No. 06-14-00210-CR

______________________________________________________________________________ 

IN THE SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS 

TEXARKANA, TEXAS 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

ZACKERY JAMARCIER SUMMAGE 

Appellant, 

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS 

Appellee. 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

Appealed from the 71st District Court of 

Harrison County, Texas 

Trial Cause No. 14-0058X 

______________________________________________________________________________ 

APPELLEE’S BRIEF

______________________________________________________________________________ 

Timothy J. Cariker 

Assistant District Attorney 

State Bar No. 24009942 

Harrison County District Attorney’s Office 

200 West Houston Street 

Marshall, Texas 75670 

Telephone: 903-935-8408

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE 

STATE OF TEXAS 

ACCEPTED

06-14-00210-CR

SIXTH COURT OF APPEALS

TEXARKANA, TEXAS

4/23/2015 5:19:28 PM

DEBBIE AUTREY

CLERK

 FILED IN 6th COURT OF APPEALS TEXARKANA, TEXAS 4/24/2015 9:00:00 AM DEBBIE AUTREY Clerk
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IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL

Appellant certifies that the following is a complete list of all parties to the trial court’s 

judgment and the names and addresses of their trial and appellate counsel.

1. Presiding Judge: Honorable Brad Morin

71st Judicial District

Marshall, Texas 75670

2. Appellant: Zackery Jamarcier Summage

3. Appellant’s Counsel (at trial): Cheryl Cooper-Sammons

Attorney at Law

P.O. Box 8517

Marshall, TX 75671

4. Appellant’s Counsel (on appeal) Troy Hornsby

Miller, James, Miller & Hornsby

1725 Galleria Oaks Drive

Texarkana, TX 75503

5. State’s Counsel (at trial): Shaun Connally & Johnathan Hyatt

Harrison County District Attorney

200 West Houston Street

Marshall, Texas 75670

6. State’s Counsel (on appeal): Timothy J. Cariker

Assistant District Attorney

Coke Solomon

District Attorney

Harrison County District Attorney

200 West Houston Street

Marshall, Texas 75670
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Identity of Parties and Counsel ........................................................................................................i

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ii

Index of Authorities ........................................................................................................................1

Issues Presented.................................................................................................2

Statement of the Case .....................................................................................................................3

Statement of Facts............................................................................................................................4

Summary of Argument....................................................................................................................7

Argument and Authorities

I). BASED ON THE SUPPLEMENTAL RECORD FILED BY THE DISTRICT 

CLERK, ISSUES ONE AND THREE ARE MOOT BECAUSE IT CONTAINS 

BOTH THE APPELLANT’S AND THE STATES’ JURY LISTS WITH 

ACCOMPANYING STRIKES .........................................................8

II). THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN 

COMMENCING THE TRIAL AFTER THE APPELLANT HAD 

VOLUNTARILY ABSENTED THE PROCEEDINGS 

.......................................................................................................................9

A). Standard of Review ..........................................................................................9

B). Argument and Authorities................................................................................9

Prayer for Relief.............................................................................................................................13

Certificate of Compliance..............................................................................................................13

Certificate of Service.....................................................................................................................14
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INDEX OF AUTHORITIES

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Moore v. State, 670 S.W.2d 259, 261 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984)......................... .................9

Texas Court of Appeals

Hudson v. State, 128 S.W.3d 367, 375 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, no pet.).....................9

Nauls v. State, 762 S.W. 2d 336 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 1988) ................................9, 11

Papakostas v. State, 26 145 S.W.3d 723, 725 n.2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.)...9

Sanchez v. State, 842 S.W. 2d 732 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 1992) ............................10, 11

Vasquez Mata v. State, 2002 WL 1765582 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2002)................10, 12
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ISSUES PRESENTED

I. BASED ON THE SUPPLEMENTAL RECORD FILED BY THE DISTRICT 

CLERK, ISSUES ONE AND THREE ARE MOOT BECAUSE IT CONTAINS 

BOTH THE APPELLANT’S AND THE STATES’ JURY LISTS WITH 

ACCOMPANYING STRIKES

II. THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN COMMENCING 

THE TRIAL AFTER THE APPELLANT HAD VOLUNTARILY ABSENTED 

THE PROCEEDINGS
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STATEMENT OF THE CASE

The Appellant was charged by indictment with the offense of Assault of a Public Servant alleged to 

have occurred on October 15, 2013. (CC-2). Voir Dire commenced on November 3, 2014. (RR2). 

Trial on the merits commenced on November 6, 2014. (RR3). At the conclusion of the trial the 

Appellant was sentenced to 8 years incarceration. (RR3 – 207).
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STATEMENT OF FACTS

Since one of the Appellant’s issues involves the court’s decision to start trial while the Appellant was 

absent, it is important to look at the Appellant’s actions at both voir dire and trial on the merits.

At voir dire, the court called the case and discovered the Appellant was not present. (RR 2-4). The 

state moved for a bond forfeiture. (RR 2-4). The court informed counsel that if the Appellant was 

not present by 9:00a.m. that the bond forfeiture would issue. (RR 2-5). Later counsel for the 

Appellant informed the court that the Appellant had appeared.

At trial on the merits the following discussion occurred before the jury panel was brought in:

MRS COOPER-SAMMONS: Your Honor, I haven’t seen my client. I can check my 

phone. I was on the third floor looking at a video that was just recently presented to 

me as the edited tape on this case. My client did text me earlier to say he was on his 

way. I know he’s coming from the Shreveport area, Your Honor.

THE COURT: I’m ready to proceed. And I have – I mean, this showing up late 

every single time is getting really tiring, Ms. Cooper-Sammons. And I know that he 

was like this the other day, so.....

MS. COOPER-SAMMONS: I will just go ahead – if you would give me a moment 

just to text him and let him know that we’re starting the trial. If you would allow me 

that courtesy to text him that information.

THE COURT: I will.

MS. COOPER-SAMMONS: Thank you.

THE COURT: His other option is he can be bond forfeited and he can sit in jail until 

we get another jury.
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MR. CONNALLY: Well, I’m moving for a bond forfeiture at this time judge.

MS. COOPER-SAMMONS: If I can just have a moment to call him and see where 

he is, Your Honor.

THE COURT: You can do that. I’m still going to issue a bond forfeiture. Mr. 

Denny, I need you to call for the defendant, Zachery Summage.

THE BAILIFF: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: You can – if you wish to call him Ms. Cooper-Sammons.

(Pause in Proceedings)

MS. COOPER-SAMMONS: I was able to speak to my client. He says he’s ten 

minutes away.

THE COURT: You know, his liberty’s at stake, Ms. COOPER-Sammons, and I 

instructed him to be here at 8:30. So when Mr. Denny comes back, a bond forfeiture 

will issue if he does not appear. I will make sure that he’s give us the rest of the day. 

I can do that.

MS. COOPER-SAMMONS: Okay. Your Honor, he did also let me know something 

came up with his mother and as an extenuating circumstance, that he had to assist her 

in some issue. She’s got a medical condition, and he had to assist her to do 

something this morning, and that’s why he is late. That’s all I can tell you, Your 

Honor.

MR. CONNALLY: And did not deem it worthy to contact either his lawyer or the 

Court to inform anyone of said situation.

THE COURT: Mr. Denny, was there any response for Zachery Summage?

THE BAILIFF: No response, Your Honor.

THE COURT: Bond Forfeiture will be issued. Bring in the jury please.

THE BAILIFF: Yes, sir.

(Jury enters the courtroom)

(Open court, no defendant, jury present).
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THE COURT: I need for the jury to please remain standing. If your raise your right 

hands.

(Jury sworn.)

Once the jury was sworn they heard the following facts:

The State proved that Zachery Summage’s automobile was broken down on the side of the 

interstate. (RR3, 24). A tow truck driver, who was attempting to assist Summage, smelled 

marijuana and contacted the police. (RR 3, 26-29). A sheriff’s deputy obtained Summage’s 

permission to search Summage’s automobile. (RR 3, 56). The deputy located a small 

amount of marijuana and $8,000 - $10, 000 in cash. (RR 3, 62). Summage grabbed the cash 

from the deputy, struck the deputy in the face with his fist and fled to nearby wood with the 

cash. (RR 3, 67).
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SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT

Having been convicted of Assault of a Public Servant and sentenced to 8 years incarceration, the 

Appellant raises three issues on appeal. Issues one and three deal with jury selection. Issue two 

deals with the Appellant’s absence at the start of the trial on the merits. 

In Issues one and three Appellant submits error may have occurred because the record did not reflect 

whether peremptory strikes had been made and whether the first twelve eligible panelists had been 

seated. The supplemental clerk’s record shows that the peremptory strikes were used and the first 

twelve eligible jurors were seated. As such these points are moot.

In Issue two, Appellant claims error occurred because the court started trial on the merits without the 

Appellant being present. The record reflects that the Appellant through counsel was given a choice 

and elected on behalf of the Appellant to proceed on the merits. As such this point should be 

overruled.
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ISSUE NUMBER ONE

I. BASED ON THE SUPPLEMENTAL RECORD FILED BY THE DISTRICT CLERK, 

ISSUES ONE AND THREE ARE MOOT BECAUSE IT CONTAINS BOTH THE 

APPELLANT’S AND THE STATES’ JURY LISTS WITH ACCOMPANYING 

STRIKES

In Issue one the Appellant raises potential error based on the record not reflecting the exercise of 

peremptory challenges. On Issue three the Appellant raises potential error over whether the record 

reflects the first twelve eligible panelists were seated. The supplemental clerk’s record addresses 

Issue one at pages 10 – 11 and Issue three at pages 4 – 6. Based on this these the two issues are 

moot, and should be overruled.
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ISSUE NUMBER TWO

I. THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT ABUSE ITS DISCRETION IN COMMENCING THE 

TRIAL AFTER THE APPELLANT HAD VOLUNTARILY ABSENTED THE 

PROCEEDINGS

A) Standard of Review

An appellate court should review the trial court's determination that a defendant is voluntarily 

absent for abuse of discretion. Papakostas v. State, 26 145 S.W.3d 723, 725 n.2 (Tex. App.—

Corpus Christi 2004, no pet.) (citing Moore v. State, 670 S.W.2d 259, 261 (Tex. Crim. App. 

1984) (en banc)). In most cases, appellate courts must determine from hindsight the validity of 

the trial court's voluntariness determination. Hudson v. State, 128 S.W.3d 367, 375 (Tex. 

App.—Texarkana 2004, no pet.). In this review, courts are not limited only to the record before 

the trial court at the time of its ruling. Moore v. State, 670 S.W.2d 259, 261 (Tex. Crim. App. 

1984). As long as there is "some evidence" supporting the trial court's determination, the 

appellate court should not disturb the ruling absent evidence from the defendant showing that his 

absence was involuntary. Moore v. State, 670 S.W.2d 259, 261 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984).

B) Argument and Authorities

The Appellant properly raises whether this issue has been preserved for review. The general rule is 

that when a trial court proceeds without the presence of the accused then counsel must preserve the 

potential error. Moore v. State, 670 S.W.2d 259, 261 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (oral motion for 24 

hour continuance); Nauls v. State, 762 S.W. 2d 336 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 1988) (oral motion 
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for continuance); Sanchez v. State, 842 S.W. 2d 732 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 1992) (oral motion 

for continuance); Vasquez Mata v. State, 2002 WL 1765582 (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2002) 

(Request for continuance). In the Appellant’s case the Appellant claims the following was a request 

for a continuance:

“Your Honor, I haven’t seen my client. I can check my phone. I was on the 

third floor looking at a video that was just recently presented to me as the edited tape 

on this case. My client did text me earlier to say he was on his way. I know he’s 

coming from the Shreveport area, Your Honor.”

A review of this statement never reveals a sentence ending in a question mark which would denote a 

request. In fact counsel is not making a request, but instead is making statements providing 

information. In fact it is in the next statement to the court where counsel seems to make a request, 

and it is not for a continuance which is as follows:

“I will just go ahead – if you would give me a moment just to text him and let 

him know that we’re starting the trial. If you would allow me that courtesy to text 

him that information.”

Reading the two statements by counsel reveals that no request for a continuance was made 

nor was an objection made with regards to proceeding with the trial on the merits. As such 

mothing has been preserved for review and this point of error should be overruled.

Assuming the Court disagrees and finds error was preserved, Appellee submits the court did 

not abuse its discretion based on the following:
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1. The court presented counsel with an alternative which was rejected;

2. The Appellant by prior conduct had expressed an ambivalent attitude to proceedings; 

3. Cases where Appellant’s developed a plausible excuse have not been reversed on appeal.

In the Appellant’s case the court stated to counsel the following:

“His other option is he can be bond forfeited and he can sit in jail until we get another 

jury.”

To this option counsel responded that they would try to contact their client which means counsel had 

rejected the option for a mistrial which at that moment was a viable alternative. Based on this 

rejection, it cannot be held that the court abused its discretion by proceeding. 

Prior to the trial on the merits, the Appellant was not on time for voir dire proceedings. This taken in 

to account with the inability to appear timely for the trial on the merits shows that the Appellant was 

ambivalent towards the case. As stated in Sanchez, at some point the accused has some 

responsibility when the Court said “The busy trial courts of our state cannot stop the wheels of an 

already burdened criminal justice system because the defendant chooses to be absent.....In a day of 

modern communication systems an absent defendant has some responsibility...” Sanchez 842 S.W. 

2d at 733. In the Appellant’s case, the Appellant did nothing to take a responsible approach, so it 

cannot be held the court abused its discretion by proceeding.

In Nauls, the record from the motion for new trial showed that the Appellant’s girlfriend had to be 

taken to hospital on the morning of the trial, and an emergency procedure on the morning of the trial, 

and that it was what caused the Appellant’s absence. Nauls, 762 S.W. 2d at 388. The Court held it 
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was not an abuse of discretion, and the Court would not disturb the trial court’s ruling. In Vasquez 

Mata, similar facts involving a hospital visit occurred; yet, again it was not an abuse of discretion to 

proceed. In the Appellant’s case there is a vague allusion to a family member and a medical 

condition, but as discussed above this did not make Appellant’s absence involuntary.
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PRAYER FOR RELIEF

Based on the foregoing, the Appellee prays that the Appellant’s conviction and sentence be affirmed.

Respectfully Submitted,

Timothy J. Cariker, Assistant District Attorney

Harrison County District Attorney

200 West Houston Street

Marshall, Texas 75670

By: /S/ Timothy J. Cariker

_______________________________

Timothy J. Cariker

State Bar No. 24009942

CERTIFCATE OF COMPLIANCE

I certify that this brief contains 2462 words according to the computer program used to prepare this 

document.

/S/ Timothy J. Cariker

By: _________________________________

Timothy J. Cariker
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

A true and correct copy of the foregoing document has been delivered to all counsel of record, on 

this the 23rd day of July, 2015.

/S/ Timothy J. Cariker

____________________________________

Timothy J. Cariker