p. 1 

# PICK-UPDATE : 3/15/200 7 BO X O F 

# 3 0 Ste p 2 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### (PART B o

f B )


# EP A DOCKE T ID : 102RQ-R N 1 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 6 3 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 8 5 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 0 7 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 2 9 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 4 11 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 6 13 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 8 15 ) 102RQ-RN-5-3 0 17 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 1 19 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 3 21 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 5 23 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 7 25 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 9 27 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 1 29 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 3 31 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 5 33 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 7 35 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 9 37 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 1 39 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 3 Ste p 3 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y CD : OA : / 

# 2 ) fl02RQ-RN-5-17^ > 4 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 9 6 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 1 8 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 3 10 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 5 12 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 7 14 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 9 16 ) 102RQ-RN-5-3 2 18 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 2 20 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 4 22 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 6 24 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 8 26 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 0 28 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 2 30 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 4 32 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 6 34 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 8 36 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 0 38 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 2 40 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 4 Ste p 1 : FO R ASR

C INTERNA L US E ONL Y . ^ \ Are there more document s fo r thi s Docke t i n anothe r box ? *YES/ 7 N O J *Fil l ou t Continuatio n Shee t an d g o t o Ste p 2 \__^y Interna l SFUN D Bo

x Numbe r _3 6 O F _28 3 Initials/Date : LDS__/_3-15-2007 _P. 2 

# X - / ^ 'Wfc ^ 

### U.S . NUCLEA R REGULATORY COMMISSIO N Revisio n 1 .Jul y1977

»*• * 

# REGULATOR Y GUID E

OFFIC E O F STANDARD S DEVELOPMEN T 

## /Q^Q-/?A(~5* V 

## / 7

REGULATOR

Y GUID E 1.11 1 METHOD S FO R ESTIMATIN G ATMOSPHERI C TRANSPOR

T AND.DISPERSIO N O F GASEOU S EFFLUENT S IN-ROUTIN E RELEASE S FRO M LIGHT-WATER-COOLE D REACTOR S



# V USNR C REGULATOR Y GUIDE S Regulator y Guide s ar e issue d t o describ e an d mak e availabl e t o th e publi c method s acceptabl e tt\th e NR C staf f o f implementin g specifi c part s o f th e Commission' s regulations , t o delineat e technique s use d b y th e staf f i n evaluatin g specifi c problem s o r postulate d accidents , o r t o provid e guidanc e t o applicants . Regulator y Guide s ar e no t substitute s fo r regulations , an d complianc e wit h the m i s no t required . Method s »nd

solution s differen t fro m thos e se t ou t i n th e guide s wil l b e accept abl e i f the y provid e a basi s fo r th e finding s requisit e t o th e issuanc e o r continuanc e o f a permi t o r licens e b y th e Commission . Comment s an d suggestion s fo r improvement s i n thes e guide s ar e encourage d a t al l times , an d guide s wil l b e revised , a s appropriate , t o accommodat e comment s an d t o reflec t ne winformatio n o r experience . Thi s guid e wa s revise d a s a resul t o f substantiv e comment s receive d fro m th e publi c an d additiona l staf f review . Comment s shoul d b e sen t t o th e Secretar y o f th e Commission , US . Nuclea r Regu lator y Commission , Washington , DC , 20555 , Attention : Docketin g an d Servic e Branch . Th e guide s ar e issue d i n th e followin g te n broa d division s 1 . Powe r Reactor s 2 . Researc h an d Tes t Reactor s - 3 . Fuel s an d Material s Facilitie s 4 . Environmenta l an d Sitin g 5 . Material s an d Plan t Protectio n 6 . Product s 7 . Transportatio n 8 . Occupationa l Healt h 9 . Antitrus t Revie w 10 . Genera l Reguest s fo r singl e copie s o f issue d guide s (whic h ma y b e reproduced ) o r fo r plac* - men t o n a n automati c distributio n lis t fo r singl e copie s o f futur e guide s i n specifi c division s shoul d b e mad e i n writin g t o th e US . Nuclea r Regulator y Commission , Washington , D.C . 20555 , Attention : Oirector , Divisio n o f Documen t Control .P. 3

» * » «0</ ^ 

### U.S . NUCLEA R REGULATOR Y COMMISSIO N Revisio n 1 Jul y1977

**** * 

# REGULATOR Y GUID E

OFFIC E O F STANDARD S DEVELOPMEN T

REGULATOR

Y G l METHOD S FOR EST TRANSPOR

T AN D DISP E -I N ROUTIN E RELEASE S F l TMOSPHERI C GASEOU S EFFLUENT S WATER-COOLE D REACTOR S

USNR C REGULATOR Y GUIDE S Regulator y Guide s ar c issue d t o describ e an d mak e availabl e t o th e publi c method s acceptabl e t o th e NR C staf f o f implementin g specifi c part s o f th e Commission' s regulations , t o delineat e technique s use d b y tn e staf f i n evaluatin g specifi c problem s o r postulate d accidents , o r t o provid e guidanc e t o applicants . Regulator y Guide s are - no t substitute s fo r regulations , an d complianc e wit h the m i s no t required . Method s an d solution s differen t fro m thos e se t ou t i n th e guide s wil l b e accept abl e i t the y provid e a basi s fo r th e finding s requisit e t o th e issuanc e o r continuanc e o f a permi t o r licens e b v tri e Commmion . Comment s an d lugpestta m fo r improvement s i n thos e guide s ar e encourage d a t al l times , an d guide s wil l b e revised , a s appropriate , t o accommodat e comment s en d t o reflec t ne winformatio n o r experience . Thi s guid e wa a revise d a s a resul t o f substantiv e comment s receive d fro m th e publi c an d additiona l staf f Comment s shoul d b e sen t t o th e Secretar y o f th e Commission , US . Nuclea r Regu lator y Commission , Washington . D.C . 20555 , Attention : Docketin g an d Servic e Branch . Th e guide s ar e issue d i n th e followin g te n broa d divisions : 1 . Powe r Reactor s 2 . Researc h an d Tes t Reactor s 3 . Fust s an d Material s Facilitie s 4 . Environmenta l an d Sitin g 5 . Material s an d Plan t Protectio n 6 . Product s 7 . Transportatio n 8 . Occupationa l Healt h 9 . Antitrus t Revie w 10 . Genera l Request s fo r singl e copie s o f issue d guide s (whic h ma y b e reproduced ) o r fo r place men t o n &n

automati c distributio n lis t fo r singl e copie s o l futur e guide s i n specifi c division s shoul d b e mad e i n writin g t o th e US . Nuclea r Regulator y Commttsmn . Washington . O.C . 20555 . Attention : Director , Divisio n o f Documen t Control .P. 4

/



### TABL E O F CONTENT S Pag e . . .

A . INTRODUCTION.,.... ' .;...' . ,'. ' 1.111- 5 B . DISCUSSION

, 1.111- 5 1 . Diffusio nModels... . 1.111- 5 a . Variabl e Trajector y Models . ...................1.111- 6 b . Constan t Mea

n Min d Directio n Models.... . ^..'.... " , 1.111- 6 2 . Releas e Mod

e 1.111- 6 3 . Remova l Mechanism s 1.111- 7 C . REGULATOR

Y POSITION... . .1.111- 7 1 . Atmospheri c Transpor t an d Diffusio n Models.. . 1.111- 7 a . Part1cle-1n-Cel l (PIC ) Model.....".... .... z 1.1T1- 7 b . Plum e Elemen t Model s a';l. . ... " ,.. . *............- .1.111-8 - c . Constan t Mea

n Hin d Directio n Model s r . 1.111- 9 '•' ' 1 • ' • 

### 2 . Sourc e Configuratio nConsldenrtfon s ^ -1.111-1 0

- a . Elevate dReleases... . ........-/.:......... . "1.111-1 0 b . Release s Othe r Tha nElevate df . 111-1 1 c . Buildin g Wak e Correctio n•..,; ' 1.111-1 1 3 . Remova l Mecbanls m

Consideration s : 1.111-1 2 a . Radioactiv e Deca y

1.111-1 2 b . Dr y Depositio n^ 1.111-1 2 c . We t Depositio nX ,..- . 1.111-1 2 d . Depositio nOve r Wate r .. . ..."...... . 1.111^1- 3 4 . Meteorologica l Dat a fo r Model s _..:.,.. . 1.111-1 3 D . IMPLEMENTA T IO

N 1-111-1 4 REFERENCE S 1.111-1 5

1.111- 3P. 5



### LIS T O F FIGURE S Figur e Pag e 1 . .Vertica l Standar dDeviatio no f Materia l i na Plum e 1.111-1 6 2 . Plum

e Depletio nEffec t fo r Ground-Leve l Release s 1.111-1 7 3 . Plum

e Depletio nEffec t fo r 30- m Releases . 1.111-1 8 4" . Plum

e Depletio nEffec t fo r 60- m Release s : ..... 1.111-1 9 5. " Plum

e Depletio nEffec t fo r 10Q-n r Releases.. . 1.111-2 0 6 . Relativ e Depositio nfo r Ground-Leve l Releases. ..'-. . ..;...; ; 1.111-2 1 7 . . Relativ e Depositio nfor . 30- m Release s " . 1.111-2 2 8 . Relativ e Depositio nfo r 60- m Release s ......' . 1.111-2 3 9 . Relativ e Depositio nfo r 100- m Releases . 1.111-2 4

1.111- 4P. 6

y

A . INTRODUCTION Sectio n20.106 , "Radioactivit y inEffluent s t o Unrestricte dAreas, " o f 1 0 CFRPar t 20 , "Standard s fo r Protectio nAgains t Radiation, " establishe s limit s o nconcentration s o f radio activ e materia l i neffluent s t o unrestricte dareas . Paragrap h20.1(c ) o f 1 0 CF RPar t 2 0 state s tha t licensee s should , i nadditio nt o complyin g wit hthe limit s se t fort hintha t part , mak e ever y reasonabl e effor t t o maintai nradiatio nexposures , andrelease s o f radioactiv e material s "i neffluent s t o unrestricte dareas , a s fa r belo w th e limit s specifie di ntha t par t a s i s reason abl y achievable . Sectio n50.34a , "Desig nObjective s fo r Equipmen t t o Contro l Release s o f Radioactiv e Materia l i nEffluent s - Nuclea r Powe r Reactors, " o f 1 0 CF RPar t 50 , "Licensin g o f Productio nandUtiliza tio nFacilities, " set s fort hdesig nobjective s fo r equipmen t t o contro l release s o f radioactiv e materia l i neffluent s fro m nuclea r powe r reactors . Sectio n50.36a , "Technica l Specification s o n Effluent s fro

m Nuclea r Powe r Reactors, " o f 1 0 CF RPar t 5 0 furthe r provide s that , i norde r t o kee ppowe r reacto r effluen t release s a s lo w a s i s reasonabl y

achievable , eac hlicens e author izing operatio no f suc ha facilit y wil l includ e technica l specification s tha t requir e establish men t o f operatin g procedure s fo r effluen t control , installatio nan dmaintenanc e o f effluen t contro l equipment , andreportin g o f actua l releases . Appendi xI , "Numerica l Guide s fo r Desig nObjective s andLimitin g Condition s fo r Operatio n t o Mee t th e Criterio n'A s Low A s I s Reasonabl y

Achievable ' fo r Radioactiv e Materia l i nLight Water-Coole dNuclea r Powe r Reactor.Effluents, " t o 1 0 CF RPar t 5 0 provide s numerica l guidanc e fo r thos e desig nobjective s an dlimitin g condition s fo r operatio nfo r light-water-coole d nuclea r : powe r plants . T o implemen t Appendi xI , the.NR C staf f ha s develope da serie s o f guide s providin g acceptabl e method s fo r th e calculatio no f effluen t releases , dispersio no f th e effluen t I nthe . atmospher e andwate r bodies , an d associate dradiatio ndose s t o man . Thi s guid e describe s basi c feature s o f calculationa l model s and-assumption s fo r th e estimatio no f atmospheri c transpor t an d~ dispersio no f gaseou s effluent s i nroutin e release s fro m land-base dlight-water-coole d reactors . Th e procedure s andmodel s provide di nthi s guid e wil l b e subjec t t o continuin g revie w b y th e staf f wit hth e ai m o f providin g greate r flexibilit y t o the applicant I nmeetin g th e require ment s o f AppendixI . A s a resul t o f suc hreview , i t i s expecte dtha t alternativ e acceptabl e method s fo r calculatio nwil l b e mad e availabl e t o applicant s an dtha t calculationa l procedure s foundt o b e unnecessar y wil l b e eliminated . Thi s guid e supersede s portion s o f Regulator y Guid e 1.42 ; Revisio n1 , "interi m Licensin g Polic y o nA s Low

As-Practicabl e fo r Gaseou s Radioiodin e Release s fro m Light-Water-Coole dNuclea r Powe r Reactors,. " whic hha s bee hwithdraw n(se e 4 1 FR1189.1 , 3/22/76) . j *

. . - --•"; . - •- ' B . DISCUSSION . Th e transport anddilutio no f >adioact1v e material s i nth e for m o f aerosols , vapors , o r gase s release dint o the.atmospher e fro m a nuclea r powe r statio nar e a functio no f th e stat e o f th e atmospher e alon g th e plume path , th e topograph y o f th e region , andth e characteristic s o f th e effluent s themselves . Fo r a routin e airborn e release , th e concentratio no f radioactiv e materia l i nth e surroundin g regio ndepend s o nth e amoun t o f effluen t released ; th e heigh t o f th e release ; th e momentu

m andbuoyanc y

o f th e emitte dplume ; th e windspeed , atmospheri c stability , andairflow

pattern s o f th e site ; andvariou s effluen t remova l mechanisms . Geographi c feature s suc ha s hills , valleys , andlarg e bodie s o f wate r greatl y Influenc e dispersio nan dairflo w patterns . Surfac e roughness , includin g vegetativ e cover , affect s th e degre e o f turbulen t mixing. . Site s wit hsimila r topographica l andcllmatologlca l feature s ca nhav e simila r dispersio nand airflow patterns , bu t detaile ddispersio npattern s ar e usuall y uniqu e fo r eac hsite . Mos t gaseou s effluent s ar e release dfro m nuclea r powe r plant s throug htal l stack s o r vent s nea r th e top s o f buildings . Certai nplan t design s ca nresul t inothe r releas e pathways . Fo r example , auxiliar y

equipmen t andmajo r component s suc ha s turbine s ma y b e house doutsid e build ings ; release s fro

m thes e component s coul doccu r nea r groundlevel . 1 . Diffusio nModel s Atmospheri c diffusio nmodelin g ha s develope dalon g two basi c approaches : gradient-transpor t theor y andstatistica l theory . Gradient-transpor t theor y hold s tha t diffusio na t a fixe d poin t *L1ne s indicat e substantiv e change s fro m previou s issue . 1.111- 5P. 7



### i nth e atmospher e i s proportiona l t o th e loca l concentratio ngradient ; thi s theory attempt s t o determin e momentu

m o r materia l fluxe s a t fixe dpoints . Th e statistica l (e.g. , Gaussian ) approac h attempt s it

o determin e th e historie s o f Individua l particle s an dth e statistica l propertie s necessar y t o represen t diffusion . Inpu t dat a fo r model s base doneithe r approac hinclud e wind speed , atmospheri c stability , an dairflow pattern s i nth e regio no f interest . Severa l basi c model s hav e bee ndevelope dusing thes e approaches . Thes e model s vary accordin g t o thei r treat men t o f th e spatia l change s o f inpu t dat a andth e consideratio no f eithe r a variabl e trajector y .node l orll a constan t meanwin ddirectio nmodel . l ! *....-• • . . 

### a. 1 

### ; Variabl e Trajector y Model s ; Variabl e trajector y

model s allow

condition s t o var y

spatiall y

andtemporall y

ove r th e regio no f Interest ; thus , they requir e regiona l data . Th e numbe r o f samplin g location s neede d t o approximat e th e regiona l airflow depend s o nth e meteorologica l an dtopographica l character- ? istie s ol f tha t region . Th e part1cle-1n-cel l mode l i s a variabl e trajector y mode l based'o nth e gradient - . transpor t approach . Inthi s model , "particles. " representin g th e effluen t mas s ar e release d1 n group s oye r th e tim

e perio do f Interest . Th e particle s mov e a t th e effectiv e transpor t velocit y o f th e windflo w

fiel dInt o whic hth e effluen t I s released . Th e effectiv e velocity * 1 s determine d b y th e meanandturbulen t wlndflow s withi nth e field . Th e numbe r o f particle s locate da t an y give ntime 1 neac hcel l (volume) o f a fixe dcoordinat e gri ddetermine s th e effluen t concen tration. ! Concentratio naverage s ar e determine dfro m th e tota l numbe r o f particle s tha t pas s throug ha cel l durin g th e time o f Interest . ~\

Th e plum e elemen t models , anothe r clas s o f variabl e trajector y models , ar e based , o n th e statistica l approac ht o diffusion . Thes e model s approximat e a continuou s releas e b y dividin g a plume Int o a sufficien t numbe r o f plume element s t o represen t a continuou s plume . Thes e element s are/telease da t specifie dInterval s andar e tracke dove r th e regio no f Interest . Th e advectiv e transpor t o f thes e element s andth e diffusio no f th e element s abou t thei r "Individua l center s caus e "th

e dispersio no f th e plume effluent . Concentratio naverage s ar e calculate db y determining - tq e contributio neach - element-make s t o th e gri do f point s ove r whic hi t passes. . . b . Constant MeanWin dDirectio nModel s Constant mea nwin ddirectio nmodel s assume tha t a constan t mea nwin dtransport s and " . diffuse s effluents , withi nth e entir e regio no f Interest , 1nth e directio no f airflo w a t -th e release;point . A

conmonl y use dversio no f thi s mode l 1 s th e Gaussia nstraight-line-trajectory " model . Inthi s model , th e wlndspee dandatmospheri c stabilit y a t th e releas e poin t ar e assune d t o determin e th e atmospheri c dispersio ncharacteristic s inth e directio no f th e mea nwin da t al l distances . Thes e basi c model s ca nb e modifie dt o accoun t fo r variou s mode s o f effluen t releas e andfo r effluen t remova l mechanisms . - " •:'". . 2 . . Releas e Mod e . : - - V A t ground-leve l location s beyondsevera l mile s fro m th e plant , th e annua l averag e concen tration s o f effluent s ar e essentiall y Independen t o f th e releas e mode ; however , fo r ground leve l concentration s withi na few miles , th e releas e mod e 1 s very : 

### Important. . "

. Fo r a typica l nuclea r powe r plant , gaseou s effluent s release dfro m tal l stack s generall y producejpea k ground-leve l ai r concentration s nea r o r beyon dth e sit e boundary ; near-ground leve l release s usuall y

produc e concentration s tha t monotonicall y decreas e fro

m th e releas e poin t t o al l location s downwind . Unde r certai nconditions , th e effluen t plum e ma y becom e entraine dI nth e aerodynami c wak e o f th e buildin g andmi xrapidl y dow nt o groundlevel ; unde r . othe r conditions , th e ful l effec t o f th e elevatio no f th e releas e ma y b e realized . - Method s hav e bee ndevelope dt o estimat e th e effectiv e releas e height'fo r calculation s o f effluent concentration s a t al l downwin dlocations . Th e Importan t parameter s 1 nthes e method s Include!th e initia l releas e height , th e locatio no f th e releas e poin t i nrelatio nt o obstruc tions , Ith e siz e andshap e o f th e releas e point , th e Initia l vertica l velocit y o f th e effluent , th e hea t conten t o f th e effluent , ambien t wlndspee dandtemperature , andatmospheri c stability . Foi r thos e effluent s tha t ar e entraine dInt o th e aerodynami c wak e o f a building , mixin g o f th e effluen t Int o th e wak e I s usuall y assumed . Thi s mixin g zon e ca nconstitut e a plume wit ha n Initia l cros s sectio no f one-hal f o r mor e o f th e cross-sectiona l are a o f th e building . 1.111- 6P. 8

V 3 . Remova l Mechanism s

A s th e effluen t travel s fro m It s releas e point , severa l mechanism s ca nwor k t o reduc e It s concentratio nbeyondtha t achieve db y diffusio nalone . Suc hremova l mechanism s includ e radio activ e deca y

an ddry andwe t deposition . Radioactiv e deca y

I s dependen t o nth e half-Uf e an dth e trave l tim

e o f th e radioactiv e effluent . Al l effluent s ca nunderg o dry depositio nb

y sorptio nont o th e ground.surface ; however , th e dr y

depositio nrat e fo r nobl e gases , tritium , carbon-14 , an d nonelementa l radio iodine s 1 s s o slo

w tha t depletio n1 s negligibl e withi n5 0 mile s o f th e releas e point . Elementa l radioiodine s andothe r particulate s ar e muc hmor e readil y deposited . Th e transfe r o f elementa l radioiodinesan d particulate s t o a surfac e ca nb e quantifie da s a transfe r velocit y (wher e con centratio nxtransfe r velocity " depositio nrate) . Ther e I s evidenc e tha t th e transfe r velocit y i s directl y

proportiona l t o wlndspee dand , a s a consequence , th e rat e o f depositio n1 s Independ en t o f wlndspee dsinc e concentratio nI nai r i s Inversel y proportiona l t o wlndspeed .

. Dr y depositio nI s a continuous.proces s whil e we t depositio nonl y occur s durin g period s o f precipitation . However , th e dr y remova l proces s i s no t a s efficien t a s th e we t remova l process . A t mos t sites , precipitatio noccur s durin g a smal l percentag e o f th e hour s i na yea r s o that , despit e th e greate r efficienc y o f th e we t remova l process , dos e calculation s fo r long-term average s considerin g onl y dr y depositio nshoul dno t b e significantl y change db

y th e con sideratio no f we t deposition . However , we t depositio nca nb e a significan t facto r I ndos e calculation s fo r release s fro m stack s a t site s wher e a well-define drainy seaso ncorrespond s t o th e loca l grazin g season . Depositio no f radionuclide s ove r larg e bodie s o f wate r 1 s no t considere di nthi s guide . Suc hdepositio nwil l b e analyze do na case-by-cas e basis . C . REGULATOR YPOSITION : Thi s sectio nidentifies^type s o f atmospheric , transpor t anddiffusio nmodels , sourc e config uratio nandremova l mechanis m modifications , an dInpu t dat a that-ar e acceptabl e t o th e NR C staf f fo r us e i nprovidin g assessment' s .'"of" potential , annua l radiatio ndose s t o th e publi c result in g fro m routin e release s o f radioactiv e material s ingaseou s effluents . Th e listin g o f th e atmospheri c transpor t anddiffusio nmodel s belo w i s presente di norde r o f decreasin g mode l complexit y andshoul dno t b e construe da s Indicatin g th e preferenc e o f any on e typ e o f mode l ove r another . Th e preferre dmode l i s tha t whic hbes t simulate s atmospheri c transpor t anddiffusio n1nth e regio no f interes t fro m sourc e t o th e recepto r location , consider in g th e meteorologica l characteristic s o f th e region , th e topography , th e characteristic s o f th e effluen t sourc e andth e effluen t a s wel l a s th e receptor , th e availabilit y andrepresentative nes s o f Inpu t data , th e distanc e fro m sourc e t o receptor , andth e eas e o f application . Model s propose db

y th e applican t an

daccepte db

y th e NR C staf f wil l .b e use db y th e staf f indeterminin g environmenta l technica l specifications . 1 . Atmospheri c Transpor t andDiffusio nModel s ~ ••"." _ Th e followin g type s o f atmospheri c transpor t an ddiffusio nmodel s ca nbe modifie dfo r elevate dsource s andfo r effectiv e are a source s create dwhe neffluent'1 s trappe di nth e buildin g wak e cavit y

i naccordanc e wit hth e sourc e configuratio nconsideration s presente di nregulator y positio n2 . Plume ris e du e t o momentu m o r buoyanc y

effect s ca nals o b e incorporate dint o th e calculations . Radiologica l deca y anddry andwe t deposition , consisten t wit hth e guideline s presente di nregulator y positio n3 , shoul dals o b e considered . a . Particle-ln-Cel l (PIC ) Mode l Th e basi c equatio nfo r eac h"particle " grou pinthi s variabl e trajector y model , modifie dfro

m Sklare w (Ref . 1) , 1s : 

## «Q/« t + v-V(7 ) = 0 0 ) wher e t I s th e trave l time ;

V I s th e velocit y

vecto r fo r effectiv e mea nwin dtransport , whic hInclude s th e mea nflow

component , V , andth e turbulen t flow component , V , suc htha t V = > 7+V ; and 1.111- 7P. 9



## (7 ) i s th e averag e atmospheri c concentratio nproduce db y a grou pof-particles . Concentratio naverage s fo r long tim e interval s ar e obtaine db y summin g al l "particles " passin g throug heac hgri dcel l durin g the perio do f interest .

Th e PI C mode l use s spatia l an dtempora l variation s o f wind direction , wlndspeed , atmospheri c stability , an dtopograph

y a s inpu t parameter s t o defin e airflow andatmospheri c diffusion ! rates . Th e representativenes s o f th e inpu t dat a determine s th e accurac y o f estimate s (I.e. , fewe r dat a acquisitio nlocation s ten dt o Increas e th e uncertaint y o f th e estimates); , therefore , detaile ddiscussio no f th e applicabilit y an daccurac y

o f th e mode l an

dinpu t dat a use dshoul db e provided . b . Plume Elemen t Model s Inthes e type s o f models , th e transpor t an ddispersio no f a

neffluen t plume ar e deter mine db y usin g a horizonta l windfiel dtha t ca nvary 1ntime an

dspace . Th e diffusio no f individua l plum e elements , accordin g t o Giffor d(Ref . 2) , ca nb e determine dfro m th e genera l Gaussia ndiffusio nmodel . Commonj y use dplum e segmen t element s ar e vertica l "disk " segnent s - " an dthree-dimensiona l "puffs. " I nusin g th e "puff " version , i f i t 1 s assume dtha t th e plum e sprea dwithi na puf f alon g th e directio nof ; flow i s equa l t o th e sprea di nth e latera l direction , th e "dis k segment " and"puff " version s o f thi s mode l woul db e expecte dt o yiel dsimila r results .

A nequatio nfo r a "puff " versio no f a fluctuatin g plume model , a s presente db y Star t andWende l (Ref . 3) , is :

X/ Q = 2[(2 1 r) 3/2 a2 0z r 1 exp[-l/2(r 2 /c J +.h 2 /o 2 ) ] wher e 

### (2 )

r 2 = ( x- ut) 2 + y 2 and _
andwher e y

° x 1 s th e effectiv e releas e height ; i s th e effluen t emissio nove r th e time interval ; i s th e trave l time ; i s th e mea nwlndspee da t th e heigh t o f th e effectiv e releas e point ; i s th e distance_from

cente r o f puf f alon g th e directio no f flow ; i s th e distance-from

cente r o f puf f inth e crossflow direction ; i s th e plume sprea dalon g th e direction-o f flow ; i s th e latera l plume spread ; i s th e vertica l plume spread ; an d i s th e atmospheri c concentratio no f effluen t i na puf f a t groun dleve l and a t distanc e xfro

m th e puf f center . - . Concentratio naverage s fo r long tim e interval s shoul db e calculate db y summin g th e concentration s o f individua l element s fo r th e gri do f point s ove r whic hthe y pass . Th e numbe r o f element s an dth e plume.sprea d parameter s (o x , o , ando ) shoul db e selecte dsuc htha t th e resultin g concentratio nestimat e 1 s representativ e o f th e concentratio n fro m a continuou s poin t sourc e release . Element s shoul db e followe di nth e computationa l schem e unti l the y

ar e beyon dth e regio no f interes t o r unti l thei r pea k concentratio nfall s below a specifie dvalue .
1.111- 8P.1 0

Th e plume segmen t mode l use s spatia l an d tempora l variation s o f wind direction , wlndspeed , an

d atmospheri c stabilit y a s Inpu t parameter s t o defin e th e transpor t an d diffusio n rat e o f eac helement . Th e effectivenes s o f th e meteorologica l Inpu t dat a i n definin g atmospheri c transpor t an

d diffusio ncondition s i s dependen t on th e representativenes s o f thes e dat a an d th e complexit y

o f th e topography

1 n th e sit e region ; therefore , a detaile d discussio no f the appli cabilit y an d accurac y

o f th e mode l an

d Inpu t dat a use d shoul d b e provided . c . Constan t Mea nWind Directio nModel s Th e equatio nfo r thi s model , a s presente d b y Sagendor f (Ref . 4) , 1s : OT^o = 2.03 2 T nj^NXu^Wr 1 exp[-h 2 /2a^(X) ] J 

### (3 ) wher e 

### 'l

j

a z j (X ) *zj< X > 

## W) r i s th e effectiv e releas e heigh t (se e regulator y positio n2) ; I s th e lengt ho f time (hour s o f vali d data ) weathe r condition s ar e observe d t o b e a t a give nwind direction , wlndspee d class , 1 , and atmospheri c stabilit y

class , J ; 1 s th e tota l hour s o f vali d data ; 1 s th e midpoin t o f wlndspee d class , 1 , a t a heigh t representativ e o f release ; 1 s th e distanc e downwind o f th e source ; 1 s th e vertica l plume sprea d withou t volumetri c correctio na t distance , X , fo r stabilit y

class , J (se e Figur e 1) ; i s th e vertica l plume sprea d wit ha volumetri c correctio n(se e regulator y ~ positio n2.c ) for V

re l eas e withi nth e building ; wak e cavity , a t a distance , -X , fo r stabilit y

class , j ; otherwis e E,.|(X ) 

### o^X) ; i s th e averag e effluen t concentration , x » normalize d b

y sourc e strength , Q' , at.distance , X , Ina give ndownwind direction , D ; an d » V 2 2.03 2 I s (2/ir)" c divide d b y th e widt h1 n radian s o f a 22.5 ° sector . Effect s o f spatia l and tempora l variation s 1 n airflow 1 n the regio no f the sit e ar e no t describe d b

y th e constan t mea nwin d directio nmodel . .Unlik e the variabl e trajector y models , th e constan t mea nwin d directio nmode l ca nonl y us e meteorologica l dat a fro m a singl e statio nt o represen t diffusio ncondition s withi nth e regio no f Interest . Fo r Appendi x1 considerations , . th e regio no f Interes t ca nextend t o a distanc e o f 5 0 mile s fro m th e site . Therefore , i f th e constan t mea nwin d directio nmode l 1 s t o b e used , airflow characteristic s 1nthe . vicinit y o. f any sit e shoul d b e examine d t o determin e th e spatia l an d tempora l variation s o f atmospheri c transpor t an d diffusio ncondition s an d th e applicabilit y

o f singl e statio nmeteorologica l dat a t o represent: 

### an d (1 ) Condition s betwee nth e sit e and th e neares t receptor s (generall y withi n5 miles ) (2 ) Condition s ou t t o a distanc e o f 5 0 mile s fro m the site . Example s o f spatia l an d tempora l variation s o f airflow t o conside r fo r thre e basi c categorie s o f topography are : (1 ) A t Inland site s I nope nterrain, Includin g gentl y rollin g hills , wlthairflo w dominate d almos t entirel y b y large-scal e weathe r patterns , recirculatio no f airflow an d direc tiona l biase s durin g period s o f prolonge d atmospheri c stagnation ;

(2 ) A t site s I npronounce d rive r valleys , wit hairflo w pattern s largel y

dominate d b

y terrain , restriction s t o latera l and vertica l sprea d o f th e effluen t plume , an d th e diurna l distribution s o f downvalle y and upvalle y

circulation , wit hparticula r attentio nt o th e perio d o f flow reversal ; an d (3 ) A t site s alon g and nea r coast s o f larg e bodie s o f water , wit hsignifican t land wate r boundar y

laye r effect s o n airflow , se a (o r lake ) lan d breez e circulatio n(Includin g 1.111- 9P.1 1

distanc e o f penetration , vertica l development , tempora l variation s o f wind direction , an d con dition s durin g period s o f flo w reversal) , variatio no f th e mixin g laye r heigh t wit htim e an d distanc e from

th e shor e (e.g. , fumigatio nan d plume trapping) , an

d th e effect s o f shorelin e bluff s an

d dunes . therefore , adjustment s t o Equatio n(3 ) ma y be necessar y

t o preven t misrepresentatio n o f actua l atmospheri c transpor t an d diffusio ncharacteristic s tha t coul d resul t Insubstantia l underestimate s p f actua l exposur e t o anIndividua l o r population . Adjustment s t o Equatio n(3 ) shoul d b e base d ondat a (e.g. , compariso nt o othe r site s inth e region ) o r studie s tha t character iz e airflo w

pattern s 1 nth e regio no f th e sit e ou t t o a distanc e o f 5 0 miles . Fo r al l sites , a detaile d discussio no f th e applicabilit y an d accurac y

o f th e mode l and Inpu t dat a shoul d b e provided . Us e o f Equatio n(3 ) wil l be acceptabl e onl y 1 f a well documente d an

d substantiate d discussio no f th e effect s o f spatia l an d tempora l variation s i n airflo w I nth e regio nd f th e sit e ou t t o a distanc e o f 5 0 mile s I s provided . 2 . Sourc e Configuratio nConsideration s Th e actua l heigh t abov e ground o f th e gaseou s effluen t plume shoul d b e considere d i nmakin g estimate s o f averag e effluen t concentration s downwin d fro m th e releas e points . A nacceptabl e metho d t o determin e th e effectiv e plume heigh t 1 s describe d below . Inaddition , fo r effluen t plume s traversin g Irregula r terrai nunde r stabl e o r neutra l atmospheri c conditions , th e mode l describe d b

y Ega n(Ref . 5 ) ma y

b e used . O nth e othe r hand , th e mode l describe d b y Bur t (Ref . 6 ) ma y be use d whe nstabl e atmospheri c condition s exist . Sourc e configuratio nevaluation s ma y conside r th e effluen t releas e point(s ) an d adjacen t o r nearby

soli d structure(s ) i nconjunctio nwit hth e Individua l directio nsecto r (a s describe d Infegulatoj y

positio n4 ) 1 nwhic hthe downwind recepto r o f interes t I s located . a . Elevate d Release s Fo r effluent s exhauste d fro m release.point s tha t ar e highe r tha ntwic e th e heigh t o f adjacen t soli d structures , th e effective " releas e heigh t ( h) i s determine d (Ref . 4 ) from : wher e h e " \ + h pr- h t - c <« >

c i s th e correctio nfo r lo w relativ e exi t velocit y (se e below) ; h1 s th e effectiv e releas e height ; hI s th e ris e o f th e plume above.th e releas e point , accordin g t o Sagendor f p(Ref . 4) , whos e treatmen t i s base d o nBrigg s (Ref . 7) ; hi s th e physica l heigh t o f th e release - poin t (the elevatio no f th e stac k 

### s bas e shoul d be assume d t o be zero) ; an d h t 1 s th e maximu

m terrai nheigh t (abov e th e stac k base ) betwee nth e releas e point.an d th e poin t fo r whic hth e calculatio n1 s mad e (h . mus t b e greate r tha no r equa l t o zero) . Not e tha t th e effectiv e releas e heigh t I s a functio no f th e distanc e betwee nth e releas e poin t an d th e locatio nwher e th e concentratio ni s bein g calculated .

Whe nth e vertica l exi t velocit y i s les s tha n1. 5 time s th e horizonta l wlndsbeed , a correctio nfo r downwas hi s subtracte d fro m Equatio n(4) , accordin g t o Giffor d (Ref . 8): . wher e c = 3(1. 5 - W 0 /u) d (5 )

c 1 s th e dcMiwas hcorrection ; d 1 s th e Insid e diamete r o f th e stac k o r othe r releas e point ; u " 1 s th e mea nwlndspee d a t th e heigh t o f release ; an d W 1s.th e vertica l exi t velocit y o f th e plume . 1.111-1 0P.1 2



### b . Release s Othe r Tha nElevate d Fo r effluent s release dfro m point s les s tha nth e heigh t o f adjacen t soli dstructures , i ground-leve l releas e shoul dbe assume d( h= » 0) . Fo r effluent s release dfro m vent s o r othe r point s a t the leve l o f o r abov e adjacen t soli dstructures , bu t lowe r tha nelevate dreleas e points , th e effluen t plume shoul db e considere d a s anelevate dreleas e wheneve r th e vertical.exi t velocit y o f th e plume , W

, 1 s a t leas t fiv e time s the horizonta l wlndspeed , IT , a t th e heigh t o f release ; I.e. , a s modifie dfro m Johnso n e t al . (Ref : 9) :

W 0 

### / u> 5. 0 (6 ) Inthi s case , th e releas e shoul db e evaluate da s describe d1 nregulator y positio n2.a . I f W 0 

### /u " i s les s tha n1. 0 o r unknown , a ground-leve l releas e shoul db e assume d( h• 0 ) Fo r case s wher e th e rati o o f plume exi t velocit y t o horizonta l wlndspee d1 s betwee n on e andfive , a mixe dreleas e mod e shoul dbe assumed . I nwhic hth e plume I s considere da s a n- elevate dreleas e durin g a par t o f th e time an da s a ground-leve l releas e ( h- 0 ) durin g th e remainde r o f th e time . A nentralnmen t coefficient , E t 

### , modifie dfro m Referenc e 9 , I s deter mine dfo r thos e case s I nwhic hW 0 

### / a I s betwee non e an dfive :

an d E t 

### - 2.5 8 - 1.58(W 0 

### /u ) fo r 1 < W 0 

### / u< 1.5 . (7 ) E t 

### - 0. 3 - 0.06(W o 

### /u ) fo r 1. 5 < W 0 

### / u< 5.0 . . " ' |(8 ) Th e releas e shoul db e considere dt o occu r a s an " elevate dreleas e 100( 1 - E. ) percen t o f the " time and . a s a groun dreleas e 100E t 

### percen t o f th e time. - Eac ho f thes e case s shoul dthe n be evaluate dseparatel y

andthe . concentratio ncalculate daccordin g t o th e fractio no f tim e eac h typ e o f releas e occurs . Windspeed s representativ e o f condition s a t the actua l releas e height s shoul db e use dfo r th e time s whe nth e releas e I s considere dt o b e elevated . Windspeed s measure d a t th e 10-mete r leve l shoul db e use dfo r thos e time s whe nth e effluen t plume 1 s considere dt o b e a groun drelease . I f Equatio n(3 ) I s used , th e adjustmen t describe dInregulator y positio n 2. c ma y b e mad e fo r th e groun dreleas e portio no f th e calculation . c . Buildin g Wake.Correctio n Fo r ground-leve l release s onl y (h f i 

### = 0) , a nadjustment-ma y b e mad e 1 nEquatio n(3 ) tha t take s int o consideratio ninitial-mixin g o f th e effluen t plum e withi nth e buildin g wake . Thi s adjustment , accordin g t o Yanske y e t al . (Ref . 10) , shoul db e I nth e for m of : 

## z wher e z j ( X ) 

### " (o 

### zj" 2fX) 

### ." * °- 5 

### ^A5 V 2 

### 1 ^zj W (9 ) D i s th e maximu

m adjacen t buildin g heigh t eithe r up - o r downwin dfro m th e releas e point ; X . i s th e distanc e fro m th e releas e poin t t o the receptor , measure dfro m th e le e edg e o f th e comple xo f adjacen t buildings ; a AX) I s th e vertica l standar ddeviatio no f th e material s Inth e plume a t J

### distance , X , fo r atmospheri c stabilit y class , j ; and £-j(X ) I s th e vertica l standar ddeviatio no f plun e materia l a s above , wit hth e ^ correctio nfo r additiona l dispersio nwithi nthe buildin g wak e cavity ,

restricte db

y th e conditio ntha t V ZzjO O " ^(X ) 1.111-1 1whe n (o 2 j(X ) + 0.5D 2 /TT) 1 / 2 > /Ja z j (X) .

3 . Remova l Mechanis m Consideration s Radioactiv e deca y

anddr y andwe t depositio nshoul db e considere d1nradiologica l impac t evaluations . Acceptabl e method s o f considerin g thes e remova l mechanism s ar e describe dbelow . a . Radioactiv e Deca y Fo r conservativ e estimate s o f radioactiv e decay , anoveral l half-Uf e o f 2.2 6 day s i s acceptabl e fo r short-live dnobl e gase s ando f 8 day s fo r al l iodine s release dt o th e atmosphere . Alternatively , th e actua l half-lif e o f eac hradionuclid e ma y be used . Th e deca y

tim e use dshoul d b e th e calculate dtime o f trave l betwee nth e sourc e an drecepto r base do nth e airflow mode l used . b ; Dr y Depositio n•'.". • Dr y depositio no f elementa l radioiodine s andothe r particulate s an dattendan t plume depletio nshoul db e considere dfo r al l releases .

Acceptabl e plum e depletio ncorrectio nfactor s andrelativ e depositio nrates^ar e pre sente di nFigure s 2 throug h9 . Thes e figure s ar e base donmeasurement s o f depositio nvelocit y a s a functio no f wlndspee da s presente di nReferenc e 1 1 ando na diffusion-depositio nmode l a s presente dI nReferenc e 12. ; .

Figure s 2 throug h5 Illustrat e anacceptabl e metho dfo r considerin g plume depletio n effect s fp r al l distances , fro m th e source.and-atmospheri c stabilit y classe s fo r groundan d- elevate dreleas e modes . After. a .give nconcentratio ni s calculate db y usin g th e model s 1n -regulator y

positio n1,"th e concentratio nshoul db e correcte d b y multiplyin g b

y th e fractio n remainin g i nth e plume , a s determined'from thes e figures . - - _ |. ' .Figure s 6 throug h9 show acceptabl e value s o f relativ e depositio nrat e (meter s ) as. a functio no f distanc e fro m th e sourc e andatmospheri c stabilit y fo r groundan

delevate dreleas e modes . Tli

e relativ e depositio nrat e is'the'depositio nrat e pe r uni t downwin ddistanc e (C1/.sec . pe r meter ) divide db

y th e sourc e strengt h(C1/sec) . T o obtai nth e relativ e depositio npe r uni t are a (meter s ) a t a give npoin t i na give n sector , th e relativ e depositio nrat e mus t b e (1 ) multiplie db y th e fractio no f th e releas e transporte dint o th e sector , determine daccordin g t o th e distributio no f win d directio nand(2 ) divide db

y a nappropriat e crosswin ddistanc e (meters) , a s discusse dbelow . | Figure s 6 throug h9 ar e base do nth e assumptio ntha t the . effluen t concentratio ni na " give nsecjto

r i s uniform

acros s th e secto r a t a give ndistance . Therefore , fo r th e straight-lin e trajector y

model , o r fo r any

mode l tha t assume s uniform concentratio nacros s th e secto r a t a _ give ndistance , th e relativ e depositio nrat e shoul db e divide db y the ar c lengt hof - th e secto r a t th e poin t bein g considered . Inaddition , fo r th e straight-lin e trajector y model , th e relativ e depositio nrat e shoul db e multiplie db y th e appropriat e correctio nfacto r discusse dinregulator y "positio ni.e . Fo r models"wher e concentratio na t a give ndistanc e i s no t uniform acros s th e sector , the . relativ e depositio na t a give npoin t shoul db e calculate da s above , bu t thenmultiplie db y th e rati o o f th e maximu m effluen t concentratio n1nth e secto r a t the distanc e bein g considere dt o th e averag e concentratio nacros s th e secto r a t th e sam e distance . c . We t Depositio n Fo r long-term

averages , dos e calculation s considerin g dry depositio nonl y

ar e no t usuall y change dsignificantl y b y th e consideratio no f we t deposition . However , the effect s o f we t depositio nandattendan t plume depletio nshoul db e considere dfo r plant s wit hpredominantl y elevate drelease s an da t site s tha t hav e a well-define drain y seaso ncorrespondin g t o th e grazin g season . Consideratio no f we t depositio neffect s shoul dInclud e examinatio no f tota l precipitation , numbe r o f hour s o f precipitation , rainfal l rat e distributions , an dth e precipita tio nwin drose . I f th e precipitatio ndat a Indicat e tha t we t depositio nma y b e significant , washou t rate s andattendan t plume depletio nshoul db e calculate dinaccordanc e wit hth e relation ship s identifie db

y Engelman n(Ref . 13) . 1.111-1 2P.1 4

d . Depositio nOve r Wate r For'dispersio nove r smal l bodies*o f water. , depositio nma y b e assume dt o occu r a t th e sam e rat e a s ove r land . Fo r calculation s Involvin g radionuclid e transppr t ove r larg e bodie s o f water , depositio nshoul dbe considere do na case-by-cas e basis . 4 . Meteorologica l Dat a fo r Model s Sufficien t meteorologica l Informatio nshoul db e obtaine dt o characteriz e transpor t pro cesse s (I.e. , airflo w

trajectory , diffusio nconditions , depositio ncharacteristics ) ou t t o a distanc e d f 5 0 mile s (approximatel y 80,00 0 meters ) fro

m the plant . Th e primar y sourc e o f meteorologica l informatio nshoul db e th e onsit e meteorologica l progra m (se e Regulator y

Guid e . 1.23 , Ref . 14) . Othe r source s shoul dinclud e nearb y Nationa l Weathe r Servic e (NWS ) stations, , othe r well-maintaine d meteorologica l facilitie s (e.g. , othe r nuclea r facilities , universities , o r privat e meteorologica l programs) , andsatellit e facilities . Adequat e characterizatio no f transpor t processe s withi n5 0 mile s o f th e plan t ma y Includ e examinatio no f meteorological - dat a "fro m station s furthe r tha n5 0 mile s whe nthi s information , ca nprovid e additiona l clarificatio no f th e meSoscal e transpor t processes . T o augmen t th e assessmen t o f atmospheri c transpor t t o distance s o f 5 0 mile s fro m the.plant , th e followin g regiona l meteorologica l data , base do nperiod s o f recor dspecifie dinRegulator y Guid e 4. 2 (Ref . 15) , from

a s man y relevan t station s a s practicabl e shoul db e used : a . Wlndspee d• b . Win d directio n c . Atmospheri c stabilit y d . Mixin g heigh t e . Precipitatio nT " Fo r inpu t t o variabl e trajectory"Ttmospher1 c transpor t models, - measure dhourl y value s o f wlndspee dshoul db e used . Calms * shoul db e assigne da windspee d;o f one-hal f o t th e appropriat e startin g speed , a s describe din"th e footnote , fo r Instrument s conformin g t o th e recomnendations"o r inten t o f Regulator y

Guid e 1.2 3 (Ref. . 14) . Otherwise , a : windspee do f 0. 1 meter/secon dshoul db e assigne dt o calms . Hourl y win ddirection s shoul dbe classe dint o a t leas t th e 1 6 compas s poin t sector s (i.e. , 22.5-degre e sectors , centere dontru e north , north-northeast , etc. ) accordin g to . measure dvalue s average dove r th e tim e interval . Fo r Inpu t t o th e constan t mea nwin d directio nmodel , windspee ddat a shoul dbe presente da s (1 ) hourl y

measure dvalue s o r (2 ) windspee dclasse s divide dI naccordanc e wit hthe Beaufor t win d scal e o r othe r suitabl e clas s divisio n(e.g. , a greate r numbe r o f ligh t wlndspee d classe s shoul d b e use dfo r site s wit hhig hfrequencie s o f Tigh t winds) . Wind-directions-shoul d be divide dint o th e 1 6 compas s direction s (22.5-degree . sector s .reentere d o ntru e north , north-northeast , etc.) . I f join t frequenc y

distribution s o f winddirectio nandspee d b y atmospheri c stabilit y class , rathe r tha nhourl y

values , ar e use di nthi s model , calms * shoul db e assigne dt o winddirection s i nproportio nt o th e directiona l distribution , withi na natmospheri c stabilit y clas s o f th e lowes t noncal m windspee d class . :I f hourl y dat a ar e used , calm s shoul db e assigne d t o th e recorde d win d directio naverage dove r th e tim e interval. . Th e windspee d "t o b e assume dfo r calm s i s one-hal f o f th e startin g spee do f the van e o r anemometer , whicheve r i s higher , fo r instrument s conformin g to the.recommendation s o r inten t o f Regulator y Guid e 1.23 . Otherwise , the windspee dt o b e assume d fo r calm s i s 0. 1 meter/second . Atmospheri c stabilit y shoul db e determine db y vertica l temperatur e differenc e UT ) betwee n th e releas e poin t andth e 10-mete r level , o r b y othe r well-documente d parameter s tha t hav e bee n substantiate db

y diffusio ndata . Acceptabl e stabilit y classe s ar e give n1nReferenc e 14 . Appropriat e time period s fo r meteorologica l dat a utilizatio nshoul db e base donconstanc y o f th e sourc e ter

m (rat e o f release ) andpotentia l availabilit y o f th e recepto r (e.g. , ma no r cow) . I f emission s ar e continuous , annua l dat a sunrnarie s shoul db e used . I f release s ar e inter mittent , consideratio nshoul db e give nt o frequenc y an dduratio no f release . I f emission s ar e Calm s ar e define da s hourl y averag e windspeed s below th e startin g spee do f th e van e o r anemometer , whicheve r 1 s higher .
1.111-1 3Infrequen t ando f shor t duration , atmospheri c dispersio nmodel s an dmeteorologica l dat a applicabl e t o th e time o f releas e shoul db e considered . Us e o f annua l averag e condition s fo r consideratio no f intermitten t release s wil l b e acceptabl e onl y 1 f I t i s establishe dtha t release s wil l b e random i ntime . Otherwis e th e metho do f evaluatio no f Intermitten t release s shoul dfollow

th e methodolog y

outline d1nSectio n2.3. 4 o f NUREG-75/08 7 (Ref . 16) . Thi s metho d use s anappropriat e x/ Q probabilit y level , a s wel l a s the.annua l averag e x/Q . fo r th e directio n an d poin t o f interes t bein g evaluate d t o provid e th e basi s fo r adjustment s reflectin g mor e advers e diffusio ncondition s tha nindicate d b y th e annua l average . Thes e adjustment s ar e applie dt o th e annua l averag e x/ Q an d D/ Q fo r th e tota l numbe r o f hour s associate dwit hin termitten t release s pe r year . Detaile dInformatio nfor.thi s calculatio nI s give nb y Sagendor f an dGol l (Ref . 17) . However , 1 f intermitten t release s ar e limite db y technica l specification s t o period s whe natmospheri c condition s ar e mor e favorabl e tha naverag e fo r th e site , annua l averag e dat a an

dannua l averag e dispersio nmodel s coul d b e used . Fo r calculation s o f dose s throug hIngestio npathways , particularl y throug hth e cow-mil k pathway , meteorologica l dat a fo r onl y th e grazin g o r growin g seaso nshoul d b e used . D . IMPLEMENTATION Th e purpos e o f thi s sectio ni s t o provid e Informatio nt o licens e applicant s an dlicensee s regardin g th e NR C staff' s plan s fo r Implementin g thi s regulator y guide . Thi s guid e reflect s current.NRC"staf f practice . Therefore , excep t 1nthos e case s 1nwhic h th e licens e applican t o r license e propose s a nacceptabl e alternativ e method , th e metho ddescribe d herei nfo r complyin g with'specifled.portion s o f th e Connission' s regulation s wil l continu e t o b e use d1 nth e evaluatio no f submittal s fo r operatin g license , o r constructio npermi t application s unti l thi s guid e i s revise d a s a resul t o f suggestion s fro m th e publi c o r additiona l staf f review .

1.111-1 4/



### REFERENCE S P.1 6



### 1 .

3 . 4 . 5 .

7 . . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 

### 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . R . C . Sklarew

e t al. , " A

Part1cle-1n-Cel l Metho dfo r Numerica l Solutiono f th e Atmospheri c Diffusio nEquatio nan dApplication s t o Ai r PollutionProblems, " Fina l Repor t 3SR-844 , Vol . 1 , EP A Contrac t 68-02-0006 , 1971 . F . A . Gifford , "Statistica l Propertie s o f a Fluctuating Plum e Dispersio nModel, " i

n Advance s inGeophysics . Vol. . 6 , F . N . Frankle l an dP . A . Sheppard , Editors , Academi c Press , Inc. , He w York . pp . 117-138 , 1959 . G . E . Star t an

dL . L . Wendell . "Regiona l Effluen t Dispersio nCalculation s Considering Spatia l an

dTempora l Meteorologica l Variations, " NOA A Tec hMem o ERL-ARL-44 , 1974 . J . F , Sagendorf , " A

Progra m fo r Evaluating Atmospheri c Dispersio nFro m a Nuclea r Powe r Station, " NOA

A Tec hMemo ERL-ARL-42 , 1974 . B . A . .Egan , "Turbulen t DiffusionInComple xTerrain " I nLecture s o

nA1 r Pollutionan

d Environmenta l Impac t Analyse s - AM S Worksho po nMeteorology an dEnvironmenta l Assessment . - Bosto n1975 , Dwayn e Haugen , Worksho pCoordinator , America nMeteorologica l Society , ~ Boston , MA , pp . 123-124 , 1975 . E..W . Burt , "Descriptio no f Valle y Model-Versio nC9M3D, " U.S..Environmenta l Protection. . Agenc y Dispersio nProgram , availabl e from-th e Unite dState s Environmenta l Protectio n- Agency , Offic e o f Ai r Qualit y Planning an

dStandards , ResearchTrlaogl e Park , N C 27711 , - p p . 4-6 . •—'-•'"'"_ . 

### G . A . Briggs , "Plum

e Rise, " AE C GfUica l Revie w Series , TID-25075 , 1969 . ' M. F . A . Gifford , "Atmospheri c Transpor t an dDispersio nOve r Cities.".Nuclea r Safety ; Vol . 13 , pp . 391-402 , Sept.-Oct . 1972 . W . B..Johnso ne t al. , "Ga s Trace r Stud y o f Roof-Ven t Effluen t Diffusio na t Millston e Nuclea r Powe r Station, " AIF/NESP-007b , Atomi c Industria l Forum , Inc. , 1975 . G . R . Yanske y

e t al. , "Climatograph

y o f Nationa l Reacto r Testing Station, " Idaho Operation s Office , USAEC , ID0-12048 , 1966 . E . H . Markee , Jr. , " A

Parametri c Stud

y o f Gaseou s Plum

e Depletionb

y Groun dSurfac e Adsorp - >n, " 1nPro c ' " " AECL-2787 , pp . tion, " 1nProceeding s o f USAE C Meteorologica l InformationMeeting , C . A . Mawson , Editor ;

— • 602-613 , 1567 . 

### C . A . Pelletie r an

dJ . D . Zimbrick , "Kinetic s o f Environmenta l Radioiodin e Transpor t Throug hth e M1lk-Foo dChain, " 1 nEnvironmenta l Surveillanc e i n th e Vicinit y

o f Nuclear . Facilities , W. " C . Re1n1g , Editor , Charle s C . Thoma s Publishers , Springfield,-111. , 1970 . R . J . Englemann , "The Calculationo f PrecipitationScavenging, " i nMeteorology

an dAtomi c - Energy-1968 . D . H . Slade , Editor , USAE C TID-24190 , pp . 203-221 , 1965 : '. : '_ Regulator y

Guid e 1.2 3 (Safet y

Guid e 23) , "Onsit e Meteorologica l Programs, " U . S . Nuclea r Regulator y

Commission , Washington , D.C . Regulatory

Guid e 4.2 , "Preparationo f Environmenta l Report s fo r Nuclea r Powe r Stations, " U.S . Nuclea r Regulatory

Commission , Washington , D.C . "Standar dRevie

w Pla nfo r th

e Review o f Safet y

Analysi s Report s fo r Nuclea r Powe r Plants, " NUREG-75/087 , Septembe r 1975 , Offic e o f Nuclea r Reacto r Regulation , U.S . Nuclea r Regulatory Commission , Washington , D.C . J . Sagendor f an

dJ . Goll , "XOQDOQ-Progra m fo r the Meteorologica l Evaluatio no f Routin e Effluen t Release s a t Nuclea r Powe r Stations, " Draft , U.S . Nuclea r Regulatory Conuiission , Washington , D.C , 1976 . 1.111-1 5P.1 7

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