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                                    The Effects of Pre-Trial Detention On Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence From Randomly Assigned Judges (2016)

      

                    
          
    The Effects of Pre-Trial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges (2016)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20161503
  
            "Over 20 percent of prison and jail inmates in the United States are currently awaiting trial, but little is known about the impact of pre-trial detention on defendants. This paper uses the detention tendencies of quasi-randomly assigned bail judges to estimate the causal effects of pre-trial detention on subsequent defendant outcomes. Using data from administrative court and tax records, we find that being detained before trial significantly increases the probability of a conviction, primarily through an increase in guilty pleas. Pre-trial detention has no detectable effect on future crime, but decreases pre-trial crime and failures to appear in court. We also find suggestive evidence that pre-trial detention decreases formal sector employment and the receipt of employment- and tax-related government benefits. We argue that these results are consistent with pre-trial detention weakening defendants’ bargaining position during plea negotiations, and a criminal conviction lowering defendants’ prospects in the formal labor market."
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