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### Resources For

          - New / Prospective Employees
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          - HR Professionals
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# Career Development

# Individual Development Plans

Career development planning benefits the individual employee as well as the organization by aligning employee training and development efforts with the organization's mission, goals, and objectives. An individual development plan (IDP) is a tool to assist employees in achieving their personal and professional development goals. IDPs help employees and supervisors set expectations for specific learning objectives and competencies. While an IDP is not a performance evaluation tool or a one-time activity, IDPs allow supervisors to clarify performance expectations. IDPs should be viewed as a partnership between an employee and their supervisor, and involves preparation and continuous feedback. Many agencies require IDPs for new and current employees, and encourage employees to update them annually.

When using an IDP, supervisors develop a better understanding of their employees' professional goals, strengths, and development needs. Employees take personal responsibility and accountability for their career development, acquiring or enhancing the skills they need to stay current in their roles. Some of the benefits of an IDP are:
                - Provide an administrative mechanism for identifying and tracking development needs and plans
                - Assist in planning for the agency's training and development requirements
                - Align employee training and development efforts with its mission, goals, and objectives

There are no regulatory requirements mandating employees complete IDPs within the Federal Government, although many employee and leadership development programs require IDPs (e.g. PMF Program). Completing IDPs is considered good management practice, and many agencies have developed their own IDP planning process and forms. While there is no one "correct" form for recording an employee's development plan, an effective plan should include, at minimum, the following key elements:
                - Employee profile - name, position title, office, grade/pay band
                - Career goals - short-term and long-term goals with estimated and actual competion dates
                - Development objectives - linked to work unit mission/goals/objectives and employee's development needs and objectives
                - Training and development opportunities - activities in which the employee will pursue with estimated and actual completion dates. These activities may include formal classroom training, web-based training, rotational assignments, shadowing assignments, on-the-job training, self-study programs, and professional conferences/seminars
                - Signatures - supervisor and employee signature and date

For more information on IDPs and to view IDP templates, please visit the OPM Training and Development Wiki.

## Executive Development Plans

While there are no regulatory requirements for IDPs, Senior Executive Service (SES) members are required to have a plan for their continued training and development. Under 5 CFR 412.401, all Senior Executives must complete and regularly update an Executive Development Plan (EDP).

Facing constant challenges, changing technologies, and a dynamic environment, executives must pursue ongoing professional executive development to succeed and grow. It is crucial that executives continue to strengthen and enhance their Executive Core Qualifications (ECQs), broaden their perspectives, and strengthen their performance.

Federal agencies are required by law (Title 5, U.S. Code, Section 3396) to establish programs for the continuing development of senior executives.

SES members are required to prepare, implement, and regularly update an EDP as specified by 5 CFR 412.401. The Executive Development Plan (EDP) is a key tool in assisting executives in their continued development. EDPs should outline a senior executive's short-term and long-term developmental activities which will enhance the executive's performance. These activities should meet organizational needs for leadership, managerial improvement, and results.

EDPs should be reviewed annually and revised as appropriate by an Executive Resources Board or similar body designated by the agency to oversee executive development. OPM has developed a sample EDP template for agencies to reference when developing their own EDP form. You can find the sample template and other information on EDPs on the Training and Development Wiki.

If you have any questions regarding training policy or executive development, you can contact the Training and Executive Development Group by sending an email to HRDLeadership@opm.gov.

# Individual Learning Accounts

An Individual Learning Account (ILA) is a base amount of resources expressed in terms of dollars and/or hours that is set aside for an individual employee to use for his or her learning and development. Accounts may be used to develop knowledge, skills, and abilities that directly relate to the employee's official duties. An ILA provides a flexible and innovative approach to encouraging agency employees to take control of their own learning and career development. ILAs were piloted in the Federal Government from March 2000 through September 2000.

ILA's can also be used to supplement existing tuition reimbursement programs. Appropriation law requires monies appropriated for a given fiscal year be expended in that fiscal year (31 USC Sec. 1502). Executive Order No. 13111 states: "To the extent permitted by law, ILA accounts may be established with the funds allocated to the agency for employee training. No new funds are required to implement ILA's. The best way to determine if your agency has an ILA program is to inquire at your agency's Human Resources Office.

You can find more information on ILAs on the OPM Training and Development Wiki.

# Mentoring

Mentoring and coaching are both valuable tools to aid personal and professional development. While there are similar aspects to each method, they are fundamentally different in a variety of ways. Mentoring is a process that focuses specifically on providing guidance, direction, and career advice. Coaching's primary emphasis is on maximizing people's potential by working on their perceptions, self-confidence and creative drive.

Mentoring and Coaching efforts can operate as stand-alone programs or they can be integrated into an organization's training and development program. Many organizations, Federal agencies included, run formal mentoring and coaching programs to enhance career and interpersonal development.

Mentoring is usually a formal or informal relationship between two people-a senior mentor (usually outside the protégé's chain of supervision) and a junior protégé. Mentoring has been identified as an important influence in professional development in both the public and private sector. The war for talent is creating challenges within organization not only to recruit new talent, but to retain talent. Benefits of mentoring include increased employee performance, retention, commitment to the organization, and knowledge sharing.

Within the Federal Government, mentoring is often a component in developmental programs like the Senior Executive Service Candidate Development Program (SESCDP), Presidential Management Fellow (PMF) Program, or the USDA Graduate School Executive Leadership Program (ELP). Agencies implement formal mentoring programs for different purposes. Some of these purposes include:
                - To help new employees settle into the agency
                - To create a knowledge sharing environment
                - To develop mission critical skills
                - To help accelerate one's career
                - To improve retention

**Informal mentoring** is another option for employees to enter into a mentor/protégé relationship. An informal mentoring partnership has less structure and can occur at any time in one's career. The relationship is usually initiated by the mentor or protégé.

Please refer to the Best Practices: Mentoring publication for detailed information on mentoring.

For more information visit the OPM Training and Development Wiki.

# Coaching

### What is coaching?

Coaching is an experiential development process which facilitates change and growth in both individuals and groups. In Federal government, coaching is utilized to address professional or business-related challenges. Through structured dialogue, coaches assist their coachees to deepen their insights and translate those insights into actions. Coaches apply specific techniques and skills, approaches, and methodologies that enable the coachees to develop their goals and design actions to achieve them. The coachee drives the coaching agenda, and is ultimately responsible for the outcome of the coaching engagement.

### Federal Coaching Network:

The Federal Coaching Network (FCN) is a community of individuals across Government who are invested in the practice of coaching and whole-heartedly support its role in leadership development. The FCN was established in early 2013 in partnership with the Chief Learning Officer's Council.

The FCN promotes a coaching culture within Government by empowering leaders and employees at all levels to practice self-reflection, creativity in problem solving, accountability, and candid and respectful communication. The aim is to cultivate an environment of continuous learning and individual and organizational performance excellence by promoting positive leadership practices.

### How can I find a coach?

The Federal Caching is a community of individuals across government who are invested in the practice of coaching and support its role in leadership development. If you are looking for a coach, please contact your agency POC and Chief Learning Officer (CLO). They can provide you with information on how to find internal or external coaches.

### How do I become a coach?

OPM in partnership with the Chief Learning Officer’s Council (CLOC) supports a multi-agency Federal Internal Coach Training Program (FICTP). The Program currently runs on an annual basis, and participation is coordinated through each agency’s Chief Learning Officer or Training Director.

Through this program, students will acquire a thorough understanding of the philosophical, historical, and ethical foundations of professional coaching and how they are applied within the Federal context. Students will explore the similarities and differences between coaching and related helping disciplines (e.g., mentoring, counseling) and the consideration of the scope of coaching's potential. In addition, they will learn and practice coaching skills in real-time conversations and observe and experience the effect of these skills as a coachee.

If you are interested in attending, or would to learn more about this program, please contact your agency Chief Learning Officer.

### How can employees promote coaching culture without formal coach training?

#### Leader as a Coach

                - It is important for leaders to develop coaching skills so they can help others reach their potential. A leader who leverages coaching techniques will support positive behavior change and develop a growth mindset in his or her employees. When leaders create a coaching culture, the goal is to work with employees to solve performance problems, and improve the work of the employee, team, and the department.

#### Peer Coaching

                - A confidential process where two or more professionals work together to reflect on current practices to expand, refine, build new skills, share ideas and solve problems in the workplace. Each participant acts as both the coach and the coachee, collaborating in a highly focused group. They work together in partnership to address each of the topics or challenges presented.

## Related Information

### Resources

                      - Coaching memo
                      - Federal Coaching network FAQS

### Do you want to join the Federal Coaching Network?

Are you already a coach and looking for coachees in the federal government, contact your agency Point of Contact (POC) to learn more on joining the Federal Coaching Network.

# Career Paths

Career paths are an integral part of an effective talent management system. They can inform workforce planning, recruitment, retention, training and development, succession planning, and career development.

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) developed Governmentwide career path guides to support training and development initiatives with respect to occupations identified by the Chief Human Capital Officers Council, Congress or the President. The career path guides provide guidance to Federal agencies interested in creating or enhancing their own career paths for the occupation addressed.

Each career paths guide:
                    - Provides a career progression outline that enables employees to move among and across jobs in the occupation.
                    - Includes success factors that enable individuals to maximize performance and career advancement.
                    - Includes general and technical competencies, which help employees and supervisors plan and sequence appropriate career training and development.
                    - Lists common degrees and certifications the interviewed incumbents of the Federal occupation possess.

The current career path guides available for your use:

## Human Resources

                        -  ClassificationCareer Path Guide 
                        -  CompensationCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Employee BenefitsCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Executive ServicesCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Human Resource DevelopmentCareer Path Guide 
                        -  PolicyCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Information SystemsCareer Path Guide 
                        -  MilitaryCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Performace Management / Employee Relations / Labor RelationsCareer Path Guide 
                        -  Recruitment and PlacementCareer Path Guide 

## Information Technology

                        -  IT Program ManagementCareer Path Guide 

If you have any questions regarding the career path guides, you can contact the Career Paths Team by sending an email to CareerPath@opm.gov.

### Agency Career Path Practices

#### Federal Emergency Management Agency Career Path Tool

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Career Path Tool (CPT) is intended to empower FEMA employees to take their careers into their own hands—to identify career goals based on an understanding of personal and organizational objectives, and to guide development toward attainment of those goals. Using a six-step career development process, the FEMA CPT organizes and structures various career information, allows employees to evaluate current knowledge, skills, and abilities against those recommended at each point along a FEMA career progression. The tool also provides users with training and development resources and guidance to manage their careers.

#### Department of Veterans Affairs' CareerScope Assessment Tool

Veterans may be able to use CareerScope, an online assessment tool, to measure their interests and skill levels. CareerScope also helps Veterans figure out the best career path when they move into civilian life. The tool recommends careers Veterans may enjoy and jobs in which they’re likely to do well. CareerScope also recommends courses or training programs that can help Veterans go after those careers.

#### Department of the Interior's My DOI Career

My DOI Career

#### Cyber Careers Pathways Tool

In support of the nation's cyber workforce, the Federal Cyber Workforce Management and Coordinating Working Group and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's (CISA) Cybersecurity Defense Education and Training Team launched the Cyber Careers Pathways Tool, an interactive resource to explore the NICE Workforce Framework for Cybersecurity (NICE Framework). Working professionals (cyber and non-cyber), employers, students and recent grads can explore 52 different kinds of cyber work based on shared communities, skillsets, specialization, and functions. The tool enables individuals to identify, build, and navigate a potential cyber career pathway by increasing understanding of the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to begin, transition, or advance a cyber career.

## Note:

The agency practices listed in this section should not be inferred as an endorsement by OPM. Agency practices are highlighted for informational purposes only. OPM makes no representation as to the reliability of the materials contained on or which can be accessed in this section. OPM is not responsible for actions taken or not taken based on information contained therein.

## Related Information

                      - OPM’s Multipurpose Occupational Systems Analysis Inventory - Close-Ended (MOSAIC) Studies and Competencies
                      - Workforce Planning
                      - Recruitment
                      - Training & Development
                      - Succession Planning
                      - Career Paths: Charting Courses to Success for Organizations and Their Employees –  Carter, Gary, Kevin Cook and David Dorsey, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009