NOTICE

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments.

Assessment and Standards Division

Office of Transportation and Air Quality

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

U.S. Department of Energy

Coordinating Research Council

EPAct/V2/E-89: Assessing the Effect 

of Five Gasoline Properties on Exhaust 

Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles 

Certified to Tier 2 Standards

Final Report on Program Design and 

Data Collection

Appendix J

Refueling Location Experiments

EPA-420-R-13-004

April 2013
J-2 

For each chosen vehicle SwRI conducted the fuel change sequence given in Table J-1. 

This sequence was based on what was used during the conduct of Phase 3 testing, and should be 

representative of the actual Phase 3 test procedure. For each vehicle, the sequence was 

conducted at each of two refueling locations using the same pair of E20 and E0 fuels. The 

refueling locations used for each chosen vehicle are given in Table J-2. A schematic of the 

refueling locations is given in Figure J-1. All fuel samples were collected approximately half 

way through each drain 
J-3 

TABLE J-1. FUEL CHANGE SEQUENCE

STEP DESCRIPTION

REQUIRED SAMPLE 

ANALYSES

1 Collect fuel sample from vehicle while draining fuel via 

fuel rail.

Density @ 60°F by D4052

Ethanol concentration by D5599

Ethanol concentration by Petrospec

2 Fill fuel tank to 40% with designated E20 Group 1 fuel. 

Fill-up fuel temperature must be less than 50°F.

3 Start vehicle and execute catalyst sulfur removal 

procedure described in Appendix C of CRC E-60 

Program report. Apply side fan cooling to the fuel tank 

to alleviate the heating effect of the exhaust system. 

4 Collect fuel sample from vehicle while draining fuel via 

fuel rail.

Density @ 60°F by D4052

Ethanol concentration by D5599

Ethanol concentration by Petrospec

5 Fill fuel tank to 40% with designated E20 Group 1 fuel. 

Fill-up fuel temperature must be less than 50°F. 

6 Perform three 2-phase (bags 1 and 2) LA92 cycles. 

During these prep cycles, apply side fan cooling to the 

fuel tank to alleviate the heating effect of the exhaust 

system.

7 Collect fuel sample from vehicle while draining fuel via 

fuel rail.

Density @ 60°F by D4052

Ethanol concentration by D5599

Ethanol concentration by Petrospec

8 Fill fuel tank to 40% with designated E0 Group 2 fuel. 

Fill-up fuel temperature must be less than 50°F.

9 Start vehicle and execute catalyst sulfur removal 

procedure described in Appendix C of CRC E-60 

Program report. Apply side fan cooling to the fuel tank 

to alleviate the heating effect of the exhaust system.

10 Collect fuel sample from vehicle while draining fuel via 

fuel rail.

Density @ 60°F by D4052

Ethanol concentration by D5599

Ethanol concentration by Petrospec

11 Fill fuel tank to 40% with designated E20 Group 2 fuel. 

Fill-up fuel temperature must be less than 50°F.

12 Perform three 2-phase (bags 1 and 2) LA92 cycles. 

During these prep cycles, apply side fan cooling to the 

fuel tank to alleviate the heating effect of the exhaust 

system.

13 Collect fuel sample from vehicle while draining fuel via 

fuel rail.

Density @ 60°F by D4052

Ethanol concentration by D5599

Ethanol concentration by Petrospec
J-4 

CONTAINMENT

PAD

LARGE BOX

SMALL BOX

SOUTH 

LOCATION

NORTH 

LOCATION

TABLE J-2. REFUELING LOCATIONS

BRAND MODEL LOCATION A LOCATION B

Chevrolet C1500 Silverado Containment Pad South

Toyota Camry Containment Pad South

Toyota Sienna Containment Pad South

Dodge Caliber Containment Pad South

Honda Civic Containment Pad South

Honda Odyssey Containment Pad South

Nissan Altima Containment Pad South

FIGURE J-1. SCHEMATIC OF VEHICLE REFUELING LOCATIONS