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STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

Jerry Lee Key, 

Petitioner Below, Petitioner

vs.) No. 22-0496 (Kanawha County 21-P-335) 

William K. Marshall III, Commissioner, 

West Virginia Division of Corrections 

and Rehabilitation,

Respondent Below, Respondent

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Petitioner Jerry Lee Key appeals the Circuit Court of Kanawha County’s June 7, 2022, 

order denying his petition for a writ of mandamus as moot.

1 Upon our review, finding no 

substantial question of law and no prejudicial error, we determine that oral argument is 

unnecessary and that a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate. 

See W. Va. R. App. P. 21(c). 

 Effective April 30, 2021, West Virginia Code § 15A-4-17 was amended to provide that 

[i]n addition to the good time granted under subsection (c) of this section and that 

authorized by subdivision (1) of this subsection, an eligible inmate serving a felony 

sentence may receive up to 90 days good time per program for successfully 

completing an approved, but not required, academic or vocational program, which 

is not part of the inmate’s required individualized reentry programing plan. 

Id. § 15A-4-17(i)(2). The amended section provided further that “[t]he commissioner shall adopt 

a written policy to effectuate the purposes of this subsection.” Id. In September 2021, petitioner 

filed a petition for a writ of mandamus seeking to compel respondent to adopt a written policy as 

required by West Virginia Code § 15A-4-17(i)(2). During the pendency of that mandamus 

proceeding, respondent did just that in Policy Directive 151.06, effective May 30, 2022. 

1 Petitioner is a self-represented litigant. Respondent William K. Marshall III, 

Commissioner, West Virginia Division of Corrections and Rehabilitation (“DCR”) appears by 

Attorney General Patrick Morrisey and Assistant Attorney General Jodi Tyler. Additionally, 

petitioner identified Betsy Jividen as the commissioner of the DCR. As William K. Marshall III is 

now the commissioner, the appropriate party has been substituted under Rule 41(c) of the West 

Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure.

FILED

October 18, 2023

EDYTHE NASH GAISER, CLERK

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS

OF WEST VIRGINIA
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Accordingly, the circuit court denied petitioner’s petition, finding that it had been rendered moot. 

The court further concluded that while petitioner had established a clear legal right to the adoption 

of the policy in question and a clear legal duty on respondent’s part to adopt that policy, he could 

not establish a clear legal right or a legal duty on respondent’s part to adopt a written policy by a 

certain date. See Syl. Pt. 2, State ex rel. Kucera v. City of Wheeling, 153 W. Va. 538, 170 S.E.2d 

367 (1969) (“A writ of mandamus will not issue unless three elements coexist-(1) a clear legal 

right in the petitioner to the relief sought; (2) a legal duty on the part of respondent to do the thing 

which the petitioner seeks to compel; and (3) the absence of another adequate remedy.”). Petitioner 

now appeals from the court’s June 7, 2022, order denying his petition, and our review is de novo. 

Syl. Pt. 1, State v. Davis, 236 W. Va. 550, 782 S.E.2d 432 (2015).

In his first of two assignments of error, petitioner argues that the court erred in denying his 

petition without addressing his claim that respondent violated the Ex Post Facto clauses of the state 

and federal constitutions because Policy Directive 151.06 was made effective more than a year 

after the effective date of the amendments to West Virginia Code § 15A-4-17. First, the court did 

address the issue in concluding that petitioner had no clear legal right to implementation of a policy 

directive by a date certain, nor was there a legal duty on respondent’s part to make the policy 

directive effective on a certain date. Indeed, the statute imposes no such requirement, so petitioner 

cannot establish entitlement to mandamus relief on this ground. Second, petitioner has failed to 

demonstrate that the policy directive violates ex post facto principles in any event. “Under Ex post 

facto principles of the United States and West Virginia Constitutions, a law passed after the 

commission of an offense which increases the punishment, lengthens the sentence or operates to 

the detriment of the accused, cannot be applied to him.” Syl. Pt. 7, State ex rel. Phalen v. Roberts, 

245 W. Va. 311, 858 S.E.2d 936 (2021) (quoting Syl. Pt. 1, Adkins v. Bordenkircher, 164 W. Va. 

292, 262 S.E.2d 885 (1980)). The statue and corresponding policy directive, which provide for 

additional means by which an inmate may receive good time credit, do not increase petitioner’s 

punishment, lengthen his sentence, or operate to his detriment. Accordingly, petitioner has 

demonstrated no error in the court’s conclusion below.

In his second assignment of error, petitioner argues that the court failed to address his claim 

that he is entitled to reimbursement of his filing fee because the filing of his petition was 

necessitated by respondent’s alleged failure to adopt a written policy, as required by West Virginia 

Code § 15A-4-17(i)(2). Although petitioner failed to include a copy of his petition for mandamus 

relief in his appendix record, the documents that were included, such as respondent’s response and 

petitioner’s reply to his mandamus petition, do not appear to reflect any request for reimbursement

of his filing fee. “[W]hen nonjurisdictional questions have not been decided at the trial court level 

and are then first raised before this Court, they will not be considered on appeal.” Whitlow v. Bd. 

of Educ. of Kanawha Cnty., 190 W. Va. 223, 226, 438 S.E.2d 15, 18 (1993) (citations omitted).

Moreover, costs and fees are awarded in mandamus proceedings “where a public officer willfully 

fails to obey the law.” Syl. Pts. 3 & 4, in part, Nelson v. W. Va. Pub. Emps. Ins. Bd., 171 W. Va. 

445, 300 S.E.2d 86 (1982). Petitioner has made no showing of a willful disobedience, so for this 

additional reason, we decline to address his request for reimbursement of his filing fee. See State 

v. Benny W., 242 W. Va. 618, 633, 837 S.E.2d 679, 694 (2019) (observing that “skeletal 

argument[s]” do not preserve claims).

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
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Affirmed.

ISSUED: October 18, 2023

CONCURRED IN BY:

Chief Justice Elizabeth D. Walker

Justice Tim Armstead

Justice John A. Hutchison

Justice William R. Wooton

Justice C. Haley Bunn