The State of New Jersey

Department of Environmental Protection

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for

the Attainment and Maintenance of the

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards

Final

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan 

For 

Annual 15 μg/m3 and Daily 35 μg/m3

PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

December 2012
i

PREFACE

This document acknowledges the improvement in New Jersey’s outdoor fine particulate matter

(PM2.5) air quality by requesting that the United States Environmental Protection Agency 

(USEPA) redesignate New Jersey’s portions of its two multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas to 

attainment for the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality 

Standards (NAAQS), in accordance with the Clean Air Act.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) acknowledges the efforts 

and assistance of the agencies and individuals whose contributions were instrumental in the 

preparation of this implementation plan revision. In particular, the Department wishes to 

acknowledge the individuals within the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), the 

North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority, Inc. (NJTPA), Delaware Valley Regional 

Planning Commission (DVRPC), Region II of the United States Environmental Protection 

Agency, and the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARAMA), AMEC

Environment and Infrastructure and SRA International, Inc. for technical contractual support, as 

well as staff within the NJDEP for their assistance and guidance.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE....................................................................................................................................i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...............................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................................ii

LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................iii

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................iv

LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................v

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... viii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

2.0 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 3

3.0 AIR QUALITY .............................................................................................................. 5

4.0 REQUEST FOR REDESIGNATION OF AREA TO ATTAINMENT..............................11

4.1 Demonstration of Attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS ......................................................11

4.2 Clean Air Act Section 110 (k) SIP Requirements ........................................................15

4.3 Permanent and Enforceable Improvement in Air Quality.............................................15

4.4 Clean Air Act Part A Section 110 and Part D Requirements........................................20

4.4.1 Infrastructure Requirements........................................................................................20

4.4.2 Transport ....................................................................................................................20

4.4.3 Clean Air Act Part D Requirements.............................................................................21

4.5 Maintenance Plan .......................................................................................................24

4.5.1 Emission Inventories...................................................................................................24

4.5.2 Maintenance Demonstration .......................................................................................35

4.5.3 PM2.5 Control Measures ..............................................................................................38

4.5.4 Monitoring Network and Verification of Continued Attainment.....................................46

4.5.5 Contingency Plan........................................................................................................47

4.6 Transportation Conformity...........................................................................................48

4.6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................48

4.6.2 Budgets for Attainment and Maintenance of the Annual and Daily PM2.5 NAAQS........50

5.0 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................53
iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1a: New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its 

Precursors in New Jersey .........................................................................................................16

Table 1b: Federal Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its 

Precursors in New Jersey .........................................................................................................18

Table 2: PM2.5, 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........27

Table 3: NOx 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........28

Table 4: SO2 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........29

Table 5: PM2.5, 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................30

Table 6: NOx 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................30

Table 7: SO2 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by 

County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................31

Table 8: 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM2.5 NOx and SO2 Emissions Summary

Multi-State (NJ, NY, CT) Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area.....36

Table 9: 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM2.5 NOx and SO2 Emissions Summary Multi-State (NJ, PA, 

DE) Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area....................................................37

Table 10: Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025 

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........39

Table 11: Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025 

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey- Pennsylvania-Delaware Nonattainment Area.....42

Table 12: Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets for Both the PM2.5 Daily NAAQS and 

PM2.5 Annual NAAQS................................................................................................................51

Table 13: Calculation of 2025 Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets............................52
iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: New Jersey’s Multi-State PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas.................................................. 4

Figure 2: PM2.5 Monitoring Locations in New Jersey ................................................................... 5

Figure 3: Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area............................................. 6

Figure 4: Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area............................................. 6

Figure 5: Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area............................................................ 7

Figure 6: Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area............................................................ 7

Figure 7: New Jersey Statewide Averages: 2002-2011 Speciation Data (μg/m3).......................10

Figure 8: New Jersey Statewide Averages, New Jersey: 2002-2011 Speciation Data (%).........10

Figure 9: 2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area............................................13

Figure 10: 2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area............................................13

Figure 11: 2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area...........................................................14

Figure 12: 2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area...........................................................14

Figure 13: PM2.5 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........32

Figure 14: NOx Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........32

Figure 15: SO2 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area ........33

Figure 16: PM2.5 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................33

Figure 17: NOx ProjectedEmissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................34

Figure 18: SO2 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area........................34

Figure 19: Metropolitan Planning Organizations in New Jersey.................................................50
v

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I: USEPA Guidance Documents

Appendix II: Historical Summary of New Jersey’s PM2.5 State Implementation Plans

Appendix III: Monitoring Data

Appendix IV: Seasonal PM2.5 Monitoring Data Analysis

Appendix V: 2007 Attainment Emissions Inventory

Attachment V-1:* Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2007 

Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the 

Northeast / Mid-Atlantic Region, Version 3.3. 

Attachment V-2:* 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by SCC

Attachment V-3:* 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by Facility

Attachment V-4a:* 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by Unit

Attachment V-4b:* 2007 Point Source Inventory by Unit with Control Efficiencies

Attachment V-5:* 2007 Area Source Calculation Methodology Sheets

Attachment V-6:* 2007 and 2025 Area Source Inventory

Attachment V-7:* 2007 Nonroad Inventory

Attachment V-8:* Point Source Quality Assurance Documentation

Appendix VI: 2025 Projection Emissions Inventory

Attachment VI-1:* Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 

Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the 

Northeast / Mid-Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, Rev. 1

Attachment VI-2:* Area Source Inventory Growth Factor Tables

Attachment VI-3:* Nonroad Inventory Attachments

Appendix VII: Onroad Sources Emissions Inventories 2007, 2009 and 2025

Attachment VII-1:* Onroad inventory 2007, 2009, and 2025

Attachment VII-2:* MOVES Inputs and Outputs

Appendix VIII: 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory

Attachment VIII-1:* 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory, NNJ-NY-CT NAA

Attachment VIII-2:* 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory, SNJ-Phila. NAA

Attachment VIII-3:* Technical Support Document for the Development of the 

2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in 

the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Region, Version 3.3

Appendix IX: 2008 Inventory and 2007/2008/2025 Inventory Comparison

Attachment IX-1:* 2008 Inventory and 2007/2008/2025 Inventory Comparison

Appendix X: Transportation Conformity Background

Appendix XI: Public Participation and Response to Comments

Attachment XI-1:* Notice of Availability of SIP

Attachment XI-2:* Documentation of Notices and New Jersey Register

Attachment XI-3:* Control Measure Benefit Summary for New Jersey Post 2002

* Only available electronically at: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/baqp/sip/siprevs.htm
vi

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

μg/m3 Micrograms per cubic meter

AEL Alternative Emission Limit

AIRS Aerometric Information Retrieval System

AQS Air Quality System

BAM Bureau of Air Monitoring

CAA Clean Air Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas

CSAPR Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

CTG Control Technique Guideline

DV Design Value

DVRPC Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission

EGU Electric Generating Unit

Fed. Reg. Federal Register

FRM Federal Reference Method

FSEL Facility-Specific Emission Limit

HDDV Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle

HEDD High Electric Demand Day

ICI Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

I/M Inspection and Maintenance

kW Kilowatt

LEV Low Emission Vehicle

MACT Maximum Available Control Technology

MARAMA Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association

MATS Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization

NAA Nonattainment Area

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

NJDOT New Jersey Department of Transportation

N.J.R. New Jersey Register

NJTPA North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority

NNEM National Nonroad Emissions Model

NNSR Nonattainment New Source Review

NOx Oxides of Nitrogen

NSPS New Source Performance Standard

NSR New Source Review

OBD On-Board Diagnostics

PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

ppm parts per million

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration

PSEG Public Service Electric and Gas Company

Pub.L. Public Law

RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology

RFP Reasonable Further Progress

RICE Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine

SIP State Implementation Plan

SIL Significant Impact Level

SJTPO South Jersey Transportation Planning Organization

SMC Significant Monitoring Concentration
vii

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide

TCM Transportation Control Measure

TDM Travel Demand Model

TIP Transportation Improvement Program

U.S.C. United States Code

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VMT vehicle miles traveled
viii

Figure ES.1

2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut 

Nonattainment Area

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Request for Redesignation demonstrates that both of the multi-state nonattainment areas

associated with New Jersey (the Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern 

New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Areas) are meeting the fine particle health standards

for PM2.5 for the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 standards. 

The redesignation action is a major 

milestone in New Jersey’s clean air effort. 

Attainment of the PM2.5 National Ambient 

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) represents 

a significant health benefit to the citizens of 

New Jersey.

Figures ES.1 through ES.4 summarize the 

2009 monitoring data for both 

nonattainment areas for the annual and 

daily standards. The 2010 and 2011 

monitoring data continue to show 

compliance with the standards.

PM2.5 has significant health effects with no clear 

threshold below which adverse effects are not 

experienced by at least certain segments of 

the population. Exposure to PM2.5 can cause 

a variety of health problems, such as 

premature mortality, decreased lung function 

and difficulty breathing, asthma attacks. 

Other effects include reduced visibility, loss of 

biodiversity, damage to manmade structures, 

sensitive forests, and farm crops, and 

contributes to global warming and the 

formation of acid rain.

Figure ES.2

2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut 

Nonattainment Area
ix

Figure ES.5

Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value 

Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New YorkConnecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure ES.6

Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design 

Value Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut 

Nonattainment Area

Figure ES.4

2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design 

Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia 

Air quality monitoring data show a trend over the past decade of improving PM2.5 air quality, for 

both of New Jersey’s multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas, as shown in Figures ES.5 through

ES.8. This reduction is due to significant decreases over the 10-year period in all six of the 

primary PM2.5 components: sulfate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, sulfur, and elemental 

carbon.

Organic carbon and sulfates are the top two largest contributors on an individual basis to the 

PM2.5 mass. Similar decreases are noted in the annual average data and in the top 10 percent

highest PM2.5 days, except for elemental carbon, which remains about the same.

New Jersey attained the standards due to permanent and enforceable measures that the State 

and Federal Government adopted or implemented. 

Figure ES.3

2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia 

Nonattainment Area
x

Figure ES.7

Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value 

Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia 

Nonattainment Area

Figure ES.8

Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design 

Value Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia 

Nonattainment Area

New Jersey’s northern and southern nonattainment areas are projected to continue to meet the

annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 PM2.5 NAAQS through 2025, as emissions are projected to 

continue to decrease. Figures ES.9 and ES.10 show that emissions of PM2.5 and its precursors, 

NOx and SO2, are projected to decrease from 2007 to 2025. The year 2025 represents the end 

of the first maintenance period to demonstrate continued compliance with the standards

New Jersey will continue to track and evaluate PM2.5 air concentrations and take appropriate 

steps to maintain the NAAQS. To verify that the New Jersey portions of its shared multi-state 

PM2.5 nonattainment areas remain in attainment, New Jersey will continue to operate an 

appropriate air monitoring network. New Jersey will work with the other states in the shared 

multi-state nonattainment areas, as necessary. The maintenance plan includes a contingency 

plan that will be promptly implemented to assess and correct a violation of the NAAQS should 

one occur after redesignation.

Figure ES.9

PM2.5, NOx and SO2 Emissions Inventory 

Projections 2007 to 2025

New Jersey Portion of the Northern New JerseyNew York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure ES.10

PM2.5, NOx and SO2 Emissions Inventory 

Projections 2007 to 2025

New Jersey Portion of the Southern New JerseyPhiladelphia Nonattainment Area
xi

This redesignation request also includes transportation conformity budgets for New Jersey for 

2009 and 2025. The purpose of these 2025 budgets is to ensure that emissions from onroad 

mobile sources will not grow above the planned values.

New Jersey requests that the USEPA redesignate the New Jersey portions of both of its shared

multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3

PM2.5 NAAQS in accordance with the Clean Air Act.
1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to request that the United States Environmental Protection 

Agency (USEPA) redesignate the New Jersey portions of both of its shared multi-state fine 

particulate matter (PM2.5) nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 

35 μg/m3 NAAQS, in accordance with the Federal Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. This 

State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision presents the request for redesignation in accordance 

with the information required by the Clean Air Act.

This redesignation request includes the following:

1) current air quality monitoring data that show the Northern New Jersey-New YorkConnecticut (NNJ-NY-CT) and the Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia (SNJ-Phila.) 

PM2.5 nonattainment areas meet the PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

(NAAQS);

2) historical air quality monitoring data that show a significant decreasing trend in PM2.5

concentrations over time in both PM2.5 nonattainment areas;

3) the information necessary to support a request to the USEPA to redesignate the New 

Jersey portions of the NNJ-NY-CT and the SNJ-Phila. PM2.5 nonattainment areas to 

attainment for the annual and daily PM2.5 standards;

4) a Maintenance Plan that demonstrates a continuing downward trend in emissions of 

PM2.5, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions through 2025, and 

provides a Contingency Plan that would be implemented should the air quality violate the 

PM2.5 NAAQS in the future; and

5) transportation conformity budgets for use in assuring maintenance of the standard.

The USEPA issued guidance to assist the states in preparing a request to redesignate areas to 

attainment.

1,2 These guidance documents are included as Appendix I. 

 1 USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing Requests to 

Redesignate Areas to Attainment, from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, to 

Regional Air Directors.

2 USEPA memorandum dated March 2, 2012, entitled Implementation Guidance for the 2006 24-Hour 

Fine Particle (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), from Stephen D. Page, Director, 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, to Regional Air Directors.
2

New Jersey Goal to Reach 12 μg/m3 and the New NAAQS

New Jersey established a state specific goal of 12 μg/m3 for the annual PM2.5 standard in 2005, 

which is a 20 percent reduction from the Federal annual PM2.5 NAAQS of 15 μg/m3 established 

in 1997. At the time, the goal was consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) 

annual PM2.5 standard of 12 μg/m3

.

3,4

 The USEPA promulgated a more stringent annual PM2.5

NAAQS of 12 μg/m3 on December 14, 2012. The State’s monitors are in compliance with New 

Jersey’s Goal and the new annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 

State Strategic Plan (SSP)

The State of New Jersey developed a draft final State Strategic Plan (SSP) to coordinate and 

address opportunities for responsible economic growth and redevelopment in New Jersey, while 

balancing environmental stewardship, improved job opportunities and social equity. 5 All state 

agencies are expected to align their goals and actions to support the vision of the State 

Strategic Plan. The goals described in the plan include targeted economic growth, effective 

planning for vibrant regions (including Garden State Values), preservation and enhancement of 

critical state resources, and tactical alignment of government. 

One of the Garden State Values included in the draft final State Strategic Plan is the protection 

of the environment, including improved air quality, to provide for healthy communities. This 

redesignation request helps achieve the goals of the draft final State Strategic Plan by 

recognizing the achievement of clean air and ensuring statewide compliance with the health 

standards for PM2.5 in the future. In turn, the draft final State Strategic Plan supports the 

redesignation plan by expanding the responsibilities for protecting air quality to all levels of State 

government and creating a link between the State’s economic growth and redevelopment goals 

with the protection of public health.

Energy Master Plan (EMP)

The Energy Master Plan strategically balances the development of new sources of clean 

energy, including natural gas, with renewables.6

 The Energy Master Plan encompasses five 

overarching goals that work to drive down the cost of energy for all customers while promoting 

clean, environmentally safe renewable sources of energy. To advance the five overarching 

goals, the 2011 Energy Master Plan developed an action plan comprised of a series of concrete

policy options and recommendations grouped by subject area in four sections: conventional 

generation and other infrastructure resources; renewable resources; energy efficiency, 

conservation, and demand response; and innovative technology opportunities. These actions 

will help improve air quality and maintain the NAAQS because cleaner energy sources result in 

lower NOx emissions, precursors to fine particulate matter, when compared to NOx emissions 

from fossil fuel- generating sources. Additionally, energy efficiency and renewable energy 

resources help avoid NOx emissions. NJDEP’s lower sulfur in heating oil rule is consistent with 

the Energy Master Plan clean energy goal. The Energy Master Plan is consistent with the State 

Strategic Plan which also focuses on economic development and job growth.

 3 CAEPA. Staff Report: Public Hearing to Consider Amendments to the Ambient Air Quality Standards 

for Particulate Matter and Sulfates. Prepared by the Staff of the Air Resources Board and the Office of 

Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (CAEPA), May 3, 

2002.

4 Adopted in 2002, pursuant to the Children’s Environmental Health Protection Act (Senate Bill 25, 

Senator Martha Escutia; Stats. 1999, Ch. 731, Sec. 3). 5 http://www.state.nj.us/state/planning/plan-draft-final.html

6 http://www.nj.gov/emp/
3

Environmentally Overburdened Communities in New Jersey

While unhealthy air quality negatively impacts human health throughout the northeastern United 

States and New Jersey, these health risks are higher for populations living near roadways and 

in urban areas. Improving air pollution in these affected areas is one of the NJDEP’s greater 

challenges. New Jersey is committed to revitalizing overburdened areas by mitigating a legacy 

of environmental degradation, including air pollution, and the resulting adverse consequences to 

public health and the environment. The actions outlined in this redesignation request will help 

New Jersey meet this commitment by continuing efforts to reduce PM2.5 emissions from the 

mobile and industrial sources impacting New Jersey’s overburdened areas. 

To address disproportionate impacts of air toxic hazards across urban areas on highly exposed 

population subgroups, the NJDEP is developing methods and strategies to assess air impacts 

from multiple sources at the community scale. These strategies build upon the pilot projects 

that were initiated in Camden and Paterson, two of New Jersey’s most urbanized areas, which 

assessed community scale air impacts. Achieving the NAAQS for fine particles is a minimum 

requirement for overburdened areas. Maintaining the health standards, with a focus on 

overburdened areas, is a commitment of this redesignation request.

2.0 BACKGROUND

The Clean Air Act requires all areas of the nation to attain and maintain compliance with 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The NAAQS are designed to protect public 

health and welfare for specific air pollutants. On For PM2.5, there are two primary, healthbased NAAQS: 

o an annual PM2.5 health-based standard of 15 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3

); and 

o a daily PM2.5 health-based standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3

) (24-hour 

average).7,8

 

Simultaneously, the USEPA established secondary (welfare-based) PM2.5 standards identical to 

the primary standards. The secondary PM2.5 standards provide public welfare protection, 

including protection against decreased visibility and damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and 

buildings.

On December 14, 2012, the USEPA promulgated a revision of the NAAQS for PM2.5. The 

USEPA lowered the annual PM2.5 standard from 15 μg/m3 to 12 μg/m3

. The State’s monitors 

are in compliance with the new annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 

The USEPA set the PM2.5 standards with 24-hour and annual averaging times to protect against 

effects from short- and long-term exposure identified by a number of published epidemiological 

studies. Attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS represents a significant health benefit to the citizens of 

New Jersey. Exposure to PM2.5 can cause a variety of health problems, such as premature 

mortality, decreased lung function and difficulty breathing, asthma attacks, and other effects, 

 7 62 Fed. Reg. 38652-760 (July 18, 1997). 8 The USEPA also revised the PM10 NAAQS by revising the 24-hour form of the PM10 standard to the 99th

percentile averaged over 3 years but retaining the 24-hour PM10 level (i.e., 150 mg/m3

) (62 Fed. Reg.

38652 (July 18, 1997)). In 2006, the USEPA revoked the annual PM10 standard (71 Fed. Reg. 61144 

(October 17, 2006)). New Jersey was not designated in nonattainment of the PM10 NAAQS and 

continues to meet the revised PM10 standards.
4

such as reduced visibility, loss of biodiversity, and damage to manmade structures, sensitive 

forests, and farm crops, and contributes to global warming and the formation of acid rain.

The New Jersey portion of the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area includes the following ten

counties: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset 

and Union. Other States counties in this nonattainment area include Bronx, Kings, Nassau, 

New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester Counties in New 

York, and Fairfield and New Haven counties in Connecticut.

The New Jersey portion of the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area includes three counties: 

Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester. Other states counties in this nonattainment area include 

Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania, and New 

Castle County in Delaware.

Figure 1 shows the multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas which include New Jersey.

A summary of New Jersey’s PM2.5 Status, SIPs, NJDEP letters to USEPA, USEPA approvals

and USEPA determinations of attainment is included as Appendix II.

Figure 1

New Jersey’s Multi-State PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas

BERKS

PIKE

ORANGE

SUFFOLK

LUZERNE

KENT

BUCKS

OCEAN

CHESTER

LANCASTER

MONROE

SUSSEX

FAIRFIELD

BURLINGTON

MORRIS

SCHUYLKILL

CECIL

WAYNE

ATLANTIC

NEW HAVEN

SALEM

KENT

COLUMBIA

CARBON

HARFORD

LEHIGH

WARREN

SULLIVAN

WYOMING

MONMOUTH

LEBANON

CUMBERLAND

HUNTERDON

WESTCHESTER

NASSAU

MIDDLESEX

BERGEN

PUTNAM

MERCER

PASSAIC

ESSEX

LITCHFIELD

UNION

NEW CASTLE

MONTGOMERY

LACKAWANNA

SOMERSET

MIDDLESEX

CAMDEN

GLOUCESTER

NORTHAM PTON

QUEEN ANNES

CAPE MAY

ROCKLAND

DELAWARE

ULSTER

QUEENS

CAROLINE

PHILADELPHIA

HARTFORD

KINGS

HUDSON

BRONX

RICHMOND

NEW YORK

In Attainment 

NY_NJ_LI_CT_nonattainment_area

PA_NJ_DE_nonattainment_area

Geographic Areas

DE

NJ

CT

NY

PA

MD

In Attainment

NNJ/NY/CT Nonattainment Area 

SNJ/Phila. Nonattainment Area
5

3.0 AIR QUALITY

In order to determine compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for 

PM2.5, the USEPA established criteria for the monitoring of ambient concentrations of PM2.5 at 

40 C.F.R. 58. New Jersey has established monitors that meet and exceed these criteria at 21

locations as shown in Figure 2 (Federal Reference Monitors (FRM)). 

Figure 2

PM2.5 Monitoring Locations in New Jersey

To determine compliance with the NAAQS, data from the Federal Reference Method (FRM) air 

quality monitors are used to calculate design values (DV)9 at each site. The data from the

monitor with the highest design value in the area are used to determine compliance with the 

NAAQS. Monitoring design values for PM2.5 show a significant decreasing trend from 1999 to 

2011 for both of New Jersey’s multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas, as shown in Figures 3

 9 The regulatory definition of meeting the Federal NAAQS is that the average of three years of 12 

consecutive quarters (or 3 years of data) is less than or equal to the standard (see Appendix N of 40 CFR 

Part 50, 4.2(a)). This is called the design value. The design value for the annual standard is the 3-year 

average of annual PM2.5 arithmetic means for a single monitoring site or a group of monitoring sites. The

design value for the 24-hour standard is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile 24-hour average values 

recorded at each monitoring site per year. 
6

through 6. A summary of the monitoring data design values for both of New Jersey’s multi-state 

nonattainment areas, from 1999 to 2011, is included in Appendix III.

Figure 3 

Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 4

Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area
7

Figure 5

Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 6

Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999-2011

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area
8

For the 2007-2009 design value period, there were 20 monitors in New Jersey’s PM2.5 

monitoring network. The monitor in the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area was started

in September 2010. Fourteen of the monitors are included in Figures 3 through 6. Four of the 

monitors in New Jersey are located in attainment counties, which is why there were not included 

in these figures. Two of monitors, in Newark and Camden were not included in these figures 

because they did not have three years of complete data. However, data from these monitors is 

below the NAAQS and is included in Appendix III.

PM2.5 Components

New Jersey collects data on the components of PM2.5 at monitoring sites across the state. This 

is also referred to as “speciation” monitoring. The New Jersey Speciation Network currently 

consists of four sites (Elizabeth, Newark, New Brunswick, and Chester shown in Figure 2) at 

which filters are collected and analyzed to determine their chemical characteristics. The 

Camden speciation monitoring site is not currently operational, but is included in the historical 

analysis discussed below and in Appendix III. The Newark monitor was not included in the 

historical analysis, because the site started operation in 2010. The speciation monitors are 

different than those used to measure attainment (Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors)

and use a different sampling method.

PM2.5 is composed of many different chemical components. An evaluation of the components of 

PM2.5 provides insight into the contributing pollution sources and the effect of existing control 

measures.

Annual statewide average speciation data are shown in Figures 7 and 8. The six most 

prevalent compounds are sulfate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, sulfur, and elemental 

carbon. The “other” compounds were calculated by averaging the sum of the measured 

concentrations from each monitor per year.10

Organic carbon, sulfate and sulfur comprise approximately 65% of the total PM2.5 mass. 

Studies11 have shown that the primary sources of organic and elemental carbon are gasoline 

and diesel vehicles and local sources such as wood burning (depending on the area and 

season), while the major contributors of sulfate are from primarily power plants and burning 

fuels that contain sulfur, such as heating oil. 

Annual 

From 2002-2011, the total PM2.5 mass measured at the speciation monitors decreased by 31% 

(-0.6 μg/m3 per year). The reduction is due to significant decreases over the 10-year period in 

all six of the primary PM2.5 components. Reductions of each of these components from 2002-

2011 in the statewide annual averages are as follows: 12

• Sulfate: -51% (-0.3 μg/m3 per year)

• Sulfur: -45% (-0.08 μg/m3 per year)

 10 The number of species measured decreased from 55 to 39 in 2010. 11 For details on other PM2.5 speciation data studies, including seasonal trends, for New Jersey and the 

region, refer to: NJDEP. State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance 

of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM2.5 Attainment 

Demonstration, Final, Chapter 2, Appendices B11 and B12. New Jersey Department of Environmental 

Protection, March 26, 2009.

12 Refer to Appendix III for additional details.
9

• Organic carbon: -55% (-0.25 μg/m3 per year)

• Elemental carbon: -34% (-0.04 μg/m3 per year)

• Ammonium: -56% (-0.13 μg/m3 per year)

• Nitrate: -42% (-0.10 μg/m3 per year)

The main difference noted in a comparison of the four sites is that the concentrations of organic 

and elemental carbon are higher at Elizabeth compared to the other three sites. This is most 

likely due to its proximity to high traffic volume, and motor vehicles (gasoline and diesel), which 

are the primary source for those species.

High Days

The highest and lowest ten percent (10%) of the days on which total PM2.5 mass was measured 

were analyzed for each year. 13 On the days with the highest total PM2.5 mass, concentrations 

decreased by 44% (-1.9 μg/m3 per year). Reductions of each of these components from 2002-

2011 on the highest (10%) days were as follows: 

• Sulfate: -57% (-0.91 μg/m3 per year)

• Sulfur: -50% (-0.26 μg/m3 per year)

• Organic Carbon: -58% (-0.45 μg/m3 per year)

• Elemental Carbon: 3% (0 μg/m3 per year)

• Ammonium: -58% (-0.36 μg/m3 per year)

• Nitrate: -42% (-0.16 μg/m3 per year)

On the days with the lowest total PM2.5 mass, decreases in total mass and the major species 

are also observed. However, there are more observed reductions of sulfate, sulfur, and organic 

carbon on high days compared to low days or on an annual basis. Additional data and graphs 

are included in Appendix III.

In summary, organic carbon, sulfates and sulfur make up the majority of the PM2.5 mass.

Significant decreases are noted in the annual average data and in the highest PM2.5 days in all 

of the six major species from 2002-2011. Organic carbon and sulfate consistently remain the 

top two largest contributors on an individual basis.

 13 See additional details in Appendix III.
10

Figure 7

New Jersey Statewide Averages: 2002-2011 Speciation Data (μg/m3

)

Figure 8

New Jersey Statewide Averages, New Jersey: 2002-2011 Speciation Data (%)

*See Appendix III for data notes.
11

4.0 REQUEST FOR REDESIGNATION OF AREA TO ATTAINMENT

The State of New Jersey is requesting the USEPA Administrator redesignate the New Jersey 

portion of both of New Jersey’s PM2.5 nonattainment areas to attainment of the annual 15 μg/m3

and daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS for PM2.5. In support of this request, the State is providing the 

following, as required by the Clean Air Act. 14, 15

1) a demonstration that both of the PM2.5 nonattainment areas associated with New Jersey

have attained the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS for PM2.5;

2) a demonstration that the applicable implementation plans are fully approved by the 

USEPA under section 110(k) of the Clean Air Act, or the requirements have been waived 

in accordance with a clean data determination or are anticipated to be waived with a 

clean data determination16;

3) information showing that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and 

enforceable reductions in emissions of PM2.5 or its precursors;

4) information demonstrating that the State has met all applicable requirements under 

section 110 and Part D of the Clean Air Act;

5) a Maintenance Plan that demonstrates the NAAQS will be maintained for 10 years 

beyond the date of redesignation; and

6) transportation conformity budgets for use in assuring maintenance of the standard.

4.1 Demonstration of Attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS

The air quality in both of the multi-state nonattainment areas associated with New Jersey

attained the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS for PM2.5 . Some monitors have 

incomplete data, which has been addressed by data substitution and/or statistical analyses. In 

addition, as shown in Section 3.0, monitoring design values show a significant decreasing trend 

from 1999-2011 for both of New Jersey’s multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas. 

Annual 15 μg/m3 NAAQS

The USEPA has issued a final clean data determination for the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area 

on November 15, 2010 which determined that the entire nonattainment area had attained the 

annual 15 μg/m3 PM2.5 NAAQS for the 2007-2009 monitoring period.17,18 The USEPA finalized a 

determination that the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area is in attainment of the annual standard for 

 14 42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)(E). 15 42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)(D). 16 USEPA memorandum, dated December 14, 2004, entitled Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards, from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning 

and Standards. 

17 75 FR 69589 (November 15, 2010). 18 The incomplete data are addressed in the USEPA’s action using a statistical bootstrapping analysis; 75 

FR 45079-80 (August 2, 2010).
12

2007-2009 monitoring period.

19,20 

Daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS

New Jersey submitted a request to the USEPA on October 5, 2011 requesting that the USEPA 

determine that both of New Jersey’s multi-state nonattainment areas had attained the daily 35 

μg/m3 PM2.5 standard. The USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the Northern New 

Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia nonattainment areas on

August 30, 201221 and October 2, 2012,

22 respectively.

Figures 9-12 summarize the 2009 design value monitoring data for both nonattainment areas for 

the annual and daily standards. See Section 3.0 for details on how design values are 

calculated. Detailed monitoring data tables for the 2009, 2010 and 2011 monitoring data design 

values are included in Appendix III. The 2010 and 2011 monitoring data continue to show 

compliance with the standards, as well as continuing to show a decreasing trend.

 19 77 FR 28782 (May 16, 2012). 20 The incomplete data are addressed in the USEPA’s action using data substitution and a statistical 

bootstrapping analysis; 77 FR 3223 (January 23, 2012). 21 77 FR 52626 (August 30, 2012) 22 77 FR 60089 (October 2, 2012)
13

Figure 9

2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 10

2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area
14

Figure 11

2007-2009 Annual PM2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 12

2007-2009 Daily (24-Hour) PM2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area
15

4.2 Clean Air Act Section 110 (k) SIP Requirements

A clean data determination suspends the requirement for states to submit certain State 

Implementation Plan (SIP) elements, including an attainment demonstration and contingency 

measure plan.23 New Jersey submitted a SIP to the USEPA for the annual 15 μg/m3 PM2.5 

NAAQS standard, but the USEPA has not acted upon it. New Jersey is relying on a clean data 

determination to suspend the SIP requirements for the daily standard.

Annual 15 μg/m3 NAAQS

As discussed in Section 4.1, the USEPA issued a final clean data determination for the Northern 

New Jersey-New York-Connecticut nonattainment area on November 15, 2010 determining the 

entire nonattainment area had attained the annual 15 μg/m3 PM2.5 NAAQS for the 2007-2009 

monitoring period. 24 The USEPA finalized a determination that the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment 

area is in attainment of the annual standard for 2007-2009 monitoring period.25

Daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS

New Jersey submitted a request to the USEPA on October 5, 2011 requesting that the USEPA 

determine that both of New Jersey’s multi-state nonattainment areas had attained the daily 35 

μg/m3 PM2.5 standard. The USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the Northern New 

Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia nonattainment areas on

August 30, 201226 and October 2, 2012,27 respectively. 

SIP

On March 26, 2009, New Jersey submitted to the USEPA a demonstration of attainment of the 

annual 15 μg/m3 PM2.5 NAAQS for New Jersey’s two shared multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment 

areas.28 New Jersey provided technical supplements to the attainment plan on December 17, 

2009 and June 29, 2010 that provided additional information regarding the emission inventories, 

control measures, and contingency measures in the State’s attainment plan. The USEPA has 

not taken action on approval of this SIP as of December 1, 2012.

4.3 Permanent and Enforceable Improvement in Air Quality

The improvement in air quality in New Jersey’s multi-state nonattainment areas is due to 

permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions of PM2.5 and its precursors, NOx and SO2,

from State and Federal air pollution control measures. The control measures shown in Tables

1a and 1b summarize New Jersey and Federal measures which provided emission reductions 

for PM2.5, NOx and SO2 from 2002 to 2009, the year modeled for the attainment demonstration

and the year New Jersey came into compliance with the standards. The tables also summarize

the maintenance plan measures from the 2007 base year to the 2025 projection year, discussed 

in more detail in Section 4.5.

 23 USEPA memorandum, dated December 14, 2004, entitled Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards, from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning 

and Standards. 

24 75 FR 69589 (November 15, 2010). 25 77 FR 28782 (May 16, 2012). 26 77 FR 52626 (August 30, 2012) 27 77 FR 60089 (October 2, 2012)
16

These summaries show there are additional existing adopted control measures that have not 

yet been fully implemented and will result in additional emission reductions in the future.

The table also summarizes measures that support the SIP and will contribute to additional 

emission reductions, but were not included in the SIP demonstration because they were not 

quantified or they are VOC measures. The USEPA does not consider VOC as a PM2.5

precursor for SIP and conformity purposes, it is anticipated that these measures provide benefit 

towards the reduction of PM2.5.

The pre-2009 measures that have contributed towards the observed emission reductions 

include the State’s NOx Budget program (nitrates), Power plant consent decrees (large sulfate 

reductions), the Federal motor vehicle control program (organic carbon and nitrates), emission 

limits on boilers (nitrates), New Jersey’s motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program for 

gasoline (organic carbon and nitrates) and diesel vehicles (PM2.5) and New Jersey’s area 

source VOC rules for consumer products, paints and adhesive application (organic carbon).

Table 1a

New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure

Effective 

Start Date of 

Benefits

Pollutant (2)

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA Approval

New Jersey Measures 2002-2009

Vehicle IM Program 1974 VOC, NOx, 

CO NJAC 7:27-15

NOx Budget 1999, 2003 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27-30 10/1/07

EGU - BL England ACO 2000-2009 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx NA NA

EGU - PSEG-Consent Decree 2002-2010 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx NA

Filed 7/26/02; 

amended 

11/30/06

Refinery Consent Decree (Sunoco) 2005-2010 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC NA

Filed 12/2/03; 

amended 3/15/04; 

terminated 3/5/12

Refinery Consent Decrees (Valero) 2006-2010 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC NA Filed 6/16/05

Refinery Consent Decrees 

(ConocoPhillips) 2006-2010 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC NA Filed 1/27/05

ICI Boilers, Turbines and Engines 2005 2007-2010 NOx NJAC 7:27-27.19 7/31/07

Case by Case NOx and VOC 

(FSELs/AELs) 2009 NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27-16, 19 8/3/10

Sewage and Sludge incinerators 2009 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.28 8/3/10

New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle 

(LEV) Program 2009 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC, NJAC 7:27-29 2/13/08

Municipal Waste Combustors 

(Incinerators) 2009, 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/10

Asphalt Production Plants 2009, 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.9 8/3/10

ICI Boilers 2009 2009-2011 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/10

EGU-High Electric Demand Day 

(HEDD) 2009, 2015 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27-19.29 8/3/10
17

Table 1a

New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure

Effective 

Start Date of 

Benefits

Pollutant (2)

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA Approval

New Jersey SIP Maintenance Plan Measures 2007-2025

Vehicle IM Program 1974 VOC, NOx, 

CO NJAC 7:27-15

EGU - PSEG-Consent Decree 2002-2010 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx NA NA

Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, 

Valero, and ConocoPhillips) 2005-2010 PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA See above

ICI Boilers, Turbines and Engines 2005 2007-2010 NOx NJAC 7:27-27.19 7/31/07

Case by Case NOx and VOC 

(FSELs/AELs) 2009 NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27-16, 19 8/3/10

Sewage and Sludge Incinerators 2009 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.28 8/3/10

New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle 

(LEV) Program 2009 (1) PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC, NJAC 7:27-29 2/13/08

Municipal Waste Combustors 

(Incinerators) 2009, 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/10

Asphalt Production Plants 2009, 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.9 8/3/10

ICI Boilers 2009 2009-2011 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/10

EGU-High Electric Demand Day 

(HEDD) 2009, 2015 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27-19.29 8/3/10

Vehicle IM Program Revisions 2009 2010 VOC, NOx, 

CO NJAC 7:27-15 9/16/11

Diesel Smoke IM Cutpoint Rule 

Amendments 2010, 2011 PM2.5, NOx NJAC 7:27-14 Pending

Vehicle Idling Rule Amendments 2011 PM2.5, NOx NJAC 7:27-14.1, 

14.3 4/14/09

Glass Manufacturing 2012 NOx NJAC 7:27-19.10 8/3/10

EGU - Coal-fired Boilers, Oil and Gas 

Fired Boilers 2013 PM2.5, SO2, NOx

NJAC 7:27-4.2, 

10.2, 19.4 8/3/10

Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel 

Strategies 2014, 2016 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27-9 1/3/12

New Jersey Measures That Support The SIP

Stage I and II 2003 VOC NJAC 7:27-16 7/2/04

Architectural Coatings 2005 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27-23 11/30/05

Consumer Products 2005 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27-24 1/25/06

Mobile Equipment Refinishing 

(Autobody) 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27-16 7/2/04

Solvent Cleaning 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27-16 7/2/04

Portable Fuel Containers 2005 2005-2015 (1) VOC NJAC 7:27-24 1/25/06

Mercury Rule 2006-2012 Hg, PM2.5, 

SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27-27 NA

Diesel Vehicle Retrofit Program 2008-2015 PM2.5 NJAC 7:27-32, 14 NA

Consumer Products 2009 2009 (1) VOC NJAC 7:27-24 7/22/10

Adhesives & Sealants 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27-26 7/22/10
18

Table 1a

New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure

Effective 

Start Date of 

Benefits

Pollutant (2)

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA Approval

Asphalt Paving (cutback and emulsified) 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27-16.19 8/3/10

CTG Group 1: Printing 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27-16.7 8/3/10

Portable Fuel Containers 2009 2009-2019 VOC NJAC 7:27-24 7/22/10

Petroleum Storage 2010-2019 VOC NJAC 7:27-16.2 8/3/10

EGU - BL England ACO 2013 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx NA NA

New Jersey Clean Construction 

Program 2014 PM2.5 NA NA

Refinery Consent Decree (Hess) 2015 PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC NA NA

Nonattainment New Source Review 

(NNSR) Ongoing PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27-8 NA

Prevention of Significant Deterioration 

(PSD) Ongoing PM2.5, SO2, 

NOx, VOC NA NA

Energy Master Plan Ongoing Various NA NA

Table 1b

Federal Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective Start 

Date of Benefits Pollutant (2)

Federal Measures 2002-2009

Residential Woodstove NSPS 1988 (1) PM, NOx, CO, VOC

Motor Vehicle Control Program (Tier 1 and Tier 2) 1994, 2004 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx, 

CO, VOC

Acid Rain Program 1995-2000 SO2, NOx

Nonroad Diesel Engine Standards 1996-2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, 

VOC

Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition 

Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden) 1997-2010 (1) NOx, VOC, CO 

Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines 

at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden)

1997-2012 (1) NOx, VOC, CO 

Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) Defeat Device Settlement 1998 (1) NOx

Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines 1998-2010 (1) VOC, NOx, PM2.5

National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) 1999 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Large Industrial Spark-Ignition Engines over 19 kW (>50 hp) 

Tier 1 and Tier 2

2004-2007 (1) NOx, CO

Heavy-Duty Highway Rule - Vehicle Standards and Diesel 

Fuel Sulfur Control 2004, 2010 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW Category 1 Tier 2, 

Category 2 Tier 2, Category 3 Tier 1

2004-2016 (1) NOx, VOC

Recreational Vehicles (includes snowmobiles, off-highway 

motorcycles, and all-terrain vehicles) 2006-2012 (1) NOx, CO, VOC

Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression-Ignition 

Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder Tier 2 and Tier 3

2006-2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC
19

Table 1b

Federal Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective Start 

Date of Benefits Pollutant (2)

USEPA MACT Standards including Industrial Boiler/Process 

Heater MACT 2009 VOC

Federal SIP Maintenance Plan Measures 2007-2025

Residential Woodstove NSPS 1988 (1) PM, NOx, CO, VOC

Motor Vehicle Control Program (Tier 1 and Tier 2) 1994, 2004 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx, 

CO, VOC

Nonroad Diesel Engine Standards 1996-2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition 

Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden)

1997-2010 (1) NOx, VOC, CO 

Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines 

at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden)

1997-2012 (1) NOx, VOC, CO 

Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) Defeat Device Settlement 1998 (1) NOx

Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines 1998-2010 (1) VOC, NOx, PM2.5

National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) 1999 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Large Industrial Spark-Ignition Engines over 19 kW (>50 hp) 

Tier 1 and Tier 2

2004-2007 (1) NOx, CO

Heavy-Duty Highway Rule - Vehicle Standards and Diesel 

Fuel Sulfur Control 2004, 2010 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW Category 1 Tier 2, 

Category 2 Tier 2, Category 3 Tier 1

2004-2016 (1) NOx, VOC

Recreational Vehicles (includes snowmobiles, off-highway 

motorcycles, and all-terrain vehicles) 2006-2012 (1) NOx, CO, VOC

Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression-Ignition 

Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder Tier 2 and Tier 3

2006-2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

USEPA MACT Standards including Industrial Boiler/Process 

Heater MACT 2009 VOC

RICE MACT 2014 PM2.5, NOx

Federal Measures That Support The SIP

Energy Conservation Standards for New Fed Comm and MultiFamily High-Rise Res Buildings and New Low-Rise Res 

Buildings

2012 SO2, NOx

Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) 

Coal- and oil-fired EGUs 2016 PM2.5, SO2, NOx

Legend/Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

EGU - Electric Generating Unit

ICI = Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Boilers

IM = Inspection and Maintenance

RICE = Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

MACT = Maximum Achievable Control Technology

CTG = Control Technology Guideline

1. Turnover rule which means measure has cumulative benefits each year until complete fleet or equipment turnover

2. Although the USEPA does not consider VOC as a PM2.5 precursor for SIP and conformity purposes,

 NJ anticipates PM2.5 benefit from the implementation of these measures.
20

A detailed description of the post 2002 control measures shown in Tables 1a can be found in 

the March 26, 2009 SIP, Section 4.0.

29

A more detailed summary of the control measures including estimated emission reductions is

included in this SIP in Appendix XI Attachment 3.

The air quality data obtained from monitoring verify the continued improvement in air quality that 

was projected in the March 26, 2009 PM2.5 Attainment Demonstration SIP for the nonattainment 

areas. These reductions are a result of the implementation of the SIP, State and Federal air 

pollution control regulations, and other permanent and enforceable reductions.

4.4 Clean Air Act Part A Section 110 and Part D Requirements 

4.4.1 Infrastructure Requirements

Section 110(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act contains general requirements for nonattainment plans

and lists the required elements that a state needs to demonstrate its authority to develop, 

implement, and enforce an air quality management program that provides for attainment and 

maintenance of the NAAQS. These elements include, but are not limited to, air quality 

monitoring, data analysis, and reporting; enforcement; resources; consultation; emergency 

procedures; and reductions in transported air pollution. 

New Jersey has the infrastructure in place that gives it the authority to implement the NAAQS in 

accordance with 110(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act. Demonstrations of New Jersey’s authorities for 

the PM2.5 NAAQS have been summarized in submittals to the USEPA on December 22, 200630,

February 2, 200731, March 9, 200732, February 25, 200833 and January 15, 2010.

34

4.4.2 Transport

Section 110(a)(2)(D) requires each state’s SIP to contain adequate provisions prohibiting any 

source, or other type of emissions activity, within the state from emitting any air pollutants in 

amounts that will:

1) Contribute significantly to nonattainment of the NAAQS for areas in another state or 

interfere with the maintenance of the NAAQS by another state; 

 29 NJDEP. State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine 

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM2.5 Attainment Demonstration, Final. 

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, March 26, 2009.

30 NJDEP. Letter to address the State's plan for addressing the transported emission requirements 

prescribed in Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) of the Clean Air Act sent to the USEPA Region 2 by NJDEP 

Commissioner Lisa P. Jackson on December 22, 2006.

31 NJDEP. SIP Revision pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:27-30 CAIR NOx Trading Program, and N.J.A.C. 7:27-

31.23, and N.J.A.C. 7:27A-3.10. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. February 2, 2007. 32 Update to the SIP Revision pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:27-30 CAIR NOx Trading Program, and N.J.A.C. 

7:27-31.23, and N.J.A.C. 7:27A-3.10. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. March 9, 

2007.

33 NJDEP. State Implementation Plan for Meeting the Infrastructure Requirements in the Clean Air Act, 

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, February 25, 2008. 34 NJDEP. Certification For Meeting the Infrastructure Requirements in the Clean Air Act for 35 μg/m3 24-

Hour (2006) Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standard, New Jersey Department of 

Environmental Protection, January 15, 2010.
21

2) Interfere with measures required to be included in the implementation plan for any other 

state related to Regional Haze and Visibility; or,

3) Interfere with measures required to be included in the implementation plan for any other 

state related to prevention of signification deterioration (PSD).

The USEPA analysis performed to support the Cross State Air Pollution Rule35 (CSAPR) 

indicates that the multi-state nonattainment areas that include portions of New Jersey are 

projected in 2014 to continue to be in attainment for both the daily and annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 

Based on current monitoring data, all receptors downwind and upwind of New Jersey are 

meeting the annual and daily PM2.5 NAAQS.

New Jersey has implemented a number of measures to address its contribution to downwind 

areas. As discussed in Section 4.3, Table 1a lists New Jersey’s recently adopted control 

measures that reduce PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOC emissions. These measures have contributed 

to the reduction in PM2.5 emissions and its precursors over the last decade, and will continue to 

provide further reductions in the future, as discussed in the Maintenance plan, Section 4.5. As 

demonstrated in Section 3.0, air quality monitoring data show a trend of improving PM2.5 air 

quality over the past decade that are due to permanent and enforceable measures. 

New Jersey has taken action to address emissions from power plants, setting multipollutant

performance standards for electric generating units (EGUs). New Jersey’s low sulfur fuel oil

rule will further reduce SO2 emissions by reducing the sulfur content of fuel oils used throughout 

the state, including fuel oil-fired EGUs, home heating, and industrial and commercial boilers. 

The low sulfur fuel rule was adopted in August of 2010, with effective dates for lower sulfur limits 

in 2014 and 2016. The control measures implemented in New Jersey address its contributions 

to the downwind states and ensure that its sources’ emissions do not interfere with the 

attainment or maintenance of the PM2.5 NAAQS or measures that prevent significant 

deterioration and protect visibility in another state.

In summary, New Jersey has met its obligation to address transported pollution through the 

implementation of these New Jersey state specific rules, including New Jersey’s power plant 

performance standards, along with existing Federal rules to reduce PM2.5 pollution. In 

implementing these control measures, New Jersey does not rely on the trading program in the 

Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR).36

4.4.3 Clean Air Act Part D Requirements

Part D of the Clean Air Act consists of general requirements applicable to all areas that are 

designated nonattainment based on a violation of the NAAQS. The Part D requirements are 

presented and discussed below:

 35 76 FR 48208 (August 8, 2011)

36 In order to assist States in addressing their obligations regarding regionally transported pollution, the 

USEPA finalized the CAIR in 2005 to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions from large electric generating units 

(EGUs). In 2008, the D.C. Circuit remanded CAIR back to the USEPA without vacatur. In response to 

the court’s decision, USEPA issued a new rule to address interstate transport of NOx and SO2 in the 

eastern United States (i.e., the Transport Rule, also known as the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, or 

CSAPR). In the Transport Rule, USEPA finalized regulatory changes to sunset CAIR and the CAIR 

Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) for control periods in 2012 and beyond. CSAPR is currently stayed 

pending the D.C. Circuit’s review and CAIR is currently in effect.
22

4.4.3.1 Section 172(c)(1), Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) and 

Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)

The USEPA’s PM2.5 Implementation Rule37 established a combined approach for RACT and 

RACM analyses where the RACT analysis is part of the overall RACM analysis. RACM and 

RACT are defined as those measures that a state finds are both reasonably available and 

contribute to attainment as expeditiously as practical in the specific nonattainment area. The 

final determinant is that the measures, either alone or in combination, can advance the 

attainment date by one year in order to require implementation. This combined RACM/RACT 

approach would apply that criterion to RACT measures. As discussed in the March 26, 2009 

Attainment Demonstration SIP, the State decided to complete its PM2.5 RACT analysis separate 

and apart from its RACM analysis, and without consideration of advancing the attainment date. 

The State’s RACM and RACT demonstrations were presented in the March 26, 2009 Attainment 

Demonstration SIP for the 15 μg/m3 annual standard. The State’s RACM and RACT control 

measures have all been adopted and approved by the USEPA, as shown in Table 1a. The 

USEPA has not yet taken action on approval of the attainment demonstration SIP as of

December 1, 2012, however, as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA issued clean data 

determinations for both of New Jersey’s multi-state non-attainment areas for the annual 15 

μg/m3 standard, which suspends the RACM and RACT demonstration requirements for that 

standard. In addition, although not necessary for redesignation, the State anticipates approval 

of New Jersey’s SIP prior to the redesignation. 

Also as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the 

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia

nonattainment areas on August 30, 201238 and October 2, 2012,39 respectively, for the daily 35 

μg/m3 standard, which will suspend the RACM and RACT demonstration requirements for that 

standard. But as discussed above, The State’s RACM and RACT control measures have all 

been adopted and approved by the USEPA.

4.4.3.2 Section 172(c)(2), Reasonable Further Progress

In accordance with the PM2.5 Implementation Rule40, a separate reasonable further progress

(RFP) plan is not required. New Jersey submitted an attainment demonstration for the 15 μg/m3

annual standard that shows attainment by the 2010 deadline. The PM2.5 Implementation Rule 

only requires states submit a separate RFP plan if the state needs an extension of the 

attainment date beyond 2010. Areas that demonstrate attainment of the standard by 2010 are 

considered to have satisfied the requirement to show reasonable further progress toward 

attainment and need not submit a separate RFP plan.

The USEPA has not yet taken action on approval of the attainment demonstration SIP as of

December 1, 2012, however, as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA issued clean data 

determinations for both of the multi-state non-attainment areas associated with New Jersey for 

the annual 15 μg/m3 standard, which suspends the attainment demonstration/RFP requirement 

for that standard.

 37 72 Fed. Reg. 20612; April 25, 2007

38 77 FR 52626 (August 30, 2012) 39 77 FR 60089 (October 2, 2012) 40 40 CFR 51
23

Also as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the 

Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut and Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia

nonattainment areas on August 30, 201241 and October 2, 2012,42 respectively, which will 

suspend the attainment/RFP requirement for that standard.

4.4.3.3 Section 172(c)(3), Inventory

The Act requires New Jersey to develop a “comprehensive, accurate, and current inventory of 

actual emissions from all sources.”43 The requirement for such an inventory is satisfied by the 

2007 attainment emission inventory presented in Section 4.5.2 of this redesignation request.

4.4.3.4 Section 172(c)(4), New Source Review

The Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) permitting requirements of the Clean Air Act 

(CAA) Part D Section 173 are applicable to a major source located in an area designated as 

nonattainment for any criteria pollutant when it is constructed or when it undergoes a major 

modification. 

To implement the NAAQS for PM2.5, the USEPA took three separate actions to establish a 

framework for implementing preconstruction permit review for the PM2.5 NAAQS: (1) On May 16, 

2008, the USEPA promulgated New Source Review (NSR) provisions; (2) On October 20, 2010, 

the USEPA promulgated a rule on increments, significant impact levels (SIL) and significant 

monitoring concentrations (SMC); and (3) On December 21, 2010, the USEPA promulgated 

rules on PM2.5 stack test methods for stationary sources of air pollution. 

In New Jersey’s eight attainment counties, the final rules are implemented through prevention of 

significant deterioration (PSD) rules (40 CFR 52.21). In New Jersey’s 13 nonattainment 

counties, the final rules are implemented through the ‘transitional’ NSR provisions contained in 

Appendix S of 40 CFR Part 51 and the USEPA policy memorandum dated July 21, 2011, 

concerning inter-pollutant offsets. The Federal provisions and policy memorandum will be 

superseded once New Jersey revises its Emission Offset Rule N.J.A.C. 7:27-18.

Upon USEPA approval of New Jersey’s request for redesignation to attainment, the PSD 

program requirements of the CAA Part C would be applicable and New Jersey would implement 

the PSD rules throughout the entire state.

4.4.3.5 Section 176(c)(1), Conformity Requirements

Section 176(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires that “No department, agency, or instrumentality 

of the Federal Government shall engage in, support in any way or provide financial assistance 

for, license or permit, or approve, any activity which does not conform to an implementation 

plan...”44 Further, to ensure that Federal agencies do not cause or contribute to a new violation 

of the NAAQS, do not increase the frequency or severity of any existing violations of the 

NAAQS, and to ensure that attainment of the NAAQS is not delayed. 

Under the General Conformity Rule,

45 Federal agencies must work with state government in a 

 41 77 FR 52626 (August 30, 2012) 42 77 FR 60089 (October 2, 2012) 43 42 U.S.C. 7512a(a)(1). 44 42 U.S.C. 7506

45 Ibid.
24

nonattainment or maintenance area to ensure that Federal actions conform to the applicable 

State Implementation Plan (SIP). Each Federal agency must perform an applicability analysis 

to determine if emissions will be below de minimus levels for the criteria pollutants for which the 

state has a maintenance plan or is in nonattainment. If the total emissions for the project/action 

are above the threshold then the agency must develop a conformity determination to indicate 

how the project will conform to the SIP. This may include a mitigation plan, an emissions 

budget, New Jersey is relying on Federal agencies and the USEPA to make adequate 

judgments to ensure all projects and actions meet New Jersey’s SIPs and maintenance plans. 

The New York/New Jersey Harbor Deepening Project is an example of successful 

implementation of General Conformity regulations by the Army Corp of Engineers and a number 

of New York government agencies, the USEPA and New Jersey to address and comply with the 

increased emissions associated with the 13-year dredging project to deepen shipping channels 

in the Port of New York/New Jersey to a depth of approximately 50-feet below mean sea level.

4.5 Maintenance Plan

The maintenance plan must provide a demonstration the area will continue to maintain the 

NAAQS for at least ten years after the redesignation and contain such additional measures as 

may be necessary to ensure such maintenance.46 

This maintenance plan includes the following elements:

1) Emission Inventories: an attainment inventory that establishes emission levels that 

are necessary for attainment with the NAAQS; a maintenance projection inventory 

that estimates emissions at least ten years following redesignation; an interim

projection inventory that estimates emissions between the attainment inventory and 

the maintenance inventory;

2) Maintenance Demonstration: a demonstration that shows future PM2.5 emissions are 

not expected to exceed the level of the attainment inventory for at least ten years 

following redesignation, including an evaluation of an interim inventory that shows 

emissions are not anticipated to spike above the NAAQS during the ten year 

maintenance period;

3) Control Measures: The permanent and enforceable control measures that provide 

emission reductions during the maintenance period;

4) Monitoring Network: a description of how New Jersey will verify continued 

attainment with the PM2.5 NAAQS in New Jersey and track the progress of the 

maintenance plan; and,

5) Contingency Plan: a plan that will be promptly implemented to correct a violation of 

the NAAQS should one occur after redesignation.

4.5.1 Emission Inventories

The attainment inventory identifies the level of emissions in the area which is sufficient to attain 

the NAAQS. The attainment inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2007. The 2007 

 46 42 U.S.C. 7505a(a).
25

inventory was developed regionally for SIP purposes. The maintenance inventory represents a 

future projected inventory at least 10 years after USEPA redesignates an area. The 

maintenance inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2025. The interim inventory is 

an emission inventory selected between the attainment inventory and the maintenance 

inventory to demonstrate that emissions are not anticipated to spike above the NAAQS during 

the maintenance period. The interim inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2017.47

The inventories are a compilation of annual emissions from PM2.5 and its precursors, NOx, and 

SO2 for each county in the New Jersey portions of both multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas.

The annual inventory is chosen to represent emissions for the annual 15 μg/m3 standard and the 

daily 35 μg/m3

. For nonattainment areas with exceedances of the daily standard in multiple 

seasons, an annual inventory is an adequate representation of inventory trends in daily 

emissions.48 This is supported by a summary of monitoring data trends that shows 

exceedances occur any time during the year at monitors in the nonattainment areas, included in 

Appendix IV.

A summary of the 2007, 2017 and 2025 emissions inventories is shown in Tables 2 through 7. 

A detailed discussion of the development of the 2007 inventory (except for onroad) is included 

as Appendix V and the 2025 inventory (except for onroad) as Appendix VI. A detailed 

discussion of the development of the onroad inventories is included as Appendix VII. A detailed 

discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII. Figures 13-18 show PM2.5, NOx, 

and SO2 inventory trends by sector for 2007, 2017 and 2025.

It is anticipated the USEPA will determine that the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area attained the 

daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS during the 2008 to 2010 monitoring period. The State believes that the 

2007 inventory is an appropriate and representative inventory to use as a surrogate attainment 

inventory for the 2008 inventory for the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area for the daily standard for 

several reasons discussed as follows:

• The 2007 inventory is the most comprehensive inventory developed by states in the 

region for SIP purposes;

• The monitors in the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area showed compliance with the 35 

μg/m3 daily standard during the 2007-2009 monitoring period. However, sampling errors 

resulted in incomplete data for 2007 in the SNJ-Phila, which was not able to be 

addressed through data substitution and statistical analysis. Incomplete data also 

existed for the 2008-2010 monitoring period, but was able to be addressed through data 

substitution and statistical analysis;

• The monitors in the New Jersey portion of the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area showed 

compliance with the 35 μg/m3 daily standard during the 2007-2009 monitoring period. 

• The 2007 and 2008 emission inventories are comparable, as demonstrated by a 

comparison of NJDEP/MARAMA’s 2007 inventory with USEPA’s 2008 National 

Emissions Inventory (NEI) included in Appendix IX;

• The 2008 USEPA NEI has also been included in this SIP for New Jersey’s multi-state

SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area in Appendix IX;

A comparison of the 2008 and 2025 inventories, as demonstrated in Appendix IX, shows 

that emissions will continue to decrease between 2008 and 2025 for PM2.5 and its 

 47 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the 

Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012. 48 USEPA memorandum dated March 2, 2012, entitled Implementation Guidance for the 2006 24-Hour 

Fine Particle (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), from Stephen D. Page, Director, 

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, to Regional Air Directors.
26

precursors, NOx, and SO2 in the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area.
27

Table 2

PM2.5, 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area49

 49 USEPA transport fractions for PM2.5 have been applied to area and nonEGU point sources to reduce fugitive dust emissions. See Appendix V for 

details.

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Bergen 188 256 229 597 595 622 706 348 237 383 284 236 1,875 1,483 1,324 -392 -550 -21% -29%

Essex 230 293 272 531 531 544 389 191 117 256 192 170 1,406 1,207 1,102 -199 -304 -14% -22%

Hudson 2,142 284 293 415 425 436 229 108 69 279 154 110 3,065 971 908 -2,094 -2,158 -68% -70%

Mercer 1,079 974 1,047 293 296 297 339 180 90 161 108 80 1,872 1,558 1,514 -314 -358 -17% -19%

Middlesex 458 510 512 902 901 911 597 308 186 327 229 179 2,284 1,948 1,788 -336 -496 -15% -22%

Monmouth 33 33 34 846 846 890 272 164 128 325 204 167 1,476 1,247 1,219 -228 -257 -15% -17%

Morris 32 33 35 742 713 700 333 175 118 219 168 143 1,327 1,089 996 -238 -330 -18% -25%

Passaic 6 6 6 331 338 349 207 112 84 134 93 72 678 549 510 -129 -168 -19% -25%

Somerset 72 76 80 478 483 486 218 111 75 166 129 112 934 798 753 -136 -181 -15% -19%

Union 697 664 735 364 368 382 386 178 113 247 164 141 1,694 1,376 1,371 -318 -323 -19% -19%

Totals 4,937 3,131 3,243 5,499 5,496 5,616 3,677 1,874 1,218 2,497 1,725 1,410 16,610 12,227 11,487 -4,384 -5,124 -26% -31%

PM2.5 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change
28

Table 3

NOx 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Bergen 851 1,070 969 2,515 2,498 2,519 16,459 7,576 3,624 5,611 3,239 2,538 25,436 14,383 9,649 -11,053 -15,787 -43% -62%

Essex 2,361 2,881 2,705 2,094 2,068 2,070 9,629 4,731 1,967 6,281 5,489 5,566 20,366 15,169 12,308 -5,197 -8,058 -26% -40%

Hudson 3,873 1,839 1,863 1,522 1,514 1,523 5,357 2,515 1,147 5,302 4,086 2,979 16,054 9,953 7,512 -6,101 -8,542 -38% -53%

Mercer 2,233 1,969 2,090 1,125 1,119 1,129 8,503 4,425 1,920 1,888 1,038 729 13,749 8,552 5,868 -5,198 -7,881 -38% -57%

Middlesex 2,065 2,350 2,218 2,187 2,175 2,198 15,111 7,268 3,201 4,637 2,744 2,068 23,999 14,537 9,685 -9,462 -14,315 -39% -60%

Monmouth 195 184 187 1,654 1,645 1,656 8,140 4,379 1,905 4,142 3,091 2,223 14,132 9,299 5,971 -4,833 -8,161 -34% -58%

Morris 196 169 182 1,564 1,525 1,516 9,288 4,596 2,033 2,749 1,525 1,192 13,797 7,815 4,924 -5,982 -8,873 -43% -64%

Passaic 95 84 88 1,138 1,127 1,137 5,310 2,717 1,253 1,906 1,030 768 8,449 4,958 3,246 -3,491 -5,203 -41% -62%

Somerset 260 240 254 939 934 944 6,083 3,013 1,448 2,040 1,115 853 9,322 5,302 3,499 -4,020 -5,824 -43% -62%

Union 3,699 2,725 2,898 1,383 1,363 1,367 9,505 4,468 2,047 4,902 3,694 2,795 19,489 12,250 9,107 -7,239 -10,382 -37% -53%

Totals 15,828 13,512 13,454 16,122 15,969 16,059 93,385 45,687 20,546 39,457 27,050 21,711 164,793 102,218 71,769 -62,575 -93,024 -38% -56%

NOx Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change
29

Table 4

SO2 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Bergen 46 49 47 731 60 165 110 96 98 269 38 46 1,156 243 356 -912 -800 -79% -69%

Essex 299 183 213 739 64 168 58 53 51 805 401 466 1,901 702 899 -1,199 -1,002 -63% -53%

Hudson 4,467 619 662 418 33 92 30 28 27 1,388 84 112 6,304 764 893 -5,540 -5,411 -88% -86%

Mercer 14,432 1,754 1,895 331 31 76 50 41 40 110 6 7 14,924 1,831 2,018 -13,093 -12,906 -88% -86%

Middlesex 367 247 270 574 47 130 90 85 83 376 18 24 1,407 397 507 -1,010 -900 -72% -64%

Monmouth 43 33 35 459 60 121 62 60 63 872 46 64 1,436 198 284 -1,239 -1,152 -86% -80%

Morris 55 21 34 683 63 159 60 54 56 124 16 20 922 155 269 -767 -653 -83% -71%

Passaic 20 5 10 333 47 92 34 32 35 78 3 4 464 87 141 -377 -323 -81% -70%

Somerset 35 31 34 248 20 55 36 33 36 85 5 6 404 88 131 -316 -273 -78% -68%

Union 596 640 700 467 28 97 55 50 49 1,652 102 138 2,771 819 984 -1,952 -1,787 -70% -64%

Totals 20,360 3,583 3,900 4,983 452 1,157 586 531 539 5,761 719 888 31,690 5,285 6,483 -26,405 -25,206 -83% -80%

SO2 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change
30

Table 5

PM2.5, 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Table 6

NOx 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Burlington 174 180 183 1,702 1,624 1,563 415 247 115 225 174 145 2,516 2,225 2,006 -291 -510 -12% -20%

Camden 155 166 174 423 415 409 395 223 94 190 109 93 1,163 913 770 -249 -392 -21% -34%

Gloucester 471 471 501 732 705 679 245 146 70 146 89 77 1,593 1,411 1,326 -182 -267 -11% -17%

Totals 800 818 858 2,857 2,743 2,651 1,055 616 278 560 372 315 5,159 4,549 4,102 -609 -1,056 -12% -20%

PM2.5 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Burlington 516 551 535 1,397 1,372 1,368 10,615 5,048 2,505 2,420 1,627 1,338 14,948 8,598 5,746 -6,350 -9,201 -42% -62%

Camden 756 620 709 1,358 1,346 1,353 9,834 5,036 2,028 2,624 1,998 1,539 14,571 9,000 5,628 -5,571 -8,942 -38% -61%

Gloucester 3,181 2,955 3,189 728 711 706 6,543 3,420 1,563 1,747 1,373 1,037 12,199 8,459 6,495 -3,740 -5,704 -31% -47%

Totals 4,453 4,126 4,433 3,483 3,429 3,427 26,992 13,504 6,095 6,790 4,998 3,915 41,718 26,057 17,870 -15,661 -23,848 -38% -57%

NOx Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change
31

Table 7

SO2 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017

2007-

2025

2007-

2017

2007-

2025

Burlington 157 136 148 443 44 105 64 53 48 156 25 27 820 257 328 -562 -492 -69% -60%

Camden 76 69 77 412 35 93 59 45 43 634 34 48 1,181 183 261 -998 -920 -85% -78%

Gloucester 1,801 1,039 1,130 274 23 62 38 31 33 852 47 66 2,964 1,139 1,291 -1,825 -1,673 -62% -56%

Totals 2,034 1,243 1,355 1,129 102 260 161 129 124 1,642 105 141 4,965 1,579 1,880 -3,386 -3,085 -68% -62%

SO2 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent 

Change
32

Figure 13

PM2.5 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends50

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 14

NOx Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

 50 USEPA transport fractions for PM2.5 have been applied to area and nonEGU point sources to reduce 

fugitive dust emissions. See Appendix V for details.
33

Figure 15

SO2 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area51

Figure 16

PM2.5 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends52

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

 51 See Section 4.5.2 text for a discussion of SO2 trends.

52 USEPA transport fractions for PM2.5 have been applied to area and nonEGU point sources to reduce 

fugitive dust emissions. See Appendix V for details.
34

Figure 17

NOx Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 18

SO2 Projected Emissions Inventory Trends

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area53

 53 See Section 4.5.2 text for a discussion of SO2 trends.
35

4.5.2 Maintenance Demonstration

New Jersey demonstrates maintenance of the NAAQS by showing that future projected 

emissions are less than or equal to the attainment year inventory in both of its nonattainment 

areas.

54 If the future year emissions are less than or equal to attainment year emissions 

modeling is not necessary.

55,56 Emissions of PM2.5, NOx and SO2 are projected to decrease 

between 2007 and 2025 in both the NNJ-NY-CT NAA and the SNJ.-Phila. nonattainment area. 

PM2.5 emissions are projected to decrease by 5,124 tons per year(tpy) (31%) in the NNJ-NY-CT 

nonattainment area and by 1,056 tpy (20%) in the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area; NOx

emissions are projected to decrease by 93,024 tpy (56%) in the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area 

and by 23,848 tpy (57%) in the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area; and SO2 emissions are 

projected to decrease by 25,206 tpy (80%) in the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area and by 3,085 

tpy (62%) in the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment area from 2007-2025.

The projection emission inventories for PM2.5, NOx and SO2 demonstrate a significant decrease 

from 2007 to 2025 and that emissions will not increase above the attainment inventory. The

details of this demonstration are shown in Tables 2 through 7 and Figures 13 through 18 in 

Section 4.5.1 and in Tables 8 and 9 in this Section.

In addition, the 2008 USEPA National Emissions Inventory for New Jerseys southern 

nonattainment area has been included in Appendix IX. A summary of emissions in the 

Appendix demonstrates that there is also a significant decrease in PM2.5, NOx and SO2 in the 

nonattainment area from 2008 to 2025.

The inventory charts show a significant decrease in SO2 emissions from 2007 to 2025. A slight 

increase in emissions is depicted in the charts from 2017 to 2025. This is due to variations in

inventory calculation methodologies, not actual anticipation of increased emissions. The 

anticipated emission reductions from New Jersey rules (most specifically low sulfur fuel and 

boilers) in the 2025 inventory were underestimated to be conservative, as a safety factor. The 

result of this conservative approach is a slight increase in emissions from 2017 to 2025. This is 

discussed in more detail in Appendices VI and VIII.

The anticipated emission reductions beyond 2007 demonstrate that existing permanent and 

enforceable control measures are sufficient to maintain compliance with the PM2.5 annual 15

μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 NAAQS through 2025. Each of the control measures that are 

included in the Maintenance Plan, that contribute to emission reductions during the 

maintenance period, is described in Section 4.5.3.

 

54 USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing Requests to 

Redesignate Areas to Attainment, from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, to 

Regional Air Directors, page 9.

55 Ibid. 56 Wall v. EPA, 265 F.3d426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F. 3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also 

66 FR 53094, 53099–53100 (October 19, 2001), 68 FR 25413, 25430–25432 (May 12, 2003), 76 FR 

79600 (December 22, 2011).
36

Table 8

2007, 2017 and 2025 PM2.5 NOx and SO2 Emissions Summary

Multi-State (NJ, NY, CT) Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Annual

(tons)

2007

Annual

(tons)

2017

Annual

(tons)

2025

Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2017

Change (%)

from

2007 to 2017

Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2025

Change (%)

from

2007 to 2025 SECTOR

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Point 57,045 53,489 55,259 -3,556 -6% -1,786 -3%

Area 64,044 58,014 56,873 -6,030 -9% -7,171 -11%

Onroad 252,723 149,227 74,474 -103,496 -41% -178,249 -71%

Nonroad 117,863 77,298 45,591 -40,565 -34% -72,272 -61%

Total 491,675 338,029 232,198 -153,646 -31% -259,477 -53%

Direct PM2.5

Point 7,797 5,804 6,364 -1,993 -26% -1,433 -18%

Area 18,512 18,574 19,318 62 0% 806 4%

Onroad 10,189 7,060 4,878 -3,129 -31% -5,311 -52%

Nonroad 7,631 5,051 2,283 -2,580 -34% -5,348 -70%

Total 44,131 36,489 32,844 -7,642 -17% -11,287 -26%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Point 68,529 48,538 50,218 -19,991 -29% -18,311 -27%

Area 42,122 11,006 10,353 -31,116 -74% -31,769 -75%

Onroad 1,750 1,597 1,564 -153 -9% -186 -11%

Nonroad 14,027 2,657 2,013 -11,370 -81% -12,014 -86%

Total 126,427 63,798 64,149 -62,629 -50% -62,278 -49%

Notes:

1. 2007 and 2025 Data obtained from Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 Emission Inventory 

for PM Counties in the MANE-VU Region, Version 3.3, Exhibit 7.8, page 88, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 

23, 2012. 

2. 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the Northeast/MidAtlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012. 

3. A discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII

4. The multi-state nonattainment area summary may vary slightly from each states individual final SIP inventory, due to 

final SIP inventory updates in each state.
37

Table 9

2007, 2017 and 2025 PM2.5 NOx and SO2 Emissions Summary

Multi-State (NJ, PA, DE) Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

SECTOR

Annual

(tons)

2007

Annual

(tons)

2017

Annual

(tons)

2025

Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2017

Change (%)

from

2007 to 2017

Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2025

Change (%)

from

2007 to 2025

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Point 31,759 19,591 19,817 -12,168 -38% -11,942 -38%

Area 18,043 17,528 17,741 -515 -3% -302 -2%

Onroad 106,315 61,089 26,648 -45,226 -43% -79,667 -75%

Nonroad 31,850 20,935 17,662 -10,915 -34% -14,188 -45%

Total 187,967 119,143 81,869 -68,824 -37% -106,098 -56%

Direct PM2.5

Point 4,572 3,825 3,875 -747 -16% -697 -15%

Area 13,811 13,358 12,983 -453 -3% -828 -6%

Onroad 3,795 2,490 1,443 -1,305 -34% -2,352 -62%

Nonroad 2,466 1,606 1,358 -860 -35% -1,108 -45%

Total 24,644 21,279 19,657 -3,365 -14% -4,987 -20%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Point 35,035 13,375 13,553 -21,660 -62% -21,482 -61%

Area 16,763 13,466 9,756 -3,297 -20% -7,007 -42%

Onroad 773 567 422 -206 -27% -351 -45%

Nonroad 6,134 851 709 -5,283 -86% -5,425 -88%

Total 58,705 28,260 24,440 -30,445 -52% -34,265 -58%

Notes:

1. 2007 and 2025 Data obtained from Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 Emission 

Inventory for PM Counties in the MANE-VU Region, Version 3.3, Exhibit 7.8, page 88, prepared by MARAMA and 

dated January 23, 2012. 

2. 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the 

Northeast/Mid-Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012. 

3. A discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII

4. The multi-state nonattainment area summary may vary slightly from each states individual final SIP inventory, due to 

final SIP inventory updates in each state.
38

4.5.3 PM2.5 Control Measures

4.5.3.1 Maintenance Plan Control Measures

The permanent and enforceable maintenance plan control measures that are relied on to 

provide continued attainment beyond the attainment year, 2007, are included in Tables 10 and 

11. All of the measures in the maintenance plan are already implemented, or adopted with 

future implementation dates, or have already been adopted and implemented and continue to 

provide additional emission reductions each year with fleet and equipment turnover. These 

control measures are anticipated to provide continued emissions reductions in the future of 

PM2.5 and its precursors, NOx and SO2, from a 2007 inventory base year to 2025, the 

maintenance plan year. 

A detailed description of the post 2007 control measures shown in Tables 10 and 11 can be 

found in the March 26, 2009 SIP, Section 4.0.57, and/or in the New Jersey rule referenced in the 

tables. A description of how the emission reduction benefits from the rules were estimated is 

included in Appendix VI. A detailed summary of all of the post 2002 control measures, with the

effective start date of the emission reductions and estimated emission reductions, are included 

in this SIP in Appendix XI Attachment 3.

 57 NJDEP. State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine 

Particulate Matter (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM2.5 Attainment Demonstration, Final. 

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, March 26, 2009.
39

Table 10

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure New Jersey Administrative Code

USEPA 

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

POINT SOURCES

Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

EGU-PSE&G Hudson Consent 

Decrees NA NA PM, SO2, NOx

NA NA NA 1,786 2,015 3,645

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

EGU-PSE&G Mercer Consent 

Decrees NA NA SO2 NA NA NA NA NA 12,036

Point New Jersey EGU - Oil and Gas Fired Boilers NJAC 7:27-4.2, 10.2, 

19.4 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 322 NA

Point New Jersey EGU - Coal-fired Boilers NJAC 7:27-4.2, 10.2, 

19.4 8/3/2010 PM, SO2, 

NOx

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU-High Electric Demand Day 

(HEDD) NJAC 7:27-19.29 8/3/2010 SO2, NOx NA NA NA NA NQ NQ

Point Federal ICI Boiler MACT NA NA PM NA NA NA 0 NA NA

Point/Area Federal RICE MACT NA NA PM, NOx NA NA NA 1 72 NA

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, 

Valero, and ConocoPhillips) NA NA PM, SO2, NOx

NA NA NA NA 1,140 NA

Point New Jersey Asphalt Production Plants NJAC 7:27-19.9 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 35 NA

Point New Jersey Case by Case NOx Emission Limit 

Determinations (FSELs/AELs) NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Glass Manufacturing NJAC 7:27-19.10 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2006 NJAC 7:27-16.8, 19.7 7/31/2007 NOx NA NA NA NA 43 NA

Point New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2009 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 344 NA

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel 

Strategies NJAC 7:27-9 1/3/2012 SO2 NA NA NA NA NA 391

Point New Jersey Municipal Waste Combustors 

(Incinerators) NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Sewage and Sludge Incinerators NJAC 7:27-19.28 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Total Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,787 3,971 16,072

Point Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 5,031 17,426 19,972

Point Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 4,937 15,827 20,359 3,243 13,454 3,900

AREA SOURCES

Area Source Control Measures Benefits, post 2007

Area Federal Residential Woodstove NSPS (Note 1) NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA 238 10 2
40

Table 10

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure New Jersey Administrative Code

USEPA 

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

Point/Area Federal RICE NA NA NOx, PM NA NA NA 8 0 0

Point/Area Federal/ New 

Jersey

Combined RICE and ICI Boiler Rule 

2006 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 599 0

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule2006 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 21 0

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel 

Strategies NJAC 7:27-27.9 1/3/2012 SO2 NA NA NA 0 0 2,599

Total Area Source Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 245 630 2,601

Area Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 5,862 16,688 3,757

Area Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 5,499 16,122 4,983 5,616 16,059 1,157

ON-ROAD SOURCES

On-road Source Control Measures

Onroad Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) 

Defeat Device Settlement NA NA NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad Federal Tier 2 Vehicle Program/Low Sulfur 

Fuels NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad Federal

Heavy-Duty Highway Rule - Vehicle 

Standards and Diesel Fuel Sulfur 

Control 

NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey Diesel Idling Rule Amendments NJAC 7:27-14.1, 14.3 4/14/2009 PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey Diesel I/M Program NJAC 7:27-14 Pending PM2.5, NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle 

(LEV) Program NJAC 7:27-29

2/13/2008, 

updated 

9/28/10 per 

CA Waiver

PM, SO2, 

NOx, VOC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey I/M Program for Gasoline Vehicles NJAC 7:27-15 5/21/2004 VOC, 

NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total On-road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 2,459 72,839 47

On-road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 3,677 93,385 586 1,218 20,546 539

NON-ROAD SOURCES

On-road Source Control Measures

Nonroad Federal Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW NA NA NOx, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Large Industrial Spark-Ignition Engines 

over 19 kW NA NA NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2
41

Table 10

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure New Jersey Administrative Code

USEPA 

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

Nonroad Federal

Locomotive Engines and Marine 

Compression-Ignition Engines Less 

Than 30 Liters per Cylinder 

NA NA PM, NOx, 

(CO, VOC) NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Nonroad Diesel Engines NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad 

Spark-Ignition Nonhandheld Engines 

at or below 19 kW

NA NA NOx, 

VOC, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Phase 2 Standards for Small SparkIgnition Handheld Engines at or below 

19 kW

NA NA NOx, 

VOC, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Recreational Vehicles (includes 

snowmobiles, off-highway 

motorcycles, and all-terrain vehicles)

NA NA NOx, CO, 

HC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Gasoline boats and personal 

watercraft, outboard engines NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total Non-road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,655 23,034 9,837

Non-road Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 3,065 44,848 10,724

Non-road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 2,497 39,457 5,761 1,410 21,814 887

TOTAL CONTROL MEASURE BENEFITS, post 2007 NA NA NA 6,147 100,411 28,557

TOTAL EMISSIONS, GROWN AND CONTROLLED 16,611 164,792 31,689 11,487 71,872 6,482

Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

NQ = Not Quantified, not included in the benefit total

1. Benefits from area source Residential Woodstove NSPS have been added to the "Growth Only" Total, 

 as they are accounted for in both the "Growth Only" and "Growth and Controlled" Inventories.

2. Included in total, not quantified individually
42

Table 11

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey- Pennsylvania-Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 

tpy

NOx 

tpy SO2 tpy

POINT SOURCES

Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

EGU-PSE&G Hudson Consent 

Decrees NA NA PM, SO2, 

NOx

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

EGU-PSE&G Mercer Consent 

Decrees NA NA SO2 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU - Oil and Gas Fired Boilers NJAC 7:27-4.2, 

10.2, 19.4 8/3/2010 SO2, NOx NA NA NA NA 30 NA

Point New Jersey EGU - Coal-fired Boilers NJAC 7:27-4.2, 

10.2, 19.4 8/3/2010 PM, SO2, NOx

NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU-High Electric Demand Day 

(HEDD) NJAC 7:27-19.29 8/3/2010 SO2, NOx NA NA NA NA NQ NQ

Point Federal ICI Boiler MACT NA NA PM NA NA NA 1 NA NA

Point/Area Federal RICE MACT NA NA PM, NOx NA NA NA 0 2 NA

Point Federal/ New 

Jersey

Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, 

Valero, and ConocoPhillips) NA NA PM, SO2, 

NOx

NA NA NA 50 375 804

Point New Jersey Asphalt Production Plants NJAC 7:27-19.9 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 5 NA

Point New Jersey Case by Case NOx Emission Limit 

Determinations (FSELs/AELs) NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Glass Manufacturing NJAC 7:27-19.10 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 2.7 NA

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2006 NJAC 7:27-16.8, 

19.7 7/31/2007 NOx NA NA NA NA 4 NA

Point New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2009 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NA 79 NA

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual 

Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27-27.9 1/3/2012 SO2 NA NA NA NA NA 66

Point New Jersey Municipal Waste Combustors 

(Incinerators) NJAC 7:27-19.13 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Sewage and Sludge Incinerators NJAC 7:27-19.28 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Total Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 51 497 870

Point Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 910 5,110 2,225

Point Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 799 4,453 2,035 859 4,432 1,355

AREA SOURCES

Area Source Control Measures Benefits, post 2007

Area Federal Residential Woodstove NSPS (Note 

1) NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA 255 16 3
43

Table 11

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey- Pennsylvania-Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 

tpy

NOx 

tpy SO2 tpy

Point/Area Federal RICE NA NA NOx, PM NA NA NA 1 0 0

Point/Area Federal/ New 

Jersey

Combined RICE and ICI Boiler Rule 

2006 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 109 0

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule2006 NJAC 7:27-19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 4 0

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual 

Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27-9 1/3/2012 SO2 NA NA NA 0 0 584

Total Area Source Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 257 129 587

Area Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 2,907 3,556 847

Area Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 2,857 3,483 1,129 2,651 3,427 260

ON-ROAD SOURCES

On-road Source Control Measures

Onroad Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) 

Defeat Device Settlement NA NA NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad Federal Tier 2 Vehicle Program/Low Sulfur 

Fuels NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad Federal

Heavy-Duty Highway Rule - Vehicle 

Standards and Diesel Fuel Sulfur 

Control 

NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey Diesel Idling Rule Amendments NJAC 7:27-14.1, 

14.3 4/14/2009 PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey Diesel I/M Program NJAC 7:27-14 Pending PM2.5, NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle 

(LEV) Program NJAC 7:27-29

2/13/2008, 

updated 

9/28/10 per 

CA Waiver

PM, SO2, 

NOx, VOC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey I/M Program for Gasoline Vehicles NJAC 7:27-15 5/21/2004 VOC, NOx, 

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total On-road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 777 21,253 37

On-road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 1,055 26,992 161 278 5,739 124

NON-ROAD SOURCES

On-road Source Control Measures

Nonroad Federal Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW NA NA NOx, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Large Industrial Spark-Ignition 

Engines over 19 kW NA NA NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2
44

Table 11

Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007-2025

New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey- Pennsylvania-Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or 

State Control Measure

New Jersey 

Administrative 

Code

USEPA

Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 

tpy

NOx 

tpy SO2 tpy

Nonroad Federal

Locomotive Engines and Marine 

Compression-Ignition Engines Less 

Than 30 Liters per Cylinder 

NA NA PM, NOx, 

(CO, VOC) NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Nonroad Diesel Engines NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Phase 2 Standards for New 

Nonroad Spark-Ignition 

Nonhandheld Engines at or below 

19 kW

NA NA NOx, VOC, 

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Phase 2 Standards for Small SparkIgnition Handheld Engines at or 

below 19 kW

NA NA NOx, VOC, 

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal

Recreational Vehicles (includes 

snowmobiles, off-highway 

motorcycles, and all-terrain 

vehicles)

NA NA NOx, CO, 

HC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Gasoline boats and personal 

watercraft, outboard engines NA NA PM, NOx, 

CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total Non-road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 398 4,025 3,262

Non-road Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 713 8,005 3,402

Non-road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 560 6,790 1,642 315 3,980 140

TOTAL CONTROL MEASURE BENEFITS, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,483 25,903 4,755

TOTAL EMISSIONS, GROWN AND CONTROLLED 5,271 41,718 4,966 4,103 17,578 1,879

Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

NQ = Not Quantified, not included in the benefit total

1. Benefits from area source Residential Woodstove NSPS have been added to the "Growth Only" Total, 

 as they are accounted for in both the "Growth Only" and "Growth and Controlled" Inventories.

2. Included in total, not quantified individually
45

4.5.3.2 Other Emission Reductions

Other emission reductions not included in the maintenance plan that contribute to improving air 

quality from 2007 to 2025 and beyond include:

Federal Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

On December 16, 2011, the USEPA promulgated the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards 

(MATS) to reduce emissions of toxic pollutants from power plants.58 The MATS are national 

Clean Air Act standards to reduce mercury and other toxic emissions from new and existing 

coal- and oil-fired electric utility steam generating units (EGUs). The standards will reduce 

emissions of metals, including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), acid 

gases, including hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Emission controls to 

reduce air toxics will also reduce emissions of PM2.5 and SO2. The MATS includes revisions to 

the Federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for new fossil-fuel-fired electric 

generating units, including revised numerical emission limits for PM, SO2, and NOX.

Existing sources have 4 years, if needed, to comply with MATS. The USEPA estimates that 

there are approximately 1,400 units affected by this action, which includes approximately 1,100 

existing coal-fired units and 300 oil fired units at about 600 power plants. USEPA lists 73 

facilities in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York and Connecticut that could 

potentially be affected by the MATS. 

It is expected that the MATS will also result in the conversion of most New Jersey sources that 

burn No. 6 fuel oil to gas. The New Jersey coal power plants either already comply with MATS 

(6 units) or will comply by the MATS compliance deadline (2 units). It is expected that the 

MATS will result in significant emission reductions from upwind sources, resulting in further 

improvement to the air quality in New Jersey.

Diesel Retrofit Program (N.J.A.C 7:27-32)

The existing rule requires the installation of retrofit emission control technology on garbage 

trucks, commercial buses and publicly owned onroad vehicles and off-road equipment. Due to 

public health impacts, these vehicles were chosen because they operate in residential areas, 

some of which are overburdened urban communities. The retrofits are scheduled to occur 

between 2008 and 2015. These rules will reduce the emissions of fine diesel particles. The 

program regulates publicly-owned and certain privately-owned fleets. In 2009, an estimated 

retrofit population of 24,000 onroad vehicles and off-road equipment was expected to be 

affected by the mandatory retrofit program. As of 2012, 18,300 of these onroad vehicles and 

off-road equipment have either been retrofitted or are projected to be retrofitted, since some of 

the vehicles were either retired as a compliance option or exempt from the rule.

New Jersey Clean Construction Program

NJDEP established a voluntary program to reduce harmful diesel particulate emissions from 

nonroad construction equipment operating in New Jersey, with a particular focus on equipment 

used in urban areas. Through this program, retrofit devices are installed on construction 

equipment using funding provided by USEPA under the American Recovery and Reinvestment 

Act, and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act. 

 58 77 Fed. Reg. 9304 (February 16, 2012)
46

The NJDEP and NJDOT area implementing Governor Christie’s 2011 Executive Order #60, 

which requires a three year pilot program to install pollution-control devices on nonroad 

construction equipment used on selected N.J. Department of Transportation (NJDOT) projects. 

The projects on which the pollution control devices will be installed are jointly chosen by the 

NJDEP and NJDOT, with preference given to selecting projects in urban areas where 

cumulative exposure to pollution creates a disproportionate impact on the people living in those 

communities. The goal is to install tailpipe particulate retrofits on 175 pieces of nonroad 

construction equipment by Summer 2014. Further details can be found online at: 

http://www.stopthesoot.org/clean2.html.

B.L. England Administrative Consent Order

On May 18, 2012, NJDEP amended its Administrative Consent Order with B.L. England in Cape 

May County. Under the amended agreement, B.L. England will further reduce all air pollutants 

by shutting down one of its coal-fired units (Unit 1) and converting two others to natural gas

(Unit 2 is currently burns coal and Unit 3 currently burns fuel oil). The agreement commits to

the cessation of coal-fired Unit 1 by fall 2013 and for the conversion of Units 2 and 3 to natural 

gas by May 2016. Unit 2, which currently only operates during peak demand periods, will be 

shut down by May 2015, to allow for the conversion. Operations will be limited in an effort to 

reduce pollution during the time leading up to the conversion shutdown.

The repowering and shutdown will reduce NOx emissions by approximately 98 percent, or 2,800 

tons per year, and will reduce SO2 emissions by approximately 99.9 percent, or 2,800 tons per 

year. The emission reductions from this agreement will go beyond those estimated from 

NJDEPs performance standards for EGUs included in Tables 10 and 11. A copy of the 

Administrative Consent Order can be found online at: 

http://www.nj.gov/dep/docs/20120613104728.pdf.

4.5.4 Monitoring Network and Verification of Continued Attainment

New Jersey will track the air quality for continued attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS, as required 

by the maintenance plan, by evaluating future monitoring data. New Jersey will review ambient 

PM2.5 monitoring data as it becomes available to evaluate any risk of impending NAAQS 

violations as discussed further in the Contingency Plan.

To verify that New Jersey’s multi-state PM2.5 nonattainment areas remain in attainment, New 

Jersey will continue to operate an appropriate air monitoring network in New Jersey.

59 The air 

monitoring results will detect any changes in the ambient air quality, as well as assist the State 

in determining whether or not it is necessary to implement any contingency measures. 

The State will work with the USEPA each year through the air monitoring network review 

process, as required by 40 CFR Part 58 to determine: 1) the adequacy of the PM2.5 monitoring 

network; 2) if additional monitoring is needed; and 3) if/when sites can be discontinued or 

relocated. Due to the possibility of an unexpected occurrence affecting one or more of the 

required monitors, the State will work closely with the USEPA to either replace it or move the 

monitor(s) to a new location, if necessary. Any changes to the monitoring network will be made 

 59 As specified in the USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing 

Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment, from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management 

Division, to Regional Air Directors, the State will operate an adequate network for 10 years following the 

redesignation. In addition, eight years into the maintenance plan, the State will submit a second 10 year 

maintenance plan.
47

through the air monitoring network review process. This review process undergoes a public 

notice period, usually in the May- June time period each year, and then is subject to approval by 

the USEPA. Air monitoring data will continue to be quality assured according to the 

requirements in the USEPA regulations.60

4.5.5 Contingency Plan

The Clean Air Act requires Maintenance Plans include contingency provisions.61 The purpose 

of the contingency provisions is to assure that any violations of the NAAQS will be corrected 

promptly. The NJDEP will use the following triggers (determination of when to start an action)

and perform the following actions in accordance with the described schedule, as its contingency 

plan:

1. If monitored PM2.5 concentrations in any year exceed the level of the NAAQS, NJDEP will 

evaluate all appropriate data to determine the cause of the elevated levels. Such data 

assessment will include appropriate air quality data, meteorological data, activity data for 

relevant sources, information on any unusual events (e.g. forest fires, natural disasters), 

transport from out of state sources, violation of an existing rule or permit, and any other 

related data to try to determine the cause of the violation. This assessment will be 

performed when the annual average PM2.5 concentration for the previous year exceeds 15 

μg/m3 at any New Jersey monitoring site, or when the 98th percentile of the 24-hour average 

daily concentrations exceeds 35 μg/m3 at any New Jersey air monitoring site. NJDEP will 

perform this evaluation within six months of the data certification. New Jersey will work with 

the other states in its shared multi-state nonattainment areas as necessary.

2. If annual or 24-hour PM2.5 design values (3 year average of the annual average, or 3 year 

average if the 98th percentile of the 24-hour average daily concentrations, respectively) 

exceed 15 μg/m3 or 35 μg/m3

, NJDEP will evaluate all appropriate data to determine the 

cause using the same analyses discussed in Item number 1. NJDEP will perform this 

evaluation within six months of the determination of a violation.

3. Based on any findings, New Jersey will make a judgment on whether the violation was 

caused by an exceptional event or a violation of an existing rule or permit. Any violation of 

an existing rule or permit will be addressed with appropriate enforcement action. If it is 

determined that the violation was caused by an exceptional event, the State will implement 

USEPA’s exceptional event procedures. The State will rely on one or more of the following 

contingency measures and implementation schedule for any other violation:

• Onroad Vehicle Fleet Turnover: Emission reductions will be achieved from onroad 

motor vehicle fleet turnover from the existing State and Federal rules for motor vehicles. 

The turnover of the onroad fleet of cars and trucks will result in additional NOx and PM 

emission reductions each year because the new vehicles have significantly lower 

emission standards than the vehicles they are replacing. The rules for this measure are

already promulgated and are already being implemented.

• Nonroad Vehicle and Equipment Fleet Turnover: Emission reductions will be 

achieved from nonroad vehicles and equipment fleet turnover from existing Federal 

rules. The turnover will result in additional NOx and PM emission reductions each year 

because the new vehicles and equipment have lower emission standards than the 

 60 40 CFR 58.

61 42 U.S.C. 7505a(d).
48

vehicles and equipment they are replacing. The rules for this measure are already

promulgated and are already being implemented.

• Low Sulfur Fuel Rule N.J.A.C. 7:27- 9 (prior to July 2016): The low sulfur fuel rule 

was adopted in August of 2010, with future effective limits in July 2014 and July 2016. If 

a violation occurs prior to the final effective date of the new limits in the rule (July 2016), 

significant additional SO2 emission reductions will be achieved after the new limits are 

implemented. Therefore, this measure can be applied as a contingency measure in the 

event of a violation between the time period of the redesignation to July 2016. The rules 

for this measure are already promulgated, but not yet fully implemented.

• Diesel Retrofit Program, Diesel Inspection and Maintenance Program, Vehicle 

Idling N.J.A.C. 7:27- 14 and 32: Emission reductions will be achieved from New 

Jersey’s programs and rules for diesel retrofits, diesel inspection and maintenance and 

vehicle idling, that are not included in the inventory demonstration in the maintenance 

plan. These programs provide real benefits that are not currently quantified in the 

inventory. The rules for these measures are already promulgated and are already being 

implemented.

4. If necessary, New Jersey will evaluate the feasibility and applicability of additional 

measures, how they relate to the cause and location of the violation, and if these additional 

measures would correct the violation. An evaluation of additional measures may include:

• New control measures that have been adopted for other purposes

• Residential wood burning strategies

• Fugitive dust reductions at stationary sources

• Lower particulate limits for No. 6 fuel oil-fired boilers 

• Lower particulate limits for stationary diesel engines

• Working with the local metropolitan planning agencies to implement transportation 

control measures such as: traffic flow improvements, transit improvements, trip 

reduction programs, arterial and signal improvement projects, bicycle projects, or other 

new transportation measures.

NJDEP will perform this evaluation within six months of the determination of a violation. If it is 

determined that a new rule is required or appropriate to correct a violation of the NAAQS, 

NJDEP will propose a new rule within 18 months of the determination of a violation. NJDEP will 

take final action on the proposed rule within 30 months of the determination of a violation.

The Clean Air Act Section 175A(d) also requires that a state will implement all measures with 

respect to control of the pollutant(s) that were contained in the SIP before redesignation of the 

area to attainment. All of the measures in the maintenance plan are either already 

implemented, or have been adopted with future implementation dates, therefore, there are no 

outstanding control measure commitments to be addressed before the redesignation. 

4.6 Transportation Conformity

4.6.1 Introduction

The Clean Air Act62 requires that Federal actions conform to a state’s State Implementation 

 62 42 U.S.C. § 7506.
49

Plan (SIP). For the purposes of transportation conformity, the projected emissions calculated 

based on a transportation plan, transportation improvement program, or project, may not 

exceed the motor vehicle emissions budget or cap contained in the appropriate SIP. Emissions 

projected to occur in future years for which no motor vehicle emissions budgets are specifically 

established must be less than or equal to the motor vehicle emissions budget established for 

the most recent prior year.

Emission budgets in New Jersey are established by nonattainment area and Metropolitan 

Planning Organization (MPO) boundary. 

There are three Metropolitan Planning Organizations in New Jersey that cover the geographic 

areas shown in Figure 19. These are the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority 

(NJTPA), the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), and the South Jersey 

Transportation Planning Organization (SJTPO). Each Metropolitan Planning Organization is 

responsible for the transportation plans and transportation improvement programs for its 

designated area. The Metropolitan Planning Organizations each work in consultation with the 

Federal Highway Administration, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, the USEPA, 

and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to remain at or under established 

transportation emission budgets for their area. Transportation conformity budgets for PM2.5 are 

developed for each Metropolitan Planning Organization by adding the onroad emissions from 

individual counties within each Metropolitan Planning Organization planning area located within 

the New Jersey portions of the PM2.5 nonattainment areas. This results in the formation of the 

following three areas for budget development:

• Nine counties located in the NJTPA Metropolitan Planning Organization planning area and 

the New Jersey portion of the NNJ-NY-CT PM2.5 nonattainment area (Bergen, Essex, 

Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, and Union counties), 

• Mercer county located in the DVRPC Metropolitan Planning Organization geographic area 

and the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area, and 

• Three counties included in the DVRPC Metropolitan Planning Organization geographic area 

and the New Jersey portion of the SNJ/Phila. PM2.5 nonattainment area (Burlington, 

Camden, and Gloucester counties).

The South Jersey Transportation Planning Organization does not have to perform transportation 

conformity for PM2.5 because all counties within their planning area have been, and continue to 

be, designated attainment of the PM2.5 15 μg/m3 annual and 35 μg/m3 daily NAAQSs. Additional 

background information concerning transportation conformity is provided in Appendix X.
50

Figure 19

Metropolitan Planning Organizations in New Jersey

4.6.2 Budgets for Attainment and Maintenance of the Annual and Daily PM2.5 NAAQS

The new transportation conformity emission budgets for directly emitted fine particulate matter 

(direct PM2.5) and annual NOx (a PM2.5 precursor), by MPO planning area for the New Jersey 

portions of the NNJ-NY-CT and the SNJ-Phila. nonattainment areas, are provided in Table 12. 

The set of budgets in Table 12 represent annual emissions. New Jersey is simultaneously 

establishing these same values as the transportation conformity budgets for the PM2.5 annual 

NAAQS and the PM2.5 daily NAAQS. Exceedances of the PM2.5 daily NAAQS have historically 

been distributed throughout all four seasons of the year, therefore the transportation conformity 

budgets applicable to the PM2.5 daily NAAQS are represented as annual average emissions. 

The budgets are based on the latest planning assumptions, including use of the MOVES model. 

New Jersey is establishing budgets for 2009 and 2025 for this PM2.5 redesignation and 

maintenance plan SIP revision. The monitoring data show attainment of the standards for 2009. 

The 2025 budgets represent the last year of the maintenance period for the PM2.5 standards. 

Delaware Valley Regional

Planning Commission

North Jersey Transportation

Planning Authority

South Jersey Transportation

Planning Organization
51

Table 12

Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets for Both the PM2.5 Daily NAAQS and PM2.5

Annual NAAQS

Direct PM2.5 Emissions(a)

(tons per year)

NOx Emissions 

(tons per year)

Year of Budget 2009 2025 2009 2025

NJTPA and NNJ/NY/CT 

Nonattainment Area(b) 2,736 1,509 67,272 25,437

DVRPC and NNJ/NY/CT 

Nonattainment Area(c) 224 119 5,835 2,551

DVRPC and SNJ/Phila. 

Nonattainment Area(d) 680 363 18,254 8,003

Notes: (a) Direct PM2.5 consists of the sum of: SO4, organic carbon, elemental carbon, brake particles, 

and tire particles.

(b) This area consists of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, 

Somerset and Union Counties (New Jersey portion of the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area also 

located in the NJTPA planning area).

(c) This area consists of Mercer County.

(d) This area consists of Burlington, Camden and Gloucester Counties (New Jersey portion of the 

SNJ/Phila. nonattainment area).

Each Metropolitan Planning Organization used its Travel Demand Models (TDM) to estimate the 

actual 2009 and projected 2025 vehicle activity data. Both Metropolitan Planning Organizations 

used the monthly approach outlined in the USEPA guidance63 to calculate annual average 

emissions. 

It is important to note that from 2009 to 2025 onroad emissions budgets indicate significant 

declines in the onroad inventories for both PM2.5 and NOx. Also, 2009 (the year of the first 

budget) corresponds to a date in which the monitoring data show attainment of the standards. 

Therefore, the current SIP continues to reflect a set of control measures designed to further 

decrease regional onroad emissions and continued improvements in air quality are expected.

The purpose of the 2025 budgets is to ensure that attainment of the PM2.5 standards will be 

maintained throughout the time period covered by this SIP revision. The budgets are based on 

the inventory projections for 2025 for the onroad sector as well as the inventory projections for 

the other sectors (nonroad mobile, area, and stationary sources). As shown in Table 13, the 

2025 projected inventories for PM2.5 and PM2.5 precursors are significantly less than their 

respective base year (2007) inventories. These projected emission reductions allows the 

addition of a safety margin to the 2025 onroad inventory values to establish the 2025 

transportation conformity budgets.64 The safety margin is some portion of the difference 

between the emissions necessary to achieve the milestone (attainment or maintenance goals)

 63 USEPA. Guidance for Creating Annual Onroad Mobile Source Emission Inventories for PM2.5 

Nonattainment Areas for Use in SIPs and Conformity. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 

EPA420-B-05-008, page 7, August 2005.

64 40 CFR 93.124
52

and future year projected emissions. Safety margins are incorporated so that the 2025 

transportation conformity emission budgets represent constraints on emissions from onroad 

sources that will maintain attainment of the NAAQS. New Jersey has elected to use only 8% of 

the total emissions available as safety margins (2007 minus 2025 inventories) for each pollutant 

in the establishment of the 2025 budgets. This should be sufficient to accommodate expected 

improvements to the MOVES inputs and methodology in the future while still ensuring that 

emissions remain well below attainment levels. The 2025 budgets for direct PM2.5 and NOx in 

Table 12 include the safety margin emissions. The calculation of the safety margins for the 

2025 budgets is summarized in Table 13. 

Table 13

Calculation of 2025 Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets

Direct PM2.5 Emissions(a)

(tons per year)

NOx Emissions

(tons per year)

Area

Onroad

2025 

Inventory

Total

Emission 

Reduction 

From 

2007(b)

Safety 

Margin 

(8% of Tot 

Emis. Red. 

From

2007)

2025 

Conformity 

Budget

Onroad 

2025 

Inventory

Total

Emission 

Reduction 

From 

2007(b)

Safety 

Margin 

(8% of Tot 

Emis. Red. 

From 

2007)

2025 

Conformity 

Budget

NJTPA and 

NNJ/NY/CT 

NAA(c)

1,128 4,766 381 1,509 18,626 85,142 6,811 25,437

DVRPC and 

NNJ/NY/CT 

NAA(d)

90 358 29 119 1,920 7,881 630 2,551

DVRPC and 

SNJ/Phila. 

NAA(e)

278 1,056 85 363 6,095 23,848 1,908 8,003

Notes: (a) Direct PM2.5 consists of the sum of: SO4, organic carbon, elemental carbon, brake particles, 

and tire particles.

 (b) This is the difference in estimated emissions from all sources between 2007 and 2025 using 

emission inventories from this maintenance plan. Details regarding these inventories are 

provided in Section 4.5.2. .

 (c) This area consists of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, 

Somerset and Union Counties (New Jersey portion of the NNJ-NY-CT nonattainment area also 

located in the NJTPA planning area).

 (d) This area consists of Mercer County.

 (e) This area consists of Burlington, Camden and Gloucester Counties (New Jersey portion of the

 SNJ/Phila. nonattainment area).

Once these budgets are deemed adequate or are approved by the USEPA (whichever occurs 

first), these budgets must be used for subsequent transportation conformity determinations by 

the NJTPA and the DVRPC. The MOVES inputs used to generate the budgets are documented 

in Appendix VII. Computer files that document the calculation of the budgets are provided in the 

Attachments to Appendix VII.
53

5.0 CONCLUSION

Air quality monitoring data show measured PM2.5 levels are well below the NAAQS, with a trend 

of improving PM2.5 air quality over the past decade. New Jersey’s northern and southern 

nonattainment areas are projected to continue to meet the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3

health based PM2.5 NAAQS through 2025. Continued attainment is projected based on 

permanent and enforceable measures that the State and Federal Government have adopted or 

implemented as shown in the Maintenance Plan. The NJDEP will track and evaluate ambient

PM2.5 air concentrations and take appropriate steps to maintain the NAAQS. New Jersey 

requests that the USEPA redesignate the New Jersey portion of both of New Jersey’s multistate PM2.5 nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μg/m3 and daily 35 μg/m3 health 

based PM2.5 NAAQS in accordance with the Clean Air Act.