# Patent

## Title
Indicia-reading module with an integrated flexible circuit

## Abstract

An indicia-reading module suitable for integration within a host mobile computing device that has an integrated flexible circuit is disclosed. The indicia-reading module includes a plurality of subassemblies, each supported and electrically connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB). A unitary flexible circuit electrically connects the subassemblies and is physically integrated between two inner layers of each subassembly's discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board. The use of the integrated flexible circuit aids in reducing module size, signal loss, and interference with the host mobile computing device.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of indicia readers and, more specifically, to a flexible circuit in the indicia-reading module for electrically connecting the module's subassemblies and facilitating integration with a mobile computing device.
BACKGROUND
Generally speaking, indicia readers (e.g., barcode scanners) are electronic devices for recognizing and decoding printed indicia (e.g., barcodes). Imaging indicia readers include a group of lenses (i.e., lens group) for focusing a real image of a target (e.g., barcode) onto an image sensor (e.g., CCD), that converts the real image into a digital signal. In a typical scanning scenario, the image sensor captures a digital image of a barcode, and a processor running algorithms detects and decodes the barcode from the image. The decoded information form this barcode is conveyed to a host device (e.g., mobile computing device).
Most mobile computing devices (e.g., smart-phones) have general-purpose cameras that can be used for indicia reading. As a result, numerous applications towards this purpose have been developed. While these applications perform reasonably well for the casual user, they lack the features, functions, and performance associated with dedicated imaging indicia readers. Illumination, alignment, and image quality may all suffer when using a mobile computing device's general purpose camera for barcode scanning.
Because most users want to carry only one mobile computing device (i.e., MCD), they will be reluctant to trade their mobile device for a dedicated indicia reader. A need, therefore, exists for a dedicated imaging indicia-reading module integrated within a hand-held MCD.
Integration of the indicia-reading module within a host MCD places severe limitations on the module's design. Unique design approaches and construction methods must be combined to allow for such novel integration. For example, reducing size often necessitates splitting a circuit board into a plurality of circuit boards positioned to best fit within a small module housing. Interconnection between these boards is necessary but often bulky due to the connectors required. A need therefore, exists for a board interconnection scheme to allow for the size reduction of an indicia-reading module without sacrificing performance.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, the present invention embraces an indicia-reading module integrated within a mobile computing device (MCD). The indicia-reading module includes a plurality of discrete subassemblies to perform the functions necessary for indicia reading and/or optical character recognition (OCR). The subassemblies are interconnected via a unitary flexible circuit (i.e., flex circuit), physically integrated with and electrical connect to each subassembly. The bendability of the flex circuit allows the subassemblies to be positioned in a module housing at angles with respect to one another. The electrical connection of each subassembly directly to the flex circuit eliminates the need for connectors.
In an exemplary embodiment, the module housing supports and contains five subassemblies: (i) an imaging subassembly for creating a digital image of a target (e.g., barcode), (ii) an aiming subassembly for creating a visible aligning pattern on the target to facilitate the alignment of the target's image (iii) an illuminating subassembly for highlighting a target to brighten the target's image, (iv) an interface subassembly for facilitating communication between the indicia-reading module and a host mobile computing device, and (v) a processing subassembly for recognizing and decoding information within the target's image. Each subassembly is supported and electrically connected by its own discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB). A circuit of conductive traces on a flexible substrate (i.e., flex circuit) electrically connects the subassemblies. This flex circuit is physically integrated between two inner layers of each subassembly's PCB.
In another exemplary embodiment, the module housing supports and contains three subassemblies: (i) an imaging subassembly for creating a digital image of a target (e.g., barcode), (ii) an aiming subassembly for creating a visible aligning pattern on the target to facilitate the alignment of the target's image, and (iii) an illuminating subassembly for highlighting a target to brighten the target's image. Each subassembly is supported and electrically connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB). A circuit of conductive traces on a flexible substrate (i.e., flex circuit) electrically connects the subassemblies. This flex circuit is physically integrated between two inner layers of each subassembly's PCB. The flex circuit, in this embodiment, is extended out from the module housing and terminated in a discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB. The printed circuit board at the terminus of this extension supports and electrically connects an interface submodule. The interface submodule facilitates communication between the indicia-reading module and a host mobile computing device.
The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 graphically depicts a cross section of a rigid-flex circuit.
FIG. 2 graphically depicts a rigid-flex circuit with discrete, rigid, multilayer printed circuit boards interconnected by a flex circuit.
FIG. 3a graphically depicts the rigid printed circuit boards and flex circuit of an exemplary embodiment of a decoded output indicia-reading module.
FIG. 3b graphically depicts an exemplary decoded-output indicia-reading module.
FIG. 4a graphically depicts the rigid printed circuit boards and flex circuit of an exemplary embodiment of a non-decoded output indicia-reading module.
FIG. 4b graphically depicts an exemplary non-decoded output indicia-reading module.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention embraces an indicia-reading module integrated with a host mobile computing device (MCD). The indicia-reading module includes a plurality of interconnected subassemblies to perform the necessary functions for indicia reading and/or optical character recognition (OCR). Each subassembly is supported and electrically connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB). A flexible circuit, physically integrated between two inner layers of each subassembly's multilayer printed-circuit-board, electrically connects the subassemblies and allows the subassemblies to be positioned in a small module housing that supports and positions most, if not all, of the subassemblies. The indicia-reading module is electrically connected to the host MCD system and physically integrated within the host MCD's body in such a way as to allow for convenient imaging of an indicium (e.g., barcode).
The indicia-reading module's imaging subassembly includes a lens, or group of lenses, for forming a real image of a target (e.g., barcode) on an image sensor. Optical filters may be also be used before the image sensor to eliminate stray light or otherwise improve the image quality. The image sensor is a multi-pixel image sensor (e.g., a CCD or a CMOS sensor) that is capable of rendering a digital image of a target. The digital image may be color or monochrome depending on the application. The size of the image sensor and/or the number of pixels may vary and are typically chosen based on the resolution and field of view requirements. The physical size of the imaging subassembly may be reduced by employing chip or board (COB) technology, to affix and connect an image sensor integrated circuit (IC) to a printed circuit board (PCB). In this way, the customary IC package of the image sensor can be eliminated and the optical loss and subassembly size associated with this IC package can be eliminated.
The indicia-reading module's illuminating subassembly includes an illuminating light source (e.g., LED) and a projection lens. The illuminating light source generates light to highlight a target for imaging in much the same way that a flash illuminates a subject for imaging in traditional photography. The wavelength of the illuminating light source is selected to correspond to the image sensor's sensitivity, which may or may not be in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The illumination light source may be a broadband light source to cover the entire visible spectrum or a specific narrow-band source, such as red, to optimize a particular image sensor's performance. The light source is of sufficient optical intensity to allow the image sensor to image the target with a short exposure time (e.g., less than a millisecond). The intensity profile of the illuminating light on the target is uniform over the imaging subassembly's field of view. This homogeneity insures that there are no especially bright or dark areas in the digital image. An aperture may also be used between the illuminating light source and the projection lens to limit the extent of the projected light. The electrical components of the illuminating subassembly are supported and connected by a discrete, rigid printed circuit board (PCB) with metallic (e.g., copper) traces etched into a metal cladded board substrate. To keep the PCB small, multiple layers are typically used. Traces on different layers of a multilayer PCB are connected with plated through holes or pins called vias that run through the layers substrate material and connect a trace on one layer to a trace on another.
The indicia-reading module's aiming subassembly includes an aiming light source. The aiming light source may be a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD). When an LED is used, the light from the LED illuminates an aperture shaped to display information about the imaging subassembly's field of view. This information may include the edges and/or the center of the field of view. The shape of the aperture, therefore, may be a line, a box, a crosshair, or any other shape to convey this information. A projection lens projects an image of the aperture onto the target. To read an indicia, an operator visually aligns this visual aligning pattern with a target (e.g., a barcode). When aligned, the user is sure that the image of the target will be aligned and centered within the frame of the digital image. This alignment helps the decoding of the indicia. Besides alignment and positioning, this visual aligning pattern can help the user know the proper distance between the module and the indicium. This can be visually interpreted through the focus of the aligning pattern. When the target is at the proper distance from the indicia-reading module, the visual aligning pattern will be in sharp focus. The electrical components for the illuminating subassembly are supported and connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB.
An aiming subassembly using a laser diode (LD) operates in much the same way as an LED aiming subassembly, however the components used to create the visual aligning pattern are different. When an LD is used as the aiming light source, a diffractive optical element (DOE) may be used to generate the visual aligning pattern and to focus the pattern onto the target. In this way, the DOE may replace both the aperture and the projection lens used in the LED aimer. A collimating lens can be used between the LD and the DOE to expand the laser beam and diffract properly from the DOE. The LD aiming subassembly is capable of generating a very bright aligning pattern and is especially good for long range scanning. The electrical components for the aiming subassembly are supported and connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB.
Indicia-reading modules may vary in their level of processing. One module embodiment may convey the information of a decoded indicium, while another embodiment may return a digital image suitable for decoding by a host MCD. Indicia-reading modules that decode indicia are known as decoded output indicia-reading modules (i.e., decoded modules). These modules have a processing subassembly with a processor IC for running algorithms to recognize and decode information within the digital image. Indicia-reading modules that do not decode indicia but rather rely on the processing power of the host device for this function are known non-decoded output indicia-reading modules (i.e., non-decoded modules). These modules do not have a processing subassembly. Both modules have an interface subassembly or submodule that communicates with the host MDC, however the requirements for the interface circuitry in each type are different. Non-decoded modules send large amounts of data compared to the decoded modules. As a result, non-decoded modules may have more data lines for carrying high frequency (HF) signals and added components for filtering and conditioning the HF signals. Further, the physical position of the interface PCB may be different for each module. For example, the non-decoded module may have its interface PCB located outside the module housing and close to the connection point on the host device. One reason for this is to insure that any signal filtering or conditioning happens just before reaching the host MCD's interface. Since the decoded output module transmits lower data rate signals at its interface, it may not require this filtering or conditioning and as a result, its interface PCB may be positioned inside the module housing.
The decoded output indicia-reading module (i.e., decoded module) includes a processing subassembly for recognizing and decoding information within the target's image. A processor integrated circuit (IC) in this subassembly runs image processing algorithms to examine a target's digital image and return decoded information. The processor IC may also communicate and control other subassemblies. The electrical components, including the processor IC, for the processing subassembly are supported and connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB.
The module housing for the non-decoded module is different from the decoded module housing since the non-decoded module has no processing subassembly and since its interface PCB is located at the connection point of the host MCD. The non-decoded module housing supports and positions the imaging, illuminating, and aiming subassemblies, which are affixed to the housing (e.g., snap-fit). The non-decoded module housing size is less than 2 cubic centimeters (e.g., 19.8×6.8×11 millimeters). The housing may be made from an injection molded plastic and may be thermally conductive or clear (e.g., polycarbonate) based on the requirements of the indicia-reading module.
The module housing for the decoded module contains the imaging, illuminating, aiming, processing, and interface subassemblies. The subassemblies are supported and positioned by the housing in a way to save space. The decoded module housing is less than 2 cubic centimeters (e.g., 18×7×12 millimeters). The housing may be made from injection molded plastic and may be thermally conductive or clear based on other requirements of the indicia-reading module. For example, in some applications the housing may be used as a thermal heat sink while in others optical lenses may be incorporated within the housing to aid in illumination, aiming, or imaging.
The electrical interconnection between printed circuit boards is typically achieved by interconnecting board connectors with a discrete cable that has connectors on each end to mate with the board connectors. This approach takes valuable board space for the board connectors, and the discrete connecting cable may be bulky and prone to unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI). The board connectors may be lossy, especially for high speed signals and the interconnections may affect reliability. To overcome these problems, a printed circuit technology known as rigid-flex may be employed. Rigid-flex circuits use a flexible substrate circuit (i.e., flex circuit) laminated between two inner layers of a discrete rigid multilayer PCB.
An exemplary rigid-flex circuit, is shown in FIG. 1. In this figure, two discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB's 3 are connected by a common flex circuit 2. The flex circuit 2 is electrically connected to and physically integrated between two inner layers (e.g., the middle two layers) of the rigid multilayer PCB's 3. The flex circuit 2 may, itself, be a multilayered board, such as the two layer flex circuit 2 shown in FIG. 1. The substrate of the flex circuit 2 is a pliable material (e.g., polyimide) 24, while the substrate material of the discrete PCB's is a rigid material (e.g., FR4) 25. The layers are laminated together with adhesive, each layer having a conductive cladding (e.g., copper) 26 for circuitry, shielding, and/or thermal management (e.g., heat sinking). Connections to/from the flex circuit 2 are made using traces and vias 27 (e.g., copper plated through hole).
Another exemplary rigid-flex circuit is shown in FIG. 2. In this figure, a unitary flex circuit 2 electrically connects four discrete, rigid, multilayer printed circuit boards 3. The flex circuit 2 is laminated between two inner layers of each multilayer PCB 3. The components and traces on the rigid PCB's are electrically connected to the flex circuit through traces and vias. The flex circuit 2 eliminates the board connectors and the discrete interface cable. In addition, the pliability of the flex circuit 2 allows the individual boards 3 to be mounted to the module housing at angles with respect to each other or folded one over the other to reduce the module's overall volume. Also, the flex circuit 2 may facilitate the alignment of a rigid PCB for some function (e.g., illumination). The flex circuit 2 may, itself, be multilayered and may include a layer of solid copper (i.e., plane layer) to provide EMI shielding and/or to conduct and dissipate heat for thermal management.
The rigid printed circuit boards and flex circuit of an exemplary embodiment of an unassembled decoded output indicia-reading module are shown in FIG. 3a. The assembled decoded output indicia-reading module is shown in FIG. 3b. In this embodiment, the processing subassembly's PCB 4 forms the lower most PCB. The imaging subassembly's PCB 5 is positioned so that the image sensor is at 90 degrees relative to the processing subassembly's board and faces the target during scanning. The interface subassembly's board 6 is positioned above the processing subassembly's board 4. The illumination and aiming subassemblies in are mounted onto one PCB 7 and folded so that their projections are towards the target. The four PCB's are held and positioned by the decoded module housing 8. A board connector 9 is located on the interface module to connect to a cable from the host MCD.
The rigid printed circuit boards and flex circuit of an exemplary embodiment of an unassembled non-decoded output indicia-reading module is shown in FIG. 4a, while the assembled decoded output indicia-reading module (without the housing shown for clarity) is depicted in FIG. 4b. In this embodiment, the imaging subassembly's PCB 11 is tilted 90 degrees with respect to the interface submodule's PCB 12 in order to point at the target. The interface submodule is located at the end of an extended section of the flex circuit 13, which forms the interface cable between the indicia-reading module and the host MCD. The interface submodule may contain circuitry and components to (i) perform data conversion (e.g., converting a parallel data interface to MIPI compliant interface and vice versa), (ii) signal level translation (e.g., adjusting the input/output signal level of the indicia-reading module to match the input/output signal level of the host mobile computing device's data bus), and/or (iii) signal conditioning (e.g., filtering for suppression of electromagnetic interference). The interface submodule may also have components and circuitry to facilitate power management, power regulation, decoupling, and impedance matching. The illumination subassembly 14 and the aiming subassembly 15 are on two different PCB's that are positioned and held by the housing on either side of the imaging subassembly 11. A module housing holds the folded assemblies in place. Heat may be used during assembly to help set the folds in the flex circuit.
In summary, the imaging indicia-reading module for barcode reading, document capture, and/or optical character recognition may make use of rigid-flex circuit technology. This approach offers (i) decreased module size for better integration with a host MCD, (ii) reduction of signal loss (e.g., loss associated with high speed signals), and (iii) enhanced electromagnetic compatibility with the host MCD by reducing the unwanted effects of electromagnetic interference (EMI).
* * *
To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:

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* * *
In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.

## Claims

1. An indicia-reading module integrated within a host mobile computing device (MCD), comprising:
a plurality of subassemblies, each subassembly supported and connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB);
a module housing configured to support and contain the subassemblies;
a flex-circuit including conductive traces on a flexible substrate, wherein the flex-circuit is electrically connected to and physically integrated between two inner layers of each subassembly's multilayer printed-circuit-board to (i) electrically interconnect the subassemblies, (ii) facilitate positioning of each subassembly within the module housing, (iii) provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and (iv) conduct and dissipate heat; and
an interface to facilitate communication with the host mobile computing device, the interface comprising circuitry and components that are supported and electrically connected by a discrete, rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB), wherein (i) the interface is positioned outside of the module housing and (ii) the flex-circuit is electrically connected to and physically integrated between two inner layers of the interface's discrete, rigid, multilayer PCB.

2. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the module housing has a volume of less than 2 cubic centimeters.

3. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of subassemblies comprises:
(i) an imaging subassembly configured to capture a digital image of a target;
(ii) an aiming subassembly configured to project a visible aligning pattern on the target to facilitate the alignment of the target's image; and
(iii) an illuminating subassembly configured to project light onto the target to brighten the target's image.

4. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the interface includes a converter integrated circuit (IC) configured to convert a parallel data signal into a MIPI compliant signal.

5. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the interface includes a level-shifter integrated circuit (IC) configured to adjust the input/output (I/O) signal level of the indicia-reading module to match the I/O signal level of the host mobile computing device.

6. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the interface includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter configured to suppress electromagnetic interference.

7. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of subassemblies comprises (i) an imaging subassembly configured to capture a digital image of a target, (ii) an aiming subassembly configured to project a visible aligning pattern on the target to facilitate the alignment of the target's image, (iii) an illuminating subassembly configured to project light onto a target to brighten the target's image, and (iv) a processing subassembly configured to decode indicia information within the target's image.

8. The indicia-reading module according to claim 1, wherein the interface includes an output connector to facilitate connection with a host mobile computing device via a discrete cable, the output connector being mounted to the interface'discrete, rigid, multi-layer printed-circuit-board.

9. An indicia-reading module integrated within a host mobile computing device (MCD), comprising:
an imaging subassembly configured to capture a digital image of a target, the imaging subassembly supported and connected by a first rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB) and positioned within a module housing;
an aiming subassembly configured to project a visible aligning pattern on the target to facilitate the alignment of the target's image, the aiming subassembly supported and connected by a second rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB) and positioned within the module housing;
an illuminating subassembly configured to project light onto a target to brighten the target's image, the illuminating subassembly supported and connected by a third rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB) and positioned within the module housing;
an interface comprising circuitry and components configured to provide communication between the indicia-reading module and the host mobile computing device, the interface connected by a fourth rigid, multilayer printed-circuit-board (PCB) and positioned outside the module housing; and
a flex-circuit including conductive traces on a flexible substrate, wherein (i) the flex-circuit is electrically connected to and physically integrated between two inner layers of the imaging subassembly, the aiming subassembly, the illuminating subassembly, and the interface, respectively, and (ii) the flex-circuit is folded to facilitate the positioning of the imaging subassembly, the aiming subassembly, and the illuminating subassembly within the module housing.

10. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein imaging subassembly, the aiming subassembly, the illuminating subassembly, and the interface are spaced apart from one another.

11. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein the module housing has a volume of less than 2 cubic centimeters.

12. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein the interface includes a converter integrated circuit (IC) configured to convert a parallel data signal into a MIPI compliant signal.

13. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein the interface includes a level-shifter integrated circuit (IC) configured to adjust the input/output (I/O) signal level of the indicia-reading module to match the I/O signal level of the host mobile computing device.

14. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein the interface includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter configured to suppress electromagnetic interference.

15. The indicia-reading module according to claim 9, wherein the the imaging subassembly, the aiming subassembly, and the illuminating subassembly are positioned within and secured to the module housing using snap fittings.