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 UNITED STATES of AMERICA

 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

 Transcript of the

 Public Hearing on the

 Proposal to Revise the

 National Ambient Air Quality

 Standards for Ozone

 40 CFR Parts 50 and 58

 Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2005-0172

 Thursday, February 4, 2010

 Four Points by Sheraton

 4900 Duckhorn Drive, Natomas Ballroom

 Sacramento, California 95834

From the EPA:

 Lydia Wegman

 Susan Stone

 Elizabeth Adams

 Rory Mays

Spanish-English Language Interpreter:

 Anabel Granados

 Accuracy International
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1 P-R-O-C-E-E-D-I-N-G-S

2 (9:39 a.m.)

3 MS. WEGMAN: I think we'll get

4 started. Good morning, everyone, and thank

5 you for coming to this somewhat far-away

6 location. I appreciate everybody who is here

7 taking the time to come and talk with us this

8 morning about our proposal.

9 What we're talking about today is

10 our proposal to set revised National Ambient

11 Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozone. 

12 This is a reconsideration of a standard that

13 was set in March of 2008. And our

14 Administrator Lisa Jackson decided that she

15 wanted to take another look at that standard,

16 and so we did make a proposal to change it,

17 which was published on January 19th of this

18 year.

19 My name is Lydia Wegman. I am the

20 Director of the Health and Environmental

21 Impacts Division in our Office of Air Quality

22 Planning and Standards, which is part of the
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1 Office of Air and Radiation at EPA. And I

2 have with me Susan Stone, who is part of my

3 office, and our ozone expert; Elizabeth Adams,

4 who is from our Region 9 Office and is the

5 Deputy Director of the Air Division there; and

6 Rory Mays, who works in that office on air

7 quality issues.

8 We are here today to listen to

9 your comments on our proposal to change the

10 primary health-based standards for ozone and

11 the secondary welfare-based standards for

12 ozone. We view this as a very important

13 opportunity for you to comment on our rule,

14 and all of the comments will go into our

15 record and will be reviewed as we review

16 comments that come in in writing as well. So

17 I want to assure you that all of your comments

18 will be taken down by a court reporter, and we

19 very much appreciate her being with us today.

20 If you have questions about the

21 proposal that you want us to clarify, we can

22 try to do that. But, for the most part, we
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1 are here to listen to you today. We don't

2 want to debate or discuss the proposal, we

3 want to hear what you have to say. But if you

4 do have clarifying questions, we are happy to

5 try to answer them.

6 Briefly, what we have proposed and

7 what is the subject of our hearing today, is

8 to set the level of the eight-hour primary

9 standard at a level of .060 to .070 parts per

10 million. And that's a change from what was

11 set in March of 2008 which was a level of.075

12 parts per million.

13 For the secondary standard, or the

14 welfare-based standard, we are proposing a new

15 cumulative seasonal standard, using what is

16 called a W126 form. And we are proposing a

17 level within a range of 7 to 15 parts per

18 million hours.

19 And the Administrator plans to

20 sign the final rule by August 31st of this

21 year.

22 Turning now to the comment
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1 portion. As I said, we will have a written

2 transcript of the hearing and we will be

3 accepting written comments until March 22nd. 

4 And outside, if you are interested in

5 submitting written comments, there is

6 information on how to submit those comments.

7 There is also a list of all the

8 areas on which we have specifically comment

9 requested comment, if that would be helpful to

10 you.

11 The way our hearing will work

12 today is I will call scheduled speakers in

13 pairs and ask you to state your name and

14 affiliation when you come up. And it may be

15 useful to our court reporter if you would

16 spell out your name when you come forward. It

17 will make it easier for her to keep track of

18 who is speaking.

19 We're asking everyone to limit

20 your testimony to five minutes each and to

21 please stay at the microphone until both panel

22 in the pair have finished speaking.
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1 If we have any clarifying

2 questions we will ask them at that time. And

3 if you do have a written version of your

4 comments, please either give them to the court

5 reporter or to us here at the table or someone

6 at the registration table. And we will put

7 the written version of your comments in the

8 docket for you.

9 We have a timekeep- --

10 MR. [SPEAKER]: May I propose a

11 clarifying question?

12 MS. WEGMAN: Excuse me?

13 MR. [SPEAKING]: May I propose a

14 clarifying question?

15 MS. WEGMAN: Yes, you may.

16 MR. [SPEAKER]: I have never seen

17 the term "net hours." Could you say more

18 about what you mean -- 

19 MS. WEGMAN: Yes, I will.

20 MR. [SPEAKER]: -- on that format?

21 MS. WEGMAN: I will. I'm just

22 going to finish walking through the procedure
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1 for the hearing and then I will explain that.

2 MR. [SPEAKER]: Thank you.

3 MS. WEGMAN: Sure.

4 We have a timekeeping system here

5 of red, yellow, and green lights. When you

6 start you will have five minutes and the light

7 will be green. When you have two minutes left

8 to speak, the signal will turn to yellow, and

9 the red light will come on when your five

10 minutes is up. And Elizabeth and Rory will

11 also be trying to keep that track of that as

12 well. And we have these signs to help warn

13 you if you're getting short on time.

14 We will stay and hear anyone who

15 wants to comment as long as they're registered

16 by 7:30 this evening. And we do ask your

17 patience as we move through the list.

18 And I want to thank you all again

19 for participating today. We very much

20 appreciate it.

21 Oh, yes. Thank you, Elizabeth.

22 If anybody is here who needs a
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1 translator into Spanish, we have a Spanish

2 translator present. She's right over there. 

3 So if anyone would feel more comfortable

4 speaking in Spanish, just let us know. We are

5 certainly prepared to handle that.

6 So in response to your question

7 about a parts per million hour standard,

8 unlike the eight-hour standard for people, for

9 plants we are looking at a cumulative period. 

10 We're looking at -- and we're focusing our

11 proposal on a three-month period.

12 And the way this standard works is

13 that we look at each of 12 hours, we're

14 looking at the 12 daylight hours, so for a

15 summer month -- 

16 MR. [SPEAKER]: I read your write17 up.

18 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

19 MR. [SPEAKER]: Something is

20 missing from it.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Well, let me

22 try it, see if it works for you.
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1 So for each hour there will be a

2 value, an ozone value. And this is a weighted

3 form, which means that the higher values get

4 more weight because they have more effect on

5 vegetation ecosystems. So for each day there

6 will be 12 one-hour values. For each month,

7 say 30 days, we'll have a total of 12-hour

8 values for each of the 30 days. And those

9 will be cumulated. Since there is a three10 month standard, we're going to add up the

11 three consecutive highest months. But these

12 are all one-hour values. That is where the

13 hour part comes from.

14 So at the end of the three-month

15 period we will have a parts per million-hour

16 value, because we will have a concentration

17 for each hour and then we'll have the total

18 number of hours. And so it will be a part19 per-million hour standard.

20 MR. [SPEAKER]: Did you leave out

21 the division of the total number of hours in

22 this period?
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Well, it be

2 ultimately -- I don't have it right in front

3 of me, but -- here, go ahead, Susan.

4 MS. STONE: Yeah, there is

5 actually no division. It's just on the

6 accumulation of hours, ppm hours.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Yes.

8 MS. STONE: Yes.

9 MS. [SPEAKER]: So that we don't

10 know the hours...

11 MS. STONE: No, it is not an

12 average.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Yes.

14 MR. [SPEAKER]: Shouldn't the

15 number then be vastly higher.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Well, if you look at

17 the concentrations and the way the weighting

18 scheme works, -- and we actually have a

19 presentation, -- 

20 MS. STONE: Have you seen a

21 presentation?

22 MR. [SPEAKER]: No.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: -- which is -- 

2 MS. STONE: Let's bring this.

3 MS. WEGMAN: Well, actually I

4 believe we have them outside as well.

5 MR. [SPEAKER]: I didn't see any.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Yeah, but we'll show

7 you, you can look at it. But it is just a

8 cumulative standard. So then you get three

9 months of cumulative values.

10 MS. STONE: (Gives document to the

11 speaker.)

12 MS. WEGMAN: Yes, and she will

13 show it to you. Yes, definitely.

14 And then, just one other thing, so

15 we get the three-month average per year and

16 then we're averaging it over three years. So

17 it is divided by the three year, it is

18 ultimately a three-year average. But we can

19 certainly go over it more. It is not the

20 simplest thing to understand, so --

21 MR. [SPEAKER]: Neither is the

22 eight-hour standard.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: That is a lot easier

2 compared to this one, but we're certainly

3 happy to talk more at a break and explain it

4 further.

5 MS. STONE: Yes.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Unless there

7 are any more clarifying questions immediately,

8 we'll get started. So the first two speakers

9 are David Dodge and Dr. Stephen Maxwell.

10 If you would sit over there, yes,

11 that would be great. And, again, decide who's

12 going to go first. You can just spell your

13 name. Spell your name for the court reporter.

14 MR. DODGE: Good morning. My name

15 is David Dodge. That's D-a-v-i-d D-o-d-g-e. 

16 Shall I go ahead and official start?

17 MS. WEGMAN: (Nods.)

18 MR. DODGE: I'm a toxicologist at

19 Gradient and I'm speaking today on behalf of

20 the American Petroleum Institute and I'll be

21 discussing some considering regarding the

22 clinical and the epidemiological data.
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1 After careful analysis of EPA's

2 rationale for the proposed reconsideration of

3 the 2008 ozone standard, it is evidence that

4 the controlled human exposure and epidemiology

5 studies relied on by EPA do not support a

6 lowering of the ozone standard.

7 At the time of the 2008

8 rulemaking, it was clear that there were many

9 issues with these studies, and those issues

10 still remain. I will start first with the

11 controlled-human-exposure studies. These do

12 not support an association between ozone

13 exposure and adverse respiratory effects below

14 .08 ppm. The studies be Adams of U.C. Davis

15 in 2002 and 2006 were the only controlled16 human-exposure studies available for the 2008

17 rulemaking that examined respiratory effects

18 in healthy exercising subjects at ozone

19 exposures below .08 ppm.

20 Adams' 2002 examined exposures to

21 filtered air at .04, .08, and .12 ppm and

22 reported no effects on lung function at .04
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1 ppm. Adams' 2006 examined exposure responses

2 to filtered air at .04, .06, and .08 ppm ozone

3 over 6.6 hours and reported a group mean

4 decrement in a lung function measure called

5 FEV1 of about 2.8 percent for the 0.06-ppm

6 exposure groups compared to the control group. 

7 This small decrement was attributable to FEV1

8 reductions of greater than 10 percent in 2 of

9 the 30 subjects and was not statistically

10 significantly different from the control

11 group, according to the author.

12 Even if the group mean decrement

13 in FEV1 at exposure to 0.06-ppm ozone was

14 statistically significant, it is not of

15 sufficient magnitude to be considered an

16 adverse effect according to EPA, based on

17 recommendations by the American Thoracic

18 Society, which considers an individual decline

19 of less than 15-percent FEV to not be of

20 clinical significance, in part, because of the

21 large variability of FEV measures, even in

22 unexposed groups.
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1 In addition, EPA's reliance on

2 FEV1 decrements of greater than 10 percent in

3 only 2 individuals out of 30 is not justified

4 scientificly. Day-to-day variability and

5 baseline pulmonary function and many other

6 factors could account for this small FEV1

7 change. This is evidenced by the fact that

8 for a number of other individuals, a small

9 increase in pulmonary function is reported. 

10 Again, this is not likely attributable to

11 ozone exposure but, rather, results from

12 normal variability that occurs even with

13 filtered-air exposure.

14 In public comments in 2007, Dr.

15 Adams himself expressed the view that the

16 results of his study should not be interpreted

17 as demonstrating respiratory effects of

18 exposure to .06-ppm ozone. Thus, the Adams'

19 2006 data should not be used as positive

20 evidence on lung function decrements at any

21 ozone level below .08 ppm.

22 The epidemiological evidence for
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1 short-term health effects of ozone also does

2 not support causality at levels below .08 ppm. 

3 Studies that used ambient monitors as

4 surrogates for personal ozone exposures

5 introduce substantial uncertainty because of

6 the weak correlation between the two,

7 confounding by copollutants, particularly PM2.5

8 is also an issue, as very few epidemiology

9 studies of ozone included PM2.5 as a potential

10 confounder. In addition, EPA's assessment of

11 the epidemiological evidence uses risk

12 estimates that are not statistically

13 significant as evidence for a positive

14 association. EPA also ignored certain

15 negative studies in favor of those with

16 positive results.

17 In conclusion, the many issues

18 inherent to human clinical and epidemiology

19 studies relied on by EPA as evidence for the

20 2008 rulemaking still remain in the proposed

21 reconsideration. The human data are too

22 limited to support an ozone standard at any
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1 level below .08 ppm. The epidemiological

2 evidence for short-term health effects of

3 ozone is weak, methodologically flawed, and

4 not appropriately assessed by EPA. Neither

5 support and association between short term

6 exposures to ozone and adverse effects at

7 levels below .08 ppm.

8 Thanks.

9 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you very

10 much.

11 MR. DODGE: How did I do on time?

12 MS. STONE: Good.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Well done.

14 DR. MAXWELL: Thank you. My name

15 is Stephen Maxwell, S-t-e-p-h-e-n. I'm here

16 representing the American Lung Association of

17 California. I'm also a thoracic surgeon

18 regionally here.

19 Respected panel members, I'm

20 speaking today not only on behalf of the

21 American Lung Association of California but

22 also as a physician who treats lung disease. 
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1 We voice our strong support of the EPA's

2 proposal to strengthen National Air Quality

3 Standards for ozone and restore it to level

4 that is compatible with the safeguard of

5 public health.

6 Hundreds of well-constructed

7 scientific studies and recommendations of

8 expert organizations have come to an

9 unmistakable conclusion: The current standard

10 of ozone at 75 parts per billion is unhealthy

11 for all and incompatible with the mandates of

12 the Clean Air Act.

13 Ozone, as we know, is one of the

14 most common airborne environmental pollutants. 

15 It causes direct injury to the airways, even

16 a small concentration. It affects everyone

17 who breathes it, but is especially harmful to

18 infants, children, those with chronic lung

19 disease, and the elderly. Nearly half of the

20 population of Sacramento falls into one of

21 these sensitive groups. However, no one is

22 immune to its effects and anyone who works or
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1 plays outdoors on a bad air day soon feels its

2 painful, constricting sensation in their

3 chest.

4 Increasing amount of ozone in the

5 air is highly correlated with increasing

6 numbers of emergency room visits and

7 hospitalizations for respiratory

8 complications. Asthma in children is

9 intensely exacerbated by it and countless

10 school absences.

11 In California, where we have some

12 of the most polluted air in the country, over

13 19,000 premature deaths each year can be

14 attributed to unhealthy air. As a result of

15 lost revenue and health expenditures, our

16 state loses billions of dollars annually

17 because of air pollution.

18 Children exposed to long-term

19 ozone fail to develop normal adult lungs. 

20 Every day in my practice in encounter people

21 of all ages whose quality of life varies

22 directly with the quality of the air they
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1 breathe. The current acceptable level of

2 ozone at 75 parts per billion was established

3 arbitrarily by the last administration, in

4 opposition to the recommendations of their own

5 independent scientific advisors. It was set

6 with reckless disregard to the best scientific

7 evidence available. It is clear that 75 parts

8 per billion is unacceptably harmful to the

9 general population and is inconsistent with

10 the provisions of the Clean Air Act that

11 demands an adequate margin of public safety.

12 The proposed range of 60 to 70

13 parts per billion is unquestionably am

14 improvement to the current standard. The

15 toxicity of ozone varies directly with

16 concentration. Still a substantial body of

17 evidence shows that many susceptible

18 individuals are adversely affected by ozone

19 concentrations within this range. The

20 American Lung Association of California

21 strongly recommends setting a National Air

22 Quality Standard at the lowest end of this
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1 range: 60 parts per billion, as the best way

2 to provide an adequate margin of public safety

3 by protecting our most vulnerable citizens.

4 The higher standard of air quality

5 is not supported not only by the American Lung

6 Association but also the EPA's own Children's

7 Health Protection Advisory Committee and the

8 Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee. It

9 is further supported by independent

10 organizations like:

11 The American Medical Association,

12 the American Thoracic Society -- of which I'm

13 a member, the American Academy of Pediatrics,

14 International Society for Environmental

15 Epidemiology, the American College of

16 Preventive Medicine, the American College of

17 Chest Physicians, the American College of

18 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the

19 American Association of Cardiovascular and

20 Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the National

21 Association for the Medical Direction of

22 Respiratory Care, the Asthma and Allergy
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1 Foundation of America, and also in particular

2 the World Health Organization which uniquely

3 recommends the most rigorous standard of all

4 at 51 parts per billion.

5 We appreciate and applaud the

6 EPA's reconsideration of the current ozone

7 standard. It shows a respectable commitment

8 to public safety based on sound scientific

9 evidence. Vigorous implementation of the

10 higher air quality standard will save lives,

11 reduce suffering, promote the healthy

12 development of our children, and also save

13 significant amounts of money. The higher

14 standard makes ethical and economic sense.

15 Thank you very much.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. Just a

17 couple of quick questions. You said there are

18 over 19,000 premature deaths attributable to

19 air pollution in California. If you have any

20 support for that, any study or anything that

21 you can point to, that would be helpful.

22 DR. MAXWELL: I could provide that
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1 for you.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Yes, that

3 would be great. And I just wondered, the list

4 of health organizations that support a tighter

5 standard, are they all in support of 60 parts

6 per million -- parts per billion? Excuse me.

7 DR. MAXWELL: To the best of my

8 knowledge, they support the current proposed

9 range of 60 to 70 parts per billion. I can

10 only speak on behalf of the American Lung

11 Association of California, which supports the

12 lowest end of that range, 60 parts per

13 billion.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Very good. 

15 Thank you.

16 MS. STONE: Thank you.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you both very

18 much.

19 Our next speakers are Michelle

20 Marinelli and Susan Smith.

21 Is Susan Smith here?

22 MR. [SPEAKER]: Yes, she is.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

2 Okay, all right. I'm sorry about

3 that. Okay. Is Michael Gardner here? Okay,

4 thank you.

5 MS. MARINELLI: Excellent. Good

6 morning.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Good morning.

8 MS. MARINELLI: My name is

9 Michelle, M-i-c-h-e-l-l-e M-a-r-i-n-e-l-l-i. 

10 I'm a Program Manager for SGS Testcom, Inc. 

11 On behalf of SGS Testcom, I am grateful for

12 the opportunity to offer testimony in support

13 of new proposed National Ambient Air Quality

14 Standards for ozone.

15 In the United States through our

16 Automotive Division SGS Testcom has been in

17 the motor vehicle inspection and maintenance,

18 I/M, industry since 1994. I/M is a state19 operated program designed to ensure that

20 vehicles stay clean after they leave the

21 factory and are in use by the driving public. 

22 Inspections check whether the emission-control
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1 system on a vehicle is working correctly

2 through periodic emissions-performance checks

3 and repairs for those vehicles that fail

4 emissions tests. I/M encourages proper

5 vehicle maintenance and discourages tampering

6 with emission-control devices.

7 SGS Testcom is currently involved

8 in the operation of the largest I/M programs

9 in the nation for the states of California and

10 New York. Additionally, we work with the

11 Commonwealths of Virginia and Massachusetts

12 and the state of New Jersey.

13 The I/M industry has dedicated

14 extraordinary efforts over the past two

15 decades researching, developing, and improving

16 technology that has provided efficient,

17 effective, and convenient vehicle-emissions

18 inspections. We are dedicated to the success

19 of this industry nationwide and throughout the

20 world through operation of similar programs in

21 other countries and participation in groups

22 such as CITA, an international nonprofit motor
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1 vehicle inspection committee.

2 We have been steadfast supporters

3 of EPA and I/M program regulations. 

4 Furthermore, our commitment to the I/M

5 industry, including efforts toward developing

6 technological advances, knowledgeable teams,

7 and ongoing research, will continue to provide

8 EPA the support required to ensure successful

9 implementation of new regulations and more

10 effective vehicle-inspection programs.

11 Vehicles are the primary source of

12 pollutants that are precursors of ground-level

13 ozone. I/M programs are the face to the

14 motoring public and conduit through which EPA

15 regulations are implemented, maintained, and

16 achieved. These programs help ensure that

17 vehicles are operating as efficiently as they

18 were designed, maintained properly, and do not

19 exacerbate or accelerate production of harmful

20 pollution to the environment.

21 For mobile sources, I/M programs

22 continue to provide the most cost-effective
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1 method for reducing ground-level ozone. The

2 main goal of ozone standards is certainly

3 maintaining and improving air quality which

4 provides increased health benefits for

5 everyone, especially children, athletes, and

6 individuals with respiratory issues. However,

7 it is vital to understand that the benefits of

8 our industry reach far beyond ensuring good

9 air quality standards.

10 Due to the regulations under the

11 Clean Air Act and the nature of being self12 funded, our industry provides continuous

13 economic stimulus. The I/M industry maintains

14 stable employment opportunities for a vast

15 number of people without being subject to

16 state or federal budget challenges or arm17 wrestling for appropriations during budget

18 negotiations.

19 The I/M industry has played an

20 integral role in providing a solid cornerstone

21 for employment opportunities and economic

22 benefits to local and state economies through
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1 supporting industries such as inspection

2 stations, repair shops, and technical schools. 

3 In New York alone the emission-inspection

4 industry provides nearly 50,000 jobs for

5 inspectors.

6 Here in California the Smog Check

7 Program accounts for employing upwards of

8 40,000 inspectors and numerous repair

9 technicians and others in related industries.

10 The inspection maintenance

11 industry is the epitome of a functional,

12 successful, and longstanding public-private

13 partnership. We support EPA's efforts toward

14 reducing the National Ambient Air Quality

15 Standards for Ozone and look forward to

16 continuing to work together to help ensure

17 good air quality for everyone today and for

18 future generations.

19 Thank you.

20 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

21 MS. STONE: Yes, I do have one

22 question. Do you support a particular level
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1 within the range or you just support the

2 proposed range?

3 MS. MARINELLI: In general.

4 MS. STONE: Thank you.

5 MR. GARDNER: Good morning. My

6 name is Michael Gardner, M-i-c-h-a-e-l

7 G-a-r-d-n-e-r. And I'm the president of Great

8 American Mercantile Company Incorporated and

9 we own a number of different retail stores in

10 the San Francisco Bay Area. I am thankful for

11 the opportunity to share the position of the

12 American Lung Association on the EPA's

13 proposed National Air Quality Standards for

14 Ozone. 

15 I have been a volunteer with the

16 American Lung Association for more than 25

17 years and I am now a member of its National

18 Board of Directors. Less than 10 years ago,

19 the Lung Association's work for fighting for

20 clean, healthy air became very personal to me

21 when my 29-year-old nephew Aaron died from

22 asthma.
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1 The American Lung Association

2 fights to keep other 29-year-olds alive

3 through the prevention of lung disease and the

4 promotion of lung health. The Lung

5 Association understands that stronger National

6 Ambient Air Quality Standards are essential to

7 that quest. National Air Quality Standards

8 play a critical role in our nation's efforts

9 to clean up air pollution. The Lung

10 Association is pleased that the EPA is

11 reconsidering the Ozone Standards and looking

12 at the range of recommendations made by its

13 Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee and as

14 well by expert scientists, public health and

15 medical societies.

16 Our position is simple: The

17 American Lung Association urges the EPA to

18 adopt a primary National Ambient Air Quality

19 Standard for Ozone of 60 parts per billion

20 averaged over eight hours.

21 The Clean Air Act requires the EPA

22 to set a standard that protects public health
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1 with an adequate margin of safety. That

2 involves two important things: First, it

3 means the EPA should follow the very clear and

4 unanimous recommendation from the EPA's Clean

5 Air Scientific Advisory Committee. These 23

6 highly-regarded independent air pollution

7 experts support a standard within the range

8 the EPA is considering. This unanimous

9 recommendation for lower standard is

10 unprecedented, but from my perspective not

11 surprising, especially after learning how they

12 went about making their decision.

13 The expert scientists reviewed

14 over 1700 studies. And, as they did, the

15 evidence of the harm that ozone can do to

16 people with lung diseases, such as asthma and

17 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

18 children, older people, and people who

19 exercise or work outdoors was obvious. Other

20 studies that the committee examined tracked

21 ozone pollution in dozens of cities across the

22 nation and found the ozone levels need to be
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1 much, much lower.

2 One thing that struck me was the

3 study that the scientists examined found that

4 healthy adults could be harmed if they breathe

5 ozone at concentrations much, much lower than

6 the current standard. It was clear to them

7 and it's clear to me what needs to be done. 

8 In 2008 the EPA selected an adequate standard

9 -- inadequate standard, -- sorry -- one that

10 fails to protect public health.

11 In light of that decision the

12 members of this expert team of scientists

13 wrote the Administrator, urging that the next

14 time the standard was up for review, the

15 Administrator should follow the advice of this

16 committee and select a more protective Air

17 Quality Standard. Thankfully, EPA has an

18 opportunity to do that now.

19 Second, the law states that EPA

20 must select a standard that protects public

21 health with a margin of safety. Because the

22 risk is too great, researchers can't test
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1 children or people with more serious asthma in

2 a lab. That is why the requirement for a

3 margin of safety is included, because we must

4 protect those who can't protect themselves and

5 need the protection the most.

6 The American Lung Association and

7 other groups, including the American Medical

8 Association, the American Academy of

9 Pediatrics, the American Thoracic Society, and

10 the American Public Health Association, urge

11 you to provide that extra layer of protection

12 for people with asthma, like my nephew, and

13 set the standard at 60 parts per billion.

14 Outdoor air had a tremendous

15 impact on my nephew Aaron and his asthma. He

16 grew up outside of Philadelphia and because

17 his breathing problems were so bad, he moved

18 to Arizona in the hopes that the different

19 climate would help him breathe easier. Well,

20 it didn't work, and his job transferred him to

21 Florida. And shortly after he got to Florida

22 he succumbed to asthma. Excuse me.
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1 Smog creates breathing problems,

2 aggravates asthma, and increases need for

3 emergency and hospital care. Children who

4 must breathe unhealthy levels of ozone every

5 summer may risk that their lungs do not

6 develop their full function, a risk that can

7 threaten the health and the rest of their

8 lives. For some, ozone threatens premature

9 death.

10 EPA has a legal requirement to set

11 the standard where it protects the health of

12 the public, including children, with an

13 adequate margin of safety. A tighter, more

14 protective ozone standard is the only way to

15 reach that goal.

16 On behalf of the American Lung

17 Association, I urge you to adopt a

18 substantially stronger ozone standard. Quite

19 literally, people depend on you to ensure they

20 can breathe.

21 Thank you again for your

22 consideration.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much. 

2 I'm very sorry about your nephew. And thank

3 you very much.

4 MR. GARDNER: Thank you.

5 Did I do it in five?

6 MS. STONE: You did it.

7 MS. WEGMAN: You did.

8 MR. GARDNER: Thank you.

9 MS. WEGMAN: Sorry, we don't mean

10 to make this a run-through.

11 Okay. Do you have a question,

12 sir?

13 MR. [SPEAKER]: I do, on the

14 recommendation. Did you go through the

15 standards so people understand what that's

16 about?

17 MS. WEGMAN: You know we actually

18 did that, I think, before you came in. And

19 what I would like to do, if you don't mind,

20 we're happy to do it again, but actually what

21 I'd like to do is at break. We'll take a

22 break probably, I don't know, maybe in about
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1 an hour, and if you can stay we'll walk

2 through it with those who are interested. If

3 that would be okay, if we could -- okay. 

4 Thank you. But we're happy to walk through it

5 with you.

6 Chrissy Scarborough and Donna

7 Watson. Are they here?

8 Okay. Thank you. Donna's coming

9 forward.

10 Okay, go ahead.

11 MS. SCARBOROUGH: My name is

12 Chrissy Scarborough. For the record, it's

13 Christina Scarborough. You spell it S-c-a-r14 b-o-r-o-u-g-h and Christina with a C-h.

15 And I work for the Sierra Club's

16 Beyond Coal Campaign. But I am here more as

17 a representative who has been deeply affected

18 by our air quality. At the age of 12 I was

19 diagnosed with asthma. It was exercise20 induced asthma. And I was given an inhaler to

21 just use when I was exercising.

22 I then moved to Los Angeles. 
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1 Since arriving in Los Angeles, where the ozone

2 is significantly higher, I have been placed on

3 three asthma medications. I cannot live

4 without taking three medications daily.

5 So I personally am deeply impacted

6 by this. I believe the EPA is making the

7 right decision in moving to the safest

8 standard for children at 60 parts per billion. 

9 It is deeply important that we make these

10 decisions for our children. Children

11 shouldn't have to stay inside. They should be

12 able to go outside. They should be able to

13 play in the streets. They shouldn't have to

14 stay indoors.

15 As a Sierra Club member I've had

16 the opportunity to go on outings and to take

17 college students and high school students on

18 hikes. When we have asthma, we can't do the

19 same kinds of things we would want to do. We

20 can't go hike up a mountain, because our lung

21 capacity is simply not there. So I strongly

22 support the EPA's decision.
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1 There are many studies that show

2 that this decision is the right one to do. 

3 The costs to industry, I mean what are the

4 costs to our health? The money we save in

5 remitting asthma and health diseases is equal

6 -- it's far better if we can stop it at the

7 point of creation. So, basically, everyone

8 who is affected by asthma, -- like we have to

9 go to the doctor all the time. We have to pay

10 for medication all the time.

11 The families who are most impacted

12 by the bad air are in the poorest communities. 

13 In Los Angeles it's the people who live by the

14 ports who are most impacted by the air

15 quality. 

16 Someone once told me, "Oh, if you

17 don't like the air, then just move." We heard

18 what happens when someone moves, it didn't

19 help. That person still died. You can't

20 move, the air is everywhere. This is why it's

21 so wonderful that you're having this hearing,

22 it's because this is a federal issue. We all
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1 share the same air. It's not like we can

2 move. We have to do something about this now. 

3 We have to do something for our children.

4 So I strongly ask you to support

5 the 60-parts-per-billion rule. Thank you.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

7 MS. WATSON: I'm Donna Watson,

8 D-o-n-n-a W-a-t-s-o-n, and I'm really grateful

9 for this hearing. My daughter has asthma so

10 bad that some, maybe five years ago she went

11 to the ER twice. The first time she was at

12 her boyfriend's in his room by herself, she

13 couldn't even move and try to get somebody to

14 help. Finally, there was somebody that came

15 in the room and he took her to the emergency

16 room.

17 And then a few months later she

18 was with her boyfriend at Fry's and she

19 collapsed and he called 911. An ambulance

20 took her and he came and got me and took me to

21 the hospital. The first time she had to have

22 a nebulizer treatment.
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1 And this is a result of -- she saw

2 an allergist for a while. Her asthma is

3 caused by allergic triggers, physical,

4 infectious, irritant triggers, and exercise. 

5 And her test, this is at 18 years old, the

6 interpretation is: Possible early obstructive

7 pulmonary impairment. This is suggested by

8 the reduced FEV25 to 75 with a normal FVC and

9 FEV1. This finding can be due to a mild

10 degree of small airway disease and/or the

11 earliest stages of emphysema.

12 My daughter's 18 years old at this

13 testing. And the word "emphysema" pops up. 

14 She's too young for this. And I've seen her

15 struggling breathing. It's so much worse in

16 the summertime. Mine is really bad too. I

17 have trouble walking to the bus stop.

18 It really scares me because she's

19 had situations where she's been followed by

20 strange people and she ran home and she just

21 collapsed in a chair. I am afraid of

22 violence. Violence has touched my family too
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1 many times. And for her to -- I'm constantly

2 worried. With crime rising, and for her to

3 not be able to run, I'm afraid she'll just

4 collapse and then what would happen.

5 It's just gotten so much worse

6 over the summer. We were living in a suburb

7 of Chicago when we moved here almost 14 and a

8 half years, it was so horribly polluted there. 

9 And then we came here and we could breathe. 

10 And we could see the mountains with the snow

11 on top. And it was just like an opening like

12 in our chest. And then things got worse. And

13 I get where my throat wants to -- it tightens

14 and I get pain in here (pointing to her

15 chest). And I have heart issues too. I have

16 angina, two different irregular heartbeats,

17 and hypertension.

18 It just really -- I feel like I'm

19 going to collapse too at times. And I just

20 hope that this will pass, that this -- I

21 really do. And I'd like to see in schools too

22 asthma screening, because there are children
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1 who are in sports, who are singing, dancing,

2 and I have seen they struggle with their

3 breath.

4 So thank you very much.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

6 -- 

7 MS. STONE: Thank you.

8 MS. WEGMAN: -- for coming today. 

9 We appreciate it.

10 MS. WATSON: You're welcome.

11 MS. WEGMAN: We appreciate it.

12 Michaeleen Mason and William

13 Davis.

14 MS. STONE: Yes.

15 MR. DAVIS: (Distributes copies of

16 his testimony to the staff.)

17 MS. WEGMAN: Sure, we'd be very

18 happy to have them. And did you give one to

19 the court reporter?

20 MR. DAVIS: I did.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

22 MR. DAVIS: An opportunity to
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1 trip.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Yes, be careful. 

3 There are a lot of cords around here.

4 MS. STONE: Yes.

5 MS. MASON: Good morning.

6 MS. STONE: Good morning.

7 MS. MASON: My name is Michaeleen

8 Mason, the Director of Climate Change Policy

9 with the Western States Petroleum Association. 

10 We are a trade association -- oh.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Yeah, could you just

12 spell your name? Thank you.

13 MS. MASON: M-a-s-o-n. Do you

14 need to -- M-i-c-h-a-e-l-e-e-n M-a-s-o-n.

15 We are a trade association

16 representing 27 companies that explore or

17 produce, refine, transport, and market

18 petroleum, petroleum products, natural gas,

19 and other energy products in California and

20 five other western states. Our organization

21 is dedicated to working towards ensuring that

22 consumers continue to have reliable access to
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1 petroleum and petroleum products through

2 policies that are socially, economically, and

3 environmentally responsible.

4 We recognize the importance of

5 clean air and working with both federal and

6 state agencies to meet the shared goals to

7 achieve the National Air Quality Standards. 

8 I think we all can agree that air quality has

9 clearly improved over the past 20 years as a

10 result of stringent implementation of

11 stationary and mobile-source control measures,

12 including the petroleum industry producing

13 cleaner gasoline and diesel fuels that have

14 resulted in dramatic improvements in air

15 quality.

16 Based on EPA's own data, emissions

17 from the six criteria air pollutants have

18 dropped by 60 percent between 1970 and 2008,

19 while mobile-source vehicle mileage has gone

20 up 163 percent. These achievements are

21 notable and we believe should be recognized

22 for the great progress we have made and will
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1 continue to make with further reductions.

2 However, despite these

3 achievements we are here today to question

4 EPA's technical and policy basis for

5 recommending yet another tightening of the

6 ozone standard, a standard that was lowered

7 less than 21 months ago from 80 parts per

8 billion to 75 parts per billion.

9 You have heard from other speakers

10 at other hearings you have held that have

11 questioned the scientific basis EPA is using

12 to justify a lower standard, and WSPA concurs

13 with them. We do not believe that there is

14 any new science or technical basis to justify

15 a further tightening of the ozone standard at

16 this time.

17 Should EPA decide to move forward

18 and tighten the standard to the lower end of

19 their proposal, it will significantly increase

20 the number of nonattainment areas from 75

21 monitored counties to 650 monitored counties. 

22 This will have a dramatic impact not only in
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1 these areas but also areas here in California

2 that are already struggling just to attend the

3 older 80 parts-per-billion standard, let alone

4 the 75-parts-per-billion standard adopted in

5 2008.

6 In closing, WSPA urges EPA to

7 reconsider the need to tighten the ozone

8 standard further, especially since the

9 standard was already tightened less than 21

10 months ago. We also urge EPA to consider the

11 regulatory cascade of both state and federal

12 regulations the regulated industry is

13 currently facing in today's current economic

14 environment.

15 For example, I'm sure you're aware

16 that EPA is in the process of promulgating

17 first-time greenhouse-gas stationary source

18 regulations that will require affected

19 facilities that are planning to build new

20 facilities or expand existing ones to obtain

21 a first-time greenhouse-gas permit. And here

22 in California WSPA members, as well as other
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1 source industries, will be working to meet

2 AB32 greenhouse-gas emission reductions.

3 These regulations as well as other

4 requirements, such as the recently-established

5 one-hour nitrogen oxide standard, will impact

6 the ability for the regulated community to

7 continue to operate both here and in

8 California and across the nation. EPA should

9 maintain the ozone standard at the level it

10 tightened to less than 21 months ago: 75

11 parts per billion.

12 Thank you for the opportunity to

13 provide these comments.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. I do just

15 want to note for clarification, I think you're

16 well aware of this, that when we set the

17 standards we set them on the basis of science

18 and it's a science policy judgment and we

19 don't take into account the implementation

20 costs that are associated with meeting the

21 standard. That's taken into account in the

22 implementation phase. I certainly understand
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1 what you're saying, but I just want to make

2 sure we were clear on that point.

3 MR. DAVIS: Good morning.

4 MS. WEGMAN: Good morning.

5 MR. DAVIS: My name is Bill Davis.

6 Surely you don't need that

7 spelled.

8 THE REPORTER: (Shakes head.)

9 MR. DAVIS: And I'm the Executive

10 Vice President of the Southern California

11 Contractors Association. I want to welcome

12 all of you to California. Unfortunately we're

13 not having a Chamber of Commerce today, so

14 there is no blue skies and sunshine for you.

15 SCCA represents more than 300

16 union signatory contractors and companies who

17 service and supply them, largely in the 12

18 counties of Southern California. Our members,

19 before the construction depression struck,

20 employed more than 15,000 union construction

21 workers, mechanics, and support personal. 

22 People who have high wages and good benefits. 
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1 And now that number has been cut in half.

2 We are also the Southern

3 California state chapter of the American Road

4 and Transportation Builders Association, the

5 National Clean Water Construction Association,

6 and we're founding members of the Construction

7 Industry Air Quality Coalition. We have been

8 engaged in environmental work for quite a

9 while.

10 I'd like to begin my statement by

11 thanking the committee for the opportunity to

12 speak at today's public hearing regarding the

13 reconsideration of the 2008 National Ambient

14 Air Quality Standards for Ozone. We really

15 appreciate folks from Washington making the

16 trip out here. And, in fact, we invite you to

17 do it quite frequently.

18 According to your Administrator

19 Lisa Jackson, the purpose for reviewing this

20 standard is to ensure that they are

21 scientifically sound and protective of public

22 health and the environment. In assisting to
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1 achieve this goal, SCCA would like to provide

2 a unique perspective on a recommendation for

3 tightening the current ozone standards.

4 The stated goal of reviewing the

5 standard is to improve public health and the

6 environment. It's a commendable objective,

7 one that we support. EPA, however, must

8 balance some of its actions against other

9 federal initiatives. One of the key ones that

10 we wanted to discuss this morning is the

11 highway program. Failure to meet EPA

12 standards for a given area, a county or a

13 state, can result in the loss of highway

14 funds. And, in fact, 42,000 people die on

15 U.S. highways every year, many federally16 funded highway improvements are designed

17 specifically to address safety issues.

18 A study issues recently, this past

19 year, said that more people died from

20 inadequately-designed roads, from unsafe

21 roads, than from drunk driving or speeding

22 combined. So it's mission critical for our
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1 public health as well to make sure we continue

2 to work on improving our existing roads and

3 increasing capacity where it will reduce air

4 pollution.

5 In considering the new ozone

6 standards it's important to note that your own

7 reports have indicated an overall decline in

8 ozone pollution over the past 35 years. This

9 decline has occurred despite overwhelming

10 growth in population, vehicle miles traveled,

11 energy consumption, and growth of the economy

12 -- even though we don't feel like it's growing

13 much now.

14 EPA reported last year that

15 between 1980 and 2008 gross domestic product

16 increased 126 percent, vehicle miles traveled

17 increased 91 percent, energy consumption

18 increased 29 percent, and the population grew

19 34 percent. Huge, huge growth factors. But

20 at the same time the six principal air

21 pollutants dropped by a combined 54 percent. 

22 We are making progress on the air.
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1 And those of us who are from

2 California, and I'm from San Pedro, which is

3 in the harbor of Los Angeles, know that. We

4 are down to a record number of low days on air

5 quality alerts in our area now.

6 There is one question that's not

7 in my prepared comments that I'd like to ask,

8 and that is, related to your health studies,

9 epidemiological studies, generally to be

10 considered meaningful, have what's known as a

11 relative risk factor of 2. In other words,

12 twice as many people are affected by the

13 pollutant or the cause of disease than not.

14 Do you have any of your studies

15 that have a relative risk factor of 2 or more? 

16 Or do you know?

17 MS. STONE: There are a wide range

18 of risk estimates and not all of them are in

19 relative risk, some of them are odds ratios.

20 MR. DAVIS: Right.

21 MS. STONE: And so that's kind of

22 like comparing apples and oranges.
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1 MR. DAVIS: Well, -- 

2 MS. STONE: Typically the effects

3 estimates are smaller, but the important

4 consideration is that they are consistent. 

5 And these pollutants are widespread -- 

6 MR. DAVIS: Are any of the studies

7 demonstrating a relative risk of 2 or greater?

8 MS. STONE: I can't answer that

9 question.

10 MS. WEGMAN: And I just want to

11 observe that our Clean Air Scientific Advisory

12 Committee of independent experts felt that the

13 overall body of scientific evidence was

14 sufficiently strong to recommend a level of

15 .070, and even if the relative risk factor was

16 not as high as 2, which it is not in all

17 studies -- 

18 MR. DAVIS: We appreciate that

19 factor. However, federal courts require a

20 relative risk ratio of 2 or greater.

21 MS. WEGMAN: I don't believe

22 that's the case.
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1 MR. DAVIS: Yes. I'll be happy to

2 provide you all the standards of --

3 MS. WEGMAN: Yes, if you would.

4 MR. DAVIS: -- the standards of

5 evidence on that.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

7 MR. DAVIS: And -- 

8 MS. WEGMAN: If you can show us

9 the case where that -- 

10 MR. DAVIS: I will be more than

11 happy to.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

13 MR. DAVIS: All right. And, in

14 concluding, I thank you all for your attention

15 and opportunity. I notice there are a lot of

16 young people here today speak and I think

17 that's wonderful. I remember being part of

18 the March of Dimes when I was young and active

19 in things like that. So I'm glad that you're

20 having this hearing and we appreciate our

21 chance to have a turn at the bat.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Now I have one
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1 question for you, -- 

2 MR. DAVIS: Sure.

3 MS. WEGMAN: -- if I could, Mr.

4 Davis. Are you in opposition to what we have

5 proposed or -- 

6 MR. DAVIS: We in the construction

7 industry have a lot of tools at our disposal,

8 it seems to us the government only has the

9 hammer, and we'd like to -- if you're going to

10 impose this kind of standard, we'd like to see

11 you test it. We'd like to see it tested in

12 specific geographic regions, see if there is

13 an actual benefit from imposing the standard. 

14 If not, as other people have discussed, this

15 is going to affect 96 percent of the counties

16 that are -- monitored counties in the country. 

17 And none of them will meet the standard.

18 If the epidemiological evidence

19 proves that there is this health risk, then we

20 support working toward reducing it. But we'd

21 like to see testing. If this was an FDA

22 hearing, a Food and Drug Administration
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1 hearing, the people involved would have gone

2 through exhaustive testing before they brought

3 their product to the market.

4 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. And I just

5 want to make one other part so we're clear on

6 this.

7 MR. DAVIS: Certainly.

8 MS. WEGMAN: As far as federal

9 funding of highways, there's no sanction as

10 far as a cutoff of federal funding for failure

11 to meet a standard. That would only come into

12 play after 24 months if a state has not

13 submitted an approvable plan. So I just want

14 to be clear that -- 

15 MR. DAVIS: We're aware of that.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

17 MR. DAVIS: But we're aware that

18 it has also happened in the past, so we're

19 concerned about it. And we're concerned about

20 it for the reasons that we state in our

21 testimony and also in this state because we

22 have such enormous needs for improvements and
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1 such limited financial capacity now. 

2 California is being drummed into the ground by

3 its own incapacity in handling state

4 government financing. And our needs enormous. 

5 We have half a billion dollars worth of

6 construction needs in the state and we have a

7 construction budget for highways of about $6

8 billion a year [sic]. We'll never get there

9 from here.

10 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you.

11 MS. STONE: Thank you.

12 MR. DAVIS: Thank you all very

13 much.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

15 Our next speakers are Shelley

16 Green and Deborah Drechsler.

17 DR. GREEN: My name is Shelley

18 Green. That's S-h-e-l-l-e-y G-r-e-e-n. And

19 I'm a Research Scientist for the Office of

20 Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, also

21 called OEHHA. We are a board of California

22 EPA and we make health-based recommendations
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1 to the Air Resources Board for air quality

2 standards for California.

3 Thank you for giving me the

4 opportunity to testify today in support of

5 U.S. EPA's proposed reconsideration of the

6 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for

7 Ozone.

8 OEHHA is pleased that the

9 Environmental Protection Agency is taking a

10 big step toward cleaner air by proposing to

11 strengthen the National Air Quality Standards

12 for Ozone. Four years ago California reviewed

13 its own ambient air quality standards for

14 ozone. At its hearing in April 2005, the Air

15 Resources Board approved a new eight-hour

16 standard of 70 parts per billion. Thus,

17 California's current eight-hour standard is

18 lower than the eight-hour standard for ozone

19 of 75 parts per billion set by the EPA in

20 2008. That federal standard fell far short of

21 what EPA's staff scientists and independent

22 scientific advisors said was necessary to
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1 protect public health.

2 Since the California review in

3 2004, additional clinical and epidemiologic

4 studies have been published which support an

5 eight-hour standard lower than 70 parts per

6 billion. A new chamber study has indicated

7 effects on lung function in a subset of young,

8 healthy, nonsmoking adults at the 60-part-per9 billion level following a six-and-a-half-hour

10 exposure. Several individuals in this study

11 demonstrated large reductions in lung

12 function.

13 This study did not include any

14 children, elderly individuals, or asthmatic

15 subjects. These more vulnerable individuals

16 would be expected to show even stronger

17 adverse effects.

18 In addition to this chamber study,

19 several new epidemiologic studies have been

20 published since the California review. In a

21 panel study with mean eight-hour ozone

22 exposure of 55 parts per billion, ozone was
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1 associated with difficulty breathing in

2 infants of asthmatic mothers. New studies of

3 ozone in acute mortality have also been

4 published since the California review.

5 Three independent analyses

6 commissioned by EPA examined the effect of

7 ozone exposure on acute mortality in over a

8 hundred cities in the United States and

9 Europe. All three studies reported

10 significant associations between ozone levels

11 and total mortality. One such study conducted

12 in 2006 found significant effects when they

13 limited the data to days when the eight-hour

14 maximum was as low as 61 parts per billion.

15 A study of 98 U.S. communities

16 published in 2008 found higher ozone level

17 mortality effects in communities with higher

18 unemployment, higher fraction of African

19 American population, and lower prevalence of

20 air conditioning. This further demonstrates

21 the greater effect of ozone on the most

22 vulnerable populations.
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1 We need to protect all our

2 citizens from the harmful effects of ozone. 

3 This link between short-term exposure to ozone

4 and premature mortality has been confirmed by

5 the National Research Council, which conducted

6 a review of recent research that was sponsored

7 by the U.S. EPA.

8 In addition, there is now

9 evidence, based on a study using the American

10 Cancer Society cohort of nearly half a million

11 people followed for 18 years, that longer-term

12 exposure to ozone is associated with

13 respiratory mortality.

14 We are pleased that the new

15 administration is reconsidering the ozone

16 standards and has proposed a standard of 60 to

17 70 parts per billion. A standard in this

18 range is in line with the recommendations of

19 the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee

20 and the public health community. EPA's

21 Children's Health Protection Advisory

22 Committee endorsed this range. Our
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1 organization also supports a standard in this

2 range.

3 According to EPA's Benefit

4 Analysis, a standard of 60 parts per billion,

5 for example, would avert several thousand more

6 premature deaths nationwide than the current

7 standard of 75 parts per billion. A standard

8 of 60 would also prevent thousands more asthma

9 attacks in the U.S. than the current standard.

10 Today we are calling on EPA to

11 heed the science on ozone and adopt a final

12 standard of 60 to 70 parts per billion.

13 Thank you very much.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. And if --

15 I think we're aware of the studies you cited,

16 but to the extent you do have comments that

17 specifically have the names of the studies

18 you're citing, it would be helpful to have

19 those in the record.

20 DR. GREEN: Okay.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

22 Deborah
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1 DR. DRECHSLER: Good morning. My

2 name is Deborah Drechsler and that's spelled

3 D-e-b-o-r-a-h D-r-e-c-h-s-l-e-r. And I'm

4 speaking on behalf of the California Air

5 Resources Board.

6 Thank you for the opportunity to

7 submit comments from the California Air

8 Resources Board on the Environmental

9 Protection agency's reconsideration of the

10 level for the National Ambient Air Quality

11 Standard for Ozone. We appreciate the efforts

12 made by the U.S. EPA staff and the

13 Administrator to initiate this

14 reconsideration, as well as the opportunity to

15 contribute our perspective to this important

16 decision.

17 The scientific literature clearly

18 implicates exposure to ambient ozone as a

19 health risk. We have known for decades that

20 ozone exposure is associated with a wide range

21 of adverse health effects, ranging from

22 symptoms of respiratory irritation and
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1 decrements in lung function to

2 hospitalizations for exacerbation of lung

3 diseases and even premature death. Prevention

4 of these adverse effects has been the goal of

5 the ozone standards.

6 Our comments on the standard

7 adopted in 2008 emphasize that the existing

8 ozone NAAQS, an eight-hour average of .08

9 parts per million was not adequate to protect

10 public health and that a substantial reduction

11 in the level of the standard was necessary to

12 meet the requirement that public health be

13 protected with an adequate margin of safety.

14 While EPA decreased the level of

15 the standard in the 2008 rulemaking, we remain

16 of the opinion that the reduction to 0.075

17 parts per million did not incorporate an

18 adequate margin of safety. We reiterate this

19 concern with reference to the reconsideration

20 of the level for the standard. And ARB would

21 like to acknowledge and endorse the

22 Administrator's proposal to revise the level
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1 for the ozone NAAQS to within the range of 60

2 to 70 parts per billion, which is in accord

3 with the recommendation of the CASAC panel

4 that reviewed the 2008 standard.

5 California reviewed its own

6 ambient air quality standard for ozone. And

7 at a hearing in April 2005, the Air Resources

8 Board approved a new eight-hour average ozone

9 standard of 70 parts per billion. This action

10 was based on a review of an extensive

11 scientific literature that demonstrates a

12 clear association between ozone exposure and

13 a number of adverse health effects. The

14 standard was approved through an open public15 review process that included independent

16 scientific peer review.

17 A significant difference between

18 the proposed national and the California

19 eight-hour average ozone standards is that the

20 California form allows only one exceedence per

21 year. In contrast, attainment of the national

22 standard is based on the highest of the fourth
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1 highest measured concentrations over three

2 years. Our analysis indicates that an eight3 hour average standard of 60 parts per billion

4 using the federal form is roughly equivalent

5 to the California standard of 70 parts per

6 billion.

7 The Air Resources Board supports

8 the adoption of a standard that would be as

9 protective as California's eight-hour ozone

10 standard. Attainment of such a standard

11 nationwide would prevent thousands of

12 hospitalizations, cases of respiratory

13 symptoms, instances of asthma exacerbations,

14 and deaths.

15 We recognize that there are

16 various types and degrees of uncertainty in

17 the available data supporting a decision at 60

18 parts per billion. Selection of a standard of

19 60 parts per billion will require a judgment

20 that includes decisions as to the weight to be

21 given to the scientific evidence and to the

22 uncertainties inherent in the available body
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1 of science. However, we believe that this

2 level, 60 parts per billion, is required to

3 incorporate an adequate margin of safety

4 comparable to California's standard.

5 Thank you for the opportunity to

6 provide comment on this important public

7 health issue.

8 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much. 

9 To the extent that the Air Resources Board

10 wants to provide any further elaboration on

11 the rationale for 60 and the support for 60,

12 that would be helpful to have in the record.

13 Okay. Great. Thank you.

14 Our next speakers are Bonnie

15 Holmes and Joel Ervice.

16 MS. HOLMES-GEN: Good morning. 

17 I'm Bonnie Holmes-Gen and I'm the Senior

18 Director for Policy and Air Quality with the

19 American Lung Association in California. And

20 we are pleased to join you today to give our

21 strong support to the U.S. EPA's proposed

22 tougher science-based air quality standard for
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1 ozone, which is of course one of the most

2 widespread and dangerous air pollutants across

3 our country.

4 And I wanted to make the point

5 that we believe this decision that you are

6 about to make is of historic importance. A

7 stronger standard is the prescription for

8 healthier air across the country. Your

9 decision to adopt a stronger national ozone

10 reduction target, based on health evidence,

11 will spur actions across the country, not just

12 at the federal level but at the state and

13 local level. And these actions will have real

14 and lasting impacts on public health in

15 California and across the country.

16 A stronger ozone standard will

17 help reduce asthma attacks, hospitalizations,

18 emergency room visits, heart attacks, strokes,

19 and other heart and lung illnesses. As you're

20 hearing today from health and environmental

21 leaders and residents across the country, the

22 millions of Californians suffering from lung-
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1 and-heart illnesses need a strong standard. 

2 The millions of children in California growing

3 up with reduced lung capacity due to unhealthy

4 air need the protection of a stronger

5 standard.

6 I wanted to remind you that here

7 in California we have some of the highest

8 childhood asthma rates in the country. Asthma

9 not only impacts a child's health and well10 being but also impacts a child's ability to

11 learn. Millions of missed school and work

12 days in California are attributed to asthma

13 attacks and other respiratory conditions due

14 to air pollution.

15 The healthcare costs related to

16 asthma alone are enormous. According to the

17 State Department of Health Services, the cost

18 of hospitalizations for asthma reached $763

19 million in one year, 2005. And of course

20 asthma costs are just one small piece of the

21 total health burden from air pollution. Our

22 state Air Resources Board has estimated the
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1 total health costs of air pollution at

2 approximately $170 billion per year, and that

3 includes the costs of premature deaths.

4 We hear industry talk a lot about

5 the costs of pollution control, but they don't

6 factor in the costs of delay. The health

7 costs and the human toll of air pollution add

8 up quickly. The benefits of cleaning up air

9 pollution have proven time and again to be

10 overwhelming greater than the costs.

11 Each year the White House analyzes

12 the costs and benefits of air quality

13 regulations on a national basis and each year

14 EPA's regulations result in benefits that

15 outweigh the costs by as much as 40 to 1. And

16 of course we have had similar findings in

17 California as we move forward to adopt our own

18 more stringent ozone standard.

19 In California and across the

20 country air quality regulation has not stymied

21 economic growth. In fact, quite the opposite

22 has happened. Tighter standards have spurred
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1 innovation, efficiencies, and new greener

2 technologies.

3 So to sum up the case for stronger

4 standards, the science is clear: Scientific

5 studies, and you've heard, just heard from two

6 excellent representatives from our Air

7 Resources Board and Office of Environmental

8 Health Hazard Assessment about many of these

9 studies, these scientific studies clearly show

10 that the current standards for ozone pollution

11 are far too weak to protect public health. 

12 And, as you heard, California has already

13 adopted a standard based on the science that

14 is roughly equivalent to the 60 parts per

15 billion.

16 The law is clear: Under the

17 federal Clean Air Act the air quality

18 standards must be set at a level that is

19 solely based on public health. And health

20 experts have a clear recommendation. Not only

21 the American Lung Association but also the

22 American Medical Associations, the American
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1 Public Health Association, the American

2 Thoracic Society and others have all urged a

3 standard at the 60-parts-per-billion level.

4 On a personal note I want to urge

5 you to adopt this stronger standard as a

6 commitment to the health of future

7 generations. I have a six-year-old and an

8 eight-year-old. And they like to be very

9 active. They like to play soccer and be

10 outside. And it's very difficult, very

11 difficult to tell them on a smoggy afternoon

12 that they need to stay indoors and we need to

13 find quieter activities.

14 I know my children's growth and

15 development will continue to be impacted by

16 unhealthy air in this region for many years,

17 but with your help their children will grow up

18 in clean and healthy air. We urge you to

19 adopt a stronger standard: A 60-parts-per20 billion.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

22 MR. ERVICE: Hi. Good morning. 
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1 My name is Joel Ervice. And that's J-o-e-l

2 E-r-v-i-c-e. I'm the Associate Director of

3 Regional Asthma Management and Prevention. 

4 We're a collaborative that promotes strategies

5 for reducing asthma through a broad and

6 comprehensive approach that includes clinical

7 management and environmental protection. We

8 also coordinate a statewide network of asthma

9 coalitions called Community Action to Fight

10 Asthma, which focuses on reducing

11 environmental triggers of asthma through

12 policy change. 

13 On behalf of my partners I'm here

14 today to express support for the tighter ozone

15 standard of 60 parts per billion. Adopting

16 this new standard would be a tremendous step

17 towards cleaning the air we breathe and, more

18 importantly, protecting the health of each and

19 every one of us.

20 While preparing my comments I was

21 struck by how straightforward this decision

22 should be, given the clarity of the evidence. 
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1 Here's what we know based on a large and

2 consistent body of research:

3 Ozone is a serious health threat. 

4 It burns our lungs and airways, causing them

5 to become inflamed, reddened, and swollen. 

6 This can lead to breathing problems, including

7 coughing, wheezing, and chest pain. Children,

8 seniors, and people with lung problems are

9 particularly vulnerable to ozone's impacts.

10 Ozone increases the risk of asthma

11 attacks and is associated with increased

12 hospitalization and emergency department

13 visits, increased medication use and missed

14 school days. Emerging evidence also suggests

15 high ozone levels contribute to the onset of

16 asthma in otherwise healthy children. These

17 asthma impacts are anything but insignificant,

18 and Bonnie alluded to a few of the costs. 

19 Here in California one in six children has

20 been diagnosed is asthma, in some communities

21 it's closer to one in four. We also know that

22 children who grow up in areas of high ozone
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1 pollution may never develop their full lung

2 capacity as adults, which puts them at risk

3 for asthma and other respiratory problems.

4 Lastly, ozone can kill. Short5 term increases in ozone were found to increase

6 deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory

7 diseases.

8 Setting the standard to 60 parts

9 per billion would also help fulfill the Clean

10 Air Act's requirements that standards protect

11 the public's health with an adequate margin of

12 safety. Given that studies have shown adverse

13 respiratory reactions at concentrations below

14 60 parts per billion, adopting the most

15 restrictive standard is more than appropriate. 

16 Indeed, there is enough evidence to suggest

17 that the standard perhaps needs further

18 tightening, but I understand one step at a

19 time.

20 Establishing the more health21 protective standard simply reflects the EPA's

22 own best thinking on this issue. As you know
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1 several years ago, the EPA's Clean Air

2 Scientific Advisory Committee, after an

3 extensive scientific review, unanimously

4 concluded that an eight-hour ozone standard

5 should be set in the range of 60 to 70 parts

6 per billion. Other credible groups that have

7 called for 60-parts-per-billion standard

8 include the American Academy of Pediatrics,

9 the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America,

10 and many others.

11 Finally, while I have recited

12 statistics in reference to scientific

13 evidence, this issue is also personal. I was

14 diagnosed with asthma as a child. And while

15 it is under far more control than it was when

16 I was young, I still carry around an inhaler. 

17 And I can too well remember the fear and panic

18 that set in when my lungs would uncontrollably

19 constrict, and off to the emergency room I

20 would go.

21 Fortunately we now have a much

22 better understanding of what causes such
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1 attacks. I urge you to put that knowledge to

2 good use and adopt a strict ozone standard of

3 60 parts per billion. Thank you.

4 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

5 We are going to go through four

6 more speakers and then we'll take a short

7 break. And we're happy to meet to talk about

8 the secondary standard at that time.

9 If Brent Newell is here, could you

10 please go to the registration desk. Thank

11 you.

12 Our next two speakers are: Cindy

13 Tsai and David Pettit.

14 MS. TSAI: Hi. Good morning. My

15 name is Cindy Tsai, and that's C-i-n-d-y

16 T-s-a-i. And I'm with the Rose Foundation for

17 Communities and the Environment, located in

18 Oakland, California. And this is Alison. She

19 is my youngest daughter. She is four weeks

20 old.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Oh, my God.

22 MS. TSAI: She might have some
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1 comments of her to make, so I ask you to bear

2 with us.

3 I'm here to ask you to protect the

4 health of our most vulnerable communities by

5 adopting an ozone standard of 60 parts per

6 billion. This is an issue of fundamental

7 fairness. And the EPA has to be the guardian

8 of fairness, because we all know that smog

9 does not fight fair.

10 Study after study has shown that

11 especially for vulnerable individuals, ground12 level ozone can trigger asthma attacks and

13 even heart attacks. Asthma and heart disease

14 make people vulnerable to ozone's impacts and

15 are much more common in poorer communities and

16 communities of color.

17 California Breathing reports --

18 excuse me. If you want to...

19 MR. PETTIT: (Holds Alison for the

20 remainder of Ms. Tsai's speech.)

21 MS. TSAI: He's even good with

22 babies, so there you go. Thank you.
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1 MR. PETTIT: I'll be right back

2 here.

3 MS. TSAI: California breathing

4 reports that Alameda County's children have

5 higher rates of asthma than California as a

6 whole. And Alameda County's children are one

7 and a half times more likely to require

8 emergency room care for asthma compared to the

9 state averages and more than twice as likely

10 to be hospitalized for asthma.

11 In neighboring Contra Costa County

12 the rates of asthma and asthma hospitalization

13 also exceed state averages. Those figures in

14 themselves suggest plenty of reason to be

15 concerned about the levels of ozone in Alameda

16 and Contra Costa Counties. But asthma rates

17 are not uniform across those two counties.

18 In 2004, California Community

19 Action to Fight Asthma analyzed California

20 hospital records and found disproportionately

21 higher asthma hospitalization rates for

22 children in lower-income neighborhoods and
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1 communities of color.

2 Here are some more stark and

3 disturbing statistics: In Richmond childhood

4 asthma hospitalization rates were more than

5 twice the state average. In East Oakland,

6 more than five times the state average. And

7 in West Oakland, childhood asthma

8 hospitalization rates were nearly six times

9 the state average.

10 Children in low-income

11 neighborhoods, where asthma is so

12 frighteningly common, are there for the

13 children who are most vulnerable to the

14 impacts of ozone. A similar pattern can be

15 seen for other health impacts of ozone. 

16 Stricter ozone standards can reduce ozone17 triggered heart attacks. But, like asthma,

18 vulnerability to heart attacks is not the same

19 in all neighborhoods. Your zip code can

20 determine whether or not you live or die.

21 According to the study produced by

22 the California Endowment Health Journalism
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1 Fellowship, the zip code with the highest

2 levels of heart disease in Alameda County is

3 94608. In this zip code residents are

4 predominantly African American. And,

5 according to the 2000 census, the median

6 family income for this zip code is half the

7 median income for the county.

8 94608 also has three times the

9 rate of heart disease as another Alameda

10 County zip code, 94708, which according to the

11 2000 census is 75 percent white with a family

12 income of more than three times the median of

13 94608.

14 Contra Costa health disease

15 statistics follow the same pattern, with

16 significantly higher levels of heart disease

17 in low-income neighborhoods compared to the

18 zip codes of more-affluent communities. 

19 Again, the strictest standards are needed to

20 fairly protect residents of low-income

21 communities and communities of color.

22 Overall life expectancies follow
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1 the same pattern. Residents in lower-urban

2 neighborhoods can expect to live about 10

3 years less on average than residents of more4 affluent communities, a fact that suggests

5 that premature death, associated with ozone

6 exposure, may disproportionately impact low7 income communities and Americans of color.

8 I again urge you to set the

9 National Air Quality Standard for Ozone at the

10 more health-protective standard at 60 parts

11 per billion to protect public health and the

12 environment, address issues of environmental

13 justice, and fairly protect all Americans

14 including America's most-vulnerable

15 communities. Thank you.

16 MS. WEGMAN: And thank you.

17 Thank you very much for coming

18 today, especially with Alison there. Oh, my

19 goodness. Thank you so much. And if you can

20 submit that for the record so we have those

21 statistics, that would be extremely helpful.

22 Okay. Thank you.
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1 MR. PETTIT: Hi. I'm David

2 Pettit, P-e-t-t-i-t. I'm with the Natural

3 Resources Defense Council in Los Angeles. I

4 put Alison to asleep but I hope I don't have

5 the same effect on you folks.

6 (Laughter.)

7 MS. WEGMAN: I don't think so.

8 MR. PETTIT: Yes. My kids are

9 grown now, but it's nice to know I haven't

10 lost the touch.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Haven't lost the

12 touch.

13 MR. PETTIT: Yes. I spoke in 2007

14 when EPA did a roadshow on the then-current

15 ozone rule. I spoke down in Los Angeles. And

16 I have to say although I don't think I'm

17 starry eyed about the political process, I was

18 appalled when I learned at the last minute

19 activity, you might say, by OMB to ratchet up

20 the number that your own staff had recommended

21 and that CASAC had unanimously recommended,

22 and I'm very pleased that Administrator
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1 Jackson has decided to take another look at

2 the science.

3 One thing that I didn't have

4 available when I testified last time was the

5 June 7, 2007 -- I'm sorry -- June 14, 2007

6 memo by James Brown of EPA discussing the

7 Adams' studies. Reference has been made to

8 them earlier today. I'm not a statistician. 

9 By trade I'm a lawyer, but I've cross-examined

10 a few on the stand and I have some idea of how

11 that stuff works.

12 And to me the clincher in Mr.

13 Brown's memorandum is -- well, in the back,

14 not surprisingly, where, just to summarize, in

15 his view he reads the Adams' studies as

16 legitimately finding that there are

17 significant effects on healthy people at the

18 60-parts-per-billion level. And then his

19 concluding sentence is, "It would be further

20 be expected," and then he cites a 2006 EPA

21 document, "that as Maddox [phonetic]

22 experiencing moderate responses to 0.06 parts
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1 per million ozone exposure would limit their

2 activity and increase their frequency of

3 medical usage."

4 And I have to say that stands to

5 reason that if healthy people are affected at

6 60 parts per billion, asthmatics and other

7 people with lung disease are going to be

8 affected even more.

9 And then turning to the legal

10 standard, which I'm sure you know well, it

11 just seems to me almost a given that if

12 nondisabled people are affected at 60 and EPA,

13 by law, has to build in a margin of error,

14 that it accounts for the needs and abilities

15 of sensitive people, I don't see how legally

16 you can go anywhere else other than the 60

17 number. And I know it's the lower end

18 recommended by CASAC, I also know that after

19 the 2007-2008 outrage, there was a ton of

20 litigation including some brought by my

21 organization and other enviros, let's not do

22 that again, let's do what the law in my view
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1 requires this time and come up with the number

2 of 60 parts per billion.

3 Thank you very much.

4 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

5 for coming back to testify a second time.

6 Okay. We'll have two more folks

7 come before we take a 10- or 15-minute break. 

8 Andy Katz and Myesha Williams.

9 MR. KATZ: Good morning. I'm Andy

10 Katz. I'm the Government Relations Director

11 for Breathe California. We're a statewide

12 lung-health association with offices in Los

13 Angeles, Monterey, Daly City, San Jose, and

14 Sacramento. We serve the public generally,

15 particularly patients with lung disease,

16 including asthma and chronic obstructive

17 pulmonary disorder.

18 So we hear from lung-disease

19 patients whenever there is a Spare the Air

20 Day, whenever there is an unhealthy-ozone day. 

21 We hear from people who are suffering, who are

22 unable to breathe, who are unable to go about
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1 their day with the same quality of life. So

2 we're very, very concerned about the unhealthy

3 levels of ozone in the air.

4 And we strongly encourage the EPA

5 to pursue your role under the Clean Air Act,

6 your legal obligation to study the science,

7 the consider the vast science that very much

8 supports a standard of .06 parts per million

9 -- that's 60 parts per billion, to protect

10 public health.

11 The strong weight of the evidence

12 shows that tens of thousands of asthma attacks

13 and tens of thousands of premature deaths

14 would be prevented every year if you consider

15 the science in front of you.

16 I would like to address some of

17 the arguments that have been argued earlier in

18 this hearing, particularly around the

19 criticism that you need some relative risk

20 standard in all of your studies. That's just

21 not true. The person who offered that

22 suggestion is not an attorney. What I think
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1 he was referring to was a Ninth Circuit

2 decision where this was about whether one

3 particular source of nuclear radiation

4 definitely, by a preponderance of the evidence

5 in a private-litigation matter, caused injury

6 to somebody else and that meant compensation. 

7 That's a completely different situation under

8 the law from what you have in front of you,

9 which is a Clean Air Act responsibility to

10 look at the science and decide that based on

11 the strong science in front of you that this

12 is supportable by the evidence.

13 You have the deference. The

14 courts will give the EPA deference, unless you

15 abuse your discretion. And it's unfortunate

16 that the Bush Administration did not pursue

17 the full protectiveness of the Clean Air Act

18 under the past administration. I strong urge

19 the EPA to do that.

20 So, just to be very clear, the

21 previous speakers arguing against the standard

22 did not advance any issues around the lack of
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1 scientific strength of this evidence that you

2 have from the 1700 studies. I think the

3 evidence strongly shows that this is what will

4 protect public health. 

5 Even further, we need a margin of

6 safety. We need to be able to protect people

7 with asthma, kids, seniors, who all have

8 greater susceptibility to lung disease. So we

9 really need to have that margin of safety for

10 people who are especially at risk of lung

11 disease and these impacts.

12 We now know that premature death

13 will result. We now know that asthma attacks,

14 ranging from severe to mild, and these have

15 economic costs. While some of the previous

16 speakers have talked about the economic costs

17 and the law tells you, really you have to look

18 at the science and the health impacts. These

19 are achievable. These are very achievable

20 goals. The standards that we have right now

21 for clean air that in effect were set in

22 motion a decade or two ago. And we are
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1 reaping the benefits of that right now, but

2 it's still not good enough. We still have

3 very high levels of lung disease on these

4 unhealthy ozone days, and that's why we need

5 the EPA to protect us.

6 I would strongly encourage

7 adoption of that standard. Personally I

8 experience exercise-induced asthma. I've had

9 that condition since I was diagnosed at

10 Engineer High when I started playing

11 competitive tennis. And from that point I've

12 also noticed that on an unhealthy-air day,

13 when there's excessive ozone in the air, I

14 have those same conditions.

15 So the clean air is definitely an

16 important -- has really important results for

17 my health. Having clean air that I'm able to

18 breathe easier, that I don't experience those

19 asthma attacks or asthma symptoms. And I

20 think many other people have ever more serious

21 cases of lung disease.

22 So, in conclusion, the law really
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1 tells you that you have to follow the science

2 and that other assertions of what your

3 obligation is, it's very clear: It's about

4 the science, it's about the health. So please

5 protect public health.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

7 MS. WILLIAMS: Good morning. My

8 name is Myesha Williams. It's spelled

9 M-y-e-s-h-a W-i-l-l-i-a-m-s. And I am the

10 Program Associate for the New Voices Are

11 Rising Program at the Rose Foundation.

12 As a program associate I

13 cofacilitate in-class lessons on

14 environmental, health, and justice in high

15 schools in Oakland, in Richmond, and other

16 nearby East Bay cities. This work puts me in

17 contact with young people who are growing up

18 breathing unhealthy air their entire lives.

19 I have yet to visit a classroom

20 where the majority of the students answer no

21 to the question of whether or not they or

22 someone in their family suffers from asthma. 
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1 Asthma happens to be the one thing that most

2 of the students that we work with have in

3 common and can personally relate to.

4 As you know, asthma is closely

5 related to ozone. Though most of the students

6 I work with are faced with multiple pollution

7 sources, when given the opportunity many

8 choose to advocate for stronger health9 protective measures wherever they can. So not

10 only am I constantly working with young people

11 who suffer from illnesses that are exacerbated

12 by environmental factors, but I also live in

13 a zip code with dire statistics.

14 The zip code 94608 has the second15 highest asthma hospitalization rate and one of

16 the highest heart-disease-death rates and

17 cancer-death rates in the East Bay. The life

18 expectancy in 94608 is a staggering 15 years

19 less than 94519, which is nearby Walnut Creek.

20 I too grew up feeling short of

21 breath while playing outside with friends. So

22 many of my friends and my close family members
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1 back then suffered from severe asthma attacks

2 simply by doing what kids do: Exploring the

3 outdoors. 

4 So I'm very happy to be here to

5 advocate on behalf of myself and my community

6 and to also support the students that chose to

7 come here today to advocate on behalf of their

8 communities. And I urge you to respond to the

9 research and to our stories by lowering the

10 standard to a 60 parts per billion.

11 Thank you very much.

12 MS. STONE: Thank you.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you for coming

14 and thank you to the students who came with

15 you. We really appreciate your doing that and

16 taking the time today. It means a lot to us

17 that you came. Thank you.

18 Okay. We're going to take a 10-

19 to 15-minute break and then we can meet to

20 talk about the secondary standard, if folks

21 want to do that.

22 (Recess taken from 11:06 a.m. to
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1 11:27 a.m.)

2 MS. WEGMAN: Once again, thank you

3 for coming. We very much appreciate you

4 taking the time and making the effort to come

5 to speak to us today. So if folks in the back

6 would mind sitting down or you can go outside,

7 either way.

8 We received a suggestion that in

9 addition to announcing the two next speakers

10 that I say the names of the two people who are

11 coming afterward so they can get ready. So I

12 will be doing that from here on out.

13 So the next two speakers are David

14 Underwood and Ina Bendich. And then after

15 that I'll be calling on Darryanne Vance and

16 Deven King.

17 So David Underwood and Ina

18 Bendich, are those folks here? Okay.

19 MS. BENDICH: Good morning.

20 MS. WEGMAN: Good morning.

21 MS. BENDICH: My name is Ina

22 Bendich. It's I-n-a B-e-n-d-i-c-h. I'm a
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1 teacher and Director of the Law and Government

2 Academy at Excel High School at the McClymonds

3 Educational Complex in West Oakland.

4 I grew up believing that public

5 service was the noblest calling. Elected and

6 appointed officials had a responsibility to

7 protect the public interest, even when that

8 meant considering the point of view of people

9 that they were unlikely to encounter in their

10 daily life.

11 For example, when the Supreme

12 Court ruled on Board versus Brown of Education

13 [sic], the justices were all male, white,

14 highly educated, and some were born in

15 southern states where Jim Crow laws still

16 dominated African American life. Their

17 decision was made based on what the governing

18 law, the U.S. Constitution in that case,

19 demanded. But perhaps, more importantly, they

20 made a decision to do the right thing, even

21 though they had little or nothing in common

22 with the plaintiffs.
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1 According to the EPA's own

2 definition, environmental justice is the fair

3 treatment and meaningful involvement of all

4 people, regardless of race, color, national

5 origin, or income, with the respect to the

6 development, implementation, and enforcement

7 of environmental laws, regulations, and

8 policies.

9 EPA has had this goal for all

10 communities and persons across this nation. 

11 It will be achieved when everyone enjoys the

12 same degree of protection from environmental

13 and health hazards and equal access to the

14 decisionmaking process to have a healthy

15 environment in which to live, learn, and work.

16 The EPA has, based on your own

17 definition, embraced the pursuit of

18 environmental justice and the eradication of

19 environmental racism. As a Director of the

20 Law and Government Academy, one of my goals is

21 to instill this idea of justice in my

22 students. However, their daily experience as
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1 residents of West Oakland leads them to

2 believe that justice is unattainable. They

3 walk past new housing developments that their

4 parents can't afford to rent or buy. They

5 experience high rates of asthma and other

6 illnesses related to the poor air quality and

7 industry present in their neighborhood. They

8 know that the effects are substantially lower

9 in the wealthier areas of Oakland. They see

10 the contradiction.

11 What they have learned is the

12 government represents those who are present at

13 the decisionmaking table. They know that in

14 order for their voices to be heard they must

15 be where the decisions are made.

16 The mission of EPA is to protect

17 human health and to safeguard the natural

18 environment: Air, water, land -- upon which

19 life depends. EPA's purpose is to ensure that

20 all Americans are protected from the

21 significant risks to human health in the

22 environment where they live, learn, and work.
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1 Federal law protects human health

2 and the environment, and are enforced fairly

3 and effectively. As a Director of the Law and

4 Government Academy, I have taught my students

5 that word order is important. It is clear

6 that the primary mission and purpose of the

7 EPA is to protect human health and the

8 environment. West Oakland residents have

9 suffered from the cumulative impact of various

10 forms of pollution for a very long time. I am

11 counting on you to show my students that their

12 health is paramount in your decisionmaking

13 process by lowering the ground-level ozone

14 standard and setting the standard at the most

15 health-protective level under consideration.

16 Thank you.

17 MS. STONE: Thank you.

18 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

19 MR. UNDERWOOD: My name is David

20 Underwood. D-a-v-i-d U-n-d-e-r-w-o-o-d. 

21 Citrus Heights, California, right down the

22 road here. I'm a member of the Sierra Club,
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1 but I cannot speak directly for the Sierra

2 Club.

3 However, I got involved somewhat

4 with air pollution when I did a study of the

5 Yosemite Valley Plan some years ago, and that

6 was submitted to the National Park Service,

7 where we found that diesel pollution, in

8 particular, was extremely high; that the

9 federal government had averaged out the

10 pollution levels in the Yosemite Valley over

11 a 24-hour period instead of any one-hour

12 period, which at a certain points of the day

13 the higher levels of air pollution was much

14 higher than over the 24-hour period and

15 exceeded federal standards.

16 The other thing I discovered was

17 that a bus, a diesel bus at that time caused

18 as much pollution as 50 cars, and those were

19 low-power engines. Now today we have diesel

20 trucks running up and down the Central Valley

21 with engines exceeding 400 horsepower, even

22 450 horsepower. And we have a high level of
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1 diesel traffic in this state.

2 The highest levels of pulmonary

3 disease that we find in this state are along

4 the Long Beach freeway in Los Angeles and in

5 the Fresno area between Fresno and

6 Bakersfield. The air pollution moves inland

7 because of the air currents. And anything

8 coming from the coast also accumulates in that

9 area.

10 I have not seen anything to show,

11 I do not know what the EPA plans on doing

12 about mitigation, and this is where we come

13 in. We also have unregulated diesel equipment

14 throughout the farmlands, old diesel engines

15 that are still running pumps and equipment

16 within the farm community.

17 And then we have construction

18 equipment. And the construction industry, I

19 can understand why they resist pollution

20 controls on their equipment, it's extremely

21 expensive to do, but it's also, as we have

22 heard and we will hear further, just how
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1 expensive it is to have had all these

2 pollution levels and the illnesses that are

3 accumulating because of them.

4 One other item that has not been

5 discussed is aircraft. And we know that high6 speed train or any train can carry as many

7 passengers as far as an airplane using one8 tenth the amount of fuel that an airplane

9 uses. But I have not seen any studies to show

10 just how much an aircraft contributes to the

11 ozone levels. And, particularly, at takeoff

12 areas and at low level. I don't know about

13 higher altitudes, what happens to the ozone

14 there.

15 So it seems to me that the EPA

16 does need or somebody needs to study and show

17 how much of this ozone is actually coming from

18 aircraft travel and if we mitigate that with

19 the use of high-speed rail, for instance, and

20 also getting all these trucks on rail. If you

21 go over the Tejon Pass any evening, you will

22 find that trucks outnumber cars. And we're
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1 looking at a vehicle that probably contributes

2 as much pollution with one engine as 200

3 vehicles -- 200 cars. Cars have become

4 considerably cleaner today. So we do have

5 primarily, my estimate anyhow, is that it's

6 the diesel that is the cause of our pollution

7 problems in this state, more than any one

8 thing.

9 Thank you.

10 MS. WEGMAN: Well, thank you. 

11 Thank you both very much.

12 Our next two speakers are Darrynne

13 Vance and Deven King, and then after that

14 Sarai Cornejo and Pamela Tapia.

15 MR. KING: Hello. My name is

16 Deven King, D-e-v-e-n K-i-n-g. I am a junior

17 at Excel High School. I am here to ask you to

18 tighten the ozone standards to protect the

19 health in my community.

20 My four-year-old sister has

21 asthma. We found out she had asthma when she

22 was two. We had to take her to the hospital
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1 because she couldn't breathe. We went to the

2 hospital, my brother and my family. It was

3 crazy to know. Like, we didn't know if she

4 was going to survive or not, just because of

5 the pollution in the air. Now she is taking

6 medicine for her asthma.

7 I am here to also ask like how

8 many people in the audience know somebody who

9 has asthma or has asthma themselves.

10 (Hands raise.)

11 MR. KING: That is a lot of people

12 in here. You have twice as many as that in

13 communities, like a lot of people has asthma

14 just because of the pollution. Myesha was

15 talking about 94608. I live in 94607, which

16 is not far from where she was talking about. 

17 It's crazy that you see the pollution in the

18 air in Oakland. And, like, the Port of

19 Oakland, we live right by the Port of Oakland,

20 like a mile, two miles away from the Port of

21 Oakland. It's just crazy.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Well, thank
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1 you, and I hope your sister improves.

2 MS. VANCE: My name is Darryanne

3 Vance, D-a-r-r-y-n-n-e V-a-n-c-e. I am 16

4 years old and I go to Excel High School in

5 West Oakland.

6 My school is surrounded by

7 factories and it's very close to the Port of

8 Oakland. We experience more than our share of

9 every bit of problems. And I am here to ask

10 you to put stronger limits on the amount of

11 ground-level ozone that we breathe in every

12 day.

13 I have struggled with asthma since

14 I was born. I have been hospitalized three

15 times. The struggle with asthma is very hard

16 for me because I play basketball. They say

17 about 80 percent of athletes has asthma in

18 Oakland. I don't know if you know what an

19 asthma attack feels like, but it's really

20 scary. Your heart stops and it's very hard to

21 breathe. If feels like a 300-pound man

22 kneeling to your chest.
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1 I would like you to tighten up the

2 restrictions of the amount of ground-level

3 ozone that kids like me are exposed to every

4 day. I don't want to hear about more kids

5 going through what I have experienced with

6 asthma. Thank you.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. I hope

8 you continue to get good care and can keep

9 playing basketball.

10 Well, thank you both so much for

11 coming and talking with us today.

12 MR. KING: You're welcome.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Our next two speakers

14 are Sarai Cornejo and Pamela Tapia. And after

15 that we'll have Camille Kustin and Margaret

16 Gordon.

17 MS. CORNEJO: Hi. My name is

18 Sarai Cornejo, S-a-r-a-i C-o-r-n-e-j-o. And

19 I'm a junior at Excel High School in West

20 Oakland.

21 I am here because I am concerned

22 about ozone and asthma. In West Oakland the
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1 situation is really bad because the West

2 Oakland the asthma hospitalization rates are

3 about five times higher than the state average

4 for kids age 0 to 14. My little brother has

5 been hospitalized three times and he is only

6 five years old.

7 I have a little cousin that was

8 born with asthma too, and he is only nine

9 months and he has been hospitalized two times

10 already because of an asthma attack.

11 Please use your resource to

12 protect our health and the health of other

13 citizens living in areas that are

14 disproportionately affected by air pollution,

15 by tightening the government regulation to

16 reduce the amount of ground-level ozone. If

17 ground-level ozone is reduced, this will help

18 to control the type of pollution that harms my

19 community.

20 Thank you.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

22 MS. TAPIA: Hello. My name is
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1 Pamela Tapia, P-a-m-e-l-a T-a-p-i-a. I'm a

2 junior at Excel High School in West Oakland.

3 I was born with asthma and almost

4 every year I have been rushed to the emergency

5 room and hospitalized for asthma attacks, but

6 I'm not the only one being affected by smog

7 and other forms of pollution that is basically

8 the part -- part of the other we have to do --

9 our environmental justice class has done

10 research and found that West Oakland asthma

11 hospitalization rates are about five times the

12 state average.

13 The people have rushed their kids

14 and taken them to the hospital for asthma

15 attacks. They have watched their friends and

16 neighbors die of illnesses caused by

17 pollution. Is it unfair to anyone to have to

18 breathe in poisonous air.

19 Please use your resources to

20 protect our health and the health of other

21 citizens living in areas affected by air

22 pollution. Because it is not possible for us
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1 to choose the air that we breathe in, we are

2 relying on you to exercise your authority by

3 tightening the regulation to reduce the amount

4 of ground-level ozone.

5 Thank you.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. Thank you

7 both for coming and talking with us today.

8 Camille Kustin and Margaret

9 Gordon.

10 MS. GORDON: Good morning. My

11 name is Margaret Gordon, M-a-r-g-a-r-e-t

12 G-o-r-d-o-n. I am the Cofounder and a

13 Codirector of an organization called the West

14 Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and

15 also I'm a member of a regional group called

16 Ditching Dirty Diesel, which includes

17 communities of West Oakland, San Leandro, East

18 Oakland, North Richmond, and Bay View Hunter's

19 Point. And just by the acronym Ditching Dirty

20 Diesel we are involved in promoting and

21 educating people about the issues of diesel

22 and how it affects those communities.
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1 My organization, the West Oakland

2 Environmental Indicators Project, is an

3 education, advocacy group, and we do

4 community-based participatory research around

5 air quality, land use, public health, and

6 freight transportation.

7 So I'm here in favor of lowering

8 the ozone level. But when you also talk about

9 the cumulative impacts of our communities that

10 still have the issues of air quality, land

11 use, public health, and freight

12 transportation, those things are being --

13 should be also included into this process,

14 that looking at just that one thing, the

15 ozone, does not help EJ communities like mine.

16 We have a study by Dr. Tony Iton,

17 who went back and looked at 20 years of death

18 certificates, and found people who live in the

19 flat lands along the I-80 corridor compared to

20 those who live above the MacArthur freeway

21 will live 10 years less because of the

22 cumulative impacts from air quality, land use,
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1 and public health.

2 And also I would like to see, I

3 just came back from the National Environmental

4 Justice Conference with the new director and

5 her deputy Lisa Garcia. And one of the things

6 that really came up heavily out of the whole

7 conference was looking at a lot of these

8 things as civil rights issues. I see that

9 being from West Oakland and living less than

10 a mile from the Port of Oakland, by my own

11 choice, by my own choice, that we should be

12 looking at these issues of how land use, where

13 things are being planned, how local control

14 can participate in making these things more or

15 less impact to our EJ communities.

16 I also see that -- I also have

17 asthma. I'm a lifetime asthmatic. I'm 63

18 years old. I don't go no place without my

19 inhalers. I use inhalers two to three times

20 a day. I have 11 grandchildren, five of them

21 have asthma. Two can't even sneeze. I get a

22 call without -- eventually using the asthma
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1 machine. I have children who live in my

2 building who don't go to school without their

3 inhalers.

4 So I just think this is bigger

5 than just the ozone level and I just hope that

6 in the future EPA sees these things as not

7 just one sign but many, many different things,

8 because within the report from the United

9 Christ -- I might be saying it wrong -- the

10 20-year port, we're still living with EJ, I

11 think people need to be reading those type of

12 things and just not dealing with the science

13 but the actual, the actual impacts to

14 communities like West Oakland. On the ground,

15 it's a whole different thing being in a

16 classroom or you in a lab testing things in

17 regard to the effects of these things are

18 right inside our communities.

19 So in hopes that this is just the

20 beginning and that also this is a beginning

21 and that we have more support not only just

22 for those local communities of the Bay Area
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1 but also through the Central Valley. Thank

2 you very much.

3 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much. 

4 And I think you know this from having attended

5 the conference last week that our

6 Administrator Lisa Jackson is very much

7 committed to the things that you are talking

8 about and trying to look at the cumulative

9 impacts of so many things on communities like

10 yours. We're focused today of course on the

11 ozone standard, but we are very mindful of all

12 the things you say and are trying to work on

13 as many as we can.

14 MS. GORDON: And one more thing. 

15 It would be really good if agencies within EPA

16 start coordination about these issues. That's

17 one of the biggest problems: You've got to go

18 over to Air over here, got to go to EJ over

19 here, you've got to go to Water over here. If

20 there are more collaboration amongst the

21 departments, it would be easier also to try to

22 remedy some of these issues.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Yes.

2 MS. STONE: Yes. Ms. Gordon, are

3 you going to submit your written testimony

4 with the citation for the 20-year study?

5 MS. GORDON: I will email it. 

6 I'll send it to Elizabeth.

7 MS. WEGMAN: That's fine.

8 MS. STONE: That's great. And I

9 can give you my card if you'd like that.

10 MS. GORDON: Okay. Thank you.

11 MS. STONE: Yes. Thank you.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

13 MS. KUSTIN.: Good morning. I'm

14 Camille Kustin. That's spelled C-a-m-i-l-l-e

15 K-u-s-t-i-n. And I'm with the Environmental

16 Defense Fund, which is a nonprofit,

17 nonpartisan environmental organization that

18 has more than 700,000 members nationwide.

19 Thank you for the opportunity to

20 be here today.

21 EDF respectfully requests that the

22 EPA and Administrator Jackson follow the
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1 unanimous recommendation of the Clean Air

2 Scientific Advisory Committee and set the

3 standard for ozone at 60 parts per billion,

4 the more protective end of the range.

5 We also support a welfare-based

6 secondary standard for ozone that is anchored

7 in biological sciences and provides increased

8 protection for ozone-related adverse impacts

9 on vegetation, forested ecosystems, and

10 agricultural commodities.

11 We applaud the EPA for choosing to

12 listen to the recommendation of science and

13 medical experts, and reevaluate the decision

14 to revise the ozone standard, as the current

15 standard of 75 parts per billion is not

16 supported by science and will continue to put

17 large numbers of individuals at risk.

18 Looking specifically at

19 California, tens of millions of residents

20 throughout the state suffer from the impacts

21 of poor air quality. More than 20 million

22 residents in Los Angeles and San Joaquin
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1 Valley Air Basins alone face significant

2 health risks and are paying the high economic

3 costs of air pollution.

4 Specifically on the issue of cost,

5 a 2007 California State University Fullerton

6 study examined the costs of ozone and PM2.5

7 pollution in Los Angeles and San Joaquin

8 Valley, which contained some of the most

9 polluted air and also the most populated

10 cities in the country. The study found that

11 if the 2007 ozone standard was met, the

12 savings to the San Joaquin Valley would be

13 more than $88 million annually and the savings

14 to the South Coast Air Basin would be more

15 than $480 million annually, saving 50 lives

16 and preventing over 140,000 asthma attacks

17 from the known asthmatic population.

18 The bottom line is that there is

19 overwhelming evidence that ozone dramatically

20 affects public health, can result in death,

21 has an economic cost to our economy, and

22 overall impairs our natural environment and
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1 quality of life. This is unacceptable and EDF

2 respectfully asks that Administrator Jackson

3 set the National Ambient Air Quality Standard

4 at 60 parts per billion.

5 And also on a personal note, I

6 don't suffer from any lung ailments and I've

7 not been diagnosed with anything, but I am

8 pretty active person. I like to run outside,

9 do my 5 and 10Ks. And it's interesting to

10 have kind of conflicting messages and

11 statistics on obesity and the need to be

12 active. And it's hard to be active when you

13 can't go outside and do anything. Also for

14 those reasons I think the 60-parts-per-billion

15 standard will have positive ripple effects

16 throughout communities.

17 Thank you.

18 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. And if

19 you can submit the citation to the study you

20 -- 

21 MS. KUSTIN: Yes.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Great. Great. 
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1 Thank you both.

2 Our next speakers: Joshua Tooker

3 and Jim Howard. And after that we'll be

4 calling Bill Dell and Michael St. Denis. So

5 Joshua Tooker and Jim Howard.

6 That's all right. Take your time.

7 MR. TOOKER: Thank you for having

8 this hearing and allowing for public comment

9 on this important issue. My name is Josh

10 Tooker and I am the Legislative Director for

11 California State Senator Alan Lowenthal.

12 Senator Lowenthal represents

13 several cities in southwest Los Angeles

14 County. The district is surrounded by several

15 major freeway. On the west is the nation's

16 largest port industrial complex. Next to the

17 ports, to the north and east are several major

18 oil refineries. And just south is the

19 happiest place on Earth, Disneyland. 

20 Senator Lowenthal is a

21 psychologist by trade and because of that he

22 has really made it a priority to not only meet
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1 with his constituents but to listen to them,

2 and they are suffering. He has heard from

3 constituents thousands of times, the stories

4 of working families struggling to make ends

5 meet without healthcare, having to spend many

6 hours in the middle of the night waiting in an

7 emergency room so their child can be treated

8 for asthma.

9 The number one reason for

10 absenteeism for students in the Long Beach

11 Unified School District is asthma. How can

12 students learn if they cannot attend school

13 because of the overwhelming cloud of pollution

14 hanging over us? These children are our

15 future. They are our future doctors, nurses,

16 teachers, entrepreneurs. But they are

17 suffering. How can you help? By adopting the

18 most protective regulation for human health.

19 I understand that this will be

20 difficult and there is opposition. However,

21 if something less stringent is adopted, then

22 we know that there will be thousands of cases
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1 of asthma, respiratory illness, and premature

2 deaths that could have otherwise been avoided.

3 Economic growth is important and

4 should be supported. However, what good are

5 new jobs if the workforce is in the hospital? 

6 If we're spending billions on healthcare costs

7 that could easily have been avoided, that's

8 bad for the economy because that's billions of

9 dollars that could have been used for economic

10 development and job growth.

11 I'll leave you with one personal

12 example for the senator, since he lives next

13 to the Port of L.A. and Long Beach. 

14 California moves almost half of the nation's

15 goods. And a study in 2006 by the California

16 Air Resources Board had estimated that goods17 movement pollution alone currently costs

18 California approximately $13.3 billion a year. 

19 And for every $1 spent to reduce this

20 pollution we save between 3 to $8.

21 Additionally, the study found that

22 goods-movement pollution is responsible for a
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1 little over 3,400 premature deaths every year

2 in California.

3 We need to realize that reducing

4 our pollution reducing our healthcare costs

5 dramatically, increases worker production, and

6 greatly stimulates the economy for

7 generations. A healthy population is a

8 population that will grow our economy. Thank

9 you very much.

10 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

11 and thank you to the senator for having you

12 come today.

13 MR. HOWARD: Good morning. I

14 guess it's still morning. My name is Jim

15 Howard. I'm a volunteer member of the Board

16 of the American Lung Association here in

17 California.

18 Thank you for this opportunity to

19 speak in favor of strengthening the national

20 standard for ozone pollution, in order to

21 better protect the health of millions of

22 Americans.
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1 It's appropriate to hold this

2 discussion in Sacramento, where we face severe

3 ozone pollution and its health impacts. These

4 problems can only be addressed through

5 stronger standards. We are particularly

6 concerned about the impacts of ozone on our

7 most vulnerable population, including the

8 elderly, children, and those living with

9 chronic respiratory illnesses like asthma,

10 which is a significant concern here in the

11 Sacramento region.

12 Sacramento is my home and home to

13 some of the worst air quality in the United

14 States. The American Lung Association's

15 Annual State of the Air Report lists

16 Sacramento as the sixth most ozone-polluted

17 city and Sacramento County, the twelfth most18 polluted county in the United States. 

19 Therefore, the EPA must take this opportunity

20 to strengthen the ozone standard to 60 parts

21 per billion to address this issue here, across

22 California and the nation, to better protect
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1 the public's health.

2 As you know, ozone poses a serious

3 threat to human health by burning our lungs

4 and airways as we breathe. As I said, this is

5 especially true in Sacramento and throughout

6 the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, where

7 heavy traffic emissions in a hot, sunny

8 climate, not like today however, present the

9 perfect conditions for summer ozone formation.

10 The Sacramento region experienced

11 21-ozone exceedence days last summer, with a

12 high ozone peak of 101 parts per billion. All

13 told, Sacramento had over a month's worth --

14 that would be 32 days -- last summer where

15 pollution levels were considered unhealthy for

16 sensitive groups.

17 Among those most impacted be ozone

18 are the roughly 200,000 people living here,

19 including over 50,000 under the age of 18

20 living with asthma in the greater Sacramento

21 region. According to our local health

22 department, the Sacramento Department of
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1 Public Health, in 2005 about 18 percent of the

2 county's residents were diagnosed with asthma,

3 compared to roughly 14 percent statewide.

4 This places California's lifetime5 asthma-prevalence rate approximately 30

6 percent higher than the statewide average. We

7 are particularly concerned the impacts of

8 ozone pollution on our most vulnerable

9 population, as I mentioned: In children, the

10 elderly, low-income communities, communities

11 of color, and those with heart and lung

12 disease.

13 Nearly one quarter of Sacramento

14 County's adolescents aged 12 to 17 have been

15 diagnosed with asthma. Sacramento's African

16 American population, at approximately 23

17 percent, had a higher rate than among the

18 county's white population. Asthma rates among

19 African Americans and Latinos in Sacramento

20 are also higher than the state average for

21 these same populations. 

22 All residents of Sacramento share
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1 the burden of unhealthy ozone pollution and

2 many of us face even more severe impacts as a

3 result. We along with every other community

4 in the United States deserve clean air now. 

5 We urge EPA to adopt the strongest standard to

6 make this possible. Please adopt the 60-part7 per-billion standard to protect our health. 

8 Thank you.

9 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much,

10 Mr. Howard. Thank you both.

11 Our next speakers are Bill Dell

12 and Dr. Michael St. Denis. And after that it

13 will be Nidia Bautista and Thomas Scheffelin.

14 MR. DELL: Good morning. My name

15 is Bill Dell. I'm Executive Director of

16 Business Development for SysTech

17 International. I'm also here to testify on

18 behalf of CITA North America, whose members

19 include companies that design, build, and

20 operate vehicle-emission inspection programs,

21 I/M programs, in most of the ozone22 nonattainment jurisdictions in the United
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1 States.

2 SysTech, with I/M contracts in 12

3 states, is an active CITA member. CITA is an

4 international not-for-profit association based

5 on in Brussels, Belgium. It represents

6 various types of organizations and

7 stakeholders in the government and private

8 sector, dedicated inspection centers, garage9 based test centers, and equipment

10 manufacturers who share a common interest in

11 exchanging information, developing best

12 practices, and draft international standards

13 in the field of road-vehicle inspection. CITA

14 currently has about 110 members worldwide,

15 representing over 50 countries and covering

16 hundreds of millions of vehicle inspections

17 per year.

18 SysTech International and all of

19 the members of CITA North America are in

20 strong support of EPA's proposal to strengthen

21 the eight-hour primary ozone standard,

22 designed to protect public health, to a level
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1 within the range of 60 to 70 ppb, and update

2 the air quality index for ozone.

3 Stronger standards will ensure

4 that in-use motor-vehicle emissions continue

5 to be reduced. Motor vehicles are the

6 principal source of nitrogen oxide, volatile

7 organic compounds, and carbon monoxide

8 emissions, which are primary precursors of

9 ground-level ozone in metropolitan areas of

10 the United States. For over 30 years, private

11 sector companies, in collaboration with state

12 and local regulatory agencies, have developed

13 cost-effective programs to find high-polluting

14 vehicles and require them to be repaired.

15 Our member companies have created

16 many new innovative patented technologies that

17 have kept pace with the vehicle technology and

18 are global standards for vehicle-emission

19 testing, resulting in successful international

20 trade as well as a prospering domestic

21 industry.

22 This spirit of innovation thrives
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1 today. A recent example is wireless, remote

2 OBD testing which continuously monitors

3 vehicle-emission components on post-1996

4 vehicles and reports high-polluting conditions

5 wirelessly to a telecommunication network. 

6 Another example is remote sensing, which

7 measures motor vehicle exhaust as vehicles

8 drive past a gas-sensing device on the

9 roadside.

10 The President of the United States

11 has made it a national priority to create

12 green jobs. The vehicle-emission inspection

13 industry has always been a source of green

14 jobs. The companies that inspect vehicle

15 inspections manage programs, design and build

16 testing equipment, and supply a host of

17 support products and services for the I/M

18 programs, employ thousands of people

19 nationwide while helping to make our air

20 cleaner and healthier.

21 The proposed new ozone standard

22 will make the most of the billions of dollars
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1 spent nationwide over the past 30 years that

2 created the I/M industry. This public

3 investment, made to reduce vehicle emissions,

4 has had visible and healthful effects. 

5 Stronger standards will continue to reap the

6 rewards of this investment, save lives, and

7 improve the health of at-risk populations such

8 as children and people with asthma and older

9 adults.

10 I/M programs assert that vital

11 vehicle maintenance is not deferred. 

12 Neglecting proper vehicle maintenance is bad

13 for the environment, bad for public safety,

14 and bad for the economy. Vehicles that are

15 properly maintained have better fuel economy. 

16 So I/M programs help reduce fuel consumption

17 and reduce reliance on imported oil.

18 I/M programs have always been the

19 most effective way to reduce precursors to

20 ground-level ozone. An effective I/M program

21 can offset mandatory controls on the

22 manufacturing sector, which can harm local
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1 economies. The I/M industry continues today

2 to implement programs efficiently, cost3 effectively, and quickly, benefitting local

4 economies while achieving the air quality

5 improvement commitments made to the U.S. EPA

6 by state governments.

7 SysTech International agrees with

8 the U.S. EPA's regulatory impact analysis that

9 estimates the value of health benefits of

10 reducing ozone. The benefits exceed the cost,

11 and there is an opportunity to significantly

12 reduce public health and save millions of

13 missed school, work days, as well as reduce

14 premature mortality by adopting stronger ozone

15 standards.

16 We note that the U.S. EPA plans to

17 issue final standards by August 31st, 2010,

18 following the regulatory process that is being

19 projected, that attainment dates for the new

20 standards will be between 2014 and 2031. 

21 SysTech recommends that states which

22 voluntarily implement programs to achieve the
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1 new standards early be recognized for their

2 efforts, similar to the way that EPA

3 established Early-Action Compacts with states

4 in the last decade. Public health will

5 benefit and green industries, including the

6 I/M industry, will be encouraged to rise to

7 the challenge.

8 On behalf of SysTech International

9 and the members of CITA North America we thank

10 you for the opportunity to be heard on this

11 extremely important issue and urge the U.S.

12 EPA to adopt stronger ozone standards.

13 I'd like to extend my written

14 remarks by saying on SysTech's behave that

15 they would mean 60 parts per billion. I think

16 the members of CTIA North America would agree

17 and I think you will get a letter to that

18 effect from the current president of CTIA

19 North America. Thanks again.

20 MS. WEGMAN: Great. Thank you for

21 that clarification.

22 And I just want to make sure I
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1 understand, are you saying you were supportive

2 of the EAC Program and are looking for

3 something similar to that or...

4 MR. DELL: Actually I didn't

5 comment on that. The EAC?

6 MS. [SPEAKER]: The Early-Action

7 Compact.

8 MR. DELL: Oh, the Early-Action

9 Compact.

10 MS. WEGMAN: Yeah. I'm sorry. 

11 The EAC.

12 MR. DELL: Yes. Yes, the Early13 Action Compact, as it could relate to this

14 implementation of these new standards, if

15 possible.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you.

17 MR. ST. DENIS: Thank you. First

18 I'd like to thank the U.S. EPA for the

19 opportunity to testify at this hearing. I'm

20 Michael St. Denis, Principal Scientist and

21 Owner of Revecorp, an air pollution research

22 company focusing on vehicle emissions.
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1 I've been working in the field of

2 vehicle-emissions control for almost 20 years

3 and worked on the original pilot studies that

4 resulted in the development of the vehicle5 emissions testing procedures still in use

6 today, including those used in California Smog

7 Check.

8 I have worked with almost all of

9 the test equipment and emissions-testing

10 service providers in the industry, including

11 Mr. Dell here, and more than half the state

12 government inspection-and-maintenance

13 programs, including doing research for the

14 U.S. EPA, California Air Resources Board, and

15 the automotive industry.

16 As we all know, vehicles are the

17 single largest source of ozone precursors,

18 hydrocarbons, and NOX. Significant progress

19 has been made over the past 20 years to reduce

20 emissions from vehicles with a great focus on

21 new vehicles and their emissions-control

22 technology. Unfortunately, new vehicles are
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1 only new and emitting at new levels for a

2 relatively short period of time. The bulk of

3 the excess emissions come from changes that

4 take place while the vehicles are in use. And

5 those are dependent upon many factors,

6 including the vehicle owners.

7 Regulatory agencies including the

8 U.S. EPA have not had the same focus on in-use

9 vehicle-emissions reductions programs as they

10 have had on new vehicle programs, even though

11 in-use vehicle programs are where the major

12 emission reductions are achieved.

13 Vehicle-inspection programs can be

14 highly cost-effective at reducing ozone

15 precursors if they are properly designed and

16 operated. Vehicle inspection programs also

17 provide employment opportunities and help the

18 ailing auto industry to stimulating the need

19 for vehicle service and replacement parts

20 while at the same time improving air quality.

21 Other major benefits include

22 improved fuel economy and the associated
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1 reductions in dependence on foreign oil that

2 those were achieving, as well as cost savings

3 for consumers and the health benefits as well.

4 In the mid 1990s EPA proposed a

5 50-percent discredit for vehicle-inspection

6 programs which are decentralized, that is,

7 operated by private garages, such as those in

8 California. Even this automatic -- eventually

9 this automatic discredit was replaced with

10 flexibility which allowed states to prove that

11 their vehicle-inspection programs are as

12 effective as they claim. Fifteen years later

13 EPA has not forced states to do the required

14 'program evaluations,' which proved the

15 effectiveness of their programs, and the less16 efficient decentralized programs are still in

17 place in California, for instance.

18 If EPA is serious about reducing

19 public exposures to ozone, you must increase

20 your focus on vehicle-inspection programs and

21 making sure the states have the effectiveness

22 that they claim. California has found in
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1 their studies, which have recently been

2 released, that there is almost a 50-percent

3 fraud rate in the vehicle-inspection program

4 in this state. Oddly, the same discount that

5 EPA proposed in the mid-1990s. Yet 15 years

6 later, the California program is allowed to

7 operate their vehicle-inspection program in

8 the same ineffective manner that they always

9 have and take full credit.

10 If the ozone standard is reduced

11 vehicle-inspection programs can help achieve

12 the revised standard. The industry has the

13 technology to achieve the emissions reductions

14 in a cost-effective manner. I support the

15 reduction in the ozone standard, but only if

16 EPA provides more support and focus on

17 vehicle-inspection programs in the future.

18 The recession has hit the country

19 hard and has resulted in lower new car and

20 truck sales, with older vehicles remaining on

21 the road longer. These vehicles will pollute

22 more as they continue to age and accumulate
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1 higher mileages. Particularly under the

2 current economic conditions, vehicle3 inspection programs are needed to offset the

4 accelerated aging of the vehicles' fleet and

5 ensure pollution from those cars and trucks

6 remain within acceptable limits.

7 The EPA's focus and guidance must

8 include providing the research necessary for

9 states to evaluate their vehicle-inspection

10 programs, requiring states to perform their

11 program evaluations, and requiring programs to

12 meet this new level of effectiveness which

13 they keep claiming.

14 Thank you very much.

15 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

16 Our next speakers are Nidia

17 Bautista and Thomas Scheffelin. And after

18 that we'll have David Schonbrunn and Charles

19 Ashley.

20 MS. BAUTISTA: Good afternoon. My

21 name is Nidia Bautista. And I'll spell that. 

22 It's N-i-d-i-a and the last name is B-, as in
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1 boy, -a-u-t-i-s-t-a. And I'm the Policy

2 Director at the Coalition for Clean Air.

3 And the Coalition for Clean Air is

4 a statewide air quality advocacy organization. 

5 We have an office here in Sacramento, in

6 Fresno, and in Los Angeles. And we've been

7 around for nearly 40 years. And in those 40

8 years been working to clean up and ensure

9 healthy air for all Californians.

10 And we're very pleased that the

11 U.S. EPA is having a hearing here in

12 California, in this great state. Admittedly,

13 we would have appreciated many more hearings

14 in our state, considering how large it is and

15 how diverse it is and also, unfortunately, how

16 polluted it is.

17 Of course the good news is that in

18 California we have also demonstrated our

19 ability to really make progress on that front. 

20 And certainly over the 40 years of our

21 organization's existence we have seen a lot of

22 that.
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1 Even in the face of the vocal

2 critics who said it couldn't be done and it's

3 just too costly and we can't afford it, we

4 can't do it, California has shown that we can

5 do it. Whether it was the catalytic converter

6 or doing away with incinerators in out

7 backyards, we've done a lot in California to

8 move in that direction. However, we know that

9 we still have a long way to go. And the

10 realities are that even with the existing

11 standards, about 90 percent of Californians

12 are living in areas that fail to meet federal

13 air quality standards.

14 But in order to ensure that we're

15 on a path to clean air, we need the federal

16 government to exercise its full authority

17 under the federal Clean Air Act. And the

18 first critical step in that is really

19 establishing the adequate standards and

20 adequate goals. For this reason, we are very

21 supportive of a more health protective

22 standard for ozone, specifically a 60-parts-
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1 per-million standard. And we also support

2 establishing a secondary standard for

3 vegetation protection.

4 As has been noted by your own

5 documents, the science is very clear regarding

6 the adverse health impacts. And the list of

7 impacts which have been shared today and even

8 in your documents: Premature death, asthma,

9 chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis,

10 diminished lung function, restricted-activity

11 days, chest pain, wheezing, the litany of

12 health impacts, these are all too real for the

13 thousands of Californian residents who suffer

14 with these impacts and for the millions who

15 are affected because they either have to

16 figure out a way to stay home from work to

17 care for a sick child, maybe the employer who

18 has to scramble to figure out who can cover

19 for an employee who had to miss work because

20 they themselves are sick or are caring for a

21 sick relative, for the teacher who has to

22 reteach that lesson for a child who may have
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1 missed a week or two school because of

2 respiratory illnesses, or the nurse who gets

3 inundated in the emergency room because of

4 these impacts.

5 Myself, having grown up in

6 Southern California in the San Gabriel Valley

7 in the 1980s, at a time when I think it was

8 the Ozoozo (phonetic) ozone monitor was kind

9 of the epicenter of the worst air in the

10 nation, oftentimes cited as that, admittedly

11 at that time there was no awareness or

12 understanding for myself or my parents about

13 the connection between what was out there and

14 the air and what was happening inside my

15 lungs. If you had called my parents, though

16 I had experienced bronchitis on a regular

17 basis and respiratory problems, if you asked

18 them do any of your children have asthma, they

19 would have said no, because there they did not

20 know. And I'm sure that that's true for many

21 parents even today.

22 It was one day when I was trying
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1 to walk home from school and trying to get

2 home and not being able to, and then it being

3 very real, being at the clinic that day on a

4 respiratory machine, seeing a man next to me

5 who was on a much more complicated machine and

6 wondering whether that was the future I had to

7 look forward to, and now knowing that my own

8 nieces and nephews who are growing up in

9 Riverside are also suffering with asthma.

10 Now, mind you, these are parents

11 like my own and my sister and the thousands of

12 parents who suffer -- who have children

13 suffering with asthma, you know they are

14 largely inclined to work hard and have a self15 reliance ethic. They are not necessarily

16 looking for help from government, but in this

17 case they are confronting the realities of

18 their own capacity, of their own ability to

19 control the situation, knowing that they need

20 government's help. For that reason, we really

21 urge the EPA to adopt the 60-parts-per-million

22 standard. We want to join with these parents
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1 and with all the thousands of parents to

2 really protect these children.

3 And the great news there is that

4 we know that there is a lot that can be done. 

5 And the experience here in California and

6 other places has shown that we can do it and

7 that it can be cost-effective. And so I just

8 want to urge you that the time is right and we

9 really appreciate you being here. And for the

10 thousands of parents who couldn't come, please

11 adopt that standard. Thank you.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

13 for being here, representing all these people.

14 MR. SCHEFFELIN: I thank the U.S.

15 EPA staff for the opportunity to speak as a

16 private citizen. My name is Tom Scheffelin. 

17 My last name is spelled S-c-h-e-f-f-e-l-i-n.

18 I represent only myself. These

19 comments are my own personal viewpoints and

20 observations based on 25 years of professional

21 engineering experience in manufacturing,

22 aerospace, and government. I am a licensed
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1 mechanical engineer in the state of

2 California. And I love to bicycle to work and

3 to either scooter or bicycle to school with my

4 two sons year round.

5 The purpose of my testimony is to

6 provide information on the health effects, the

7 economic effects, and the spiritual effects of

8 this proposed ozone standard, for those in our

9 population that are frequently ignored in such

10 regulations. My comments are relevant to

11 children, children that must be driven to

12 school, children unable to safely walk or

13 bicycle to school, those with physical

14 limitations that are deprived of mobility due

15 to a lack of sidewalks, obstructions in

16 existing sidewalks, or a lack of public

17 transit. Lastly, my comments are relevant to

18 the estimated one-third of our population that

19 is too young to drive, was never able to

20 drive, or is no longer able to drive.

21 There is a growing body of

22 scientific evidence that proves that exercise
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1 is the body's best weapon against disease and

2 the harmful effects of air pollution. People

3 want and need the opportunity to safely

4 exercise as part of their daily activities,

5 such as commuting to work or outdoor play and

6 recreation.

7 Because our communities are mainly

8 designed for the automobile, many adults and

9 children are limited to obtaining exercise at

10 a gym or through organized sports, which

11 usually require time, money, and a car. 

12 Building sidewalks or bicycle lanes is always

13 costly, however such community improvements

14 can only occur with the taxes from

15 economically-productive citizens.

16 Many children and their parents

17 that have the opportunity to safely walk or

18 bicycle to school will in fact do so as the

19 growing Safe Routes to School Program

20 demonstrates. People that regularly exercise

21 are more alert, more fit, have fewer sick

22 days, have lower healthcare costs, will live
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1 longer, and will have a higher quality of

2 life. A slightly-lower ambient ozone level

3 will not give anyone safer streets, not give

4 anyone more sidewalks, or not give anyone

5 better health through exercise. In fact, the

6 opposite will occur.

7 Cities, counties, and states will

8 not have sufficient revenues to improve our

9 communities. As recent headlines show,

10 layoffs and service cuts will incur instead. 

11 The positive health effects of further

12 decreasing ambient ozone will never be fully

13 known, only approximated. Staff from the

14 regulatory community seek to determine the

15 effects of chemicals on public health, yet

16 completely ignore the ability of the human

17 body to thrive despite those chemicals from

18 regular exercise.

19 Lastly, in light of the recent

20 immoral, unethical, and illegal climate-change

21 data manipulation, ignoring vast amounts of

22 readily-available data that refute their
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1 predetermined conclusions, I question the U.S.

2 EPA's scientific review of the health benefits

3 of this proposed ozone standard. Since the

4 federal and state governments have refused to

5 recognize that their climate-change

6 legislation is based on a lie, I must

7 regretfully question the truthfulness of this

8 report.

9 The California regulatory

10 community has no more industries of any

11 consequential emissions left to regulate, with

12 only three exceptions. California's economic

13 activity must be reduced to achieve the

14 necessary ozone reductions. Many of the

15 unemployed -- many of the unemployed will be

16 underemployed. Many of the underemployed will

17 become unemployed and many of the unemployed

18 will give up looking for a job. Mandatory

19 restrictions on driving your car may be

20 required. A commuter tax may be created.

21 Finally, the new-home-building

22 industry must be eliminated or reduced to near
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1 zero. In a given community, fewer new houses

2 means fewer new drivers and less ozone. 

3 Government officials in the media that tout

4 green jobs as our economic savior cite growth

5 statistics to back up their claim. However,

6 those statistics are misleading. Three facts

7 are omitted.

8 Fact one, for every green job

9 created, over two jobs must first be

10 eliminated. Fact two, as a percentage of the

11 workforce, so few are currently working in the

12 green jobs sector, that their percentage

13 employment increase is irrelevant. And, fact

14 three, the job qualifications for green jobs

15 are highly demanding. According to a recent

16 job notice, perhaps 1 applicant in 300 would

17 qualify to install solar panels.

18 The citizens of this country do

19 not want handouts. They want. They want

20 dignity, self-worth, and creativity, something

21 gainful-and-productive employment can provide. 

22 Therefore I respectfully request you consider
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1 delaying this proposed ozone standard for

2 seven years.

3 Due to normal fleet attrition and

4 the near-zero emissions of modern cars and

5 trucks, the ozone-forming emissions from the

6 total California on-road fleet is estimated to

7 fall by 28 percent in five years, without any

8 additional regulations, without causing any

9 economic pain, without depriving communities

10 of their needed revenue to provide basic

11 services, much less walking-and-bicycling

12 community improvements. By delaying this

13 regulation, we get cleaner air, more livable

14 communities, and healthy citizens.

15 And, finally, Mr. President, I

16 want you to hear the words I often hear my

17 minster say, "God bless, America."

18 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you. 

19 Thank you very much.

20 Our next two speakers are David

21 Schonbrunn and Charles Ashley. And after that

22 it will be Ruth Young and Pamela Osgood.
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1 MR. SCHONBRUNN: Good afternoon. 

2 I'm David Schonbrunn, D-a-v-i-d

3 S-c-h-o-n-b-r-u-n-n, President of the

4 Transportation Solutions Defense and Education

5 Fund, which we call TSDEF, which is spelled

6 with all capital letters.

7 We have extensive involvement in

8 the ozone SIP Development process in the San

9 Francisco Bay Area. We sued EPA during that

10 process. As a result of our petition the

11 Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a stay

12 of implementation of the motor vehicle

13 emissions budget for 2001, which then

14 triggered a conformity lapse in the Bay Area.

15 This resulted in the legislative

16 adoption of Smog Check II Protocol in the Bay

17 Area, which had been subject to a much more

18 mild form of Smog Check than previously. And

19 this then resulted in reducing export of ozone

20 precursors to the Central Valley.

21 I mention all of this to

22 demonstrate that we have been on the sharp end
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1 of the Clean Air Act, where the rubber truly

2 hits the road. And, as you probably know, at

3 least in California, motor vehicle emissions

4 are by far the largest emission source

5 category for ozone precursors.

6 We are pleased to see this

7 reconsideration of the ozone NAAQS and a

8 return to science-based standard setting. We

9 strongly objected to the faith-based process

10 that resulted in the current standard. We do

11 not hold faith in industry voices that have

12 apparently never met an epidemiological study

13 they could believe in.

14 I would invite you to ask the

15 representative of the American Petroleum

16 Institute whether he would subject his own

17 child to the same controlled human exposure

18 tests that he dismissed as not showing health

19 impacts.

20 The rhetoric of these industry

21 voices is reminiscent of the seminal industry

22 disinformation campaign, the tobacco industry
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1 campaign to evade regulation of smoking and

2 the promotion of tobacco. We are seeing the

3 same industry groups using these same

4 strategies to deflect and delay regulation of

5 greenhouse gases by promoting public doubts

6 about global warming. You just heard a little

7 bit of that.

8 Please consider the comments of

9 industry in the context of this ongoing

10 disinformation program. Please don't fall for

11 their arguments, which seek the right to

12 continue poisoning the American public, thus

13 increasing their profits by shifting the costs

14 of public health onto the public -- not

15 appropriate.

16 We also heard from Mr. Davis of

17 the Southern California Contractors, and I

18 wanted to reframe something he said. He

19 quoted that 96 percent of monitored counties

20 would be in nonattainment if the .060 standard

21 were adopted. That means contrary to this

22 being a situation of gloom and doom, we see
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1 this as quite an opportunity, an opportunity

2 to bring public health to a vast number of

3 Americans. So rather than looking at it as a

4 bad thing, we see it, again, as a great public

5 opportunity.

6 We encourage EPA to drop the

7 standard to at least .060 because the evidence

8 indicates that ozone at this level can impair

9 lung function in healthy individuals. A level

10 any higher than that would threaten sensitive

11 individuals, and we suspect that future

12 epidemiological information may support an

13 even lower standard.

14 I want to call your attention to a

15 cobenefit that would result from setting the

16 standard at .060 and that's the reduction in

17 greenhouse gases, which is a national goal. 

18 Finally, on a personal note I was

19 an asthmatic as a child. I had a bad seasonal

20 flu over the holidays recently and found

21 myself wheezing and having flashbacks of

22 asthmatic attacks, so this issue is personally
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1 important for me.

2 Please recommend the primary

3 standard of .060 ppm and a secondary standard

4 of 7 ppm hours. Thank you very much.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

6 MR. ASHLEY: My name is Charles

7 Ashley, first name C-h-a-r-l-e-s, last name

8 A-s-h-l-e-y. I represent the Sierra Club

9 Tehipite Chapter, located in Fresno,

10 California, in the San Joaquin Valley.

11 And I will tell you first off: 

12 Please adopt the 60 parts per billion standard

13 or less. This is all about the two E words: 

14 Economy and environment.

15 I asked my 11-year-old daughter

16 what I should say to you today. Which is more

17 important, I asked, the economy or the

18 environment? Without hesitation she said: 

19 The environment. When I asked why, she said: 

20 Because we live in it.

21 I think she hit the nail on the

22 head. The environment does not need the
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1 economy. In fact, I doubt anyone would argue

2 that throughout history the economy has been

3 particularly good for the environment. On the

4 other hand, the economy needs the environment

5 in order to exist.

6 If the environment goes belly up,

7 then guess what, the economy goes belly up

8 too. But economies need people who profit --

9 but economies and the people who profit from

10 economies don't seem to get the simple fact. 

11 They don't get it because they are so short12 sighted, they look ahead only a year or two. 

13 Capitalist economies are interested in profits

14 for investors and anything that gets in the

15 way of profits is a communist plot.

16 However, the facts speak

17 differently. High ozone and other pollutants

18 hurt the economy because they hurt workers and

19 consumers. Here are some actual facts:

20 From Medicine Daily, a new 18-year

21 nationwide study of U.S. cities conducted at

22 the New York University of Medical School
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1 found that long-term exposure to high levels

2 of ground ozone, a main component of smog, was

3 linked to significantly higher risk of dying

4 from respiratory disease.

5 The researchers found also that

6 the estimated risk of dying from respiratory

7 disease went up by four percent for each

8 increase in 10 parts per billion of ozone. 

9 The city with the highest mean daily maximum

10 ozone concentration was Riverside, California,

11 with 104 parts per billion. This corresponded

12 to about 50-percent higher risk of dying from

13 lung disease compared out no exposure to

14 ozone.

15 Los Angeles came a close second

16 with an estimated 43-percent increased risk of

17 dying from lung disease.

18 According to the California

19 Partnership for the San Joaquin Valley, PM2.5,

20 that is particulate matter 2.5 microns or

21 less, and ozone exposure both have substantial

22 adverse health impacts. One in six valley
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1 residents has been diagnosed with asthma. 

2 Young people who grow up in smoggy areas have

3 underdeveloped lungs by age 18 and will likely

4 never recover.

5 Each year asthma accounts for over

6 800,000 days of valley school absences. 

7 Despite significant reductions in emissions of

8 ozone-forming pollutants during the past 15

9 years, valley residents still breathe ozone

10 levels above the federal eight-hour standard

11 about one-third of the year.

12 A recent report puts the cost of

13 nonattainment at more than $3 billion per year

14 or average of $1,000 per valley resident per

15 year. That's in the San Joaquin Valley alone.

16 From the Journal of Environmental

17 Health, 2007, the San Joaquin Valley has ozone

18 levels that are among the highest recorded in

19 history. In 2001 the San Joaquin Valley

20 violated the federal eight-hour ozone standard

21 101 times. While the San Joaquin Valley as a

22 whole reports some of the worst air quality
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1 measures in the country, one county in

2 particular, Fresno County, where I live in the

3 foothills, contributes disproportionately to

4 air-quality impacts. In 2002, Fresno had the

5 third worst ozone pollution among metropolitan

6 areas across the nation.

7 The 2003 State of the Air Report

8 showed that Fresno had moved up to second

9 place in terms of air pollution. Not

10 surprisingly, Fresno County has one of the

11 highest asthma mortality rates in the country

12 and the third-highest mortality rate from

13 asthma. That's according to the American Lung

14 Association.

15 MR. MAYS: You've got 40 seconds.

16 MR. ASHLEY: Okay. One of the

17 biggest problems is that this air -- the ozone

18 goes up into the mountains where I live and it

19 gets even worse up there. Okay, so please

20 adopt that 60 parts per billion or less. 

21 Thank you very much.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. Do you
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1 have any view on the secondary standard? I

2 just wondered.

3 MR. ASHLEY: What is it, that 7 to

4 15 parts per billion -- 

5 MS. WEGMAN: Um-hum.

6 MR. ASHLEY: -- per hour I guess

7 it is?

8 MS. WEGMAN: That's right.

9 MR. ASHLEY: Yes, or less. Thank

10 you.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you

12 both.

13 Our next two speakers are Ruth

14 Young and Pamela Osgood. And after that we'll

15 have Sarah Sharpe and Jack Broadbent. And

16 then we'll take a lunch break.

17 MS. OSGOOD: My name is Pamela

18 Osgood. She said I should go before here. 

19 P-a-m-e-l-a. Osgood, O-s-g-o-o-d.

20 I don't have a lot of facts here. 

21 I'm speaking as an individual citizen and a

22 person on the Earth. But, unfortunately, I
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1 think in the last eight -- not this last, the

2 one year, but the eight years before that and

3 maybe more, the American people have lost

4 faith in the EPA enforcing any rules. And so

5 I think it's all well and fine that you set,

6 and I do support the maximum of the 60-parts7 per-billion standard, but it has to be

8 enforced.

9 I live in San Francisco but I'm

10 from Texas, and I know that Texas was just

11 polluting off the -- just nothing was

12 enforced. And so I don't know what it takes

13 to get these wonderful standards enforced, but

14 that's what we need.

15 I just came back from India and

16 I've been there a number of times and used to

17 live there. If you want an example of where

18 they have wonderful laws but nothing is

19 enforced, it's India. And it's very difficult

20 to breathe wherever you are in India. I think

21 the United States should be setting an example

22 for the world. The EPA and the other agencies
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1 should be setting an example for the world and

2 we shouldn't be lagging behind.

3 In California and I think a lot of

4 states, I believe that the farming equipment

5 is not included, but farming, a lot of

6 pollution, my cousin who lives in a county in

7 Texas and only has 10,000 people, has had

8 asthma for many years, a very young man. And

9 the farming -- and also another thing is I've

10 lived in other rural areas in other states

11 also, there don't seem to be any laws at least

12 enforced around burning of garbage in your

13 backyard. People don't realize burning all

14 their plastic and everything, just in the open

15 50-gallon drums is awful.

16 I'm begging you today not to cave

17 to industry. Most of the people here today

18 have not spoken on behalf of industry, but I

19 know they are sending you thousands of pages

20 to read and supporting less-stringent

21 regulations. But, you know what, I think they

22 have children too and I think they want to
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1 have grandchildren and see their grandchildren

2 grow up. So it's a little bit like the

3 cigarette industry was years ago when they

4 were saying, oh, you know, nothing wrong with

5 smoking, and when they were actually putting

6 more addictive stuff into the cigarettes,

7 which was uncovered.

8 So, anyway, I just want to say if

9 some factories can reduce their pollution, if

10 they can put on -- and I know the European

11 community has strong standards, I don't know

12 what exactly they are, but I do know that the

13 ones joining from Eastern Europe, joining the

14 EU, have to raise their standards to pollute

15 less as the other countries in the European

16 Union, if some factories can do it others can

17 do it. If some automobiles can pollute less,

18 all of them can.

19 If Toyota can within a couple of

20 weeks fix this whole problem with the brakes,

21 hey, you know, we can do it. We have the

22 brightest minds -- I don't want to say we have
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1 the brightest minds in the world, but we have

2 a lot of the brightest minds. And a lot of

3 them have come from other parts of the world.

4 So I say a little less profit for

5 the stockholders, a little less profit for the

6 CEOs' millions, and we could fix this

7 situation very quickly. Thank you.

8 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

9 MS. OSGOOD: I have to go

10 unfortunately because my bus is leaving.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you for

12 staying to provide testimony, we really

13 appreciate it.

14 MS. YOUNG: Hi. Good afternoon.

15 MS. WEGMAN: And thanks to both of

16 you for staying. A lot of patience there.

17 MS. YOUNG: He's been good.

18 MS. WEGMAN: Yeah.

19 MS. YOUNG: My name is Ruth Young,

20 Y-o-u-n-g. I am an attorney, Sacramento

21 resident, and Sierra Club member, but I'm here

22 mostly today as a mom. And I'm here as a mom
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1 who supports stricter standards on air quality

2 control, specifically the 60 pars per billion.

3 When Sam was born, he weighed 1

4 pound, 8 ounces. He was born at 24-weeks

5 gestation. So Sam has been diagnosed -- this

6 is a picture of him when he was born -- he's

7 been diagnosed as having chronic lung disease.

8 When we talk about the health risk

9 to our children and we talk about children

10 that will fall into those categories, whether

11 it's a "may" or an "if," there is not a

12 question, Sam is that target child. He is

13 already in that group and will remain in that

14 group for the rest of his life.

15 So when we talk about air quality,

16 and especially me as a parent, it's been

17 weighing a little more heavily on his mind

18 because the regulations that we adopt will

19 profoundly affect the quality of his life. It

20 is not an "if," but it will profoundly affect

21 where he goes, what he does, where he can

22 live, and how he can enjoy life.
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1 So I just wanted to kind of put a

2 face to that group of children that are in

3 that category, because this is the kid. It's

4 already him. And I just want to urge my

5 support for the rules that you are proposing,

6 specifically the primary and secondary level

7 and the 60 parts per billion. And I want to

8 thank you in that regard.

9 MS. WEGMAN: Well, thank you so

10 much for coming today and bringing Sam. And

11 it's good to see how big he's grown. And we

12 hope for the best for him and we'll do all we

13 can. Thank you very much.

14 Thanks, Sam. Bye-bye. Bye,

15 sweetie.

16 MR. YOUNG: Bye-bye.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Bye-bye. Thanks for

18 being such a good boy.

19 Okay. Sarah Sharpe and Jack

20 Broadbent. And we'll actually have one more

21 person after lunch -- I'm sorry -- before

22 lunch, Daniel Scott, after these two speakers.
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1 MS. SHARPE: Good afternoon. I

2 have to compose myself. That made me, like,

3 teary-eyed.

4 MS. WEGMAN: I know. Me too.

5 MS. SHARPE: I'm pregnant. So,

6 buenos tardes. My name is Sarah Sharpe,

7 S-a-r-a-h S-h-a-r-p-e. I'm here representing

8 Fresno Metro Ministry. We are a grassroots,

9 nonprofit organization that's multifaith and

10 multicultural. And we've been working since

11 1970 to achieve social, economic, and

12 environmental justice in Fresno and the San

13 Joaquin Valley.

14 Our advocacy is strongly rooted in

15 the common characteristic of most faith

16 traditions that teach us to protect the most

17 vulnerable in our communities, the children,

18 the elderly, the sick, and the poor. And for

19 this reason we are here today to strongly

20 support the revision of the 2008 National

21 Ambient Air Quality Standard, to better

22 protect public health.
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1 We support the proposed 60 parts

2 per billion, but we would like to know our

3 national plan for achieving the World Health

4 Organization's recommended level of 51 parts

5 per billion also.

6 We've been part of the Central

7 Valley Air Quality Coalition -- I feel like

8 I'm blowing it today -- engagement in recent

9 efforts to achieve attainment of the 1997

10 ozone standard for the past few years, along

11 with many others who are here today, and it

12 has been a really difficult and frustrating

13 process, to say the least.

14 Our region has until 2023 or '24

15 to achieve the current standard, the 1997

16 standard -- since our decisionmakers decided

17 to request reclassification to extreme

18 nonattainment. As you can imagine, this is

19 very frustrating for people like me, who are

20 raising our kids in our region because we know

21 that scientific experts have deemed our

22 current standards not protective enough for
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1 human health, and we won't even achieve these

2 outdated standards until 2024. By the way, my

3 children's lungs will have developed with

4 decreased lung capacity by then. I have a son

5 and have another one on the way.

6 So we are here today to urge the

7 EPA to adopt the most health-protective

8 standard of 60 parts per billion to save lives

9 in the San Joaquin Valley. Our region, as you

10 may know, California's San Joaquin Valley is

11 hurting on so many levels: Our constant air

12 pollution violations are often the most annual

13 violations in the nation, only add insult to

14 injury. This is an environmental justice

15 issue. In fact, the 2005 Brookings Institute

16 study found that Fresno had the nation's

17 highest concentration of poverty -- this was

18 before the current economic crisis. Now our

19 refine faces staggering unemployment as a

20 result of the economy and complicated water

21 issues that have affected our agricultural

22 production.
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1 In a region that already suffered

2 from severe lack of healthcare access and

3 poverty, we don't have the tools or the proper

4 access to preventive medicine that could

5 lessen the burden of our air pollution on our

6 most vulnerable populations. In fact, there

7 was a 2008 study by Jane Hall and CSU

8 Fullerton that showed that there at least $6.2

9 billion in health-related costs that we spend

10 just in the San Joaquin Valley annually.

11 And so we look to the U.S. EPA to

12 protect our health and our economy by setting

13 the national standard at 60 parts per billion. 

14 And just to put it in perspective, if the

15 proposed standard is approved, the San Joaquin

16 Valley will most likely not achieve 60 parts

17 per billion until 2031, the latest deadline,

18 because we can pretty much guarantee that our

19 politicians are going to ask for that

20 extension, which is when my unborn child will

21 be turning 21 years old. So it will be too

22 late to protect his or her developing lungs.
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1 So clearly none of us are here to

2 advocate for ourselves really, but, rather,

3 future generations of San Joaquin Valley

4 residents and Americans.

5 On that note, I would like to

6 mention a problem that we see today. We

7 brought some people in a bus that are Spanish

8 speakers, and there is a translator, which

9 we're happy, we understood there would be one. 

10 But usually there's headsets or something so

11 they don't have to sit in the back of the room

12 and listen, and it's kind of awkward and

13 disruptive to the rest of the meeting. So if

14 you have headsets -- we have sets of headsets

15 that many people borrow from us. The next

16 time there's a hearing in California, if we're

17 going to go, we can bring the headsets for

18 you, but I think it would be appropriate for

19 the EPA to own their own headsets for

20 translation to different languages that are

21 required throughout the country, I would

22 assume.
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1 And so, finally, I will just close

2 by saying Fresno Metro Ministry asks you to

3 revise the 2008 eight-hour ozone standard to

4 60 parts per billion, and thank you.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. And thank

6 you for the suggestion about headsets.

7 MR. BROADBENT: Good afternoon. 

8 My name is Jack Broadbent, spelled J-a-c-k

9 B-r-o-a-d-b-e-n-t. And I serve as the

10 Executive Officer for the Bay Area Air Quality

11 Management District. I want to thank EPA for

12 this opportunity to provide our comments on

13 EPA's proposed action to lower the primary and

14 secondary ozone standards.

15 In sum, the Bay Area Air Quality

16 Management District joins the State of

17 California in support of this action. And I'd

18 just like to provide little comments, a little

19 bit of background.

20 The Bay Area Air Quality

21 Management District is essentially the

22 regional agency, the regional-implementing
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1 agency that regulates sources of air pollution

2 for the nine-county region that is the San

3 Francisco Bay Area. Created over 50 years

4 ago, the Bay Area Air Quality Management

5 District serves 101 cities, nine counties, has

6 over 7,000 square miles that we're responsible

7 for, and is home to over seven million people.

8 The Air District is made up of 350

9 staff members whose mission it is essentially

10 is to achieve clean air, to protect and

11 improve public health, air quality, and global

12 climate in the Bay Area. 

13 The Bay Area air quality has

14 improved dramatically over the last 50 years

15 since the Air Quality District's inception. 

16 Ozone precursor emissions have decreased by

17 more than about 50 percent since 1990 and days

18 exceeding the standard have also decreased. 

19 However, the Bay Area has not attained the

20 current national eight-hour standard. The

21 region will continue of course to identify and

22 reduce regional air pollution sources, to
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1 ensure that Bay Area residents have clean air

2 every day.

3 The Air Quality District continues

4 to work to achieve the National Ambient Air

5 Quality Standard, however that standard

6 continues to be a challenge for us. We exceed

7 the standard approximately 10 to 15 days a

8 year, during peak ozone season.

9 And one particular characteristic

10 we're seeing is that over the past two years

11 we've experienced exceedences days sooner in

12 the year and later in our season, so we're

13 starting to see exceedences as early as April

14 and as late as October.

15 One cause is the fact that we're

16 experiencing hotter days in the spring and

17 early fall in California. Of course the major

18 cause is the ozone precursors building up in

19 the Bay Area airshed. Cars and trucks, the

20 transportation sector, is the largest air

21 pollutant contributor to the Bay Area's

22 unhealthy air days. And those mobile sources
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1 of course are regulated both by EPA and CARB

2 at the state level.

3 The proposed revised standard of

4 course is really being proposed, I know, and

5 we understand, to be able to define a standard

6 that is more in line with the latest

7 epidemiological information that represents

8 health impacts from ozone at lower levels. 

9 And, of course, as I mentioned, we are in

10 support of that standard.

11 We need, however, assistance from

12 the federal government in a number of hours: 

13 The increase mileage standards; fund smarter,

14 cleaner mass transit projects; provide

15 incentives necessary to fund vehicle

16 electrification stations and natural gas

17 refueling infrastructure; and smarter growth

18 incentives, to identify and incentivize

19 transit-friendly communities. This is

20 particularly an important public policy

21 objective in the Bay Area.

22 One particular, and maybe I'll
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1 make it a personal plea to EPA, is that as you

2 promulgate this new standard, as you consider

3 the information and decide whether to

4 promulgate this standard, that you also

5 consider providing additional information that

6 is easily understood on the health impacts

7 associated with ozone at lower levels. This

8 is something that I think EPA needs to

9 continue to work on.

10 I know you provide a lot of

11 information to the public, but here in

12 California you have an extensive network of

13 local and state organizations, like the Bay

14 Area Air Quality Management District that

15 prides itself in working in partnership with

16 EPA. What we need at the very local level is

17 to be able to translate what you're doing into

18 information that can be readily understood by

19 the public, that indeed we do see these health

20 impacts on lower levels.

21 I think there also needs to be

22 some work in trying to communicate to the
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1 public that the standard is changing and not

2 that air quality is getting worse. This is

3 something we experience in the Bay Area, a

4 highly-educated community, that continues to

5 believe that air is getting worse, and it's

6 only because the standard is changing. So

7 that's something that I know EPA is very

8 sensitive to and can certainly help us in

9 communicating to the public.

10 Just to conclude, the Bay Area Air

11 Quality District fully supports EPA's proposal

12 to strengthen the eight-hour ozone standard,

13 to a level that is most health protective as

14 supported by the scientific work. The Air

15 District stands ready to work in partnership

16 with EPA and work towards achieving these

17 standards, not only redefining it but

18 achieving it.

19 We will be providing written

20 comments by the March 22nd deadline. And I

21 just, again, want to thank you for this

22 opportunity to provide comments to you. Thank
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1 you.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much,

3 Jack. Does the Bay Area have a position as

4 between 60 to 70?

5 MR. BROADBENT: We'd like to be

6 able to recommend to you that you base it on

7 the best scientific information. Of course we

8 believe that it makes a lot of sense to base

9 it on the 060 number, understanding that that

10 is what we believe is probably the most health

11 protective and understand that that is a

12 regulatory driver in the Bay Area and

13 California as a whole. So we're in support of

14 the lowest and most health-protective standard

15 possible.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Great. Thank

17 you. Thank you both very much for coming. 

18 Good to see you as well.

19 Then our last speaker before

20 lunch, Daniel Scott. Is Mr. Scott here? 

21 Daniel Scott.

22 (No one comes forward.)
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Then we will

2 take a lunch break and resume about two

3 o'clock.

4 (Luncheon recess taken from 12:47

5 p.m. to 2:10 p.m.)

6 MS. WEGMAN: I think we will start

7 up again. Thank you all for coming. We very

8 much appreciate everybody who has taken the

9 time out of your own busy days to come and

10 speak to us about our proposed ozone

11 standards. Just as a remainder, we are

12 talking about the proposed -- our proposal,

13 EPA's proposal to change our March 2008

14 standard, which is currently set at .075 parts

15 per million, to change it to a level of .060

16 to .070 parts per million. That is, to issue

17 a more health-protective standard than the one

18 we currently have.

19 And we also are proposing to set a

20 new secondary or welfare-based standard using

21 what we call a cumulative, seasonal standard,

22 and that would be set at a level of 7 to 15
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1 parts per million hour.

2 So that's what we're taking

3 comment on today. 

4 As a remainder, what I'll be doing

5 is calling up people, people who want to speak

6 in pairs of twos. And when you come up,

7 please stay there till both of you are done

8 speaking. We have a timer that starts in five

9 minutes. Everyone will have up to five

10 minutes. And at two minutes you will get a

11 yellow light and at zero you will have a red

12 light.

13 What I will do is read the names

14 of the first two speakers and also the next

15 two so that the next two will know they're

16 coming up next, and we will proceed.

17 And please do spell your name for

18 our court reporter and state your affiliation

19 if you have one.

20 So the first two speakers are

21 Kevin Hamilton and Ronald Lanner. And after

22 that we'll have Michael Ho and Laura Fultz
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1 Stout.

2 DR. LANNER: Good afternoon. My

3 name is Ronald Lanner, L-a-n-n-e-r. And I'd

4 like to thank the panel for convening here in

5 Sacramento, one of the sources along with the

6 Bay Area of much of the pollution that drifts

7 over the foothills where I live. I'm a

8 Retired Professor of Forestry at Utah State

9 University and currently am an Emeritus

10 Visiting Scientist at the Institute of Forest

11 Genetics, which is a U.S. Forest Service lab

12 in Placerville, about 60 miles from here.

13 I've been professionally involved

14 for over 60 years with the biology of forest

15 trees, so I will just say a few words about

16 the significance to our forest resource, of

17 reducing ozone concentrations.

18 In 1958 I moved to California to

19 begin my career and I soon heard rumors of a

20 strange malady referred to as "X disease," "X"

21 for unknown, that was afflicting ponderosa

22 pines and Jeffrey pines in the San Bernardino
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1 Mountains east of Los Angeles, and baffling

2 experts in forest disease who had never seen

3 anything quite like it.

4 The trees were developing yellow

5 tips at their needles which spread to make the

6 entire needles chlorotic, or yellow, and they

7 then dropped, and progressing often to death

8 of the trees. Growth or growths slowed down,

9 and frequently the inability to resist attacks

10 by bark beetles and root diseases.

11 After a couple of years the

12 diagnosis of air pollution damage was made and

13 ozone from automobile exhausts in Los Angeles

14 was the major culprit. It was the first such

15 diagnose involving forest trees that had been

16 made. Shortly thereafter, a similar condition

17 was discovered in the eastern United States,

18 mainly in the Northeast, near the large

19 cities.

20 Since those early days, ozone

21 damage to trees has been reported very widely

22 and fairly carefully studied, and I'd like to
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1 just summarize a few of the major points that

2 have been made.

3 Of course ozone is highly

4 oxidative. It vigorously burns up organic

5 material and it's considered our most damaging

6 air pollutant. It can move across great

7 distances from its source, so it can damage

8 trees far from its origin. For example, the

9 trees that were dying in the San Bernardino

10 Mountains were about 145 kilometers from Los

11 Angeles. Recently I learned that pines that

12 I had the pleasure of studying a few decades

13 ago in the French Alps have in recent years

14 been suffering ozone damage from ozone brought

15 in from the French Riviera about 60 miles to

16 the south.

17 Ozone enters the open stomata of

18 leaves and it oxidizes the cells that harbor

19 most of the plant's chlorophyll. Chlorophyll

20 reduction leads to a reduction in the

21 formation of carbohydrates by photosynthesis. 

22 And of course carbohydrates are what plants
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1 are made of. So we have growth reduction as

2 a result. There is a predicted 10-percent

3 growth in biomass accumulation by the end of

4 this century.

5 Droughts resulting from a warming

6 climate will intensify this effect because

7 root growth is suppressed more than above8 ground growth by ozone and so weak root

9 systems will result in falling trees and trees

10 for whom it's always a droughty situation. So

11 any level of ozone is detrimental to a forest

12 whether it's visible to the eye or not. And

13 the greater the reduction of ozone

14 concentrations that EPA can bring about, the

15 better for our forested ecosystems.

16 Thank you very much.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much. 

18 If you have any papers to submit or citations

19 to offer in support of the points you made, we

20 would appreciate that, and you can submit that

21 by March 22nd. We don't need those today.

22 DR. LANNER: Okay.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Yeah, there's no

2 rush. The comment period closes on the 22nd.

3 DR. LANNER: Okay.

4 MS. WEGMAN: And you can do this

5 by email, but if you have anything.

6 DR. LANNER: No, I don't have that

7 with me now, -- 

8 MS. WEGMAN: That's fine.

9 DR. LANNER: -- but I can provide

10 that.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Okay, great. Thank

12 you very much.

13 I see a question in the audience.

14 (Comment/question made outside of

15 the range of the microphone.)

16 DR. LANNER: I'm sorry.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Well, I'm just going

18 to say, actually since we have a public

19 hearing and people waiting to speak, maybe you

20 could speak to Dr. Lanner after? Okay. Thank

21 you.

22 Okay, thank you very much.
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1 MR. HAMILTON: Hi. Good

2 afternoon. My name is Kevin Hamilton. I'm

3 the Chief of Program Services for Clinica

4 Sierra Vista. We are the third-largest

5 community health center system in the United

6 States with 26 clinics across three counties,

7 Inyo, Kern, and Fresno, with about 150,000

8 patients in our patient population.

9 This is very important to us. We

10 are the second-dirtiest, sometimes first11 dirtiest air basin in the nation. We are

12 seeing rates of asthma that are astronomical. 

13 I have participated in the Fresno Kicks Asthma

14 Study from U.C. Berkeley, as we went around

15 looking at cohorts of seven to ninth-grade

16 children across the last five years, finding

17 in the Unified District rates of as high as 31

18 percent. And in our personal patient

19 population, in analyzing the number of

20 patients that we have, we are seeing about one

21 in five. So if you just simply do the math

22 you can see that we're seeing literally tens
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1 of thousands of patients annually who are

2 suffering from respiratory conditions without

3 an additional cardiac event going on.

4 This has become a huge issue for

5 our community that we serve. We serve the

6 underserved and underinsured and uninsured

7 population. There are limited dollars to

8 provide these kinds of services. Ozone, with

9 its oxidative stress-creating gases,

10 negatively impacts all of our patients' lungs

11 on a daily basis, certainly affecting our

12 children more than our adults, but no one

13 should minimize the consequences of this

14 deadly gas to our adults either.

15 We need help here. We need this

16 change in the ozone standard to reflect the

17 literature that suggests that somewhere around

18 .6 is where we begin to see negative health

19 impacts to the tissue of human beings and

20 certainly in animal models. This information

21 has been around for years and years. The body

22 of literature continues to build and build,
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1 and a lot of very good work has been done in

2 Los Angeles and in Berkeley on this, and

3 certainly across the rest of the country. And

4 it seems that this is long, long overdue.

5 So I'm here just to talk about,

6 like I say, the effect that this is having on

7 our communities and our people. Not everybody

8 understands what it means. All they know is

9 to live here is to be sicker, to have your

10 children be sicker than other people's

11 children, and to have older people in your

12 community be more ill with disease than other

13 communities in other parts of the country. 

14 And it really creates an environmental justice

15 issue for us. It's completely unfair and we

16 really need you to fix this. Thank you.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

18 for coming. Thank you, both of you.

19 Our next two speakers are Michael

20 Ho and Laura Fultz Stout. And then after that

21 we'll have Frank Wallace and Katharine

22 Thompson
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1 MR. HO: My name is Michael Ho. 

2 That's M-i-c-h-a-e-l H-o. And I'm a private

3 citizen. Thank you for letting me testify

4 today.

5 Currently I work as a Pharmacy

6 Technician. And at work about a month ago it

7 was a kind of a slow day and I was working

8 with some medicine delivery supply for

9 asthmatic children. On of the pharmacists

10 came over and asked me if I knew how to use

11 them. Two other techs overheard this and they

12 said they knew because each person has a child

13 who uses them. One of them was less than one

14 year old when the son had asthma.

15 Why is asthma so prevalent among

16 children? With all the exhaust from coal17 fired power plants and our cars, it's

18 difficult for me not to associate air

19 pollution as one of the major reasons why more

20 people are developing asthma. We limit our

21 chances of lung cancer by designating certain

22 places as nonsmoking areas. If I'm standing
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1 in front of a store and person nearby starts

2 smoking, all I have to do is walk to the side,

3 walk away so I don't have to inhale the smoke. 

4 But smog is unavoidable. The amount produced

5 daily is so much that people are getting sick.

6 Now asthma not only means wheezing

7 and buying medicine to treat it, sometimes

8 it's chronic and if it's severe people could

9 die from it. Children's lungs are especially

10 vulnerable to air pollution because they're

11 still developing. I have two nieces who are

12 both six and nephew who is only a few months

13 old. And I don't want to hear them wheezing

14 just running, from running to catch a ball. 

15 And when I start a family, I don't want to

16 have to go to the emergency room just because

17 my child is suffering from a severe asthma

18 attack.

19 Please allow less smog to be

20 released in the air that we breathe. Thank

21 you.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much
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1 for coming and speaking today.

2 MS. FULTZ STOUT: Hi. I've saved

3 some paper, so I hope you don't mind I'll be

4 reading off.

5 MS. WEGMAN: No, go right ahead.

6 MS. FULTZ STOUT: Good afternoon. 

7 My name is Laura Fultz Stout. That's

8 L-a-u-r-a. Fultz is F-u-l-t-z. And second

9 last name, Stout, S-t-o-u-t. And I'm with the

10 Coalition for Clean Air based on in the San

11 Joaquin Valley in the Fresno office and our

12 organization's 37 years old, solely focused on

13 cleaning the air of California.

14 We have seen cleaner air in Los

15 Angeles due to the turnover of vehicles to

16 cleaner vehicles, so now in the San Joaquin

17 Valley a lot of that pollution has been

18 transferred with the power plants, the

19 dairies, land-use issues, and the diesel

20 trucks.

21 So we implore the EPA to pass the

22 new proposed, unanimously-scientifically-
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1 supported ozone standard at the in between of

2 60 parts per billion.

3 And, as important, air pollution

4 diminishes the ability to live and breathe and

5 to have healthy lives. Being a 30-year

6 resident in the San Joaquin Valley, in Fresno,

7 I personally see quality-of-life issues in my

8 family and friends gasping for breath, and

9 even my own. The right to breathe clean air

10 should not be debated, as our person here

11 said. The technology and solutions are

12 available now.

13 One effect of areas of

14 nonattainment and high asthma rates is the

15 brain drain. We haven't heard that today, but

16 over and over again professionals who move to

17 the San Joaquin Valley, if they experience

18 breathing problems or their family experiences

19 breathing problems, they flee the valley for

20 cleaner air. And sometimes they're very

21 confused. They're like what's going on. They

22 go to their physician and the physician
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1 advises them: Okay, we have an air quality

2 problem; leave immediately if you can. Some

3 people can and some people cannot.

4 We had just one -- one little

5 vignette is we had a cardiologist leave our

6 community. We don't have many. But we had

7 one leave because his son almost died and he

8 couldn't help him, from an asthma attack. 

9 He's gone. And when we try to get our

10 specialists, our physician specialists, if

11 their family members have anything that

12 happens due to the bad air quality, they're

13 gone.

14 So I do work with our local

15 Chamber of Commerce, our businesses, every

16 business in the San Joaquin Valley should

17 adopt the best available control technologies. 

18 Not the reasonable available control

19 technologies, the best. And with pushing

20 that, I also push to get for the San Joaquin

21 Valley and areas like ours of nonattainment

22 and severe nonattainment, that we also get
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1 more incentive funds to assist those

2 industries with adopting those best available

3 control technologies.

4 So, in closing, I would like to

5 just again urge you to adopt the 60 ppb. 

6 Thank you.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. Thank you

8 for coming and sharing that with us today.

9 Our next speakers are Frank

10 Wallace and Katharine Thompson. And after

11 that we'll have Rod Webster and Carl Green.

12 MR. WALLACE: I'm Frank Wallace

13 and I won't be speaking.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Okay.

15 MS. THOMPSON: I'm Katharine

16 Thompson.

17 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

18 MS. THOMPSON: Do you want another

19 person?

20 MS. WEGMAN: We can certainly do

21 that. Is Rod Webster here and ready to speak? 

22 Okay. Great.
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1 MS. THOMPSON: Yes. I really

2 appreciate this opportunity, not simply to

3 hear but to see all of the people that are

4 currently working on these issues. And I

5 certainly individually -- I'm Katharine

6 Thompson, K-a-t-h-a-r-i-n-e, Thompson,

7 T-h-o-m-p-s-o-n -- did work with the League of

8 Women Voters for EPA Region 9 as Executive

9 Director of choosing which way to go and

10 Sacramentoans for Cleaner Air Now from '73 to

11 '76, and it was a very productive time for me. 

12 And I have since that time continued a

13 commitment toward clean air through the

14 different organizations that I have belonged

15 to.

16 I've been on the Air Pollution

17 Control Hearing Board. I was Chair of the

18 Sacramento Energy Planning and Conservation

19 Committee and a Sacramento representative on

20 the Regional Planning Commission and the first

21 woman to serve on the Transit District. And,

22 as such, I was able to, because of the
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1 installation in me of the knowledge of the

2 issues, to suggest the transfer of interstate

3 money to light rail, which we did

4 successfully. It was the first time it had

5 been done in California. We got $37 million

6 for light rail, which was 24 miles, including

7 cars, for a five-mile interstate extension

8 that would have ended right in the city dump.

9 In any case, my main concern here

10 is not with your stricter standard, which I

11 certainly approve because I'm not a scientist

12 and so I can't speak knowledgeably about the

13 levels of ozone, but about the application of

14 the discipline throughout the governmental

15 system of air quality standards.

16 For example, an expansion of

17 Highway 50, which has been constructed through

18 taking out the median and it's added two

19 lanes, was contested by the Environmental

20 Council of Sacramento. It went to court under

21 Judge Timothy Frawley, who ruled that an

22 inadequate environmental analysis had been
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1 done, and of course it had been inadequate

2 because there was never a true alternate, a

3 transit alternative that would devote all of

4 the money to transit and not just parcel it

5 out a little here and a little there.

6 Well, they rejoiced at their

7 victory, but then the next thing that happened

8 was that their legislative representatives had

9 them sit down with CalTrans director and

10 bargain it away. And they had to promise that

11 they would never sue again. As a consequence,

12 Highway 50 has ripped out its median and put

13 in two extra lanes. Now that is going out

14 induce more travel. We have travel, that's

15 the 40 percent or so of the air pollution in

16 climate change contributors, and yet the

17 argument is that -- you know their argument is

18 ostensibly a carpool lane is going to be a

19 benefit, but it is not because it provides

20 more capacity and it induces more travel than

21 would have been made with the existing

22 capacity. It's like fighting obesity by
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1 buying a larger belt.

2 So, in any case, I wanted to

3 recommend to you and to anybody here two

4 books. One is called Sustainability and

5 Cities: -- by Newman and Kenworthy -- Reducing

6 Automobile Dependency -- or Overcoming

7 Automobile Dependency [sic]. Sustainability

8 and Cities, now they're New Zealand and

9 Australian experts who have compared travel

10 conditions and the provision of roads per

11 citizen and the amount of transit and road and

12 bicycle use -- right, okay, thank you --

13 worldwide. And Sacramento was on the top of

14 50 cities worldwide being the most roads per

15 citizen and the most driving per citizen.

16 I would say that we have to have

17 implementation that fits the strictness of the

18 standard. Otherwise we're lost. Also that

19 we're lost on the basis of having our

20 legislator bound by minority rule. How can we

21 be a democracy if we require a two-thirds vote

22 on everything?
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1 In that case, thank you very much,

2 and I would just urge that you send all of us,

3 if you can, a list of everyone who was here so

4 that we could all work together in the future.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Okay.

6 MS. THOMPSON: Thank you.

7 MS. WEGMAN: That's a good

8 suggestion. We'll see if we can -- we

9 certainly keep track of everyone who has come

10 -- 

11 MS. THOMPSON: That's signed up.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Yes. We can see

13 about getting that posted on our website.

14 MS. THOMPSON: Oh, all right.

15 MS. WEGMAN: All right. Yes,

16 we'll investigate that.

17 MR. WEBSTER: Hi there. My name

18 is Rod Webster, R-o-d W-e-b-s-t-e-r. I live

19 in Merced, which is down the San Joaquin

20 Valley a bit. And lots of facts and

21 information and figures that I know you're

22 probably very conversant with, so I'm going to
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1 try and speak more to the contingency that I

2 feel like I represent.

3 I am an officer in the Sierra Club

4 down there and I'm also a very active member

5 in the Merced Mariposa Asthma Coalition. And

6 over the course of years we've paid some

7 pretty close attention to the San Joaquin Air

8 Resources Board and their actions, as well as

9 at the California level, CARB.

10 And following these air issues, I

11 haven't been here for your whole hearing

12 today, but there are always many families with

13 very heart-wrenching stories about their

14 children. And I know from my community, I

15 don't see many of those people that normally

16 attend this, and I don't know why that is

17 other than of course work days are difficult. 

18 I am appreciative that written comments are

19 permitted and there are many people that I

20 hope take advantage of that. But in a

21 community, in an area where asthma is so

22 rampant, one in five children under age --
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1 well, children or people under age 18 -- is

2 the estimate, clearly we've got a health

3 crisis going here. And the sad part of course

4 is that it's partially preventable.

5 In 2007 the American Lung

6 Association declared -- identified the 25

7 worst counties in the United States in which

8 to reside and Merced ranked number 8. Among

9 the 25 worst cities it ranked number 6. But

10 we are actually toward the top of the valley. 

11 And, I'm sure you're aware, as you move down

12 the valley toward Bakersfield, in that air

13 basin, it becomes progressively worse. And of

14 course little Arvin, the town of Arvin

15 received distinction by being number 1 in the

16 United States. Out of the 25 worst cities in

17 this 2007 document, four of the six worst are

18 in the valley here, and the ones further south

19 are the most critical.

20 Communities are trying to adapt as

21 best they can to protect the health of their

22 children. In our community we have what's
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1 called the Flag Program which was initiated by

2 the Merced Mariposa Asthma Coalition and it

3 started in 2004. And there are currently 130

4 different institutions within our community

5 that display air quality flags on a daily

6 basis. And of course the schools was one of

7 our main pushes, but there are other

8 institutions that have fortunately joined. 

9 And we're trying to create awareness of days

10 when it is literally unhealthy to be outside

11 and particularly to be active.

12 And in our schools there are days

13 during the year when recess is canceled. It's

14 too dangerous for kids to be out outside, much

15 less running around inhaling as they play. We

16 have athletic practices that are canceled. We

17 have athletic contests that have to be

18 canceled on red flag days, and wisely so. But

19 how tragic that it should come to that.

20 And I of course am here to

21 strongly encourage you -- in fact I'm

22 encouraged by your efforts to increase our
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1 ozone standards to more stringent ones, and

2 obviously the more restrictive the better for

3 the health of the United States as well as,

4 particularly, the region I'm from. So I hope

5 you'll proceed with the 60 parts per billion

6 for the primary.

7 And the secondary was, quite

8 frankly, new to me. I wasn't aware of what

9 that was all about until I was kind of

10 educated here today. And I know that you've

11 done some analysis to see that this new ozone

12 standard actually might be economically

13 beneficial. I find that extremely encouraging

14 because I know your economics is a huge

15 consideration at this time, but to see that

16 the secondary might actually help agriculture,

17 the idea that ozone damages agriculture, which

18 in the Central Valley is you know our prime

19 economic stimulus.

20 Yes. I will conclude with that

21 and just thank you for your time and energy

22 and wish you on your way to other hearings. 
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1 Thank you.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Well, thank you. 

3 Thank you for coming and thanks for all the

4 work you do.

5 Our next speakers are Carl Green

6 and Catherine Garoupa.

7 Oh, thank you very much. Well,

8 great. You've been working at this a long

9 time, and we appreciate it.

10 So that's Carl Green and Catherine

11 Garoupa. This looks like Catherine.

12 Is Carl Green here?

13 (No response.)

14 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Is Michelle

15 Garcia here? Great.

16 And then the next two people after

17 Catherine and Michelle will be Victoria Golden

18 and James Golden. 

19 MS. GAROUPA WHITE: Good

20 afternoon. My name is Catherine Garoupa

21 White, C-a-t-h-e-r-i-n-e G-a-r-o-u-p-a W-h-i22 t-e. I'm here today representing the Watchdog
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1 Committee of the Central Valley Air Quality

2 Coalition. We like to say CVAQC for short

3 because that's kind of a long title.

4 CVAQC is a coalition of over 70

5 different diverse organizations who are all

6 striving for clean air in the San Joaquin

7 Valley. You've heard from several of our

8 members today and you'll hear probably from

9 several more today about the dire situation

10 that we face in the San Joaquin Valley, which

11 is why it's great to see so many people here

12 representing the valley today on the issues

13 that we have. So thank you for the

14 opportunity to be able to testify today about

15 this very important standard to protect public

16 health.

17 I just want to reiterate some of

18 the comments earlier about in the future that

19 it would be great to possibly offer other

20 locations in California. We did feel a little

21 guilty traveling three and a half hours each

22 way today to be here, though, again, we are
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1 grateful for the opportunity.

2 And one thing that our regional

3 air district does, because we're such a wide

4 air basin, is we have video teleconferencing

5 facilities in three different locations: 

6 Modesto, Fresno, and Bakersfield. And so

7 that's always a great interactive way to have

8 hearings.

9 So science shows that the current

10 standards that we have for ozone are

11 inadequate at protecting public health. We

12 know that global warming is happening and that

13 it's going to make these situations worse,

14 particularly in an area like the San Joaquin

15 Valley where we have incredibly hot summers. 

16 Those are just going to get worse. And,

17 again, it's going to be the most marginalized

18 populations that are immediately suffering

19 those impacts of not being able to run their

20 air conditioner or be able to go outside

21 because the air is so bad but it's so hot

22 inside that they're getting sick from it.
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1 As you've heard today, the San

2 Joaquin Valley air basin is in an extreme

3 nonattainment for the current ozone standard,

4 which means that at the earliest we're looking

5 at 2024 to actually breathe air that's

6 somewhat cleaner than it is today, which

7 really is devastating for those of us that

8 live there and think about how long we have to

9 wait.

10 The California Health Interview

11 Surveys shows that one in three kids in Fresno

12 County right now are diagnosed with asthma,

13 which is a really shocking rate. And it

14 happens to be the county that I live in and

15 right next to the county that I grew up in. 

16 So, again, it's something that I take very

17 personally, that so many kids are suffering

18 from asthma and that these rates are so much

19 higher than other areas.

20 We also have a small community

21 that for the past few years has had the most

22 ozone violations in the United States. It's
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1 a small community called Arvin in the South

2 San Joaquin Valley and it's a primarily Latino

3 farmworking community. So, again, we're

4 talking about some of the most marginalized

5 populations that are bearing the burden of

6 these impacts of air pollution because of

7 where they're geographically located in our

8 air basin, that the air flows just push that

9 pollution and leave it sitting over placed

10 where people are playing and outside working

11 on really hot days.

12 Fundamentally, all these different

13 statistics and the stories that people tell

14 you mean that residents in the San Joaquin

15 Valley are being denied a fundamental human

16 right to be able to breathe clean air, which

17 is something that we should all be able to

18 enjoy.

19 That being said, I am a proud

20 third-generation San Joaquin Valley resident. 

21 It's a great region. There are many great

22 things about what we do and where we live. 
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1 Although you've also heard many stories and I

2 could tell you many more about people who have

3 left San Joaquin Valley because of how dirty

4 the environment is and because there is a

5 diminished qualify of life for people wanting

6 to raise their family there.

7 I personally grew up in Madera

8 County, not far from Highway 99, and as a

9 young child I was diagnosed with chronic

10 bronchitis. I definitely think that that's a

11 preventable case of chronic bronchitis that

12 for the future I absolutely want better as I

13 prepare to start a family and as I have many

14 friends who have children, we want better for

15 ourselves and for our children. We know that

16 it's going to take a long time to get there,

17 but we're all committed to doing what it

18 takes.

19 So the good news about today is

20 that lowering the standard gives us the

21 opportunity to prevent thousands of those

22 cases of chronic bronchitis, other respiratory
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1 illnesses, asthma attacks, hospitalizations,

2 and premature deaths that can be triggered by

3 high-ozone days.

4 I also want to reiterate the

5 comments by Margaret Gordon and others about

6 the importance of considering the cumulative

7 impacts that communities are facing. As you

8 know in the San Joaquin Valley, we have a very

9 serious ozone problem, we also have a

10 particulate matter problem, which means that

11 basically year round we're burdened with air

12 pollution, we never get a break. So the

13 cumulative impacts are important for us to

14 consider and not just the air pollution but

15 the water and soil pollution that we're

16 facing, the global warming impacts, the whole

17 myriad range of issues.

18 So I'm here today to encourage you

19 to enact the most health-protective standards,

20 both primary and secondary. Agriculture is an

21 important industry in the San Joaquin Valley

22 and it's something that should also be
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1 protected.

2 I would also just ask the EPA

3 generally to give more attention to San

4 Joaquin Valley issues, to increase your

5 oversight of our regional air districts and to

6 increase accountability and enforcement of the

7 great rules that have already been passed so

8 that hopefully we can actually meet attainment

9 deadlines.

10 Thank you.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

12 MS. GARCIA: Good afternoon. My

13 name is Michelle Garcia. That's Michelle with

14 two l's and Garcia, G-a-r-c-i-a. And I am the

15 Air Quality Director for the Fresno Madera

16 Medical Society, which is a membership

17 organization representing over a thousand

18 physicians in the Fresno and Madera County

19 area. And we are the only medical society to

20 have an air quality program. We have a grant

21 which provides myself along with services in

22 the valley. And, as I said, it's the only
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1 medical society to have something of that

2 nature, so I think that that's speaks volumes

3 to the issues that we face in the valley.

4 So I'm here not only representing

5 the physicians that are members of my

6 organization but also I'm here as a parent, as

7 a mother of a three-year-old who hasn't been

8 diagnosed with asthma yet, but has had just

9 about everything else under the sun. And it

10 just seems like year after year it's just

11 worse and worse.

12 I think this week has probably

13 been the worst week because he's come down

14 with something again. And, for the first

15 time, he's had a really dark circle under his

16 eyes and just a really hard time breathing. 

17 And to get up this morning and get on a bus

18 and travel three hours to come here while he

19 is crying on the steps saying, "Mommy, please

20 don't go. I need you," is really, really

21 tough. But I knew that I needed to come here

22 and I needed to speak on his behalf, because
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1 when children are that young they're unable to

2 have a voice for themselves.

3 And, just as Catherine had said

4 and many others have said, there are so many

5 different barriers that we face living in the

6 valley: The air pollution, the water

7 problems, the high unemployment rate. Just

8 about every problem you can think of, we have

9 in Fresno. So it's really difficult to live

10 there and it's difficult and challenging in so

11 many different ways, not only from being a

12 parent of having to fill the burden of -- the

13 guilt, I should say, of having my family live

14 in the valley, exposing them to all of the

15 pollution and to the various issues, the

16 burden of having to call my employer, the

17 guilt of having to say I need to take another

18 day, just really every guilt that you can

19 think of that comes along with that.

20 I know that now is a really

21 important time because on top of everything

22 else we have issues with the economy failing. 
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1 I just think if we're able to support

2 something like this, the .60 parts per billion

3 and really be successful at it, that it's

4 going to help our economy improve because we

5 have so many different health burdens that are

6 associated with that. As you know, the

7 statistics about the hospitalization rates,

8 the chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, all of

9 those things that have been stated previously.

10 So having said that, as a

11 professional, as a mother, as a resident of

12 the valley, I'm here just to encourage you to

13 enact the 60 parts per billion and help

14 protect public health. Thank you.

15 MS. WEGMAN: Well, I want to thank

16 both of you for traveling here today. We very

17 much appreciate you making the effort. I'm

18 sorry your son is sick again. I'm so sorry. 

19 And I hope he is well. And thank you for

20 making the effort. It means a lot to us and

21 we'll definitely take this back to our

22 Administrator.
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1 Our next two speakers are Victoria

2 Golden and James Golden. And after that Janet

3 -- I take it back -- Janet Abshire I believe

4 is next and then Victoria Golden and James

5 Golden -- but if we have Victoria and James

6 coming up now, -- that's fine. If Janet

7 Abshire doesn't mind waiting.

8 MS. GOLDEN: Hello. My name is

9 Victoria Golden, G-o-l-d-e-n. And I am here

10 as a private, concerned citizen about our air

11 quality. I am a lifelong resident of

12 Bakersfield, California. And the air does

13 highly influence. I have an impaired immune

14 system due to problems, so I am constantly

15 sick with chronic bronchitis and respiratory

16 problems.

17 And I also am on public

18 transportation, so I'm walking. I no longer

19 drive, so I experience the air quality daily

20 on the roads and from firsthand experience. 

21 And I understand the difficulty. It's a

22 little troubling trying to walk around
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1 Bakersfield. And, for safety reasons, I

2 almost feel like I have to have insurance for

3 walking.

4 And I'm a mother and I have a

5 three children. Three of my three children

6 have had respiratory problems. For one reason

7 or another, I have been on public assistance

8 before and have had to do the medical trips

9 for that. Missing days of school. And I

10 believe in tighter restrictions of the 60 ppb

11 because it is affecting. Just the air

12 quality, you could tell, driving up here, it's

13 embarrassing in the valley. There is just

14 smog coming from everything.

15 We never see the mountains. It is

16 a beautiful day in Bakersfield when we could

17 see the mountains. It's just really -- it's

18 overlooked. For our health reasons, we really

19 need tighter restrictions. Thank you.

20 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

21 MR. GOLDEN: My name is James

22 Golden. I am a Planner for Kern County,
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1 although I'm here on my own behalf as a

2 citizen of Bakersfield. 

3 I want to say that I'm in here in

4 support of increased regulation of the 60-

5 parts-per-billion standard. Although I don't

6 have a lot out offer as far as statistics, I

7 can say that typically the commerce clauses

8 cited in this case and previous court

9 decisions have limited states' abilities to

10 regulate these kind of things, so we have to

11 look to somebody. And we know that the EPA is

12 our failsafe opportunity.

13 The thing about the limiting

14 ability of states to regulate particulates is

15 a serious issue and needs to be addressed.

16 I can personally testify that

17 driving down, I'm from Los Angeles originally,

18 the Los Angeles air is not as bad as the San

19 Joaquin air. I will say that because when I

20 drive down to L.A., and I'll come down the

21 pass, you can see almost into Los Angeles all

22 the way from the northern portion of the
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1 county. But when you drive down in the San

2 Joaquin, you can barely see 20 miles. And

3 then the haze is so thick you can't even see

4 the lights at night.

5 I wonder how many beautiful nights

6 I'm missing just looking at the stars and just

7 seeing what's up there because of the amount

8 of haze and dust and other particulates that

9 are in the air.

10 I also wonder if there will ever

11 be a time where air in that area will ever be

12 better. I recently purchased a home there, I

13 plan on staying there a little while at least,

14 and I'm looking at this from an investment

15 perspective and an ecological perspective, and

16 I'm saying was this a wise thing to do.

17 In this case, I believe that more

18 stringent standards would encourage more

19 healthy days and nights in the San Joaquin

20 Attainment Basin and nationwide.

21 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you both

22 very much. Thank you.
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1 Janet Abshire. We're going to

2 just have one up now because our next two

3 speakers will be having Spanish translation,

4 so we'll just...

5 DR. ABSHIRE: Okay.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Yes. And our next

7 two speakers will be Maria Ordaz and Juana

8 Gonzalez. Thank you.

9 DR. ABSHIRE: Hi. My name is Dr.

10 Janet Abshire. It's A-, as in apple, -b-, as

11 in boy, -s-h-i-r-e, and first name Janet,

12 J-a-n-e-t.

13 I'm here because the American Lung

14 Association asked me to come and testify. And

15 there are a couple of really key points that

16 I want to be sure not to miss and that's that

17 we are asking the EPA to strengthen the

18 National Air Quality Standards to the 60 parts

19 per billion to protect approximately over 187

20 million people that are most at risk: The

21 children, the teens, the seniors, and the

22 people with chronic lung diseases like asthma.
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1 I am a physician and I work in

2 occupational and environmental medicine. And

3 I treat patients that have occupational

4 injuries, including lung injuries. I had a

5 patient who was -- a respirator failed and he

6 inhaled some liquid insulation that he was

7 spraying that has isocyanate, that can induce

8 occupational asthma. And the bottom line is

9 that this scenario is similar to what can

10 happen with ozone, because of the same kind of

11 reaction and damage that can happen with

12 instage disease caused by ozone.

13 So when we talk about the

14 mechanisms of the health hazards of ozone

15 there's a lot of really fancy big words that

16 people that don't have a medical degree or a

17 science degree in physiology, they don't

18 really understand, and we throw out these

19 words like oxidated damage and free radicals

20 and lipid peroxidation. And there's many

21 different mechanisms that ozone can damage and

22 it includes these and it includes also this
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1 neurologically-mediated method.

2 So what I would like to do, I know

3 everybody has plenty of information on the

4 dangers of ozone and the statistics, but I

5 would just like to explain from a physician's

6 point of view with a nutrition science degree

7 -- I really love biochemistry, I'm a real geek

8 -- and that what this really means in layman's

9 terms.

10 When you talk about reactive

11 species, that's the oxidative, lipid

12 peroxidation, the free radicals, that means

13 that if you think of a molecule, we're all

14 electromagnetic, and there are these little,

15 tiny electromagnetic charges. And a molecule

16 likes to be stable, it likes to have one -- a

17 balance where it doesn't feel like it's being

18 torn apart or wants to react.

19 Okay. If it's stable and it has

20 these balance of charges, it'll be fine. 

21 Reactive species are missing something. It's

22 like they have an empty slot that they need to
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1 fill. They're very hungry. They bump into

2 other things and they steal parts of other

3 molecules. And they will break them apart and

4 cause damage to the molecules and other

5 tissues. So that is part of the reactivity

6 that happens and it can happen in the lining

7 of the lungs and the epithelial layer, and it

8 can damage the membranes.

9 The membranes are like lipid

10 peroxidation, where you have these cells. 

11 They're like in a sack. And the sack is

12 composed of a lipid layer, a fat layer. Well,

13 if the cell's membrane is damaged and it

14 breaks open and leaks out the substances,

15 there are lots of things inside the cell that

16 are designed to call out our own immune

17 system.

18 So there are these molecular

19 messengers that are the prostaglandins,

20 lipotro- and cytokines, and they send out a

21 bombardment of messages so that our immune

22 system will attack our own tissue. So that
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1 the immune system that's supposed to protect

2 us can actually harm us.

3 So instage lung disease from any

4 cause is often the scarring that's caused by

5 our own immune system, so it's the secondary6 immune factors. 

7 The neurological part is

8 interesting. It's very interesting, because

9 when you're first exposed to ozone, especially

10 just a one-time simple exposure, you get this

11 cough, this burning, this chest pain if you

12 take a deep breath. And it's actually -- and

13 then actually your lung function will change

14 where you can't take as deep of a breath. 

15 It's a reactive airway system where it's a

16 temporary, reducible, reversible asthma-type

17 of an effect.

18 Now this makes sense, the body's

19 wisdom says, hey, this is not good to breathe,

20 let's not breathe it into too deeply. Well,

21 that system will fatigue so over time your

22 lung function will improve. That does not
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1 mean that ozone is good for you. So that

2 means that now you're not getting the warning

3 signals that the damaging stuff is going

4 deeper and you're allowing it in deeper. It's

5 probably the body's wisdom again that says,

6 well, I guess they can't get away, I might as

7 well turn off the alarm. You know, they're

8 not smart enough to stop breathing the

9 substance. So they just kind of turned it

10 off.

11 So when you have this first, the

12 constriction by this neurally-mediated

13 problem, which gives you a lot of the

14 symptoms, but gradually with the illness

15 itself the lung tissue is so damaged that no

16 longer can these healthy membranes that are

17 supposed to transfer oxygen across the

18 membrane so we can get it in our blood and

19 supply it to our brain and body, no longer can

20 that oxygen transfer very well, no longer can

21 the lungs expand and contract like they're

22 supposed to because they're stiff, full of
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1 scarring.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Dr. Abshire, I'm

3 afraid you're going to have to wind up. Your

4 five minutes is up.

5 DR. ABSHIRE: Okay. Sorry about

6 that.

7 MS. WEGMAN: That's okay.

8 DR. ABSHIRE: I'm going too long.

9 MS. WEGMAN: No, that's okay. No,

10 you're so engaged in explaining -- 

11 DR. ABSHIRE: So -- but basically

12 I think that everyone should talk to their

13 doctor and have their doctor also contact the

14 American Lung Association and the EPA because

15 we need to have more physicians that are aware

16 of this problem, and I think that we really

17 don't know that much. And an environmental

18 conference is where I learned more about

19 ozone, and I was floored. So I thank you very

20 much.

21 MS. WEGMAN: That's very helpful. 

22 Thank you for that information.
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1 Maria Ordaz and Juana Gonzalez.

2 MS. ORDAZ (through the

3 Interpreter): My name is Maria Ordaz and I

4 come from the Fresno group LUCA, which means

5 Latinos that are Conscious of the Environment. 

6 I have a small number of questions and I'm

7 limiting them because you know I have to ask

8 them in Spanish and I'm using an interpreter

9 and it might be harder to convey this

10 information to you.

11 My problem is, you know, we're not

12 doing enough about this because us as

13 Hispanics, you know we're the ones that suffer

14 the most. For us it's very difficult because

15 we work out in the field, we work in stores,

16 and we use chemicals. We use chemicals, we're

17 exposed to them.

18 And that's why I think we should

19 keep getting together, we should unite, and we

20 should have more events like this so that the

21 government can help us, so that we can help

22 the children. Because what really hurts us
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1 is, you know, it's the children that suffer,

2 the children that are born with illnesses,

3 with bronchitis, with asthma, and, you know,

4 that's what hurts us the most. And that's why

5 we're here. We united. We want you to see

6 that Latinos are united and we want clean air. 

7 And that's why I'm here, because by the year

8 '20, I mean ozone and pollution are going to

9 be at the same levels.

10 That's all.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Gracias.

12 MS. GONZALEZ (through the

13 Interpreter): My name is Juana Gonzalez and

14 I'm here as part of the group LUCA, which

15 means Latinos Conscious of the Environment.

16 I come from Fresno and all of my

17 family lives in San Joaquin and I work all

18 throughout the San Joaquin area out in the

19 fields. And it's hard, there is a lot of

20 problems, there is a lot of use of chemicals. 

21 There are a lot of children there and a lot of

22 them don't have insurance. I have a friend
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1 whose son is 12 years old and he has to work

2 in the field already and he has asthma. And

3 the medical bills are really high, so he

4 doesn't want to go to the doctor anymore

5 because he's afraid because the doctor bills

6 are so high. And it's sad for a kid to have

7 to worry about those things.

8 And we're also planning to go to

9 the schools to educate people about pollution,

10 what they should do and what they shouldn't

11 do, like they shouldn't leave the cars on and

12 things that they shouldn't do. So we're going

13 to schools to give seminars.

14 Yes, I wish there were laws for

15 people, for the owners, for the field owners,

16 for the companies, you know, for people who

17 own the fields because, for example, a

18 mechanic will come to fix his machinery and he

19 will leave it on for like a half hour just

20 running, and that's polluting.

21 Well, and, you know, people like

22 our organizations can go and speak to them,
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1 but we have to have a permit to even go and

2 speak with them. 

3 MS. WEGMAN: Gracias.

4 MS. GONZALEZ (through the

5 Interpreter): I'm really sorry if we offended

6 anyone. There weren't enough translators and

7 I'm sorry if we made too much noise because

8 there was someone interpreting for us in the

9 back. That's all. Thank you.

10 MS. WEGMAN: Well, tell her it was

11 not a problem. Tell her we had no problem at

12 all.

13 We understand and we're sorry we

14 don't have more translators. Thank you very

15 much for translating. Gracias.

16 Our next two speakers are Gail

17 Kara and Evan Gillespie and after that we'll

18 have Steven Ohanesian -- Ohanesian -- I'm

19 sorry, I'll have to let you pronounce it --

20 and Andy Hansen-Smith.

21 Is Evan Gillespie here?

22 DR. KARA: My name is Gail Kara. 
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1 It's G-a-i-l K-a-r-a and I'm a gerontologist. 

2 I'm not an M.D., but I am a Ph.D. who has a

3 background in policy studies at the University

4 of Michigan at a policy-study center that

5 thought in one of its big initiatives about

6 vitality and aging and healthy lifestyles and

7 how people could live in long healthy lives.

8 And with that regard, ozone is a

9 little bit different from the usual ways in

10 which gerontologists would talk to people

11 about healthy aging. We know that lifestyle

12 changes can influence healthy aging and that

13 exercising, eating fruits and vegetables, not

14 smoking or drinking excessively or eating

15 excessively can make a big difference in how

16 well a person ages.

17 However, no matter how many of

18 these positive habits that someone might

19 initiate or lifestyle changes that are made,

20 pollution can have a negative impact on people

21 who have made every possible personal effort

22 to live in a healthy way.
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1 And so this where I think the

2 government can make an important difference

3 for individuals who can't easily escape the

4 consequences of ozone pollution. And I

5 believe that the way to educate the public

6 about the hazards of ozone might be with an

7 approach that might be like a comprehensive

8 campaign to discuss the differential

9 consequences of ozone's harm across the

10 lifespan. And that would be of course

11 starting with birth, infancy, and early

12 childhood.

13 Lung development, like brain

14 development as I understand it, can be

15 compromised by ozone exposure. And this is

16 really something very separate and different

17 from what I've learned. And it's really

18 amazing, it was about a little over a decade

19 ago that there was really a big explosion of

20 articles about brain development, how the

21 brain develops specially after birth. And now

22 I understand that lungs are exactly the same
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1 way, that they branch. And that so you can

2 have very negative consequences from ozone

3 exposure for infants and young children. So

4 I think of this as one special area should be

5 approached differently.

6 And then, secondly, -- and of

7 course if you can't breathe -- if you don't

8 come to your full breathing capacity, that

9 compromises your whole life, going across the

10 lifespan.

11 And I've also learned that it's

12 fairly well known in the epidemiological

13 community that studies lung disease that from

14 about age 13 to 30 ozone can cause more damage

15 to the lungs than it would cause to people who

16 are, say, 30 and over. That there's actually

17 this cohort that can be more damaged. And I

18 don't think this cohort knows that and I think

19 that they really should know it and that

20 they'd be very influenced by knowing that.

21 And on the next level we need to

22 know how ozone exposure relates to chronic
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1 illness. It's my guess that the greater the

2 exposure to ozone the more likely an

3 individual is to manifest a serious lung

4 disease. And there are many lung diseases. 

5 We have talked about a number of them today.

6 And especially we need to think

7 hard about what is the progress of these

8 disease in areas of the country with clean

9 air. So it seems that in some places some

10 people may -- we think about preventing and

11 postponing and prevention and postponing of

12 the onset of like a serious chronic lung

13 disease may be dependent upon ozone exposure

14 and can that be demonstrated and shown because

15 I think that's another key part or set of data

16 that's important to be thinking about.

17 And, finally, for those with

18 serious lung diseases and the elderly, because

19 you have more of a chance of problems when

20 you're older, it's evident that significant

21 increases in hospital visits, emergency room

22 or doctor visits on Spare the Air Days and
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1 even deaths can mean that we have concrete

2 evidence of ozone's harm. So that data alone

3 should be separated out and thought about. 

4 And elderly vote like crazy and it's something

5 they could be thinking about themselves, not

6 just children, although we should be thinking

7 about everybody at all ages.

8 So, in summary, I'm basically

9 suggesting that we think about promoting the

10 full healthy development of lungs, that we

11 warn a cohort of young people 13 to 30 about

12 the possibility that they're more vulnerable

13 to ozone damage, that we want to let people

14 know that ozone standards are there to delay,

15 postpone, or prevent the onset of chronic lung

16 disease and that we want to decrease the

17 number of serious incidents of

18 hospitalizations or premature deaths due to

19 lung illnesses at time when there is peak

20 ozone.

21 Thank you.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.
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1 MR. GILLESPIE: Good afternoon. 

2 And thank you so much for being here in

3 Sacramento today. And my apologies. I picked

4 the wrong moment to slip out of the room, so

5 thank you.

6 MS. WEGMAN: Not a problem.

7 MR. GILLESPIE: My name is Evan

8 Gillespie. E-v-a-n G-i-l-l-e-s-p-i-e. And

9 I'm a Regional Representative for the Sierra

10 Club.

11 With 1.3 million members and

12 supporters across the country, many of them

13 right here in California, the Sierra Club is

14 the United States' oldest and largest

15 grassroots environmental organization. We're

16 here today because of the incredibly important

17 issue being examined today.

18 Members of the Sierra Club are

19 very, very happy to see the EPA proposing

20 protections from smog. Science tells us that

21 the current smog standards fail to protect the

22 health of millions of Americans. In fact, the
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1 EPA's proposal being discussed today is

2 supported by more than 1700 scientific

3 studies, as well as the Agency's own

4 independent scientific advisors. That's vital

5 that the EPA listen to science and strengthen

6 these standards.

7 The EPA's top priorities must be

8 to protect public health and the environment. 

9 EPA has to stand up, stand strong against big

10 coal and other polluters who are fighting to

11 protect the dirty, unhealthy status quo. Smog

12 is especially hazardous to our environment,

13 impacting our views in national parks,

14 damaging forests and crops, and stifling

15 agricultural production. These environmental

16 impacts affect not only our quality of life,

17 but also the bottom line for many areas

18 dependent on tourism and agriculture.

19 In addition to the environmental

20 concerns, smog pollution poses serious health

21 threats, many of which you've already heard

22 about today. Science have compared exposure
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1 to smog pollution as getting sunburned on the

2 lungs. Even low levels of smog can aggravate

3 asthma and cause chest pain and cough, worsen

4 respiratory problems, and cause permanent lung

5 damage.

6 It's unconscionable that

7 Californians can suffer these serious health

8 risks just by breathing the air and it's

9 unconscionable and it's also avoidable.

10 Strengthening the smog safeguards

11 to a 60-parts-per-billion level could help

12 prevent thousands of hospital visits, heart

13 and asthma attacks, and millions of missed

14 work and school days, also save billions of

15 dollars in health costs.

16 Cleaning up dirty air is an

17 investment that will benefit our health, our

18 environment, and our bank accounts.

19 This is why the organizations and

20 individuals you see with me today, including

21 environmentalists, health experts, and

22 scientists alike have united in asking the EPA
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1 to approve a standard that listens to the

2 science and protects both public health and

3 environment from the dangers of smog.

4 Thank you very much.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Very good. Thank

6 you.

7 Our next two speakers are Steven

8 Ohanesian and Andy Hansen-Smith. Are you

9 Steven?

10 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: I'm Andy.

11 MS. WEGMAN: You're Andy. Okay.

12 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: Andy Hansen13 Smith, H-a-n-s-e-n hyphen Smith.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Let me just see, is

15 Steven here?

16 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: I don't see him

17 here. He was here earlier, but...

18 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Well, maybe...

19 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: Is he coming?

20 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Great. If you

21 don't mind waiting.

22 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: Sure, that's
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1 fine.

2 MR. OHANESIAN: I get to walk.

3 Good afternoon. I'm Steve

4 Ohanesian. That's Steven with a "v,"

5 O-h-a-n-e-s-i-a-n. I am from Fresno,

6 California. I appreciate the opportunity to

7 present, and I do support the 60-parts-per8 billion ozone standard.

9 I am born and raised in Fresno on

10 a typical farm. And I am aware of the

11 negative impacts of farming practice,

12 primarily the inefficiencies of the fuel-fired

13 engines. I also raise my own family in Fresno

14 and I noticed respiratory conditions in my

15 three children.

16 We've heard today volumes of

17 material covering a range of effects. And by

18 listening I find that this material appears to

19 be credible and it's all very agreeable to my

20 sensibilities. I'll simply present a

21 different viewpoint.

22 I'm a small business owner. I
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1 have a 30-year experience in the design and

2 consultation for buildings for work and for

3 living. And I work with my clients to

4 implement efficiency, sustainability, and

5 affordability in these places for a higher

6 quality of life.

7 We hear a lot about the present

8 economic challenges that tempt us to think

9 about postponing aesthetics and healthful

10 matters. But I look at this as not only --

11 these economic times not as a time to hold

12 back and lower standards, but rather to raise

13 them.

14 Very recently I had an opportunity

15 to enter into a program and provide my

16 consultative services to the owners of

17 businesses. And I am very aware through this

18 consultative work that there are incentives

19 and measures available to business to help

20 offset the costs of improving their

21 efficiencies, to ensure a better environment

22 for all of us.
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1 I urge the EPA to resist the

2 pressures of polluting industries who would

3 favor the existing standards and instead urge

4 the EPA to pass a strong, health-protective

5 ozone standard of 60 parts per billion.

6 Thank you.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much.

8 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: My name is Andy

9 Hansen-Smith, H-a-n-s-e-n hyphen S-m-i-t-h. 

10 I am a City of Fresno Planning Commissioner,

11 but I'm not speaking on their behalf. I am,

12 however, a father of two daughters. One of my

13 daughters made it here for the trip. 

14 Unfortunately I couldn't get her to come up

15 here and speak herself. Heck, I couldn't get

16 her to just come and stand next to me, but

17 she's here lending her support.

18 MS. WEGMAN: We'll waive. Hi.

19 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: My two

20 daughters, their early lives were spent in

21 Oregon. My wife and I decided to move back to

22 Fresno to be closer to family, but our biggest
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1 debate was the air quality in Fresno. It

2 wasn't the crime, it wasn't the heat, it was

3 the air quality. So we had a debate. If they

4 came back, would they develop asthma. So it

5 was a tough decision, but we decided it was

6 more important to be closer to family. But we

7 still worry about their health. So far they

8 haven't had any breathing problems, but you

9 never know.

10 As my daughters get older I want

11 them to have the choice to live in Fresno if

12 they want to and not be forced to leave just

13 solely for health reasons. If their hearts'

14 desires takes them away from Fresno, sobeit. 

15 But if they're leaving just out protect the

16 health of their heart or their lungs, then

17 that's not okay.

18 I think the savings from

19 healthcare would more than make up for the

20 cost of cleaning industries. I think it is

21 morally and financially the correct thing to

22 do to make the limit of 60 parts per billion.
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1 Thank you.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you for coming

3 and thank you to your daughters for coming.

4 MR. HANSEN-SMITH: You're welcome.

5 MS. WEGMAN: And they should be

6 very proud of their dad.

7 Our next two speakers are Kent

8 Pinkerton and Robert Callahan. And after that

9 it will be Rick Bettis and Ann Martin.

10 DR. PINKERTON: Good afternoon.

11 MS. WEGMAN: Just if you wouldn't

12 mind waiting till -- is Robert Callahan here? 

13 Come on forward. We're trying to do two at a

14 time, so.

15 DR. PINKERTON: Good afternoon. 

16 I'm Ken Pinkerton, P-i-n-k-e-r-t-o-n, and I'm

17 representing the American Thoracic Society. 

18 I serve as the Chair of the Environmental

19 Health Policy Committee for the American

20 Thoracic Society. And I'm also a faculty

21 member in the Department of Pediatrics at the

22 U.C. Davis School of Medicine. And I am
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1 pleased to be able to represent the American

2 Thoracic Society this afternoon.

3 And the ATS strongly recommends

4 that the EPA adopt a National Ambient Air

5 Quality Standard of 60 parts per billion. The

6 American Thoracic Society is a medical society

7 of over 15,000 members, who are really

8 dedicated to research, prevention, and

9 detection, and cure of respiratory diseases. 

10 And the quality of the air that we breathe

11 plays an important role in respiratory health,

12 both in terms of causing disease as well as

13 exacerbating existing diseases.

14 While there are many pollutants

15 that play a role in respiratory health, few

16 play as important a role as ozone. And it's

17 rare in life as well as in government that we

18 get a second chance. And we are pleased that

19 through a combination of a court action as

20 well as the Administrator's willingness to

21 review the 2007 decision, that EPA is again

22 reviewing the Air Quality Standard for Ozone. 
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1 And we strongly urge that the EPA take full

2 advantage of this second chance and issue a

3 stricter standard of 60 parts per billion.

4 While I will not attempt to recite

5 the extensive peer-reviewed literature base

6 that demonstrates that ozone is bad for

7 health, I think it's important to note that

8 research has shown that exposure leads to

9 increased hospitalization, emergency room

10 visits, and decreased lung function.

11 There are multiple city studies

12 that have also demonstrated that ozone

13 exposure increases mortality. I will leave

14 with the panel a 2007 editorial published in

15 the American Journal of Respiratory and

16 Critical Care Medicine, which we

17 affectionately refer to as "the blue journal,"

18 making the case for a stricter ozone standard.

19 I am also wanting to alert the

20 panel that a similar editorial will be

21 published in the February 15th issue of the

22 blue journal that again lays out the rationale
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1 for a stricter standard of 60 parts per

2 billion, and I have the galleys for that here

3 since I am a coauthor on that editorial.

4 I also have a copy of the written

5 public comments that were jointly submitted by

6 the American Thoracic Society, the American

7 Medical Association, the American College of

8 Chest Physicians, the American College of

9 Prevention Medicine, the American College of

10 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the

11 American Society of Cardiovascular and

12 Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and the National

13 Association for the Medical Direction of

14 Respiratory Care, which all endorse a stricter

15 standard of 60 parts per billion.

16 I'd also like to inform the panel

17 that there is a forthcoming abstract. It's a

18 late-breaking abstract that will be presented

19 at the American Thoracic Society, that uses a

20 rollback analysis on Benmap, which is a

21 program that was designed by the Environmental

22 Protection Agency that estimates that there
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1 will be significant health benefits from a 60-

2 parts-per-billion standard, including a

3 reduction in all-cause mortality that will be

4 between 1900 to 2600 fewer deaths, 3.5 million

5 reduced respiratory symptoms, and over 1600

6 prevented hospital visits. 

7 And I'll share a copy of this

8 abstract with the EPA staff as soon as it is

9 available.

10 And, in summary, the ATS strongly

11 urges the EPA to adopt a protective standard

12 for ozone at 60 parts per billion. Please

13 take full advantage of this important second

14 chance. Thank you.

15 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. And we

16 would very much like to have those galleys and

17 the abstract.

18 MR. CALLAHAN: Thank you. Good

19 afternoon. My name is Robert Callahan. I'm

20 here with the California Chamber of Commerce.

21 The California Chamber of Commerce

22 is the largest broadbase business advocate in
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1 California, representing the interests of over

2 16,000 businesses, large and small and medium. 

3 We appreciate the opportunity to provide

4 comments here today. And I do appreciate the

5 conversations that's been happening here.

6 Clearly we agree that the quality

7 of our air is very important and share the

8 goal of achieving our national air quality

9 standards. We also believe that environmental

10 policy can achieve important goals without

11 putting undue strain on the economy, economic

12 health, and the business climate if it's

13 drafted reasonably and implemented reasonably.

14 That being said, we think it's

15 imperative that the proposal before us today

16 be looked at through the lens of the economic

17 and our historic recession that the country is

18 experiencing right now. I'm sure we need no

19 remainders, but I'll mention the nationwide

20 unemployment rate is at 10 percent currently. 

21 California is at an alarming 12.4 percent.

22 Here in California in December we
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1 lost 38,000 jobs, nearly 6,000 in

2 manufacturing, 7,000 in construction, 15,000

3 in trade, transportation, utilities, et

4 cetera, et cetera.

5 California, like other states, has

6 been experienced incessant budget crises,

7 forcing the state to make severe budget cuts,

8 cutbacks, layoffs, elimination of public

9 services, public service jobs, et cetera.

10 These budget problems are a

11 symptom of a faltering economy, in our

12 opinion. Bringing our economy back to health

13 and prosperity is the key to fixing

14 California's budget problems as well as budget

15 problems around the country, and are most

16 important to restoring employment rates to

17 healthy levels, which begs the question for

18 us: Why is the U.S. EPA moving forward to

19 tighten the ozone standard at a time like

20 this?

21 The EPA just 21 months ago lowered

22 the ozone standards from 80 to 75 parts per
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1 billion. Tightening these standards even

2 further will have the significant impact on

3 the many areas in California that are already

4 struggling to attain the ADPPB standard, let

5 alone the more recent stringent 75 standard.

6 Hurting local economies by pushing

7 the standard forward at this time doesn't seem

8 to make much sense to us. Serious

9 repercussions result immediately from

10 nonattainment area designations, such as

11 increased costs to industry, permitting

12 delays, restrictions on expansion, as well as

13 impacts on transportation planning.

14 There are increased costs to

15 businesses and consumers due to special

16 requirements for vehicles and fuel sold in the

17 area and for commercial and consumer products.

18 For those reasons we would urge

19 the EPA to maintain the ozone standard at the

20 current 75-parts-per-billion level that was

21 implemented less than 21 months ago.

22 Another issue that we think is
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1 important from the California Chambers of

2 Commerce perspective is that the EPA has not

3 adequately considered the impacts of

4 international border pollution on current and

5 future ozone levels. EPA is presently unable

6 to reliably forecast the impacts of overseas

7 emissions, those emanating from China, India,

8 Africa, and other places that blow over to the

9 United States, and their impact on our

10 domestic ozone levels.

11 Overseas pollution impact on our

12 ozone levels can be expected to grow as those

13 economies and the world economy is expanding. 

14 This will make it more difficult for areas in

15 California and throughout the country to meet

16 the increasing stringent standards being

17 pursued by EPA. So we think ultimately that's

18 an important issue to be addressed by the EPA,

19 if possible, in the future when we'll be

20 pushing for, hopefully, some sort of

21 resolution on that.

22 Thank you again for the
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1 opportunity to comment today. And thanks for

2 your consideration.

3 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. I just

4 want to note on the question you raise about

5 border pollution, this is a reconsideration of

6 the record from the March 2008 rule, but at

7 the same time we are starting a new review of

8 ozone, working in parallel. And this question

9 about border pollution has been raised

10 elsewhere of course, and that will certainly

11 be something we'll be looking at very closely

12 in the next review, so that's the thing.

13 MR. CALLAHAN: Great. Thank you.

14 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you both.

15 Our next speakers are Rick Bettis

16 and Ann martin. And after that it will be

17 Karen Mele.

18 MR. BETTIS: Thank you. My name

19 is Rick Bettis. That's R-i-c-k B-e-t-t-i-s,

20 and I'm here primarily as a volunteer with the

21 Sierra Club. I do volunteer work at, well,

22 the Sierra Club California, the local Mother
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1 Lode and chapter and Sacramento group levels

2 of the Sierra Club. But I also might mention

3 that I speak from the perspective of being an

4 active member and volunteer of other

5 organizations who are equally concerned on

6 this issue, and that includes the League of

7 Women Voters, who -- they don't have a

8 specific criteria, but they do urge all that

9 can be done to improve our air quality from

10 the perspective of our public health.

11 And then Breathe California, which

12 you might know is sort of a sister

13 organization, actually a spinoff of the

14 National Lung Association. There I

15 participate in what they call their Health

16 Effects Task Force, which is made up of some

17 real qualified health professionals: 

18 Epidemiologist and public health officers from

19 the local Sacramento County area as well as

20 the University of California. And listening

21 I learn a lot.

22 Actually I should have mentioned
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1 that I'm a retired civil engineer who started

2 my career with CalTrans building highways and

3 now I'm a dedicated transit rider, so. But

4 with this Health Effects Task Force it's very

5 clear that the more you learn about this

6 issue, the more serious it looks. And I think

7 that group would certainly urge you to

8 strengthen these standards.

9 I also am a volunteer with the

10 Physicians for Social Responsibility, who is

11 another medical organization that probably

12 their perspective is somewhat wider than most

13 medical organizations, but they do strongly

14 urge to strengthen these standards as well. 

15 And there are those within that organizations

16 who have quite qualified and done quite a bit

17 of looking at this issue.

18 Well, you've heard a lot about the

19 lung-impairment factors on the ozone. So I

20 won't try to repeat those or compete with

21 those, who know a whole lot more than I do. 

22 But I might mention on a personal level I grew
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1 up in the San Joaquin Valley and I did lose a

2 father to lung disease and a sister who spent

3 half her life with asthma. So I have a

4 personal connection with this, so I feel it as

5 well as the broader public policy perspective.

6 Amongst those who I work with on a

7 volunteer basis, there is one -- well, she's

8 a developmental pediatrician and she's worked

9 with autistic children for 20-some years. And

10 she somewhat confirms what was mentioned by

11 the gerontologist, that she has done quite a

12 bit of research and she is about to get a

13 grant, a federal grant, to do more research on

14 the connection of nitric oxide with autism in

15 children. And of course nitric oxide is one

16 of the more important precursors of ozone. So

17 by reducing the emissions of nitric oxide, you

18 would also help to several what she feels is

19 a clear connection with autism in children. 

20 And she works with those folks at all times.

21 Then, lastly, I might mention

22 this. The reduction in emissions, nitric
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1 oxide especially, would help us in our battle

2 with climate change, which is something that

3 is even more ominous out there.

4 So I would like to join the others

5 and urge you to adopt the strengthen of the

6 standard to the 60 parts per billion. So

7 thank you.

8 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

9 MS. MARTIN: Thank you. My name

10 is Ann Martin. That's A-n-n M-a-r-t-i-n. I'd

11 like to thank the Sierra Club for letting me

12 know about today, because I've been a member

13 for years and I'm really speaking as an

14 individual.

15 I grew up in the Mohawk Valley of

16 New York state and I'm a child of the

17 depression. Just automatically we became

18 conservationists, at least a lot of people of

19 my generation are. We just don't waste

20 things. We're very tight, too.

21 But I don't ever remember anybody

22 having asthma. And I talked to
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1 contemporaries: Do you remember children

2 being sick when we were young? They weren't. 

3 But I ended up with a child, and this was in

4 New Jersey, and we couldn't figure out what

5 was wrong with her. This was in the early

6 '70s. And we ended up with a pulmonary man. 

7 And this doctor said go outside and look at

8 the dirty air. This is the early '70s. He

9 said: I am convinced this is why all of these

10 children are sick. That's almost 40 years

11 ago.

12 I became an instant tree hugger. 

13 I joined environmental groups because I feel

14 this is where we're going to fight disease. 

15 I don't look for cures, I look for prevention. 

16 And, let's see, I have a son-in-law who grew

17 up in L.A. and my understanding is he has very

18 bad asthma today. There was a time you

19 couldn't see the San Gabriels. You can today.

20 And somehow it can be improved. I

21 mean I've been told you couldn't see the

22 mountains. And, as I say, you can. But right
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1 here the smog in Sacramento -- I now have

2 grandchildren, four of them are in the

3 foothills, my understanding is the smog rises

4 at night. I tell my daughter: Don't let the

5 kids out at night. You know, and there is one

6 who is here.

7 Federal money being granted for

8 roads, or whatever. I don't know all the ins

9 and outs of it, but it gives us some way that

10 we can enforce this kind of improvement.

11 As I say, I volunteer right now

12 for Fish and Wildlife. I did it for seven

13 months last year. This is my way, and it's

14 bottom line, let's clean up, not just air, but

15 water and everything else. And I thank you

16 very much -- oh, last one, cataract surgery: 

17 Thank you, smog.

18 MS. WEGMAN: Well, thank you very

19 much.

20 Is Karen Mele here? And then we

21 will take a break after that.

22 MS. MELE: My name is Karen Mele. 
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1 It's K-a-r-e-n M-e-l-e. I'm here with the

2 Central Valley Air Quality Coalition and I'm

3 also here as a citizen. I consider myself an

4 active citizen. I'm a resident of Fresno in

5 the San Joaquin Valley.

6 A couple of years ago I decided to

7 try to decrease my impact or negative impact

8 on air quality, I got rid of my car, and I

9 rely solely on public transportation, walking,

10 and bicycling, which is quite a challenge in

11 the Fresno area. It's a slightly rural,

12 slightly urban area, but I make it work. And

13 the benefits greatly outweigh the challenges.

14 On some days, however, when the

15 smog index is quite high, I am literally

16 jeopardizing my health to try to decrease my

17 pollution impacts. So I'm hit with this

18 dichotomy of do I stay indoors, not go to

19 work, suffer financially, or go outside and

20 risk my own health literally to transport

21 myself.

22 I strongly urge you to consider
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1 the 60-parts-per-billion standard and help

2 everyone in the United States make healthy

3 lifestyle choices so that they can go outdoors

4 and walk, sit in the park, get out of their

5 cars without having to breathe dirty air. 

6 Thank you.

7 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you. Thank you

8 very much for coming.

9 Okay. We'll take a 15-minute

10 break.

11 (Recess taken from 3:40 p.m. to

12 4:04 p.m.)

13 MS. WEGMAN: So we have got a

14 couple of folks here ready to speak. So we'll

15 take them and I think then we'll have another

16 break since we don't have too many more

17 people, I think, who want to speak, at least

18 right now.

19 So Dorothy Rothrock and Dick Ely

20 -- or Ely. Yes, you are. Sorry, yes. We

21 have a timer and each person gets five

22 minutes.
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1 MS. ROTHROCK: Okay, that's fine.

2 MS. WEGMAN: And if you could

3 spell your name for the court reporter.

4 MS. ROTHROCK: Wonderful. I'm

5 Dorothy Rothrock. It's Dorothy

6 R-o-t-h-r-o-c-k. Thank you. It's wonderful

7 just to come in and do this and then go.

8 MS. WEGMAN: You came at the right

9 time.

10 MS. ROTHROCK: Yeah. I'm Dorothy

11 Rothrock. I'm the Vice President of

12 Government Affairs for the California

13 Manufacturers and Technology Association. 

14 We're -- we represent large and small

15 manufacturers in California. We have about

16 600 members and we ordinarily work on state

17 legislation with regard to manufacturing,

18 environmental issues, tax issues, corporate

19 counsel issues, energy issues. And we're here

20 to discuss of course this new ozone regulation

21 of the federal government. We appreciate the

22 chance to comment.
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1 Of course as you know, this matter

2 is a very high importance to manufacturers,

3 both as a direct regulation issue but also how

4 it may increase the costs of our input, such

5 as power plants and fuel refineries and the

6 other inputs to manufacturers.

7 Of great concern to the

8 Manufacturing Association is that since the

9 peak in about January 2000 we've lost 600,000

10 manufacturing jobs in California. We believe

11 that it's vital that we encourage job growth

12 in the state and that this new standard will

13 have a downward impact on employment. We

14 think it will hurt jobs and that this is not

15 the time to be making the standard more strict

16 than it is.

17 On top of this standard there are

18 other stricter requirements that I see that

19 I've been told are coming down the road, on: 

20 Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, pm, and of

21 course in California particularly we're

22 looking at new regulations on greenhouse gas
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1 emissions. And I'm working on this issue

2 almost full time in California. We're looking

3 at regulations on fuels, direct regulations

4 that could be a cap-and-trade program, and

5 that's of course under California's own AB32,

6 which is a climate bill that will cap

7 emissions in California, taking us down to

8 1990 levels by 2020.

9 So when we look at the horizon of

10 all the various things we're going to have to

11 comply with over the next few years, this is

12 just another one adding on top, creating a

13 kind of pile-on effect for regulation that's

14 really going to put a dampening effect on the

15 economy just when we need some relief.

16 As you know, unemployment in

17 California exceeds 12 percent. It's one of

18 the highest levels in the country. And we've

19 got to turn that around. California is a big

20 state in the union and we hope California can

21 lead us out of the recession and not

22 necessarily operate as a drag on keeping the
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1 country from coming out of the recession.

2 So I encourage you to take another

3 look at this, give it a few more years, stick

4 with the current standard, probably the bad

5 economy has already reduced ozone to the

6 extent that it's related to productive

7 activity, because I know a lot of the

8 facilities that are in our membership have cut

9 back, have reduced production because of the

10 recession.

11 I appreciate the time you've given

12 me. Thank you very much.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

14 MR. ELY: Ms. Wegman, thank you

15 very much for the time. My name is Richard

16 Ely, E-l-y. I am the head of a small

17 hydropower and small wind-development company.

18 Most of the people here today have

19 spoken to you in terms of depth of regulation. 

20 I'd like to slightly change the venue to speak

21 of breadth of regulation.

22 Section 309 of the Federal Clean
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1 Air Act requires you to intervene on NEPA

2 issues in federal process, basically in

3 processes done by other federal agencies. A

4 problem here is that the EPA's intervention or

5 entrance into these other federal processes

6 has been lackluster at best. And as an

7 example, we are here in California tearing

8 down a large number of small hydropower

9 plants. The ramifications of this are that

10 there will be a substitution of coal and

11 natural gas for the torn-down plants,

12 basically because there is a huge effort right

13 now in this state to have renewable energy,

14 and that is not going to be increased. So we

15 have a replacement.

16 That analysis, the air quality

17 analysis of the replaced generation is not

18 done by EPA. So what you have is an

19 evaluation of projects, typically a project

20 will have an impact on the fish or the birds

21 or the bats, depending on the type of project,

22 but there's no one there to look at the air
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1 quality impacts and the downstream impacts of

2 that air quality on fish, humans, and the

3 planet. This is entirely the responsibility

4 of EPA under 309, and we would very much like

5 to see that increase. I'd be happy to take

6 any questions. But what's happening right

7 now, for example, is basically a complete

8 silence on the air impacts, the indirect

9 impacts of tearing out green production as a

10 result of having nobody on the air quality

11 analysis side of the table.

12 MS. WEGMAN: If I could just make

13 sure I'm understanding, you're saying that the

14 state is tearing out existing hydropower

15 facilities?

16 MR. ELY: The Federal Energy

17 Regulatory Commission is evaluating the

18 environmental impacts of various hydropower

19 projects. There is no question that part of

20 that analysis includes the impacts through the

21 water on the fish. What is missing, however,

22 is the indirect impacts through the air on the
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1 fish and on the humans.

2 Whenever you tear out the one

3 plant, in effect, that generation is going to

4 be made by other parts, notably coal and

5 natural gas. That blows down wind, creates

6 destruction, as has been testified elsewhere

7 of the atmosphere, acid rains, and destroys a

8 large number of fish, but the fish that are

9 destroyed through the air path are not

10 asserted under the purview of the immediate

11 regulators who are charged with a particular

12 river, stream; and so the regulators seldom

13 look beyond the small geographic area of the

14 river basin or the river where the dam in

15 question is. This is really an air vector

16 that is entirely in the 309 classification and

17 falls under the Clean Air Act. And we'd

18 certainly appreciate your help in coming up

19 with some strong intervention or testimony on

20 these issues when they're before the FERC. 

21 Thank you very much.

22 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.
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1 MR. ELY: And I'm happy to answer

2 any other questions.

3 MS. WEGMAN: Yes. Please.

4 MR. ELY: Ms. Adams.

5 MS. ADAMS: Hi. I'm from Region

6 9. Do you have a specific project that you

7 are thinking about right now?

8 MR. ELY: Well, I'm very much

9 involved in several. The particular one that

10 this is an issue or is an exemplar of this is

11 the Kilarc, that's K-i-l-a-r-c, Cow Creek

12 Project. That's up in Northern California.

13 The particular mode of it

14 operating is all of the regulatory and review

15 agencies have a purview, basically a NIMBY

16 purview of their particular area. For

17 example, Region 9. There is nobody that is

18 looking on a national perspective or really a

19 whole statewide perspective or national or

20 certainly world perspective of the indirect

21 effects through the air.

22 MS. ADAMS: Thank you.
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1 MR. ELY: Thank you very much.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Thank you.

3 Is there anybody else here who

4 would like to speak right now?

5 Okay. If not, we'll take another

6 break. Thank you.

7 (Recess taken from 4:12 p.m. to

8 6:22 p.m.)

9 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much

10 for coming. Welcome to the hearing. You have

11 five minutes to speak, and we have a timer. 

12 So whenever you're ready you can just spell

13 your name for our court reporter and begin. 

14 And my name is Lydia Wegman and I'm chairing

15 the panel. We have Rory Mays, Elizabeth

16 Adams, and Susan Stone, all EPA employees,

17 along with me.

18 DR. WANG: Well, thank you very

19 much. My name is Harry Wang. That's spelled

20 W-a-n-g.

21 I am the President of the

22 Sacramento Chapter of Physicians for Social
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1 Responsibility. I represent our 700 members

2 as well as our entire national organization of

3 30,000 professionals and other concerned

4 citizens. We have 31 chapters across the

5 country. We also have 60 medical student

6 groups as part of our organization.

7 One of Physicians for Social

8 Responsibility's main areas of interest is

9 promoting better health through environmental

10 protection. And I thank you for this

11 opportunity to present comments on the NAAQS

12 for Ozone. 

13 I'm also a Board-certified

14 pediatrician and child psychiatrist. And I'm

15 treated many children with asthma. My own

16 daughter was hospitalized in intensive care at

17 the age of nine at a hospital here in

18 Sacramento. And I recall many nights when I

19 had to be up with her giving her breathing

20 treatments. And I can tell you as a parent

21 and as the child herself, there's very few

22 things as scary for children as not being able
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1 to breathe and not being able to get enough

2 oxygen.

3 PSR would like to thank the EPA in

4 recognizing that the ozone standards set in

5 2008 are not sufficiently low to protect our

6 citizens. We are grateful that the standard

7 is to be grounded in science, with the goal of

8 promoting public health "with an adequate

9 margin of safety."

10 This is an important standard

11 because ground-level ozone pollution is the

12 most pervasive air pollutant in the United

13 States. An estimated one-third of Americans

14 live in areas with unhealthy levels of ozone,

15 which places this third of the population at

16 risk for serious health problems.

17 The science is clear: Ozone

18 pollution reduces lung function and harms the

19 airways. Ozone exposure increases the risk of

20 premature death from heart or lung disease. 

21 Breathing ozone is associated with more lung

22 infections, medication use, doctors visits,
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1 and hospital admissions, especially for adults

2 and children who have chronic cardiac or lung

3 diseases.

4 Ozone pollution especially harms

5 children because they breathe at a more rapid

6 rate, they spend more time outdoors, and they

7 have higher levels of physical activities than

8 adults.

9 Physicians for Social

10 Responsibility urges the EPA to lower the

11 eight-hour primary standard to 0.060 parts per

12 million. An even lower-limit concentration

13 should be considered if the EPA would like to

14 adopt a standard that truly protects

15 vulnerable populations, such as children and

16 adults with chronic diseases.

17 We base this position on

18 published, peer-reviewed, scientific studies

19 that demonstrate measurable health impacts for

20 subjects even at 0.06 parts per million ozone

21 exposure. These impacts include reductions in

22 lung function as measured by forced expiratory
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1 volume in one second. Now these studies were

2 done on individuals in good health and would

3 have shown even more effects for vulnerable

4 individuals.

5 PSR also recommends that the new

6 eight-hour primary standard for ozone be

7 implemented in the shortest timeframe

8 possible. Too many Americans already suffer

9 from and die from respiratory diseases. You

10 know the numbers: Hundred thousand deaths

11 annually, four million hospitalizations, 14

12 million emergency room visits, and 112 million

13 visits to clinics for individuals with lung

14 diseases.

15 Given the clearcut cause-and16 effect association between respiratory

17 conditions and ozone levels above the proposed

18 standard, any delay in reducing ambient ozone

19 concentrations will inevitably cause ozone20 related morbidity and mortality. The current

21 estimated time line for implementation allows

22 some states up to 20 years -- that's 20 years
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1 -- to meet the primary standard. From a

2 public health perspective, this is an

3 unacceptable delay and will cause needless

4 suffering and loss of lives.

5 We realize that compliance with

6 any new standard will be costly for industry,

7 but these costs will be offset by savings in

8 healthcare expenditures and increased

9 productivity at work. And, more importantly,

10 quality of life will improve and many lives

11 will be saved.

12 In summary, PSR supports lowering

13 the primary standard of ozone to 0.06 parts

14 per million and urges consideration of even

15 lower-limit concentration of this the EPA

16 wishes to provide "an adequate margin of

17 safety" to vulnerable populations, especially

18 children. We urge that the new standard for

19 ozone be implemented in the shortest timeframe

20 possible to minimize the current health

21 effects of ozone pollution.

22 Thank you.
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1 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you very much. 

2 If there are any specific studies that you

3 want to cite, you could submit those for the

4 record, not necessarily the studies, but just

5 the citations, you can email those to us. The

6 comment period, we have a written comment

7 period that's open till March 22nd. So the

8 study you mentioned about the health effects

9 of .060, if you want to just note that in your

10 email that would be helpful.

11 DR. WANG: Okay.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Well, thank

13 you very much for coming in.

14 DR. WANG: Thank you.

15 MS. WEGMAN: We very much

16 appreciate it.

17 DR. WANG: Thank you very much.

18 MS. WEGMAN: I don't think we have

19 anyone else who is going to speak right now,

20 so I think we will take a break and see if

21 anybody else comes.

22 (Off the record from 6:28 p.m. to
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1 6:31 p.m.)

2 MR. PARTANSKY: I'm Joseph

3 Stanislaus Alexander Partanksy. You can call

4 me Joe Partansky.

5 MS. WEGMAN: Wait until the court

6 reporter is ready.

7 MR. PARTANSKY: P-a-r-t-a-n-s-k-y. 

8 You don't need the whole kit and caboodle.

9 I'm a former board member of the

10 United States Mexico Board of Public Health

11 Association and been involved with some of the

12 politics of healthcare, ex-research analyst,

13 and also with the health department, the

14 addictions therein, and been an advocate for

15 personal disability for quite some time. I

16 coordinated the World Congress of Medicine in

17 Mexico City for the secretary in 1974 for the

18 extra aspects of physical medicine.

19 In the area of the WHO standard of

20 50 parts per billion, this last gentleman came

21 closest to mentioning the idea to have a wider

22 effort reserved for healthcare, particularly
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1 for those who are already disabled. And I

2 would think some way along the way a serious

3 review of the WHO standards ought to be worth

4 considering and not what happens to be in the

5 U.S. perspective.

6 We have a situation where we have

7 a tendency to use civil rights, because that's

8 part of our U.S. history, but the U.N. various

9 conventions use human rights. And the idea of

10 the WHO having a more universal, relevant kind

11 of perspective is something worth considering,

12 rather than our being too parochial in a

13 situation.

14 I have dealt with people who are

15 elderly. As a licensed nursing home

16 administrator, practiced for the last 25

17 years, dealing with people who have

18 disabilities and are at lower levels of

19 health, and I would think from the standpoint

20 of the 60, if the WHO has 50 there must be

21 some significance to that. And I urge you to

22 make the serious effort to compare and
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1 contrast why the 60 rather than the 50, in

2 light of what appears to be some background.

3 I know that the issues of

4 healthcare and the policies thereof, it's nice

5 to be able to have a second chance -- to have

6 a third chance down the road, if you can kind

7 of sidestep that, like they do in Africa,

8 where they have the cellphones and you no

9 longer need to have the lines, what-have-you,

10 it would be kind of nice to get the 50 now

11 rather than later. So I recommend the WHO 

12 standard be seriously considered and reviewed.

13 I think with that kind of

14 contrast, the last gentleman came closest to

15 it from the standpoint that if you really want

16 to have a good standard margin of safety, and

17 realize that we have different subpopulations

18 who are susceptible, the young people and the

19 elderly, and others who may have other

20 problems, including asthma who don't want to

21 have additional materials in the environment,

22 so that not only is there a morbidity factor
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1 but there is a factor of minimizing the

2 quality of the morbidity, as we say in the

3 rehab, primary, secondary, and tertiary

4 prevention, to use those fancy terms, kind of

5 help to minimize the progression, if you can,

6 and call that secondary prevention and realize

7 that what we're understanding here, it's not

8 only going to affect new cases but also the

9 people who may already be under the damage of

10 this.

11 Thank you.

12 MS. WEGMAN: Well, thank you.

13 MR. PARTANSKY: Any questions?

14 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you for taking

15 the time to talk. And to the extent you have

16 any information that you want to submit in

17 support of the WHO standard, anything that -- 

18 MR. PARTANKSY: Well, I was

19 talking to this gentleman here. We're going

20 to see if we can find out what that standard

21 is supported by. I have some contacts over

22 there, so I can probably -- and use my
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1 internet.

2 MS. WEGMAN: Okay. Very good. 

3 Well, thank you. Thank you for being here

4 today.

5 MS. STONE: Thank you for coming

6 and thank you for testifying.

7 (Off the record from 6:35 p.m. to

8 6:36 p.m.)

9 MR. TEAGUE: Well, good evening. 

10 My name is Jonathan Teague. I live here in

11 Sacramento, California. I'm glad that I have

12 a chance to speak to you all tonight.

13 MS. WEGMAN: Jon, could you just

14 spell your name for our court reporter?

15 MR. TEAGUE: Sure. You bet.

16 MS. WEGMAN: Thank you.

17 MR. TEAGUE: It's Jonathan,

18 J-o-n-a-t-h-a-n, middle initial M., last name

19 Teague, that's T-, as in Tom, -e-a-g-u-e.

20 And I'll just go ahead and plunge

21 right in here. I'm very happy to see that the

22 EPA is examining the standards for ground-
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1 level ozone. That's an issue, a problem that

2 we've struggled a lot with in the Sacramento

3 area over a number of years, as the city has

4 expanded and car traffic has picked up and

5 there have been more emissions.

6 The particular basin we're in

7 tends to exacerbate the problem. I think

8 that's not something that the EPA standard can

9 address directly, but it is an issue for us.

10 I'll speak a little bit from

11 personal experience. My mother lived with us

12 for a number of years here in Sacramento. And

13 she was I guess what you'd call one of a

14 vulnerable population. She suffered from

15 chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. And

16 we definitely could tell when we were having

17 a bad air day here in Sacramento. So I know

18 that it's an issue for people who have health

19 concerns, but it's also an issue for those of

20 us who are in relatively good health.

21 There are other aspects of this

22 and I know you've heard about this from other
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1 people so I'm not going to belabor it. 

2 Agriculture is a major industry here in

3 California, tree crops in particular. And

4 these particular kinds of crops are certainly

5 sensitive to atmospheric ozone as well. The

6 people can get up and run away and the plants

7 are sort of stuck there and kind of have to

8 just absorb it.

9 It is something that I think EPA

10 needs to look at long term. I understand that

11 there are a number of studies, and again I

12 won't go into the literature here, that have

13 indicated that this is a toxicant that

14 definitely needs to be addressed. Lower

15 standards, I think, would go a long way to

16 protecting public health.

17 One of the things that a lower

18 standard would do of course is potentially put

19 a number of areas, possibly including

20 Sacramento, into a nonattainment status. What

21 that would do for us is it would force us to

22 address some land-use planning and
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1 transportation issues that we have managed to

2 avoid so far. So that would be an indirect

3 effect, certainly an impact of the standard,

4 that I would urge you not to put too much

5 weight on the fact that this could be an

6 action-forcing standard, because action is

7 really what we need here to improve the air

8 quality.

9 And I guess that's really all I

10 have to say. I just want to express my

11 support for EPA's interest in revisiting the

12 standard. I think it's long overdue. And I

13 appreciate you coming all the way out here to

14 California for this hearing to take this

15 testimony.

16 Do you have any questions I could

17 answer?

18 MS. STONE: I have one question.

19 MR. TEAGUE: Sure.

20 MS. STONE: The range that was

21 proposed was 60 to 70 parts per billion. Do

22 you have a support for any particular level in
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1 that range?

2 MR. TEAGUE: I don't have any

3 particular evidence to bring to bear on that. 

4 I think people who are actually researching

5 the field, folks who are constructing that

6 kind of investigation could speak to that more

7 directly. Like I say, my sources are all

8 secondary, so I don't have any primary

9 research to bring to bear.

10 MS. STONE: So you're expressing

11 support for just the range?

12 MR. TEAGUE: Yes. Yes.

13 MS. STONE: That makes sense.

14 MR. TEAGUE: I understand the

15 World Health Organization has a lower

16 standard; -- 

17 MS. STONE: Right.

18 MR. TEAGUE: -- that's certainly

19 something that should be taken under

20 advisement. Again, and I can't point you to

21 what literature they're looking at, but...

22 MS. STONE: All right. Thank you
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1 very much for coming.

2 MR. TEAGUE: Thank you. Sure.

3 MS. STONE: We appreciate it.

4 MS. WEGMAN: We do appreciate your

5 coming. Thank you.

6 MR. TEAGUE: Thank you.

7 (Off the record from 6:41 p.m. to

8 7:30 p.m.)

9 MS. STONE: This is Susan Stone,

10 the hearing official for this public hearing. 

11 It is 7:30. There are no people here to

12 testify, so I declare this hearing closed.

13 (Whereupon, the hearing was

14 adjourned at 7:30 p.m.)

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22
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coauthor 244:3

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codes 81:18

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collapsed 39:19

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compensation 88:6

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complex 95:3

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concluding 54:14

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conduit 26:14

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conflicting 116:10

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confounder 16:10

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coordination

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copollutants 16:7

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cords 43:3

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correct 240:21

correctly 25:1

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correlation 16:6

corresponded

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cost 69:17 115:4,21

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costly 138:3 144:13

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costs 38:3,4 47:20

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cough 221:11 235:3

coughing 74:7

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counsel 259:19

counties 45:21,21

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counting 98:11

countless 19:9

countries 25:21

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country 19:12

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course 68:1 69:19

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court 3:18 5:15 6:4

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courts 53:19 88:14

cousin 106:7 160:6

cover 139:18

covering 125:15

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Cow 266:11

crazy 103:3,17,21

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create 127:11

200:9

created 126:15

128:2 146:20

147:9 171:3

creates 34:1 186:14

265:5

creating 261:12

creation 38:7

creativity 147:20

credible 76:6

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credit 135:9

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crime 41:2 240:2

crises 247:6

crisis 167:18 199:3

criteria 44:17

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critical 30:8 50:22

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criticism 87:19

critics 138:2

crops 234:14 280:3

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crying 210:19

CSU 168:7

CTIA 130:16,18

culprit 180:14

cumulated 9:9

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cures 255:15

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currently 25:7

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currents 100:7

cut 49:1 262:8

cutbacks 247:8

cutoff 56:10

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CVAQC 203:2,4

cytokines 220:20

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C-a-t-h-e-r-i-n-e

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C-h-a-r-l-e-s 153:7

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dampening 261:14

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dangers 219:4

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decrement 14:4,7

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degree 40:10 96:12

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directly 19:22

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dirty 108:16,19

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disability 274:15

disabled 275:1

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discredit 134:5,9

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discussing 12:21

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docket 1:10 6:8

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dollars 19:16 57:5

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dramatically

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dust 216:8

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191:21 197:20

199:10,12,18

201:18 203:1,7,10

203:12 204:15

205:2 206:2,15,20

207:3 208:8,21

209:4,22 210:3

211:6,14 212:12

214:13 253:1

254:15 257:2,5

Valleys 122:6

value 9:2,2,16

129:9

values 9:3,6,8,12

11:9

Vance 94:15

102:13 104:2,3

variability 14:21

15:4,12

varies 19:21 20:15

various 66:16 98:9

125:6 211:15

261:10 264:18

275:8

vast 27:14 87:7

145:21 152:2

vastly 10:15

vector 265:15

vegetables 228:13

vegetation 9:5

114:9 139:3

vehicle 24:17 25:1

25:5 26:1 44:19

51:10,16 102:1

125:16 126:17

127:7,14 128:3,11

128:12 131:22

132:4 133:6,10,11

133:16,19 136:2

149:12 150:3

173:15

vehicles 24:20 25:3

26:11,17 102:3

126:5,14 127:4,7

128:14 132:16,20

132:21,22 133:4

135:20,21 136:4

189:15,16 248:16

vehicle-emission

124:20 126:18

127:3,12

vehicle-emissions

25:17 132:2 133:9

vehicle-inspection

26:10 133:13

134:5,11,20 135:3

135:7,11,17 136:9

venue 262:20

version 6:3,7

versus 95:12

Vice 48:10 259:11

Victoria 202:17

213:1,4,5,9

victory 195:7

video 204:4

view 3:12 15:15

84:15 85:22 95:8

108:18 158:1

219:6

viewpoint 237:21

viewpoints 142:19

views 234:13

vignette 191:5

Vigorous 22:9

vigorously 181:4

violated 156:20

violations 167:12

167:13 205:22

violence 40:22,22

Virginia 25:11

visible 128:4

182:12

visit 91:19

Visiting 179:10

visits 19:6 68:18

74:13 231:21,22

235:12 243:10

245:6 269:22

271:12,13

Vista 184:4

vital 27:7 128:10

234:4 260:11

vitality 228:6

vocal 138:1

voice 18:1 211:2

voices 91:10 97:14

150:11,21

volatile 126:6

volume 271:1

volumes 210:2

237:16

voluntarily 129:22

volunteer 29:15

120:15 250:20,21

251:4 252:9 253:7

256:11

vote 196:21 232:4

Voters 193:8 251:7

vulnerability 80:18

vulnerable 21:3

59:15 60:22 74:9

78:4,11,14 80:13

121:7 123:8

165:17 168:6

188:10 232:12

270:15 271:3

272:17 279:14

V-a-n-c-e 104:3

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wages 48:22

wait 205:9 274:5

waiting 118:6

183:19 213:7

236:21 241:12

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141:1 143:12

144:17 188:2,3

213:22 237:2

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213:18 214:3

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Wallace 186:21

192:10,12,12

Walnut 92:19

Wang 267:18,19

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56:5,13 72:4

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192:18 203:17

207:12,14 208:4

212:15 215:3

217:16 225:5,6

226:4 232:13,16

240:10,12 250:4

258:17 273:3,9

276:15,20 277:16

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wanted 2:15 50:10

68:4 69:6 151:18

164:1 196:2

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wants 7:15 41:13

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Washington 49:15

wasn't 201:8 240:2

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Watchdog 202:22

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94:7 128:19 130:2

138:9 139:16

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193:9 201:22

203:22 204:7

215:22 228:22

229:5 230:1 256:9

256:13 275:2,2

280:15 281:13

ways 211:11 228:9

weak 16:6 17:3

71:11 182:8

wealthier 97:9

weapon 144:1

website 197:13

Webster 192:11,21

197:17,18

week 112:5 140:1

210:12,13

weeks 77:19 161:20

Wegman 1:17 2:3

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10:1,7,13,16 11:1

11:3,6,12 12:1,6

12:17 17:9,13

22:16 23:2,14,17

24:1,7 28:20 35:1

35:7,9,17 39:6

42:5,8,11,17,21

43:2,11 47:14

48:4 53:10,21

54:3,6,8,12,22

55:3 56:4,8,16

57:10,14 62:14,21

67:8 72:21 77:4

77:21 82:16 83:7

83:11 86:4 91:6

93:13 94:2,20

98:18 102:10

103:22 105:7,13

106:21 108:6

112:3 113:1,7,12

116:18,22 120:10

124:9 130:20

131:10,16 136:15

142:12 148:18

153:5 157:22

158:5,8,11 162:8

162:11,15,18

164:9,17 165:4

170:5 176:2,16

177:1,6 182:17

183:1,4,8,11,17

186:17 188:22

189:5 192:7,14,17

192:20 197:5,7,12

197:15 202:2,14

209:11 212:15

214:20 216:21

217:6 223:2,7,9

223:21 225:11

227:3,10 232:22

233:6 236:5,11,14

236:18,20 239:7

239:18 241:2,5,11

245:15 250:3,14

254:8 256:18

258:7,13 259:2,8

262:13,14 264:12

265:22 266:3

267:2,9,14 273:1

273:12,15,18

274:5 277:12,14

278:2,13,16 283:4

weighed 163:3

weighing 163:17

weight 9:4 66:20

87:11 281:5

weighted 9:2

weighting 10:17

welcome 42:10

48:11 105:12

241:4 267:10

welfare-based 3:11

4:14 114:5 177:20

well-constructed

18:6

went 31:12 39:10

103:1 109:17

155:7 184:14

194:20

weren't 227:6

255:2

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98:8 104:5 105:19

105:22 106:1

107:2,10 108:13

108:17 109:1

110:9 111:14

117:15

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36:1 57:8 77:6

86:6 105:15 117:3

136:18 158:14,16

164:12,20 178:22

186:21 192:11

197:8,16 212:21

217:4 227:17

239:18 249:19

250:11 258:9,14

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36:4 48:12 49:6

56:5,15,17,18,19

62:15 73:4 77:7

86:11 87:2 93:18

101:22 111:10

112:10 119:6

137:10 138:14

169:9,16 171:6

172:10,12,15

176:13 178:2

184:22 196:18,19

200:9 204:3 205:4

206:3 207:17

208:11,15 212:1

217:1 219:13

224:11,13,16

225:5 226:8,12

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241:13 254:20

255:14 259:14,19

260:21 261:2,10

277:7,19 279:6

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172:11 198:6

199:2 237:16

260:9 261:18

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139:11 152:21

188:6,13

white 70:11 81:11

95:13 123:18

202:19,21

wide 52:17 63:20

204:3

widely 180:21

wider 252:12

274:21

widespread 53:5

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willingness 242:20

wind 223:3 265:5

wind-development

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wireless 127:1

wirelessly 127:5

wisdom 221:19

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wish 201:22 226:14

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woman 193:21

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wondering 141:6

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workforce 119:5

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WSPA 45:12 46:6

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W-a-n-g 267:20

W-a-t-s-o-n 39:8

W-e-b-s-t-e-r

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W-h-i 202:21

W-i-l-l-i-a-m-s

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162:18 183:1

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year 2:18 4:21

11:15,17 19:13

50:15,19 51:14

57:8 65:21 69:19

70:2,11,13 87:14

107:4 119:18

120:1 125:17

143:4 154:12

156:5,11,13,15

159:2 172:8,12

187:14 200:13

208:11 210:10,10

225:7 256:13

years 11:16 29:17

29:18 39:10 40:5

40:12 41:8 44:9

51:8 58:12 61:11

66:2 72:16 76:1

82:3 92:18 99:5

104:4 106:6

109:17,21 110:18

126:10 128:1

132:2,19 134:12

135:5 137:7,8,20

142:20 148:2,7

156:9 159:2 160:8

161:3 166:10

168:21 171:3,14

172:10 179:14

180:11 181:13

184:16 185:21,21

189:12 198:6

205:21 226:1

253:9 254:13

255:10 257:6

261:11 262:3

271:22,22 275:17

279:3,12

yellow 7:5,8 178:11

180:4,6

York 25:10 28:3

154:22 254:16

Yosemite 99:5,10

young 40:14 54:16

54:18 59:7 76:16

91:17 92:10

143:19 148:22

156:2 158:14

160:8 162:14,17

162:19,19 164:16

207:9 211:1 230:3

232:11 255:2

276:18

youngest 77:19

Y-o-u-n-g 162:20

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zero 147:1 178:11

zip 80:19 81:1,3,6

81:10,18 92:13,14

$

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$1,000 156:14

$13.3 119:18

$170 70:2

$3 156:13

$37 194:5

$480 115:15

$6 57:7

$6.2 168:8

$763 69:18

$8 119:20

$88 115:13

0

0 106:4

0.06 84:22 270:20

272:13

0.06-ppm 14:5,13

0.060 270:11

0.075 64:16

04 13:21,22 14:2

06 14:2 87:8

06-ppm 15:18

060 4:9 151:20

152:7,16 153:3

176:9 177:15

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10 14:8 15:2 29:18

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109:21 155:8

172:7 246:20

10Ks 116:9

10,000 160:7

10-percent 182:2

101 122:12 156:21

171:5

104 155:11

11 110:20

11-year-old 153:15

11:06 93:22

11:27 94:1

110 125:14

112 271:12

12 8:13,14 9:6

13:21 36:18 48:17

123:14 125:2

226:1 261:17

12-hour 9:7

12.4 246:21

12:47 177:4

126 51:16

13 230:14 232:11

130 200:3

14 41:7 84:5 106:4

123:3 271:11

140,000 115:16

145 181:10

15 4:17 92:18 135:5

156:8 158:4 172:7

177:22

15th 243:21

15,000 48:20 242:7

247:2

15-minute 86:7

93:19 258:9

15-percent 14:19

150,000 184:7

16 104:3

16,000 246:2

1600 245:5

163 44:20

17 123:14

1700 31:14 89:2

234:2

18 40:5,12 61:11
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1900 245:4

1958 179:18

1970 44:18 165:11

1974 274:17

1980 51:15

1980s 140:7

1990 171:17 261:8

1990s 134:4

1994 24:18

1997 166:9,15

2

2 14:8 15:3 52:11

52:15 53:7,16,20

2.5 155:20

2.8 14:5

2:10 177:5

20 44:9 109:17

114:21 132:2,19

216:2 225:8

271:22,22

20-some 253:9

20-year 111:10

113:4

200 102:2,3

200,000 122:18

2000 81:5,11 260:9

2001 149:13 156:19

2002 13:15,20

157:4

2003 157:7

2004 59:3 79:18

200:3

2005 58:14 65:7

69:19 123:1

167:15

2006 13:15 14:1

15:19 60:12 84:20

119:15

2007 15:14 83:13

84:5,5 115:5,11

156:17 199:5,17

242:21 243:14

2007-2008 85:19

2008 2:13 4:11 13:3

13:7,16 16:20

32:8 44:18 46:5

49:13 51:15 58:20

60:16 64:7,15

65:4 165:20 168:7

170:3 177:13

250:6 269:5

2010 1:12 129:17

2014 129:20

2020 261:8

2023 166:14

2024 167:2 205:5

2031 129:20 168:17

21 45:7 46:9 47:10

168:21 247:21

248:21

21-ozone 122:11

22nd 5:3 175:20

182:21 183:2

273:7

23 31:5 123:16

24 56:12 166:14

194:6

24-hour 99:11,14

24-weeks 163:4

25 29:16 142:20

199:6,9,16 275:16

26 184:6

2600 245:4

27 43:16

28 148:7

29 51:18

29-year-old 29:21

29-year-olds 30:2

3

3 119:20

3,400 120:1

3.5 245:4

3:40 258:11

30 9:7,8 14:9 15:3

123:5 126:10

128:1 230:14,16

232:11

30,000 268:3

30-year 190:5

238:1

300 48:15 147:16

300-pound 104:21

309 262:22 264:4

265:16

31 184:17 268:4

31st 4:20 129:17

32 122:14

34 51:19

35 51:8

350 171:8

37 189:12

38,000 247:1

4

4 1:12

4:04 258:12

4:12 267:7

40 1:9 70:15 137:7

137:7,20 157:15

195:15 255:10

40,000 28:8

400 99:21

42,000 50:14

43-percent 155:16

450 99:22

4900 1:14

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5 116:9

50 1:9 99:18 115:15

125:15 171:3,14

171:17 194:17

195:12 196:14

274:20 275:20

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50,000 28:4 122:19

50-gallon 160:15

50-percent 134:5

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51 22:4 166:4

54 51:21

55 59:22

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6 185:18 199:9

6,000 247:1

6.6 14:3

6:22 267:8

6:28 273:22

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6:41 283:7

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33:13 37:8 44:18

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192:5 201:5 212:2

212:13 214:10

215:4 217:18

239:5 240:22

242:5 243:3 244:1

244:15 245:1,12

254:6 268:5

275:20 276:1

281:21

60-part 124:6

60-parts 138:22

159:6

60-parts-per 72:19

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60-parts-per-billi...

39:5 72:3 76:7

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60-part-per 59:8

600 259:16

600,000 260:9

61 60:14

63 110:17

650 45:21

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158:3 177:22

7,000 171:6 247:2

7:30 7:16 283:8,11

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70 20:12 23:9 58:16

59:5 61:17 62:12

65:2,9 66:5 76:5

126:1 176:4 203:4

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70s 255:6,8

700 268:1

700,000 113:18

73 193:10

75 18:10 20:2,7

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81:11 114:15

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76 193:11

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8 163:4 199:8

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800,000 156:6

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9 3:4 193:8 266:6

266:17

9:39 2:2

90 138:11

91 51:17

911 39:19

94519 92:19

94607 103:15

94608 81:3,8,13
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