COURT OF APPEALS

SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS

FORT WORTH

NO. 02-16-00044-CV 

RAYFORD F. PERRY APPELLANT

V.

STEVEN SWIFT, BRAD 

LIVINGSTON, JESSI KEITH, AND 

GOLDIE JACQUES

APPELLEES 

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FROM THE 89TH DISTRICT COURT OF WICHITA COUNTY

TRIAL COURT NO. 181,533-C

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MEMORANDUM OPINION1

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Appellant Rayford F. Perry—an inmate who is confined in the Texas 

Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division—appeals pro se from the 

dismissal of his lawsuit for failure to post a $5,000 security deposit ordered by the 

trial court after Perry was declared a vexatious litigant. The sole issue we decide 

 

1See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
2

is whether the trial court’s failure to conduct a hearing before declaring Perry a 

vexatious litigant probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment or 

probably prevented Perry from properly presenting his case to this court. 

Because we hold that the trial court’s failure to hold a hearing was harmless, we 

will affirm.

Perry filed a pro se suit against Appellees Steven Swift, Brad Livingston, 

Jessi Keith, and Goldie Jacques, all of whom were employees of the Department. 

The Attorney General filed an amicus curiae advisory requesting an order 

declaring Perry a vexatious litigant and requiring him to furnish security. See

Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 11.051 (West 2002). The Attorney General 

alleged that no reasonable probability existed that Perry would prevail in his 

litigation against Appellees and that in the preceding seven-year period, Perry 

had commenced, prosecuted, or maintained in courts other than small claims 

court at least five litigations as a pro se litigant that had been determined by a 

trial or appellate court to be frivolous or groundless under state or federal laws or 

rules of procedure. See id. § 11.054 (West Supp. 2015). The Attorney General 

attached to its request court documents showing at least five lawsuits that Perry 

had maintained in the past seven years that had been determined to be frivolous.

The trial court, after considering the Attorney General’s request, found that 

Perry was a vexatious litigant pursuant to section 11.054 of the Texas Civil 

Practice and Remedies Code and ordered him to furnish security in the amount 

of $5,000 by October 8, 2015, to proceed in the case. On November 5, 2015, the 
3

trial court signed a final judgment, which stated, “Because Plaintiff has been 

determined to be a vexatious litigant and has failed to furnish the required 

security by the date previously ordered, his case is hereby DISMISSED as to all 

claims and Defendants.” Perry timely perfected this appeal.2

In his third issue,

3 Perry argues that the trial court abused its discretion by 

failing to hold a hearing under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code section 

11.053 to determine whether Perry was a vexatious litigant. The vexatious 

litigant statute provides, “On receipt of a motion under Section 11.051, the court 

shall, after notice to all parties, conduct a hearing to determine whether to grant 

the motion.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 11.053(a) (West 2002). This 

 

2Appellees assert that Perry failed to timely perfect this appeal because his 

“Motion to Alter Or Amend The Judgment,” which was filed eighteen days after 

the judgment was signed, did not extend the appellate timetable. Because 

Perry’s motion seeks a new trial, however, it acted to trigger the extended ninetyday deadline for filing his notice of appeal, and thus, his notice of appeal was 

timely filed. See Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(a)(1); Tex. Dep’t of Criminal Justice v. 

Simons, 140 S.W.3d 338, 349 (Tex. 2004) (directing courts to look to the 

substance of the motion rather than the title). We therefore have jurisdiction over 

this appeal.

3Perry’s brief recites three issues under the heading “Issues Presented.” 

Issue one complains that his motion for leave to submit an application to proceed 

in forma pauperis was overruled by operation of law. Issue two complains that 

his motion to alter or amend the judgment was overruled by operation of law. 

The only issue, however, on which Perry presents argument is his third issue 

complaining that the trial court failed to hold a hearing before declaring him a 

vexatious litigant. We therefore overrule Perry’s first and second issues as 

inadequately briefed. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(i); ERI Consulting Eng’rs, Inc. v. 

Swinnea, 318 S.W.3d 867, 880 (Tex. 2010) (recognizing that “[t]he Texas Rules 

of Appellate Procedure require adequate briefing.”); Fredonia State Bank v. Gen. 

Am. Life Ins. Co., 881 S.W.2d 279, 284–85 (Tex. 1994) (observing that appellate 

court has discretion to deem issues waived due to inadequate briefing).
4

requirement is not discretionary. See id.; Mullins v. Ortiz, 440 S.W.3d 48, 51 

(Tex. App.—Waco 2009, no pet.). But the failure to hold a hearing pursuant to 

section 11.053 is subject to a harm analysis. See Mullins, 440 S.W.3d at 51. 

Error requires reversal if it probably caused the rendition of an improper 

judgment or probably prevented the appellant from properly presenting his case 

to this court. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a); Mullins, 440 S.W.3d at 51.

The trial court here did not conduct a hearing prior to declaring Perry to be 

a vexatious litigant; accordingly, the trial court erred. We therefore conduct a 

harm analysis of the trial court’s error in failing to conduct a hearing. See Tex. R. 

App. P. 44.1(a); Mullins, 440 S.W.3d at 51.

Perry filed numerous responses to the Attorney General’s request. The 

record does not indicate that he had any live testimony or other evidence that 

was not available to the trial court from the written pleadings at the time of its 

ruling, and in his brief, Perry does not point to any evidence or testimony that he 

was denied the opportunity to present to the trial court. Thus, we cannot say that 

the failure to hold a hearing caused the rendition of an improper judgment. See, 

e.g., In re Douglas, 333 S.W.3d 273, 287 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, 

pet. denied) (holding error in failing to hold a hearing before declaring litigant 

vexatious harmless because litigant failed to explain in trial or appellate court 

what evidence he would have presented at hearing). Likewise, the trial court’s 

failure to hold a hearing before declaring Perry a vexatious litigant did not prevent 
5

Perry from presenting his case on appeal,

4 and Perry sets forth no explanation of 

any complaints he was purportedly prevented from presenting. Accordingly, the 

trial court’s error in failing to hold a hearing before declaring Perry a vexatious 

litigant was harmless. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a); Douglas, 333 S.W.3d at 287 

(holding error in failure to hold hearing before declaring litigant vexatious 

harmless); Mullins, 440 S.W.3d at 51 (same); see also Jon v. Gaston, No. 10-09-

00357-CV, 2010 WL 3584391, at *2 (Tex. App.—Waco Sept. 15, 2010, pet. 

denied) (mem. op.) (same). Accordingly, we overrule Perry’s third issue.

Having held that the trial court’s failure to hold a section 11.053 hearing 

was harmless, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.5

/s/ Sue Walker

SUE WALKER

JUSTICE 

PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; DAUPHINOT and WALKER, JJ.

DELIVERED: June 9, 2016

 

4Perry’s first and second issues were presented, just not adequately 

briefed, and his third issue simply complains of no hearing.

5On April 4, 2016, this court received the following documents from Perry: 

“Order To Show Cause For A Preliminary Injunction,” “Memorandum of Law,” 

and “Affidavit And Citizen’s Petition.” All relief requested in these documents is 

denied.