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                                    Swift and Certain, Proportionate and Consistent: Key Values of Urine Drug Test Consequences For Probationers (2017)

      

                    
          
    Swift and Certain, Proportionate and Consistent: Key Values of Urine Drug Test Consequences for Probationers (2017)
https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/journalofethics.ama-assn.org/files/2...
  
            More innovative programs now use a UDT (urine drug testing) paradigm with more frequent, random testing providing rapid results and certain, swift consequences and addiction treatment when warranted or requested. Studies have shown these new programs—the foundation of which is frequent, random UDTs—to significantly reduce drug use, criminal recidivism, and incarceration.
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