AIR POLLUTANT EMISSION INVENTORIES

FOR 

BLOCK ISLAND STATE AIRPORT

NEWPORT STATE AIRPORT

NORTH CENTRAL STATE AIRPORT

QUONSET STATE AIRPORT

T.F. GREEN AIRPORT 

WESTERLY STATE AIRPORT

PREPARED FOR THE: 

PREPARED BY: 

FEBRUARY, 2007
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Executive Summary 

In accordance with the federal Clean Air Act, the Rhode Island Department of 

Environmental Management (RIDEM) is preparing a State Implementation Plan (SIP) 

that will address the new eight-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone 

(O3). This action is in response to Rhode Island being declared a “non-attainment” area 

for this pollutant. The principle aim of the SIP is to control emissions of nitrogen oxides 

(NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) state-wide; the two primary precursors to 

the formation of O3. 

The Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC) operates six airports in Rhode Island. 

These include Block Island State Airport, Newport State Airport, North Central State 

Airport, Quonset State Airport, T.F. Green Airport and Westerly State Airport. Aircraft, 

aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) and ground support equipment (GSE) at these 

airports are potential sources of NOx and VOCs. 

The purpose of this document is to quantify the amounts of NOx and VOC emissions 

associated with the RIAC airports through conducting an emission inventory at each 

airport. Consistent with the RIDEM SIP development process, the information is 

provided for the years 2002, 2009 and 2012 in terms of annual and summer-day 

emissions. For completeness, annual emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides 

(SOx) and particulate matter (PM) are also provided, even though the area is declared 

attainment for these pollutants 

The emission inventories were developed using Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-

required and currently approved methods, models and materials. These include the latest 

version of the FAA’s Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (version 4.5) and 

airport–specific operational data compiled and reported by RIAC and the FAA. The 

emissions inventory for T.F. Green Airport is consistent with the T.F. Green Airport 

Improvement Program Draft Environmental Impact Statement currently prepared by the 

FAA for RIAC’s proposed Airport Improvement Program at T.F. Green Airport. 

This information is provided to RIDEM as a means of accurately incorporating the 

emissions associated with the RIAC airports in the SIP. Supporting information and data 

developed during the course of the assessment are included in the Appendix. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section Page 

 1 Introduction and Purpose....... ..................................................................................1 

 2 Background Air Quality Information.......................................................................1 

 A Attainment/Nonattainment.............................................................................2 

 B State Implementation Plan .............................................................................2 

 3 RIAC Airport Descriptions......................................................................................4 

 4 Assessment Methodology......... ...............................................................................7 

 A Approach........................................................................................................7 

 B Aircraft Fleet Mix and Activity Levels..........................................................8 

 C Emissions Factors ..........................................................................................8 

 D Operational Profiles .......................................................................................9 

 5 Emission Inventories..................................................................................................10 

 A Annual Conditions .........................................................................................10 

 B Summer Day Conditions................................................................................10 

 6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................10 

References ........................................................................................................................15 

List of Preparers.....................................................................................................................16 

Appendix 

 - Supplemental Data and Information 

 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

LIST OF TABLES 

No. Title Page 

1 RIAC Airports Included in Emissions Inventory 1 

2 Current Attainment/Nonattainment Status for Rhode Island 2 

3 Rhode Island State Implementation Plan Summary 3 

4 Sources of Data Used in Support of the RIAC Airports Emissions Inventory 7 

5 Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports - 2002 11 

6 Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports - 2009 12 

7 Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports - 2012 13 

8 Summer Day Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports – 2002, 2009, and 2012 14 

LIST OF FIGURES 

No. Title Page 

1 RIAC Airports 5 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

I. Introduction and Purpose 

In accordance with the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), the Rhode Island Department of 

Environmental Management (RIDEM) is preparing a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the 

new eight-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (O3).1

 All of Rhode 

Island is designated as a “non-attainment” area for this pollutant by the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA). 

The Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC) operates six airports within this O3 nonattainment 

area. These airports are listed in Table 1. 

Table 1 

RIAC Airports Included in the Emissions Inventory 

The purpose of this report is to document the amounts of air pollutant emissions associated with 

the six RIAC airports in order to provide accurate data to RIDEM for incorporation into the SIP. 

This information is provided in the form of emissions inventories and focuses on the emissions 

of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – the two primary precursors 

to the formation of O3. Consistent with the SIP-specified analysis years and development 

process, emissions are provided for the years 2002, 2009 and 2012. 

In the sections that follow, additional background information is provided on the SIP 

development process in Rhode Island; the overall approach and methodology for preparing the 

airport emissions inventories; and the results of the analyses. Other supporting information and 

materials are provided in the Appendix. 

II. Background Air Quality Information 

The following section provides background information on air quality conditions in Rhode Island 

related to the SIP. 

 

1

 National Ambient Air Quality Standards are set by the U.S. EPA for six “criteria” air pollutants: carbon 

monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM10/2.5) and sulfur dioxide 

(SO2). These standards are designed to protect public health and welfare and the environment with a margin of 

safety. [http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html] 

No. Name 

1 Block Island State Airport 

2 Newport State Airport 

3 North Central State Airport 

4 Quonset State Airport 

5 T.F. Green Airport 

6 Westerly State Airport 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

A. Attainment/Non-Attainment Designations 

In compliance with the federal CAA, all areas within Rhode Island are designated, with respect 

to the NAAQS, as attainment or non-attainment. By definition, an area with air quality better 

than the NAAQS is designated as attainment and an area with air quality worse than the NAAQS 

is designated as non-attainment.2

 Non-attainment areas for O3 are further classified as extreme, 

severe, serious, moderate, and marginal by the degree of non-compliance with the standards. 

The current attainment/non-attainment designations for Rhode Island are summarized in Table 2. 

As shown, the area is designated as attainment for all of the EPA criteria air pollutants, with the 

exception of O3 for which the classification is non-attainment (moderate). The term 

“non-attainment” signifies that violations of the NAAQS for this pollutant have occurred and 

“moderate” denotes that the elevated levels were not extraordinarily high nor did they occur 

frequently. 

Table 2 

Current Attainment/Non-Attainment Status in Rhode Island

Pollutant Designation 

Carbon monoxide (CO) Attainment 

Lead (Pb) Attainment 

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Attainment 

Ozone (O3) Non-attainment (moderate) 

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Attainment 

Particulate matter (PM10) Attainment 

Particulate matter (PM2.5) Attainment 

 Source: EPA Greenbook, http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/

B. State Implementation Plan 

Because the entire state of Rhode Island was classified as non-attainment for the former 

one-hour NAAQS for O3, a SIP is in place. However, another SIP is being prepared to bring the 

area into compliance with the eight-hour O3 NAAQS. The SIP is the cumulative record of all air 

pollution control strategies, emission budgets, and the timetables implemented or adopted by 

RIDEM and other state agencies to bring the non-attainment area into compliance with the 

NAAQS. Recent efforts to develop the SIP and implementation process in Rhode Island are 

summarized in Table 3. 

 

2

 Two other classifications include unclassifiable and maintenance. An area may be designated as unclassifiable 

when there is a temporary lack of data to form a basis of attainment status and areas that are reclassified from 

non-attainment to attainment are designated as maintenance. There are no such designations in Rhode Island at 

this time. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Table 3 

Rhode Island State Implementation Plan Summaries 

State Implementation Plan Status Comments 

One Hour Ozone Attainment 

Demonstration for the Rhode 

Island Ozone Nonattainment 

Area (called the “2003 

Attainment Plan”). This is 

considered the currently 

approved SIP.

Developed by RIDEM as a 

revision to the SIP. Approved 

by the EPA April 7, 2003. 

Demonstrates attainment of 

the former one hour NAAQS 

for O3 by 2007. Calls for the 

reduction and control of NOx 

and VOCs: the two primary 

precursors to O3 formation. 

Mid-Course Review of the 

Rhode Island Attainment Plan 

for the One Hour Ozone 

National Ambient Air Quality 

Standard (called the “2004 

Rate of Progress Plan”) 

Submitted to EPA by RIDEM 

December 2004. 

Demonstrates that Rhode 

Island remains on track to 

attain the one-hour NAAQS 

for O3 by 2007. 

Eight-Hour Ozone Attainment 

Demonstration for the Rhode 

Island Ozone Non-attainment 

Area (called the “2007 

Attainment Plan”) 

Currently under development 

by RIDEM. To be submitted 

to EPA by June 2007. 

Must demonstrate attainment 

of the new eight-hour 

NAAQS for O3 by 2010. 

Will call for the reduction 

and control of NOx and 

VOCs-the two primary 

precursors to O3 formation. 

Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc., 2007. 

Before the adoption in 2001 of the new eight-hour standard for O3 by the EPA, the State of 

Rhode Island was previously designated as non-attainment (serious) for the former one-hour 

standard. The original SIP required attainment of the NAAQS by 1999, which was achieved. 

However, due to ensuing violations of the one-hour standard in 2000/2001, the One Hour Ozone 

SIP (called the 2003 Attainment Plan) was revised. This revised plan requires the attainment of 

the one-hour standard by 2007 and is the SIP that is currently enforced by RIDEM. A Rate of 

Progress Plan, also prepared by RIDEM in 2004, shows that the area is on track to meet the 

2007 deadline. 

With the promulgation and subsequent violations of the new eight-hour standard for O3 in Rhode 

Island, a new eight-hour Ozone SIP (called the 2007 Attainment Plan) is being prepared by 

RIDEM. This plan will be sent to EPA in 2007 for approval and will require attainment of the 

eight-hour standard by 2010. 

In both cases (i.e., the 2003 and 2007 Attainment Plans), the SIPs call for reducing and 

controlling NOx and VOC emissions. Most of these reductions are expected to occur from new 

emission standards for on-road and non-road vehicles as well as reduced NOx and VOC 

emissions transported from neighboring and other up-wind states. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

III. RIAC Airport Descriptions 

RIAC owns and operates six airports in Rhode Island. Each airport is included in this 

assessment. The location of the airports is illustrated on Figure 1. The following provides an 

illustration of each airport and a brief description of the facilities. 

• Block Island State Airport (BID) is located 

 about 12 miles off-shore in Block Island Sound. 

 BID is primarily a general aviation (GA) airport, 

 but there is also scheduled airline service to 

 Westerly State Airport. The airport has one active 

 runway and serves approximately 18,000 

 operations (e.g., landings and take-offs) annually. 

• Newport State Airport (UUU), is located 

 in Middleton, two miles northeast of the 

 city of Newport. The airport is primarily a 

 GA airport, used by the Army National Guard 

 and there is no scheduled airline service. 

 The airport has two active runways and 

 approximately 16,000 operations annually. 

• North Central State Airport (SFZ) is located 

 in the towns of Lincoln and Smithfield in 

 Providence County. SFZ generally caters to 

 private pilots and GA, and the aircraft are either 

 of the single- or twin-engine propeller class, 

 although a limited number of jet aircraft operations 

 also occur. The airport has two active runways 

 and approximately 48,000 operations annually. 

Newport State Airport 

North Central State Airport 

Block Island State Airport 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Figure 1 - RIAC Airports 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

• Quonset State Airport (OQU) is located on 

 Quonset Point, in northeastern North 

 Kingstown, adjacent to Narragansett Bay. 

 Formerly a U.S. Navy Base, it remains the home 

 of the 143rd Airlift Wing of the Rhode Island 

 Air National Guard which uses the facility for training 

 and aviation operations. The aircraft fleet includes 

 both GA and military. The airport has two 

 active runways and services approximately 

 18,000 operations annually. 

• T. F. Green Airport (PVD), also 

 known as Theodore Francis Green State Airport, 

 is located in Warwick, six miles south of Providence, 

 in Kent County. T.F. Green is classified as a 

 medium-hub commercial service airport currently 

 serving over five million passengers annually with 

 over 125,000 operations. The FAA is preparing a 

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for 

 an airport Improvement Program, which includes 

 an assessment of the potential air quality impacts 

 in both the short- and long-terms.3

• Westerly State Airport (WST) is located two 

 miles southeast of downtown Westerly, in 

 Washington County. WST is primarily a GA 

 airport, but there is also scheduled airline 

 service to Block Island (as discussed above). 

 The airport has two active runways and 

 approximately 15,000 operations annually. 

 

3

 T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Environmental Impact Statement website, http://www.vhb.com/pvd/eis/ 

Quonset State Airport 

T.F. Green Airport 

Westerly State Airport 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

IV. Assessment Methodology 

The methodology for preparing the emission inventories for the RIAC airports is described in the 

following section. For T.F. Green Airport, the information and data was obtained directly from 

the Draft EIS Air Quality Assessment which is currently under development and review. 

Information and data for the other five airports was assembled and/or developed from a variety 

of other sources. The emission sources and sources of data used to prepare the inventories are 

provided in Table 4 and discussed within the following sections. 

Table 4 

Sources of Data Used in Support of the RIAC Airports Emission Inventories 

Emission Source Source of Data and Information 

Aircraft Total operations & fleet mix – For T.F. Green the Airport Master Plan 

Update and updated EIS forecast information for 2012 and 2020). For the 

other five airports, RIAC Annual Operations, FAA Terminal Area 

Forecast, and, Landmark Aviation RI (the fixed-base operator (FBO). 

Times-in-mode – Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System 

[FAA 2006] (EDMS) default data and FAA reports of taxi-in and taxi-out 

periods. 

Ground Support 

Equipment (GSE) 

GSE fleet mix and operating times – For T.F. Green, RIAC GSE 

population data, EDMS default data and in-the-field survey. For the other 

five airports, EDMS default data. 

Auxiliary Power 

Units (APU) 

APU type and operating times – For T.F Green, EDMS default data, FAA 

guidance and in-the-field survey. Not applicable for the other five 

airports. 

Other supporting 

information 

Temporal profiles – Reported annual and monthly operations in 2002 for 

all airports. 

Meteorological data - NCDC data collected at T.F. Green Airport and 

Chatham, MA for the years 2000 – 2005. 

Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc., 2007 

A. Approach 

Consistent with FAA and EPA guidelines, the emission inventories were prepared using the 

latest version (Version 4.5) of FAA’s EDMS is the FAA’s required model and the EPA’s 

preferred guideline model for performing analyses of airport-related emissions [FAA, 1998, 

EPA, 2005]4

. 

The sources of emissions included in the analyses were aircraft, aircraft APU and GSE. To 

avoid double-counting, emissions from airport-related motor vehicles were not included as they 

 

4

 The EPA identifies certain computer models as preferred to promote consistency in model selection and 

application. When a single model is found to perform better than others, it is recommended for application as a 

preferred model. If no one model is found to clearly perform better through the evaluation exercise, then the 

preferred model is selected on the basis of other factors such as past use, public familiarity, cost or resource 

requirements, and availability. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

are part of the surface traffic traveling on the regional and local roadway networks, which are 

addressed separately in the SIP. Similarly, stationary sources of emissions (e.g., boilers, 

emergency generators, fuel facilities, etc.) at the airports are not included as they are individually 

permitted by the RIDEM and also included in the SIP. 

The results are reported in both units of tons per year (tpy) for all of the pollutants and in tons per 

summer day (tpsd) e.g., (June through August) for NOx and VOCs. 5

B. Aircraft Fleet Mix and Activity Levels 

The years 2002, 2009 and 2012 aircraft fleets and corresponding annual operations (by aircraft 

type) for the six RIAC airports addressed in this assessment are summarized in Table A1 of the 

Appendix. These data were obtained from RIAC, the Rhode Island Aviation System Plan 

Update, T.F. Green Airport Master Plan updated for 2012 and 2020, the FAA Terminal Area 

Forecasts (TAF) and the FBO for the GA airports. The EDMS aircraft engine assignments used 

in the analysis are also listed in Table A1. 

C. Emission Factors 

Emission factors used in this assessment are considered the most appropriate and up-to-date for 

this application. These factors are discussed in the following section, by emission source. 

 1. Aircraft Engines 

The FAA’s EDMS contains a database of aircraft engine-specific emission factors based on 

engine manufacturer, model, and operational mode. The level of aircraft-related emissions is 

reflective of the time that an aircraft operates in each of four operational modes with the entire 

cycle referred to as a landing/takeoff cycle (LTO). A LTO cycle consists of the following four 

operational modes: 

• “Taxi/idle” includes the time an aircraft taxis between the runway and a terminal, and all 

ground-based delay incurred through the aircraft route. 

• “Approach” begins when an aircraft descends below the atmospheric mixing height and 

ends when an aircraft touches down on a runway. 

• “Takeoff” begins when full power is applied to an aircraft and ends when an aircraft 

reaches approximately 500 to 1,000 feet. At this altitude, pilots typically power back for 

a gradual ascent. 

• “Climbout” begins when an aircraft powers back from the takeoff mode and ascends 

above the atmospheric mixing zone height. 

For this analysis, the ambient temperature is based on the 30-year (e.g., 1971 to 2000) annual 

mean temperature in Providence, Rhode Island of 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit.6

 The atmospheric 

mixing height of 2,226 feet represents average afternoon conditions and is based on the most 

recent five years of meteorological data from PVD and Chatham, Massachusetts. The data is 

published by the National Climatic Data Center [NCDC, 2006]. 

 

5

 The EPA criteria pollutant lead (Pb) was not included as airports are not considered to be significant sources of 

this compound. 6

 Northeast Regional Climate Center, http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Aircraft operational times for takeoff, climbout and approach are based on the EDMS default 

operating times. For the five GA airports, the EDMS default taxi/idle and ground delay times 

were used. In the case of T.F. Green, operational data developed in support of the Draft EIS air 

quality assessment was used. Taxi/idle and ground delay times are further documented in the 

Appendix. 

PM emissions were estimated (within EDMS) using a formula that relates aircraft 

engine-specific smoke numbers to PM.7 This First Order Approximation developed by the FAA 

takes into account the formation of secondary PM and assumes that 100 percent of the PM is 

PM2.5.

 8 Turboprop and piston aircraft-related PM emissions were estimated from a turboprop 

engine emission index provided in the EPA publication AP-42.9

 Military aircraft-related PM 

emissions are based on U.S. Air Force documentation [USAF, 1999].

 2. Ground Support Equipment 

EDMS also contains a database of emission factors for GSE which vary depending on the type of 

equipment (e.g., tow tug, fuel truck, etc.), fuel type (e.g., gasoline, diesel, propane, electric, etc.) 

and the time of operation (e.g., engine run time). Moreover, the type of GSE used depends on 

the aircraft type (e.g., turbo-jet, prop., etc.) and category (e.g., passenger, GA, cargo). For 

instance, while each passenger air carrier arrival requires baggage tugs and cabin service, general 

aviation aircraft (privately owned aircraft) do not require these services. 

For the T.F. Green emissions inventory, the GSE fleet and operational data developed in support 

of the Draft EIS air quality assessment was used. For the other five RIAC airports, EDMS GSE 

default data were used. 

 3. Auxiliary Power Units 

APUs are small turbine engines used on some aircraft (e.g., mostly commercial aircraft) to 

generate electricity and compressed air when the aircraft is on the ground. For this analysis and 

when applicable, the EDMS default APU data was assumed. 

D. Operational Profiles 

In EDMS, operational profiles represent varying levels of aircraft activity (or operations) as a 

fraction of a peak or baseline period (e.g., day, month and year). For this assessment, annual 

conditions were converted to summer-day conditions based upon 2002 operational profiles for 

each airport (see Table A2 of the Appendix). 

V. Emission Inventories 

The results of the emissions inventories are provided for both annual and summer-day 

conditions. The former is used to assess the total amounts of EPA criteria pollutants generated 

on a yearly basis and the latter are used to assess the amounts of O3 precursors generated during 

the peak season for this pollutant. 

 

7

 ICAO Annex 16, Volume 2, Part III, Appendix 3, July 1993 with Amendments V13 

(www.QinetiQ.com/aviation_emissions_databank) 

8

 FAA Memorandum, Use of the First Order Approximation to Estimate Aircraft Engine Particulate Matter 

Emissions in NEPA Documents and Clean Air Act General Conformity Analyses, May 24, 2005. 9

 Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office 

of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor, MI. 1992. 
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Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

A. Annual Conditions 

The 2002, 2009 and 2012 annual emission inventories for the six RIAC airports are presented in 

Tables 5 through 7, respectively. The data are listed by airport (e.g., Block Island, Newport, 

T.F. Green, etc.), pollutant type (e.g., NOx, VOCs, etc.), emission source (e.g., aircraft, 

GSE/APU) and are summed for each pollutant. 

As shown in Table 5, T.F. Green represents the largest source of emissions among all the RIAC 

airports due to the higher number of aircraft operations at this facility. Quonset and North 

Central airports follow in order of decreasing magnitudes with Block Island, Newport and 

Westerly airports being the lowest. 

As shown in Table 6, emissions from all RIAC airports are expected to increase over 2002 levels 

(shown in Table 5) due to the forecasted increases in operations at these facilities over the 

analysis timeframe. 

Finally, as shown in Table 7, emissions from all RIAC airports are again expected to increase 

over 2002 and 2009 levels (shown in Tables 5 and 6). As with previous conditions, these 

increases are due to the forecasted increases in operations at these facilities over this timeframe. 

B. Summer Day Conditions 

The emissions inventory for NOx and VOCs, are provided in Table 8 for summer day conditions. 

The data are listed by airport and for 2002, 2009 and 2020 conditions. The same trends described 

for the annual emission inventories also apply to the summer day inventories. 

VI. Conclusions 

This report provides emissions inventories for the six RIAC airports located within the Rhode 

Island O3 non-attainment area. The sources of emissions included in the analyses consist of 

aircraft, APUs and GSE. The data are provided for the years 2002, 2009 and 2012. 

The emission inventories were developed using the most appropriate and up-to-date methods, 

models and materials. These include the latest version of EDMS and individual airport 

operational data developed by RIAC. 

This information is provided to RIDEM as a means of accurately incorporating the emissions 

associated with the RIAC airports as the agency develops the SIP for the O3 non-attainment area. 
11

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Table 5 

Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports – 2002 

Annual Emissions (tons) 

Airport Source NOx VOC CO SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 1 2 96 <1 1 1

GSE/APU 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Block Island 

Total 2 3 96 <1 1 1

Aircraft 1 2 84 <1 1 1

GSE/APU 1 <1 2 <1 <1 <1

Newport 

Total 2 2 87 <1 1 1

Aircraft 17 19 246 2 7 7

GSE/APU 6 3 75 1 <1 <1

North Central 

Total 23 22 321 3 7 7

Aircraft 32 20 71 3 5 5

GSE/APU 10 4 95 1 <1 <1

Quonset 

Total 42 24 166 4 6 6

Aircraft 237 52 411 23 6 6

GSE/APU 31 18 470 3 1 1

T.F. Green 

Total 268 70 881 26 7 7

Aircraft 2 3 79 <1 1 1

GSE/APU 1 <1 6 <1 <1 <1

Westerly 

Total 3 3 86 <1 1 1

Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc, 2007. 

Notes: 

 VOC – Volatile organic compounds NOx – Nitrogen oxides GSE – Ground support equipment 

 CO – Carbon monoxide SOx – Sulfur oxides APU – Auxiliary power units 

 PM10 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 

 PM2.5 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 
12

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Table 6 

Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports – 2009 

Annual Emissions (tons) 

Airport Source NOx VOC CO SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 2 3 118 <1 1 1

GSE/APU 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Block Island 

Total 2 3 118 <1 2 2

Aircraft 2 3 116 <1 2 2

GSE/APU 1 <1 3 <1 <1 <1

Newport 

Total 2 3 119 <1 2 2

Aircraft 29 33 435 4 12 12

GSE/APU 8 5 132 1 <1 <1

North Central 

Total 38 38 568 5 12 12

Aircraft 48 19 62 4 4 4

GSE/APU 12 3 71 2 1 1

Quonset 

Total 60 22 133 5 5 4

Aircraft 288 61 483 27 7 7

GSE/APU 29 21 551 3 2 2

T.F. Green 

Total 317 82 1,034 31 8 8

Aircraft 3 5 120 <1 2 2

GSE/APU 1 <1 9 <1 <1 <1

Westerly 

Total 4 5 129 1 2 2

Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc, 2007. 

Notes: 

 VOC – Volatile organic compounds NOx – Nitrogen oxides GSE – Ground support equipment 

 CO – Carbon monoxide SOx – Sulfur oxides APU – Auxiliary power units 

 PM10 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 

 PM2.5 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 
13

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Table 7 

Annual Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports – 2012 

Annual Emissions (tons) 

Airport Source NOx VOC CO SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 2 3 126 <1 2 2

GSE/APU 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Block Island 

Total 2 3 127 <1 2 2

Aircraft 2 3 125 <1 2 2

GSE/APU 1 <1 3 <1 <1 <1

Newport 

Total 2 4 129 <1 2 2

Aircraft 32 35 467 4 13 13

GSE/APU 8 5 142 1 1 <1

North Central 

Total 40 41 609 5 13 13

Aircraft 49 20 64 4 4 4

GSE/APU 10 3 75 2 1 1

Quonset 

Total 59 23 139 5 5 5

Aircraft 318 66 527 30 7 7

GSE/APU 28 23 599 4 2 2

T.F. Green 

Total 346 88 1,126 33 9 9

Aircraft 3 5 128 <1 2 2

GSE/APU 1 <1 10 <1 <1 <1

Westerly 

Total 4 5 138 1 2 2

Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc, 2007. 

Notes: 

 VOC – Volatile organic compounds NOx – Nitrogen oxides GSE – Ground support equipment 

 CO – Carbon monoxide SOx – Sulfur oxides APU – Auxiliary power units 

 PM10 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 

 PM2.5 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 
14

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Table 8 

Summer Day Emissions Inventory for RIAC Airports – 2002, 2009, and 2012 

 Source: KB Environmental Sciences, Inc, 2007. 

Notes: 

 VOC – Volatile organic compounds NOx – Nitrogen oxides GSE – Ground support equipment 

 CO – Carbon monoxide SOx – Sulfur oxides APU – Auxiliary power units 

 PM10 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 

 PM2.5 – Particulate matter equal to or less than 10 microns 

Daily Emissions (tons per summer day) 

2002 2009 2012 

Airport Source NOx VOC NOx VOC NOx VOC 

Aircraft 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 

GSE/APU <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 

Block Island 

Total 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 

Aircraft 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 

GSE/APU <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 

Newport 

Total 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 

Aircraft 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.15 

GSE/APU 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 

North Central 

Total 0.09 0.09 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.17 

Aircraft 0.13 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.20 0.08 

GSE/APU 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 

Quonset 

Total 0.17 0.10 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.10 

Aircraft 0.75 0.16 0.91 0.19 1.00 0.21 

GSE/APU 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.07 

T.F. Green 

Total 0.85 0.22 1.00 0.26 1.09 0.28 

Aircraft 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 

GSE/APU <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 

Westerly 

Total 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 
15

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

REFERENCES

Rhode Island Aviation System Plan Update (dated December 2004), T.F. Green Airport Master 

Plan updated for 2012 and 2020, and the FAA TAF. 

FAA, Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System User’s Manual with Supplements, September 

2004 and EDMS Version 4.5, 2006. 

FAA, Derivation of a First Order Approximation of Particulate Matter from Aircraft, Roger 

Wayson, Gregg Fleming, and Julie Draper, July 2004, Proceedings for the Annual Air and Waste 

Management Conference. 

FAA Memorandum, Use of the First Order Approximation to Estimate Aircraft Engine 

Particulate Matter Emissions in NEPA Documents and Clean Air Act General Conformity 

Analyses, May 24, 2005. 

FAA, T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program Draft Environmental Impact Statement, 

prepared for the Federal Aviation Administration and Rhode Island Airport Corporation, 

prepared by Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. (under development). 

EPA, Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources. U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor, MI. 1992. 

EPA, 40 CFR Chapter 1, Part 51, Appendix W (Guideline of Air Quality Models), 

November 9, 2005. 

ICAO Annex 16, Volume 2, Part III, Appendix 3, July 1993 with Amendments V13 

(www.QinetiQ.com/aviation_emissions_databank) 

18068 Federal Register/Volume 63, No. 70, Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System Policy 

for Airport Air Quality Analysis; Interim Guidance to FAA Orders 1050.1D and 5050.4A, April 

13, 1998. 

RIAC, T.F. Green Airport Master Plan Update, December 2002. 

RIDEM, One-Hour Ozone Attainment Demonstration for the Rhode Island Ozone 

Non-Attainment Area, 2003. 

Steven Tibbets, General Manager, Landmark Aviation RI., communications with M. Kenney, 

KB Environmental Sciences, Inc. 2006. 

USAF, Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing; Volume 2, Detailed 

Sampling Approach and Results. March 1999 (Gerstle, Virag, Wade, Kimm) 
16

Air Pollutant Emission Inventories Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

LIST OF PREPARERS

Rhode Island Airport Corporation 

Brenda Pope, CHMM, REM , Vice President of Environmental Management Systems

Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. 

Carol Lurie, AICP, LEED AP, Senior Planner 

Susan Moberg, PWS, Project Manager

KB Environmental Sciences Inc. 

Mike Kenney, CIH, QEP, CHMM, Air Quality Scientist 

Carrol Bryant, Air Quality Specialist 

Mike Ratte, Air Quality Specialist / Meteorologist