# Patent

## Title
Collection device and material

## Abstract

Swabs, and materials of the present disclosure, and methods of making same, include randomly arranged sea-island bicomponent fibers.

## Background
The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/849,250 (U.S. Pat. No. 8,420,385), filed Aug. 3, 2010 (published as US-2011-0262951-A 1), which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/326,466, filed Apr. 21, 2010, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.


TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure describes a swab, and collection material for use therein, for collecting biological specimens.
BACKGROUND
Devices, such as swabs, for collecting biological specimens of organic material are known in the field of clinical and diagnostic analyses, which generally include a cylindrical rod or stick containing on a collection end or tip a wad of fiber material, such as rayon or a natural fiber such as cotton, with hydrophilic properties to allow rapid absorption of the quantity of specimen to be collected and tested. Stable adherence of the fiber wrapped around the end or tip of the rod or stick is generally achieved by gluing.
Collection swabs containing the collected material are often immersed in a culture media, such as in a test tube, vial, culture dish, or culture bottle, soon or immediately after collection to preserve and conserve the collected specimen during storage and/or transport to, for example, an analytical laboratory. Collection swabs and devices of the prior art are described, for example, in EP0643131 and WO2004/086979.
SUMMARY
Devices, such as swabs, and materials of the present disclosure, and methods of making same, include randomly arranged sea-island bicomponent fibers.
The present disclosure provides a swab for collecting and releasing a biological sample containing an applicator and sea-island bicomponent fibers,
The swab of present disclosure contain fibers attached to an end portion of the applicator, such as by adhesive.
The present disclosure provides a method of forming the swab of the disclosure which includes adhering the bicomponent fibers to the applicator.
The present disclosure provides a method of collecting a biological sample which includes contacting the swab of the disclosure with a source of biological material such that a sample of the material is retained by the swab.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 provides an end view of a bicomponent fiber of PET/PET.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of an experimental swab stick head.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Devices, such as swabs, and materials of the present disclosure, and methods of making same, include randomly arranged sea-island bicomponent fibers.
Materials of the present disclosure may be included as a high absorbency member of medical swab devices. The “splitable” flock fiber materials of the present disclosure attached to the end of a thin “stick-like” polymeric shaft are described and contemplated herein as swabs of the present disclosure.
The materials of the disclosure may include micro- and nano-fibers, such as bicomponent sea-island materials. Segmented pie materials may also be used. Bicomponent sea-island materials and segmented pie materials are known and described, for example in Ndaro et al Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, volume 2, Issue 4, 2007 “Splitting of Islands-in-the-Sea Fibers (PA6/COPET) During Hydroentanging of Nonwovens”; and Fedorova, Nataliya “Investigation of the Utility of Islands-in-the-sea Bicomponent Fiber Technology in the SpunBond Process” Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. (2006); as well as in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos.: 20100075143 (FIBER STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF), 20100068516 (THERMOPLASTIC FIBER WITH EXCELLENT DURABILITY AND FABRIC COMPRISING THE SAME), and 20100029158 (ISLANDS-IN-SEA TYPE COMPOSITE FIBER AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME), And WO2002042528 (A SEA-ISLAND TYPED COMPOSITE FIBER USED IN WARP KNITTING, AND A PROCESS OF PREPARING FOR THE SAME), WO2002042529 A SEA-ISLAND TYPE COMPOSITE FIBER FOR RAISED WARP KNIT FABRIC, AND A PROCESS OF PREPARING FOR THE SAME), WO2002088438 (A SEA-ISLAND TYPED CONJUGATE MULTI FILAMENT COMPRISING DOPE DYEING COMPONENT, AND A PROCESS OF PREPARING FOR THE SAME), and as are commercially available from, for example, Kolon Industry, Kumi City, Kyungbuk, Korea and generally described as ROJEL—polyester/polyester conjugated fiber yarn (sea/island) or SPECIAL TYPE OF ROJEL—polyester/nylon conjugated fiber yarn (sea/island); or Hyosung Corporation, Ulsan City, Kyungbuk, Korea and generally described as MIPAN XF—Nylon/polyester conjugated yarn (pie-wedge cross-section).
In the islands-in-sea type composite fiber of the presently described material, an easily soluble polymer is incorporated for the sea portion and preferably contains at least one polymer easily soluble in aqueous alkali solutions, such as polylactic acid, super high molecular weight polyalkyleneoxide-condensate polymers, polyethyleneglycol compound-copolymerized polyesters, and copolymerized polyesters of polyethylene glycol (PAG) compounds with 5-sodium sulfoisophthalic acid or dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (DMIS). Polyester sea materials may include alkali soluble copolymer polyester materials with polyester mainly containing polyethylene terephthalate of more than 90 mole percent as island component (such as is described, for example, in WO2002042528, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference).
The islands-in-sea type bicomponent composite fiber of the present disclosure contains a sea part containing or composed of polymer of greater solubility than a plurality of island parts containing or composed of a less soluble polymer, in the cross-sectional profile of which the number of the island parts is about 10, 24, 36, 37, 64 or 240 islands per fiber, or ranges of islands per fiber between any of 10, 24, 36, 37, 64, 240 or 3000 islands per fiber.
The island component of the bicomponent composite fiber of the present disclosure may be a polyamide, such as nylon, or a polyester. Examples of the polyamide include polymers having an amide bond, such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, and nylon 12. The polyester is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer synthesized from dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative and diol or an ester-forming derivative thereof and can be used as the fiber. Specific examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, polyethylene-1,2-bis(2-chlorophenoxy)ethane-4,4′-dicarboxylate and the like. In an embodiment of the present invention, a polyethylene terephthalate or a polyester copolymer containing mainly an ethylene terephthalate unit, may be used.
The islands-in-sea type bicomponent composite fiber of the present disclosure have a linear mass density in the range of about 1-7 deniers, alternatively in the range of about 2 to 6 deniers or the range of 2 to 5.8 deniers (or 2.22 to 6.49 dtex) wherein a denier is the mass in grams per 9000 meters of fiber and dtex is the mass in grams per 10,000 meters. The diameter (ø, in centimeters) of a bicomponent composite fiber may be estimated from the following formula, wherein ρ represents a materials density in grams per cubic centimeter:




  ∅
  =
  
    
      
        4
        ×
        
          
            10
            
              -
              6
            
          
          ·
          dtex
        
      
      πρ
    
  




Estimating the fiber specific gravity as being equal to 1 (specific gravity values of common fiber polymers according to Gafe et al (“Polymeric Nanofibers and Nanofiber Webs: A New Class of Nonwovens” INTC 2002: International Nonwovens Technical Conference (Joint INDA—TAPPI Conference), Atlanta, Ga., Sep. 24-26, 2002) are as follows: 0.92 (polypropylene or PP), 1.14 (polyamide 66 or nylon or PA66) and 1.38 (polyethylene terephthalate or PET)), the diameter of bicomponent composite fiber of the present disclosure having a linear mass density in the range of 2 to 5.8 deniers would be about 16.7 μm to 28.6 μm.
The islands of the bicomponent composite fibers of the present disclosure have a mass linear density of about 0.01 to about 0.3 deniers, or about 0.05 to about 0.2 deniers, or about 0.06 to about 0.16 deniers, depending on the linear mass density of the bicomponent composite fibers of the present disclosure.
The islands-in-sea type bicomponent composite fibers of the material of the present disclosure have a length, or cut length, of about 10 to about 100 thousandths of an inch (about 254 μm to about 2,540 μm), or about 20 to about 90 thousandths of an inch, or about 20 to about 80 thousandths of an inch, or about 20 to about 70 thousandths of an inch, or about 20 to about 60 thousandths of an inch.
The islands-in-sea type bicomponent composite fibers of the material of the swabs of the present disclosure are not split. The seas of the islands-in-sea type bicomponent composite fibers of the material of the swabs of the present disclosure are not dissolved or removed from the islands of the composite fibers.
FIG. 1 is a scanning photograph of an example of a fiber of the present disclosure wherein ends of the bicomponent composite fibers is illustrated and the sea of the fiber is intact and not dissolved or removed.
The bicomponent composite fibers of the material of the present disclosure are preferably randomly arranged.
The number of fibers on a swab of the present disclosure may be evaluated by light microscope (Amscope) at 180× power with a 1 mm calibration scale (NIST) in conjunction with a video camera (Amscope 3.0 megapixel) and suitable video analysis software, such as for example, Version 3.0.12.498 Amscope video software calibrated to 180×.
A swab of the present disclosure, which includes material of the present disclosure, may be any shape adapted for collection, and optional retention, of biological samples from a host directly or already collected biological fluid or sample. Shapes and sizes of such devices are known in the art. The swab of the present disclosure is constructed of materials known in the art, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The swab of the present disclosure is such that the material of the present disclosure may be attached to the applicator of the swab through an adhesive during a flocking technique known in the art.
An applicator of the swab of the present disclosure may be a rod or rod-like thermoplastic substrate wherein one end is coated, partially, substantially or completely, with an adhesive to anchor or hold fibers of the present disclosure to the substrate in an initial arrangement generally perpendicular to the substrate and generally parallel to adjacent fibers to thereby create, for example, a bristle or bristly end on the substrate.
In a method of making devices according to the present disclosure, individual, loose or connected substrate, such as applicator shafts, sticks or rods have adhesive applied by at least one adhesive applicator container, block, head, nozzle, or roller by, for example, spraying, dipping, rolling, printing or a combination thereof, optionally in a metered fashion, under pressure or by gravity, and in a manner which may or may not include any combination of linear and/or rotational, such as by axial rotation or spinning, of the adhesive applicator relative to the applicator.
In the flocking technique of the present disclosure, an electric field of alternating or direct current is applied to the fibers in a manner know in the art to organize and transport charged fibers to opposite charged adhesive-covered substrate such that the fibers are held in place by the tackiness or adhesive strength of the adhesive, only in areas where the adhesive has been applied to produce flock fiber tipped applicators, or swabs of the disclosure. The technique may include movement of the substrate, linearly and/or rotationally, such as by axial rotation or spinning, at any time or throughout the process of applying fibers to the adhesive. Where further curing of the adhesive, such as by light or heat, is required, the flock fiber tipped applicator swab may be treated with light and/or heat so as to cure the adhesive.
Swabs of the disclosure may contain approximately 104 to approximately 1010, or approximately 104 to approximately 109, or approximately 104 to approximately 108, or approximately 104 to approximately 107, or approximately 104 to approximately 106, or approximately 104 to approximately 105, flock fibers per substrate.
The adhesive of the present disclosure is not particularly limited and general and photo or heat cured acrylic-based, polyurethane-based, polyamide-based, polyester-based, vinyl-based and/or two-part epoxy adhesives may be used. Silicones, cyanoacrylates, polyurethanes and/or latex adhesives may be used. Polyurethane adhesive are generally known and available, such as from K&W Adhesive Products.
The swabs of the present disclosure are adapted or designed for collection of, for example, biological samples from oral, nasal, ocular, rectal, urethral, or vaginal orifices of a mammal, such as a human, or patient.
The swabs may be used and is designed for collection of a biological specimen by contact with the fibers of the device such that the device may collect, for example, about 35 to about 200 μl, such as 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 or 190 μl, without causing damage or substantial discomfort to the patient during specimen collection.
The swabs of the present disclosure is useful for and in a method of collecting biological specimens. A swab of the present disclosure is of the type containing a rod terminating with a tip covered in the fibers described herein to allow absorption of said specimens, wherein the fibers cover or substantially cover the tip in the form of a layer applied by means of flocking.
The present disclosure further provides a method of collecting a biological sample which includes contacting a swab as described herein with a source of biological material such that a sample of the material is retained by the swab.
The swabs of the disclosure may be provided, for example, as a component part of a collection, transport, culture and/or transport kit or device wherein additional specimen handling containers and/or devices are included and the swab of the present disclosure is specially adapted to be integrated with such other container and/or devices to assure, for example, specimen retention, integrity and/or sterility.
The present disclosure provides a swab for collecting and releasing a biological sample containing sea-island bicomponent fibers. The swabs may further contain bicomponent fibers which are composed of a first polyester sea material and a second polyester island material; the first polyester may have a lower melting point than the second polyester and/or the first polyester may have a greater solubility in alkaline solution than the second polyester. The alkaline solution may more specifically be a sodium hydroxide solution—the sodium hydroxide solution may contain about 5% to about 50% by weight sodium hydroxide in water, or alternatively about 10% by weight sodium hydroxide in water. The alkaline solution wherein the first polyester sea material is more soluble than the second polyester sea material may be a heated alkaline solution—the heated alkaline solution alternatively having a temperature of about 170° F. to about 190° F., such as about 180° F.
The present disclosure provides a swab, wherein material described herein is attached to an end portion of an applicator stick or rod. The material may be adhered to the end of the applicator with an adhesive, and the adhesive may be a photocurable acrylic adhesive or a polyurethane adhesive.
The bicomponent fibers of the present disclosure may be composed of a polyethylene terephthalate sea material and a polyamide island material.
The bicomponent fibers of the present disclosure may be composed of or contain 10-3000 island parts per fiber, 10-240 island parts per fiber, 10-64 island parts per fiber, 10-37 island parts per fiber, 10-36 island parts per fiber, 10-24 island parts per fiber, and/or 24-36 island parts per fiber.
The present disclosure provides the fibrous material of the swab described herein. The fibrous material may be incorporated separately as a part of a device other than a swab, such as a filter or cleaning pad or brush.
The present disclosure provides a method of forming a swab of the disclosure involving adhering the bicomponent fibers to an applicator, such as a rod or stick, wherein the sea component of the fiber is not removed.
The following examples further illustrate the materials and methods of the disclosure without limiting same.
EXAMPLE 1
Swabs
A quantity of (about 30 or so) experimental medical swabs were prepared from ABS plastic “sticks” of Puritan Medical Products (Guilford, Me.) with 0.5 mm long (0.020′′, nominal length, as determined by a Flock-In-Spect flock fiber length optical measurement instrument) Nylon/PET sea/island type flock fiber. Two adhesive systems were employed in these experimental fabrications; the polyurethane rubber (K&W polyurethane adhesive—MECFLOCK L876/1, MEDCODUR H5530 two part polyurethane adhesive, mixed 85 grams L876/1 resin and 15 grams H5530 hardener—product of Kissel and Wolf; cured 3 hours at 110° C. or else cured 16 hours at 80° C.). and a UV photo-curable adhesive from Puritan Medical Products.
The following materials and instruments were used in fabrication: ABS (plastic) swab sticks (supplied by Puritan); Maag Flockmaschinen Motion (flock activity) Tester SPG 1000; K & W adhesive in a shallow aluminum dish (adhesive depth about 1 cm); photo-curable adhesive in light-blocked packet; flock screen sifter; and a supply of Nylon/PET 0.5 mm long Flock fibers
The experimental swabs were fabricated as follows. The flock activity tester's 4′′ diameter aluminum base plate is covered (by sifting) with about 2 grams of loose flock. This sample of loose flock was mounted on to the bottom electrode pedestal of the Flock Activity Tester. The end of the swab sticks were perpendicularly dipped into the fluid K & W adhesive to a depth of about 1 cm and slowly removed to produce end-coated swab-sticks. Some swab samples were made using photo-curable adhesive. Water-based acrylic (F1059B Lubrizol Corp.) flock adhesive and other water based adhesives could be used. A 3.5 KV/cm strength was applied to the DC electrodes of the Flock Activity Tester (upflocking machine). This causes the flock fibers to align themselves and actively move to the top electrode. As this flock is being propelled from the bottom to the top electrode, the adhesive coated tip plastic swab-stick is then placed in the “flock fiber cloud” about 1 cm from the bottom electrode (source of the activated flock fibers). While in the “flock fiber cloud”, the swab-stick was slowly rotated by rolling the stick held in gripping fingers.
Flock fibers fully adhered to the saturate at the (adhesive wet) end of the swab-stick after about a 2 to 5 second flock field immersion time. The swab adhesive was subsequently cured.
The average amount of adhesive and the average amount of flock applied to the ABS base (sticks) were determined by weight with the following results: average weight of “Bare” ABS sticks: 0.5644+/−0.00426 grams; average weight of K & W Adhesive on “Sticks” before flocking: 0.0046 grams; and average weight of PET/Nylon Flock on “Sticks”: 0.0135 grams. With an average of 0.0135 grams of sea/island flock fiber on each “stick” this translates to approximately 1.2×105 flock fibers per “stick”.
The water “pick-up” capabilities of the flocked medical swabs was determined by a procedure whereby a number of swab and “stick” materials were first weighed (dry). Then this same series of flocked swabs and “sticks” were immersed in room temperature (23° C.) water (tips only) for 5 seconds and then reweighed.
The percent water pick-ups of the various swab configurations were then compared. The results demonstrate that the “bare” ABS swab sticks pick-up or capture little or no water. The polyurethane adhesive coated (tip only) swabs picked up or captures a little water indicating that the adhesive is a more wettable surface that the “bare” ABS. The flocked fiber swab picked up or captured a measurable amount of water (8.95%).
Several fiber material types (of sea/island fiber) have been evaluated. The nylon/PET (Kolon) and PET/PET (Kolon-Rojel) fibers appear useful in the fiber flocked medical swab application of the present disclosure. While 0.5 mm long nylon/PET flock fiber were initially investigated, fibers of various sizes may be used and are contemplated.
The following two flock adhesives have been investigated: the two-package polyurethane (clear rubbery) and the photo-curable (clear film plastic) systems. Other adhesives are contemplated.
All literature and publications referred to and described herein are incorporated herein in their entirety.

## Claims

1. A swab constructed to collect and release a biological sample comprising a flock fiber tipped applicator wherein the flock fibers are sea-island bicomponent fibers, the bicomponent fibers being structurally stable in water and the sea component of the bicomponent flock fibers being intact, wherein said bicomponent fibers comprise 10-3000 island parts per fiber.

2. The swab of claim 1 wherein said bicomponent fibers comprise a first polyester sea material and a second polyester island material.

3. The swab of claim 2 wherein said first polyester has a lower melting point than said second polyester.

4. The swab of claim 2 wherein said first polyester has a greater solubility in alkaline solution than said second polyester.

5. The swab of claim 4 wherein the first polyester has a greater solubility in alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide, as compared to the second polyester.

6. The swab of claim 5 wherein the first polyester has greater solubility in an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide solution containing about 5% to about 50% by weight sodium hydroxide in water, as compared to the second polyester.

7. The swab of claim 6 wherein the first polyester has greater solubility in an alkaline solution of about 10% by weight sodium hydroxide in water, as compared to the second polyester.

8. The swab of claim 4 wherein the first polyester has greater solubility in a heated alkaline solution as compared to the second polyester.

9. The swab of claim 8 wherein the first polyester has greater solubility in an alkaline solution heated to a temperature of about 170° F. to about 190° F. as compared to the second polyester.

10. The swab of claim 1 wherein said bicomponent fibers comprise a polyethylene terephthalate sea material and a polyamide island material.

11. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 10-240 island parts per fiber.

12. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 10-64 island parts per fiber.

13. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 10-37 island parts per fiber.

14. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 10-36 island parts per fiber.

15. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 10-24 island parts per fiber.

16. The swab of claim 1 wherein said fibers comprise 24-36 island parts per fiber.

17. A method of forming the swab of claim 1 comprising adhering the bicomponent fibers to said applicator.

18. A method of collecting a biological sample comprising contacting the swab of claim 1 with a source of biological material such that a sample of the material is retained by the swab.

19. The swab of claim 1 wherein the fibers are attached to an end portion of said applicator.

20. The swab of claim 19 wherein said fibers are adhered to said end portion with an adhesive.

21. The swab of claim 20 wherein said adhesive is selected from the group consisting of a photocurable acrylic adhesive and a polyurethane adhesive.