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### S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

**C O U R T O F A P P E A L S**

UNPUBLISHED In re J. L. THOMAS, Minor. August 14, 2018

No. 342183 Wayne Circuit Court Family Division LC No. 17

- 000220

- NA

Before: S WARTZLE , P .J., and C AVANAGH and M. J. K ELLY , JJ.

P ER C URIAM

. Respondent appeals by right the trial court order terminating the “ unknown biological father’s” par ental rights to the minor child under MCL 712A.19b(3)(c) (conditions that led to adjudication continue to exist or conditions that caused the child to come within the court ’ s jurisdiction have not been rectified), 3(g) (failure to provide proper care and custody), 3(h) (parental imprisonment), and 3(i) (sibling parental right termination). We aff irm.

On August 19, 2017

, t he Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) petitioned for removal of the minor child , JT, from the mother ’ s care and termination of parental rights due to the mother ’ s incarceration at the time of JT ’ s birth

. The petition also named respondent as JT ’ s putative father. JT ’ s mother and respondent were both incarce rated for second

- degree murder

. JT was placed with his maternal grandfather. JT ’ s mother ’ s rights to two other children had previously been terminated. JT ’ s half

- siblings were also placed with JT ’ s maternal grandfather.

Respondent was present via speakerphone at a pretrial on September 20, 2017. Respondent had not established paternity for JT, and when asked if he “ ha[d] any interest ” in JT, respondent stated, “ I ’ m not saying the child is mine or isn ’ t mine. But before I say that he is or isn ’ t, I would like a DNA test before we move any further. ” A DNA test at DHHS expense was ordered and the referee stated that the termination trial would be adjourned if a DNA test w as not yet available on the date of the termination trial.

At the termination trial on November 16, 2017

, JT ’ s mother was present via video, and respondent was present via telephone. Respondent did not speak throughout the tri al. The referee found that JT was without proper care and custody because JT ’ s mother was to be incarcerated for at least 10 years and because “ no man ha[d] established paternity. ” The referee found that “ [t]he father of the child [was] unknown and unide ntifiable. ” The referee found that termination of parental rights was in the child ’ s best interests because JT ’ s mother could not provide a home for him due to her incarceration and JT was placed in “ the only stable permanent- 2

- home that he [had] known sinc e birth. ” A n order terminating the parental rights of JT ’ s mother and the “ unknown biological father ” was subsequently entered.

On appeal, respondent argues that his due process rights were violated because the trial court failed to provide him with a DNA test, failed to adjourn the trial pending the results of a DNA test, found statutory grounds for termination before respondent completed a DNA test, and found that termination was in the child ’ s best interests before respondent completed a DNA test. We disagree.

Respondent did not raise these arguments in the trial court; accordingly, these issues are not preserved. See In re Utrera , 281 Mich App 1, 8; 761 NW2d 253 (2008). This Court reviews unpreserved claims for plain error affecting substantial rights. Id

. MCR 3.903(A)(18) defines “ parent ” as “ t he mother, the father as defined in MCR 3.903(A)(7) , or both, of the minor

. ” MCR 3.903(A)(7) defines “ father ” as:
(a) A man married to the mother at any time from a minor ’ s concept ion to the minor ’ s birth, unless a court has determined, after notice and a hearing, that the minor was conceived or born during the marriage, but is not the issue of the marriage;

(b) A man who legally adopts the minor;

(c) A man who by order of filiation or by judgment of paternity is judicially determined to be the father of the minor;

(d) A man judicially determined to have parental rights; or

(e) A man whose paternity is established by the completion and filing of an acknow ledgment of parentage

. . . .

MCR 3.903(A)(24) defines “ putative father ” as “ a man who is alleged to be the biological father of a child who has no father as defined in MCR 3.903(A)(7). ”

“ [T]here has yet to be any determination in this state that a putative father of a child born
out of wedlock, without a court determination of paternity, has a protected liberty interest with respect to the child he claims as his own. ” In re MKK , 286 Mich App 546, 561; 781 NW2d 132 (2009) (quotation marks and citation omitted) . However, a putative f ather may have a protected liberty interest with respect to the parent

- child relationship if he has established a custodial or supportive relationship under MCL 710.39(2). Id

. In this case, respondent has not claimed JT as his child, nor has there been a n order of filiation, a judgment of paternity, or an affidavit of parentage. Respondent never claimed to be JT ’ s father. In fact, respondent denied that he was JT’s father. There was nothing in the record to show that respondent has ever met JT or provi ded support for JT in any way. Accordingly, respondent is merely a putative father, MCR 3.903(A)(24), and he does not have a protected liberty interest with respect to JT, see In re MKK , 286 Mich App at 561. Respondent cites no- 3

- authority for his argument that the trial court was required to determine whether he was JT ’ s legal father before terminating his parental rights. Likewise, respondent cites no authority for his arguments that his due process rights were violated because of the trial court ’s fail u re to order a DNA test

, to adjourn the termination trial to obtain a DNA test, and by ma king findings on statutory grounds for termination and the child ’ s best interests before a DNA test was completed. Respondent cannot merely announce his position and l eave it up to this Court to rationalize the basis for his claim or to search for applicable authority in support of his position. See In re TK

, 306 Mich App 698, 712; 859 NW2d 208 (2014) (citation omitted)

.

T here is nothing in the record to indicate that respondent was in any way prevented from completing a DNA test or from requesting an adjournment of the termination trial. Respondent had nearly two months to complete the DNA test or to request an adjournment of the termination trial. Respondent was pre sent at the termination trial by speakerphone, and there is nothing in the record to indicate that he was prevented from speaking. Respondent does not allege on appeal that petitioner or the referee in any way prevented him from completing a DNA test o r f rom speaking at the termination trial. Respondent argues that he was prevented from meaningfully participating in the termination trial. However, nothing in the record indicates that respondent ’ s rights as a putative father were violated.

Respondent brie fly argues that the trial court should not have terminated his parental rights without giving him the opportunity to participate in services. However, petitioner is not required to provide services to a putative parent. In re LE , 278 Mich App 1, 18

- 19; 7 47 NW2d 883 (2008) . Respondent also argues that termination should not have been considered in this case because JT was placed with a relative. However, placement of a child with relatives is only one factor to consider. MCL 712A.19a(8)(a). In this cas e, the referee acknowledged that placement with a relative usually weighs against termination, but found that termination was still in JT ’ s best interests because he was with his siblings “ in the only stable permanent home that he [had] known since his bir th, ” JT ’ s mother was incarcerated, and JT had no legal father.

Regardless, the trial court properly concluded that there was clear and convincing evidence to support termination of JT ’ s mother ’ s and the unknown biological father ’ s parental rights

, and that such termination was in JT ’ s best interests. On appeal, respondent makes no substantive argument to the contrary. Accordingly, we find no plain error with regard to the trial
court ’ s decision to terminate parental rights to JT ’ s “ unknown biological father. ”

Affirmed.

/s/ Brock A. Swartzle /s/ Mark J. Cavanagh /s/ Michael J. Kelly