No. 05-326 

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 

2006 MT 107N 

_______________________________________ 

CRAIG BUSS and LORNA BUSS, 

 Plaintiffs and Appellants, 

 v. 

BILL M. JONES and LOIS K. S. JONES, 

 Defendants and Respondents. 

______________________________________ 

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, 

 In and for the County of Missoula, Cause No. DV-03-896 

 The Honorable John S. Henson, Judge presiding. 

COUNSEL OF RECORD: 

 For Appellants: 

Carolynn M. Fagan and Zane Sullivan, Sullivan, Tabaracci & Rhoades, 

P.C., Missoula, Montana 

 For Respondents: 

Donald V. Snavely, Snavely Law Firm, Missoula, Montana 

____________________________________ 

Submitted on Briefs: April 19, 2006 

Decided: May 16, 2006 

Filed: 

______________________________________ 

Clerk 
Justice Brian Morris delivered the Opinion of the Court. 

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal 

Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be 

cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme 

Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in 

this Court's quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and 

Montana Reports. 

¶2 Craig and Lorna Buss (collectively Buss) appeal from the District Court’s Order 

granting the motion for summary judgment filed by Bill M. Jones and Lois K. S. Jones 

(collectively Jones) regarding Buss’s claim that Jones had agreed to sell Buss a parcel of 

real property in the Marvin Gardens Subdivision in Missoula. We reverse and remand. 

¶3 Buss argues that Jones agreed to sell Lot 3 of Marvin Gardens Subdivision in 

Missoula County in March 2000. Buss paid Jones a total of $50,000 for the property in 

three installments with the final payment occurring in October 2000. Buss contends that 

part of the oral agreement gave Jones exclusive right to build the house for Buss on the 

property. No written agreement memorialized this transaction. 

¶4 Jones agrees for purposes of the summary judgment motion that Jones and Buss 

had entered into a verbal agreement for the sale of Lot 3 in the spring of 2000. Jones 

further agrees that Buss made three installment payments totaling $50,000 and that Jones 

had an exclusive right to build a house for Buss on the property. Jones contends, 

however, that Buss had to perform two additional requirements before the parties could 

enter into a construction contract, namely, that Buss had to sell their existing home and 

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Buss had to provide the floor plans and details for the Buss’s new home in Marvin 

Gardens to Jones so that Jones could prepare building plans. Jones contends that Buss 

had failed to perform either of these requirements by October 2003 when Buss sold the 

lot to a third party. Buss disputes the existence of these additional requirements. 

¶5 We review de novo an order granting summary judgment. Cole v. Valley Ice 

Garden, L.L.C., 2005 MT 115, ¶ 16, 327 Mont. 99, ¶ 16, 113 P.3d 275, ¶ 16. We use the 

same standard used by the trial court, first whether issues of material fact exist and, if not, 

whether the moving party is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. Rule 

56(c), M.R.Civ.P. 

¶6 It is appropriate to decide this case pursuant to our Order of February 11, 2003, 

amending Section I.3 of our 1996 Internal Operating Rules and providing for 

memorandum opinions. It is manifest on the face of the briefs and record before us that 

the District Court improperly granted summary judgment in light of the existence of 

numerous issues of material fact, including whether the agreement between the parties 

required Buss to perform the additional requirements of selling their house and providing 

plans to Jones before the contract could be completed. The District Court appears to have 

resolved these disputed facts in granting summary judgment for Jones and the District 

Court thereby improperly substituted summary judgment for a trial on the merits of the 

content of the agreement between the parties. See Reaves v. Reinbold (1980), 189 Mont. 

284, 287-88, 615 P.2d 896, 898. 

¶7 Reversed and remanded. 

 /S/ BRIAN MORRIS 

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We Concur: 

/S/ KARLA M. GRAY 

/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART 

/S/ JIM RICE 

Justice Patricia O. Cotter dissents. 

¶8 I dissent. While as a general rule, we do not dispose of cases on theories neither 

raised by the parties nor addressed by the district court, I would invoke an exception here. 

As we have said previously, “a court may consider an issue ‘antecedent to . . . and 

ultimately dispositive of’ the dispute before it, even an issue the parties fail to identify 

and brief.” Leichtfuss v. Dabney, 2005 MT 271, ¶ 37, n.8, 329 Mont. 129, ¶ 37, n.8, 122 

P.3d 1220, ¶ 37, n.8 (quoting United States Nat. Bank of Ore. v. Independent Ins. Agents 

of America, Inc. (1993), 508 U.S. 439, 447, 113 S.Ct. 2173, 2178, 124 L.Ed.2d 402). 

Here, there is an antecedent statute that is “ultimately dispositive” of the case before us, 

and I would apply it even though neither the parties nor the District Court did so. 

¶9 This case falls squarely under the Statute of Frauds. Section 28-2-903(1), MCA, 

provides that certain agreements “are invalid unless the same or some note or 

memorandum thereof is in writing and subscribed by the party to be charged . . . .” This 

rule applies to any agreement for the sale of real property or any interest therein. Section 

28-2-903(1)(d), MCA. Here, there is no written memorandum of the agreement to buy 

and sell real estate. Thus, I would apply the Statute of Frauds and affirm the District 

Court under a right result—wrong reason rationale. I dissent from our refusal to do so. 

/S/ PATRICIA COTTER 

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