

Metro Area decreased from 1994 to 2006. Figure 13 shows the estimated areawide 

precursor emissions for an average summer day from 1994 to 2006. It is important to 

note that the ROG estimates include both anthropogenic (man-made) and biogenic 

emissions. While the anthropogenic portion changes from year-to-year, the biogenic 

portion is constant over the entire time period (194 tons/day during each year). On a 

percentage basis, biogenic emissions account for about 45 percent of the ROG 

emissions during 1994, increasing to about 60 percent in 2006. Based on the estimates 

in Figure 13, ROG emissions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources decreased 

20 percent between 1994 and 2006 (for comparison, the reduction in only the 

anthropogenic portion of the ROG emissions was 40 percent). During the same time 

period, NOx emissions decreased about 25 percent. These ROG and NOx reductions 

occurred in all counties of the Sacramento Metro Area except Placer County, where 

ROG decreased over the time period, but there was little change in NOx. The ratio of 

total ROG to NOx is relatively constant over the entire time period, varying between 1.8 

and 1.9. While ROG and NOx reductions are generally distributed throughout the 

Sacramento Metro Area, the anthropogenic emissions are dominated by sources in 

Sacramento County. 

Figure 13: Sacramento Metro Area ROG and NOx Emissions Estimates 1994 to 2006 

 

Sacramento Metro Area ROG and NOx Emissions 1994 to 2006

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Emissions (Tons/Day)

ROG NOx
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-20 

Precursor Trends 

The decreases seen in the estimated emissions trends are supported by the ambient 

trends, as well. Figure 14 shows average levels of ROG and NOx measured in the 

ambient air at Sacramento-Del Paso Manor and Folsom-Natoma Street, two sites with 

relatively complete long-term measurement records for both precursors. The data 

plotted were collected from the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations or 

PAMS sites, and they reflect measurements collected from 5 a.m. to 8 a.m. during July 

and August. The trend lines for both sites show overall reductions of about 40 percent, 

consistent with the decrease in estimated anthropogenic ROG emissions. Although not 

plotted, ROG reactivity also dropped over the time period, with a 50 percent decrease at 

each site. Ambient NOx at Folsom-Natoma Street also decreased 50 percent. In 

contrast, ambient NOx concentrations at Sacramento-Del Paso Manor show little 

change. Because the spatial and temporal scales of the trends are very dissimilar, it is 

difficult to resolve the differences between the emissions estimates and the ambient 

PAMS measurements. The important point is that the emissions trends and the 

ambient trends generally indicate that ROG and NOx precursors have decreased over 

time, and these decreases have resulted in improved ozone air quality. 

Figure 14: Summer Morning Average ROG and NOx Measurements from 

Sacramento Metro Area PAMS Network Stations 

 

 

July-August Average Ambient PAMS ROG and NOx at 

Sacramento Metro Area PAMS Stations (5-8am)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

ppbC or ppbN

Folsom-ROG Sacramento-ROG Folsom-NOx Sacramento-NOx

Modeling Results

The ozone modeling domain for the Sacramento Metro Area is the same as that used 

for the San Joaquin Valley and is based on the domain defined for the year 2000 

Central California Ozone Study or CCOS. This domain includes not only the Central 

Valley, but the San Francisco Bay area, as well. It comprises a grid measuring 185 by 

185 cells, with a horizontal resolution of four kilometers. The required meteorological 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-21 

fields were generated using the MM5 prognostic meteorological model, and the required 

emissions inventories were developed by ARB staff. The ozone air quality modeling 

utilized the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) air quality model, 

with initial and boundary conditions based on estimates of clean-air concentrations. 

To support modeling for the Sacramento Metro Area and the San Joaquin Valley, ARB 

staff completed ozone modeling for two episode periods: one during July 1999 and the 

other during July/August 2000. During these episodes, 8-hour ozone concentrations 

exceeding the federal standard occurred throughout the region. Analysis of the model 

outputs included the estimation of 1-hour and 8-hour ozone concentrations for each 

ozone monitoring site within the domain, as well as statistical measures comparing

observed and simulated ozone concentrations. These analyses were used to evaluate 

model performance by subregion within the domain. 

As required by U.S. EPA guidance, a relative reduction factor (RRF) approach was 

used in projecting future year design values. The RRF reflects the ratio between the 

future year model prediction (in this case the end of 2018) and the reference year model 

prediction (in this case 2002). A reference year design value is then multiplied by the 

RRF to project a future year design value. 

Results of the modeling analyses indicate that NOx reductions will be more effective 

than ROG reductions in reducing ozone concentrations in the Sacramento Metro Area. 

Because the magnitude of the ozone problem varies throughout the Sacramento Metro 

Area, the amounts of emissions reductions needed to reach attainment also vary. 

Overall, the attainment strategy relies on a 10 percent or more reduction in NOx that will 

bring the worst-case site, Cool, down to a level of less than 0.085 ppm at the end of 

2018. Modeling results show Folsom, which had the highest design value in 2007, at a 

level of less than 0.083 ppm at the end of 2018, with the same level of control. 

Summary

As allowed by U.S. EPA guidance, this weight of evidence (WOE) package comprises a 

set of complementary analyses that supplement the SIP-required modeling, thereby 

providing additional support for the attainment demonstration. Currently, the 

Sacramento Metro Area is classified as a Serious ozone nonattainment area with an 

attainment date of June 15, 2013. Photochemical modeling results indicate that 

reducing NOx emissions will be the most effective strategy for bringing the Sacramento 

Metro Area into attainment. These reductions will not be in place by the 2013 deadline. 

However, they should be implemented by 2018. Therefore, districts in the Sacramento 

Metro Area have approved reclassification, and ARB has requested that U.S. EPA 

reclassify the Sacramento Metro Area as Severe-15, with a required attainment date of 

June 15, 2019. 

The ARB staff’s modeling results indicate that NOx emissions reductions will be critical 

for bringing sites in the Sacramento Metro Area into attainment. Given the timeframe 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-22 

over which these reductions are expected to occur, the Sacramento Metro Area should 

be attainment by June 15, 2019, with a 10 percent or more reduction in NOx emissions. 

Based on modeling, as well as supporting analyses included in this WOE evaluation, 

attainment by 2019 is anticipated because of the following factors: 

 Since 1999, the number of areawide exceedance days decreased a 

little more than 10 percent. The maximum concentration and design 

value show more modest reductions, with decreases of about 10 and 

5 percent, respectively, from 1999 to 2006. Because these are 

areawide numbers, they reflect the “worst case” sites. Although 2007 

data show a slightly higher maximum concentration and a design 

value comparable with 2006, they show the number of areawide 

exceedance days at an all-time low of 16 days for the entire year. 

 While the amount of progress varies on a subregional basis, there 

has been a substantial reduction in the number of exceedance days 

in the western subregion. Since 1999, exceedance days decreased 

25 percent, and all sites in this subregion now attain the federal 

8-hour ozone standard. 

 Between 1999 and 2006, the central subregion shows a 10 percent 

decrease in the three-year average of exceedance days at all sites 

but Folsom, which shows only a slight reduction in days. Although 

progress at Folsom appears to have slowed over the last several 

years, the central subregion has demonstrated long-term progress. 

Sites with long-term data, including Folsom, show a 35 to 50 percent 

decrease in exceedance days since 1990, based on three-year 

averages. The decrease in design values has been more modest, 

averaging about 5 percent since 1990. 

 Although sites in the eastern subregion still have some of the highest 

ozone concentrations, the three-year average of exceedance days at 

Cool, the worst site in this area, decreased about 15 percent between 

1999 and 2006. Other sites in the subregion showed little change in 

the average number of exceedance days between 1999 and 2006. 

 During the late-1990s, the ozone problem was more widespread 

throughout the Sacramento Metro Area. Since then, all areas have 

improved, although at differing rates. All of the western subregion 

and the easternmost portion of the eastern region now meet the 

federal standard. The ozone problem is now confined to the central 

subregion and the more urbanized portions of the eastern subregion. 

However, even at the worst sites in these subregions (Cool and 

Folsom), 60 to 65 percent of the days during the 2006 ozone season 

were below the more stringent State 8-hour ozone standard. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix E: Weight-of-Evidence Analyses 

Page E-23 

 Ozone indicator values for many sites in the Sacramento Metro Area 

were higher for 2005, 2006, and 2007 than for 2004. However, the 

2004 values were uncharacteristically low. When compared with 

values for 2002 and 2003, the values for 2005 through 2007 are 

generally lower, indicating progress. The Sacramento Metro Area is 

much closer to attainment than other areas of the State, such as the 

South Coast and San Joaquin Valley air basins. Because the 

Sacramento Metro Area values are closer to the standard, small 

variations in meteorology can result in relatively large year-to-year 

changes in the trends. These variations can make it difficult to 

interpret the trends. However, in the Sacramento Metro Area, it 

appears there has been overall improvement, despite this variability. 

 Analyses suggest that recent ozone improvements are linked to 

emissions reductions. The decline in the number of exceedance 

days relative to the number of days with a high potential for ozone 

formation indicates that the modest improvements in ozone over the 

last few years were related to emissions reductions rather than 

favorable meteorological conditions. A more detailed adjustment of 

ozone trends for the annual mean of the Top 30 produced similar 

results. Results of these analyses also indicate that increasingly 

adverse meteorological conditions are now needed to create ozone 

levels exceeding the federal 8-hour standard. 

• Estimated ROG and NOx emissions trends, as well as ambient 

measurements, indicate reductions in both precursors since the 

mid-1990s. These reductions have resulted in modest ozone 

improvements. Emissions estimates indicate a continuing decline in 

ROG and NOx emissions. However, photochemical modeling results 

show that NOx reductions will be critical to attainment. As a result, a 

control strategy relying on a 10 percent or more reduction in NOx 

emissions is proposed as the most efficient path to attainment by 

June 15, 2019. 

 Photochemical modeling results show a design value of less than 

0.085 ppm with proposed new controls for the Sacramento Metro 

Area by the end of 2018. Many sites will reach attainment before this 

date. Coupled with the analyses completed for the WOE, it is 

reasonable to conclude that the entire Sacramento Metro Area will 

reach attainment within this timeframe, consistent with the 

June 15, 2019, attainment deadline. 

Taken together, all of these factors indicate that the Sacramento Metro Area can expect 

to attain the federal 8-hour ozone standard by June 15, 2019, the required attainment 

date for a Severe-15 ozone nonattainment area. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix F: Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

Page F-1 

Appendix F: Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

The motor vehicle emissions budgets (MVEB) for VOC and NOx were calculated for 

reasonable further progress (RFP) milestone years (2011, 2014, and 2017) and the 

2018 attainment demonstration year. The MVEB were estimated by first applying 

SACOG VMT (MTP2035) to the CEFS v1.06 on-road motor vehicle emission forecasts 

to derive EMFAC2007 adjusted baseline forecasts. Then, the latest adjustments for 

recent ARB baseline controls were subtracted from the EMFAC2007 emissions. Finally, 

reductions from proposed new regional incentive measures (for all years) and state SIP 

control measures (for only 2018) affecting on-road motor vehicle emissions were 

subtracted. The resulting SIP control forecasted motor vehicle emissions were rounded 

up to whole numbers to get the MVEB. 

Tables F-1, F-2, F-3, and F-4 document the MVEB calculations for 2011, 2014, 2017, 

and 2018, respectively. Table F-5 contains the SACOG and Bay Area’s Association of 

Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) 

planning assumptions for human population forecasts and vehicle miles traveled by 

county areas that were used to derive motor vehicle emissions. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix F: Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

Page F-2 

Table F-1

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area

Transportation Conformity Budgets for 8-hour Ozone 

Summer Planning Emissions in Tons per Day 

 

 2011 

ROG NOx 

 

On-Road Emissions from EMFAC2007 37.9 82.1

 

Adjustments to Baseline* -0.1 -4.1

Regional Strategy Reductions -0.1 -0.7

 

Net Inventory 37.7 77.3

Conformity Budget** 38 78

* Reductions from adopted rules not reflected in EMFAC. 

** Budget is obtained by rounding up to the nearest ton. 

Table F-2 

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area

Transportation Conformity Budgets for 8-hour Ozone 

Summer Planning Emissions in Tons per Day 

 

 2014 

ROG NOx 

 

On-Road Emissions from EMFAC2007 32.1 64.9

 

Adjustments to Baseline* -0.2 -3.7

Regional Strategy Reductions -0.1 -0.8

 

Net Inventory 31.8 60.4

Conformity Budget** 32 61

* Reductions from adopted rules not reflected in EMFAC. 

** Budget is obtained by rounding up to the nearest ton. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix F: Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

Page F-3 

Table F-3 

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area

Transportation Conformity Budgets for 8-hour Ozone 

Summer Planning Emissions in Tons per Day 

 

 2017 

ROG NOx 

 

On-Road Emissions from EMFAC2007 28.3 51.9

 

Adjustments to Baseline* -0.2 -3.3

Regional Strategy Reductions -<0.1 -0.9

 

Net Inventory 28.1 47.7

Conformity Budget** 29 48

* Reductions from adopted rules not reflected in EMFAC. 

** Budget is obtained by rounding up to the nearest ton. 

Table F-4 

Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area

Transportation Conformity Budgets for 8-hour Ozone 

Summer Planning Emissions in Tons per Day 

 

 2018 

ROG NOx 

 

On-Road Emissions from EMFAC2007 27.3 48.4

 

Adjustments to Baseline* -0.2 -3.2

Regional Strategy Reductions -<0.1 -0.9

State Strategy Reductions -3.4 -11.2

 

Net Inventory 23.7 33.1

Conformity Budget** 24 34

* Reductions from adopted rules not reflected in EMFAC. 

** Budget is obtained by rounding up to the nearest ton. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix F: Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 

Page F-4 

Table F-5 

Population and Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Forecasts 

Sacramento Region 

Population (Household only) 2005 2013 2018 2035 

 

El Dorado County (MC) 154,428 182,087 194,832 225,032

Placer County (SV and MC) 298,147 393,043 424,439 570,599

Sacramento County 1,283,402 1,481,163 1,589,285 1,983,967

South Sutter 4,341 5,560 9,484 15,530

Yolo County 172,900 204,132 220,070 279,172

Solano (SV) 119,659 135,993 145,036 175,778

Regional Total 2,032,877 2,401,978 2,583,146 3,250,078

Sutter County 81,223 100,837 110,136 135,562

Solano County 389,896 443,122 472,584 572,754

Notes: 

1. SACOG household population forecasts are from SACOG's Tina Glover 7-3-08 email. Data are 

derived from the December 2007 SACSIM travel model. 

2. The population, dwelling unit and employment forecasts used in SACSIM travel model are 

based on SACOG's September 13, 2007 Board Action which adopted DOF July 2007 population 

projections for MTP interim-year projections (2013 and 2018). Note: SACOG's population is 

about 5% lower than DOF for 2005 and 3% higher than DOF for 2035. 

3. El Dorado County and Placer County population data exclude the Tahoe Basin. 

4. Solano County population is determined from ABAG Projection 2005 forecast series (email 

from MTC's Harold Brazil 8-21-07) using EXCEL Forecast function and assuming 92% is 

household population. (MTC's Solano population forecast: 2000 = 394542, 2005 = 423800, 

2010 = 466100, 2015 = 504500, 2020 = 532400, 2025 = 558100, 2030 = 581800) 

5. SV = Sacramento Valley portion, MC = Mountain Counties portion 

6. Sacramento Nonattainment Area fraction for South Sutter is estimated at 6% of Sutter County. 

7. Sacramento Valley fraction for North East Solano is estimated at 30.69% of Solano County. 

8. Regional Total represents the Sacramento Nonattainment Area. 

Daily VMT (1000) 2002 2011 2014 2017 2018 2035

 

El Dorado (MC) 3,976 4,546 4,754 4,971 5,046 5,820

Placer (MC) 1,547 1,713 1,772 1,833 1,854 2,306

Placer (SV) 6,956 8,735 9,424 10,167 10,427 13,668

Sacramento County 31,826 36,709 38,498 40,374 41,019 49,398

South Sutter 462 607 665 729 751 1,113

Yolo County 5,182 5,934 6,208 6,495 6,593 7,907

Solano (SV) 5,193 6,218 7,093 7,643 7,744 12,912

Regional Total 55,142 64,462 68,414 72,212 73,434 93,124

 

Notes: 

1. VMT data (except Solano) are based on SACOG's MTP2035 submittal to ARB Feb 2008. 

2. Solano VMT data are based on Bay Area MTC submittal to ARB Aug 2006. 

3. SV = Sacramento Valley portion, MC = Mountain Counties portion 

4. Regional Total represents the Sacramento Nonattainment Area. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix G: Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

Page G-1 

Appendix G: Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

Pre-1990 Motor Vehicle Control Program Adjustments 

Section 182(b)(1)(D) of the Clean Air Act stipulates that emission reductions stemming 

from the federal on-road motor vehicle control program as it existed in 1990 may not be 

used to help meet minimum emission reduction requirements for reasonable further 

progress (RFP) purposes. The Clean Air Act also prohibits states from taking credit for 

emission reductions resulting from using gasoline with a Reid vapor pressure limit 

specified by 1990. This precludes states from demonstrating satisfactory progress for 

ozone simply on the merit of the federal motor vehicle and fuels programs as they 

existed in 1990. States are required to adjust for the benefits of these federal programs 

in RFP calculations. 

Over the years, various methods have been used to estimate the benefits of the pre1990 federal motor vehicle program. In 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (U.S. EPA) released guidance on this subject in Appendix A to the preamble to 

Phase 2 of the 8-hour ozone implementation rule. Appendix A was written for all 50 

states and explains how to calculate the benefits of the 49-state pre-1990 program. 

The one-size-fits-all approach found in Appendix A is problematic for California. 

California’s pioneering efforts to set emission standards from motor vehicles resulted in 

nationwide emission standards adopted by U.S. EPA. In general, California’s auto 

emission standards have been, and still are, more stringent than federal standards, 

particularly for passenger vehicles. California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has held 

ongoing discussions with U.S. EPA staff about the most appropriate way to calculate 

the benefits of the motor vehicle and fuels control program as it existed in 1990. It was 

clear to ARB staff that U.S. EPA guidance in Appendix A did not recognize the maturity 

of California’s program in 1990 or provide California a workable means to estimate the 

benefits of the pre-1990 motor vehicle program. 

In September 2007, in response to issues raised by ARB staff, U.S. EPA staff proposed 

an alternative calculation methodology specifically for use in California. This alternative 

would allow calculating the benefits from the pre-1990 California program in lieu of 

those from the pre-1990 49-state federal program. By ARB staff’s accounting, using the 

alternative U.S. EPA method would still result in an underestimation of the progress 

produced by California’s program, although to a lesser extent than would Appendix A. 

This is due to an overestimation of the residual benefits of the pre-1990 California motor 

vehicle program. Nevertheless, ARB staff has estimated the benefits of California’s pre1990 motor vehicle program for the Sacramento Metro nonattainment area according to 

the U.S. EPA-approved alternative methodology (see Table G-1). 

X:\2007-2008 SIPs\Reasonable Further Progress\Key RFP documents\SCFNAA Correspondence\CaMVCP writeup for Sac.doc 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix G: Reasonable Further Progress Demonstrations 

Page G-2 

Table G-1 

Summary of Inventory Adjustments for Statewide (TPD) – Using Statewide Muriel Ratios

 

1990 Technology Fractions 

1990 I/M 

2002 Population by Vehicle Class 

7.8 psi Fuel RVP 

1990 Fuels (gasoline + diesel) 

Federal/State Emission Standards with 2002 Vehicle Class Distributions 

Subregional EMFAC - Calculated FMVAC Using USEPA Methodology 

 

ROG Statewide Sac FNAA 

2002 Actual Baseline MV Inventory 993.06 63.89

CAMVCP for 2002 0.00 0.00

CAMVCP for 2008 135.69 8.73

CAMVCP for 2013 217.47 13.99

CAMVCP for 2018 253.33 16.30

CAMVCP for 2023 267.97 17.24

CAMVCP for 2011 184.76 11.89

CAMVCP for 2014 224.64 14.45

CAMVCP for 2017 246.16 15.84

CAMVCP for 2020 259.19 16.68

 

NOx Statewide Sac FNAA 

2002 Actual Baseline MV Inventory 1869.57 115.27

CAMVCP for 2002 0.00 0.00

CAMVCP for 2008 169.34 10.44

CAMVCP for 2013 238.23 14.69

CAMVCP for 2018 266.78 16.45

CAMVCP for 2023 282.18 17.40

CAMVCP for 2011 210.67 12.99

CAMVCP for 2014 243.94 15.04

CAMVCP for 2017 261.07 16.10

CAMVCP for 2020 272.94 16.83

Data source: Pre-1990 Motor Vehicle Control Program Adjustments provided by CARB. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-1 

Appendix H – Reasonably Available Control Measure Analysis 

RACM requirements 

Section 172(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires a nonattainment plan to: 

 “provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures as 

expeditiously as practicable (including such reductions in emissions from existing 

sources in the area as may be obtained through the adoption, at a minimum, of 

reasonably available control technology) and shall provide for attainment of the national 

primary ambient air quality standards.” 

In addition, EPA’s final 8-hour ozone implementation rule in 40 CFR 51.912(d) pursuant 

to section 172(c)(1) of the CAA requires the attainment SIP submittal to include “a SIP 

revision demonstrating that it has adopted all RACM necessary to demonstrate 

attainment as expeditiously as practicable and to meet any RFP requirements.” 

EPA’s RACM policy28,29 indicates that areas should consider all candidate measures 

that are potentially reasonably available. Sources of potentially reasonable measures 

include measures adopted in other nonattainment areas, measures that the EPA has 

identified in guidelines or other documents, and any measures that have been 

suggested for the particular nonattainment area during a public comment period. 

Areas should consider all reasonably available measures for implementation in light of 

local circumstances. However, areas need only to adopt measures if they are both 

economically and technologically feasible and cumulatively will advance the attainment 

date (by one year or more) or are necessary for RFP. “EPA does not believe that 

Congress intended the RACM requirement to compel the adoption of measures that are 

absurd, unenforceable, or impracticable.”30

Process of identifying RACM

To identify all RACM, district staff conducted internal reviews, consulted with California 

Air Resources Board staff, solicited ideas from technical consultants and, attended a 

technology forum summit at the South Coast Air Quality Management District. In 

addition, district staff reviewed the following documents: 

• "Final 2007 Air Quality Management Plan", South Coast Air Quality Management 

District, June 2007 

 

28 “Final Rule to Implement the 8-Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard – Phase 2” (Federal 

Register, November 29, 2005, p. 71659-71661). 

29 “Guidance on the Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) Requirement and Attainment 

Demonstration Submissions for Ozone Nonattainment Areas” (EPA, December 1999). 

30 ”General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990” (57 FR 

13498, April 16, 1992). 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-2 

• "2007 Ozone Plan", San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution control District, April 30, 2007 

• "Bay Area 2005 Ozone Strategy- Appendix C, Stationary and Mobile Source Control 

Measure Descriptions", Bay Area Air Quality Management District, January 4, 2006 

District staff compared adopted rules in the following air districts to requirements in 

place in the Sacramento region; South Coast Air Quality Management District, Bay Area 

Air Quality Management District, Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, and San 

Joaquin Valley Air Pollution control District. Each of the five air districts was responsible 

for preparing the RACM analysis for the stationary measures in its jurisdiction. The 

regional mobile source and land use measures were evaluated by technical consultants 

for the Sacramento Air District on behalf of the region. 

From these analyses, staff compiled the proposed control measures, "Sacramento 

Regional 8-hour Ozone Attainment Plan - Control Measures:, Draft, October 2006. 

District staff conducted public workshops at four locations throughout the Sacramento 

region. The purposes of the workshops were: 

1. to solicit comments on the proposed control measures, and 

2. to solicit ideas for additional control measures to be considered. 

Feather River Air Quality Management District 

Yuba City, CA - October 31, 2006 

Sacramento Metropolitan and Yolo Solano Air Quality Management Districts 

West Sacramento, CA - October 31, 2006 

Placer County Air Pollution Control District 

Auburn, CA - November 1, 2006 

El Dorado County Air Quality Management District 

Placerville, CA - November 1, 2006 

Following the public workshops, staff evaluated public comments and suggestions, 

reviewed the final plan documents noted above, and compiled the proposed control 

measures included in this plan. 

Conclusion

The following is a summary of the districts staff's findings: 

1. District staff has evaluated and analyzed all reasonable control measures that were 

currently available for inclusion in this plan. 

2. District staff has identified new or amended stationary control measures, and mobile 

source and land use control measures that are included in this plan. 

3. This plan includes all RACM provided by the public and experts. 

4. The available control measures that are not included collectively would not advance 

the attainment date or contribute to RFP for the Sacramento region because of the 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-3 

insignificant or non-quantifiable amount of emissions reductions that they may 

potentially generate. Tables H-1 through H-6 contain a list of the measures and a 

brief discussion of the conclusions. 

5. The RACM demonstration for transportation control measures was prepared by the 

Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) and is discussed separately in 

Appendix D – Transportation Control Measures. 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-4 

Regional 

Mobile/Land Use Source Control Measure RACM Analysis 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-5 

Table H-1 

Mobile and Land Use Control Measures Considered 

Control Measure 

Number 

Control Measure Title and Strategy 

Type Conclusion 

IS-1 Construction Mitigation Control Measure - Also see conclusions 

for each district in Tables H-2 – H-6 

IS-2 Operational Indirect Source Control Measure - Also see conclusions 

for each district in Tables H-2 – H-6 

MISC-31 Use emulsified diesel fuel in all dieselburning heavy duty vehicles 

Not Recommended – Technology is no 

longer available 

MISC-51 Education to Improve Fueling Practices Not Recommended – High cost 

M-TRAN-1 Employer Based Trip Reduction Not Recommended – No authority and 

high cost 

OFMS12 Preconditioning of diesel engines to 

eliminate engine cold start emissions 

Not Recommended – Evaluated for 

Attainment Advancement 

OFMS13 Limiting pleasure watercraft and off-road 

vehicle use during spare the air days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS16 

Restricted use of diesel agricultural water 

pumps to nighttime on Spare The Air 

Days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS19 

Restrict Use of HD Off-Road 

Construction Equipment -- > 50hp to 4 

hours per day 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS20 Restrict use of portable engines on 

Spare The Air Days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS21 Ban or restrict use of recreational 

vehicles on Spare The Air Days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS24 

Limiting pleasure craft/vehicle use on 

days where the temperature is above 

100°F 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS32 Reduced idling for Locomotive Emission 

Reductions 

Not Recommended – No Authority, 

Federally Regulated Source. 

Implemented as incentive and ARB 

MOU. 

OFMS39 Prohibit 2-stroke off-road engines Not Recommended – High Cost 

OFMS42 

Lawn and garden care restrictions – ban 

commercial mowing on Spare The Air 

days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS45 

Identify and offer incentives for 

applications where on-road engines can 

be used in place of off-road certified 

engines 

Not Recommended – No enforceable 

reductions due to differences in 

certification procedures 

OFMS48 Raise fuel prices Not Recommended – High Cost, No 

Authority 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-6 

Table H-1 

Mobile and Land Use Control Measures Considered 

Control Measure 

Number 

Control Measure Title and Strategy 

Type Conclusion 

OFMS66 

Encourage faster turnover of locomotive 

engines to lower emitting engines under 

new US Tier 0 standards 

Control Measure - part of SMAQMD 

OFMS-HD-1 and State SIP 

OFMS68 Require retrofits – NOx Control 

Technologies – Locomotives Not Recommended – No Authority 

OFMS8 Ban all off-road construction equipment 

on spare the air days 

Further Study – Combined in Episodic 

Controls Further Study Measure 

OFMS-92 

Change existing landscaping to 

xeriscaping and promotes the installation 

of xeriscaping in new developments 

Not Recommended – High cost 

ONMS-176 Develop a station car/low emission 

vehicle share program. Not Recommended – High Cost 

ONMS-181 Develop and fund a program for 

neighborhood electric vehicle Not Recommended – High Cost 

ONMS-38 Use remote sensors and license plate 

photos to identify smoking vehicles 

Not Recommended – Evaluated for 

Attainment Advancement 

ONMS-69 

Provide free replacement caps to light 

and medium duty vehicle owners at 

special events, county fairs, etc. 

Not Recommended - Already required 

as part of SMOG Check program 

SMAQMD OFMS-HD-1 Off-road CI Incentive Program Control Measure 

SMAQMD OFMS-SI-1 Zero Emission Lawn and Garden 

Incentive (Residential) Control Measure 

SMAQMD ONMS-HD-1 SECAT Like Program Control Measure 

SMAQMD ONMS-LD-1 Light Duty Early Retirement Control Measure 

SMAQMD-1 Urban Forest Air Quality Development 

Program Control Measure 

State SOON Program Retrofits, repowers, and fleet 

modernization for off road equipment 

Not Recommended – Equivalent or 

better requirements in place 

TCM-ONMS-ED-1 Spare The Air Program – Notification for 

Spare The Air Days Control Measure 

Further Study-1 Urban Heat Island Mitigation Further Study 

Further Study-2 Alternative Energy Further Study 

Further Study-3 Energy Conservation Further Study 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-7 

Table H-1 

Mobile and Land Use Control Measures Considered 

Control Measure 

Number 

Control Measure Title and Strategy 

Type Conclusion 

Further Study-6 

Episodic Controls 

(Combination of OFMS8, OFMS13, 

OFMS16, OFMS19, OFMS20, OFMS21, 

OFMS24, OFMS42) 

Further Study 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-8 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

Stationary/Area Source Control Measure Control Measures Considered 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-9 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

460 Adhesives and 

Sealants 

VOC limits on adhesives and 

sealants 

Reduce VOC limits on 

adhesives and sealants 

to limits used in 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

442 Architectural 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

454/466 

Degreasing/ 

Solvent 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the solvents to limits 

adopted by SCAQMD. 

Including all coating rules 

with solvent limits. 

Control Measure 

440 Unspecified 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits on coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

459 Automotive 

Refinishing VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

 

Paper, Fabric, 

and Film 

Coating 

None Establish VOC limits on 

coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

411 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBtu/hr or greater; 

1-5 mmBTU/hr 30 ppm, 5-20 

mmBTU/hr 15 ppm, >20 

mmBTU/hr 9 ppm 

Already adopted Control Measure 

411 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBtu/hr or greater; 

1-5 mmBTU/hr 30 ppm, 5-20 

mmBTU/hr 15 ppm, >20 9 ppm 

Reduce Nox limit to 6 

ppm for >20 mmBTU/hr 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

412 IC Engines NOx limits on IC Engines located 

at major stationary source 

Require NOx limits all IC 

Engines, not just those at 

major stationary sources 

of NOx. 

Control Measure 

446 Storage Tanks 

Requires use of a pressure tank or 

use of tank with vapor loss control 

device 

Lower applicability 

threshold; additional 

control on fixed roof tank 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Cap and Trade None 

Establish CAP and Trade 

Emission Reduction 

Program similar to 

SCAQMD's RECLAIM 

Program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

418 Commercial 

Cooking None 

Establish standards to 

control VOC emissions 

for Commercial Cooking 

(i.e. char boilers) 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

496 Livestock 

Waste 

Implement several practice from a 

list 

Lower applicability 

threshold; Increase 

number of practices and 

control efficiency 

Control Measure 

496 Livestock 

Waste 

Implement several practices from 

a list 

Lower applicability 

threshold; Increase 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-10 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

number of practices and 

control efficiency 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Wineries None 

Establish standards to 

reduce evaporative VOC 

emissions from the 

fermentation process at 

wineries 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

463 Wood Products 

Coatings 

VOC limits on coatings and 

strippers 

Reduce VOC limits for 

high solid stains, sealers, 

strippers and lower the 

applicability limit to 20 

gal/year 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

461 

Natural Gas 

Production and 

Processing 

None 

Establish requirements 

to inspect and maintain 

equipment to reduce 

fugitive VOC emissions 

Control Measure 

471 Asphalted 

Concrete None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions similar to a 

control measure adopted 

by SJVUAPCD 

Control Measure 

 Dryers and 

Ovens None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions that achieve 

50 - 75% reduction 

similar to proposed 

measure in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

465 

Polyester 

Resin/Plastic 

Product 

Manufacturing 

Limits monomer content and use 

of vapor suppressants 

Reduce monomer limits 

to standards adopted by 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

485 Landfills 

Collect and control ROG 

emissions from landfills containing 

approximately 4 million tons of 

waste or more 

Lower applicability 

threshold to landfills 

containing approximately 

0.5 million tons of waste 

or more 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

414 Water Heaters 

NOx limits on water heaters with 

rated heat input capacity less than 

75,000 Btu/hr 

Require NOx limits on 

water heaters/boilers 

with rated heat input 

capacity between 75,000 

Btu/hr and 1,000,000 

Btu/hr, and reduce 

current NOx limits from 

55 ppm to 15 ppm. 

Control Measure 

 Roofing Kettles None Establish VOC limits 

from roofing kettles 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Reactivity 

Based 

Standards 

None 

Require VOC limit of 

coatings to be based on 

a reactivity limit instead 

of a mass-balance limit 

Not Recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

442 

 

Using Greener 

Consumer 

Products 

None 

Promote the use of LowVOC Consumer Product 

especially on Spare-theAir Day 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-11 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Semiconductor 

Manufacturing None 

Establish VOC limits for 

semiconductor 

manufacturing 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

452 Can Coating VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Equivalent or 

better requirements 

in place 

456 

Aerospace 

Assembly and 

Component 

VOC limits on coatings 

Require VOC limits on 

additional coating 

categories associated 

with Aerospace Coating 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

444 Petroleum Dry 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents used or 

use of emission control device 

Remove applicability 

threshold to include all 

dry cleaning solvents 

except for 

perchloroethylene and 

ban the use of open 

transfer systems 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

451 

Metal Parts and 

Products 

Coating 

VOC limits on coatings, strippers 

and solvent cleaner 

Reduce VOC limits for 

coatings used in some 

"baked" applications and 

coatings considered 

"specialty coatings" 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

450 Graphic Arts 

VOC limits on inks, coatings, 

adhesives or use of emission 

control system 

Reduce VOC limits for 

ink categories in 

flexographic for porous 

substrate, extreme 

performance, and 

metallic ink to be as 

stringent as SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

413 Gas Turbines 

NOx limits on stationary gas 

turbines; 0.3 - 2.9 MW 42 ppmv, 

>= 2.9 and <877 hours 42 ppmv, 

2.9 - 10 MW and >= 877 hours, 

25 ppmv, >=10 MW with no SCR 

and >= 877 hours 15 ppmv, >=10 

MW with SCR and >= hours 9 

ppmv 

Reduce NOx limits to be 

as stringent as 

SCAQMD; 0.3-2.9 MW 

25 ppmv, 2.9-10 MW 9 

ppmv, 2.9-10 MW with 

no scar 15 ppmv, 10 MW 

and over 9 ppmv , 10 

MW and over with no 

SCR 12 ppmv 

Not Recommended 

- Equivalent or 

better requirements 

in place 

408 Incinerators Multiple-chamber incinerator or 

APCO-approved equipment 

Require all incinerators 

demonstrate NOx 

emissions of less than 60 

lb/mmscf 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Food and Ag 

Processing None 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as a rule 

adopted in SCAQMD 

which required the use of 

low-VOC sterilizing 

products or controlled by 

an emission control 

device 

Not Recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

454/466 

458 Bakeries Control efficiency of at least 95% Lower applicability 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-12 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

447 Organic Liquid 

Loading 

VOC limits from loading of organic 

liquids 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

BAAQMD; require leak 

inspection requirement 

and repair time 

requirement similar to 

the requirements 

adopted in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

448/449 

Gasoline 

Transfer - 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems, 

pressure relief valve. Phase II 

requires ARB certified system, 

periodic self maintenance, periodic 

inspection 

Evaluate SJV proposal 

Not Recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

Further 

Study - 4 

Gasoline 

Transfer Phase 

I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems, 

pressure relief valve. Phase II 

requires ARB certified system, 

periodic self maintenance, periodic 

inspection 

Improve compliance 

rates by requiring ISD to 

provide earlier warning 

signal at lower 

degradation rate; change 

ISD warning and gross 

failure rates; disallow 

ISD reset button until 

fixed; require installation 

of shut down sensor 

Further Study 

Needed - Current 

info inadequate 

 Storage Tank 

Degassing 

Maintenance/replacement not 

allowed May - October 

Reduce emissions by 

requiring enhanced 

control technology, 

increased control 

efficiency, establishing 

concentration limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Aviation Fuel 

Transfer None 

Reduce VOC from 

spillage and vapor 

displacement during 

Phase 1 operations and 

from venting through 

relief valves 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Marine 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits for 

marine coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Enhanced 

Compliance None 

Evaluate permit program 

change to assess 

opportunities for further 

emission reductions; 

include adjusting permit 

exemption level, conduct 

additional inspections 

and survey to identify 

potential sources, adding 

conditions to non-Title V 

Sources and improving 

accuracy and 

enforceability of existing 

permit 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Flares None Establish standard of 

NOx emissions for flares 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-13 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Polystyrene/ 

Poly Foam 

Blowing/Other 

None 

Require reduction of 

VOC emission from EPS 

molding by vented the 

emissions to an emission 

control device such as a 

thermal oxidizer 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Production of 

Wood/paper 

products 

None 

Require VOC limits for 

manufacturing 

wood/paper products. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Industrial 

Wastewater None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system from 

wastewater system 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Wastewater at 

Sewage 

Treatment 

Plants 

None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system for 

wastewater sewage 

treatment plant 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

201 Lower permit 

exemption Permit exemptions and thresholds 

Lower permit threshold 

to bring more sources 

and equipment under 

permit program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Green Waste 

Composting None 

Establish VOC limits 

similar to the rule 

adopted by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Co-Composting 

and Biosolids None 

Establish VOC reducing 

requirements equivalent 

to SJVUAPCD/SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Glass Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for 

glass furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Central 

Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for central furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

NOx emissions 

associated with new land 

use development 

Control Measure 

IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

VOC emissions 

associated with new land 

use development 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS-2 ISR 

Operational None 

Mitigate increased 

emissions associated 

with new land 

use/development 

projects 

Control Measure 

501 

Agricultural 

Burning/Open 

Burning 

Conditions under which burning 

must be conducted, when allowed, 

to minimize smoke; Burning is not 

allowed on days declared No-Burn 

Day 

Prohibit burning of waste 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-14 

Table H-2 

SMAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Glycol 

Dehydration 

Systems 

None 

Control VOC emissions 

from glycol regenerator 

vents used in natural gas 

production to remove 

water vapor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Further 

Study - 5 Lubricants None Establish VOC limits for lubricant formulations 

Further Study 

Needed - Current 

info inadequate 

 Facility 

Modernization 

None - new equipment with PTE 

greater than 10 lbs/day install 

BACT 

Establish a predetermined life span of 

when equipment would 

need to be replaced and 

would then trigger BACT 

limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-15 

El Dorado County Air Quality Management District 

Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-16 

Table H-3 

EDCAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

236 Adhesives and 

Sealants VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce VOC limits on 

adhesives and sealants 

to limits used in 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

215 Architectural 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control measure 

225/235 

Degreasing/ 

Solvent 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents Reduce the VOC limits 

on the solvents Control measure 

 Unspecified 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits on coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

230 Automotive 

Refinishing VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Paper, Fabric, 

and Film 

Coating 

None Establish VOC limits on 

coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

229 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 5,000,000 Btu/hr or 

greater; 30 ppm, 

Lower NOx limits on 

boiler/steam generators 

with rated heat input 

capacity of 1,000,000 

Btu/hr or greater; 1-5 

mmBTU/hr 30 ppm, 5-20 

mmBTU/hr 15 ppm, >20 

mmBTU/hr 9 ppm 

Not Recommended 

- High Cost 

231, 232, 

233, 241 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 5,000,000 Btu/hr or 

greater; 30 ppm, 

Reduce NOx limit to 6-8 

ppm for >20 mmBTU/hr 

Not Recommended 

- High Cost 

233 IC Engines NOx limits on internal combustion 

engines Reduce NOx limit Not Recommended - High Cost 

244 Storage Tanks Work practices 

Lower applicability 

threshold: additional 

control on fixed roof tank 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Cap and Trade None 

Establish CAP and Trade 

Emission Reduction 

Program similar to 

SCAQMD's RECLAIM 

Program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Commercial 

Cooking None 

Establish standards to 

control VOC emissions 

for Commercial Cooking 

(i.e. char boilers) 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Livestock 

Waste None 

Lower applicability 

threshold: increase 

number of practices and 

control efficiency 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Wineries None 

Establish standards to 

reduce evaporative VOC 

emissions from the 

fermentation process at 

wineries 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-17 

Table H-3 

EDCAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

237 Wood Products 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce VOC limits for 

high solid stains, sealers, 

strippers and lower the 

applicability limit to 20 

gal/year 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Natural Gas 

Production and 

Processing 

None 

Establish requirements 

to inspect and maintain 

equipment to reduce 

fugitive VOC emissions 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Asphaltic 

Concrete None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions similar to a 

control measure adopted 

by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Other Dryers 

and Ovens None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions that achieve 

50 - 75% reduction 

similar to proposed 

measure in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Polyester 

Resin/Plastic 

Product 

Manufacturing 

None 

Reduce monomer limits 

to standards adopted by 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Landfills None Establish rule for landfills 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

239 Water Heaters 

NOx limits on water heaters with 

rated heat input capacity less 

than 75,000 Btu/hr 

Require NOx limits on 

water heaters/boilers 

with rated heat input 

capacity between 75,000 

Btu/hr and 1,000,000 

Btu/hr, and reduce 

current NOx limits from 

55 ppm to 15 ppm. 

Control measure 

 Roofing Kettles None Establish VOC limits 

from roofing kettles 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Reactivity 

Based 

Standards 

None 

Require VOC limit of 

coatings to be based on 

a reactivity limit instead 

of a mass-balance limit 

Not Recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

218 

 

Using Greener 

Consumer 

Products 

None 

Promote the use of LowVOC Consumer Product 

especially on Spare-theAir Day 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Semiconductor 

Manufacturing None 

Establish VOC limits for 

semiconductor 

manufacturing. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Can Coating None Establish VOC limits Not Recommended - No sources 

 

Aerospace 

Coating None Establish VOC limits Not Recommended - No sources 

 

Petroleum Dry 

Cleaning None 

Establish VOC limits on 

solvents used or require 

use of an emission 

control device 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-18 

Table H-3 

EDCAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

246 Metal Parts and 

Products None Establish VOC limits Control measure 

231 Graphic Arts VOC limits on graphic arts 

materials 

Require VOC limits for 

ink products in 

flexographic for porous 

substrate, extreme 

performance, and 

metallic ink to be as 

stringent as SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Gas Turbines None 

Reduce NOx limits to be 

as stringent as 

SCAQMD; 0.3-2.9 MW 

25 ppmv, 2.9-10 MW 9 

ppmv, 2.9-10 MW with 

no scar 15 ppmv, 10 MW 

and over 9 ppmv , 10 

MW and over with no 

SCR 12 ppmv 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Incinerators None 

Require all incinerators 

demonstrate NOx 

emissions of less than 60 

lb/mmscf 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Food and Ag 

Processing None 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as a rule 

adopted in SCAQMD 

which required the use of 

low-VOC sterilizing 

products or controlled by 

an emission control 

device 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Bakeries None Establish VOC limits for 

bakeries 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Terminal/Bulk 

Plants 

VOC limits from loading of organic 

liquids 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

BAAQMD; require leak 

inspection requirement 

and repair time 

requirement similar to 

the requirements 

adopted in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

238/244 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems, 

pressure relief valve. Phase II 

requires ARB certified system, 

periodic self maintenance, periodic 

inspection 

Evaluate SJV proposal to 

include mobile fuelers, 

increase inspection 

frequency, lower 

allowable vapor leak 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

238/244 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems, 

pressure relief valve. Phase II 

requires ARB certified system, 

periodic self maintenance, periodic 

inspection 

Improve compliance 

rates by requiring ISD to 

provide earlier warning 

signal at lower 

degradation rate; change 

ISD warning and gross 

failure rates; disallow 

ISD reset button until 

fixed; require installation 

of shut down sensor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-19 

Table H-3 

EDCAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

Storage Tank 

Degassing None 

Reduce emissions by 

requiring enhanced 

control technology, 

increased control 

efficiency, establishing 

concentration limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Aviation Fuel 

Transfer None 

Reduce VOC from 

spillage and vapor 

displacement during 

Phase 1 operations and 

from venting through 

relief valves 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Marine 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits for marine coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Enhanced 

Compliance None 

Evaluate permit program 

change to assess 

opportunities for further 

emission reductions; 

include adjusting permit 

exemption level, conduct 

additional inspections 

and survey to identify 

potential sources, adding 

conditions to non-Title V 

Sources and improving 

accuracy and 

enforceability of existing 

permit 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Flares None Establish standard of 

NOx emissions for flares 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Polystyrene/ 

Poly Foam 

Blowing/Other 

None 

Require reduction of 

VOC emission from EPS 

molding by vented the 

emissions to an emission 

control device such as a 

thermal oxidizer 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Production of 

Wood/paper 

products 

None 

Require VOC limits for 

manufacturing 

wood/paper products. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Industrial 

Wastewater None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system from 

wastewater system 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Wastewater 

Sewage 

Treatment 

None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system for 

wastewater sewage 

treatment plant 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Lower permit 

exemption None 

Lower permit threshold 

to bring more sources 

and equipment under 

permit program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Composting 

Green Waste None 

Establish VOC limits 

similar to the rule 

adopted by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-20 

Table H-3 

EDCAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

Composting 

and Biosolids None 

Establish VOC reducing 

requirements equivalent 

to SJVUAPCD/SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Glass Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for 

glass furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

Central 

Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for central furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

emissions associated 

with new land use 

development 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS-2 ISR 

Operational None 

Mitigate increased 

emissions associated 

with new land 

use/development 

projects 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

300 

Agricultural 

Burning/Open 

Burning 

Conditions under which burning 

must be conducted, when allowed, 

to minimize smoke; Burning is not 

allowed on days declared No-Burn 

Day 

Prohibit burning of waste 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Glycol 

Dehydration 

Systems 

None 

Control VOC emissions 

from glycol regenerator 

vents used in natural gas 

production to remove 

water vapor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Lubricants None Establish VOC limits for 

lubricant formulations 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

Facility 

Modernization None 

Establish a predetermined life span of 

when equipment would 

need to be replaced and 

would then trigger BACT 

limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-21 

Feather River Air Quality Management District 

Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-22 

Table H-4 

FRAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

1 Adhesives and 

Sealants None 

Establish VOC limits on 

adhesives and sealants 

similar to limits used in 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

3.15 Architectural 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

3.14 

Degreasing/ 

Solvent 

Cleaning 

Keep lid close on tanks greater 

than 55 gallons. 

Require VOC limits on 

degreasing/solvent 

cleaning process. 

Control Measure 

2 Unspecified 

Coatings None 

Establish VOC limits on 

coatings that have not 

been established in 

another rule. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

3.19 Automotive 

Refinishing VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

 

Paper, Fabric, 

and Film 

Coating 

None Establish VOC limits on 

coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

3.21 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBtu/hr or greater; 

1-5 mmBTU/hr Annual Tune Up, 

>5 mmBTU/hr using gaseous fuel 

30 ppm, >5 mmBTU/hr using nongaseous fuel 40 ppm 

Require Nox limits for 

boiler between 1-5 

mmBtu/hr, and reduce 

Nox limit for boiler >5 

mmBtu/hr 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

3.21 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBtu/hr or greater; 

1-5 mmBTU/hr Annual Tune Up, 

>5 mmBTU/hr using gaseous fuel 

30 ppm, >5 mmBTU/hr using nongaseous fuel 40 ppm 

Reduce Nox limit to 6 

ppm for >20 mmBTU/hr 

Not Recommended 

– No Sources 

3.22 IC Engines None Establish Nox limits on 

engines. Control Measure 

3.8/3.9 Storage Tanks Requires use of a floating roof or 

vapor loss control device 

Lower applicability 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Cap and Trade None 

Establish CAP and Trade 

Emission Reduction 

Program similar to 

SCAQMD's RECLAIM 

Program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Commercial 

Cooking None 

Establish standards to 

control VOC emissions 

for Commercial Cooking 

(i.e. char boilers) 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Livestock 

Waste None Lower applicability threshold 

Not Recommended 

– No Sources 

 Wineries None 

Establish standards to 

reduce evaporative VOC 

emissions from the 

fermentation process at 

wineries 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-23 

Table H-4 

FRAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

3.20 Wood Products 

Coatings 

VOC limits on coatings and 

strippers 

Reduce VOC limits for 

high solid stains, sealers, 

strippers and lower the 

applicability limit to 20 

gal/year 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Natural Gas 

Production and 

Processing 

None 

Establish requirements 

to inspect and maintain 

equipment to reduce 

fugitive VOC emissions 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Asphaltic 

Concrete None Require limits for NOx 

emissions 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Other Dryers 

and Ovens None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions that achieve 

50 - 75% reduction 

similar to proposed 

measure in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

– No Sources 

 

Polyester 

Resin/Plastic 

Product 

Manufacturing 

None 

Require monomer 

content limit and use of 

vapor suppressant 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

3.18 Landfills Collect and control ROG 

emissions from landfills 

Lower applicability 

threshold to landfills 

containing approximately 

0.5 million tons of waste 

or more 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

3.23 Water Heaters None 

Require limits for Nox 

emissions for water 

heaters < 1 mmBtu/hr 

Control Measure 

 Roofing Kettles None Establish VOC limits 

from roofing kettles 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Reactivity 

Based 

Standards 

None 

Require VOC limit of 

coatings to be based on 

a reactivity limit instead 

of a mass-balance limit 

Not Recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

3.15 

 

Using Greener 

Consumer 

Products 

None 

Promote the use of LowVOC Consumer Product 

especially on Spare-theAir Day 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Semiconductor 

Manufacturing None 

Establish VOC limits for 

semiconductor 

manufacturing 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Can Coating None Establish VOC limits for 

can coating 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Aerospace 

Coating None Establish VOC limits for aerospace coating 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Petroleum Dry 

Cleaning None 

Establish VOC limits on 

solvents used or use of 

control device 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Metal Parts and 

Products None 

Require VOC limits on 

coatings for metal parts 

and products 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-24 

Table H-4 

FRAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Graphic Arts None 

Require VOC limits on 

inks, coatings, adhesives 

or use of emission 

control system 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Gas Turbines None Establish Nox limits on 

stationary gas turbines 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Incinerators None Establish Nox limits on 

incinerators 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Food and Ag 

Processing None 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as a rule 

adopted in SCAQMD 

which required the use of 

low-VOC sterilizing 

products or controlled by 

an emission control 

device 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Bakeries None 

Require control device 

with efficiency of at least 

95% 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Terminal/Bulk 

Plants None Require VOC limits from loading of organic liquids 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

3.8/3.12 

Gasoline 

Transfer - 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems. 

Phase II requires ARB certified 

system, periodic self maintenance, 

periodic inspection 

Evaluate SJV proposal to 

include mobile fuelers, 

increase inspection 

frequency, lower 

allowable vapor leak 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

3.8/3.12 

Gasoline 

Transfer - 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe & ARB certified systems. 

Phase II requires ARB certified 

system, periodic self maintenance, 

periodic inspection 

Improve compliance 

rates by requiring ISD to 

provide earlier warning 

signal at lower 

degradation rate; change 

ISD warning and gross 

failure rates; disallow 

ISD reset button until 

fixed; require installation 

of shut down sensor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Storage Tank 

Degassing None 

Reduce emissions by 

requiring enhanced 

control technology, 

increased control 

efficiency, establishing 

concentration limits 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Aviation Fuel 

Transfer None 

Reduce VOC from 

spillage and vapor 

displacement during 

Phase 1 operations and 

from venting through 

relief valves 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Marine 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits for 

marine coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-25 

Table H-4 

FRAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Enhanced 

Compliance None 

Evaluate permit program 

change to assess 

opportunities for further 

emission reductions; 

include adjusting permit 

exemption level, conduct 

additional inspections 

and survey to identify 

potential sources, adding 

conditions to non-Title V 

Sources and improving 

accuracy and 

enforceability of existing 

permit 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Flares None Establish standard of 

NOx emissions for flares 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Polystyrene/ 

Poly Foam 

Blowing/Other 

None 

Require reduction of 

VOC emission from EPS 

molding by vented the 

emissions to an emission 

control device such as a 

thermal oxidizer 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Production of 

Wood/paper 

products 

None 

Require VOC limits for 

manufacturing 

wood/paper products. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Industrial 

Wastewater None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system from 

wastewater system 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Wastewater 

Sewage 

Treatment 

None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system for 

wastewater sewage 

treatment plant 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

4.3 Lower permit 

exemption Permit exemptions and thresholds 

Lower permit threshold 

to bring more sources 

and equipment under 

permit program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Composting 

Green Waste None Establish VOC limits Not Recommended - No sources 

 Composting 

and Biosolids None 

Establish VOC reducing 

requirements equivalent 

to SJVUAPCD/SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Glass Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for 

glass furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Central 

Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for central furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

NOx emissions 

associated with new land 

use development 

Control measure 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-26 

Table H-4 

FRAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

VOC emissions 

associated with new land 

use development 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 IS-2 ISR 

Operational None 

Mitigate increased 

emissions associated 

with new land 

use/development 

projects 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

2.0 

Agricultural 

Burning/Open 

Burning 

Conditions under which burning 

must be conducted, when allowed, 

to minimize smoke; Burning is not 

allowed on days declared No-Burn 

Day 

Prohibit burning of waste 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Glycol 

Dehydration 

Systems 

None 

Control VOC emissions 

from glycol regenerator 

vents used in natural gas 

production to remove 

water vapor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Lubricants None Establish VOC limits for 

lubricant formulations 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Facility 

Modernization 

None - new equipment with PTE 

greater than 10 lbs/day install 

BACT 

Establish a predetermined life span of 

when equipment would 

need to be replaced and 

would then trigger BACT 

limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-27 

Placer County Air Pollution Control District 

Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-28 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

235 Adhesives and 

Sealants 

VOC limits on adhesives and 

sealants 

Reduce VOC limits on 

adhesives and sealants 

to limits used in 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

218 Architectural 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

216, 240 

Degreasing/ 

Solvent 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvent 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the solvents to limits 

adopted by SCAQMD. 

Including all coating rules 

with solvent limits. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Unspecified 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits on coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

234 Automotive 

Refinishing VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

 

Paper, Fabric, 

and Film 

Coating 

None Establish VOC limits on 

coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

231, 232, 

233, 241 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

Required NOx limits 30 ppm on 

boiler/steam generators with rated 

heat input capacity of 5MMBtu/hr 

or greater; 

Lower NOx limits on 

boiler/steam generators 

with rated heat input 

capacity of 1,000,000 

Btu/hr or greater; 1-5 

mmBTU/hr 30 ppm, 5-20 

mmBTU/hr 15 ppm, >20 

mmBTU/hr 9 ppm 

Not Recommended 

- High Cost due to 

the portion of 

boilers >5 

mmBtu/hr in the 

county 

231, 232, 

233, 241 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

Required NOx limits 30 ppm on 

boiler/steam generators with rated 

heat input capacity of 5,000,000 

Btu/hr or greater; 

Reduce Nox limit to 6-8 

ppm for >20 mmBTU/hr 

Not Recommended 

- High cost due to 

the portion of 

boilers > 5 

mmBtu/hr in the 

county 

242 IC Engines NOx limits on IC Engines located 

at stationary sources 

Lower NOx limits on all 

non-ag stationary 

engines 25 ppm for rich 

burn, 65 ppm for lean 

burn, 80 ppm for diesel 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

212 Storage Tanks 

Requires use of a pressure tank or 

use of tank with vapor loss control 

device 

Lower applicability 

threshold; additional 

control on fixed roof tank 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Cap and Trade None 

Establish CAP and Trade 

Emission Reduction 

Program similar to 

SCAQMD's RECLAIM 

Program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Commercial 

Cooking None 

Establish standards to 

control VOC emissions 

for Commercial Cooking 

(i.e. char boilers) 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-29 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Livestock 

Waste None 

Lower applicability 

threshold; Increase 

number of practices and 

control efficiency 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Wineries None 

Establish standards to 

reduce evaporative VOC 

emissions from the 

fermentation process at 

wineries 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

236 Wood Products 

Coatings 

VOC limits on coatings and 

strippers 

Reduce VOC limits for 

high solid stains, sealers, 

strippers and lower the 

applicability limit to 20 

gal/year 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Natural Gas 

Production and 

Processing 

None 

Establish requirements 

to inspect and maintain 

equipment to reduce 

fugitive VOC emissions 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

CM1 Asphaltic 

Concrete None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions similar to a 

control measure adopted 

by SJVUAPCD 

Control Measure 

 Other Dryers 

and Ovens None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions that achieve 

50 - 75% reduction 

similar to proposed 

measure in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

243 

Polyester 

Resin/Plastic 

Product 

Manufacturing 

Limits monomer content and use 

of vapor suppressants 

Reduce monomer limits 

to standards adopted by 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

237 Landfills 

Collect and control ROG 

emissions from landfills containing 

approximately 2.75 million tons of 

waste or more 

Lower applicability 

threshold to landfills 

containing approximately 

0.5 million tons of waste 

or more 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

CM2/246 Water Heaters 

NOx limits on water heaters with 

rated heat input capacity less than 

75,000 Btu/hr 

Require NOx limits on 

water heaters/boilers 

with rated heat input 

capacity between 75,000 

Btu/hr and 1,000,000 

Btu/hr, and reduce 

current NOx limits from 

55 ppm to 15 ppm. 

Control Measure 

 Roofing Kettles None Establish VOC limits 

from roofing kettles 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Reactivity 

Based 

Standards 

None 

Require VOC limit of 

coatings to be based on 

a reactivity limit instead 

of a mass-balance limit 

Not Recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

218 

 

Using Greener 

Consumer 

Products 

None 

Promote the use of LowVOC Consumer Product 

especially on Spare-theAir Day 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-30 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

244 Semiconductor 

Manufacturing 

Limit VOC emissions from 

negative photoresist operations 

and solvent cleaning processes 

Establish VOC limits for 

semiconductor 

manufacturing 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

233 Can Coating Limit VOC emissions form coating 

Reduce VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Aerospace 

Coating None Establish VOC limits 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

227 Petroleum Dry 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents used or 

use of emission control device 

Remove applicability 

threshold to include all 

dry cleaning solvents 

except for 

perchloroethylene and 

ban the use of open 

transfer systems 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

CM3/245 Metal Parts and 

Products None Establish VOC limits Control Measure 

239 Graphic Arts 

VOC limits on inks, coatings, 

adhesives or use of emission 

control system 

Reduce VOC limits for 

ink categories in 

flexographic for porous 

substrate, extreme 

performance, and 

metallic ink to be as 

stringent as SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

250 Gas Turbines 

NOx limits on stationary gas 

turbines; 0.3 - 2.9 MW 42 ppmv, 

>= 2.9 and <877 hours 42 ppmv, 

2.9 - 10 MW and >= 877 hours, 

25 ppmv, >=10 MW with no SCR 

and >= 877 hours 15 ppmv, >=10 

MW with SCR and >= hours 9 

ppmv 

Reduce NOx limits to be 

as stringent as 

SCAQMD; 0.3-2.9 MW 

25 ppmv, 2.9-10 MW 9 

ppmv, 2.9-10 MW with 

no scar 15 ppmv, 10 MW 

and over 9 ppmv , 10 

MW and over with no 

SCR 12 ppmv 

Not Recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

206 Incinerators 

Limit NOx, SO2, CO, PM, THC, 

and HCL emissions from an 

incinerator 

Require all incinerators 

demonstrate NOx 

emissions of less than 60 

lb/mmscf 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Food and Ag 

Processing None 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as a rule 

adopted in SCAQMD 

which required the use of 

low-VOC sterilizing 

products or controlled by 

an emission control 

device 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Bakeries None Lower applicability 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-31 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

213, 215 Terminal/Bulk 

Plants 

VOC limits from loading of organic 

liquids 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

BAAQMD; require leak 

inspection requirement 

and repair time 

requirement similar to 

the requirements 

adopted in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Further 

Study – 4 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Require new and existing retail 

service stations being in 

compliance with State ATCM by 

its deadline 

Evaluate SJV proposal to 

include mobile fuelers, 

increase inspection 

frequency, lower 

allowable vapor leak 

threshold 

Further Study - 

Current information 

inadequate to 

quality benefits and 

cost effectiveness 

 Further 

Study – 4 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Require new and existing retail 

service stations being in 

compliance with State ATCM by 

its deadline 

Improve compliance 

rates by requiring ISD to 

provide earlier warning 

signal at lower 

degradation rate; change 

ISD warning and gross 

failure rates; disallow 

ISD reset button until 

fixed; require installation 

of shut down sensor 

Further Study - 

Current information 

inadequate to 

quality benefits and 

cost effectiveness 

 Storage Tank 

Degassing None 

Reduce emissions by 

requiring enhanced 

control technology, 

increased control 

efficiency, establishing 

concentration limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Aviation Fuel 

Transfer None 

Reduce VOC from 

spillage and vapor 

displacement during 

Phase 1 operations and 

from venting through 

relief valves 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Marine 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits for 

marine coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Enhanced 

Compliance None 

Evaluate permit program 

change to assess 

opportunities for further 

emission reductions; 

include adjusting permit 

exemption level, conduct 

additional inspections 

and survey to identify 

potential sources, adding 

conditions to non-Title V 

Sources and improving 

accuracy and 

enforceability of existing 

permit 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Flares None Establish standard of 

NOx emissions for flares 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-32 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Polystyrene/ 

Poly Foam 

Blowing/Other 

None 

Require reduction of 

VOC emission from EPS 

molding by vented the 

emissions to an emission 

control device such as a 

thermal oxidizer 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

229, 238 

Production of 

Wood/paper 

products 

Limit coatings and inks which 

contain 250 grams or less of VOC 

per liter 

Require VOC limits for 

manufacturing 

wood/paper products. 

Not recommended 

- already 

implemented 

 Industrial 

Wastewater None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system from 

wastewater system 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Wastewater 

Sewage 

Treatment 

None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system for 

wastewater sewage 

treatment plant 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Lower permit 

exemption Permit exemptions and thresholds 

Lower permit threshold 

to bring more sources 

and equipment under 

permit program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Composting 

Green Waste None 

Establish VOC limits 

similar to the rule 

adopted by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Composting 

and Biosolids None 

Establish VOC reducing 

requirements equivalent 

to SJVUAPCD/SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Glass Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for 

glass furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Central 

Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for central furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction Nox 

emissions associated 

with new land use 

development 

Control Measure 

 IS-1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

emissions associated 

with new land use 

development 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 IS-2 ISR 

Operational None 

Mitigate increased 

emissions associated 

with new land 

use/development 

projects 

Control measure 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-33 

Table H-5 

PCAPCD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Agricultural 

Burning/Open 

Burning 

Conditions under which burning 

must be conducted, when allowed, 

to minimize smoke; Burning is not 

allowed on days declared No-Burn 

Day, Areas may have more 

restricted controls based on its 

Municipal Advisory Councils 

decision 

Prohibit burning of waste 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Glycol 

Dehydration 

Systems 

None 

Control VOC emissions 

from glycol regenerator 

vents used in natural gas 

production to remove 

water vapor 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Further 

Study – 5 Lubricants None Establish VOC limits for 

lubricant formulations 

Further Study - 

Current information 

incomplete to 

quantify benefits 

and cost 

effectiveness 

 Facility 

Modernization None 

Establish a predetermined life span of 

when equipment would 

need to be replaced and 

would then trigger BACT 

limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-34 

Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District 

Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-35 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Adhesives and 

Sealants 

VOC limits on adhesives and 

sealants 

Reduce VOC limits on 

adhesives and sealants 

to limits used in 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

2.14 Architectural 

Coatings VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control Measure 

2.24/2.31 

Degreasing/ 

Solvent 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the solvents to limits 

adopted by SCAQMD. 

Control measure 

 Unspecified 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits on coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

2.26 Automotive 

Refinishing VOC limits on coatings 

Reduce the VOC limits 

on the coatings 

consistent with the SCM 

Control measure 

 

Paper, Fabric, 

and Film 

Coating 

None Establish VOC limits on 

coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators, 

<5.0 mmBTU/hr 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBTU/hr 30 ppm 

Establish Nox limits on 

boiler/steam generators 

with rated heat input 

capacity of 1-5 

mmBTU/hr 30 ppm 

Not Recommended 

- High cost 

2.27 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators, 

>4.9 mmBTU/hr 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBTU/hr 30 ppm 

Lower NOx limits on 

boiler/steam generators 

with rated heat input 

capacity of 5-20 

mmBTU/hr and >20 

mmBTU/hr 

Control Measure 

231, 232, 

233, 241 

Boilers and 

Steam 

Generators 

NOx limits on boiler/steam 

generators with rated heat input 

capacity of 1 mmBTU/hr 30 ppm 

Reduce NOx limit to 6-8 

ppm for >20 mmBTU/hr 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

2.32 IC Engines 

Rich burn Nox limit at 90 ppm. 

Lean burn Nox limit for engines > 

100 BHP at 150 ppm and Nox limit 

for engines > 100 BHP at 300 ppm 

Reduce NOx emission 

limit for rich burn, lean 

burn > 100 BHP, and 

lean burn engines < 100 

BHP. 

Control measure 

2.21 Storage Tanks 

Requires use of a pressure tank or 

use of tank with vapor loss control 

device 

Lower applicability 

threshold; additional 

control on fixed roof tank 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Cap and Trade None 

Establish CAP and Trade 

Emission Reduction 

Program similar to 

SCAQMD's RECLAIM 

Program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Commercial 

Cooking None 

Establish standards to 

control VOC emissions 

for Commercial Cooking 

(i.e. char boilers) 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-36 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 Livestock 

Waste Best Available Control Technology 

Lower applicability 

threshold; Increase 

number of practices to 

control emissions and 

improve control 

efficiency 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Wineries None 

Establish standards to 

reduce evaporative VOC 

emissions from the 

fermentation process at 

wineries 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Wood Products 

Coatings 

VOC limits on wood coatings, 

application equipment 

requirements 

Reduce VOC limits for 

high solid stains, sealers, 

strippers and lower the 

applicability limit to 20 

gal/year 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Natural Gas 

Production and 

Processing 

Inspections of seals and pressure 

relief devices, control of fugitive 

emissions 

Establish requirements 

to inspect and maintain 

equipment to reduce 

fugitive VOC emissions 

Not recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

 Asphaltic 

Concrete None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions similar to a 

control measure adopted 

by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Other Dryers 

and Ovens None 

Require limits for NOx 

emissions that achieve 

50 - 75% reduction 

similar to proposed 

measure in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Polyester 

Resin/Plastic 

Product 

Manufacturing 

VOC limits on polyester resin 

materials, requirements for 

application equipment 

Reduce monomer limits 

to standards adopted by 

SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 Landfills Compliance with EPA 

requirements 

Lower applicability 

threshold to landfills 

containing approximately 

0.5 million tons of waste 

or more 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

2.37 Water Heaters 40 nanogram Nox limit for natural 

gas-fired water heaters 

Require rating specific 

Nox limits on water 

heaters/boilers with rated 

heat input capacity 

between 75,000 BTU/hr 

and 1,000,000 BTU/hr 

Control measure 

 Roofing Kettles None Establish VOC limits 

from roofing kettles 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Reactivity 

Based 

Standards 

None 

Require VOC limit of 

coatings to be based on 

a reactivity limit instead 

of a mass-balance limit 

Not recommended 

- Overlaps with 

Control Measure 

2.14 

 

Using Greener 

Consumer 

Products 

None 

Promote the use of LowVOC Consumer Product 

especially on Spare-theAir Day 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-37 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Semiconductor 

Manufacturing None 

Establish VOC limits for 

semiconductor 

manufacturing 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Can Coating None 

Reduce VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Aerospace 

Coating None Establish VOC limits Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Petroleum Dry 

Cleaning 

VOC limits on solvents used or 

use of emission control device 

Remove applicability 

threshold to include all 

dry cleaning solvents 

except for 

perchloroethylene and 

ban the use of open 

transfer systems 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Metal Parts and 

Products 

VOC limits on metal parts 

coatings, application methods 

Reduce VOC limits for 

coatings used in some 

"baked" applications and 

coatings considered 

"specialty coatings" 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

2.29 Graphic Arts VOC limits on graphic arts 

products 

Lower rule exemption 

limit to 60 pounds per 

month. Revise cleaning 

solvent ROG limits to 

match current SMAQMD 

standards. 

Control Measure 

 

Gas Turbines Nox limits on gas turbines 

Reduce NOx limits to be 

as stringent as 

SCAQMD; 0.3-2.9 MW 

25 ppmv, 2.9-10 MW 9 

ppmv, 2.9-10 MW with 

no scar 15 ppmv, 10 MW 

and over 9 ppmv , 10 

MW and over with no 

SCR 12 ppmv 

Not Recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

 

Incinerators 

Require all incinerators 

demonstrate NOx 

emissions of less than 60 

lb/mmscf 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Food and Ag 

Processing None 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as a rule 

adopted in SCAQMD 

which required the use of 

low-VOC sterilizing 

products or controlled by 

an emission control 

device 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Bakeries None Lower applicability 

threshold 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-38 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Terminal/Bulk 

Plants 

Pressure tank or vapor-loss 

control device required 

Require VOC limits to be 

as stringent as 

BAAQMD; require leak 

inspection requirement 

and repair time 

requirement similar to 

the requirements 

adopted in SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe and ARB certified systems. 

Phase II requires ARB certified 

system, replacement of balancesystem nozzle boots once per 

year 

Evaluate SJV proposal to 

include mobile fuelers, 

increase inspection 

frequency, lower 

allowable vapor leak 

threshold 

Not recommended 

- Already 

implemented 

Further 

Study – 4 

Gasoline 

Dispensing 

Phase I/II 

Phase I requires submerged fill 

pipe and ARB certified systems. 

Phase II requires ARB certified 

system, replacement of balancesystem nozzle boots once per 

year 

Improve compliance 

rates by requiring ISD to 

provide earlier warning 

signal at lower 

degradation rate; change 

ISD warning and gross 

failure rates; disallow 

ISD reset button until 

fixed; require installation 

of shut down sensor 

Further Study 

Needed - Current 

information 

inadequate to 

quantify benefits or 

assess 

cost/feasibility 

 

Storage Tank 

Degassing 

Reduce emissions by 

requiring enhanced 

control technology, 

increased control 

efficiency, establishing 

concentration limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Aviation Fuel 

Transfer None 

Reduce VOC from 

spillage and vapor 

displacement during 

Phase 1 operations and 

from venting through 

relief valves 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Marine 

Coatings None Establish VOC limits for marine coatings. 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Enhanced 

Compliance None 

Evaluate permit program 

change to assess 

opportunities for further 

emission reductions; 

include adjusting permit 

exemption level, conduct 

additional inspections 

and survey to identify 

potential sources, adding 

conditions to non-Title V 

Sources and improving 

accuracy and 

enforceability of existing 

permit 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Flares None Establish standard of 

NOx emissions for flares 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-39 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

 

Polystyrene/ 

Poly Foam 

Blowing/Other 

None 

Require reduction of 

VOC emission from EPS 

molding by vented the 

emissions to an emission 

control device such as a 

thermal oxidizer 

Not Recommended 

- Equivalent or 

better requirements 

in place 

 

Production of 

Wood/paper 

products 

None 

Require VOC limits for 

manufacturing of 

wood/paper products 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Industrial 

Wastewater None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system from 

wastewater system 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Wastewater 

Sewage 

Treatment 

None 

Require VOC limits and 

control system for 

wastewater sewage 

treatment plant 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Lower permit 

exemption None 

Lower permit threshold 

to bring more sources 

and equipment under 

permit program 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Composting 

Green Waste None 

Establish VOC limits 

similar to the rule 

adopted by SJVUAPCD 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Composting 

and Biosolids None 

Establish VOC reducing 

requirements equivalent 

to SJVUAPCD/SCAQMD 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 Glass Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for 

glass furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- No sources 

 

Central 

Furnaces None Establish NOx limits for central furnaces 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS – 1 ISR 

Construction None 

Implement construction 

mitigation rule to reduce 

off-road construction 

emissions associated 

with new land use 

development 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

IS – 2 ISR 

Operational None 

Mitigate increased 

emissions associated 

with new land 

use/development 

projects 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Agricultural 

Burning/Open 

Burning 

Burning dependent of 

meteorology, no burning allowed 

on no-burn days 

Prohibit burning of waste 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 

 

Glycol 

Dehydration 

Systems 

None 

Control VOC emissions 

from glycol regenerator 

vents used in natural gas 

production to remove 

water vapor 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan December 19, 2008 

Appendix H: Reasonably Available Control Measures Analysis 

Page H-40 

Table H-6 

YSAQMD Stationary/Area Source Control Measures Considered 

Measure 

No. Title Current Requirements 

Opportunity for 

Strengthening Conclusion 

Further 

Study – 5 Lubricants None Establish VOC limits for lubricant formulations 

Further Study 

Needed - Current 

information 

inadequate to 

quantify benefits or 

assess 

cost/feasibility 

 

Facility 

Modernization 

New equipment with PTE > 10 

lbs/day install BACT 

Establish a predetermined life span of 

when equipment would 

need to be replaced and 

would then trigger BACT 

limits 

Not Recommended 

- Evaluated for 

Attainment 

Advancement 
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix I: Federal Clea

Appendix I: Federal Clean Air Act Requirements 

Table I-1 

General Nonattainment Plan Requirements 

Required Plan Element Description Locat

Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) [Section 172(c)(1) 

The plan should provide for the implementation of all reasonably available control measures as expeditiously as practicable, including reduction in emissions from existing sources through the adoption of reasonably available control technology. 

Chapter 7 (propmeasures) Appendix H (RA

Reasonable Further Progress [Section 172(c)(2)] 

The plan requires reasonable further progress in emission reduction. Chapter 13 (RFP 

Inventory [Section 172(c)(3)] 

The plan should include a comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollutant or pollutants in such area, including periodic revisions as the Administrator may determine necessary to assure that the requirements of this part are met. 

Chapter 5 (emisAppendix A (em

Identification and Quantification [Section 172(c)(4)] 

The plan should identify and quantify the emissions, if any, of any such pollutant or pollutants, which will be allowed, in accordance with section 173(a)(1)(B), from the construction and operation of major new or modified stationary sources in each such area. The plan shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the EPA that the emissions quantified for this purpose will be consistent with the achievement of reasonable further progress and will not interfere with attainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standard by the applicable attainment date. 

Chapter 5, Secti(emissions forecChapter 8 (attainChapter13 (RFP 

Permits for new and modified stationary sources [Section 172(c)(5)] 

Such plan provisions shall require permits for the construction and operation of new or modified major stationary sources anywhere in the nonattainment area, in accordance with section 173. 

Chapter 3, Sectipermitting requir
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix I: Federal Clea

Table I-1 (cont.) 

General Nonattainment Plan Requirements 

Required Plan Element Description Locat

Other Measures [Section 172(c)(6)] 

Such plan provisions shall include enforceable emission limitations, and such other control measures, means or techniques (including economic incentives such as fees, marketable permits, and auctions of emission rights), as well as schedules and timetables for compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to provide for attainment by the applicable date. 

Chapter 7 (propmeasures) 

Compliance with Section 110(a)(2) [Section 172(c)(7)] 

Compliance with section 110(a)(2).- Such plan provisions shall also meet the applicable provisions of section 110(a)(2). Section 110(a)(2) – includes reasonable notice and public hearing requirements for plan adoptions.

Chapters 2, 4, 6

Equivalent Techniques [Section 172(c)(8)] 

Upon application by any State, the EPA may allow the use of equivalent modeling, emission inventory, and planning procedures, unless the EPA determines that the proposed techniques are, in the aggregate, less effective than the methods specified by the EPA. 

Chapter 5 (emisChapter 6 (air qu

Contingency Measures [Section 172(c)(9)] 

The plan should include specific measures to be undertaken if the area fails to make reasonable further progress, or to attain the national primary ambient air quality standard by the applicable attainment. Such measures shall be included in the plan revision as contingency measures to take effect in any such case without further action by the State or the EPA 

Chapter 7, Sectimeasures) Chapter 8, SectiChapter 13, Sec
Sacramento Regional 8-Hour Ozone Attainment 

and Reasonable Further Progress Plan 

Appendix I: Federal Clea

Table I-2 

Severe Area Plan Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas 

Required Plan Element Description Locat

Inventory [Section 182(a)(1)] 

Submit a comprehensive, accurate, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources 

Chapter 5 (emisAppendix A (em

General Offset requirements [Section 182(d)(2)] 

The ratio of total emission reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to total increased emissions of such air pollutant shall be at least 1.3 to 1, except that if the State plan requires all existing major sources in a nonattainment area to use best available control technology for the control of VOCs, the ratio shall be at least 1.2 to 1. 

Chapter 3, Sectipermitting requir

Reasonably available control technology [Section 182(b)(2)] 

Implementation of control technologies for VOC sources covered by control technique guidelines (CTG) documents and all other major stationary sources of VOCs that are located in the area 

Chapter 3, Sectirequirements) 

Attainment demonstration [Section 172(c)(1) and 182(c)(2)(A)] 

A demonstration that the plan will provide for attainment of the national ambient air quality standard as expeditiously as practicable by the applicable attainment date. The demonstration must be based on photochemical grid modeling. 

Chapter 6 (air quChapter 8 (attainAppendix B (pho

Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) demonstration [Section 182(c)(2)(B) and (C)] 

A demonstration that the plan will result in VOC emissions (and/or NOx emissions) reductions from the baseline emissions of an average of at least three percent each year. 

Chapter 13 (RFP 

Enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance program [Section 182(c)(3)] 

The State shall provide for an enhanced program to reduce hydrocarbon emissions and NOx emissions from in-use motor vehicles registered in each urbanized area 

Chapter 5, Sectimotor vehicle em

Contingency Provisions [Section 182(c)(9)] 

The plan shall provide for the implementation of specific measures to be undertaken if the area fails to meet any applicable milestone. Such measures shall take effect without further action by the State or the EPA upon a failure to meet the applicable milestone. 

Chapter 7, Sectimeasures) Chapter 8, SectiChapter 13, Sec

Vehicle Miles Traveled [Section 182(d)(1)] 

Transportation control strategies/Transportation control measures 

Chapter 7, SectiAppendix D (TC

Milestones [Section 182(g)] 

Provide a report every three years after the designation to determine whether the nonattainment area has achieved a reduction in emissions during the preceding interval equivalent to the total emission reductions required to be achieved by the attainment date given in the plan. 

Chapter 14, Secreports)