Appendix C 

New York State On-Road 

Motor Vehicle Emission Budget 

MOVES Technical Support Documentation 

Prepared by: 

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

Division of Air Resources 

Bureau of Air Quality Planning 

Mobile Source Section
2 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

2.0 VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED 

2.1 VMT (HPHSVTypeVMT Table) 

2.2 RoadType Distribution Table 

 2.3 Vehicle Mix 

 2.4 Hour VMT Fraction 

 2.5 Day VMT Fraction 

 2.6 Month VMT Fraction 

 2.7 References 

3.0 RAMP FRACTION TABLE 

4.0 AVERAGE SPEED DISTRIBUTION TABLE 

5.0 FUEL DATA 

 5.1 Fuel Supply Table 

 5.2 Fuel Formulation Table 

 5.3 Stage II Refueling 

 5.4 References 

6.0 METEOROLOGICAL DATA (ZoneMonthHour Table) 

 6.1 Temperature 

 6.2 Relative Humidity 

 

7.0 Inspection/Maintenance Program (IMCoverage Table) 

 

8.0 LEV PROGRAMS 
3 

 8.1 References 

9.0 MILEAGE ACCUMULATION RATE 

 9.1 References 

10.0 SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FACTORS 

11.0 DECODING THE NYSDMV DATABASE 

 11.1 Introduction 

 11.2 Starting Point 

 11.3 Fuel Types (Alternative Vehicle and Fuel Technologies Table) 

 11.4 -11.11 Source (Vehicle Type) Population 

12.0 QA/QC 
4 

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 

1 DVMT INVENTORY (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST) 

2 1995 NPTS TIME OF DAY, TRIP AND SPEED ANALYSIS (AVAILABLE UPON 

REQUEST) 

3 SPEED METHODOLOGY MEMO FROM NYSDOT 

4 SPEED TABLES 

5 IMPROVING AIR QUALITY MODELS IN NEW YORK STATE: UTILITY OF THE 

1995 NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY 

6 MILEAGE ACCUMULATION RATES 

7 NYSDOT SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT MEMO 

8 SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FUNCTIONAL GROUP TABLE 

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 

FIGURES 

10-1 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 30 

10-2 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 40 

10-3 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 60 

TABLES 

2.1 Hourly VMT Fraction Assignments 2007 

4.1 Average Speed Distribution Assignment 2007 

5.1 Fuel Sample Data and Selected Fuel Formulations for New York Counties 2007 

5.2 New York State Fuel Supply Assignments 

6.1 New York State meteorological data assignments for county input files 2007 

11.1 Sample Sorting Table 
5 

TABLES cont’d

 11.2 Snapshot of NYSDMV Database 

 11.3 Thirteen Source Types 

 11.4 NYSDMV Body Type Decoder 

 11.5 NYSDMV Fuel Tables 

 11.6 MOVES Fuel Types 

 11.7 Motorcycles 

 11.8 Passenger Cars 

 11.9 Light Commercial Trucks 

 11.10 Bus Registration Types 

 11.11 Bus Fuel Types 

 11.12 Bus Reapportion by Registration and Color 

 11.13 Single Unit Short-Haul Trucks 

 11.14 Motor Homes 

 11.15 Combination Long-Haul Trucks 
6 

1.0 Introduction 

In early 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the Motor 

Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES). MOVES is used to calculate average in-use fleet 

emission factors for a wide variety of on-road vehicle types, model years, and pollutants. 

The MOVES model represents a major change from EPA’s MOBILE6 emission factor model 

released in 2002. This latest version differs significantly from previous versions in the type 

and quantity of data (both required and optional) that the model is capable of utilizing. 

MOVES includes default values for most inputs; however, using these default values 

gives results that are designed to reflect national average values. In order to produce 

results that give more representative estimates of local emissions it is necessary to provide 

MOVES with appropriate local inputs. This document outlines the sources of these local 

inputs and provides references, where necessary, with even more detailed information. 

2.0 Vehicle Miles Traveled 

2.1 VMT (HPMSVtypeVMT Table) 

MOVES requires annual, county-level VMT by HPMS Vehicle type for each 

county input table. The following discussion describes the development of this 

information. 

The Planning and Strategy Group of the New York State Department of 

Transportation (NYSDOT) developed the Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) data used to 

calculate the emissions for the on-road mobile inventory. The NYSDOT uses their 

submittal of the US Department of Transportation’s Highway Performance Monitoring 

System (HPMS) VMT as the basis for developing county-level, grouped functional 

class VMT estimates. This process is described in more detail in the NYSDOT report 

”Estimated County Level Vehicle Miles of Travel,” of April 1, 1989 and updated in an 

April 27, 1992 memo, both authored by Nathan Earlbaum of NYSDOT. These 

documents are labeled as Attachment 1 to this document and are available upon 

request. 

A new 2007 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) inventory was constructed 

by NYSDOT to provide DVMT estimates by county, geographic component (urban, 

small urban, and rural) and grouped functional class. In addition, functional class 

shares are provided to expand the DVMT to more specific functional classes. The 

DVMT inventory is updated on a continuous cycle every three years. The 

methodology employed to develop the 2007 DVMT inventory remains the same as 

documented in the Radian Report, NYS 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and 

Ozone Precursor On-Road Mobile Source Inventory, Final Report March 1993, 

Appendix B: Background Documentation for the Development of VMT Estimates. 
7 

Future years are linearly forecast using all available data starting from 1981 to 

determine the slope. 

DVMT by county and by grouped functional class are multiplied by functional 

class shares to expand the DVMT to the 12 functional classes. The by-functional 

class DVMT is then multiplied by seasonal adjustment factors and the number of 

days per month to get the annual VMT by functional class. The seasonal adjustment 

factors are also supplied by the NYSDOT. For more information on the seasonal 

adjustment factors see Section 10.0 Seasonal Adjustment Factors. Next, the annual 

VMT by functional class is summed over geographic component to get the annual 

county-level VMT by functional class. Annual VMT by functional class is then 

aggregated to MOVES road type. In order to fit the new MOVES framework, 

Functional Class 01 becomes Rural Restricted, classes 02, 06, 07, 08, & 09 become 

Rural Unrestricted, classes 11 and 12 are Urban Restricted and classes 14, 16, 17, & 

19 become Urban Unrestricted. The next step is to apply the vehicle mix by MOVES 

source type and road type to the annual VMT by road type. This will yield the annual 

VMT by MOVES Road type and Source type which is then summed over MOVES 

road type. Development of vehicle mix is discussed in section 2.3 below. Finally, the 

resulting annual VMT by MOVES source type is aggregated to HPMS vehicle type 

which is then used to populate the county-level HPMSVType VMT tables. 

2.2 RoadTypeDistribution Table 

The road type distribution table contains the fraction of VMT allocated to each 

MOVES road type for each vehicle type. This information is calculated during the 

above HPMS vehicle type VMT process. Once the annual VMT by MOVES Road 

type and Source type is developed the fraction of VMT allocated to each road type is 

calculated. This is done at the county level. 

2.3 Vehicle Mix 

The vehicle mix for each of the 11 NYSDOT regions in New York State are 

used to produce the by vehicle type VMT. Vehicle types are the 13 Use Types and 6 

Fuel Types that are used by MOVES. The main objective of the process is to create 

a separate, distinct (where justified) vehicle mix for each of the four roadway types 

used in MOVES. 

Ideally, sufficient roadway survey data would exist to characterize the vehicle 

mix reliably into the level of detail required by MOVES. In reality, data from roadway 

surveys is available by 6 roadway types by only three broad vehicle categories. 

These categories, called Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle 
8 

classifications, or the FHWA “F” scheme (of which there are thirteen, i.e. f1 to f13, 

characterized by axle count and tractor/trailer combinations), are traditionally 

consolidated down to three by NYSDOT because of sample size concerns. The 

three categories provided are a combined f1 & f2 that represents motorcycles and 

light duty vehicles, f3 which is currently considered by New York State Department of 

Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to be all LDT3 and LDT4 (in the EPA 

MOBILE6 scheme of vehicle types), and f4 thru f13 lumped as a single aggregate 

count representing all heavy duty vehicles. In order to expand these 3 broad 

categories into the 13 vehicle types of the MOVES framework, data from other 

sources, namely New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (NYSDMV) 

registrations along with NYSDOT and EPA mileage accumulations, are used to 

create the requisite vehicle mixes. 

The process used by NYSDEC to generate a vehicle mix is a three-step 

process. The first step utilizes NYSDMV registration data resulting in counts of 

vehicles registered on or around July 1st of the analysis year. The process of 

obtaining and refining this registration data is outlined in Section 11.0 Decoding the 

NYSDMV Database. This process yields vehicle populations for the thirteen MOVES 

vehicle types for each of the 62 counties in New York State (NYS). The county 

counts are aggregated to eleven NYSDOT regions. 

Registration-based counts, while relatively easy to assemble, do not 

adequately represent the mix of vehicles on various roadway types. This is because 

certain vehicle types drive many more miles than others. In an attempt to 

compensate for this, the next step is to take the thirteen vehicle type categories, 

subdivide each category further by vehicle age, and then apply an adjustment 

(weighting factor) based on mileage accumulation. The EPA mileage accumulation 

data for cars and light trucks are supplemented by NYS-specific results from the 

National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). This step is detailed in Section 9.0 

Mileage Accumulation Rate. 

The third step of the NYSDEC process uses the ‘intermediate vehicle mix’ to 

adjust the roadway classification counts developed by NYSDOT and provided as the 

three groupings of the FHWA “Scheme F” classification system discussed earlier. 

The ‘intermediate vehicle mix’ is applied to these three axle count groups, yielding a 

vehicle mix for the thirteen MOVES vehicle types. 

2.4 Hour VMT Fraction Table

Hourly VMT fractions are developed for 26 specific regions (counties) through 

analysis of the 1995 NPTS by NYSDOT. The NPTS Time of Day graphs are 

contained in a document labeled as Attachment 2 which is available upon request. 

Hourly VMT fraction assignments are shown in table 2.1 below. 
9 

Hourly VMT Fraction

Profile

Counties

Albany Albany

Bronx Bronx

Broome Broome

Chemung Chemung

Dutchess Dutchess

Erie Erie

Kings Kings

Monroe Monroe

Nassau Nassau

New York New York

Niagara Niagara

Oneida Oneida

Onondaga Onondaga

Orange Orange

Putnam Putnam

Queens Queens

Rensselaer Rensselaer

Richmond Richmond

Rockland Rockland

Saratoga Saratoga

Schenectady Schenectady

Suffolk Suffolk

Tompkins Tompkins

Warren Warren

Washington Washington

Westchester Westchester

Remainder Remaining counties in state

Table 2.1 ‐ Hourly VMT Fraction Assignments 2007

2.5 Day VMT Fraction Table 

NYSDEC utilizes a uniform allocation of VMT over all days of the week for all 

counties and as such populated the Day VMT fraction table accordingly. 

2.6 Month VMT Fraction Table 

Monthly VMT fractions are developed based on the seasonal adjustment 

factors described in section 10. 

2.7 References 
10 

1 .Estimated County Level Vehicle Miles of Travel. Erlbaum, Nathan S., New 

York State Department of Transportation, Planning Division. April 1, 1989 

2. “Estimation of Vehicle Miles of Travel for 1990, by County and Functional 

Class and Method Documentation”. Memorandum from Erlbaum, Nathan S., Traffic 

Monitoring Section to Cioffi, G., Office of the Commissioner, New York State 

Department of Transportation. April 27, 1992 pp. 1 to 5. (APPENDIX B of Radian 

Report listed below) 

3. New York State 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor OnRoad Mobile Source Inventory. Radian Corporation. March 1993, revised by 

NYSDEC on April 1993. 

3.0 Ramp Fraction Table 

The ramp fraction table allows for the input of specific ramp driving times for the 

restricted access road types. Neither NYSDEC nor NYSDOT is in possession of ramp VMT 

or speed data, so the default value 0.08 (8%) was used for all counties. 

4.0 Average Speed Distribution Table 

The Planning Division of the NYSDOT developed speed estimates for air quality 

modeling in 1994. Speeds were computed through a number of steps detailed in a 1994 

report copied and included as Attachment 3. Speeds were developed for 15 areas, some as 

small as a single county, throughout the state along with each of the 12 possible functional 

classes and 4 time periods (Morning, Daytime, Evening, and Nighttime). The resulting 

speeds are contained in 6 tables which have been included as Attachment 4. A weighted 

average using 2007 VMT was used to determine the new speeds for each of the 4 

roadways in MOVES. Table 4.1below shows the speed distribution assignments for New 

York counties. 
11 

Speed Distribution Counties

Capital District Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady & Saratoga

Syracuse Onondaga, Oswego & Jefferson

Rochester Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, & Wayne Counties

Buffalo Erie & Niagara

Rest of State Remaining Upstate Counties

Putnam Putnam

Westchester Westchester

Rockland Rockland

Bronx Bronx

New York New York

Queens Queens

Kings Kings

Richmond Richmond

Nassau Nassau

Suffolk Suffolk

Table 4.1 Average Speed Distribution Assignment 2007

5.0 Fuel Data 

5.1 Fuel Supply Table 

New York State uses two types of gasoline: eastern conventional gasoline 

for upstate counties and reformulated gasoline for the NY Metropolitan area 

including Putnam and Orange counties. In 1990 NYSDEC conducted a fuel 

sampling program. The results of this survey are provided in the New York State 

1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor On-Road Mobile 

Source Inventory Appendix D.3. Based on the results of this survey, fuel 

formulations were selected from the default table which closely matched the 

sample data. Formulations were also selected to take into account the lower 

sulfur content of diesel fuel mandated by the Federal Highway Diesel rule 

implemented in late 2006. Table 5.1 includes the fuel sample data for 

conventional and reformulated gasoline and the selected fuel formulations used 

to populate the fuel supply table for each of the county input files. The fuel 

supply assignments for New York Counties are shown in Table 5.2. 
12 

Month RVP T10 T50 T90 Benzene Sulfur Oxygen E200 E300

(psi) (°F) (°F) (°F) (v%) (ppm) (wt%) (%E10) (%) (%)

January 13.1 109 158 315 0.62 20 3.8 70.6 86.2

February 12.6 111 158 316 0.69 35 3.8 70.6 86.0

March 12.4 111 158 312 0.63 32 3.7 70.6 86.9

April 10.4 120 181 315 0.57 31 3.3 59.3 86.2

May 7.3 135 206 315 0.42 28 3.5 47.0 86.2

June 6.9 136 211 319 0.41 29 3.6 44.6 85.4

July 6.9 136 209 316 0.36 35 3.6 45.6 86.0

August 6.9 135 208 311 0.30 32 3.6 46.1 87.1

September 7.1 134 207 313 0.29 35 3.6 46.6 86.7

October 10.6 117 169 306 0.34 25 3.7 65.2 88.2

November 12.4 113 162 309 0.37 42 3.8 68.6 87.6

December 12.7 113 165 312 0.41 48 3.7 67.1 86.9

Winter 12.64 111.4 160.2 312.8 0.544 35.40 3.76 69.5 86.7

Summer 7.02 135.2 208.2 314.8 0.356 31.80 3.58 46.0 86.3

Sprall 10.50 118.5 175.0 310.5 0.455 28.00 3.50 62.2 87.2

Formula RVP Benzene Sulfur E200 E300

8841 12.5864 0.5400 30 57.5155 92.3729

8519 7.01143 0.6857 30 51.8284 86.3126

8874 10.4738 0.5400 30 54.8602 92.5775

Month RVP T10 T50 T90 Benzene Sulfur Oxygen E200 E300

(psi) (°F) (°F) (°F) (v%) (ppm) (wt%) (%E10) (%) (%)

January 12.80 109 208 320 1.06 31 0.2 46.1 85.1

February 13.30 108 206 322 0.76 30 0.3 47.0 84.7

March 13.00 108 203 316 1.03 35 0.2 48.5 86.0

April 10.30 121 212 325 1.21 33 0.3 44.1 84.0

May 8.50 128 214 320 1.21 38 0.2 43.1 85.1

June 8.50 130 214 320 1.18 50 0.1 43.1 85.1

July 8.30 132 215 319 0.99 40 0.2 42.6 85.4

August 8.40 131 215 319 1.02 37 0.1 42.6 85.4

September 8.30 130 213 319 0.9 41 0.1 43.6 85.4

October 10.40 119 213 322 0.81 51 0 43.6 84.7

November 11.50 116 205 317 0.74 47 0.2 47.5 85.8

December 12.80 111 196 318 0.88 76 0.4 51.9 85.6

Winter 12.68 110.4 203.6 318.6 0.894 43.80 0.26 0.07 48.216 85.448

Summer 8.40 130.2 214.2 319.4 1.06 41.20 0.14 0.04 43.022 85.272

Sprall 10.35 120.0 212.5 323.5 1.01 42.00 0.15 0.04 43.855 84.37

Formula RVP Benzene Sulfur E200 E300

7788 12.7571 0.935 45.5725 53.9283 85.5086

7800 8.39143 1.085 45.5725 44.9932 84.0594

7962 10.3708 0.983333 42.4925 50.1003 87.2421

Table 5.1  Fuel Sample Data and Selected Fuel Formulations for New York Counties 2007

RFG Sample

RFG Formulas Used (Selected from FuelFormulation Table)

Conventional Gasoline Sample

Conventional Gasoline Formulas Used (Selected from FuelFormulation Table)
13 

Fuel

Reformulated

Eastern

Conventional

Counties

Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland,

Suffolk & Westchester

All Remaining Upstate Counties

Table 5.2New York State Fuel Supply Assignments

5.2 Fuel Formulation Table 

MOVES contains a default fuel formulation table containing thousands of 

unique fuel formulations for gasoline and diesel fuel each with an assigned fuel 

formula ID. NYSDEC used this table as a source for selecting fuel formula ID’s to 

assign to the fuel sampling data discussed above. 

5.3 Stage II Refueling

The Stage II Refueling program began for the NYMA area in 1989. While 

refueling emissions are estimated using MOVES and the locally developed data 

described in this document, they are included in the area source inventory.

5.4 References

1.New York State 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor On-Road 

Mobile Source Inventory. Radian Corporation. March 1993, revised by NYSDEC on 

April 1993.

6.0 Meteorological Data

6.1 Surface Temperature 

Surface meteorological data, including temperature and dew point 

temperature for 2007, were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center for all 

available National Weather Service (NWS) offices and reporting stations across the 

state. Monthly average diurnal temperature and relative humidity were subsequently 

calculated for each dataset. Meteorological data was then selected for each county 

based on climatological representativeness and/or location of the available stations. 

If a county did not have a specific NWS office located in it, data from a nearby office 

with similar meteorological conditions were used. Based on these considerations, a 

county assignment table (Table 6.1) was developed and used to populate the 

respective ZoneMonthHour tables for each county input file. 
14 

County FIPS Code

Synoptic

Station

Code

Airport

Code Airport/Location

Albany 36001 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Allegany 36003 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport

Bronx 36005 725030 LGA LaGuardia Airport

Broome 36007 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport

Cattaraugus 36009 725235 JHW Chautauqua County Airport

Cayuga 36011 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport

Chautauqua 36013 725235 JHW Chautauqua County Airport

Chemung 36015 725156 ELM Elmira ‐ Corning Regional Airport

Chenango 36017 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport

Clinton 36019 726170 BTV Burlington International Airport

Columbia 36021 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Cortland 36023 725155 ITH Tompkins County

Delaware 36025 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport

Dutchess 36027 725036 POU Dutchess County Airport

Erie 36029 725280 BUF Buffalo/Niagara International Airport

Essex 36031 726170 BTV Burlington International Airport

Franklin 36033 726223 MSS Massena International Airport‐ Richards Field

Fulton 36035 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Genesee 36037 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport

Greene 36039 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Hamilton 36041 726228 SLK Adirondack Regional Airport

Herkimer 36043 725196 RME Griffiss AFB

Jefferson 36045 726227 ART Watertown International Airport

Kings 36047 744860 JFK John F Kennedy International Airport

Lewis 36049 743700 GTB Wheeler‐Sack Airfield | Great Bend

Livingston 36051 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport

Madison 36053 725190 SYR Hancock International Airport

Monroe 36055 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport

Montgomery 36057 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Nassau 36059 744864 FRG Farmindale ‐ Republic Field

New York 36061 725033 NYC Central Park

Niagara 36063 725289 IAG Niagara Falls International Airport

Oneida 36065 725196 RME Griffiss AFB

Onondaga 36067 725190 SYR Hancock International Airport

Ontario 36069 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport

Orange 36071 725015 MGJ Orange County Airport

Orleans 36073 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport

Oswego 36075 725146 FZY Oswego County

Otsego 36077 725196 RME Griffiss AFB

Putnam 36079 725086 DXR Danbury Municipal Airport

Queens 36081 725030 LGA LaGuardia Airport

Rensselaer 36083 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Richmond 36085 725020 EWR Newark Airport

Rockland 36087 725037 HPN Westchester County Airport

St. Lawrence 36089 726223 MSS Massena International Airport‐ Richards Field

Saratoga 36091 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Schenectady 36093 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Schoharie 36095 725180 ALB Albany International Airport

Schuyler 36097 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport

Seneca 36099 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport

Steuben 36101 725156 ELM Elmira ‐ Corning Regional Airport

Suffolk 36103 744865 FOK Suffolk County Airport

Sullivan 36105 725145 MSV Monticello

Tioga 36107 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport

Tompkins 36109 725155 ITH Tompkins County

Ulster 36111 725036 POU Dutchess County Airport

Warren 36113 725185 GFL Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport (Warren County Airport)

Washington 36115 725185 GFL Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport (Warren County Airport)

Wayne 36117 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport

Westchester 36119 725037 HPN Westchester County Airport

Wyoming 36121 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport

Yates 36123 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport

Table 6.1  New York State meteorological data assignments for county input files 2007
15 

6.2 Relative Humidity 

The relative humidity data was calculated from hourly NWS observations that 

NYSDEC obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. Dew point observations 

for the same dates and locations that were used in temperature calculations were 

also used to determine hourly relative humidity values. The calculation method 

assumed standard atmospheric pressure to determine saturation vapor pressure 

from the temperature and vapor pressure from the dew point. The vapor pressure 

divided by the saturation vapor pressure, multiplied by 100, equals relative humidity. 

Monthly average diurnal humidity was then calculated from the hourly values. 

7.0 Inspection/Maintenance Program (IMCoverage Table) 

In 2007, several Inspection and Maintenance programs were in effect across the 

state. Statewide, the New York Vehicle Inspection Program (NYVIP) was in effect and 

tested light duty gasoline vehicles starting with the 1996 model year. This program included 

both evaporative and exhaust system on-board diagnostics (OBD) tests as well as a gas 

cap check. It gave vehicles that were 25 years and older an exemption and granted a grace 

period for vehicles 2 years old or newer. NYMA counties were also subject to the New York 

Transient Emissions Short Test (NYTEST) program which included an IM240 and an idle 

program for heavy duty gasoline vehicles. Both programs tested vehicles starting with 

model year 1983. All programs also include a 30% stringency, 98% compliance rate and 

include a gas cap pressure test and no credit for technician training program. A waiver rate 

of 2% for NYMA counties and 3% for upstate counties was used to calculate the 

Compliance factor for the MOVES I/M Coverage table. 

8.0 Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Programs 

Beginning in the 1990’s, a number of states chose to adopt California LEV standards 

in place of federal standards. The effects of these LEV standards are not included in the 

MOVES database. As a result, EPA has created a separate input database for states 

adopting California LEV program regulations. The California LEV input database provides a 

set of alternative volatile organic compound (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen 

oxide (NOx) start and running emissions factors based of EPA and CARB analysis of LEV 

programs. The input database provides rates from model year 1994 until model year 2050, 

including both the California LEV 1 and LEV 2 standards. These rates replace the rates in 

the default database for these particular pollutants. 

EPA has provided a MySQL script along with the supplemental database to replace 

the emissions rates depending on when states adopted the LEV program. The use of this 

script and supplemental database are outlined in the EPA guidance document “Instructions 

for using LEV and National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) Inputs for MOVES”. NYSDEC 
16 

followed this guidance and created the appropriate supplemental database called ny_lev 

and used it along with the other local inputs. 

8.1 References 

1. “Instructions for using LEV and NLEV Inputs for MOVES”, EPA-420-B-10-003a, 

August 2010, Assessment and Standards Division, EPA OTAQ, 

http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/moves/tools.htm

9.0 Mileage Accumulation Rate 

Mileage accumulation rates were used in the development of the vehicle mix. The 

following section discusses the origins of these rates 

Mileage Accumulation Rates for LDGV, LDDV, LDGT1, and LDGT2 were developed 

in conjunction with the NYSDOT. Mileage accumulation rates for motorcycles (MC) were 

carried over from MOBILE5 default rates. All other vehicle type mileage accumulation rates 

are taken from the EPA’s Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6. 

The NYSDOT used the vehicle file component of the NPTS to create annual mileage 

utilization rates for four light duty vehicle (LDV) types. Part of these vehicle files is an 

average annualized vehicle odometer reading for passenger vehicles. The NYSDOT report 

Improving Air Quality Models in New York State: Utility of the 1995 Nationwide Personal 

Transportation Survey May 13, 1999, presented as Attachment 5, goes into more detail 

regarding the procedure used to curve fit New York specific data. This curve fitted data was 

then used to replace the national data for LDGV, LDDV, LDGT1, and LDGT2. The New 

York specific mileage accumulation table is included as Attachment 6. These mileage 

accumulation rates were then applied to the MOVES vehicle types where appropriate. 

The report also illustrates the differences in New York and national curve fitted 

annual mileage accumulation data, specifically that while initial (first three years) mileage 

accumulation rates are lower for New York than the national average, older New York 

vehicles maintain higher mileage rates for longer periods of time. It is these significant 

differences that led to the decision to use New York specific data for these vehicle classes 

instead of using EPA recommended MOBILE6 defaults. These mileage accumulation rates 

were carried over from MOBILE5. 

9.1 References 

1. Fleet Characterization Data for MOBILE6. (EPA420-R-01-047), U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Sept 2001. 
17 

2. Improving Air Quality Models in New York State: Utility of the 1995 Nationwide 

Personal Transportation Survey. New York State Department of 

Transportation, May 13, 1999. (Attachment 5) 

10.0 Seasonal Adjustment Factors 

The Planning Division of the NYSDOT develops seasonal adjustment factors in 

conjunction with their Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) -based DVMT estimates. After 

consultation with NYSDOT Planning & Strategy Group’s Data Analysis & Forecasting 

Section it was decided that the three available Factor Groups (FG30, FG40, FG60) be used 

where applicable throughout the State to more accurately determine Ozone Season VMT in 

highly variable areas. Note that this is a change from previous modeling methodology that 

used FG30 (large urban area) for all roadways in New York State. Attachment 7 is a March 

28, 2003 memo from NYSDOT Planning & Strategy Group with their recommendations, and 

Attachment 8 is a summary table of the spreadsheet referenced in the memo. 

Further analysis (as shown in graphs on following pages) of the seasonal adjustment 

factors (SAF) indicated that each factor group’s values are relatively constant from year to 

year and that variations are within the range of sampling errors. Due to this NYSDEC has 

decided to take the average SAF for each factor group and use that value for all years rather 

than change it every three years. The graphs below show four lines, the annual ozone 

season factor for that functional group, plus one standard deviation, minus one standard 

deviation, and the average of the factors. 
18 

 

1.000

1.050

1.100

1.150

1.200

1.250

1.300

1.350

1.400

1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

SAF

Year

Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 30

(Slightly Seasonal)

+ 1 std FG30 - 1 std Average

1.12 Average

Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 40

(Moderately Seasonal)

1.000

1.050

1.100

1.150

1.200

1.250

1.300

1.350

1.400

1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Year

SAF

+ 1 std -1 std FG 40 average

Average 1.16

Figure 10-2 

Figure 10-1 
19 

Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 60

(Highly Seasonal)

1.000

1.050

1.100

1.150

1.200

1.250

1.300

1.350

1.400

1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Year

SAF

+1 std -1 std FG 60 average

Average 1.21

11.0 Decoding the NYSDMV database

11.1 Introduction 

The MOVES model is different from previous EPA emissions models in 

that it is designed with a modular database structure. Now, when new data 

becomes available, it can easily be incorporated into the model. In addition, 

MOVES allows easier importation of local data that is specific to a user's unique 

needs. However, these changes required a complete re-write of the modeling 

framework. 

The MOVES model includes a “default” database that will produce 

summary emissions for the entire United States. While national level emission 

estimates will be adequate utilizing this database, for many uses, up-to-date local 

inputs will be more appropriate, especially for analyses supporting State 

Implementation Plans (SIPs) and conformity determinations. 

The first set of these local inputs are those that describe the local fleet. 

These inputs consist of Source Type (a.k.a. Vehicle Type) Age Distributions, 

Figure 10-3 
20 

Source Type Populations and Fuel Fractions. The two significant changes from 

MOBILE6 are the requirement for the number of vehicles (used to calculate start 

emissions) and the change from vehicle types to source types. There are 13 

different source types; however, the information required to accurately count and 

classify all of them is not obtainable. 

The next several pages step through the methodology used by the 

NYSDEC in sorting the 2007 NYSDMV Registration Database into the required 

vehicle inputs for MOVES. Table 11.1 provides a sample of what the sorting table 

looks like. The complete table contains each of the State’s 62 counties and 

vehicle ages from 0 to 31+ with the Count column being the total of all vehicles of 

that type in that county regardless of age. 

Table 11.1 Sample Sorting Table 

County County 

Code Body Number Body_Type Count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 001 11 MC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 21 CAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 31 PTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 32 COMMTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 41 IBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 42 TBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 43 SBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 51 REFUSETRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 52 SUSHORTTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 53 SULONGTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 54 MH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 61 CSHORTTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 001 62 CLONGTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11.2 Starting Point 

The NYSDMV database that NYSDEC acquires each year contains the 

following data: VIN, NYSDMV Registration Type, County, Weight/Seating 

Capacity, Suspended Individual, NYSDMV Body Type, Fuel Type, Vehicle Year, 

Make, and Color. In 2007 there were 11,137,009 records. Table 11.2 below 

provides a snapshot of one record from that database. 
21 

Table 11.2 Snapshot of NYSDMV Database 

July2007RegData 

VIN Reg 

Type County Wt/Seating Capacity 

Susp 

Ind 

Body 

Type Fuel Vehicle Year Make Color

4T1BE46K77U613161 16 41 003253 N 13 GAS 2007 TOYOT GY

These records now need to be distilled into the following 13 Source Types: 

Table 11.3 Thirteen Source Types 

SourceTypeID SourceType Name SourceType Abbreviation 

11 Motorcycle MC 

21 Passenger Car CAR 

31 Passenger Truck PTRUCK 

32 Light Commercial Truck COMMTRUCK 

41 Intercity Bus IBUS 

42 Transit Bus TBUS 

43 School Bus SBUS 

51 Refuse Truck REFUSETRUCK 

52 Single Unit Short-Haul Truck SUSHORTTRUCK 

53 Single Unit Long-Haul Truck SULONGTRUCK 

54 Motor Home MH 

61 Combination Short-Haul Truck CSHORTTRUCK 

62 Combination Long-Haul Truck CLONGTRUCK 

The NYSDMV Body Type code is the most useful descriptor for sorting the 

various vehicle types into the MOVES Source Type ID’s provided above. 

Additional refinement of the vehicle count is accomplished by also using the 

registration, gross vehicle weight, and even the color (school busses) for 

allocating vehicle counts into the appropriate MOVES vehicle categories. 

 The Body Type decoder in Table 11.4 below, provided by NYSDMV, has 

71 different body types listed. Sixty-one of the body types account for the 

11,137,009 vehicles included in the July 2007 database. Only 36 body types 

represent vehicles to be processed and considered for inclusion as an input for 

development of the on-road emission inventory. The removal of body types that 

contain invalid codes and types not considered to be on-road sources (267,252 

records removed) results in 10,869,757 vehicles considered for further 

processing. 
22 

Table 11.4 NYSDMV Body Type Decoder 

Computer Body Type Count 

01 Limited Use Vehicle – Sedan 

02 Limited Use Mcy – A 

03 Limited Use Mcy – B 

04 Limited Use Mcy - A, B or C 

05 Motorized Bicycle 

06 Limited Use Mcy - A, B or C or Motorized 

07 Limited Use Mcy – C 

08 Police 

09 Fire 677

10 Convertible 170,076

11 Sedan 29,737

12 Suburban 3,312,529

13 4 Door Sedan 4,492,050

14 2 Door Sedan 854,783

15 House on Wheels 29,384

18 All Terrain Vehicle 158,461

19 Motorcycle 300,322

20 Hearse-Invalid Comb. 112

21 Locomotive 8

22 Custom 143

23 Replica 14

30 Unknown Truck 

31 Unknown Passenger 1

32 Minibike 

33 Snowmobile 

34 Other Off-Highway Vehicle 

35 Bicyclist 

36 Pedestrian 

37 Other (Person) 

38 Misc. Farm Vehicle 

39 Ambulance 968

41 Power Shovel 11,477

42 Road Building Machine 12,457

43 Road Roller 1,281

44 Road Sweepers 4,847

45 Sand Spreader 1,642

46 Snow Plow 2,003

47 Snow Traveler 27

48 Snowmobile 10
23 

49 Traction Engine 217

50 Tractor Crane 1,000

Computer Body Type Count

51 Truck Crane 2,674

52 Small Wheel Truck 940

53 Well Driller 666

54 Well Servicing Rig 352

55 Feed Processing Machine 73

56 Mobile Car Crusher 111

57 Earth Mover 687

58 Tractor 38,733

59 8,280

60 Delivery Truck 22,226

61 Dump Truck 103,375

62 Flat Bed Truck 19,300

63 Pick-up Truck 1,034,553

64 Stake Truck 17,956

65 Tank Truck 9,849

66 Refrigerated Truck 3,461

67 Tow Truck 7,229

68 Van Truck 256,974

70 Utility Truck 51,049

71 Pole Trailer 4 

80 Boat Trailer 139

81 House Trailer 44,329

82 /1 

83 Semi-Trailer or Misc. 2,271

84 /1 

85 Trailer 14,228

87 Light Trailer /2 4,097

90 Bus (Omnibus) 85,858

91 Limousine (Omnibus) 1,075

92 Hearse (Ambulance) 798

93 Taxi 12,073

94 Disable Commercial /3 693

95 Cement Mixer 1,693

96 Moped /4 4,482

97 Manufactured Home 

98 Snowmobile 

99 Low Speed Vehicle 2,548

*26, 69, 76 *Invalid Body Type codes found in 2007 7
24 

11.3 Fuel Types (Alternative Vehicle and Fuel 

Technologies Table) 

 

The NYSDMV Database includes 8 different fuel codes. These codes are 

included in Table 11.5. 

Table 11.5 NYSDMV Fuel Tables 

CODE DMV FUEL COUNT 

C CNG 2,601 

D Diesel 425,980 

E Electric 3,836 

F Flex 2,709 

G Gasoline 10,629,389 

P Propane 478 

O Other 1,236 

U Unknown/Blank 70,780 

 

The MOVES model has 6 possible fuel types, these are listed in Table 11.6. 

 

Table 11.6 MOVES Fuel Types 

FuelTypeID MOVES FUEL TYPE

1 Gasoline 

2 Diesel 

3 CNG 

4 LPG (Propane) 

5 Ethanol 

6 

7 

8 

9 Electric 

For modeling purposes, vehicles identified as Flex fuel types will be added 

to the Gasoline counts, while vehicles with “Other” and “Unknown” fuel types will 

be discarded. Because there is no hybrid code in the database hybrid vehicles 

cannot be counted individually and are instead counted under one of the above 

fuel types. The number of hybrids modeled in NYS in 2007 is zero. 

Diesel Fractions are obtained at the same time as the registration 

distributions. The by-county and by-vehicle type totals created for the 

registration distributions are further sorted by fuel type and converted into the 
25 

percent of diesel-powered vehicles by type and by age. The results are then 

used to populate the Alternative Vehicle Fuels Technology table. 

Once vehicles are categorized by fuel type, the NYSDEC begins to move 

those vehicles into their appropriate source type by fuel. The next set of tables 

contain vehicle counts by MOVES source and fuel types along with a description 

of each necessary adjustment made for processing final vehicle counts. 

Adjustments include removal of records with any combination of invalid county 

identifiers, registration types and/or fuel types per category. 

11.4 Source Type ID 11 - Motorcycles 

The body types that could be considered “motorcycles” are #02 – #07 the 

Limited use Motorcycles Types A – C, #18 All Terrain Vehicle, #19 Motorcycle, 

#32 Minibike, & #96 Moped. Of these body types only #19 Motorcycles, and #96 

Mopeds are being used by the NYSDMV. There are 304,804 motorcycles in 

Table 11.7 provided below with the percentage by fuel type showing that nearly 

all motorcycles operate on gasoline. 

Table 11.7 Motorcycles 

MOTORCYCLES (Body Types 19, 96) 

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE 

CNG 6 0.00% 

Diesel 30 0.01% 

Electric 39 0.01% 

Flex 39 0.01% 

Gasoline 304,609 99.94% 

Propane 0 0.00% 

Other 2 0.00% 

Unknown/Blank 79 0.03% 

 

 

Further processing of this category requires removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), “63” (in transit), and “35” (all terrain 

vehicles) which represent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road 

motorcycles. Other registration types that need to be identified and removed 

include contradictory registration types such as codes corresponding to busses, 

trucks, and tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting 

of invalid county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (758 records 

removed), provides a final total of 304,046 motorcycles in NYS, for emission 

inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 11. 
26 

11.5 Source Type ID 21 - Passenger Car 

The body types that could be considered “passenger cars” are #01 Limited 

Use Vehicle – Sedan, #8 Police, #10 Convertible, #11 Sedan, #13 4 Door Sedan, 

#14 2 Door Sedan, #20 Hearse-Invalid Comb. , #22 Custom, #23 Replica, #31 

Unknown Passenger, #91 Limousine (Omnibus), #92 Hearse (Ambulance) and 

#93 Taxi. Body type #99 Low Speed Vehicle consist of mostly electric vehicles 

(2537 of 2548) and because of their limited range and speed, will not be 

considered true passenger cars. It was noted that in 2007, there are no vehicles 

registered as either body type #01 Limited Use Vehicle – Sedan or #8. A count 

of the valid body types listed returns 5,560,862 vehicles that could be passenger 

cars with nearly all operating on gasoline. These are shown in Table 11.8. 

Table 11.8 Passenger Cars 

PASSENGER CARS (Body Types 01, 08, 10, 11, 

13, 14, 20, 22, 23, 31, 91, 92, 93) 

DMV FUEL TYPE COUNT PERCENTAGE 

CNG 852 0.02% 

Diesel 11,326 0.20% 

Electric 448 0.01% 

Flex 1,221 0.02% 

Gasoline 5,545,460 99.72% 

Propane 44 0.00% 

Other 422 0.01% 

Unknown/Blank 1,089 0.02% 

Further processing of this category requires removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which represent 

counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger cars. Other 

registration types that need to be identified and removed include contradictory 

registration types such as codes corresponding to motorcycles, busses, trucks, 

and tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of 

invalid county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (62,551 records 

removed), provides a final total of 5,498,311 passenger cars in NYS, for emission 

inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 21. 
27 

11.6 Source Type IDs 31- Passenger Truck & 32 - Light 

Commercial Truck 

The body types that are part of these two groups are #12 Suburban, #63 

Pick-up Truck, and #68 Van Trucks up to 10,000lbs Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 

(GVWR). The trucks are separated into the appropriate source types of 

passenger or commercial based on corresponding registration codes. All 

vehicles of these body types having an estimated gross weight greater than 

10,000 lbs. will be counted as source type ID 52, Single Unit/Short-Haul trucks, 

regardless of their registration code. There are a total of 4,604,056 Pick-ups, 

Suburbans, and Vans in the database. These are shown in Table 11.9. 

Table 11.9 Light Commercial Trucks 

PASSENGER/COMMERCIAL TRUCKS 

(Body Types 12, 63, 68) 

DMV FUEL TYPE COUNT PERCENTAGE 

CNG 804 0.02% 

Diesel 127,684 2.77% 

Electric 161 0.00% 

Flex 1,362 0.03% 

Gasoline 4,472,598 97.14% 

Propane 171 0.00% 

Other 253 0.01% 

Unknown/Blank 1023 0.02% 

Further processing of this category requires removal of 68,629 vehicles 

with an estimated gross weight greater than 10,000 lbs. which are added to 

MOVES source type ID 52. Commercial registration codes are used to separate 

out commercial trucks from the three valid body types for vehicles with an 

estimated gross weight of 10,000 lbs. or less. Registration types such as “84”, 

“85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which represent counts for registered 

vehicles other than on-road passenger trucks are removed. Registration codes 

are also used to identify and remove contradictory registration types such as 

codes corresponding to motorcycles, busses, and tractor trailers, as examples. 

Removing additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and fuel types 

“other” and “unknown” (48,798 records removed), provides a final total of 
28 

3,667,233 passenger trucks (MOVES source type ID 31) and 819,396 

commercial trucks (MOVES source type ID 32) in NYS, for emission inventory 

year 2007. 

11.7 Source Type ID 41 - Intercity Busses, 42 - Transit 

Busses, & 43 - School Busses 

 The Body Type that is used for busses is #90 Bus (Omnibus). There are 

85,858 Busses registered in New York State. Table 11.10 lists the number of 

vehicles with the various registration types. Table 11.11 lists busses by fuel type. 

Table 11.10 Bus Registration Types 

BUSSES (Body Type 90) 

Number of 

Vehicles Registration Type

59,390 Political Subdivision (Municipal or Thruway) 69.17%

22,403 Omnibus (regular) 26.09%

2,698 School Car 3.14%

478 Omnibus (vanity + livery) 0.56%

301 International Reg Plan 0.35%

172 State Agencies 0.20%

113 Commercial (Regular) 0.13%

95 Omnibus (Public Service) 0.11%

42 Omnibus (Taxi) 0.05%

90 Passenger or Suburban (Regular) 0.10%

30 Omnibus (Special) 0.03%

26 Farm/Ag 0.03%

18 Historical 0.02%

2 Other 0.00%

Table 11.11 Bus Fuel Types 

Busses (Body Type 90) 

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE

CNG 909 1.06%

Diesel 64,178 74.75%

Electric 508 0.59%

Flex 25 0.03%

Gasoline 19,667 22.91%

Propane 2 0.00%

Other 462 0.54%
29 

Unknown/Blank 107 0.12%

Further processing of this category requires removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which represent 

counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger cars. Other 

registration types that need to be identified and removed include contradictory 

registration types such as codes corresponding to motorcycles, trucks, and 

tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of invalid 

county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (1,423 records removed), 

provides a final total of 84,426 busses. 

Additional segregation of the valid vehicle count is necessary to separate 

busses into source type ID’s 41 - Intercity (5,882), 42 - Transit (19,993) and 43 - 

School (58,551). This step requires reapportioning busses by registration type 

and vehicle color (“YW” = yellow) for all valid records, as provided in Table 11.12 

below. 

Table 11.12 Bus Reapportion by Registration and Color 

BUSSES INTERCITY TRANSIT SCHOOL # of 

Records 

Registration Type [ # ] Src ID 41 Src ID 42 Src ID 43 Removed 

Political Subdivision [88] 0 19,899 38,340 1,151

Omnibus (regular) [56] 4,763 0 17,640 0

School Car [19] 0 0 2,571 127

Omnibus (vanity + livery) 

 [55, 57] 469 0 0 9

International Reg Plan [70] 301 0 0 0

State Agencies [77] 172 0 0 0

Commercial (Regular) [76] 111 0 0 2

Omnibus (Public Service) 

 [53] 0 94 0 1

Omnibus (Taxi) [54] 42 0 0 0

Passenger or Suburban 

(Regular) [16] 0 0 0 90

Omnibus (Special) [52] 24 0 0 6

Farm/Ag [46, 72] 0 0 0 26

Historical [21] 0 0 0 18

Other [10, 69] 0 0 0 2

Totals 5,882 19,993 58,551 1,432
30 

For comparison, in School Bus Fleet Magazine 2001 Fact Book there are 

22,497 District-owned busses and 23,000 Contractor-owned busses for a total of 

45,497 school busses in NYS. The 2007 National Transit Database lists 9,288 

transit busses in NYS. 

11.8 Source Type ID 51 - Refuse Trucks 

There is no Body or Registration Type that corresponds to any type of 

Garbage or Refuse trucks. It was therefore not possible to pick them out of the 

2007 database with any type of certainty. New York will continue to work on 

identifying methods for accurately segregating, from other source types, vehicle 

counts associated with MOVES source type 51 - Refuse Trucks in future efforts. 

11.9 Source Type ID 52 - Single Unit Short-Haul & 53 - 

Long-Haul Trucks 

There are several truck types that will have a portion of the registered 

vehicles fall into the Single Unit Truck Category. These Body Types are #09 

Fire, #39 Ambulance, #45 Sand Spreaders, #46 Snow Plows, #51 Truck Cranes, 

#52 Small Wheel Truck, #53 Well Driller, #54 Well Servicing Rig, #60 Delivery 

Truck, #61 Dump Truck, #62 Flat Bed Truck, #64 Stake Truck, #65 Tank Truck, 

#66 Refrigerated Truck, #67 Tow Truck, #70 Utility Truck, #95 Cement Mixer. 

There were 314,689 of these vehicle body types in New York in 2007. These are 

shown in Table 11.13. 

Table 11.13 Single Unit Short-Haul Trucks 

Single Unit, Short-Haul Trucks 

(Body Type 09, 39, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 

60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 95 & 

overweight 12, 63, 68) 

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE

CNG 25 0.01%

Diesel 199,657 63.45%

Electric 71 0.02%

Flex 21 0.01%

Gasoline 112,199 35.65%

Propane 333 0.11%

Other 105 0.03%

Unknown/Blank 2,278 0.72%
31 

Further processing of this category requires removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which represent 

counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger cars. 68,629 total 

overweight trucks have to also be added and processed to remove invalid 

records resulting in 64,982 valid records from the passenger and light 

commercial truck categories. 

Because NYSDEC does not have data that would indicate if a vehicle was 

of a long-haul or short-haul variety, all single unit trucks will be modeled as the 

short-haul variety in much the same way that all combination unit trucks are 

being modeled as long-haul. Therefore, there are 280,654 trucks registered in 

New York, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 52. 

11.10 Source Type ID 54 - Motor Homes 

The Body Types of #15 “House on Wheels” will be allocated to Motor 

Homes. There are 29,384 vehicles with a Body Type of #15. These are shown 

in Table 11.14. 

Table 11.14 Motor Homes 

MOTOR HOMES (Body Type 15) 

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE 

CNG 1 0.00% 

Diesel 3,352 11.41% 

Electric 0 0.00% 

Flex 6 0.02% 

Gasoline 25,465 86.66% 

Propane 0 0.00% 

Other 0 0.00% 

Unknown/Blank 560 1.91% 

Further processing of this category requires removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which represent 

counts for registered vehicles other than on-road motor homes. Other 

registration types that need to be identified and removed include contradictory 

registration types such as codes corresponding to motorcycles, busses, and 

tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of invalid 

county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (646 records removed), 

provides a final total of 28,738 motor homes registered in New York, for emission 

inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 54. 
32 

11.11 Source Type ID 61 - Combination Short-Haul & 62 - 

Long-Haul Trucks 

Body Type 58 “Tractor” is the only body type being used for either of the 

combination type trucks. Because NYSDEC does not have data that would 

indicate if a vehicle was of a long-haul or short-haul variety, all combination 

trucks will be modeled as the long-haul variety in much the same way that all 

single unit trucks are being modeled as short-haul. There are 38,733 vehicles of 

this body type in the database. These are shown in Table 11.15. 

Table 11.15 Combination Long-Haul Trucks 

Combination Long-Haul Trucks 

(Body Type 58) 

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE

CNG 0 0.00%

Diesel 36,861 95.17%

Electric 3 0.01%

Flex 2 0.01%

Gasoline 1,849 4.77%

Propane 0 0.00%

Other 0 0.00%

Unknown/Blank 18 0.05%

Further processing of this category for removal of various registration 

types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) or for other types 

inconsistent with this category resulted in no invalid matches for combination 

trucks. Removing additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and 

fuel types “other” and “unknown” (135 records removed), provides a final total of 

38,598 combination long-haul trucks registered in New York, for emission 

inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 62. 

12.0 QA/QC 

Quality assurance (QA) is the systematic measurement, comparison with 

a standard, monitoring of processes and an associated feedback loop that 

confers error prevention. By getting the on-road model inputs right most 

mistakes should be eliminated. QA for on-road inventory development includes 

management of the model inputs. Through the interagency consultation process 
33 

defined under the transportation conformity regulation and regional inventory 

efforts, NYSDEC accomplishes high levels of input QA by sharing information 

with our partners. Through this process NYSDEC receives feedback that is used 

to make all necessary adjustments to the model inputs. For this inventory, our 

partners included all of the state’s municipal planning organizations, the 

NYSDOT, the FHWA, the Federal Transit Administration, the EPA (regional staff 

and staff from the Office of Transportation and Air Quality), other state agencies 

and regional organizations. 

 QA can be contrasted with Quality Control (QC) which is focused on 

process outputs. In developing the on-road inventory through the MOVES model 

NYSDEC staff, along with its many partners, relied on inspection of the 

completed inventories to ensure its alignment with expected outcomes. For this 

effort multiple iterations of the inventory were developed, and adjustments were 

made based on output inconsistencies found through comparison of NYSDEC’s 

data with other state inventories. In some instances this output QC resulted in 

changes to the input, in how the model was run and in adjustments to post 

processing scripts, all of which resulted in a better quality inventory. 

While there are levels of uncertainty associated with every component an 

inventory, the NYSDEC believes that by applying QA/QC procedures throughout 

every step of the process we are developing the best inventory possible. 

NYSDEC further believes that by inspecting both the inputs to the model and the 

inventory outputs and by sharing both during inventory development we are 

constantly able to improve on our emissions results.