(Adopted: 08/03/90; Amended: 09/07/90; Amended: 08/12/94; 

Amended: 12/09/94; Amended: 5/15/01; Amended: 01/21/03) 

AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-1

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

RULE 1110.2 

Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & Portable Internal 

Combustion Engines

(A) General 

(1) Purpose 

(a) To limit emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Volatile Organic 

Compounds (VOCs) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) from Stationary or 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines. 

(2) Applicability 

(a) This rule is applicable to all Stationary ICEs over 50 bhp and all portable 

engines over 100 bhp. 

(B) Definitions

(1) “Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO)” − The person appointed to the position of 

Air Pollution Control Officer of the District pursuant to the provisions of 

California Health & Safety Code §40750, and his or her designee. 

(2) “Emergency Engine” − Any engine which operates: 

(a) As a temporary replacement for primary mechanical or electrical power 

during periods of fuel or energy shortage or while the primary power 

supply is under repair; and 

(b) Less than 200 hours per calendar year as evidenced by an installed and 

operating engine-hour meter and log of operating hours per Subsections 

(F) and (G) of this rule.

(3) “Exempt Compounds” – Compounds listed in 40 CFR 51.100(s)(1). 

(4) “Facility” − Any building, structure, emissions unit(s) or installation which emits 

or may emit a Regulated Air Pollutant and which is: 

(a) Located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties within the 

District; and 

(b) Under the control of the same person (or by persons under common 

control); and 
1110.2-2 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(c) Belong to the same industrial grouping, as determined by being within the 

same two-digit Standard Industrial Classification Code (SICC). 

(d) For the purpose of this regulation, such above-described grouping, 

remotely located but connected only by land carrying a pipeline, shall not 

be considered one Facility. 

(5) “Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)” − Any spark- or compression-ignited internal 

combustion engine, not including ICEs used for self-propulsion. 

(6) “Location” − Any single site at a building, structure, facility, or installation. For 

engines that perform maintenance on equipment at its permanent or ordinary 

location, each maintenance site shall be a separate location. 

(7) “Non-road Internal Combustion Engine (Non-road ICE)” − Any ICE defined 

under 40 CFR Part 89, which meets the specified emissions limits therein, and 

that does not remain or will not remain at a location for more than twelve (12) 

consecutive months or a shorter period of time where such period is representative 

of normal annual source operation at a stationary source that resides at a fixed 

location or more than twelve (12) months (e.g., seasonal source or operation such 

as canning facilities, ski resort snow making equipment) and meets any one of the 

following: 

(a) Is used in or on a piece of equipment that is self-propelled or serves a dual 

purpose by both propelling itself and performing another function such as 

an off highway mobile crane); or 

(b) Is used in or on a piece of equipment that is intended to be propelled while 

performing its function (such as lawn mowers and string trimmers); or 

(c) By itself, or in or on a piece of equipment, is portable or transportable. 

Portable means designed to be and capable of being carried or moved from 

one location to another. Transportable includes, but is not limited to, 

wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, trailer, platform or mounting. 

(8) “Portable Internal Combustion Engine (Portable ICE)” − Any ICE designed and 

capable of being carried or moved from one location to another. Indicia of 

portability include, but are not limited to, wheels, skids, carrying handles, dolly, 

trailer, or platform. For the purposes of this rule, dredge ICEs on a boat or barge 

are considered portable ICE. The ICE is not portable if any of the following are 

true: 

(a) Is attached to a foundation at a single location; or 

(b) Remains or will remain at a single location for more than 12 consecutive 

months; or 
AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-3

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(c) Is a replacement ICE for a specific application which remains or is 

intended to remain for twelve (12) consecutive months; or 

(d) Is a seasonal or other source that normally operates less than twelve (12) 

consecutive months as its normal operational year. 

(e) Any period during which the ICE is not operated and is maintained at a 

designated storage facility shall be excluded from the residency time 

determination. 

(9) “Rated Brake Horsepower (bhp)” − The rating specified by the manufacturer, 

without regard to any derating, and listed on the ICE’s nameplate. 

(10) “Reactive Organic Compound (ROC)” − Any compound containing carbon, 

which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, excluding methane, 

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, 

ammonium carbonate and those compounds listed in 17 California Code of 

Regulations §94508(a)(90)(1-2). 

(11) “Regulated Air Pollutant” − Any of the following Air Pollutants: 

(a) Any Air Pollutant, and its Precursors, for which an Ambient Air Quality 

Standard has been promulgated. 

(b) Any Air Pollutant that is subject to a standard under 42 U.S.C. §7411, 

Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources (Federal Clean Air 

Act §111) or the regulations promulgated thereunder. 

(c) Any substance which has been designated a Class I or Class II substance 

under 42 U.S.C. §7671a (Federal Clean Air Act §602) or the regulations 

promulgated thereunder. 

(d) Any Air Pollutant subject to a standard or other requirement established 

pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §7412, Hazardous Air Pollutants (Federal Clean Air 

Act §112) or the regulations promulgated thereunder. 

(12) “Stationary Internal Combustion Engine (Stationary ICE)” − Any ICE which is 

not a Portable ICE or any ICE registered in the State-wide Portable Equipment 

Program. 

(13) “Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)” − Any volatile compound containing the 

element carbon which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, 

excluding methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic 

carbides or carbonates, ammonium carbonate and those compounds listed in 40 

CFR 51.100(s)(1). 
1110.2-4 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(C) Requirements

(1) General Emissions Limits 

(a) The owner or operator of any Stationary ICE subject to this rule shall: 

(i) Replace any such ICE with an electric motor; or 

(ii) Remove the ICE from service, permanently; or 

(iii) Ensure that the emissions from such ICE do not exceed the 

emission limits of TABLE I. 

Table I 

GENERAL ICE EMISSIONS LIMITS 

NOx VOC CO 

36 ppm* 250 ppm* 2000 ppm* 

* Corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry gas basis and averaged over a 15-minute interval. 

(2) Alternative Emission Limits for NOx and VOC 

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (C)(1) above the owner or 

operator of any of the following: 

(i) An electric-power-generating engine, 

(ii) A landfill-gas- or sewage-digester-gas-fueled engine, 

(iii) An engine used to drive a water supply or conveyance pump except 

for aeration facilities, 

(iv) An oil field-produced-gas-fired engine, 

(v) An integral engine-compressor application operating less than 

4000 hours per calendar year, or 

(vi) A liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fueled engine 

(b) May, in lieu of compliance with subsection (C)(1)(c) above; 

(i) Ensure that the emissions from such ICE do not exceed the 

emissions limits of carbon monoxide (CO) of Table I, and 

(ii) Ensure that the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and VOC 

(measured as methane from such engines) do not exceed the 

Alternate Compliance Limit calculated as follows: 
AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-5

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

Alternate Compliance Limit = Reference Limit x EEF/25% 

Where: 

Alternate Compliance Limit = Allowable NOx or VOC emissions 

(ppm by volume) 

Reference Limit = The NOx or VOC reference emission 

limit (ppm by volume) for various 

bhp ICEs corrected to fifteen percent 

(15%) oxygen on a dry gas basis and 

averaged over fifteen (15) 

consecutive minutes as listed in 

Table II 

TABLE II 

REFERENCE EMISSIONS LIMITS

Bhp Rating NOx VOC 

500 bhp and greater 36 ppm 250 ppm 

50 to 500 bhp 45 ppm 250 ppm 

And, 

 3413 x 100% 

EFF = 

 Actual Heat Rate at HHV of Fuel (Btu/kW-hr) 

or 

 LHV

EFF = (Manufacturer's Rated Efficiency at LHV) x ______

 HHV
1110.2-6 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

EFF = 

The demonstrated percent efficiency at full load when averaged over 15 

consecutive minutes of the ICE only, as calculated, within 30 days of the 

first source test, without consideration of any downstream energy 

recovery from the actual heat rate, (Btu/kW-hr) or 1.34 (Btu/hp-hr); 

corrected to the HHV (higher heating value) of the fuel as measured at 

peak load for that facility; or the manufacturer's continuous rated 

percent efficiency (manufacturer's rated efficiency) of the ICE after 

correction from LHV (lower heating value) to the HHV of the fuel, 

whichever efficiency is higher. The value of EFF shall not be less than 

25 percent. ICEs having lower efficiencies will be assigned a 25-

percent efficiency for this calculation. 

(3) Portable ICE Emission Limit 

(a) The owner or operator of any Portable ICE subject to this rule shall: 

(i) Register the ICE with the CARB State-wide Portable Equipment 

Program, successfully obtaining a valid certificate for the ICE; or 

(ii) For spark-ignited ICEs comply with the following emissions limits 

in TABLE III below: 

TABLE III 

 SPARK-IGNITION PORTABLE ICEs COMPLIANCE LIMITS

NOx VOC CO 

80 ppm* 240 ppm* 176 ppm*

* Corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry gas basis and averaged over a 15 minute interval. 

(iii) For compression-ignited ICEs comply with the following 

emissions limits in TABLE IV below. 

TABLE IV 

 PORTABLE COMPRESSION-IGNITED ICE LIMITS

Rated Brake Horsepower Requirements 

100 bhp > X < 117 bhp 770 ppm* NOx or a turbocharger and 4-

degree injection timing retard 

117 bhp > X < 400 bhp 550 ppm* NOx or a turbocharger and 

aftercooler/intercooler and 4-degree injection 

timing retard 

X > 400 bhp 535 ppm* NOx or a turbocharger and 

aftercooler/intercooler and 4-degree injection 

timing retard 

* Corrected to 15% oxygen on a dry gas basis and averaged over a 15 minute interval. 
AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-7

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(D) Compliance Schedule 

The owner or operator of any ICEs subject to this rule shall comply with the requirements 

of this rule in accordance with the following schedule: 

(1) For existing Stationary ICEs, the emissions limits of subsection (C)(1) or (2) shall 

apply. 

(2) For Portable ICEs operated pursuant to subsection (C)(3): 

(a) By December 31, 2009, the owner/operator shall complete stack 

modifications to facilitate source testing required pursuant to sections (E) 

and (F) of this rule. 

(3) Any new ICE that is not an existing ICE must be in compliance with the 

provisions of this and other applicable rules before being placed in service. 

(E) Monitoring 

(1) For stationary ICEs of 1000 bhp and greater, subject to the provisions of section 

(C) of this rule and operating more than two million bhp-hr per calendar year:

(a) CEMS Requirement

(i) The owner/operator shall install, operate and maintain in 

calibration a NOx continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) 

as approved by the APCO to demonstrate compliance within the 

emission limits of this rule. 

(ii) Measurement and Recording − This system shall include 

equipment that measures and records exhaust gas NOx

concentrations, corrected to 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis. 

(iii) CEMS System Requirements − CEMS shall meet the requirements 

described in 40 CFR Part 60, particularly those in Appendix B, 

Spec. 2 and Appendix F. 

(iv) CEMS Reporting Requirements - CEMS reporting shall be as 

prescribed in 40 CFR Part 60.7(c), 60.7(d) and 60.13, with NOx 

reported after corrections to 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis. 

(b) Alternative Monitoring Device or Equipment, in lieu of CEMS 

(i) The owner/operator of an ICE that is required to install CEMS may 

request in writing to the APCO approval of an alternative 

monitoring device (or system components) to demonstrate 

compliance with the limits of this rule. 
1110.2-8 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(ii) The applicant shall demonstrate to the APCO that the proposed 

monitoring device is, at a minimum, comparable in relative 

accuracy, precision, reliability and timeliness to a CEMS for that 

ICE, on a case-by-case basis; or 

(iii) The APCO may approve, on a case-by-case basis, criteria for 

equipment which is equivalent to the criteria specified in 40 CFR 

75, Subpart E. 

(iv) Such alternative monitoring device, equipment or procedure must 

be approved in writing by the APCO and obtain a valid permit to 

operate with the District. The approval shall include a monitoring 

plan that includes, at a minimum, equipment specifications, 

monitoring, record keeping, compliance testing and reporting 

requirements. 

(2) For stationary ICEs of less than 1,000 bhp and stationary ICEs of greater than 

1,000 bhp operating less than two million bhp-hr per calendar year which are 

subject to the provisions of section (C) of this rule: 

(a) Quarterly Screening Analysis 

(i) The owner/operator shall inspect each engine each calendar quarter 

in which compliance testing is not required pursuant to subsection 

(F)(1)(c) of this rule with a portable NOx analyzer to determine 

compliance with the emissions limits contained in section (C) of 

this rule.

(ii) An instrument reading in excess of the emission limit contained in 

section (C) of this rule shall not be considered a violation of this 

rule, so long as the problem is corrected and a follow-up inspection 

is conducted within fifteen (15) days of the initial inspection. 

(iii) Instrument readings, a determination of whether or not the engine 

is in compliance, a description of corrective action(s) taken, and 

the initials of the person recording the reading shall be recorded on 

an inspection log and kept in accordance with the provisions of 

section (G) of this rule. 

(b) Alternate Screening Analysis 

(i) The owner/operator of an ICE that is required to be inspected 

pursuant to subsection (E)(2)(a) above may request the APCO, in 

writing, for approval of an alternate screening analysis to 

demonstrate compliance with the emissions limits contained in 

section (C) of this rule.

(ii) The application for an alternate screening analysis shall include: 

a. A listing of each engine, its permit number and location 

which is to be subject to the alternate screening analysis. 
AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-9

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

b. A specific emission inspection procedure to assure that the 

engine is operated in compliance with the provisions of this 

rule. Inspections shall be conducted every quarter or after 

every 2,000 hours of engine operations whichever is less, 

but in no case less than quarterly.

c. A description and schedule of preventative maintenance 

procedures or practices which will be used to maintain the 

engine(s) in compliance with the provisions of this rule. 

(3) Data Gathering/Retrieval Capability − Any monitoring system shall have data 

gathering and retrieval capability approved by the APCO. Data shall be 

maintained for at least two years and made available for inspection by the APCO.

(F) Equipment and Compliance Testing Requirements 

(1) All ICEs subject to this rule shall: 

(a) Elapsed Time Meter − Have operational non-resettable totalizing time (in 

hours) meters to determine the ICE’s elapsed operating time. 

(b) Fuel Meter – Have a non-resettable fuel meter or acceptable alternative as 

approved by the APCO, to determine fuel consumption.

(c) Compliance Testing − Provide source test information regarding the 

exhaust gas; specifically for NOx, VOC reported as methane, and CO 

concentrations (concentrations in ppm by volume, corrected to 15 percent 

oxygen on dry basis) according to the following schedule: 

(i) Once each 8,760 hours of operation or once every twenty-four (24) 

months whichever period is shorter; 

(ii) Compliance testing shall be conducted under conditions that are 

typical of normal engine load and duty cycle 

(iii) The compliance test shall be conducted and the report received at 

the District not less than 90 days prior to the ICE’s permit renewal 

date

(G) Record Keeping and Reporting 

(1) Record Keeping − The owner/operator of any ICE shall maintain an engine 

operating log that includes, on a monthly basis: 

(a) The total hours of operation for each day of operation; and 

(b) Type and quantity of fuel used (liquid/gas); and 
1110.2-10 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(c) The cumulative hours of operation since the last source test required in 

subparagraph (F)(1)(c); and 

(d) The purpose or reason for operating the engine for each day of operation. 

(e) The results of any screening analysis or alternative screening analysis if 

required pursuant to subsection (E)(2). 

(2) Reporting – Required records and data shall be available for inspection any time, 

remain at the facility for 2 years, and upon request, be submitted to the APCO at 

the end of each calendar year in a manner and form approved by the APCO. 

(H) Compliance Test Methods 

(1) NOx emissions subject to the provisions of this rule shall be determined by the 

procedure detailed in EPA Test Method 7E. 

(2) CO emissions by EPA Test Method 10. 

(3) VOC emissions by EPA Test Method 25, 25A or 25B. 

(4) Other test methods determined to be equivalent after review by the staffs of the 

District, California Air Resources Board, and the United States Environmental 

Protection Agency, and approved in writing by the Air Pollution Control Officer, 

may also be used to determine compliance with provisions of this rule. 

(I) Exemptions 

(1) The provisions of paragraphs (C), (D), (E), (F), (G) and (H) shall not apply to: 

(a) ICEs used directly and exclusively by the owner/operator for agricultural 

operations necessary for the growing of crops or raising of fowl or 

animals. 

(b) ICEs operated for purposes of performance verification and testing. 

(c) Auxiliary ICEs used to power other ICEs or gas turbines during start-ups. 

(d) Portable ICEs that are registered under the California State-wide Portable 

Equipment Registration Program pursuant to Health & Safety Code §§ 

41750 through 41755. 

(2) The provisions of paragraphs (C), (D), (E), (F)(1)(c), and (H) shall not apply to: 

(a) The operation of any ICE during the existence of any officially declared 

disaster or state of emergency. 
AVAQMD Rule 1110.2 1110.2-11

Emissions from Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

(b) Emergency ICEs which operate less than 200 hours per year as determined 

by an elapsed operating time meter. 

(c) Non-road engines. 

(e) Laboratory ICEs used in research and testing purposes. 

(f) Supplemental ICEs which operate for the manufacture of snow and/or 

operation of ski lifts, during seasonal operations (November 1 through 

April 15). 

[SIP: Submitted as amended on 01/21/03 on 04/01/03; Submitted as amended 05/15/01 on 

12/14/01; Submitted as amended 12/9/94 on 4/13/95; Submitted as adopted 8/3/90 on 4/5/91] 
1110.2-12 AVAQMD Rule 1110.2

 Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & 

Portable Internal Combustion Engines 

This page intentionally left blank.