Docket Number; EPA–HQ–OPP–2010-0005 

www.regulations.gov 

 

United States Chemical Safety August 2010 

Environmental Protection and Pollution Prevention 

Agency (7510P)

Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium 

Chloride (DIDAC) Final Work Plan 

Registration Review August 2010 

Docket Number; EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0005 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DIDAC) Registration Review Team........... 4

I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5

II. COMMENTS RECEIVED ON THE PRELIMINARY WORK PLAN.............................. 5

III. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DATA NEEDS......................................................................... 6

IV. TIMELINE ............................................................................................................................ 15

V. GLOSSARY of TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................. 16
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Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DIDAC) Registration Review Team

Human Health & Environmental Effects 

Tim McMahon 

Srinivas Gowda 

Risk Management

Monisha Harris 

Lance Wormell 

Office of General Counsel

Philip Ross 
Docket Number; EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0005 

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I. INTRODUCTION 

This is the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA or “the Agency”) Final 

Work Plan (FWP) for the registration review of Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium 

Chloride (DIDAC). The work plan includes the expected registration review timeline. 

The work plan also addresses public comments received concerning the Preliminary 

Work Plan (PWP) in the Summary Document which was posted in the DIDAC 

registration review docket, and any other comments concerning the initial docket 

postings. The Summary Document provided information on what EPA knows about the 

pesticide and what additional risk analyses and data or information the Agency believes 

are needed to make a registration review decision. 

 The Agency is implementing the registration review program pursuant to Section 

3(g) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and will review 

each registered pesticide every 15 years to determine whether it continues to meet the 

FIFRA standard for registration. Changes in science, public policy and pesticide use 

practices will occur over time. The registration review program is intended to make sure 

that, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all 

registered pesticides continue to meet that statutory standard. The public phase of 

registration review begins when the initial docket is opened for each case. Information 

on this program is provided at: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/. 

 The DIDAC Preliminary Work Plan was published March 31, 2010. The 90-day 

comment period ended on June 1, 2010. The Preliminary Work Plan document is 

available on www.regulations.gov, docket number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0005. 

 DIDAC (PC Code 069207) is known by the trade name Bardac 2180. Bardac 2180 

is also known by the chemical name of isobardac. DIDAC is considered structurally 

similar to Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC) (PC Code 069149) and data 

developed for DDAC were used to support the initial registration of DIDAC in 1995. 

DDAC, as well as Alkyl Dimethyl Ethyl Ammonium Bromide, Octyl Decyl Dimethyl 

Ammonium Chloride, and Dioctyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride are structurally similar 

and are collectively referred to as the Group I "quaternary compounds" or "quats" as 

published in PR Notice 88-2 on 2/26/88. Therefore, the Agency will continue to use 

information from the DDAC database to support the DIDAC registration review. 

Because DIDAC was first registered after November 1, 1984, a reregistration eligibility 

decision (RED) was not issued. A RED was issued in 2006 for DDAC. 

 

II. COMMENTS RECEIVED ON THE PRELIMINARY WORK PLAN 

 EPA received no comments during the public comment period on the initial 

docket, described below. In the PWP, EPA also solicited comments on three specific 

topics: environmental justice; water body impairment; and trade irritants. No comments 

or information were received during the public comment period concerning these issues. 
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Therefore, the data needs, work plan and timeline described in the Preliminary 

Work Plan remain as they were presented initially. Further, this document makes final 

the work plan for the DIDAC registration review process. 

III. RISK ASSESSMENT AND DATA NEEDS 

Human Health Risk Assessment Status and Anticipated Data Needs 

The Agency reviewed the hazard and exposure databases for the DIDAC 

registration review case and anticipates that additional toxicity and exposure studies will 

be needed for registration review. The Agency will need to conduct occupational 

inhalation and dermal risk assessments based on exposure to DIDAC through use in 

antifouling coatings. The Agency will need to conduct a dietary assessment based on 

indirect dietary exposure. There will also be a need for drinking water assessment of 

DIDAC based on the materials preservatives, and industrial slimicides use in 

recirculating cooling water towers and paper mills that potentially pass through waste 

water treatment plants and may be discharged into terrestrial and aquatic environments. 

Dietary and Drinking Water Assessment

Dietary Exposure 

 Because DIDAC products are registered for use in/on agricultural premises and 

equipment and food handling/storage establishment premises and equipment, there is the 

potential for dietary exposure to DIDAC through indirect food contact. A dietary 

assessment was conducted for DDAC for the 2006 DDAC RED. No risk of concern was 

identified in the RED; however, confirmatory data were required. Based on the review of 

the confirmatory data, the Agency anticipates reviewing the dietary risk assessment used 

to support the 2006 DDAC RED and, if necessary, will update the assessment to address 

potential exposure to DIDAC. 

Drinking Water Exposure 

DIDAC end-use registrations that could potentially impact water are registrations 

for use as an algaecide and for control of algal and bacterial slimes in once-through water 

cooling towers, and pulp and paper mills. The current indoor uses of DIDAC are 

expected to result in minimal residues in drinking water supplied by residential wells or 

municipal sources because re-circulating water cooling towers are expected to have 

infrequent discharges and the effluents from recirculating cooling towers are regulated by 

NPDES permits. 

Tolerances

 Quaternary ammonium compounds have a tolerance exemption in 40 CFR 

180.940 (a) as a food contact sanitizer for use in public eating places, in dairy processing 

equipment, and in food processing plants on equipment and utensils and (c) as a food 

contact sanitizer for use in food processing plants on equipment and utensils. 
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Aggregate and Cumulative Exposure

 In examining aggregate exposure, EPA takes into account the available and 

reliable information concerning exposures to pesticide residues in food and drinking 

water, as well as non-occupational pesticide exposures. Based on current use patterns, an 

aggregate risk assessment will be needed for DIDAC for dietary (food and drinking 

water) and residential exposure. 

 Section 40(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when considering whether to 

establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency considers “available information” 

concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide’s residues and “other 

substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity. The Agency has not made a 

common mechanism of toxicity determination for DIDAC or other quaternary 

ammonium compounds and DIDAC does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite 

produced by other substances. For the purposes of this registration review, therefore, a 

cumulative assessment for DIDAC will not be performed at this time. 

Occupational and Residential Assessment

The Agency reviewed all available data associated with DIDAC and DDAC and 

has determined that the currently registered uses of DIDAC may result in residential and 

occupational exposure. Exposure and risk assessments were conducted for DDAC to 

support the 2006 DDAC RED. The Agency anticipates updating these assessments as 

appropriate to include all registered uses of DIDAC including those such as the 

antifoulant coating use that were not applicable for DDAC and, thus, not included in the 

2006 assessment. The Agency anticipates needing exposure studies to properly assess 

exposure to DIDAC in antifouling coatings. 

Anticipated Human Health Data Needs

The Agency anticipates needing the following toxicity and exposure studies to 

assess the DIDAC registration review case: 

Anticipated Human Health Toxicity Data Needs

o (GLN 870.3465) 90-day Inhalation Toxicity Study 

Anticipated Occupational/Residential Exposure Data Needs

As noted in the DDAC RED, “The risk assessment noted deficiencies in the 

surrogate dermal and inhalation exposure data available from the Chemical 

Manufacturers Association (CMA) data base. Therefore, the Agency is requiring 

confirmatory data to support the uses assessed with the CMA exposure data within this 

risk assessment. The risk assessment also noted that many of the use parameters (e.g., 

amount handled and duration of use) were based on professional judgments. Therefore, 

descriptions of human activities associated with the uses assessed are required as 

confirmatory.” Based on the review of the confirmatory data, the Agency anticipates 
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reviewing the occupational/residential exposure assessment used to support the 2006 

DDAC RED and, if necessary, will update the assessment to address potential exposure 

to DIDAC. 

The Agency anticipates needing the data identified below, for DIDAC. 

o (GLN 875.1200) Dermal Exposure 

o (GLN 875.1400) Inhalation Exposure 

o (GLN 875.1600) Applicator Exposure Monitoring Data Reporting 

o (GLN 875.2300) Fabric Leaching Study 

o (GLN 875.2300) Surface Wood Wipe Study 

o (GLN 875.2800) Description of Human Activity (all uses) 

o (GLN 875.2900) Data Reporting and Calculations 

Anticipated Residue Chemistry Data Needs

o (GLN 860.1460) Food Handling* 

*Dietary-Residues in Food from Treating Countertops with DIDAC (FDA Wipe Study 

Methodology) (FDA, 2003a and 2003b) 

Further information and detailed justifications for the studies that are expected to 

be required are available in “Summary of Human Health Effects Data for the Decyl 

Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DIDAC) Registration Review Decision 

Document,” dated March 26, 2010.

Product Chemistry Status and Anticipated Data Needs 

The data submitted pertaining to the physical and chemical characteristics of the 

active ingredient DIDAC are adequate. All product chemistry data requirements have 

been fulfilled for the active ingredient DIDAC. Therefore, the Agency does not anticipate 

the need to require additional product chemistry data for DIDAC at this time. 

For further information please refer to the Summary of Product Chemistry, 

Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicity Data for the Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium 

Chloride Registration Review Decision Document, dated March 29, 2010. 

Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment Status and Anticipated Data 

Needs

The Agency has evaluated the available environmental fate and ecological effects 

data on DDAC submitted by the registrant. When DIDAC was first registered in 1995, 

the Agency concluded that the chemical structures of DDAC and DIDAC are structurally 

similar; therefore, the environmental fate and ecological effects studies developed on 

DDAC will be used to evaluate DIDAC as part of this registration review. The Agency 

will complete the environmental fate and ecological hazard risk assessments presented 

below. 

• Environmental fate 
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• Ecological hazard 

• Endangered species assessment 

Further information and detailed justification for the studies that are expected to 

be required are available in the document titled, Summary of Product Chemistry, 

Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicity Data for the Decyl Isononyl Dimethyl Ammonium 

Chloride Registration Review Decision Document, dated March 29, 2010. 

Environmental fate and ecological risk assessments have not been conducted for 

DIDAC. DIDAC uses that have potential for environmental exposure are swimming 

pools water, material preservatives, industrial slimicides used in recirculating water 

cooling towers, and paper mills discharges. The Agency needs to conduct environmental 

fate and ecological risk assessments for swimming pools water, material preservatives, 

and industrial slimicides used in recirculating water cooling towers and paper mills that 

potentially pass through waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) and may be discharged 

into terrestrial and aquatic environments. Also, the Agency needs to conduct an 

ecological risk assessment for DIDAC used in once-through water cooling towers for 

control of microbiological growth and that likely would be discharged into effluents and 

surface waters. The Agency also needs to conduct an ecological risk assessment for 

DIDAC used in aquatic areas to control or kill slime-forming bacteria, fungi, or algae. In 

addition, the Agency needs to conduct an ecological risk assessment for DIDAC used in 

wood preservatives and antifouling coatings. Therefore, the Agency anticipates requiring 

the identified environmental fate and ecotoxicity data for DIDAC and/or any of its major 

degradation products that are of potential concern for all registered uses of DIDAC. 

Anticipated Environmental Fate Data Needs (Indoor Use) 

o (GLN 850.6800) modified activated sludge respiration inhibition 

o (GLN 835.1110) activated sludge sorption isotherm 

Anticipated Ecological Data Needs (Indoor Use) 

o (GLN 850.4225) seedling emergence, Tier II - dose response study on rice 

(Oryza sativa) 

o (GLN 850.4250) vegetative vigor, Tier II - dose response study on rice 

(Oryza sativa) 

o (GLN 850.4400) aquatic plant growth (aquatic vascular plant toxicity), 

Tier II - dose response study on floating macrophyte Lemna gibba 

o (GLN 850.5400) aquatic plant growth (algal toxicity), Tier II - dose 

response studies on Anabaena flos- aquae (blue-green cyanobacteria), 

Navicula pelliculosa (freshwater diatom), and Skeletonema costatum 

(marine diatom) 
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Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Data Requirements for 

Antifoulant Coatings Uses of DIDAC 

 For use in this registration review, the following ecological effects and 

environmental fate data are anticipated as being needed: 

Anticipated Ecological Effects Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

850.1045: Acute Penaeid; 

850.1300: Daphnid chronic toxicity test; 

850.1350: Mysid chronic toxicity test - Aquatic invertebrate life cycle 

850.1400: Fish early-life stage toxicity studies 

850.4225: Seedling emergence 

850.4250: Vegetative vigor 

850.4400: Aquatic plant growth using floating macrophyte Lemna gibba 

850.5400: Aquatic plant growth (algal and aquatic plant toxicity) - Tier II 

850.1735: Whole sediment, acute invertebrates (freshwater) 

850.1740: Whole sediment; acute invertebrates (estuarine/marine) 

850.1500: Fish (freshwater and/or estuarine/marine species) life cycle study 

850.1710: Oyster BCF 

850.1730: Fish BCF 

850.1850: Aquatic organism bioavailability/biomagnifications, toxicity tests 

850.1950: Field testing for aquatic organisms (estuarine/marine) 

850.2300: Avian reproductive studies with bobwhite quail and/or mallard duck 

850.4300: Terrestrial Plants Field Study 

850.4450: Aquatic Plants Field Study 

 None: (Special study) Whole sediment - chronic invertebrates (freshwater and/or 

estuarine/marine) 

Anticipated Environmental Fate Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

835.6200: Aquatic (sediment) Field Dissipation 

None: (Special study) Special leaching study (ASTM 6903-07) 

None: (Special study) Monitoring of representative U. S. waters (residue of 

concern) 

Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Data Requirements for 

Outdoor Wood Preservative Uses of DIDAC 

 For DIDAC registered for treatment of wood products used in outdoor scenarios 

(e.g., decks, decking materials, aquatic uses), the Agency anticipates requiring the 

following data in order to conduct the environmental fate and ecological risk 

assessments, including an endangered species assessment. However, note that expected 

data needs may depend on factors such as the quantities of DIDAC (and/or major 
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degradates or metabolites) leaching from wood; the types of chemical(s) leaching from 

wood (e.g., parent compound, major degradates or metabolites); the outdoor use 

scenarios in which DIDAC-treated wood may be used; and the Agency's evaluation of 

leaching data along with the available use, effects, and exposure information for DIDAC: 

Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Study Needs1 

 For use in this registration review, the following ecological effects and 

environmental fate data are anticipated as being needed: 

Anticipated Ecological Effects Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

850.4225: Seedling emergence 

850.4250: Vegetative vigor 

850.4400: Aquatic plant growth using floating macrophyte Lemna gibba 

850.5400: Aquatic plant growth (algal and aquatic plant toxicity) - Tier II 

850.1045: Acute Penaeid 

850.1300: Daphnid chronic toxicity test 

850.1350: Mysid chronic toxicity test 

850.1400: Fish early-life stage toxicity studies 

850.1500: Fish (freshwater and/or estuarine/marine species) life cycle study 

850.1710: Oyster BCF 

850.1730: Fish BCF 

850.1850: Aquatic organism bioavailability/biomagnifications, toxicity tests 

850.1735: Whole sediment, acute invertebrates (freshwater) 

850.1740: Whole sediment; acute invertebrates (estuarine/marine) 

850.1950: Field testing for aquatic organisms (estuarine/marine) 

850.2300: Avian reproductive studies with bobwhite quail and/or mallard duck 

850.3020: Honeybee acute contact LD50

850.3030: Honey Bee Toxicity of Residues on Foliage 

850.4300: Terrestrial Plants Field Study 

850.4450: Aquatic Plants Field Study 

None: (Special study) Whole sediment - chronic invertebrates (freshwater and/or 

estuarine/marine) 

Anticipated Environmental Fate Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

835.4200: Anaerobic soil metabolism 

835.6200: Aquatic (sediment) Field Dissipation 

None: (Special study) Soil leaching from wood study (AWPA E20-04) 

None: (Special study) Monitoring of representative U. S. waters (residue of 

concern) 

 

1 Test material for anticipated studies would depend in part on what chemicals are leaching from DIDACtreated wood. 
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Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Data Requirements for 

Aquatic Areas Use Pattern of DIDAC 

 For use in this registration review, the following ecological effects and 

environmental data are anticipated as being needed: 

Anticipated Ecological Effects Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

850.1300 Aquatic invertebrate chronic NOAEC using Daphnia magna 

850.1350 Aquatic invertebrate chronic NOAEC using mysid shrimp 

850.1400: Fish early-life stage and aquatic invertebrate life-cycle 

850.2300: Avian reproductive studies with bobwhite quail and/or mallard duck 

850.4225: Seedling emergence 

850.4250: Vegetative vigor dose response test using rice 

850.4400: Aquatic plant growth using floating macrophyte Lemna gibba - Tier II 

850.5400: Aquatic plant growth (algal and aquatic plant toxicity) - Tier II 

850.1045: Acute Penaeid 

850.1500: Fish (freshwater and/or estuarine/marine species) life cycle study 

850.1710: Oyster BCF 

850.1730: Fish BCF 

850.1850: Aquatic organism bioavailability/biomagnification/toxicity tests 

850.1735: Whole sediment, acute invertebrates (freshwater) 

850.1740: Whole sediment; acute invertebrates (estuarine/marine) 

850.1950: Field testing for aquatic organisms (estuarine/marine) 

850.4300: Terrestrial Plants Field Study 

850.4450: Aquatic Plants Field Study 

None: (Special study) Whole sediment - chronic invertebrates (freshwater and/or 

estuarine/marine) 

Anticipated Environmental Fate Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

835.6200: Aquatic (sediment) Field Dissipation 

None: (Special study) Monitoring of representative U. S. waters (residue of 

concern) 

Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Data Requirements for 

Once-Through Cooling Water Systems Use Pattern of DIDAC 

 DIDAC is intended for use in once-through industrial cooling water systems in 

which the water is not re-used, and is released after a single cycle through the system, and 

therefore, the Agency anticipates requiring the following data in order to conduct the 

environmental fate and ecological risk assessments, including an endangered species 

assessment. 
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Anticipated Ecological Effects and Environmental Fate Study Needs

 For use in this registration review, the following ecological effects and 

environmental data are anticipated as being needed: 

Anticipated Ecological Effects Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

850.1300 Aquatic invertebrate chronic NOAEC using Daphnia magna 

850.1350 Aquatic invertebrate chronic NOAEC using mysid shrimp 

850.1400: Fish early-life stage and aquatic invertebrate life-cycle studies 

850.4225: Seedling emergence 

850.4400: Aquatic plant growth using floating macrophyte Lemna gibba - Tier II 

850.5400: Aquatic plant growth (algal and aquatic plant toxicity) - Tier II 

850.1045: Acute Penaeid 

850.1500: Fish (freshwater and/or estuarine/marine species) life cycle study 

850.1710: Oyster BCF 

850.1730: Fish BCF 

850.1850: Aquatic organism bioavailability/biomagnification/toxicity tests 

850.1735: Whole sediment, acute invertebrates (freshwater) 

850.1740: Whole sediment; acute invertebrates (estuarine/marine) 

850.1950: Field testing for aquatic organisms (estuarine/marine) 

850.2300: Avian reproductive studies with bobwhite quail and/or mallard duck 

850.4250: Vegetative vigor dose response test using rice – Tier II (Oryza sativa) 

850.4300: Terrestrial Plants Field Study 

850.4450: Aquatic Plants Field Study 

None: (Special study) Whole sediment - chronic invertebrates (freshwater and/or 

estuarine/marine) 

Anticipated Environmental Fate Data Needs (Outdoor Use): 

Guideline Description of Anticipated Data Requirement

Number

835.1110: Activated sludge sorption isotherm 

850.6800: Modified activated sludge, respiration inhibition 

835.6200: Aquatic (sediment) Field Dissipation 

None: (Special study) Monitoring of representative U. S. waters (residue of 

concern) 

Endangered Species 

The Agency has not conducted a risk assessment that supports a complete 

endangered species determination. The ecological risk assessment planned during 

registration review will allow the Agency to determine whether use of DIDAC has “no 

effect” or “may affect” federally listed threatened or endangered species (listed species) 

or their designated critical habitats. When an assessment concludes that a pesticide’s use 
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“may affect” a listed species or its designated critical habitat, the Agency will consult 

with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or National Marine Fisheries Service (the 

Services), as appropriate. 

Incidents:

As discussed in the DDAC RED, there were many reported incidents associated 

with exposure to end-use products containing quats. However, as also noted, for the 

available incident information, it was difficult to differentiate the specific members of the 

quats involved in each incident. Therefore, all the quats are discussed together. 

Most of the incidents are related to irritation. Allergic type reactions have also 

been reported in some incidents. Symptoms associated with eye irritation are the most 

commonly reported associated with quaternary ammonium exposure. The most common 

symptoms reported for cases of ocular exposure were eye irritation/burning, eye pain, 

conjunctivitis, swelling eye and swelling of eyelid. The most common symptoms 

reported for cases of inhalation exposure were respiratory irritation/burning, irritation to 

mouth/throat/nose, coughing/choking, chest pain, disorientation, dizziness, shortness of 

breath. The most common symptoms reported for cases of dermal exposure were skin 

irritation/burning, rash, itching, and blistering. Allergic type reactions including hives 

and allergic contact dermatitis, have also been reported. Although oral exposure is 

considered a minor route of exposure for quats use, irritation to mouth/throat/nose, 

vomiting/nausea/abdominal pain, dizziness, and headache have been reported in the cases 

of ingestion. 
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IV. TIMELINE 

The EPA has created the following estimated timeline for the completion of the 

DIDAC registration review case. The Agency anticipates requiring additional data and 

residential, occupational and ecological exposure assessments for this registration review 

case. 

Anticipated Schedule

Activities 

Estimated 

Month/Year 

Phase 1: Opening the docket 

Open Public Comment Period for DIDAC Docket Completed March 2010

Close Public Comment Period Completed June 2010 

Phase 2: Case Development 

Develop Final Work Plan (FWP) August 2010 

Issue DCI September 2011 

Data Submission September 2015 

Open Public Comment Period for Preliminary Risk Assessments March 2016 

Close Public Comment Period June 2016 

Phase 3: Registration Review Decision 

Open Public Comment Period for Proposed Reg. Review Decision September 2016 

Close Public Comment Period December 2016 

Final Decision and Begin Post-Decision Follow-up 2017 

Total (years) 7 

Next Steps

The Agency plans to develop a Data Call-In for this pesticide and expects to issue 

it in September 2011. 
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V. GLOSSARY of TERMS & ABBREVIATIONS

ai Active Ingredient 

AR Anticipated Residue 

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 

AWPA American Wood Preserver’s Association 

CBI Confidential Business Information 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

cPAD Chronic Population Adjusted Dose 

CSF Confidential Statement of Formula 

CSFII USDA Continuing Surveys for Food Intake by Individuals 

DCI Data Call-In 

DEEM Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model 

DFR Dislodgeable Foliar Residue 

DNT Developmental Neurotoxicity 

DWLOC Drinking Water Level of Comparison 

EC Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulation 

EDWC Estimated Drinking Water Concentration 

EEC Estimated Environmental Concentration 

EP End use Product 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EUP End-Use Product 

FDA Food and Drug Administration 

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 

FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act 

FOB Functional Observation Battery 

GENEEC Tier I Surface Water Computer Model 

IR Index Reservoir 

LC50 Median Lethal Concentration. A statistically derived concentration of a 

substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of test animals. It is 

usually expressed as the weight of substance per weight or volume of water, air 

or feed, e.g., mg/l, mg/kg or ppm. 

LD50 Median Lethal Dose. A statistically derived single dose that can be expected to 

cause death in 50% of the test animals when administered by the route indicated 

(oral, dermal, inhalation). It is expressed as a weight of substance per unit 

weight of animal, e.g., mg/kg. 

LOC Level of Concern 

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level 

μg/g Micrograms Per Gram 

μg/L Micrograms Per Liter 

mg/kg/day Milligram Per Kilogram Per Day 

mg/L Milligrams Per Liter 

MOE Margin of Exposure 

MRID Master Record Identification (number). EPA's system of recording and tracking 

submitted studies. 

MUP Manufacturing-Use Product 

NA Not Applicable 

NAWQA USGS National Ambient Water Quality Assessment 

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

NR Not Required 

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level 

OPP EPA Office of Pesticide Programs 

OPPTS EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances 

PAD Population Adjusted Dose 
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PAIRA Pure Active Ingredient Radiolabelled 

PCA Percent Crop Area 

PDP USDA Pesticide Data Program 

PHED Pesticide Handler's Exposure Data 

PHI Preharvest Interval 

phr Pounds Per Hundred 

ppb Parts Per Billion 

PPE Personal Protective Equipment 

ppm Parts Per Million 

PRZM/EXAMS Tier II Surface Water Computer Model 

Q1* The Carcinogenic Potential of a Compound, Quantified by the EPA's Cancer 

Risk Model 

RAC Raw Agriculture Commodity 

RED Reregistration Eligibility Decision 

REI Restricted Entry Interval 

RfD Reference Dose 

RQ Risk Quotient 

RTU Ready to Use 

SCI-GROW Tier I Ground Water Computer Model 

SAP Science Advisory Panel 

SF Safety Factor 

SLN Special Local Need (Registrations Under Section 24©) of FIFRA) 

TGAI Technical Grade Active Ingredient 

TEP Typical End-Use Product 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

UF Uncertainty Factor 

WPS Worker Protection Standard