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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION ONE

DULA KICIN, ) No. 81849-0-I

)

 Respondent, )

)

 v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION

)

PEACEHEALTH, )

)

 Appellant. ) 

BOWMAN, J. — A jury determined that the Board of Industrial Insurance 

Appeals erroneously denied Dula Kicin’s worker compensation benefits for a 

work-related injury. Self-insured employer PeaceHealth Southwest Medical 

Center appeals the verdict, arguing that substantial evidence does not support 

the jury’s finding that Kicin sustained an industrial injury. We affirm.

FACTS

From 2006 to 2016, Kicin worked as a housekeeper for PeaceHealth. On 

December 29, 2015, Kicin was cleaning hospital rooms after patients were 

discharged. A high demand for rooms required Kicin to “work quickly” so the 

hospital could move in new patients already admitted. While mopping hurriedly 

under a bed, Kicin twisted her body and immediately felt pain. She described it 

as “a sharp pain in my neck and my shoulder and down my arm a strong pain. 
No. 81849-0-I/2

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And my fingers were tingling and numb.” Kicin said she “felt a sharp pain as if 

something was broken or cracked. It was very — a very sharp pain.”

Kicin did not immediately report the injury. Instead, she took some pain 

medication and a short break before returning to complete the last two hours of

her shift. At the end of her workday, Kicin was in too much discomfort to drive 

home and asked coworker Semira Zolota to drive her. Zolota urged Kicin to 

report the injury but Kicin was too scared she would lose her job. 

Kicin had a history of medical treatment for pain in her left arm, shoulder,

and leg. She at times experienced pain in those areas for at least two years 

before the incident at PeaceHealth. Kicin managed the pain mostly with 

medication and physical therapy. She “cope[d]” with the pain until the December 

29, 2015 incident, after which she “couldn’t take it any more.” A few weeks 

before the work injury, a December 11, 2015 X-ray revealed a “basically normal”

left shoulder and degenerative disc disease in her cervical spine. A follow-up

MRI1 on January 26, 2016 showed “a significant issue or problem” with a 

herniated disc that was “moderately to severely deforming [Kicin’s] spinal cord.” 

Kicin stopped working on February 12, 2016.

On February 15, 2016, neurosurgeon Dr. Hoang Le examined Kicin and 

ordered “urgent” neck fusion surgery based on the MRI results. Dr. Le believed 

Kicin faced spinal cord damage without immediate surgery. Kicin did not tell Dr. 

Le about the incident at PeaceHealth. Kicin had neck surgery on February 19, 

2016.

2

 

 

1 Magnetic resonance imaging. 

2 Dr. Le performed a second surgery on December 14, 2016.
No. 81849-0-I/3

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Zolota visited Kicin at her home while she recovered from surgery and

again urged Kicin to report the injury to the Department of Labor and Industries

(Department). Kicin agreed and Zolota drove her to the claims office on March 7, 

2016, where she completed an application for benefits. Because Kicin is not a 

native English speaker, Zolota used a translation feature on her phone to help 

explain the work injury on the “Self Insurer Accident Report” form.

The Department denied Kicin’s claim because her “condition pre-existed 

the alleged injury and is not related thereto.” Kicin appealed the Department’s 

denial of benefits. The Department affirmed the order rejecting Kicin’s claim. 

Kicin then appealed the Department’s decision to the Board of Industrial 

Insurance Appeals (Board). Following an evidentiary hearing, an industrial 

appeals judge (IAJ) issued a “Proposed Decision and Order” affirming the 

Department’s order denying Kicin’s claim. Kicin petitioned for review of the IAJ’s 

decision and the Board accepted review.

The Board considered the evidentiary hearing testimony of Kicin and 

Zolota as well as deposition testimony from three medical experts. Dr. Thomas 

Gritzka, a trained orthopedic surgeon practicing as an occupational orthopedist,

testified on behalf of Kicin. He described his medical examination of Kicin and 

concluded that the December 29, 2015 work injury aggravated or worsened

Kicin’s preexisting degenerative disc disease. He reasoned that Kicin 

experienced an “abrupt change in her symptoms” after the PeaceHealth incident 

“with increasing neck pain and more upper extremity pain.” 
No. 81849-0-I/4

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PeaceHealth’s experts testified that Kicin’s preexisting condition was not 

worsened by the December 2015 incident. Dr. R. David Bauer, an orthopedic 

surgeon subspecializing in spine surgery, testified that there was “no discreet 

injury” because

the activities that [Kicin] described are things that are capable of —

I’m sorry, are things like we would do in ordinary life. They’re not 

things that are specific to her job. They are things that would make 

her condition feel worse, but would not worsen the condition. What 

I mean by that is the activities that she was doing at work are not 

likely to worsen the arthritis or worsen the compression on her 

spinal cord, but as we’re more active, she was going to feel them 

more. She would do those same activities at home and be feeling 

the pain the same way.

Similarly, orthopedic surgeon Dr. Aleksandar Curcin testified that “the 

mechanism of injury that’s being described is inconsistent with causing 

degenerative disc disease or causing a disc herniation.” Both Dr. Bauer and Dr. 

Curcin testified that Kicin would have suffered the same injury regardless of the 

PeaceHealth incident in December 2015.

The Board found that Kicin did not sustain an industrial injury. The Board 

issued an order denying Kicin’s petition for review and affirming the Department’s 

Proposed Decision and Order as “the final order of the Board.” Kicin appealed to 

the superior court and the case proceeded to a jury trial. The jury determined the 

Board erred in concluding that Kicin had not sustained an industrial injury that 

aggravated her preexisting neck condition. The superior court entered judgment 

in favor of Kicin and ordered the Department to accept her claim for benefits. 

The court awarded Kicin attorney fees, costs, expert witness fees, and statutory 

interest on “back time loss benefits.” PeaceHealth appeals.
No. 81849-0-I/5

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ANALYSIS

Substantial Evidence

PeaceHealth argues that insufficient evidence supports the jury’s finding 

that Kicin sustained an industrial injury by work activities on December 29, 2015. 

We disagree.

The trial court’s review of a Board decision is de novo, based solely on the 

evidence and testimony presented to the Board. Stelter v. Dep’t of Labor & 

Indus., 147 Wn.2d 702, 707, 57 P.3d 248 (2002). The Board’s decision “is prima 

facie correct . . . , and a party attacking the decision must support its challenge 

by a preponderance of the evidence.” RCW 51.52.115; Ruse v. Dep’t of Labor & 

Indus., 138 Wn.2d 1, 5, 977 P.2d 570 (1999). Either party is entitled to a trial by 

jury to resolve factual disputes. RCW 51.52.115. And “ ‘[t]he trier of the fact, be 

it court or jury, is at liberty to disregard [the] board findings and decision if, 

notwithstanding the presence of substantial evidence, it is of the opinion that 

other substantial evidence is more persuasive.’ ” City of Bellevue v. Raum, 171 

Wn. App. 124, 139, 286 P.3d 695 (2012) (quoting Gaines v. Dep’t of Labor & 

Indus., 1 Wn. App. 547, 550, 463 P.2d 269 (1969)).

On appeal, we review “the judgment of the superior court as in other civil 

cases,” not the Board’s order. RCW 51.52.140. Our review “ ‘is limited to 

examination of the [superior court] record to see whether substantial evidence 

supports’ ” the jury’s verdict. Ruse, 138 Wn.2d at 5-6 (quoting Young v. Dep’t of 

Labor & Indus., 81 Wn. App. 123, 128, 913 P.2d 402 (1996)). Substantial 

evidence is evidence sufficient to persuade a fair-minded, rational person of the 
No. 81849-0-I/6

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truth of the matter asserted. Ferencak v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 142 Wn. App. 

713, 719-20, 175 P.3d 1109 (2008), aff’d on other grounds by Kustura v. Dep’t of 

Labor & Indus., 169 Wn.2d 81, 233 P3d 853 (2010). We consider the record in 

the light most favorable to the party who prevailed in superior court. Rogers v. 

Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 151 Wn. App. 174, 180, 210 P.3d 355 (2009) (citing 

Harrison Mem’l Hosp. v. Gagnon, 110 Wn. App. 475, 485, 40 P.3d 1221 (2002)). 

“ ‘We are not to reweigh or rebalance the competing testimony and inferences, or 

to apply anew the burden of persuasion, for doing that would abridge the right to 

trial by jury.’ ” Rogers, 151 Wn. App. at 180-81 (quoting Harrison Mem’l 

Hosp., 110 Wn. App. at 485) (citing RCW 51.52.115). 

The Industrial Insurance Act, Title 51 RCW, provides that workers who 

experience an industrial injury are entitled to benefits. RCW 51.32.010. RCW 

51.08.100 defines “injury” as “a sudden and tangible happening, of a traumatic 

nature, producing an immediate or prompt result, and occurring from without, and 

such physical conditions as result therefrom.” Benefits are not limited to those 

workers previously in perfect health. Dennis v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 109 

Wn.2d 467, 471, 745 P.2d 1295 (1987). “The worker is to be taken as he or she 

is, with all his or her preexisting frailties and bodily infirmities.” Dennis, 109 

Wn.2d at 471 (citing Wendt v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 18 Wn. App. 674, 682-83, 

571 P.2d 229 (1977)). A worker is entitled to compensation under the IIA for a 

disability resulting from work-related aggravation of a preexisting condition. 

Simpson Timber Co. v. Wentworth, 96 Wn. App. 731, 739, 981 P.2d 878 (1999). 

But an injury “due to the relatively slow and insidious inroads of a progressive 
No. 81849-0-I/7

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and apparently incurable disease” does not satisfy the requirement of RCW 

51.08.100. Petersen v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 40 Wn.2d 635, 638, 245 P.2d 

1161 (1952) (citing Higgins v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 27 Wn.2d 816, 180 P.2d 

559 (1947)). Proof that an event occurred at work is a question of fact and does 

not need to be supported by a medical opinion. Louderback v. Dep’t of Labor & 

Indus., 14 Wn. App. 931, 935, 547 P.2d 889 (1976). But proof that the event

more likely than not caused the injury or aggravated a preexisting condition 

requires medical evidence. Louderback, 14 Wn. App. at 935-36. 

PeaceHealth argues substantial evidence does not support the jury’s 

verdict because “convincing medical evidence in this record establishes that an 

industrial injury did not occur on or about December 29, 2015.” According to 

PeaceHealth, the testimony it offered “could readily convince a fair-minded, 

rational individual that Ms. Kicin would experience the same progression of 

symptoms and need for treatment” even if the workplace incident in 2015 had not 

occurred. PeaceHealth misconstrues our standard of review. As discussed, we 

do not reweigh or rebalance competing testimony and inferences. Rogers, 151 

Wn. App. at 180-81. “When testimony presents questions on which reasonable 

[people] may differ, the matter is for the jury to decide.” Sutherland v. Dep’t of 

Labor & Indus., 4 Wn. App. 333, 338, 481 P.2d 453 (1971) (citing Preston Mill 

Co. v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 44 Wn.2d 532, 268 P.2d 1017 (1954)). We look 

only to see whether substantial evidence supports the jury verdict. See Ruse, 

138 Wn.2d at 5-6; City of Bellevue, 171 Wn. App. at 139.
No. 81849-0-I/8

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Here, Kicin testified that on December 29, 2015, she was mopping “very 

quickly” under a hospital bed because she had to “immediately prepare the room” 

for a waiting patient. She said that she twisted and immediately felt a sharp pain 

in her neck, shoulder, and arm as well as a tingling sensation in her hands. She 

explained that before December 29, 2015, she had worsening but manageable 

pain, mainly on her left side. Her December 11, 2015 X-ray confirmed that she 

had a “normal” left shoulder and signs of degenerative disc disease, but no 

herniated discs or gross spinal abnormalities. Only after the incident at 

PeaceHealth did Kicin report unrelenting pain in her neck and shoulder with 

tingling and numbness in her arms and hands on “both” sides. The January 

2016 MRI revealed a substantially herniated disc deforming her spinal cord, 

requiring “urgent” surgery. 

Dr. Gritzka examined Kicin and reviewed her medical records. He testified 

that more likely than not, Kicin’s December 29, 2015 work injury aggravated a

preexisting degenerative disc disease. Dr. Gritzka explained that Kicin’s 

“preexistent conditions [could] be converted to a symptomatic condition by 

external forces sometimes or by motion, in her case, heavy mopping.” And he 

concluded:

So based on what she said, I think the working 

activities on December 29, 2015, were the cause of her symptoms.

. . . .

. . . I mean, it’s likely that before this event she had a 

developing or evolving disc problem at the level where the 

herniation was finally discovered. So the work activities, as she 

described it, probably caused a sudden worsening or enlargement, 

if you will, of an evolving disc herniation.
No. 81849-0-I/9

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Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Kicin, “ ‘there was 

evidence which, if believed, would support the verdict rendered.’ ” City of 

Bellevue, 171 Wn. App. at 155 (quoting Retail Clerks Health & Welfare Tr. Funds 

v. Shopland Supermarket, Inc., 96 Wn.2d 939, 943, 640 P.2d 1051 (1982)).

Attorney Fees

Kicin seeks an award of attorney fees as the prevailing party. Under RCW 

51.52.130(1), a worker is entitled to attorney fees when “a party other than the 

worker” appeals to the appellate court from the decision and order of the Board 

and the worker’s “right to relief is sustained.” Because the jury’s finding that Kicin 

sustained an industrial injury on December 29, 2015 is supported by substantial 

evidence, we award her reasonable attorney fees subject to compliance with 

RAP 18.1.

We affirm.

WE CONCUR: