# The State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for

the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 

# ) National Ambient Air Quality

Standards

Final Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

For Annual 15 μg/m 3 

# and Daily 35 μg/m 3



# PM 2.5 

# National Ambient Air Quality Standards

December 201 2

### i PREFACE

Th is document acknowledges the improvement in New Jersey’s outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 

### ) air quality by request ing that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) redesignate New Jersey ’s portions of its two multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas to

attainment for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### PM 2.5 

### National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), in accordance with the Clean Air Act.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) ackn owledges the efforts and assistance of the agencies and individuals whose contributions were instrumental in the preparation of this implementation plan revision. In particular, the Department wishes to acknowledge the individuals within the New Jersey De partment of Transportation (NJDOT) , the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority, Inc. (NJTPA)

, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), Region II of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the Mid

- Atlantic Regional Air Ma nagement Association ( MARAMA ) , AMEC

Environment and Infrastructure and SRA International, Inc. f or techni cal contractual support, as well as staff within the NJDEP for their assistance and guidance.

### ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. ii

LIST OF TA BLES

................................ ................................ ................................ ....................... iii

LIST OF FIGURES

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... iv

LIST OF APPENDICES

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. v

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

................................ ................................ ........................ vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... viii

1.0 INTR ODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 1

2.0 BACKGROUND

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 3

3.0 AIR QUALITY

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 5

4.0 REQUEST FOR REDESIGNATION OF AREA TO ATTAINMENT

.............................. 1 1

4.1 Demonstration of Attainment of the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS

................................ ...................... 11

4.2 Clean Air Act Section 110 (k) SIP Requirements

................................ ........................ 15

4.3 Permanent and Enforceable Improvement in Air Quality

................................ ............. 15

4.4 Clean Air Act Part A Section 110 and Part D Requirements

................................ ........ 20

4.4.1 Infrastructure Requirements

................................ ................................ ........................ 20

4.4.2 Transport

................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 20

4.4.3 Clean Air Act Part D Requirements

................................ ................................ ............. 21

4.5 Maintenance Plan

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 24

4.5.1 Emission Inventories

................................ ................................ ................................ ... 24

4.5.2 Maintenance Demonstration

................................ ................................ ....................... 35

4.5.3 PM 2.5 

### Control Measures

................................ ................................ .............................. 38

4.5.4 Monitoring Network and Verification of Continued Attainment

................................ ..... 46

4.5.5 Contingency Plan

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 47

4.6 Transportation Conformity

................................ ................................ ........................... 48

4.6.1 Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 48

4.6.2 Budgets for Attainment and Maintenance of the Annual and Daily PM 2.5 

### NAAQS

........ 50

5.0 CONCLUSION

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 53

### iii LIST OF TA BLES

Table 1a : New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 16

Table 1b : Federal Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 18

Table 2 : PM2.5, 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern N ew Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 27

Table 3 : NO

x 

### 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 28

Table 4 : SO 2 

### 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 29

Table 5 : PM 2.5, 

### 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 30

Table 6 : NO

x 

### 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- P hiladelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 30

Table 7 : SO 2 

### 2007 Attainment, 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County a nd Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 31

Table 8 : 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM 2.5 

### NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### Emissions Summary

Multi

- State (NJ, NY, CT) Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Conne cticut Nonattainment Area

..... 36

Table 9 : 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM 2.5 

### NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### Emissions Summary Multi

- State (NJ, PA, DE) Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

................................ .................... 37

Table 10 : Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 39

Table 11 : Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Pennsylvania

- Delaware Nonattainment Area

..... 42

Table 12 : Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets for Both the PM 2.5 

### Daily NAAQS and

PM 2.5 

### Annual NAAQS

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 51

Table 13 : Calculation of 2025 Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets

............................ 52

### iv LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 : New Jersey’s Multi

- State PM 2.5 

### Nonattainment Areas

................................ .................. 4

Figure 2 : PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Locations in New Jersey

................................ ................................ ... 5

Figure 3 : Annual PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Northern New Jersey

- New Yor k

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

................................ ............. 6

Figure 4 : Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

................................ ............. 6

Figure 5 : Annual PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

................................ ............................ 7

Figure 6 : Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

................................ ............................ 7

Figure 7 : New Jersey Statewide Averages: 2002

- 2011 Speciation Data (μg/m 3 

### )

....................... 10

Figure 8 : New Jersey Statewide Averages, New Jersey: 2002

- 2011 Speciation Data (%)

......... 10

Figure 9 : 2007

- 2009 Annual PM 2.5 

### Design Values Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

................................ ............ 13

Figure 10 : 2007

- 2009 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Design Values Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

................................ ............ 13

Figure 11 : 2007

- 2009 Annual PM 2.5 

### Design Values Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

................................ ........................... 14

Figure 12 : 2007

- 2009 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Design Values Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

................................ ........................... 14

Figure 13 : PM 2.5 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Northern New Je rsey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 32

Figure 14 : NO

x 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 32

Figure 15 : SO 2 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

........ 33

Figure 16 : PM 2.5 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 33

Figure 17 : NO

x 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 34

Figure 18 : SO 2 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

........................ 34

Figure 19 : Metropolitan Planning Organizations in New Jersey

................................ ................. 50

### v LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I: USEPA Guidance Documents

Appendix II : Histor ical Summary o f New Jersey’s PM 2.5 

### State Implementation Plans

Appendix II I : Monitoring Data

Appendix IV: Seasonal PM 2.5 

### Mo nitoring Data Analysis

Appendix V : 2007 Attainment Emissions Inventory

Attachment V

- 1 : * Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2007 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the

Northeast / Mid

- Atlantic Region, Version 3.3

. Attachment V

- 2 :* 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by SCC

Attachment V

- 3: * 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by Facility

Attachment V

- 4 a :* 2007 and 2025 Point Source Inventory by Unit

Attachment V

- 4b:* 2007 Point Source Inventory by Unit with Control Efficiencies

Attachment V

- 5 : * 2007 Area Source Calculation Methodology Sheets

Attachment V

- 6 : * 2007 and 2025 Area Source Inventory

Attachment V

- 7 : * 2007 Nonroad Inventory

Attachment V

- 8 : * Point So urce Q uality A ssurance Documentation

Appendix VI : 2025 Projection Emissions Inventory

Attachment VI

- 1 : * Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the

Northeast / Mid

- Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, Rev. 1

Attachment VI

- 2 : * Area Source Inventory Growth Factor Tables

Attachment VI

- 3:* Nonroad Inventory Attachments

Appendix V II : On road Sources Emissions Inventories 2007 , 2009 and 2025

Attachment V II

- 1 : * Onroad inventory 2007, 2009, and 2025

Attachment V II

- 2 :* MOVES Inputs and Outputs

Appendix VIII: 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory

Attachment VIII

- 1:* 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory, NNJ

- NY

- CT NAA

Attachment VIII

- 2:* 2017 Interim Year Emissions Inventory, SNJ

- Phila. NAA

Attachment VIII

- 3: * Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in

the Northeast/Mid

- Atlantic Region

, Version 3.3

Appendix IX: 2008 Inventory and 2007/2008/2025 Inventory Comparison

Attachment IX

- 1:* 2008 Inventory and 2007/2008/2025 Inventory Comparison

Appendix X: Transportation Conformity Background

Appendix XI: Public Participation and Response to Comments

Attachment XI

- 1 :* Notice of Availability of SIP

Attachment XI

- 2:* Documentation of Notices and New Jersey Register

Attachment XI

- 3:* Control Measure Benefit Summary for New Jersey Post 2002

* Only available electronically at: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/baqp/sip/siprevs.htm

### vi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

μg/m 3 

### Micrograms per cubic meter

AEL Alternative Emission Limit

AIRS Aerometric Information Retrieval System

AQS Air Quality System

BAM Bureau of Air Monitoring

CAA Clean Air Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas

CSAPR Cross

- State Air Pollution Rule

CTG Control Technique Guideline

DV Design Value

DVRPC Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission

EGU Electric Generating Unit

F ed. R eg. Federal Register

FRM Federal Reference Method

FSEL Facility

- Specific Emission Limit

HDDV Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle

HEDD High Electric Demand Day

ICI Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

I/M Inspection and Maintenance

kW Kilowatt

LEV Low Emission Vehicle

MACT Maximum Available Control Technology

MARAMA Mid

- Atlantic Regional Air Management Association

MATS Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization

NAA Nonattainment Area

NAAQS National Ambient Air Qu ality Standards

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

NJDOT New Jersey Department of Transportation

N.J.R. New Jersey Register

NJTPA N orth Jersey Transportation Planning A uthority

NNEM National Non r oad Emissions Model

NNSR Nonattainment New Source Review

NO

x 

### Oxides of Nitrogen

NSPS New Source Performance Standard

NSR New Source Review

OBD On

- Board Diagnostics

PM 2.5 

### Fine Particulate Matter

ppm parts per million

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration

PSEG Public Service Electric and Gas Company

Pub.L. Public Law

RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology

RFP Reasonable Further Progress

RICE Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine

SIP State Implementation Plan

SIL Significant Impact Level

SJTPO South Jers ey Transportation Planning Organization

SMC Significant Monitoring Concentration

### vii SO 2 

### Sulfur Dioxide

TCM T ransportation C ontrol M easure
TDM Travel Demand Model

TIP Transportation Improvement Program

U.S.C. United States Code

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VMT vehicle miles traveled

### viii Figure ES.1

2007

- 2009 Annual PM 2.5 Design Values Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut

Nonattainment Area 

### EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This Request for Redesignation demonstrat es that both of the multi

- state nonattainment areas associated with New Jersey (the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Areas) are meeting the fine particle health standards

for PM 2.5 

### for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### standards

.



### The redesignation action is a major milestone in New Jersey’s clean air effort.

Attainment of the PM 2.5 

### National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) represents a significant health benefit to the citizens of New Jersey

.

Figures ES.1 through ES.4 summarize the 2009 monitoring data for both

nonattainment areas for the annual and daily standards. The 2010 and 2011 monitoring data continue to show compliance with the standards.

PM 2.5 

### has significant health effects with no clear

threshold b elow which adverse effects are not experienced by at least certain segments of the population

. Exposure to PM 2.5 

### can cause a variety of health problems, such as premature mortality, decreased lung function and difficulty breathing, asthma attacks

. O ther effects include reduced visibility, loss of biodiversity, damage to manmade structures, sensitive forests, and fa rm crops, and contributes to global warming and the

formation of acid rain

. Figure ES.2

2007

- 2009 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 Design Values

Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut

Nonattainment Area

### ix Figure ES.5 Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Design Value

Trends 1999

- 2011 Northern New Jersey

- New York

Connecticut Nonattainment Area Figure ES.6 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 Monitoring Desi gn
Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut

Nonattainment Area Figure ES.4

2007

- 2009 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 Design

Values Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia



### Air quality monitoring data show a trend over the past decade of improving PM 2.5 

### air quality , for both of New Jersey’s multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas, as shown in Figures ES. 5 through

ES. 8

. This reduction is due to significant decreases over the 10

- year period in all six of the primary PM 2.5 

### components: sulfate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, sulfur, and elemental

carbon.

Organic carbon and sulfates are the top two largest contributors on an individual basis to the

PM 2.5 

### mass. Si milar decreases are noted in the annual average data and in the top 10 percent highest PM 2.5 

### days , except for elemental carbon, which remains about the same

.

New Jersey attained the standards due to p ermanent and enforceable measures that the State and Federal Government adopted or implemented

. Figure ES.3

2007

- 2009 Annual PM 2.5 Design Values

Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia

Nonattainment Area

### x Figure ES.7

Annual PM 2.5 Monitoring Design Value

Trends 1999

- 2011 Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia

Nonattainment Area Figure ES.8 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 Monitoring Design

Value Trends 1999

- 2011 Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia

Nonattainment Area



### New Jersey’s northern and southern nonattainment areas are projected to continue to meet the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### PM 2.5 

### NAAQS through 2025 , as emissions are projected to

continue to decrease. Figures ES. 9 and ES. 10 show that emissions of PM 2.5 

### and its precursors,

NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### , are projected to decrease from 2007 to 2025. The year 2025 represents the end of the first maintenance period to demonstrate continued compliance with the standards

New Jersey will continue to track and evaluate PM 2.5 

### air concentrations and take appropriate steps to maintain the NAAQS. To verify that the New Jerse y portions of its shared multi

- state

PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas remain in attainment, New Jersey will continue to operate an appropriate air monitoring network. New Jersey will work with the other states in the shared

multi

- state nonattainment areas, as necessary. The maintenance plan includes a contingency plan that will be promptly implemented to assess and correct a vio lation of the NAAQS should one occur after redesignation

. Figure ES.9

PM 2.5 , NO

x and SO 2 Emissions Inventory Projections 2007 to 2025 New Jersey Portion of the Northern New Jersey

New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area Figure ES.10

PM 2.5 , NO

x and SO 2 Emissions Inventory Projections 2007 to 2025

New Jerse y Portion of the Southern New Jersey

Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

### xi This redesignation request also includes transportation conformity budgets for New Jersey for 2009 and 2025. The purpose of these 2025 budgets is to ensure that emissions from onroad

mobile source s will not grow above the planned values.

New Jersey requests that the USEPA redesignate the New Jersey portion s of both of its shared

multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3



### PM 2.5 

### NAAQS in accordance with the Clean Air Act.

### 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to request that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) redesignate the New Jersey portions of both of its shared multi

- state fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 

### ) nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily

35 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS, in accordance with the Federal Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. This State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision presents the r equest for r edesignation in accordance with the information required by the Clean Air Act

.

This redesignation request includes the following:

1) current air quality monitoring data that show the Northern New Jersey

- New York

Connecticut (NNJ

- NY

- CT) and the Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia (SNJ

- Phila.)

PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area s meet the PM 2.5 

### National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS);

2) historical air quality monitoring data that show a significant decreasing trend in PM 2.5 

### concentrations over time in both PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area s ;

3 ) the information necessary to support a request to the USEPA to redesignate the New Jersey portions of the NNJ

- NY

- CT and the SNJ

- Phila. PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas to

attainment for the annual an d daily PM 2.5 

### standards;

4) a Maintenance Plan that demonstrates a continuing downward trend in emissions of

PM 2.5 

### , oxides of nitrogen ( NO

x 

### ) and sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 

### ) emissions through 2025 , and provides a Contingency Plan that would be implemented should the air quality violate the

PM 2.5 

### NAAQS in the future ; and

5 ) transportation conformity budgets for use in assuring maintenance of the standard.

The USEPA issued guidance to assist the states in preparing a request to redesignate areas to

attainment

. 1

, 2 

### These guidance documents are included as Appendix I

.

1 USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment , from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Man agement Division, to Regional Air Directors.

2 USEPA memorandum dated March 2, 2012, entitled Implementation Guidance for the 2006 24

- Hour Fine Particle (PM 2.5

) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) , from Stephen D. Page, Director,

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, to Regional Air Directors.

### 2 N ew J ersey G oal to R each 12 μg/m 3 

### and the New NAAQS

New Jersey established a state specific goal of 12 μg/m3 for the a nnual PM 2.5 

### s tandard in 2005

, which is a 20 percent reduction from the Federal annual PM 2.5 

### NAAQS of 15 μg/m 3 

### established

in 1997. At the time, the goal was consistent with the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB)

annual PM 2.5 

### standard of 12 μg/m 3



### . 3

, 4 

### The USEPA promulgated a more stringent annual PM 2.5 

### NAAQS of 12 μg/m 3 

### on December 14, 2012. The State’s monitors are in compliance with New Jersey’s Goal and the new annual PM 2.5 

### NAAQS.

State Strategic Plan (SSP)

The State of New Jersey developed a draft final State Strategic Plan (SSP ) to coordinate and address opportunities for responsible economic growth and redevelopment in New Jersey

, while balancing environmental stewardship, improved job opportunities and social equity

. 5 

### All state agencies are expected to align their goals and actions to support the vision of the State Strategic Plan . The goals described in the plan include targeted economic growth, effective planning for vibrant regions (including Garden State Values), preservation and enhancement of critical state resources, and tactical alignment of government.

One of the Garden State Values included in the draft final State Strategic Plan is the protection of the environment, including improved air quality, to prov ide for healthy communities. This redesignation request helps achieve the goals of the draft final State Strategic Plan by recognizing the achievement of clean air and ensur ing statewide compliance with the health

standards for PM 2.5 

### in the future . In tu rn, the draft final State Strategic Plan supports the redesignation plan by expanding the responsibilities for protecting air quality to all levels of S tate government and creating a link between the S tate’s economic growth and redevelopment goals

with the protection of public health.

Energy Master Plan (EMP)

T he E nergy M aster P lan strategically balances the development of new sources of clean energy, including natural gas, with renewables. 6 

### The E nergy M aster P lan encompasses five overarching goals that work to drive down the cost of energy for all customers while promoting clean, environmentally safe renewable sources of energy. To advance the five overarching goals, the 2011 E nergy M aster P lan developed an action plan comprised of a series of concrete policy options and recommendations grouped by subject area in four sections: conventional generation and other infrastructure resources; renewable resources; energy efficiency, conservation, and demand response; and innovative technology opportunities. T hese actions will help improve air quality and maintain the NAAQS because cleaner energy sources result in

lower NO

x 

### emissions

, precursors to fine particulate matter, when compared to NO

x 

### emissions

from fossil fue l

- generating sources . Additionally, energy efficiency and renewable energy resources help avoid NO

x 

### emissions. NJDEP’s lower sulfur in heating oil rule is consistent with the Energy Master Plan clean energy goal. The E nergy M aster P lan is consistent with the State Strategic Plan which als o focuses on economic development and job growth.

3 CAEPA. Staff Report: Public Hearing to Consider Amendments to the Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter and Sulfates. Prepared by the Staff of the Air Resources Board and the Of fice of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (CAEPA), May 3,

2002.

4 Adopted in 2002, pursuant to the Children’s Environmental Health Protection Act (Senate Bill 25, Senator Martha Escutia; Stats. 1999, Ch. 731 , Sec. 3).

5 http://www.state.nj.us/state/planning/plan

- draft

- final.html

6 http://www.nj.gov/emp/

### 3 Environmental ly Overburdened Communities in New Jersey

While unhealthy air quality negatively impact s human health throughout the northeastern United States and New Jersey, these health risks are higher for populations living near roadways and in urban areas. Improving air pollution in these affected areas is one of the NJDEP’s greater challenges. New J ersey is committed to revitalizing overburdened areas by mitigating a legacy of environmental degradation, including air pollution, and the resulting adverse consequences to public health and the environment. The actions outlined in this redesignation req uest will help New Jersey meet this commitment by continuing efforts to reduce PM 2.5 

### emissions from the mobile and industrial sources impacting New Jersey’s overburdened areas.

To address disproportionate impacts of air toxic hazards across urban areas o n highly exposed population subgroups, the NJDEP is developing methods and strategies to assess air impacts from multiple sources at the community scale. These strategies build upon the pilot projects that were initiated in Camden and Paterson, two of New Jersey’s most urbanized areas, which assessed community scale air impacts. Achieving the NAAQS for fine particles is a minimum requirement for overburdened areas. Maintaining the health standards, with a focus on overburdened areas, is a commitment of t his redesignation request.

2.0 BACKGROUND

The C lean A ir A ct requires all areas of the nation to attain and maintain compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The NAAQS are designed to protect public

health and welfare f or specific a ir pollutants. On For PM 2.5 

### , there are two primary

, health

based NAAQS:

o an annual PM 2.5 

### health

- based standard of 15 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 

### ); and

o a daily PM 2.5 

### health

- based standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 

### ) (24

- hour average). 7

, 8



### Simultaneously, the USEPA established secondary (welfare

- based) PM 2.5 

### standards identical to the primary standards. The s econdary PM 2.5 

### standards provide public welfare protection, including protection against decreased visibility and damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.

On December 14, 2012, the USEPA promulgated a revision of the NAAQS for PM 2.5



### . The

USEPA lower ed the annual PM 2.5 

### standard from 15 μ g/m 3 

### to 12 μ g/m 3



### . T he State’s monitors

are in compliance with the new annual PM 2.5 

### NAAQS.

The USEPA set the PM 2.5 

### standards with 24

- hour and annual averaging times to protect against

effects from short

- and long

- term exposure identified by a number of published epidemiological

studies. Attainment of the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS represents a significant health benefit to the citi zens of New Jersey. Exposure to PM 2.5 

### can cause a variety of health problems, such as premature mortality, decreased lung function and difficulty breathing, asthma attacks, and other effects,

7 62 Fed. Reg. 38652

- 760 (July 18, 1997).

8 The USEPA also revised the PM 10 NAAQS by revising the 24

- hour form of the PM 10 standard to the 99 th

percentile ave raged over 3 years but retaining the 24

- hour PM 10 level (i.e., 150 mg/m 3 ) (62 Fed. Reg. 38652 (July 18, 1997)). In 2006, the USEPA revoked the annual PM 10 standard (71 Fed. Reg. 61144 (October 17, 2006)). New Jersey was not designated in nonattainment of the PM 10 NAAQS and

continues to meet the revised PM 10 standards.

### 4 such as reduced visibility, loss of biodiversity, and damage to manmade structures, sensitive forests, and farm crops, and contributes to global warming and the formation of acid rain

.

The New Jersey portion of the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area includes the following ten counties: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middle sex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset

and Union. Other States counties in this nonattainment area include Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk and Westchester Counties in New
York, and Fairfield and New Haven coun ties in Connecticut.

The New Jersey portion of the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area includes three counties: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester. Other s tates counties in this nonattainment area include Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania, and New Castle County in Delaware.

Figure 1 shows the multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas which include New Jersey

.

A summary of New Jersey ’s PM 2.5 

### S tatus, S IP s, NJDEP letters to USEPA

, USEPA approvals

and USEPA determinations of attainment is included as Appendix II.

Figure 1 New Jersey’s Multi

- State PM 2.5 

### Nonattainment Area s

BERKS PIKE ORANGE

SUFFOLK LUZERNE

KENT BUCKS

OCEAN CHESTER LANCASTER MONROE SUSSEX FAIRFIELD

BURLINGTON MORRIS

SCHUYLKILL

CECIL WAYNE

ATLANTIC NEW HAVEN

SALEM

KENT COLUMBIA

CARBON

HARFORD LEHIGH WARREN SULLIVAN

WYOMING

MONMOUTH LEBANON

CUMBERLAND HUNTERDON WESTCHESTER

NASSAU MIDDLESEX

BERGEN PUTNAM

MERCER PASSAIC

ESSEX LITCHFIELD

UNION

NEW CASTLE MONTGOMERY LACKAWANNA

SOMERSET

MIDDLESEX

CAMDEN

GLOUCESTER NORTHAM PTON

QUEEN ANNES CAPE MAY ROCKLAND

DELAWARE ULSTER

QUEENS

CAROLINE PHILADELPHIA HARTFORD

KINGS HUDSON BRONX

RICHMOND NEW YORK

In Attainment

NY_NJ_LI_CT_nonattainment_area

PA_NJ_DE_nonattainment_area Geographic Areas

DE NJ CT NY

PA

MD In Attainment

NNJ/NY/CT Nonattainment Area

SNJ/P hila. Nonattainment Area

### 5 3.0 AIR QUALITY

In order to determine compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for

PM 2.5 

### , the USEPA established criteria for the monitoring of ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 

### at

40 C.F.R. 58. New Jersey has established monitors that meet and exceed these criteria at 2 1

locations as shown in Figure 2 (Federal Reference Monitors (FRM))

.

Fig ure 2

PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Locations in New Jersey

To determine c ompliance with the NAAQS , d ata from the F ederal R eference M ethod (FRM) air quality monitors are used t o calculate design values (DV) 9 

### at each site. The data from the monitor with the highest design value in the area are used to determine compliance with the

NAAQS. Monitoring design values for PM 2.5 

### show a significant decreasing trend from 1999 to 2011 for both of New Jersey’s multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas , as shown in Figures 3

9 The regulatory definition of meeting the Federal NAAQS is that the average of three years of 12 consecutive quarters (or 3 years of data) is less than or equal to the standard (see Appendix N of 40 CFR Part 50, 4.2(a)). This is called the design value. The design value for the annual standard is the 3

- year average of annual PM 2.5 arithmetic means for a single monitoring site or a group of monitoring sites. The design value for the 24

- hour standard is the 3

- year average of the 98th percentile 24

- hour average values recorded at each monitoring site per year.

### 6 throug h 6

. A summary of the monitoring data design values for both of New Jersey’s multi

- state nonattainment areas, from 1999 to 2011, is included in Appendix II I

.

Figure 3

Annual PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 201 1 Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 4 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 201 1 Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

### 7 Figure 5

Annual PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 201 1

Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 6 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Monitoring Design Value Trends 1999

- 201 1 Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

### 8 For the 2007

- 2009 design value period, there were 20 monitors in New Jersey’s PM2.5 monitoring network. The monitor in the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area was started in September 2010. Fourteen of the monitors are included in Figures 3 through 6. Four of the monitors in New Jersey are located in attainment counties, which is why there were not included in these figures. Two of monitors

, in Newark and Camden were not included in these figures because they did not have three years of complete data . However, data from these monitors is

below the NAAQS and is included in Appendix III

.

PM 2.5 

### Components

New Jersey collects data on the components of PM 2.5 

### at monitoring sites across the s tate. This is also referred to as “speciation” monitoring. The New Jersey Speciation Network currently consists of four sites (Elizabeth, Newark, New Brunswick, and Chester shown in Figure 2) at which filters are collected and analyzed to determine their chemical characteristics. The

Camden speciation monitoring site is no t currently operational, but is included in the historical analysis discussed below and in Appendix III. The Newark monitor was not included in the historical analysis, because the site started operation in 20 10

. The speciation monitors are

dif ferent than those used to measure attainment ( Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors )

and us e a different sampling method.

PM 2.5 

### is composed of many different chemical components. An evaluation of the components of

PM 2.5 

### provides insight into the contributing pollution sources and the effect of existing control

measures.

Annual statewide average speciation data are shown in Figures 7 and 8 . T he six most prevalent compounds are sulfate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, sulfur, and elemental

carb on. The “other” compounds were calculated by averaging the sum of the measured concentrations from each monitor per year. 10



### Organic carbon

, sulfate and sulfur comprise approximately 65 % of the total PM 2.5 

### mass

. S tudies 11 

### have shown that the primary source s of organic and elemental carbon are gasoline and diesel vehicles and local sources such as wood burning (depending on the area and season), while the major contributors of sulfate are from primarily power plants and burning fuels that contain sulfur, suc h as heating oil

.

Annual

From 2002

- 2011 , the t otal PM 2.5 

### mass measured at the speciation monitors decreased by 31 % (

- 0.6 μ g/m 3 

### per year). The reduction is due to significant decreases over the 10

- year period in all six of the primary PM 2.5 

### components. Reductions of each of these components from 2002

- 2011 in the statewide annual averages are as follows: 12



### • Sulfate:

- 51% (

- 0.3 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

• Sulfur:

- 45% (

- 0.08 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

10 T he number of species measured decreased from 55 to 39 in 2010.

11 For details on other PM 2.5 speciation data studies, incl uding seasonal trends, for New Jersey and the region, refer to: NJDEP. State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM 2.5 Attainment

Demonstrati on, Final, Chapter 2, Appendices B11 and B12. New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection, March 26, 2009.

12 Refer to Appendix III for additional details.

### 9 • Organic carbon:

- 55% (

- 0.25 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

• Elemental carbon:

- 34% (

- 0.04 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

• Ammonium:

- 56% (

- 0.13 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

• Nitrate:

- 42% (

- 0.10 μ g/m 3 

### per year)

The main difference noted in a comparison of the four sites is that the concentrations of organic and elemental carbon are higher at Elizabeth compared to the other three sites . This is most likely due to its proximity to high traffic volume, and motor vehicles (gasoline and diesel)

, which

are the primary s ource for those species.

High Days

The highest and lowest ten percent (10%) of the days on which total PM 2.5 

### mass was measured were analyzed for each year

. 13 

### On the days with the highest total PM 2.5 

### mass, concentrations decreased by 44% (

- 1.9 μ g/m 3 

### per year). Reductions of each of these components from 2002

- 2011 on the highest (10%) days were as follows:

• Sulfate:

- 5 7 % (

- 0. 91 μg/m 3 

### per year)

• Sulfur:

- 50 % (

- 0.2 6 μg/m 3 

### per year)

• Organic Carbon :

- 58% (

- 0.4 5 μg/m 3 

### per year)

• Elemental Carbon: 3% (0 μg/m 3 

### per year)

• Ammonium:

- 58 % (

- 0. 36 μg/m 3 

### per year)

• Nitrate:

- 42% (

- 0.16 μg/m 3 

### per year)

On the days with the lowest total PM 2.5 

### mass, decreases in total mass and the major species

are also observed. However, there are more observed reductions of sulfate, sulfur, and organic carbon on high days compared to low days or on an annual basis. Additional data and graphs are included in Appendix III.

In summary, organic carbon, sulfates and sulfur make up the majority of the PM 2.5 

### mass. S ignificant decreases are noted in the annual average data and in the highest PM 2.5 

### day s in all of the six major species from 2002

- 2011

. O rganic carbon and sulfate consistently remain the top two largest contributors on an individual ba sis

.

13 See additional details in Appendix III.

### 10 Figure 7

New Jersey Statewide Averages: 2002

- 2011 Speciation Data (μg/m 3 

### )

Figure 8

New Jersey Statewide Averages, New Jersey: 200 2

- 2011 Speciation Data ( % )

*See Appendix III for data notes

.

### 11 4.0 REQUEST FOR REDESIGNATION OF AREA TO ATTAINMENT

T he State of New Jersey is requesting the USEPA Administrator redesignate the New Jersey portion of both of New Jersey’s PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area s to attainment of the annual 15 μg/m 3



### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### NAA QS for PM 2.5 

### . In support of this request

, the State is providing the following , a s required by the Clean Air Act

. 14

, 15



### 1) a demonstration that both of the PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area s associated with New Jersey

ha ve attained the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS for PM 2.5 

### ;

2) a demonstration that the applicable implementation plan s are fully approved by the USEPA under section 110(k) of the Clean Air Act , or the requirements have been waived

in accordance with a clean data determination or are anticipated to be waived with a

cl ean data determination 16 

### ;

3) information showing that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and

enforceable reductions in emissions of PM 2.5 

### or its precursors ;

4 ) information demonstrating that the State has met all applicable requirements under

section 110 and Part D of the Clean Air Act ;

5 ) a Maintenance Plan that demonstrates the NAAQS will be maintained for 10 years beyond the date of redesignation; and

6) transportation conformity budgets for use in assuring maintenance of the standard

.

4.1 Demonstration of Attainment of the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS

The air quality in both of the multi

- state nonattainment area s associated with New Jersey attained the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 35 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS for PM 2.5

. 

### Some monitors have incomplete data, which has been addressed by data substitution and/ or statistical analyses. In
addition, as shown in Section 3.0, monitoring design values show a significant decreasing trend

from 1999

- 2011 for both of New Jersey’s multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas.

Annual 15 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS

T he USEPA has issued a final clean data determination for the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area
on November 15, 2010 which determined that the entire nonattainment area had attained the

a nnual 15 μg/m 3 

### PM 2 .5 

### NAAQS for the 2007

- 2009 monitoring period. 17

, 18 

### The USEPA finalized a

determination that the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area is in attainment of the annual standard for

14 42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)( E ).

15 42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)(D).

16 USEPA memorandum, dated December 14, 2004, entitled Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle National Ambient Air Quality Standards , from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning

and Standards.

17 75 FR 69589 (November 15, 2010).

18 The incomplete data are addressed in the USEPA’s action using a statistical bootstrapping analysis; 75

FR 45079

- 80 (August 2, 2010).

### 12 2007

- 2009 monitoring period

. 19

, 20



### Daily 35 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS

New Jersey submitted a request to the USEPA on October 5, 2011 requesting that the USEPA

determine that both of New Jersey’s multi

- state nonattainment areas had attained the daily 35 μg/m 3 

### PM 2.5 

### standard. The USEPA proposed clean data determination s for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and S outhern N ew J ersey

- Phila delphia nonattainment area s on August 30, 2012 21 

### and October 2, 2012

, 22 

### respectively.

Figures 9

- 12 summarize the 2009 design value monitoring data for both nonattainment areas for the annual and daily standards

. Se e Section 3.0 for details on how design values are

calculated. Detailed monitoring data tables for the 2009, 2010 and 2011 monitoring data design

values are included in Appendix III. The 2010 and 2011 monitoring data continue to show compliance with the standards, as well as continuing to show a decreasing trend.

19 77 FR 28782 ( May 16 , 2012).

20 T he incomplete data are addressed in the USEPA’s action using data substitution a nd a statistical bootstrapping analysis; 77 FR 3 223 (January 23, 2012).

21 77 FR 52626 ( August 30, 2012 )

22 77 FR 60089 ( October 2, 2012 )

### 13 Figure 9

2007

- 20 09 Annual PM 2.5 

### Design Values Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 10

2007

- 20 09 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Design Values Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

### 14 Figure 11

2007

- 20 09 Annual PM 2.5 

### Design Values Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 12

2007

- 20 09 Daily (24

- Hour) PM 2.5 

### Design Values Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

### 15 4.2 Clean Air Act Section 110 (k) SIP Requirements

A clean data determination suspend s the requirement for states to submit certain State Implementation Plan (SIP) elements, including an attainment demonstration and contingency measure plan. 23 

### New Jersey submitted a SIP to the USEPA for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### P M 2.5 

### NAAQS standard, but the USEPA has not acted upon it . New Jersey is relying on a clean data determination to suspend the SIP requirements for the daily standard

.

Annual 15 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS

As discussed in Section 4.1 , t he USEPA issued a final clean data determination for the N orthern New Jersey

- N ew Y ork

- Connecticut nonattainment area on November 15, 2010 determin ing the

entire nonattainment area had attained the a nnual 15 μg/m 3 

### PM 2 .5 

### NAAQS f or the 2007

- 2009 monitoring period. 24 

### The USEPA finalized a determination that the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment

area is in attainment of the annual standard for 2007

- 2009 monitoring period. 25



### Daily 35 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS

New Jersey submitted a request to the USEPA on October 5, 2011 requesting that the USEPA

determine that both of New Jersey’s multi

- state nonattainment areas had attained the daily 35 μg/m 3 

### PM 2.5 

### standard. The USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia nonattainment area s on August 30, 2012 26 

### and October 2, 2012, 27 

### respectively.

SIP

On March 26 , 2009, New Jersey submitted to the USEPA a demonstration of attainment of the

annual 15 μg/m 3 

### PM 2.5 

### NAAQS for New Jersey’s two shared multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment

areas. 28 

### New Jersey provided technical supplements to the attainment plan on December 17, 2009 and June 29, 2010 that provided additional information regarding th e emission inventories,

control m easures, and contingency measures in the State’s attainment plan. The USEPA has not taken action on approval of this SIP as of December 1, 2012

.

4. 3 Permanent and Enforceable Improvement in Air Quality

The improvement in air quality in New Jersey’s multi

- state nonattainment areas is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions of PM 2.5 

### and its precursors , NO

x 

### and SO 2, 

### from State and Federal air pollution control measures. The control measures shown in Table s
1 a and 1b summarize New Jerse y and Federal measures which provided emission reductions

for PM 2.5 

### , NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### from 2002 to 2009, the year modeled for the attainment demonstration and the year New Jersey came into compliance with the standards. The tables also summarize

the maintenanc e plan measures from the 2007 base year to the 2025 projection year , discussed

in more detail in Section 4.5.

23 USEPA memorandum, dated December 14, 2004, entitled Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle

National Ambient Air Quality Standards , from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning

and Standards.

24 75 FR 69589 (November 15, 2010).

25 77 FR 28782 ( May 16 , 2012).

26 77 FR 52626 ( August 30, 2012 )

27 77 FR 60089 ( October 2, 2012 )

### 16 These summaries show there are a dditional existing adopted control measures that have not yet been fully implemented and will result in additiona l emission reductions in the future.

The table also summarizes measures that support the SIP and will contribute to additional emission reductions, but were not included in the SIP demonstration because they were not quantified or they are VOC measures. T he USEPA does not consider VOC as a PM 2.5 

### precursor for SIP and conformity purposes, it is anticipated that these measures provide benefit

towards the reduction of PM 2.5



### .

The pre

- 2009 measures that have contributed towards the observed emission reductions

include the State’s NO

x 

### Budget program (nitrates)

, P ower plant consent decrees (large sulfate reductions) , the Federal motor vehicle control pr ogram (organic carbon and nitrates) , emission

limits on boilers (nitrates) , New Jersey’s motor vehicle in spectio n and m aintenance program for gasoline (organic carbon and nitrates ) and diesel vehicles (PM 2.5 

### ) and New Jersey’s area source VOC rules for consumer products, paints and adhesive application (organic carbon)

.

Table 1a New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective

Start Date of

Benefits Pollutant (2) New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval

New Jersey Measures 2002

- 2009

Vehicle IM Program 1974 VOC, NOx,

CO NJAC 7:27

- 15

NO

x Budget 1999, 2003 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 30 10/1/07

EGU

- BL England ACO 2000

- 2009 PM2.5, SO2,

NOx NA NA

EGU

- PSEG

- Consent Decree 2002

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2,

NOx NA Filed 7/26/02;

amended

11/30/06

Refinery Consent Decree (Sunoco) 2005

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA Filed 12/2/03; amended 3/15/04;

terminated 3/5/12

Refinery Consent Decrees (Valero) 2006

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA Filed 6/16/05

Refinery Consent Decrees (ConocoPhillips) 2006

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA Filed 1/27/05

ICI Boilers, Turbines and Engines 2005 2007

- 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 27.19 7/31/07

Case by Case NOx and VOC (FSELs/AELs) 2009 NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16, 19 8/3/10

Sewage and Sludge incinerators 2009 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.28 8/3/10

New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program 2009 (1) PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, VOC, NJAC 7:27

- 29 2/13/08

Municipal Waste Combustors (Incinerators) 2009, 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/10

Asphalt Production Plants 2009, 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.9 8/3/10

ICI Boilers 2009 2009

- 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/10

EGU

- High Electric Demand Day (HEDD) 2009, 2015 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.29 8/3/10

### 17 Table 1a New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective

Start Date of

Benefits Pollutant (2) New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval

New Jersey SIP Maintenance Plan Measures 2007

- 2025

Vehicle IM Program 1974 VOC, NOx,

CO NJAC 7:27

- 15

EGU

- PSEG

- Consent Decree 2002

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2,

NOx NA NA

Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, Valero, and ConocoPhillips) 2005

- 2010 PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, VOC NA See above

ICI Boilers, Turbines and Engines 2005 2007

- 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 27.19 7/31/07

Case by Case NOx and VOC (FSELs/AELs) 2009 NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16, 19 8/3/10

Sewage and Sludge Incinerators 2009 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.28 8/3/10

New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program 2009 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC, NJAC 7:27

- 29 2/13/08

Municipal Waste Combustors (Incinerators) 2009, 2010 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/10

Asphalt Production Plants 2009, 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.9 8/3/10

ICI Boilers 2009 2009

- 2011 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/10

EGU

- High Electric Demand Day (HEDD) 2009, 2015 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.29 8/3/10

Vehicle IM Program Revisions 2009 2010 VOC, NOx,

CO NJAC 7:27

- 15 9/16/11

Diesel Smoke IM Cutpoint Rule

Amendments 2010, 2011 PM2.5, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 14 Pending

Vehicle Idling Rule Amendments 2011 PM2.5, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 14.1,

14.3 4/14/09

Glass Manufacturing 2012 NOx NJAC 7:27

- 19.10 8/3/10

EGU

- Coal

- fired Boilers, Oil and Gas

Fired Boilers 2013 PM2.5, SO2,

NOx NJAC 7:27

- 4.2,
10.2, 19.4 8/3/10

Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel Strategies 2014, 2016 SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 9 1/3/12

New Jersey Measures That Support The SIP

Stage I and II 2003 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16 7/2/04

Architectural Coatings 2005 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 23 11/30/05

Consumer Products 2005 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 24 1/25/06

Mobile Equipment Refinishing (Autobody) 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16 7/2/04

Solvent Cleaning 2005 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16 7/2/04

Portable Fuel Containers 2005 2005

- 2015 (1) VOC NJAC 7:27

- 24 1/25/06

Mercury Rule 2006

- 2012 Hg, PM2.5, SO2, NOx NJAC 7:27

- 27 NA

Diesel Vehicle Retrofit Program 2008

- 2015 PM2.5 NJAC 7:27

- 32, 14 NA

Consumer Products 2009 2009 (1) VOC NJAC 7:27

- 24 7/22/10

Adhesives & Sealants 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 26 7/22/10

### 18 Table 1a New Jersey’s Post 2002 Control Measures that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective

Start Date of

Benefits Pollutant (2) New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval

Asphalt Paving (cutback and emulsified) 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16.19 8/3/10

CTG Group 1: Printing 2009 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16.7 8/3/10

Portable Fuel Containers 2009 2009

- 2019 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 24 7/22/10

Petroleum Storage 2010

- 2019 VOC NJAC 7:27

- 16.2 8/3/10

EGU

- BL England ACO 2013 PM2.5, SO2,

NOx NA NA

New Jersey Clean Construction Program 2014 PM2.5 NA NA

Refinery Consent Decree (Hess) 2015 PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA NA

Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) Ongoing PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, VOC NJAC 7:27

- 8 NA

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) Ongoing PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC NA NA

Energy Master Plan Ongoing Various NA NA



### Table 1b

Federal Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective Start

Date of Benefits Pollutant (2)

Federal Measures 2002

- 2009

Residential Woodstove NSPS 1988 (1) PM, NOx, CO, VOC

Motor Vehicle Control Program (Tier 1 and Tier 2) 1994, 2004 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx,
CO, VOC

Acid Rain Program 1995

- 2000 SO2, NOx

Nonroad Diesel Engine Standards 1996

- 2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO,

VOC

Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark

- Ignition Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden) 1997

- 2010 (1) NOx, VOC, CO

Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark

- Ignition Handheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden) 1997

- 2012 (1) NOx, VOC, CO

Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) Defeat Device Settlement 1998 (1) NOx

Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines 1998

- 2010 (1) VOC, NOx, PM2.5

National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) 1999 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Large Industrial Spark

- Ignition Engines over 19 kW (>50 hp)

Tier 1 and Tier 2 2004

- 2007 (1) NOx, CO

Heavy

- Duty Highway Rule

- Vehicle Standards and Diesel

Fuel Sulfur Control 2004, 2010 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW Category 1 Tier 2, Category 2 Tier 2, Category 3 Tier 1 2004

- 2016 (1) NOx, VOC

Recreational Vehicles (includes snowmobiles, off

- highway motorcycles, and all

- terrain vehicles) 2006

- 2012 (1) NOx, CO, VOC

Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder Tier 2 and Tier 3 2006

- 2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

### 19 Table 1b

Federal Post 2002 Control Measures

that Reduce Emissions of PM2.5 and its Precursors in New Jersey

Measure Effective Start

Date of Benefits Pollutant (2)

USEPA MACT Standards including Industrial Boiler/Process

Heater MACT 2009 VOC

Federal SIP Maintenance Plan Measures 2007

- 2025

Residential Woodstove NSPS 1988 (1) PM, NOx, CO, VOC

Motor Vehicle Control Program (Tier 1 and Tier 2) 1994, 2004 (1) PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, VOC

Nonroad Diesel Engine Standards 1996

- 2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO,

VOC

Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark

- Ignition Nonhandheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden) 1997

- 2010 (1) NOx, VOC, CO

Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark

- Ignition Handheld Engines at or below 19 kW (lawn and garden) 1997

- 2012 (1) NOx, VOC, CO

Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) Defeat Device Settlement 1998 (1) NOx

Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines 1998

- 2010 (1) VOC, NOx, PM2.5

National Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) 1999 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Large Industrial Spark

- Ignition Engines over 19 kW (>50 hp)

Tier 1 and Tier 2 2004

- 2007 (1) NOx, CO

Heavy

- Duty Highway Rule

- Vehicle Standards and Diesel

Fuel Sulfur Control 2004, 2010 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW Category 1 Tier 2, Category 2 Tier 2, Category 3 Tier 1 2004

- 2016 (1) NOx, VOC

Recreational Vehicles (includes snowmobiles, off

- highway motorcycles, and all

- terrain vehicles) 2006

- 2012 (1) NOx, CO, VOC

Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder Tier 2 and Tier 3 2006

- 2014 (1) PM2.5, NOx, CO, VOC

USEPA MACT Standards including Industrial Boiler/Process

Heater MACT 2009 VOC

RICE MACT 2014 PM2.5, NOx

Federal Measures That Support The SIP

Energy Conservation Standards for New Fed Comm and Multi

Family High

- Rise Res Buildings and New Low

- Rise Res Buildings 2012 SO2, NOx

Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS)

Coal

- and oil

- fired EGUs 2016 PM2.5, SO2, NOx

Legend/Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

EGU

- Electric Generating Unit

ICI = Industrial, Commercial and Institutional Boilers

IM = Inspection and Maintenance

RICE = Recip ro cating Internal Combustion Engines

MACT = Maximum Achievable Control Technology

CTG = Control Technology Guideline

1. Turnover rule which means measure has cumulative benefits each year until complete fleet or equipment turnover

2. Although the USEPA does not consider VOC as a PM2.5 precursor for SIP and conformity purposes,

NJ anticipates PM2.5 benefit from the implementation of these measures.

### 20 A detailed description of the post 2002 control measures shown in Table s 1 a can be found in
the March 26, 2009 SIP , Section 4.0

. 29



### A more detailed summary of the control measures including estimated emission reductions is included in this SIP in Appendix X I Att achment 3.

The air quality data obtained from monitoring verif y the continued improvement in air quality that

was projected in the March 26, 2009 PM 2.5 

### Attainment Demonstration SIP for the nonattainment areas. These reductions are a result of the implementation of the SIP, S tate and F ederal air pollution control regulations, and other permanent and enforceable reductions.

4. 4 Clean Air Act Part A Section 110 and Part D Requirements

4. 4 .1 Infrastructure Requirements

Section 110(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act contains general requirements for nonattainment plans

and lists the required elements that a state needs to demonstrate its authority to develop, implement, and enforce an air quality management program that provides for attainment and

maintenance of the NAAQS . These elements include, but are not limited to, air quality monitoring, data analysis, and reporting; enforcement; re sources; consultation; emergency procedures; and reductions in transported air pollution.

New Jersey has the infrastructure in place that gives it the authority to implement the NAAQS in

accordance with 1 10(a)(2) of the Clean Air Act. Demonstrations of New Jersey’s authorities for

the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS have been summarized in submittals to the USEPA on December 22, 2006 30



### , February 2 , 2007 31 

### , March 9, 2007 32



### , February 25

, 200 8 33 

### and January 15, 2010

. 34



### 4. 4 .2 Transport

Section 110(a)(2)(D) requires each state’s SIP to contain adequate provisions prohibiting any source, or other type of emissions activity, within the s tate from emitting any air pollutants in

amounts that will:

1) Contribute significantly to nonattainment of the NAAQS for areas in another st ate or interfere with the maintenance of the NAAQS by another state;

29 NJDEP. State Implementat ion Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM 2.5 Attainment Demonstration, Final. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, March 26 , 2009.

30 NJDEP. Letter to address the State's plan for addressing the transported emission requirements prescribed in Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) of the Clean Air Act sent to the USEPA Region 2 by NJDEP Commissioner Lisa P. Jackson on December 22, 2006.

31 NJDE P. SIP Revision pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 30 CAIR NO

x Trading Program, and N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 31.23, and N.J.A.C. 7:27A

- 3.10. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. February 2, 2007.

32 Update to the SIP Revision pursuant to N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 30 CAIR NO

x Tra ding Program, and N.J.A.C.

7:27

- 31.23, and N.J.A.C. 7:27A

- 3.10. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. March 9,

2007.

33 NJDEP. State Implementation Plan for Meeting the Infrastructure Requirements in the Clean Air Act, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, February 25, 2008.

34 NJDEP. Certification For Meeting the Infrastructure Requirements in the Clean Air Act for 35 μg/m 3 24

- Hour (2006) Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standard, New Jersey Department of

Env ironmental Protection, January 15, 2010.

### 21 2) Interfere with measures required to be included in the implementation plan for any other state related to Regional Haze and Visibility; or, 3) Interfere with measures required to be include d in the implementation plan for any other state related to prevention of signification deterioration (PSD).

The USEPA analysis performed to support the Cross State Air Pollution Rule 35 

### (CSAPR)

indicates that the multi

- state nonattainment areas that include portions of New Jersey are projected in 2014 to continue to be in attainment for both the daily and annual PM 2.5 

### NAAQS.

B ased on current monitoring data, all receptors downwind a nd upwind of New Jersey are meeting the annual and daily PM 2.5 

### NAAQS

.

New Jersey has implemented a number of measures to address its contribution to downwind areas. As discussed in Section 4.3, Table 1 a lists New Jersey’s recently adopted control

measu res that reduce PM 2.5 

### , SO 2 

### , NO

x 

### , and VOC emissions. These measures have contributed

to the reduction in PM 2.5 

### emissions and its precursors over the last decade, and will continue to provide further reductions in the future, as discussed in the Maintenance plan, Section 4.5. As demonstrated in Section 3.0, air quality monitoring data show a trend of improving PM 2.5 

### air quality over the past decade that are due to permanent and enforceable measures.

New Jersey has taken action to address emissions from p ower plants, setting multipollutant performance standards for electric generating units (EGUs)

. New Jersey’s low sulfur fuel oil

rule will further reduce SO 2 

### emissions by reducing the sulfur content of fuel oils used throughout

the s tate, including fuel oil

- fired EGUs, home heating, and industrial and commercial boilers. The low sulfur fuel rule was adopted in August of 2010

, with effective dates for lower sulfur limits in 2014 and 2016. The control measures implemented in New Jersey address its contrib utions

to the downwind states and ensure that its sources’ emissions do not interfere with the

attainment or maintenance of the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS or measures that prevent significant deterioration and protect visibility in another state.

In summary, New Jersey has met its obligation to address transported pollution through the implementation of these New Jersey state specific rules, including New Jersey’s power plant performance standards, alo ng with existing Federal rules to reduce PM 2.5 

### pollution. In implemen ting these control measures, New Jersey does not rely on the trading program in the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). 36



### 4. 4.3 Clean Air Act Part D Requirements

Part D of the Clean Air Act consists of general requirements applicable to all areas that are

d esignated nonattainment based on a violation of the NAAQS. The Part D requirements are presented and discussed below:

35 76 FR 48208 (August 8, 2011)

36 In order to assist States in addressing their obligations regarding regionally transported pollution, the

USEPA finalized the CAIR in 2005 to reduce SO 2 and NO

x emissions from large electric generating units (EGUs). In 2008, the D.C. Circuit remanded CAIR back to the USEPA without vacatur. In response to the court’s decision, USEPA issued a new rule to address interstate transport of NO

x and SO 2 in the

eastern United States (i.e., the Transport Rule, also known as the Cross

- State Air Pollution Rule, or CSAPR). In the Transport Rule, USEPA finalized regulatory changes to sunset CAIR and the CAIR Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs) for control periods in 2012 and beyond. CSAPR is currently stayed pending the D.C. Circuit’s review and CAIR is currently in effect.

### 22 4. 4.3.1 Section 172(c)(1), Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) and Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)

The USEPA’s PM 2.5 

### Implementation Rule 37 

### established a combined approach for RACT and RACM analyses where the RACT analysis is part of the overall RACM analysis . RACM and

RACT are defined as those measures that a state finds are both reasonably available and

contribu te to attainment as expeditiously as practical in the specific nonattainment area. The

final determinant is that the measures, either alone or in combination, can advance the attainment date by one year in order to require implementation. This combined R ACM/RACT approach would apply that criterion to RACT measures. As discussed in the March 26, 2009 Attainment Demonstration SIP, the State decided to complete its PM 2.5 

### RACT analysis separate and apart from its RACM analysis, and without consideration of a dvancing the attainment date.

The State’s RACM and RACT demonstrations were presented in the March 26 , 2009 Attainment

Demonstration SIP for the 15 μ g/m 3 

### annual standard. The State’s RACM and RACT control

measures have all been adopted and approved by the USEPA, as shown in Table 1a. The

USEPA has not yet taken action on approval of the attainment demonstration SIP as of
December 1, 2012 , however, as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA issued clean data determinations for both of New Jersey’s multi

- sta te non

- attainment areas for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### standard, which suspends the RACM and RACT demonstration requirement s for that

standard. In addition, although not necessary for redesignation, the State anticipates approval of New Jersey’s SIP prior to the redesignation.

Also as discussed in Section 4. 2 , the USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia

nonattainment area s on August 30, 2012 38 

### and October 2, 2012, 39 

### respectively

, for the daily 35 μg/m 3 

### standard , which will suspend the RACM and RACT demonstration requirement s for that

standard

. But as discussed above, The State’ s RACM and RACT control measures have all been adopted and approved by the USEPA.

4. 4.3.2 Section 172(c)(2), Reasonable Further Progress

In accordance with the PM 2.5 

### Implementation Rule 40 

### , a separate reasonable further progress ( RFP ) plan is not required. New Jersey submitted an attainment demonstration for the 15 μg/m 3



### annual standard that shows attainment by the 2010 deadline. The PM 2.5 

### Implementation Rule only requires s tate s submit a separate RFP plan if the state needs an extension of the attainment date beyond 2010. Areas that demonstrate attainment of the standard by 2010 are

conside red to have satisfied the requirement to show reasonable further progress toward attainment and need not submit a separate RFP plan.

The USEPA has not yet taken action on approval of the attainment demonstration SIP as of
December 1, 2012 , however, as di scussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA issued clean data

determinations for both of the multi

- state non

- attainment areas associated with New Jersey for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### standard, which suspends the attainment demonstration/RFP requirement

for that standard.

37 72 Fed

. Reg . 20612; April 25, 2007

38 77 FR 52626 ( August 30, 2012 )

39 77 FR 60089 ( October 2, 2012 )

40 40 CFR 51

### 23 Also as discussed in Section 4.2, the USEPA proposed clean data determinations for the Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut and Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia

nonattainment area s on August 30, 2012 41 

### and October 2, 2012, 42 

### respectively , which will suspend the attainment/RFP requirement for that standard.

4. 4.3.3 Section 172(c)(3), Inventory

The Act requires New Jersey to develop a “comprehensive, accurate, and current inventory of

actual emissions from all sources.” 43 

### The requirement for such an i nventory is satisfied by the 2007 attainment emission inventory presented in Section 4. 5.2 of this redesignation request

.

4. 4.3.4 Section 172(c)(4), New Source Review

The Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) permitting requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA) Part D Section 173 are applicable to a major source located in an area designated as nonattainment for any criteria pollutant when it is constructed or when it undergoes a major

modification.

To implement the NAAQS for PM 2.5 

### , the USEPA took three separate actions to establish a framework for implementing preconstr uction permit review for the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS : (1) On May 16, 2008, the USEPA promulgated New Source Review (NSR) provisions; (2) On October 20, 2010, the USEPA promulgated a rule on increments, significant impact levels (SIL) and significant monitoring concentrations (SMC) ; and (3) On December 21, 2010, th e USEPA promulgated

rules on PM 2.5 

### stack test methods for stationary sources of air pollution.

In New Jersey ’ s eight attainment counties, the final rules are implemented through prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) rules (40 CFR 52.21) . In New Jersey ’ s 13 nonattainment counties, the final rules are implemented through the ‘ transitional ’ NSR provisions contained in Appendix S of 40 CFR Part 51 and the USEPA policy memorandum dated July 21, 2011, concerning inter

- pollutant offsets . The Federal provisions and policy memorandum will be superseded once New Jersey revise s i ts Emission Offset Rule N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 18.

U pon USEPA approval of New Jersey ’s request for redesignation to attainment, the PSD program requirements of the CAA Part C would be applicable and New Jersey would implement

the PSD rules throughout the entire state

.

4. 4.3.5 Section 176(c) (1) , Conformity Requirements

Section 176(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires that “No department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government shall engage in, support in any way or provide financial assistance for, license or permit, or approve, any activity whi ch does not conform to an implementation plan...” 44 

### Further, to ensure that F ederal agencies do not cause or contribute to a new violation of the NAAQS, do not increase the frequency or severity of any existing violations of the NAAQS, and to ensure that at tainment of the NAAQS is not delayed.

Under the General Conformity Rule

, 45 

### F ederal agencies must work with state government in a

41 77 FR 52626 ( August 30, 2012 )

42 77 FR 60089 ( October 2, 2012 )

43 42 U.S.C. 7512a(a)(1).

44 42 U.S.C. 750 6

45 Ibid.

### 24 nonattainment or maintenance area to ensure that Federal actions conform to the applicable State Implementation Plan (SIP). E ach F ederal agency must perform an applicability analysis to determine if emissions will be below de minimus levels for the criteria pollutants for which the

s tate has a maintenance plan or is in nonattainment. If the total emissions for the project/actio n are above the threshold then the agency must develop a conformity determination to indicate how the project will conform to the SIP. This may include a mitigation plan, an emissions budget, New Jersey is relying on Federal agencies and the USEPA to make adequate j udgments to ensure all projects and action s meet N ew J ersey ’s SIPs and maintenance plans.

The New York/New Jersey Harbor Deepening Project is an example of successful implementation of General Conformity regulations by the Army Corp of Enginee rs and a number of New York government agencies , the USEPA and New Jersey to address and comply with the

increased emissions associated with the 13

- year dredging project to deepen shipping channels in the Port of New York/New Jersey to a depth of approximately 5 0

- feet below mean sea level.

4.5 M aintenance P lan

The maintenance plan must provide a demonstration the area will continue to maintain the NAAQS for at least ten years after the redesignation and contain such additional measures as may be necessary to ensure such maintenance. 46



### T his maintenance plan includes the following elements:

1) Emission I nventories: an attainment inventory that establishes emission levels that

are necessary for attain ment with the NAAQS ; a maintenance projection inventory that estimates emissions at least ten years following redesignation; an interim projection inventory that estimates emissions between the attainment inventory and the maintenance inventory ;

2) M aintenance D emonstration : a demonstration that shows future PM 2.5 

### emissions are not expected to exceed the level of the attainment inventory for at least ten years

follo wing redesignation , including an evaluation of an interim inventory that shows emissions are not anticipated to spike above the NAAQS during the ten year maintenance period;

3) Control Measures: The permanent and enforceable control measures that provide emission reductions during the maintenance period;

4 ) Monitoring Network: a description of how New Jersey will verify continued

attainment with the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS in New Jersey and track the progress of the maintenance plan ; and

,

5 ) C ontingency P lan : a plan that will be promptly implemented to correct a violation of the NAAQS should one occur after redesignation

.

4. 5. 1 Emission Inventories

The attainment inventory identif ies the level of emissions in the area which is sufficient to attain

the NAAQS

. The attainment inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2007. The 2007

46 42 U.S.C. 7505a(a).

### 25 inventory was developed regionally for SIP purposes

. The maintenance inventory represents a future projected inventory at least 10 years after USEPA redesignates an area. T he maintenance inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2025. The interim inventory is an emission inventory selected between the attainment inventory and the maintenance inventory to demonstrate that emissions are not anticipated to spike above the NAAQS during the maintenance period. The interim inventory chosen for this redesignation request is 2017. 47



### The inventor ies are a compilation of annual emissions from PM 2.5 

### and it s precursors, NO

x 

### , and

SO 2 

### for each county in the New Jersey portion s of both multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area s

. The annual inventory is chosen to represent emissions for the annual 15 μg/m 3 

### standard and the daily 35 μg/m 3



### . F or nonattainment areas with exceedances of the daily standard in multiple
seasons, an annual in ventory is an adequate representation of inventory trends in daily

emissions. 48 

### This is supported by a summary of monitoring data trends that shows exceedances occur any time during the year at monitors in the nonattainment areas, included in Appendix IV.

A summary of the 2007 , 2017 and 2025 emissions inventories is shown in Table s 2 t hrough 7

. A detailed discussion of the development of th e 2007 inventory (except for onroad) is included

as Appendix V and the 2025 inventory (except for onroad) as Appendix VI. A detailed discussion of the development of th e onroad inventories is included as Appendix VII. A detailed discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII. Figures 13

- 18 show PM 2.5 

### , NO

x 

### , and SO 2 

### inventory trends by sector for 2007, 2017 and 2025.

It is anticipated the USEPA will determine that the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area attained the daily 35 μ g/m 3 

### NAAQS during the 2008 to 2010 monitoring period. The S tate believes that the 2007 inventory is an appropriate and representative inventory to use as a surrogate attainment inventory for the 2008 inventory for the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area for the daily standard for

several reasons discussed as follows:

• The 2007 inventory is the most comprehensive inventory develo ped by states in the region for SIP purposes ;

• T he monitors in the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area showed compliance with the 35

μ g/m 3 

### daily standard during the 2007

- 2009 monitoring period. However, s ampling errors resulted in incomplete data for 2007 in the SNJ

- Phila , which was not able to be addressed through data substitution and statistical analysis. Incomplete data also

existed for the 2008

- 2010 monitoring period, but was able to be addressed through data substitution and statistical analysis;

• T he monit ors in the New Jersey portion of the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area showed compliance with the 35 μ g/m 3 

### daily standard during the 2007

- 2009 monitoring period.

• The 2007 and 2008 emission inventories are comparable, as demonstrated by a comparison of NJDEP/ MARAMA’s 2007 inventory with USEPA’s 2008 N ational Emissions Inventory (N EI ) included in Appendix IX ;

• The 2008 USEPA NEI has also been included in this SIP for New Jersey’s multi

- state

SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area in Appendix IX; A comparison of the 2008 and 2025 inventories , as demonstrated in Appendix IX, shows

that emissions will continue to decrease between 2008 and 2025 for PM 2.5 

### and its

47 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the

Northeast/Mid

- Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared b y MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012.

48 USEPA memorandum dated March 2, 2012, entitled Implementation Guidance for the 2006 24

- Hour Fine Particle (PM 2.5

) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) , from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, to Regional Air Directors.

### 26 precursors, NO

x 

### , and SO 2 

### in the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area

.

### 27 Table 2 PM2.5, 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area 49

49 USEPA transport fractions for PM 2.5 have been applied to area and nonEGU point sources to reduce fugitive dust emissions. S ee Appendix V for

details. 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Bergen 188 256 229 597 595 622 706 348 237 383 284 236 1,875 1,483 1,324 -392 -550 -21% -29%

Essex 230 293 272 531 531 544 389 191 117 256 192 170 1,406 1,207 1,102 -199 -304 -14% -22%

Hudson 2,142 284 293 415 425 436 229 108 69 279 154 110 3,065 971 908 -2,094 -2,158 -68% -70%

Mercer 1,079 974 1,047 293 296 297 339 180 90 161 108 80 1,872 1,558 1,514 -314 -358 -17% -19%

Middlesex 458 510 512 902 901 911 597 308 186 327 229 179 2,284 1,948 1,788 -336 -496 -15% -22%

Monmouth 33 33 34 846 846 890 272 164 128 325 204 167 1,476 1,247 1,219 -228 -257 -15% -17%

Morris 32 33 35 742 713 700 333 175 118 219 168 143 1,327 1,089 996 -238 -330 -18% -25%

Passaic 6 6 6 331 338 349 207 112 84 134 93 72 678 549 510 -129 -168 -19% -25%

Somerset 72 76 80 478 483 486 218 111 75 166 129 112 934 798 753 -136 -181 -15% -19%

Union 697 664 735 364 368 382 386 178 113 247 164 141 1,694 1,376 1,371 -318 -323 -19% -19%

Totals 4,937 3,131 3,243 5,499 5,496 5,616 3,677 1,874 1,218 2,497 1,725 1,410 16,610 12,227 11,487 -4,384 -5,124 -26% -31% PM 2.5 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

### 28 Table 3

NO

x 

### 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Bergen 851 1,070 969 2,515 2,498 2,519 16,459 7,576 3,624 5,611 3,239 2,538 25,436 14,383 9,649 -11,053 -15,787 -43% -62%

Essex 2,361 2,881 2,705 2,094 2,068 2,070 9,629 4,731 1,967 6,281 5,489 5,566 20,366 15,169 12,308 -5,197 -8,058 -26% -40%

Hudson 3,873 1,839 1,863 1,522 1,514 1,523 5,357 2,515 1,147 5,302 4,086 2,979 16,054 9,953 7,512 -6,101 -8,542 -38% -53%

Mercer 2,233 1,969 2,090 1,125 1,119 1,129 8,503 4,425 1,920 1,888 1,038 729 13,749 8,552 5,868 -5,198 -7,881 -38% -57%

Middlesex 2,065 2,350 2,218 2,187 2,175 2,198 15,111 7,268 3,201 4,637 2,744 2,068 23,999 14,537 9,685 -9,462 -14,315 -39% -60%

Monmouth 195 184 187 1,654 1,645 1,656 8,140 4,379 1,905 4,142 3,091 2,223 14,132 9,299 5,971 -4,833 -8,161 -34% -58%

Morris 196 169 182 1,564 1,525 1,516 9,288 4,596 2,033 2,749 1,525 1,192 13,797 7,815 4,924 -5,982 -8,873 -43% -64%

Passaic 95 84 88 1,138 1,127 1,137 5,310 2,717 1,253 1,906 1,030 768 8,449 4,958 3,246 -3,491 -5,203 -41% -62%

Somerset 260 240 254 939 934 944 6,083 3,013 1,448 2,040 1,115 853 9,322 5,302 3,499 -4,020 -5,824 -43% -62%

Union 3,699 2,725 2,898 1,383 1,363 1,367 9,505 4,468 2,047 4,902 3,694 2,795 19,489 12,250 9,107 -7,239 -10,382 -37% -53%

Totals 15,828 13,512 13,454 16,122 15,969 16,059 93,385 45,687 20,546 39,457 27,050 21,711 164,793 102,218 71,769 -62,575 -93,024 -38% -56% NO

x Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

### 29 Table 4

SO 2 

### 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Invent ories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Bergen 46 49 47 731 60 165 110 96 98 269 38 46 1,156 243 356 -912 -800 -79% -69%

Essex 299 183 213 739 64 168 58 53 51 805 401 466 1,901 702 899 -1,199 -1,002 -63% -53%

Hudson 4,467 619 662 418 33 92 30 28 27 1,388 84 112 6,304 764 893 -5,540 -5,411 -88% -86%

Mercer 14,432 1,754 1,895 331 31 76 50 41 40 110 6 7 14,924 1,831 2,018 -13,093 -12,906 -88% -86%

Middlesex 367 247 270 574 47 130 90 85 83 376 18 24 1,407 397 507 -1,010 -900 -72% -64%

Monmouth 43 33 35 459 60 121 62 60 63 872 46 64 1,436 198 284 -1,239 -1,152 -86% -80%

Morris 55 21 34 683 63 159 60 54 56 124 16 20 922 155 269 -767 -653 -83% -71%

Passaic 20 5 10 333 47 92 34 32 35 78 3 4 464 87 141 -377 -323 -81% -70%

Somerset 35 31 34 248 20 55 36 33 36 85 5 6 404 88 131 -316 -273 -78% -68%

Union 596 640 700 467 28 97 55 50 49 1,652 102 138 2,771 819 984 -1,952 -1,787 -70% -64%

Totals 20,360 3,583 3,900 4,983 452 1,157 586 531 539 5,761 719 888 31,690 5,285 6,483 -26,405 -25,206 -83% -80% SO 2 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

### 30 Table 5

PM 2.5, 

### 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Table 6

NO

x 

### 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Burlington 174 180 183 1,702 1,624 1,563 415 247 115 225 174 145 2,516 2,225 2,006 -291 -510 -12% -20%

Camden 155 166 174 423 415 409 395 223 94 190 109 93 1,163 913 770 -249 -392 -21% -34%

Gloucester 471 471 501 732 705 679 245 146 70 146 89 77 1,593 1,411 1,326 -182 -267 -11% -17%

Totals 800 818 858 2,857 2,743 2,651 1,055 616 278 560 372 315 5,159 4,549 4,102 -609 -1,056 -12% -20% PM 2.5 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Burlington 516 551 535 1,397 1,372 1,368 10,615 5,048 2,505 2,420 1,627 1,338 14,948 8,598 5,746 -6,350 -9,201 -42% -62%

Camden 756 620 709 1,358 1,346 1,353 9,834 5,036 2,028 2,624 1,998 1,539 14,571 9,000 5,628 -5,571 -8,942 -38% -61%

Gloucester 3,181 2,955 3,189 728 711 706 6,543 3,420 1,563 1,747 1,373 1,037 12,199 8,459 6,495 -3,740 -5,704 -31% -47%

Totals 4,453 4,126 4,433 3,483 3,429 3,427 26,992 13,504 6,095 6,790 4,998 3,915 41,718 26,057 17,870 -15,661 -23,848 -38% -57% NO

x Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

### 31 Table 7

SO 2 

### 2007 Attainment , 2017 Interim and 2025 Projection Emission Inventories by County and Sector New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007 2017 2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025 2007-

2017 2007-

2025

Burlington 157 136 148 443 44 105 64 53 48 156 25 27 820 257 328 -562 -492 -69% -60%

Camden 76 69 77 412 35 93 59 45 43 634 34 48 1,181 183 261 -998 -920 -85% -78%

Gloucester 1,801 1,039 1,130 274 23 62 38 31 33 852 47 66 2,964 1,139 1,291 -1,825 -1,673 -62% -56%

Totals 2,034 1,243 1,355 1,129 102 260 161 129 124 1,642 105 141 4,965 1,579 1,880 -3,386 -3,085 -68% -62% SO 2 Emissions (tons/year)

County Point Area Onroad Nonroad County Totals Change Percent
Change

### 32 Figure 13

PM 2.5 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends 50 

### New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Figure 14

NO

x 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

50 USEPA transport fractions for PM 2.5 have been app lied to area and nonEGU point sources to reduce fugitive dust emissions

. S ee Appendix V for details.

### 33 Figure 15

SO 2 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area 51



### Figure 16

PM 2.5 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends 52 

### New Jersey Portion of Southern New J ersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

51 See Section 4.5.2 text for a discussion of SO 2 trends.

52 USEPA transport fractions for PM 2.5 have been applied to area and nonEGU point sources to redu ce fugitive dust emissions

. S ee Appendix V for details.

### 34 Figure 17

NO

x 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

Figure 18

SO 2 

### Projected Emissions Inventory Trends New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area 53

53 See Section 4.5.2 text for a discussion of SO 2 trends.

### 35 4. 5. 2 Maintenance Demonstration

New Jersey demonstrate s maintenance of the NAAQS by showing that future projected emissions are less than or equal to the attainment year inventory in both of its nonattainment

areas

. 54 

### If the future year emissions are less than or equal to attainment year emissions modeling is not necessary

. 55

, 56 

### Emissions of PM 2.5 

### , NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### are projected to decrease

between 2007 and 2025 in both the NNJ

- NY

- CT NAA and the SNJ.

- Phila. nonattainment area

. PM 2.5 

### emissions are projected to decrease by 5,124 tons per year( tpy ) ( 31 %) in the NNJ

- NY

- CT

nonattainment area and by 1,056 tpy ( 20 %) in the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area ; NO

x 

### emissions are projected to decrease by 93,024 tpy ( 56 %) in the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area and by 23,848 tpy ( 57 %) in the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area ; and SO 2 

### emissions are projected to decrease by 25,206 tpy (80%) in the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area and by 3,085 tpy (62%) in the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainment area from 2007

- 2025

.

The projection emission inventories for PM 2.5 

### , NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### demonstrate a significant decrease from 2007 to 2025 and that emissions will not increase above the attainment inventory. Th e details of this demonstration are shown in Table s 2 through 7 and Figures 13 through 18 in

Section 4. 5. 1 and in Tables 8 and 9 in this S ection

.

In addition, the 2008 USEPA N ational E missions I nventory for New Jerseys southern

nonattainment area has been included in Appendix IX

. A summary of emissions in the Append ix demonstrates that there is also a significant decrease in PM 2.5 

### , NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### in the

nonattainment area from 2008 to 2025.

The inventory charts show a significant decrease in SO 2 

### emissions from 2007 to 2025. A slight

increase i n emissions is depicted in the charts from 2017 to 2025

. This is due to variations in inventory calculation methodolog ies , not actual anticipation of increased emissions

. The anticipated emission reductions from New Jersey rules (most specifically low sulfur fuel and boilers) i n the 2025 inventory were underestimated to be conservative

, as a safety facto r. The

result of this conservative approach is a slight increase in emissions from 2017 to 2025

. This is

discussed in more detail in Append i ces VI and VIII

.

The anticipated emission reductions beyond 2007 demonstrate that existing permanent and

enforceable control measures are sufficient to maintain compliance with the PM 2.5 

### annual 15 μg/m 3 

### and daily 3 5 μg/m 3 

### NAAQS through 2025. Each of the control measures that are

include d in the Maintenance Plan , that contribute to emission reductions during the maintenance period, is described in Section 4. 5. 3

.

54 USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment , from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, to Regional Air Directors, page 9.

55 Ibid

. 56 Wall v. EPA , 265 F.3d426 (6th Cir. 2001), Sierra Club v. EPA , 375 F. 3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004). See also
66 FR 53094, 53099

– 53100 (October 19, 2001), 68 FR 25413, 25430

– 25432 (May 12, 2003), 76 FR 79600 (December 22, 2011).

### 3 6 Table 8 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM 2.5 

### NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### Emissions Summary

Multi

- State (NJ, NY, CT) Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Annual (tons)

2007 Annual (tons )

2017 Annual (tons)

2025 Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2017 Change (%)

from

2007 to 2017 Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2025 Change (%)

from

2007 to 2025 SECTOR

Oxides of Nitrogen (NO

x )

Point 57,045 53,489 55,259

- 3,556

- 6%

- 1,786

- 3%

Area 64,044 58,014 56,873

- 6,030

- 9%

- 7,171

- 11%

Onroad 252,723 149,227 74,474

- 103,496

- 41%

- 178,249

- 71%

Nonroad 117,863 77,298 45,591

- 40,565

- 34%

- 72,272

- 61%



### Total 491,675 338,029 232,198

- 153,646

- 31%

- 259,477

- 53%

Direct PM 2.5

Point 7,797 5,804 6,364

- 1,993

- 26%

- 1,433

- 18%

Area 18,512 18,574 19,318 62 0% 806 4%

Onroad 10,189 7,060 4,878

- 3,129

- 31%

- 5,311

- 52%

Nonroad 7,631 5,051 2,283

- 2,580

- 34%

- 5,348

- 70%



### Total 44,131 36,489 32,844

- 7,642

- 17%

- 11,287

- 26%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 )

Point 68,529 48,538 50,218

- 19,991

- 29%

- 18,311

- 27%

Area 42,122 11,006 10,353

- 31,116

- 74%

- 31,769

- 75%

Onroad 1,750 1,597 1,564

- 153

- 9%

- 186

- 11%

Nonroad 14,027 2,657 2,013

- 11,370

- 81%

- 12,014

- 86%



### Total 126,427 63,798 64,149

- 62,629

- 50%

- 62,278

- 49%

Notes:

1. 2007 and 2025 Data obtained from Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 Emission Inventory

for PM Counties in the MANE

- VU Region, Version 3.3, Exhibit 7.8, page 88, prepared by MARAMA and dated January
23, 2012.

2. 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the Northeast/Mid

Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012.

3. A discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII

4. The multi

- state nonattainment area summ ary may vary slightly from each states individual final SIP inventory, due to final SIP inventory updates in each state.

### 37 Table 9 2007, 2017 and 2025 PM 2.5 

### NO

x 

### and SO 2 

### Emissions Summary

Multi

- State (NJ, PA, DE) Southern New Jersey

- Philadelphia Nonattainment Area

SECTOR Annual (tons)

2007 Annual (tons)

2017 Annual (tons)

2025 Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2017 Change (%)

from

2007 to 2017 Change (tpy)

from

2007 to 2025 Change (%)

from

2007 to 2025

Oxides of Nitrogen (NO

x )

Point 31,759 19,591 19,817

- 12,168

- 38%

- 11,942

- 38%

Area 18,043 17,528 17,741

- 515

- 3%

- 302

- 2%

Onroad 106,315 61,089 26,648

- 45,226

- 43%

- 79,667

- 75%

Nonroad 31,850 20,935 17,662

- 10,915

- 34%

- 14,188

- 45%



### Total 187,967 119,143 81,869

- 68,824

- 37%

- 106,098

- 56%

Direct PM 2.5

Point 4,572 3,825 3,875

- 747

- 16%

- 697

- 15%

Area 13,811 13,358 12,983

- 453

- 3%

- 828

- 6%

Onroad 3,795 2,490 1,443

- 1,305

- 34%

- 2,352

- 62%

Nonroad 2,466 1,606 1,358

- 860

- 35%

- 1,108

- 45%



### Total 24,644 21,279 19,657

- 3,365

- 14%

- 4,987

- 20%

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 )

Point 35,035 13,375 13,553

- 21,660

- 62%

- 21,482

- 61%

Area 16,763 13,466 9,756

- 3,297

- 20%

- 7,007

- 42%

Onroad 773 567 422

- 206

- 27%

- 351

- 45%

Nonroad 6,134 851 709

- 5,283

- 86%

- 5,425

- 88%



### Total 58,705 28,260 24,440

- 30,445

- 52%

- 34,265

- 58%

Notes:

1. 2007 and 2025 Data obtained from Technical Support Document for the Development of the 2025 Emission Inventory for PM Counties in the MANE

- VU Region, Version 3.3, Exhibit 7.8, page 88, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012.

2. 2017 Data obtained from the 2017/2020 Emission Inventory for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the

Northeast/Mid

- Atlantic Region, Version 3.3, prepared by MARAMA and dated January 23, 2012.

3. A discussion of the 2017 inventory is included as Appendix VIII

4. The multi

- state nonattainment area summary may vary slightly from each states individual final SIP inventory, due to final SIP inventory updates in each state.

### 38 4. 5. 3 PM 2.5 

### Control Measures

4. 5. 3 .1 Maintenance Plan Control Measures

The permanent and enforceable maintenance plan control measures that are relied on to provide continued attainment beyond the attainment year, 2007, are included in Tables 1 0 and

1 1

. All of the measures in the maintenance plan are already implemented, or adopted with future implementation dates, or have already been adopted and implemented and continue to provide additional emission reductions each year with fleet and equipment turnover. These control measures are anticipated to p rovide continued emission s reductions in the future of

PM 2.5 

### and its precursors, NO

x 

### and SO 2

, 

### from a 2007 inventory base year to 2025, the maintenance plan year.

A detailed description of the post 2007 control measures shown in Tables 10 and 11 can be
found in the March 26, 2009 SIP , Section 4.0. 57 

### , and/or in the New Jersey rule referenced in the

tables. A description of how the emission reduction benefits from the rules were estimated is included in Appendi x VI

. A detailed summary of all of the post 2002 control measures, with the

effective start date of the emission reductions and estimated emission reductions

, are included in this SIP in Appendix X I Attachment 3.

57 NJDEP. State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revision for the Attainment and Maintenance of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) National Ambient Air Quality Standard: PM 2.5 Attainment Demo nstration, Final. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, March 26 , 2009.

### 39 Table 10 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative Code US EPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

POINT SOURCES

Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007

Point Federal/ New Jersey EGU

- PSE&G Hudson Consent

Decrees NA NA PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA 1,786 2,015 3,645

Point Federal/ New Jersey EGU

- PSE&G Mercer Consent

Decrees NA NA SO 2 NA NA NA NA NA 12,036

Point New Jersey EGU

- Oil and Gas Fired Boilers NJAC 7:27

- 4.2, 10.2,

19.4 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 322 NA

Point New Jersey EGU

- Coal

- fired Boilers NJAC 7:27

- 4.2, 10.2,

19.4 8/3/2010 PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU

- High Electric Demand Day (HEDD) NJAC 7:27

- 19.29 8/3/2010 SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA NQ NQ

Point Federal ICI Boiler MACT NA NA PM NA NA NA 0 NA NA

Point/Area Federal RICE MACT NA NA PM, NO

x NA NA NA 1 72 NA

Point Federal/ New Jersey Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, Valero, and ConocoPhillips) NA NA PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA 1,140 NA

Point New Jersey Asphalt Production Plants NJAC 7:27

- 19.9 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 35 NA

Point New Jersey Case by Case NO

x Emission Limit Determinations (FSELs/AELs) NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Glass Manufacturing NJAC 7:27

- 19.10 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2006 NJAC 7:27

- 16.8, 19.7 7/31/2007 NO

x NA NA NA NA 43 NA

Point New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2009 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 344 NA

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27

- 9 1/3/2012 SO 2 NA NA NA NA NA 391

Point New Jersey Municipal Waste Combustors (Incinerators) NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Sewage and Sludge Incinerators NJAC 7:27

- 19.28 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Total Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,787 3,971 16,072

Point Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 5,031 17,426 19,972

Point Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 4,937 15,827 20,359 3,243 13,454 3,900

AREA SOURCES

Area Source Control Measures Benefits, post 2007

Area Federal Residential Woodstove NSPS (Note 1) NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA 238 10 2

### 40 Table 10 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative Code US EPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

Point/Area Federal RICE NA NA NOx, PM NA NA NA 8 0 0

Point/Area Federal/ New Jersey Combined RICE and ICI Boiler Rule

2006 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 5 99 0

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule2006 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA 0 21 0

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27

- 27.9 1/3/2012 SO 2 NA NA NA 0 0 2,599

Total Area Source Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 245 630 2,601

Area Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 5,862 16,688 3,757

Area Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 5,499 16,122 4,983 5,616 16,059 1,157

ON

- ROAD SOURCES

On

- road Source Control Measures

Onroad Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV)

Defeat Device Settlement NA NA NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad Federal Tier 2 Vehicle Program/Low Sulfur

Fuels NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad Federal Heavy

- Duty Highway Rule

- Vehicle

Standards and Diesel Fuel Sulfur

Control NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey Diesel Idling Rule Amendments NJAC 7:27

- 14.1, 14.3 4/14/2009 PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey Diesel I/M Program NJAC 7:27

- 14 Pending PM 2.5 , NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program NJAC 7:27

- 29 2/13/2008, updated 9/28/10 per

CA Waiver PM, SO 2 , NO

x , VOC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey I/M Program for Gasoline Vehicles NJAC 7:27

- 15 5/21/2004 VOC, NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total On

- road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 2,459 72,839 47

On

- road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 3,677 93,385 586 1,218 20,546 539

NON

- ROAD SOURCES

On

- road Source Control Measures

Nonroad Federal Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW NA NA NOx, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Large Industrial Spark

- Ignition Engines

over 19 kW NA NA NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

### 41 Table 10 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Northern New Jersey

- New York

- Connecticut Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative Code US EPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy

Nonroad Federal Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder NA NA PM, NOx, (CO, VOC) NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Nonroad Diesel Engines NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark

- Ignition Nonhandheld Engines

at or below 19 kW NA NA NOx, VOC, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark

Ignition Handheld Engines at or below

19 kW NA NA NOx, VOC, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Recreational Vehicles (includes
snowmobiles, off

- highway motorcycles, and all

- terrain vehicles) NA NA NOx, CO, HC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total Non

- road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,655 23,034 9,837

Non

- road Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 3,065 44,848 10,724

Non

- road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 2,497 39,457 5,761 1,410 21,814 887

TOTAL CONTROL MEASURE BENEFITS, post 2007 NA NA NA 6,147 100,411 28,557

TOTAL EMISSIONS, GROWN AND CONTROLLED 16,611 164,792 31,689 11,487 71,872 6,482

Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

NQ = Not Quantified, not included in the benefit total

1. Benefits from area source Residential Woodstove NSPS have been added to the "Growth Only" Total,

as they are accounted for in both the "Growth Only" and "Growth and Controlled" Inventories.

2. Included in total, not quantified individually

### 42 Table 11 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Pennsylvania

- Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5
tpy NOx
tpy SO2 tpy

POINT SOURCES

Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007

Point Federal/ New Jersey EGU

- PSE&G Hudson Consent

Decrees NA NA PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point Federal/ New Jersey EGU

- PSE&G Mercer Consent

Decrees NA NA SO 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU

- Oil and Gas Fired Boilers NJAC 7:27

- 4.2,
10.2, 19.4 8/3/2010 SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA 30 NA

Point New Jersey EGU

- Coal

- fired Boilers NJAC 7:27

- 4.2,
10.2, 19.4 8/3/2010 PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA NA NA

Point New Jersey EGU

- High Electric Demand Day (HEDD) NJAC 7:27

- 19.29 8/3/2010 SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA NA NQ NQ

Point Federal ICI Boiler MACT NA NA PM NA NA NA 1 NA NA

Point/Area Federal RICE MACT NA NA PM, NO

x NA NA NA 0 2 NA

Point Federal/ New Jersey Refinery Consent Decrees (Sunoco, Valero, and ConocoPhillips) NA NA PM, SO 2 , NO

x NA NA NA 50 375 804

Point New Jersey Asphalt Production Plants NJAC 7:27

- 19.9 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 5 NA

Point New Jersey Case by Case NO

x Emission Limit Determinations (FSELs/AELs) NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Glass Manufacturing NJAC 7:27

- 19.10 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 2.7 NA

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2006 NJAC 7:27

- 16.8,

19.7 7/31/2007 NO

x NA NA NA NA 4 NA

Point New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule 2009 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NA 79 NA

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27

- 27.9 1/3/2012 SO 2 NA NA NA NA NA 66

Point New Jersey Municipal Waste Combustors (Incinerators) NJAC 7:27

- 19.13 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Point New Jersey Sewage and Sludge Incinerators NJAC 7:27

- 19.28 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Total Point Source Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 51 497 870

Point Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 910 5,110 2,225

Point Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 799 4,453 2,035 859 4,432 1,355

AREA SOURCES

Area Source Control Measures Benefits, post 2007

Area Federal Residential Woodstove NSPS (Note 1) NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA 255 16 3

### 43 Table 11 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Pennsylvania

- Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5
tpy NOx
tpy SO2 tpy

Point/Area Federal RICE NA NA NOx, PM NA NA NA 1 0 0

Point/Area Federal/ New Jersey Combined RICE and ICI Boiler Rule

2006 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NOx NA NA NA 0 109 0

Point/Area New Jersey ICI Boiler Rule2006 NJAC 7:27

- 19.7 8/3/2010 NO

x NA NA NA 0 4 0

Point/Area New Jersey Low Sulfur Distillate and Residual Fuel Strategies NJAC 7:27

- 9 1/3/2012 SO 2 NA NA NA 0 0 584

Total Area Source Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 257 129 587

Area Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 2,907 3,556 847

Area Source Emissions Grown and Controlled 2,857 3,483 1,129 2,651 3,427 260

ON

- ROAD SOURCES

On

- road Source Control Measures

Onroad Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV)

Defeat Device Settlement NA NA NOx NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad Federal Tier 2 Vehicle Program/Low Sulfur

Fuels NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad Federal Heavy

- Duty Highway Rule

- Vehicle

Standards and Diesel Fuel Sulfur

Control NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey Diesel Idling Rule Amendments NJAC 7:27

- 14.1,

14.3 4/14/2009 PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey Diesel I/M Program NJAC 7:27

- 14 Pending PM 2.5 , NO

x NA NA NA NQ NQ NQ

Onroad New Jersey New Jersey Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program NJAC 7:27

- 29 2/13/2008, updated 9/28/10 per

CA Waiver PM, SO 2 , NO

x , VOC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Onroad New Jersey I/M Program for Gasoline Vehicles NJAC 7:27

- 15 5/21/2004 VOC, NOx,

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total On

- road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 777 21,253 37

On

- road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 1,055 26,992 161 278 5,739 124

NON

- ROAD SOURCES

On

- road Source Control Measures

Nonroad Federal Diesel Marine Engines over 37 kW NA NA NOx, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Large Industrial Spark

- Ignition Engines over 19 kW NA NA NOx, CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

### 44 Table 11 Projected Emissions and Control Measure Benefits Summary 2007

- 2025 New Jersey Portion of Southern New Jersey

- Pennsylvania

- Delaware Nonattainment Area

Sector Federal or

State Control Measure New Jersey

Administrative

Code USEPA Approval Pollutants 2007 Inventory 2025 Inventory

PM2.5 tpy NOx tpy SO2 tpy PM2.5
tpy NOx
tpy SO2 tpy

Nonroad Federal Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression

- Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder NA NA PM, NOx, (CO, VOC) NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Nonroad Diesel Engines NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Phase 2 Standards for New Nonroad Spark

- Ignition Nonhandheld Engines at or below

19 kW NA NA NOx, VOC,

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Phase 2 Standards for Small Spark

Ignition Handheld Engines at or

below 19 kW NA NA NOx, VOC,

CO NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Recreational Vehicles (includes
snowmobiles, off

- highway motorcycles, and all

- terrain vehicles) NA NA NOx, CO, HC, NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Nonroad Federal Gasoline boats and personal watercraft, outboard engines NA NA PM, NOx, CO, VOC NA NA NA Note 2 Note 2 Note 2

Total Non

- road Control Measure Benefits, post 2007 NA NA NA 398 4,025 3,262

Non

- road Source Emissions, Growth Only NA NA NA 713 8,005 3,402

Non

- road Emissions, Grown and Controlled 560 6,790 1,642 315 3,980 140

TOTAL CONTROL MEASURE BENEFITS, post 2007 NA NA NA 1,483 25,903 4,755

TOTAL EMISSIONS, GROWN AND CONTROLLED 5,271 41,718 4,966 4,103 17,578 1,879

Notes:

NA = Not Applicable

NQ = Not Quantified, not included in the benefit total

1. Benefits from area source Residential Woodstove NSPS have been added to the "Growth Only" Total,

as they are accounted for in both the "Growth Only" and "Growth and Controlled" Inventories.

2. Included in total, not quantified individually

### 45 4. 5. 3 .2 Other Emission Reductions

Other emission reductions not included in the maintenance plan that contribute to improving air quality from 2007 to 2025 and beyond include:

Federal Mercury and Air Toxics Standards

On December 16, 2011, the USEPA promulgated the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) to reduce emissions of toxic pollutants from power plants. 58 

### The MATS are national Clean Air Act standards to reduce mercury and other toxic emissions from new and existing

coal

- and oil

- fired electric utility steam generating units (EGUs). The standards wil l reduce emissions of metals, including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), acid gases, including hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Emission controls to

reduce air toxics will also reduce emissions of PM 2.5 

### and SO 2



### . The MATS includes revisions to

the Federal New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for new fossil

- fuel

- fired electric generating units , including revised numerical emission limits for PM, SO 2 

### , and NO X



### .

Existing sources have 4 years, if needed, to compl y with MATS. The USEPA estimates that there are approximately 1,400 units affected by this action, which includes approximately 1,100 existing coal

- fired units and 300 oil fired units at about 600 power plants. USEPA lists 73 facilities in New Jersey, Pe nnsylvania, Delaware, New York and Connecticut that could potentially be affected by the MATS.

It is expected that the MATS will also result in the conversion of most New Jersey sources that

burn No. 6 fuel oil to gas

. The New Jersey coal power plants either already comply with MATS (6 units) or will comply by the MATS compliance deadline (2 units). It is expected that the

MATS will result in significant emission reductions from upwind sources , resulting in further improvement to the air quality in New Jersey.

Diesel Retrofit Program (N.J.A.C 7:27

- 32)

The existing rule requires the installation of retrofit emission control technology on garbage trucks, commercial buses and publicly owned onroad vehicles and off

- road equipment. Due to public health impacts, these vehicles were chosen because they operat e in residential areas,

some of which are overburdened urban communities. The retrofits are scheduled to occur between 2008 and 2015. These rules will reduce the emissions of fine diesel particles. The program regulates publicly

- owned and certain private ly

- owned fleets. In 2009, an estimated retrofit population of 24,000 onroad vehicles and off

- road equipment was expected to be affected by the mandatory retrofit program. As of 2012, 18,300 of these onroad vehicles and

off

- road equipment have either been retrofitted or are projected to be retrofitted

, since some of

the vehicles were either retired as a compliance option or exempt from the rule.

New Jersey Clean Construction Program

NJDEP established a voluntary program to reduce harmful diesel particulat e emissions from nonroad construction equipment operating in New Jersey, with a particular focus on equipment used in urban areas. Through this program, retrofit devices are installed on construction equipme nt using funding provided by USEPA under the Ame rican Recovery and Reinvestment
Act, and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act.

58 77 Fed. Reg. 9304 (February 16, 2012)

### 46 The NJDEP and NJDOT area implementing Governor Christie’s 2011 Executive Order #60, which requires a three year pilot program to install pollution

- control devices on nonroad

cons truction equipment used on selected N.J. Department of Transportation (NJDOT) projects. The projects on which the pollution control devices will be installed are jointly chosen by the NJDEP and NJDOT, with preference given to selecting projects in urban a reas where cumulative exposure to pollution creates a disproportionate impact on the people living in those communities. The goal is to install tailpipe particulate retrofits on 175 pieces of nonroad construction equipment by Summer 2014. Further details can be found online at: http://www.stopthesoot.org/clean2.html

.

B.L. England A dministrative Consent Order

On May 18, 2012, NJDEP amended its Administrative Consent Order with B.L. England in Cape May County

. Under the amended agreement, B.L. England will further reduce all air pollutants by shutting down one of its coal

- fired units (Unit 1) and converting two others to natural gas (Unit 2 is currently burns coal and Unit 3 currently burns fuel oil)

. The agreement commits to

the cessatio n of coal

- fired Unit 1 by fall 2013 and for the conversion of Units 2 and 3 to natural gas by May 2016. Unit 2, which currently only operates during peak demand periods, will be shut down by May 2015

, to allow for the conversion. Operations will be limit ed in an effort to reduce pollution during the time leading up to the conversion shutdown.

The repowering and shutdown will reduce NO

x 

### emissions by approximately 98 percent, or 2,800 tons per year, and will reduce SO 2 

### emissions by approximately 99.9 percen t, or 2,800 tons per

year. The emission reductions from this agreement will go beyond those estimated from NJDEPs performance standards for EGUs included in Tables 10 and 11

. A copy of the

Administrative Consent Order can be found online at: http://www.nj.gov/dep/docs/20120613104728.pdf

.

4. 5. 4 Monitoring Network and Verification of Continued Attainment

New Jersey will track the air quality for continued attainment of the PM 2.5 

### NAAQS, as required by the maintenance plan

, by evaluating future monitoring data. New Jersey will review ambient

PM 2.5 

### monitoring data as it becomes available to evaluate any risk of impending NAAQS violations as discussed further in the Contingency Plan.

To v erify t hat New Jersey’s multi

- state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas remain in attainment, New Jersey will continue to operate an appropriate air monitoring network in New Jersey

. 59 

### The air monitoring results will detect any changes in the ambient air quality, as well as assist the State in determining whether or not it is necessary to impleme nt any contingency measures.

The State will work with the USEPA each year through the ai r monitoring network review process, as required by 40 CFR Part 58 to determine: 1) the adequacy of the PM 2.5 

### monitoring network; 2) if additional monitoring is needed; and 3) if/when sites can be discontinued or

relocated. Due to the possibility of an un expected occurrence affecting one or more of the required monitors, the State will work clo sely with the USEPA to either replace it or move the monitor(s) to a new location , if necessary

. Any changes to the monitoring network will be made

59 As specified in the USEPA memorandum dated September 4, 1992, entitled Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas t o Attainment , from John Calcagni, Director, Air Quality Management Division, to Regional Air Directors, the State will operate an adequate network for 10 years following the redesignation. In addition, eight years into the maintenance plan, the State will submit a second 10 year

maintenance plan.

### 47 through the air monitoring network review process. This review process undergoes a public notice period , usually in the May

- June time period each year, and then is subject to approval by

the USEPA. Air monitoring data will continue to be quality assured according to t he requirements in the USEPA regulations. 60



### 4. 5. 5 Contingency Plan

The Clean Air Act requires M aintenance P lans include contingency provisions. 61 

### The purpose of the contingency provisions is to assure that any violations of the NAAQS will be corrected promptly. The NJDEP will use the following triggers (determination of when to start an action) and perform the following actions in accordance with the described schedule, as its contingency plan:

1. If monitored PM 2.5 

### concentrations in any year exceed the level of the NAAQS, NJDEP will evaluate all appropriate data to determine the cause of the elevated levels

. Such data

assessment will include appropriate air quality data, meteorological data, activity data for relevant sources, information on any unusual events (e.g. forest fires, natural disasters), transport from out of state sources

, violation of an existing rule or permit, and any other

rel ated data to try to determine the cause of the violation. This assessment will be performed when the annual average PM 2.5 

### concentration for the previous year exceeds 15 μg/m 3 

### at any New Jersey monitoring site, or when the 98 th 

### percentile of the 24

- hour average daily concentrations exceeds 35 μg/m 3 

### at any New Jersey air monitoring site. NJDEP will perform this evaluation within six months of the data certification

. New Jersey will work with

the other states in its shared multi

- state nonattainment areas as necessary.

2. If annual or 24

- hour PM 2.5 

### design value s (3 year average of the annual average, or 3 year average if the 98 th 

### percentile of the 24

- hour average daily concentrations, respectively) exceed 15 μg/m 3 

### or 35 μg/m 3 

### , NJDEP will evaluate all appropriate data to determine the

cause using the same analyses discussed in I tem number 1

. NJDEP will perform this

evaluation within six months of the determination of a violation

.

3. Based on any findings, New Jersey will make a judgment on whether the violation was caused by an exceptional event or a violation of an existing rule or permit

. Any violation of an existing rule or permit will be addressed with appropriate enforcement action. I f it is

determined that the violation w as caused by an exceptional event

, the State will implement USEPA’s exceptional event procedures. T he State will rely on one or more of the following contingency measures and implementation schedule for any other violation:

• Onroad V ehicle F leet T urnover : Emission r eductions will be achieved from onroad

motor vehicle fleet turnover from the existing State and Federal rules for motor vehicles.

The turnover of the onroad fleet of cars and trucks will result in additional NO

x 

### and PM

emission reductions each year because the new vehicles have significantly lower emission standards than the vehicles they are replacing. T he rules for this measure are already promulgated and are already being implemented

.

• Nonroad V ehicle and E quipment F leet T urnover: Emission reductions will be achieved from nonroad vehicles and equipment fleet turnover from existing Federal

rules. The turnover will result in additional NO

x 

### and PM emission reductions each year because the new vehicles and equipment have lower emissi on standards than the

60 40 CFR 58.

61 42 U.S.C. 7505a(d).

### 48 vehicles and equipment they are replacing. T he rules for th is measure are already promulgated and are already being implemented

.

• Low S ulfur F uel R ule N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 9 (prior to July 2016): The low sulfur fuel rule was adopted in August of 2010, with future effective limits in July 2014 and July 2016. If a violation occurs prior to the final effective date of the new limits in the rule (July 2016), significant additional SO 2 

### emission reductions will be achieved after the new limit s are implemented. Therefore, this measure can be applied as a contingency measure in the event of a violation between the time period of the redesignation to July 2016

. T he rules

for this measure are already promulgated, but not yet fully implemented

.

• Diesel Retrofit Program, Diesel Inspection and Maintenance Program, Vehicle Idling N.J.A.C. 7:27

- 14 and 32 : Emission reductions will be achieved from New Jersey’s programs and rules for diesel retrofits, diesel inspection and maintenance and

vehicle idli ng, that are not included in the inventory demonstration in the maintenance plan. These programs provide real benefits that are not currently quantified in the inventory. The rules for these measures are already promulgated and are already being implemen ted.

4. If necessary, New Jersey will evaluate the feasibility and applicability of additional

measures , how they relate to the cause and location of the violation , and if these additional

measures would correct the violation . An evaluation of additional measures may include:

• New control measures that have been adopted for other purposes

• Residential wood burning strategies

• Fugitive dust reductions at stationary sources

• Lower particulate limits for No. 6 fuel oil

- fired boilers

• Lower particulate limits for stationary diesel engines

• Working with the local metropolitan planning agencies to implement transportation control measures such as: traffic flow improvements, transit improvements, trip reduction programs, arterial and sign al improvement projects, bicycle projects, or other new transportation measures.

NJDEP will perform this evaluation within six months of the determination of a violation. I f it is determined that a new rule is required or appropriate to correct a violation of the NAAQS, NJDEP will propose a new rule within 18 months of the determination of a violation. NJDEP will take final action on the proposed rule within 30 months of the determination of a violation

.

The C lean A ir A ct Section 175A(d) also requires that a state will implement all measures with respect to control of the pollutant(s) that were contained in the SIP before redesignation of the

area to attainment . All of the measures in the maintenance plan are either already implemented, or have been adopted with future implementation dates, therefore, there are no outstanding control measure commitments to be addressed before the redesignation.

4.6 Transportation Conformit y

4.6 .1 Introduction

The Clean Air Act 62 

### requires that Federal actions conform to a s tate’s State Implementation

62 42 U.S.C. § 7506.

### 49 Plan (SIP). For the purposes of transportation conformity, t he projected emissions calculated based on a transportation plan, transportation improvement program, or project, may not exceed the motor vehicle emissions budget or cap contained in the appropriate SIP. Emissions projected to occur in future years for w hich no motor vehicle emissions budgets are specifically established must be less than or equal to the motor vehicle emissions budget established for the most recent prior year.

Emission budgets in New Jersey are established by nonattainment area and Metr opolitan Planning Organization (MPO) boundary.

There are three Me tropolitan Planning Organization s in New Jersey that cover the geographic areas shown in Figure 19 . These are the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA), the Delaware Val ley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), and the South Jersey Transportation Planning Organization (SJTPO) . Each Metropolitan Planning Organization is responsible for the transportation plans and transportation improvement programs for its designated are a. The Metropolitan Planning Organization s each work in consultation with the Federal Highway Administration, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, the USEPA, and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to remain at or under establish ed transportation emission budgets for their area. Transportation conformity budgets for PM 2.5 

### are developed for each Metropolitan Planning Organization by adding the onroad emissions from

individual counties within each Metropolitan Planning Organization planning area located within the New Jersey portions of the PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas. This results in the formation of the following three areas for budget development:

• Nine counties located in the NJTPA Metropolitan Planning Organization planning area and the New Jersey portion of the NNJ

- NY

- CT PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area (Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, and Union c ounties),

• Mercer c ounty located in the DVRPC Metropolitan Planning Organization geograph ic area

and the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area, and

• Three counties included in the DVRPC Metropolitan Planning Organization geographic area and the New Jersey portion of the SNJ/Phila. PM 2.5 

### nonattainment area (Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester c ounties).

The South Jersey Transportation Planning Organization does not have to perform transportation conformity for PM 2.5 

### because all counties within their planning area have been, and continue to be, designated attainment of the PM 2.5 

### 15 μ g/m 3 

### annual and 35 μ g/m 3 

### daily NAAQSs. Additional background information concerning transportation conformity is provided in Appendix X.

### 50 Figure 19 Metropolitan Planning Organizations in New Jersey

4.6 .2 Budgets for Attainment and Maintenance of the Annual and Daily P M 2.5 

### NAAQS

The new transportation conformity emission budgets for directly emitted fine particulate matter (direct PM 2.5 

### ) and annual NO

x 

### (a PM 2.5 

### precursor), by MPO planning area for the New Jersey portions of the NNJ

- NY

- CT and the SNJ

- Phila. nonattainmen t areas, are provided in Table 1 2

. The set of budgets in Table 1 2 represent annual emissions

. New Jersey is simultaneously establishing these same values as the transportation conformity budgets for the PM 2.5 

### annual

NAAQS and the PM 2.5 

### daily NAAQS. Exceedances of the PM 2.5 

### daily NAAQS have historically been distributed throughout all four seasons of the year, therefore t he transportation conformity budgets applicable to the PM 2.5 

### daily NAAQS are represented as annual average emissions

. The budgets a re based on the latest planning assumptions, including use of the MOVES model. New Jersey is establishing budgets for 2009 and 2025 for this PM 2.5 

### redes i gnation and maintenance plan SIP revision. The monitoring data show attainment of the standards for 2 009. The 2025 budgets represent the last year of the maintenance period for the PM 2.5 

### standards. D

e l a w a r e V a l l e y R e g i o n a l

P

l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n N o r t h J e r s e y T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P

l a n n i n g A u t h o r i t y

S o u t h J e r s e y T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P

l a n n i n g O r g a n i z a t i o n

### 51 Table 1 2 Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets for Both the PM 2.5 

### Daily NAAQS and PM 2.5 

### Annual NAAQS

Direct PM 2.5 

### Emissions (a)


### (tons per year) NO

x 

### Emissions (tons per year)

Year of Budget 2009 2025 2009 2025

NJTPA and NNJ/NY/CT

Nonattainment Area ( b ) 

### 2,736 1,509 67,272 25,437

DVRPC and NNJ/NY/CT

Nonattainment Area ( c ) 

### 224 11 9 5,835 2,551

DVRPC and SNJ/Phila.

Nonattainment Area ( d ) 

### 680 3 63 18,254 8,00 3

Notes: (a) Direct PM 2.5 consists of the sum of: SO 4 , organic carbon, elemental carbon, brake particles, and tire particles. ( b ) This area consists of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic,

Somerset and Union Counties (New Jersey portion of the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area also located in the NJTPA planning area). ( c ) This area consists of Mercer County. ( d ) This area consists of Burlington, Camden and Gloucester Counties (New Jersey portion of the

SNJ/Phila. nonattainment area).



### Each Metropolitan Planning Organization used its Travel Demand Models (TDM) to estimate the actual 2009 and projected 2025 vehicle activity data. Both Metropolitan Planning Organization s used the monthly approach outlined in the USE PA guidance 63 

### to calculate annual average

emissions.

It is important to note that from 2009 to 2025 onroad emissions budgets indicate significant

declines in the onroad inventories for both PM 2.5 

### and NO

x 

### . Also, 2009 (the year of the first budget) corresponds to a date in which the monitoring data show attainment of the standards. Therefore, the current SIP continues to reflect a set of control measures designed to further decrease regional onroad emissions and continued improvements in air quality are expected. The purpose of the 2025 budgets is to ensure that attainment of the PM 2.5 

### standards will be maintained throughout the time period covered by this SIP revision. The budgets are based on

the inventor y projections for 2025 for the onroad sector as well as the inventory projections for the other sectors (nonroad mobile, area, and stationary sources). As shown in Table 13, t he 2025 projected inventories for PM 2.5 

### and PM 2.5 

### precursors are significantly l ess than their respective base year (2007) inventories. Th ese projected emission reductions allows the addition of a safety margin to the 2025 onroad inventory values to establish the 2025 transportation conformity budgets. 64 

### The safety margin is some port ion of the difference between the emissions necessary to achieve the milestone ( attainment or maintenance goals )

63 USEPA. Guidance for Creating Annual Onroad Mobile Source Emission Inventories for PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas for Use in SIPs and Conformity. United States Environmental Protection Agency

, EPA420

- B

- 05

- 008, page 7, August 2005.

64 40 CFR 93.124

### 52 and future year projected emissions. Safety margins are incorporated so that the 2025 transportation conformity emission budgets represent con straints on emissions from on road

sources that will maintain attainment of the NAAQS. New Jersey has elected to use only 8% of

the total emissions available as safety margins ( 2007 minus 2025 inventories) for each pollutant

in the establishment of the 202 5 budgets . This should be sufficient to accommodate expected improvements to the MOVES i nputs and methodology in the future while still ensuring that

emissions remain well below attainment levels

. The 2025 budgets for direct PM 2.5 

### and NO

x 

### in

Table 12 incl ude the safety margin emissions. The calculation of the safety margins for the 2025 budgets is summarized in Table 1 3

.

Table 1 3

Calculation of 2025 Transportation Conformity Emission Budgets

Direct PM 2.5 

### Emissions (a)


### (tons per year) NO

x 

### Emissions (tons per year)

Area

On road

2025 Inventory Total

Emission

Reduction

F rom
2007 (b) Safety Margin (8% of Tot

Emis. Red.

From 2007) 2025 Conformity

Budget On r oad

2025 Inventory Total

Emission

Reduction

F rom
2007 (b) Safety Margin (8% of Tot

Emis. Red.

From 2007) 2025 Conformity

Budget

NJTPA and

NNJ/NY/CT

NAA (c) 1,128 4,766 381 1,509 18,626 85,142 6,811 25,437

DVRPC and

NNJ/NY/CT

NAA (d) 90 358 29 119 1,920 7,881 630 2,551

DVRPC and

SNJ/Phila.

NAA (e) 278 1,056 85 363 6,09 5 23,848 1,908 8,00 3

Notes: (a) Direct PM 2.5 consists of the sum of: SO 4 , organic carbon, elemental carbon, brake particles, and tire particles. (b) This is the difference in estimated emissions from all sources between 2007 and 2025 using emission inventories from this maintenance plan. Details regarding these inventories are provided in Section 4. 5.2.

. (c) This area consists of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic,

So merset and Union Counties (New Jersey portion of the NNJ

- NY

- CT nonattainment area also located in the NJTPA planning area). (d) This area consists of Mercer County. (e) This area consists of Burlington, Camden and Gloucester Counties (New Jersey portion of the

SN J/Phila. nonattainment area).



### Once these budgets are deemed adequate or are approved by the USEPA (whichever occurs first) , these budgets must be used for subse quent transportation conformity determinations by

t he NJTPA and the DVRPC. The MOVES inputs used to generate the budgets are documented in Appendix VII. Computer files that document the calculation of the budgets are provided in the

A ttachments to Appendix VII

.

### 53 5 .0 CONCLUSION

Air quality monitoring data show measured PM 2.5 

### levels are well below the NAAQS

, with a trend of improving PM 2.5 

### air quality over the past decade. New Jersey’s northern and southern

nonattainment areas are projected to continue to meet the annual 15 μ g/m 3 

### and daily 35 μ g/m 3



### health based PM 2.5 

### NAAQS through 2025. Continued attainment is projected based on permanent and enforceable measures that the State and Federal Government have adopted or implemented as shown in the Maintenance Plan. The NJDEP will track and evaluate am bient

PM 2.5 

### air concentrations and take appropriate steps to maintain the NAAQS. New Jersey requests that the USEPA redesignate the New Jersey portion of both of New Jersey’s multi

state PM 2.5 

### nonattainment areas to attainment for the annual 15 μ g/m 3 

### and daily 35 μ g/m 3 

### health

based PM 2.5 

### NAAQS in accordance with the C lean A ir A ct

.