# Patent

## Title
Dual wind energy power enhancer system

## Abstract

A dual inlet flow wind power generating system is disclosed having two inflow chambers directing air flow into a common turbine. In one embodiment, a second phase of air flow directly impinges on the air blades of the turbine to provide multi-phased air flow with enhanced power generation. Two inflow chambers may be configured on either side of the common impingement chamber and the system may be configured around a vertical axis. Additionally, air deflectors in one or more chambers may direct flow into a flow tube and may be configured as a positive flow vortex inducer. A negative flow vortex inducer is also described, whereby air is directed by air deflectors to reduce the pressure at the outlet end of a flow tube. In another embodiment, a dual outlet flow system is described having a single inflow chamber and two impingement chambers for second phase air flow.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/352,259 filed on Jan. 17, 2012, which is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/834,722 filed on Jul. 12, 2010, which is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/355,411, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,644 filed on Jan. 16, 2009, which is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/608,658 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,105 filed on Dec. 8, 2006 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/766,003 filed on Dec. 29, 2005; all of which, in their entirety, are incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is directed toward wind driven power generating systems, and in particular, wind driven power generating systems useful for the production of power, such as electricity. In one embodiment, the present invention comprises an adjustable air scoop inlet section, an air turbine section of unique design, and an adjustable outlet section, which may include an adjustable drag curtain or outlet barrier for energy efficiency and system capacity considerations, to use the prevailing wind to produce power from the air turbine. The air turbine also utilizes a second phase of prevailing wind flowing through or around the outlet section to provide additional drive directly or indirectly to the turbine blades in a second stage of power production. The air turbine's exhaust flows into the outlet or exit section, which re-entrains the exhaust air into the downstream prevailing wind.
2. Description of Related Art
There have been a number of patent applications and issued patents which are related to wind power generating systems. The most common commercial methods to date have been turbines with blades that are directly driven by the wind without a collector or wind concentrator. Horizontal axis (i.e. axis of rotation is horizontal) turbines are probably the most common with vertical axis systems also being significant. These systems are simple, reasonably efficient, and commercially successful.
Wind power has surprisingly good economics and is capable of producing electricity at cost structure significantly less than 10 cents per kWh, commonly at 5-6 cents per kWh. Economics of wind power are constantly being studied and compared to existing methods of producing power which may be approximately 4 cents per kWh for large customers. This alternative energy production method has also been encouraged by tax incentives and special grants. There is now an expectation that each year increasing amounts of electricity will be generated by wind power, as well as other alternative energy based technologies.
Unfortunately, existing wind turbine designs have not been as widely adapted as is economically feasible. There are unforeseen problems with public reaction to the unsightly nature of the turbines and their visual dominance on a landscape, especially where there may be multiple installations of air turbines, often moving at different speeds and rotations with respect to each other, which may be viewed at the same time by a casual observer. There have been other issues. Existing wind turbines are often high off the ground, which increases maintenance costs due to poor accessibility. Some turbines have to reduce their operating speeds due to birds colliding with the turbine blades. There are infrastructure problems, where high voltage transmission lines are unavailable in favorable wind areas.
An example of a vertical axis turbine is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,205 where a vertical turbine is integrated into a dome structure and the prevailing wind from any direction is meant to create an updraft. The goal is to create an upward force through a turbine which is useful for any wind direction. However, the practicality of the design is highly questionable. The air is not uniformly and forcibly directed through the generating turbine in a highly efficient and effective manner. The entrainment of the turbine exhaust air back into the wind is poorly thought out, and the lower directing surface would allow the turbine inlet air to flow easily around it horizontally without moving vertically.
Another example of the use of a vertical axis turbine is U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,146 where a vertical turbine is meant to be driven by a vertical airflow from a horizontal wind, which is directed upwardly by use of curved blades. An upper venturi creates a draft for the vertical air stream. The practical aspects of the design are highly limited. There is relatively little surface area where the wind is ‘caught’ and directed upwardly compared to the surface area of the power generating blades. The upper venturi, as illustrated, is poorly thought out from a flow re-entrainment and throughput standpoint as a large volume of horizontal wind is required to move a relatively small amount of vertical air. Moreover, as described in the previous paragraph, the vertical flow of air is not forced upwardly through the inner chamber. The draft is generated more from the venturi effect, which is known to be a weaker force. The airflow is more likely to move around the blades than be directed vertically.
Similar to the previously described patents, U.S. Pat. No. 4,365,929 discloses a vertical axis turbine that uses a building to ‘catch’ the wind and direct it vertically upward into the turbine. Various blades are installed on the building surface in a design attempt to force the air to flow upwardly into the turbine. The venturi design does not consider appropriate methods to re-entrain the turbine exhaust air back into the prevailing wind in an efficient manner, and the design is overly complicated. Additionally, as stated for previous patents, the air is not forcibly directed through the generating turbine, and the lower directing surface would allow the air to easily flow around it horizontally without moving vertically. As illustrated, the amount of surface area that is engaged with the prevailing wind compared to the complexity of the overall system is small. Also, the efficiency of the wind ‘catch’ and wind ‘discharge’ has not been carefully planned. Further, the building is a fixed size, and it is difficult to optimize the whole design when the wind ‘catch’ area is a constant size. Varying wind speeds require different surface ‘catch’ areas for efficient operation. It is less appealing to have the air intake close to the ground as the wind speed is lower.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,962,478 shows a vertical axis windmill that uses a unique outer wall with specially designed moving baffles to create a force on one side of the vertical rotating axis to cause rotation. However, the design of the air stream through the central opening of the framework and the closed baffles is inadequate. The surface area of the outer baffles far surpasses the ability of the framework to vent any air directed inside the framework.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,761 discloses a vertical axis fan turbine utilizing the prevailing wind to draw air upwardly through the turbine by a Bernoulli effect. As stated previously, a relatively large volume of air is needed to create the vacuum needed to draw a significant amount of air vertically, and the effect is not as efficient as other methods.
EP0003185 teaches the use of a large flexible canopy over a land area, such as a canyon, to create air movement through an air turbine. This design is not configured to catch a prevailing wind from any direction, and the simple structure is likely to be damaged in a high wind. The overly large design is meant to catch the movement of air from a thermal effect when the air is heated by the sun.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,581 discloses a windmill comprising a spherical structure that is divided into two hemispheres with the upper hemisphere rotating to catch the wind. One side of the upper hemisphere is cut away to direct the wind downwardly into the lower hemisphere and through a vertical axis air tube and turbine. An axial structure supports a shaft carrying a multi-bladed turbine of selected diameter centered in the air tube exit opening. The shaft is connected to a generator inside the axial structure. Only the air through the upper hemisphere provides power. No thought is given to providing a large exit space just after the turbine blades where the prevailing wind is allowed to enter and additionally generate power by rotating the turbine blades.
U.S. Pat. No. 993,120 discloses a vertical wind-mill which utilizes a vertical axis shaft, a casing having surface openings, a large cylinder with scoop-like vanes or blades mounted on a shaft, and the cylinder rotates to generate power. U.S. Pat. No. 4,017,204 describes wind motors which are propelled by the impact of the wind against the vanes of an impeller wheel, and wind channeling plates to gather the wind from a large area and funnel it at increased density and pressure to apply against the vanes. Again, in both of these patents no thought is given to providing a large exit space just after the turbine blades where the prevailing wind is allowed to enter and additionally generate power by rotating the turbine blades.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,952,058 discloses a wind energy conversion system, which includes upper and lower wind turbines having counter-rotating blade assemblies supported for rotation about a vertical rotation axis. A hood for supplying intake air to a wind turbine and an exhaust plenum for exhausting air from the wind turbine, with the hood and the exhaust plenum being directionally positioned is provided. U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,096 describes a wind-powered electric generator using a large opening/collector which routes the wind through an inner ducting and exhaust ducting in an “s” or “z” shaped flow. U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,907 discloses a wind collector with a side by side pair of power generators. None of these patents provide a large exit space just after the turbine blades where the prevailing wind is allowed to enter and additionally generate power by rotating the turbine blades.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the intention of this invention to overcome the difficulties, problems, obstacles, visual distaste, and poor economics of previous designs. In one embodiment, the present invention uses an adjustable air scoop inlet section of variable geometry, an air turbine section of unique design, and an adjustable outlet section with variable geometry to utilize a first phase of the prevailing wind to provide power. The air turbine can also utilize a second phase of the prevailing wind as a second stage of power production from the air turbine. This wind, flowing directly through or around the air turbine and outlet sections in combination with the first phase of prevailing wind, can use either a full, or partial exit drag curtain or exit barrier, or no drag curtain or barrier at all, in order to provide additional power from the overall air turbine system. The air turbine exhaust may be configured such that exhaust air enters the outlet section in a manner that re-entrains the exhaust air into the downstream prevailing wind under negative pressure by way of an adjustable exit drag curtain or exit barrier.
For the purposes of this patent application, the term “outlet section” and “exit space” are considered synonymous. Also, the term “phase” refers to the first and second phases of the prevailing wind as introduced to the system in its entirety, while “stage” refers to the first and second stages of air injection to the air turbine specifically.
Where there are discrepancies between the disclosure of the present application and a disclosure of a prior application listed in the cross reference to related applications herein, the disclosure herein shall dominate and supersedes all prior applications.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A-1B show an embodiment of the general arrangement of the invention.
FIGS. 2A-2I show additional preferred embodiments of the system which include lower section enhancements to utilize in various ways the second phase portion of the prevailing wind.
FIGS. 3A-3H illustrate several air scoop geometry shapes and exit drag curtain arrangements as mounted on a rotating circular T-rail and support cage assembly.
FIGS. 4A-4B show an embodiment where the turbine blades are located within an air flow tube.
FIGS. 5A-5B show how the present invention may be adapted for use as a horizontal axis turbine incorporating important features for the air scoop and exit drag curtain.
FIGS. 6A-6B show another embodiment of the general arrangement of the invention.
FIGS. 6C-6E show how the inlet air scoop may be utilized to vary the air turbine power output by various rotations relative to the prevailing wind.
FIGS. 7A-7C show another embodiment of the present invention installed on a new or existing home or office building roof.
FIGS. 8A-8C show a self-correcting method of orienting the air scoop relative to the prevailing wind by use of two opposing air foils without the use of an auxiliary jogging mechanism.
FIGS. 9A-9C, 10, and 11 are embodiments of the present invention where various types of air turbines and air blades are used to exploit air flow in a general “S” shaped flow pattern through the power generating system equipment.
FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the present invention of orienting the air scoop toward the prevailing wind.
FIG. 13 is an embodiment of the present invention where the power generating equipment is staged on a roof in a split air turbine design where heating of the air flow is utilized.
FIG. 14A is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention where the enhanced multi-phased power generating system comprises an inflow chamber and an impingement chamber.
FIG. 14B is a top down view of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system shown in FIG. 14A.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side view of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system shown in FIG. 14A.
FIG. 16A is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an inflow chamber and a turbine extending therefrom.
FIG. 16B is a top down view of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system shown in FIG. 16A.
FIG. 17 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors.
FIG. 18 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors attached and configured to move as a function of the prevailing wind direction.
FIG. 19 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors configured within the impingement chamber and a fence material covering and impingement chamber.
FIG. 20 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an angled surface that extends to the turbine creating a venturi.
FIG. 21 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an impingement chamber with a fixed structure closing off a portion of the open area, and fence material covering all openings around the impingement chamber.
FIG. 22 is a top down view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors extending from the turbine, and a plurality of air defectors extending from the chamber.
FIG. 23 is a top down view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors configured around the turbine.
FIG. 24 is a top down view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors configured around the turbine.
FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an air scoop configured inside of the inflow chamber.
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors attached and configured to move as a function of the prevailing wind direction.
FIG. 27A is cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an air scoop configured inside of the inflow chamber and a plurality of air deflectors configured on the exterior of the chambers.
FIG. 27B is a top down view of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system shown in FIG. 27A.
FIG. 28 is cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having two turbines configured around a common axis.
FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a flow tube extending from the inflow chamber.
FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a turbine configured within a flow tube and partially extending into the prevailing wind.
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a turbine configured within the inflow chamber and a configuration of air deflectors to create a low pressure over the flow tube.
FIG. 32 is a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system configured horizontally on the side of a building.
FIG. 33 is a side view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising two inflow chambers and a single impingement type air outflow chamber for multi-phased air flow.
FIG. 34 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising two inflow chambers and a single impingement chamber for multi-phased air flow.
FIG. 35 is a top down cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system.
FIG. 36 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising a vortex inducer.
FIG. 37 is a top down cross-sectional view of a vortex inducer of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system.
FIG. 38 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising two inflow chambers each having a positive vortex flow inducer and a single impingement type air outflow chamber for multi-phased air flow.
FIG. 39 is a side view of an exemplary vortex induced wind energy power enhancer wind power generating system.
FIG. 40 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary vortex induced wind power generating system.
FIG. 41 is a top down cross-sectional view of a vortex induced multi-phased wind power generating system.
FIG. 42 is a front view of an exemplary wind energy power enhancer system configured on top of a building.
FIG. 43 is a front view of an exemplary multi-phased wind power generating system configured on top of a building.
FIG. 44 is a front view of an exemplary multi-phased wind power generating system configured between two buildings.
FIG. 45 is a front view of an exemplary dual wind energy power enhancer system configured on top of a building.
FIG. 46 is a front view of two exemplary wind energy power enhancer systems wind power generating systems configured on top of a building.
FIG. 47 is a side view of an exemplary dual outflow type dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising a single inflow chamber located between two air impingement type air outflow chambers.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a system designed to produce electricity at cost effective rates in an environmentally friendly manner at power outputs of approximately 0.10 to 50 kW. It is especially useful in areas where the wind velocity and turbulence increases in places that occur around small hills and tall buildings. It may be employed successfully in the heavily populated downtown sections of major cities. Multiple units can be utilized and may be sized for any given location as the opportunity may arise. Generally speaking, areas with average wind speeds of at least 12 mph are considered to be the most favorable locations for wind power.
FIGS. 1A-1B show two cross-sectional views of a preferred embodiment, general arrangement of the invention. A large air scoop 101 made from a flexible material, such as used in the sailing industry, is hoisted above a vertical axis power generating turbine 110, 111 in order to utilize the upper prevailing wind 117 and direct the maximum air flow possible at maximum available velocity head pressure downward and through the integrated flow tube and power generating turbine assembly. The air scoop 101 is held in place by two masts 102 which are stabilized with suitable guy wires 119, 124 and are mounted on a circular rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116. A directing air flow tube 121 directs the incoming air flow and air pressure uniformly and downwardly into the turbine rotor assembly 110. The air from the flow tube 121 is routed most appropriately in a more or less radial direction from the inside to the outside edge of the reverse fan type turbine rotor assembly 110 which is connected to the power generator 111. The flow tube 121 is connected to the circular rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116 and both are held and stabilized in position relative to each other by three or more sector type support plates and struts 109. Additionally, and optionally, directing frontal air scoops 104, 105 are added to provide a more even air flow and pressure distribution into the flow tube 121. The air scoop 101 is positioned to optimally face the prevailing wind by the moment arm created between the center of the rotating air scoop assembly and the prevailing wind's force upon two stabilizing vanes 103 which are fixed to the two masts. The stabilizing vanes 103 will most naturally be positioned by this self-correcting moment arm parallel to the direction of the prevailing wind. The stabilizing vanes also move the circular rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116 so that the air scoop 101 continuously faces directly into any useful amount of wind in an optimal manner. A small stand-off type support strut 124, projecting directly upwind from each of the two masts in parallel, extends the leading edge of the air scoop at the elevation of the T-rail and support cage assembly to the up-wind edge of the air tube assembly to increase the wind capturing effectiveness and efficiency of the air scoop. In one embodiment, the stabilizing vanes are air foils as described later.
A suitable design, as conceived in this invention, for the rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116 is a circular, 360° horizontal T or I beam ring type structure 115 which rotates within a vertical channel beam ring type structure 107 by means of the three or more rubber wheel type support assemblies 108. The rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116 also supports the air scoop, the flow tube and the exit drag curtain sections 112 of the vertical wind turbine assembly 110. The rotating T-rail also maintains their relative positions and alignments with respect to the incoming prevailing wind 117 and the vertical wind turbine assembly 110, 111 respectively. The floor of the support cage assembly 116 surrounding the flow tube inlet comprises a heavy duty hurricane fence, wire mesh type material that is designed for light foot traffic only. The wire mesh floor is in turn covered with a flexible material similar to that used on the air scoop 101 and exit drag curtain 112 assemblies to help direct the collected wind's air flow downwardly into the flow tube assembly. As an option, the inlet portion of the flow tube 121 may also be covered over with the same heavy duty hurricane fence type material used for the floor of the support cage type structure for safety considerations, if appropriate, but is not covered over with the flexible material. The inlet to the flow tube can be provided with a converging type conical or bell mouthed configuration to reduce the pressure losses through the flow tube.
The circular rotating T-rail 115 and support cage assembly 116 is held in place, yet is free to rotate horizontally by three or more stationary supporting structures, each of which is located more or less equally spaced around the outer periphery of the T-rail and support cage assembly and is detailed as follows. Multiple support posts 114 are firmly anchored to the ground and attached to the 360°, circular and stationary, half box channel support beam 107 with the three hardened rubber wheels 108 mounted at three or more equal spaced intervals around the stationary channel beam support structure. The T-rail 115 is contained by the three wheels 108 to only allow rotation of the circular rotating T-rail and support cage assembly in a horizontal plane 116. If necessary, an optional jogging motor 123 may be employed on one wheel to optimally orient the air scoop based on wind direction sensors, which are incorporated as part of the one or more stabilizing vane 103 assemblies. Alternatively, the T-rail system may be located at the bottom of the support cage assembly to provide a simpler, more cost effective design.
To prevent the lower prevailing wind 120 from adding back pressure to the turbine blades 110 and lowering overall efficiency, an exit drag curtain 112 or blocking plate (exit barrier) is attached to the circular mounting T-rail and support cage assembly. The exit drag curtain or exit barrier may be of a flexible sail cloth type material similar to that used for the inlet air scoop and suitably stiffened or backed up by a lattice work or ribbing, such as heavy duty hurricane fencing. The exit drag curtain 112 protects the area under the circular mounting T-rail and support cage assembly from the lower prevailing wind 120 for approximately 180° in circumference on the up-wind side. Stiffening gussets or struts 113 are used to provide additional stiffness to the exit drag curtain assembly 112 both to hold the desired shape of the exit drag curtain against the force of the prevailing wind and to prevent wind damage. The primary purpose of the exit drag curtain 112 is to prevent back pressure on the turbine blades and allow the turbine exhaust air to re-entrain with the downstream prevailing wind 118 in an efficient and slightly negative pressure manner.
In FIG. 1A, the air caught by the flexible air scoop 101 plus the inherent vacuum generating characteristics of the 180° circumference exit drag curtain 112 design create the total motive force for the preferred embodiment. Variations to this preferred design are discussed in other figures. These variations provide for additional enhanced power generation capabilities. These wind turbine power enhancements are a result of the various amounts of vacuum or negative pressure that can be created within and at the exit plane of the outlet section or exit space by various adjustments to the exit barrier or drag curtain. The amount of negative pressure depends on the physical construction of the air scoop and the shape of the exit drag curtain upstream of the air turbine exhaust, as well as the relative velocities realized throughout the invention. A larger air volume caught by the air scoop compared to the air flow through the turbine, along with an optimally designed exit drag curtain, creates an overall favorable differential pressure across the turbine and a higher power output. The drag curtain, where used, is designed to increase the negative pressure at the outlet of the turbine and in the exit space. For the purposes of this application, the term ‘exit barrier’ is used to refer to the drag curtain, and also refers to a less efficient barrier that is not designed to increase the negative pressure at the outlet of the turbine and exit space.
For protection and security of the overall system, an optional hurricane fence type enclosure 122 may be employed at ground level and incorporated into the support posts 114 in a manner that allows for free air flow.
FIGS. 1A and 1B do not show any details of the turbine blade design. The type of blade and number of blades are based on an engineering design that provides high efficiency for any given size and for the projected and prevailing wind conditions available for each site. However, at least one elongated blade that rotates about its center is necessary, and preferably there is a plurality of blades. The blade design must be highly efficient at extracting power from the air flow, such as commonly seen in various fan blade and turbine blade designs. A detail of the seal between the flow tube and turbine blades is not shown. However, the seal should be flexible and allow the blades to rotate in a safe and reliable manner without any significant loss of power resulting from air leakage around the turbine. It may be possible to align the equipment to a close tolerance with minimal clearance so that a mechanical seal is not necessary. Any seal system utilized should also provide a reasonable service life. The electrical generator system may be directly connected to the turbine blades, or a belt system may be used. Alternatively, a gearing system may also be used.
In one embodiment, the flow tube and blades are aligned axially, but the fan blades are not inside the flow tube. That is, they are not within the volume defined by the geometry of the flow tube. The flow tube acts as a transitional piece to convey the air efficiently from the air scoop and to direct the air toward the air fan or air blades. In another embodiment, the air blades are within the flow tube.
The turbine blades may be a reverse flow “centrifugal fan rotor” type design and mounted on the discharge end of the flow tube assembly. This design can potentially exceed the Betz limit factor of 59.3% energy recovery of the available wind's air flow through the flow tube. The blades may be of a helical design, similar to turbine roof vents as used on top of buildings, such that the prevailing wind energy is imparted in multiple phases to the wind turbine in a multiple staged effect from both the inside and the outside of the wind turbine assembly. The “reverse flow fan design” means that most of the air flows from the inside smaller diameter of the fan rotor blades to the outside larger diameter of the fan rotor blades. The remaining air flow, powering the second turbine stage, comes from a second phase of the prevailing wind that enters through the exit section directly on to the periphery of the air turbine assembly, which is especially effective at generating power from the air turbine at lower wind speeds. The air turbine design may be of a combination type, including any suitable combination of air blade types including a combination backwardly-curved and air foil type blade configuration, such that the turbine exhaust air flows counter to the direction of rotation of the fan rotor assembly at lower wind and turbine rotor speeds, (i.e. reaction flow) so that the force of the air flow against the fan blades is on the reverse side of the blades. This causes the generator to rotate in a direction counter to the air flow discharging from the outer diameter of the reverse fan type air turbine rotor.
One embodiment of the present invention is to design the air turbine blades to be inherently over-speed limiting in relation to the speed or velocity of the prevailing wind. This can be accomplished to some extent by a careful selection of particular blade features. Another embodiment is to have a combination of air foil and bucket type turbine blade design features utilized in the air turbine blades so that both the highest and lowest wind speeds possible are most efficiently accomplished with a maximum range of wind speeds utilized. The combined moving bucket or impulse (i.e. drag) plus reaction type design of air turbine blades as is utilized with multi-phased wind flow type wind turbine rotor and air blade configurations provides for maximum torque at the lowest possible wind speeds, while an air foil type design (i.e. lift) of the same air turbine blades provides for more optimum combinations of overall wind turbine performance and torque at the higher wind speeds.
Assuming a constant 28 mph prevailing wind speed, a suitable design for the flow tube internal diameter is approximately 10 feet in diameter, which will provide sufficient air flow to the turbine rotor to generate approximately 3,000 to 10,000 watts of useful power. The amount of useful power depends on the overall efficiency of the specific wind turbine, the turbine blade design and the type of electrical power system utilized for any specific application. Suitable gearing, pulley, and belt drive systems can be employed between the air blades and generator to provide normal generator rotational speeds. Additionally, a variable frequency type induction generator with a frequency converter could be used either alone or in combination with the mechanical rotational speed increasing type drive systems to accomplish the same purpose.
A low pressure loss protective screen made of the same heavy duty hurricane fence type construction used for the floor of the T-rail and support cage assembly can also be provided at the inlet to the flow tube or the air scoop, where necessary, to protect operating personnel, flying birds, etc. from being drawn into the turbine blades.
The cross-sectional area ratio of the air scoop perpendicular to the prevailing wind and the turbine blade inlet section or flow tube section should be at least 1:1 for most single-phase wind energy power enhancer system embodiments; and it could practicably be up to 6:1, depending upon the available wind energy. There is no maximum ratio, only a ratio that is practical and economical for each application and intended purpose. In some multi-phased wind energy power enhancer system embodiments, the ratio may by be less than 1:1, such as 0.01:1.0 or greater. The air scoop could be adjustable in size, perhaps utilizing an auto sail rigging system, to vary the air scoop to flow tube cross-sectional area ratio based on the available wind velocity. The air scoop size may be fixed for a given application, or it may be varied in shape or size to provide power based on wind conditions, such as average wind velocity and direction.
The present invention, which, in some embodiments, comprises the air scoop inlet section, integrated flow tube and air turbine assembly section, and air outlet section which may contain an exit section blocking barrier or drag curtain may be of a variety of cylindrical and rectangular shapes. The materials of construction can be metal, wood, plastic (especially fiberglass), or fabric (i.e. sails, scoops, or curtains) of either a clear, transparent or opaque construction as is best suited for the environment where the present invention is to be installed. Various stiffening structures for rigidity may be employed, where appropriate or required.
The security fencing system, previously mentioned, may be employed to surround, yet be an integral part of the power generating structure that complies with any required code or regulation for public safety. The fence will protect the public from rotating parts and electrical components. A security fence has other known benefits. It is important, however, that the fence type enclosure structure does not hinder the air flow into the present invention in any significant way.
The present invention has a more pleasing, aesthetic appearance as it conceals the turbine rotating generating parts from public view. As contrasted to conventional, high visibility wind turbines mounted on towers, the present invention provides a more fixed geometry which has more of an appearance of a building with an air scoop or sail mounted on top and facing the wind rather than a mechanical windmill and support tower fluttering in the wind. In visibly sensitive areas, such as inside city limits or within visible sight from public transportation areas, the present invention clearly provides less eye disturbance.
The preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1B does not have to be installed at the ground level. It is possible, and perhaps desirable, to install the invention on top of a building structure, such as a tall office building. If the structure is installed on the side of a hill, the orientation of the air scoop may need to be rotated about an axis that is substantially perpendicular to ground orientation. In this case, the concept of vertical would be relative to the ground orientation. Alternately, the angle may be somewhat misaligned relative to the ground orientation, but still substantially vertical.
The arrangement shown in FIGS. 1A-1B is a preferred embodiment. As an alternative, the air scoop may be located below the vertical axis turbine and the exit drag curtain or exit barrier may be located above it.
For easy installation in a variety of locations, the flow tube and circular rotating T-rail and support cage assembly may be shipped in two or more segments to facilitate transportation requirements and assembled in the field.
FIGS. 2A-2B show another embodiment of the power generating system. Again, a large air scoop made from a flexible material and shape is raised above a vertical axis power generating turbine as already explained for FIGS. 1A-1B. An upper prevailing wind 201 and lower prevailing wind 202 are used to generate electricity through power generating turbine blades 204a, 204b and exhaust the air into the downstream wind 203. However, in this embodiment, the upper turbine blade section 204a is connected to a lower turbine blade section 204b that is specifically designed to utilize the lower prevailing wind 202 to provide additional rotating force for power generation. Equally, the two blade sections could be designed to be integrated into one overall turbine blade section or assembly to obtain any desired performance requirement. FIG. 2B is an abbreviated top view which shows only the circular rotating T-rail and support cage assembly 205, the flow tube 206, the upper turbine blades 204a, and the top of the exit drag curtain 207. As shown, the exit drag curtain 207 has been reduced to provide only a 90° coverage and allow the lower prevailing wind 202 to become partially concentrated and to pass over only the lower turbine blade section or sections 204b on the down-spin side while producing additional drag on the up-spin side with improved, more effective exhaust air flow conditions accomplished from the air turbine. In this view, the turbine blade rotation is clockwise.
Similarly to FIG. 2B, FIG. 2C shows an exit drag curtain 210 containing a slotted type air injection nozzle 211 which has been formed to direct a concentrated air jet from the prevailing wind onto the down spin outer periphery of the air turbine, yet wraps the upstream side of the air turbine assembly with more than a 180° arc in a more air form manner. FIG. 2D shows another exit drag curtain 212 geometry with potential use in some applications. FIG. 2E shows the projected air flow pattern if no exit drag curtain is used, and the air turbine blades are designed to utilize the lower prevailing wind in addition to the air provided by the air scoop. FIG. 2F shows another possible exit section or space-partial drag curtain 220 geometry.
Similarly, FIGS. 2G, 2H, and 2I show another embodiment of the exit drag curtain in plane view 230, 231a which has an adjustable, variable geometry type design to change the exit drag curtain's drag coefficient either manually or automatically, as required. A curved, fixed portion 230 is attached to two straight portions that are parallel to each other 231a and connected by hinges 232. FIG. 2H shows the straight portions 231b which have been slightly directed inward from the parallel position, toward the center of the exit space on each side. An angle of 10° inward from the parallel position, as illustrated, may be advantageous in some wind conditions to create a more air form type drag effect. The angle could also be varied by mechanical means to as much as 90° outward from the parallel position, to the position 231c as shown in FIG. 2I, on each side to accomplish a “bluff body,” also referred to as a flat plate or collar, type drag effect of the drag curtain according to the prevailing wind velocity. In these cases, the exit curtain has a variable geometry, and can be varied or adjusted dynamically when the winds change or whether a particular geometry provides appropriate optimum power for a given wind condition.
FIGS. 3A-3D show alternate arrangements of the air scoop and exit drag curtain. FIG. 3A shows the air scoop as outlined in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, except the flexible air scoop 301 lower edge matches the opening of the flow tube 302. The exit drag curtain 304 covers a 210° arc around the power generating area with enhanced power generating effect and, as previously illustrated, is attached to the circular rotating T-rail and support cage assembly 303.
FIG. 3B shows an embodiment where the flexible air scoop 305 terminates at substantially a single point 306 above the flow tube opening 307 and utilizes an A-Frame mast 308. The lower exit drag curtain 309 only covers a 90° arc around the power generating area under the rotating circular T-rail and support cage assembly 310.
FIG. 3C shows an embodiment where the air scoop is a multiple hinged awning 311 that may be raised to a suitable height on the circular rotating T-rail and support cage assembly 312. The lower exit drag curtain 313 covers a 120° arc around the power generating area. The flexible air scoop illustrated in FIG. 3C does not have to be made from a flexible material. Rigid material could also be used to create the air scoop and still provide the variance in shape and size needed for optimal power generation. There could also be more than the two multiple awning sections 311 illustrated, and they may all be a different shape.
In FIG. 3D the flexible air scoop 314 is substantially triangular in style and mounted on the rotating circular T-rail and support cage assembly 315. The lower exit drag curtain 316 is wrapped in approximately a 270° arc, and is aerodynamically formed around the power generating area with the intent being to create a maximum vacuum type effect at the outlet of the air turbine to enhance the output power capability.
In FIG. 3E, the adjustable air scoop is supported by two telescoping masts 320 of adjustable height. The air scoop is shown configured for collecting wind when the prevailing wind speed is low or more turbulent. In FIG. 3F, the same adjustable air scoop is reduced in size by partially lowering the telescoping masts and scoop sections. The air scoop is then configured for collecting wind when the prevailing wind speed is moderate. In FIG. 3G the same adjustable air scoop is reduced to a minimum size by completely lowering the telescoping portions of the masts and scoops. The air scoop is then configured to collect wind when the prevailing wind speed is very high. Alternatively, sailboat type sails could be used here that could be “let in” or “let out” as desired or required, and the sails could be rolled up as appropriate with most sailing vessels.
FIG. 3H shows an embodiment where the flexible air scoop is supported by a central vertical mast 321 which is, in turn, supported by gussets 323 or guy wires 322. In this case, the rigging may be similar to sailboat rigging, and used to raise and lower the flexible air scoop.
In FIGS. 4A-4B, a cross-section of various embodiments of the present invention, similar to FIGS. 2A and 2B is shown where a propeller 410 is located within the flow tube 420. This simplified design is a lower capital cost, but provides lower efficiency and capacity. FIG. 4B shows the exit drag curtain 430 with 208° arc coverage. This arc coverage is a preferred embodiment and provides an optimum design in some situations.
Optionally, the exit drag curtain may be fixed to the direction of the prevailing wind, and may be varied in size rather than rotated with the air scoop. For example, the exit drag curtain may be provided in adjacent and over-lapping damper or louver type segments on vertical axis orientated support shafts that are each opened and closed through a mechanical means to provide a similar end result to rotating a fixed geometry curtain with the air scoop.
The exit drag curtain, or exit barrier, as described herein, is designed to utilize the air drag effect created by the upstream air flow from the prevailing wind around the exit drag curtain. Conversely, exit barriers could also be used in certain applications as wind concentrators when located on the upstream side of and in parallel with the air turbine blades in the second phase of the prevailing wind. The average or bulk velocity of the exit air, after being exhausted from the air turbine through the exit air space, is lower than the average prevailing wind velocity. The entrainment between the two air streams can thus be designed to occur in an efficient manner by an appropriate exit drag curtain design which incorporates the most optimal drag effect possible from the prevailing wind to create a slight vacuum or negative pressure within the exit section or exit space at the point of re-entrainment.
One distinct advantage of the present invention is the ability to regulate the amount of air that is brought through the turbine air blades, and to regulate the power output. It is desirable to maintain power production in a high speed wind by reducing the size of the air scoop. The amount of air throughput can easily be reduced with or without the air turbine system being in operation to prevent over-speeding of the turbine blades. It is also desirable to design the size of the air scoop to match a particular location. For example, if there is a lower amount of average wind, the air scoop size may be enlarged. In this way, an optimization may be more readily found in a variety of locations utilizing a more standardized turbine design.
The power generated from the prevailing wind energy may be employed in creating compressed air, hydraulic pressure, pumping water, or reciprocating motion. It is not a requirement that the system is employed to generate electricity. However, electrical generation is a preferred embodiment.
The present invention may be adapted to smaller operations that utilize wind energy for the creation of needed power. For example, the teachings of the present invention may utilize existing structures as an air scoop and direct the air flow through a vertical axis turbine. A sailboat, for example, may use the wind pressure on the sail and direct a small portion of the air captured by the sail through a vertical axis turbine. The inlet section would be an inlet duct on the upwind side of a sail, and the outlet would be ducted to the downwind side of the same or other sails on the vessel. The inlet section, outlet section, and associated ductwork could be of a fixed or flexible design, and could then be routed to some convenient location where the turbine would be located. This same air flow could also be used to ventilate below deck quarters within the sailing vessel in series with the air turbine system through a suitable duct type system. This same concept could also be utilized on a non-powered barge type vessel. The power generating system could be used to charge batteries for general sailboat or barge power, or to power a small auxiliary electric outboard motor.
A prevailing wind exit drag curtain to protect the air exhaust space, or exit space, downstream of the air blades is not necessarily a requirement of the present invention. However, it provides an important improvement in operational efficiency and enhanced capacity. In some cases, operational efficiency and enhanced capacity is not a paramount concern, such as in a remote area where the power need is infrequent.
FIG. 5A shows another embodiment of the present invention and is preferred in some situations. A rigid air scoop 51 directs air from the prevailing wind 56 horizontally through air blades 52 which drive a power generator 53. An exit blocking curtain 54, similar to the inlet air scoop in design, but rotated approximately 180 degrees from the direction of the prevailing wind, protects the turbine air exit space and allows the exit air 57 from the turbine air blades to reenter the prevailing wind in an optimal manner. Stabilizing or directional air vanes which may or may not be of an opposing air foil design 55 cause the entire structure to rotate on a rotating base 58 based on the prevailing wind direction, to keep the air scoop 51 facing the prevailing wind. Alternatively, a Fechheimer type-highly directionally sensitive-velocity sensing probe could be used to help optimize the position of the air scoop and drag curtain via an air scoop jogging motor relative to the prevailing wind. This structure may be useful for smaller power generating systems.
Similarly, FIG. 5B shows another embodiment where the air scoop 59 is oriented vertically and allows rotation about the vertical axis 60 as illustrated. This air scoop can easily be directed to face the prevailing wind via a jogging motor. The exit drag curtain arrangement 61 comprises a second air scoop type structure which also rotates about a vertical axis 62, but always discharges in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind. Other wind blocking arrangements, such as illustrated in previous figures, could also be employed.
The air turbine does not necessarily need to be of a vertical axis-down-flow design to work cost effectively and efficiently. However, the air scoop section should always face into the wind, and the outlet drag section should most desirably face away from the prevailing wind in a multiple wind phased, multiple turbine staged wind energy effect for optimum wind turbine system effectiveness and power capacity.
Data from a test rig, where a prevailing wind was captured by a combined air scoop and exit drag curtain system designed according to the teachings of this invention, is shown in a table below. The test rig was designed so as to direct the captured air flow downward from the adjustable inlet air scoop into a vertical duct, turned 90° into a horizontal duct or air tube where the air velocity was measured, and then turned 90° again into an adjustable exit drag curtain configuration which discharged in the downwind direction from the prevailing wind. Air velocity measurements were made using a rotary vane type wind meter and a hot wire anemometer of the prevailing wind and the air in the horizontal duct or air tube respectively and simultaneously:














Prevailing
Horizontal 



Wind
Air Tube



Velocity
or Duct Flow



(fpm) 
Velocity (fpm)









411
641



521
652



554
563



810
837



818
906



623 Avg.
720 Avg.



Increase
16%










Great care was taken to ensure that both meters were reading comparable wind velocities when placed side by side during the hot wire anemometer to wind meter calibration exercise and just prior to inserting the hot wire anemometer into the horizontal flow tube. Higher air-tube to wind air velocity differentials recorded were discarded due to non-uniform wind speeds or gusts prevalent at the time these readings were taken.
Surprisingly, the measurements show that the air velocity in the air tube could be consistently increased to above the velocity of the prevailing wind when directed to the horizontal duct, demonstrating that there was no significant loss of wind energy. One readily concludes that there is no significant loss of available energy in the duct air flow when compared to the available energy in the prevailing wind. One also concludes that the combined inlet air scoop and downstream exit drag curtain system is highly effective in capturing the available wind energy in a multiple phase or multiple staged manner. The credibility of this experimental evidence was also verified by various flow computational methods, which are known in the art.
The exit drag curtains provide concentration of the energy available from the lower or second phase of prevailing wind upstream of the air turbine assembly. They also enhance the available pressure drop across the air turbine blades. This is done by the inherent vacuum creation or drag effect of the lower prevailing wind's velocity around the exit space from the turbine. This vacuum effect can be optimized by utilization of the wind concentration effects around the exit drag curtain relative to the lower velocities present at the inside of the exit drag curtain. The ultimate design for each application will consider the specific drag curtain geometries employed in the outlet section to obtain the most optimal air entrainment mixture rates possible downstream of the exit drag curtain. For example, when more than a 180° exit drag curtain arc is used, the optimum mixture angle might easily be at a 15° straight converging included angle, or, as much as a 0 to 60° straight diverging included angle. Even a “bluff body” diverging angle of up to 180° may be considered in order to obtain the most optimal re-entrainment conditions possible. Extensive physical and math modeling may be required for each application considered to determine the optimal re-entrainment angles for most effective remixing or re-entrainment of the two re-combining air streams back into a second phase of the prevailing wind.
The basic principle of a preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1B is based on the “S” type or reverse pitot tube type design concept for optimizing and maximizing the velocity head differential achieved from a given air velocity. This type of probe is especially useful at lower air or gas velocities. For example, the pressure differential from an “S” type pitot tube in an air stream will be higher than for a standard pitot tube where the low pressure tube is oriented only 90° to the air flow direction. Additionally, relatively minor defects in the downstream outlet nozzles outer surface for an “S” type pitot tube are also known to affect the final calibration factor applied to a specific “S” type probe as tested and calibrated in the laboratory.
The structural, mechanical, instrumentation and control and electrical systems that safely and reliably convert the rotational energy output of the vertical air turbine to safe, useable power are well known in the available art and are not a part of this invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are another embodiment of the present invention. A generator 611 at ground level is driven by a vertical shaft 614 which is powered by a radial fan 615. The radial fan 615 is driven by air from two phases of the prevailing wind in two stages: one force internal and the other force external to the air turbine assembly. The internal air comes from the flow tube 616 which traps air from the first phase of the prevailing wind 620 in front of the entry air scoop 613 which creates pressure in front of the flow tube 616. The external air comes from the second phase of the prevailing wind 620 blowing across the periphery of the radial fan 615 blades which are designed to utilize both the internal and external air flows in a first and second stage; that is, a first and second stage of air injection to the air turbine. The exhaust air then proceeds to the exit space 618 immediately surrounding the radial fan, and entrains back into the prevailing wind downstream of the invention. In this case, the exit space is defined by the change in air flow direction from a principally radial direction to a prevailing wind direction, rather than being defined by any specific ductwork or equipment geometry. Additional features include a positioning motor 619 to rotate the air scoop 613 and partial exit space drag curtain 621 which is rotated to follow the prevailing wind direction, a safety fence 612, and a brake 617 which can be used to prevent over-speeding of the radial fan. In this case, the safety fence as shown is intended to prevent people and small animals from entering the equipment. The exit space partial drag curtain and exit barrier 621 are optional features.
FIGS. 6C, 6D, and 6E show one method of how the air scoop is used in this embodiment. The view is a simplified top view and the air scoop is a fixed geometry 180 degree barrier. The air scoop 613a, 613b, and 613c is rotated as the prevailing wind 620a, 620b, and 620c increases in magnitude. In FIG. 6E the air scoop additionally blocks the air flow so that there is no wind into the flow tube and the equipment is protected in a high wind. Another air scoop method is to utilize an air scoop which is adjustable similar to the adjustable drag curtains shown in FIGS. 2G, 2H, 3C, 3E, 3F, and 3G and which are used to both concentrate and direct the flow of air both upwardly and into the flow tube and air turbine section.
FIG. 7A is another embodiment of the present invention. A radial fan of a wind powered turbine roof vent type air turbine design 73 is installed on a new or “Green” home or office building roof 72 which receives air flow from both a first and second phase of the incoming prevailing wind 71, as discussed previously. An adjustable air scoop 75 directs air flow upwardly into the inner diameter of the air turbine blade assembly, which exhausts outwardly into the exit space immediately surrounding the air turbine. Optional adjustable turning vanes 74 inside the adjustable inlet air scoop provide for enhanced air flow efficiency. Dual stabilizing-counter air foil type wind vanes 80 rotate the adjustable air inlet scoop to keep it oriented to the wind. Only one vane can be seen in this view. An additional plan view in FIGS. 8A-8C shows more clearly the self-correcting features of this design as the wind direction changes relative to the air turbine and air scoop inlet sections, as well as depicting more accurately the actual location of the two stabilizing air foils. A steel structure 76 supports the air scoop, the air turbine, and a vertical rotating shaft 77 which transmits the rotating power downward to the electric generator 79. The vertical rotating shaft is preferably a suitably balanced tube, such as a pipe or structural tubing, and may be as much as 12′′ in diameter. The vertical rotating shaft optionally provides structural support of the air turbine, both radial and vertical. The air turbine may also be supported by the steel structure (not shown) by way of the rotating cage assembly. In this embodiment, the transfer of power between the air turbine and generator is done by a smaller flexible shaft by independently supporting the horizontal wind forces on the air turbine via the rotating cage assembly. The steel structure and rotating shaft are preferably embedded into the walls, floors, and ceilings of a new home or office building and are completely hidden from view. In one embodiment, the roof turbine blades are of a reverse fan type design. Where the vertical rotating shaft goes through the structural supports, suitable bearings and supports Sla, Slb are utilized.
In FIG. 7A, air flow from the prevailing wind on the turbine blades provides power from two stages of air injection created from two phases of prevailing wind flow as previously discussed. The air scoop may be located either above or below the air turbine blades, depending upon the choice of the designer. The generator is installable at ground level, in a basement, on a second floor, or just below the roof line, depending upon local conditions, floor layout, and construction costs.
FIGS. 7B and 7C illustrate the installation of the roof mounted system on a new “Green” home or office building and also on an existing home or office building on a retrofit basis respectively. In the case of a retrofit, the installation most favorably would be done by an addition to the original home or office building as shown in FIG. 7C. The structural steel needed to support the wind turbine system and support the wind loads could be easily hidden from view by various combinations of added enclosures to the existing home, such as a garage, storage shed or various room additions. Also, architectural siding could be used as a more cost effective method for concealing the steel support structure, which would provide various lower cost options for a garage, porte-cochere, car port, storage rooms, battery and generator rooms, etc.
A dual stabilizing-counter air foil system as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C works to correct the multi-phased vertical wind turbine system orientation relative to the prevailing wind such that the inlet air scoop faces directly into the wind at all times. This is accomplished by the two opposing air foil type stabilizing fins located toward the rear of the rotatable and supporting cage structure of the wind turbine system. When the inlet air scoop is facing directly into the wind, as shown in FIG. 8B, both air foils are at minimum and opposing lifts on a horizontal or side to side basis and thus there is no correctional torque on the support cage to rotate it in either direction.
FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C show a self-correcting method for automatic re-orientation of the inlet air scoop to always face the prevailing wind by use of two opposing air foils. The use of two air foils 85 provides for a dual stabilizing-counter air foil system design that automatically and continuously corrects the air scoop orientation so that it faces directly into the wind at all times. This is accomplished by the positioning of the two opposing air foil type stabilizing fins towards the rear of the rotatable support cage and air scoop structure where fully exposed to the prevailing wind. When the inlet air scoop is facing directly into the wind as illustrated in FIG. 8B, both air foils are at minimum lift angles to the prevailing wind 86b, such that the opposing lifts are minimal. Therefore, there is no correctional torque on the support cage to rotate it in either direction.
When the wind 86a shifts relative to the inlet air scoop, as shown in FIG. 8A, the lift on the left hand (when viewed from upwind) air foil type stabilizer fin increases significantly, with zero or no lift experienced by the right hand air foil type stabilizer fin. Thus, the rotatable support structure corrects by rotating clockwise until the two stabilizer fins are again balanced and the inlet air scoop is again facing directly into the wind as shown in FIG. 8B. When the wind 86c shifts relative to the inlet air scoop, as shown in FIG. 8C, the lift on the right hand air foil type stabilizer fin increases significantly, with zero or no lift experienced by the left hand air foil type stabilizer fin. Thus, the rotatable support structure corrects by rotating counterclockwise until the two stabilizer fins are again balanced as shown in FIG. 8B and the inlet air scoop is again facing directly into the wind.
FIGS. 9A-9C, 10 shows an embodiment of the present invention where various types of air turbines and air blades are used in a novel method to exploit air flow in a general “S” shaped flow pattern through the power generating system equipment. A vertical configuration is shown, i.e. a vertical rotating axis for the air turbine and air blades, but a horizontal configuration could also be used. Also, passive air dampers are used to direct the air flow based on simple air pressure rather than rotate a flexible air scoop and maintain its direction into the wind. The passive air dampers are actuated by the prevailing wind, per natural air pressures, and by gravity.
Additionally, deflection dampers may be used to enhance the efficiency of air collection by rotating a surface area into the wind to provide an air scooping surface. In another embodiment, the deflection damper is used in combination with the passive air dampers. It also used as a regulating intake damper when a passive in-flow damper is not used. If a deflection damper is used with an out flow air movement, it is used to provide an enhanced air drag effect.
In FIG. 9A, a cross-section, the prevailing wind is directed toward the power generating equipment which may be installed on a building where the prevailing wind 91 is available. Common locations are roof tops and upper stories of a building. Air flow from the prevailing wind opens an in-flow damper 96A which is counter weighted, (also referred to as barometrically balanced), and enters lower chamber 94. A generator 93 is connected to a Full, Mixed-Outflow type Air Blade design which incorporates an air foil blade design 92. The air flows through a structural divider between the lower chamber 94 and the upper chamber 95 and thereby creates power. The air then passes through the out-flowing damper 96B which is counter weighted, (also referred to as barometrically balanced). The power generating air flow then reenters the prevailing wind on the downwind (or downstream) side of the building. Power is generated by utilizing the pressure differential and air flow created by the prevailing wind impact and drag effects around the building surfaces.
Preferably, the in-flowing dampers 96A and the out-flowing dampers 96B are designed to be as passive as possible and maintenance free. Sensors are optionally used, if required, to improve performance, and dampen any unnecessary movement by gradual repositioning any active dampers. It is highly desirable that any dampers related to air flow do not cause a pressure drop for the air flow, nor that they ‘slam’ open and closed. To that end, shock absorbers, and common anti rapid movement devices may be employed with success. The dampers only need to create a reasonable seal when closed, so that the power generation is optimized.
The number of passive dampers that are open and closed are naturally selecting based on gravity and the prevailing wind direction around the perimeter of the lower and upper chambers. The number of dampers used for an application is selectable for each particular design, based on power requirements and capital cost.
The location of the air blades (i.e. air turbine) and their orientation are chosen based on design criterion for power and maintenance. In general, the blades must be located to efficiently utilize the pressure differential generated between the upper and lower chambers. The air blades are preferably rotating about a vertical or horizontal axis. Careful attention must be paid to ensure minimal pressure losses. The air blades may be located in the lower chamber 94, the upper chamber 95, in-between, or partially in each. It is also possible to locate the air blades externally to both chambers.
FIG. 9B is similar to FIG. 9A except a Full Radial-Outflow type Air Turbine which incorporates an Air Foil type Air Blade design 97 is used. In this case the inflow air dampers are combined with air deflecting dampers 96C, as already mentioned, and the outflow passive air dampers are combined with air deflecting dampers 96D. The figure could also be shown with only air deflecting dampers 96C and 96D and the passive air dampers omitted. In this case, a control system would be needed to provide optimum power efficiency to ensure the correct dampers are open and closed for air intake and outflow. The air deflecting dampers are useful for buildings that are oddly shaped and to ensure optimum power generation. The air deflection dampers have a significant in surface area, and are preferably designed for a particular location. It should be noted that FIG. 9B is not to scale, and the visual size of the air deflecting dampers 96C and 96D are only illustrative.
FIG. 9C is similar to FIG. 9A except a Axial Flow-Propeller type Air Turbine with Air Foil type Air Blades design 98 is used and a flow tube 99 is also shown.
FIG. 10 is similar to FIG. 9B except the in-flow and out-flow dampers are reversed in their direction of opening so that the air flow through the system is reversed, using a Full, Radial Inflow type air turbine design with air blades that are designed for high efficiency.
FIG. 11 is similar to FIG. 9B except that the upper chamber is removed, the lower chamber remains 1103, and the upper air blades 1102 are designed to additionally provide power by use of a second phase of the prevailing wind 1101.
FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the present invention where the power generating equipment and assembly is mounted on top of, or near the upper rooms of a building 1205, such as a home or small office. A unique and novel method of orienting the air scoop toward the prevailing wind 1201 is shown. The air scoop 1206, air turbine 1209, and generator 1210 are all mounted in an enclosure where the air blades rotate about a separate vertical axis 1207. A separate orienting axis 1203 which runs down the center of a main support pole 1204 to the ground 1211 is used to orient the enclosure. An assembly of bearings and mounting brackets 1212 are mounted at the top of the support pole which is connected by supports to the assembly enclosure for the power generating equipment. The offset amount 1213, or distance between the two axis 1207 and 1203 then allows the prevailing wind to generate a pivoting force that rotates the assembly enclosure around the orienting axis 1203 to a position downwind of the orienting axis. Additionally, a screen or grate 1208 or is used after the air blades to prevent animals or birds from entering the exit space around the air blades. A barrier 1202 is used to define the exit space and partially or completely blocks the prevailing wind from entering it.
FIG. 13 is another embodiment of the present invention where the flow is staged on a roof in a split air turbine (or split air blade) design. There are two air blade assemblies (or air turbines) and the air is heated in between the lower air blades and the upper air blades to provide a velocity boost. The heat provides an increased pressure differential across the entire system from the inlet to the outlet, as well as through the upper air blades or air turbine assembly. The heat is preferably solar, but may additionally be from other sources that include fossil fuels, preferably clean burning fossil fuels. In this embodiment, the prevailing wind 1301 impinges on the power generation assembly which is mounted on a rooftop 1302, or near the upper portion of a building where there is available prevailing wind air flow. The electrical generator 1303 is driven by a main power shaft 1304 which runs upwardly through the split air blade (or air turbine) design. A flow tube 1305 directs air from the prevailing wind through the lower air blades 1306 and then upwardly through a heat exchanger 1308 which is fed by a heated fluid from solar panels 1309 and lower piping. An initial heating surface 1307 in the flow tube is shown. Alternatively, the exterior of the vertical air flow between the split air blade design could be insulated and the heat exchanger between the split air blades could be heated by another source, such as fossil fuel or waste building heat. The air flow is then directed upwardly toward the upper air blades 1311, and then outwardly into the prevailing wind. An upper support 1310 is provided for the main power shaft to steady it. The support is designed to allow free air flow.
The waste building heat could come from sources such as heating and air conditioning, hot water heating, kitchens and laundries, existing blowers/exhausts/air movers, other building heat sources, available steam being vented, etc.
In this embodiment, the additional pressure differential created by the chimney effect drives the air flow, but the externally heated air flow which enters the top chamber 1312 is optionally used to create an induced draft.
In another embodiment, the heat put into the vertical moving air comes from secondary air sources within the building that have heat in them and the secondary air is directly injected into the vertical moving air. Thus, the heat in the vertical moving air is indirect (heat exchanger) or direct (injected).
As used herein, an inflow chamber is defined as a chamber wherein the prevailing wind enters and subsequently passes through a flow tube, and into air blades. In some embodiments air deflectors and/or a flow tube may further direct the air or wind into the air blades.
As used herein, an outflow chamber is defined as a chamber where air from the flow tube exits the wind power enhancer system. The outflow chamber may comprise air out-flow dampers are configured to only let air out of the chamber and thereby prevent air flow from the prevailing wind from entering. In another embodiment, an outflow chamber is configured as an impingement chamber, whereby air blades extend at least partially into the outflow chamber and air from the prevailing wind enters and impacts the air blades. An outflow chamber may be any suitable structure and may be a fixed structure, as defined herein, and may be configured to rotate either automatically or passively as a function of the prevailing wind direction, or through any other suitable control, including manually.
As used herein, an impingement chamber is defined as a type of outflow chamber wherein the prevailing wind enters and subsequently impacts the air blades. In some embodiments air deflectors may be configured as wind concentrators in the impingement chamber to further direct the air or wind into the air blades. Air from the prevailing wind may enter a portion of the impingement chamber and air may exit or outflow from the impingement chamber.
As used herein, a wind energy power enhancer system, utilizes either a single phase or multi-phased wind power generating system, as described herein, that may be configured in any suitable orientation and comprise a single inflow chamber, an optional outflow chamber or a dual inflow or dual outflow chamber.
As used herein, a dual wind energy power enhancer system utilizes either a single phase or multi-phased wind power generating system, as described herein, and is configured with either a dual inflow chamber or a dual outflow chamber.
As used herein, the term single phase wind power generating system, is a power generating system as described herein that utilizes a single phase of wind or air flow to power the turbine, and may be of either a single or dual air flow inlet or outlet; and is used to distinguish it from multi-phased wind flow that utilizes both a first and second phase of wind flow.
As used herein, the term multi-phased, used to describe the wind power generating system, means that a combination of air flow is used to power the turbine, including air flow from an inflow chamber and a second phase air flow that further powers the air blades. In one embodiment the second phase air flow directly impinges on the air blades that may be extending at least partial from the air inflow chamber. In another embodiment air deflectors are configured to cause the second phase air flow to create low pressure, or vacuum over the flow tube. In addition, air flow to the turbine may be directed, deflected or concentrated by air deflectors.
As used herein, fixed structure is defined as an enclosed volume configured for the in-flow or out-flow of air and includes, but is not limited to an outflow chamber, an impingement chamber and an inflow chamber. A fixed structure may be configured to rotate either automatically or passively as a function of the prevailing wind direction, or through any other suitable control, including manually. A fixed structure may comprise any suitable type of structural material that defines the enclosed volume and may comprise fence material, or fencing configured over openings to the fixed structure. Air deflectors may be configured inside of a fixed structure and may be configured to extend outside of the enclosed volume of the fixed structure.
As used herein, air deflector is defined as any element that deflects, directs or concentrates the prevailing wind, second phase air flow, or simply air flow, and includes but is not limited to, drag curtains, exit barriers, scoops, sails, deflectors, wind concentrators, vortex inducers and the like, and may be rigid, or flexible, passive or controlled, fixed or configured to move, such as by rotating as a function of the prevailing wind. An air deflector may direct the air flow into or away from the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system, and/or may concentrate the air flow to enhance power generation. For example, an air deflector may be hinged and pivot as a function of the wind direction in a passive manner. In another embodiment, an air deflector may be flexible, such as a sail or air scoop that may open or close as a function of the prevailing wind. In an alternative embodiment, an air deflector may comprise a rigid metal surface, such as a sheet of metal that may be curved or straight. In yet another embodiment, an air deflector may be fixed and may not move or rotate. In still another embodiment, an air deflector, or a plurality of air deflectors, may rotate or move automatically as a function of the prevailing wind. Air deflectors may also be positioned or configured manually. Sensors may be used to determine the prevailing wind direction and a control system may be configured to rotate air deflectors in an effort to optimize the amount of wind captured and used by the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system.
As used herein, fence material or fencing is defined as any type of fencing or netting that may be used to allow prevailing wind to pass and provide some protection from objects passing there through. In one embodiment, the fence material has openings with a maximum dimension across the opening of no more than 0.25 inches. The maximum size of the openings in the fence may be any suitable size however, including but not limited to, no more than about 0.25 inches, no more than about 0.5 inches, no more than about 0.75 inches, no more than 1.0 inches, or any range between and including the listed dimensions. The fence material may be a metal grate or a bird screen or any other suitable material. The fence material may be rigid or flexible.
As used herein, flow tube is defined as an airflow pathway from the inflow chamber to the turbine and may consist of an opening in the separating panel or may comprise a partial enclosure, such as a cylinder, that directs, deflects or concentrates air flow from the inflow chamber to the turbine. A flow tube may extend into or out of the inflow chamber or may be an integral flow tube, wherein the inflow chamber acts as a flow tube.
A turbine, as described herein (540), may be any suitable type, and in one embodiment the turbine is a propeller or axial flow type 539 that may be configured at least partially within the flow tube, or a radial inflow 540A or radial outflow 540B type. The turbine may comprise outward or backwardly curved air vanes or blades and may be configured for direct radial or mixed axial/radial type air flow or be a mixed turbine 540C. In yet another embodiment, the turbine is a dual inlet radial outflow turbine 540D, having two separate inlets for inflow of air. A second phase of air flow may or may not be utilized in the outlet air flow or impingement chamber to implement either single or multi-phased wind flow operation. In yet another embodiment, two single inlet, radial outflow turbines are used with a single inlet chamber located between them. Again, a second phase of wind or air flow may or may not be utilized.
The air blades, as described herein, may be any suitable type and in one embodiment the air blades are one of a group comprising a: centrifugal fan, helical design, reverse flow fan design, radial fan, propeller, axial flow, cross flow, radial-inflow, radial outflow or mixed axial-radial flow, a combination type such as a combination of reaction, impulse and air foil type air blade design or a combination of backwardly-curved and air foil type blades.
Second phase air flow, as defined herein, is air flow that creates additional power but does not flow through the inflow chamber, such as air flow from the prevailing wind that impinges on the air blades directly, or air flow from the prevailing wind that is directed to create a vacuum over the flow tube, thereby creating additional power.
As depicted in FIG. 14A, the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system 500 comprises two chambers, an inflow chamber 510, and an impingent chamber 520. The impingement chamber is connected with or attached to the inflow chamber, and a separation panel 506 divides the two chambers. The configuration of the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system is vertical, as depicted, wherein the axis of the turbine is vertical. A flow tube, not shown in FIG. 14A, is configured through the separation panel and between the two chambers. The chambers are comprised of a fixed structure 502 and a fence material 504 that covers the openings 509 to the chambers. Openings include the spaces between the fixed structure supports. The fence material may completely surround a chamber, or may cover an opening to a chamber that is exposed to the outdoors. To meet some building regulations the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system may be completely enclosed wherein there is not a large opening from a chamber to the outdoors, thereby preventing animals from getting into the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system. In some cases, a chamber may have openings that are in communication with an interior space, such as an attic or some other space. The enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system comprises a roof 508 positioned over the impingement chamber, as shown in FIG. 14A. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 14A, both chambers comprise an access door, 512, 522 whereby the chambers may be easily accessed for service and/or repair, for example.
As depicted in FIG. 14A, the inflow chamber 510 is configured below the impingement chamber 520. However, any suitable configuration may be used. For example, the impingement chamber may be configured below the inflow chamber. In addition, the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system may be configured in any suitable orientation, such as vertically, as shown in many figures herein, horizontally, or any other orientation. In one embodiment, the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system may be mounted on the side of a building, such as a high rise building, where even vertically directed high wind air speeds are common, as shown in FIG. 32.
The enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system and/or the chambers may have any suitable shape including square, rectangular, circular, or have one or more curved surfaces, or be a polygon, such as an octagon shown in FIG. 14B. In addition, an inflow chamber may have a different shape and/or size than the impingement chamber. In one embodiment, the inflow chamber is an octagon shape and the impingement chamber is circular and smaller in width or diameter than the inflow chamber. The height of the chambers may be any suitable dimension and the inflow chamber may have a larger height than the impingement chamber and vice versa. The height of the inflow chamber Hf and impingement chamber Hp may be any suitable value including, but not limited to, greater than about 2 ft, greater than about 4 ft, greater than about 6 ft, greater than about 8 ft, greater than about 10 ft, greater than about 15 ft, greater than about 20 ft, and any range between and including any of the listed heights. The width of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system W, which may be defined as the largest dimension across the inflow or impingement chamber, may be any suitable dimension including, but not limited to, greater than about 2 ft, greater than about 4 ft, greater than about 6 ft, greater than about 8 ft, greater than about 10 ft, greater than about 15 ft, greater than about 20 ft, and any range between and including any of the listed widths.
Depicted in FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 14A that depicts the separation panel 506 with a flow tube 530 therein. A turbine 540 and air blades 542 are depicted as configured over the flow tube 530, as shown in FIG. 15. The turbine in FIG. 14A, FIGS. 14B and 15 is a radial outflow type air turbine, however an axial flow type turbine may be employed having at least a portion of the air blades exposed in the impingement chamber 520. The impingement chamber 520 may employ several methods for obtaining the second, phase of wind or air flow which is an integral part of its design. These methods may consist of use of combined partial air curtains and open spaces, wind concentrators, deflectors or air scoops or drag curtains to accomplish the multi-phased effect within or surrounding the basic impingement chamber itself.
Depicted in FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 14A that depicts one method in which the multi-phased wind injection technology may be employed. This cross-section shows the flow direction of the prevailing wind 120 and the air flow path 633 through the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500. The prevailing wind 120 enters the inflow chamber 510 through a plurality of passive air in-flow dampers 514, and then passes through the flow tube 530, through the radial out flow turbine 540B and out of the impingement chamber 520, making an S shape shown by solid air flow line 633. The passive air inflow dampers 514 open with the prevailing wind, and close to prevent the exit of the air from the inflow chamber, as shown by the closed passive air in-flow dampers 14′. This causes a pressure increase in the inflow chamber and forces the air flow through the flow tube and through the turbine. The passive air inflow dampers may be any suitable material such as, but not limited to, plastic sheet or film, metal sheet, a fabric, and may be rigid or flexible. In one embodiment, the passive air inflow dampers of the inflow chamber are plastic sheets that are configured on the inside of the fixed structure, or on the inside of fencing material. A plurality of passive air inflow dampers may be configured in any suitable manner. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of passive air inflow dampers 514′ are configured out of lightweight flexible material to overlap and provide an effective seal against the fence material, and effectively prevent air flow from exiting the inflow chamber directly back to the atmosphere, as shown in FIG. 15. The prevailing wind 120 also enters the impingement chamber and impinges on the air blades as it passes through the impingement chamber, an example of second phase air flow 602.
As depicted in FIG. 16A, the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 is comprised of an air inflow chamber 510, but does not comprise an impingement chamber. The second phase air flow 602, from the prevailing wind 120 impinges directly on the air blades 542. A top down view of the enhanced multi-phase wind power generating system shown in FIG. 16A is depicted in FIG. 16B.
As depicted in FIG. 17, the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system comprises an inflow chamber 510, and an impingement chamber 520. The inflow chamber has fence material 504, whereas the impingement chamber does not. A plurality of air deflectors 560 are depicted being configured around the turbine 540B and partially within the impingement chamber 520. Any number of air deflectors may be configured around the turbine 540B, and, depending on the prevailing wind direction, some of the air deflectors may concentrate the wind and some may deflect the wind. As described herein, an air deflector may be any element that deflects the prevailing wind and includes, but is not limited to, drag curtains, exit barriers, scoops, sails, and the like. An air deflector may direct the prevailing wind into or away from the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system, and may concentrate the wind to enhance power generation. An air deflector may be within a chamber or may be configured on the outside of a chamber or on the exterior of the fixed structure. In addition, an air deflector may extend from within a chamber as shown in FIG. 17.
As depicted in FIG. 18, a plurality of air deflectors are attached by an attachment feature 562, and are configured to move as a function of the prevailing wind direction. The air deflectors may be configured to move as a function of the prevailing wind direction to enhance or optimize the power generated by the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system.
FIG. 19 shows a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 having a plurality of air deflectors 560, 560 configured within the impingement chamber 520 and a fence 504 material covering an impingement chamber. The fence material may cover at least a portion of the sides and top of the impingement chamber, thereby providing for low resistance to flow coming from the inflow chamber. The impingement chamber 520 shown in FIG. 19 has a roof comprised of open space covered with fence material.
FIG. 20 shows a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an angled surface that extends to the turbine creating a venturi effect. The angle of the surfaces may be any suitable angle and the surfaces may be straight or curved. In a preferred embodiment, the surfaces are at an angle of no more than 15 degrees, or 30 degrees included when there is a top flow concentrating surface 529 and bottom concentrating surface 528. The venturi effect may increase the flow velocity of the second phase air flow 602 and thereby create more power.
FIG. 21 shows a side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having an impingement chamber 520 with a fixed structure 502 closing off a portion of the open area 509, and fence material 504 covering all the openings around the impingement chamber. A slotted opening in the impingement chamber may provide for less turbulence and better control of the second phase air flow through the chamber.
FIG. 22 shows a top down view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors 560 extending from the turbine, and a plurality of air defectors 560′ extending from the chamber. Any number of air deflectors may be configured within, on or attached to and extending from a chamber or they may be configured in any number of ways around the turbine.
FIG. 23 shows a top down view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having a plurality of air deflectors 560 extending radially out from the turbine 540B. The prevailing wind between air deflectors 560 and 560′ is deflected into the air turbine to become second phase air flow 602. A pivot point 564 provides for movement or rotation of the air deflectors as depicted by the arrows on air deflector 560′′. As shown in FIG. 24, the air deflectors 560 have been rotated to enhance the flow of second phase air through the turbine. In addition, a small impingement chamber 520 is depicted covering the turbine that extends out of the inflow chamber. The impingement chamber shown in FIG. 24 consists of fencing material configured around the turbine. The air deflectors shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, both extend beyond the inflow chamber.
As depicted in FIG. 25, an air scoop 570 type air deflector 560 is configured within the inflow chamber 510. The prevailing wind 120 enters the inflow chamber 510 and is concentrated by the air scoop 570. The air passes through the flow tube and through the turbine before exiting out of the impingement chamber 520. An air scoop with an inflow chamber may be configured to move or rotate with the air flow into the inflow chamber. Passive outflow air dampers 526 are shown being opened by the air flow out of the impingement chamber. An impingement chamber may comprise any number of passive outflow dampers, and these dampers may be configured to pivot away from the chamber, thereby allowing air flow to freely exit the impingement chamber.
As depicted in FIG. 26, a plurality of air deflectors 560, 560′ are configured within the inflow chamber 510. The air deflectors depicted are attached and are configured to rotate to enhance air flow through the flow tube.
As depicted in FIG. 27A, a plurality of air deflectors 560-560′, are configured on the inside of the impingement chamber, and a plurality of external inflow air deflectors 566-566′′′ are configured outside of the inflow chamber and impingement chamber. Any number of air deflectors may be configured within a chamber, or outside of the chamber or fixed structure. As depicted in FIG. 27A, different types of air deflectors may be configured within or around the inflow chamber and the impingement chamber. FIG. 27B is a top down view of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system shown in FIG. 27A.
FIG. 28 depicts an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system having two turbines configured about the same axis. One turbine 540A is configured in the inflow chamber in a radial in flow application and the other radial out flow turbine 540B is configured in the impingement chamber. The turbine may be configured in any suitable location. In one embodiment, the turbine is configured completely outside of the inflow chamber and connected with a flow tube as shown in FIG. 29. The flow tube may extend from the inflow chamber any suitable amount. In some cases, it may be advantageous to extend the flow tube such that a turbine connected at the extended end may be exposed to more wind flow. In another embodiment, the turbine 540 is configured within the flow tube and partially extends from the inflow chamber 510 as shown in FIG. 30.
FIG. 30 shows a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 having a turbine 540 of combined axial-radial outflow design configured within a flow tube with the radial flow portion of the turbine partially extending from the inflow chamber and into the prevailing wind 120 where second phase air flow 602 may directly impinge on the air blades.
FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional side view of an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 having a radial inflow type turbine 540A configured within the inflow chamber and a configuration of air deflectors 560 to create a low pressure 599 over the flow tube. Any number of configurations of air deflectors may be used to create low pressure or vacuum over the flow tube. A vortex type air flow is one example. The vortex phase of the wind creates a low pressure or vacuum 599 which causes the turbine to spin faster and creates more power thereby creating a multi-phased wind power generation system. As shown in FIG. 31, a first phase of wind flow through the turbine and the flow tube, and a vortex phase creates a low pressure over the flow tube to enhance flow and power.
As depicted in FIG. 32, an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 is mounted or attached to the side of a building 580 in a horizontal configuration. The axis of the turbine is in a horizontal configuration. Mounting the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system on the side of a building and especially significantly elevated from ground level, may provide for higher and more consistent wind flow for generating power. In many cities, there is a strong and often sustained upward wind flow along the face of buildings. This wind flow could be harnessed by the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system described herein to generate power.
In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 33-38, the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system is a dual inlet type dual enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system. In a dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system, air from a plurality of inflow chambers is directed into the turbine 540. As shown in FIG. 33, a first inflow chamber 510 is configured above the impingement chamber 520 and a second inflow chamber 590 is configured below the impingement chamber. Airflow from both inflow chambers 510, 590 is directed into the air turbine 540, as shown in FIG. 34. Air flow from a plurality of directions increases the total flow of air into the turbine, thereby increasing the power output. The impingement chamber 520 further increases power by allowing second phase air flow to impact on the turbine directly. The size and inlet area of an inflow or inflow chambers and the impingement chamber may be selected to optimize the overall efficiency and power output of the multi-phased wind power generating system described herein. For example, in one embodiment, an inflow chamber may be configured to have an air inflow area that is much greater than the impingement chamber air inflow area. Air inflow area is the area through which air may enter an inflow chamber, and may be the product of the height and perimeter of an inflow chamber. Impingement inflow area is the area through which air may enter an impingement chamber and may be the product of the height and perimeter of an impingement chamber. For example, as shown in FIG. 33, the height of inflow chambers H1 and H2, and the height of the inflow chamber Ht, may be selected to provide an air inflow area that is much greater than the impingement chamber inflow area. Any suitable ratio of air inflow area to impingement inflow area may be selected including from about 99:1 to about 1:99, and may be about 50:1, 25:1, 10:1 and more preferably for most applications, no more than about 5:1, no more than about 3:1, no more than about 2:1, no more than about 1:1, no more than about 0.5:1 and any range between and including the ratios listed. The air turbine may be designed according to the air inflow ratio selected, and factors including the typical wind flow speed and consistency may be factored into the design criteria.
In one embodiment, a dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system comprises two air inflow chambers, whereby each air inflow chamber directs flow into the turbine. An exemplary turbine for use in a dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system is a dual inlet radial outflow turbine 540D, as shown in FIG. 34-38. In this embodiment, the turbine may be configured in an impingement chamber whereby flow from the prevailing wind directly impinges on the turbine, and whereby air exits from the dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system. Additionally, in this embodiment, any suitable configuration and combination of air scoops, air deflectors, air curtains and vortex inducers may be used to direct air flow into turbine 540D as a first phase of wind injection. In one embodiment, at least some of the inflow chamber inlet air flow may be re-directed into the an impingement chamber, thereby increasing the second phase wind that impinges directly onto the air turbine.
FIG. 33 is a side view of an exemplary enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 configured as a dual inlet enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 comprising three chambers: a first inflow chamber 510, a second inflow chamber 590 and an impingement chamber 520. The two air inflow chambers 510, 590 may be configured on opposing sides of an air impingement chamber 520 as shown in FIG. 33. The dual inlet enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 may be configured in any suitable orientation, such as vertical, as shown in FIG. 33, or horizontal for example. In addition, as shown in FIG. 33, each chamber may be configured with protective fence material 504 and access doors 512, 522, and 532.
FIG. 34 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system 500 taken along line GG in FIG. 33. As depicted by the bold lines and arrows, the prevailing wind 120 is directed from both air inflow chambers 510, 590 into the turbine 540D. The turbine 540D shown in FIG. 34 is a dual inlet radial outflow turbine, having two separate inlets for inflow of air to the turbine. In one embodiment, a dual inlet radial outflow turbine has two inlets configured for receiving inflow air from two separate inflow chambers, as shown in FIG. 38. In addition, the center air impingement chamber comprises air deflectors 560 that direct and concentrate the prevailing wind into the turbine. Any combination of air inflow dampers, air curtains, air deflectors, exit barrier, air scoops and the like may be used in any of the chambers. For example, the first air inflow chamber may comprise a rotating air scoop and the second air inflow chamber and the air impingement chamber may comprise air deflectors. As shown in FIG. 34, the first and second inflow chambers comprise air inflow damper 514.
FIG. 35 is a top down cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system 500 taken along line TT as shown in FIG. 34. Air deflectors 560 extend from the dual inlet radial outflow turbine 540D to the outside of the fixed structure. The air deflectors concentrate and direct the prevailing wind 120 into the turbine 540D, as indicated by the positive and negative symbols depicted within the impingement chamber 520. Within an impingement chamber there is an impingement portion and an outflow portion. The impingement portion is the area where the inflow air is directed to directly impinge on the air blades, as depicted by the inward facing arrows in FIG. 35, and may include upwards of 270° of rotation about the turbine. The outflow portion is the area where air is flowing out of the impingement chamber as indicated by the outward facing arrows in FIG. 35. Air deflectors may be within the impingement chamber, outside the impingement chamber, or both within the impingement chamber and outside the impingement chamber.
The multi-phased wind power generating system may comprise a vortex inducer to enhance the air flow through the turbine, thereby generating more power. In one embodiment, a positive flow vortex inducer may be configured to introduce vortex flow into the turbine. A positive flow vortex inducer directs air flow having a complimentary rotation into the turbine Any suitable configuration may be used as a positive flow vortex inducer, and a vortex inducer may be used with any of the enhanced multi-phased wind power generating systems described herein including a dual inlet enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system. A positive flow vortex inducer may also be configured with an axial flow type air turbine having a propeller type air turbine with air foil type air blades for example. In another embodiment, a negative flow vortex inducer is configured over and/or around a turbine exhaust and further induces or accelerates flow through the turbine; by means of increasing the pressure differential created across the overall wind turbine assembly by way of the increased air flows and velocities through the fixed air blades. In one embodiment, a negative flow vortex inducer reduces pressure at the turbine exhaust, thereby increasing the air flow rate through the turbine. Any suitable configuration may be used as a vortex inducer, and a vortex inducer may be used with any suitable enhanced multi-phased wind power generating systems described herein including an axial flow type air turbine. A negative flow vortex inducer creates a vortex phase of air flow, that combined with a first phase of air flow provide a multi-phased wind power generating system.
FIG. 36 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system 500 and FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 36 taken along line WW. As shown in FIG. 36, the first inflow chamber 510 comprises air inflow dampers 514. The second inflow chamber 590 comprises a positive flow vortex inducer 594 having air deflectors configured to both concentrate and direct the air flow into a vortex, or rotational flow directed into the flow tube 530, and subsequently through the dual inlet radial outflow turbine 540D. The vortex deflectors 599 of the positive flow vortex inducer 594 are configured with a reducing height from the outside of the chamber to the inner edge where they terminate proximate the flow tube 530. The inner edge of the vortex deflectors 599 extend inside the outer diameter of the flow tube 531 as shown in FIG. 37. Put another way, the tangent tip circle 596, or the circle outlined by the inner edge of the vortex deflectors 599, having a tangent tip diameter 597 is smaller in diameter than the flow tube diameter 531. This configuration of vortex deflectors creates a positive pressure and thus a positive flow with increased rotational flow into the flow tube, or a positive flow vortex. A vortex deflector 599 is a specifically designed type of air deflector 560, having a reducing air contact surface, or height as shown in FIG. 36, from the outer edge to the inner edge as described. Also shown in FIG. 36 is a vortex baffle 598, or conical shaped feature that reduces the volume of an air inflow chamber 590. A reduction in the volume of an inflow chamber from the outside perimeter to the center further concentrates flow and enhances the creation of a positive pressure vortex flow into a turbine or flow tube.
FIG. 38 is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary dual inlet air multi-phased wind power generating system 500 having two positive flow vortex inducer 594, 594′. The two positive flow vortex inducers are both configured to direct and concentrate flow in a complementary manner into the dual inlet radial outflow turbine 540D. The half circle arrows shown in FIG. 38 along the center axis of the enclosure represent the rotation of the air in each chamber. The vortex deflectors 599′ in the first air inflow chamber 510 do not extend outside of the enclosure, whereas the vortex deflectors 599 in the second inflow chamber 590 extend outside of the enclosure.
FIG. 39 is a side view of an exemplary multi-phased wind power generating system 500 having a negative flow vortex inducer 610 configured to reduce pressure over the outlet portion of the flow tube 530, thereby enhancing the flow through the flow tube and axial flow turbine 539. Passive in-flow dampers 514 are configured on the inflow chamber 510, and fencing 504 is configured around the impingement chamber 520.
FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary multi-phased wind power generating system 500 along line YY of FIG. 39. The first inflow chamber 510 comprises a positive flow vortex inducer 594. The negative flow vortex inducer 610 comprises a plurality of negative flow vortex deflectors 619, that are configured to direct a strong vortex type air flow from the prevailing wind around the outer diameter of the flow tube 530 and towards the discharge end of the flow tube. The deflectors, as well as the flow tube may be shaped to further enhance, direct and sustain vortex flow. The vortex deflectors 619 may be specially shaped to assist the strong vortex induced flow outflow and create a more optimum directional and increased negative pressure air flow over the turbine and the exhaust of the flow tube at the flow tube outlet where the air flow is re-entrained, as indicated by the bold line having an arrow. Also shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 is a vortex stabilizer 667, or bobbin shaped object positioned over the flow tube exhaust that stabilizes or helps maintain the flow rotation from the flow tube exhaust and negative flow vortex inducer. The vortex stabilizer 667 may also improve re-entrainment of air flow.
FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the negative flow vortex inducer 610 portion of the multi-phased wind power generating system 500 shown in FIG. 39, taken along line XX. The negative flow vortex deflectors 619 are configured to extend to the tangent tip circle 596, that is larger in diameter, than the flow tube 530 outer diameter 531. This configuration creates a vortex flow that draws air out the flow tube and re-entrains it back into the surrounding area and downstream prevailing wind.
The wind energy power enhancer system, described herein is a versatile and easily implemented system in both rural and residential areas as well as near or at the tops of office buildings in downtown or outlying business centers. As shown in FIG. 42-46 a multi-phased wind power generating system may be aesthetically configured on or near the top, next to, or between buildings. As shown in FIGS. 42, 43, 45 and 46, a multi-phased wind power generating system 500 is configured on top of a building 580. As shown in FIG. 44, the multi-phased wind power generating system 500 is configured between two buildings 580, 580′. The buildings shown in FIG. 44 are townhomes, but could be any type of building including office or government building, barns, corn or grain silos and the like. A multi-phased wind power generating system may be well suited for placement between two office buildings at a high elevation. FIG. 42 shows an enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 configured on top of a town home. FIG. 43 shows a multi-phased wind power generating system 500 configured on top of a single family home. FIG. 45 shows a dual enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 configured on top of a single family home. FIG. 46 shows two multi-phased wind power generating systems 500, 500′ configured on top of a single family home. Any number and configuration of wind power generating systems may be configured on, within, partially within or attached to one or more buildings. The multi-phased wind power generating system may also be configured on top of barns, corn and grain silos and other rural type structures where electrical power may not be as readily accessible and where tall structures are not inhibited by codes and regulations. The multi-phased wind power generating system may also be easily implemented on homes and other dwellings where codes and regulations must be met for any new structure added to the dwelling. In an exemplary embodiment, the multi-phased wind power generating system is a fixed structure that can be made to meet all codes and regulations, specifically enclosure regulations. The fixed structure may be configured to rotate or may be adjustable.
FIG. 47 shows a dual outflow type 600 enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system 500 comprising dual or two turbines 540, 540′ located within two separate impingement chambers 520, 520′. The turbines shown in FIG. 47 are dual outflow type wind turbines, however any suitable type and combination of turbines can be used in a dual outflow type enhanced multi-phased wind power generating system. As shown in FIG. 47, a single inlet chamber 510 is and located vertically between two impingement chambers, each having a turbine configured therein. In an exemplary embodiment, a radial outflow type wind turbine is configured in one or both of the impingement chambers. The two wind turbine rotor assemblies are shown connected in FIG. 47, however each turbine may have a separate axis and may or may not be connected mechanically and/or electrically for the production of useful multi-phased wind power. In an exemplary embodiment, the two impingement chambers of the dual outflow type multi-phased wind power generating system are configured on opposing sides of an inlet chamber, as shown in FIG. 47 where a first impingement chamber 520 is configured above the inflow chamber 510 and a second impingement chamber 520′ is configured below the inflow chamber. The impingement chambers of a dual outflow type multi-phased wind power generating system may also be configured horizontally on opposing sides of an inflow chamber. In addition, any suitable type of air deflector, or combination of air deflectors, as described herein, may be configured in, on and/or around a dual outflow type multi-phased wind power generating system including, but not limited to, drag curtains, exit barriers, scoops, sails, deflectors, vortex inducers and the like. In one embodiment, a deflector is configured in the inflow chamber to direct approximately an equal amount of inflow air into the two impingement chambers. In certain cases, the impingement chamber or air outflow chambers may only serve as an air outflow chamber and be only designed to provide single phase air flow to the wind turbine or turbines.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described, the invention may be easily modified and adapted to suit various air turbines of either an existing or new design as may be developed by those most skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the description and figures as shown herein, and includes all such embodiments, changes, and modifications that are encompassed by the scope of the claims.
Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described herein and illustrated in the accompanying figures. The embodiments described are only for purposes of illustrating the present invention and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention, and certain modifications, combinations and improvements of the described embodiments, will occur to those skilled in the art and all such alternate embodiments, combinations, modifications, improvements are within the scope of the present invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combination and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Specific embodiment, features and elements described herein may be modified, and/or combined in any suitable manner. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications, combinations and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combination and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Specific embodiment, features and elements described herein may be modified, and/or combined in any suitable manner. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications, combinations and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

## Claims

1. A dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising:
a. a power generating turbine wherein said power generating turbine incorporates air blades in the form of a reverse flow fan that rotate about an axis,
b. a first inflow chamber comprising
a first fixed structure having one or more openings for receiving a first chamber first phase air flow from a prevailing wind; and
a first flow tube,

c. a first separation panel extending between the first inflow chamber and the power generating turbine;
wherein the first flow tube extends through said first separation panel and is configured to direct the first chamber first phase air flow into said air blades;

d. a second inflow chamber comprising
a second fixed structure having one or more openings for receiving a second chamber first phase air flow from the prevailing wind; and
a second flow tube,

e. a second separation panel extending between the second inflow chamber and the power generating turbine;
wherein the second flow tube extends through said second separation panel and is configured to direct the second chamber first phase air flow into said air blades;
wherein said air blades are exposed to both the first and second chamber first phase air flows and to a second phase air flow from a second phase wind, wherein the second phase air flow from the prevailing wind is directed to impinge on the air blades and wherein the first phase air flow from both the first and second inflow chambers exits the power generation turbine in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of said first and second first phase air flows entering said power generating turbine from said first and second flow tubes, and wherein the dual wind energy power enhancer system is configured to utilize air flow from both the first and second inflow chambers and the second phase air flow to create power.

2. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and the second fixed structures is configured to rotate.

3. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein said air blades are configured to extend at least partially from the first inflow chamber and into the second phase air flow.

4. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or the second inflow chambers comprises a plurality of passive inflow dampers.

5. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein the axis is in a substantially vertical configuration.

6. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein the wind energy power enhancer system is configured on or at least partially within a building.

7. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, further comprising an impingement chamber configured at least partially around the air blades.

8. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 7, wherein the impingement chamber is configured between the first and second inflow chambers.

9. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 8, wherein the axis is in a vertical configuration and the first inflow chamber is configured above the impingement chamber and the second inflow chamber is configured below said impingement chamber.

10. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, further comprising at least one air deflector configured in or around the first inflow chamber, in or around the second inflow chamber or around the air blades in an outflow chamber.

11. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein at least one air deflector is a drag curtain.

12. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein at least one air deflector is an exit barrier.

13. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein at least one air deflector is an air scoop.

14. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein the at least one air deflector is configured as a wind concentrator to direct air from the prevailing wind into the air blades.

15. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein the at least one air deflector is configured to move.

16. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein the at least one air deflector is configured outside of an air inflow chamber.

17. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 10, wherein a plurality of air deflectors are configured in or around the first inflow chamber as a vortex inducer.

18. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 17, wherein the vortex inducer is a positive flow vortex inducer, configured to produce a positive pressure and a vortex flow into at least one of the first and the second flow tubes.

19. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 17, wherein the vortex inducer is a negative flow vortex inducer configured to reduce pressure at the turbine outlet thereby increasing the differential pressure across the turbine.

20. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 1, wherein the first inflow chamber has a first inflow area, and the first flow tube has a first flow tube cross-sectional area, whereby a ratio of the first inflow area to the first flow tube cross-sectional area is greater than 0.01:1.

21. A dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising:
a. a power generating turbine, wherein said power generating turbine incorporates air blades in the form of a reverse flow fan that rotate about an axis;
b. a first inflow chamber comprising:
a first fixed structure having one or more openings for receiving first chamber air flow, and
a plurality of passive in-flow dampers;

c. a second inflow chamber comprising:
a second fixed structure having one or more openings for receiving second chamber air flow, and
a plurality of passive in-flow dampers;

d. an outflow chamber configured between said first and second inflow chambers to direct flow away from the dual wind energy power enhancer system after impinging on the air blades; and
e. a first flow tube configured to direct air from the first inflow chamber into said air blades,
f. a second flow tube configured to direct air from the second inflow chamber into said air blades,
f. a separation panel extending between the first inflow chamber and the power generating turbine;
wherein said first flow tube extends through said separation panel and is configured to direct a first phase air flow into said air blades;
wherein said air blades are configured to extend at least partially into an impingement chamber, and wherein the dual wind energy power enhancer system is configured to utilize said first and second chamber air flow to create power
wherein said air blades are exposed to both the first phase air flow from the first inflow chamber and a first phase air flow from the second inflow chamber and to a second phase air flow from a prevailing wind, wherein the second phase air flow directly impinges on the air blades.

22. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 21, wherein the outflow chamber is configured with air outflow dampers configured around the air blades for preventing a portion of the second phase air flow from entering the impingement chamber.

23. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 21, wherein the impingement chamber comprises a plurality of air deflectors.

24. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 21, further comprising at least one air deflector configured in the first inflow chamber or in the second inflow chamber or around the air blades to direct the second phase air flow towards the air blades.

25. A dual wind energy power enhancer system comprising:
a. a first outflow chamber comprising:
i. a first fixed structure having a plurality of openings for receiving second phase air flow from a prevailing wind;
ii. a first turbine having a first set of air blades in the form of a reverse flow fan that rotate about an axis;

b. a second outflow chamber comprising:
i. a second fixed structure having a plurality of openings for receiving second phase air flow from the prevailing wind,
ii. a second turbine having a second set of air blades;

c. an inflow chamber comprising a third fixed structure and a plurality of openings for receiving first phase air flow from the prevailing wind;
d. a first flow tube configured to direct air from the air inflow chamber into said first turbine; and
e. a second flow tube configured to direct air from the air inflow chamber into said second turbine;
f. a first separation panel extending between the inflow chamber and the first outflow chamber;
g. a second separation panel extending between the inflow chamber and the second outflow chamber;
wherein the first flow tube extends through said first separation panel and is configured to direct a portion of the inflow chamber first phase air flow into said first set of air blades; and
wherein the second flow tube extends through said second separation panel and is configured to direct a portion of the inflow chamber first phase air flow into said second set of air blades; and
wherein at least one of said first and second sets of air blades are configured to extend at least partially into said outflow chambers, and wherein the dual wind energy power enhancer system is configured to utilize air flow from the inflow chamber to direct air into said first and second air blades to create wind power, and whereby said power enhancing system creates useful power from the prevailing wind;
wherein said first and second set of air blades are exposed to both the first phase air flow from the inflow chamber and to a said second phase air flow,
wherein the second phase air flow from the prevailing wind is directed to impinge on the first and second set of air blades.

26. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 25, further comprising at least one air deflector configured in the first inflow chamber or the second inflow chamber or around the air blades to direct the second phase air flow towards the air blades.

27. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 25, wherein at least one of the outflow chambers is configured as an impingement chamber.

28. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 25, wherein the outflow chambers are configured with air outflow dampers configured around the air blades in both the first and second outflow chambers for preventing a portion of the second phase air flow from the prevailing wind from entering the first and second outflow chambers.

29. The dual wind energy power enhancer system of claim 25, wherein the inflow chamber has a first inflow area and the flow tube has a flow tube cross-sectional area, whereby a ratio of the inflow area to the cross-sectional area of the flow tube is greater than 0.01:1.