RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document 

Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 

References
 

Allison, J.D., D.S. Brown, and K.J. Novo-Gradac. 1991. MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical 

Assessment Model for Environmental Systems: Version 3.0 User’s Manual. EPA/600/3-91/021. U.S. 

EPA Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. 

March. 

ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Update). Draft for Public Comment. 

Prepared by: Research Triangle Institute. Prepared for: U.S. Department of Health and Human 

Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. August. 

Brady, N.C. 1984. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Ninth Edition. Collier MacMillan Publishers. 

Carsel, Robert F., Rudolph S. Parrish, Russell L. Jones, James L. Hansen, and Richard L. Lamb. 1988. 

Characterizing the uncertainty of pesticide leaching in agricultural soils. Journal of Contaminant 

Hydrology, 2: 111-124. 

Carsel, Robert F., and Rudolph S. Parrish, 1988. Developing joint probability distributions of soil water 

retention characteristics. Water Resource Research. 29:755-770. 

Electric Power Research Institute, 1985. A review of Field Scale Physical Solute Transport Processes in 

Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media. EPRI EA-4190, Project 2485-5, Palo Alto, California. 

Farmer, W.J., M.S. Yang, and J. Letey. 1978. "Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes: Controlling 

Vapor Movement in Soils." In: Land Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, Proceedings of the Fourth 

Annual Research Symposium. Held at San Antonio, TX on March 6, 7, and 8, 1978. EPA-600/9-78­

016. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research 

Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. August. 

Gelhar, Lynn W., 1985. Personal Communication. 

Gelhar, Lynn W., Claire Welty, Kenneth R. Rehfeldt, 1992. A Critical review of data on field-scale 

dispersion in aquifers. Water Resources Research, 28(7), 1955-1974. 

Hattis, D., and D.E. Burmaster. 1994. "Assessment of Variability and Uncertainty Distributions for Practical 

Risk Analyses." Risk Analysis, 14(5): 713-730. 

Keup, L.E. 1985. "Flowing Water Resources." Water Resources Bulletin, 21(2): 291-296. April. 

McKone, T.E. 1987. "Human Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Household Tap Water: The 

Indoor Inhalation Pathway." Environmental Science and Technology, 21(12): 1194-1201. 

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Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 

McKone, T.E., and K.T. Bogen. 1992. "Uncertainties in Health-Risk Assessment: An Integrated Case 

Study Based on Tetrachloroethylene in California Groundwater." Regulatory Toxicology and 

Pharmacology, 15: 86-103. 

Mills, W.B., J.D. Dean, D.B. Porcella, S.A. Gherini, R.J.M. Hudson, W.E. Frick, G.L. Rupp, and G.L. Bowie. 

1982. Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Procedure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants, 

Part 1. EPA-600/6-82-004a. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, Environmental 

Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. September. 

National Research Council. 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. 

National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 

Newell, Charles J., Loren P. Hopkins, and Philip B. Bedient, 1989. Hydrogeologic Database for Ground 

Water Modeling. API Publication No. 4476, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. 

Newell, Charles J., Loren P. Hopkins, and Philip B. Bedient, 1990. “Hydrogeologic Database for Ground 

Water Modeling.” Ground Water, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 703 - 714. 

North Carolina Department of Health, Environment, and Natural Resources (NC DHENR). 1997. North 

Carolina Protocol for Performing Indirect Exposure Risk Assessments for Hazardous Waste 

Combustion Units. Prepared by: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Environmental Analysis, 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Prepared for: State of North Carolina, Division of Waste Management. 

January. 

Shen, Thomas T. 1980. Emission Estimation of Hazardous Organic Compounds from Waste Disposal Sites. 

Presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Montreal, Quebec. 

June 22-27. 

Suter II, G.W. and C.L. Tsao. 1996. Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of 

Concern for Effects on Aquatic Biota: 1996 Revision. ES/ER/TM-96/R2. Prepared by: Risk 

Assessment Program, Health Sciences Research Division, Oak Ridge, TN. Prepared for: U.S. DOE, 

Office of Environmental Management. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. June 

U.S. Department of Energy. 	1984. Atmospheric Science and Power Production. DOE/TIC-27601 

(DE84005177). Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Technical Information Center, Oak 

Ridge, TN. 

U.S. EPA. 	1984. Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating Air Emissions from Hazardous Waste 

Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities. EPA-450/3-84-020. Office of Air Quality Planning 

and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. December. 

U.S. EPA. 	1985a. Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Particulate Emissions from Surface Contamination 

Sites. EPA/600/8-85/002. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental 

Assessment, Washington, D.C. February. 

U.S. EPA. 	1985b. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area 

Sources. Fourth Edition. EPA Publication AP-42. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air 

Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. September. 

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U.S. EPA. 	 1985c. "Transport to the Air - Ambient Air Dispersion Model (AADM)." In: "Hazardous Waste 

Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; Proposed Exclusions and 

Proposed Organics Model." Federal Register, 50(229): 48963-48967. November 27. 

U.S. EPA. 	1986a. Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide - Second Edition 

Volume I. EPA-450/4-86-005a. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and 

Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC. June. 

U.S. EPA. 1986b. Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual. Draft. OSWER Directive 9285.5-1. Submitted 

to: Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. January 14. 

U.S. EPA. 1988a. Background Document on Subsurface Fate and Transport Model. Office of Solid Waste ­

OS-333. 

U. S. EPA. 1988b. National Survey of Solid Waste (Municipal) Landfill Facilities. Draft. EPA/530-SW88­

034. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C. September. 

U.S. EPA.	 1988c. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Final. 

PB89-199256. Prepared by: Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria 

and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. Prepared for: Office of Drinking Water. April. 

U. S. EPA. 	1988d. Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods 1310, 1311, and 1312 for Lead in Soil. U.S. 

EPA Contract 68-01-7075. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. November. 

U.S. EPA. 	1989a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual 

(Part A). EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. 

December. 

U.S. EPA. 	1989b. Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/8-89/043. Office of Health and Environmental 

Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. July. 

U.S. EPA.	 1989c. "Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates;" from J. Winston Porter, OSWER 

Assistant Administrator; to Regional Administrators, Regions I-X. OSWER Directive 9850.4. 

Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. January 27. 

U.S. EPA. 1990a. Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) Version 2.0 User’s Manual. EPA-450/4­

90-019a. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support Division, Research 

Triangle Park, NC. September. 

U.S. EPA. 1990b. Background Document for the Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) Version 

2.0. EPA-450/4-90-019b. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support 

Division, Research Triangle Park, NC. September. 

U.S. EPA. 1990c. Background Document for EPA's Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML). EPACMLS0002.A. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. February. 

U.S. EPA.	 1990d. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; 

Toxicity Characteristics Revisions; Final Rule." Federal Register, 55(61): 11798-28895. March 29. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1990e. "National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; Final Rule." 

Federal Register, 55(46). March 8. 

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RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document 

Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 

U.S. EPA. 1990f. Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/8-89/043. Office of Research and Development, 

Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. March. 

U.S. EPA. 	1990g. Statistics of Aquifer Material Properties and Empirical pH-dependent Partitioning 

Relationships for As (III), As (V), Ba(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Sb(V), Se(IV), 

Tl(I), and Zn(II). Office of Research and Development, Athens GA; edited by N. T. Loux,, C. R. 

Chafin, and S. M. Hassan. March. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1990h. User's Manual for EPA's Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML). Office of Solid 

Waste, Washington, DC. 

U.S. EPA. 1991a. 	Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume I - Human Health Evaluation Manual 

(Part B, Development of Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals). EPA/540/R-92/003; 

Publication 9285.7-01B. Office of Research and Development, Office of Emergency and Remedial 

Response, Washington, D.C. December. 

U.S. EPA.	 1991b. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; 

Proposed Use of EPA’s Composite Model for Landfills (EPACML) and Proposed Exclusion." 

Federal Register, 56(138): 32993-33012. July 18. 

U.S. EPA. 	1991c. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual, 

Supplemental Guidance, "Standard Default Exposure Factors". Interim Final. OSWER Directive: 

9285.6-03. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Toxics Integration Branch, Washington, 

D.C. March 25. 

U. S. EPA. 1991d. MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, A Geochemical Assessment Model for Environmental Systems: 

Version 3.0 User's Manual. EPA/600/3-91/021. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, 

Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, GA. March. 

U.S. EPA. 1992a. "Guidelines for Exposure Assessment; Notice." Federal Register, 57(104): 22888-22938. 

May 29. 

U.S. 	EPA. 1992b. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications. Interim Report. 

EPA/600/8-91/011B. Office of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental 

Assessment, Exposure Assessment Group, Washington, D.C. January. 

U.S. EPA. 	1992c. Health Assessment for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Related 

Compounds. Chapters 1 to 8. Workshop Review Draft. EPA/600/AP-92/001a through 001h. Office 

of Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. 

August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1992d. Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-92/001. Risk Assessment 

Forum, Washington, D.C. February. 

U.S. EPA. 	1993a. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Surface Water Resulting from 

Conversion System’s Petitioned Waste. August 27. 

U.S. EPA. 	1993b. Parameter Values for the EPA’s Composite Module for Landfills (EPACML) Used in 

Developing Nationwide Regulations: Toxicity Characteristic Rule. Office of Solid Waste, 

Washington, D.C. 

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U.S. EPA. 	1993c. Docket Report on Evaluation of Air Emissions Resulting from Conversion Systems, Inc.’s 

Petitioned Waste. September 9. 

U.S. EPA. 	1993d. Addendum to the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect 

Exposure to Combustor Emissions. External Review Draft. EPA/600/AP-93/003. Office of 

Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment 

Group, Washington, D.C. November. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1993e. Environmental Fate Constants for Organic Chemicals under Consideration for EPA’s 

Hazardous Waste Identification Projects. U. S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Office 

of Research and Development, Athens, GA. Edited by Kollig, Heinz. 

U.S. EPA. 	1994a. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Air from U.S. DOE Hanford's 

Petitioned Waste. May 27. 

U.S. EPA. 	1994b. Health Assessment Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 

Related Compounds, Volume III of III. External Review Draft. EPA/600/BP-92/001c. Office of 

Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, D.C. 

August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1994c. Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds. Volume II: Properties, Sources, 

Occurrence, and Background Exposures. External Review Draft. EPA/600/6-88/005Cb. Office of 

Research and Development, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Exposure Assessment 

Group, Washington, D.C. June. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1994d. Draft Guidance for Performing Screening Level Risk Analyses at Combustion Facilities 

Burning Hazardous Wastes. Attachment C, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for RCRA 

Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities. April 15. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1994e. Revised Draft Guidance for Performing Screening Level Risk Analyses at Combustion 

Facilities Burning Hazardous Wastes. Attachment C, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for 

RCRA Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 

Office of Solid Waste. December 14. 

U.S. EPA 1994f. "Ecological Screening Values". 	 In: Ecological Risk Assessment Bulletin No. 2. Waste 

Management Division, U.S. EPA Region IV, Atlanta, GA. 

U.S. EPA. 	1994g. Draft Revision, Implementation Guidance for Conducting Indirect Exposure Analysis at 

RCRA Combustion Units. Attachment, Draft Exposure Assessment Guidance for RCRA Hazardous 

Waste Combustion Facilities. April 22. 

U.S. EPA.	 1994h. Memorandum. "Subject: Revised Interim Soil Lead Guidance for CERCLA Sites and 

RCRA Corrective Action Facilities." OSWER Directive 9355.4-12. From Elliot P. Laws, Assistant 

Administrator. To Regional Administrators Regions I - X. July 14. 

U.S. EPA. 1995a. "Hazardous Waste Management System: Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste: 

Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR)." Federal Register, 60(245): 66344-66469. December 

21. 

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U.S. EPA. 	1995b. Technical Support Document for the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk 

Assessment for Human and Ecological Receptors. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. 

August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1996a. Application of EPACMTP to Region 6 Delisting Program: Development of Waste 

Volume-Specific Dilution Attenuation Factors. August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1996b. EPACMTP Background Document. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. 

September. 

U.S. EPA. 1996c. EPACMTP Background Document for the Finite Source Methodology for Chemicals with 

Transformation Products and Implementation of the HWIR. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, 

D.C. September. 

U.S. EPA. 	1996d. Background Document for EPACMTP: Metals Transport in the Subsurface, Volume 1: 

Methodology. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1996e. The Region 6 RCRA Delisting Program Guidance Manual for the Petitioner. U.S. EPA 

Region 6, Dallas, TX. March 21. 

U.S. EPA. 	1996f. Soil Screening Guidance: User’s Guide. Second Edition. EPA/540/R-96/018. 

Publication 9355.4-23. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and 

Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. July. 

U.S. EPA. 1996g. Integrated Risk Information System. Database on the Toxicology Information Network. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1996h. PCBs: Cancer Dose-Response Assessment and Application to Environmental Mixtures. 

EPA/600/P-96/001F. Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental 

Assessment, Washington, D.C. September. 

U.S. EPA.	 1996i. "Ecotox Thresholds." ECO Update 3(2):1-12. EPA/540/F-95/038. Publication 9345.0­

12FSI. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial 

Response, Washington, D.C. January. 

U.S. EPA. 	1997a. Supplemental Background Document; NonGroundwater Pathway Risk Assessment; 

Petroleum Process Waste Listing Determination. 68-W6-0053. Office of Solid Waste, Research 

Triangle Park, North Carolina. March 20. 

U.S. EPA. 	1997b. Exposure Factors Handbook, Volumes I, II, and III. EPA/600/P-95/002Fabc. Office of 

Research and Development, Washington, D.C. August. 

U.S. EPA. 	1997c. Docket Report on Evaluation of Contaminant Releases to Surface Water Resulting 

from Conversion System’s Petitioned Waste. July 28. 

U.S. EPA. 	1997d. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol. US EPA Region 6, Dallas, TX, and Office 

of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. 

U.S. EPA. 1997e. 	EPA's Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products, 

EPACMTP: User’s Guide. Office of Solid Waste, Washington, D.C. 

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U.S. EPA. 	1997f. Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables, FY 1997 Update. 9200.6-303 (97-1). EPA 

540/R-97-036. Office of Research and Development, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency 

Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. Prepared for National 

Center for Environmental Assessment. July. 

U.S. EPA. 1997g. "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA Publication 

SW-846." Federal Register, 62(114): 32452. Friday, June 13. 

U. S. EPA. 	1997h. Analysis of EPA’s Industrial Subtitle D Databases used in Groundwater Pathway 

Analysis of the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (HWIR). Office of Solid Waste, Washington, 

DC. September. 

U.S. EPA. 	1998a. The Region 6 RCRA Delisting Risk Assessment Software User’s Manual. U.S. EPA 

Region 6, Dallas, TX. October. 

U.S. EPA. 	1998b. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion 

Facilities, Volume One. Peer Review Draft. EPA530-D-98-001A. Office of Solid Waste and 

Emergency Response. July. 

U.S. EPA.	 1998c. "Hazardous Waste Management System; Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste; 

Petroleum Refining Process Wastes; Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified Wastes; and 

CERCLA Hazardous Substance Designation and Reportable Quantities." Federal Register, 63(151): 

42110. August 6. 

U.S. EPA.	 1998d. "National Recommended Water Quality Criteria; Notice; Republication." Federal 

Register, 63(237): 68354-68364. December 10. 

U.S. EPA. 	 1998e. Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion 

Facilities. Draft Interim Final. April. 

U.S. EPA. 1999. 	EPA's Composite Model for Leachate Migration with Transformation Products 

(EPACMTP) Background Document for Metals; Volume 2: Sorption Isotherms. Office of Solid 

Waste, Washington, DC. August. 

U.S. EPA. 	2001. Industrial Surface Impoundments in the United States. EPA530-R-01-005. Office of 

Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. March. 

U.S. EPA 2003a. 	EPACMTP Technical Background Document. EPA530-R-03-006. Office of Solid 

Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. April. 

U.S. EPA 2003b. 	EPACMTP Parameters/ Data Background Document. EPA530-R-03-003. Office of 

Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC. April. 

U.S. EPA	 2005. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion 

Facilities, (Final). EPA530-R-05-006. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 

Washington, DC. September. 

U.S. EPA 2006. Memorandum, Subject: Updates to DRAS Toxicity Values, Mangino, M. Ph.D., et al, 

U.S. EPA Region 5 Delisting Program, Chicago, Illinois. February 3. 

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RCRA Delisting Technical Support Document 

Chapter 6: References Revised October 2008 

Visher, S.S. 1954. Climatic Atlas of the United States. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 

Cambridge, MA. Oxford University Press, London. 

Westat. 1987. Nationwide Survey of Industrial Subtitle D Landfills. 

Wischmeier, W.H. and D.D. Smith. 1978. Predicting Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the 

Rocky Mountains. USDA Handbook, No. 282. Agricultural Research Service. 

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