## B EST 

## A VAILABLE 

## R ETROFIT 

## T ECHNOLOGY 

## A PPLICABILITY 

## A NALYSIS



## O WENS 

## C ORNING 

##  F AIRBURN 

## M ANUFACTURING 

## F ACILITY

Prepared By:

T RINITY 

### C ONSULTANTS 

### 1100 Johnson Ferry Road
Suite 685 Atlanta, Georgia 30342 (404) 256-1919 Project 061101.0055

and

O WENS 

### C ORNING


### 7000 McLarin Road Fairburn, Georgia 30213 (770) 969-2916

December 2006

### OC Fairburn i Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## T ABLE OF 

## C ONTENTS



### 1. I NTRODUCTION 

### ........................................................................................................1
1.1 O VERVIEW OF 

### R EGIONAL 

### H AZE 

### R ULE AND 

### BART R EQUIREMENTS 

### .........................2

1.1.1 D ETERMINATION OF 

### BART- ELIGIBILITY 

### ............................................................... 2

1.1.2 A SSESSMENT OF 

### C ONTRIBUTION TO 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT AND 

### BART

A PPLICABILITY 

### ...................................................................................................... 3

1.1.3 P OTENTIALLY 

### A FFECTED 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS 

### ............................................................. 5

1.1.4 CALPUFF M ODELING 

### A NALYSES 

### ........................................................................ 8


### 1.2 O RGANIZATION OF THE 

### BART A PPLICABILITY 

### A NALYSIS 

### R EPORT 

### ..........................8

2. BART-E LIGIBLE 

### S OURCE 

### D ESCRIPTION 

### ...............................................................9
2.1 BART-E LIGIBLE 

### E MISSION 

### U NITS 

### ............................................................................9
2.2 BART- ELIGIBLE 

### S OURCE 

### M ODEL 

### E MISSIONS 

### I NVENTORY 

### .....................................10

2.2.1 E LECTRIC 

### F URNACE 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### .................................. 14

2.2.2 R ISER 

### /C HANNEL AND 

### F OREHEARTH 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### ......... 17

2.2.3 F ORMING AND 

### C URING 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### .............................. 20

2.2.4 C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### ..................................... 23

2.2.5 A SPHALT 

### A PPLICATION 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### ............................. 25


### 2.3 M ODELED 

### S TACK 

### P ARAMETERS AND 

### E MISSIONS 

### ....................................................26

3. A IR 

### Q UALITY 

### M ODELING 

### A NALYSES 

### ...................................................................28
3.1 A IR 

### Q UALITY 

### M ODELING 

### S YSTEM 

### ..........................................................................28
3.2 S CREENING AND 

### R EFINED 

### A NALYSIS 

### T ECHNIQUES 

### .................................................28

3.2.1 V ISIBILITY 

### A SSESSMENT 

### M ETRIC 

### ........................................................................ 29

3.2.2 M ETEOROLOGICAL AND 

### C OMPUTATIONAL 

### G RIDS 

### .............................................. 29

3.2.3 M ODEL 

### P ROCESSING AND 

### P OSTPROCESSING 

### M ETHODS 

### ...................................... 29


### 3.3 CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### P ROCESSING 

### ............................................................30

3.3.1 CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D OMAINS 

### ............................................................. 30

3.3.2 MM5 S IMULATIONS 

### ............................................................................................. 32

3.3.3 G EOPHYSICAL 

### D ATA 

### ............................................................................................ 32

3.3.4 12- KM 

### S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### CALMET P ROCESSING 

### ....................................... 33

3.3.5 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### CALMET A NALYSES 

### ................................................. 33


### 3.4 CALPUFF M ODEL 

### P ROCESSING 

### ............................................................................33

3.4.1 M ODELED 

### E MISSIONS AND 

### C HEMICAL 

### T RANSFORMATIONS 

### ............................... 34

3.4.2 CALPUFF D ISPERSION 

### A LGORITHMS 

### ................................................................. 38

3.4.3 B UILDING DOWNWASH 

### ........................................................................................ 38

3.4.4 CALPUFF M ODELING 

### D OMAINS AND 

### C LASS 

### I A REA 

### R ECEPTORS 

### ..................... 38

3.4.5 B ACKGROUND 

### O ZONE AND 

### A MMONIA 

### C ONCENTRATIONS 

### ................................. 42

3.4.6 P UFF 

### R EPRESENTATION 

### ....................................................................................... 44

3.4.7 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### CALPUFF A NALYSES 

### ................................................ 44


### 3.5 CALPOST P OSTPROCESSING AND 

### N ATURAL 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONDITIONS FOR


### L IGHT 

### E XTINCTION AND 

### H AZE 

### I NDEX 

### C ALCULATIONS 

### ...........................................44

### OC Fairburn ii Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 3.5.1 POSTUTIL P ROCESSING 

### ..................................................................................... 45

3.5.2 C LASS 

### I A REA



### - SPECIFIC 

### N ATURAL 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONDITIONS 

### ........................ 45

3.5.3 F URTHER 

### R EFINEMENTS 

### ...................................................................................... 48

3.5.4 V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### C ALCULATION 

### ...................................................................... 49

3.5.5 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### P OSTPROCESSING 

### A NALYSES 

### ..................................... 49



### 4. S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### R ESULTS 

### ...........................................................................50
4.1 S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### I MPACTS AT 

### C OHUTTA 

### ........................................................50
4.2 S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### I MPACTS AT 

### G REAT 

### S MOKY 

### M OUNTAINS 

### ...........................50
4.3 S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### I MPACTS AT 

### J OYCE 

### K ILMER 

### ................................................51
4.4 S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### I MPACTS AT 

### S HINING 

### R OCK 

### ................................................51
4.5 S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### I MPACTS AT 

### S IPSEY 

### .............................................................52
4.6 S UMMARY OF 

### S CREENING 

### A NALYSES 

### .....................................................................52

5. C ONCLUSIONS 

### ........................................................................................................53

A PPENDIX 

### A. VISTAS BART M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL 

### (R EVISION 

### 3.2, A UGUST 

### 31, 2006)



### A PPENDIX 

### B. S AMPLE 

### CALPUFF, POSTUTIL, AND 

### CALPOST I NPUT 

### F ILES



### A PPENDIX 

### C. C OMPARATIVE 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### E XPLICIT 

### CALPUFF M ODELING



### A PPENDIX 

### D. E LECTRONIC 

### M EDIA 

### D ATA 

### F ILE 

### I NDEX

### OC Fairburn 1 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 1. I NTRODUCTION

Owens Corning (OC) operates a fiberglass manufactur ing facility in Fairburn, Georgia located in Fulton County (OC Fairburn). The facility current ly operates under Title V Operating Permit No. 3296-121-0021-V-01-0, issued by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) on July 31, 2003, and Title V Operating Permit Amendment No. 3296-121-0 021-V-01-1, effective December 14, 2005. The plant manufactures wool fiberglass insulation with varying characteristics such as R-value (measure of resistance to heat fl ow), loss on ignition or LOI (percent decrease in weight after ignition), and size. Raw materials ar e received by rail car and truck and are transferred to one of three glass melting furnaces at the facility . Molten glass from the furnace passes through a conditioning riser/channel into the forehearth, whic h then delivers the molten glass to the forming section where it is formed into a downward flowing ve il of fibers. The veil is sprayed with water and coated with a phenol/formaldehyde resin-based bi nder solution and then collected, formed into a pack, and transferred to the curing oven. The pack then enters the cooling section prior to final product finishing operations, which can include trim ming, cutting, printing, facing application, and bagging or rolling.

EPD considers the OC Fairburn facility eligible to be regulated under the Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) provisions of the Regional Haze Rule. Once a source is deemed BART-eligible, air quality modeling is used to determine whether the emissions from the facility’s BART-eligible sources cause or contribute to visibility impairment at any federally protected Class I area, and hence whether the facility is subject to BART and a BART determination is necessary. The BART applicability analysis presented in this report demonstr ates that OC’s Fairburn facility is not subject to BART requirements because the facility neither causes nor contributes to visibility impairment at any Class I area within 300 km of the facility.

OC submitted an initial source-specific BART App licability Modeling Protocol on August 10, 2006, and subsequently received comments from EPD on A ugust 29, 2006. In addition to these commentson the source-specific modeling protocol for the Fairburn facility, OC’s evaluation of BARTeligibility and the modeling methods used to determ ine applicability of BART as described in this report are consistent with the following guidance documents:

S 

### U.S. EPA, “Regional Haze Regulations and Guideline for Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Determinations,” Federal Register Volume 70, Number 128, July 6, 2005.

S 

### U.S. EPA, Guidance for Tracking Progress under the Regional Haze Rule (EPA-54/B-03-004), September 2003.

S 

### U.S. EPA, Guidance for Estimating Natural Visib ility Conditions under the Regional Haze

Rule (EPA-454/B-03-005), October 2003.

S 

### U.S. EPA, Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) Phase 2 Summary Report (EPA-454/R-98-019), December 1998.

S 

### U.S. EPA, Guideline on Air Quality Models , 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix W (Revised, November 9, 2005).

### OC Fairburn 2 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis S 

### VISTAS, Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model for Analyses of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART), Revision 3.2 , August 31, 2006.

S 

### VISTAS and U.S. EPA, “Q&A for Source by Sour ce BART Rule” (Draft), October 28, 2005.

S 

### Georgia EPD, electronic communication to BART-eligible sources, multiple dates.

The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as revised on August 31, 2006, is incorporated by reference for OC’s source-specific modeling analyses, and is presen ted in Appendix A of this BART Applicability Analysis report. The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol and related information (generally made

available at the VISTAS BART website 1 

### ) established common technical approaches for quantifying emissions from BART-eligible emission units and conducting screening and refined modeling analyses using the CALPUFF modeling system and co mmon data resources. OC’s analyses generally

adhere to the recommendations made in the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as described in this report and adapted per EPD guidance to the source-speci fic analysis of visibility impacts attributable

to the Fairburn Plant.



## 1.1 O VERVIEW OF 

## R EGIONAL 

## H AZE 

## R ULE AND 

## BART R EQUIREMENTS

The Regional Haze Rule requires that major sources of visibility-affecting pollutants belonging to one or more of 26 specific industrial source categories evaluate BART if the source was “in existence” (i.e., built or reconstructed) before August 7, 1977 and began opera tion after August 7, 1962. Such sources are termed “BART-eligible sources.” Major sources of visibility-affecting pollutants have the potential to emit 250 tons per year (tpy) of one or more of oxides of nitrogen (NO X 

### ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 

### ), and particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 

### ). Glass fiber processing plants are one of the listed source cat egories, and include process units and support facilities that are considered to be part of majo r Standard Industrial Classification 32 – Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products. Hereafter, the “BART- eligible source” is taken to mean the collection of sources at a facility in existence during the relevant time period within one or more BART source categories that has potential emissions of one or more visibility-affecting pollutants in excess of 250 tpy. The BART-eligible source may include mu ltiple emission units, but need not include the entire facility.



### 1.1.1 D ETERMINATION OF 

### BART- ELIGIBILITY



### The U.S. EPA BART guidelines define the fo llowing three steps for determining which sources at a facility are BART-eligible:

1. Identify the emission units in the BART source categories. 2. Identify the start-up dates of those units. 3. Compare potential emissions to the 250 tpy cutoff.

EPD has determined that nineteen emission units comprise the BART-eligible sources at the OC Fairburn facility because the units opera te at a glass fiber processing facility, were in existence on August 7, 1977, and began ope ration after August 7, 1962. This collection

1 http://vistas-sesarm.org/BART/index.asp

### OC Fairburn 3 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis of emission units has potential emissions of 1,049 tpy NO X 

### , 641 tpy PM 10 

### , and 129 tpy SO 2 

### . Accordingly, the BART-eligible emission units at OC’s Fairburn facility were analyzed to evaluate whether the facility is exempt from BART. Specific information about these emission units is provided in Sec tion 2 of this BART applicability report.



### 1.1.2 A SSESSMENT OF 

### C ONTRIBUTION TO 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPAIRMENT AND 

### BART A PPLICABILITY



### In its role as technical analysis coordi nator, VISTAS developed a common modeling protocol and data resources for use by state regulatory agencies and BART-eligible

sources. The final VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol was issued on December 22, 2005, was revised most recently on August 31, 2006, and prescribes modeling techniques and data resources to conduct screening and refined analyses to assess whether a BARTeligible source is subject to BART.

A BART-eligible source is determined to be subject to BART if the source causes or contributes to visibility impairment at a federally protected Class I area. Causation is defined as a single-source impact of 1.0 deciview s (dv) or more and contribution is defined as a single-source impact of 0.5 dv or more (each evaluated on a 24-hour average basis). The deciview is a metric used to represent normalized light extinction attributable to visibility-affecting pollutants. To determ ine whether a BART-eligible facility causes or contributes to visibility impairment, U.S. EPA guidance requires the use of an air quality model, specifically recommending the CA LPUFF modeling system, to quantify the impacts attributable to a single BART-eligibl e source. Because contribution to visibility impairment is sufficient cause to require a BART determination, 0.5 dv is the critical threshold for assessment of BART applicability.

Regional haze is quantified using the light extinction coefficient ( b ext 

### ), which is expressed in terms of the haze index expressed in dv. The haze index ( HI ) is calculated as shown in the following equation.

⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= 10 ln 10 ext b HI



### The impact of a BART-eligible source is determined by comparing HI for estimated natural background conditions with the impact of the source and without the impact of the source. The background extinction coefficient b ext, background 

### is affected by various chemical species and the Rayleigh scattering phenomenon and can be calculated as shown in the following equation.

### OC Fairburn 4 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis ray ap coarse soil OC NO SO background ext b b b b b b b km b + + + + + + = −

3 4 ) ( 1

,



### where,



### ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 

## ( ) ( ) 

## [ ] 3 1 3 4 3 4 2 4 4

m μg in ion Concentrat Function Humidity Relative default by Mm 10 Scattering Rayleigh

EC 10 Mass Coarse 6

. 0 Soil 1 OC 4 NO NH 3 SO

NH 3

= =

= = = = = = =

−

RH f b b b b b RH f b RH f b

Ray

ap Coarse Soil OC NO SO 

## ( ) 

## [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

molecules air to due scattering is Scattering Rayleigh carbon elemental of ion concentrat the denotes EC dusts coarse of ion concentrat the denotes Mass Coarse soils fine of ion concentrat the denotes Soil carbon organic of ion concentrat the denotes OC ion concentrat nitrate ammonium the denotes NO NH ion concentrat sulfate ammonium the denotes SO NH

3 4 4 2 4



### Values for the parameters listed above specifi c to the natural background conditions at the Class I areas considered in this modeling protocol are provided on an annual average basis

in the U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule

. 2 

### More detailed info rmation about the natu ral background conditions particular to Class I areas potentially affected by OC’s operations at the Fairburn Plant are provided in Section 3.5 of this modeling protocol.

Particulate species that affect visibility are emitted from anthropogenic sources in various phases and include coarse particulate matter (PMC), fine particulate matter (PMF), secondary organic aerosols (SOA), and elemental carbon (EC), as well as precursors to fine particulate matter such as SO 2 

### and NO X 

### . OC’s calculation of speciated visibility-affecting pollutant emissions is presented in Section 2 of this applicability report. The extinction coefficient due to emissions of visibility-a ffecting pollutants from a single BART-eligible

source b ext,source 

### is calculated using an air quality model. The extinction due to the BARTeligible source is calculated as s hown in the following equation.

2 U.S. EPA, Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule , Table 2-1, Attachment A, September 2003, EPA-454/B-03-005.

### OC Fairburn 5 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

# ( )

EC SOA PMF PMC NO SO source ext b b b b b b km b + + + + + = −

3 4 1

,



### where,



### ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] 3 3 4 3 4 2 4 4

m μg in ion Concentrat Function Humidity Relative EC 10 PMC 6

. 0 PMF 1 SOA 4 NO

NH 3 SO

NH 3

= =

=

= = = = =

RH f b b b b RH f b RH f b

EC

PMC PMF SOA NO SO 

## ( ) 

# [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] carbon elemental of ion concentrat the denotes EC PM coarse of ion concentrat the denotes PMC PM fine of ion concentrat the denotes PMF aerosol s organic secondary of ion concentrat the denotes SOA ion concentrat nitrate ammonium the denotes NO NH ion concentrat sulfate ammonium the denotes SO NH

3 4 4 2 4



### 1.1.3 P OTENTIALLY 

### A FFECTED 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS



### OC used screening modeling techniques as described in the VISTAS BART Modeling

Protocol to determine whether BART-eligible operations at the Fairburn manufacturing facility contribute to visibility impairment at any Class I areas. The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol specifies that all Class I areas within 300 km of a BART-eligible source

must be evaluated to determine whether the source contributes to visibility impairment. Table 1-1 summarizes the distances separating the OC Fairburn facility from all Class I areas within the VISTAS region and adj acent states. Consistent with the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol , only those Class I areas within 300 km were considered further in the BART applicability modeling analysis.

### OC Fairburn 6 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 1-1. D ISTANCES 

### ( KILOMETERS 

### ) S EPARATING 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS AND 

### F AIRBURN 

### F ACILITY

Class I Area Distance (km)

Breton (LA/MS) 561 Cape Romain (SC) 466 Chassahowitzka (FL) 563
Cohutta (GA) 144 Dolly Sods (WV) 759 Everglades (FL) 913
Great Smoky Mountains (NC/TN) 223 Hercules Glade (AR) 826 James River Face (VA) 642
Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock (NC) 209 Linville Gorge (NC) 352 Mammoth Cave (KY) 418 Mingo (MO) 630 Okefenokee (GA) 351 Otter Creek (WV) 741 Shenandoah (VA) 718
Shining Rock (NC) 253
Sipsey (AL) 267 St. Marks (FL) 380 Swanquarter (NC) 775 Wolf Island (GA) 392



### Figure 1-1 illustrates the location of the Fair burn facility and its location relative to the following federally protected Class I areas that are located within 300 km of OC’s Fairburn operations:

S 

### Cohutta Wilderness Area located approximately 144 km north of the Fairburn facility

S 

### Great Smoky Mountains National Park located approximately 223 km northnortheast of the Fairburn facility

S 

### Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area located approximately 209 km northnortheast of the Fairburn facility

S 

### Shining Rock Wilderness Area located approximately 253 km northeast of the Fairburn facility

S 

### Sipsey Wilderness Area located approximately 267 km west-northwest of the Fairburn facility.

The locations of Class I areas and receptor lo cations evaluated in the modeling analysis were determined by, and obtained from, the U.S. Forest Service, which is the FLM for

### OC Fairburn 7 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis Cohutta, Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock, Shining Ro ck, and Sipsey Wilderness Areas, and the National Park Service, which is the FLM for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 3



### F IGURE 

### 1-1. L OCATION OF 

### OC’ S 

### F AIRBURN 

### F ACILITY 

### R ELATIVE TO 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS 

### W ITHIN 

### 300 KM

3 National Park Service compilation of Class I area re ceptors, http://www2.nature. nps.gov/air/maps/receptors/.

### OC Fairburn 8 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 1.1.4 CALPUFF M ODELING 

### A NALYSES



### As recommended by the U.S. EPA BART guidelines and VIST AS BART Modeling

Protocol , the CALPUFF modeling system was used to compute the 24-hour average visibility impairment attributable to OC’s Fairburn Plant to assess whether the 0.5 dv contribution threshold is exceeded, and if so , the frequency, duration, and magnitude of any exceedance events. CALPUFF is a refined ai r quality modeling system that is capable of simulating the dispersion, chemical transf ormation, and long-range transport of multiple visibility-affecting pollutant emissions from a single source and is therefore preferred for BART applicability and determination anal yses. The CALPUFF modeling system is

described in technical detail in the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as revised and its use in screening and refined analyses for BART applicability assessment of OC’s Fairburn Plant was described in Sections 3, 4, and 5 of the source-specific modeling protocol prepared for the Fairburn Plant.



## 1.2 O RGANIZATION OF THE 

## BART A PPLICABILITY 

## A NALYSIS 

## R EPORT

The remainder of this BART Applicability An alysis report is organized as follows.

▲ 

### Section 2 describes the BART-eligible emission units at OC and the emission rates modeled in the BART Applicability Analysis.

▲ 

### Section 3 describes the procedural and technical guidance for conducting Class I area analyses using the CALPUFF modeling system, including the data resources, technical modeling options, and quality assurance met hods used in the CALMET, CALPUFF, and CALPOST analyses.

▲ 

### Section 4 describes the results of the screening modeling analyses.

▲ 

### Section 5 presents a summary of the BART A pplicability Analysis and conclusion that the Fairburn facility is not subject to BART.

Supplemental information is provided in several appe ndices to this report. Appendix A contains the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol. Appendix B c ontains sample model and postprocessing input and output files used for OC’s analysis of the Fairburn Plant. Appendix C presents a comparative analysis demonstrating the exp licit modeling approach used in CALPUFF. Electronic copies of model input and output files are provided on electronic media accompanying this BART Applicability Analysis Report, a file index for which is presented in Appendix D.

### OC Fairburn 9 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 2. BART-E LIGIBLE 

## S OURCE 

## D ESCRIPTION

This section of the BART Applicability Analysis modeling report describes the emission units that comprise the BART-eligible source at OC’s Fairbur n facility. Emissions and exhaust characteristics of each source are quantified to demonstrate how each source will be represented in the modeling analysis.



## 2.1 BART-E LIGIBLE 

## E MISSION 

## U NITS

OC reviewed the criteria for BART-eligibility and determined that the nineteen emission units described in Table 2-1 comprise the BART -eligible source at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-1. S UMMARY OF 

### BART- ELIGIBLE 

### E MISSION 

### U NITS



### Note that for the purposes of this BART Appli cability Analysis, VISTAS a nd EPD have determined that volatile organic compounds (VOC) are not visibility-affecting pollutants. Section 4.1.3 of the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol describes the regional modeling analyses showing that cumulative VOC emissions do not contribute to visibility impairment within the VISTAS region:

VOC emissions from all anthropogenic point sources in every VISTAS State were reduced by 100% (i.e., eliminated). The ma ximum 24-hr impact of all VOC emissions from all point sources throughout the VISTAS domain was thus determined to be less than 0.5 dv (compared to annual average natural background) at every Class I area in the VISTAS domain and in adjacent States. It follows that the impact of any one BART-eligible source would be much less than 0.5 dv. Based on these analyses, the

VISTAS States have concluded that VOC emissions from BART sources do not cause Unit ID Name Description Date

Built Emits PM, NO X , SO 2 ? Include in BART Modeling?

FG11 FG-1 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace 1971 Yes Yes

FG12 FG-1 Risers Flow Channel 1971 Yes Yes

FG13 FG-1 Forehearth Flow Channel 1971 Yes Yes FG14 FG-1 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass Fibers 1971 Yes Yes FG15 FG-1 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing Oven 1971 Yes Yes FG16 FG-1 Cooling Section Cooling with Ambient Air 1971 Yes Yes FG17 FG-1 Flexographic Printing Insulation Facing Flexographic Printer 1971 No No - Emits only VOC FG18 FG-1 Asphalt Application Asphalt Coating of Paper or Foil 1971 Yes Yes FG21 FG-2 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace 1972 Yes Yes

FG22 FG-2 Risers Flow Channel 1972 Yes Yes

FG23 FG-2 Forehearth Flow Channel 1972 Yes Yes FG24 FG-2 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass Fibers 1972 Yes Yes FG25 FG-2 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing Oven 1972 Yes Yes FG26 FG-2 Cooling Section Cooling with Ambient Air 1972 Yes Yes FG27 FG-2 Flexographic Printing Insulation Facing Flexographic Printer 1972 No No - Emits only VOC FG28 FG-2 Asphalt Application Asphalt Coating of Paper or Foil 1972 Yes Yes FG31 FG-3 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace 1974 Yes Yes

FG32 FG-3 Risers Flow Channel 1974 Yes Yes

FG33 FG-3 Forehearth Flow Channel 1974 Yes Yes FG34 FG-3 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass Fibers 1974 Yes Yes FG35 FG-3 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing Oven 1974 Yes Yes FG36 FG-3 Cooling Section Cooling with Ambient Air 1991 Yes No - Built after applicability date

### OC Fairburn 10 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis or contribute to visibility impairment and do not need to be included in BART analyses.

As a result of this determination, emissions of VOC from OC’s Fairburn facility were not further

evaluated. The nineteen emission units indicated in Table 2-1 will be considered the BART-eligible sources at OC’s Fairburn facility.



## 2.2 BART- ELIGIBLE 

## S OURCE 

## M ODEL 

## E MISSIONS 

## I NVENTORY

Whereas the BART eligibility determination relies on potential emissions of visibility-affecting pollutants, the BART Applicability Analysis util izes maximum actual 24-hour average emission rates

of NO X 

### , SO 2 

### , and PM 10 

### . The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol specifies the following hierarchy of

information resources to establish the maximum act ual 24-hour average emission rate for BART applicability modeling over the prior three-to-five year period:

S 

### 24-hour maximum emissions observed using a Continuous Emission Monitor (CEM) for the period 2001 through 2003

S 

### 24-hour maximum emissions observed using a CEM for any representative period

S 

### Facility stack test emissions

S 

### Potential to emit

S 

### Permit allowable emissions

OC used a combination of representative stack t est data, potential emissions based on enforceable emissions and operating limits, and AP-42 emission factors to determine the 24-hour average maximum actual emission rates of visibility-affecting pollutants. The estimated maximum actual emissions are equal to potential emissions at the Fairburn facility. Table 2-2 summarizes these emission rates from each BART-eligible emissions unit considered in the applicability modeling analysis.

### OC Fairburn 11 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 2-2. S UMMARY OF 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### M AXIMUM 

### A CTUAL 

### E MISSION 

### R ATES

* Emissions from each line’s forming and curing sections are routed together in a mixing chamber prior to being released to the atmosphere. Emissions are quantified at the outlet of the mixing chamber.



### Table 2-2 includes 24-hour maximum emission rat es of primary sulfates (from process sources and combustion sources) and distinguishes the emission rates of Total PM 10 

### (TPM 10 

### ), which includes

emissions of TPM 2.5 

### . Modeling of visibility impairment requires that the components of the exhaust stream be speciated because different types of partic ulate matter affect visibility to varying extents. The amount by which a mass of a certain species scatters or absorbs light is termed the extinction efficiency or extinction coefficient , and ranges from values of 0.6 m 2 

### /g for coarse particulate matter to

10 m 2 

### /g for elemental carbon. Fine particulate matter (1 m 2 

### /g) and organic aerosols (4 m 2 

### /g) scatter light with intermediate efficiencies, and ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (that forms from precursor SO 2 

### and NO X 

### emissions in the presence of ambient am monia) are hygroscopic species that are particularly efficient light scatters in the presence of ambient water vapor (3 f

(RH) m 2 

### /g, where f

(RH) is a function of the relative humidity). Th e size distribution of particle species is also important, since smaller particles may be trans ported longer distances than larger particles and dispersed differently under prevailing ambient conditions. Figure 2-1 depicts the speciation of visibility-affecting pollutant emissions as represented in the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol

. SO 2 Emissions NO X Emissions Total PM 10 Emissions Total PM 2.5 Emissions Primary SO 4 Emissions Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Furnace FG11 2.26 86.52 4.85 2.51 0.05
FG1 Riser/Channel FG12 0.13 0.29 7.63 3.83 0.03

FG1 Forehearth FG12 0.07 0.50 2.01 1.02 1.3E-02 FG1 Mixing Chamber - 6.23 35.81 60.00 54.00 0.38 FG1 Forming Section FG14 FG1 Curing Oven FG15 FG1 Cooling Section FG16 - - 5.49 4.94 0.03 FG1 Asphalt Application FG18 - - 0.09 0.09 -

FG2 Furnace - Process FG21 5.23 56.71 4.76 2.48 0.05
FG2 Riser/Channel - Process FG22 1.3E-02 - 0.25 0.12 6.8E-04

FG2 Forehearth - Process FG23 1.7E-03 - 2.8E-02 1.4E-02 7.8E-05 FG2 Mixing Chamber - 7.00 9.60 29.50 26.55 0.22 FG2 Forming Section - Process FG24 FG2 Curing Oven - Process FG25 FG2 Cooling Section FG26 -

- 1.50 1.35 7.4E-03 FG2 Asphalt Application FG28 -

- 0.09 0.09 -

FG3 Furnace - Process FG31 1.15 44.58 2.51 1.33 0.03
FG3 Riser/Channel - Process FG32 0.06 0.10 3.86 1.94 1.2E-02

FG3 Forehearth - Process FG33 0.03 0.22 1.01 0.52 6.1E-03 FG3 Mixing Chamber - 7.49 5.53 24.00 21.60 0.16 FG3 Forming Section - Process FG34 FG3 Curing Oven - Process FG35

### OC Fairburn 12 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 2-1. P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION 

### ( AFTER 

### F IGURE 

### 4-3 OF THE 

### VISTAS BART M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL 

### )

While few data are available to estimate speciat ed emissions, OC has reviewed what data are available to arrive at a conservative, yet reasona ble estimate of speciated emissions. However, it should be noted that the data quality on PM speci ation is inadequate for setting regulatory emission limits and are provided here solely as the best estim ated data for a scientific analysis of potential impacts on visibility impairment at Class I areas using CALPUFF modeling. The following analysis does not represent source test results for specific sources at the Fairburn facility.

NO X 

### emissions from the Fairburn facility’s BART-eligible sources result from process and combustion operations and are largely based on pe rmit limits, source testing, and/or AP-42 emission factors. Similarly, SO 2 

### emissions emanate from both process and combustion sources, and are mostly based on source testing and/or AP-42 emission factors. Primary emissions of sulfuric acid mists or vapors, if any, are assumed to occur as only a small percentage of the primary PM 2.5 

### emissions using

the SMOKE PM 2.5 

### speciation factors as given on the VISTAS website. 4 

### Because of the condensable

nature of such emissions and the distinct effect on visibility caused by sulfates, primary sulfate is evaluated as a distinct, speciated particulate fraction. Further speciation of PM 2.5 

### emissions using the

SMOKE PM 2.5 

### profiles was used to further partition bot h condensable and filterable emissions. Table 2-3 gives definitions for the nomenclature used herein.

4 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp

### OC Fairburn 13 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 2-3. N OMENCLATURE FOR 

### E MISSIONS 

### S PECIATION 

### A NALYSIS

Nomenclature Description

TSP Total suspended particulate, filterable PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 30 μ m PM 10 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μ m PM 6-10 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 6 and < 10 μ m PM 2.5-6 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 and < 6 μ m PM 2.5 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μ m PM 1.25-2.5 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 1.25 and < 2.5 μ m PM 1-1.25 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 1.0 and < 1.25 μ m PM 0.625-1 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 0.625 and < 1.0 μ m PM 0.5-0.625 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter > 0.5 and < 0.625 μ m PM <0.5 Filterable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 0.5 μ m CPM Condensable particulate matt er (organic and inorganic) POC Primary organic condensable emissions PIC Primary inorganic condensable emissions POA Primary organic aerosol

TPM 10 Filterable PM 10 + CPM

TPM 2.5 Filterable PM 2.5 + CPM



### These PM classifications are necessar y in the Class I visibility analysis because each type of PM has a different effect on visibility as defined by the extin ction efficiency. The emission rates of each of these particulate phases and size categories are modeled in CALPUFF and grouped according to visibility-affecting characteristics as was illustrated in Figure 2-1. Elemental carbon (EC), if emitted, typically results from unburned carbonaceous fuel a nd is distinguished from other PM types because of its light extinction characteristics. It is assume d that all EC falls within two particle size bins:

PM <0.5 

### and PM 0.5-0.625



### . 5 

### Coarse PM (PMC) comprises PM 2.5-6 

### and PM 6-10 

### . Fine PM (PMF) comprises

PM <0.5 

### , PM 0.5-0.625 

### , PM 0.625-1 

### , PM 1-1.25 

### , and PM 1.25-2.5 

### . Condensable particulate matter (CPM) comprises both organic and inorganic species. The organi c fraction of CPM is represented in CALPUFF as primary organic condensable (POC) emissions, which are direct emissions but are sometimes referred to as secondary organic aerosols (SOA) by convention and due to the representation of their visibilityaffecting characteristics in the light extinction equa tion. Primary emissions of inorganic CPM (PIC) may contain hygroscopic sulfates (SO 4 

### ) and nitrates (NO 3 

### ), as well as other salts (e.g., carbonates) that may be hygroscopic to a lesser degree, and hen ce are considered in a manner similar to PMF (i.e., as soil) in terms of light extinction. 6 

### Therefore, it is important to distinguish inorganic CPM since certain hygroscopic species (i.e., sulfate and nitrat e species) will have a greater extinction coefficient than non-hygroscopic (i.e., non-sulfate and non-n itrate) species. Even the distinction between primary sulfate and nitrate emissions is important si nce primary nitrate emissions will be affected by the partitioning of nitrate and nitric acid in th e presence of ambient ammonia, which is modeled explicitly in CALPUFF. OC distinguishes primary em issions of sulfates and nitrates, which would be

5 Seinfeld, John H. and Spyros N. Pandis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998, page 707.

6 The U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Tracking Progre ss under the Regional Haze Rule identifies carbonates, magnesium oxides, and sodium oxides as components of the soil mass concentrat ion when analyzed to assess natural background visibility (Malm 1994).

### OC Fairburn 14 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis assigned to the appropriate modeled PM type (i.e., SO 4 

### and NO 3 

### , respectively), from non-hygroscopic species (e.g., carbonates), which would be modele d as non-hygroscopic PIC species. Inorganic condensable emissions are assumed to be PIC unless a specific emission factor for primary sulfate or

nitrate emissions is available.

Table 2-4 summarizes the grouping of PM species and extinction coefficient of each component. A discussion of the PM speciation methodologies for each of the BART-eligible sources at the Fairburn facility is presented in the fo llowing sections of this protocol.

T ABLE 

### 2-4. A SSIGNMENT OF 

### E MITTED 

### PM S PECIES TO 

### M ODELED 

### PM C ATEGORIES

Modeled
PM Category † Components Output Category ‡ Extinction
Coefficient (m 2 /g)

PMC Filterable coarse particles (PM 6-10 , PM 2.5-6 ) PMC 0.6 PMF Filterable fine particles (PM 1.25-2.5 , PM 1-1.25 , PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 , PM <0.5 ) SOIL 1 PIC Non-hygroscopic, primary inorganic condensable (PIC) emissions* SOIL 1 SO4 Primary inorganic condensable emissions of sulfates SO4 3 f

(RH) NO3 Primary inorganic condensable emissions of nitrates* NO3 3 f

(RH) POC Primary organic condensable emissions SOA 4

EC Uncombusted carbonaceous fuel EC 10

* In the screening analyses, all condensab le, non-sulfate inorganic emissions will be represented as PIC emissions. The refine d analysis, if necessary, would distinguish between primary nitrate and other pr imary condensable i norganic emissions. † Modeled PM Category denotes the input of emissions data into CALPUFF. ‡ Output Category denotes the assignment of modeled emissions in POSTUTIL for the visibility calculations in CALPOST.



### 2.2.1 E LECTRIC 

### F URNACE 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION



### To speciate PM emissions from the electric glass melting furnaces, the PM 2.5 

### portion of

PM 10 

### emissions was first calculated based on engineering estimates made by OC personnel. 7 

### Speciation factors from SMOKE PM 2.5 

### , as provided by VISTAS, were then

used to divide PM 2.5 

### emissions into various categories. It was assumed that emissions within a particular PM category are equally distri buted to all size bins within that category. The relevant size bins are given within the “Revised BART Speciation Template” available

on the VISTAS website. 8 

### Table 2-5 summarizes the applicable data for this source.

7 E-mail communication from Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) to Ms. Melissa Antoine (Trinity Consultants) on July 23, 2006.

8 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp

### OC Fairburn 15 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 2-5. E LECTRIC 

### G LASS 

### M ELTING 

### F URNACE 

### S PECIATION 

### D ATA



### Using the information presented in Tabl e 2-5, OC first calculated process TPM 10 

### emissions from each furnace by multiplying the maximum hour ly TSP emission rate of 0.75 lb/ton of glass pulled by the glass pull rate of each fu rnace, which for the FG-1 Furnace, yields 4.69 lb/hr. For the glass melting furnaces, OC personnel estimate that approximately 50%

of PM 10 

### emissions are PM 2.5 

### . Multiplying PM 10 

### emissions by 50% results in PM 2.5 

### emissions from the FG-1 Furnace of 2.34 lb/hr.

Next, PM 2.5 

### is speciated into the categories given in Table 2-5. An example is provided below for process PEC emissions from the FG-1 Furnace.

hour categories size all PEC lb 05

. 0 TPM

PEC % 2 hr TPM lb 2.34

2.5 2.5

= ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

× ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛



### Emissions are calculated for the remaining PM 2.5 

### categories listed in Table 2-5 in a similar

manner.

The glass melting furnaces at the Fairburn fac ility are equipped with back-up natural gas burners. Normally, these burners do not opera te; however, for conservatism in estimating maximum 24-hour emissions, it is assumed that the burners are firing at their rated capacity throughout a single 24-hour period. Combustion PM emissions are speciated using factors

from SMOKE PM 2.5 

### , as available on the VISTAS website. Table 2-6 presents the speciation factors for all combusti on sources at the Fairburn facility. Speciation Data Value Reference

PM 2.5 as a % of PM 10 50.00% Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) Primary EC as a % of PM 2.5 2.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary PM 2.5 as a % of PM 2.5 63.30% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary NO 3 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary OA as a % of PM 2.5 33.60% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary SO 4 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033

### OC Fairburn 16 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 2-6. S PECIATION 

### F ACTORS FOR 

### C OMBUSTION 

### S OURCES



### Table 2-7 presents speciated PM emissions (combined process and combustion emissions) for the glass melting furnaces at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-7. G LASS 

### M ELTING 

### F URNACES 

### S PECIATED 

### PM E MISSIONS



### Figures 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 present a graphical representation of the PM speciation for the glass melting furnaces at the Fairburn facility.

F IGURE 

### 2-2. FG-1 F URNACE 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### ) Speciation Data Value Reference

PM 2.5 as a % of PM 10 100.00% AP-42, Chapter 1.4, Table 1.4-2 Primary EC as a % of PM 2.5 0.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22004 Primary PM 2.5 as a % of PM 2.5 19.45% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22004 Primary NO 3 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22004 Primary OA as a % of PM 2.5 60.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22004 Primary SO 4 as a % of PM 2.5 20.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22004

Total PM 10 Total PM 2.5 PM 10 - PM 2.5 PEC PPM 2.5 PNO 3 POA PSO 4 Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Furnace FG11 4.85 2.51 2.34 0.05 1.52 0.01 0.89 0.05

FG2 Furnace FG21 4.76 2.48 2.27 0.05 1.48 0.01 0.89 0.05

FG3 Furnace FG31 2.51 1.33 1.19 0.02 0.78 0.01 0.48 0.03

FG-1 Furnace

0.01 0.02 0.44

1.17

0.76 0.02 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 17 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-3. FG-2 F URNACE 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )

F IGURE 

### 2-4. FG-3 F URNACE 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



### 2.2.2 R ISER 

### /C HANNEL AND 

### F OREHEARTH 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION



### To speciate PM emissions from the risers/channels and forehearths, the PM 2.5 

### portion of

PM 10 

### emissions was first calculated based on engineering estimates made by OC personnel. 9 

### Speciation factors from SMOKE PM 2.5 

### , as provided by VISTAS, were then

used to divide PM 2.5 

### emissions into various categories. It was assumed that emissions within a particular PM category are equally distri buted to all size bins within that category. The relevant size bins are given within the “Revised BART Speciation Template” available

on the VISTAS website. 10 

### Table 2-8 summarizes the applicable data for this source.

9 E-mail communication from Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) to Ms. Melissa Antoine (Trinity Consultants) on July 23, 2006.

10 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp FG-2 Furnace

0.01 0.03 0.44

1.14

0.74 0.02 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

FG-3 Furnace

0.01 0.03 0.48

1.19

0.78 0.02 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 18 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 2-8. R ISER 

### /C HANNEL AND 

### F OREHEARTH 

### S PECIATION 

### D ATA



### Using the information presented in Tabl e 2-8, OC first calculated process TPM 10 

### emissions from each riser/channel and forehearth by multiplying the applicable maximum hourly TSP emission rate of by the glass pull rate of the corresponding glass melting furnace, which for the FG-1 Riser/Channel, yields 7.61 lb/hr, and for the FG-1 Forehearth, yields 1.97 lb/hr. Similar to the glass melting furnaces, OC personnel estimate that approximately 50% of

PM 10 

### emissions from the riser/channel and forehearth are PM 2.5 

### . Multiplying process PM 10 

### emissions by 50% results in PM 2.5 

### emissions from the FG-1 Riser/Channel of 3.81 lb/hr

and from the FG-1 Forehearth of 0.98 lb/hr.

Next, PM 2.5 

### is speciated into the categories given in Table 2-8. An example is provided below for process PEC emissions from the FG-1 Riser/Channel.

hour categories size all PEC lb 08

. 0 TPM

PEC % 2 hr TPM lb 3.81

2.5 2.5

= ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

× ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛



### Emissions are calculated for the remaining PM 2.5 

### categories listed in Table 2-8 in a similar

manner. Combustion emissions from the risers/channels and forehearth are calculated using the previously described methodology and the speciation profile given in Table 2-6. Table 2-9 presents speciated PM emissions (combined process and combustion emissions) for the risers/channels and forehearths at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-9. R ISER 

### /C HANNEL AND 

### F OREHEARTH 

### S PECIATED 

### PM E MISSIONS Speciation Data Value Reference

PM 2.5 as a % of PM 10 50.00% Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) Primary EC as a % of PM 2.5 2.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary PM 2.5 as a % of PM 2.5 63.30% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary NO 3 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary OA as a % of PM 2.5 33.60% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary SO 4 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033

Total PM 10 Total PM 2.5 PM 10 - PM 2.5 PEC PPM 2.5 PNO 3 POA PSO 4 Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Riser/Channel FG12 7.63 3.83 3.81 0.08 2.41 0.02 1.29 0.03

FG2 Riser/Channel FG22 0.22 0.11 0.11 2.2E-03 0.07 6.0E-04 0.04 6.0E-04

FG3 Riser/Channel FG32 3.86 1.94 1.93 0.04 1.22 0.01 0.65 0.01

FG1 Forehearth FG12 2.01 1.02 0.98 0.02 0.63 0.01 0.35 0.01

FG2 Forehearth FG23 0.03 0.01 0.01 2.8E-04 9.0E-03 7.8E-05 4.8E-03 7.8E-05

FG3 Forehearth FG33 1.01 0.52 0.50 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.18 0.01

### OC Fairburn 19 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis Figures 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7 present a graphical representation of the riser/channel and forehearth PM speciation at the Fairburn facility.

F IGURE 

### 2-5. FG-1 R ISER 

### /C HANNEL 

### & F OREHEARTH 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )

F IGURE 

### 2-6. FG-2 R ISER 

### /C HANNEL 

### & F OREHEARTH 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### ) FG-1 Riser/Channel & Forehearth

0.03 0.04 1.65

4.79

3.04 0.10 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

FG-2 Riser/Channel & Forehearth

0.001 0.001 0.041

0.123

0.078 0.002 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 20 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-7. FG-3 R ISER 

### /C HANNEL 

### & F OREHEARTH 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



### 2.2.3 F ORMING AND 

### C URING 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION



### Air flow from the forming and curing sections are first routed together through a mixing chamber prior to being released to the atmos phere. As such, emissions from these process units are quantified together. To speciate PM emissions from the mixing chamber, the

PM 2.5 

### portion of PM 10 

### emissions was first calculated based on engineering estimates made by OC personnel. 11 

### Speciation factors from SMOKE PM 2.5 

### , as provided by VISTAS, were

then used to divide PM 2.5 

### emissions into various categories. It was assumed that emissions within a particular PM category are equally distri buted to all size bins within that category. The relevant size bins are given within the “Revised BART Speciation Template” available

on the VISTAS website. 12 

### Table 2-10 summarizes the applicable data for this source.

T ABLE 

### 2-10. M IXING 

### C HAMBER 

### S PECIATION 

### D ATA



### Using the information presented in Tabl e 2-10, OC first calculated process TPM 10 

### emissions from each mixing chamber by multiplying the applicable maximum hourly TSP

11 E-mail communication from Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) to Ms. Melissa Antoine (Trinity Consultants) on July 23, 2006.

12 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp Speciation Data Value Reference

PM 2.5 as a % of PM 10 90.00% Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) Primary EC as a % of PM 2.5 2.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary PM 2.5 as a % of PM 2.5 63.30% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary NO 3 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary OA as a % of PM 2.5 33.60% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary SO 4 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 FG-3 Riser/Channel & Forehearth

0.01 0.02 0.83

2.43

1.54 0.05 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 21 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis emission rate of by the glass pull rate of the corresponding glass melting furnace, which for the FG-1 Mixing Chamber, yields 60.0 lb/hr. Note that because emissions are based on stack testing, this emission rate includes combustion emissions from the forming section fiberizers, the curing ovens burners, and the incinerator burners. OC personnel estimate that approximately 90% of PM 10 

### emissions from the mixing chambers are PM 2.5



### . Multiplying process PM 10 

### emissions by 90% results in PM 2.5 

### emissions from the FG-1 Mixing Chamber of 54.0 lb/hr.

Next, PM 2.5 

### is speciated into the categories given in Table 2-10. An example is provided below for process PEC emissions from the FG-1 Mixing Chamber.

hour categories size all PEC lb 08

. 1 TPM

PEC % 2 hr TPM lb 54.0

2.5 2.5

= ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

× ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛



### Emissions are calculated for the remaining PM 2.5 

### categories listed in Table 2-10 in a similar manner. Table 2-11 presents speciated PM emissions for the mixing chambers at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-11. M IXING 

### C HAMBER 

### S PECIATED 

### PM E MISSIONS



### Figures 2-8, 2-9, and 2-10 present a graphical representation of the PM speciation for the mixing chambers at the Fairburn facility. Total PM 10 Total PM 2.5 PM 10 - PM 2.5 PEC PPM 2.5 PNO 3 POA PSO 4 Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Mixing Chamber - 60.00 54.00 6.00 1.07 34.00 0.30 18.25 0.38 FG2 Mixing Chamber - 29.50 26.55 2.95 0.52 16.65 0.15 9.02 0.22 FG3 Mixing Chamber - 24.00 21.60 2.40 0.43 13.58 0.12 7.32 0.16

### OC Fairburn 22 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-8. FG-1 M IXING 

### C HAMBER 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



### F IGURE 

### 2-9. FG-2 M IXING 

### C HAMBER 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### ) FG-1 Mixing Chamber

0.30 0.38 18.25

6.00

34.00 1.07 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

FG-2 Mixing Chamber

0.15 0.20 8.96

2.95

16.63 0.52 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 23 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-10. FG-3 M IXING 

### C HAMBER 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



### 2.2.4 C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION



### To speciate PM emissions from the cooling section, the PM 2.5 

### portion of PM 10 

### emissions was first calculated based on engin eering estimates made by OC personnel. 13 

### Speciation

factors from SMOKE PM 2.5 

### , as provided by VISTAS, were then used to divide PM 2.5 

### emissions into various categories. It was assumed that emissions within a particular PM category are equally distributed to all size bins within that category. The relevant size bins are given within the “Revised BART Speci ation Template” available on the VISTAS

website. 14 

### Table 2-12 summarizes the applicable data for this source.

T ABLE 

### 2-12. C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### S PECIATION 

### D ATA



### Using the information presented in Tabl e 2-12, OC first calculated process TPM 10 

### emissions from each applicable cooling sec tion by multiplying the applicable maximum hourly TSP emission rate of by the glass pull rate of the corresponding glass melting

13 E-mail communication from Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) to Ms. Melissa Antoine (Trinity Consultants) on July 23, 2006.

14 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp Speciation Data Value Reference

PM 2.5 as a % of PM 10 90.00% Mr. Franco Vigo (OC) Primary EC as a % of PM 2.5 2.00% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary PM 2.5 as a % of PM 2.5 63.30% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary NO 3 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary OA as a % of PM 2.5 33.60% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 Primary SO 4 as a % of PM 2.5 0.55% SMOKE PM 2.5 , Speciation Profile 22033 FG-3 Mixing Chamber

0.12 0.16 7.32

2.40

13.58 0.43 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 24 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis furnace, which for the FG-1 Cooling Section, yi elds 5.49 lb/hr. OC personnel estimate that approximately 90% of PM 10 

### emissions from the cooling section are PM 2.5 

### . Multiplying process PM 10 

### emissions by 90% results in PM 2.5 

### emissions from the FG-1 Cooling Section

of 4.94 lb/hr.

Next, PM 2.5 

### is speciated into the categories given in Table 2-12. An example is provided below for process PEC emissions from the FG-1 Cooling Section.

hour categories size all PEC lb 11

. 0 TPM

PEC % 2 hr TPM lb 5.49

2.5 2.5

= ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

× ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛



### Emissions are calculated for the remaining PM 2.5 

### categories listed in Table 2-12 in a similar manner. Table 2-13 presents speciated PM emissions for the applicable cooling sections at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-13. C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### S PECIATED 

### PM E MISSIONS



### Figures 2-11 and 2-12 present a graphical represen tation of the PM speciation for the FG-1 and FG-2 cooling sections at the Fairburn facility.

F IGURE 

### 2-11. FG-1 C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### ) Total PM 10 Total PM 2.5 PM 10 - PM 2.5 PEC PPM 2.5 PNO 3 POA PSO 4 Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Cooling Section FG16 5.49 4.94 0.55 0.10 3.13 0.03 1.66 0.03 FG2 Cooling Section FG26 1.50 1.35 0.15 0.03 0.85 7.4E-03 0.45 7.4E-03

FG-1 Cooling Section

0.03 0.03 1.66

0.55

3.13 0.10 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 25 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-12. FG-2 C OOLING 

### S ECTION 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



### 2.2.5 A SPHALT 

### A PPLICATION 

### P ARTICULATE 

### M ATTER 

### S PECIATION



### Emission estimates for the asphalt application processes are based on VOC testing

conducted at similar OC faciliti es and OC’s knowledge that the composition of asphalt is

22% PM and 78% VOC. It is assumed that all PM 10 

### is PM 2.5 

### . Further, it is assumed that

all PM 2.5 

### is organic condensable and that emissions are equally distributable to the three size bins within this PM category. The rele vant size bins are given within the “Revised BART Speciation Template” available on the VISTAS website. 15 

### Table 2-14 presents speciated PM emissions for the applicable asphalt application processes at the Fairburn facility.

T ABLE 

### 2-14. A SPHALT 

### A PPLICATION 

### S PECIATED 

### PM E MISSIONS



### Figures 2-13 and 2-14 present a graphical represen tation of the PM speciation for the FG-1 and FG-2 asphalt application processes at the Fairburn facility.

15 http://www.vistas-sesar m.org/BART/calpuff.asp Total PM 10 Total PM 2.5 PM 10 - PM 2.5 PEC PPM 2.5 PNO 3 POA PSO 4 Emission Unit EU ID (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr) (lb/hr)

FG1 Asphalt Application FG18 0.09 0.09 -
- - - 0.09 - FG2 Asphalt Application FG28 0.08 0.08 -
- - - 0.08 - FG-2 Cooling Section

0.01 0.01 0.45

0.15

0.85 0.03 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

### OC Fairburn 26 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis F IGURE 

### 2-13. FG-1 A SPHALT 

### A PPLICATION 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )

F IGURE 

### 2-14. FG-2 A SPHALT 

### A PPLICATION 

### TPM 10 

### S PECIATION 

### ( LB 

### / HR 

### )



## 2.3 M ODELED 

## S TACK 

## P ARAMETERS AND 

## E MISSIONS

Actual stack parameters were input to the CA LPUFF model to represent the point of visibilityaffecting pollutant emissions. The location of each point source was represented consistently in the Lambert Conformal Coordinate system used fo r the screening and refined meteorological data analyses prepared by VISTAS. Each exhaust discharg es vertically without obstruction. The effects of building downwash were not considered in the BART Applicability Analyses. Table 2-15 summarizes the stack parameters for BART-eligib le emission units at OC’s Fairburn facility. FG-1 Asphalt Application

0.00

0.09 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)

FG-2 Asphalt Application

0.00

0.08 PIC, NO3 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

PIC, SO4 (Equally distributed to Bins 5-6)

POC (Equally distributed to Bins 5-7)

PMC (Equally distributed to Bins 1-2)

PMF (Equally distributed to Bins 3-7)

EC (Equally distributed to Bins 6-7))

Size Bins Bin 1: (6-10 microns) Bin 2: (2.5-6 microns) Bin 3: (1.25-2.5 microns) Bin 4: (1.0-1.25 microns) Bin 5: (0.625-1.0 microns) Bin 6: (0.5-0.625 microns)
Bin 7: (<0.5 microns)OC Fairburn 27 Trinity ConsultantsBART Applicability Modeling AnalysisTABLE2-15. STACKPARAMETERS FORBART-ELIGIBLEEMISSIONUNITSUTM East UTM NorthStackHeightBaseElevation DiameterGas ExitVelocityStackGas ExitTemp.Stack ID Source Description (km) (km) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft/s) (deg F)FG11A FG-1 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace - Stack A 721.400 3713.442 1668.63 1,031 4.00 10.96 102FG11B FG-1 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace - Stack B 721.407 3713.434 1668.63 1,031 4.00 8.29 112FG1MCaFG-1 Mixing Chamber Mixing Chamber 721.364 3713.399 1661.01 1,031 9.50 48.71 165FG12 FG-1 Riser/Channel Flow ChannelFG13 FG-1 Forehearth Flow ChannelFG14 FG-1 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass FibersFG15 FG-1 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing OvenFG16 FG-1 Cooling Section Cooling with Ambient Air 721.341 3713.377 1651.10 1,031 3.17 40.55 195FG18 FG-1 Asphalt Application Application of Asphalt to Product Backing 721.312 3713.590 1637.12 1,031 1.33 95.97 100FG21A FG-2 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace - Stack A 721.416 3713.417 1670.58 1,031 4.00 8.05 110FG21B FG-2 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace - Stack B 721.422 3713.409 1670.58 1,031 4.00 8.72 111FG2MCaFG-2 Mixing Chamber Mixing Chamber 721.371 3713.378 1665.33 1,031 10.50 25.06 165FG22 FG-2 Riser/Channel Flow ChannelFG23 FG-2 Forehearth Flow ChannelFG24 FG-2 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass FibersFG25 FG-2 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing OvenFG26 FG-2 Cooling Section Cooling with Ambient Air 721.348 3713.358 1651.10 1,031 2.62 40.55 170FG28 FG-2 Asphalt Application Application of Asphalt to Product Backing 721.321 3713.557 1637.12 1,031 1.00 137.93 100FG31 FG-3 Furnace Electric Cold Top Melting Furnace 721.435 3713.399 1668.75 1,031 4.00 10.59 107FG3MCaFG-3 Mixing Chamber Mixing Chamber 721.407 3713.372 1680.66 1,031 8.00 22.14 245FG32 FG-3 Riser/Channel Flow ChannelFG33 FG-3 Forehearth Flow ChannelFG34 FG-3 Forming Section Molten Glass Spinning to Glass FibersFG35 FG-3 Curing Oven Insulation Binder Curing Ovena. The Mixing Chamber includes emissions from the Forming and Curing Sections. It is assumed that emissions from the Riser/Channel and Forehearth are also routed through the Mixing Chamber.UTMZone

### OC Fairburn 28 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 3. A IR 

## Q UALITY 

## M ODELING 

## A NALYSES

Section 3 of this BART Applicability Analysis report for OC’s Fairburn facility describes the modeling methods, data resources, and technical op tions used to conduct screening analyses to assess visibility impacts. Air quality modeling was conduc ted generally following the methods described in

the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as revised.



## 3.1 A IR 

## Q UALITY 

## M ODELING 

## S YSTEM

CALPUFF is a multi-layer, multi-species, non-stead y-state Lagrangian puff model, which can simulate the effects of time- and space-varying me teorological conditions on pollutant transport, transformation, and removal. The modeling system is designed to handle the complexities posed by the complex terrain, the large source-receptor dist ances, chemical transformation and deposition, and other issues related to Class I visibility impacts. A complete description of the model formulation and capabilities is provided in the User’s Guides for the CALPUFF modeling system and the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol

.

The CALPUFF modeling system has been adopted by the U.S. EPA as a recommended regulatory guideline model for source-receptor distances greater than 50 km, and for use on a case-by-case basis in complex flow situations for shorter distan ces. CALPUFF is recommended for Class I area impact assessments by the Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Models (IWAQM). The U.S. EPA’s BART guidance recommends CALPUFF as “the best m odeling application available for predicting a singe source’s contribution to visibility impairment.”

As a result of these recommendations, the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol was based on the use of CALPUFF and was used by OC for the source-specific analysis of visibility impacts attributable to the Fairburn facility. Specifically, VISTAS CALM ET Version 5.724 and CALPUFF Version 5.754 were used in the CALPUFF analy ses for BART applicability assessment.



## 3.2 S CREENING AND 

## R EFINED 

## A NALYSIS 

## T ECHNIQUES

The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol distinguishes between screening and refined applications of the CALPUFF model for the purposes of BART App licability Analyses. As the names of these techniques imply, screening analyses are intended to provide a conservative estimate of visibility impacts using computationally efficient techniques. The refined analyses utilize less conservative and more representative data and m odeling methods to compute visibility impacts following U.S. EPA’s BART guidelines. Screening analyses may be used to determine that a facility is not subject to BART using a conservative assessment, or to focus the scope of refined analyses by demonstrating that visibility impairment is not likely to occur at more distant Class I areas.

Although certain elements of the modeling analyses are identical regardless of which approach is used (e.g., representation of emissions sources, chemical transformation algorithms, Class I area receptors), the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol makes several important distinctions between screening and refined analyses.

### OC Fairburn 29 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 3.2.1 V ISIBILITY 

### A SSESSMENT 

### M ETRIC



### The U.S. EPA BART guidelines prescribe that the 98 th 

### percentile, 24-hour average visibility impact computed in a modeling analysis that evaluates three years of meteorological data should be compared to th e contribution threshold of 0.5 dv to assess BART applicability. However, VISTAS prescribes that the maximum computed visibility impact be used as the basis for comparison in the screening analysis to ensure that the modeled result is a conservative representati on of visibility impairment. The VISTAS refined approach prescribes that the 98 th 

### percentile impact be evaluated in refined analyses as the eighth-highest 24-hour average visibility impact of each of three years modeled, or

the 22 nd 

### -highest 24-hour average visibility impact over the three years modeled, whichever

is more conservative.



### 3.2.2 M ETEOROLOGICAL AND 

### C OMPUTATIONAL 

### G RIDS



### The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol prescribes that screening analyses be conducted on a 12-km meteorological and computational grid and that refined analyses be conducted on a 4-km meteorological and computational grid. The resolution of the computational analysis dictates the extent to which geophysical (i.e., terrain and land use) and meteorological conditions are represented in the CALMET meteorological model, hence the advection, dispersion, and chemical transf ormation of visibility-affecting pollutants in the CALPUFF meteorological model. Th e VISTAS Technical Contractor conducted meteorological modeling using both screening 12 -km and refined 4-km grids to provide common data resources to eligible sour ces conducting BART Applicability Analyses, which were used by OC, as necessary, to asse ss visibility impacts attributable to the Fairburn facility. The following section of this report describes the CALMET meteorological modeling in greater detail.



### 3.2.3 M ODEL 

### P ROCESSING AND 

### P OSTPROCESSING 

### M ETHODS



### The IWAQM Phase 2 Report prescribes recommended default model processing options to be used in CALPUFF analyses, which are in most cases considered regulatory default options under U.S. EPA’s Guideline on Air Quality Models . IWAQM default model options as described in the following section of this report were prescribed for use in both screening and refined analyses. The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocoland OC’s sourcespecific modeling protocol envisioned the possible use of puff-splitting algorithms to represent wind shear effects and differential ra tes of transport of well-mixed puffs that grow beyond the size of a grid cell. Puff splitting algorithms are computationally demanding and for some applications may require changes to the default parameter settings

in POSTUTIL to allow more than the defa ult number of split puffs. Because of the conservative nature of OC’s analyses, the de fault model option to disable puff splitting was used in BART Applicability Analyses.

In the postprocessing of CALPUFF-computed c oncentrations of visibility-affecting pollutants, the POSTUTIL postprocessing utility can be used to apply the ammonia

### OC Fairburn 30 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis limiting method by re-partitioning the distribution of HNO 3 

### and NO 3 

### concentrations at each Class I area as a function of the temperature and relative humidity during each hour. ALM processing is not run by default, an d therefore was not used in the screening analyses.



## 3.3 CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

## P ROCESSING

CALMET is the meteorological preprocessor that co mpiles three-dimensional meteorological fields from mesoscale model (MM) output, raw obser vations of surface and upper air conditions, precipitation measurements, and geop hysical parameters into a single hourly, gridded data set for input to CALPUFF. The CALMET User’s Guide and VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol provide a detailed description of the model’s formulation and capabilities.

The federal Guideline for CALPUFF processing provides the following recommendations for the meteorological data period at Section 9.3.1.2:

Less than five, but at least three, years of meteorological data (need not be consecutive) may be used if mesoscale me teorological fields are available, as discussed in paragraph 9.3(c). These mesoscale meteorological fields should be used in conjunction with available standar d [National Weather Service] NWS or comparable meteorological observations w ithin and near the modeling domain.

The VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol prescribes the years 2001 through 2003 for BART Applicability Analyses. The primary basis for this data analysis period was the availability of quality

assured MM5 data for the entire VISTAS area. Fo r its BART Applicability Analyses, OC utilized 12-km screening CALMET data prepared by the VISTAS Technical Contractor using the following data resources and CALMET modeling techniques. It was not necessary to use the 4-km refined CALMET data to show that OC’s Fairburn facility does not cause visibility impacts at the Class I

areas of interest.



### 3.3.1 CALMET M ETEOROLOGICAL 

### D OMAINS



### 12-km screening and 4-km refined CALMET mete orological data sets were prepared for the domains depicted in Figures 3-1. OC ’s BART Applicability Analyses utilized the Regional Screening Domain 0 for 12-km screening analyses, and refined analyses were not required using the 4-km data. The CALPUFF computational domains were selected as a subset of the screening domain as described in the following section of this report.

### OC Fairburn 31 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 3-1. 12- KM 

### R EGIONAL 

### S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS AND 

### 4- KM 

### S UB



### - REGIONAL 

### R EFINED 

### A NALYSIS 

### CALMET D OMAINS



### The VISTAS regional modeling domain was designed to allow any Class I areas within the VISTAS area to be evaluated with a single meteorological databa se and consistent CALPUFF modeling options. The horizontal dom ain is comprised of grid cells, each containing a central grid point at which mete orological and computational parameters are calculated at each time step. For the initial regional analysis, a grid spacing interval of 12 km was selected. The LCC projection system is used to describe the horizontal grid, with origin at 40 degrees North latitude and 97 degrees West longitude. Standard parallels for the projection were set at 33 degrees North and 45 degrees North.

Table 3-1 summarizes the vertical grid structur e selected for this analysis, which comprises ten vertical layers. The cell face height of each layer indicates its vertical extent. The vertical domain is composed of terrain-followi ng grid cells, the number and size of which are chosen so as to constrain the boundary layer in which dispersion and chemical transformations take place. The highest cell face was selected to be 4,000 meters to constrain the default maximum mixing height of 3,000 meters.

### OC Fairburn 32 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 3-1. V ERTICAL 

### G RID 

### S TRUCTURE

Vertical Grid Cell Cell Face Height (meters)

1 20
2 40
3 80
4 160
5 320
6 640 7 1,200 8 2,000 9 3,000 10 4,000



### 3.3.2 MM5 S IMULATIONS



### MM data are used as “observed” or “fir st-guess” fields in CALMET due to its highresolution representation of meteorological conditions on a uniform three-dimensional grid. The following three years of MM5 me teorological data were assembled by VISTAS for use in the regional CALPUFF modeling effort:

S 

### 2001 MM5 dataset at 12 km and 36 km grid (developed for EPA)

S 

### 2002 MM5 dataset at 12 km and 36 km grid (developed by VISTAS)

S 

### 2003 MM5 dataset at 36 km grid (developed by the Midwest Regional Planning Organization).

These data sets were provided to the VISTAS Technical Contractor, which produced threedimensional, CALMET-ready meteorological files for the VISTAS domain, which were subsequently used to run CALMET fo r the 12-km screening analyses.



### 3.3.3 G EOPHYSICAL 

### D ATA



### According to the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol , terrain elevations within the modeling domain were processed from SRTM-GTOPO30 digital terrain data format with 30-arcsec resolution. SRTM30 is a digital elevation da ta set that spans the globe from 60° north latitude to 56° south latitude, approximately from the southern tip of Greenland to below the southern tip of South America. It has a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc-seconds (approximately 1 kilometer). GTOPO30 is a global digital elevation model with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc-seconds (appr oximately 1 kilometer) that was derived from several raster and vector sources of topographic information that include U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) digital elevation models. The VISTAS Technical Contractor used data preprocessors to format and assimila te these data into a single geophysical data file for processing by CALMET to generate the 12-km screening data set.

### OC Fairburn 33 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis Land use and land cover (LULC) within th e modeling domain was assimilated by the VISTAS technical contractor into a single geophysical data file for processing by CALMET using Composite Theme Grid (CTG) data archived by the USGS at a resolution

of 200 meters. CALMET was used to calcul ate the fractional land use types within each cell of the CALMET grid. LULC in each grid cell was used by CALMET to compute the micrometeorological parameters (i.e., surface roughness, Bowen ratio, albedo, soil heat flux) that affect turbulent dispersion in the boundary layer. According to the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol , 200-meter CTG LULC data were utilized for the 12-km screening analyses.



### 3.3.4 12- KM 

### S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### CALMET P ROCESSING



### The development of the regional screening CALMET meteorological fields from MM5

data were conducted in No-Ob servations (“No-Obs”) mode since the MM5 data already

reflect assimilation of observational data and are likely to adequately characterize regional wind patterns that are consistent with the 12-km grid scale.

When the 12-km MM5 (2001 and 2002) data are used, the diagnostic CALMET terrain adjustments were turned off since the grid r esolution of the MM5 data is the same as the CALMET grid and the terrain adjustments on the 12-km grid scale will already be reflected in the MM5 dataset. In this case, the MM5 winds will be interpolated by CALMET to the CALMET layers and CALMET’s boundary layer modules computed mixing heights, turbulence parameters, and other meteorological parameters that are required by CALPUFF. For 2003, the 36-km MM5 data were used as CALMET’s initial guess field and then the CALMET diagnostic te rrain adjustments (see Section 3.1.1 of the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol ) were applied to reflect terrain on the scale of the CALMET grid (i.e., 12 km).



### 3.3.5 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### CALMET A NALYSES



### OC’s BART Applicability Analyses were conducted using 12-km screening CALMET data prepared by the VISTAS Technical Contractor. The VISTAS BART Modeling

Protocol describes quality assurance techniques used by the contractor to validate the model’s performance.



## 3.4 CALPUFF M ODEL 

## P ROCESSING

CALPUFF analyses to assess the visibility impacts at tributable to OC’s Fairburn facility were conducted generally in accordance with the recommendations of IWAQM Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long Range Transport Impacts , Appendix B of which provides recommended default CALPUFF parame ters. Appendix B of this BART Applicability Analysis report contains sample 12-km screening CALPUFF input files that can be compared to the IWAQM recommendations to demonstrate that default opti ons were used, including the following important model options.

### OC Fairburn 34 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 3.4.1 M ODELED 

### E MISSIONS AND 

### C HEMICAL 

### T RANSFORMATIONS



### Section 2 of this BART Applicability Anal ysis report described the BART-eligible emission units operated at OC’s Fairburn fac ility and the visibility-affecting pollutants considered in the CALPUFF analysis. Emissi on rates were calculated following U.S. EPA and Georgia EPD BART guidance for primary emissions of SO 2 

### , H 2 

### SO 4 

### , NO X 

### and PM 10



### . PM was further speciated into size categories of less than 0.5 μ m, 0.5-0.625 μ m, 0.625-

1.0 μ m, 1.0-1.25 μ m, 1.25-2.5 μ m, 2.5-6.0 μ m and 6-10 μ m aerodynamic diameters. OC-specific and AP-42 emission factors were utilized to analyze the phase, size, and character of PM emissions as described in Section 2 of this report. Non-sulfate condensable emissions were considered as pr imary fine particulate matter and allocated equally to the three sub-micrometer particle size classes. In addition to species emitted directly from the OC Fairburn facility, secondary formation of HNO 3 

### , NO 3 

### , and SO 4 

### was simulated using the MESOPUFF-II chemical transformation algorithms, which are considered the default for regulatory CALPU FF modeling. Background levels of ozone and ammonia, which drive the simulated chemic al transformation of emitted pollutants into visibility affecting species, were input to the model as described in subsequent sections of this report.

OC operates nineteen BART-eligible emission units at the Fairburn facility evaluated in this BART Applicability Analysis, as described in Section 2 of this report as having distinct emission release points and characteristics. Sample model processing files provided by the VISTAS Technical Contractor demonstrate modeling of a single point source using CALPUFF, POSTUTIL, and CALPOST to assess visibility change. 16 

### The sample approach simulates actual emissions of each of three gaseous pollutants (SO 2 

### , SO 4 

### , and NO X 

### ) and unit emissions (e.g., 1 g/s) of each of seven generic particle categories distinguished and designated by size: PM800, PM425, PM187, PM112, PM081, PM056, and PM025, to represent PM 6-10 

### , PM 2.5-6 

### , PM 1.25-2.5 

### , PM 1-1.25 

### , PM 0.625-1 

### , PM 0.5-0.625 

### , and

PM <0.5 

### , respectively. The size distribution is the only distinguishing feature of these particle categories. Table 3-2 summarizes the relevant model input parameters for each size category.

16 http://www.src.com/verio/downloa d/sample_files.ht m#EXAMPLE_BART

### OC Fairburn 35 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 3-2. R EPRESENTATION OF 

### PM S IZE 

### C ATEGORIES IN 

### CALPUFF

Computed Geometric Mass Geometric Standa rd Precipitation Scav enging Coefficient

Model Species Deposition
Mode Mean Diameter (microns) Deviation (microns)* Liquid (s -1 ) Frozen (s -1 )

PM800 Particle 8.00 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM425 Particle 4.25 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM187 Particle 1.87 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM112 Particle 1.12 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM081 Particle 0.81 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM056 Particle 0.56 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PM025 Particle 0.25 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

* Zero geometric standard deviation indicates that CALPUFF u tilizes the deposition velocity associated with the geometric mass mean diameter.



### Because unit emission rates were modeled from the single point source in the sample approach, actual emission rates were used in the POSTUTIL postprocessing step to combine PM types and sizes into light scattering groups by scaling the modeled concentrations up or down by the multiplicativ e factor of the actual emission rate of each PM size category, which includes multiple types of PM (e.g., coarse filterable PM, fine filterable PM, organic condensable PM, inorga nic condensable PM, and elemental carbon). The output concentration file from POSTUTIL was then input to CALPOST to calculate visibility change attributable to emissions from the point source in the sample analysis.

The preceding approach is reasonable for m odeling a single point source; however, for facilities with multiple emission point sources, the preceding approach is not appropriate. Specifically, for sources with multiple emi ssion points that have different exhaust characteristics (e.g., stack height, diameter, ve locity, and temperature) and/or different emissions profiles of speciated PM, the use of unit emission rates is not appropriate since the CALPUFF output concentrations at partic ular receptors will not distinguish which source(s) contribute to the PM concentrations. Therefore, the POSTUTIL source profile technique cannot be applied. One alternativ e to this approach for sources with multiple emission points is to model each emission po int individually in multiple CALPUFF runs using unit emission rates, then run POSTUTIL to combine the PM concentrations at each receptor for each modeled emission point, finally running the CALSUM postprocessing utility to combine the impacts of all sources. This approach, though conceptually appropriate, is undesirable due to substantia l additional computer runtime required to model and post-process each emission point individually.

As a computationally efficient alternativ e to the preceding approaches, the BART Applicability Analysis for OC’s Fairburn fac ility was conducted by explicitly modeling in

CALPUFF the actual emission rate of each of 15 particle species defined as described in

Table 3-3. The nomenclature used in Table 3- 3 is analogous to that used to describe the emissions from OC’s BART-eligible emissi on units in Section 2 of this report.

### OC Fairburn 36 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 3-3. E XPLICIT 

### M ODELING OF 

### PM T YPES AND 

### S IZE 

### C ATEGORIES

Modeled PM Category Components

PMC800
PMC425 Filterable coarse particles divided between two size categories (PM 6-10 , PM 2.5-6 )

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056
PMF025 Filterable fine particles divided among five size categories (PM 1.25-2.5 , PM 1-1.25 , PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 , PM <0.5 )

POC081
POC056
POC025 Primary condensable organic emissions divided between three size categories (PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 , PM <0.5 )

PIC081
PIC056
PIC025 Primary condensable inorganic emissions divided between two size categories (PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 , PM <0.5 )

EC056
EC025 Primary elemental carbon emissions divided among two size categories (PM 0.5-0.625 , PM <0.5 )



### So that explicit modeling of the 15 par ticle species and sizes could be conducted equivalently to the unit emissions approach , identical model processing options for each PM size category were enabled as summarized in Table 3-4.

T ABLE 

### 3-4. R EPRESENTATION OF 

### E XPLICITLY 

### M ODELED 

### PM S IZE 

### C ATEGORIES 

### IN CALPUFF

Computed Geometric Mass Geometric Standa rd Precipitation Scav enging Coefficient

Model Species Deposition
Mode Mean Diameter (microns) Deviation (microns)* Liquid (s -1 ) Frozen (s -1 )

PMC800 Particle 8.0 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMC425 Particle 4.25 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF187 Particle 1.87 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF112 Particle 1.12 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF081
POC081
PIC081 Particle 0.81 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF056
POC056
PIC056
EC056 Particle 0.56 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF025
POC025
PIC025
EC025 Particle 0.25 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

* Zero geometric standard deviation indicates that CALPUFF u tilizes the deposition velocity associated with the geometric mass mean diameter.

### OC Fairburn 37 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis To post-process the CALPUFF output concentr ations that result from explicitly modeled multiple emission points, POSTUTIL was used only to group modeled PM into light extinction groups. Unit scaling factors we re used in POSTUTIL and there was no adjustment to the explicitly modeled emissi on rate. Table 3-5 summarizes the POSTUTIL grouping of modeled PM species into light extinction groups, and the light extinction coefficient subsequently used in CALPOST to compute light extinction due to the multiple emission points at the source.

T ABLE 

### 3-5. A SSIGNMENT OF 

### M ODELED 

### PM S PECIES TO 

### L IGHT 

### E XTINCTION 

### G ROUPS

Modeled Components CALPOST Light Extinction Group Extinction Coefficient (m 2 /g)

PMC800
PMC425 PMC 0.6

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056
PMF025
PIC081
PIC056
PIC025 SOIL 1

POC081
POC056
POC025 SOA 4

EC056
EC025 EC 10



### Implementation of the explicit modeling approach required minor changes to the parameter declaration file and re-compilation of the CALPU FF model executable file. Note that this approach does not require changes to th e FORTRAN model code, only the parameter declaration limits. Explicit modeling of the 15 PM types and sizes plus the SO 2 

### , SO 4 

### , NO X 

### , HNO 3 

### , and NO 3 

### species results in a total of 20 modeled species, which is equal to the default parameter limit of species modeled (MXSPEC). However, the parameter for particle species deposited (MXPDEP) was increased from 9 to 20 to accommodate the greater number (17, including SO 4 

### and NO 3 

### ) of particle species simulated in the model.

This modified approach follows conceptu ally the steps outlined in the revised VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as evidenced between comparisons between the two methods. Results using the explicit method for multiple emission points an d the sample method using a single point source with PM speciation (PMF, PMC, SOA, EC) applied during the POSTUTIL step provides equivalent results. The model input and output files of a comparative analysis are further described in Appendix C and included with the electronic media provided with this BART Applicability Analysis report.

### OC Fairburn 38 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 3.4.2 CALPUFF D ISPERSION 

### A LGORITHMS



### As specified in a March 16, 2006 U.S. EPA memorandum 17 

### and the most recent revision to

the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol , the use of Pasquill-Gifford (ISC-like) dispersion coefficients was enabled as the default optio n in screening and refined CALPUFF analyses.



### 3.4.3 B UILDING DOWNWASH



### Per Georgia EPD comments on OC’s source-specific modeling protocol for the Fairburn facility, the effects of building downwash were not considered in the BART Applicability Analyses.



### 3.4.4 CALPUFF M ODELING 

### D OMAINS AND 

### C LASS 

### I A REA 

### R ECEPTORS



### CALPUFF modeling for 12-km screening analyses was performed on a computational domain that is a subset of the VISTAS Regional Domain 0. The size of each computational domain was selected to encompass the Fairburn facility and the five relevant Class I areas, and to extend at least 50 km beyond in all directions. The size of the domain allows for the possible recirculation of puffs beyond the facility and areas being evaluated. Computational domains use the same vertical grid structure as described in the CALMET model formulation in Section 3.3 of this report. Figures 3-2 through 3-4 illustrate the locations of, and terrain elevations and land use within, the 12-km screening computational domain used in OC’s BART Applicability Analyses.

17 U.S. EPA Memorandum “Dispersion Coefficients for Regulatory Air Quality Modeling in CALPUFF” from Mr. Dennis Atkinson and Mr. Tyler Fox (Air Quality Modelin g Group) to Ms. Kay Prince (Regulatory Planning Branch) dated March 16, 2006.

### OC Fairburn 39 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 3-2. 12- KM 

### S CREENING 

### A NALYSIS 

### C OMPUTATIONAL 

### D OMAIN

### OC Fairburn 40 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 3-3. T ERRAIN 

### R EPRESENTATION IN THE 

### 12- KM 

### R EGIONAL 

### S CREENING 

### G RID 

### (A FTER 

### F IGURE 

### 4-2 OF THE 

### VISTAS BART M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL 

### )

### OC Fairburn 41 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 3-4. L AND 

### U SE AND 

### C OVER WITHIN THE 

### 12- KM 

### C OMPUTATIONAL 

### D OMAIN

### OC Fairburn 42 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 3.4.5 B ACKGROUND 

### O ZONE AND 

### A MMONIA 

### C ONCENTRATIONS



### The CALPUFF model is capable of simulating linear chemical transformation effects by using pseudo-first-order chemical reacti on mechanisms for the conversions of SO 2 

### to SO 4 

### , and NO X 

### , which consists of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 

### ), to NO 3 

### and

HNO 3 

### . In this study, chemical transformations involving five species (SO 2 

### , SO 4 

### , NO X 

### , HNO 3 

### , and NO 3 

### ) were modeled using the MESOPUFF II chemical transformation scheme.

Ambient concentrations of ammonia and ozone concentrations as represented in the model

drive the MESOPUFF II chemical transformation simulation.

The screening analyses utilized observed ozone data for 200 1 through 2003 from nonurban CASTNet and AIRS stations compiled by the VISTAS Technical Contractor for the regional domain. OC extracted data from oz one observation stations in and near the modeling domains, as illustrated in Figure 3-5.

### OC Fairburn 43 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### F IGURE 

### 3-5. O ZONE 

### D ATA 

### S TATIONS UTILIZED IN 

### OC’ S 

### BART A PPLICABILITY 

### A NALYSES

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

Lambert Conformal Coordinate East (km) -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300Lambert Conformal Coordinate North (km)

OC Fairburn

Ozone Monitoring Station Class I Area



### Should all observations be missing for a partic ular hour of the dataset, monthly average ozone background values computed based on da ytime average ozone concentrations from all ozone monitors in the VISTAS region and fo r all three years combined are substituted. Table 3-6 summarizes the monthly average ozone values computed for this substitution.

### OC Fairburn 44 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 3-6. M ONTHLY 

### A VERAGE 

### S UBSTITUTE 

### O ZONE 

### V ALUES

Month Substitute
Ozone Values (ppb)

January 23.28 February 26.79
March 30.14 April 36.73 May 36.40
June 34.65 July 33.11 August 32.68 September 29.82
October 25.23
November 26.15
December 22.19



### A constant ammonia background value of 0. 5 ppb was input to the CALPUFF model, as only screening analyses were required.



### 3.4.6 P UFF 

### R EPRESENTATION



### As recommended by the VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol , the default integrated puff sampling methodology was enabled for the screening CALPUFF analyses. The default setting to disable puff splitting algorithms was retained.



### 3.4.7 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### CALPUFF A NALYSES



### Sample CALPUFF input files for the screening analyses are presented in Appendix B of this report and copies of all input and output files are included on the electronic media enclosed with this report. Comparison of the CALPUFF model inputs indicates that default values, as prescribed by IWAQM (Appendix B) and in the VISTAS BART Modeling

Protocol , were used with the exception of the s ource-specific model options described in this report. Source parameters input for each BART-eligible emissions unit were verified with the information presented in Section 2 of this report. The location and elevations of Class I area receptors were verified by comparison to NPS maps.



## 3.5 CALPOST P OSTPROCESSING AND 

## N ATURAL 

## B ACKGROUND 

## C ONDITIONS

FOR 

## L IGHT 

## E XTINCTION AND 

## H AZE 

## I NDEX 

## C ALCULATIONS

Using the concentrations of visibility-affecting pollutants computed by CALPUFF, two postprocessors, POSTUTIL and CALPOST, were used to compute light extinction attributable to OC’s Fairburn facility and the relevant metrics for the BART Applicability Analysis determination. The computation of light extinction attributable to the natural background and source was generally described in Section 1.1.2 of this report.

### OC Fairburn 45 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

### 3.5.1 POSTUTIL P ROCESSING



### The first postprocessing step involves running PO STUTIL to calculate the concentrations of visibility-affecting species SO 4 

### , NO 3 

### , SOA, EC, PMF, and PMC, as described in Section 3.4.1 of this report. Specifically , POSTUTIL is used to group modeled species into visibility-affecting pollutant groups as or iginally shown as Table 3-5, reproduced here

as Table 3-7.

T ABLE 

### 3-7. A SSIGNMENT OF 

### M ODELED 

### PM S PECIES TO 

### L IGHT 

### E XTINCTION 

### G ROUPS IN 

### POSTUTIL

Modeled Components CALPOST Light Extinction Group Extinction Coefficient (m 2 /g)

PMC800
PMC425 PMC 0.6

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056
PMF025
PIC081
PIC056
PIC025 SOIL 1

POC081
POC056
POC025 SOA 4

EC056
EC025 EC 10



### 3.5.2 C LASS 

### I A REA



### - SPECIFIC 

### N ATURAL 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONDITIONS



### The visibility goal of the Clean Air Act is both the remedying of existing visibility impairment and prevention of futu re visibility impairment. In its BART Implementation

Guidance , U.S. EPA affirms that it interprets the goal to mean return atmospheric conditions to “natural visibility conditions.” For the purposes of BART analyses, the

U.S. EPA has determined that it “did not inte nd to limit States to the use of the 20% best visibility days...States may use 20% best vi sibility days or annual average” to assess BART applicability. 18 

### The August 31, 2006 revision to the VISTAS BART Modeling

Protocol indicates that several options are available at the discretion of the state including (1) a single annual average natural background condition for each Class I area; (2), a single value representing the average haze index on the 20% estimated best visibility days at each Class I area; or, (3) monthly average natu ral background conditions computed from estimated components of visibility-affecting pollutants and monthly average relative

18 U.S. EPA Memorandum from Mr. Joseph Paisie to Ms. Kay Prince, as Atta chment A to a proposed settlement agreement between the Utility Air Regulatory Group and U.S. EPA, published at 71 Federal Register No. 84, pp. 25,838- 25,840, May 2, 2006.

### OC Fairburn 46 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis humidity values specific to each Class I area. The Option (1) annual average natural background condition appears to be the preferred approach since analyses conducted by the VISTAS Technical Contractor for certain sources in the region used this method exclusively.

For the five Class I areas within 300 km of th e Fairburn facility and pot entially affected by OC’s operations, Table 3-8 summarizes the default natural background conditions as tabulated in Appendix B of U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule and were used to calculate natural background conditions for the preceding three approaches.

T ABLE 

### 3-8. N ATURAL 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONCENTRATIONS

FOR 

### C LASS 

### I A REAS 

### P OTENTIALLY 

### A FFECTED BY THE 

### F AIRBURN 

### F ACILITY

Class I Area b ext (Mm -1 ) Annual Average Haze Index (dv) Best Days Haze Index (dv) Worst Days Haze Index (dv)

Cohutta 21.39 7.60 3.76 11.44

Great Smoky Mtns. 21.39 7.60 3.76 11.44

Slickrock 21.40 7.61 3.77 11.45

Shining Rock 21.40 7.61 3.77 11.45

Sipsey 21.28 7.55 3.71 11.39

* As tabulated in Appendix B of U.S. EPA’s Guidance fo r Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule (2003).



### To represent natural conditions in the absence of anthropogenic sources of sulfates and nitrates using Option (1), the monthly bac kground extinction coefficient is expressed in terms of Rayleigh scattering and scattering due to soils (i.e., fine particles) based on the annual average haze index, and is cal culated using the following equations.

⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= 10 exp 10 HI b back 

### ,

where HI is Haze Index expressed in units of deciviews (dv). Therefore, total b back 

### for the best days at the relevant Class I areas, including the Rayleigh scattering coefficient is calculated as shown in the following equations.

For Cohutta and Great Smoky Mountains:

Mm 39

. 11 Mm 10 Mm 39

. 1 2 10 60

. 7 exp 10 1 1 1

− − − = ⇒ + = + = = ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= soil soil soil ray back b b b b b



### For Slickrock and Shining Rock:

Mm 40

. 11 Mm 10 Mm 40

. 21 10 61

. 7 exp 10 1 1 1

− − − = ⇒ + = + = = ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= soil soil soil ray back b b b b b

### OC Fairburn 47 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis For Sipsey:

Mm 28

. 11 Mm 10 Mm 28

. 21 10 55

. 7 exp 10 1 1 1

− − − = ⇒ + = + = = ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= soil soil soil ray back b b b b b



### If the same approach were used to define th e natural background for the 20% best visibility days in terms of soils under Option (2), the following equation would be used.

Cohutta for Mm 56

. 4 Mm 10 Mm 14.56 10 76

. 3 exp 10 1 1 1

− − − = ⇒ + = + = = ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

= soil soil soil ray back b b b b b



### Alternatively under Option (3), Table 3-9 summarizes the default natural background conditions using average natural concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and particulate species

for areas in the Eastern U.S. as tabulated in Table 2-1 of U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule

.

T ABLE 

### 3-9. N ATURAL 

### B ACKGROUND 

### C ONCENTRATIONS OF 

### V ISIBILITY 

### -A FFECTING 

### P OLLUTANTS



### The values presented in Table 3-9 are more a ppropriate for the determination of natural background conditions, since this approach in cludes all visibility-affecting species and does not rely only on soil dust concentrations to define the natura l background conditions. Ammonium sulfates and nitrates as well as orga nic and elemental carbon are appropriate to represent as part of the natural background due to emissions from naturally occurring biogenic sources (e.g., vegetation and wildfire biomass burning). The “East” values were utilized in OC’s analysis with monthly vari able relative humidity values specific to each

Class I area.

The effects of relative humidity to amplify the visibility impairment of hygroscopic sulfates and nitrates were characterized using CALPOST “Method 6,” which computes

∆ b ext 

### using a monthly average relative humidity adjustment particular to each Class I area applied to background and modeled sulfate and nitrate. Table 3-10 summarizes the monthly average humidity values that were app lied for the three Class I areas considered in this analysis, as tabulated in Table A-3 of U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule

. Dry Extinction
West East Error Efficiency
Component (μg/m 3 ) (μg/m 3 ) Factor (m 2 /g)

Ammonium sulfate 0.12 0.23 2 3

Ammonium nitrate 0.1 0.1 2 3
Organic carbon mass 0.47 1.4 2 4

Elemental carbon 0.02 0.02 2-3 10

Soil 0.5 0.5 11⁄2 - 2 1

Coarse Mass 3 3 11⁄2 - 2 0.6

### OC Fairburn 48 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### 3-10. M ONTHLY 

### A VERAGE 

### f (RH) FOR 

### S ELECTED 

### C LASS 

### I A REA 

### *

Class I Area January February Ma rch April May June July August September October November December

Cohutta 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.4 3.5

Great Smoky
Mtns. 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.4

Slickrock 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.3 3.5

Shining Rock 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.4 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.3 3.4

Sipsey 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4

* As tabulated in Table A-3 of U.S. EPA’s Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions under the Regional Haze Rule (2003).



### Natural background conditions for each Class I area were calculated using three visibility processing options, the data summarized in Tables 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, and 3-10, and the default IMPROVE light extinction formula, which is summa rized in the following equation. 

# ( )

Ray ap Coarse Soil OC NO SO background ext 

### b b b b b b b Mm b + + + + + + = −
3 4 1

,



### where,



### ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] ( ) 

## [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 

## ( ) ( ) 

## [ ] 3 1 3 4 3 4 2 4 4

m μg in ion Concentrat Function Humidity Relative default by Mm 10 Scattering Rayleigh

EC 10 Mass Coarse 6

. 0 Soil 1 OC 4 NO NH 3 SO

NH 3

= =

= = = = = = =

−

RH f b b b b b RH f b RH f b

Ray

ap Coarse Soil OC NO SO 

## ( ) 

## [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

molecules air to due scattering is Scattering Rayleigh carbon elemental of ion concentrat the denotes EC dusts coarse of ion concentrat the denotes Mass Coarse soils fine of ion concentrat the denotes Soil carbon organic of ion concentrat the denotes OC ion concentrat nitrate ammonium the denotes NO NH ion concentrat sulfate ammonium the denotes SO NH

3 4 4 2 4



### 3.5.3 F URTHER 

### R EFINEMENTS



### As noted in the revised VISTAS BART Modeli ng Protocol, the U.S. EPA and the Regional Planning Organizations (including VISTAS) are evaluating whether refinements are

warranted to the methods recommended in U. S. EPA’s guidance to calculate default estimates of natural background visibility. In addition, the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) work group has recently approved an

alternative to the default formula used to estimate extinction from particle concentration

measurements. 19 

### Refinements in the revised IMPR OVE formula include the following:

19 Pitchford, M., W. Malm, B. Schichtel, N. Kumar, D. Lowentha l, and J. Hand, 2005. Revised IMPROVE Algorithm for Estimating Light Extinction from Particle Speciation Data . Report to IMPROVE Steering Committee,
November 2005.

### OC Fairburn 49 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis S 

### Adding a site-specific Rayleigh scattering term to the formula

S 

### Adding a sea salt term, including a growth factor due to relative humidity

For the purposes of calculating current, future, and natural background visibility at Class I areas as part of its reasonable progress analyses, VISTAS intends to present regional air quality modeling results using both the cu rrent U.S. EPA recommended assumptions and the newly revised IMPROVE light extinction formula. The results presented in this analysis rely on the current U.S. EPA r ecommended assumptions and are not based on the newly revised IMPROVE light extinction formula.



### 3.5.4 V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACT 

### C ALCULATION



### CALPOST is run separately for each Class I area to obtain the necessary visibility statistics for evaluating compliance with the BART visib ility impairment thresholds. The inputs to CALPOST involve selection of the visibility method (i.e., Method 6) and entry of Class I area-specific data for computing background extinction and monthly relative humidity factors for hygroscopic aerosols as described in Section 3.5.2. CALPOST contains a receptor selection option that allow subsets of a receptor network modeling in CALPUFF to be selected for processing in a given CALPOST run. This selection specifies which receptors representing a single Class I area are selected for processing from a CALPUFF output file that may contain receptors from several Class I areas.

For screening analyses, the peak 24-hour av erage visibility impact for each year and Class I area was tabulated. Option (1) was used to quantify visibility impacts relative to natural background conditions using the annual average approach.



### 3.5.5 Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE OF 

### P OSTPROCESSING 

### A NALYSES



### Quality assurance of postprocessing analyses was conducted by verifying the sequence of postprocessing (i.e., POSTUTIL followed by CA LPOST) and that appropriate data files are referenced throughout the calculation sequence. The CALPOST inputs that were checked include the following:

S 

### Visibility technique (Method 6)

S 

### Monthly Class I-specific relative humidity factors for Method 6

S 

### Background light extinction values calcu lated as appropriate using natural background options (1), (2), and (3)

S 

### Inclusion of all appropriate species from modeled sources (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, organics), coarse and fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon.

S 

### Appropriate species names for coarse PM used

S 

### Extinction efficiencies for each species

S 

### Screen to select appropriate Class I receptors for each CALPOST simulation.

### OC Fairburn 50 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 4. S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## R ESULTS

Screening analyses of visibility impacts attributab le to OC’s Fairburn facility were conducted to determine whether the facility is subject to BART using a conservative assessment, and to focus the scope of refined analyses (if necessary) by demonstrat ing that visibility impairment is not likely to

occur at more distant Class I ar eas. The screening analyses were conducted using the emissions data represented in Section 2 of this report, the screening CALMET and CALPUFF methods described in Sections 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 of this report, and the postprocessing methods described in Section 3.5.



## 4.1 S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## I MPACTS AT 

## C OHUTTA

Table 4-1 summarizes the modeled peak, 24-hour av erage visibility impacts at Cohutta Wilderness Area attributable to OC’s Fairburn facility. Th is table summarizes the results calculated using Option (1) described in Section 3.5 for represen ting natural background conditions (i.e., annual average). Results are presented in terms of visi bility impact and the total number of days exceeding the 1.0 dv causation and 0.5 dv contribution thresholds, respectively.

T ABLE 

### 4-1. P EAK 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACTS AT 

### C OHUTTA

Natural Background
Method 2001

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2002

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2003

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv)

Annual Average 0.126 (0,0) 0.134 (0,0) 0.119 (0,0)



### The results presented in Table 4-1 indicate that refined analyses were not necessary to evaluate visibility impacts at Cohutta since peak visibilit y impacts do not exceed the contribution threshold.



## 4.2 S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## I MPACTS AT 

## G REAT 

## S MOKY 

## M OUNTAINS

Table 4-2 summarizes the modeled peak, 24-hour average visibility impacts at Great Smoky

Mountains National Park attributable to OC’s Fa irburn facility. This table summarizes the results calculated using Option (1) described in Section 3.5 for representing natura l background conditions (i.e., annual average). Results are presented in term s of visibility impact and the total number of days exceeding the 1.0 dv causation and 0.5 dv contribution thresholds, respectively.

T ABLE 

### 4-2. P EAK 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACTS AT 

### G REAT 

### S MOKY 

### M OUNTAINS

Natural Background
Method 2001
∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2002
∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2003
∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv)

Annual Average 0.147 (0,0) 0.043 (0,0) 0.051 (0,0)

### OC Fairburn 51 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis The results presented in Table 4-2 indicate that refined analyses were not necessary to evaluate visibility impacts at the Great Smoky Mountains Na tional Park since peak visibility impacts do not

exceed the contribution threshold.



## 4.3 S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## I MPACTS AT 

## J OYCE 

## K ILMER

Table 4-3 summarizes the modeled peak, 24-hour average visibility impacts at Joyce KilmerSlickrock Wilderness Area attributable to OC’s Fairburn facility. This table summarizes the results calculated using Option (1) described in Section 3.5 for representing natura l background conditions (i.e., annual average). Results are presented in term s of visibility impact and the total number of days exceeding the 1.0 dv causation and 0.5 dv contribution thresholds, respectively.

T ABLE 

### 4-3. P EAK 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACTS AT 

### J OYCE 

### K ILMER 

### -S LICKROCK 

### W ILDERNESS 

### A REA

Natural Background
Method 2001

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2002

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2003

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv)

Annual Average 0.073 (0,0) 0.047 (0,0) 0.056 (0,0)



### The results presented in Table 4-3 indicate that refined analyses were not necessary to evaluate visibility impacts at Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wild erness Area since peak visibility impacts do not

exceed the contribution threshold.



## 4.4 S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## I MPACTS AT 

## S HINING 

## R OCK

Table 4-4 summarizes the modeled peak, 24-hour average visibility imp acts at Shining Rock

Wilderness Area attributable to OC’s Fairburn fac ility. This table summarizes the results calculated using Option (1) described in Section 3.5 for re presenting natural background conditions (i.e., annual average). Results are presented in terms of visi bility impact and the total number of days exceeding the 1.0 dv causation and 0.5 dv contribution thresholds, respectively.

T ABLE 

### 4-4. P EAK 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACTS AT 

### S HINING 

### R OCK 

### W ILDERNESS 

### A REA

Natural Background
Method 2001

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2002

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2003

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv)

Annual Average 0.052 (0,0) 0.090 (0,0) 0.072 (0,0)



### The results presented in Table 4-4 indicate that refined analyses were not necessary to evaluate visibility impacts at Shining Rock Wilderness Area since peak visibility impacts do not exceed the

contribution threshold.

### OC Fairburn 52 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 4.5 S CREENING 

## A NALYSIS 

## I MPACTS AT 

## S IPSEY

Table 4-5 summarizes the modeled peak, 24-hour av erage visibility impacts at Sipsey Wilderness Area attributable to OC’s Fairburn facility. Th is table summarizes the results calculated using Option (1) described in Section 3.5 for represen ting natural background conditions (i.e., annual average). Results are presented in terms of visi bility impact and the total number of days exceeding the 1.0 dv causation and 0.5 dv contribution thresholds, respectively.

T ABLE 

### 4-5. P EAK 

### 24- HOUR 

### A VERAGE 

### V ISIBILITY 

### I MPACTS AT 

### S IPSEY 

### W ILDERNESS 

### A REA

Natural Background
Method 2001

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2002

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv) 2003

∆ dv (> 1.0 dv, > 0.5 dv)

Annual Average 0.083 (0,0) 0.173 (0,0) 0.054 (0,0)



### The results presented in Table 4-5 indicate that refined analyses were not necessary to evaluate visibility impacts at Sipsey Wilderness Area si nce peak visibility impacts do not exceed the

contribution threshold.



## 4.6 S UMMARY OF 

## S CREENING 

## A NALYSES

The results presented in this section of the BART Applicability Analyses conclude that OC’s Fairburn facility does not contribute to visibility impairment at any of the five Class I areas analyzed because the maximum annual visibility impacts for all three years does not exceed the 0.5 dv contribution

threshold.

### OC Fairburn 53 Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## 5. C ONCLUSIONS

Using analysis methods prescribed by the U.S. EPA, VISTAS, and Georgia EPD, OC conducted BART Applicability Analyses of emissions of vi sibility-affecting pollutants from BART-eligible emission units at the Fairburn facility. The results of this analysis indicate that OC is not subject to BART because the BART-eligible source does not co ntribute to visibility impairment at Cohutta Wilderness Area, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area, Shining Rock Wilderness Area, or Sipsey Wilder ness Area, as demonstrated by a screening modeling analysis that quantified the maximum annual vi sibility impact as being less than the 0.5 dv

contribution threshold.

Since the modeling analyses indicate that the OC Fairburn facility is not subject to BART, OC does

not intend to submit a BART Determinati on Analysis and Permit Application.

OC anticipates maintaining close communica tion with Georgia EPD to discuss additional information, data resources, and/or revisions to VISTAS modeling methods that may affect the BART applicability determination described in this report. OC reserves the right to revise the applicability analyses and determinations described in this repor t if such methods are approved for regulatory use by U.S. EPA and Georgia EPD and cha nge the outcome of this analysis.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## A PPENDIX 

## A

VISTAS BART M ODELING 

### P ROTOCOL 

### (R EVISION 

### 3.2, A UGUST 

### 31, 2006)

# P r ot oc ol f o r t h e A p p l i c at i on of t h e C A L P U F F M od e l f or A n al ys e s of B e s t
A vai l ab l e R e t r of i t T e c h n ol ogy ( B A R T )

D e c e m b e r 22, 2005

( R e vi s i on 3. 2

– 8/ 31/ 06 )



## V i s i b i l i ty I m p r o ve me n t S tat e an d T r i b al A s s o c i a ti on of th e S ou th e as t ( V I S TA S )T a b l e o f Co n t e n t s i v 

## T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

P a g e

S U M M A R Y 1

1

. I N T R O D U C TI O N A N D P R O T O C OL O BJ E C TI V ES 1

1

. 1 Back g ro u n d 1

1

. 2 O b j ect i v e o f t h i s P ro t o co l 2

2

. R E V I E W O F E P A ’ S G U I D A N C E F O R B A R T M O D ELI N G 5

2

. 1 O v erv i e w o f t h e R eg i o n al H a ze B A R T Pro ces s 5

2

. 2 Mo d el R eco mm en d at i o n s fo r t h e B A R T A n al y s i s 7

2

. 3 Pe rfo r man c e o f a C ap an d T rad e P ro g ra m 8

3

. O V E R V I E W O F T HE C A L P U F F M O D E LI N G S Y ST E M 1 0

3

. 1 C ap ab i l i t i es an d fe at u res o f C A L P U FF 1 0

3

. 1

. 1 Maj o r Fe at u res o f C A L M E T 1 2

3

. 1

. 2 Maj o r Fe at u res o f C A L P U FF 1 4

3

. 1

. 3 Maj o r Fe at u res o f Po s t p ro c es s o rs ( C A L P O S T an d P O S T U T I L ) 1 8

3

. 2 D i s cu s s i o n o f C A L P U FF A p p l i cab i l i t y an d L i mi t a t i o n s 1 9

3

. 2

. 1 T r an s p o rt an d D i f fu s i o n 1 9

3

. 2

. 2 A e ro s o l Co n s t i t u en t s 2 2

3

. 2

. 3 Reg i o n al H a ze 3 0

4

. V I S T A S’ C O M M O N M O D E L I N G P R OT O C OL 3 4

4

. 1 O v erv i e w o f Co m mo n Mo d el i n g A p p ro ach 3 4

4

. 1

. 1 B A R T E x e mp t i o n A n al y s i s 3 4

4

. 1

. 2 B A R T Co n t ro l E v al u at i o n 3 6

4

. 1

. 3 V IS T A S’ T re at men t o f V O C, N H 3 , an d PM 3 6

4

. 2 O p t i o n al So u rce

- Sp e ci fi c Mo d el i n g 3 8

4

. 3 In i t i al Pro ced u re fo r B A R T E x e mp t i o n 3 8

4

. 3

. 1 O v erv i e w o f In i t i al A p p ro ach 3 8

4

. 3

. 2 D i s cu s s i o n o f 1 2

- k m In i t i al E x e mp t i o n Mo d el i n g 3 9

4

. 3

. 3 Mo d el Co n fi g u rat i o n an d S et t i n g s fo r In i t i al A n a l y s i s 4 1

4

. 4 Fi n er G ri d Mo d el i n g Pro c ed u res 4 6

4

. 4

. 1 Rat i o n al e fo r an d O v erv i e w o f Fi n e r G ri d Mo d el i n g A p p ro ach 4 6

4

. 4

. 2 Mo d el Co n fi g u rat i o n an d S et t i n g s fo r Fi n e r G ri d Mo d el i n g 4 7

4

. 5 Pres en t at i o n o f Mo d el i n g Res u l t s 4 9

4

. 6 V IS T A S Co n t ri b u t i o n t o C A L P U FF Mo d el i n g o f B A R T E l i g i b l e So u rces 5 4

5

. SO U R C E

- S P E C I F I C M O D E LI N G P R O T O C O L 5 5T a b l e o f Co n t e n t s i v 6

. Q U A LI T Y A SS U R A N C E 5 8

6

. 1 Sco p e an d Pu rp o s e o f t h e Q A p ro g r am 5 8

6

. 2 Q A P ro ced u r es fo r Co m mo n P ro t o co l Mo d el i n g 5 9

6

. 2

. 1 Q u al i t y Co n t ro l o f In p u t D at a 5 9

6

. 2

. 2 Q u al i t y Co n t ro l o f A p p l i cat i o n o f C A L M E T 6 0

6

. 2

. 3 Q u al i t y Co n t ro l o f A p p l i cat i o n o f C A L P U FF 6 1

6

. 2

. 4 Q u al i t y Co n t ro l o f A p p l i cat i o n o f C A L P O S T an d P O S T U T I L 6 2

6

. 3 A d d i t i o n al Q A Is s u es fo r A l t ern at i v e So u rc e

- Sp eci fi c Mo d el i n g 6 3

6

. 4 A s s es s men t o f U n ce rt ai n t y i n Mo d el i n g Res u l t s 6 4

7

. R E F E R E N C ES 6 5S u m m a r y S

- 1 

## S U M M A R Y

T h i s P ro t o co l fo r t h e A p p l i cat i o n o f t h e C A L P U FF Mo d el fo r A n al y s es o f B es t A v ai l ab l e

Ret ro fi t T ech n o l o g y (B A RT ) fo r t h e V I S T A S R eg i o n al Pl an n i n g O rg an i z at i o n (RP O ) d es c ri b es

co m mo n p ro ced u res fo r c arry i n g o u t ai r q u al i t y mo d e l i n g t o s u p p o rt BA R T d et er mi n at i o n s t h at

are co n s i s t en t w i t h g u i d el i n es o f t h e U

. S

. E n v i ro n men t al Pro t ect i o n A g en cy i n 4 0 CF R P art 5 1

A

p p en d i x W an d A p p e n d i x Y

. T h e Pro t o co l i s i n t e n d ed t o s erv e as t h e b as i s fo r a co mmo n

u n d ers t an d i n g amo n g t h e o rg an i zat i o n s t h at w i l l b e p e rfo rmi n g B A R T an al y s es o r rev i e w i n g t h e

B A R T mo d el i n g r es u l t s i n t h e V I S T A S reg i o n

.



### B ac k gr ou n d

Bes t A v ai l ab l e Ret ro fi t T e ch n o l o g y i s req u i red fo r an y B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t h at ‘‘e mi t s an y ai r

p o l l u t an t w h i ch m ay re as o n ab l y b e an t i ci p at ed t o c au s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o an y i mp ai rm en t o f

v i s i b i l i t y ” i n an y man d at o ry Cl as s I fed er al are a. A cco r d i n g t o 4 0 CFR Part 5 1 A p p en d i x Y

, “ Yo u

ca n u s e d i s p er s i o n m o d el i n g t o d et er m i n e t h a t a n i n d i vi d u a l s o u r ce ca n n o t r ea s o n a b l y b e

a n t i ci p a t ed t o ca u s e o r co n t r i b u t e t o vi s i b i l i t y i m p a i r m en t i n a Cl a s s I a r ea a n d t h u s i s n o t s u b j ect

t o B A R T

. ” In t h e “i n d i v i d u al s o u rce at t ri b u t i o n ap p ro ach

, ” a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t h at i s

res p o n s i b l e fo r a 1

. 0 d eci v i ew (d v ) ch an g e o r mo re i s co n s i d ered t o “cau s e” v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t

. A B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t h at i s res p o n s i b l e fo r a 0

. 5 d v ch an g e o r mo re i s co n s i d er ed t o
“co n t ri b u t e” t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i n a Cl as s I a rea. A n y s o u rce d et er mi n ed t o cau s e o r

co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i n an y Cl as s I ar ea i s s u b j ect t o B A R T

.

T h e me mb er s t at es o f t h e V IS T A S R P O ag r eed t o d ev el o p a co mmo n B A R T Mo d el i n g Pro t o co l

t o g u i d e t h em, t h ei r s o u rces , an d r ev i e w ers i n t h e B A R T d e t er mi n at i o n an d rev i e w effo rt

. T h e

Pro t o co l h as b een i n p rep ar at i o n w i t h i n V I S T A S s i n ce J an u ary 2 0 0 5

. T h e o ri g i n al au t h o rs a re Pat

Bre w er, V I S T A S T ech n i cal Co o rd i n at o r, an d Iv ar T o mb ach

, V I S T A S T ech n i c al A d v i s o r. T h e
V I S T A S s t at e B A R T co n t act s , p a rt i cu l a rl y T o m Ro g er s , F L

, Ch ri s A rri n g t o n , W V

, L ei g h Baco n , A L

, an d Mi ch a el K i s s , V A

, h av e d i rect ed an d ex t en s i v el y rev i e w ed t h e Pro t o co l

. T h e Pro t o co l

w as en h an ced an d co mp l et ed w i t h t h e as s i s t an ce o f J o s ep h Sci re, Ch ri s t el l e E s co f fi er

- Cz aj a an d

J el en a Po p o v i c o f E art h T ech

, In c. an d i t h as recei v e d ex t en s i v e co n t ri b u t i o n s an d rev i ew fro m

t h e V I S T A S fed e ral p art n e rs : Fed er al L an d Man ag e rs an d U S E P A

. T h e V IS T A S R P O h el d a

meet i n g o n S ep t emb er 2 1

, 2 0 0 5 i n Res e arch T ri an g l e Pa rk

, N C t o d i s cu s s t h e Pro t o co l w i t h

p art i ci p an t s b efo re s t a rt i n g a p u b l i c co mm en t p eri o d

. T h e P ro t o co l u n d er w en t fo rm al ex t ern al

rev i e w d u ri n g t h e p eri o d b et w een Sep t emb er 2 6

, 2 0 0 5 an d O ct o b er 3 1

, 2 0 0 5

. N u me ro u s

co m men t s w e re rec ei v ed

. A l l co m men t s w ere c arefu l l y co n s i d ered an d d i s cu s s ed w i t h V IS T A S

p art i ci p an t s an d fed er al p art n ers

. V I S T A S g r at efu l l y a ck n o w l ed g es t h e v ery u s efu l co n t ri b u t i o n s

o f t h o s e t h at p ro v i d ed co mmen t s

. O n N o v e mb er 1 s t

, 2 0 0 5 V IS T A S h el d an o t h er meet i n g w i t h i t s

p art i ci p an t s i n N as h v i l l e, T N t o p res en t an d d i s cu s s t h e co m men t s b ei n g co n s i d ered fo r i n cl u s i o n
i n t h e Pro t o co l

. N o fo r mal d o cu men t w i l l b e p rep a re d t o ad d res s al l t h e co mm en t s rec ei v ed o n

t h e Pro t o co l

.S u m m a r y S

- 2 

### O b j e c t i ve s

T h e o b j ect i v es o f t h e Pro t o co l (d i s cu s s ed i n Ch ap t er 1 ) are t o p ro v i d e:

 A co n s i s t en t ap p ro ach t o d et er mi n e i f a s o u rce i s s u b j ec t t o B A R T

 A co n s i s t en t mo d el (C A L P U F F) an d mo d el i n g g u i d el i n es fo r B A R T d et ermi n at i o n s

 Cl earl y d el i n eat ed mo d el i n g s t ep s

 A co m mo n C A L P U F F co n fi g u r at i o n

 G u i d an c e fo r s i t e

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g

 Co m mo n ex p ect at i o n s fo r rep o rt i n g mo d el res u l t s

T h e Pro t o co l i s n o t i n t en d ed t o d efi n e t h e en g i n eeri n g an al y s es req u i red b y t h e U S E P A ’s B A R T

G u i d an c e, n o r ad d r es s mo d el al t ern at i v es t o t h e C A L P U FF mo d el

, n o r ad d res s emi s s i o n s t rad i n g

.

Ch ap t er 2 i s i n t en d ed t o p r o v i d e s u mmar y b ac k g r o u n d o n E PA ’s g u i d an ce f o r BA RT mo d el i n g

. T h e CA L PU F F mo d el s y s t em i s rev i ew ed i n Ch a p t er 3

, w h i l e s p e ci f i c rec o mmen d a t i o n s f o r

ap p l y i n g t h e CA L PU FF mo d el f o r BA RT p u rp o s e s a p p ear i n C h ap t er 4

. Ch ap t er 5 d es cri b es t h e

s p eci fi c i n fo rmat i o n t h at s h o u l d b e i n cl u d ed i n s i t e

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l s

. Ch ap t er 6 d es cri b es t h e

q u al i t y as s u ran ce req u i re men t s fo r B A R T an al y s es i n t h e V I S T A S R P O

.



### R e c om m e n d at i on s

T h e m aj o r r eco mm en d at i o n s fo r V IS T A S B A R T mo d el i n g i n cl u d ed i n t h i s Pro t o co l ar e:

I

. P r o c es s

Fo l l o w t h e B A R T p ro c es s s t ep s d i s cu s s ed i n Ch ap t er 2 :

1

. Id en t i fy B A R T el i g i b l e s o u rces

2

. Id en t i fy w h i ch p o l l u t an t s h av e g r eat er t h an d e m i n i m i s emi s s i o n l ev el s

3

. Id en t i fy s o u rces t h at ar e s u b j ect t o B A R T

4

. Id en t i fy b as el i n e v i s i b i l i t y i mp act o f each B A R T s o u r c e

5

. Id en t i fy fe as i b l e co n t ro l s an d emi s s i o n ch an g es

6

. Id en t i fy t h e ch an g e i n v i s i b i l i t y i mp act fo r ea ch can d i d at e B A R T co n t ro l o p t i o n

7

. Co mp a re t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp ro v emen t o f B A R T co n t ro l o p t i o n s t o o t h er s t at u t o ry fact o rs i n

t h e en g i n eeri n g an al y s i sS u m m a r y S

- 3 I

I

. CA L P U FF Mo d el Co nfi g ur a t i o n

U s e t h e C A L P U F F d i s p ers i o n mo d el i n g s y s t em, as d es cri b ed i n Ch ap t er 4

, t o d et ermi n e i f a

s i n g l e s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o B A R T

. V I S T A S w i l l u s e C A L P U F F V ers i o n 5

. 7 5 4 an d C A L M E T

V e rs i o n 5

. 7

. T h es e v ers i o n s co n t ai n en h an ce men t s fu n d ed b y t h e Mi n eral s Man ag e men t S erv i ce (M MS ) an d V IS T A S. T h ey w e re d ev el o p ed b y E ar t h T e ch

, In c

. an d ar e mai n t ai n ed o n t h e
C A L P U FF w eb s i t e ( w w w

. s r c. co m ) fo r p u b l i c ac ces s

.

V I S T A S i s mak i n g p u b l i cl y av ai l ab l e 1 2

- k m C A L M E T o u t p u t fi l es fo r t h e en t i re V IS T A S

mo d el i n g d o mai n (e as t ern U n i t ed St at es ) an d i n t en d s t o al s o p ro v i d e CA L M E T o u t p u t fi l es fo r
fi v e 4

- k m g ri d s u b d o mai n s co v eri n g t h e V I S T A S s t at e s an d V I S T A S Cl as s I ar eas

. T o creat e t h e
C A L M E T i n p u t fi l es , E a rt h T e ch u s ed t h e MM5 d at ab as es d ev e l o p ed b y E P A fo r 2 0 0 1

, V I S T A S

fo r 2 0 0 2

, an d Mi d w es t RP O fo r 2 0 0 3

. Fo r t h e 1 2 k m g ri d l arg e d o mai n co v eri n g t h e en t i re

V I S T A S reg i o n , E a rt h T ech u s ed t h e N o

- O b s s et t i n g (i

. e. , d i d n o t i n cl u d e ad d i t i o n al s u rface an d

u p p er ai r o b s erv at i o n s b ey o n d t h o s e i n co rp o rat ed i n t h e M M5 cal cu l at i o n s ). Fo r fi n e r res o l u t i o n

s u b d o mai n s (4 k m g ri d o r l es s ), av ai l ab l e s u rface an d u p p er ai r o b s erv at i o n s w i l l b e u s ed i n
ad d i t i o n t o MM5 met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el o u t p u t s

. T h e s p eci fi c mo d el s et t i n g s w i l l b e p ro v i d ed

w i t h t h e C A L M E T f i l es an d v i a t h e C A L P U F F w eb s i t e s o t h at u s e rs c an r ev i e w o r rep l i c at e t h e

w o rk

.

Fo r C A L P U FF mo d el i n g , s o u rce emi s s i o n s s h o u l d b e d efi n ed u s i n g t h e max i mu m 2 4

- h o u r act u al

emi s s i o n rat e d u ri n g n o rmal o p erat i o n fo r t h e mo s t rec en t 3 o r 5 y ears

. If max i mu m 2 4

- h r a ct u al

emi s s i o n s are n o t av ai l ab l e, co n t i n u o u s emi s s i o n s d at a, p ermi t al l o w ab l e e mi s s i o n s , p o t en t i al

emi s s i o n s , an d emi s s i o n s fa ct o rs fro m A P

- 4 2 s o u r ce p r o fi l es may b e u s ed as av ai l ab l e.

K ey p o i n t s fro m co m men t s rec ei v ed o n t h e s p e ci fi c C A L P U F F, C A L P O S T

, an d P O S T U T I L

co n fi g u rat i o n s are h i g h l i g h t ed b el o w

.

• A ft e r ru n n i n g C A L P U FF fo r an i n d i v i d u al fa ci l i t y , rep a rt i t i o n N O 3 i n P O S T U T I L

. 1

• U s e o zo n e d at a fro m n o n

- u rb an mo n i t o rs as t h e b a ck g r o u n d o zo n e i n p u t

.

• U s e t h e Pas q u i l l

- G i f fo rd d i s p ers i o n met h o d

. 2

1 T h e o r i g i n a l i n t e n t

, a s e x p r e s s e d i n t h e F i n a l V I S T A S B A R T M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l ( 2 2 D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 5 ) w a s t o u s e C M A Q

- d e r i v e d b a c k g r o u n d d a t a f o r S O 2 , N O 3 a n d N H 3 i n P O S T U T I L

. A f t e r e x t e n s i v e d i s c u s s i o n w i t h t h e E P A

a n d F L M s i n e a r l y 2 0 0 6

, E P A d i d n o t a p p r o v e t h e r e c o m m e n d e d a p p r o a c h s o b a c k g r o u n d g a s e o u s

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f r o m C M A Q 2 0 0 2 m o d e l i n g w i l l n o t b e p r o v i d e d b y V I S T A S f o r u s e i n P O S T U T I L

. R a t h e r t h e

s t a n d a r d d e f a u l t N H 3 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s s p e c i f i e d o n p a g e 1 4 o f t h e I W A Q M P h a s e 2 r e p o r t ( I W A Q M

, 1 9 9 8 ) w i l l
b e u s e d

.

2 T h e F i n a l V I S T A S B A R T M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l ( D e c

. 2 2

, 2 0 0 5 ) r e c o m m e n d e d u s i n g t u r b u l e n c e

- b a s e d A E R M O D
d i s p e r s i o n m e t h o d s , c i t i n g E P A ’ s R e v i s i o n t o t

h e G u i d e l i n e o n A i r Q u a l i t y M o d e l s : A d o p t i o n o f a P r e f

e r r e d
G e n e r a l P u r p o s e ( F

l a t a n d C o m p l e x T e r r a i n ) D i s p e r s i o n M o d e l a n d O t h e r R e v i s i o n s ; F i n a l R u l e

. 7 0 F R 6 8 2 1 8

- 6 8 2 6 1

. 9 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 5

. S u b s e q u e n t l y , E P A R e g i o n I V n o t i f i e d t h e V I S T A S s t a t e s t h a t u s i n g t u r b u l e n c e

-S u m m a r y S

- 4 • In C A L P O S T

, u s e Met h o d 6 w i t h mo n t h l y av er ag e R H fo r cal cu l at i n g ex t i n ct i o n , as

reco m men d ed b y t h e E P A

.

• U s e E P A d efau l t cal cu l at i o n s o f l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n u n d er cu rr en t an d n at u ral b ack g ro u n d

co n d i t i o n s

. In ad d i t i o n t o t h e d efau l t as s u mp t i o n s , a s o u rce may ch o o s e t o al s o cal cu l at e

v i s i b i l i t y u s i n g t h e recen t l y rev i s ed IMPR O V E al g o ri t h m d es cri b ed b y Pi t ch fo rd

, et al

. , (2 0 0 5 ).

Pro v i d e r es u l t s i n t ab l es as i l l u s t rat ed i n Ch ap t er 4 t h at d es cri b e, fo r ea ch s o u rce:

• N u mb er o f rec ep t o rs w i t h i n a s i n g l e Cl as s I are a w i t h i mp act > 0

. 5 d v

• N u mb er o f d ay s at al l rec ep t o rs i n t h e Cl as s I a rea w i t h i mp act > 0

. 5 d v

• N u mb er o f Cl as s I ar eas w i t h i mp act s > 0

. 5 d v

I

I

I

. C A L P U F

F Ap p l i ca t i o n fo r BA R T

Fo r d et e rmi n i n g i f a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o B A R T C A L P U FF mo d el i n g , u s e a t w o

t i er ap p ro ach

. Fo r t h e i n i t i al ex emp t i o n mo d el i n g u s e C A L P U FF w i t h 1 2

- k m g ri d C A L M E T

. Fo r
fi n er res o l u t i o n o f met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s , u s e CA L P U F F w i t h C A L M E T o f 4

- k m o r s mal l er g ri d

s i ze.

V I S T A S St at es are ac cep t i n g E P A g u i d an c e t h at t h e t h res h o l d v al u e t o es t ab l i s h t h at a s o u rce

co n t ri b u t es t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i s 0

. 5 d e ci v i ew

.

V I S T A S St at es are u s i n g e mi s s i o n s (t o n s p er y ear) d i v i d ed b y d i s t an ce (k m) fro m a Cl as s I are a
b o u n d ary (Q / d ) as a p res u mp t i v e i n d i cat o r t h at a BA R T

- el i g i b l e s o u r ce i s s u b j ect t o BA R T

. If
Q / d fo r S O 2 i s g re at er t h an 1 0 fo r 2 0 0 2 a ct u al an n u al e mi s s i o n s , t h en t h e St at e p r es u mes t h at t h e

s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o BA R T an d n o ex emp t i o n mo d el i n g w i l l b e p erfo rm ed u s i n g V IS T A S fu n d s

. If

t h e s o u rce ag re es w i t h t h i s p res u mp t i o n , t h en t h e s o u rc e can p ro ce ed t o t h e B A R T d et e rmi n at i o n

u s i n g CA L P U FF t o ev al u at e i mp act s o f co n t ro l o p t i o n s an d p erfo rm t h e en g i n eeri n g an al y s es

. If a

s o u rce d i s ag re es , t h e s o u rc e may p erfo r m fi n e g ri d mo d el i n g t o d et ermi n e i f i t s i mp act i s < 0

. 5 d v

.

Fo r s o u rces w i t h Q / d l es s t h an o r eq u al t o 1 0

, V IS T A S i n t en d s t o fu n d T RC E n v i ro n men t al

Co rp

. 3 t o as s i s t St at es w i t h t h e i n i t i al CA L P U F F ex e m p t i o n mo d el i n g

. E ach St at e w i l l p ri o ri t i ze

w h i ch s o u rc es w i l l b e o ffered mo d el i n g b y V IS T A S. Mo d el i n g o f t h es e s o u r ces w i l l b e

co n d u ct ed i n p ri o ri t y o rd er t o fi rs t acco m mo d at e St at es w i t h n ea rer t e rm t i mi n g co n s t rai n t s i n

t h ei r SIP d ev el o p m en t p ro ces s

. T o co n s erv e V IS T A S res o u r ces , mo d el i n g w i l l b eg i n w i t h

s o u rces at l o w er Q / d v al u es an d co n t i n u e w i t h s o u rces w i t h h i g h er Q / d v al u es u n t i l a Q / d v al u e

b a s e d d i s p e r s i o n m e t h o d s w o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a n o n

- g u i d e l i n e a p p l i c a t i o n o f C A L P U F F

. T h u s t h i s P r o t o c o l
h a s b e e n r e v i s e d t o i n d i c a t e P a s q u i l l

- G i f f o r d d i s p e r s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s s h o u l d b e u s e d

.

3 I n A p r i l 2 0 0 6

, E a r t h T e c h ’ s C A L P U F F m o d e l i n g s t a f f b e c a m e p a r t o f T R C E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o r p o r a t i o n

. R e f e r e n c e s t o E a r t h T e c h a n d t o T R C i n t h i s p r o t o c o l r e f e r t o t h e s a m e t e c h n i c a l s t a f f

, j u s t a t d i f f e r e n t t i m e s

.S u m m a r y S

- 5

t h at co n s i s t en t l y res u l t s i n a g reat er t h an 0

. 5 d v i mp act i s i d en t i fi ed

. Ch ap t er 4 ad d res s es t h e

n u mb er o f V I S T A S s o u rc es el i g i b l e fo r B A R T b as ed o n Q / d an al y s i s

.

N o t e t h at V IS T A S d o es n o t p ro p o s e t o u s e Q / d t o ex emp t B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces , b u t o n l y t o

p ri o ri t i ze s o u rces fo r mo d el i n g p u rp o s es

. T h u s t h i s ap p l i cat i o n i s co n s i s t en t w i t h E P A g u i d an c e

n o t t o u s e Q / d fo r ex e mp t i o n p u rp o s es

.

Fo r t h e 1 2

- k m i n i t i al mo d el i n g ex e mp t i o n t es t

, co mp a r e t h e h i g h es t s i n g l e 2 4

- h o u r av er ag e v al u e

acro s s al l recep t o rs i n t h e Cl as s I area t o t h e t h res h o l d v al u e o f 0

. 5 d v

. If t h e h i g h es t 2 4

- h r

av erag e v al u e i s b el o w 0

. 5 d v at al l Cl as s I areas , t h en t h e s o u rce i s n o t s u b j ect t o BA R T

. If t h e
h i g h es t 2 4

- h r av erag e v al u e i s g reat e r t h an 0

. 5 d v , t h e n t h e s o u rce may ch o o s e t o p e rfo r m fi n e r

g ri d mo d el i n g fo r ex emp t i o n p u rp o s es o r m ay a ccep t d et ermi n at i o n t h at t h e s o u rc e i s s u b j ect t o

B A R T an d p ro ceed t o es t ab l i s h v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s p ri o r t o an d aft er B A R T co n t ro l s

. If u s i n g t h e

s i n g l e h i g h es t 2 4

- h r av erag e v al u e p ro v es , aft er i n i t i al 1 2

- k m g ri d CA L P U F F mo d el i n g , t o b e t o o

co n s erv at i v e a s cr een i n g l ev el

, V I S T A S m ay al l o w s o me ex ce ed an c es o f t h e t h res h o l d v al u e fo r

ex emp t i o n p u rp o s es , u p t o n o mo r e t h an t h e 9 8 t h p er cen t i l e v al u e.

T h e 1 2

- k m mo d el i n g res u l t s can b e u s ed t o fo cu s fi n e r g ri d mo d el i n g fo r ex emp t i o n p u rp o s es o n

o n l y t h o s e Cl as s I ar eas w h ere i mp a ct s g reat e r t h an 0

. 5 d v w ere p ro j ect ed i n t h e 1 2

- k m mo d el i n g

.

Fo r fi n er g ri d (4 k m o r l es s ) an al y s es , u s e t h e 9 8 t h p er cen t i l e i mp act v al u e fo r t h e 2 4

- h r av er ag e.

U s e ei t h er t h e 8 t h h i g h es t d ay i n each y ear o r t h e 2 2 n d h i g h es t d ay i n t h e 3

- y ear p eri o d

, w h i ch ev er
i s mo re co n s erv at i v e , fo r co mp ari s o n t o t h e ex e mp t i o n t h res h o l d

.

U s e t h e s a me mo d el as s u mp t i o n s fo r p re

- B A R T v i s i b i l i t y i mp act an d fo r B A R T co n t ro l o p t i o n s

mo d el i n g : es t ab l i s h b as el i n e v i s i b i l i t y fro m t h e p r e

- B A R T ru n ; ch an g e o n e co n t ro l at a t i me; an d

ev al u at e t h e ch an g e i n v i s i b i l i t y i mp act

, i

. e. t h e d el t a

- d eci v i e w

. N o t e t h at “n o co n t ro l ” m ay

co n s t i t u t e BA R T

.

V i s i b i l i t y i mp act i s o n e o f t h e fi v e fact o rs co n s i d ered i n t h e en g i n eeri n g an al y s i s req u i red u n d er

t h e U S E P A B A R T g u i d el i n e. If a s o u rce acc ep t s t o i n s t i t u t e t h e mo s t s t ri n g en t co n t ro l

, t h e

en g i n eeri n g an al y s es are n o t req u i r ed

.

T h i s co m mo n V I S T A S P ro t o co l co n s i s t en t l y reco mm e n d s c o n s erv at i v e as s u mp t i o n s

. In d i v i d u al

St at es u l t i mat el y h av e res p o n s i b i l i t y t o d et ermi n e w h i ch

, i f an y , B A R T co n t ro l s ar e

reco m men d ed i n t h ei r St at e I mp l em en t at i o n Pl an s ( SI P s ).In t r o d u c t i o n a n d P r o t o c o l O b j e c t i v e s 1 

## 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N A N D P R O T O C O L O B JE C T I V E S

1. 1 B ac k gr ou n d

U n d e r reg i o n al h a ze r eg u l at i o n s , t h e E n v i ro n men t al Pro t ect i o n A g en cy ( E P A ) h as i s s u ed fi n al

g u i d el i n es d at ed J u l y 6

, 2 0 0 5 fo r Bes t A v ai l ab l e Ret ro f i t T e ch n o l o g y (B A R T ) d et er mi n at i o n s (7 0

FR 3 9 1 0 4

- 3 9 1 7 2 ). T h e reg i o n al h a ze ru l e i n cl u d es a req u i re men t fo r B A R T fo r c ert ai n l arg e

s t a t i o n ary s o u rces

. So u r ces a re B A R T

- el i g i b l e i f t h ey meet t h re e c ri t eri a i n cl u d i n g p o t en t i al

emi s s i o n s o f at l eas t 2 5 0 t o n s p er y ear o f a v i s i b i l i t y

- i mp ai ri n g p o l l u t an t

, w ere p u t i n p l ace
b et w e en A u g u s t 7

, 1 9 6 2 an d A u g u s t 7

, 1 9 7 7

, an d fal l w i t h i n o n e o f t h e 2 6 l i s t ed s o u rce cat eg o ri es
i n t h e g u i d an ce. A B A R T en g i n e eri n g ev al u at i o n u s i n g fi v e s t at u t o ry fact o rs

- - 1 ) ex i s t i n g

co n t ro l s ; 2 ) co s t ; 3 ) en erg y an d n o n

- ai r en v i ro n men t a l i mp act s ; 4 ) r em ai n i n g u s efu l l i fe o f t h e

s o u rce; 5 ) d eg ree o f v i s i b i l i t y i mp ro v em en t ex p ect e d fro m t h e ap p l i cat i o n o f co n t ro l s

-- i s

req u i red fo r an y B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t h at can b e r ea s o n ab l y ex p ect ed t o cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o
i mp ai rm en t o f v i s i b i l i t y i n an y o f t h e 1 5 6 fed eral p ark s an d w i l d ern es s ( Cl as s I) ar eas p ro t ect ed

u n d er t h e reg i o n al h aze ru l e. ( N o t e t h at

, d ep en d i n g o n t h e fi v e fact o rs , t h e ev al u at i o n may res u l t

i n n o co n t ro l

. ) A i r q u al i t y mo d el i n g i s an i mp o rt an t t o o l av ai l ab l e t o t h e St at es t o d et er mi n e

w h et h e r a s o u rc e c an b e r eas o n ab l y ex p e ct ed t o co n t r i b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i n a Cl as s I

area

.

T h ro u g h o u t t h i s d o cu men t t h e t er m “ B A R T

- el i g i b l e emi s s i o n u n i t ” i s d efi n ed as an y s i n g l e
emi s s i o n u n i t t h at meet s t h e cri t eri a d es cri b ed ab o v e

. A “ B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce” i s d efi n ed as t h e

t o t al o f al l B A R T

- el i g i b l e emi s s i o n u n i t s at a s i n g l e faci l i t y

. I f a s o u rce h as s ev eral e mi s s i o n

u n i t s , o n l y t h o s e t h at meet t h e B A R T

- el i g i b l e cri t eri a are i n cl u d ed i n t h e d e fi n i t i o n “BA R T

el i g i b l e s o u rce”.

O n e o f t h e l i s t ed cat eg o ri es i s s t ea m el ect ri c p l an t s o f mo re t h an 2 5 0 mi l l i o n BT U / h r h e at i n p u t

. T o d et er mi n e i f s u ch a p l an t h as g reat er t h an 2 5 0 mi l l i o n BT U / h r h eat i n p u t an d i s p o t en t i al l y

s u b j ect t o BA R T

, t h e b o i l er c ap aci t i es o f al l el e ct ri c g en erat i n g u n i t s (E G U s ) s h o u l d b e ad d ed

t o g et h er reg ard l es s o f co n s t ru ct i o n d at e. In t h i s cat eg o ry , el ect ri c g en erat i n g s o u rces g reat er t h an

7 5 0 M W h av e p res u mp t i v e S O 2 an d N O

x e mi s s i o n l i mi t s

. St at es may p r es u me t h e s am e l i mi t s fo r

E G U s o u rces b et w een 2 5 0

- 7 5 0 M W

. H o w ev er, u n i t s at t h o s e s o u rces co n s t ru ct ed aft er t h e

B A R T

- el i g i b i l i t y d at es are n o t s u b j ect t o a BA R T en g i n eeri n g ev al u at i o n

. E P A

, i n t h e Cl ean A i r

In t ers t at e Ru l e (C A IR ), d et er mi n ed t h at an E G U p a rt i ci p at i n g i n t h e CA I R t rad i n g p ro g ram

s at i s fi es t h e BA R T r eq u i rem en t s fo r S O 2 an d N O

x . V IS T A S s t at es are t en t at i v el y ac cep t i n g t h i s

g u i d an ce. C A IR d o es n o t co v er PM s o E G U s w o u l d s t i l l n eed t o ev al u at e i mp act s o f PM i f PM

emi s s i o n s are ab o v e d e m i n i m i s v al u es

.

A s i l l u s t rat ed i n T ab l e 1

- 1

, as o f D ece mb er 5

, 2 0 0 5

, V IS T A S St at es h ad i d en t i fi ed a t o t al o f 2 7 4

B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces t h at fal l i n t o 2 0 o f t h e 2 6 BA R T s o u rce cat eg o ri es

. O f t h e 2 7 4 s o u rces

w i t h B A R T

- el i g i b l e u n i t s , 8 4 s o u rces are u t i l i t y E G U s an d 1 9 0 are n o n

- E G U i n d u s t ri al s o u rces

. (N o t e t h at t h es e n u mb ers ar e n o t fi n al an d are s u b j ect t o s l i g h t ad j u s t men t s an d refi n emen t s

. ) N o

B A R T s o u rces ar e l o cat ed o n T ri b al l an d s

.In t r o d u c t i o n a n d P r o t o c o l O b j e c t i v e s 2 Ta bl e 1

- 1

. V I ST A S B A R T El i g i bl e So ur ces (n o t u p d at ed s i n ce D ec emb e r 2 0 0 5 )



### S t at e T ot al N u m b e r of S ou r c e s E G U S ou r c e s N on

- E G U
S ou r c e s

A L 4 8 8 4 0

FL 5 0 2 3 2 7

G A 2 4 1 0 1 4

K Y 2 9 1 2 1 7

MS 1 8 8 1 0

N C 1 6 5 1 1

SC 3 1 6 2 5

T N 1 3 2 1 1

V A 1 8 3 1 5

W V 2 6 7 1 9



### T ot al 2 7 3 8 4 1 8 9



### 1. 2 O b j e c t i ve of t h i s P r ot oc ol

T h e o b j ect i v e o f t h i s V IS T A S’ B A R T Mo d el i n g Pro t o co l i s t o d es cri b e co mmo n p ro ced u res fo r
ai r q u al i t y mo d el i n g t o s u p p o rt BA R T d et e rmi n at i o n s t h at are co n s i s t en t w i t h t h e E P A g u i d el i n es

. T h e p ro t o co l w i l l s erv e as t h e b as i s fo r es t ab l i s h i n g a co mmo n u n d e rs t an d i n g amo n g t h e

o rg an i zat i o n s w h o w i l l b e p erfo rmi n g t h e B A R T an al y s es o r rev i ew i n g t h e BA R T mo d el i n g

res u l t s , i n cl u d i n g V IS T A S St at e an d L o cal ai r reg u l at o ry ag en ci es , E P A

, Fed eral L an d Man ag ers (F L Ms ), s o u r ce o p erat o rs , an d co n t ract o rs fo r t h e s o u r ces

. T h i s fi n al p ro t o co l i n co rp o rat es E P A

fi n al g u i d an ce an d co mm en t s t h at w e re rec ei v ed o n V IS T A S’ d raft p ro t o co l 4 an d p ro v i d es
ad d i t i o n al d es cri p t i o n o f mo d el i n g p ro ced u res

. T h e o ri g i n al fi n al p ro t o co l o f 2 2 D ece mb er 2 0 0 5

h as b een rev i s ed s i n ce t h en t o cl ari fy i t ems , res o l v e t ech n i cal i s s u es , an d refl ect d eci s i o n s b y t h e

E P A an d F L Ms

. T h i s d o cu m en t i s t h e t h i rd r ev i s i o n

.

T h e V IS T A S St at es h av e ac cep t ed E P A ’s g u i d a n ce t o u s e t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em t o

co mp l y w i t h t h e B A R T mo d el i n g req u i re men t s o f t h e reg i o n al h aze ru l e

. A B A R T

- el i g i b l e

s o u rce w i l l b e req u i red t o s u b mi t a s i t e

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l t o t h e St at e fo r r ev i e w an d

ap p ro v al p ri o r t o p erfo rmi n g C A L P U F F mo d el i n g

. St at es w i l l co n s u l t w i t h FL Ms an d t h e E P A

w h en ev al u at i n g t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c B A R T p ro t o co l s

. T h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l w i l l i n cl u d e t h e

4 D r a f

t P r o t o c o l f o r t h e A p

p l i c a t i o n o f t

h e C A L P U F

F M o d e l f o r A n a l y

s e s o f B e s t A v a i l a b l e R e t r o f

i t T e c h n o l o g y ( B

A R T )

. V I S T A S

, M a r c h 2 2

, 2 0 0 5 a n d S e p t e m b e r 2 0

, 2 0 0 5

.In t r o d u c t i o n a n d P r o t o c o l O b j e c t i v e s 3 s o u rce

- s p eci fi c d at a o n s o u rc e l o cat i o n , s t ack p a ra me t ers , an d e mi s s i o n s

. T h e met h o d s o f t h e

V I S T A S co m mo n mo d el i n g p ro t o co l w i l l b e fo l l o w e d i n t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l u n l es s t h e

s o u rce p ro p o s es t o t h e St at e, an d t h e St at e ap p ro v es , al t ern at i v e met h o d s o r as s u mp t i o n s

.

E a ch V I S T A S St at e o r L o cal ag en cy ret ai n s r es p o n s i b i l i t y fo r t h e s p eci fi c p ro c ed u re s an d

p ro ces s es i t w i l l fo l l o w i n w o rk i n g w i t h t h e B A R T s o u rces u n d er i t s j u ri s d i ct i o n , t h e FL Ms

, E P A

,

an d p u b l i c t o d et ermi n e B A R T co n t ro l s fo r s o u r ces i n t h e St at e. N o t h i n g i n t h e V IS T A S p ro c es s

rep l aces St at es ’ res p o n s i b i l i t y t o d et ermi n e B A R T co n t ro l s

.

T h e r em ai n d er o f t h i s d o cu men t d es cri b es t h e CA L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em an d t h e ap p l i cat i o n o f

C A L P U FF t o t w o s i t u at i o n s :

• A i r q u al i t y mo d el i n g t o d et e rmi n e w h et h er a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s “s u b j ect t o B A R T ”

an d t h erefo re t h e B A R T an al y s i s p ro ces s mu s t b e ap p l i ed t o i t s o p erat i o n s

.

• A i r q u al i t y mo d el i n g o f emi s s i o n s fro m s o u r ces t h at h a v e b een fo u n d t o b e s u b j ect t o

B A R T

, t o ev al u at e reg i o n al h a ze b en efi t s o f al t ern at i v e co n t ro l o p t i o n s an d t o d o cu men t

t h e b en efi t s o f t h e p r efer red o p t i o n

.

Ch ap t ers 2 an d 3 o f t h i s d o cu men t a re i n t en d ed t o p ro v i d e b ack g ro u n d i n fo rm at i o n o n E P A ’s

g u i d an ce fo r B A R T an al y s i s mo d el i n g an d o n t h e C A L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em

. Su b s eq u en t

ch ap t ers i n cl u d e mo re s p eci fi c reco mm en d at i o n s

. Ch ap t er 2 o f t h i s d o cu men t r ev i e w s E P A ’s

g u i d an ce f o r reg i o n al h az e B A R T an al y s i s mo d el i n g , as o u t l i n ed i n t h e 6 J u l y 2 0 0 5 F ed eral
Reg i s t er n o t i ce

. T h e C A L P U FF mo d el i s t h e p r efer r ed mo d el re co m men d ed b y t h e E P A fo r

B A R T mo d el i n g an al y s es an d i t s ch ar act eri s t i cs an d l i mi t at i o n s are d i s cu s s ed i n Ch ap t er 3

. T h e

s p eci fi c s t ep s t o d et ermi n e w h et h er a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o B A R T an d t o ev al u at e

B A R T co n t ro l s are d es cri b ed i n Ch ap t er 4

. T h e p ro c ed u res i n cl u d e i n i t i al mo d el i n g o f BA R T

el i g i b l e s o u rces u s i n g C A L P U FF ru n i n a co n s erv at i v e mo d e w i t h reg i o n al m et eo ro l o g i cal

d at as et s

. Fo r s o u r ces d et e rmi n ed t o b e s u b j ect t o B A R T b as ed o n t h es e fi rs t mo d el i n g an al y s es , fu rt h er fi n er g ri d C A L P U FF an al y s es w o u l d b e p erf o rmed

. T h e mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n fo r t h e

co m mo n mo d el i n g p ro t o co l i s d es cri b ed i n Ch ap t er 4

. D et ai l s o f t h e s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l are
d es cri b ed i n Ch ap t er 5

. A q u al i t y as s u ran ce p l an i s o u t l i n ed i n Ch ap t er 6

.

E P A ’s g u i d an c e al l o w s fo r t h e u s e o f ap p ro p ri at e al t ern at i v e mo d el s , h o w ev e r V I S T A S w i l l n o t

d ev el o p a p ro t o co l fo r al t ern at i v e mo d e l s

. T h i s p ro t o co l fo cu s es o n g u i d an c e fo r t h e ap p l i cat i o n

o f t h e p r efer red C A L P U F F mo d el i n g ap p ro a ch

. If a s o u rce w an t s t o u s e an al t e rn at i v e mo d el i n
i t s BA R T d emo n s t rat i o n , t h e s o u rc e w i l l n eed t o s u b mi t a d et ai l ed w ri t t en j u s t i fi cat i o n t o t h e
St at e fo r r ev i e w an d ap p ro v al

. T h e St at e w i l l p ro v i d e t h e d o cu m en t at i o n t o t h e E P A an d F ed eral

L an d M an ag ers fo r t h ei r r ev i e w

.

A l s o , t h i s p ro t o co l d o es n o t ad d r es s a p ref erred mo d el i n g ap p ro ach t o d e mo n s t rat e t h e
effe ct i v en es s o f an o p t i o n al e mi s s i o n s cap an d t r ad e p r o g ram

. Su ch a c ap an d t rad e p ro g ra m i s

n o t req u i red

, b u t can b e i mp l em en t ed i n l i eu o f B A R T i f d es i red b y t h e V IS T A S St at es

. V I S T A SIn t r o d u c t i o n a n d P r o t o c o l O b j e c t i v e s 4 St at es a re n o t p u rs u i n g a r eg i o n al t rad i n g al t ern at i v e u n d er t h e p ro p o s ed E P A t rad i n g g u i d an c e (7 0 F R 4 4 1 5 4

- 4 4 1 7 5 ) t h at i s t o b e p ro mu l g at ed i n 2 0 0 6

.R e v i e w o f E P

A ’s G u i d a n c e 5 

## 2. R E V I E W O F E P A ’ S G U I D A N C E F O R B A R T M O D E L I N G

T h e fi n a l g u i d an ce f o r reg i o n a l h aze BA RT d et ermi n a t i o n s w as p u b l i s h ed i n t h e Fed era l Reg i s t er

o n 6 J u l y 2 0 0 5 ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 0 4 t o 3 9 1 7 2 ). It p res c ri b es t h e m o d e l i n g ap p ro ac h e s t h at are t o b e u s ed

fo r v ar i o u s s t a g es o f t h e BA RT an al y s i s p ro ce s s

.

T h i s c h ap t er p ro v i d e s a s u mmar y o f E PA ’s g u i d an ce fo r BA RT mo d el i n g

. I t i s n o t i n t e n d ed t o

p ro v i d e a co mp reh e n s i v e rev i ew o f t h e g u i d a n ce. N o r d o es t h i s c h ap t er a d d re s s s p ec i f i c

reco mmen d at i o n s fo r V IST A S’ ap p ro ac h t o CA L PU F F BA R T mo d el i n g

. T h o s e rec o mmen d at i o n s

ap p ear i n Ch ap t er 4

.



### 2. 1 O ve r vi e w of t h e R e gi on al H az e B A R T P r o c e s s

T h e p ro ce s s o f e s t a b l i s h i n g BA RT emi s s i o n l i m i t a t i o n s co n s i s t s o f fo u r s t e p s :

1 ) Id e n t i f y w h et h er a s o u rce i s “BA RT

- el i g i b l e” b a s ed o n i t s s o u rce ca t eg o r y , w h en i t w as p u t i n

s erv i ce, an d t h e mag n i t u d e o f i t s emi s s i o n s o f o n e o r mo re “v i s i b i l i t y

- i mp a i r i n g ” a i r p o l l u t a

n t s

. T h e

BA R T g u i d e l i n e s l i s t 2 6 s o u rce ca t e g o r i e s o f s t a t i o n ar y s o u rces t h a t are BA RT

- el i g i b l e. So u rces

mu s t h a v e b ee n p u t i n s erv i ce b et w een A u g u s t 7

, 1 9 6 2 an d A u g u s t 7

, 1 9 7 7 i n o rd er t o b e B A R T

el i g i b l e. Fi n al l y , a s o u rce i s e l i g i b l e f o r BA RT i f p o t en t i al e mi s s i o n s o f v i s i b i l i t y

- i mp a i r i n g a i r

p o l l u t an t s are g reat er t h a n 2 5 0 t o n s p e r y ear. Q u al i f y i n g p o l l u t an t s i n c l u d e p ri mar y p art i c u l a t e

mat t er (PM 1 0 ) an d g as e o u s p recu rs o rs t o s eco n d a ry fi n e p ar t i cu l at e mat t er, s u ch as SO 2 an d N O

x . W h et h er ammo n i a o r v o l a t i l e o r g an i c c o mp o u n d s ( V O Cs ) s h o u l d b e i n c l u d e d a s v i s i b i l i t y

i mp a i r i n g p o l l u t an t s fo r BA RT el i g i b i l i t y i s l e ft fo r t h e St at e s t o d e t erm i n e o n a c as e

- b y

- cas e b a s i s

. T h e g u i d an ce s t at es t h at h i g h mo l ec u l a r w ei g h t V O Cs w i t h 2 5 o r m o re car b o n a t o m s a n d l o w v ap o r

p res s u re s h o u l d b e c o n s i d er ed a s p r i mary PM 2

. 5 em i s s i o n s an d n o t V O Cs fo r BA RT p u rp o s e s

.

(N o t e: I f t h e s o u rce i s s u b j ec t t o BA RT b ecau s e o n e v i s i b i l i t y i mp a i r i n g p o l l u t a n t h a s p o t e n t i a l

emi s s i o n s > 2 5 0 T PY

, t h e S t a t e may d et ermi n e t h a t o t h er v i s i b i l i t y i m p ai ri n g p o l l u t a

n t s are n o t

s u

b

j ec t t o BA RT i f t h e i r p o t e n t i a l em i s s i o n s are l e s s t h an t h e d e m i n i m i s l e v el s (4 0 T PY fo r SO 2

an d N O

x an d 1 5 T PY o f PM 1 0 o r PM 2

. 5

. T h i s as s u me s t h a t t

h e o t h er BA RT

- el i g i b i l i t y cri t er i a are

met

. )

2 ) D et erm i n e w h e t h er a BA RT

- el i g i b l e s o u rce ca n b e e x cl u d e d fr o m BA RT co n t ro l s b y
d emo n s t ra t i n g t h a t t h e s o u rce ca n n o t b e rea s o n ab l y e x p ec t ed t o cau s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y
i mp a i rmen t i n a Cl a s s I area. T h e p refer red ap p ro ach i s an as s e s s me n t w i t h an ai r q u a l i t y mo d e l

s u c h as CA L PU FF o r o t h er ap p ro p r i at e m o d e l fo l l o w ed b y co mp a ri s o n o f t h e es t i mat e d 2 4

- h r

v i s i b i l i t y i mp a ct s a g ai n s t a t h re s h o l d a b o v e es t i mat e d n at u ra l co n d i t i o n s t o b e d e t ermi n ed b y t h e
St at e s

. 5 T h e t h re s h o l d t o d e t erm i n e w h et h er a s i n g l e s o u rce “cau s e s ” v i s i b i l i t y i m p ai rmen t i s s e t a t

5 A r e c e n t d r a f t s e t t l e m e n t a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e E P A ( t o b e p u b l i s h e d i n t h e F e d e r a l R e g i

s t e r f o r p u b l i c c o m m e n t )

p r o v i d e s t h a t a S t a t e h a s t h e d i s c r e t i o n t o d e c i d e w h e t h e r a n n u a l a v e r a g e o r 2 0 % b e s t n a t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s a r e t o b e

u s e d a s t h e r e f e r e n c e

. T h i s r u l i n g r e s o l v e s a n a m b i g u i t y i n E P A ’ s B A R T g u i d a n c e , w h e r e t h e B A R T g u i d e l i n eR e v i e w o f E P

A ’s G u i d a n c e 6 1

. 0 d ec i v i ew ch an g e fro m n a t u ra l co n d i t i o n s o v e r a 2 4

- h o u r av era g i n g p eri o d i n t h e fi n a l BA R T

ru l e ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 1 8 ). T h e g u i d a n ce al s o s t a t es t h a t t

h e p ro p o s ed t h re s h o l d at w h i ch a s o u rce may
“co n t r i b u t e ” t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp a i rmen t s h o u l d n o t b e h i g h er t h a n 0

. 5 d ec i v i ew s al t h o u g h

, d e p en d i n g

o n fact o r s a f fect i n g a s p ec i f i c C l a s s I a rea, i t may b e s et l o w er t h an 0

. 5 d ec i v i ew s

. T h e t e s t ag ai n s t

t h e t h re s h o l d i s “d ri v en ” b y t h e co n t ri b u t i o n l ev el

, s i n ce i f a s o u r ce “ca u s e s ”, b y d ef i n i t i o n i t

“co n t r i b u t e s ”.

E PA reco mmen d s t h a t t

h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e v a l u e fro m t h e mo d e l i n g b e co m p are d t o t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n

t h re s h o l d o f 0

. 5 d ec i v i ew s ( o r a l o w er l e v el s e t b y a St at e ) t o d e t ermi n e i f a s o u r ce d o es n o t

co n t r i b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp a i rmen t an d t h ere fo re i s n o t s u b

j ec t t o BA RT

. W h et h er o r n o t t h e 9 8 t h

p ercen t i l e v a l u e ex ceed s t h e t h re s h o l d mu s t b e d e t erm i n e d a t eac h C l as s I a rea. O v er a n a n n u al

p eri o d

, t h i s i mp l i e s t h e 8 t h h i g h es t 2 4

- h r v a l u e at a p art i c u l a r Cl as s I area i s co m p are d t o t h e

co n t r i b u t i o n t h res h o l d

. O v er a 3

- y ear mo d e l i n g p er i o d

, t h e 9 8 t h p erce n t i l e v a l u e ma y b e i n t er p re t ed

as t h e h i g h es t o f t h e t h re e an n u a l 9 8 t h p erce n t i l e v a l u e s a t a p ar t i c u l ar Cl a s s I area o r t h e 2 2 n d h i g h e s t

v al u e i n t h e c o mb i n e d t h ree y ear rec o rd

, w h i ch ev er i s mo re co n s e rv a t i v e.

A l t ern at i v el y , St at es h av e t h e o p t i o n o f co n s i d eri n g t h at al l BA R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces w i t h i n t h e
St at e are s u b j ect t o B A R T an d s k i p p i n g t h e i n i t i al i mp act an al y s i s

. In rare c as es , a St at e mi g h t b e
ab l e t o d o ex act l y t h e o p p o s i t e, an d u s e reg i o n al mo d el i n g t o co n cl u d e t h at al l BA R T

- el i g i b l e

s o u rces i n t h e St at e d o n o t cu mu l at i v el y co n t ri b u t e t o “me as u rab l e” v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i n an y
Cl as s I are as

. A l s o , t h e St at es h av e an o p t i o n t o ex emp t i n d i v i d u al s o u rces b as ed o n mo d el p l an t

an al y s i s co n d u ct ed b y E PA i n fi n al i zi n g t h e BA R T ru l e. U n d er t h i s o p t i o n , s o u rc es w i t h

p o t en t i al emi s s i o n s o f S O 2 p l u s N O

x o f l es s t h an 5 0 0 t o n s an d a d i s t an ce fro m an y Cl as s I ar ea

g reat er t h an 5 0 k i l o met ers o r s o u rces w i t h SO 2 p l u s N O

x p o t en t i al emi s s i o n s o f l es s t h an 1 0 0 0

t o n s an d a d i s t an ce fro m an y Cl as s I ar ea g r eat er t h an 1 0 0 k i l o met ers c an b e ex e mp t ed

. P M

emi s s i o n s are n o t s p eci fi cal l y ad d r es s ed i n t h e mo d el p l an t an al y s i s , b u t s u b s eq u en t d i s cu s s i o n s

w i t h E P A s t aff i n d i cat e t h at PM may b e co n s i d ered al o n g w i t h SO 2 an d N O

x , s o t h at a p l an t co u l d

b e ex e mp t ed i f t h e co mb i n ed p o t en t i al emi s s i o n s o f S O 2 , N O

x , p l u s PM m eet t h e cri t eri a ab o v e

.

3 ) D et ermi n e BA RT co n t r o l s fo r t h e s o u rce b y c o n s i d eri n g v ar i o u s co n t r o l o p t i o n s an d s e l ec t i n g

t h e “ b es t ” a l t ern a t i v e, t a k i n g i n t o co n s i d e rat i o n :

a) A n y p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l eq u i p men t i n u s e at t h e s o u rc e (w h i ch affec t s t h e av ai l ab i l i t y o f

o p t i o n s a n d t h e i r i mp ac t s ),

b ) T h e co s t s o f co mp l i an c e w i t h co n t ro l o p t i o n s ,

c) T h e remai n i n g u s ef u l l i fe o f t h e fac i l i t y ,

d ) T h e en er g y a n d n o n a i r

- q u a l i t y en v i r o n me n t al i mp ac t s o f c o mp l i a n ce, a n d

t e x t s a y s “ n a t u

r a l c o n d i t i o n s ” a t 7 0 F R 3 9 1 6 2

, c o l

. 3

, w h i l e t h e p r e a m b l e t o t h e B A R T r u l e s a y s “ n a t u

r a l v i s i b i l i t y b a s e l i n e f o r t h e 2 0 % b e s t v i s i b i l i t y d a y s ” a t 7 0 F R 3 9 1 2 5

, c o l

. 1

.R e v i e w o f E P

A ’s G u i d a n c e 7 e) T h e d eg ree o f i m p ro v emen t i n v i s i b i l i t y t h at may reas o n ab l y b e an t i ci p a t ed t o res u l t

fro m t h e u s e o f s u ch t ech n o l o g y

.

N o t e t h a t i f a s o u rce a g ree s t o a p p l y t h e mo s t s t ri n g e n t co n t ro l s av a i l ab l e t o BA RT

- el i g i b l e u n i t s , t h e BA RT an al y s i s i s es s en t i al l y co mp l e t e a n d n o f u rt h er an al y s i s i s n e ces s ary (7 0 FR 3 9 1 6 5 ).

4 ) In c o rp o ra t e t h e BA RT d et ermi n at i o n i n t o t h e S t a t e Imp l eme n t a t i o n Pl a n fo r Re g i o n a l H aze,

w h i ch i s d u e b y D ecemb er 2 0 0 7

.

In s t ea d o f a p p l y i n g BA RT o n a s o u rce

- b y

- s o u rce b as i s , a St at e ( o r a g ro u p o f St a t es ) h a s t h e o p t i o n

o f i mp l emen t i n g an emi s s i o n s t rad i n g p ro g ram t h a t i s d e s i g n e d t o ach i e v e re g i o n a l h aze
i mp r o v eme n t s t h at are g reat er t h an t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp ro v emen t s t h at co u l d b e e x p ec t e d fro m BA RT

. If t h e g e o g rap h i c d i s t ri b u t i o n s o f emi s s i o n s u n d e r t h e t w o ap p r o ach e s are s i mi l ar, d e t erm i n i n g

w h et h er t ra d i n g i s “b e t t er t h an BA RT ” may b e p o s s i b l e b y s i mp l y co mp ari n g em i s s i o n s e x p ec t e d

u n d er t h e t ra d i n g p r o g ram ag a i n s t t h e emi s s i o n s t h a t c o u l d b e e x p ec t e d i f BA RT w as ap p l i e d t o
el i g i b l e s o u rce s

. If t h e g e o g r ap h i c d i s t ri b u t i o n s o f emi s s i o n s are l i k e l y t o b e d i ff eren t

, h o w ev er, ai r

q u a l i t y mo d e l i n g co m p ar i n g t h e ex p ec t ed i mp r o v emen t s i n v i s i b i l i t y fro m t h e t ra d i n g p ro g ram a n d

fro m BA RT w o u l d b e re q u i re d

. (See t h e p ro p o s e d BA RT A l t ern a t i v e ru l e, at 7 0 FR 4 4 1 6 0

. ) E PA

s u g g e s t s t h at reg i o n a l mo d e l i n g u s i n g a p h o t o ch em i ca l g r i d m o d e l ma y b e mo re ap p ro p r i at e t h a n
CA L P U FF fo r t h i s p u r p o s e.

N o t e t h at E PA h as i n d i ca t ed i n t h e BA RT ru l e (7 0 F R 3 9 1 3 8

- 3 9 1 3 9 ) t h a t emi s s i o n s re d u c t i o n s

u n d er t h e Cl ea n A i r In t ers t a t e Ru l e (CA IR) meet t h e B A RT req u i reme n t f o r SO 2 an d N O

x co n t r o l

fo r t h o s e E G U s s u b j ec t t o BA RT

. H o w ev er, PM emi s s i o n s fr o m E G U s are n o t a d d re s s ed b y CA IR

an d t h er efo re a BA RT an al y s i s may s t i l l b e req u i red f o r PM.



### 2. 2 M od e l R e c om m e n d at i o n s f or t h e B A R T A n al ys i s

T o ev al u at e t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp a ct s o f a BA RT

- el i g i b l e s o u rce at C l as s I area s b e y o n d 5 0 k m fr o m t h e

s o u rce, t h e E PA g u i d an ce re co mmen d s t h e u s e o f t h e CA L PU FF mo d el a s “t h e b e s t r eg u l a t o ry

mo d e l i n g a p p l i ca t i o n cu rr en t l y a v ai l a b l e fo r p re d i ct i n g a s i n g l e s o u rc e’s co n t r i b u t i o n t o v i s i b i l i t y
i mp a i rmen t ” ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 6 2 ). T h e u s e o f an o t h er “ap p ro p ri a t e m o d e l ” i s al l o w ed al t h o u g h t h e E PA

p refer s t h e u s e o f CA L PU FF. I f a s o u rce w an t s t o u s e an al t ern at i v e mo d el

, t h e s o u rce n eed s t o

s u b mi t a w ri t t en j u s t i fi cat i o n an d s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l t o i t s St at e fo r rev i e w an d

ap p ro v al

. A s p ar t o f t h e c o n s u l t at i o n p r o ces s , t h e S t at e w i l l p ro v i d e d o cu me n t a t i o n t o E PA an d

FL M.

Fo r mo d e l i n g t h e i mp ac t o f a s o u rce c l o s er t h an 5 0 k m t o a Cl as s I area, E PA ’s B A RT g u i d a n ce

reco mmen d s t h a t ex p er t mo d e l i n g j u d g men t b e u s e d

, “g i v i n g co n s i d e rat i o n t o b o t h CA L PU FF an d

o t

h er met h o d s

. ” T h e PL U V U E

- II p l u me v i s i b i l i t y m o d e l i s men t i o n ed a s a p o s s i b l e mo d e l t o

co n s i d er i n s t ead o f CA L PU F F fo r a s o u rce w i t h i n l e s s t h an 5 0 k m o f a C l a s s I ar ea

.

T h e E PA g u i d an ce n o t es t h a t “re g i o n al s ca l e p h o t o c h e mi cal g r i d mo d e l s may h av e mer i t

, b u t s u ch

mo d e l s h a v e b ee n d es i g n e d t o as s es s cu mu l a t i v e i mp act s , n o t i mp act s fro m i n d i v i d u a l s o u rc es ” an dR e v i e w o f E P

A ’s G u i d a n c e 8 t h e y are “ v ery res o u r ce i n t en s i v e a n d t i me co n s u mi n g rel at i v e t o CA L PU F F”, b u t S t a t es ma y

co n s i d er t h e i r u s e f o r SIP d ev e l o p men t i n t h e f u

t u re a s t h e y may b e ad a p t ed a n d “ d emo n s t ra t ed t o
b e ap p ro p r i at e f o r s i n g l e s o u r ce ap p l i ca t i o n s ” ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 3 ). Ph o t o c h emi ca l g r i d mo d e l s may b e

mo re ap p r o p ri a t e fo r cu mu l a t i v e mo d e l i n g o p t i o n s s u c h as i n t h e d e t ermi n a t i o n o f t h e ag g reg a t e

co n t r i b u t i o n o f al l

- BA RT

- el i g i b l e s o u rce s t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rme n t

, b u t s u c h u s e s h o u l d i n v o l v e

co n s u l t at i o n w i t h t h e a p p ro p ri at e E PA Reg i o n a l O ffi ce ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 6 3 ).

A cco rd i n g t o t h e BA RT g u i d an ce, a mo d e l i n g p r o t o co l s h o u l d b e s u b mi t t ed f o r a l l mo d e l i n g
d emo n s t ra t i o n s reg ar d l es s o f t h e d i s t an ce fro m t h e BA R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t o t h e Cl as s I area. E P A ’s

ro l e i n t h e d ev e l o p men t o f t h e p r o t o co l i s o n l y a d v i s o ry as t h e “St a t e s b e t t e r u n d er s t an d t h e BA RT

el i g i b l e s o u rce co n f i g u ra t i o n s ” an d fac t o rs aff ect i n g t h e i r p ar t i c u l ar Cl a s s I area s (7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 6 ).

In t h e BA RT mo d el i n g an a l y s e s t h e E PA reco mmen d s t h a t t h e St a t e u s e t h e h i g h es t 2 4

- h o u r

av erag e ac t u al emi s s i o n ra t e fo r t h e mo s t rec e n t t h ree t o fi v e

- y ea r p er i o d o f reco r d

. E mi s s i o n s o n
d ay s i n f l u e n ce d b y p eri o d s o f s t a rt

- u p , s h u t d o w n a n d mal fu n c t i o n are n o t t o b e c o n s i d ere d i n
d et erm i n i n g t h e a p p ro p ri at e em i s s i o n ra t es

. ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 9 ).

If a s o u rce i s f o u n d t o b e s u b j ec t t o BA RT

, CA L P U FF o r an o t h er ap p ro p r i at e mo d el s h o u l d b e u s ed

t o ev a l u at e t h e i mp r o v eme n t i n v i s i b i l i t y res u l t i n g fro m t h e a p p l i cat i o n o f BA RT co n t ro l s

. V i s i b i l i t y i mp r o v eme n t s may b e e v a l u a t ed o n a p o l l u t a n t

- s p ec i f i c b a s i s i n t h e BA RT d et ermi n a t i o n (7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 9 ).

Fo r e v al u a t i n g t h e i mp r o v eme n t i n v i s i b i l i t y re s u l t i n g fro m t h e ap p l i ca t i o n o f BA RT

, t h e E PA

g u i d e l i n e s s t a t e t h at St a t e s are “en c o u rag e d t o acco u n t fo r t h e mag n i t u d e, f req u en c y , a n d d u rat i o n

o f t h e co n t r i b u t i o n s t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rme n t ca u s e d b y t h e s o u rce b as e d o n t h e n at u ra l v ar i a b i l i t y o f

met eo r o l o g y ” ( 7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 9 ).



### 2. 3 P e r f or m an c e of a C ap an d T r ad e P r ogr am

If a St a t e o r S t a t es e l ec t t o p u r s u e a n o p t i o n a l cap an d t rad e p r o g ram, t h e y are re q u i re d t o
d emo n s t ra t e g r eat er “rea s o n ab l e p ro g re s s ” i n red u c i n g h aze t h an w o u l d re s u l t i f BA RT w ere

ap p l i ed t o t h e s ame s o u rces

. In s o me ca s e s , a St a t e may s i m p l y b e a b l e t o d em o n s t r at e t h a t a t rad i n g

p ro g ram t h a t ach i ev e s g reat e r p r o g re s s at re d u ci n g em i s s i o n s w i l l al s o a ch i ev e g rea t er p ro g res s a t

red u c i n g h a ze. Su ch w o u l d b e t h e cas e i f t h e l i k e l y g eo g rap h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n o f emi s s i o n s u n d er t h e

t rad i n g p ro g ram w o u l d n o t b e g rea t l y d i ff eren t fr o m t h e d i s t ri b u t i o n i f BA RT w as i n p l ace.

If t h e ex p ec t ed d i s t r i b u t i o n o f em i s s i o n s i s d i ffere n t u n d er t h e t w o a p p ro ac h es , t h en “ d i s p er s i o n

mo d e l i n g ” o f al l s o u rces mu s t b e u s ed t o d et ermi n e t h e d i ffe ren ce i n v i s i b i l i t y a t each i mp ac t e d

Cl as s I area, i n o r d er t o es t a b l i s h t h at t h e o p t i o n al t ra d i n g p r o g ram w i l l r es u l t i n v i s i b i l i t y
i mp r o v eme n t s a g g reg a t ed o v er al l Cl a s s I areas t h a t a re “b et t er t h an BA RT ” (7 0 FR 3 9 1 3 7

- 3 9 1 3 8 ).

T h e BA RT g u i d a n ce d o e s n o t s p ec i f y t h e me t h o d t o b e u s e d f o r t h i s mo d e l i n g

. F ro m a t ec h n i ca l

p ers p ec t i v e, ei t h e r ap p l y i n g CA L P U FF t o ev ery s o u rce o r u s i n g a reg i o n a l p h o t o c h emi ca l mo d e l

w o u l d s a t i s f y t h e n eed

.R e v i e w o f E P

A ’s G u i d a n c e 9 A ru l e mak i n g p ro ced u re i s cu rren t l y u n d er w ay t o es t ab l i s h fi n al g u i d an ce fo r s u ch al t ern at i v es t o B A R T (7 0 FR 4 4 1 5 4

- 4 4 1 7 5 ). T h e ru l e i s ex p ect ed t o b e fi n al i zed i n 2 0 0 6

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 0 

## 3. O V E R V I E W O F T H E C A L P U F F M O D E L I N G S Y S T E M

T h i s ch ap t er co n t a i n s a g en e ral d es c ri p t i o n o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em an d i t s cap ab i l i t i es

an d l i mi t at i o n s

. It d o es n o t i n cl u d e s p eci fi c reco m men d at i o n s reg ard i n g t h e u s e o f t h e mo d el fo r

B A R T an al y s i s i n t h e V IS T A S r eg i o n

. T h es e s p eci fi c reco m men d at i o n s can b e fo u n d i n Ch ap t er

4

.



### 3. 1 C ap ab i l i t i e s an d f e at u r e s of C A L P U F F

T h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em (S ci re et al

. , 2 0 0 0 a, b ) i s r eco mm en d ed as t h e p refe rred

mo d el i n g ap p ro ach fo r u s e i n t h e B A R T an al y s es

. C A L P U FF an d i t s met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el

, C A L M E T

, a re d es i g n ed t o h a n d l e t h e co mp l ex i t i es p o s ed b y t h e co mp l ex t er rai n , t h e l arg e

s o u rce

- re cep t o r d i s t an ces , ch e mi cal t r an s fo rm at i o n an d d ep o s i t i o n , an d o t h er i s s u es rel at ed t o
Cl as s I v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s

. T h e C A L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em h as b een ad o p t ed b y t h e E P A as a
G u i d el i n e M o d el fo r s o u rce

- rec ep t o r d i s t an ces g reat er t h an 5 0 k m, an d fo r u s e o n a cas e

- b y

- c as e
b as i s i n co mp l ex fl o w s i t u at i o n s fo r s h o rt er d i s t an c es (6 8 FR 1 8 4 4 0

- 1 8 4 8 2 ). C A L P U FF i s

reco m men d ed fo r Cl as s I i mp a ct as s es s men t s b y t h e F ed eral L an d M an ag e rs W o rk g ro u p ( F L A G

2 0 0 0 ) an d t h e In t erag en cy W o rk g ro u p o n A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el i n g (I W A Q M) ( E P A 1 9 9 8 ). T h e
fi n al B A R T g u i d an c e re co m men d s C A L P U F F as “t h e b es t mo d el i n g ap p l i cat i o n av ai l ab l e fo r

p red i ct i n g a s i n g e s o u rce’s co n t ri b u t i o n t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai r men t ” (7 0 FR 3 9 1 2 2 ). A s a res u l t o f

t h es e reco m men d at i o n s , t h e V IS T A S mo d el i n g p ro t o co l i s b as ed o n t h e u s e o f CA L P U F F fo r i t s

B A R T d et er mi n at i o n s

.

T h e mai n co mp o n en t s o f t h e C A L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em a re s h o w n i n Fi g u re 3

- 1

. C A L M E T i s

a d i ag n o s t i c met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el t h at i s u s ed t o d ri v e t h e C A L P U F F d i s p ers i o n mo d el

. It

p ro d u ces t h ree

- d i men s i o n al w i n d an d t emp e rat u re fi e l d s an d t w o

- d i men s i o n al fi el d s o f mi x i n g
h ei g h t s an d o t h er met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s

. It co n t ai n s s l o p e fl o w eff ect s , t er rai n ch an n el i n g , an d

k i n emat i c ef fect s o f t er rai n

. C A L M E T i n cl u d es s p ec i al al g o ri t h ms fo r t reat i n g t h e o v er w at er
b o u n d ary l ay er an d co as t al i n t eract i o n ef fect s

. C A L M E T c an u s e m et eo ro l o g i cal o b s erv at i o n al

d at a an d / o r t h re e

- d i m en s i o n al o u t p u t fro m p ro g n o s t i c n u meri cal m et eo ro l o g i cal mo d el s s u ch as

MM5 ( G r el l et al

. , 1 9 9 5 ) o r R U C ( Ben j a mi n et al

. , 2 0 0 4 ) i n t h e d ev el o p men t s o f i t s fi n e

- s cal e

met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s

.

C A L P U FF i s a n o n

- s t ead y

- s t at e L ag r an g i an p u ff t ra n s p o rt an d d i s p ers i o n mo d el t h at ad v ect s
G au s s i an p u f fs o f mu l t i p l e p o l l u t an t s fro m mo d el ed s o u rces

. C A L P U FF ’s al g o ri t h ms h av e b een
d es i g n ed t o b e ap p l i cab l e o n s p at i al s c al es f ro m a fe w t en s o f met e rs t o h u n d red s o f k i l o met e rs
fro m a s o u rce

. It i n cl u d es al g o ri t h ms fo r n ear

- fi el d eff ect s s u ch as b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h

, s t ack t i p
d o w n w as h an d t ran s i t i o n al p l u me ri s e as w el l as p ro ces s es i mp o rt an t i n t h e far

- fi el d s u ch as
ch emi c al t ran s fo rm at i o n , w et d ep o s i t i o n , an d d ry d ep o s i t i o n

. CA L P U FF co n t ai n s an o p t i o n t o
al l o w p u ff s p l i t t i n g i n t h e h o ri zo n t al an d v ert i cal d i rec t i o n s , w h i ch ex t en d s t h e d i s t an ce r an g e o f

t h e mo d el

. T h e p ri ma ry o u t p u t s fro m C A L P U F F a re h o u rl y co n cen t rat i o n s an d h o u rl y d ep o s i t i o n
fl u x es ev al u at ed at u s er

- s p eci fi ed rec ep t o r l o cat i o n s

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 1 F i g ur e 3

- 1

. C A L P U F F m o del i ng s y s te m co m po n ent s

.

A s et o f p o s t p ro ces s i n g p ro g ra ms as s o ci at ed w i t h C A L P U F F co mp u t es v i s i b i l i t y effect s an d

al l o w s cu mu l at i v e s o u rce i mp act s t o b e as s es s ed

, i n cl u d i n g p o t en t i al n o n

- l i n ear effe ct s o f

am mo n i a l i mi t at i o n o n n i t rat e fo rmat i o n

. T h e C A L P O ST p o s t p ro ces s o r co n t ai n s s ev er al o p t i o n s
fo r co mp u t i n g ch an g e i n ex t i n ct i o n an d d eci v i ew s fo r v i s i b i l i t y as s es s men t s

. T h e P O S T U T I L

p o s t p ro ces s o r i n cl u d es o p t i o n s fo r s u mmi n g co n t ri b u t i o n s o f i n d i v i d u al s o u rces o r g ro u p s o f

s o u rces t o as s es s cu mu l at i v e i mp act s

. P O S T U T I L al s o co n t ai n s CA L P U F F’s n i t ri c aci d

- n i t rat e
ch emi c al eq u i l i b ri u m mo d u l e, w h i ch al l o w s t h e cu mu l at i v e effe ct s o f a m mo n i a co n s u mp t i o n b y
b ack g ro u n d s o u rces t o b e as s es s ed i n t h e p o s t p ro c es s o r. In ad d i t i o n , t h e co mb i n at i o n o f

C A L P U FF an d P O S T U T I L al l o w s t h e effect s o f s o u rce emi s s i o n s o f ammo n i a t o b e
i n cr em en t al l y ad d ed t o b ack g ro u n d a m mo n i a l ev el s w h en d et er mi n i n g n i t rat e fo rm at i o n

.

T h e r es t o f t h i s ch ap t er s u m mari z es t h e cap ab i l i t i es an d feat u res o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g

co mp o n en t s i n mo re d et ai l

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 2 3

. 1

. 1 Ma j o r F ea t ur es o f C A L ME T

T h e C A L M E T m et eo ro l o g i cal m o d el co n s i s t s o f a d i ag n o s t i c w i n d fi el d mo d u l e an d

mi cro met eo ro l o g i cal mo d u l es fo r o v e r w at er an d o v e r l an d b o u n d ary l ay ers

. W h en mo d el i n g a
l arg e g eo g rap h i cal ar ea, as w o u l d b e n eces s a ry fo r t h e reg i o n al V I S T A S d o mai n , t h e u s er h as t h e

o p t i o n t o u s e a L a mb e rt Co n fo rm al Pro j e ct i o n co o rd i n a t e s y s t em t o acco u n t fo r E art h ’s cu rv at u re

.

T h e maj o r feat u r es an d o p t i o n s o f t h e met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el are s u m mari z ed i n T ab l e 3

- 1

. T h e

t ech n i q u es u s ed i n t h e C A L M E T mo d el are b ri efl y d es cri b ed b el o w

.

Ta bl e 3

- 1

. M a jo r F ea tur es o f th e C A L M ET M e teo r o l o g i ca l M o d el

• B o u n d a r y L a y e r M o d u l e s o f C A L M E T

- O v e r l a n d B o u n d a r y L a y e r

- E n e r g y B a l a n c e M e t h o d

- O v e r w a t e r B o u n d a r y L a y e r

- P r o f i l e M e t h o d

- - C O A R E a l g o r i t h m

- - O C D

- b a s e d m e t h o d

- P r o d u c e s G r i d d e d F i e l d s o f :

- - S u r f a c e F r i c t i o n V e l o c i t y

- - C o n v e c t i v e V e l o c i t y S c a l e

- - M o n i n

- O b u k h o v L e n g t h

- - M i x i n g H e i g h t

- - P G T S t a b i l i t y C l a s s

- - A i r T e m p e r a t u r e ( 3

- D )

- - P r e c i p i t a t i o n R a t e

• D i a g n o s t i c Wi n d F i e l d M o d u l e o f C A L M E T

- S l o p e F l o w s

- K i n e m a t i c T e r r a i n E f f e c t s

- T e r r a i n B l o c k i n g E f f e c t s

- D i v e r g e n c e M i n i m i z a t i o n

- P r o d u c e s G r i d d e d F i e l d s o f U

, V

, W W i n d C o m p o n e n t s

- I n p u t s I n c l u d e D o m a i n

- S c a l e W i n d s , O b s e r v a t i o n s , a n d ( o p t i o n a l l y ) C o a r s e

- G r i d P r o g n o s t i c M o d e l W i n d s

- L a m b e r t C o n f o r m a l P r o j e c t i o n C a p a

b i l i t y

CA L ME T Bo und a r

y L a yer Mo d el s

T h e C A L M E T mo d el co n t ai n s t w o b o u n d ary l ay er mo d el s fo r ap p l i cat i o n t o o v erl an d an d

o v er w at er g ri d c el l s

.

O v er l a n d B o u n d a r

y La yer M o d el : O v er l an d s u rfa ces , t h e en erg y b al an ce m et h o d o f H o l t s l ag an d

v an U l d en (1 9 8 3 ) i s u s ed t o co mp u t e h o u rl y g ri d d e d fi el d s o f t h e s en s i b l e h eat fl u x , s u rfaceO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 3 fri ct i o n v el o ci t y , Mo n i n

- O b u k h o v l en g t h

, an d co n v e ct i v e v el o ci t y s cal e. Mi x i n g h ei g h t s ar e
d et ermi n ed fro m t h e co mp u t ed h o u rl y s u r fac e h e at fl u x es an d o b s erv ed t emp erat u r e s o u n d i n g s

u s i n g a mo d i fi ed Cars o n (1 9 7 3 ) met h o d b as ed o n Mau l (1 9 8 0 ). T h e mo d el al s o d et ermi n es

g ri d d ed fi el d s o f Pas q u i l l

- G i f fo rd

- T u rn e r ( P G T ) s t ab i l i t y cl as s an d h o u rl y p reci p i t at i o n rat es

.

O v er wa t er B o u n d a r

y La yer M o d el : T h e a ero d y n a mi c an d t h erm al p ro p ert i es o f w at e r s u rfa ces

s u g g es t t h at a d i fferen t m et h o d i s b es t s u i t ed fo r cal cu l at i n g t h e b o u n d ary l ay er p ara met ers i n t h e
mari n e en v i ro n m e n t

. A p ro fi l e t ech n i q u e , u s i n g ai r

- s ea t e mp er at u re d i f feren ces , i s u s ed i n
C A L M E T t o co mp u t e t h e mi c ro

- met eo ro l o g i cal p a ra met ers i n t h e mari n e b o u n d ary l ay er. T h e

v ers i o n o f C A L M E T b ei n g u s ed b y V I S T A S co n t ai n s i mp ro v e men t s i n t h e o v er w at er b o u n d a ry
l ay er p a ra met eri z at i o n s (Fai r al l et al

. , 2 0 0 3 ) b as ed o n t h e Co u p l ed O cean A t mo s p h er e Res p o n s e

E x p eri men t ( C O A R E ) an d en h an ce men t s i n t h e c al c u l at i o n o f o v erw at er mi x ed l ay er h ei g h t s (Bat ch v a ro v a an d G ry n i n g , 1 9 9 1

, 1 9 9 4 ). Fu rt h er d et a i l s an d t h e res u l t s o f an e v al u at i o n o f t h e

mo d el co n t ai n i n g t h es e en h an ce men t s a re d es c ri b ed i n Sci re et al

. (2 0 0 5 )

. A n u p w i n d

- l o o k i n g

s p at i al av erag i n g s ch eme i s o p t i o n al l y ap p l i ed t o t h e mi x i n g h ei g h t s an d t h ree

- d i men s i o n al

t emp er at u re fi el d s i n o rd er t o a cco u n t fo r i mp o rt an t ad v ect i v e ef fect s

.

D i a g no s t i c Wi nd Fi el d Mo d ul e

T h e d i ag n o s t i c w i n d fi el d mo d u l e u s es a t w o

- s t ep ap p r o ach t o t h e co mp u t at i o n o f t h e w i n d fi el d s (D o u g l as an d K es s l er , 1 9 8 8 ). In t h e fi rs t s t ep , an i n i t i al

- g u es s w i n d fi el d i s ad j u s t ed fo r k i n e mat i c
effe ct s o f t e rrai n , s l o p e fl o w s , an d t errai n b l o ck i n g effect s t o p ro d u ce a St ep 1 w i n d fi el d

. G ri d d ed

MM5 c an b e u s ed t o d e fi n e t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d

. T h e s eco n d s t ep co n s i s t s o f an o b j ect i v e

an al y s i s p ro ced u re t o i n t ro d u ce o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t o t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi e l d t o p ro d u ce a fi n al

w i n d fi el d

.

St

ep 1 Wi nd Fi el d

. D ev el o p men t o f t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi el d b eg i n s w i t h t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d

d efi n ed b y t h e MM5 p ro g n o s t i c met eo ro l o g i cal mo d e l

. N o r mal l y , t h e C A L M E T co mp u t at i o n al

d o mai n i s s p eci fi ed t o b e at fi n er g ri d res o l u t i o n t h an t h e M M5 d at as et u s ed t o i n i t i al i ze t h e i n i t i al

g u es s fi el d

. Fo r ex amp l e, 3 6

- k m M M5 d at a av ai l ab l e fo r V I S T A S mo d el i n g may b e u s ed t o
d ev el o p t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d o n a 1 2

- k m o r ev en a 1

- k m C A L M E T g ri d

. T h e St ep 1 al g o ri t h ms
i n CA L M E T d es cr i b ed b el o w ap p l y t er rai n ad j u s t men t s t o t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d o n t h e fi n e

- s cal e
C A L M E T g ri d

. T h u s , t h e C A L M E T w i n d s are ad j u s t ed t o res p o n d t o fi n e

- s cal e t err ai n fe at u res

n o t n eces s ari l y s e en b y t h e co a rs er s cal e M M5 mo d el

.

Ki n e m a t i c E f f

ect s o f T er r a i n : T h e ap p ro a ch o f L i u a n d Y o ck e (1 9 8 0 ) i s u s ed t o ev al u at e t h e
effe ct s o f t h e t errai n o n t h e w i n d fi el d

. T h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d w i n d s are u s ed t o co mp u t e a t err ai n

fo rced v ert i cal v el o ci t y , s u b j ect t o an ex p o n en t i al

, s t ab i l i t y

- d ep en d en t d ecay fu n ct i o n

. T h e ef fect s

o f t errai n o n t h e h o ri zo n t al w i n d co mp o n en t s are ev al u at ed b y ap p l y i n g a d i v erg en ce

mi n i mi zat i o n s ch e me t o t h e i n i t i al g u es s w i n d fi el d

. T h e d i v erg en ce mi n i mi z at i o n s ch e me i s

ap p l i ed i t erat i v el y u n t i l t h e t h ree

- d i men s i o n al d i v erg en ce i s l es s t h an a t h res h o l d v al u e.

S l o p e F l o ws : T h e o ri g i n al s l o p e fl o w al g o ri t h m i n C A L M E T h as b een u p g rad ed (S ci re an d Ro b e,

1 9 9 7 ) b as ed o n t h e s h o o t i n g fl o w al g o ri t h m o f M ah rt (1 9 8 2 ). T h i s s ch e me i n cl u d es b o t hO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 4 ad v ect i v e

- g rav i t y an d eq u i l i b ri u m fl o w r eg i mes

. A t n i g h t

, t h e s l o p e fl o w mo d el p ar am et eri z es t h e
fl o w d o w n t h e s i d es o f t h e v al l ey w al l s i n t o t h e fl o o r o f t h e v al l ey , an d d u ri n g t h e d ay , u p s l o p e
fl o w s ar e p ar am et eri zed

. T h e mag n i t u d e o f t h e s l o p e f l o w d ep en d s o n t h e l o cal s u rf ace s en s i b l e
h eat fl u x an d l o c al t err ai n g rad i en t s

. T h e s l o p e fl o w w i n d co mp o n en t s a re ad d ed t o t h e w i n d fi el d

ad

j u s t ed fo r k i n e mat i c effe ct s

.

B l o cki n g E f f

e ct s : T h e t h ermo d y n a mi c b l o ck i n g effect s o f t errai n o n t h e w i n d fl o w are

p aram et eri z ed i n t erms o f t h e l o cal F ro u d e n u mb er ( A l l w i n e an d W h i t e man , 1 9 8 5 ). I f t h e F ro u d e

n u mb er at a p a rt i cu l ar g ri d p o i n t i s l es s t h an a cr i t i cal v al u e an d t h e w i n d h as an u p h i l l

co mp o n en t

, t h e w i n d d i re ct i o n i s ad j u s t ed t o b e t an g en t t o t h e t er rai n

.

St

ep 2 Wi nd Fi el d

. T h e w i n d fi el d res u l t i n g fro m t h e a b o v e ad j u s t men t s o f t h e i n i t i al

- g u es s w i n d

i s t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi el d

. T h e s eco n d s t ep o f t h e p ro ced u re m ay i n v o l v e i n t ro d u ct i o n o f

o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t o t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi el d t h ro u g h an o b j ect i v e an al y s i s p ro ced u re

. A n i n v ers e

d i s t an ce s q u ared i n t erp o l at i o n s ch eme i s u s ed w h i ch w ei g h t s o b s erv at i o n al d at a h e av i l y i n t h e

v i ci n i t y o f t h e o b s erv at i o n al s t at i o n , w h i l e t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi el d d o mi n at es t h e i n t erp o l at ed w i n d

fi el d i n reg i o n s w i t h n o o b s erv at i o n al d at a. T h e res u l t i n g w i n d fi el d i s s u b j ect t o s mo o t h i n g , an

o p t i o n al ad j u s t men t o f v ert i cal v el o ci t i es b as ed o n t h e O ’Bri en (1 9 7 0 ) met h o d

, an d d i v erg en ce
mi n i mi zat i o n t o p ro d u c e a fi n al St ep 2 w i n d fi el d

.

T h e i n t ro d u ct i o n o f o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t h e St ep 2 cal cu l at i o n i s an o p t i o n

. It i s al s o p o s s i b l e t o

ru n t h e mo d el i n “n o o b s erv at i o n s ” (N o

- O b s ) mo d e , w h i ch i n v o l v es t h e u s e o n l y o f MM5 g ri d d ed

d at a fo r t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d fo l l o w ed b y fi n e

- s c al e t errai n ad j u s t men t s b y C A L M E T

. In N o

O b s mo d e, o b s erv at i o n al d at a are n o t u s ed i n t h e St ep 2 cal cu l at i o n s

. T h e N o

- O b s mo d e i s

ap p ro p ri at e w h en t h e M M5 s i mu l at i o n s ad eq u at el y c h aract e ri ze t h e reg i o n al w i n d p at t ern s an d

w h en l o c al o b s erv at i o n s , es p e ci al l y s u rfac e o b s erv at i o n s , refl ect l o c al co n d i t i o n s o n a s cal e

s mal l er t h an t h at o f t h e C A L M E T d o mai n an d h en c e t h ei r s p a t i al rep r es en t at i v en es s m ay b e
l i mi t ed

. Su ch s i t u at i o n s are mo s t l i k el y t o o ccu r w h en t h e C A L M E T g ri d s c al e i s r el at i v el y l arg e
i

. e. , co ars er t h an t h e s cal e o f v ari at i o n o f t h e t ru e w i n d fi el d

, w h i ch i s p art i cu l arl y l i k el y t o o ccu r
i n co mp l ex t e rrai n o r al o n g t h e s eas h o r e,

3

. 1

. 2 Ma j o r F ea t ur es o f C A L P U FF

By i t s p u ff

- b as ed fo r mu l at i o n an d t h ro u g h t h e u s e o f t h ree

- d i men s i o n al met eo ro l o g i cal d at a
d ev el o p ed b y t h e CA L M E T met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el

, C A L P U F F can s i mu l at e t h e effect s o f t i me

an d s p ace

- v a ry i n g met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s o n p o l l u t an t t ran s p o rt fro m s o u rces i n co mp l ex

t errai n

. T h e m aj o r feat u r es an d o p t i o n s o f t h e CA L P U FF mo d el are s u m ma ri zed i n T ab l e 3

- 2 at

t h e en d o f t h i s s u b s ect i o n

. So me o f t h e t ech n i cal al g o ri t h ms ar e b ri e fl y d es c ri b ed b el o w

.

Co m p l ex T er r a i n : T h e effe ct s o f co mp l ex t er rai n o n p u ff t ran s p o rt are d eri v ed f ro m t h e
C A L M E T w i n d s

. In ad d i t i o n , p u ff

- t er rai n i n t era ct i o n s at g ri d d ed an d d i s c ret e r ecep t o r l o cat i o n s

are s i mu l at ed u s i n g o n e o f t w o al g o ri t h ms t h at mo d i fy t h e p u ff

- h ei g h t (ei t h er t h at o f ISCST 3 o r a

g en eral “p l u me p at h co e ffi ci en t ” ad j u s t men t )

, o r an a l g o ri t h m t h at s i mu l at es en h an ced v ert i cal

d i s p ers i o n d eri v ed fro m t h e w eak l y

- s t rat i fi ed fl o w an d d i s p ers i o n mo d u l e o f t h e Co mp l ex T err ai nO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 5 D i s p ers i o n Mo d el (C T D MP L U S) ( Perry et al

. , 1 9 8 9 ). T h e p u ff

- h ei g h t ad j u s t men t al g o ri t h ms rel y

o n t h e rec ep t o r el ev at i o n (rel at i v e t o t h e el ev at i o n at t h e s o u rce ) an d t h e h ei g h t o f t h e p u ff ab o v e

t h e s u rface

. T h e en h an ced d i s p ers i o n ad j u s t men t rel i e s o n t h e s l o p e o f t h e g ri d d ed t errai n i n t h e
d i rect i o n o f t ran s p o rt d u ri n g t h e t i me s t ep

.

S

u b g r i d S ca l e Co m p l ex T er r a i n (CTS G ): A n o p t i o n al mo d u l e i n CA L P U F F, C T S G t r eat s t errai n
feat u res t h at are n o t res o l v ed b y t h e g ri d d ed t er rai n fi el d

, an d i s b as ed o n t h e C T D MP L U S ( Per ry

et al

. , 1 9 8 9 )

. Pl u me i mp i n g em en t o n s u b g ri d

- s cal e h i l l s i s ev al u at ed at t h e C T S G s u b g ro u p o f

recep t o rs u s i n g a d i v i d i n g s t reaml i n e h ei g h t ( H d ) t o d et ermi n e w h i ch p o l l u t an t mat eri al i s
d efl ect ed aro u n d t h e s i d es o f a h i l l (b el o w H d ) an d w h i ch mat eri al i s ad v ect ed o v er t h e h i l l (ab o v e

H d ). T h e l o cal fl o w (n ea r t h e fe at u re) u s ed t o d efi n e H d i s t ak en fro m t h e g ri d d ed C A L M E T

fi el d s

. A s i n C T D M P L U S

, e ach feat u r e i s mo d el ed i n i s o l at i o n w i t h i t s o w n s et o f re cep t o rs

.

P u f f S a m p l i n g F u n ct i o n s : A s et o f ac cu rat e an d co mp u t at i o n al l y effi ci en t p u f f s amp l i n g ro u t i n es
i s i n cl u d ed i n CA L P U F F, w h i ch s o l v e man y o f t h e co mp u t at i o n al d i ffi cu l t i es en co u n t ered w h en

ap p l y i n g a p u ff mo d el t o n ear

- fi el d rel eas es

. Fo r n e a r

- fi el d ap p l i cat i o n s d u ri n g rap i d l y

- v ary i n g

met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s , an el o n g at ed p u ff ( s l u g ) s amp l i n g fu n ct i o n may b e u s ed

. A n
i n t eg rat ed p u ff ap p ro ach may b e u s ed d u ri n g l es s d eman d i n g co n d i t i o n s

. Bo t h t ech n i q u es

rep ro d u ce co n t i n u o u s p l u me r es u l t s u n d er t h e ap p ro p ri a t e s t ead y s t at e co n d i t i o n s

.

B u i l d i n g D o wn wa s h : T h e H u b e r

- Sn y d e r an d Sch u l man

- S ci re d o w n w as h mo d el s ar e b o t h

i n co rp o rat ed i n t o CA L P U FF

. A n o p t i o n i s p ro v i d ed t o u s e ei t h er mo d el fo r al l s t ack s , o r mak e t h e
ch o i ce o n a s t ack

- b y

- s t ack an d w i n d s ect o r

- b y

- w i n d s ect o r b as i s

. Bo t h al g o ri t h ms h av e b een
i mp l emen t ed i n s u ch a w ay as t o al l o w t h e u s e o f w i n d d i rect i o n s p eci fi c b u i l d i n g d i men s i o n s

. T h e PRI M E b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h mo d el (S ch u l man et a l

. , 2 0 0 0 ) i s al s o i n cl u d ed i n CA L P U FF as

an o p t i o n

.

D i s p er s i o n Co ef f

i ci en t s : Sev eral o p t i o n s are p ro v i d ed i n CA L P U FF fo r t h e co mp u t at i o n o f

d i s p ers i o n co effi ci en t s , i n cl u d i n g t h e u s e o f t u rb u l en ce m eas u re men t s ( σ v an d σ w ), t h e u s e o f

s i mi l ari t y t h eo ry t o es t i mat e σ v an d σ w fro m mo d el ed s u rface h eat an d mo men t u m fl u x es , o r t h e

u s e o f Pas q u i l l

- G i ffo rd ( P G ) o r Mc E l ro y

- Po o l er ( MP) d i s p ers i o n co ef fi ci e n t s , o r d i s p ers i o n

eq u at i o n s b as ed o n t h e C T D M. O p t i o n s are p ro v i d ed t o ap p l y an av erag i n g t i m e co rre ct i o n o r

s u rface ro u g h n es s l en g t h ad j u s t men t s t o t h e PG co ef fi ci en t s

. In v ers i o n 5

. 7 5 4 o f CA L P U F F

b ei n g u s ed b y V IS T A S

, an o p t i o n i s p ro v i d ed t o u s e t h e A E R M O D t u rb u l en ce p ro fi l es fo r
d et ermi n i n g d i s p ers i o n rat es , w h i ch i s t h e mo s t re cen t ap p ro ach t o d i s p ers i o n i n E P A

- ap p ro v ed

reg u l at o ry mo d el i n g

. In ad d i t i o n , t u rb u l en ce ad v ect i o n i s i n cl u d ed

. Fo r ad d i t i o n al d et ai l s o n

t h es e fe at u res , s ee Sci r e et al

. (2 0 0 5 ).

O v er wa t er a n d Co a s t a l In t er a ct i o n E f f

ect s : B ecau s e t h e C A L M E T met eo ro l o g i cal mo d el

co n t ai n s b o t h o v er w at er an d o v e rl an d b o u n d ary l ay er al g o ri t h ms , t h e effe ct s o f w at er b o d i es o n

p l u me t ran s p o rt

, d i s p ers i o n , an d d ep o s i t i o n can b e s i mu l at ed w i t h C A L P U FF

. T h e p u ff

fo rmu l at i o n o f C A L P U F F i s d es i g n ed t o h an d l e s p at i al ch an g es i n met eo ro l o g i cal an d d i s p ers i o n

co n d i t i o n s , i n cl u d i n g t h e ab ru p t ch an g es t h at o ccu r at t h e co as t l i n e o f a maj o r b o d y o f w at er

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 6 D r y D ep o s i t i o n : A res i s t an ce mo d el i s p ro v i d ed i n CA L P U F F fo r t h e co mp u t at i o n o f d ry
d ep o s i t i o n rat es o f g as es an d p art i cu l at e mat t er as a fu n ct i o n o f g eo p h y s i cal p ara met ers , met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s , an d p o l l u t an t s p eci es

. Fo r p art i cl es , s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mas s d i s t ri b u t i o n s

may b e p ro v i d ed fo r u s e i n t h e res i s t an c e mo d el

. O f p art i cu l ar i n t eres t fo r B A RT an al y s es i s t h e
ab i l i t y t o s ep arat el y mo d el t h e d ep o s i t i o n o f fi n e p a r t i cu l at e mat t er (< 2

. 5 μ m d i a met e r) f ro m

co ars e p art i cu l at e mat t er (2

. 5

- 1 0 μ m d i a met e r).

W

i n d S h ea r E f f

ect s : C A L P U F F co n t ai n s an o p t i o n al p u ff s p l i t t i n g al g o ri t h m t h at al l o w s v ert i cal

w i n d s h ear ef fect s acro s s i n d i v i d u al p u ffs t o b e s i mu l at ed

. D i ff eren t i al rat es o f d i s p ers i o n an d

t ran s p o rt amo n g t h e “n ew ” p u ffs g en e rat ed fro m t h e o ri g i n al

, w el l

- mi x ed p u ff c an s u b s t an t i al l y
i n creas e t h e ef fec t i v e rat e o f h o ri zo n t al s p read o f t h e mat eri al

. Pu ffs may al s o b e s p l i t i n t h e
h o ri zo n t al w h en t h e p u ff s i ze b e co mes l arg e rel at i v e t o t h e g ri d s i ze, t o acco u n t fo r w i n d s h ear

acro s s t h e p u ffs

.

W

et D ep o s i t i o n : A n e mp i ri cal s cav en g i n g co e ffi ci en t a p p ro ac h i s u s ed i n C A L P U FF t o co mp u t e

t h e d ep l et i o n an d w et d ep o s i t i o n fl u x es d u e t o p r eci p i t at i o n s cav en g i n g

. T h e s cav en g i n g

co effi ci en t s ar e s p eci fi ed as a fu n ct i o n o f t h e p o l l u t an t an d p reci p i t at i o n t y p e (i

. e. , fro z en v s

. l i q u i d p reci p i t at i o n ).

Ch e m i ca l Tr a n s f

o r m a t i o n : C A L P U F F i n cl u d es o p t i o n s fo r p ara met e ri zi n g ch e mi cal

t ran s fo rm at i o n effect s u s i n g t h e fi v e s p eci es s ch eme (S O 2 , S O 4 =

, N O

x , H N O 3 , an d N O 3 - )

emp l o y ed i n t h e ME S O P U F F II mo d el o r a s et o f u s er

- s p eci fi ed

, d i u rn al l y

- v ary i n g t ran s fo rmat i o n

rat es

. T h e ME S O P U F F II s ch e me i s re co m men d ed b y I W A Q M. It p ro d u ces s e co n d ary fi n e

p art i cu l at e mat t er (s u l fat e an d n i t rat e) fro m emi s s i o n s o f S O 2 an d N O

x an d t h u s al l o w s an al y s es

o f v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s

. A mb i en t o zo n e co n cen t r at i o n s are u s ed i n t h e p ara met eri z ed ch e mi cal

t ran s fo rm at i o n mo d u l e as a s u r ro g at e fo r O H rad i c al s d u ri n g d ay l i g h t h o u rs

. A mb i en t a mmo n i a

co n cen t rat i o n s are u s ed t o g et h er w i t h a t emp erat u re an d rel at i v e h u mi d i t y

- d ep en d en t eq u i l i b ri u m
rel at i o n s h i p t o p art i t i o n n i t ri c aci d an d n i t rat e o n an h o u r

- b y

- h o u r an d re cep t o r

- b y

- r ecep t o r b as i s

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 7 Ta bl e 3

- 2

. M a jo r F ea tur es o f th e C A L P U F F D i s per s i o n M o del

• S o u r c e t y p e s

- P o i n t s o u r c e s ( c o n s t a n t o r v a r i a b l e e m i s s i o n s )

- L i n e s o u r c e s ( c o n s t a n t o r v a r i a b l e e m i s s i o n s )

- V o l u m e s o u r c e s ( c o n s t a n t o r v a r i a b l e e m i s s i o n s )

- A r e a s o u r c e s ( c o n s t a n t o r v a r i a b l e e m i s s i o n s )

• N o n

- s t e a d y

- s t a t e e m i s s i o n s a n d m e t e o r o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s

- G r i d d e d 3

- D f i e l d s o f m e t e o r o l o g i c a l v a r i a b l e s ( w i n d s , t e m p e r a t u r e )

- S p a t i a l l y

- v a r i a b l e f i e l d s o f m i x i n g h e i g h t

, f r i c t i o n v e l o c i t y , c o n v e c t i v e v e l o c i t y s c a l e , M o n i n

- O b u k h o v l e n g t h

, p r e c i p i t a t i o n r a t e

- V e r t i c a l l y a n d h o r i z o n t a l l y

- v a r y i n g t u r b u l e n c e a n d d i s p e r s i o n r a t e s

- T i m e

- d e p e n d e n t s o u r c e a n d e m i s s i o n s d a t a f o r p o i n t

, a r e a , a n d v o l u m e s o u r c e s

- T e m p o r a l o r w i n d

- d e p e n d e n t s c a l i n g f a c t o r s f o r e m i s s i o n r a t e s , f o r a l l s o u r c e t y p e s

• I n t e r f a c e t o t h e E m i s s i o n s P r o d u c t i o n M o d e l ( E P M )

- T i m e

- v a r y i n g h e a t f l u x a n d e m i s s i o n s f r o m c o n t r o l l e d b u r n s a n d w i l d f i r e s

• E f f i c i e n t s a m p l i n g f u n c t i o n s

- I n t e g r a t e d p u f f f

o r m u l a t i o n

- E l o n g a t e d p u f f ( s l u g ) f o r m u l a t i o n

• D i s p e r s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t ( σ y , σ z ) o p t i o n s

- D i r e c t m e a s u r e m e n t s o f σ v a n d σ w

- E s t i m a t e d v a l u e s o f σ v a n d σ w b a s e d o n s i m i l a r i t y t h e o r y

- - A E R M O D t u r b u l e n c e p r o f i l e s

- - O r i g i n a l t u r b u l e n c e p r o f i l e s

- P a s q u i l l

- G i f f o r d ( P G ) d i s p e r s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s ( r u r a l a r e a s )

- M c E l r o y

- P o o l e r ( M P ) d i s p e r s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s ( u r b a n a r e a s )

- C T D M d i s p e r s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s ( n e u t r a l / s t a b l e )

• V e r t i c a l w i n d s h e a r

- P u f f s p l i t t i n g

- D i f f e r e n t i a l a d v e c t i o n a n d d i s p e r s i o n

• P l u m e r i s e

- B u o y a n t a n d m o m e n t u m r i s e

- S t a c k t i p e f f e c t s

- B u i l d i n g d o w n w a s h e f f e c t s

- P a r t i a l p e n e t r a t i o n

- V e r t i c a l w i n d s h e a r

• B u i l d i n g d o w n w a s h

- H u b e r

- S n y d e r m e t h o d

- S c h u l m a n

- S c i r e m e t h o d

- P R I M E m e t h o d

• C o m p l e x t e r r a i n

- S t e e r i n g e f f e c t s i n C A L M E T w i n d f i e l d

- O p t i o n a l p u f f h e i g h t a d j u s t m e n t : I S C 3 o r " p l u m e p a t h c o e f f i c i e n t "

- O p t i o n a l e n h a n c e d v e r t i c a l d i s p e r s i o n ( n e u t r a l / w e a k l y s t a b l e f l o w i n C T D M P L U S )O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 8 Ta bl e 3

- 2

. M a jo r F ea tur es o f th e C A L P U F F D i s per s i o n M o del ( C o n t’d )

• S u b g r i d s c a l e c o m p l e x t e r r a i n ( C T S G o p t i o n )

- D i v i d i n g s t r e a m l i n e , H d , a s i n C T D M P L U S :

- A b o v e H d , m a t e r i a l f l o w s o v e r t h e h i l l a n d e x p e r i e n c e s a l t e r e d d i f f u s i o n r a t e s

- B e l o w H d , m a t e r i a l d e f l e c t s a r o u n d t h e h i l l

, s p l i t s , a n d w r a p s a r o u n d t h e h i l l

• D r y D e p o s i t i o n

- G a s e s a n d p a r t i c u l a t e m a t t e r

- T h r e e o p t i o n s :

- F u l l t r e a t m e n t o f s p a c e a n d t i m e v a r i a t i o n s o f d e p o s i t i o n w i t h a r e s i s t a n c e m o d e l

- U s e r

- s p e c i f i e d d i u r n a l c y c l e s f o r e a c h p o l l u t a n t

- N o d r y d e p o s i t i o n

• O v e r w a t e r a n d c o a s t a l i n t e r a c t i o n e f f e c t s

- O v e r w a t e r b o u n d a r y l a y e r p a r a m e t e r s ( C O A R E a l g o r i t h m o r O C D

- b a s e d m e t h o d )

- A b r u p t c h a n g e i n m e t e o r o l o g i c a l c o n d i t i o n s , p l u m e d i s p e r s i o n a t c o a s t a l b o u n d a r y

- P l u m e f u m i g a t i o n

• C h e m i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o p t i o n s

- P s e u d o

- f i r s t

- o r d e r c h e m i c a l m e c h a n i s m f o r S O 2 , S O = 4 , N O

x , H N O 3 , a n d N O 3 ( M E S O P U F F I I m e t h o d )

- P s e u d o

- f i r s t

- o r d e r c h e m i c a l m e c h a n i s m f o r S O 2 , S O = 4 , N O

, N O 2 , H N O 3 , a n d N O 3 ( R I V A D / A R M 3 m e t h o d )

- U s e r

- s p e c i f i e d d i u r n a l c y c l e s o f t r a n s f o r m a t i o n r a t e s

- N o c h e m i c a l c o n v e r s i o n

• We t R e m o v a l

- S c a v e n g i n g c o e f f i c i e n t a p p r o a c h

- R e m o v a l r a t e a f u n c t i o n o f p r e c i p i t a t i o n i n t e n s i t y a n d p r e c i p i t a t i o n t y p e

3

. 1

. 3 Ma j o r F ea t ur es o f P o s t p r o ces s o r s (C A L P O S T a nd P O S T U T I

L

)

T h e t w o m ai n p o s t p ro ces s o rs o f i n t eres t fo r B A R T ap p l i cat i o n s are t h e C A L P O S T an d

P O S T U T I L p ro g ra ms

. C A L P O S T i s u s ed t o p ro ces s t h e C A L P U FF o u t p u t s , p ro d u ci n g

t ab u l at i o n s t h at s u mmari z e t h e res u l t s o f t h e s i mu l at i o n s , i d en t i fy i n g , fo r ex a mp l e, t h e h i g h es t an d

s eco n d

- h i g h es t h o u rl y

- av erag e co n cen t rat i o n s at eac h recep t o r. W h en p er fo rmi n g v i s i b i l i t y

rel at ed mo d el i n g , C A L P O S T u s es co n c en t rat i o n s fro m C A L P U F F t o co mp u t e l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n

an d rel at ed me as u res o f v i s i b i l i t y (h aze i n d ex i n d eci v i ew s ), rep o rt i n g t h es e fo r a 2 4

- h o u r

av erag i n g t i m e.

T h e CA L PO S T p ro ces s o r c o n t a i n s s e v era l o p t i o n s f o r ev al u a t i n g v i s i b i l i t y i mp a ct s , i n c l u d i n g t h e

met h o d d e s cr i b e d i n t h e BA RT g u i d a n ce, w h i ch u s e s mo n t h l y av era g e rel a t i v e h u mi d i t y v al u es

. CA L P O S T co n t a i n s i mp l emen t at i o n s o f t h e I W A Q M

- reco mm en d ed an d F L A G

- re co m men d ed

v i s i b i l i t y t ech n i q u es an d ad d i t i o n a l o p t i o n s t o ev al u at e t h e i m p act o f n a t u ra l w eat h er ev e n t s (fo g , rai n a n d s n o w ) o n b ac k g r o u n d v i s i b i l i t y a n d v i s i b i l i t y i m p act s fr o m mo d e l e d s o u rce s

.

T h e P O S T U T I L p ro ces s o r i s a p ro g ra m t h at al l o w s t h e cu mu l at i v e i mp act s o f mu l t i p l e s o u rces
fro m d i ffer en t s i mu l at i o n s t o b e s u mm ed

, can co m p u t e t h e d i ffe ren ce b et w e en t w o s et s o fO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 1 9 p red i ct ed i mp a ct s (u s efu l fo r ev al u a t i n g t h e b en efi t s o f B A R T co n t ro l s ), an d co n t ai n s a ch emi s t ry

mo d u l e t o ev al u at e t h e eq u i l i b ri u m rel at i o n s h i p b et w een n i t ri c aci d an d n i t rat e aero s o l s

. T h i s

cap ab i l i t y al l o w s t h e p o t en t i al n o n

- l i n ear e ffe ct s o f a mmo n i a s cav en g i n g b y s u l fat e an d n i t rat e

s o u rces t o b e ev al u at ed i n t h e fo r mat i o n o f n i t rat e fro m an i n d i v i d u al s o u rce. C A L P U F F mak es

t h e fu l l amb i en t am mo n i a co n cen t r at i o n av ai l ab l e t o ea ch p u ff w i t h o u t reg ard fo r an y s c av en g i n g
b y o t h er p u ffs

. PO ST U T I L co rr ect s fo r s u ch s cav en g i n g w h en t h e p u ffs g en erat ed b y t h e
C A L P U FF mo d el o v erl ap , as co u l d b e t h e cas e fo r a s i n g l e s o u rce w h en t h e w i n d s p eed i s l o w , o r

w h en n i t rat e fo rm at i o n i s t o b e at t ri b u t ed t o ea ch o f s ev eral s o u rc es t h at are i n a cl u s t er an d w h o s e

p l u mes o v erl ap ,

P O S T U T I L w i l l al s o co mp u t e t h e i mp act s o f i n d i v i d u al s o u rces o r g ro u p s o f s o u r ces o n s u l fu r

an d n i t ro g en d ep o s i t i o n i n t o aq u at i c, fo res t an d co as t al eco s y s t ems

. T h e p o s t p ro ces s o r al l o w s t h e
ch an g es i n d ep o s i t i o n fl u x es res u l t i n g fro m ch an g es i n emi s s i o n s t o b e q u an t i fi ed

. Fo r ex amp l e

t h e o u t p u t o f P O S T U T I L an d C A L P O S T c an b e u s ed a s i n p u t i n t o an A ci d N eu t ral i zi n g Cap a ci t y (A N C) an al y s i s , o r fo r co mp ari s o n t o D ep o s i t i o n A n al y s i s T h res h o l d s ( D A T s )

.



### 3. 2 D i s c u s s i on of C A L P U F F A p p l i c ab i l i t y an d L i m i t at i on s

3

. 2

. 1 T r a ns p o r t a nd D i ff

u s i o n

A c co rd i n g t o t h e IW A Q M Ph as e 2 r ep o rt (p ag e 1 8 )

, “C A L P U F F i s reco mm en d ed fo r t ran s p o rt

d i s t an ces o f 2 0 0 k m o r l es s

. U s e o f C A L P U F F fo r ch a r act eri zi n g t ran s p o rt b ey o n d 2 0 0 t o 3 0 0 k m

s h o u l d b e d o n e c au t i o u s l y w i t h an a w ar en es s o f t h e l i k e l y p ro b l ems i n v o l v ed

. ” 6

I W A Q M ’s 2 0 0

- k m l i mi t at i o n d eri v es fro m t h e o b s e rv a t i o n t h at

, w h en co mp ared t o t h e d at a o f t h e
Cro s s A p p al ach i an T ra cer E x p eri men t ( C A P T E X ), t h e b as i c co n fi g u rat i o n o f C A L P U F F

o v eres t i mat ed i n ert t r ace r co n c en t rat i o n s b y fact o rs o f 3 t o 4 at rec ep t o rs t h at w ere 3 0 0 t o 1 0 0 0

k m fro m t h e s o u rce

. T h e ap p a ren t reas o n w as i n s u ffi ci en t h o ri zo n t al d i s p ers i o n o f t h e s i mu l at ed

p l u me, p r es u mab l y b ec au s e an act u al l arg e p l u m e d o es n o t remai n co h eren t i n t h e p res en c e o f

v ert i cal w i n d s h ears t h at t y p i cal l y o ccu r , es p eci al l y d u ri n g t h e n i g h t

, an d o f h o ri zo n t al w i n d

s h ears o v er t h e l a rg e p u f fs t h at ari s e o v e r l o n g t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces

.

T o b et t er rep r es en t s u ch s i t u at i o n s , an o p t i o n al p u ff s p l i t t i n g al g o ri t h m h as s i n ce b een ad d ed t o
C A L P U FF t o s i mu l at e w i n d s h ear ef f ect s a cro s s a w el l

- mi x ed i n d i v i d u al p u ff b y d i v i d i n g t h e

p u ff h o ri zo n t al l y an d v ert i cal l y i n t o t w o o r mo r e p i ece s

. D i f fer en t i al rat es o f t ran s p o rt a mo n g t h e

n ew p u ffs t h u s g en erat ed c an i n cr eas e t h e h o ri zo n t al s p read o f t h e mat e ri al i n t h e p l u me d u e t o

v e rt i cal w i n d s p eed s h ear an d w i n d d i rect i o n s h ear. T h e h o ri zo n t al p u ff s p l i t t i n g al g o ri t h m i s

6 T h e I W A Q M p r e s e n t a t i o n a t E P A ’ s 6 t h M o d e l i n g C o n f e r e n c e p r o v i d e s t h e b a c k g r o u n d f o r t h i s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n :

“ T h e I W A Q M c o n c l u d e s t h a t C A L P U F F b e r e c o m m e n d e d a s p r o v i d i n g u n b i a s e d e s t i m a t e s o f c o n c e n t r a t i o n i m p a c t s f o r t r a n s p o r t d i s t a n c e s o f o r d e r 2 0 0 k m a n d l e s s , a n d f o r t r a n s p o r t t i m e s o f o r d e r 1 2 h o u r s o r l e s s

. F o r l a r g e r t r a n s p o r t t i m e s a n d d i s t a n c e s , o u r e x p e r i e n c e t h u s f a r i s t h a t C A L P U F F t e n d s t o u n d e r e s t i m a t e t h e h o r i z o n t a l e x t e n t o f t h e d i s p e r s i o n a n d h e n c e t e n d s t o o v e r e s t i m a t e t h e s u r f a c e

- l e v e l c o n c e n t r a t i o n m a x i m a

. T h i s d o e s n o t p r e c l u d e t h e u s e o f C A L P U F F f o r t r a n s p o r t b e y o n d 3 0 0 k m , b u t i t d o e s s u g g e s t t h a t r e s u l t s i n s u c h
i n s t a n c e s b e u s e d c a u t i o u s l y a n d w i t h s o m e u n d e r s t a n d i n g

. ” ( F r o m p a g e D

- 1 2 o f t h e I W A Q M P h a s e 2 r e p o r t

. )O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 0 d es i g n ed t o al l o w l arg e p u ffs t h at may g ro w t o b e s ev eral g ri d cel l s o r mo re i n s i ze t o s p l i t i n t o

s mal l er p u ffs t h at can t h en mo re accu r at el y res p o n d t o v ari at i o n s i n t h e l o cal w i n d fi el d acro s s t h e

o ri g i n al l arg e p u ff. T h i s w i l l al s o t en d t o i n creas e h o ri zo n t al d i s p ers i o n o f t h e p l u me. Si n ce t h e

creat i o n o f ad d i t i o n al p u ffs v i a p u ff s p l i t t i n g w i l l i n creas e t h e co mp u t at i o n al req u i re men t s o f t h e

mo d el

, p o s s i b l y s u b s t an t i al l y , p u ff s p l i t t i n g i s n o t en ab l ed b y d efau l t

, b u t can b e t u rn ed o n at t h e

o p t i o n o f t h e u s er

. Pu ff s p l i t t i n g may b e ap p ro p ri at e f o r t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces o v er 2 0 0 t o 3 0 0 k m,

o r p o s s i b l y o v er s h o rt er d i s t an c es i n co mp l ex t e rrai n

.

T u rn i n g t o t h e s h o r t er d i s t an ce en d o f t h e t ran s p o rt ran g e, t h e C A L P U F F s ect i o n o f A p p en d i x A

o f t h e G u i d el i n e o n A i r Q u a l i t y M o d el s (4 0 CF R 5 1

, A p p en d i x W ) s t at es , “C A L P U FF i s i n t en d ed

fo r u s e o n s cal es fro m t en s o f m et ers fro m a s o u rce t o h u n d red s o f k i l o met ers

. ” T h i s i s s u p p o rt ed

b y t h e IW A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt

, w h i ch i n d i cat es t h at t h e d i ffu s i o n al g o ri t h ms i n CA L P U FF w ere
d es i g n ed t o b e s u i t ab l e fo r b o t h s h o rt an d l o n g d i s t an ces

. In t h i s reg ard

, C A L P U FF d o es co n t ai n
al g o ri t h ms fo r s u ch n ear

- fi el d ef fect s as p l u me ri s e, b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h

, an d t err ai n i mp i n g e men t

an d i n cl u d es ro u t i n es t h at d eal w i t h t h e co mp u t at i o n al d i ffi cu l t i es en co u n t ered w h en ap p l y i n g a

p u ff mo d el i n t h e fi el d n ea r t o a s o u rc e.

T h e reco m men d at i o n s fo r r eg u l at o ry u s e i n A p p en d i x A o f t h e G u i d el i n e o n A i r Q u a l i t y M o d el s

s t at e, “C A L P U F F i s ap p ro p ri at e fo r l o n g ran g e t ra n s p o rt (s o u rce

- rec ep t o r d i s t an ce o f 5 0 t o

s ev eral h u n d red k i l o met e rs )”, b u t p ro v i s i o n s fo r u s i n g C A L P U FF i n t h e n e ar

- fi el d i n “co mp l ex
fl o w ” s i t u at i o n s are al s o i n cl u d ed i n t h e reg u l at o ry g u i d an ce

. Co mp l ex fl o w s i t u at i o n s may
i n cl u d e co mp l ex t errai n , co as t al ar eas , s i t u at i o n s w h ere p l u me fu mi g at i o n i s l i k el y , an d ar eas

w h e re s t ag n at i o n , fl o w rev e rs al s , reci r cu l at i o n o r s p at i al v ari ab i l i t y i n w i n d fi el d s (e. g

. , as d u e t o
ch an g es i n v al l ey o ri en t at i o n ) ar e i mp o rt an t

.

T h e t rac er s t u d i es w i t h w h i ch C A L P U FF t ran s p o rt an d d i ffu s i o n cap ab i l i t i es w ere ev al u at ed i n

t h e IW A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt w e re g en e ral l y o v er d i s t an ces g reat er t h an 5 0 k m. Mo re r ecen t l y , ad d i t i o n al s t u d i es o f mo d el p e rfo r man c e h av e b e en p er fo rmed at s h o rt e r d i s t an ces , i n cl u d i n g at a

p o w e r p l an t i n N ew Y o rk s t at e i n co mp l ex t errai n (at s o u rce

- rec ep t o r d i s t an ces o f 2 t o 8

. 5 k m)

an d a s eco n d p o w e r p l an t i n Il l i n o i s i n s i mp l e t er rai n ( a t s o u rce

- r ecep t o r d i s t an ces i n a rcs r an g i n g
fro m 0

. 5 k m t o 5 0 k m f ro m t h e s t ack ) ( St ri m ai t i s et al

. , 1 9 9 8 ). O t h er C A L P U FF ev al u at i o n

s t u d i es o v er s h o rt

- d i s t an ces i n cl u d e o n es b y Ch an g et al

. (2 0 0 1 ) an d Mo rri s o n et al

. (2 0 0 3 )

. T h es e s t u d i es d emo n s t rat e g o o d mo d el p erfo rm an ce o v er s o u rce

- rec ep t o r d i s t an ces fro m a f e w
h u n d red m et ers t o 5 0 k m

.

A n i mp o rt an t f act o r i n t h e p erfo r man ce o f C A L P U FF i s t h e ch o i ce o f d i s p ers i o n co effi ci en t s

. T h e

E P A h as d efi n ed t h e " reg u l at o ry d efau l t " o p t i o n i n C A L P U F F t o al l o w ei t h er Pas q u i l l

- G i f fo rd (P G ) o r t u rb u l en ce

- b as ed d i s p ers i o n co ef fi ci en t s

. C A L P U F F h as b e en ev al u at ed an d s h o w n t o

p erfo r m b et t er u s i n g t u rb u l en ce

- b as ed d i s p ers i o n f o r t al l s t ack s (St ri mai t i s et al

, 1 9 9 8 ).

C A L P U FF w i t h t u rb u l en ce

- b as ed d i s p ers i o n h as al s o b een ev al u at ed fo r o v e r w at er t r an s p o rt an d

co as t al s i t u at i o n s (Sc i re et al

. , 2 0 0 5 )

. In m an y o t h er s t u d i es , i n cl u d i n g A E RM O D ev al u at i o n

s t u d i es co n d u ct ed b y E P A

, t h e u s e o f P G

- d i s p ers i o n , o r mo re s p eci fi c al l y t h e l ack o f a co n v ect i v e

p ro b ab i l i t y d en s i t y fu n ct i o n (p d f) mo d u l e, h as b een d e mo n s t rat ed t o res u l t i n u n d erp red i ct i o n o f

p eak co n c en t rat i o n s

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 1 In N o v emb er 2 0 0 5

, E P A ap p ro v ed t h e A E R M O D mo d el

, w h i ch rel i es o n t u rb u l en ce

- b as ed

d i s p ers i o n , as a reg u l at o ry G u i d el i n e Mo d el 7

. T h e ISC S T 3 mo d el an d i t s PG d i s p ers i o n

co effi ci en t s are b ei n g p h as ed o u t as an ac cep t ab l e reg u l at o ry ap p ro ach

. H o w ev e r, E P A Reg i o n

IV h as i n d i cat ed t h at t h e ap p l i cat i o n o f t u rb u l en ce

- b as ed d i s p ers i o n co effi ci en t s i n CA L P U F F

n eed s t o b e fu rt h er d e mo n s t rat ed b efo re t h ey a re ap p ro v ed fo r B A R T ap p l i cat i o n

. T h ey w i l l

co n s i d er accep t i n g t h e u s e o f t u rb u l en ce d i s p ers i o n co effi ci en t s o n a cas e

- b y

- c as e b as i s fo r

s o u rces t h at a re cl o s e t o Cl as s I ar eas

.

Fo r reg i o n al h a ze l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n cal cu l at i o n s , u s e o f a p l u me

- s i mu l at i n g mo d el s u ch as
C A L P U FF i s ap p ro p ri at e o n l y w h en t h e p l u m e i s s u ffi ci en t l y d i ffu s e t h at i t i s n o t v i s u al l y
d i s cern i b l e as a p l u me p er s e , b u t n ev ert h el es s i t s p re s en ce co u l d al t er t h e v i s i b i l i t y t h ro u g h t h e
b ack g ro u n d h az e. T h e I W A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt s t at es t h at s u ch co n d i t i o n s o ccu r s t art i n g 3 0 t o 5 0

k m fro m a s o u rc e. In t h i s l i g h t

, t h e B A R T g u i d an ce s t ro n g l y reco mmen d s u s i n g CA L P U F F fo r

s o u rce

- re cep t o r d i s t an ces g re at er t h an 5 0 k m b u t al s o p res en t s C A L P U FF as an o p t i o n t h at can b e

co n s i d ered fo r s h o rt er t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces

.

A s d i s cu s s ed ab o v e, t h er e d o n o t ap p ear t o b e an y s ci en t i fi c reas o n s w h y C A L P U FF c an n o t b e

u s ed fo r ev en s h o rt er t r an s p o rt d i s t an ces t h an 3 0 k m, t h o u g h

, as l o n g as t h e s cal e o f t h e p l u m e i s
l arg er t h an t h e s cal e o f t h e o u t p u t g ri d s o t h at t h e m ax i mu m co n cen t rat i o n s an d t h e w i d t h o f t h e

p l u me ar e ad eq u at el y rep res en t ed a n d s o t h at t h e s u b

- g ri d d et ai l s o f p l u me s t ru ct u re can b e
i g n o red w h en es t i mat i n g eff ect s o n l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n

. T h e s t an d ard 1

- k m o u t p u t g ri d t h at h as b een

es t ab l i s h ed fo r Cl as s I area an al y s es s h o u l d s erv e d o w n t o s o u rce

- r ecep t o r d i s t an ces s o me w h at

u n d er 3 0 k m; h o w mu ch cl o s er t h an 3 0 k m w i l l d ep en d o n t h e t o p o g rap h y an d met eo ro l o g y o f t h e

area an d s h o u l d b e ev al u at ed o n a cas e

- b y

- cas e b as i s

. Fo r ex t re mel y s h o rt t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces , d ep i ct i o n o f t h e co n cen t rat i o n d i s t ri b u t i o n w i l l req u i re a g ri d t h at i s fi n er t h an 1 k m. (Fo r
refer en ce , t h e w i d t h o f a G au s s i an p l u me, 2 σ y , i s ro u g h l y 1 k m aft er 1 0 k m o f t rav el d i s t an ce,

as s u mi n g Pas q u i l l

- G i ffo rd d i s p ers i o n rat es u n d e r n eu t r al co n d i t i o n s

. )

A s an ad d i t i o n al co n s i d erat i o n , i f t h e p l u me w i d t h i s s mal l co mp ared t o t h e v i s u al ran g e, t h e

at mo s p h eri c ex t i n ct i o n al o n g a t y p i cal s i g h t p at h o f t e n s o f k i l o met ers t h ro u g h t h e p l u me w i l l b e
i n h o mo g en eo u s an d t h e s i mp l e C A L P O S T p o i n t es t i mat e o f reg i o n al l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n at a recep t o r

p o i n t w i l l n o t b e co rr ect

. H o w ev e r, t h e eff ect o f av e rag i n g l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n es t i mat es fo r 2 4 h o u rs , d u ri n g w h i ch t h e p l u me l o cat i o n s h i ft s o v er v ari o u s recep t o r p o i n t s , i s l i k el y t o mi t i g at e t h i s

p ro b l em t o s o me d eg re e an d s u g g es t s t h at u s i n g C A L P U FF at d i s t an ces u n d er 3 0 k m w i l l o ft en b e

ap p ro p ri at e. Fo r t h e n ar ro w p l u mes t h at res u l t fro m s h o rt t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces , t h o u g h

, t h e mo d el ed

p eak 2 4

- h r av erag e ex t i n ct i o n at a recep t o r w i l l t en d t o o v ers t at e t h e effect o f t h e s o u rce o n

reg i o n al h az e.

7 R e v i s i o n t o t h e G u i d e l i n e o n A i r Q u a l i t y M o d e l s : A d o p t i o n o f a P r e f

e r r e d G e n e r a l P u r p o s e ( F l

a t a n d C o m p l e x T

e r r a i n ) D i s p e r s i o n M o d e l a n d O t h e r R e v i s i o n s ; F i n a l R u l e

. 7 0 F R 6 8 2 1 8

- 6 8 2 6 1

. 9 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 5

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 2 T h e U

. S. E P A h as s u g g es t ed t h at t h e p l u me v i s i b i l i t y mo d el

, P L U V U E

- II

, co u l d b e u s ed i n l i eu

o f C A L P U FF fo r s i mu l at i n g v i s i b i l i t y effect s at s u ch s h o rt d i s t an ces

. 8 PL U V U E

- II i s a G au s s i an

mo d el t h at s i mu l at es t h e d i s p ers i o n , ch emi c al co n v er s i o n , an d o p t i cal effect s o f e mi s s i o n s o f

p art i cl es , S O 2 , an d N O

x f ro m a s i n g l e s o u rce. It s o u t p u t s i n cl u d e t h e d i s co l o rat i o n o f t h e s k y b y

t h e p l u me (s o cal l ed “p l u m e b l i g h t ”) an d t h e e ffe ct o f t h e p l u me o n v i s i b i l i t y al o n g u s er

- s el ect ed

s i g h t p at h s t h at p as s t h ro u g h t h e p l u me. T h e i mp act s o f t h e p l u me o n v i s i b i l i t y d ep e n d n o t o n l y

o n t h e p l u me co mp o s i t i o n , b u t al s o o n t h e s i g h t p at h ch o s en an d i t s d i rect i o n rel at i v e t o t h e ax i s

o f t h e p l u me an d t h e l o cat i o n o f t h e s u n

. It i s n ’t cl ear h o w s u ch s i g h t

- p at h d ep en d en t res u l t s co u l d

b e co mp a red t o t h e 0

. 5 an d 1

. 0 d eci v i e w t h re s h o l d s i n t h e B A R T g u i d an c e. Si n ce C A L P U FF i s
d es i g n ed t o b e u s efu l fo r s h o rt t ran s p o rt d i s t an ces (w i t h feat u res s u ch as t h e s i mu l at i o n o f p l u me
d o w n w as h cau s ed b y s t ru ct u res at t h e s o u rce), CA L P U F F s eems mo r e ap p ro p ri at e t h an

PL U V U E

- I I fo r ev al u at i n g s o u r c e i mp act at s h o rt d i s t a n ces fo r B A R T as s es s men t p u rp o s es

.

3

. 2

. 2 Aer o s o l Co ns t i t uent s

P

r i ma r y P M

2

. 5

A

p p en d i x A o f t h e G u i d el i n e o n A i r Q u a l i t y M o d el s (4 0 C FR 5 1

, A p p en d i x W ) s t at es t h at

C A L P U FF can t re at p ri mary p o l l u t an t s s u ch as PM 1 0

. In act u al i t y , CA L P U F F can s i mu l at e PM 1 0

o r P M 2

. 5 o r s o me o t h er s i ze ran g e , b e cau s e t h e as s u m e d s i ze d i s t ri b u t i o n o f t h e p art i cl es i s a u s er
i n p u t

. T h e s mal l e r t h e p art i cl es , t h e mo re t h ey d i s p ers e l i k e an i n ert g as

. In mo s t c as es , t h e
d i s p ers i o n o f i n ert PM 2

. 5 p art i cl es w i l l b e o n l y mi n u t el y d i fferen t fro m t h at o f an i n ert g as , b u t t h e
b eh av i o r o f l arg er p art i cl es w i l l d i ff er.

A p art i cu l arl y i mp o rt an t co n t ri b u t o r t o P M co n cen t rat i o n s i s t h e rat e o f d ep o s i t i o n t o t h e s u rfac e.

PM 2

. 5 p art i cl es , w h i ch h av e a mas s med i an d i a met er aro u n d 0

. 5 μ m, h av e an av er ag e n et

d ep o s i t i o n v el o ci t y o f ab o u t 1 cm/ mi n (o r ab o u t 1 4 m/ d ay ) an d t h u s t h e d ep o s i t i o n o f fi n e

p art i cl es i s u s u al l y n o t s i g n i fi can t ex cep t fo r g ro u n d

- l ev el emi s s i o n s

. O n t h e o t h er h an d

, co ars e

p art i cl es (t h o s e P M 1 0 p art i cl es l arg er t h an PM 2

. 5 ) h av e an av e rag e d ep o s i t i o n v el o ci t y o f mo re

t h an 1 m/ mi n (o r 1 4 4 0 m/ d ay ), w h i ch i s s i g n i fi can t

, ev e n fo r emi s s i o n s fro m el ev at ed s t ack s

.

C A L P U FF i n cl u d es p ara met ri c rep r es en t at i o n s o f p art i cl e an d g as d ep o s i t i o n i n t erms o f

at mo s p h eri c, d ep o s i t i o n l ay er, an d v eg et at i o n l ay er “res i s t an c es ” an d

, fo r p art i cl es , t h e

g rav i t at i o n al s et t l i n g s p eed

. G rav i t at i o n al s et t l i n g , w h i ch i s o f p art i cu l ar i mp o rt an ce fo r t h e co ars e
fract i o n o f P M 1 0 , i s acco u n t ed fo r i n t h e cal cu l at i o n o f t h e d ep o s i t i o n v el o ci t y

. E ffe ct s o f i n ert i al

i mp act i o n (i mp o rt an t fo r t h e u p p er p art o f t h e PM 1 0 d i s t ri b u t i o n ) an d Bro w n i an mo t i o n (i mp o rt an t

fo r s m al l

, s u b

- mi c ro n p art i cl es ) an d w et s c av en g i n g are al s o ad d res s ed

. T h e B A R T g u i d an ce

reco m men d s t h at fi n e p art i cu l at e mat t er (l es s t h an 2

. 5 μ m d i a met e r), w h i ch h as h i g h er l i g h t

ex t i n ct i o n effi ci en cy t h an co a rs e p art i cu l at e mat t er ( 2

. 5

- 1 0 μ m d i a met e rs ), s h o u l d b e t re at ed

s ep arat el y i n t h e mo d el

. C A L P U F F al l o w s fo r u s er

- s p eci fi ed s i ze cat eg o ri es t o b e t reat ed as

8 H o w e v e r , f o r t h e r e a s o n s g i v e n i n t h i s p a r a g r a p h

, V I S T A S d o e s n o t r e c o m m e n d P L U V U E

- I I f o r B A R T

a p p l i c a t i o nO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 3 s ep arat e s p eci es , w h i ch i n cl u d es cal cu l at i n g s i ze

- s p eci fi c d ry d ep o s i t i o n v el o ci t i es fo r each s i ze

cat eg o ry

.

A p ri mary P M 2

. 5 emi s s i o n fro m co al

- fi red el ect ri c g en e rat i n g u n i t s (E G U s ) t h at i s o f rel ev an c e t o

v i s i b i l i t y cal cu l at i o n s i s t h at o f p ri mary s u l fat e. A l t h o u g h p ri mary s u l fat e e mi s s i o n s acco u n t fo r

o n l y a s mal l f ract i o n o f t h e t o t al s u l fu r e mi s s i o n s fro m s u ch s o u rc es , i t may b e i mp o rt an t t o

s i mu l at e t h ei r effe ct w i t h C A L P U FF

, es p eci al l y at s h o rt er d i s t an ces b efo r e s i g n i fi can t fo r mat i o n

o f s eco n d a ry s u l fat e co n v ers i o n f r o m S O 2 h as t ak en p l a ce.

Sul fur D i o x i d e a nd Se co nd a r

y P a r t i cul a t

e S ul fa t e

T h e M E S O P U FF

- II ch e mi s t ry al g o ri t h m u s ed i n C A L P U F F 9 s i mu l at es t h e g as p h as e o x i d at i o n

o f s u l fu r d i o x i d e t o s u l fat e b y a l i n ear t ran s fo rmat i o n rat e t h at w as d ev el o p ed u s i n g reg res s i o n
rel at i o n s h i p s d eri v ed fro m t h e an al y s i s o f ch emi cal co n v ers i o n rat es p ro d u ced b y a co mp l ex

p h o t o ch emi cal b o x mo d el (s e e Sci r e et al

. , 1 9 8 4

, fo r a d es cri p t i o n o f t h e d ev el o p men t o f t h e
ch emi c al mo d u l e). A s i n al l e mp i ri cal l y

- d eri v ed mo d el s , t h e rel at i o n s h i p s are b as ed o n eas i l y

co mp u t ed o r o b s erv ed p aram et ers t h at are u s ed as s u rro g at es fo r t h e fact o rs t h at co n t ro l SO 2

o x i d at i o n

.

T h e s u rro g at e fact o rs i n cl u d ed i n t h e p ar am et eri zed c h emi s t ry d u ri n g t h e d ay t i m e h o u rs i n cl u d e

s o l ar rad i at i o n i n t en s i t y , am b i en t o zo n e co n cen t rat i o n , an d at mo s p h eri c s t ab i l i t y cl as s

. Fo r

ex amp l e , g as p h as e S O 2 o x i d at i o n i s a fu n ct i o n o f O H rad i cal co n cen t rat i o n s

. O zo n e

co n cen t rat i o n s are co rrel at ed w i t h O H rad i cal co n c en t rat i o n s d u ri n g d ay t i me h o u rs , an d t h ei r u s e
i n t h e d ay t i me SO 2 co n v ers i o n rat e i n C A L P U FF i s b as ed o n t h i s co rrel at i o n rel at i o n s h i p

. T h e

p h i l o s o p h y i s t h at O H rad i cal meas u r em en t s are n o t av ai l ab l e an d can n o t eas i l y b e co mp u t ed

w i t h i n a mo d el l i k e CA L P U FF

, b u t o zo n e i s co mmo n l y meas u red t h ro u g h o u t t h e co u n t r y , s o t h e

u s e o f t h e w el l

- k n o w n s u rro g at e v ari ab l e (o zo n e) i s mo re u s efu l i n t h e e mp i ri cal rel at i o n s h i p t h an
fact o rs t h at are u n k n o w n o r h av e a h i g h d eg ree o f u n cert ai n t y

. T h e s a me l o g i c ap p l i es t o t h e

o t h er v ari ab l es i n t h e rel at i o n s h i p

. T h ey are s u r ro g at es fo r fa ct o rs t h at t h e reg r es s i o n an al y s i s h as

s h o w n t o b e i mp o rt an t i n S O 2 o x i d at i o n rat es

. A t n i g h t

, t h e S O 2 co n v ers i o n i s s et t o a co n s t an t

l o w v al u e (d ef au l t i s 0

. 2 % / h r ). A q u eo u s p h as e o x i d a t i o n o f S O 2 i s rep res en t ed b y an ad d i t i v e

t erm t h at v ari es w i t h rel at i v e h u mi d i t y an d p eak s at 3 % / h r at 1 0 0 % rel at i v e h u mi d i t y

. C A L P U FF

rep res en t s t h e ch emi c al co n v ers i o n as a l i n ea r p ro ces s b ecau s e i t req u i res l i n ea r i n d ep en d en c e
b et w e en p u ffs

, al t h o u g h as ex p l ai n ed b el o w , n o n

- l i n ear b eh av i o r i n n i t rat e fo rm at i o n can b e

mo d el ed

.

9 C A L P U F F o f f e r s t w o o p t i o n s f o r p a r a m e t e r i z i n g c h e m i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s : t h e 5 s p e c i e s ( S O 2 , S O 4 =

, N O

x , H N O 3 ,
a n d N O 3 - ) M E S O P U F F

- I I s y s t e m a n d t h e 6 s p e c i e s R I V A D s y s t e m ( w h i c h t r e a t s N O a n d N O 2 s e p a r a t e l y )

. I W A Q M r e c o m m e n d s u s i n g t h e M E S O P U F F

- I I s y s t e m w i t h C A L P U F F

. T h e R I V A D s y s t e m i s b e l i e v e d t o b e

m o r e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r c l e a n e n v i r o n m e n t s , h o w e v e r , a n d t h e r e f o r e w a s u s e d i n t h e S o u t h w e s t W y o m i n g R e g i o n a l
C A L P U F F A i r Q u a l i t y M o d e l i n g S t u d y i n 2 0 0 1

. F o r t h e V I S T A S r e g i o n , t h e I W A Q M

- a n d F L M

- r e c o m m e n d e d

M E S O P U F F

- I I c h e m i s t r y i s m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 4 T h e I W A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt co n cl u d es t h at t h i s ch e mi s t ry al g o ri t h m i s ad eq u at e fo r rep r es en t i n g

t h e g as p h as e s u l f at e fo r mat i o n b u t t h at i t d o es n o t a d eq u at el y ac co u n t fo r t h e aq u eo u s p h as e

o x i d at i o n o f SO 2

. A ct u al aq u eo u s p h as e o x i d at i o n i n cl o u d s o r fo g can p ro ceed at rat es mu ch

g reat er t h an 3 % p er h o u r, l ead i n g I W A Q M t o s u g g es t t h at s u l fat e mi g h t b e u n d eres t i mat ed i n

s u ch s i t u at i o n s

. H o w ev er , aq u eo u s p h as e o x i d at i o n d ep en d s o n l i q u i d w at er co n t en t

, n o t rel at i v e
h u mi d i t y

. In real i t y , l i q u i d w at er d o es n o t ex i s t i n t h e at mo s p h ere at r el at i v e h u mi d i t y mu ch

b el o w 1 0 0 %

, w h i l e t h e C A L P U FF aq u eo u s re act i o n t erm p ro d u ces s u l fat e at l o w er r el at i v e
h u mi d i t y

. T h i s can l ead CA L P U F F t o o v eres t i mat e s u l fat e co n cen t rat i o n s w h en t h e h u mi d i t y i s
h i g h b u t t h e cl o u d w at er t h at en ab l es aq u eo u s co n v ers i o n i s n o t p res en t

. T h erefo re, t h e d i rect i o n

o f t h e b i as i n t h e aq u eo u s ch e mi s t ry s i mu l at i o n o f s u l fa t e fo r mat i o n can v ary

.

O t h er p o t en t i al s o u rces o f e rro r i n t h e s u l fat e fo r mat i o n mech an i s m o f C A L P U F F i n cl u d e (1 )

o v eres t i mat i o n o f s u l fat e fo rmat i o n w h en N O

x co n cen t rat i o n s i n t h e p l u me are h i g h an d i n

act u al i t y t h ey d ep l et e t h e l o cal av ai l ab i l i t y o f o zo n e an d h y d ro g en p ero x i d e fo r o x i d i zi n g t h e SO 2 ;

an d (2 ) l a ck o f d i rect co n s i d erat i o n o f t h e ef fect o f t e mp erat u r e o n t h e co n v ers i o n rat es , w h i ch

may c au s e t h e mo d el t o o v ers t at e s u l fat e fo rm at i o n o n co l d d ay s (b el o w 1 0 C o r 5 0 ° F) ( Mo rri s et

al

. , 2 0 0 3 ). H o w ev e r, i n C A L P U FF

, t h e effect s o f t em p erat u re ar e, t o s o me d eg ree , co mp en s at ed

fo r i n d i rect l y b y t h e u s e o f t h e s o l ar rad i at i o n s u rro g at e v ari ab l e i n t h e emp i ri cal co n v ers i o n

eq u at i o n s

.

W h et h er t h es e p o t en t i al erro rs are i mp o rt an t w i l l d ep e n d o n t h e s et t i n g

. Fo r ex amp l e , Fi g u re 3

- 2

s h o w s a co mp ari s o n o f p r ed i ct ed an d o b s e rv ed 2 4

- h o u r s u l fat e co n c en t rat i o n s , d u e t o a l arg e

n u mb er o f S O 2 s o u rces , at t h e Pi n ed al e I MP R O V E s i t e i n W y o mi n g fo r t h e 1 9 9 5 p eri o d (Sci re et

al

. , 2 0 0 1 ). O v eral l

, i n t h i s cas e t h e re w as v ery l i t t l e b i as i n t h e s u l fat e p red i ct i o n s

. W h et h er
C A L P U FF p r ed i ct i o n s w o u l d co mp a re as w el l w i t h me as u rem en t s i n t h e So u t h eas t remai n s t o b e

s een

.

C A L P U FF d o es n o t i d en t i fy t h e ch e mi cal fo r m o f t h e s u l fat e co mp o u n d t h at res u l t s fro m i t s

react i o n s , w h i ch w i l l g en eral l y b e s o me fo r m o f am mo n i at ed s u l fat e w h o s e d eg r ee o f

n eu t ral i zat i o n w i l l d ep en d o n t h e av ai l a b i l i t y o f a mmo n i a i n t h e at mo s p h ere

. T h i s co n s i d er at i o n ,

w h i ch h as b e en fo u n d t o b e r el ev an t fo r c al cu l at i n g l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n i n t h e V IS T A S r eg i o n , i s n o t

ad d res s ed b y C A L P U F F o r C A L P O S T

.

In mo s t ap p l i cat i o n s , t h e o zo n e co n cen t rat i o n s req u i re d fo r t h e s u l f at e fo rm at i o n cal cu l at i o n s are
d eri v ed fro m amb i en t me as u re men t s , al t h o u g h co n cen t rat i o n s s i mu l at ed b y reg i o n al mo d el s c an
b e u s ed

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 5 F i g ur e 3

- 2

. O bs erv ed v s

. C A L P U F F

- pre di ct ed 2 4

- h o ur s ul fa te co n cen tra ti o ns a t t he I M P R O V E

m o ni to ri ng s i t e i n P i ne da l e, Wy o m i ng fo r 1 9 9 5

.

N

O

x a nd S eco nd a r

y Am mo ni u m N i t

r a t e

T h e M E S O P U F F

- II ch e mi s t ry al g o ri t h m u s ed i n C A L P U F F s i mu l at es t h e o x i d at i o n o f N O

x t o

n i t ri c aci d an d o rg an i c n i t rat es (b o t h g as es ) b y t r an s fo rm at i o n rat es t h at d ep en d o n N O

x

co n cen t rat i o n , amb i en t o zo n e co n cen t rat i o n , an d at mo s p h eri c s t ab i l i t y cl as s d u ri n g t h e d ay

. T h e

co n v ers i o n rat e at n i g h t i s s et at t o a co n s t an t v al u e ( d efau l t i s 2

. 0 % / h r). T h e t e mp e rat u re

- an d

h u mi d i t y

- d ep en d en t eq u i l i b ri u m b et w een n i t ri c a ci d g as an d ammo n i u m n i t rat e p art i cl es i s t ak en
i n t o acco u n t w h en es t i mat i n g t h e am mo n i u m n i t rat e p art i cl e co n c en t rat i o n , an eq u i l i b ri u m t h at

d ep en d s o n t h e amb i en t co n cen t rat i o n o f am mo n i a. T h e u s er s u p p l i es t h e v al u e o f t h e amb i en t

co n cen t rat i o n o f a mmo n i a

. C A L P U FF as s u m es t h at t h e s u l fat e r eac t s p ref eren t i al l y w i t h t h at

am mo n i a t o fo rm a m mo n i u m s u l fat e an d t h e l eft o v er am mo n i a i s av ai l ab l e t o fo rm a mmo n i u m

n i t rat e.

T h e I W A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt co n s i d ers t h at t h i s mech an i s m i s ad eq u at e fo r rep res en t i n g n i t rat e
ch emi s t ry

. Po t en t i al s i t u at i o n s w h ere t h i s as s u mp t i o n may n o t b e co rrect

, h o w ev e r, i n cl u d e (1 )

p l u mes w i t h h i g h co n cen t rat i o n s o f N O

x t h at d ep l et e t h e amb i en t o zo n e an d t h u s l i mi t t h eO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 6 t ran s fo rm at i o n o f N O

x t o n i t ri c aci d i n t h e p l u me; an d (2 ) w h en a mb i en t t emp erat u re i s b el o w 1 0
C, an d t h u s t h e t ran s fo rmat i o n rat e i s mu ch s l o w er a n d t h e n i t rat e co n cen t rat i o n may b e l o w er

t h an t h at s i mu l at ed b y CA L P U FF ( Mo rri s et al

. , 2 0 0 3 ). In b o t h cas es , C A L P U FF m ay

o v eres t i mat e t h e a mo u n t o f n i t rat e t h at i s p ro d u ced

. In p art i cu l ar, t h e i mp a ct o f am mo n i u m n i t rat e

co n cen t rat i o n s o n v i s i b i l i t y at Cl as s I areas i n t h e V IS T A S reg i o n i s g reat es t i n t h e w i n t er, w h en

t emp er at u res ar e l o w es t

, t h e n i t rat e co n c en t rat i o n s are t h e g reat es t

, an d t h e s u l fat e co n cen t rat i o n s

t en d t o b e t h e l eas t

. C A L P U FF may o v e rs t at e t h e i mp act s o f N O

x e mi s s i o n s at t h o s e t i mes ,

es p eci al l y i n t h e co l d er n o rt h ern s t at es

. T h i s p o t en t i al o v eres t i mat e o f n i t rat e w as n o t ev i d en t

, h o w ev er, i n an ev al u at i o n o f C A L P U FF

- mo d el ed n i t r at e ag ai n s t act u al o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t h e

W y o mi n g s t u d y , as s h o w n i n Fi g u re 3

- 3 a ( Sci re et al

. , 2 0 0 1 ),

A n o t h er f act o r i n t h e cal cu l at i o n o f n i t rat e i s t h at C A L P U FF mak es t h e fu l l amo u n t o f t h e
b ack g ro u n d co n c en t rat i o n o f a m mo n i a av ai l ab l e t o ea ch p u ff, an d t h at amo u n t i s s c av en g ed b y

t h e s u l fat e i n t h e p u ff. If p u ffs o v er l ap , t h en t h at ap p ro ach co u l d o v ers t at e t h e amo u n t o f

am mo n i u m n i t rat e t h at i s fo rmed i n t o t al i f, i n real i t y , t h e co mb i n ed s cav en g i n g b y t h e

o v erl ap p i n g p u ffs at a l o cat i o n w o u l d d ep l et e t h e av ai l ab l e am mo n i a en o u g h t h at t h e co mb i n ed

n i t rat e fo rmat i o n w as l i mi t ed b y t h e av ai l ab i l i t y o f ammo n i a

. T h i s eff ect o f s u ch ammo n i a
l i mi t i n g can b e l arg e i n s u mmer; fo r a s o u r ce 7 5 k m w es t o f Ma mmo t h C av e N at i o n al Park

, o n e

mo d el i n g an al y s i s fo u n d t h e max i mu m l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n i mp act o f t h e s o u rce t o b e 7

. 4 % (ro u g h l y
0

. 7 4 d eci v i ew s ) at t h e p ark w h en C A L P U F F w as u s ed w i t h o u t co n s i d erat i o n o f ammo n i a l i mi t i n g

an d ab o u t 3 0 % l es s , b et w een 5

. 5 an d 5

. 8 % (ro u g h l y 0

. 5 5 t o 0

. 5 8 d v ), w h en t h e eff ect o f a mmo n i a
l i mi t i n g w as co n s i d ered ( E s co ffi e r

- C zaj a an d Sci re , 2 0 0 2 ).

T o ad d r es s t h e i s s u e, s i n ce 1 9 9 9 (i

. e. , aft e r t h e I W A Q M Ph as e 2 rep o rt ) t h e C A L P U FF s y s t e m
h as i n cl u d ed t h e o p t i o n al PO S T U T I L p o s t p ro c es s i n g p ro g ram , w h i ch r ep art i t i o n s t h e am mo n i a

an d n i t ri c aci d co n cen t rat i o n s es t i mat ed b y CA L P U FF t o refl ect p o t en t i al ammo n i a

- l i mi t i n g
effe ct s o n t h e d ev el o p men t o f n i t rat e

. T h i s al l o w s n o n

- l i n eari t y as s o ci at ed w i t h a mmo n i a l i mi t i n g
effe ct s t o b e i n cl u d ed i n t h e C A L P U FF mo d el es t i mat es

. P O S T U T I L co mp u t es t h e t o t al s u l fat e

co n cen t rat i o n s fro m al l s o u rces (mo d el ed s o u rces p l u s i n fl o w b o u n d ary co n d i t i o n s ) an d es t i mat es

t h e amo u n t o f ammo n i a av ai l ab l e fo r t o t al n i t rat e fo rmat i o n aft er t h e p refe ren t i al s cav en g i n g o f

am mo n i a b y s u l fat e. T h at i s , as n ew s u l fat e, n i t rat e o r ammo n i a fro m t h e s o u rce o f i n t eres t i s
ad d ed t o an ex i s t i n g mi x o f p o l l u t an t s , PO S T U T I L w i l l es t i mat e b o t h t h e n i t rat e fo rmed fro m t h e

n ew s o u rce an d t h e ch an g e i n b ack g ro u n d n i t rat e as a res u l t o f t h e i n c re men t al d ep l et i o n o f

am mo n i a (d u e t o t h e n e w s u l fat e an d n i t rat e) o r ad d i t i o n o f ammo n i a (fro m a n e w s o u r ce o f

am mo n i a ).

Rel i ab l e es t i mat es o f t h e amb i en t co n cen t rat i o n s o f a mmo n i a , es p eci al l y w i t h t h e t e mp o ral an d

s p at i al res o l u t i o n t h at w o u l d b e o p t i mal fo r u s e w i t h CA L P U F F, ar e n eed ed t o t ak e fu l l ad v an t ag e

o f t h e i n cre as ed a ccu r acy p ro v i d ed b y P O S T U T I L

. T h e p ro ces s o r req u i res es t i mat ed

co n cen t rat i o n s o f am mo n i a t h ro u g h o u t t h e mo d el i n g d o mai n an d p eri o d

. Su ch es t i m at es can b e
i n ferred fro m C A S T N et meas u r em en t s , w h i ch are i n t e g rat ed o v er a w e ek

, fro m 2 4

- h r S E A R C H

meas u r em en t s , o r fro m t h e o u t p u t o f a reg i o n al p h o t o ch emi c al mo d el s u ch as C M A Q o r C A Mx

. T h e C A S T N et n et w o rk i s fai rl y s p ars e an d t h e u n cert ai n t y i n t h e ammo n i a m eas u re men t s i s l arg e,O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 7 s o d efi n i n g t h e ammo n i a co n cen t rat i o n t h ro u g h o u t t h e So u t h eas t w o u l d req u i re ex t en s i v e
i n t erp o l at i o n o r ex t rap o l at i o n fro m t h e mea s u r ed v al u es

. T h e q u al i t y o f t h e S E A R C H

meas u r em en t s i s mu ch b et t er, b u t t h er e a re o n l y 8 s i t es an d t h ey d o n o t co v e r t h e en t i re V I ST A S

d o mai n

. Mo d el ed co n cen t rat i o n s h av e t h e ad v an t ag e o f b ei n g res o l v ed i n s p ace an d t i me, b u t

t h ei r accu racy s h o u l d b e ev al u at ed b y co mp ari s o n w i t h meas u r em en t s w h er ev er p o s s i b l e.

Ben efi t i s o b t ai n ed b y co n s i d eri n g s eas o n al t ren d s o f am mo n i a an d u s i n g P O S T U T I L t o
d et ermi n e t h e d i u rn al v ari ab i l i t y i n av ai l ab l e am mo n i a d u e t o t h e d ai l y cy cl e o f n i t rat e fo r mat i o n

as s o ci at ed w i t h t emp erat u re an d rel at i v e h u mi d i t y effe ct s

. Fo r ex a mp l e, res u l t s o f t h e W y o mi n g

s t u d y (s ee Fi g u re 3

- 3 a) s h o w t h at P O S T U T I L ad j u s t men t s p ro d u ced d ai l y av er ag e n i t rat e

co n cen t rat i o n s w el l w i t h i n t h e fact o r o f t w o l i n es an d w i t h v e ry l i t t l e mean b i as

. O n t h e o t h er
h an d

, an al y s i s o f t h e s a me res u l t s w i t h u s e o f co n s t an t am mo n i a o f 0

. 5 p p b o r 1

. 0 p p b p ro d u c ed

co n s i s t en t o v erp red i ct i o n s o f n i t rat e b y fa ct o rs o f 2

- 3 a n d 3

- 4

, res p ect i v el y , as s h o w n i n Fi g u re 3

- 3 b (Sci r e et al

. , 2 0 0 3 ).

F i g ur e 3

- 3 a

. O bs erv ed v s

. C A L P U F F

- pre di ct ed 2 4

- ho ur ni t ra te co n cen tra ti o ns a t t he I M P R O V E

m o ni to ri ng s i t e i n P i ne da l e, Wy o m i ng fo r 1 9 9 5 us i n g the a m m o ni a l i m i ti ng m e tho d. (S ci re et a l

. , 2 0 0 1 )O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 8 F i g ur e 3

- 3 b. Obs erv e d v s

. C A L P U F F

- p redi cte d 2 4

- ho ur ni t ra te co n cen tra ti o ns a t t he I M P R O V E

m o ni to ri ng s i t e i n P i ne da l e, Wy o m i ng fo r 1 9 9 5 us i n g the a m m o ni a l i m i ti ng m e tho d ( bl ue ), co ns ta nt

a m m o ni a a t 0

. 5 pp b ( pi nk ) a nd co ns ta nt a m m o ni a a t 1

. 0 pp b (g re en)

. ( Sci r e et a l

. , 2 0 0 3 )

Seco nd a r

y O r g a ni c A er o s o l

O n g o i n g res e arch s t u d i es at s ev er al Cl as s I ar eas t h ro u g h o u t t h e co u n t ry (Fal l o n an d Ben ch

, 2 0 0 4 ) an d at S E A R C H s i t es i n t h e So u t h eas t ( E d g ert o n et al

. , 2 0 0 4 ) a re fi n d i n g t h at

, t y p i cal l y , 9 0

t o 9 5 % o f t h e ru r al o rg an i c c arb o n fi n e p art i cl e co n c en t rat i o n co n s i s t s o f mo d ern carb o n ( e. g

. , t h at fro m t h e b u rn i n g o f v eg et at i o n an d d eri v i n g fro m V O C e mi s s i o n s fro m v eg et at i o n ) an d o n l y

5 t o 1 0 % i s at t ri b u t ab l e t o man ’s b u rn i n g o f fo s s i l fu el s

. In ad d i t i o n , a fi el d s t u d y at G r eat Smo k y
Mo u n t ai n s N at i o n al Park i n A u g u s t 2 0 0 2 (T an n er , et a l

. , 2 0 0 5 ) fo u n d t h at an av e rag e o f 8 3 % o f

t h e fi n e carb o n w as mo d ern carb o n

A c co rd i n g t o IMP R O V E meas u r em en t s , o rg an i cs ac co u n t fo r ro u g h l y 1 0 % o f t h e p art i cl e

- cau s ed

l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n i n Cl as s I areas i n t h e So u t h eas t

. W e ca n t h u s co n cl u d e t h at

, i n g en eral

, s eco n d ary

o rg an i c ca rb o n p art i cl es d eri v ed fro m an t h ro p o g en i c fo s s i l fu el b u rn i n g emi s s i o n s are u n l i k el y t o
h av e a l arg e i mp act ( aro u n d 1 % ) o n cu rr en t v i s i b i l i t y

. (M an

- c au s ed b u rn i n g o f v eg et at i o n can
h av e s i g n i fi can t l o cal i zed

, s h o rt

- t er m i mp act s , h o w ev e r

. )

Cu rren t o rg an i c fi n e p a rt i cl e co n c en t rat i o n s i n t h e So u t h eas t are t y p i cal l y w i t h i n a fa ct o r o f 2 o f

t h e 1

. 4 μ g / m 3 co n cen t r at i o n as s u med fo r n at u r al co n d i t i o n s b y t h e E P A

, w h i ch me an s t h at cu rren t

fo s s i l fu el b u rn i n g w o u l d co n t ri b u t e l es s t h an 2 % t o v i s i b i l i t y i n a n at mo s p h ere t h at rep res en t s

n at u ral co n d i t i o n s

. T h u s , i t i s u n l i k el y t h at V O C an d o rg an i c p art i cl e co n t ri b u t i o n s fro m B A R T [ N O 3 ] Q

- Q P l o t f o r C A L P U F F P r e d i c t i o n s w i t h Di f f e r e n t N O 3 a n d H N O 3 R e p a r t i t i o n a n d B r i d g e r I M P R O V E

O b s e r v a t i o n s

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Bridger IMPROVE [NO3]. Units: ug/m**3 of NO3 CALPUFF Summed Repartition (Seasonal NH3)

CALPUFF Separated Repartition (NH3=0.5ppb)

CALPUFF Separated Repartition (NH3=1.0ppb) Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4

Factor 2

Factor 3

Factor 4 [ N O 3 ] Q

- Q P l o t f o r C A L P U F F P r e d i c t i o n s w i t h D i f f e r e n t N O 3 a n d H N O 3 R e p a r t i t i o n a n d B r i d g e r I M P R O

V E

O b s e r v a t i o n s

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

1 1.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Bridger IMPROVE [NO3]. Units: ug/m**3 of NO3 CALPUFF Summed Repartition (Seasonal NH3)

CALPUFF Separated Repartition (NH3=0.5ppb)

CALPUFF Separated Repartition (NH3=1.0ppb) Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4

Factor 2

Factor 3

Factor 4O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 2 9 s o u rces w i l l cau s e a l arg e i mp act t o v i s i b i l i t y at Cl as s I are as , b u t a 5 % (0

. 5 d v ) l o cal i zed i mp act

fro m a p art i cu l arl y l arg e V O C s o u r ce can n o t b e d i s mi s s ed o u t o f h an d

.

C A L P U FF h as o n l y ru d i men t ary c ap ab i l i t i es fo r ad d res s i n g fo rmat i o n o f v i s i b i l i t y

- i mp ai ri n g

o rg an i c p art i cl es fro m s o m e fo rms o f v o l at i l e o rg an i c carb o n ( V O C ). T h e c ap ab i l i t i es t h at d o

ex i s t i n cl u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g

.

Fi rs t

, PM 1 0 emi s s i o n s (s u ch as fro m p o w er p l an t s ) are o ft en d i v i d ed i n t o fi l t erab l e an d

co n d en s ab l e co mp o n en t s , w i t h t h e co n d en s ab l e mas s b ei n g 1 0 0

- 2 0 0 % o f t h e fi l t erab l e mas s

. Fo r

p u rp o s es o f v i s i b i l i t y an al y s es w i t h CA L P U F F, a fra ct i o n o f t h e co n d en s ab l e p art i s t y p i cal l y

t reat ed as o rg an i c p art i cl es , i

. e. , i t i s as s u med t h at a fract i o n o f t h e co n d en s ab l e co mp o n en t s i n t h e

PM 1 0 e mi s s i o n s co n d en s e i n t o o rg an i c PM 2

. 5 p art i cl es

. T h e s i z e o f t h i s o rg an i c fr act i o n v ari es

w i t h p ro ces s an d p ro c es s eq u i p men t

, an d can r an g e fr o m 2 0 t o 1 0 0 % o f t h e co n d en s ab l e mas s

. T h es e fi n e o rg an i c p art i cl es can b e re ad i l y mo d el ed b y CA L P U F F. ( T h e re mai n i n g co n d en s ab l e

mat eri al m ay b e s u l fu ri c, h y d ro ch l o ri c, o r h y d ro fl u o ri c aci d

. )

Seco n d

, a mo d u l e t h at t reat s t h e fo rm at i o n o f s eco n d ar y o rg an i c p art i cl es fro m o rg an i c emi s s i o n s

w as r ecen t l y d ev el o p ed an d i s n o w p a rt o f t h e C A L P U F F s y s t em. ( Sci re et al

. , 2 0 0 1 )

. T h i s

s i mp l i fi ed s eco n d ary o rg an i c aero s o l ( S O A ) mo d u l e i s a l i n ear, p ara met e ri zed r ep res en t at i o n t h at

i s cu rren t l y co n s i d ered b es t s u i t ed fo r b i o g en i c o rg an i cs

. It rel i es o n t h e co n v en t i o n al w i s d o m t h at

o n l y h y d ro carb o n s w i t h mo re t h an s i x carb o n at o ms can fo rm s i g n i fi can t S O A ( G ro s j ean an d

Sei n fel d

, 1 9 8 9 ). Fo r ex amp l e , ac co rd i n g t o t h i s ru l e, i s o p ren e (C 5 H 8 ) d o es n o t mak e S O A b u t

t erp en es d o , mak i n g p i n e t re es mo re i mp o rt an t b i o g en i c co n t ri b u t o rs t o S O A t h an o ak t rees

. 1 0

L i mi t ed ev al u at i o n o f t h e p erfo rm an ce o f C A L P U FF at s i mu l at i n g SO A w i t h i t s b i o g en i c SO A

mo d u l e at o n e I MP R O V E s i t e i n a reg i o n al mo d el i n g s t u d y i n W y o mi n g fo u n d t h at 9 5 % o f 1 0 1

es t i mat ed 2 4

- h r S O A co n cen t rat i o n s w er e w i t h i n 2 % o f t h e meas u r ed v al u es (S ci re et al

. , 2 0 0 1 ).

T h i s p erfo rm an ce s e ems p ro mi s i n g , al t h o u g h t h e d ev el o p ers v i e w t h e S O A mo d u l e as n eed i n g

mo re t es t i n g an d ev al u at i o n

.

T h u s , C A L P U F F i n cl u d es ap p ro ach es fo r d eal i n g w i t h co n d en s ab l e V O C e mi s s i o n s t h at are
ch ara ct eri zed as co n d en s ab l e P M 1 0 an d w i t h b i o g en i c V O Cs

, al t h o u g h t h e s o u n d n es s o f

co n cen t rat i o n es t i mat es b y t h es e ap p ro ach es w h en m o d el i n g a p l u me fro m a s i n g l e s o u rce i s
l arg el y u n t es t ed

. 1 1 T h e C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n o f V O C emi s s i o n s fro m s o u rces w h o s e V O C

emi s s i o n s are p red o mi n an t l y an t h ro p o g en i c i s p ro b l emat i c, h o w ev er

. Pe rh ap s t h e ap p ro a ch u s ed

fo r t h e s i mp l i fi ed b i o g en i c SO A mo d u l e may b e ex t en d ed t o an t h ro p o g en i c V O Cs w h en

s p eci at ed V O C e mi s s i o n s i n fo rmat i o n i s av ai l ab l e. If o n l y t h o s e V O Cs w i t h mo r e t h an s i x c arb o n

at o ms are p res u med t o b e o f i mp o rt an ce , t h i s el i mi n at es man y an t h ro p o g en i c s o u rces o f V O C

emi s s i o n s

. Fo r ex amp l e , t h e fu g i t i v e emi s s i o n s o f b u t an e an d et h an e d u ri n g p et ro l eu m p ro ces s i n g

1 0 R e c e n t r e s e a r c h s u g g e s t s t h a t i s o p r e n e m a y b e a S O A p r e c u r s o r , h o w e v e r

.

1 1 N o t e t h a t n e i t h e r o f t h e s e V O C

- r e l a t e d s i m u l a t i o n a p p r o a c h e s i s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e c u r r e n t ( V e r s i o n 5 ) C A L P U F F
U s e r ’ s G u i d e d a t e d J a n u a r y 2 0 0 1

. S e e t h e W y o m i n g r e p o r t r e f e r e n c e d a b o v e f o r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h i s m o d u l e

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 3 0 are n o t i mp o rt an t

, w h i l e aro mat i c e mi s s i o n s (s u ch as o f t o l u en e an d x y l en e) a re co n s i d ered b y t h e
S O A mo d u l e’s mech an i s m. D ev el o p men t

, t es t i n g , an d ev al u at i o n w o u l d b e n eed ed b e fo re o n e

co u l d rel y o n s u ch a mo d u l e fo r es t i mat i n g S O A fro m a n t h ro p o g en i c S O A emi s s i o n s , t h o u g h

.

T h e refo r e, t o d emo n s t rat e t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s o f V O C e mi s s i o n s fro m B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces ,

mean s o t h er t h an C A L P U FF w i l l b e n e ed ed

. A t e ch n i cal ap p ro a ch u s i n g a reg i o n al

p h o t o ch emi cal mo d el t o ev al u at e v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s o f V O C e mi s s i o n s i s p res en t ed i n Sect i o n
4

. 1

. 3

. C A L P U F F can b e u s ed t o es t i mat e t h e co n t ri b u t i o n fro m t h e p ri mary co n d en s ab l e fra ct i o n

o f P M 1 0 emi s s i o n s , t h o u g h

.

3

. 2

. 3 Reg i o na l Ha z e

Cal cu l at i o n o f t h e i mp act o f t h e s i mu l at ed p l u m e p art i cu l at e mat t er co mp o n en t co n c en t rat i o n s o n
l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n i s carri ed o u t i n t h e CA L P O S T p o s t p ro ces s o r. T h e fo r mu l a u s ed i s t h e u s u al

IMP R O V E / E P A fo r mu l a, w h i ch i s ap p l i ed t o d et er mi n e a ch an g e i n l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n d u e t o
ch an g es i n co mp o n en t co n cen t rat i o n s

. U s i n g t h e n o t at i o n o f CA L P O S T

, t h e fo rmu l a i s t h e
fo l l o w i n g :

b

e

x t = 3 f ( R H ) [ (N H

4 ) 2 S O 4 ] + 3 f ( R H ) [ N

H

4 N

O 3

] + 4 [ O C] + 1 [ S

o i l ] +

+ 0

. 6 [

Co a r s e M a s s ] + 1 0 [ E C ] + b R a y (3

- 1 )

T h e co n cen t r at i o n s , i n s q u are b rack et s , ar e i n μ g / m 3 an d b

e x t i s i n u n i t s o f M m - 1

. T h e Ray l ei g h

s cat t eri n g t erm (b R a y ) h as a d efau l t v al u e o f 1 0 Mm - 1

, as reco m men d ed i n E P A g u i d an ce fo r

t rack i n g re as o n ab l e p ro g r es s ( E P A

, 2 0 0 3 a ).

T h e re are a f e w i mp o rt an t d i fferen ces i n d et ai l an d i n n o t at i o n b et w een t h e C A L P O S T fo r mu l a
fo r es t i mat i n g l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n (i

. e. , E q u at i o n 3

- 1 ) an d t h at o f IMPR O V E an d E P A

. Fi rs t

, t h e O C

i n t h e fo r mu l a ab o v e r ep res en t s o rg an i c carb o n a ceo u s mat t er ( O M C i n I M PR O V E ’s n o t at i o n ),

w h i ch i s 1

. 4 t i mes t h e O C (i

. e

. , o rg an i c ca rb o n al o n e) i n t h e IMPR O V E fo r mu l a

. T h e E C ab o v e i s

s y n o n y mo u s w i t h LA C i n t h e IMPR O V E fo rmu l a

. C A L P O S T n o w o ffers t h e o p t i o n o f u s i n g t h e

o l d IMPR O V E f ( R H ) cu rv e, w h o s e v al u es ar e d o cu me n t ed i n t h e D ecemb er 2 0 0 0 FL A G rep o rt

,

o r t h e f ( R H ) n o w u s ed b y I MP R O V E an d E P A ( as d o c u men t ed i n E P A ’s reg i o n al h a ze g u i d an c e
d o cu men t s ). A l s o , C A L P O S T s et s t h e max i mu m R H at 9 8 % b y d ef au l t (al t h o u g h t h e u s er can
ch an g e i t ), w h i l e t h e E P A ’s g u i d an ce n o w c ap s i t at 9 5 %

.

T h e h az e i n d ex ( H I) i s cal cu l at ed fro m t h e ex t i n ct i o n c o effi ci en t v i a t h e fo l l o w i n g fo r mu l a:

H

I = 1 0 l n (b

e x t

/

1 0

) (3

- 2 )

w h e re H I i s i n u n i t s o f d eci v i e w s (d v ) an d b

e x t i s i n M m - 1

. T h e i mp act o f a s o u rc e i s d et e rmi n ed

b y co mp ari n g H I fo r es t i mat ed n at u ral b ack g ro u n d co n d i t i o n s w i t h t h e i mp act o f t h e s o u rce an d

w i t h o u t t h e i mp act o f t h e s o u rc e.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 3 1 CA L P O S T Met h o d s

C A L P O S T u s es E q u at i o n 3

- 1 t o cal cu l at e t h e ex t i n ct i o n i n cremen t d u e t o t h e s o u rce o f i n t eres t

an d p ro v i d es v ari o u s met h o d s fo r es t i mat i n g t h e b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n ag ai n s t w h i ch t h e
i n crem en t i s co mp ared i n t er ms o f p er cen t o r d eci v i e w s

.

Fo r b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n , t h e C A L P O S T p ro c es s o r c o n t ai n s s ev en t ech n i q u es fo r co mp u t i n g t h e
ch an g e i n l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n d u e t o a s o u rce o r g ro u p o f s o u rces (cal l ed Met h o d s 1

- 7 ). T h es e are

u s u al l y rep o rt ed as 2 4

- h o u r av er ag e v al u es , co n s i s t en t w i t h E P A an d F L M g u i d an ce. In ad d i t i o n , t h ere a re t w o t e ch n i q u es fo r co mp u t i n g t h e 2 4

- h o u r av erag e ch an g e i n ex t i n ct i o n (i

. e. , as t h e r at i o

o f 2 4

- h o u r av er ag e ex t i n ct i o n s , o r as t h e av e rag e o f 2 4

- h o u r rat i o s ). A b ri ef s u m ma ry o f t h e

t ech n i q u es i s p ro v i d ed b el o w

. M et h o d 2 i s t h e c u rr en t d efau l t

, reco m men d ed b y b o t h I W A Q M (E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ) an d F L A G (2 0 0 0 ) fo r r efi n ed an al y s es

. Met h o d 6 i s reco m men d ed b y E P A ’s B A R T

g u i d an ce (7 0 FR 3 9 1 6 2 ).

Met h o d s 4 an d 5 u s e o p t i cal l y meas u r ed h o u rl y b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n s , w h i ch rep r es en t cu r ren t

act u al l ev el s o f ex t i n ct i o n an d t h u s are n o t co n s i s t en t w i t h t h e “n at u ral co n d i t i o n s ” t h e BA R T

p ro p o s al s ay s s h o u l d b e u s ed as a b as el i n e. Met h o d s 1 t h ro u g h 3 an d 6 an d 7 al l o w fo r u s er i n p u t s

o f es t i mat ed (e

. g

. , n at u ral co n d i t i o n s ) b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n o r co mp o n en t co n cen t rat i o n s , an d

t h u s are co n s i s t en t w i t h t h e B A R T p ro p o s al

.

Met h o d 1 al l o w s t h e u s e r t o s p eci fy a s i n g l e v al u e o f a “d ry ” b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n co effi ci en t

fo r each rec ep t o r, s p eci fy t h at a c ert ai n fr act i o n o f t h at co effi ci en t i s d u e t o h y g ro s co p i c s p eci es ,

an d u s e rel at i v e h u mi d i t y meas u re men t s t o v ary t h e ex t i n ct i o n h o u rl y v i a a 1 9 9 3 IW A Q M f ( R H )

cu rv e o r , o p t i o n al l y , t h e E P A reg i o n al h a ze f(R H ) cu rv e ( E P A

, 2 0 0 3 b )

. T h e R H i s cap p ed at 9 8 %

o r a u s er

- s el ect ed v al u e (9 5 % fo r t h e E P A cu rv e)

. T h e s ame f ( R H ) i s ap p l i ed t o b o t h t h e mo d el ed

s u l fat e an d n i t rat e

.

Fo r an ex amp l e o f t h e u s e o f Met h o d 1

, o n e co u l d u s e t h e d ry p art i cl e ex t i n ct i o n co effi ci en t o f

9

. 0 9 Mm - 1 t h at res u l t s fro m E P A ’s d efau l t n at u ral co n d i t i o n s co n cen t rat i o n s , t o g et h er w i t h an

as s u mp t i o n t h at fo r n at u ral co n d i t i o n s , s ay , 0

. 9 M m – 1 (o r 1 0 % ) o f t h i s a mo u n t res u l t s fro m
h y g ro s co p i c am mo n i u m s u l fat e an d a m mo n i u m n i t rat e , an d t h en ap p l y f ( R H ) t o t h i s 1 0 %

.

In Met h o d 2

, u s er

- s p e ci fi ed

, s p e ci at ed mo n t h l y co n cen t rat i o n v al u es are u s ed t o d es cri b e t h e
b ack g ro u n d

. W h en ap p l i ed t o n at u ral co n d i t i o n s , fo r w h i ch E P A ’s d ef au l t n at u ral co n d i t i o n s

co n cen t rat i o n s ar e an n u al av e rag es , t h e s am e co mp o n en t co n cen t r at i o n s w o u l d h av e t o b e u s ed

t h ro u g h o u t t h e y ear (u n l es s p o t en t i al re fi n em en t s t o t h o s e d efau l t v al u es res u l t ed i n

co n cen t rat i o n s t h at v ary d u ri n g t h e y ear). H o u rl y b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n i s t h en cal cu l at ed u s i n g

t h es e co n cen t r at i o n s an d h o u rl y , s i t e

- s p e ci fi c f ( R H ) fr o m a 1 9 9 3 I W A Q M cu rv e (a d i ffe ren t o n eO v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 3 2 t h an t h at i n Met h o d 1 ) o r, o p t i o n al l y , t h e E P A reg i o n al h aze f( R H ) cu rv e

. 1 2 A g ai n t h e R H i s

cap p ed at ei t h er 9 8 % (d e fau l t ) o r a u s er

- s el e ct ed v al u e (mo s t co mmo n l y at 9 5 % )

.

Met h o d 3 i s t h e s a me as Met h o d 2

, ex cep t t h at an y h o u r i n w h i ch t h e R H ex c eed s 9 8 % (o r t h e

s el ect ed max i mu m) i s d ro p p ed fro m t h e an al y s i s

. W h en 2 4

- h r ex t i n ct i o n i s co mp u t ed

, n o fe w e r

t h an 6 v al i d h o u rs a re ac cep t ed at ea ch r ecep t o r; o t h e rw i s e t h e v al u e fo r t h e d ay i s t ab u l at ed as
“mi s s i n g ”.

Met h o d 6 i s s i mi l ar t o Met h o d 2

, ex cep t mo n t h l y f(R H ) v al u es (e. g

. , E P A ’s mo n t h l y
cl i mat o l o g i cal l y rep res en t at i v e v al u es i n E P A (2 0 0 3 a , b )) ar e u s ed i n p l ac e o f h o u rl y v al u es fo r
cal cu l at i n g b o t h t h e ex t i n ct i o n i mp act o f t h e s o u rce emi s s i o n s an d t h e b ack g ro u n d co n d i t i o n s

ex t i n ct i o n

. H o u rl y s o u rce i mp a ct s , w i t h t h e eff ect o n ex t i n ct i o n d u e t o s u l fa t es an d n i t rat es
cal cu l at ed u s i n g t h e mo n t h l y

- av e rag e rel at i v e h u mi d i t y i n f(R H ), are co mp ared ag ai n s t t h e

mo n t h l y d efau l t n at u ral b ack g ro u n d co n cen t rat i o n s

. T h u s t h e mo n t h l y

- av erag ed rel at i v e h u mi d i t y
i s ap p l i ed t o t h e h y g ro s co p i c co mp o n en t s (i

. e. , s u l fat e an d n i t rat e) o f b o t h t h e s o u rce i mp act an d

t h e b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n w i t h Met h o d 6

.

Met h o d 7 i s a n e w v a ri an t o f M et h o d 2 t h at w as d ev el o p ed as a r es u l t o f a ru l i n g b y t h e A s s i s t an t

Secr et ary o f t h e In t eri o r fo r Fi s h an d W i l d l i fe an d Pa rk s , i n res p o n s e t o a N e w So u rce Rev i e w

cas e i n Mo n t an a, t h at “n at u r al co n d i t i o n s ” s h o u l d refl ect t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t cau s ed b y

s i g n i fi can t met eo ro l o g i cal ev en t s s u ch as fo g , p reci p i t at i o n , o r n at u ral l y o ccu rri n g h aze ( D O I,

2 0 0 3 ). 1 3 U n d e r M et h o d 7

, d u ri n g h o u rs w h en v i s i b i l i t y i s o b s cu red b y met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s , t h e act u al meas u r ed v i s i b i l i t y i s u s ed t o rep res en t n at u ral co n d i t i o n s i n s t ead o f t h e v al u e t h at i s
cal cu l at ed fro m E P A ’s d e fau l t n at u ral co n d i t i o n s c o n cen t rat i o n s u n d er M et h o d 2

. A rec en t

mo d i fi cat i o n d e v el o p ed i n res p o n s e t o F L M co m men t s o n M et h o d 7

, i n w h i ch t h e d ai l y av er ag e

n at u ral ex t i n ct i o n i s cal cu l at ed s o me w h at d i ffe ren t l y , i s cal l ed Met h o d 7 ’

, i

. e. , “7 p ri me”

.

Refi n ed Es t i ma t es o f Ex t i nct i o n a nd N a t ur a l Ba ck g r o und Vi s i b i l i t

y

Sep ar at e fro m t h e B A R T d i s cu s s i o n s , IMP R O V E

, E P A

, an d t h e Reg i o n al Pl an n i n g O rg an i z at i o n s

are ev al u at i n g w h et h er r efi n em en t s are w ar ran t ed t o t h e met h o d s re co m men d ed i n E P A ’s

g u i d an ce t o cal cu l at e d efau l t es t i mat es o f n at u ral b ack g ro u n d v i s i b i l i t y

. In p art i cu l ar, IM PR O V E

h as r ec en t l y ap p ro v ed an al t ern at i v e t o t h e fo r mu l a ( E q

. 3

- 1 ) i t u s es t o es t i mat e ex t i n ct i o n fro m

p art i cl e co n c en t rat i o n m eas u re men t s (Pi t ch fo rd et al

. , 2 0 0 5 ).

Refi n e men t s i n t h e rev i s ed IM PR O V E fo rmu l a i n cl u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g :

- A d d i n g a s ea s al t t er m, i n cl u d i n g a g ro w t h fact o r d u e t o rel at i v e h u mi d i t y

1 2 N o t e t h a t t h e h o u r l y

- v a r y i n g n a t u r a l b a c k g r o u n d e x t i n c t i o n i n t h i s m e t h o d i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h a t p r e s c r i b e d
b y t h e E P A ’ s n a t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s g u i d a n c e ( E P A

, 2 0 0 3 b )

, f o r w h i c h a “ c l i m a t o l o g i c a l l y

- r e p r e s e n t a t i v e ” f ( R

H )

t h a t o n l y v a r i e s m o n t h l y i s t o b e u s e d

. M e t h o d 6 u s e s t h e s e m o n t h l y a v e r a g e h u m i d i t y v a l u e s

.

1 3 T h e S e c r e t a r y ’ s g u i d a n c e a p p l i e s o n l y t o F e d e r a l L a n d M a n a g e r s

. E P A ’ s p o s i t i o n o n t h i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f n a t u r a l

c o n d i t i o n s i s u n k n o w n

.O v e r v i e w o f t

h e CA L P U F

F M o d e l i n g S y s t e m 3 3 - In creas i n g t h e fa ct o r u s ed t o cal cu l at e t h e mas s o f p a rt i cu l at e o rg an i c m at t er ( O C i n E q

. 3

- 1 ) fro m o rg an i c carb o n me as u re men t s

- Mo d i fy i n g t h e r el at i v e h u mi d i t y g ro w t h fo r mu l a , f (R H )

, fo r s u l fat es an d n i t rat es

- Rev i s i n g t h e ex t i n ct i o n effi ci en ci es (t h e n u me ri cal co n s t an t s i n E q u at i o n 3

- 1 ) fo r

s u l fat es , n i t rat es , an d o rg an i c carb o n s o t h at t h ey v a ry w i t h co n c en t rat i o n

- A d d i n g a s i t e

- s p e ci fi c R ay l ei g h s cat t eri n g t er m t o t h e f o rmu l a. V al u es w i l l b e c al cu l at ed

b y IM PR O V E fo r al l Cl as s I ar eas

.

Fo r t h e p u rp o s es o f cal cu l at i n g cu rren t

, fu t u re, an d n at u ral b ack g ro u n d v i s i b i l i t y at V IS T A S Cl as s

I are as as p a rt o f t h e r eas o n ab l e p ro g r es s an al y s es , V IS T A S i n t en d s t o p res en t reg i o n al ai r q u al i t y

mo d el i n g res u l t s u s i n g b o t h t h e cu r ren t E P A r eco mm en d ed as s u mp t i o n s an d t h e n ew l y rev i s ed

aero s o l ex t i n ct i o n fo rmu l a. If a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce ch o o s es t o co n s i d er i t s p ro j ect ed i mp act s

u s i n g t h e n ew l y rev i s ed fo rmu l a as w el l as t h e cu rren t fo rmu l a , t h en mo d i fi cat i o n s w o u l d n eed t o
b e m ad e t o C A L P O S T t o ca rry o u t cal cu l at i o n s w i t h t h e n e w al g o ri t h m.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 4 

### 4. V I S T A S ’ C O M M O N M O D E L I N G P R O T O C O L

4. 1 O ve r vi e w of C o m m on M od e l i n g A p p r oac h

In t h i s s ect i o n , g u i d an ce i s p ro v i d ed o n t h e u s e o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em fo r t w o

p u rp o s es :

1 ) E v al u at i n g w h et h er a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s ex e m p t fro m B A R T co n t ro l s b ecau s e i t

i s n o t reas o n ab l y ex p e ct ed t o cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o i mp ai rmen t o f v i s i b i l i t y i n Cl as s I

areas , an d

2 ) Q u an t i fy i n g t h e v i s i b i l i t y b en efi t s o f B A R T co n t ro l o p t i o n s

.

Fo r p u rp o s e 1 ), St at es mu s t d et ermi n e w h et h er a s o u r ce e mi t s an y ai r p o l l u t an t (SO 2 , N O

x , P M,

an d i n cert ai n cas es V O C an d N H 3 ) t h at “ may r eas o n a b l y b e an t i ci p at ed t o cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o

an y i mp ai r men t o f v i s i b i l i t y ” i n a Cl as s I a rea

. T h e St a t es h av e 3 o p t i o n s t o acco mp l i s h t h i s :

A ) Co n cl u d e t h at al l B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces i n St at e ar e s u b j ect t o B A R T

.

B) D emo n s t rat e t h at al l B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces i n t h e St at e t o g et h er d o n o t cau s e o r

co n t ri b u t e t o an y v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t

C) D et er mi n e i f t h e i mp act fro m each i n d i v i d u al BA R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s g reat er t h an a

t h res h o l d v al u e.

V I S T A S St at es i n t en d t o fo l l o w O p t i o n C (d et ermi n e i f t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp act fro m i n d i v i d u al

s o u rces ex c eed s a co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d ) fo r S O 2 an d N O

x e mi s s i o n s

. T h e met h o d s fo r O p t i o n C

are d es cri b ed i n Sect i o n 4

. 1

. 1

. In ea rl y 2 0 0 6

, V I S T A S p u rs u ed O p t i o n B (d e mo n s t rat e t h at al l

B A R T el i g i b l e s o u rces i n a St at e d o n o t i mp a ct v i s i b i l i t y ) fo r V O C, N H 3 an d PM e mi s s i o n s

. T h e

ap p ro ach an d res u l t s fo r O p t i o n B are d es cri b ed i n Sec t i o n 4

. 1

. 3

. A s a res u l t o f t h i s ex erci s e, t h e
V I S T A S St at es h av e d et er mi n ed t h at t h e O p t i o n C ex emp t i o n an al y s es s h o u l d al s o i n cl u d e PM

emi s s i o n s an d

, fo r s o u rc es w i t h l arg e N H 3 e mi s s i o n s , N H 3

. T h e St at es d et ermi n ed t h at

an t h ro p o g en i c V O C e mi s s i o n s d o n o t cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t at V IS T A S

Cl as s I are as an d t h at V O C e mi s s i o n s d o n o t n eed t o b e co n s i d ered i n B A R T an al y s es

.

4

. 1

. 1 B AR T Ex emp t i o n Ana l ys i s

A s i l l u s t rat ed i n Fi g u re 4

- 1

, t h r ee s t ep s w i l l ev al u at e w h et h er a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce o f S O 2 , N O

x , o r P M i s s u b j ect t o B A R T :

1 ) V IS T A S p l an s t o u s e Q / d as a p res u mp t i v e i n d i cat o r t h at a s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o B A R T

. If Q / d

fo r S O 2 > 1 0 fo r 2 0 0 2 a ct u al e mi s s i o n s , t h en t h e St at e p res u mes t h at t h e s o u rc e i s s u b j ect t o

B A R T

. I f t h e s o u r ce ag re es w i t h t h i s p res u mp t i o n , t h en n o ex e mp t i o n mo d el i n g i s r eq u i red

an d t h e s o u rc e c an p ro ceed t o t h e B A R T d et er mi n at i o n u s i n g CA L P U F F t o ev al u at e i mp a ct s

o f co n t ro l o p t i o n s an d c an p e rfo r m t h e en g i n eeri n g an al y s es

. If a s o u rce d i s ag rees , t h e s o u rceV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 5 ma y p erfo r m fi n e g ri d mo d el i n g as d es cri b ed i n S ect i o n 4

. 4 t o d et er mi n e i f i t s i mp act i s < 0

. 5

d v

.

F i g ur e 4

- 1

. F l o w c ha rt s ho w i ng th e co m po nen ts o f t he V I ST A S co m m o n m o d el i ng p ro to co l

. A s s es s m e nt s ho ul d b e m a de fo r ea c h C l a s s I A rea

. (I f a s o u rce a g re es to i ns ta l l th e m o s t s tri ng en t

co ntro l s the n the m o d el i ng s t eps i ndi ca t ed a bo v e a n d e ng i ne eri ng a na l y s es a n d v i s i bi l i ty i m pa c t

m o del i ng w o ul d no t be r equi red

. )

2 ) A n o p t i o n al i n i t i al mo d el i n g as s es s men t u s i n g t h e C A L P U FF mo d el w i t h t h e co ars e s cal e 1 2

- k m reg i o n al V IS T A S d o mai n can b e u s ed t o an s w er q u es t i o n s w h et h er (a) a p a rt i cu l ar s o u rce

may b e ex e mp t ed fro m fu rt h e r B A R T an al y s es an d (b ) i f fi n er g ri d CA L P U FF an al y s i s w ere

t o b e u n d ert ak en , w h i ch Cl as s I areas s h o u l d b e i n cl u d ed

. A s s u mp t i o n s fo r t h e i n i t i al

mo d el i n g as s es s men t are co n s erv at i v e s o t h at a s o u rce t h at co n t ri b u t es t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t

i s n o t ex emp t ed i n er ro r. If a s o u rc e i s s h o w n n o t t o c o n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t u s i n g

t h e i n i t i al mo d el i n g as s es s men t

, t h e s o u rce w o u l d n o t b e s u b j ect t o BA R T an d w o u l d b e

ex emp t ed f ro m fu rt h er B A R T an al y s es

. If a s o u rc e i s s h o w n t o co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y
i mp ai rm en t u s i n g t h e i n i t i al mo d el i n g as s es s men t

, t h e s o u rce h as t h e o p t i o n t o u n d ert ak e fi n er

g ri d C A L P U FF mo d el i n g t o ev al u at e fu rt h er w h et h er i t i s s u b j ect t o B A R T

.

3 ) A fi n e r g ri d C A L P U F F mo d el i n g an al y s i s u s i n g a s u b reg i o n al C A L M E T d o mai n w i l l b e t h e
d efi n i t i v e t es t as t o w h et h e r a s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o B A R T

.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 6 Fo r l arg e s o u rc es t h at w i l l cl earl y ex ce ed t h e i n i t i al s cr een i n g t h res h o l d s , t h i s s t ep c an b e s k i p p ed

an d t h e an al y s i s may p ro ce ed d i rect l y t o t h e fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g an al y s i s , w h i ch i s d es cri b ed i n
Sect i o n 4

. 4

.

4

. 1

. 2 B AR T Co nt r o l Eva l ua t i o n

Fo r s o u rces t h at ar e d et er mi n ed t o b e s u b j ect t o B A R T co n t ro l s , p art o f t h e B A R T rev i e w p ro ces s
i n v o l v es ev al u at i n g t h e v i s i b i l i t y b en efi t s o f d i fferen t BA R T co n t ro l meas u r es

. T h es e b en efi t s

w i l l b e d et ermi n ed b y m ak i n g ad d i t i o n al C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n s u s i n g t h e s ame C A L M E T an d

C A L P U FF co n fi g u r at i o n as t h o s e u s ed i n t h e fi n er g ri d an a l y s i s o f St ep 2

. T h e o n l y ex cep t i o n i s

t h at t h e s o u rce an d e mi s s i o n s d at a u s ed i n t h e C A L P U F F co n t ro l ev al u at i o n s i mu l at i o n s w i l l

refl ect t h e B A R T co n t ro l m eas u res b ei n g ev al u at ed

. U s i n g t h e s a me mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n w i l l

p ro d u ce an “ap p l es

- t o

- ap p l es ” co m p a ri s o n , w h e re d i fferen c es i n i mp act s are d u e t o t h e
effe ct i v en es s o f t h e co n t ro l s rat h er t h an mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n d i fferen ces

. Fo r ex a mp l e, a co n t ro l

s cen ari o ev al u at i o n t h at u s es mo re co n s erv at i v e as s u mp t i o n s t h an t h e b as e cas e s i mu l at i o n may

p ro d u ce re s u l t s s h o w i n g n o o r l i t t l e i mp ro v emen t i n v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s

. T h at co n t ro l s c en ari o ru n

w i t h t h e s ame mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n as t h e b as e cas e ma y s h o w s i g n i fi can t v i s i b i l i t y i mp ro v emen t

. T h e refo r e, i n o rd er t o n o t o b s cu re t h e res p o n s e t o p red i ct ed v i s i b i l i t y i mp ro v emen t s b y
d i fferen c es i n t h e mo d el i n g ap p ro ach

, t h e s ame mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n s h o u l d b e u s ed i n t h e BA R T

co n t ro l ev al u at i o n s i mu l at i o n as i n t h e b as e cas e s i mu l a t i o n

.

T h e b as e c as e t o w h i ch t h e e ffe ct i v en es s o f B A R T c o n t ro l s i s t o b e co mp ared i s t h e “ cu rr en t

emi s s i o n s ” s cen ari o fo r w h i ch t h e fi n er g ri d St ep 2 mo d el i n g w as p e rfo r med

. T h e p o s t p ro ces s i n g

s t ep s an d p ro ced u r es ar e t h e s a me as i n t h e B A R T el i g i b i l i t y s i mu l at i o n

. Si d e

- b y

- s i d e

co mp ari s o n o f t h e v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s w i l l b e t ab u l at ed t o q u an t i fy t h e effect i v en es s o f e ach co n t ro l

s cen ari o r el at i v e t o t h e b as e cas e

.

T h e mo d el i n g ev al u at i o n i s a u n i t

- b y

- u n i t ev al u at i o n a n d can b e co n d u ct ed o n a p o l l u t an t s p eci fi c
b as i s

. Mo d el i n g res u l t s are u s ed w i t h t h e o t h er fo u r s t at u t o ry fact o rs men t i o n ed i n Sect i o n 2

. 1 t o
d eci d e w h i ch co n t ro l t ech n o l o g y , i f an y , i s ap p ro p ri at e. Fi n al l y , i f a s o u rce d e ci d es t o u s e t h e

mo s t s t ri n g en t co n t ro l t ech n o l o g y av ai l ab l e, t h e BA R T co n t ro l an al y s i s , i n cl u d i n g mo d el i n g , i s

n o t n eces s ary

.

4

. 1

. 3 VI S T AS ’ T r ea t ment o f V O C, N H

3 , a nd P M

Vo l a t

i l

e O r g a ni c Co mp o u nd s

C A L P U FF i s cu rr en t l y n o t reco m men d ed fo r ad d res s i n g v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s fro m V O C b e cau s e i t s

cap ab i l i t y t o s i mu l at e s e co n d ary o rg an i c a ero s o l fo r mat i o n fro m V O C e mi s s i o n s i s n o t ad eq u at el y

t es t ed

, es p eci al l y fo r an t h ro p o g en i c e mi s s i o n s

. (Sep a rat el y , co n d en s ab l e o rg an i c carb o n c an b e
cal cu l at ed f ro m P M 1 0

. )

V I S T A S h as p e rfo r med a w ei g h t o f ev i d en ce an al y s i s t o d emo n s t rat e, u s i n g t h e CM A Q r eg i o n al

ai r q u al i t y mo d el

, t h at t h e co mb i n ed V O C emi s s i o n s fro m al l p o i n t s o u r ces (BA R T

- el i g i b l e an d

n o n

- B A R T ) i n e ach St at e d o n o t co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t

. E mi s s i o n s s en s i t i v i t yV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 7 s i mu l at i o n s ru n fo r V IS T A S b y G eo rg i a In s t i t u t e o f T e ch n o l o g y u s i n g V IS T A S’ 1 2 x 1 2 k m g ri d

an d C M A Q v 4

. 3 fo r ep i s o d es i n J u l y 2 0 0 1 an d J an u ary 2 0 0 2 d emo n s t rat ed v ery l o w t o n o

res p o n s e o f o rg an i c carb o n l ev el s an d l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n a t Cl as s I areas t o ch an g i n g V O C e mi s s i o n s
fro m al l an t h ro p o g en i c s o u rces i n t h e V IS T A S 1 2

- k m mo d el i n g d o mai n (eas t e rn U S)

. G eo rg i a

T e ch rep e at ed t h e s en s i t i v i t y an al y s es u s i n g t h e V IS T A S 1 2

- k m d o mai n an d C M A Q v 4

. 4 w i t h a
refi n ed S O A mo d u l e fo r s u m me r (J u n 1

- J u l 1 0 ) an d w i n t er ( N o v 1 9

- D ec 1 9 ) p eri o d s i n 2 0 0 2

. V O C e mi s s i o n s fro m al l an t h ro p o g en i c p o i n t s o u rces i n ev ery V I S T A S St at e w er e r ed u ced b y
1 0 0 % (i

. e. , el i mi n at ed )

. T h e max i mu m 2 4

- h r i mp act o f al l V O C e mi s s i o n s fro m al l p o i n t s o u rces

t h ro u g h o u t t h e V IS T A S d o mai n w as t h u s d et ermi n ed t o b e l es s t h an 0

. 5 d v (co mp ared t o an n u al

av erag e n at u ral b ack g ro u n d ) at ev e ry Cl as s I ar ea i n t h e V IS T A S d o mai n an d i n ad j acen t St at es

. It fo l l o w s t h at t h e i mp act o f an y o n e BA R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce w o u l d b e mu ch l es s t h an 0

. 5 d v

. Bas ed o n t h es e an al y s es , t h e V IS T A S St at es h av e co n cl u d ed t h at V O C e mi s s i o n s fro m B A R T

s o u rces d o n o t cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t an d d o n o t n eed t o b e i n cl u d ed i n

B A R T an al y s es

.

Am mo ni a

E P A h as g i v en s t at es t h e o p t i o n t o ad d res s ammo n i a (N H 3 ) emi s s i o n s fro m B A R T

- el i g i b l e

s o u rces

. V I S T A S al s o co n t ract ed w i t h G eo rg i a T ec h t o cal cu l at e N H 3 emi s s i o n s s en s i t i v i t i es

u s i n g CM A Q v 4

. 4 w i t h a re fi n ed S O A mo d u l e an d t h e s ame J u n

- J u l an d N o v

- D e c p eri o d s i n
2 0 0 2 t h at w ere u s ed fo r t h e V O C s en s i t i v i t y ev al u a t i o n

. T h e N H 3 e mi s s i o n s fro m al l p o i n t

s o u rces (B A R T

- el i g i b l e an d n o t

- BA R T ) i n ev ery St at e w e re red u c ed b y 1 0 0 % fo r t h es e an al y s es

. T h i s s en s i t i v i t y ev al u at i o n s h o w ed t h at t h e co l l ect i v e i mp act o f al l V I S T A S reg i o n p o i n t N H 3 emi s s i o n s i s g reat er t h an 0

. 5 d v (co mp ared t o an n u al av erag e n at u ral b ack g ro u n d ) at s ev eral Cl as s

I areas

. W h en t h e N H 3 emi s s i o n s w er e s cal ed t o rep re s en t 1 0 0 % red u ct i o n fro m o n l y t h e BA R T

el i g i b l e s o u rces i n each St at e , t h en t h e m ax i mu m i m p act o f t h o s e s o u rces w as u n d er 0

. 5 d v at

mo s t

, b u t n o t al l Cl as s I ar eas

. T h e h i g h v al u es ap p e ar t o res u l t p ri mari l y fro m e mi s s i o n s fro m 1 3

l arg e N H 3 s o u rces

. In t h e ab s en ce o f t h o s e 1 3 f ac i l i t i es , t h e s cal ed N H 3 e mi s s i o n s p eak i mp a ct s at

Cl as s I a reas w er e 0

. 3 d v o r l es s

. Bas ed o n t h es e an al y s es , t h e V I S T A S St at es reco m men d ed t h at

,

ex cep t fo r t h es e 1 3 faci l i t i es , N H 3 emi s s i o n s n o t b e i n cl u d ed i n BA R T mo d el i n g

. St at es w i l l

p ro v i d e i n s t ru ct i o n s t o t h o s e 1 3 s o u rces as t o h o w t o ev al u at e co n t ri b u t i o n s o f t h ei r N H 3 emi s s i o n s t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t

. Fo r d o cu men t at i o n p u rp o s es , i n s u mm er 2 0 0 6 V IS T A S i s

rep eat i n g t h e N H 3 emi s s i o n s s en s i t i v i t y cal cu l at i o n s , u s i n g CMA Q v 4

. 5 w i t h Bas e F e mi s s i o n s

an d red u ci n g 1 0 0 % o f N H 3 e mi s s i o n s fro m o n l y t h e B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces i n t h e V IS T A S s t at es

.

P

r i ma r y P a r t i cul a t

e Ma t t er

Pri ma ry p art i cu l at e mat t er i s co n s i d ered a v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai ri n g p o l l u t an t

. H o w ev er , t h e ex t en t t o

w h i ch p ri m ary P M fro m B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces co n t ri b u t es t o i mp ai rmen t at Cl as s I areas i n t h e

s o u t h eas t ern U S i s n o t cl ea r. Fo r E G U s , t h e E P A h a s d et er mi n ed t h at e mi s s i o n s red u ct i o n s o f

S O 2 an d N O

x u n d er t h e CA I R ru l e meet t h e B A R T r eq u i remen t s , b u t t h es e E G U s may s t i l l b e

s u b j ect t o BA R T f o r p ri ma ry P M. T o d et ermi n e t h e p o t en t i al i mp act s o f P M fro m E G U an d n o n

E G U s o u rc es i n t h e V I S T A S s t at es , t w o C M A Q s en s i t i v i t y ru n s fo r t h e fi rs t an d t h i rd q u art ers o f

2 0 0 2 w er e ca rri ed o u t b y V I S T A S’ C M A Q mo d el i n g t eam o f E N V IR O N

, U C R, an d A l p i n eV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 8 G eo p h y s i cs In o n e ru n , al l p ri mary P M fro m E G U s w as re mo v ed w h i l e i n t h e o t h er ru n al l

p ri mary P M f ro m n o n

- E G U s o u rc es w as re mo v ed

. A l l o t h er CM A Q mo d el i n g co mp o n en t s w ere
h el d co n s t an t

. A t al mo s t al l Cl as s I are as i n t h e V I S T A S reg i o n , p ri mary P M e mi s s i o n s

co n t ri b u t e t o reg i o n al h a ze, w i t h t h e co l l ect i v e i mp act o f al l E G U an d n o n

- E G U p o i n t p ri mary

PM e mi s s i o n s b ei n g g reat er t h an 0

. 5 d v co mp ared t o a n n u al av erag e n at u r al b ack g ro u n d

. In fact

, t h e i mp act s o f E G U P M e mi s s i o n s al o n e o r o f n o n

- E G U PM emi s s i o n s al o n e w ere e ach mo s t l y

g reat er t h an 0

. 5 d v

. A l t h o u g h t h e i mp act s o f BA R T s o u rces al o n e w o u l d b e s mal l er , t h e V I S T A S

St at es h av e co n cl u d ed t h at al l B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces n eed t o co n s i d er t h e i mp act s o f t h ei r PM

emi s s i o n s

.



### 4. 2 O p t i on a l S o u r c e

- S p e c i f i c M od e l i n g

I n s o me ci r cu ms t an c es , a s o u rc e may w an t t o ap p l y t e ch n i q u es d es i g n ed t o ev al u at e t h e i mp act s
i n a mo re d et ai l ed w ay t h an t h e s t an d a rd V I S T A S c o mmo n p ro t o co l

. A s o u rc e may p ro p o s e

s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro ced u r es t o ad d res s s p eci a l i s s u es t o t h e St at e f o r St at e rev i e w

. Fo r

ex amp l e , s o u rc es v e ry cl o s e t o Cl as s I are as m ay b e b et t er t re at ed b y a fi n e r g ri d res o l u t i o n t h at

t h e g en eri c St ep 2 “fi n e ” g ri d res o l u t i o n met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s p ro v i d ed b y V IS T A S. In s o me

s i t u at i o n s , h i g h er res o l u t i o n MM5 o r o t h er p ro g n o s t i c met eo ro l o g i cal d at as et s m ay b e av ai l ab l e

t h an t h e s t an d ard 1 2

- k m o r 3 6

- k m MM5 d at as et s p ro v i d ed b y V IS T A S

. Bec au s e i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e

t o an t i ci p at e al l o f t h e s i t u at i o n s w h ere t h ere w o u l d b e a b en efi t t o co n d u ct i n g mo re d et ai l ed

s o u rce

- s p eci fi c an al y s es , t h e o p t i o n t o p u rs u e t h i s o p t i o n i s l eft as an o p en i s s u e, t o b e r es o l v ed

an d j u s t i fi ed b as ed o n s p e ci fi c fact o rs rel ev an t fo r t h e s o u rce i n q u es t i o n

.

A s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l i s req u i red fo r each s o u rce. T h i s d o cu m en t s h o u l d d es cri b e

t h e d at a s o u rces an d mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n , an d p ro v i d e rat i o n al e fo r an y ch an g es i n t h e mo d el

ap p ro ach fro m t h e co mmo n p ro t o co l

. T h i s s o u rce

- s p e ci fi c p ro t o co l mu s t b e p ro v i d ed fo r rev i ew

an d ap p ro v al b y t h e St at e

. T h e St at e w i l l s h are t h e p ro t o co l w i t h E P A an d t h e Fed e ral L an d

Man ag ers fo r t h ei r rev i e w

. D i s cu s s i o n o f ap p ro ach es t o s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g an d an o u t l i n e

o f t h e t y p i cal co n t en t s o f t h e s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l are p res en t ed i n Ch ap t er 5

. D i s cu s s i o n s

w i t h t h e reg u l at o ry au t h o ri t i es s h o u l d b e co n d u ct ed p ri o r t o d ev el o p men t o f a s o u rce

- s p e ci fi c

p ro t o co l t o en s u re al l o f t h e rel ev an t i s s u es ar e i n cl u d ed i n t h e p ro t o co l

.



### 4. 3 I n i t i al P r oc e d u r e f or B A R T E xe m p t i on

4

. 3

. 1 O ver vi ew o f I ni t i a l Ap p r o a ch

T h e fi rs t s t ep i n t h e co m mo n p ro t o co l

, t h e i n i t i al as s es s men t i n Fi g u re 4

- 1

, i s a s i mp l e p ro c ed u re

t o ev al u at e w h et h er a s o u rc e can b e ex emp t ed fro m B A R T co n t ro l s u s i n g a co n s i s t en t s et o f

met eo ro l o g i cal an d d i s p ers i o n o p t i o n s

. A p re

- co mp u t ed s et o f met eo ro l o g i cal fi l es an d a p re

d efi n ed C A L P U FF i n p u t o p t i o n co n fi g u rat i o n , b as ed o n g u i d an ce i n t h e fi n al BA R T ru l e (7 0 FR

3 9 1 0 4

- 3 9 1 7 2 ) an d o t h er E P A an d F L A G mo d el g u i d an ce, w i l l al l o w rel at i v el y s i mp l e i n i t i al

s i mu l at i o n s

. T h e reg i o n al i n i t i al d o mai n i s d es i g n ed t o al l o w an y Cl as s I a reas w i t h i n t h e
V I S T A S are a t o b e ev al u at ed w i t h a s i n g l e met eo ro l o g i cal d at ab as e an d co n s i s t en t CA L P U F F

mo d el i n g o p t i o n s

. T h e s eco n d i mp o rt an t q u es t i o n t h at t h i s fi rs t s creen i n g s t ep w i l l an s w er i s , i fV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 3 9 i n i t i al mo d el i n g i n d i cat es a s o u rce may i mp act v i s i b i l i t y s i g n i fi can t l y , w h at Cl as s I areas s h o u l d

b e i n cl u d ed i n a fi n er g ri d an al y s i s ? D u e t o t h e mu l t i t u d e o f fa ct o rs aff ect i n g t h e co n t ri b u t i o n o f a

s o u rce t o v i s i b i l i t y i n a Cl as s I area , s i mp l e s cr een s o r ru l es o f t h u mb al o n e (s u ch as t h at t h e
cl o s es t Cl as s I are a w i l l p r o d u ce t h e co n t ro l l i n g v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s ) are n o t l i k el y t o b e u n i v ers al l y
rel i ab l e.

4

. 3

. 2 D i s cus s i o n o f 1 2

- k m I ni t i a l Ex e mp t i o n Mo d el

i n g

Met eo r o l o

g i ca l Fi el d

s

A reg i o n al i n i t i al d o mai n an d a s et o f p re

- co mp u t ed re g i o n al CA L M E T met eo ro l o g i cal fi l es w i l l

b e p rep ared fo r V IS T A S, t o al l o w an y Cl as s I areas w i t h i n t h e V IS T A S are a t o b e ev al u at ed w i t h

a co n s i s t en t m et eo ro l o g i cal d at ab as e an d co n s i s t en t C A L P U F F mo d el i n g o p t i o n s

.

T h e fo l l o w i n g t h ree y ears o f M M5 met eo ro l o g i cal d at a h av e b een as s emb l ed b y V IS T A S fo r u s e
i n t h e reg i o n al C A L P U FF mo d el i n g effo rt :

- 2 0 0 1 M M5 d at as et at 1 2 k m an d 3 6 k m g ri d (d ev el o p ed fo r E P A )

- 2 0 0 2 M M5 d at as et at 1 2 k m an d 3 6 k m g ri d (d ev el o p ed b y V I S T A S )

- 2 0 0 3 MM5 d at as et at 3 6 k m g ri d (d ev el o p ed b y t h e Mi d w es t R eg i o n al Pl an n i n g
O rg an i zat i o n ).

T h es e d at a s et s h av e b een p ro v i d ed t o E art h T ech b y V IS T A S

, an d fro m t h em E a rt h T e ch h as

p ro d u ced an n u al C A L M E T met eo ro l o g i cal fi l es at 1 2

- k m g ri d res o l u t i o n fo r t h e d o mai n s h o w n i n
Fi g u re 4

- 2

. T h e C A L M E T mo d el i n g o u t p u t fi l es i n t h e fo rm o f CA L P U F F

- r ead y t h ree

d i men s i o n al met eo ro l o g i cal fi l es w i l l b e av ai l ab l e o n e x t ern al h ard d ri v es t o t h e St at es an d o t h er

p art i es

.

T h e i n i t i al p ro ced u re t o d et ermi n e i f a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce i s s u b j ect t o BA R T u s es t h e p re

co mp u t ed C A L M E T m et eo ro l o g i cal f i el d s fo r t h e y ears 2 0 0 1

- 2 0 0 3 o n t h e 1 2

- k m CA L M E T

d o mai n i n Fi g u re 4

- 2 an d s i mu l at es w i t h C A L P U FF an y B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce t o b e s creen ed

. T h e C A L M E T s i mu l at i o n s w i l l b e d ev el o p ed u s i n g t h e h i g h es t res o l u t i o n MM5 d at a av ai l ab l e fo r
each y ear (i

. e

. , 3 6

- k m MM5 d at a fo r 2 0 0 3

, 1 2

- k m M M 5 d at a fo r 2 0 0 1 an d 2 0 0 2 ).

T h e d ev el o p men t o f t h e reg i o n al C A L M E T m et eo r o l o g i cal fi el d s fro m M M5 d at a w i l l b e

co n d u ct ed i n N o

- O b s e rv at i o n s (“ N o

- O b s ” ) mo d e. T h e M M5 d at a al r ead y r efl e ct as s i mi l at i o n o f

o b s erv at i o n al d at a an d are l i k el y t o ad eq u at el y ch aract eri z e reg i o n al w i n d p at t ern s t h at are

co n s i s t en t w i t h t h e 1 2

- k m g ri d s cal e. Bl en d i n g o f M M5 d at a w i t h l o cal o b s erv at i o n s ( w h i ch are
mai n l y at t h e s u rface) co u l d l ead t o w i n d s t ru ct u re s t h at may n o t b e real i s t i c u n d er s o me

co n d i t i o n s an d may res u l t i n p o o rer ch aract eri zat i o n o f t h e reg i o n al w i n d s

. T h u s , t h e effo rt

req u i red t o p rep a re o b s erv at i o n al d at a s et s fo r C A L M E T fo r t h e l arg e reg i o n al d o mai n i n v o l v es

co n s i d erab l e e ffo rt t h at may n o t p ro v i d e co rres p o n d i n g i mp ro v em en t o f t h e w i n d fi el d

.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 0 F i g ur e 4

- 2

. V I S T A S R eg i o na l 1 2

- k m R es o l uti o n C A L M E T M o del i ng D o m a i n (co l o r a rea w i th

terra i n co nto u rs ). The l o ca ti o ns o f t he 3 6

- k m r es o l u ti o n M M 5 g ri d po i n ts a re s ho w n o n t he pl o t.

Fo r 2 0 0 3

, t h e 3 6

- k m M M5 d at a w i l l b e u s ed as C A L M E T ’s i n i t i al g u es s fi el d an d t h en t h e
C A L M E T d i ag n o s t i c t errai n ad j u s t men t s (s ee Se ct i o n 3

. 1

. 1 ) w i l l b e ap p l i ed t o refl e ct t err ai n o n

t h e s cal e o f t h e CA L ME T g ri d (i

. e

. , 1 2

- k m ). W h en t h e 1 2

- k m M M5 (2 0 0 1 an d 2 0 0 2 ) d at a are

u s ed

, t h e d i ag n o s t i c C A L M E T t er rai n ad j u s t m en t s w i l l b e t u rn ed o ff s i n c e t h e g ri d res o l u t i o n o f

t h e MM5 d at a i s t h e s am e as t h e C A L M E T g ri d an d t h e t errai n ad j u s t men t s o n t h e 1 2

- k m g ri d

s cal e w i l l al read y b e refl e ct ed i n t h e MM5 d at as et

. In t h i s cas e, t h e MM5 w i n d s w i l l b e
i n t erp o l at ed b y CA L M E T t o t h e C A L M E T l ay ers an d C A L M E T ’s b o u n d ary l ay er mo d u l es w i l l

co mp u t e mi x i n g h ei g h t s , t u rb u l en ce p a ra met ers an d o t h er met eo ro l o g i cal p ara met ers t h at a re

req u i red b y C A L P U F F.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 1 I

mp a ct T hr es ho l d

T h e fi n al B A R T g u i d an ce reco mm en d s t h at t h e t h r es h o l d v al u e t o d efi n e w h et h er a s o u rc e
“co n t ri b u t es ” t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i s 0

. 5 d v ch an g e fro m n at u r al co n d i t i o n s 1 4 (al t h o u g h St at es

may s et a l o w er t h res h o l d ). T h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e (8 t h h i g h es t an n u al ) 2 4

- h r av erag e p r ed i ct ed

i mp act at t h e Cl as s I are a, as c al cu l at ed u s i n g C A L P O S T Met h o d 6 ( mo n t h l y av er ag e rel at i v e
h u mi d i t y v al u es ), i s t o b e co mp ar ed t o t h i s co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d v al u e. Fo r t h i s co mp ari s o n , t h e

p red i ct ed i mp a ct at t h e Cl as s I ar ea o n an y d ay i s t ak e n t o b e t h e h i g h es t 2 4

- h r av er ag e i mp act at

an y recep t o r i n t h e Cl as s I a rea o n t h at d ay

. ( N o t e t h at t h e recep t o r w h er e t h e h i g h es t i mp act

o ccu rs c an ch an g e f ro m d ay t o d ay

. ) A cco rd i n g t o cl a ri fi cat i o n o f t h e B A R T g u i d an ce re cei v ed

fro m E P A

, fo r a t h ree

- y ear s i mu l at i o n t h e mo d el i n g v al u es t o b e co mp ared w i t h t h e t h res h o l d are

t h e g reat es t o f t h e t h ree an n u al 8 t h h i g h es t v al u es o r t h e 2 2 n d h i g h es t v al u e o v er al l t h ree y ears

co mb i n ed

, w h i ch ev er i s g re at er

.

Fo r t h e p u rp o s es o f t h e i n i t i al an al y s i s , h o w ev er , t h e h i g h es t va l u e o v er t h e t h re e

- y ea r p e ri o d (n o t

t h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e v al u e) i s t o b e co mp ared t o t h e co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d

. T h i s en s u res a

s i g n i fi can t meas u re o f co n s erv at i s m i n t h e i n i t i al ap p ro ach

. V IS T A S w i l l ev al u at e t h e i n i t i al

C A L P U FF res u l t s t o d et ermi n e i f u s i n g t h e s i n g l e h i g h es t v al u e p ro v i d es t o o co n s erv at i v e a

s creen fo r ex e mp t i o n p u rp o s es

. If s o , V IS T A S may i n creas e t h e n u mb er o f ex c eed an ces o f t h e

co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d t h at w o u l d b e al l o w ed an d s t i l l q u al i fy t o ex e mp t a s o u rce

.

4

. 3

. 3 Mo d el Co nfi g ur a t i o n a nd S et t i ng s fo r I ni t i a l A na l ys i s

V I S T A S w i l l u s e C A L P U FF V ers i o n 5

. 7 5 4 an d CA L M E T V ers i o n 5

. 7

. T h es e v ers i o n s co n t ai n

en h an ce men t s fu n d ed b y t h e Mi n eral s Man ag em en t S erv i ce ( MM S) an d V I S T A S

. T h ey w e re
d ev el o p ed b y E art h T ech

, In c

. an d t h ey a re mai n t ai n ed o n t h e C A L P U F F w eb s i t e ( w w w

. s rc. co m )

fo r p u b l i c acces s

. T h i s v ers i o n i n cl u d es CA L M E T

, CA L P U FF, C A L P O S T

, C A L S U M

, an d

P O S T U T I L as w el l as C A L V I E W

.

T h e i n i t i al an al y s i s u s es a CA L P U F F co mp u t at i o n al d o mai n t h at i n cl u d es al l Cl as s I areas w i t h i n
3 0 0 k m o f a s o u rce. T h es e Cl as s I are as are s p eci fi ed i n t h e CA L P U FF co n t ro l fi l e fo r an al y s i s

. St at es co u l d d e ci d e t o req u i re a d i f fer en t v al u e fo r t h e max i mu m d i s t an ce t h r es h o l d fo r t h e
C A L P U FF d o mai n , d ep en d i n g o n t h e l o cat i o n s o f t h e Cl as s I areas i n t h ei r s t at es an d o t h er
fact o rs s u ch as met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s an d t h e m ag n i t u d es o f t h e emi s s i o n s fro m B A R T

el i g i b l e s o u rces

. T h e r eg i o n al C A L M E T d o mai n w i l l b e u n ch an g ed b y t h es e ad j u s t men t s

.

A l s o , t h e i n i t i al ap p ro ach i s d es i g n ed t o s i g n i fi can t l y red u ce t h e C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n t i me b y

res t ri ct i n g t h e C A L P U F F co mp u t at i o n al d o mai n s i ze t o i n cl u d e o n l y areas w h er e s i g n i fi can t

i mp act s a re feas i b l e r at h er t h an t h e en t i re r eg i o n al d o mai n

. C A L P U FF al l o w s i t s co mp u t at i o n al

d o mai n t o b e s p eci fi ed as a s u b s et o f t h e CA L M E T m e t eo ro l o g i cal d o mai n b y s et t i n g s w i t h i n t h e

1 4 A s d e s c r i b e d i n F o o t n o t e 5 o n p a g e 6

, S t a t e s h a v e t h e o p t i o n o f d e f i n i n g n a t u r a l c o n d i t i o n s a s e i t h e r t h e a n n u a l

a v e r a g e d e f a u l t c o n d i t i o n s o r t h e a v e r a g e o f t h e 2 0 % b e s t n a t u r a l c o n d i t i o n d a y s

.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 2 C A L P U FF i n p u t fi l e. T h e ad v an t ag e o f s el e ct i n g a s mal l er C A L P U FF co mp u t at i o n al d o mai n i n

t h e reg i o n al C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n s i s t h at CA L P U F F ru n t i me i s p ro p o rt i o n al t o t h e n u mb er an d

res i d en ce t i m e o f t h e p u ffs o n t h e d o mai n (an d o t h er f act o rs s u ch as t h e n u mb er o f re cep t o rs an d

t h e i n t ern al t i me s t ep co mp u t ed b y t h e mo d el )

. A C A L P U F F d o m ai n co v e ri n g an a rea 3 0 0 k m
fro m a s o u rce i n al l d i rect i o n s w o u l d i n v o l v e o n l y 5 0 x 5 0 1 2

- k m g ri d c el l s , w h i ch w i l l req u i re

mo d es t co mp u t at i o n al res o u rc es

.

C A L M E T o u t p u t fi l es fo r t h e V IS T A S reg i o n al d o m ai n s h o w n i n Fi g u re 4

- 2 w i l l b e p ro v i d ed t o

V I S T A S b y E art h T ech

. T h es e fi l es w i l l b e i n C A L P U F F

- r ead y fo rm at

, an d as s u ch

, n o
C A L M E T u s er i n p u t s w i l l b e r eq u i red

. A n o p t i o n i n CA L M E T al l o w s fi n er g ri d C A L M E T i n p u t

fi l es t o b e cal cu l at ed fro m t h e 1 2

- k m C A L M E T fi l es

.

T h e b as i c ch a ract e ri s t i cs o f t h e C A L M E T

, C A L P U FF an d C A L P O S T co n fi g u rat i o n s fo r t h e
i n i t i al an al y s es are l i s t ed b el o w

.

CA L ME T Mo d el

i ng Co nfi g ur a t i o n (1 2

- k m i ni t i a l ex e mp t i o n mo d el

i ng )

T h e C A L M E T mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n fo r t h e reg i o n al C A L M E T s i mu l at i o n s w i l l b e d e fi n ed b y

E a rt h T e ch i n co l l ab o rat i o n w i t h t h e V IS T A S St at es

. T h e b as i c mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n w i l l fo l l o w

t h e reco m men d ed I W A Q M g u i d an c e ( E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ; P ag es A

- 1 t h ro u g h A

- 6 )

, ex cep t as n o t ed

b el o w

.

T h e b as i c feat u r es o f t h e mo d el i n g s i mu l at i o n are t h e f o l l o w i n g :

- Mo d el i n g p eri o d : 3 y ears (2 0 0 1

- 2 0 0 3 )

- M et eo ro l o g i cal i n p u t s : MM5 d at a p ro v i d e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d s i n C A L M E T

- C A L M E T g ri d r es o l u t i o n : 1 2

- k m (s ame L a mb ert C o n fo rmal co o rd i n at e s y s t em an d g ri d

cel l s as t h e 1 2

- k m 2 0 0 1 / 2 0 0 2 M M5 s i mu l at i o n s )

- C A L M E T v e rt i cal l ay ers : 1 0 l ay ers

. C el l fac e h ei g h t s (met ers ): 0

, 2 0

, 4 0

, 8 0

, 1 6 0

, 3 2 0

, 6 4 0

, 1 2 0 0

, 2 0 0 0

, 3 0 0 0

, 4 0 0 0

.

- C A L M E T mo d e: N o

- O b s erv at i o n s mo d e i n cl u d i n g o p t i o n t o read o v erw at er d at a d i r ect l y
fro m M M5

.

- D i ag n o s t i c o p t i o n s : IW A Q M d e fau l t v al u es , ex cep t as fo l l o w s : d i ag n o s t i c t errai n
b l o ck i n g an d s l o p e fl o w al g o ri t h ms u s ed fo r 2 0 0 3 s i mu l at i o n s (u s i n g 3 6

- k m MM5 d at a)

, b u t

n o d i ag n o s t i c t errai n ad j u s t m en t s i n 2 0 0 1 an d 2 0 0 2 s i m u l at i o n (u s i n g 1 2

- k m MM5 d at a)

- C A L M E T o p t i o n s d eal i n g w i t h rad i u s o f i n fl u en ce p aram et ers (R1

, R2

, RM A X 1

, R M A X 2

, RM A X 3 ), BI A S, I C A L M p a ra met ers are n o t u s ed i n N o

- O b s e rv at i o n s mo d e

.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 3 - T E R R A D (t er rai n s cal e) i s req u i red fo r ru n s w i t h d i ag n o s t i c t errai n ad j u s t men t s (i

. e. , t h e

2 0 0 3 s i mu l at i o n s ). V al u es o f

~ 1 0

- 2 0 k m w i l l b e t es t ed

, an d an ap p ro p ri at e v al u e
d et ermi n ed

.

- L an d u s e d efi n i n g w at er: J W A T 1 = 5 5

, J W A T 2 = 5 5 (l arg e b o d i es o f w at e r). T h i s fe at u re
al l o w s t h e t e mp e rat u re fi el d o v er l arg e b o d i es o f w at e r s u ch as t h e A t l an t i c O ce an an d t h e
G r eat l ak es t o b e p ro p erl y ch ar act eri z ed b y b u o y o b s e r v at i o n s

.

- Mi x i n g h ei g h t av erag i n g p aramet e r ( M N M D A V ) w i l l b e d et ermi n ed b y E art h T ech fo r t h e

r eg i o n al s i mu l at i o n s b as ed o n s en s i t i v i t y t es t s

. T h e p u rp o s e o f t h e t es t i n g i s t o o p t i mi ze t h e

v ari ab l e t o al l o w s p at i al v ari ab i l i t y i n t h e mi x i n g h ei g h t fi el d

, b u t w i t h o u t ex c es s i v e n o i s e.

- G eo p h y s i cal d at a fo r r eg i o n al ru n s : SR T M

- G T O P O 3 0 3 0

- arcs e c t e rr ai n d at a, Co mp o s i t e

T h e me G ri d ( C T G ) U S G S 2 0 0 m l an d u s e d at as et

. Re f eren c es fo r t h es e an d o t h e r C A L M E T

d at as et s can b e fo u n d o n t h e C A L P U F F d at a p a g e o f t h e o ffi ci al C A L P U F F s i t e ( w w w

. s rc

. co m )

.

CA L P U FF Mo d el

i ng Co nfi g u r a t i o n (I ni t i a l ex e mp t i o n mo d el

i ng )

T h e C A L P U FF mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n fo r t h e reg i o n al CA L P U F F i n i t i al s i mu l at i o n s w i l l fo l l o w t h e

reco m men d ed I W A Q M g u i d an ce ( E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ; Pag es B

- 1 t h ro u g h B

- 8 ), ex cep t as n o t ed b el o w :

- C A L P U FF d o m ai n co n fi g u red t o i n cl u d e t h e s o u rce an d al l Cl as s I areas w i t h i n 3 0 0 k m o f

t h e s o u rce p l u s 5 0 k m b u ffe r zo n e i n ea ch d i rect i o n

. C A L P U FF i s r eco m men d ed fo r al l

s o u rce

- re cep t o r d i s t an c es t o b e co n s i d ered i n t h e B A R T an al y s es

.

- Ch emi c al m ech an i s m : M E S O P U FF II mo d u l e

- Sp eci es mo d el e d : S O 2 , S O 4 , N O

x , H N O 3 , N O 3 an d p art i cu l at e mat t er i n s i ze cat eg o ri es o f

< 0

. 6 2 5 μ m , 0

. 6 2 5

- 1

. 0 μ m , 1

. 0

- 1

. 2 5 μ m , 1

. 2 5

- 2

. 5 μ m , 2

. 5

- 6

. 0 μ m an d 6

- 1 0 μ m a ero d y n a mi c
d i amet ers

. A s n o t ed b el o w , t h e p art i cu l at e m at t er emi s s i o n s b y s i ze c at eg o ry w i l l b e

co mb i n ed i n t o t h e ap p ro p ri at e s p eci es fo r t h e v i s i b i l i t y an al y s i s (i

. e. , el e men t al carb o n ( E C ),

fi n e P M o r “s o i l ” ( < 2

. 5 μ m i n d i a met e r), co a rs e P M ( b et w e en 2

. 5

- 1 0 μ m i n d i am et er) an d

o rg an i cs (c al l ed s eco n d a ry o rg an i c a ero s o l s (S O A ) i n t h e C A L P O S T p o s t p ro ces s o r)

.

- E mi s s i o n rat es fo r mo d el i n g b as ed o n E P A B A R T g u i d an ce, i

. e

. , m ax i mu m 2 4

- h o u r act u al

emi s s i o n rat e w i t h n o r mal o p er at i o n s fro m t h e h i g h es t emi t t i n g d ay o f t h e met eo ro l o g i cal

p eri o d mo d el ed (ex cl u d i n g d ay s w h er e s t art

- u p , s h u t d o w n o r mal fu n ct i o n s o ccu rr ed

s o met i me d u ri n g t h e d ay

. ) N o t e t h at p o t en t i al emi s s i o n s are u s ed t o d et ermi n e i f a s o u rce i s

B A R T

- el i g i b l e, b u t 2 4

- h o u r av erag e max i mu m e mi s s i o n s are u s ed fo r mo d el i n g p u rp o s es (7 0 F R 3 9 1 6 2 ). Po l l u t an t s co n s i d ered i n cl u d e S O 2 , H 2 S O 4 , N O

x an d P M 1 0

.

Co n d e n s ab l e emi s s i o n s are co n s i d ered as p ri m ary f i n e p art i cu l at e mat t er an d al l o cat ed

eq u al l y t o t h e t w o s u b mi c ro m et er

- p a rt i cl e s i ze cl as s es

. If act u al s o u rc e emi s s i o n s d at a a re

n o t av ai l ab l e, t h e mo d el i n g s h o u l d b e b as ed o n p ermi t l i mi t s

. If s o u rce

- s p e ci fi c s i zeV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 4 cat eg o ri es a re n o t av ai l ab l e, t h en A P

- 4 2 fact o rs ma y b e u s ed fo r s o u rces w h er e A P

- 4 2

fact o rs are av ai l ab l e

. Fo r s o u rces w h er e A P

- 4 2 f act o rs are n o t av ai l ab l e, al t ern at i v e

ap p ro ach es t o s p eci at i o n a re g i v en b el o w

.

E x cl u d ed fro m t h e mo d el i n g are p o l l u t an t s w i t h p l an t

- w i d e e mi s s i o n s l es s t h an d e m i n i m i s
l ev el s (4 0 t o n s p er y ear fo r SO 2 an d N O

x an d 1 5 t o n s p er y ear fo r P M 1 0 ). D e m i n i m i s l ev el s

are p l an t w i d e fo r ea ch v i s i b i l i t y

- i mp ai ri n g p o l l u t an t

, s o i n d i v i d u al u n i t s may b e mo d el ed

ev en i f t h ey h av e e mi s s i o n s b el o w d e m i n i m i s i f t h e p l a n t t o t al i s g reat er t h an d e m i n i m i s

.

- Part i cu l at e e mi s s i o n s s p eci at i o n : Break d o w n , as ap p ro p ri at e, fi l t erab l e an d co n d en s ab l e

p art i cu l at e mat t e r i n t o t h e fo l l o w i n g s p eci es c at eg o ri es : el em en t al carb o n (s o o t ), “s o i l ” (fi n e

PM < 2

. 5 μ m d i am et er)

, co ars e p art i cu l at e m at t er (2

. 5

- 1 0 μ m d i am et er) an d o rg an i cs

. T h e

p ro ces s i s i l l u s t rat ed i n Fi g u re 4

- 3

. If s o u r ce

- s p e ci fi c s p eci at ed e mi s s i o n s fact o rs are n o t

av ai l ab l e, A P

- 4 2 fact o rs o r s p e ci at i o n i n fo rmat i o n d e v el o p ed b y t h e N at i o n al Pa rk Se rv i ce ( h t t p : / / w w w 2

. n at u re. n p s

. g o v / ai r/ p e rmi t s / ect / i n d ex

. cf m ) can b e u s ed t o es t i mat e t h e PM

s p eci at i o n fo r man y s o u r ce s ect o rs

.

F i g ur e 4

- 3

. S peci a ti o n o f P M

- 1 0 E m i s s i o ns

. ( P M C i s co a rs e pa rti c ul a te m a tt er

-- 2

. 5 to 1 0 μ m di a m ete r. ) P M

- 1 0

F i l t e r a b l e C o n d e n s a b l e

E C P M

- 2

. 5 P M C P M

(i n c l u d i n g

H 2 S O 4 )

As Pri m

. S O 4 ) O r g a n i c P M

( S O A )

E C S o i l P M C S O 4

f ( R H ) N o n

- S O 4 I n o r g a n i c O CV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 5 O t h er w i s e , as s u mp t i o n s w i l l n eed t o b e p ro p o s ed b y t h e s o u rce , an d rev i e w ed an d ap p ro v ed

b y t h e St at e. Po s s i b l e acc ep t ab l e al t ern at i v e ap p ro ach e s t o es t i mat i n g s p eci at i o n i n cl u d e t h e
fo l l o w i n g :

 Sp eci at i o n p ro fi l es d ev el o p ed b y t h e S M O K E e mi s s i o n s mo d el fo r u s e i n
V I S T A S ’ C M A Q reg i o n al ai r q u al i t y mo d el i n g (av ai l ab l e at h t t p : / / w w w

. v i s t as

s es arm

. o rg / B A R T / cal p u ff

. as p )

.

 T h e ap p ro ach d es cri b ed i n a m emo av ai l ab l e at h t t p : / / w w w

. v i s t as

s es arm

. o rg / B A R T / cal p u ff

. as p , w h i ch p ro v i d es reas o n a b l y co n s erv at i v e es t i mat es
i n s i t u at i o n s w h ere d at a are i n co mp l et e

.

- Cl as s I re cep t o rs : U s e F L M Cl as s I r ecep t o r l i s t w i t h re cep t o r el ev at i o n s p ro v i d ed (av ai l ab l e f ro m t h e N PS)

.

- C A L P U FF mo d el o p t i o n s : U s e IW A Q M ( E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ) d efau l t g u i d an ce, i n cl u d i n g
Pas q u i l l

- G i ffo rd d i s p ers i o n co e ffi ci en t s

.

- O zo n e d at as et

– u s e o b s erv ed o zo n e d at a fo r 2 0 0 1

- 2 0 0 3 fro m C A S T N et an d A I RS s t at i o n s

. O n l y n o n

- u rb an o zo n e s t at i o n s s h o u l d b e u s ed i n t h e O Z O N E

. D A T fi l e. Mo n t h l y av erag e

o zo n e (b ack u p ) b ack g ro u n d v al u es are t o b e co mp u t ed b as ed o n d ay t i me av erag e o zo n e

co n cen t rat i o n s fro m t h e O Z O N E

. D A T fi l e (6 a m

- 6 p m av erag e o zo n e co n cen t r at i o n s

co mp u t ed b y mo n t h ).

- Back g ro u n d a mmo n i a co n c en t rat i o n : In CA L P U F F, u s e co n s t an t (0

. 5 p p b ) v al u e fo r

am mo n i a.

- Pu f f r ep res en t at i o n : i n t eg r at ed p u ff s a mp l i n g met h o d o l o g y

.

- Bu i l d i n g d o w n w as h : Ig n o re b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h u n l e s s s o u rce i s w i t h i n 5 0

- k m o f a Cl as s I

area an d t h e St at e i n s t ru ct s t h e s o u rc e t o s p e ci fi cal l y co n s i d er b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h

.

CA L P O S T a nd P O S T U T I

L Co nfi g ur a t i o n (I ni t i a l ex e mp t i o n mo d el

i ng )

- U s e V i s i b i l i t y Met h o d 6 i n C A L P O S T

- Sp eci es co n s i d ered i n v i s i b i l i t y an al y s i s : SO 4 , N O 3 , E C, S O A (i

. e. , co n d en s ab l e o rg an i c
emi s s i o n s ), s o i l

, co ars e P M

- N at u ral b a ck g ro u n d l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n : Sev eral o p t i o n s are a ccep t ab l e at t h e d i s cret i o n o f t h e
St at e: (1 ) A s i n g l e an n u al av erag e n at u r al b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n fo r each Cl as s I are a, as

p res en t ed i n A p p en d i x B o f E P A ’s n at u ral co n d i t i o n s g u i d an ce (E P A

, 2 0 0 3 b ); (2 ) A s i n g l e

v al u e t h at rep res en t s t h e av er ag e h a ze i n d ex o n t h e 2 0 % b es t n at u ral co n d i t i o n s d ay s , ag ai n

as p res en t ed i n t h e s am e A p p en d i x B; o r (3 ) A mo n t h l y av er ag e n at u ral b a ck g ro u n d as
cal cu l at ed b y C A L P O S T u n d er Met h o d 6

, b as ed o n an n u al av er ag e d ef au l t n at u ralV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 6 co n d i t i o n s co mp o n en t co n cen t rat i o n s an d mo n t h l y av e rag e f(R H ) v al u es fo r t h e c en t ro i d o f

t h e Cl as s I a rea , f ro m T ab l e A

- 3 i n t h e n at u ral co n d i t i o n s g u i d an ce d o cu men t

, .

A s p eci al p ro c ed u re i s n eed ed fo r o p t i o n s 1 an d 2

, s i n c e C A L P O S T req u i r es i n p u t o f n at u ral

b ack g ro u n d co n cen t rat i o n s o f P M co mp o n en t s w h i l e t h e b ack g ro u n d s fo r o p t i o n s 1 an d 2

are ex p res s ed i n E P A ’s g u i d an ce d o cu men t as ex t i n ct i o n co effi ci en t s o r h az e i n d i ces (i n
d eci v i ew s )

. In o rd er t o p ro d u ce t h e ap p ro p ri at e n at u r a l b ack g ro u n d i n C A L P O S T fo r t h es e

o p t i o n s , u s e E q u at i o n 3

- 2 t o cal cu l at e t h e ex t i n ct i o n c o effi ci en t t h at co rr es p o n d s t o E P A ’s

h aze i n d ex v al u e fo r t h e Cl as s I area (i f n ec es s ar y )

, s u b t ract t h e Ray l ei g h s cat t eri n g v al u e o f

1 0 M m - 1

, an d en t er a s o i l co n c en t rat i o n (i n μ g / m 3 ) i n t o C A L P O S T t h at i s n u me ri cal l y eq u al

t o t h i s res u l t

. (Si n ce t h e ex t i n ct i o n effi ci en cy o f s o i l i s 1 m 2 / g , E q u at i o n 3

- 1 s h o w s t h at t h i s

p ro ces s p ro d u ces a b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n t h at eq u al s t h e E P A ’s v al u e

. ) L eav e t h e

co n cen t rat i o n s o f al l o t h er s p eci es b l an k

, s i n c e t h e n u mb er t h at i s en t e red r ep res en t s

ex t i n ct i o n b y al l co mp o n en t s

.

- L i g h t ex t i n ct i o n effi ci en ci es : U s e E P A (2 0 0 3 a) v a l u es

. If a s o u rce ch o o s es , t h e n e w

IMP R O V E al g o ri t h m fo r c al cu l at i n g l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n (s ee S ect i o n 3

. 2

. 3 ) may b e u s ed i n
ad d i t i o n t o t h e d efau l t IMPR O V E al g o ri t h m. ( Cal cu l at i o n s w o u l d n eed t o b e p erfo rmed

o u t s i d e CA L P O S T o r C A L P O S T w o u l d n eed t o b e mo d i fi ed t o acco mmo d at e t h e n ew
al g o ri t h m. )

- N i t rat e rep a rt i t i o n i n g i n PO S T U T I L : D o n o t u s e fo r t h e i n i t i al mo d el i n g

.

T h e i n i t i al ru n res u l t s w i l l b e b as ed o n t h e h i g h es t ch an g e i n l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n (d eci v i ew s ) fro m

n at u ral co n d i t i o n s o v er t h e t h ree

- y ear mo d el i n g p eri o d fo r each Cl as s I a rea co n s i d ered

. Pred i ct ed ch an g es ex c eed i n g t h e “co n t ri b u t i o n ” t h res h o l d (0

. 5 d eci v i e w s ) w i l l t ri g g er a fi n er g ri d

C A L P U FF mo d el i n g an al y s i s

.



### 4. 4 F i n e r G r i d M od e l i n g P r oc e d u r e s

4

. 4

. 1 Ra t i o na l e fo r a nd O ver vi ew o f Fi ner G r i d Mo d e l i ng Ap p r o a ch

T h e re are t w o p o t en t i al ap p l i cat i o n s fo r fi n er g ri d C A L P U F F mo d el i n g :

BA R T Ex cl us i o n Mo d el i ng

. Fi rs t

, fi n er g ri d C A L P U FF mo d el i n g can b e u s ed t o d e mo n s t rat e

t h at a s o u rce d o es n o t cau s e o r co n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rm en t i n an y Cl as s I areas , an d t h u s

can b e ex cl u d ed f ro m B A R T co n t ro l s

. A s s h o w n i n Fi g u re 4

- 1

, i f t h e i n i t i al reg i o n al mo d el i n g

res u l t s are n o t b el o w t h e t h res h o l d fo r v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s , t h e n ex t s t ep i s t o co n d u ct mo d el i n g

u s i n g a fi n er g ri d res o l u t i o n fo r t h e met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s an d t h e t reat m en t o f t err ai n eff ect s an d

l an d u s e v ari ab i l i t y

. In t h e fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g t h e p red i ct ed v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t t h at i s

co mp ar ed t o t h e t h res h o l d i s b as ed o n t h e BA R T g u i d an ce o f t h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e ch an g e i n
d eci v i ew s v al u e rat h er t h an t h e mo r e co n s e rv at i v e h i g h es t v al u e u s ed i n t h e i n i t i al an al y s i s

.

T h e B A R T g u i d an ce i n d i cat es t h at t h e e mi s s i o n s rat e t o b e u s ed fo r s u ch mo d el i n g i s t h e h i g h es t

2 4

- h r rat e d u ri n g t h e mo d el i n g p eri o d

. D ep en d i n g o n t h e av ai l ab i l i t y o f s o u rce d at a, t h e fo l l o w i n gV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 7 emi s s i o n s i n f o rmat i o n (l i s t ed i n o rd er o f p ri o ri t y ) s h o u l d b e u s ed w i t h CA L P U FF fo r B A R T

ex cl u s i o n mo d el i n g :

- 2 4 h r m ax i mu m v al u e e mi s s i o n s fo r t h e p eri o d 2 0 0 1

- 2 0 0 3 (Co n t i n u o u s E mi s s i o n Mo n i t o r,
C E M d at a)

- 2 4 h r max i mu m v al u e f ro m co n t i n u o u s emi s s i o n s mo n i t o ri n g d at a

- f aci l i t y s t ack t es t e mi s s i o n s

- p o t en t i al t o e mi t

- p er mi t al l o w ab l e emi s s i o n s , i f av ai l ab l e

- emi s s i o n s fact o rs fro m A P

- 4 2 s o u r ce p ro fi l es

Q ua nt i fy Be nefi t s o f BA R T

. T h e s e co n d ap p l i cat i o n o f refi n ed mo d el i n g i s t o q u an t i fy t h e

v i s i b i l i t y b en efi t s fro m t h e B A R T co n t ro l o p t i o n s

. T h i s i s acco mp l i s h ed b y ru n n i n g CA L P U F F

w i t h t h e b as el i n e e mi s s i o n s rat es an d ag ai n w i t h e mi s s i o n s aft er B A R T co n t ro l s

. It i s i mp o rt an t

t h at emi s s i o n red u ct i o n s b e ev al u at ed i n t h e p o s t p ro ce s s i n g s t ep rat h er t h an b y u s i n g “n eg at i v e”

emi s s i o n rat es i n t h e CA L P U FF mo d el

. T h e ch e mi cal s ch eme r eq u i res t h at emi s s i o n rat es al w ay s
b e p o s i t i v e.

Fo r an y o f t h es e ap p l i cat i o n s , a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l t h at d efi n es s o u rce p ro p ert i es

an d t h e s p eci fi c mo d el co n fi g u r at i o n i s req u i red

. A s d i s cu s s ed i n Sect i o n 5

, t h e s o u rc e s p eci fi c

p ro t o co l s h o u l d i n cl u d e s o u rce

- s p eci fi c emi s s i o n s d at a an d can ref er t o t h i s d o cu men t fo r al l

met h o d s an d as s u mp t i o n s t h at fo l l o w t h i s co m mo n p ro t o co l

.

4

. 4

. 2 Mo d el Co nfi g ur a t i o n a nd S et t i ng s fo r Fi ner G r i d Mo d el

i ng

G ri d res o l u t i o n s u b s t an t i al l y b et t er t h an 1 2

- k m i s n eed e d fo r a fi n e r g ri d C A L P U F F as s es s men t o f

v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s i n mo s t cas es i n v o l v i n g Cl as s I areas i n co mp l ex t errai n o r co as t al areas

. T h u s , t h e CA L M E T fi n e g ri d res o l u t i o n i n t h e s u b reg i o n al mo d el i n g d o mai n s u s ed fo r fi n er g ri d

mo d el i n g w i l l d ep en d o n t h e t errai n , l an d u s e (es p eci al l y co as t al b o u n d ari es ), l o cat i o n o f t h e

s o u rce, d i s t an ce o f t h e s o u rce fro m Cl as s I are as , a n d t o t al s i ze o f t h e s u b reg i o n al mo d el i n g
d o mai n

.

V I S T A S St at es h av e 2 0 0 1

- 2 0 0 3 CA L M E T fi l es fo r fi v e 4

- k m s u b

- reg i o n al d o mai n s as i l l u s t rat ed

i n Fi g u re 4

- 4

. T h e s u b d o mai n s are d es i g n ed t o ad d res s al l BA R T el i g i b l e s o u rces w i t h i n each

V I S T A S s t at es an d al l Cl as s I areas w i t h i n 3 0 0 k m o f t h e B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces

. Fo r ap p l i cat i o n
fo r a s i n g l e s o u rce , a s mal l er d o mai n o f ro u g h l y 2 0 0

- 3 0 0 k m b y 2 0 0

- 3 0 0 k m i s re co m men d ed

. Req u es t s t o o b t ai n t h e 4

- k m C A L M E T fi l es s h o u l d b e mad e t o t h e St at e B A R T r ep res en t at i v es

.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 8 F i g ur e 4

- 4

. Th e fi v e s u breg i o na l do m a i ns fo r 4

- k m C A L M ET m o d el i ng

.

In s o me i n s t an ces , as p art o f t h e s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o c o l

, a s o u rce may p ro p o s e t o t h e St at e t o u s e

an ev en fi n er g ri d s i mu l at i o n t o p ro p erl y ch ar act eri z e t h e fl o w fi el d s an d l an d u s e ch an g es t h at

affe ct d i s p ers i o n

. A n ap p l i cat i o n f o r s o u rce

- rec ep t o r d i s t an ces w i t h i n ab o u t 5 0 k m may req u i re a

g ri d res o l u t i o n l es s t h an 1 k m i f co mp l ex t err ai n e ffect s are l i k el y t o b e i mp o rt an t

. T h i s
d et ermi n at i o n s h o u l d b e mad e o n a cas e

- b y

- c as e b as i s

. T h er e i s n o t a s i n g l e d i s t an ce at w h i ch a

p art i cu l ar g ri d s i ze i s ap p ro p ri at e

. It d ep en d s o n fact o r s s u ch as t h e co mp l ex i t y o f t h e t er rai n , t h e

s o u rce

- re cep t o r d i s t an ces i n v o l v ed

, t h e l o c at i o n o f t h e s o u rce rel at i v e t o t h e t errai n f eat u res , t h e

p h y s i cal s t ack p aramet ers ( e. g

. , a t al l s t ack i n co mp l ex t errai n may b e u n aff ect ed b y t h e t errai n

fo rced fl o w ), p ro x i mi t y o f t h e s o u rc e an d Cl as s I are a t o a co as t l i n e, an d o t h er fa ct o rs i n cl u d i n g

av ai l ab i l i t y o f rep res en t at i v e o b s erv at i o n al d at a

.

T h e fi n e r g ri d C A L M E T s i mu l at i o n s w er e ru n i n h y b ri d mo d e, u s i n g b o t h MM5 d at a t o d efi n e

t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d s an d met eo ro l o g i cal o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t h e St ep 2 cal cu l at i o n s

. O v e r w at er (b u o y ) d at a w i l l b e p ro v i d ed i n ad d i t i o n t o t h e h o u rl y s u rface met eo ro l o g i cal

o b s erv at i o n s , p reci p i t at i o n o b s erv at i o n s an d t w i c e

- d a i l y u p p er ai r s o u n d i n g d at a.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 4 9 A d o mai n

- s p eci fi c s et o f mo d el i n g p ara met e rs w i l l b e d efi n ed fo r each s u b r eg i o n al d o mai n

. T h e

p ro p er s el ect i o n o f t h e C A L M E T d i ag n o s t i c w i n d fi el d p aram et ers t h at are u s ed t o b l en d

o b s erv at i o n s w i t h t h e St ep 1 w i n d fi el d d ep en d s o n fact o rs s u ch as t h e l o c at i o n s o f t h e

met eo ro l o g i cal s t at i o n s rel at i v e t o t errai n an d co as t al feat u res ( w h i ch a ffect s t h e

rep res en t at i v en es s o f t h e o b s erv at i o n al d at a), t h e t errai n l en g t h s cal e, an d t h e q u al i t y (res o l u t i o n )

o f t h e MM5 d at a u s ed t o d efi n e t h e i n i t i al g u es s fi el d an d i t s ab i l i t y t o p ro p erl y res o l v e w i n d

fl o w s o n t h e fi n e

- s cal e C A L M E T d o mai n

. T h e d e fi n i t i o n o f t h e p ro p er C A L M E T p a ra met ers i s
d o n e as p a rt o f s en s i t i v i t y t es t i n g w h er e mo d el p e rfo rm an ce i s ev al u at ed ag ai n s t av ai l ab l e

o b s e rv at i o n s an d ex p e ct ed t er rai n e ffe ct s , s u ch as ch an n el i n g o f fl o w s w i t h i n a v al l ey

.

In ad d i t i o n t o t h e b et t er g ri d res o l u t i o n an d t h e i n t ro d u ct i o n o f o b s erv at i o n al d at a i n t h e fi n e r g ri d

s i mu l at i o n s , s ev eral o t h er mo d el i n g refi n e men t s can en h an ce t h e acc u r acy o f t h e fi n er g ri d

mo d el i n g

. T h es e i n cl u d e u s e o f t h e h i g h er res o l u t i o n t errai n D E M d at a (

~ 3 arc s ec U S G S d at a)

i n d efi n i n g t h e g ri d d ed t err ai n fi el d s an d ap p l i cat i o n o f t h e am mo n i a l i mi t i n g m et h o d i n t h e

P O S T U T I L p o s t

- p ro c es s o r. O t h er w i s e , t h e s o u r ce co n fi g u rat i o n , emi s s i o n s , p o l l u t an t s p eci at i o n , Cl as s I recep t o rs , o zo n e d at as et s an d C A L P U FF mo d e l o p t i o n s w i l l b e t h e s ame as i n t h e i n i t i al

ru n s

. Si mi l arl y , C A L P O S T w i l l b e u s ed i n t h e s ame man n er as fo r t h e i n i t i al an al y s es

. H o w ev er,

P O S T U T I L can b e u s ed t o rep art i t i o n n i t rat e i n t h e fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g , u s i n g b ack g ro u n d

am mo n i a co n c en t rat i o n s ac co rd i n g t o t h e I W A Q M Ph a s e 2 r ep o rt (I W A Q M

, 1 9 9 8 )

.

Fo r t h e fi n e r g ri d B A R T ex cl u s i o n an al y s i s , t h e t es t fo r ev al u at i n g w h et h er a s o u rc e i s

co n t ri b u t i n g t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t i s b as ed o n t h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e mo d el ed v al u e (r at h er t h an t h e
h i g h es t p red i ct ed v al u e u s ed fo r t h e i n i t i al ev al u at i o n ), w h i ch i s co n s i s t en t w i t h E P A ’s B A R T

g u i d an ce.



### 4. 5 P r e s e n t at i on of M od e l i n g R e s u l t s

T h e C A L P O S T p ro c es s i n g co mp u t e s t h e d ai l y max i m u m ch an g e i n d eci v i e w s

. A s amp l e o f t h e

s u mma ry t ab l e p ro d u ced b y C A L P O S T i s s h o w n i n T ab l e 4

- 1

. Fo r ev al u at i n g co mp l i an c e w i t h

t h e V IS T A S s creen i n g t h r es h o l d

, t h e h i g h es t ch an g e i n ex t i n ct i o n v al u e, l o c at ed at t h e b o t t o m o f

t h e C A L P O S T l i s t fi l e i s co mp ared t o t h e t h res h o l d v al u e (e. g

. , 0

. 5 d v )

. Fo r ex a mp l e, i n t h e

s amp l e s h o w n i n T ab l e 4

- 1

, t h e s u mma ry at t h e b o t t o m s h o w s t h at t h e h i g h es t v i s i b i l i t y i mp act i s

1

. 2 1 9 d v , w i t h 9 d ay s o v er t h e y ear s h o w i n g v al u es g reat er t h an 0

. 5 d v

. T h er efo re t h i s s o u rce

w o u l d n o t p as s t h e i n i t i al an al y s i s , an d fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g w o u l d b e req u i r ed

.

In ad d i t i o n t o t h e h i g h es t ch an g e i n d eci v i ew v al u e o n each d ay o v er al l t h e recep t o rs i n a

p art i cu l ar Cl as s I ar ea, t h e C A L P O S T s u m mary t ab l e i n T ab l e 4

- 1 c o n t ai n s t h e co o rd i n at es o f t h e

recep t o r , r ecep t o r t y p e ( D i n d i cat es d i s cret e r ecep t o rs )

, t h e t o t al h az e l ev el (b a ck g ro u n d + s o u rc e,
i n d v ), t h e b ack g ro u n d h a ze i n d eci v i e w s , t h e ch an g e i n h azi n es s (d el t a d v ), t h e h u mi d i t y t erm

ap p l i ed t o h y g ro s co p i c ae ro s o l s (f( R H ))

, an d t h e co n t r i b u t i o n o f each s p e ci es t o l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n (i n p ercen t o f t h e t o t al s o u rce co n t ri b u t i o n ) fo r S O 4 , N O 3 , o rg an i cs , el em en t al ca rb o n , co ars e an d

fi n e p art i cu l at e m at t er.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 0 Ta bl e 4

- 1

. Ex a m pl e o f C A L P OS T Out pu t, S ho w i ng M a x i m u m D a i l y I m pa cts o f So u rce a n d Lo ca ti o ns o f T ho s e I m pa cts

.

Y E A R D A Y H R R E C E P T O R C O O R D I N A T E S ( k m ) T Y P E D V ( T o t a l ) D V ( B K G ) D E L T A D V F ( R H ) %

_ S O 4 %

_ N O 3 %

_ O C %

_ E C %

_ P M C %

_ P M F

2 0 0 1 2 0 3 2 0

. 5 4 0 7 9

. 7 8 2 D 5

. 3 9 7 5

. 3 5 8 0

. 0 3 9 4

. 3 1 4 4 4

. 3 3 4 7

. 2 2 3

. 0 7 1

. 0 7 0

. 0 0 4

. 3 0

2 0 0 1 3 0 9 3 1

. 6 8 0 7 9

. 8 2 2 D 4

. 5 6 6 4

. 4 2 1 0

. 1 4 5 1

. 7 6 7 4 0

. 7 5 3 3

. 8 9 9

. 1 9 3

. 2 4 0

. 0 0 1 2

. 9 4

2 0 0 1 4 0 1 2 4

. 7 2 3 7 7

. 9 5 1 D 4

. 5 4 0 4

. 5 4 0 0

. 0 0 0 2

. 0 7 6 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0

2 0 0 1 5 0 7 7 3 0

. 2 2 8 9 4

. 5 7 1 D 4

. 9 5 0 4

. 9 3 9 0

. 0 1 1 3

. 1 4 4 4 3

. 1 3 4 4

. 7 4 4

. 6 4 1

. 4 5 0

. 0 0 6

. 0 5

2 0 0 1 6 0 1 2 4

. 7 2 3 7 7

. 9 5 1 D 5

. 1 8 1 5

. 1 6 6 0

. 0 1 5 3

. 7 7 2 3 8

. 5 8 5 6

. 0 5 1

. 9 0 0

. 7 0 0

. 0 0 2

. 7 6

2 0 0 1 7 0 3 2 0

. 5 4 0 7 9

. 7 8 2 D 6

. 3 6 6 5

. 7 4 5 0

. 6 2 0 5

. 4 3 9 4 4

. 9 8 4 4

. 9 9 3

. 6 9 1

. 2 6 0

. 0 0 5

. 0 8

.

.

.

2 0 0 1 3 6 3 0 1 1 3 2 7

. 4 1 4 1 0 3

. 7 8 2 D 5

. 7 2 5 5

. 6 5 2 0

. 0 7 3 5

. 1 6 4 5 3

. 4 9 3 5

. 5 1 4

. 0 3 1

. 3 9 0

. 0 0 5

. 5 8

2 0 0 1 3 6 4 0 1 1 3 2 7

. 4 1 4 1 0 3

. 7 8 2 D 6

. 5 5 4 6

. 5 2 1 0

. 0 3 3 7

. 8 2 6 4 8

. 1 2 4 7

. 0 9 1

. 6 7 0

. 6 4 0

. 0 0 2

. 4 8

2 0 0 1 3 6 5 0 1 2 4

. 7 2 3 7 7

. 9 5 1 D 6

. 4 9 9 6

. 4 9 9 0

. 0 0 0 7

. 7 5 7 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0 0

. 0 0

- - - N u m b e r o f d a y s w i t h D e l t a

- D e c i v i e w = > 0

. 5 0 : 9

- - - N u m b e r o f d a y s w i t h D e l t a

- D e c i v i e w = > 1

. 0 0 : 2

- - - L a r g e s t D e l t a

- D e c i v i e w = 1

. 2 1 9V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 1 Fo r t h e fi n er g ri d an al y s i s , t h e d at a i n t h e t ab l e can b e i mp o rt ed i n t o a s p read s h eet an d s o rt ed o n

t h e d el t a d v co l u mn

. T ab l e 4

- 2 s h o w s an ex amp l e o f t h e ran k ed v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s (ch an g e i n d v )

fo r ea ch o f t h r ee y e ars at s i x d i ff eren t Cl as s I areas

. T h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e (8 t h h i g h es t v al u e) i n t h e

s o rt ed t ab l e w o u l d b e co mp ared t o t h e co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d (e. g

. , 0

. 5 d v )

. In t h e e x a mp l e

s h o w n i n t h i s t ab l e, t h e s o u rce p as s es t h e fi n er g ri d an al y s i s b ecau s e t h e h i g h es t 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e

v i s i b i l i t y i mp act i s b el o w t h e co n t ri b u t i o n t h res h o l d o f 0

. 5 d v

.

T h e R es u l t s s ect i o n o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g rep o rt s h o u l d co n t ai n t h e fo l l o w i n g i n fo r mat i o n :

1

. Map o f s o u rc e l o cat i o n an d Cl as s I are as w i t h i n 3 0 0 k m o f t h e s o u rce

2

. Fo r t h e V I S T A S 1 2

- k m C A L P U FF i n i t i al ex emp t i o n mo d el i n g d o mai n , a t ab l e l i s t i n g al l

Cl as s I ar eas i n t h e V IS T A S d o m ai n an d t h o s e i n n ei g h b o ri n g s t at es an d i mp act s at t h o s e
Cl as s I are as w i t h i n 3 0 0 k m o f t h e s o u rc e, as i l l u s t rat ed i n T ab l e 4

- 3

.

3

. A d i s cu s s i o n o f t h e n u mb er o f Cl as s I a reas w i t h v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t fro m t h e s o u rc e o n
9 8 t h p ercen t i l e d ay s i n each y ear g reat e r t h an 0

. 5 d v (t o t al v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t mi n u s
i mp ai rm e n t o n 2 0 % b es t d ay s fo r n at u ral b ack g ro u n d v i s i b i l i t y eq u al s d el t a

- d v , t h e

v i s i b i l i t y i mp act at t ri b u t ed t o t h e s o u rc e)

.

4

. Fo r t h e Cl as s I a rea w i t h t h e m ax i mu m i mp act

, d i s cu s s i o n o f t h e n u mb er o f d ay s b el o w

t h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e t h at t h e i mp act o f t h e s o u rce ex ceed s 0

. 5 d v , t h e n u mb er o f recep t o rs i n

t h e Cl as s I a rea w h er e t h e i mp act ex c eed s 0

. 5 d v , an d t h e m ax i mu m i mp act

.

5

. Fo r fi n er g ri d C A L P U FF ex e mp t i o n mo d el i n g , res u l t s fo r t h o s e Cl as s I ar eas fo r w h i ch

i mp act s o f t h e s o u rce ex ceed ed 0

. 5 d v i n t h e 1 2

- k m i n i t i al ex emp t i o n mo d el i n g

. Rep o rt

s ame res u l t s as p ro v i d ed fo r 1 2

- k m i n i t i al ex emp t i o n m o d el i n g

.

6

. Fo r co n t ro l o p t i o n mo d el i n g , ea ch co n t ro l o p t i o n t es t e d s h o u l d b e l i s t ed i n t ab u l ar fo r mat

. Fo r each co n t ro l o p t i o n an d fo r each Cl as s I area w h er e t h e i mp act o f t h e s o u rce ex ceed ed

0

. 5 d v , rep o rt t h e ch an g e i n p o l l u t an t emi s s i o n s an d t h e ch an g e i n v i s i b i l i t y i mp act fro m

t h e s o u rce as a res u l t o f t h e co n t ro l o p t i o n

. T h e effect i v en es s o f can d i d at e co n t ro l o p t i o n s

are t o b e co mp a red t o each o t h er, n o t t o a s p eci fi c t arg e t i mp ro v e men t

.

St at es w i l l p ro v i d e fu rt h er g u i d an ce o n g rap h i c p res en t at i o n o f res u l t s t o s i mp l i fy

ev al u at i o n o f effect i v en es s o f co n t ro l m eas u res

. Fo r ex amp l e , a t e mp o ral p l o t o f t h e
ch an g e i n d eci v i e w s b et w een t h e co n t ro l l ed an d u n co n t ro l l ed cas es co u l d b e d ev el o p ed fo r

t h e rec ep t o r w i t h t h e max i mu m mo d el ed i mp act i n each Cl as s I a rea

.

7

. Co p i es o f al l i n p u t fi l es an d i n p u t d at a i n el e ct ro n i c fo rmat fo r t h e C A L M E T

, C A L P U F F,

C A L P O S T an d P O S T U T I L ru n s s h o u l d b e arch i v ed an d p ro v i d ed t o t h e St at e.V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 2 Ta bl e 4

- 2

. Ex a m pl e o f V i s i bi l i ty I m pa ct R a nki ng s a t Si x C l a s s I A rea s

C l a s s I A r e a 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3

D e l t a

D e c i v i e w R a

n k s 1

- 8 D e l t a

D e c i v i e w R a

n k s 1

- 8 D e l t a

D e c i v i e w R a

n k s 1

- 8

G r e a t S m o k y N P 0

. 9 9
0

. 8 8
0

. 6 2
0

. 5 9
0

. 5 5
0

. 5 2
0

. 4 8
0

. 4 7 0

. 9 5
0

. 6 3
0

. 5 1
0

. 5 0
0

. 4 6
0

. 4 2
0

. 3 7
0

. 3 6 1

. 2 0
0

. 9 0
0

. 7 3
0

. 7 2
0

. 5 9
0

. 4 7
0

. 4 5
0

. 4 2

L i n v i l l e G o r g e 0

. 6 7
0

. 4 5
0

. 4 3
0

. 3 3
0

. 2 9
0

. 2 7
0

. 2 5
0

. 2 3 0

. 8 1
0

. 6 9
0

. 6 5
0

. 5 0
0

. 4 5
0

. 3 3
0

. 3 1
0

. 2 9 0

. 7 6
0

. 4 7
0

. 3 7
0

. 3 5
0

. 3 1
0

. 3 0
0

. 2 8
0

. 2 8

S h i n i n g R o c k 0

. 6 6
0

. 4 3
0

. 4 1
0

. 3 5
0

. 2 6
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 3
0

. 2 2 0

. 7 3
0

. 6 9
0

. 6 3
0

. 5 2
0

. 4 6
0

. 3 4
0

. 2 9
0

. 2 6 0

. 7 5
0

. 4 5
0

. 3 6
0

. 3 4
0

. 2 8
0

. 2 7
0

. 2 6
0

. 2 5

C o h u t t a 0

. 2 6
0

. 2 3
0

. 2 2
0

. 2 1
0

. 2 0
0

. 1 9
0

. 1 8
0

. 1 6 0

. 5 4
0

. 4 7
0

. 4 3
0

. 3 7
0

. 3 7
0

. 3 1
0

. 3 1
0

. 3 0 0

. 6 1
0

. 4 2
0

. 3 0
0

. 2 9
0

. 2 8
0

. 2 8
0

. 2 5
0

. 2 5

J o y c e K i l m e r

- S l i c k r o c k 0

. 3 4
0

. 3 3
0

. 3 1
0

. 2 6
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 0
0

. 1 8
0

. 1 7 0

. 5 2
0

. 4 3
0

. 3 2
0

. 3 1
0

. 3 0
0

. 2 8
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 4 0

. 2 7
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 3
0

. 2 0
0

. 1 4
0

. 1 3
0

. 1 1
0

. 1 0

M a m m o t h C a v e N P 0

. 5 6
0

. 4 4
0

. 3 8
0

. 2 9
0

. 2 5
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 2
0

. 2 1 0

. 5 7
0

. 5 6
0

. 5 3
0

. 3 5
0

. 3 3
0

. 3 3
0

. 3 0
0

. 2 9 0

. 5 0
0

. 3 7
0

. 3 6
0

. 3 5
0

. 3 1
0

. 2 4
0

. 2 1
0

. 1 9V IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 3 Ta bl e 4

- 3

. F o r m a t o f Su m m a ry o f R es ul ts fo r C A LP U F F M o d el i ng i n V I S T A S’ 1 2

- k m M o del i ng D o m a i n to D ete r m i n e i f a B A R T El i g i bl e So ur ce i s S ubj ect to B A R T.

C l a s s I a r e a D i s t a n c e ( k m )
f r o m

s o u r c e t o C l a s s I

a r e a b o u n d a r y # o f d a y s 1

a n d # o f

r e c e p t o r s

w i t h i m p a c t

> 0

. 5 d v i n C l a s s I a r e a : 2 0 0 1 # o f d a y s 1

a n d # o f

r e c e p t o r s

w i t h i m p a c t

> 0

. 5 d v i n C l a s s I a r e a : 2 0 0 2 # o f d a y s 1

a n d # o f

r e c e p t o r s

w i t h i m p a c t

> 0

. 5 d v i n C l a s s I a r e a : 2 0 0 3 # o f d a y s 1 a n d
# o f r e c e p t o r s

w i t h i m p a c t

> 1

. 0 d v i n C l a s s I a r e a f o r 3

- y r
p e r i o d M a x

. 2 4

- h r i m p a c t o v e r 3

- y r p e r i o d

D o l l y S o d s , W V

S h e n a n d o a h

, V A

J a m e s R i v e r F a c e , V A

M a m m o t h C a v e , K Y

S i p s e y , A L

G r e a t S m o k y M t n s , T N

C o h u t t a , G A

S h i n i n g R o c k

, N C

L i n v i l l e G o r g e , N C

S w a n q u a r t e r , N C

C a p e R o m a i n , S C

O k e f e n o k e e , G A

S a i n t M a r k s , F L

C h a s s a h o w i t z k a , F L

E v e r g l a d e s , F L

B r i g a n t i n e , N J

B r e t o n I s l a n d

, L A

C a n e y C r e e k

, A R

U p p e r B u f f a l o , A R

M i n g o , M O

H e r c u l e s G l a d e , M O

1 D a y s b e l o w t h e 9 8 t h p e r c e n t i l e o f d a y s i n e a c h y e a r o r t h e t h r e e

- y e a r m o d e l i n g p e r i o d

, a s a p p r o p r i a t eV IS T A S ’ Co m m o n M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 4 

### 4. 6 V I S T A S C on t r i b u t i on t o C A L P U F F M od e l i n g of B A R T E l i gi b l e S ou r c e s

V I S T A S w i l l p ro v i d e u p d at es an d s u p p o rt i n g i n fo rm at i o n co n cern i n g t h e Co m mo n Mo d el i n g

Pro t o co l (t h i s d o cu m en t ) o n t h e V I S T A S w eb s i t e. In ad d i t i o n , V I S T A S w i l l mak e p u b l i cl y

av ai l ab l e t h e fo l l o w i n g d at a b as es d ev el o p ed b y E art h T e ch :

• V I S T A S v ers i o n o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em, m ai n t ai n ed o n t h e C A L P U FF w eb s i t e.
V e rs i o n 5

. 7 5 4 i n cl u d es C A L M E T

, C A L P U F F, C A L P O ST

, an d P O S T U T I L fi l es , u p d at ed i n

D e ce mb er 2 0 0 5

. T h e l as t u p d at e i n t h i s V IS T A S v ers i o n i s a C A L M E T u p d at e t h at ad d r es s es

o v er w at e r d i s p er s i o n , w h i ch w as d ev el o p ed fo r t h e Mi n eral s Man ag e men t Se rv i ce (M M S) i n
fal l 2 0 0 5

. T h i s V IS T A S v ers i o n o f C A L P U F F w i l l n o t b e u p d at ed fu rt h er u n l es s er ro rs are
fo u n d i n t h e co d e , ex cep t t h at a n e w o n e

- s t ep P O S T U T IL p ro ced u re w i l l b e i n co rp o rat ed

. B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rces i n t h e V I S T A S s t at es w i l l b e ab l e t o u s e t h i s V I S T A S v ers i o n

t h ro u g h o u t t h e B A R T mo d el i n g ex erci s e

.

• 1 2

- k m C A L ME T o u t p u t fi l es fo r 2 0 0 1

, 2 0 0 2

, an d 2 0 0 3 p ro d u ced as d es c ri b ed i n p r ev i o u s

s ect i o n s

. Fu rt h er d et ai l o n mo d el co n fi g u r at i o n an d s et t i n g s w i l l b e p ro v i d ed w i t h t h e o u t p u t

fi l es an d w i l l b e mad e av ai l ab l e o n t h e C A L P U F F w eb s i t e.

• C A L M E T w i l l i n cl u d e a s o ft w ar e mo d i fi cat i o n t o al l o w t h e met eo ro l o g i cal d at a i n p u t s i n t o
C A L M E T t o b e u s ed t o g en erat e fi n er g ri d C A L ME T fi l es w i t h o u t h av i n g t o g o b ack t o t h e

o ri g i n al MM5 o u t p u t fi l es

• Fi v e 4

- k m C A L M E T s u b d o mai n s fo r 2 0 0 1

, 2 0 0 2

, an d 2 0 0 3

, p ro d u ced as d es cri b ed i n

p rev i o u s s ect i o n s

. Fu rt h er d et ai l o n mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n an d s et t i n g s w i l l b e p ro v i d ed w i t h

t h e o u t p u t fi l es an d w i l l b e mad e av ai l a b l e o n t h e w eb s i t e.

• Fi l e w i t h C A L P U F F mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n an d s et t i n g s s u ffi ci en t t o rep l i cat e C A L P U FF

mo d el i n g d o n e fo r V I S T A S u s i n g 1 2 k m C A L M E T

, i n cl u d i n g

o O zo n e d at a u s ed t o ru n C A L P U FF

o A mmo n i a co n c en t rat i o n s u s ed t o ru n C A L P U F F.

o A l l o t h er s et u p fi l es u s ed i n V IS T A S 1 2

- k m C A L P U F F ru n

Samp l es o f t h es e d at a fi l es an d ex a mp l es o f t h ei r ap p l i cat i o n w i t h C A L P U FF fo r B A R T

s creen i n g an al y s es can b e fo u n d o n t h e C A L P U F F w eb s i t e at ( h t t p : / / w w w

. s rc. co m/ v e ri o / d o w n l o ad / s amp l e_ fi l es

. h t m )

.S o u r c e

- S p e c i f i c M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 5 

## 5

. S O U R C E

- S P E C I F I C M O D E L I N G P R O T O C O L

So u rces ar e req u i red t o s u b mi t a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l t o t h e St at e fo r rev i ew an d ap p ro v al

p ri o r t o s o u rce

- s p e ci fi c mo d el i n g

. St at es w i l l p ro v i d e t h e d o cu m en t at i o n t o E P A an d F L M fo r

t h ei r rev i e w

. A n o u t l i n e o f t h e t y p i cal co n t en t s o f t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l i s p ro v i d ed i n T ab l e

5

- 1

.

If a s o u rc e

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g ap p ro a ch i s p ro p o s ed t h at d i ffers fro m t h e co mmo n ap p ro ach i n
Ch ap t er 4

, a mo re

- d et a i l ed mo d el i n g p ro t o co l t h an t h at req u i red u n d er t h e co m mo n p ro ced u r es i s

req u i red

. T h i s p ro t o co l mu s t ex p l ai n t h e d at a s o u rce s , mo d el co n fi g u rat i o n , an d rat i o n al e fo r
ch an g es i n t h e mo d el ap p ro a ch f ro m t h e co m mo n p ro t o co l an d mu s t b e ap p ro v ed b y t h e St at e.

U n i t

- s p eci fi c s o u rce d at a i n cl u d e t h e fo l l o w i n g p a ra met ers :

- L o cat i o n ( e. g

. , U T M co o rd i n at es , U T M zo n e an d d at u m)

- St a ck h ei g h t ab o v e t h e g ro u n d

- St a ck d i a met er

- E x i t v el o ci t y

- E x i t t emp erat u re

- E mi s s i o n rat es (S O 2 , H 2 S O 4 , N O

x an d P M 1 0 ).

A d d i t i o n al b u i l d i n g d i men s i o n i n fo rmat i o n (b u i l d i n g w i d t h

, l en g t h

, h ei g h t an d co rn er l o cat i o n s )

i s n eed ed fo r s h o rt s t ack s t h at are l es s t h an G o o d E n g i n eeri n g P ract i ce ( G E P) h ei g h t

. T h i s
i n fo rmat i o n i s u s ed i n p ro v i d i n g eff ect i v e s t ru ct u re d i men s i o n s fo r b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h

cal cu l at i o n s

. (T h e req u i re men t t o co n d u ct b u i l d i n g d o w n w as h mo d el i n g may b e w ai v ed b y
i n d i v i d u al St at es o r i f t h e t ran s p o rt d i s t an ce i s g re at er t h an 5 0 k m

. )

T h e s o u rc e co o rd i n at es mu s t b e ex p res s ed i n t h e co o rd i n at e s y s t em u s ed t o d efi n e t h e CA L M E T

an d CA L P U F F mo d el i n g d o mai n s

. Fo r t h e reg i o n al s c reen i n g s i mu l at i o n s , a L amb e rt Co n fo rm al

Co n i c (L C C) co o rd i n at e s y s t em w i l l b e u s ed

. T h e req u i red p ara met ers t o d efi n e an L C C

co o rd i n at e i n cl u d e t w o mat ch i n g p ar al l el s , l at i t u d e/ l o n g i t u d e o f t h e p ro j ect i o n o ri g i n , co o rd i n at e
d at u m, an d f al s e E as t i n g an d N o rt h i n g (i f u s ed ) o f t h e p ro j ect i o n o ri g i n

. Su b reg i o n al an d s o u r ce

s p eci fi c d o m ai n s m ay b e u s i n g ei t h er an L CC o r U T M p ro j ect i o n

.

T h e C A L P U F F G rap h i cal U s er In t erf ace ( G U I ) s y s t e m p ro v i d es s o ft w ar e (c al l ed C O O R D S) t o

co mp u t e t o / fro m l at i t u d e/ l o n g i t u d e, L C C an d U T M co o rd i n at es fo r a l arg e n u mb er o f d at u ms

. In

ad d i t i o n , t h e CA L V I E W g rap h i cs fe at u re al l o w s t h e u s e o f g eo referen c ed s at el l i t e o r aeri al

p h o t o g rap h s t o b e u s ed as b as e map s t o co n fi r m s o u r ce l o cat i o n s

. L i n k s t o s o u rces o f s u i t ab l e
b as e map s can b e fo u n d o n t h e CA L P U F F d at a s i t e ( w w w

. s rc

. co m ) i n t h e s ect i o n o n “A eri al

Ph o t o s ”.S o u r c e

- S p e c i f i c M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 6 Ta bl e 5

- 1

. Sa m pl e Ta bl e o f C o nt en ts o f a So urc e

- S p eci fi c F i n e

- S ca l e M o del i ng P ro to co l

.

1

. IN T R O D U C T I O N

1

. 1 O b j ect i v es

1

. 2 L o cat i o n o f So u rce v s

. Re l ev an t Cl a s s I A reas

1

. 3 So u rce Im p act E v a l u at i o n Cr i t eri a

2

. SO U RCE D E SCRIPT I O N

2

. 1 U n i t

- s p eci f i c S o u rce D at a

2

. 2 Bo u n d ar y Co n d i t i o n s

3

. G E O P H Y SIC A L A N D M E T E O RO L O G IC A L D A T A

3

. 1 Mo d el i n g D o mai n an d T erra i n

3

. 2 L an d U s e

3

. 3 Met eo r o l o g i ca l D at a Bas e

3

. 3

. 1 MM5 Si mu l a t i o n s

3

. 3

. 2 Meas u remen t s an d O b s er v a t i o n s

3

. 4 A i r Q u al i t y D at a Bas e

3

. 4

. 1 O zo n e Co n ce n t ra t i o n s

– Mea s u re d o r Mo d e l e d

3

. 4

. 2 A mmo n i a Co n cen t ra t i o n s

– Mea s u r ed o r Mo d e l e d

3

. 4

. 3 Co n ce n t ra t i o n s o f O t h er Po l l u t an t s

– Meas u re d o r Mo d e l ed

3

. 5 N at u ra l Co n d i t i o n s at C l as s I A reas

4

. A IR Q U A L I T Y MO D E L I N G ME T H O D O L O G Y

4

. 1 Pl u me Mo d el Se l ec t i o n

4

. 1

. 1 Maj o r Re l ev a n t Fe at u re s o f CA L ME T

4

. 2

. 2 Ma j o r Re l ev a n t Fe at u re s o f CA L PU FF

4

. 2 Mo d el i n g D o mai n Co n f i g u ra t i o n

4

. 3 CA L ME T Met eo ro l o g i ca l Mo d el i n g

4

. 4 CA L P U FF Co mp u t at i o n a l D o mai n an d Recep t o r s

4

. 5 CA L P U FF Mo d el i n g O p t i o n Se l ect i o n s

4

. 6 L i g h t E x t i n ct i o n a n d H aze Imp ac t Cal c u l at i o n s

4

. 7 Mo d el i n g Pr o d u ct s

5

. RE V I E W PR O CE SS

6

. 1 CA L ME T Fi el d s

6

. 2 CA L P U FF, CA L P O ST

, an d PO S T U T IL Res u l t s

6

. RE FE RE N CE S

A PPE N D ICE S

A

. 1 V IST A S B A R T M O D E L I N G PR O T O C O L

A

. 2

... o t h er a p p e n d i ce s as n ee d edS o u r c e

- S p e c i f i c M o d e l i n g P r o t o c o l 5 7 A n ex amp l e o f t h e d at a t h at n eed t o b e rep o rt ed i s p ro v i d ed i n T ab l e 5

- 2

. Mo r e d et ai l o n t h e

s t ack d at a, emi s s i o n s s p eci es , an d p art i cu l at e s i ze fract i o n s t o b e rep o rt ed w i l l b e mad e av ai l ab l e

o n t h e CA L P U FF w eb s i t e, w w w

. s r c. co m , Ch e ck w i t h y o u r St at e fo r t h e mo re d et ai l ed fo r m at o f

T ab l e 5

- 2 t h at i s t o b e u s ed

.

D i s cu s s i o n s w i t h t h e reg u l at o ry au t h o ri t i es s h o u l d b e co n d u ct ed p ri o r t o d ev el o p men t o f a

p ro t o co l t o en s u re al l o f t h e rel ev an t i s s u es ar e i n cl u d ed i n t h e p ro t o co l

.

Ta bl e 5

- 2

. Ex a m pl e o f So ur ce D o cu m en ta ti o n fo r B A R T El i g i bl e So urc e.

U ni t na m e

a nd/ o r des cri pti o n Sta rt

- up da tes SO 2 po te nti a l

e m i s s i o ns (tpy ) N O

x po t enti a l

e m i s s i o ns (tpy ) To ta l P M

po ten ti a l

e m i s s i o ns (tpy )

E mi s s i o n s s o u rce

n ame

...

T o t al emi s s i o n s

Po t en t i al B A R T

el i g i b l e emi s s i o n sQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 5 8 

## 6. Q U A L I T Y A S S U R A N C E

6. 1 S c op e an d P u r p os e of t h e Q A p r ogr am

A i r q u al i t y mo d el i n g co v ered u n d er t h i s p ro t o co l i s an i mp o rt an t t o o l fo r u s e i n d et ermi n i n g

w h et h e r a B A R T

- el i g i b l e s o u rce can b e r eas o n ab l e ex p ect ed t o cau s e o r c o n t ri b u t e t o v i s i b i l i t y
i mp ai rm en t i n a Cl as s I area , an d t h erefo r e w h et h er t h i s s o u rce s h o u l d b e s u b j ect t o BA R T

co n t ro l s , an d i f s o , t o d et e rmi n e t h e rel at i v e b en efi t s o f v ari o u s B A R T co n t ro l s

. T h e p u rp o s e o f

t h e q u al i t y as s u ran ce (Q A ) p ro g ra m i s t o es t a b l i s h p ro ced u res fo r en s u ri n g t h at p ro d u ct s p ro d u ced

b y t h e ap p l i cat i o n o f t h e mo d el i n g t ech n i q u es fo r BA R T s t u d i es s at i s fy t h e reg u l at o ry o b j ect i v es

o f t h e B A R T p ro g ra m.

T h e s co p e o f t h e Q A p ro g r am aff ect s d i ffer en t u s e rs d i fferen t l y

. Co m mo n fe at u res o f m o s t

ap p l i cat i o n s w i l l b e t h e s et u p an d ex ecu t i o n o f t h e C A L P U F F ai r q u al i t y mo d el an d p ro ces s i n g o f

mo d el i n g res u l t s t o d et er mi n e i f a s o u rce co n t ri b u t es t o v i s i b i l i t y i mp ai rmen t at a Cl as s I area

. In

man y cas es , u s ers w i l l b e p ro v i d ed met eo ro l o g i cal d at as et s t h at h av e b een d ev el o p ed w i t h

V I S T A S fu n d i n g u n d er a s u i t ab l e Q A p ro g ra m fo r u s e i n t h e B A R T mo d el i n g

. O t h er u s e rs w i l l

b e i n v o l v ed i n s i t e

- s p eci fi c o r s o u rce

- s p eci fi c an al y s es t h at w i l l u s e ad d i t i o n al d at as et s an d

p o t en t i al l y d i fferen t mo d el i n g o p t i o n s an d / o r t o o l s

. Mo re ex t en s i v e q u al i t y as s u ran ce w i l l b e

req u i red i n t h es e l at t er t y p es o f ap p l i cat i o n s

. It i s t h e res p o n s i b i l i t y o f t h e mo d el er t o en s u re t h at

an ad eq u at e Q A p ro t o co l i s i n p l ac e fo r a p art i cu l ar ap p l i cat i o n

.

T h e C A L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em c o n t ai n s b u i l t

- i n feat u res t o faci l i t at e q u al i t y as s u ran ce o f t h e

mo d el i n g res u l t s

. T h es e i n cl u d e t h e au t o mat i c p ro d u ct i o n o f “Q A ” fi l es fo r v a ri o u s d at as et s , i n cl u d i n g g eo p h y s i cal fi el d s , s o u rces an d re cep t o rs , an d i mb ed d ed t r ack i n g o f mo d el o p t i o n s an d

s w i t ch es w i t h i n t h e o u t p u t fi l es fro m t h e maj o r mo d el i n g u n i t s o f t h e mo d el i n g s y s t em. T h e
G r ap h i cal U s er In t erf ace s y s t e m ( G U I) p ro v i d ed as p ar t o f t h e l at es t CA L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em
al l o w s t h es e Q A fi l es t o b e d i s p l ay ed g rap h i cal l y

.

In ad d i t i o n , a d et ai l ed s o ft w are man ag em en t s y s t em i s i n p l ace t o t rack v ers i o n an d l ev el n u mb ers

as s o ci at ed each p ro g ram an d u t i l i t y w i t h i n t h e CA L P U FF mo d el i n g s y s t em. T h i s i n fo rmat i o n i s
carri ed fo r w ard i n al l o f t h e o u t p u t fi l es t o c reat e an au d i t t rai l o f s o ft w a re v ers i o n s an d maj o r

mo d el o p t i o n s u s ed t h at c an b e ret ri ev ed an d d i s p l ay ed fro m t h e mo d el o u t p u t fi l es

.

Bec au s e t h e r eq u i red Q A p ro ced u r es w i l l d ep en d h ea v i l y o n t h e ex act ap p l i cat i o n , t h ere w i l l b e
d i fferen c es a mo n g d i ff eren t u s ers an d d i ffe ren t ap p l i cat i o n s

.

In ad d i t i o n , t h e BA R T mo d el i n g p ro ces s i n v o l v es mu l t i p l e o rg an i zat i o n s

. T h e St at es h av e o v eral l

res p o n s i b i l i t y fo r t h e p ro ces s an d may al s o ex ecu t e s o me o r al l o f t h e mo d el i n g

. V IS T A S i s

co n t ri b u t i n g g en eral g u i d an ce v i a t h i s p ro t o co l an d i s p rep ari n g met eo r o l o g i cal fi el d s an d

p erfo r mi n g mo d el i n g u n d er t h e g u i d an ce o f t h e St at es

. T h e s o u rces t h at are B A R T

- el i g i b l e n eed

t o p ro v i d e p ro ces s i n fo rmat i o n an d emi s s i o n s d at a fo r u s e i n t h e an al y s es

. In ad d i t i o n , t h o s e

s o u rces t h at are i n v o l v ed i n BA R T as s es s m en t s w i l l n eed t o b e act i v el y i n v o l v ed i n co n t ro lQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 5 9 t ech n o l o g y d eci s i o n s an d as s es s men t s

. Fi n al l y , s o me o f t h e mo d el i n g s t ep s may b e carri ed o u t b y

co n t ract o rs o n b eh al f o f V I S T A S

, a St at e, o r a s o u rc e.

E a ch o f t h es e o rg an i z at i o n s h as a res p o n s i b i l i t y t o en s u re t h a t i t i s p ro v i d i n g co rrect i n fo rmat i o n

t o o t h ers an d t o ev al u at e t h e q u al i t y o f an y an al y s es i t i s p erfo rmi n g , w h et h er w i t h d at a o f i t s o w n

o r fro m o t h ers

. T h i s ch ap t er p ro v i d es g en er al g u i d a n ce an d i n fo rm at i o n o n t h o s e as p e ct s o f

q u al i t y as s u ran ce t h at are s p eci fi c t o t h e CA L P U F F mo d el i n g effo rt

, i rres p ect i v e o f w h i ch

o rg an i zat i o n i s carry i n g o u t t h e ef fo rt

. T h e fo cu s i s o n t h e co m mo n p ro t o co l ef fo rt s d es cri b ed i n
Ch ap t er 4

. A s d es c ri b ed i n Se ct i o n 6

. 3

, mo re co mp re h en s i v e Q A m ay b e n e ed ed fo r t h e u n i q u e

as p ect s o f t h e s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g d es cri b ed i n Ch ap t er 5

.



### 6. 2 Q A P r oc e d u r e s f or C om m on P r o t oc ol M od e l i n g

T h e V IS T A S co m mo n p ro t o co l (Se ct i o n 4 ) d es c ri b e s t h e m et h o d s an d p ro c ed u res fo r u s e i n

co n d u ct i n g reg i o n al s cal e s cr een i n g mo d el i n g t o d et e rmi n e t h e w h et h e r a p art i cu l ar s o u rc e o r

g ro u p o f s o u rc es i s s u b j ect t o B A R T co n t ro l s

. In t h e i n i t i al ap p l i cat i o n , t h e reg i o n al C A L P U FF

read y m et eo ro l o g i cal d at a fi l es w i l l b e p ro v i d ed b y V I ST A S

. T h e a mo u n t o f effo rt fo r en d

- u s ers

p erfo r mi n g Q A o f t h es e p r e

- d efi n ed m et eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s w i l l b e red u ced fro m w h at i s req u i red

i n d ev el o p i n g s o u rce

- s p eci fi c met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s , as d es c ri b ed b el o w

. A l s o , V I S T A S i s

p l an n i n g t o p ro v i d e fi v e s u b reg i o n al CA L M E T met e o ro l o g i cal d at as et s i n a CA L P U FF

- re ad y
fo rmat

. T h e d e v el o p men t o f t h es e C A L M E T d at as et s w i l l b e s u b j ect t o a Q A p ro g r am as p art o f

t h ei r d ev el o p men t

, s o t h e n ec es s ary q u al i t y as s u ran c e act i v i t y o f en d

- u s ers i s ag ai n red u ced fro m

w h at w o u l d b e r eq u i red i n t h e d ev el o p m en t o f t h e d at as et

. It i s n o t ex p ect ed t h at t h e q u al i t y

as s u ran ce s t ep s i n t h e d ev el o p men t w i l l b e rep e at ed i n each ap p l i cat i o n

. T h e V IS T A S

- p ro v i d ed

reg i o n al an d s u b reg i o n al met eo ro l o g i cal fi el d s w i l l i n cl u d e a t es t cas e s i mu l at i o n fo r
d emo n s t rat i n g t h at ex p ect ed mo d el i n g res u l t s are o b t ai n ed o n t h e u s er’s co mp u t er p l at fo rm. T h i s

t es t s h o u l d b e rep e at ed b y ev ery u s er.

A l t h o u g h t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em i s re co m me n d ed b y t h e U

. S. E n v i ro n men t al Pro t ect i o n
A g en cy fo r ap p l i cat i o n t o B A R T an al y s es , a co n s i d erab l e amo u n t o f ex p ert i s e an d mo d el i n g j u d g men t i s n eed ed at cert ai n s t ag es o f t h e an al y s i s

. T h e mo d el i n g i s n o t a “co o k b o o k ” ex erci s e,

a fact t h at w as re co g n i zed b y t h e U

. S. E P A i n d es cr i b i n g t h e ex p ert i s e n eed ed fo r CA L M E T

mo d el i n g (E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ; p p

. 9

- 1 0

, ). Cu rren t met h o d s fo r p erfo rmi n g refi n e d ch emi s t ry cal cu l at i o n
al s o req u i re an u n d ers t an d i n g o f t h e ch emi c al a n d met eo ro l o g i cal p ro ces s i n g af fect i n g

am mo n i u m n i t rat e fo r mat i o n

. V IS T A S h as co mmi t t ed t o p ro v i d e ap p ro p ri at e C A L P U F F t rai n i n g

t o as s i s t St at es i n o b t ai n i n g t h e n eces s ary ex p e rt i s e w i t h t h e l at es t C A L P U FF mo d el i n g t o o l s an d

t ech n i q u es

. A n ap p ro p ri at e l ev el o f k n o w l ed g e o f t h e mo d el fo rmu l at i o n , t ech n i cal ap p ro ach an d

as s u mp t i o n s i s es s en t i al fo r s u c ces s fu l B A R T mo d el i n g

.

6

. 2

. 1 Q ua l i t

y Co nt r o l o f I np ut D a t a

T h e i n p u t d at a r eq u i red b y t h e mo d el d ep en d s o n t h e ap p l i cat i o n

. A t a mi n i mu m, s o u r ce d at a i s

req u i red b y C A L P U F F (s e e S ect i o n 6

. 2

. 3 ) al o n g w i t h a l i s t o f ch o i ces mad e ab o u t mo d el o p t i o n s

an d s w i t ch es

. Mo s t o f t h e mo d el i n g o p t i o n ch o i ces are s p eci fi ed o r re co m men d ed b y r eg u l at o ryQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 6 0 g u i d an ce an d d efau l t v al u es (s e e re fer en ces i n Se ct i o n 4

. 3

. 3 ). H o w ev er, re mo d el i n g o f t h e
b o u n d ary co n d i t i o n s i s n o t req u i red fo r V IS T A S

- p ro v i d ed fi n er g ri d d o mai n s s o t h e ex p ert i s e
l ev el i s n o t as h i g h as i t w o u l d b e fo r d ev el o p men t o f t h e b o u n d ary co n d i t i o n s fi l es fro m s crat ch

.

T o t h e ex t en t t h at mo d el i n g ap p l i cat i o n s are u s i n g p re

- d efi n ed C A L M E T fi l es an d C A L P U F F

t emp l at es , t h e q u al i t y as s u ran c e w i l l b e s t rai g h t fo r w ar d

. Mo re d et ai l ed s t ep s a re n e ed ed fo r t h e

s et u p o f mo d el i n g fi l es fo r s o u rce

- s p eci fi c ap p l i cat i o n s o f s u b reg i o n al d o m ai n s fi n er t h an 4 k m.

T h e b as i c p ro ced u res t h at w i l l ap p l y t o al l CA L P U FF mo d el ap p l i cat i o n s w i l l i n cl u d e a

co n fi rmat i o n o f t h e s o u rce d at a , i n cl u d i n g u n i t s , v eri fi cat i o n o f t h e co rrect s o u rce an d r ecep t o r
l o cat i o n s , i n cl u d i n g d at u m an d p ro j ect i o n , co n fi r ma t i o n o f t h e s w i t ch s el ect i o n s rel at i v e t o

mo d el i n g g u i d an ce, ch e ck s o f t h e p ro g ra m s w i t ch es an d fi l e n ames fo r t h e v ari o u s p ro ces s i n g

s t ep s , an d co n fi r mat i o n o f t h e u s e o f t h e p ro p er v ers i o n an d l ev el o f each mo d el p ro g ra m. It i s a

co m mo n an d reco m men d ed p ro ced u r e fo r an i n d ep en d en t mo d el e r n o t i n v o l v ed i n t h e s et u p o f

t h e mo d el i n g fi l es t o i n d ep en d en t l y co n fi rm t h e mo d el s w i t ch es an d d at a en t ry i n t h e act u al

mo d el i n p u t fi l es an d t o co n d u ct an i n d ep en d en t ru n o f t h e w o rs t cas e ev en t as a co n fi r mat i o n
ch eck

.

In ad d i t i o n , co mmo n p ract i ce req u i res t h at a mo d el p ro j ect CD (o r D V D o r s et o f D V D s ) b e

creat ed t h at co n t ai n s al l o f t h e d at a an d p ro g r am fi l es n eed ed t o rep ro d u ce t h e mo d el res u l t s

p res en t ed i n a rep o rt

. T h e mo d el l i s t fi l es fro m each s t ep are i n cl u d ed o n t h e p ro j ect CD

. T h i s
i n fo rmat i o n al l o w s i n d ep en d en t ch eck i n g an d co n fi r ma t i o n o f t h e mo d el i n g p ro ces s

.

6

. 2

. 2 Q ua l i t

y Co nt r o l o f Ap p l i ca t i o n o f C AL M E T

Fo r u s ers o f t h e V I S T A S C A L P U F F

- re ad y C A L M E T m et eo ro l o g i cal fi l es , a n u mb e r o f l arg e
d at afi l es w i l l b e p ro v i d ed b y V IS T A S o n ex t ern al U S B 2 o r Fi re w i re h ard d ri v es i n a fo rm at read y
fo r u s e w i t h t h e C A L P U FF mo d el

. T h e Q A s t ep s as s o ci at ed w i t h t h e d ev el o p men t o f t h e

V I S T A S co m mo n d at as et s w i l l b e p ro v i d ed s ep arat el y as p art o f t h e mo d el i n g d o cu m en t at i o n

. It

i s n o t ex p ect ed t h at t h e Q A s t ep s co n d u ct ed i n t h e d ev el o p men t o f t h e met eo ro l o g i cal d at as et s

w i l l b e rep e at ed i n each ap p l i cat i o n , al t h o u g h t es t s t o co n fi rm t h at t h e d at as et i s s u i t ab l e fo r t h e

ap p l i cat i o n fo r w h i ch i t i s b ei n g u s ed s h o u l d b e p erfo rmed as p a rt o f t h e Q A

. T h i s i s d i s cu s s ed i n

mo re d et ai l b el o w

.

T h e reg i o n al s c reen i n g C A L M E T g ri d i s d e fi n ed i n Ch ap t er 4 o n a 1 2

- k m L a mb ert Co n fo r mal

Co n i c ( L CC ) g ri d s y s t e m. T h e s u b reg i o n al an d s o u rc e

- s p eci fi c d o m ai n s m a y b e d efi n ed i n ei t h er

L CC o r U n i v e rs al T ran s v e rs e Me rcat o r ( U T M) co o rd i n at es

. In t h e cas e o f t h e L CC p ro j ect i o n , t w o m at ch i n g p aral l el s , l at i t u d e/ l o n g i t u d e o f t h e p ro j ect i o n o ri g i n , co o rd i n at e d at u m, an d fal s e

E as t i n g an d N o rt h i n g (i f u s ed ) o f t h e p ro j ec t i o n o ri g i n mu s t al s o b e d efi n ed

. Fo r an y d o mai n s i n

U T M co o rd i n at es , t h e U T M zo n e (s ee A p p en d i x D o f t h e CA L M E T U s er’s G u i d e) an d d at u m

mu s t b e d efi n ed

. T h e ap p ro p ri at e p ro j ect i o n an d map f act o rs ar e p ro v i d ed as p art o f t h e
d efi n i t i o n o f t h e V IS T A S reg i o n al g ri d s y s t em. Fo r a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c d o mai n , t h e g ri d p aram et ers

w i l l b e p ro v i d ed as p art o f t h e s o u rc e

- s p e ci fi c p ro t o co l

.Q u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 6 1 A

p p en d i x A o f t h e I W A Q M rep o rt (E P A

, 1 9 9 8 ) co n t ai n s a l i s t o f reco mmen d ed C A L M E T s w i t ch

s et t i n g s

. E x cep t as mo d i fi ed i n Ch ap t er 4 o f t h i s p ro t o co l o r i n a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l

, t h e

I W A Q M g u i d an ce s h o u l d b e u s ed i n s et t i n g u p t h e C A L M E T s i mu l at i o n s

. T h e C A L M E T mo d el

o b t ai n s t h e s w i t ch s et t i n g s fro m an A SC II “co n t ro l fi l e” w i t h a d ef au l t n am e o f C A L M E T

. I N P.

W h et h er t h e mo d el i s ru n u s i n g a G U I o r f ro m t h e co n t ro l l i n e i n a D O S

, L i n u x , o r U n i x w i n d o w , i t i s es s en t i al t h at t h e co n t ro l fi l e b e rev i ew ed as p art o f t h e C A L M E T Q A an al y s i s

. T h e
C A L M E T G U I ret ai n s al l o f t h e i n p u t d es cri p t i v e i n fo rmat i o n t h at i s p art o f t h e s t an d ard

C A L P U FF

. I N P fi l e s t ru ct u re. T h i s i n cl u d es t h e d ef au l t v al u e fo r e ach v a ri ab l e, a t ex t d es cri p t i o n

o f t h e v a ri ab l e, t h e mean i n g o f e ach v ari ab l e o p t i o n , t h e u n i t s o f t h e v ari ab l e an d i n t er

rel at i o n s h i p s amo n g v ari ab l es i n d i cat i n g i f/ w h en t h e v ari ab l e i s u s ed

. So me t h i rd

- p a rt y

co m merci al G U Is s t ri p o u t t h i s d es cri p t i v e i n fo rmat i o n , w h i ch m ak es t h e Q A s t ep mo re d i ffi cu l t

, al t h o u g h i t i s es s en t i al fo r p erfo rm n o n et h el es s u s i n g t h e v ari ab l e n a mes as re fer en ces fo r t h e

v ari ab l es i n t h e fi l e.

Part o f t h e C A L P U F F mo d el i n g s y s t em’s b u i l t

- i n Q A cap ab i l i t i es i s a v ari ab l e t r ack i n g s y s t em

t h at ret ai n s t h e co n t ro l fi l e i n p u t s fo r C A L M E T an d C A L P U FF i n t h e o u t p u t fi l es cre at e b y t h e

mo d el s

. T h i s i n fo r mat i o n i n cl u d es t h e V ers i o n an d L ev el n u mb ers o f t h e p ro ces s o r co d es an d

mai n mo d el co d es u s ed i n t h e s i mu l at i o n s as w el l as t h e co n t ro l fi l es fro m t h e mai n mo d el s (C A L M E T an d C A L P U FF ). T h e i n fo rm at i o n fro m t h e p rep ro ces s i n g s t ep s an d t h e CA L M E T

an d C A L P U F F mo d el s i mu l at i o n s i s al l carri ed fo r w ard an d s av ed i n t h e
C A L P U FF/ p o s t p ro ces s o r o u t p u t fi l es s o t h at t h e fi n al c o n cen t rat i o n / fl u x fi l es co n t ai n a h i s t o ry o f

t h e mo d el o p t i o n s an d s w i t ch s et t i n g s

. T h i s al l o w s a u s er o r rev i e w i n g ag en cy t o co n fi r m t h e

s w i t ch s et t i n g s p ro v i d ed i n a co n t ro l fi l e w i t h t h at act u al l y u s ed i n t h e m o d el s i mu l at i o n s

. A n

o p t i o n al s w i t ch i n t h e CA L P O S T p ro ces s o r cre at es a c o mp l et e l i s t i n g o f t h e Q A d at a

. T h i s s t ep

req u i res acc es s t o t h e o u t p u t CA L P U FF co n cen t rat i o n an d / o r fl u x fi l es , w h i ch are n o rm al l y

p ract i cal t o s t o re o n C D s o r D V D s an d t o p ro v i d e a p a r t o f t h e Pro j ect C D / D V D s et

.

6

. 2

. 3 Q ua l i t

y Co nt r o l o f Ap p l i ca t i o n o f C AL P U F

F

T h e q u al i t y as s u ran ce o f t h e s o u rc e an d e mi s s i o n s d at a i s a maj o r co mp o n en t o f t h e C A L P U FF

mo d el i n g

. A l s o , m an y erro rs are fo u n d i n s o u rce co o rd i n at es an d rel at ed p ro j e ct i o n / d at u m

p aram et ers , s o co n fi rm at i o n o f t h e s o u r ce l o c at i o n i s an i mp o rt an t p a rt o f t h e mo d el i n g Q A

.

T h e l o cat i o n s o f t h e Cl as s I are a r ecep t o rs are an o t h e r i mp o rt an t C A L P U FF i n p u t

. T h e u s e o f

p re

- d efi n ed rec ep t o rs as p ro v i d ed b y t h e N at i o n al Park Se rv i ce ( N P S) rec ep t o r d at as et i s

reco m men d ed i n t h e V IS T A S co mmo n p ro t o co l

. H o w ev er, al t h o u g h t h e l at i t u d e an d l o n g i t u d e o f

each r ecep t o r p o i n t i s p ro v i d ed

, i t i s n eces s ary t o en s u re t h at t h e p ro p er U T M o r L C C co o rd i n at es
h av e b een co mp u t ed fo r co mp u t at i o n al d o ma i n s el ect ed

. In p art i cu l ar, t h e d at u m o f t h e N PS

co n v ers i o n s o ft w are i s n o t s p eci fi ed

, s o i t i s reco mm e n d ed t h at co o rd i n at es b e ch eck ed u s i n g t h e
C A L P U FF G U I’s C O O R D S s o ft w are o r an o t h er co mp arab l e co o rd i n at e t ran s l at i o n s o ft w a re

p ack ag e t h at re co g n i zes v a ri o u s d at u ms

.

Mo s t o f t h e C A L P U FF i n p u t v ari ab l es co n t ai n d efau l t v al u es

. A p p en d i x B o f t h e I W A Q M rep o rt

co n t ai n s a l i s t o f reco mm en d ed C A L P U FF s w i t ch s et t i n g s

. E x c ep t as mo d i fi ed i n Ch ap t e r 4 o fQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 6 2 t h i s p ro t o co l o r i n a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l

, t h e I W A Q M g u i d an ce s h o u l d b e u s ed i n s et t i n g u p

t h e C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n s

. T h e C A L P U F F mo d el o b t ai n s t h e s w i t ch s et t i n g s fro m an A S CI I

“co n t ro l fi l e” w i t h a d efau l t n ame cal l ed t h e C A L P U FF

. I N P fi l e

. A s i s t h e cas e w i t h t h e

co mp ar ab l e C A L M E T fi l e, i t i s es s en t i al t h a t t h e co n t r o l fi l e b e rev i e w ed man u al l y as p art o f t h e
C A L P U FF Q A an al y s i s

. T o fa ci l i t at e t h i s p ro ces s , as w as t h e cas e w i t h t h e C A L M E T G U I, t h e
C A L P U FF G U I ret ai n s al l o f t h e i n p u t d es cri p t i v e i n fo rmat i o n t h at i s p art o f t h e s t an d ard

C A L P U FF

. I N P fi l e s t r u ct u re. So me t h i rd

- p art y co mm erci al G U Is s t ri p o u t t h i s d es cri p t i v e
i n fo rmat i o n , w h i ch m ak es t h e Q A s t ep mo re d i f fi c u l t

, al t h o u g h i t i s es s en t i al fo r p erfo r m

n o n et h el es s u s i n g t h e v ari ab l e n am es as re feren ces fo r t h e v ari ab l es i n t h e fi l e

.

6

. 2

. 4 Q ua l i t

y C o nt r o l o f Ap p l i ca t i o n o f C AL P O S T a n d P O S T U T I

L

C A L P O S T i s ru n s ep arat el y fo r each Cl as s I ar ea i n o rd er t o o b t ai n t h e n eces s ary v i s i b i l i t y

s t at i s t i cs fo r ev al u at i n g co mp l i an ce w i t h t h e BA R T s cr een i n g an d fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g t h res h o l d s

. T h e i n p u t s t o C A L P O S T i n v o l v e s el e ct i o n o f t h e v i s i b i l i t y met h o d (M et h o d 6 i n t h e s t an d ard

E P A B A R T g u i d an ce ), en t ry o f Cl as s I a rea

- s p eci fi c d at a fo r co mp u t i n g b ack g ro u n d ex t i n ct i o n (ei t h er av erag e o r b es t 2 0 % n at u ral co n d i t i o n s , as p res cri b ed b y t h e St at e) an d mo n t h l y rel a t i v e
h u mi d i t y fact o rs fo r h y g ro s co p i c aero s o l s

. C A L P O S T co n t ai n s a rec ep t o r s cr een i n g t h at al l o w

s u b s et s o f a recep t o r n et w o rk mo d el i n g i n CA L P U F F t o b e s el ect ed fo r p ro ces s i n g i n a g i v en
C A L P O S T ru n

. T h i s i s h o w r ecep t o rs w i t h i n a s i n g l e Cl as s I are a ar e s el ect ed fo r p ro c es s i n g
fro m a C A L P U F F o u t p u t fi l e t h at may co n t ai n recep t o rs fro m s ev eral Cl as s I areas

. CA L P O S T

co n t ai n s o p t i o n s fo r creat i n g p l o t fi l es t h at w i l l h el p i n t h e co n fi rmat i o n t h at t h e p ro p er recep t o r

s u b s et i s ex t ract ed

.

T h e C A L P O S T o u t p u t fi l e co n t ai n s a l i s t i n g o f t h e h i g h es t v i s i b i l i t y i mp act each d ay o f t h e mo d el

s i mu l at i o n o v er al l re cep t o rs i n cl u d ed i n C A L P O S T an al y s i s

. Rec ep t o rs w i l l n o rmal l y b e

s el ect ed i n each C A L P O S T ru n s o t h at e ach C A L P O ST ru n rep r es en t s t h e i mp act s at a s i n g l e
Cl as s I ar ea. T h e t ab l e i n cl u d es t h e d at a s h o w n i n t h e ex a mp l e i n T ab l e 4

- 1

. Fo r a s cr een i n g

as s es s men t

, t h e p eak v al u e o f t h e ch an g e i n ex t i n ct i o n i s s h o w n at t h e b o t t o m o f t h e v i s i b i l i t y

t ab l e (s ee T ab l e 4

- 1 ). Fo r a fi n er g ri d s i mu l at i o n , t h e 9 8 t h p ercen t i l e v al u e (8 t h h i g h es t d ay ) i s

u s ed fo r co mp a ri s o n ag ai n s t t h e B A R T t h res h o l d o f 0

. 5 d eci v i e w s

. It i s n ec es s ary t o i mp o rt t h e

res u l t s o f t h e CA L P O S T t ab l e i n t o a s o rt i n g p ro g ram s u ch as a s p read s h eet t o ran k t h e d ai l y
ch an g e i n ex t i n ct i o n v al u es s u c h as i s p res en t ed i n T ab l e 4

- 2

.

T h e C A L P O S T i n p u t s t h at n eed t o b e carefu l l y ch eck ed as p art o f t h e CA L P O S T q u al i t y

as s u ran ce ar e:

- V i s i b i l i t y t ech n i q u e (Met h o d 6 i n t h e co m mo n V I S T A S p ro t o co l )

- Mo n t h l y Cl as s I

- s p e ci fi c rel at i v e h u mi d i t y fact o rs fo r Me t h o d 6

- B ack g ro u n d l i g h t ex t i n ct i o n v al u esQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 6 3 - In cl u s i o n o f al l ap p ro p ri at e s p eci es f ro m mo d el ed s o u rces ( e. g

. , s u l fat e , n i t rat e ,

o rg an i cs , ( as S O A ), co a rs e an d fi n e p art i cu l at e m at t er a n d el em en t al c arb o n

.

- A p p ro p ri at e s p eci es n am es fo r co a rs e P M u s ed

- E x t i n ct i o n effi ci en ci es fo r ea ch s p eci es

- A p p ro p ri at e Ray l ei g h s cat t eri n g t e rm (1 0 Mm - 1 fo r s creen i n g mo d el i n g b u t Cl as s I area

s p eci fi c v al u e fo r fi n er g ri d mo d el i n g )

- S creen t o s el e ct ap p ro p ri at e Cl as s I rec ep t o rs fo r ea ch C A L P O S T s i mu l at i o n

.

T h e C A L P O S T p ro g ra m p ro d u ces p l o t fi l es co mp at i b l e w i t h C A L V I E W t h at al l o w co n fi r mat i o n

o f re cep t o r l o c at i o n s t h at i s u s efu l i n ev al u at i n g t h e re c ep t o r s cre en i n g s t ep

.

P O S T U T I L al l o w s t h e u s er t o s u m t h e co n t ri b u t i o n s o f s o u rces fro m d i ffe ren t C A L P U F F

s i mu l at i o n s i n t o a t o t al co n cen t rat i o n fi l e. In ad d i t i o n , i t co n t ai n s o p t i o n s t o s cal e t h e

co n cen t rat i o n s fro m d i ff eren t mo d el ed s p eci es (e. g

. , d i f feren t p art i cl e s i z es ) i n t o s p eci es

d ep en d en t s i ze d i s t ri b u t i o n s fo r t h e p art i cu l at e m at t er. Fo r ex amp l e , P M i s o f t en s i mu l at ed w i t h

u n i t emi s s i o n rat es fo r each p art i cl e s i z e c at eg o ry an d

, i n t h e P O S T U T I L s t ag e , t h e co n t ri b u t i o n s

o f each s i ze cat eg o ry b as ed o n t h e s p e ci es b ei n g c o n s i d ered (e. g

. , el e men t al c arb o n , co ars e

p art i cu l at e m at t er, et c. ) are co mb i n ed t o fo rm t h e s p eci es co n c en t rat i o n s fo r i n p u t i n t o
C A L P O S T

. T h i s p ro ces s , al t h o u g h s i mp l e, req u i res a care fu l rev i e w o f t h e w ei g h t i n g fact o rs fo r
each s o u rce

. P O S T U T I L al s o al l o w s a rep a rt i t i o n i n g o f n i t ri c aci d an d n i t rat e t o acco u n t fo r t h e
effe ct s o f am mo n i a l i mi t i n g co n d i t i o n s

.

If s o u rc e

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g i s p erfo r med u s i n g d i ff ere n t s o u rces o f d at a o r d i ffe ren t t ech n i q u es , t h e s o u rce

- s p e ci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l s h o u l d p ro v i d e j u s t i fi cat i o n fo r d ev i at i o n s fro m t h e

V I S T A S co m mo n p ro t o co l

, an d a Q A p l an s p eci fi c f o r t h e ap p l i cat i o n p ro v i d ed t o ad d res s t h e

q u al i t y as s u ran ce o f t h e d at a u s ed

.



### 6. 3 A d d i t i o n al Q A I s s u e s f or A l t e r n at i ve S ou r c e

- S p e c i f i c M od e l i n g

T h e l ev el o f Q A req u i r ed fo r ap p l i cat i o n o f s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l s w i l l b e s u b s t an t i al l y h i g h er

t h an fo r t h e u s e o f d at as et s t h at h av e al read y b een s u b j ect t o a Q A p ro c ed u re

. Fo r ex a mp l e,

s o u rce

- s p eci fi c p ro t o co l s m ay i n cl u d e t h e u s e o f o n

- s i t e met eo ro l o g i cal d at as et s , t h e u s e o f h i g h er

res o l u t i o n p ro g n o s t i c met eo ro l o g i cal (e

. g

. , M M5 ) d at as et s , al t ern at i v e v i s i b i l i t y cal cu l at i o n s , d i fferen t ex t i n ct i o n co effi ci en t s , o r o t h er ch an g es t o t h e co m mo n p ro t o co l

. In ad d i t i o n t o

p ro v i d i n g a s o u rce

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g p ro t o co l d es cri b i n g an d j u s t i fy i n g t h e ch an g es t o t h e

mo d el i n g ap p ro ach fro m t h e V IS T A S co m mo n p ro t o co l

, t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c ap p l i cat i o n s s h o u l d

i n cl u d e t h e d ev el o p men t o f a Q A p l an t o p ro p erl y ev al u at e t h e d at a u s ed i n t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c

mo d el i n g

.

T h e cri t i cal C A L M E T i n p u t p aramet ers d ep en d o n t h e mo d e i n w h i ch t h e mo d el i s ru n (o b s erv at i o n s mo d e, h y b ri d mo d e o r n o

- o b s erv at i o n s mo d e), an d t h e l o cat i o n an d s p at i alQ u a l i t y A s s u r a n c e 6 4 rep res en t at i v en es s o f an y o b s erv at i o n al d at a. In a s i t e s p eci fi c p ro t o co l i n v o l v i n g t h e
d ev el o p men t o f a m et eo ro l o g i cal d at as et

, t h e el e men t s o f t h e Q A p ro ces s i n cl u d e p rep a rat i o n o f

w i n d ro s e (u s i n g o b s erv ed

, M M5 an d C A L M E T

- d eri v ed d at a), i n cl u d i n g ex a mi n at i o n o f t h e d at a

as a fu n ct i o n o f s eas o n an d t i me o f d ay (e. g

. , 4 a m, 1 0 am, 4 p m w i n d ro s es )

, t i me s eri es an al y s es ,

an d p res en t at i o n o f 2

- D v ect o r p l o t s i l l u s t rat i n g t errai n effect s / s ea b re eze ci rcu l at i o n o r o t h er
feat u res o f t h e fl o w ex p ect ed t o o ccu r w i t h i n t h e d o mai n

. Fo r ex a mp l e, 2

- D v ect o r p l o t s

p ro d u ced d u ri n g l i g h t w i n d s p eed s t ab l e co n d i t i o n s (e. g

. , e arl y mo rn i n g s u ch as 4 a m) are g o o d

fo r as s es s i n g t h e p erfo rman ce o f t h e C A L M E T mo d el co n fi g u ra t i o n an d s w i t ch es i n rep ro d u ci n g

t errai n e ffe ct s b ecau s e t h es e co n d i t i o n s are l i k el y t o max i mi z e t h e t errai n i mp act s i n t h e mo d el

. Seas o n w i n d ro s es at 4 am , 1 0 a m an d 4 p m w o u l d b e ex p ect ed t o s h o w t h e d ev el o p men t o f s e a
b reez e ci rcu l at i o n s t h at may b e i mp o rt an t fo r c ert ai n ap p l i cat i o n s

. Cu s t o mi zat i o n o f t h e Q A

p ro ces s fo r t h e i n d i v i d u al s i t e

- s p eci fi c d o mai n b as ed o n t h e av ai l ab i l i t y o f d at a an d t h e p h y s i cal

p ro ces s es ex p ect ed t o b e i mp o rt an t at t h at l o cat i o n s h o u l d b e co n d u ct ed as p art o f t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c Q A p l an d ev el o p men t

.

If s i t e

- s p eci fi c C A L P U FF s i mu l at i o n s i n v o l v i n g t h e A mmo n i a L i mi t i n g Met h o d ar e co n d u ct ed

, p erfo r man c e o f t h e mo d el i n rep ro d u ci n g o b s erv ed C A S T N et o r I MP R O V E s u l fat e an d n i t rat e

co n cen t rat i o n s at meas u r em en t s i t es w i t h i n t h e s i t e

- s p eci fi c mo d el i n g d o mai n s h o u l d b e

ev al u at ed

. T h e u s e o f al t ern at i v e am mo n i a co n cen t r a t i o n d at a (e. g

. , CM A Q o u t p u t rat h er t h an
d eri v ed am mo n i a b as ed o n a ero s o l me as u re men t s ) w i l l req u i re an ev al u at i o n o f t h e mo d el

p erfo r man c e r el at i v e t o t h e t e ch n i q u es i n t h e V IS T A S c o mmo n p ro t o co l

.

In an y s i t e

- s p e ci fi c p ro t o co l a s i t e

- s p eci fi c Q A p l an s h o u l d b e p rep a red

.



### 6. 4 A s s e s s m e n t of U n c e r t ai n t y i n M od e l i n g R e s u l t s

Ch ap t er 3 d i s cu s s ed t h e u n cert ai n t i es an d k n o w n l i mi t at i o n s i n CA L P U F F. T h e s o u rc e s p eci fi c

mo d el i n g rep o rt d o es n o t n eed t o rep eat t h e u n cert ai n t i es l i s t ed i n Ch ap t er 3

, b u t t h e rev i e w e r

s h o u l d i n t erp ret res u l t s i n l i g h t o f t h es e l i mi t at i o n s

. It i s ex p ect ed t h at t h e p erfo rm an ce o f t h e

mo d el w i l l b e b et t er i n p red i ct i n g ch an g es i n v i s i b i l i t y i mp act s d u e t o B A R T co n t ro l s t h an i n

p red i ct i n g ab s o l u t e v i s i b i l i t y v al u es

. T h i s i s b ecau s e u n cert ai n t i es i n met eo ro l o g i cal co n d i t i o n s

t ran s p o rt an d d i s p ers i o n are ex p ect ed t o b e l es s i mp o rt an t i n ev al u at i n g a ch an g e i n i mp act

, s i n c e

a co mp ar ab l e e ffe ct w i l l b e i n cl u d ed i n b o t h t h e b as e an d s en s i t i v i t y s i mu l at i o n s

.R e f e r e n c e s 6 5 

## 7. R E F E R E N C E S

A l l w i n e, K

. J

. an d C

. D

. W h i t em an , 1 9 8 5 : ME L S A R : A Mes o s cal e A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el fo r Co mp l ex

T e rrai n : V o l u me 1

-- O v erv i e w , T ech n i cal D es cri p t i o n an d U s er ' s G u i d e. P aci fi c N o rt h w es t L ab o r at o ry , Ri ch l an d

, W as h i n g t o n

.

Bat ch v aro v a, E

. an d S

. - E

. G ry n i n g , 1 9 9 1 : A p p l i ed mo d el fo r t h e g ro w t h o f t h e d ay t i m e mi x ed l ay er.

B o u n d a r

y

- La yer M et eo r o l

. , 5 6

, 2 6 1

- 2 7 4

.

Bat ch v aro v a, E

. an d S

. - E

. G ry n i n g , 1 9 9 4 : A n ap p l i ed mo d el fo r t h e h ei g h t o f t h e d ay t i me mi x ed l ay er

an d t h e en t r ai n men t zo n e. B o u n d a r

y

- La yer M et eo r o l

. , 7 1

, 3 1 1

- 3 2 3

.

Ben j a mi n , S

. G

, D

. D ev en y i

, S

. S

. W ey g an d t

, K

. J

. B ru n d ag e, J

. M

. Bro w n , G

. A

. G rel l

, D

. K i m, B. E

. Sch w art z, T

. G

. S mi rn o v a, T

. L

. Smi t h

, an d G

. S. Man i k i n , 2 0 0 4 : A n H o u rl y A s s i mi l at i o n Fo rec as t Cy cl e:

t h e R U C, M o n

. W ea

. R e v

. , 1 3 2

, 4 9 5

- 5 1 8

.

Cars o n , D

. J

. , 1 9 7 3 : T h e d ev el o p m en t o f a d ry , i n v ers i o n

- cap p ed

, co n v ect i v el y u n s t ab l e b o u n d ary l ay er. Q u a r t

. J. R o y. M et eo r

. S o c

. , 9 9

, 4 5 0

- 4 6 7

.

Ch an g , J

. C

. P. Fr an zes e , K

. Ch ay an t rak o m an d S

. R

. H an n a, 2 0 0 1 : E v al u at i o n s o f C A L P U F F, H P A C an d

V L S T R A C K w i t h T w o M es o s cal e Fi el d D at as et s

. J

. A p

p l i ed M et eo r o l o g y , 4 2 (4 ): 4 5 3

- 4 6 6

.

D ep art m en t o f t h e In t eri o r, 2 0 0 3 : L et t er fro m t h e A s s i s t an t Secret ary o f t h e In t eri o r t o t h e D i rect o r o f t h e

Mo n t an a D ep art men t o f E n v i ro n men t al Q u al i t y

.

D o u g l as , S

. an d R. K es s l er , 1 9 8 8 : U s er' s G u i d e t o t h e D i ag n o s t i c W i n d Mo d el

. Cal i fo rn i a A i r Res o u r ces

Bo ard

, S acr am en t o , Cal i fo rn i a.

E d g ert o n , E

. , 2 0 0 4 : N at u ral So u r ces o f P M2

. 5 an d PM co ars e O b s erv ed i n t h e S E A RC H N et w o rk

. Pres en t ed at t h e A & W M A Sp eci al t y Co n fer en ce o n R eg i o n al an d G l o b al Pe rs p ect i v es i n H a ze: Cau s es , Co n s eq u en ces an d Co n t ro v ers i es , A s h ev i l l e, N C, O ct o b er 2 0 0 4

.

E n v i ro n m en t al P ro t ect i o n A g en cy , 2 0 0 3 a: G u i d an c e fo r T ra ck i n g Pro g r es s u n d er t h e Reg i o n al H a ze Ru l e;

E P A

- 5 4 / B

- 0 3

- 0 0 4

, U

. S. E n v i ro n m en t al Pro t e ct i o n A g e n cy , Res ea rch T ri an g l e Park

, N C.

E n v i ro n m en t al Pro t e ct i o n A g en cy , 2 0 0 3 b : G u i d an ce f o r E s t i mat i n g N at u ral V i s i b i l i t y Co n d i t i o n s u n d er

t h e Reg i o n al H az e Ru l e. E P A

- 4 5 4 / B

- 0 3

- 0 0 5

. U

. S

. E n v i ro n men t al Pr o t ect i o n A g en cy , R es ear ch T ri an g l e
Park

, N C.

E n v i ro n m en t al P ro t ect i o n A g en cy , 1 9 9 8 : Ph as e 2 Su m mary R ep o rt an d Re co m men d at i o n s fo r Mo d el i n g

L o n g Ran g e T r an s p o rt an d Imp act s

. In t er ag en cy W o rk g ro u p o n A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el i n g (IW A Q M ). E P A

4 5 4 / R

- 9 8

- 0 1 9

, U

. S

. E n v i ro n m en t al P ro t ect i o n A g en cy , R T P

, N C.R e f e r e n c e s 6 6 E s co f fi er

- Czaj a, C.

, an d J

. Sci r e. 2 0 0 2 : T h e E ffe ct s o f A mmo n i a L i mi t at i o n o n N i t rat e A ero s o l Fo r mat i o n

an d V i s i b i l i t y Imp act s i n Cl as s I A reas

. Pap er J 5

. 1 3

, 1 2 t h A MS/ A & W M A Co n f eren ce o n t h e A p p l i cat i o n s

o f A i r Po l l u t i o n Met eo ro l o g y , N o rfo l k

, V A

. M ay 2 0 0 2

.

Fai ral l

, C

. W

. , E

. F

. Brad l ey , J

. E

. H are , A

. A

. G ra ch ev , a n d J

. B

. E d s o n , 2 0 0 3 :

Bu l k p ara met e ri zat i o n o f ai r

- s e a fl u x es : U p d at es an d v e ri fi cat i o n fo r

t h e C O A R E al g o ri t h m. Jo u r n a l o f Cl i m a t e , 1 6

, 5 7 1

- 5 9 1

.

Fal l o n , S

. an d G

. B en ch

, 2 0 0 4 : IM PR O V E Sp e ci al St u d y : H i

- V o l Sa mp l i n g fo r Carb o n

- 1 4 A n al y s i s o f

PM 2

. 5 A ero s o l s

. D raft Rep o rt

, L a w ren c e L i v er mo r e N at i o n al L ab o rat o ry

.

FL A G

, 2 0 0 0

. Fed eral L an d M an ag ers ’ A i r Q u al i t y Re l at ed V al u es W o rk g ro u p (F L A G ). Ph as e I Rep o rt

. U

. S. F o res t S erv i ce , N at i o n al Pa rk S erv i ce , U

. S

. Fi s h a n d W i l d l i fe Se rv i ce.

G r el l

, G

. A

. , J

. D u d h i a , an d D

. R. St au ff er, 1 9 9 5 : A D es cri p t i o n o f t h e Fi ft h G en e rat i o n Pen n St at e/ N C A R

MM5

, N C A R T N

- 3 9 8

- S T R

, N C A R T ech n i cal N o t e

.

G ro s j e an , D

. , an d J

. Sei n f el d

, 1 9 8 9 : Par am et eri zat i o n o f t h e Fo rmat i o n Po t en t i al o f Seco n d ary O rg an i c
A e ro s o l s

. A t m o s

. E n vi r o n

. , 2 3

, 1 7 3 3

- 1 7 4 7

.

H o l t s l ag , A

. A

. M. an d A

. P

. v an U l d en , 1 9 8 3 : A s i mp l e s ch eme fo r d ay t i me es t i mat es o f t h e s u rf ace fl u x es
fro m ro u t i n e w e at h er d at a. J. Cl i m

. a n d A p

p l

. M et eo r

. , 2 2

, 5 1 7

- 5 2 9

.

Ir w i n , J

. S.

, J

. S. S ci re an d D

. G

. St ri mai t i s , 1 9 9 6 : A Co mp a ri s o n o f C A L P U FF Mo d el i n g Res u l t s w i t h

C A P T E X Fi el d D at a R es u l t s

. In A i r Po l l u t i o n Mo d el i n g an d It s A p p l i cat i o n s , X II. E d i t ed b y S

. E

. G ry n i n g an d F

. A

. S ch i erm ei er

. Pl en u m P res s , N e w Y o rk

, N Y

.

I W A Q M

, 1 9 9 8 : In t erag en cy W o rk g ro u p o n A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el i n g (IW A Q M) Ph as e 2 Su mm ary R ep o rt

an d R eco m men d at i o n s fo r Mo d el i n g L o n g R an g e T ran s p o rt Imp a ct s

. E P A

- 4 5 4 / R

- 9 8

- 0 1 9

.

L i u , M. K

. an d M

. A

. Y o ck e , 1 9 8 0 : Si t i n g o f w i n d t u rb i n e g en erat o rs i n co mp l ex t errai n

. J. E n er g

y , 4

, 1 0 : 1 6

.

Mah rt

, L

. , 1 9 8 2 : Mo m en t u m Bal an ce o f G r av i t y Fl o w s

. J. A t m o s

. S ci

. , 3 9

, 2 7 0 1

- 2 7 1 1

.

Mau l

, P. R.

, 1 9 8 0 : A t mo s p h e ri c t ran s p o rt o f s u l fu r co mp o u n d p o l l u t an t s

. Cen t ral E l e ct ri ci t y G en erat i n g
Bu reau MI D / S S D / 8 0 / 0 0 2 6 / R. N o t t i n g h am, E n g l an d

.

Mo rri s , R.

, C. T an g an d G

. Y a r w o o d

, 2 0 0 3 : E v al u at i o n o f t h e Su l fat e an d N i t rat e Fo r mat i o n M ech an i s m
i n t h e C A L P U FF Mo d el i n g Sy s t e m. Pro c eed i n g s o f t h e A & W M A Sp e ci al t y Co n fer en ce

– G u i d el i n e o n

A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el s : T h e P at h Fo r w ard

. My s t i c, C T

, 2 2

- 2 4 O ct o b er 2 0 0 3

.

Mo rri s o n , K

. , Z

- X W u , J

. S

. Sci r e, J

. Ch en i e r an d T

. J effs

- Sch o n e w i l l e , 2 0 0 3 : CA L P U FF

- Bas ed

Pred i ct i v e an d R eact i v e E mi s s i o n s Co n t ro l Sy s t em

. 9 6 t h A & W M A A n n u al Co n fe ren c e & E x h i b i t i o n , 2 2

- 2 6 J u n e 2 0 0 3

, San D i eg o , C A

.R e f e r e n c e s 6 7 O ' Bri en , J

. J

. , 1 9 7 0 : A n o t e o n t h e v ert i cal s t ru ct u re o f t h e ed d y ex ch an g e co effi ci en t i n t h e p l an et ary
b o u n d ary l ay er

. J

. A t m o s

. S ci

. , 2 7

, 1 2 1 3

- 1 2 1 5

.

Pi t ch fo rd

, M

. , W

. Mal m, B

. Sch i ch t el

, N

. K u ma r, D

. L o w en t h al

, an d J

. H an d

, 2 0 0 5 : Rev i s ed IMP R O V E

A l g o ri t h m fo r E s t i mat i n g L i g h t E x t i n ct i o n fro m Pa rt i c l e Sp eci at i o n D at a

. R ep o rt t o IMP R O V E St ee ri n g
Co m mi t t ee, N o v emb er 2 0 0 5

Perry

, S

. G

. , D

. J

. Bu rn s , L

. H

. A d a ms , R. J

. P ai n e, M. G

. D en n i s , M

. T

. Mi l l s , D

. G

. St ri mai t i s , R. J

. Y a ma rt i n o , E

. M

. In s l ey , 1 9 8 9 : U s er’s G u i d e t o t h e Co mp l ex T errai n D i s p ers i o n Mo d el Pl u s A l g o ri t h ms
fo r U n s t ab l e Si t u at i o n s (C T D MP L U S) V o l u me 1 : Mo d el D es cri p t i o n an d U s er In s t ru ct i o n s

. E P A / 6 0 0 / 8

- 8 9 / 0 4 1

, U

. S

. E P A

, R es ear ch T ri an g l e P ark

, N o rt h Caro l i n a.

Sch u l man , L

. L

. , D

. G

. St ri mat i t i s , an d J

. S

. S ci re , 2 0 0 0 : D ev el o p men t an d E v al u at i o n o f t h e P RI M E Pl u m e
Ri s e an d Bu i l d i n g D o w n w as h Mo d el

, J. A i r & W a s t e M a n a g e

. A s s o c.
, 5 0

, 3 7 8

- 3 9 0

.

Sci re , J

. S

. , F. W

. L u r man n , A

. Bas s an d S

. R

. H an n a, 1 9 8 4 : D ev el o p men t o f t h e M E S O P U FF I I

D i s p ers i o n Mo d el

. E P A

- 6 0 0 / 3

- 8 4

- 0 5 7

, U

. S

. E n v i r o n men t al P ro t ect i o n A g en cy , R es ear ch T ri an g l e Pa rk

, N C.

Sci re , J

. S. an d F

. R

. Ro b e, 1 9 9 7 : Fi n e

- S cal e A p p l i cat i o n o f t h e C A L M E T Met eo ro l o g i cal Mo d el t o a
Co mp l ex T er rai n Si t e. Pap er 9 7

- A 1 3 1 3

. A i r & W as t e Man ag em en t A s s o ci at i o n 9 0 t h A n n u al Meet i n g &

E x h i b i t i o n , T o ro n t o , O n t ari o , C an ad a

. 8

- 1 3 J u n e 1 9 9 7

.

Sci re , J

. S.

, D

. G

. St ri mai t i s , an d R. J

. Y am art i n o , 2 0 0 0 a: A U s e r’s G u i d e fo r t h e C A L P U FF D i s p e rs i o n
Mo d el ( V ers i o n 5 )

. E a rt h T ech

, In c. , Co n co rd

, Mas s ach u s et t s

Sci re , J

. S

. , F. R. Ro b e, M. E

. F ern au , an d R

. J

. Y a ma r t i n o , 2 0 0 0 b : A U s e r’s G u i d e fo r t h e C A L M E T

Met eo ro l o g i cal Mo d el ( V ers i o n 5 )

. E art h T e ch

, In c

. , C o n co rd

, Mas s a ch u s et t s

.

Sci re , J

. S

. , Z

- X W u , D

. G

. St ri mai t i s an d G

. E

. Mo o re, 2 0 0 1 : T h e So u t h w es t W y o mi n g Reg i o n al

C A L P U FF A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el i n g St u d y

– V o l u me I. Prep a red fo r t h e W y o mi n g D ep t o f E n v i ro n men t al
Q u al i t y

. A v ai l ab l e fro m E a rt h T ech

, In c. , 1 9 6 Bak e r A v en u e, Co n co rd

, M A

.

Sci re , J

. S.

, Z

. - X

. W u , 2 0 0 3 : E v al u at i o n o f t h e CA L P U FF Mo d el i n Pred i ct i n g Co n cen t rat i o n , V i s i b i l i t y

an d d ep o s i t i o n at Cl as s I A reas i n W y o mi n g

. Pres en t ed at t h e A & W M A Sp e ci al t y Co n fer en ce , G u i d el i n e

o n A i r Q u al i t y Mo d el s : T h e Pat h Fo r w ard

. My s t i c, C T

, 2 2

- 2 4 O ct o b er 2 0 0 3

.

Sci re , J

. S.

, D

. G

. St ri mai t i s an d F. R. Ro b e, 2 0 0 5 : E v al u at i o n o f en h an cemen t s t o t h e CA L P U F F mo d el fo r

o ffs h o re an d co as t al ap p l i cat i o n s

. Pro ceed i n g s o f t h e T en t h In t ern at i o n al Co n fer en ce o n H ar mo n i s at i o n

w i t h i n A t mo s p h e ri c D i s p ers i o n Mo d el l i n g fo r Reg u l at o ry Pu rp o s es

. Si s s i (M al i a), C ret e , G ree ce

. 1 7

- 2 0

O ct o b e r 2 0 0 5

.

St ri mai t i s , D

. G

. , J

. S. S ci re an d J

. C

. Ch an g , 1 9 9 8 : E v al u at i o n o f t h e CA L P U F F D i s p ers i o n Mo d el w i t h

T w o Po w er Pl an t D at a S et s

. T en t h J o i n t Co n feren ce o n t h e A p p l i cat i o n s o f A i r Po l l u t i o n Met eo ro l o g y , Ph o en i x , A ri zo n a. A meri c an Met eo ro l o g i cal So ci et y

. 1 1

- 1 6 J an u ary 1 9 9 8

.R e f e r e n c e s 6 8 T an n e r, R

. , M. Z h en g , K

. L i m, J

. Sch au er , an d A

. P. M c N i ch o l

, 2 0 0 5

. Co n t ri b u t i o n s t o t h e O rg an i c

A e ro s o l Fract i o n i n t h e T en n es s e e V al l ey : Seas o n al an d U rb an

- Ru r al D i f feren ces

. Pap e r p res en t ed at t h e
A A A R In t ern at i o n al Sp e ci al t y Co n f eren ce, P M: Su p e rs i t e Pro g ra m an d Rel at ed St u d i es , A t l an t a , 7

- 1 1

Feb ru a ry 2 0 0 5

.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## A PPENDIX 

## B

S AMPLE 

### CALPUFF, POSTUTIL, AND 

### CALPOST I NPUT 

### F ILES

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## CALPUFF BATCH PROCESSING FILE

12-KM SCREENING ANALYSESruncpuff.bat 10/9/2006

REM OCFRBGA

REM BART APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS WITH UPDATED 12 KM CALMET

REM JBH 10.08.06

REM RUN 2001
CALL CALPUFFL.EXE OCFRBGA01.INP
CALL POSTUTILL.EXE OCFRBGAUT01.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSI01.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANJK01.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANGS01.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANCO01.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSR01.INP

REM RUN 2002
CALL CALPUFFL.EXE OCFRBGA02.INP
CALL POSTUTILL.EXE OCFRBGAUT02.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSI02.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSR02.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANJK02.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANGS02.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANCO02.INP

REM RUN 2003
CALL CALPUFFL.EXE OCFRBGA03.INP
CALL POSTUTILL.EXE OCFRBGAUT03.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSI03.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANSR03.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANJK03.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANGS03.INP
CALL CALPOSTL.EXE OCFRBGAVANCO03.INP

PAUSE

1

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## SAMPLE CALPUFF INPUT FILE

OCFRBGA01.INP
12-KM SCREENING A NALYSIS YEAR 2001OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

OC FAIRBURN GEORGIA

BART APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS 2001 SIPSEY/JOYCE KILMER/GREAT SMOKEY MOUNTAINS/COHUTTA/SHINING ROCK

---------------- Run title (3 lines)

------------------------------------------

CALPUFF MODEL CONTROL FILE

--------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 0

-- Input and Output File Names

-------------- Default Name Type File Name

------------ ---- --------- CALMET.DAT input * METDAT = *

or ISCMET.DAT input * ISCDAT = *

or PLMMET.DAT input * PLMDAT = *

or PROFILE.DAT input * PRFDAT = *
SURFACE.DAT input * SFCDAT = *
RESTARTB.DAT input * RSTARTB= *

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- CALPUFF.LST output ! PUFLST =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.LST !
CONC.DAT output ! CONDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.CON !
DFLX.DAT output ! DFDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.DRY !
WFLX.DAT output ! WFDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.WET !

VISB.DAT output ! VISDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.VIS !
RESTARTE.DAT output ! RSTARTE=T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.RES !

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Emission Files

-------------- PTEMARB.DAT input * PTDAT = *
VOLEMARB.DAT input * VOLDAT = *
BAEMARB.DAT input * ARDAT = *
LNEMARB.DAT input * LNDAT = *

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- Other Files

----------- OZONE.DAT input ! OZDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\OZONE\OZONE2001DOM4.DAT !
VD.DAT input * VDDAT = *
CHEM.DAT input * CHEMDAT= *
H2O2.DAT input * H2O2DAT= *
HILL.DAT input * HILDAT= *
HILLRCT.DAT input * RCTDAT= *
COASTLN.DAT input * CSTDAT= *
FLUXBDY.DAT input * BDYDAT= *
BCON.DAT input * BCNDAT= *
DEBUG.DAT output * DEBUG = *
MASSFLX.DAT output * FLXDAT= *
MASSBAL.DAT output * BALDAT= *
FOG.DAT output * FOGDAT= *

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- All file names will be converted to lower case if LCFILES = T Otherwise, if LCFILES = F, file names will be converted to UPPER CASE

T = lower case ! LCFILES = T !

F = UPPER CASE
NOTE: (1) file/path names can be up to 70 characters in length

1OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Provision for multiple input files

----------------------------------

Number of CALMET.DAT files for run (NMETDAT)
Default: 1 ! NMETDAT = 12 !

Number of PTEMARB.DAT files for run (NPTDAT)
Default: 0 ! NPTDAT = 0 !

Number of BAEMARB.DAT files for run (NARDAT)
Default: 0 ! NARDAT = 0 !

Number of VOLEMARB.DAT files for run (NVOLDAT)
Default: 0 ! NVOLDAT = 0 !

!END!

------------- Subgroup (0a)

-------------

The following CALMET.DAT filenames are processed in sequence if NMETDAT>1

Default Name Type File Name

------------ ---- ---------

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-01R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-02R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-03R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-04R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-05R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-06R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-07R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-08R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-09R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-10R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-11R.DAT !
!END!

none input ! METDAT=T:\VISTAS\DOMAIN0-2001\MET2001-12R.DAT !
!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--

INPUT GROUP: 1

-- General run control parameters

--------------

Option to run all periods found in the met. file (METRUN) Default: 0 ! METRUN = 0 !

METRUN = 0

- Run period explicitly defined below

METRUN = 1

- Run all periods in met. file

Starting date: Year (IBYR)

-- No default ! IBYR = 2001 ! (used only if Month (IBMO)

-- No default ! IBMO = 1 !

2OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

METRUN = 0) Day (IBDY)

-- No default ! IBDY = 1 !
Hour (IBHR)

-- No default ! IBHR = 1 !

Base time zone (XBTZ)

-- No default ! XBTZ = 5.0 !
PST = 8., MST = 7.
CST = 6., EST = 5.

Length of run (hours) (IRLG)

-- No default ! IRLG = 8760 !

Number of chemical species (NSPEC)
Default: 5 ! NSPEC = 19 !

Number of chemical species

to be emitted (NSE) Default: 3 ! NSE = 16 !

Flag to stop run after

SETUP phase (ITEST) Default: 2 ! ITEST = 2 ! (Used to allow checking
of the model inputs, files, etc.)

ITEST = 1

- STOPS program after SETUP phase

ITEST = 2

- Continues with execution of program after SETUP

Restart Configuration:

Control flag (MRESTART) Default: 0 ! MRESTART = 0 !

0 = Do not read or write a restart file

1 = Read a restart file at the beginning of
the run 2 = Write a restart file during run 3 = Read a restart file at beginning of run and write a restart file during run

Number of periods in Restart output cycle (NRESPD) Default: 0 ! NRESPD = 0 !

0 = File written only at last period

>0 = File updated every NRESPD periods

Meteorological Data Format (METFM)
Default: 1 ! METFM = 1 !

METFM = 1

- CALMET binary file (CALMET.MET)

METFM = 2

- ISC ASCII file (ISCMET.MET)

METFM = 3

- AUSPLUME ASCII file (PLMMET.MET)

METFM = 4

- CTDM plus tower file (PROFILE.DAT) and
surface parameters file (SURFACE.DAT)

METFM = 5

- AERMET tower file (PROFILE.DAT) and
surface parameters file (SURFACE.DAT)

Meteorological Profile Data Format (MPRFFM) (used only for METFM = 1, 2, 3)
Default: 1 ! MPRFFM = 1 !

MPRFFM = 1

- CTDM plus tower file (PROFILE.DAT)

MPRFFM = 2

- AERMET tower file (PROFILE.DAT)

PG sigma-y is adjusted by the factor (AVET/PGTIME)**0.2 Averaging Time (minutes) (AVET)
Default: 60.0 ! AVET = 60. !
PG Averaging Time (minutes) (PGTIME)
Default: 60.0 ! PGTIME = 60. !

!END!

3OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 2

-- Technical options

--------------

Vertical distribution used in the

near field (MGAUSS) Default: 1 ! MGAUSS = 1 !
0 = uniform

1 = Gaussian

Terrain adjustment method (MCTADJ) Default: 3 ! MCTADJ = 3 !
0 = no adjustment

1 = ISC-type of terrain adjustment

2 = simple, CALPUFF-type of terrain adjustment

3 = partial plume path adjustment

Subgrid-scale complex terrain flag (MCTSG) Default: 0 ! MCTSG = 0 !
0 = not modeled

1 = modeled

Near-field puffs modeled as elongated slugs? (MSLUG) Default: 0 ! MSLUG = 0 !
0 = no 1 = yes (slug model used)

Transitional plume rise modeled? (MTRANS) Default: 1 ! MTRANS = 1 !
0 = no (i.e., final rise only)

1 = yes (i.e., transitional rise computed)

Stack tip downwash? (MTIP) Default: 1 ! MTIP = 1 !
0 = no (i.e., no stack tip downwash)

1 = yes (i.e., use stack tip downwash)

Method used to simulate building
downwash? (MBDW) Default: 1 ! MBDW = 1 !
1 = ISC method

2 = PRIME method

Vertical wind shear modeled above
stack top? (MSHEAR) Default: 0 ! MSHEAR = 0 !
0 = no (i.e., vertical wind shear not modeled)

1 = yes (i.e., vertical wind shear modeled)

Puff splitting allowed? (MSPLIT) Default: 0 ! MSPLIT = 0 !
0 = no (i.e., puffs not split)

1 = yes (i.e., puffs are split)

Chemical mechanism flag (MCHEM) Default: 1 ! MCHEM = 1 !
0 = chemical transformation not modeled

1 = transformation rates computed internally (MESOPUFF II scheme)

2 = user-specified transformation

rates used

3 = transformation rates computed internally (RIVAD/ARM3 scheme)

4 = secondary organic aerosol formation computed (MESOPUFF II scheme for OH)

Aqueous phase transformation flag (MAQCHEM)

4OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

(Used only if MCHEM = 1, or 3) Default: 0 ! MAQCHEM = 0 !
0 = aqueous phase transformation

not modeled

1 = transformation rates adjusted
for aqueous phase reactions

Wet removal modeled ? (MWET) Default: 1 ! MWET = 1 !
0 = no 1 = yes

Dry deposition modeled ? (MDRY) Default: 1 ! MDRY = 1 !
0 = no 1 = yes (dry deposition method specified

for each species in Input Group 3)

Gravitational settling (plume tilt)
modeled ? (MTILT) Default: 0 ! MTILT = 0 !
0 = no 1 = yes (puff center falls at the gravitational

settling velocity for 1 particle species)

Restrictions:

- MDRY = 1

- NSPEC = 1 (must be particle species as well)

- sg = 0 GEOMETRIC STANDARD DEVIATION in Group 8 is

set to zero for a single particle diameter

Method used to compute dispersion coefficients (MDISP) Default: 3 ! MDISP = 3 !

1 = dispersion coefficients computed from measured values
of turbulence, sigma v, sigma w 2 = dispersion coefficients from internally calculated sigma v, sigma w using micrometeorological variables (u*, w*, L, etc.)

3 = PG dispersion coefficients for RURAL areas (computed using
the ISCST multi-segment approximation) and MP coefficients in
urban areas 4 = same as 3 except PG coefficients computed using
the MESOPUFF II eqns. 5 = CTDM sigmas used for stable and neutral conditions.

For unstable conditions, sigmas are computed as in

MDISP = 3, described above. MDISP = 5 assumes that
measured values are read

Sigma-v/sigma-theta, sigma-w measurements used? (MTURBVW) (Used only if MDISP = 1 or 5) Default: 3 ! MTURBVW = 3 !
1 = use sigma-v or sigma-theta measurements from PROFILE.DAT to compute sigma-y (valid for METFM = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2 = use sigma-w measurements from PROFILE.DAT to compute sigma-z (valid for METFM = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3 = use both sigma-(v/theta) and sigma-w
from PROFILE.DAT to compute sigma-y and sigma-z (valid for METFM = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

4 = use sigma-theta measurements from PLMMET.DAT to compute sigma-y (valid only if METFM = 3)

Back-up method used to compute dispersion
when measured turbulence data are missing (MDISP2) Default: 3 ! MDISP2 = 3 ! (used only if MDISP = 1 or 5)

5OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

2 = dispersion coefficients from internally calculated sigma v, sigma w using micrometeorological variables (u*, w*, L, etc.)

3 = PG dispersion coefficients for RURAL areas (computed using
the ISCST multi-segment approximation) and MP coefficients in
urban areas 4 = same as 3 except PG coefficients computed using
the MESOPUFF II eqns.

[DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE]
Method used for Lagrangian timescale for Sigma-y (used only if MDISP=1,2 or MDISP2=1,2) (MTAULY) Default: 0 ! MTAULY = 0 !
0 = Draxler default 617.284 (s)

1 = Computed as Lag. Length / (.75 q)

-- after SCIPUFF
10 < Direct user input (s)

-- e.g., 306.9

[DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE]
Method used for Advective-Decay timescale for Turbulence (used only if MDISP=2 or MDISP2=2) (MTAUADV) Default: 0 ! MTAUADV = 0 !
0 = No turbulence advection

1 = Computed (OPTION NOT IMPLEMENTED)

10 < Direct user input (s)

-- e.g., 300

Method used to compute turbulence sigma-v & sigma-w using micrometeorological variables (Used only if MDISP = 2 or MDISP2 = 2) (MCTURB) Default: 1 ! MCTURB = 1 !
1 = Standard CALPUFF subroutines

2 = AERMOD subroutines

PG sigma-y,z adj. for roughness? Default: 0 ! MROUGH = 0 ! (MROUGH)

0 = no 1 = yes

Partial plume penetration of Default: 1 ! MPARTL = 1 ! elevated inversion? (MPARTL)

0 = no 1 = yes

Strength of temperature inversion Default: 0 ! MTINV = 0 ! provided in PROFILE.DAT extended records? (MTINV)

0 = no (computed from measured/default gradients)

1 = yes

PDF used for dispersion under convective conditions?
Default: 0 ! MPDF = 0 ! (MPDF)

0 = no 1 = yes

Sub-Grid TIBL module used for shore line?
Default: 0 ! MSGTIBL = 0 ! (MSGTIBL)

0 = no 1 = yes

Boundary conditions (concentration) modeled?
Default: 0 ! MBCON = 0 ! (MBCON)

0 = no

6OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1 = yes, using formatted BCON.DAT file

2 = yes, using unformatted CONC.DAT file

Analyses of fogging and icing impacts due to emissions from

arrays of mechanically-forced cooling towers can be performed using CALPUFF in conjunction with a cooling tower emissions

processor (CTEMISS) and its associated postprocessors. Hourly emissions of water vapor and temperature from each cooling tower cell are computed for the current cell configuration and ambient conditions by CTEMISS. CALPUFF models the dispersion of these emissions and provides cloud information in a specialized format
for further analysis. Output to FOG.DAT is provided in either 'plume mode' or 'receptor mode' format.

Configure for FOG Model output? Default: 0 ! MFOG = 0 ! (MFOG)

0 = no 1 = yes

- report results in PLUME Mode format

2 = yes

- report results in RECEPTOR Mode format

Test options specified to see if they conform to regulatory
values? (MREG) Default: 1 ! MREG = 1 !

0 = NO checks are made

1 = Technical options must conform to USEPA Long Range Transport (LRT) guidance

METFM 1 or 2

AVET 60. (min)

PGTIME 60. (min)

MGAUSS 1
MCTADJ 3
MTRANS 1

MTIP 1
MCHEM 1 or 3 (if modeling SOx, NOx)

MWET 1

MDRY 1
MDISP 2 or 3

MPDF 0 if MDISP=3
1 if MDISP=2
MROUGH 0

MPARTL 1
SYTDEP 550. (m)

MHFTSZ 0

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 3a, 3b

-- Species list

-------------------

------------ Subgroup (3a)

------------

The following species are modeled:

! CSPEC = SO2 ! !END!
! CSPEC = SO4 ! !END!
! CSPEC = NOX ! !END!

7OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

! CSPEC = HNO3 ! !END!
! CSPEC = NO3 ! !END!
! CSPEC = POC081 ! !END!
! CSPEC = POC056 ! !END!
! CSPEC = POC030 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PIC081 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PIC056 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMC800 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMC425 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMF187 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMF112 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMF081 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMF056 ! !END!
! CSPEC = PMF030 ! !END!
! CSPEC = EC056 ! !END!
! CSPEC = EC030 ! !END!

Dry
OUTPUT GROUP
SPECIES MODELED EMITTED DEPOSITED
NUMBER

NAME (0=NO, 1=YES) (0=NO, 1=YES) (0=NO, (0= NONE, (Limit: 12 1=COMPUTED-GAS 1=
1st CGRUP,

Characters 2=COMPUTED-PARTICLE 2= 2nd CGRUP, in length) 3=USER-SPECIFIED) 3= etc.)

! SO2 = 1, 1, 1, 0
!
! SO4 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! NOX = 1, 1, 1, 0
!
! HNO3 = 1, 0, 1, 0
!
! NO3 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! POC081 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! POC056 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! POC030 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PIC081 = 1, 0, 2, 0
!
! PIC056 = 1, 0, 2, 0
!
! PMC800 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMC425 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMF187 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMF112 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMF081 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMF056 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! PMF030 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! EC056 = 1, 1, 2, 0
!
! EC030 = 1, 1, 2, 0

8OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

!

!END!

------------- Subgroup (3b)

------------- The following names are used for Species-Groups in which results
for certain species are combined (added) prior to output. The

CGRUP name will be used as the species name in output files.

Use this feature to model specific particle-size distributions by treating each size-range as a separate species.
Order must be consistent with 3(a) above.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 4

-- Map Projection and Grid control parameters

--------------

Projection for all (X,Y):

-------------------------

Map projection (PMAP) Default: UTM ! PMAP = LCC !

UTM : Universal Transverse Mercator

TTM : Tangential Transverse Mercator
LCC : Lambert Conformal Conic

PS : Polar Stereographic

EM : Equatorial Mercator

LAZA : Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

False Easting and Northing (km) at the projection origin (Used only if PMAP= TTM, LCC, or LAZA) (FEAST) Default=0.0 ! FEAST = 0.000 ! (FNORTH) Default=0.0 ! FNORTH = 0.000 !

UTM zone (1 to 60) (Used only if PMAP=UTM) (IUTMZN) No Default ! IUTMZN = 0 !

Hemisphere for UTM projection? (Used only if PMAP=UTM) (UTMHEM) Default: N ! UTMHEM = N !

N : Northern hemisphere projection

S : Southern hemisphere projection

Latitude and Longitude (decimal degrees) of projection origin (Used only if PMAP= TTM, LCC, PS, EM, or LAZA) (RLAT0) No Default ! RLAT0 = 40N ! (RLON0) No Default ! RLON0 = 97W !

TTM : RLON0 identifies central (true N/S) meridian of projection

RLAT0 selected for convenience

LCC : RLON0 identifies central (true N/S) meridian of projection

RLAT0 selected for convenience

PS : RLON0 identifies central (grid N/S) meridian of projection

RLAT0 selected for convenience

EM : RLON0 identifies central meridian of projection

RLAT0 is REPLACED by 0.0N (Equator)

LAZA: RLON0 identifies longitude of tangent-point of mapping plane

RLAT0 identifies latitude of tangent-point of mapping plane

9OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Matching parallel(s) of latitude (decimal degrees) for projection (Used only if PMAP= LCC or PS) (XLAT1) No Default ! XLAT1 = 33N ! (XLAT2) No Default ! XLAT2 = 45N !

LCC : Projection cone slices through Earth's surface at XLAT1 and

XLAT2
PS : Projection plane slices through Earth at XLAT1 (XLAT2 is not used)

---------- Note: Latitudes and longitudes should be positive, and include a letter N,S,E, or W indicating north or south latitude, and

east or west longitude. For example,

35.9 N Latitude
= 35.9N
118.7 E Longitude
= 118.7E

Datum-region

------------

The Datum-Region for the coordinates is identified by a character string. Many mapping products currently available use the model of the
Earth known as the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84). Other local
models may be in use, and their selection in CALMET will make its output consistent with local mapping products. The list of Datum-Regions with official transformation parameters is provided by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA).

NIMA Datum

- Regions(Examples)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

----- WGS-84 WGS-84 Reference Ellipsoid and Geoid, Global coverage (WGS84)

NAS-C NORTH AMERICAN 1927 Clarke 1866 Spheroid, MEAN FOR CONUS (NAD27)

NAR-C NORTH AMERICAN 1983 GRS 80 Spheroid, MEAN FOR CONUS (NAD83)

NWS-84 NWS 6370KM Radius, Sphere

ESR-S ESRI REFERENCE 6371KM Radius, Sphere

Datum-region for output coordinates (DATUM) Default: WGS-84 ! DATUM = NWS-84 !

METEOROLOGICAL Grid:

Rectangular grid defined for projection PMAP, with X the Easting and Y the Northing coordinate

No. X grid cells (NX) No default ! NX = 160 !
No. Y grid cells (NY) No default ! NY = 172 !
No. vertical layers (NZ) No default ! NZ = 10 !

Grid spacing (DGRIDKM) No default ! DGRIDKM = 12. ! Units: km

Cell face heights (ZFACE(nz+1)) No defaults Units: m ! ZFACE = 0., 20., 40., 80., 160., 320., 640., 1200., 2000., 3000.,
4000. !

Reference Coordinates
of SOUTHWEST corner of grid cell(1, 1):

10OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

X coordinate (XORIGKM) No default ! XORIGKM = 137.973 !

Y coordinate (YORIGKM) No default ! YORIGKM = -1625.974 ! Units: km

COMPUTATIONAL Grid:

The computational grid is identical to or a subset of the MET. grid.
The lower left (LL) corner of the computational grid is at grid point (IBCOMP, JBCOMP) of the MET. grid. The upper right (UR) corner of the computational grid is at grid point (IECOMP, JECOMP) of the MET. grid.
The grid spacing of the computational grid is the same as the MET. grid.

X index of LL corner (IBCOMP) No default ! IBCOMP = 55 ! (1 <= IBCOMP <= NX)

Y index of LL corner (JBCOMP) No default ! JBCOMP = 72 ! (1 <= JBCOMP <= NY)

X index of UR corner (IECOMP) No default ! IECOMP = 102 ! (1 <= IECOMP <= NX)

Y index of UR corner (JECOMP) No default ! JECOMP = 115 ! (1 <= JECOMP <= NY)

SAMPLING Grid (GRIDDED RECEPTORS):

The lower left (LL) corner of the sampling grid is at grid point (IBSAMP, JBSAMP) of the MET. grid. The upper right (UR) corner of the sampling grid is at grid point (IESAMP, JESAMP) of the MET. grid.
The sampling grid must be identical to or a subset of the computational grid. It may be a nested grid inside the computational grid.
The grid spacing of the sampling grid is DGRIDKM/MESHDN.

Logical flag indicating if gridded receptors are used (LSAMP) Default: T ! LSAMP = F ! (T=yes, F=no)

X index of LL corner (IBSAMP) No default ! IBSAMP = 1 !

(IBCOMP <= IBSAMP <= IECOMP)

Y index of LL corner (JBSAMP) No default ! JBSAMP = 1 !

(JBCOMP <= JBSAMP <= JECOMP)

X index of UR corner (IESAMP) No default ! IESAMP = 1 !

(IBCOMP <= IESAMP <= IECOMP)

Y index of UR corner (JESAMP) No default ! JESAMP = 1 !

(JBCOMP <= JESAMP <= JECOMP)

Nesting factor of the sampling

grid (MESHDN) Default: 1 ! MESHDN = 1 ! (MESHDN is an integer >= 1)

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 5

-- Output Options

11OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

--------------

* *

FILE DEFAULT VALUE VALUE THIS RUN

---- ------------- --------------

Concentrations (ICON) 1 ! ICON = 1 ! Dry Fluxes (IDRY) 1 ! IDRY = 0 !
Wet Fluxes (IWET) 1 ! IWET = 0 ! Relative Humidity (IVIS) 1 ! IVIS = 0 !

(relative humidity file is required for visibility analysis)

Use data compression option in output file? (LCOMPRS) Default: T ! LCOMPRS = T !

*
0 = Do not create file, 1 = create file

DIAGNOSTIC MASS FLUX OUTPUT OPTIONS:

Mass flux across specified boundaries
for selected species reported hourly? (IMFLX) Default: 0 ! IMFLX = 0 !
0 = no 1 = yes (FLUXBDY.DAT and MASSFLX.DAT filenames

are specified in Input Group 0)

Mass balance for each species reported hourly? (IMBAL) Default: 0 ! IMBAL = 0 !
0 = no 1 = yes (MASSBAL.DAT filename is specified in Input Group 0)

LINE PRINTER OUTPUT OPTIONS:

Print concentrations (ICPRT) Default: 0 ! ICPRT = 0 ! Print dry fluxes (IDPRT) Default: 0 ! IDPRT = 0 ! Print wet fluxes (IWPRT) Default: 0 ! IWPRT = 0 ! (0 = Do not print, 1 = Print)

Concentration print interval (ICFRQ) in hours Default: 1 ! ICFRQ = 1 ! Dry flux print interval (IDFRQ) in hours Default: 1 ! IDFRQ = 1 !
Wet flux print interval (IWFRQ) in hours Default: 1 ! IWFRQ = 1 !

Units for Line Printer Output (IPRTU) Default: 1 ! IPRTU = 3 ! for for Concentration Deposition

1 = g/m**3 g/m**2/s

2 = mg/m**3 mg/m**2/s

3 = ug/m**3 ug/m**2/s

4 = ng/m**3 ng/m**2/s

5 = Odour Units

Messages tracking progress of run written to the screen ? (IMESG) Default: 2 ! IMESG = 2 !
0 = no 1 = yes (advection step, puff ID)

2 = yes (YYYYJJJHH, # old puffs, # emitted puffs)

12OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

SPECIES (or GROUP for combined species) LIST FOR OUTPUT OPTIONS

---- CONCENTRATIONS

---- ------ DRY FLUXES

------ ------ WET FLUXES

------ -- MASS FLUX

-- SPECIES /GROUP PRINTED? SAVED ON DISK? PRINTED? SAVED ON DISK?
PRINTED? SAVED ON DISK? SAVED ON DISK?

------- ------------------------ ------------------------

------------------------ --------------- ! SO2 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! SO4 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! NOX = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! HNO3 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! NO3 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! POC081 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! POC056 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! POC030 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PIC081 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PIC056 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMC800 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMC425 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMF187 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMF112 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMF081 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMF056 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! PMF030 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! EC056 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !
! EC030 = 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 !

OPTIONS FOR PRINTING "DEBUG" QUANTITIES (much output)

Logical for debug output (LDEBUG) Default: F ! LDEBUG = F !

First puff to track (IPFDEB) Default: 1 ! IPFDEB = 1
!

Number of puffs to track (NPFDEB) Default: 1 ! NPFDEB = 10
!

Met. period to start output (NN1) Default: 1 ! NN1 = 10 !

Met. period to end output (NN2) Default: 10 ! NN2 = 10 !

13OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 6a, 6b, & 6c

-- Subgrid scale complex terrain inputs

-------------------------

--------------- Subgroup (6a)

--------------- Number of terrain features (NHILL) Default: 0 ! NHILL = 0
!

Number of special complex terrain receptors (NCTREC) Default: 0 ! NCTREC = 0
!

Terrain and CTSG Receptor data for

CTSG hills input in CTDM format ? (MHILL) No Default ! MHILL = 0
!
1 = Hill and Receptor data created by CTDM processors & read from

HILL.DAT and HILLRCT.DAT files

2 = Hill data created by OPTHILL & input below in Subgroup (6b); Receptor data in Subgroup (6c)

Factor to convert horizontal dimensions Default: 1.0 ! XHILL2M = 0.
!

to meters (MHILL=1)

Factor to convert vertical dimensions Default: 1.0 ! ZHILL2M = 0.
!

to meters (MHILL=1)

X-origin of CTDM system relative to No Default ! XCTDMKM = 0.0E00 !
CALPUFF coordinate system, in Kilometers (MHILL=1)

Y-origin of CTDM system relative to No Default ! YCTDMKM = 0.0E00 !
CALPUFF coordinate system, in Kilometers (MHILL=1)

! END !

--------------- Subgroup (6b)

---------------

1 **

HILL information

HILL XC YC THETAH ZGRID RELIEF EXPO 1 EXPO 2
SCALE 1 SCALE 2 AMAX1 AMAX2

NO. (km) (km) (deg.) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)

---- ---- ---- ------ ----- ------ ------ ------

------- ------- ----- -----

--------------- Subgroup (6c)

14OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

---------------

COMPLEX TERRAIN RECEPTOR INFORMATION

XRCT YRCT ZRCT XHH (km) (km) (m)

------ ----- ------ ----

------------------- 1 Description of Complex Terrain Variables: XC, YC = Coordinates of center of hill

THETAH = Orientation of major axis of hill (clockwise from North)

ZGRID = Height of the 0 of the grid above mean sea level

RELIEF = Height of the crest of the hill above the grid elevation

EXPO 1 = Hill-shape exponent for the major axis

EXPO 2 = Hill-shape exponent for the major axis

SCALE 1 = Horizontal length scale along the major axis

SCALE 2 = Horizontal length scale along the minor axis

AMAX = Maximum allowed axis length for the major axis

BMAX = Maximum allowed axis length for the major axis

XRCT, YRCT = Coordinates of the complex terrain receptors
ZRCT = Height of the ground (MSL) at the complex terrain Receptor

XHH = Hill number associated with each complex terrain receptor (NOTE: MUST BE ENTERED AS A REAL NUMBER)

**
NOTE: DATA for each hill and CTSG receptor are treated as a separate input subgroup and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 7

-- Chemical parameters for dry deposition of gases

--------------

SPECIES DIFFUSIVITY ALPHA STAR REACTIVITY MESOPHYLL
RESISTANCE HENRY'S LAW COEFFICIENT

NAME (cm**2/s) (s/cm) (dimensionless)

------- ----------- ---------- ----------

-------------------- -----------------------

! SO2 = 0.1509, 1000., 8., 0.,
0.04 !
! NOX = 0.1656, 1., 8., 5.,
3.5 !
! HNO3 = 0.1628, 1., 18., 0.,
0.00000008 !

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 8

-- Size parameters for dry deposition of particles

--------------

15OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

For SINGLE SPECIES, the mean and standard deviation are used to compute a deposition velocity for NINT (see group 9) size-ranges,
and these are then averaged to obtain a mean deposition velocity.

For GROUPED SPECIES, the size distribution should be explicitly specified (by the 'species' in the group), and the standard deviation
for each should be entered as 0. The model will then use the deposition velocity for the stated mean diameter.

SPECIES GEOMETRIC MASS MEAN GEOMETRIC STANDARD

NAME DIAMETER DEVIATION (microns) (microns)

------- ------------------- ------------------ ! SO4 = 0.48, 2. !
! NO3 = 0.48, 2. !
! POC081 = 0.8125, 0. !
! POC056 = 0.5625, 0. !
! POC030 = 0.3, 0. !
! PIC081 = 0.8125, 0. !
! PIC056 = 0.5625, 0. !
! PMC800 = 8., 0. !
! PMC425 = 4.25, 0. !
! PMF187 = 1.875, 0. !
! PMF112 = 1.125, 0. !
! PMF081 = 0.8125, 0. !
! PMF056 = 0.5625, 0. !
! PMF030 = 0.3, 0. !
! EC056 = 0.5625, 0. !
! EC030 = 0.3, 0. !

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 9

-- Miscellaneous dry deposition parameters

--------------

Reference cuticle resistance (s/cm) (RCUTR) Default: 30 ! RCUTR = 30.0 ! Reference ground resistance (s/cm) (RGR) Default: 10 ! RGR = 10.0 ! Reference pollutant reactivity (REACTR) Default: 8 ! REACTR = 8.0 !

Number of particle-size intervals used to evaluate effective particle deposition velocity (NINT) Default: 9 ! NINT = 9 !

Vegetation state in unirrigated areas (IVEG) Default: 1 ! IVEG = 1 !
IVEG=1 for active and unstressed vegetation

IVEG=2 for active and stressed vegetation

IVEG=3 for inactive vegetation

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 10

-- Wet Deposition Parameters

---------------

16OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Scavenging Coefficient

-- Units: (sec)**(-1)

Pollutant Liquid Precip. Frozen Precip.

--------- -------------- -------------- ! SO2 = 3.0E-05, 0.0E00 !
! SO4 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! HNO3 = 6.0E-05, 0.0E00 !
! NO3 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! POC081 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! POC056 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! POC030 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PIC081 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PIC056 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMC800 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMC425 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMF187 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMF112 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMF081 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMF056 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! PMF030 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! EC056 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !
! EC030 = 1.0E-04, 3.0E-05 !

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUP: 11

-- Chemistry Parameters

---------------

Ozone data input option (MOZ) Default: 1 ! MOZ = 1 ! (Used only if MCHEM = 1, 3, or 4)

0 = use a monthly background ozone value

1 = read hourly ozone concentrations from
the OZONE.DAT data file

Monthly ozone concentrations (Used only if MCHEM = 1, 3, or 4 and

MOZ = 0 or MOZ = 1 and all hourly O3 data missing) (BCKO3) in ppb Default: 12*80.
! BCKO3 = 23.28, 26.79, 30.14, 36.73, 36.40, 34.65, 33.11, 32.68, 29.82, 25.23, 26.15, 22.19 !

Monthly ammonia concentrations (Used only if MCHEM = 1, or 3) (BCKNH3) in ppb Default: 12*10.
! BCKNH3 = 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50 !

Nighttime SO2 loss rate (RNITE1) in percent/hour Default: 0.2 ! RNITE1 = .2 !

Nighttime NOx loss rate (RNITE2) in percent/hour Default: 2.0 ! RNITE2 = 2.0 !

Nighttime HNO3 formation rate (RNITE3) in percent/hour Default: 2.0 ! RNITE3 = 2.0 !

H2O2 data input option (MH2O2) Default: 1 ! MH2O2 = 1 ! (Used only if MAQCHEM = 1)

0 = use a monthly background H2O2 value

1 = read hourly H2O2 concentrations from
the H2O2.DAT data file

17OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Monthly H2O2 concentrations (Used only if MQACHEM = 1 and

MH2O2 = 0 or MH2O2 = 1 and all hourly H2O2 data missing) (BCKH2O2) in ppb Default: 12*1.
! BCKH2O2 = 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00 !

--- Data for SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL (SOA) Option (used only if MCHEM = 4)

The SOA module uses monthly values of: Fine particulate concentration in ug/m^3 (BCKPMF) Organic fraction of fine particulate (OFRAC)

VOC / NOX ratio (after reaction) (VCNX)

to characterize the air mass when computing
the formation of SOA from VOC emissions. Typical values for several distinct air mass types are:

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Clean Continental

BCKPMF 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
OFRAC .15 .15 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .20 .15
VCNX 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50.

Clean Marine (surface)

BCKPMF .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
OFRAC .25 .25 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .30 .25
VCNX 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50. 50.

Urban

- low biogenic (controls present)

BCKPMF 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30. 30.
OFRAC .20 .20 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .20 .20 .20 .20
VCNX 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.

Urban

- high biogenic (controls present)

BCKPMF 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60. 60.
OFRAC .25 .25 .30 .30 .30 .55 .55 .55 .35 .35 .35 .25
VCNX 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15.

Regional Plume

BCKPMF 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20.
OFRAC .20 .20 .25 .35 .25 .40 .40 .40 .30 .30 .30 .20
VCNX 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15. 15.

Urban

- no controls present
BCKPMF 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100.
OFRAC .30 .30 .35 .35 .35 .55 .55 .55 .35 .35 .35 .30
VCNX 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.

Default: Clean Continental

! BCKPMF = 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00 !
! OFRAC = 0.15, 0.15, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.15 !
! VCNX = 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00, 50.00 !

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

18OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

INPUT GROUP: 12

-- Misc. Dispersion and Computational Parameters

---------------

Horizontal size of puff (m) beyond which time-dependent dispersion equations (Heffter)

are used to determine sigma-y and sigma-z (SYTDEP) Default: 550. ! SYTDEP = 5.5E02 !

Switch for using Heffter equation for sigma z

as above (0 = Not use Heffter; 1 = use Heffter (MHFTSZ) Default: 0 ! MHFTSZ = 0
!

Stability class used to determine plume growth rates for puffs above the boundary layer (JSUP) Default: 5 ! JSUP = 5
!

Vertical dispersion constant for stable conditions (k1 in Eqn. 2.7-3) (CONK1) Default: 0.01 ! CONK1 = .01
!

Vertical dispersion constant for neutral/
unstable conditions (k2 in Eqn. 2.7-4) (CONK2) Default: 0.1 ! CONK2 = .1 !

Factor for determining Transition-point from Schulman-Scire to Huber-Snyder Building Downwash
scheme (SS used for Hs < Hb + TBD * HL) (TBD) Default: 0.5 ! TBD = .5 !

TBD < 0 ==> always use Huber-Snyder

TBD = 1.5 ==> always use Schulman-Scire

TBD = 0.5 ==> ISC Transition-point

Range of land use categories for which
urban dispersion is assumed (IURB1, IURB2) Default: 10 ! IURB1 = 10
!
19 ! IURB2 = 19
!

Site characterization parameters for single-point Met data files

--------- (needed for METFM = 2,3,4,5)

Land use category for modeling domain (ILANDUIN) Default: 20 ! ILANDUIN = 20 !

Roughness length (m) for modeling domain (Z0IN) Default: 0.25 ! Z0IN = .25 !

Leaf area index for modeling domain (XLAIIN) Default: 3.0 ! XLAIIN = 3.0
!

Elevation above sea level (m) (ELEVIN) Default: 0.0 ! ELEVIN = .0
!

Latitude (degrees) for met location (XLATIN) Default: -999. ! XLATIN = -999.0 !

19OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Longitude (degrees) for met location (XLONIN) Default: -999. ! XLONIN = -999.0 !

Specialized information for interpreting single-point Met data files

-----

Anemometer height (m) (Used only if METFM = 2,3) (ANEMHT) Default: 10. ! ANEMHT = 10.0 !

Form of lateral turbulance data in PROFILE.DAT file (Used only if METFM = 4,5 or MTURBVW = 1 or 3) (ISIGMAV) Default: 1 ! ISIGMAV = 1
!
0 = read sigma-theta

1 = read sigma-v

Choice of mixing heights (Used only if METFM = 4) (IMIXCTDM) Default: 0 ! IMIXCTDM = 0 !
0 = read PREDICTED mixing heights

1 = read OBSERVED mixing heights

Maximum length of a slug (met. grid units) (XMXLEN) Default: 1.0 ! XMXLEN = 1.0
!

Maximum travel distance of a puff/slug (in grid units) during one sampling step (XSAMLEN) Default: 1.0 ! XSAMLEN = 1.0 !

Maximum Number of slugs/puffs release from

one source during one time step (MXNEW) Default: 99 ! MXNEW = 99
!

Maximum Number of sampling steps for

one puff/slug during one time step (MXSAM) Default: 99 ! MXSAM = 99
!

Number of iterations used when computing
the transport wind for a sampling step that includes gradual rise (for CALMET and PROFILE winds) (NCOUNT) Default: 2 ! NCOUNT = 2
!

Minimum sigma y for a new puff/slug (m) (SYMIN) Default: 1.0 ! SYMIN = 1.0
!

Minimum sigma z for a new puff/slug (m) (SZMIN) Default: 1.0 ! SZMIN = 1.0
!

Default minimum turbulence velocities sigma-v and sigma-w
for each stability class over land and over water (m/s) (SVMIN(12) and SWMIN(12))

---------- LAND

---------- --------- WATER

---------- Stab Class : A B C D E F A B C D E

F

--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

20OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

--- --- Default SVMIN : .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37 Default SWMIN : .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016, .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016

! SVMIN = 0.500, 0.500, 0.500, 0.500, 0.500, 0.500, 0.370, 0.370, 0.370, 0.370, 0.370, 0.370!
! SWMIN = 0.200, 0.120, 0.080, 0.060, 0.030, 0.016, 0.200, 0.120, 0.080, 0.060, 0.030, 0.016!

Divergence criterion for dw/dz across puff
used to initiate adjustment for horizontal

convergence (1/s)
Partial adjustment starts at CDIV(1), and
full adjustment is reached at CDIV(2) (CDIV(2)) Default: 0.0,0.0 ! CDIV = .0,
.0 !

Minimum wind speed (m/s) allowed for
non-calm conditions. Also used as minimum speed returned when using power-law extrapolation toward surface (WSCALM) Default: 0.5 ! WSCALM = .5
!

Maximum mixing height (m) (XMAXZI) Default: 3000. ! XMAXZI = 3000.0 !

Minimum mixing height (m) (XMINZI) Default: 50. ! XMINZI = 50.0 !

Default wind speed classes

-- 5 upper bounds (m/s) are entered;
the 6th class has no upper limit (WSCAT(5)) Default : ISC RURAL : 1.54, 3.09, 5.14, 8.23, 10.8 (10.8+)

Wind Speed Class : 1 2 3 4 5

--- --- --- --- --- ! WSCAT = 1.54, 3.09, 5.14, 8.23, 10.80
!

Default wind speed profile power-law exponents for stabilities 1-6 (PLX0(6)) Default : ISC RURAL values

ISC RURAL : .07, .07, .10, .15, .35, .55
ISC URBAN : .15, .15, .20, .25, .30, .30

Stability Class : A B C D E

F

--- --- --- --- ---

--- ! PLX0 = 0.07, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.35,
0.55 !

Default potential temperature gradient
for stable classes E, F (degK/m) (PTG0(2)) Default: 0.020, 0.035
! PTG0 = 0.020, 0.035 !

Default plume path coefficients for
each stability class (used when option
for partial plume height terrain adjustment

21OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

is selected

-- MCTADJ=3) (PPC(6)) Stability Class : A B C D E

F Default PPC : .50, .50, .50, .50, .35,
.35

--- --- --- --- ---

--- ! PPC = 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.35,
0.35 !

Slug-to-puff transition criterion factor equal to sigma-y/length of slug (SL2PF) Default: 10. ! SL2PF = 5.0 !

Puff-splitting control variables

------------------------

VERTICAL SPLIT

--------------

Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split

- nsplit=2 means that 1 puff splits into 2 (NSPLIT) Default: 3 ! NSPLIT = 3
!

Time(s) of a day when split puffs are eligible to be split once again; this is typically set once
per day, around sunset before nocturnal shear develops.

24 values: 0 is midnight (00:00) and 23 is 11 PM (23:00)
0=do not re-split 1=eligible for re-split (IRESPLIT(24)) Default: Hour 17 = 1
! IRESPLIT = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 !

Split is allowed only if last hour's mixing height (m) exceeds a minimum value (ZISPLIT) Default: 100. ! ZISPLIT = 100.0 !

Split is allowed only if ratio of last hour's mixing ht to the maximum mixing ht experienced by the puff is less than a maximum value (this postpones a split until a nocturnal layer develops) (ROLDMAX) Default: 0.25 ! ROLDMAX = 0.25 !

HORIZONTAL SPLIT

----------------

Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split

- nsplith=5 means that 1 puff splits into 5 (NSPLITH) Default: 5 ! NSPLITH = 5
!

Minimum sigma-y (Grid Cells Units) of puff
before it may be split (SYSPLITH) Default: 1.0 ! SYSPLITH = 1.0 !

Minimum puff elongation rate (SYSPLITH/hr) due to wind shear, before it may be split (SHSPLITH) Default: 2. ! SHSPLITH = 2.0 !

Minimum concentration (g/m^3) of each species in puff before it may be split

22OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Enter array of NSPEC values; if a single value is entered, it will be used for ALL species (CNSPLITH) Default: 1.0E-07 ! CNSPLITH = 1.0E-07 !

Integration control variables

------------------------

Fractional convergence criterion for numerical SLUG sampling integration (EPSSLUG) Default: 1.0e-04 ! EPSSLUG = 1.0E-04 !

Fractional convergence criterion for numerical AREA

source integration (EPSAREA) Default: 1.0e-06 ! EPSAREA = 1.0E-06 !

Trajectory step-length (m) used for numerical rise integration (DSRISE) Default: 1.0 ! DSRISE = 1.0
!

Boundary Condition (BC) Puff control variables

------------------------

Minimum height (m) to which BC puffs are mixed as they are emitted (MBCON=2 ONLY). Actual height is reset to the current mixing height

at the release point if greater than this minimum. (HTMINBC) Default: 500. ! HTMINBC = 500.0 !

Search radius (km) about a receptor for sampling nearest BC puff.

BC puffs are typically emitted with a spacing of one grid cell length, so the search radius should be greater than DGRIDKM. (RSAMPBC) Default: 10. ! RSAMPBC = 15.0 !

Near-Surface depletion adjustment to concentration profile used when sampling BC puffs? (MDEPBC) Default: 1 ! MDEPBC = 0
!
0 = Concentration is NOT adjusted for depletion

1 = Adjust Concentration for depletion

!END!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUPS: 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d

-- Point source parameters

--------------------------------

--------------- Subgroup (13a)

---------------

Number of point sources with parameters provided below (NPT1) No default ! NPT1 = 12 !

Units used for point source emissions below (IPTU) Default: 1 ! IPTU = 3 !
1 = g/s

2 = kg/hr

3 = lb/hr

4 = tons/yr

5 = Odour Unit * m**3/s (vol. flux of odour compound)

23OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

6 = Odour Unit * m**3/min

7 = metric tons/yr

Number of source-species combinations with variable emissions scaling factors provided below in (13d) (NSPT1) Default: 0 ! NSPT1 = 0 !

Number of point sources with variable emission parameters provided in external file (NPT2) No default ! NPT2 = 0 !

(If NPT2 > 0, these point

source emissions are read from
the file: PTEMARB.DAT)

!END!

--------------- Subgroup (13b)

---------------

a POINT SOURCE: CONSTANT DATA

-----------------------------

b

c Source X Y Stack Base Stack Exit Exit Bldg. Emission

No. Coordinate Coordinate Height Elevation Diameter Vel. Temp. Dwash Rates (km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (deg. K)

------ ---------- ---------- ------ ------ -------- ----- --------

----- --------

1 ! SRCNAM = FG11A !
1 ! X = 1143.018, -637.276, 20.92,314.25, 1.22, 3.34, 312.0, .0,1.13E00, 2.27E-02, 4.326E01, 0.0E00, 6.89E-03, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.86E-01, 5.86E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.17E-02, 1.17E-02 !
1 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
1 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
2 ! SRCNAM = FG11B !
2 ! X = 1143.025, -637.283, 20.92, 314.3, 1.22, 2.53, 317.6, .0,1.13E00, 2.27E-02, 4.326E01, 0.0E00, 6.89E-03, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.86E-01, 5.86E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.52E-01, 1.17E-02, 1.17E-02 !
2 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
2 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
3 ! SRCNAM = FG1MC !
3 ! X = 1142.987, -637.323, 18.6, 314.3, 2.9, 14.85, 347.0, .0,6.43E00, 4.15E-01, 3.66E01, 0.0E00, 3.24E-01, 6.63E00, 6.63E00, 6.63E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.4E00, 5.4E00, 7.41E00, 7.41E00, 7.41E00, 7.41E00, 7.41E00, 5.84E-01, 5.84E-01 !
3 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
3 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!

4 ! SRCNAM = FG16 !

4 ! X = 1142.966, -637.347, 15.58, 314.3, .97, 12.36, 363.7, .0, 0.0E00, 2.72E-02, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 2.72E-02, 5.53E-01, 5.53E-01, 5.53E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 2.74E-01, 2.74E-01, 6.25E-01, 6.25E-01, 6.25E-01, 6.25E-01, 6.25E-01, 4.94E-02, 4.94E-02 !

4 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !

4 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
5 ! SRCNAM = FG21A !

24OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

5 ! X = 1143.036, -637.299, 21.51, 314.3, 1.22, 2.46, 316.5, .0,2.62E00, 2.72E-02, 2.836E01, 0.0E00, 6.83E-03, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.68E-01, 5.68E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.14E-02, 1.14E-02 !
5 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
5 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
6 ! SRCNAM = FG21B !
6 ! X = 1143.043, -637.307, 21.51, 314.3, 1.22, 2.66, 317.0, .0,2.62E00, 2.72E-02, 2.836E01, 0.0E00, 6.83E-03, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.68E-01, 5.68E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.48E-01, 1.14E-02, 1.14E-02 !
6 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
6 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!

7 ! SRCNAM = FG2MC !

7 ! X = 1142.996, -637.343, 19.91, 314.3, 3.2, 7.64, 347.0, .0,7.01E00, 2.18E-01, 9.6E00, 0.0E00, 1.47E-01, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 1.54E00, 1.54E00, 3.34E00, 3.34E00, 3.34E00, 3.34E00, 3.34E00, 2.63E-01, 2.63E-01 !

7 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !

7 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
8 ! SRCNAM = FG26 !
8 ! X = 1142.976, -637.366, 15.58, 314.3, .8, 12.36, 349.8, .0, 0.0E00, 7.43E-03, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 7.43E-03, 1.51E-01, 1.51E-01, 1.51E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 7.5E-02, 7.5E-02, 1.71E-01, 1.71E-01, 1.71E-01, 1.71E-01, 1.71E-01, 1.35E-02, 1.35E-02 !
8 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
8 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
9 ! SRCNAM = FG31 !
9 ! X = 1143.057, -637.315, 20.95, 314.3, 1.22, 3.23, 314.8, .0,1.15E00, 3.44E-02, 4.458E01, 0.0E00, 7.3E-03, 1.61E-01, 1.61E-01, 1.61E-01, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 5.94E-01, 5.94E-01, 1.56E-01, 1.56E-01, 1.56E-01, 1.56E-01, 1.56E-01, 1.19E-02, 1.19E-02 !
9 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
9 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
10 ! SRCNAM = FG3MC !
10 ! X = 1143.032, -637.345, 24.59, 314.3, 2.44, 6.75, 391.5, .0,7.58E00, 1.8E-01, 5.86E00, 0.0E00, 1.32E-01, 2.72E00, 2.72E00, 2.72E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 2.41E00, 2.41E00, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 3.02E00, 2.38E-01, 2.38E-01 !
10 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
10 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
11 ! SRCNAM = FG18 !
11 ! X = 1142.913, -637.139, 11.31, 314.3, 0.41, 29.25, 310.9, .0, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 2.89E-02, 2.89E-02, 2.89E-02, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00 !
11 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
11 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!
12 ! SRCNAM = FG28 !
12 ! X = 1142.926, -637.170, 11.31, 314.3, 0.31, 42.04, 310.9, .0, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 2.82E-02, 2.82E-02, 2.82E-02, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00, 0.0E00 !
12 ! ZPLTFM = .0 !
12 ! FMFAC = 1.0 ! !END!

--------

25OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

a Data for each source are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

SRCNAM is a 12-character name for a source (No default)

X is an array holding the source data listed by the column headings (No default)

SIGYZI is an array holding the initial sigma-y and sigma-z (m) (Default: 0.,0.)

ZPLTFM is the platform height (m) for sources influenced by an isolated

structure that has a significant open area between the surface
and the bulk of the structure, such as an offshore oil platform.
The Base Elevation is that of the surface (ground or ocean),
and the Stack Height is the release height above the Base (not
above the platform). Building heights entered in Subgroup 13c

must be those of the buildings on the platform, measured from
the platform deck. ZPLTFM is used only with MBDW=1 (ISC
downwash method) for sources with building downwash. (Default: 0.0)

FMFAC is a vertical momentum flux factor (0. or 1.0) used to represent the effect of rain-caps or other physical configurations that
reduce momentum rise associated with the actual exit velocity. (Default: 1.0

-- full momentum used)

b

0. = No building downwash modeled, 1. = downwash modeled

NOTE: must be entered as a REAL number (i.e., with decimal point)

c An emission rate must be entered for every pollutant modeled.

Enter emission rate of zero for secondary pollutants that are modeled, but not emitted. Units are specified by IPTU (e.g. 1 for g/s).

--------------- Subgroup (13c)

---------------

BUILDING DIMENSION DATA FOR SOURCES SUBJECT TO DOWNWASH

------------------------------------------------------- Source a

No. Effective building height, width, length and X/Y offset (in meters)

every 10 degrees. LENGTH, XBADJ, and YBADJ are only needed for

MBDW=2 (PRIME downwash option)

------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------

a Building height, width, length, and X/Y offset from the source are

treated

as a separate input subgroup for each source and therefore must end with

an input group terminator. The X/Y offset is the position, relative to the stack, of the center of the upwind face of the projected building, with
the x-axis pointing along the flow direction.

--------------- Subgroup (13d)

---------------

a POINT SOURCE: VARIABLE EMISSIONS DATA

---------------------------------------

26OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

Use this subgroup to describe temporal variations in the emission

rates given in 13b. Factors entered multiply the rates in 13b. Skip sources here that have constant emissions. For more elaborate variation in source parameters, use PTEMARB.DAT and NPT2 > 0.

IVARY determines the type of variation, and is source-specific: (IVARY) Default: 0
0 = Constant
1 = Diurnal cycle (24 scaling factors: hours 1-24)

2 = Monthly cycle (12 scaling factors: months 1-12)

3 = Hour & Season (4 groups of 24 hourly scaling factors,
where first group is DEC-JAN-FEB)

4 = Speed & Stab. (6 groups of 6 scaling factors, where first group is Stability Class A, and the speed classes have upper bounds (m/s) defined in Group 12
5 = Temperature (12 scaling factors, where temperature classes have upper bounds (C) of: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 50+)

--------

a Data for each species are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUPS: 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d

-- Area source parameters

--------------------------------

--------------- Subgroup (14a)

---------------

Number of polygon area sources with parameters specified below (NAR1) No default ! NAR1 = 0 !

Units used for area source emissions below (IARU) Default: 1 ! IARU = 1 !
1 = g/m**2/s

2 = kg/m**2/hr

3 = lb/m**2/hr

4 = tons/m**2/yr

5 = Odour Unit * m/s (vol. flux/m**2 of odour compound)

6 = Odour Unit * m/min

7 = metric tons/m**2/yr

Number of source-species combinations with variable emissions scaling factors provided below in (14d) (NSAR1) Default: 0 ! NSAR1 = 0 !

Number of buoyant polygon area sources with variable location and emission parameters (NAR2) No default ! NAR2 = 0 ! (If NAR2 > 0, ALL parameter data for
these sources are read from the file: BAEMARB.DAT)

!END!

27OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

--------------- Subgroup (14b)

---------------

a AREA SOURCE: CONSTANT DATA

---------------------------- b

Source Effect. Base Initial Emission

No. Height Elevation Sigma z Rates (m) (m) (m)

------- ------ ------ -------- ---------

--------

a Data for each source are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.
b

An emission rate must be entered for every pollutant modeled.

Enter emission rate of zero for secondary pollutants that are modeled, but not emitted. Units are specified by IARU (e.g. 1 for g/m**2/s).

--------------- Subgroup (14c)

---------------

COORDINATES (km) FOR EACH VERTEX(4) OF EACH POLYGON

-------------------------------------------------------- Source a

No. Ordered list of X followed by list of Y, grouped by source

------ ------------------------------------------------------------

--------

a Data for each source are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

--------------- Subgroup (14d)

---------------

a AREA SOURCE: VARIABLE EMISSIONS DATA

--------------------------------------

Use this subgroup to describe temporal variations in the emission

rates given in 14b. Factors entered multiply the rates in 14b. Skip sources here that have constant emissions. For more elaborate variation in source parameters, use BAEMARB.DAT and NAR2 > 0.

IVARY determines the type of variation, and is source-specific: (IVARY) Default: 0
0 = Constant
1 = Diurnal cycle (24 scaling factors: hours 1-24)

2 = Monthly cycle (12 scaling factors: months 1-12)

3 = Hour & Season (4 groups of 24 hourly scaling factors,
where first group is DEC-JAN-FEB)

4 = Speed & Stab. (6 groups of 6 scaling factors, where first group is Stability Class A, and the speed classes have upper bounds (m/s) defined in Group 12
5 = Temperature (12 scaling factors, where temperature classes have upper bounds (C) of: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 50+)

28OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

--------

a Data for each species are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUPS: 15a, 15b, 15c

-- Line source parameters

---------------------------

--------------- Subgroup (15a)

---------------

Number of buoyant line sources with variable location and emission parameters (NLN2) No default ! NLN2 = 0
!

(If NLN2 > 0, ALL parameter data for
these sources are read from the file: LNEMARB.DAT)

Number of buoyant line sources (NLINES) No default ! NLINES = 0
!

Units used for line source emissions below (ILNU) Default: 1 ! ILNU = 1
!
1 = g/s

2 = kg/hr

3 = lb/hr

4 = tons/yr

5 = Odour Unit * m**3/s (vol. flux of odour compound)

6 = Odour Unit * m**3/min

7 = metric tons/yr

Number of source-species combinations with variable emissions scaling factors provided below in (15c) (NSLN1) Default: 0 ! NSLN1 = 0 !

Maximum number of segments used to model
each line (MXNSEG) Default: 7 ! MXNSEG = 7
!

The following variables are required only if NLINES > 0. They are used in the buoyant line source plume rise calculations.

Number of distances at which Default: 6 ! NLRISE = 6
! transitional rise is computed

Average building length (XL) No default ! XL = .0 ! (in meters)

Average building height (HBL) No default ! HBL = .0 ! (in meters)

Average building width (WBL) No default ! WBL = .0 ! (in meters)

Average line source width (WML) No default ! WML = .0 !

29OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

(in meters)

Average separation between buildings (DXL) No default ! DXL = .0 ! (in meters)

Average buoyancy parameter (FPRIMEL) No default ! FPRIMEL = .0 ! (in m**4/s**3)

!END!

--------------- Subgroup (15b)

---------------

BUOYANT LINE SOURCE: CONSTANT DATA

----------------------------------

a Source Beg. X Beg. Y End. X End. Y Release Base Emission

No. Coordinate Coordinate Coordinate Coordinate Height Elevation

Rates (km) (km) (km) (km) (m) (m)

------ ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------- ---------

---------

--------

a Data for each source are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

b

An emission rate must be entered for every pollutant modeled.

Enter emission rate of zero for secondary pollutants that are modeled, but not emitted. Units are specified by ILNTU (e.g. 1 for g/s).

--------------- Subgroup (15c)

---------------

a BUOYANT LINE SOURCE: VARIABLE EMISSIONS DATA

----------------------------------------------

Use this subgroup to describe temporal variations in the emission

rates given in 15b. Factors entered multiply the rates in 15b. Skip sources here that have constant emissions.

IVARY determines the type of variation, and is source-specific: (IVARY) Default: 0
0 = Constant
1 = Diurnal cycle (24 scaling factors: hours 1-24)

2 = Monthly cycle (12 scaling factors: months 1-12)

3 = Hour & Season (4 groups of 24 hourly scaling factors,
where first group is DEC-JAN-FEB)

4 = Speed & Stab. (6 groups of 6 scaling factors, where first group is Stability Class A, and the speed classes have upper bounds (m/s) defined in Group 12
5 = Temperature (12 scaling factors, where temperature classes have upper bounds (C) of: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 50+)

30OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

--------

a Data for each species are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUPS: 16a, 16b, 16c

-- Volume source parameters

---------------------------

--------------- Subgroup (16a)

---------------

Number of volume sources with parameters provided in 16b,c (NVL1) No default ! NVL1 = 0 !

Units used for volume source emissions below in 16b (IVLU) Default: 1 ! IVLU = 1 !
1 = g/s

2 = kg/hr

3 = lb/hr

4 = tons/yr

5 = Odour Unit * m**3/s (vol. flux of odour compound)

6 = Odour Unit * m**3/min

7 = metric tons/yr

Number of source-species combinations with variable emissions scaling factors provided below in (16c) (NSVL1) Default: 0 ! NSVL1 = 0 !

Number of volume sources with variable location and emission parameters (NVL2) No default ! NVL2 = 0 !

(If NVL2 > 0, ALL parameter data for
these sources are read from the VOLEMARB.DAT file(s) )

!END!

--------------- Subgroup (16b)

---------------

a VOLUME SOURCE: CONSTANT DATA

------------------------------

b

X Y Effect. Base Initial Initial Emission Coordinate Coordinate Height Elevation Sigma y Sigma z Rates (km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m)

---------- ---------- ------ ------ -------- --------

--------

--------

a Data for each source are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

b

31OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

An emission rate must be entered for every pollutant modeled.

Enter emission rate of zero for secondary pollutants that are modeled, but not emitted. Units are specified by IVLU (e.g. 1 for g/s).

--------------- Subgroup (16c)

---------------

a VOLUME SOURCE: VARIABLE EMISSIONS DATA

----------------------------------------

Use this subgroup to describe temporal variations in the emission

rates given in 16b. Factors entered multiply the rates in 16b. Skip sources here that have constant emissions. For more elaborate variation in source parameters, use VOLEMARB.DAT and NVL2 > 0.

IVARY determines the type of variation, and is source-specific: (IVARY) Default: 0
0 = Constant
1 = Diurnal cycle (24 scaling factors: hours 1-24)

2 = Monthly cycle (12 scaling factors: months 1-12)

3 = Hour & Season (4 groups of 24 hourly scaling factors,
where first group is DEC-JAN-FEB)

4 = Speed & Stab. (6 groups of 6 scaling factors, where first group is Stability Class A, and the speed classes have upper bounds (m/s) defined in Group 12
5 = Temperature (12 scaling factors, where temperature classes have upper bounds (C) of: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 50+)

--------

a Data for each species are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

INPUT GROUPS: 17a & 17b

-- Non-gridded (discrete) receptor information

-----------------------

--------------- Subgroup (17a)

---------------

Number of non-gridded receptors (NREC) No default ! NREC = 1315 !

!END!

--------------- Subgroup (17b)

---------------

a NON-GRIDDED (DISCRETE) RECEPTOR DATA

------------------------------------

X Y Ground Height b Receptor Coordinate Coordinate Elevation Above Ground

No. (km) (km) (m) (m)

-------- ---------- ---------- --------- ------------ 1 ! X = 872.678, -586.399, 255.000, 0.000! !END!

32OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

2 ! X = 873.438, -586.319, 235.000, 0.000! !END!
3 ! X = 874.197, -586.239, 236.000, 0.000! !END!

4 ! X = 874.957, -586.158, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
5 ! X = 875.717, -586.078, 243.000, 0.000! !END!
6 ! X = 876.476, -585.998, 237.000, 0.000! !END!

7 ! X = 877.236, -585.917, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
8 ! X = 877.996, -585.837, 187.000, 0.000! !END!
9 ! X = 871.062, -585.639, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
10 ! X = 871.822, -585.559, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
11 ! X = 872.581, -585.479, 250.000, 0.000! !END!
12 ! X = 873.341, -585.399, 237.000, 0.000! !END!
13 ! X = 874.1, -585.319, 214.000, 0.000! !END!
14 ! X = 874.86, -585.239, 226.000, 0.000! !END!
15 ! X = 875.62, -585.159, 183.000, 0.000! !END!
16 ! X = 876.379, -585.078, 243.000, 0.000! !END!
17 ! X = 877.139, -584.998, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
18 ! X = 877.898, -584.917, 182.000, 0.000! !END!
19 ! X = 878.658, -584.837, 179.000, 0.000! !END!
20 ! X = 879.417, -584.756, 249.000, 0.000! !END!
21 ! X = 870.965, -584.72, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
22 ! X = 871.725, -584.64, 255.000, 0.000! !END!
23 ! X = 872.484, -584.56, 253.000, 0.000! !END!
24 ! X = 873.244, -584.48, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
25 ! X = 874.003, -584.4, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
26 ! X = 874.763, -584.32, 181.000, 0.000! !END!
27 ! X = 875.522, -584.239, 220.000, 0.000! !END!
28 ! X = 876.282, -584.159, 214.000, 0.000! !END!
29 ! X = 877.041, -584.079, 243.000, 0.000! !END!
30 ! X = 877.801, -583.998, 215.000, 0.000! !END!
31 ! X = 878.56, -583.918, 239.000, 0.000! !END!
32 ! X = 879.32, -583.837, 183.000, 0.000! !END!
33 ! X = 880.079, -583.756, 210.000, 0.000! !END!
34 ! X = 880.839, -583.676, 252.000, 0.000! !END!
35 ! X = 881.598, -583.595, 262.000, 0.000! !END!
36 ! X = 868.59, -584.04, 228.000, 0.000! !END!
37 ! X = 869.35, -583.96, 219.000, 0.000! !END!
38 ! X = 870.109, -583.88, 245.000, 0.000! !END!
39 ! X = 870.869, -583.8, 231.000, 0.000! !END!
40 ! X = 871.628, -583.72, 242.000, 0.000! !END!
41 ! X = 872.387, -583.64, 208.000, 0.000! !END!
42 ! X = 873.147, -583.56, 226.000, 0.000! !END!
43 ! X = 873.906, -583.48, 244.000, 0.000! !END!

44 ! X = 874.666, -583.4, 180.000, 0.000! !END!
45 ! X = 875.425, -583.32, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
46 ! X = 876.185, -583.24, 225.000, 0.000! !END!

47 ! X = 876.944, -583.159, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
48 ! X = 877.703, -583.079, 233.000, 0.000! !END!
49 ! X = 878.463, -582.998, 177.000, 0.000! !END!
50 ! X = 879.222, -582.918, 214.000, 0.000! !END!
51 ! X = 879.982, -582.837, 255.000, 0.000! !END!
52 ! X = 880.741, -582.756, 245.000, 0.000! !END!
53 ! X = 881.5, -582.675, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
54 ! X = 868.494, -583.12, 245.000, 0.000! !END!
55 ! X = 869.253, -583.04, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
56 ! X = 870.013, -582.961, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
57 ! X = 870.772, -582.881, 192.000, 0.000! !END!
58 ! X = 871.531, -582.801, 195.000, 0.000! !END!
59 ! X = 872.291, -582.721, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
60 ! X = 873.05, -582.641, 221.000, 0.000! !END!
61 ! X = 873.809, -582.561, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
62 ! X = 874.569, -582.481, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
63 ! X = 875.328, -582.4, 259.000, 0.000! !END!
64 ! X = 876.087, -582.32, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
65 ! X = 876.847, -582.24, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
66 ! X = 877.606, -582.159, 208.000, 0.000! !END!
67 ! X = 878.365, -582.079, 230.000, 0.000! !END!
68 ! X = 879.125, -581.998, 177.000, 0.000! !END!

33OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

69 ! X = 879.884, -581.918, 183.000, 0.000! !END!
70 ! X = 880.643, -581.837, 191.000, 0.000! !END!
71 ! X = 881.402, -581.756, 184.000, 0.000! !END!
72 ! X = 882.162, -581.675, 242.000, 0.000! !END!
73 ! X = 868.397, -582.201, 250.000, 0.000! !END!

74 ! X = 869.157, -582.121, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
75 ! X = 869.916, -582.041, 252.000, 0.000! !END!
76 ! X = 870.675, -581.961, 254.000, 0.000! !END!

77 ! X = 871.435, -581.881, 187.000, 0.000! !END!
78 ! X = 872.194, -581.802, 226.000, 0.000! !END!
79 ! X = 872.953, -581.721, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
80 ! X = 873.712, -581.641, 214.000, 0.000! !END!
81 ! X = 874.472, -581.561, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
82 ! X = 875.231, -581.481, 253.000, 0.000! !END!
83 ! X = 875.99, -581.401, 214.000, 0.000! !END!
84 ! X = 876.749, -581.32, 185.000, 0.000! !END!
85 ! X = 877.509, -581.24, 215.000, 0.000! !END!
86 ! X = 878.268, -581.159, 241.000, 0.000! !END!
87 ! X = 879.027, -581.079, 215.000, 0.000! !END!
88 ! X = 879.786, -580.998, 182.000, 0.000! !END!
89 ! X = 881.305, -580.837, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
90 ! X = 882.064, -580.756, 264.000, 0.000! !END!
91 ! X = 867.542, -581.361, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
92 ! X = 868.301, -581.281, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
93 ! X = 869.06, -581.201, 262.000, 0.000! !END!
94 ! X = 869.819, -581.122, 276.000, 0.000! !END!
95 ! X = 870.579, -581.042, 263.000, 0.000! !END!
96 ! X = 871.338, -580.962, 206.000, 0.000! !END!
97 ! X = 872.097, -580.882, 231.000, 0.000! !END!
98 ! X = 872.856, -580.802, 249.000, 0.000! !END!
99 ! X = 873.615, -580.722, 257.000, 0.000! !END!
100 ! X = 874.374, -580.642, 271.000, 0.000! !END!
101 ! X = 875.134, -580.562, 242.000, 0.000! !END!
102 ! X = 875.893, -580.481, 240.000, 0.000! !END!
103 ! X = 876.652, -580.401, 223.000, 0.000! !END!
104 ! X = 877.411, -580.321, 187.000, 0.000! !END!
105 ! X = 878.17, -580.24, 252.000, 0.000! !END!
106 ! X = 878.929, -580.16, 183.000, 0.000! !END!
107 ! X = 879.688, -580.079, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
108 ! X = 867.445, -580.441, 283.000, 0.000! !END!
109 ! X = 868.204, -580.362, 266.000, 0.000! !END!
110 ! X = 868.964, -580.282, 277.000, 0.000! !END!
111 ! X = 872.0, -579.963, 275.000, 0.000! !END!
112 ! X = 872.759, -579.883, 240.000, 0.000! !END!
113 ! X = 873.518, -579.803, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
114 ! X = 874.277, -579.722, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
115 ! X = 875.036, -579.642, 258.000, 0.000! !END!
116 ! X = 875.796, -579.562, 205.000, 0.000! !END!
117 ! X = 876.555, -579.482, 217.000, 0.000! !END!
118 ! X = 877.314, -579.401, 183.000, 0.000! !END!
119 ! X = 871.903, -579.043, 236.000, 0.000! !END!
120 ! X = 872.662, -578.963, 273.000, 0.000! !END!
121 ! X = 873.421, -578.883, 275.000, 0.000! !END!
122 ! X = 874.18, -578.803, 259.000, 0.000! !END!
123 ! X = 874.939, -578.723, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
124 ! X = 875.698, -578.643, 249.000, 0.000! !END!
125 ! X = 876.457, -578.562, 258.000, 0.000! !END!
126 ! X = 877.216, -578.482, 212.000, 0.000! !END!
127 ! X = 877.975, -578.401, 268.000, 0.000! !END!
128 ! X = 872.565, -578.044, 226.000, 0.000! !END!
129 ! X = 873.324, -577.964, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
130 ! X = 874.083, -577.884, 271.000, 0.000! !END!
131 ! X = 874.842, -577.804, 228.000, 0.000! !END!
132 ! X = 875.601, -577.723, 251.000, 0.000! !END!
133 ! X = 876.36, -577.643, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
134 ! X = 877.119, -577.563, 243.000, 0.000! !END!
135 ! X = 871.71, -577.205, 208.000, 0.000! !END!

34OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

136 ! X = 872.468, -577.125, 213.000, 0.000! !END!
137 ! X = 873.227, -577.044, 252.000, 0.000! !END!
138 ! X = 873.986, -576.964, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
139 ! X = 874.745, -576.884, 274.000, 0.000! !END!
140 ! X = 875.504, -576.804, 244.000, 0.000! !END!
141 ! X = 876.263, -576.724, 215.000, 0.000! !END!
142 ! X = 877.021, -576.643, 267.000, 0.000! !END!
143 ! X = 873.13, -576.125, 247.000, 0.000! !END!
144 ! X = 873.889, -576.045, 305.000, 0.000! !END!
145 ! X = 874.648, -575.965, 267.000, 0.000! !END!
146 ! X = 875.406, -575.885, 269.000, 0.000! !END!
147 ! X = 876.165, -575.804, 271.000, 0.000! !END!
148 ! X = 873.792, -575.126, 247.000, 0.000! !END!
149 ! X = 1174.116, -429.607, 1154.000, 0.000! !END!
150 ! X = 1174.861, -429.499, 1056.000, 0.000! !END!
151 ! X = 1175.607, -429.391, 903.000, 0.000! !END!
152 ! X = 1176.352, -429.283, 820.000, 0.000! !END!
153 ! X = 1177.097, -429.175, 818.000, 0.000! !END!
154 ! X = 1173.239, -428.8, 1278.000, 0.000! !END!
155 ! X = 1173.984, -428.693, 1069.000, 0.000! !END!
156 ! X = 1174.729, -428.585, 913.000, 0.000! !END!
157 ! X = 1175.475, -428.477, 776.000, 0.000! !END!
158 ! X = 1176.22, -428.369, 788.000, 0.000! !END!
159 ! X = 1176.965, -428.262, 750.000, 0.000! !END!
160 ! X = 1172.362, -427.994, 1327.000, 0.000! !END!
161 ! X = 1173.107, -427.886, 1085.000, 0.000! !END!
162 ! X = 1173.852, -427.779, 985.000, 0.000! !END!
163 ! X = 1174.597, -427.671, 934.000, 0.000! !END!
164 ! X = 1175.342, -427.563, 978.000, 0.000! !END!
165 ! X = 1176.087, -427.456, 982.000, 0.000! !END!
166 ! X = 1176.833, -427.348, 824.000, 0.000! !END!
167 ! X = 1169.995, -427.402, 1317.000, 0.000! !END!
168 ! X = 1170.74, -427.295, 1394.000, 0.000! !END!
169 ! X = 1171.485, -427.188, 1487.000, 0.000! !END!
170 ! X = 1172.23, -427.08, 1308.000, 0.000! !END!
171 ! X = 1172.975, -426.973, 1237.000, 0.000! !END!
172 ! X = 1173.72, -426.865, 1336.000, 0.000! !END!
173 ! X = 1174.465, -426.757, 1290.000, 0.000! !END!
174 ! X = 1175.21, -426.65, 1304.000, 0.000! !END!
175 ! X = 1175.955, -426.542, 1111.000, 0.000! !END!
176 ! X = 1176.7, -426.434, 1066.000, 0.000! !END!
177 ! X = 1169.863, -426.488, 1189.000, 0.000! !END!
178 ! X = 1170.608, -426.381, 1127.000, 0.000! !END!
179 ! X = 1171.353, -426.274, 1299.000, 0.000! !END!
180 ! X = 1172.098, -426.166, 1380.000, 0.000! !END!
181 ! X = 1172.843, -426.059, 1553.000, 0.000! !END!
182 ! X = 1173.588, -425.951, 1336.000, 0.000! !END!
183 ! X = 1174.333, -425.844, 1219.000, 0.000! !END!
184 ! X = 1175.078, -425.736, 1109.000, 0.000! !END!
185 ! X = 1175.823, -425.628, 1133.000, 0.000! !END!
186 ! X = 1176.568, -425.52, 1226.000, 0.000! !END!
187 ! X = 1168.986, -425.682, 1280.000, 0.000! !END!
188 ! X = 1169.731, -425.575, 1136.000, 0.000! !END!
189 ! X = 1170.476, -425.467, 906.000, 0.000! !END!
190 ! X = 1171.221, -425.36, 999.000, 0.000! !END!
191 ! X = 1171.966, -425.253, 1170.000, 0.000! !END!
192 ! X = 1172.711, -425.145, 1376.000, 0.000! !END!
193 ! X = 1173.456, -425.037, 1318.000, 0.000! !END!
194 ! X = 1174.201, -424.93, 1369.000, 0.000! !END!
195 ! X = 1174.946, -424.822, 1152.000, 0.000! !END!
196 ! X = 1175.691, -424.714, 924.000, 0.000! !END!
197 ! X = 1176.436, -424.606, 882.000, 0.000! !END!
198 ! X = 1168.11, -424.875, 1151.000, 0.000! !END!
199 ! X = 1168.855, -424.768, 1116.000, 0.000! !END!
200 ! X = 1169.6, -424.661, 1044.000, 0.000! !END!
201 ! X = 1170.345, -424.553, 772.000, 0.000! !END!
202 ! X = 1171.09, -424.446, 866.000, 0.000! !END!

35OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

203 ! X = 1171.834, -424.339, 1090.000, 0.000! !END!
204 ! X = 1173.324, -424.124, 1020.000, 0.000! !END!
205 ! X = 1174.069, -424.016, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
206 ! X = 1167.979, -423.961, 1224.000, 0.000! !END!
207 ! X = 1168.723, -423.854, 1065.000, 0.000! !END!
208 ! X = 1169.468, -423.747, 836.000, 0.000! !END!
209 ! X = 1170.213, -423.64, 700.000, 0.000! !END!
210 ! X = 1170.958, -423.532, 782.000, 0.000! !END!
211 ! X = 1171.703, -423.425, 961.000, 0.000! !END!
212 ! X = 1173.937, -423.102, 809.000, 0.000! !END!
213 ! X = 1174.681, -422.995, 941.000, 0.000! !END!
214 ! X = 1167.847, -423.047, 991.000, 0.000! !END!
215 ! X = 1168.592, -422.94, 817.000, 0.000! !END!
216 ! X = 1169.337, -422.833, 751.000, 0.000! !END!
217 ! X = 1170.081, -422.726, 635.000, 0.000! !END!
218 ! X = 1170.826, -422.619, 772.000, 0.000! !END!
219 ! X = 1171.571, -422.511, 882.000, 0.000! !END!
220 ! X = 1168.46, -422.026, 954.000, 0.000! !END!
221 ! X = 1169.205, -421.919, 739.000, 0.000! !END!
222 ! X = 1169.95, -421.812, 620.000, 0.000! !END!
223 ! X = 1170.694, -421.705, 635.000, 0.000! !END!
224 ! X = 1171.439, -421.597, 700.000, 0.000! !END!
225 ! X = 1172.183, -421.49, 865.000, 0.000! !END!
226 ! X = 1168.329, -421.113, 943.000, 0.000! !END!
227 ! X = 1169.074, -421.005, 742.000, 0.000! !END!
228 ! X = 1169.818, -420.898, 505.000, 0.000! !END!
229 ! X = 1170.563, -420.791, 558.000, 0.000! !END!
230 ! X = 1171.307, -420.684, 538.000, 0.000! !END!
231 ! X = 1172.052, -420.576, 686.000, 0.000! !END!
232 ! X = 1168.197, -420.199, 946.000, 0.000! !END!
233 ! X = 1168.942, -420.092, 760.000, 0.000! !END!
234 ! X = 1169.686, -419.984, 644.000, 0.000! !END!
235 ! X = 1170.431, -419.877, 491.000, 0.000! !END!
236 ! X = 1171.175, -419.77, 442.000, 0.000! !END!
237 ! X = 1171.92, -419.662, 491.000, 0.000! !END!
238 ! X = 1168.066, -419.285, 959.000, 0.000! !END!
239 ! X = 1168.81, -419.178, 752.000, 0.000! !END!
240 ! X = 1169.555, -419.071, 528.000, 0.000! !END!
241 ! X = 1170.299, -418.963, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
242 ! X = 1171.043, -418.856, 515.000, 0.000! !END!
243 ! X = 1171.788, -418.749, 400.000, 0.000! !END!
244 ! X = 1172.532, -418.641, 523.000, 0.000! !END!
245 ! X = 1167.935, -418.371, 712.000, 0.000! !END!
246 ! X = 1170.167, -418.05, 743.000, 0.000! !END!
247 ! X = 1170.912, -417.942, 684.000, 0.000! !END!
248 ! X = 1171.656, -417.835, 538.000, 0.000! !END!
249 ! X = 1172.4, -417.727, 361.000, 0.000! !END!
250 ! X = 1201.214, -417.246, 521.000, 0.000! !END!
251 ! X = 1204.191, -416.805, 521.000, 0.000! !END!
252 ! X = 1189.038, -417.173, 521.000, 0.000! !END!
253 ! X = 1190.527, -416.954, 522.000, 0.000! !END!
254 ! X = 1192.015, -416.736, 523.000, 0.000! !END!
255 ! X = 1193.503, -416.517, 521.000, 0.000! !END!
256 ! X = 1194.991, -416.298, 538.000, 0.000! !END!
257 ! X = 1196.48, -416.079, 550.000, 0.000! !END!
258 ! X = 1197.968, -415.859, 640.000, 0.000! !END!
259 ! X = 1199.456, -415.639, 607.000, 0.000! !END!
260 ! X = 1200.944, -415.419, 523.000, 0.000! !END!
261 ! X = 1202.432, -415.199, 548.000, 0.000! !END!
262 ! X = 1203.92, -414.978, 524.000, 0.000! !END!
263 ! X = 1205.408, -414.757, 608.000, 0.000! !END!
264 ! X = 1208.384, -414.315, 546.000, 0.000! !END!
265 ! X = 1209.871, -414.093, 566.000, 0.000! !END!
266 ! X = 1211.359, -413.871, 541.000, 0.000! !END!
267 ! X = 1212.847, -413.649, 530.000, 0.000! !END!
268 ! X = 1181.33, -416.432, 683.000, 0.000! !END!
269 ! X = 1182.818, -416.216, 711.000, 0.000! !END!

36OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

270 ! X = 1184.306, -415.998, 583.000, 0.000! !END!
271 ! X = 1185.795, -415.781, 599.000, 0.000! !END!
272 ! X = 1187.283, -415.564, 561.000, 0.000! !END!
273 ! X = 1188.771, -415.346, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
274 ! X = 1190.259, -415.128, 703.000, 0.000! !END!
275 ! X = 1191.747, -414.909, 707.000, 0.000! !END!
276 ! X = 1193.235, -414.69, 522.000, 0.000! !END!
277 ! X = 1194.722, -414.471, 760.000, 0.000! !END!
278 ! X = 1196.21, -414.252, 846.000, 0.000! !END!
279 ! X = 1197.698, -414.033, 952.000, 0.000! !END!
280 ! X = 1199.186, -413.813, 765.000, 0.000! !END!
281 ! X = 1200.674, -413.593, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
282 ! X = 1202.161, -413.372, 915.000, 0.000! !END!
283 ! X = 1203.649, -413.152, 730.000, 0.000! !END!
284 ! X = 1205.136, -412.931, 822.000, 0.000! !END!
285 ! X = 1206.624, -412.71, 748.000, 0.000! !END!
286 ! X = 1208.112, -412.488, 544.000, 0.000! !END!
287 ! X = 1209.599, -412.267, 706.000, 0.000! !END!
288 ! X = 1211.086, -412.045, 627.000, 0.000! !END!
289 ! X = 1212.574, -411.822, 845.000, 0.000! !END!
290 ! X = 1214.061, -411.6, 772.000, 0.000! !END!
291 ! X = 1215.549, -411.377, 836.000, 0.000! !END!
292 ! X = 1220.01, -410.707, 665.000, 0.000! !END!
293 ! X = 1175.112, -415.469, 554.000, 0.000! !END!
294 ! X = 1176.6, -415.254, 760.000, 0.000! !END!
295 ! X = 1178.088, -415.038, 805.000, 0.000! !END!
296 ! X = 1179.576, -414.822, 703.000, 0.000! !END!
297 ! X = 1181.064, -414.605, 729.000, 0.000! !END!
298 ! X = 1182.552, -414.388, 699.000, 0.000! !END!
299 ! X = 1184.04, -414.171, 1109.000, 0.000! !END!
300 ! X = 1185.528, -413.954, 1001.000, 0.000! !END!
301 ! X = 1187.015, -413.737, 811.000, 0.000! !END!
302 ! X = 1188.503, -413.519, 522.000, 0.000! !END!
303 ! X = 1189.991, -413.301, 581.000, 0.000! !END!
304 ! X = 1191.478, -413.082, 629.000, 0.000! !END!
305 ! X = 1192.966, -412.864, 634.000, 0.000! !END!
306 ! X = 1194.453, -412.645, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
307 ! X = 1195.941, -412.425, 612.000, 0.000! !END!
308 ! X = 1197.428, -412.206, 944.000, 0.000! !END!
309 ! X = 1198.916, -411.986, 1281.000, 0.000! !END!
310 ! X = 1200.403, -411.766, 1427.000, 0.000! !END!
311 ! X = 1201.891, -411.546, 1221.000, 0.000! !END!
312 ! X = 1203.378, -411.325, 1030.000, 0.000! !END!
313 ! X = 1204.865, -411.105, 983.000, 0.000! !END!
314 ! X = 1206.352, -410.883, 894.000, 0.000! !END!
315 ! X = 1207.84, -410.662, 675.000, 0.000! !END!
316 ! X = 1209.327, -410.44, 950.000, 0.000! !END!
317 ! X = 1210.814, -410.219, 915.000, 0.000! !END!
318 ! X = 1212.301, -409.996, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
319 ! X = 1213.788, -409.774, 980.000, 0.000! !END!
320 ! X = 1216.762, -409.328, 1020.000, 0.000! !END!
321 ! X = 1218.249, -409.105, 886.000, 0.000! !END!
322 ! X = 1219.736, -408.881, 615.000, 0.000! !END!
323 ! X = 1221.222, -408.657, 680.000, 0.000! !END!
324 ! X = 1176.335, -413.427, 767.000, 0.000! !END!
325 ! X = 1177.823, -413.211, 919.000, 0.000! !END!
326 ! X = 1179.311, -412.994, 905.000, 0.000! !END!
327 ! X = 1180.798, -412.778, 911.000, 0.000! !END!
328 ! X = 1182.286, -412.561, 965.000, 0.000! !END!
329 ! X = 1183.773, -412.344, 837.000, 0.000! !END!
330 ! X = 1185.261, -412.127, 1055.000, 0.000! !END!
331 ! X = 1186.748, -411.91, 716.000, 0.000! !END!
332 ! X = 1188.235, -411.692, 825.000, 0.000! !END!
333 ! X = 1189.723, -411.474, 609.000, 0.000! !END!
334 ! X = 1191.21, -411.255, 814.000, 0.000! !END!
335 ! X = 1192.697, -411.037, 1006.000, 0.000! !END!
336 ! X = 1194.184, -410.818, 1036.000, 0.000! !END!

37OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

337 ! X = 1195.672, -410.599, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
338 ! X = 1197.159, -410.379, 746.000, 0.000! !END!
339 ! X = 1198.646, -410.16, 929.000, 0.000! !END!
340 ! X = 1200.133, -409.94, 1008.000, 0.000! !END!
341 ! X = 1201.62, -409.72, 1288.000, 0.000! !END!
342 ! X = 1203.107, -409.499, 1266.000, 0.000! !END!
343 ! X = 1204.594, -409.278, 1218.000, 0.000! !END!
344 ! X = 1206.081, -409.057, 959.000, 0.000! !END!
345 ! X = 1207.568, -408.836, 681.000, 0.000! !END!
346 ! X = 1209.054, -408.614, 920.000, 0.000! !END!
347 ! X = 1210.541, -408.392, 1170.000, 0.000! !END!
348 ! X = 1212.028, -408.17, 956.000, 0.000! !END!
349 ! X = 1213.514, -407.948, 818.000, 0.000! !END!
350 ! X = 1215.001, -407.725, 1223.000, 0.000! !END!
351 ! X = 1216.488, -407.502, 1270.000, 0.000! !END!
352 ! X = 1217.974, -407.279, 872.000, 0.000! !END!
353 ! X = 1219.461, -407.055, 694.000, 0.000! !END!
354 ! X = 1220.947, -406.832, 963.000, 0.000! !END!
355 ! X = 1222.434, -406.608, 859.000, 0.000! !END!
356 ! X = 1223.92, -406.383, 1000.000, 0.000! !END!
357 ! X = 1170.121, -412.46, 365.000, 0.000! !END!
358 ! X = 1171.608, -412.245, 406.000, 0.000! !END!
359 ! X = 1173.096, -412.03, 600.000, 0.000! !END!
360 ! X = 1174.583, -411.815, 591.000, 0.000! !END!
361 ! X = 1176.07, -411.599, 644.000, 0.000! !END!
362 ! X = 1177.558, -411.383, 1036.000, 0.000! !END!
363 ! X = 1179.045, -411.167, 1309.000, 0.000! !END!
364 ! X = 1180.532, -410.951, 1262.000, 0.000! !END!
365 ! X = 1182.019, -410.734, 1261.000, 0.000! !END!
366 ! X = 1183.506, -410.517, 1072.000, 0.000! !END!
367 ! X = 1184.994, -410.3, 1199.000, 0.000! !END!
368 ! X = 1186.481, -410.083, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
369 ! X = 1187.968, -409.865, 720.000, 0.000! !END!
370 ! X = 1189.455, -409.647, 640.000, 0.000! !END!
371 ! X = 1190.942, -409.429, 873.000, 0.000! !END!
372 ! X = 1192.429, -409.21, 852.000, 0.000! !END!
373 ! X = 1193.915, -408.991, 978.000, 0.000! !END!
374 ! X = 1195.402, -408.772, 809.000, 0.000! !END!
375 ! X = 1196.889, -408.553, 761.000, 0.000! !END!
376 ! X = 1198.376, -408.333, 987.000, 0.000! !END!
377 ! X = 1199.863, -408.113, 874.000, 0.000! !END!
378 ! X = 1201.349, -407.893, 1147.000, 0.000! !END!
379 ! X = 1202.836, -407.673, 1323.000, 0.000! !END!
380 ! X = 1204.322, -407.452, 1221.000, 0.000! !END!
381 ! X = 1205.809, -407.231, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
382 ! X = 1207.295, -407.01, 800.000, 0.000! !END!
383 ! X = 1208.782, -406.788, 942.000, 0.000! !END!
384 ! X = 1210.268, -406.566, 1167.000, 0.000! !END!
385 ! X = 1211.755, -406.344, 1052.000, 0.000! !END!
386 ! X = 1213.241, -406.122, 1012.000, 0.000! !END!
387 ! X = 1214.727, -405.899, 1002.000, 0.000! !END!
388 ! X = 1216.214, -405.676, 1143.000, 0.000! !END!
389 ! X = 1217.7, -405.453, 998.000, 0.000! !END!
390 ! X = 1219.186, -405.23, 710.000, 0.000! !END!
391 ! X = 1220.672, -405.006, 998.000, 0.000! !END!
392 ! X = 1222.158, -404.782, 907.000, 0.000! !END!
393 ! X = 1223.644, -404.558, 1200.000, 0.000! !END!
394 ! X = 1225.13, -404.333, 1173.000, 0.000! !END!
395 ! X = 1226.616, -404.108, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
396 ! X = 1228.102, -403.883, 896.000, 0.000! !END!
397 ! X = 1229.588, -403.658, 799.000, 0.000! !END!
398 ! X = 1231.074, -403.432, 683.000, 0.000! !END!
399 ! X = 1169.857, -410.632, 330.000, 0.000! !END!
400 ! X = 1171.344, -410.418, 523.000, 0.000! !END!
401 ! X = 1172.831, -410.203, 599.000, 0.000! !END!
402 ! X = 1174.318, -409.988, 769.000, 0.000! !END!
403 ! X = 1175.805, -409.772, 831.000, 0.000! !END!

38OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

404 ! X = 1177.292, -409.556, 941.000, 0.000! !END!
405 ! X = 1178.779, -409.34, 1150.000, 0.000! !END!
406 ! X = 1180.266, -409.124, 1194.000, 0.000! !END!
407 ! X = 1181.753, -408.907, 1084.000, 0.000! !END!
408 ! X = 1183.24, -408.69, 1206.000, 0.000! !END!
409 ! X = 1184.727, -408.473, 1225.000, 0.000! !END!
410 ! X = 1186.213, -408.256, 987.000, 0.000! !END!
411 ! X = 1187.7, -408.038, 1063.000, 0.000! !END!
412 ! X = 1189.187, -407.82, 873.000, 0.000! !END!
413 ! X = 1190.673, -407.602, 921.000, 0.000! !END!
414 ! X = 1192.16, -407.384, 1233.000, 0.000! !END!
415 ! X = 1193.646, -407.165, 1006.000, 0.000! !END!
416 ! X = 1195.133, -406.946, 1024.000, 0.000! !END!
417 ! X = 1196.619, -406.726, 792.000, 0.000! !END!
418 ! X = 1198.106, -406.507, 1015.000, 0.000! !END!
419 ! X = 1199.592, -406.287, 1094.000, 0.000! !END!
420 ! X = 1201.079, -406.067, 996.000, 0.000! !END!
421 ! X = 1202.565, -405.846, 1148.000, 0.000! !END!
422 ! X = 1204.051, -405.626, 1368.000, 0.000! !END!
423 ! X = 1205.537, -405.405, 1052.000, 0.000! !END!
424 ! X = 1207.023, -405.184, 958.000, 0.000! !END!
425 ! X = 1208.51, -404.962, 988.000, 0.000! !END!
426 ! X = 1209.996, -404.74, 1019.000, 0.000! !END!
427 ! X = 1211.482, -404.518, 1344.000, 0.000! !END!
428 ! X = 1212.968, -404.296, 1246.000, 0.000! !END!
429 ! X = 1214.454, -404.073, 1377.000, 0.000! !END!
430 ! X = 1215.94, -403.85, 1135.000, 0.000! !END!
431 ! X = 1217.426, -403.627, 1196.000, 0.000! !END!
432 ! X = 1218.911, -403.404, 851.000, 0.000! !END!
433 ! X = 1220.397, -403.18, 883.000, 0.000! !END!
434 ! X = 1221.883, -402.956, 1060.000, 0.000! !END!
435 ! X = 1223.369, -402.732, 1207.000, 0.000! !END!
436 ! X = 1224.854, -402.507, 1245.000, 0.000! !END!
437 ! X = 1226.34, -402.283, 1045.000, 0.000! !END!
438 ! X = 1227.826, -402.058, 1068.000, 0.000! !END!
439 ! X = 1229.311, -401.832, 870.000, 0.000! !END!
440 ! X = 1230.797, -401.607, 782.000, 0.000! !END!
441 ! X = 1241.194, -400.02, 1326.000, 0.000! !END!
442 ! X = 1169.593, -408.805, 453.000, 0.000! !END!
443 ! X = 1171.08, -408.59, 439.000, 0.000! !END!

444 ! X = 1172.567, -408.376, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
445 ! X = 1174.054, -408.16, 664.000, 0.000! !END!
446 ! X = 1175.54, -407.945, 770.000, 0.000! !END!

447 ! X = 1177.027, -407.729, 853.000, 0.000! !END!
448 ! X = 1178.514, -407.513, 810.000, 0.000! !END!
449 ! X = 1180.0, -407.297, 979.000, 0.000! !END!
450 ! X = 1181.487, -407.08, 809.000, 0.000! !END!
451 ! X = 1182.973, -406.864, 818.000, 0.000! !END!
452 ! X = 1184.46, -406.646, 1027.000, 0.000! !END!
453 ! X = 1185.946, -406.429, 1372.000, 0.000! !END!
454 ! X = 1187.432, -406.211, 1203.000, 0.000! !END!
455 ! X = 1188.919, -405.994, 975.000, 0.000! !END!
456 ! X = 1190.405, -405.775, 1077.000, 0.000! !END!
457 ! X = 1191.891, -405.557, 1343.000, 0.000! !END!
458 ! X = 1193.377, -405.338, 1463.000, 0.000! !END!
459 ! X = 1194.864, -405.119, 1193.000, 0.000! !END!
460 ! X = 1196.35, -404.9, 932.000, 0.000! !END!
461 ! X = 1197.836, -404.68, 1059.000, 0.000! !END!
462 ! X = 1199.322, -404.461, 1144.000, 0.000! !END!
463 ! X = 1200.808, -404.24, 1231.000, 0.000! !END!
464 ! X = 1202.294, -404.02, 1197.000, 0.000! !END!
465 ! X = 1203.78, -403.799, 1220.000, 0.000! !END!
466 ! X = 1205.266, -403.579, 1342.000, 0.000! !END!
467 ! X = 1206.751, -403.357, 1350.000, 0.000! !END!
468 ! X = 1208.237, -403.136, 1251.000, 0.000! !END!
469 ! X = 1209.723, -402.914, 1467.000, 0.000! !END!
470 ! X = 1211.209, -402.692, 1407.000, 0.000! !END!

39OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

471 ! X = 1212.694, -402.47, 1671.000, 0.000! !END!
472 ! X = 1214.18, -402.247, 1369.000, 0.000! !END!
473 ! X = 1215.666, -402.025, 1412.000, 0.000! !END!

474 ! X = 1217.151, -401.801, 1279.000, 0.000! !END!
475 ! X = 1218.637, -401.578, 863.000, 0.000! !END!
476 ! X = 1220.122, -401.354, 823.000, 0.000! !END!

477 ! X = 1221.608, -401.131, 1103.000, 0.000! !END!
478 ! X = 1223.093, -400.906, 1432.000, 0.000! !END!
479 ! X = 1224.578, -400.682, 1448.000, 0.000! !END!
480 ! X = 1226.064, -400.457, 1352.000, 0.000! !END!
481 ! X = 1227.549, -400.232, 1094.000, 0.000! !END!
482 ! X = 1229.034, -400.007, 802.000, 0.000! !END!
483 ! X = 1230.519, -399.781, 756.000, 0.000! !END!
484 ! X = 1239.43, -398.422, 1213.000, 0.000! !END!
485 ! X = 1240.915, -398.195, 1312.000, 0.000! !END!
486 ! X = 1169.33, -406.978, 365.000, 0.000! !END!
487 ! X = 1170.816, -406.763, 393.000, 0.000! !END!
488 ! X = 1172.303, -406.548, 455.000, 0.000! !END!
489 ! X = 1173.789, -406.333, 590.000, 0.000! !END!
490 ! X = 1175.275, -406.118, 775.000, 0.000! !END!
491 ! X = 1176.762, -405.902, 690.000, 0.000! !END!
492 ! X = 1178.248, -405.686, 697.000, 0.000! !END!
493 ! X = 1179.734, -405.47, 678.000, 0.000! !END!
494 ! X = 1181.22, -405.253, 607.000, 0.000! !END!
495 ! X = 1182.707, -405.037, 824.000, 0.000! !END!
496 ! X = 1184.193, -404.82, 802.000, 0.000! !END!
497 ! X = 1185.679, -404.602, 1033.000, 0.000! !END!
498 ! X = 1187.165, -404.385, 1241.000, 0.000! !END!
499 ! X = 1188.651, -404.167, 1297.000, 0.000! !END!
500 ! X = 1190.137, -403.949, 1503.000, 0.000! !END!
501 ! X = 1191.623, -403.73, 1477.000, 0.000! !END!
502 ! X = 1193.108, -403.512, 1533.000, 0.000! !END!
503 ! X = 1194.594, -403.293, 1242.000, 0.000! !END!
504 ! X = 1196.08, -403.073, 1270.000, 0.000! !END!
505 ! X = 1197.566, -402.854, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
506 ! X = 1199.052, -402.634, 1372.000, 0.000! !END!
507 ! X = 1200.537, -402.414, 1394.000, 0.000! !END!
508 ! X = 1202.023, -402.194, 1187.000, 0.000! !END!
509 ! X = 1203.508, -401.973, 1517.000, 0.000! !END!
510 ! X = 1204.994, -401.752, 1490.000, 0.000! !END!
511 ! X = 1206.479, -401.531, 1518.000, 0.000! !END!
512 ! X = 1207.965, -401.31, 1632.000, 0.000! !END!
513 ! X = 1209.45, -401.088, 1692.000, 0.000! !END!
514 ! X = 1210.936, -400.866, 1888.000, 0.000! !END!
515 ! X = 1212.421, -400.644, 1951.000, 0.000! !END!
516 ! X = 1213.906, -400.422, 1603.000, 0.000! !END!
517 ! X = 1215.392, -400.199, 1543.000, 0.000! !END!
518 ! X = 1216.877, -399.976, 1292.000, 0.000! !END!
519 ! X = 1218.362, -399.752, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
520 ! X = 1219.847, -399.529, 928.000, 0.000! !END!
521 ! X = 1221.332, -399.305, 1190.000, 0.000! !END!
522 ! X = 1222.817, -399.081, 1415.000, 0.000! !END!
523 ! X = 1224.302, -398.856, 1066.000, 0.000! !END!
524 ! X = 1225.787, -398.632, 899.000, 0.000! !END!
525 ! X = 1227.272, -398.407, 714.000, 0.000! !END!
526 ! X = 1228.757, -398.182, 703.000, 0.000! !END!
527 ! X = 1237.666, -396.825, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
528 ! X = 1239.15, -396.597, 1224.000, 0.000! !END!
529 ! X = 1240.635, -396.37, 1526.000, 0.000! !END!
530 ! X = 1242.119, -396.142, 1566.000, 0.000! !END!
531 ! X = 1243.604, -395.914, 1311.000, 0.000! !END!
532 ! X = 1245.088, -395.686, 1283.000, 0.000! !END!
533 ! X = 1246.573, -395.458, 1482.000, 0.000! !END!
534 ! X = 1169.066, -405.15, 290.000, 0.000! !END!
535 ! X = 1170.552, -404.936, 389.000, 0.000! !END!
536 ! X = 1172.038, -404.721, 506.000, 0.000! !END!
537 ! X = 1173.524, -404.506, 644.000, 0.000! !END!

40OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

538 ! X = 1175.01, -404.291, 578.000, 0.000! !END!
539 ! X = 1176.496, -404.075, 539.000, 0.000! !END!
540 ! X = 1177.982, -403.859, 634.000, 0.000! !END!
541 ! X = 1179.468, -403.643, 662.000, 0.000! !END!
542 ! X = 1180.954, -403.427, 567.000, 0.000! !END!
543 ! X = 1182.44, -403.21, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
544 ! X = 1183.926, -402.993, 660.000, 0.000! !END!
545 ! X = 1185.411, -402.776, 878.000, 0.000! !END!
546 ! X = 1186.897, -402.558, 907.000, 0.000! !END!
547 ! X = 1188.383, -402.34, 955.000, 0.000! !END!
548 ! X = 1189.868, -402.122, 1048.000, 0.000! !END!
549 ! X = 1191.354, -401.904, 1056.000, 0.000! !END!
550 ! X = 1192.839, -401.685, 1333.000, 0.000! !END!
551 ! X = 1194.325, -401.466, 1223.000, 0.000! !END!
552 ! X = 1195.81, -401.247, 1411.000, 0.000! !END!
553 ! X = 1197.296, -401.028, 1106.000, 0.000! !END!
554 ! X = 1198.781, -400.808, 1347.000, 0.000! !END!
555 ! X = 1200.267, -400.588, 1222.000, 0.000! !END!
556 ! X = 1201.752, -400.368, 1524.000, 0.000! !END!
557 ! X = 1203.237, -400.147, 1386.000, 0.000! !END!
558 ! X = 1204.722, -399.926, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
559 ! X = 1206.207, -399.705, 1242.000, 0.000! !END!
560 ! X = 1207.693, -399.484, 1415.000, 0.000! !END!
561 ! X = 1209.178, -399.262, 1358.000, 0.000! !END!
562 ! X = 1210.663, -399.04, 1355.000, 0.000! !END!
563 ! X = 1212.148, -398.818, 1403.000, 0.000! !END!
564 ! X = 1213.633, -398.596, 1712.000, 0.000! !END!
565 ! X = 1215.118, -398.373, 1431.000, 0.000! !END!
566 ! X = 1216.603, -398.15, 1422.000, 0.000! !END!
567 ! X = 1218.087, -397.927, 1236.000, 0.000! !END!
568 ! X = 1219.572, -397.703, 1228.000, 0.000! !END!
569 ! X = 1221.057, -397.479, 1492.000, 0.000! !END!
570 ! X = 1222.542, -397.255, 1372.000, 0.000! !END!
571 ! X = 1224.026, -397.031, 1181.000, 0.000! !END!
572 ! X = 1225.511, -396.806, 792.000, 0.000! !END!
573 ! X = 1226.996, -396.581, 939.000, 0.000! !END!
574 ! X = 1228.48, -396.356, 737.000, 0.000! !END!
575 ! X = 1229.965, -396.131, 1213.000, 0.000! !END!
576 ! X = 1231.449, -395.905, 1173.000, 0.000! !END!
577 ! X = 1235.902, -395.226, 1111.000, 0.000! !END!
578 ! X = 1237.387, -395.0, 1138.000, 0.000! !END!
579 ! X = 1238.871, -394.773, 1362.000, 0.000! !END!
580 ! X = 1240.355, -394.545, 1709.000, 0.000! !END!
581 ! X = 1241.839, -394.318, 1585.000, 0.000! !END!
582 ! X = 1243.323, -394.09, 1298.000, 0.000! !END!
583 ! X = 1244.808, -393.862, 1224.000, 0.000! !END!
584 ! X = 1246.292, -393.633, 1150.000, 0.000! !END!
585 ! X = 1247.776, -393.404, 1348.000, 0.000! !END!
586 ! X = 1171.774, -402.894, 383.000, 0.000! !END!
587 ! X = 1173.26, -402.679, 482.000, 0.000! !END!
588 ! X = 1174.745, -402.464, 533.000, 0.000! !END!
589 ! X = 1176.231, -402.248, 559.000, 0.000! !END!
590 ! X = 1177.717, -402.032, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
591 ! X = 1179.202, -401.816, 532.000, 0.000! !END!
592 ! X = 1180.688, -401.6, 525.000, 0.000! !END!
593 ! X = 1182.173, -401.383, 533.000, 0.000! !END!
594 ! X = 1183.659, -401.166, 543.000, 0.000! !END!
595 ! X = 1185.144, -400.949, 562.000, 0.000! !END!
596 ! X = 1186.629, -400.731, 602.000, 0.000! !END!
597 ! X = 1188.115, -400.514, 736.000, 0.000! !END!
598 ! X = 1189.6, -400.296, 817.000, 0.000! !END!
599 ! X = 1191.085, -400.077, 809.000, 0.000! !END!
600 ! X = 1192.57, -399.859, 920.000, 0.000! !END!
601 ! X = 1194.056, -399.64, 1017.000, 0.000! !END!
602 ! X = 1195.541, -399.421, 1006.000, 0.000! !END!
603 ! X = 1197.026, -399.201, 956.000, 0.000! !END!
604 ! X = 1198.511, -398.982, 1137.000, 0.000! !END!

41OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

605 ! X = 1199.996, -398.762, 982.000, 0.000! !END!
606 ! X = 1201.481, -398.541, 1187.000, 0.000! !END!
607 ! X = 1202.966, -398.321, 1365.000, 0.000! !END!
608 ! X = 1204.451, -398.1, 1245.000, 0.000! !END!
609 ! X = 1205.935, -397.879, 1074.000, 0.000! !END!
610 ! X = 1207.42, -397.658, 1365.000, 0.000! !END!
611 ! X = 1208.905, -397.436, 1401.000, 0.000! !END!
612 ! X = 1210.39, -397.214, 1080.000, 0.000! !END!
613 ! X = 1211.874, -396.992, 1260.000, 0.000! !END!
614 ! X = 1213.359, -396.77, 1660.000, 0.000! !END!
615 ! X = 1214.844, -396.547, 1703.000, 0.000! !END!
616 ! X = 1216.328, -396.324, 1525.000, 0.000! !END!
617 ! X = 1217.813, -396.101, 1299.000, 0.000! !END!
618 ! X = 1219.297, -395.878, 1389.000, 0.000! !END!
619 ! X = 1220.782, -395.654, 1084.000, 0.000! !END!
620 ! X = 1222.266, -395.43, 1048.000, 0.000! !END!
621 ! X = 1223.75, -395.206, 1002.000, 0.000! !END!
622 ! X = 1225.235, -394.981, 1374.000, 0.000! !END!
623 ! X = 1226.719, -394.756, 910.000, 0.000! !END!
624 ! X = 1228.203, -394.531, 1109.000, 0.000! !END!
625 ! X = 1229.687, -394.306, 1002.000, 0.000! !END!
626 ! X = 1231.171, -394.08, 1469.000, 0.000! !END!
627 ! X = 1232.656, -393.854, 1136.000, 0.000! !END!
628 ! X = 1234.14, -393.628, 1324.000, 0.000! !END!
629 ! X = 1235.624, -393.401, 912.000, 0.000! !END!
630 ! X = 1237.108, -393.175, 1427.000, 0.000! !END!
631 ! X = 1238.592, -392.948, 1487.000, 0.000! !END!
632 ! X = 1240.075, -392.72, 1681.000, 0.000! !END!
633 ! X = 1241.559, -392.493, 1310.000, 0.000! !END!
634 ! X = 1243.043, -392.265, 1080.000, 0.000! !END!
635 ! X = 1244.527, -392.037, 1029.000, 0.000! !END!
636 ! X = 1246.011, -391.808, 989.000, 0.000! !END!
637 ! X = 1247.494, -391.58, 1038.000, 0.000! !END!
638 ! X = 1248.978, -391.351, 1337.000, 0.000! !END!
639 ! X = 1172.995, -400.852, 368.000, 0.000! !END!
640 ! X = 1174.481, -400.637, 411.000, 0.000! !END!
641 ! X = 1175.966, -400.421, 485.000, 0.000! !END!
642 ! X = 1177.451, -400.205, 480.000, 0.000! !END!
643 ! X = 1178.936, -399.989, 569.000, 0.000! !END!
644 ! X = 1180.421, -399.773, 610.000, 0.000! !END!
645 ! X = 1181.907, -399.556, 585.000, 0.000! !END!
646 ! X = 1183.392, -399.339, 596.000, 0.000! !END!
647 ! X = 1184.877, -399.122, 591.000, 0.000! !END!
648 ! X = 1186.362, -398.905, 681.000, 0.000! !END!
649 ! X = 1187.847, -398.687, 787.000, 0.000! !END!
650 ! X = 1189.332, -398.469, 528.000, 0.000! !END!
651 ! X = 1190.817, -398.251, 700.000, 0.000! !END!
652 ! X = 1192.302, -398.032, 615.000, 0.000! !END!
653 ! X = 1193.786, -397.813, 905.000, 0.000! !END!
654 ! X = 1195.271, -397.594, 836.000, 0.000! !END!
655 ! X = 1196.756, -397.375, 827.000, 0.000! !END!
656 ! X = 1198.241, -397.155, 768.000, 0.000! !END!
657 ! X = 1199.725, -396.935, 983.000, 0.000! !END!
658 ! X = 1201.21, -396.715, 1281.000, 0.000! !END!
659 ! X = 1202.694, -396.495, 1378.000, 0.000! !END!
660 ! X = 1204.179, -396.274, 1371.000, 0.000! !END!
661 ! X = 1205.663, -396.053, 1135.000, 0.000! !END!
662 ! X = 1207.148, -395.832, 884.000, 0.000! !END!
663 ! X = 1208.632, -395.61, 907.000, 0.000! !END!
664 ! X = 1210.117, -395.389, 1249.000, 0.000! !END!
665 ! X = 1211.601, -395.167, 1528.000, 0.000! !END!
666 ! X = 1213.085, -394.944, 1552.000, 0.000! !END!
667 ! X = 1214.57, -394.722, 1473.000, 0.000! !END!
668 ! X = 1216.054, -394.499, 1677.000, 0.000! !END!
669 ! X = 1217.538, -394.276, 1553.000, 0.000! !END!
670 ! X = 1219.022, -394.052, 1572.000, 0.000! !END!
671 ! X = 1220.506, -393.828, 1526.000, 0.000! !END!

42OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

672 ! X = 1221.99, -393.604, 1261.000, 0.000! !END!
673 ! X = 1223.474, -393.38, 1217.000, 0.000! !END!
674 ! X = 1224.958, -393.156, 1247.000, 0.000! !END!
675 ! X = 1226.442, -392.931, 947.000, 0.000! !END!
676 ! X = 1227.926, -392.706, 1163.000, 0.000! !END!
677 ! X = 1229.41, -392.48, 1434.000, 0.000! !END!
678 ! X = 1230.894, -392.255, 1373.000, 0.000! !END!
679 ! X = 1232.378, -392.029, 1170.000, 0.000! !END!
680 ! X = 1233.861, -391.803, 1293.000, 0.000! !END!
681 ! X = 1235.345, -391.576, 1077.000, 0.000! !END!
682 ! X = 1236.829, -391.35, 953.000, 0.000! !END!
683 ! X = 1238.312, -391.123, 1202.000, 0.000! !END!
684 ! X = 1239.796, -390.895, 1602.000, 0.000! !END!
685 ! X = 1241.279, -390.668, 1433.000, 0.000! !END!
686 ! X = 1242.763, -390.44, 1106.000, 0.000! !END!
687 ! X = 1244.246, -390.212, 966.000, 0.000! !END!
688 ! X = 1245.73, -389.984, 1077.000, 0.000! !END!
689 ! X = 1247.213, -389.755, 884.000, 0.000! !END!
690 ! X = 1248.696, -389.526, 1096.000, 0.000! !END!
691 ! X = 1174.216, -398.81, 459.000, 0.000! !END!
692 ! X = 1175.701, -398.594, 516.000, 0.000! !END!
693 ! X = 1177.185, -398.378, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
694 ! X = 1178.67, -398.162, 576.000, 0.000! !END!
695 ! X = 1180.155, -397.946, 656.000, 0.000! !END!
696 ! X = 1181.64, -397.729, 718.000, 0.000! !END!
697 ! X = 1183.125, -397.513, 760.000, 0.000! !END!
698 ! X = 1184.609, -397.295, 994.000, 0.000! !END!
699 ! X = 1187.579, -396.86, 782.000, 0.000! !END!
700 ! X = 1189.063, -396.642, 618.000, 0.000! !END!
701 ! X = 1190.548, -396.424, 489.000, 0.000! !END!
702 ! X = 1192.033, -396.206, 549.000, 0.000! !END!
703 ! X = 1193.517, -395.987, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
704 ! X = 1195.001, -395.768, 577.000, 0.000! !END!
705 ! X = 1196.486, -395.549, 809.000, 0.000! !END!
706 ! X = 1197.97, -395.329, 899.000, 0.000! !END!
707 ! X = 1199.455, -395.109, 1006.000, 0.000! !END!
708 ! X = 1200.939, -394.889, 1262.000, 0.000! !END!
709 ! X = 1202.423, -394.669, 988.000, 0.000! !END!
710 ! X = 1203.907, -394.448, 1120.000, 0.000! !END!
711 ! X = 1205.392, -394.227, 1054.000, 0.000! !END!
712 ! X = 1206.876, -394.006, 860.000, 0.000! !END!
713 ! X = 1208.36, -393.784, 1013.000, 0.000! !END!
714 ! X = 1209.844, -393.563, 1203.000, 0.000! !END!
715 ! X = 1211.328, -393.341, 1212.000, 0.000! !END!
716 ! X = 1212.812, -393.118, 1380.000, 0.000! !END!
717 ! X = 1214.296, -392.896, 1300.000, 0.000! !END!
718 ! X = 1215.78, -392.673, 1206.000, 0.000! !END!
719 ! X = 1217.263, -392.45, 1581.000, 0.000! !END!
720 ! X = 1218.747, -392.227, 1457.000, 0.000! !END!
721 ! X = 1220.231, -392.003, 1699.000, 0.000! !END!
722 ! X = 1221.715, -391.779, 1543.000, 0.000! !END!
723 ! X = 1223.198, -391.555, 1640.000, 0.000! !END!
724 ! X = 1224.682, -391.33, 1476.000, 0.000! !END!
725 ! X = 1226.166, -391.106, 1036.000, 0.000! !END!
726 ! X = 1227.649, -390.881, 1315.000, 0.000! !END!
727 ! X = 1229.133, -390.655, 1504.000, 0.000! !END!
728 ! X = 1230.616, -390.43, 1469.000, 0.000! !END!
729 ! X = 1232.1, -390.204, 1242.000, 0.000! !END!
730 ! X = 1233.583, -389.978, 1453.000, 0.000! !END!
731 ! X = 1235.066, -389.751, 1414.000, 0.000! !END!
732 ! X = 1236.55, -389.525, 1012.000, 0.000! !END!
733 ! X = 1238.033, -389.298, 1127.000, 0.000! !END!
734 ! X = 1239.516, -389.071, 1352.000, 0.000! !END!
735 ! X = 1240.999, -388.843, 1189.000, 0.000! !END!
736 ! X = 1242.482, -388.615, 1257.000, 0.000! !END!
737 ! X = 1243.965, -388.387, 1048.000, 0.000! !END!
738 ! X = 1245.449, -388.159, 856.000, 0.000! !END!

43OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

739 ! X = 1246.932, -387.931, 825.000, 0.000! !END!
740 ! X = 1248.415, -387.702, 1060.000, 0.000! !END!
741 ! X = 1249.897, -387.473, 1125.000, 0.000! !END!
742 ! X = 1175.435, -396.767, 429.000, 0.000! !END!
743 ! X = 1176.92, -396.551, 537.000, 0.000! !END!

744 ! X = 1178.404, -396.335, 459.000, 0.000! !END!
745 ! X = 1179.889, -396.119, 575.000, 0.000! !END!
746 ! X = 1181.373, -395.903, 564.000, 0.000! !END!

747 ! X = 1182.858, -395.686, 646.000, 0.000! !END!
748 ! X = 1188.795, -394.816, 609.000, 0.000! !END!
749 ! X = 1190.279, -394.598, 535.000, 0.000! !END!
750 ! X = 1191.764, -394.379, 489.000, 0.000! !END!
751 ! X = 1193.248, -394.161, 408.000, 0.000! !END!
752 ! X = 1194.732, -393.942, 669.000, 0.000! !END!
753 ! X = 1196.216, -393.722, 675.000, 0.000! !END!
754 ! X = 1197.7, -393.503, 789.000, 0.000! !END!
755 ! X = 1199.184, -393.283, 834.000, 0.000! !END!
756 ! X = 1200.668, -393.063, 852.000, 0.000! !END!
757 ! X = 1202.152, -392.843, 817.000, 0.000! !END!
758 ! X = 1203.636, -392.622, 823.000, 0.000! !END!
759 ! X = 1205.12, -392.401, 750.000, 0.000! !END!
760 ! X = 1206.603, -392.18, 930.000, 0.000! !END!
761 ! X = 1208.087, -391.959, 1127.000, 0.000! !END!
762 ! X = 1209.571, -391.737, 726.000, 0.000! !END!
763 ! X = 1211.054, -391.515, 1065.000, 0.000! !END!
764 ! X = 1212.538, -391.293, 1323.000, 0.000! !END!
765 ! X = 1214.022, -391.07, 1448.000, 0.000! !END!
766 ! X = 1215.505, -390.847, 1548.000, 0.000! !END!
767 ! X = 1216.989, -390.624, 1772.000, 0.000! !END!
768 ! X = 1218.472, -390.401, 1416.000, 0.000! !END!
769 ! X = 1219.956, -390.177, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
770 ! X = 1221.439, -389.954, 1225.000, 0.000! !END!
771 ! X = 1222.922, -389.729, 1580.000, 0.000! !END!
772 ! X = 1224.406, -389.505, 1529.000, 0.000! !END!
773 ! X = 1225.889, -389.28, 1165.000, 0.000! !END!

774 ! X = 1227.372, -389.055, 1418.000, 0.000! !END!
775 ! X = 1228.855, -388.83, 1635.000, 0.000! !END!
776 ! X = 1230.338, -388.605, 1459.000, 0.000! !END!

777 ! X = 1231.822, -388.379, 1310.000, 0.000! !END!
778 ! X = 1233.305, -388.153, 1441.000, 0.000! !END!
779 ! X = 1234.788, -387.926, 1391.000, 0.000! !END!
780 ! X = 1236.271, -387.7, 1337.000, 0.000! !END!
781 ! X = 1237.754, -387.473, 1455.000, 0.000! !END!
782 ! X = 1239.236, -387.246, 1336.000, 0.000! !END!
783 ! X = 1240.719, -387.018, 1223.000, 0.000! !END!
784 ! X = 1242.202, -386.791, 1226.000, 0.000! !END!
785 ! X = 1243.685, -386.563, 979.000, 0.000! !END!
786 ! X = 1245.168, -386.335, 1079.000, 0.000! !END!
787 ! X = 1246.65, -386.106, 1104.000, 0.000! !END!
788 ! X = 1248.133, -385.877, 858.000, 0.000! !END!
789 ! X = 1249.615, -385.648, 1030.000, 0.000! !END!
790 ! X = 1178.138, -394.509, 475.000, 0.000! !END!
791 ! X = 1179.623, -394.292, 440.000, 0.000! !END!
792 ! X = 1181.107, -394.076, 640.000, 0.000! !END!
793 ! X = 1191.495, -392.553, 369.000, 0.000! !END!
794 ! X = 1192.978, -392.334, 478.000, 0.000! !END!
795 ! X = 1194.462, -392.115, 570.000, 0.000! !END!
796 ! X = 1195.946, -391.896, 552.000, 0.000! !END!
797 ! X = 1197.43, -391.677, 843.000, 0.000! !END!
798 ! X = 1198.913, -391.457, 604.000, 0.000! !END!
799 ! X = 1200.397, -391.237, 605.000, 0.000! !END!
800 ! X = 1201.881, -391.017, 652.000, 0.000! !END!
801 ! X = 1203.364, -390.796, 770.000, 0.000! !END!
802 ! X = 1204.848, -390.575, 834.000, 0.000! !END!
803 ! X = 1206.331, -390.354, 725.000, 0.000! !END!
804 ! X = 1207.814, -390.133, 608.000, 0.000! !END!
805 ! X = 1209.298, -389.911, 656.000, 0.000! !END!

44OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

806 ! X = 1210.781, -389.689, 1126.000, 0.000! !END!
807 ! X = 1212.264, -389.467, 1115.000, 0.000! !END!
808 ! X = 1213.748, -389.245, 1387.000, 0.000! !END!
809 ! X = 1215.231, -389.022, 1569.000, 0.000! !END!
810 ! X = 1216.714, -388.799, 1595.000, 0.000! !END!
811 ! X = 1218.197, -388.576, 1195.000, 0.000! !END!
812 ! X = 1219.68, -388.352, 961.000, 0.000! !END!
813 ! X = 1221.163, -388.128, 1084.000, 0.000! !END!
814 ! X = 1222.646, -387.904, 1324.000, 0.000! !END!
815 ! X = 1224.129, -387.68, 1732.000, 0.000! !END!
816 ! X = 1225.612, -387.455, 1720.000, 0.000! !END!
817 ! X = 1227.095, -387.23, 1512.000, 0.000! !END!
818 ! X = 1228.578, -387.005, 1680.000, 0.000! !END!
819 ! X = 1230.061, -386.78, 1528.000, 0.000! !END!
820 ! X = 1231.544, -386.554, 1452.000, 0.000! !END!
821 ! X = 1233.026, -386.328, 1535.000, 0.000! !END!
822 ! X = 1234.509, -386.102, 1401.000, 0.000! !END!
823 ! X = 1235.992, -385.875, 1483.000, 0.000! !END!
824 ! X = 1237.474, -385.648, 1605.000, 0.000! !END!
825 ! X = 1238.957, -385.421, 1574.000, 0.000! !END!
826 ! X = 1240.439, -385.194, 1577.000, 0.000! !END!
827 ! X = 1241.922, -384.966, 1326.000, 0.000! !END!
828 ! X = 1243.404, -384.738, 1393.000, 0.000! !END!
829 ! X = 1244.887, -384.51, 1134.000, 0.000! !END!
830 ! X = 1246.369, -384.282, 971.000, 0.000! !END!
831 ! X = 1247.851, -384.053, 945.000, 0.000! !END!
832 ! X = 1249.333, -383.824, 1058.000, 0.000! !END!
833 ! X = 1192.709, -390.508, 492.000, 0.000! !END!
834 ! X = 1194.193, -390.289, 640.000, 0.000! !END!
835 ! X = 1195.676, -390.07, 587.000, 0.000! !END!
836 ! X = 1197.159, -389.851, 517.000, 0.000! !END!
837 ! X = 1198.643, -389.631, 876.000, 0.000! !END!
838 ! X = 1200.126, -389.411, 983.000, 0.000! !END!
839 ! X = 1201.609, -389.191, 850.000, 0.000! !END!
840 ! X = 1203.092, -388.97, 776.000, 0.000! !END!
841 ! X = 1204.576, -388.749, 518.000, 0.000! !END!
842 ! X = 1206.059, -388.528, 555.000, 0.000! !END!
843 ! X = 1207.542, -388.307, 487.000, 0.000! !END!
844 ! X = 1209.025, -388.085, 626.000, 0.000! !END!
845 ! X = 1210.508, -387.864, 794.000, 0.000! !END!
846 ! X = 1211.991, -387.641, 824.000, 0.000! !END!
847 ! X = 1213.474, -387.419, 1004.000, 0.000! !END!
848 ! X = 1214.957, -387.196, 1101.000, 0.000! !END!
849 ! X = 1216.439, -386.973, 1435.000, 0.000! !END!
850 ! X = 1217.922, -386.75, 1039.000, 0.000! !END!
851 ! X = 1219.405, -386.527, 765.000, 0.000! !END!
852 ! X = 1220.888, -386.303, 961.000, 0.000! !END!
853 ! X = 1222.37, -386.079, 963.000, 0.000! !END!
854 ! X = 1223.853, -385.855, 1391.000, 0.000! !END!
855 ! X = 1225.336, -385.63, 1485.000, 0.000! !END!
856 ! X = 1226.818, -385.405, 1332.000, 0.000! !END!
857 ! X = 1228.301, -385.18, 1520.000, 0.000! !END!
858 ! X = 1229.783, -384.955, 1705.000, 0.000! !END!
859 ! X = 1231.266, -384.729, 1572.000, 0.000! !END!
860 ! X = 1232.748, -384.503, 1802.000, 0.000! !END!
861 ! X = 1234.23, -384.277, 1371.000, 0.000! !END!
862 ! X = 1235.713, -384.05, 1674.000, 0.000! !END!
863 ! X = 1237.195, -383.823, 1676.000, 0.000! !END!
864 ! X = 1238.677, -383.596, 1586.000, 0.000! !END!
865 ! X = 1240.159, -383.369, 1727.000, 0.000! !END!
866 ! X = 1241.641, -383.142, 1516.000, 0.000! !END!
867 ! X = 1243.123, -382.914, 1359.000, 0.000! !END!
868 ! X = 1244.606, -382.686, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
869 ! X = 1246.088, -382.457, 1022.000, 0.000! !END!
870 ! X = 1247.569, -382.228, 1016.000, 0.000! !END!
871 ! X = 1249.051, -382.0, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
872 ! X = 1198.372, -387.805, 652.000, 0.000! !END!

45OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

873 ! X = 1199.855, -387.585, 1164.000, 0.000! !END!
874 ! X = 1201.338, -387.365, 1129.000, 0.000! !END!
875 ! X = 1202.821, -387.144, 1070.000, 0.000! !END!
876 ! X = 1204.304, -386.924, 942.000, 0.000! !END!
877 ! X = 1205.786, -386.703, 668.000, 0.000! !END!
878 ! X = 1207.269, -386.481, 425.000, 0.000! !END!
879 ! X = 1208.752, -386.26, 532.000, 0.000! !END!
880 ! X = 1210.235, -386.038, 696.000, 0.000! !END!
881 ! X = 1211.717, -385.816, 673.000, 0.000! !END!
882 ! X = 1213.2, -385.593, 775.000, 0.000! !END!
883 ! X = 1214.682, -385.371, 1061.000, 0.000! !END!
884 ! X = 1216.165, -385.148, 939.000, 0.000! !END!
885 ! X = 1217.647, -384.925, 817.000, 0.000! !END!
886 ! X = 1219.13, -384.701, 763.000, 0.000! !END!
887 ! X = 1220.612, -384.478, 616.000, 0.000! !END!
888 ! X = 1222.094, -384.254, 877.000, 0.000! !END!
889 ! X = 1223.577, -384.029, 892.000, 0.000! !END!
890 ! X = 1225.059, -383.805, 910.000, 0.000! !END!
891 ! X = 1226.541, -383.58, 1134.000, 0.000! !END!
892 ! X = 1228.023, -383.355, 1358.000, 0.000! !END!
893 ! X = 1229.505, -383.13, 1512.000, 0.000! !END!
894 ! X = 1230.988, -382.904, 1674.000, 0.000! !END!
895 ! X = 1232.47, -382.678, 1806.000, 0.000! !END!
896 ! X = 1233.952, -382.452, 1678.000, 0.000! !END!
897 ! X = 1235.434, -382.225, 1725.000, 0.000! !END!
898 ! X = 1236.916, -381.999, 1256.000, 0.000! !END!
899 ! X = 1238.397, -381.772, 1160.000, 0.000! !END!
900 ! X = 1239.879, -381.544, 1382.000, 0.000! !END!
901 ! X = 1241.361, -381.317, 1289.000, 0.000! !END!
902 ! X = 1242.843, -381.089, 1584.000, 0.000! !END!
903 ! X = 1244.325, -380.861, 1317.000, 0.000! !END!
904 ! X = 1245.806, -380.633, 1170.000, 0.000! !END!
905 ! X = 1211.444, -383.99, 548.000, 0.000! !END!
906 ! X = 1212.926, -383.768, 730.000, 0.000! !END!
907 ! X = 1214.408, -383.545, 699.000, 0.000! !END!
908 ! X = 1215.89, -383.323, 749.000, 0.000! !END!
909 ! X = 1217.372, -383.099, 624.000, 0.000! !END!
910 ! X = 1218.854, -382.876, 608.000, 0.000! !END!
911 ! X = 1220.336, -382.652, 530.000, 0.000! !END!
912 ! X = 1221.818, -382.428, 797.000, 0.000! !END!
913 ! X = 1223.3, -382.204, 1103.000, 0.000! !END!
914 ! X = 1224.782, -381.98, 1110.000, 0.000! !END!
915 ! X = 1226.264, -381.755, 1130.000, 0.000! !END!
916 ! X = 1227.746, -381.53, 1499.000, 0.000! !END!
917 ! X = 1229.228, -381.305, 1742.000, 0.000! !END!
918 ! X = 1230.71, -381.079, 1769.000, 0.000! !END!
919 ! X = 1232.191, -380.853, 1639.000, 0.000! !END!
920 ! X = 1233.673, -380.627, 1342.000, 0.000! !END!
921 ! X = 1235.155, -380.401, 1247.000, 0.000! !END!
922 ! X = 1236.636, -380.174, 1168.000, 0.000! !END!
923 ! X = 1238.118, -379.947, 1012.000, 0.000! !END!
924 ! X = 1239.599, -379.72, 959.000, 0.000! !END!
925 ! X = 1241.081, -379.492, 1366.000, 0.000! !END!
926 ! X = 1242.562, -379.265, 1348.000, 0.000! !END!
927 ! X = 1244.044, -379.037, 1526.000, 0.000! !END!
928 ! X = 1245.525, -378.808, 1042.000, 0.000! !END!
929 ! X = 1214.134, -381.72, 488.000, 0.000! !END!
930 ! X = 1215.616, -381.497, 515.000, 0.000! !END!
931 ! X = 1217.097, -381.274, 491.000, 0.000! !END!
932 ! X = 1218.579, -381.051, 550.000, 0.000! !END!
933 ! X = 1220.061, -380.827, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
934 ! X = 1221.542, -380.603, 781.000, 0.000! !END!
935 ! X = 1223.024, -380.379, 900.000, 0.000! !END!
936 ! X = 1224.506, -380.155, 1059.000, 0.000! !END!
937 ! X = 1225.987, -379.93, 1123.000, 0.000! !END!
938 ! X = 1227.469, -379.705, 1307.000, 0.000! !END!
939 ! X = 1228.95, -379.48, 1166.000, 0.000! !END!

46OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

940 ! X = 1230.432, -379.254, 1302.000, 0.000! !END!
941 ! X = 1231.913, -379.028, 1672.000, 0.000! !END!
942 ! X = 1233.394, -378.802, 1533.000, 0.000! !END!
943 ! X = 1234.876, -378.576, 1429.000, 0.000! !END!
944 ! X = 1236.357, -378.349, 1457.000, 0.000! !END!
945 ! X = 1237.838, -378.122, 1391.000, 0.000! !END!
946 ! X = 1239.319, -377.895, 937.000, 0.000! !END!
947 ! X = 1240.8, -377.668, 1015.000, 0.000! !END!
948 ! X = 1242.281, -377.44, 1056.000, 0.000! !END!
949 ! X = 1243.763, -377.212, 1071.000, 0.000! !END!
950 ! X = 1245.244, -376.984, 1060.000, 0.000! !END!
951 ! X = 1218.304, -379.225, 427.000, 0.000! !END!
952 ! X = 1219.785, -379.002, 480.000, 0.000! !END!
953 ! X = 1221.266, -378.778, 488.000, 0.000! !END!
954 ! X = 1222.748, -378.554, 624.000, 0.000! !END!
955 ! X = 1224.229, -378.33, 761.000, 0.000! !END!
956 ! X = 1225.71, -378.105, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
957 ! X = 1227.191, -377.88, 881.000, 0.000! !END!
958 ! X = 1228.673, -377.655, 821.000, 0.000! !END!
959 ! X = 1230.154, -377.429, 1000.000, 0.000! !END!
960 ! X = 1231.635, -377.204, 1094.000, 0.000! !END!
961 ! X = 1233.116, -376.978, 1208.000, 0.000! !END!
962 ! X = 1234.597, -376.751, 860.000, 0.000! !END!
963 ! X = 1236.078, -376.525, 857.000, 0.000! !END!
964 ! X = 1237.558, -376.298, 1391.000, 0.000! !END!
965 ! X = 1239.039, -376.071, 1265.000, 0.000! !END!
966 ! X = 1240.52, -375.843, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
967 ! X = 1242.001, -375.616, 921.000, 0.000! !END!
968 ! X = 1243.482, -375.388, 611.000, 0.000! !END!
969 ! X = 1226.914, -376.055, 608.000, 0.000! !END!
970 ! X = 1229.876, -375.604, 699.000, 0.000! !END!
971 ! X = 1231.356, -375.379, 785.000, 0.000! !END!
972 ! X = 1232.837, -375.153, 892.000, 0.000! !END!
973 ! X = 1234.318, -374.927, 622.000, 0.000! !END!
974 ! X = 1235.798, -374.7, 762.000, 0.000! !END!
975 ! X = 1237.279, -374.473, 1130.000, 0.000! !END!
976 ! X = 1238.759, -374.246, 1458.000, 0.000! !END!
977 ! X = 1240.24, -374.019, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
978 ! X = 1241.72, -373.791, 823.000, 0.000! !END!
979 ! X = 1243.201, -373.563, 603.000, 0.000! !END!
980 ! X = 1232.558, -373.328, 534.000, 0.000! !END!
981 ! X = 1234.039, -373.102, 545.000, 0.000! !END!
982 ! X = 1235.519, -372.875, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
983 ! X = 1236.999, -372.649, 735.000, 0.000! !END!
984 ! X = 1238.479, -372.422, 885.000, 0.000! !END!
985 ! X = 1239.959, -372.194, 873.000, 0.000! !END!
986 ! X = 1124.359, -493.51, 903.000, 0.000! !END!
987 ! X = 1125.11, -493.407, 958.000, 0.000! !END!
988 ! X = 1125.861, -493.304, 1057.000, 0.000! !END!
989 ! X = 1123.482, -492.698, 969.000, 0.000! !END!
990 ! X = 1124.233, -492.595, 846.000, 0.000! !END!
991 ! X = 1124.984, -492.492, 853.000, 0.000! !END!
992 ! X = 1125.735, -492.389, 873.000, 0.000! !END!
993 ! X = 1121.103, -492.091, 1070.000, 0.000! !END!
994 ! X = 1121.855, -491.988, 1189.000, 0.000! !END!
995 ! X = 1122.606, -491.886, 1015.000, 0.000! !END!
996 ! X = 1123.357, -491.783, 893.000, 0.000! !END!
997 ! X = 1124.108, -491.68, 763.000, 0.000! !END!
998 ! X = 1124.859, -491.576, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
999 ! X = 1125.61, -491.473, 805.000, 0.000! !END!
1000 ! X = 1126.361, -491.37, 962.000, 0.000! !END!
1001 ! X = 1120.227, -491.279, 934.000, 0.000! !END!
1002 ! X = 1120.978, -491.176, 926.000, 0.000! !END!
1003 ! X = 1121.729, -491.073, 1023.000, 0.000! !END!
1004 ! X = 1122.48, -490.97, 950.000, 0.000! !END!
1005 ! X = 1123.231, -490.867, 823.000, 0.000! !END!
1006 ! X = 1123.982, -490.764, 762.000, 0.000! !END!

47OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1007 ! X = 1124.733, -490.661, 775.000, 0.000! !END!
1008 ! X = 1125.484, -490.558, 764.000, 0.000! !END!
1009 ! X = 1126.235, -490.455, 908.000, 0.000! !END!
1010 ! X = 1120.102, -490.363, 918.000, 0.000! !END!
1011 ! X = 1120.853, -490.261, 822.000, 0.000! !END!
1012 ! X = 1121.604, -490.158, 876.000, 0.000! !END!
1013 ! X = 1122.355, -490.055, 918.000, 0.000! !END!
1014 ! X = 1123.105, -489.952, 673.000, 0.000! !END!
1015 ! X = 1123.856, -489.849, 671.000, 0.000! !END!
1016 ! X = 1124.607, -489.746, 785.000, 0.000! !END!
1017 ! X = 1125.358, -489.643, 937.000, 0.000! !END!
1018 ! X = 1126.109, -489.54, 883.000, 0.000! !END!
1019 ! X = 1126.86, -489.436, 967.000, 0.000! !END!
1020 ! X = 1119.977, -489.448, 785.000, 0.000! !END!
1021 ! X = 1120.728, -489.345, 821.000, 0.000! !END!
1022 ! X = 1121.478, -489.243, 846.000, 0.000! !END!
1023 ! X = 1122.229, -489.14, 766.000, 0.000! !END!
1024 ! X = 1122.98, -489.037, 610.000, 0.000! !END!
1025 ! X = 1123.731, -488.934, 793.000, 0.000! !END!
1026 ! X = 1124.481, -488.831, 959.000, 0.000! !END!
1027 ! X = 1125.232, -488.728, 928.000, 0.000! !END!
1028 ! X = 1125.983, -488.624, 1090.000, 0.000! !END!
1029 ! X = 1126.734, -488.521, 1154.000, 0.000! !END!
1030 ! X = 1127.484, -488.418, 1002.000, 0.000! !END!
1031 ! X = 1128.235, -488.314, 893.000, 0.000! !END!
1032 ! X = 1120.602, -488.43, 610.000, 0.000! !END!
1033 ! X = 1121.353, -488.327, 706.000, 0.000! !END!
1034 ! X = 1122.104, -488.224, 581.000, 0.000! !END!
1035 ! X = 1122.854, -488.122, 628.000, 0.000! !END!
1036 ! X = 1123.605, -488.019, 673.000, 0.000! !END!
1037 ! X = 1124.356, -487.915, 878.000, 0.000! !END!
1038 ! X = 1125.106, -487.812, 1099.000, 0.000! !END!
1039 ! X = 1125.857, -487.709, 1175.000, 0.000! !END!
1040 ! X = 1126.608, -487.606, 1139.000, 0.000! !END!
1041 ! X = 1127.358, -487.502, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
1042 ! X = 1128.109, -487.399, 862.000, 0.000! !END!
1043 ! X = 1120.477, -487.515, 606.000, 0.000! !END!
1044 ! X = 1121.228, -487.412, 557.000, 0.000! !END!
1045 ! X = 1121.978, -487.309, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
1046 ! X = 1122.729, -487.206, 646.000, 0.000! !END!
1047 ! X = 1123.479, -487.103, 777.000, 0.000! !END!
1048 ! X = 1124.23, -487.0, 939.000, 0.000! !END!
1049 ! X = 1124.981, -486.897, 1000.000, 0.000! !END!
1050 ! X = 1125.731, -486.794, 1134.000, 0.000! !END!
1051 ! X = 1126.482, -486.691, 1042.000, 0.000! !END!
1052 ! X = 1127.232, -486.587, 1096.000, 0.000! !END!
1053 ! X = 1127.983, -486.484, 905.000, 0.000! !END!
1054 ! X = 1128.733, -486.38, 796.000, 0.000! !END!
1055 ! X = 1120.352, -486.6, 498.000, 0.000! !END!
1056 ! X = 1121.102, -486.497, 532.000, 0.000! !END!
1057 ! X = 1121.853, -486.394, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
1058 ! X = 1122.603, -486.291, 620.000, 0.000! !END!
1059 ! X = 1123.354, -486.188, 753.000, 0.000! !END!
1060 ! X = 1124.104, -486.085, 971.000, 0.000! !END!
1061 ! X = 1124.855, -485.982, 995.000, 0.000! !END!
1062 ! X = 1125.605, -485.879, 1063.000, 0.000! !END!
1063 ! X = 1126.356, -485.775, 912.000, 0.000! !END!
1064 ! X = 1127.106, -485.672, 1072.000, 0.000! !END!
1065 ! X = 1127.857, -485.569, 970.000, 0.000! !END!
1066 ! X = 1128.607, -485.465, 828.000, 0.000! !END!
1067 ! X = 1120.226, -485.684, 460.000, 0.000! !END!
1068 ! X = 1120.977, -485.582, 567.000, 0.000! !END!
1069 ! X = 1121.727, -485.479, 524.000, 0.000! !END!
1070 ! X = 1122.478, -485.376, 596.000, 0.000! !END!
1071 ! X = 1123.228, -485.273, 661.000, 0.000! !END!
1072 ! X = 1123.979, -485.17, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
1073 ! X = 1124.729, -485.067, 963.000, 0.000! !END!

48OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1074 ! X = 1125.479, -484.964, 957.000, 0.000! !END!
1075 ! X = 1126.23, -484.86, 924.000, 0.000! !END!
1076 ! X = 1126.98, -484.757, 1039.000, 0.000! !END!
1077 ! X = 1127.731, -484.654, 867.000, 0.000! !END!
1078 ! X = 1128.481, -484.55, 846.000, 0.000! !END!
1079 ! X = 1129.231, -484.447, 715.000, 0.000! !END!
1080 ! X = 1129.982, -484.343, 734.000, 0.000! !END!
1081 ! X = 1130.732, -484.239, 761.000, 0.000! !END!
1082 ! X = 1131.482, -484.136, 798.000, 0.000! !END!
1083 ! X = 1118.6, -484.974, 476.000, 0.000! !END!
1084 ! X = 1119.351, -484.872, 488.000, 0.000! !END!
1085 ! X = 1120.101, -484.769, 446.000, 0.000! !END!
1086 ! X = 1120.852, -484.666, 443.000, 0.000! !END!
1087 ! X = 1121.602, -484.563, 549.000, 0.000! !END!
1088 ! X = 1122.352, -484.461, 526.000, 0.000! !END!
1089 ! X = 1123.103, -484.358, 596.000, 0.000! !END!
1090 ! X = 1123.853, -484.255, 733.000, 0.000! !END!
1091 ! X = 1124.603, -484.152, 905.000, 0.000! !END!
1092 ! X = 1125.354, -484.048, 867.000, 0.000! !END!
1093 ! X = 1126.104, -483.945, 781.000, 0.000! !END!
1094 ! X = 1126.854, -483.842, 900.000, 0.000! !END!
1095 ! X = 1127.604, -483.738, 808.000, 0.000! !END!
1096 ! X = 1128.355, -483.635, 638.000, 0.000! !END!
1097 ! X = 1129.105, -483.532, 774.000, 0.000! !END!
1098 ! X = 1129.855, -483.428, 881.000, 0.000! !END!
1099 ! X = 1130.606, -483.324, 769.000, 0.000! !END!
1100 ! X = 1118.475, -484.059, 487.000, 0.000! !END!
1101 ! X = 1119.226, -483.956, 396.000, 0.000! !END!
1102 ! X = 1119.976, -483.854, 426.000, 0.000! !END!
1103 ! X = 1120.726, -483.751, 458.000, 0.000! !END!
1104 ! X = 1121.476, -483.648, 475.000, 0.000! !END!
1105 ! X = 1122.227, -483.545, 514.000, 0.000! !END!
1106 ! X = 1122.977, -483.442, 546.000, 0.000! !END!
1107 ! X = 1123.727, -483.339, 623.000, 0.000! !END!
1108 ! X = 1124.477, -483.236, 833.000, 0.000! !END!
1109 ! X = 1125.228, -483.133, 909.000, 0.000! !END!
1110 ! X = 1125.978, -483.03, 655.000, 0.000! !END!
1111 ! X = 1126.728, -482.927, 841.000, 0.000! !END!
1112 ! X = 1127.478, -482.823, 717.000, 0.000! !END!
1113 ! X = 1128.229, -482.72, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
1114 ! X = 1128.979, -482.616, 680.000, 0.000! !END!
1115 ! X = 1129.729, -482.513, 838.000, 0.000! !END!
1116 ! X = 1130.479, -482.409, 810.000, 0.000! !END!
1117 ! X = 1122.851, -482.527, 578.000, 0.000! !END!
1118 ! X = 1123.602, -482.424, 640.000, 0.000! !END!
1119 ! X = 1124.352, -482.321, 605.000, 0.000! !END!
1120 ! X = 1125.102, -482.218, 722.000, 0.000! !END!
1121 ! X = 1125.852, -482.115, 654.000, 0.000! !END!
1122 ! X = 1126.602, -482.012, 858.000, 0.000! !END!
1123 ! X = 1127.352, -481.908, 695.000, 0.000! !END!
1124 ! X = 1128.102, -481.805, 552.000, 0.000! !END!
1125 ! X = 1128.852, -481.701, 646.000, 0.000! !END!
1126 ! X = 1129.603, -481.598, 848.000, 0.000! !END!
1127 ! X = 1130.353, -481.494, 870.000, 0.000! !END!
1128 ! X = 1131.103, -481.39, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
1129 ! X = 1122.726, -481.612, 549.000, 0.000! !END!
1130 ! X = 1123.476, -481.509, 522.000, 0.000! !END!
1131 ! X = 1124.226, -481.406, 518.000, 0.000! !END!
1132 ! X = 1124.976, -481.303, 566.000, 0.000! !END!
1133 ! X = 1125.726, -481.2, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
1134 ! X = 1126.476, -481.096, 709.000, 0.000! !END!
1135 ! X = 1127.226, -480.993, 619.000, 0.000! !END!
1136 ! X = 1127.976, -480.89, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
1137 ! X = 1128.726, -480.786, 732.000, 0.000! !END!
1138 ! X = 1129.476, -480.683, 896.000, 0.000! !END!
1139 ! X = 1130.226, -480.579, 949.000, 0.000! !END!
1140 ! X = 1130.976, -480.475, 760.000, 0.000! !END!

49OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1141 ! X = 1131.726, -480.372, 644.000, 0.000! !END!
1142 ! X = 1122.6, -480.697, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
1143 ! X = 1123.35, -480.594, 511.000, 0.000! !END!
1144 ! X = 1124.1, -480.491, 513.000, 0.000! !END!
1145 ! X = 1124.85, -480.388, 549.000, 0.000! !END!
1146 ! X = 1125.6, -480.285, 579.000, 0.000! !END!
1147 ! X = 1126.35, -480.181, 594.000, 0.000! !END!
1148 ! X = 1127.1, -480.078, 536.000, 0.000! !END!
1149 ! X = 1127.85, -479.975, 598.000, 0.000! !END!
1150 ! X = 1128.6, -479.871, 670.000, 0.000! !END!
1151 ! X = 1129.35, -479.768, 815.000, 0.000! !END!
1152 ! X = 1130.1, -479.664, 975.000, 0.000! !END!
1153 ! X = 1130.85, -479.56, 839.000, 0.000! !END!
1154 ! X = 1131.6, -479.457, 696.000, 0.000! !END!
1155 ! X = 1123.224, -479.679, 457.000, 0.000! !END!
1156 ! X = 1123.974, -479.576, 457.000, 0.000! !END!
1157 ! X = 1124.724, -479.473, 429.000, 0.000! !END!
1158 ! X = 1125.474, -479.369, 487.000, 0.000! !END!
1159 ! X = 1126.224, -479.266, 502.000, 0.000! !END!
1160 ! X = 1126.974, -479.163, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
1161 ! X = 1127.724, -479.06, 587.000, 0.000! !END!
1162 ! X = 1128.474, -478.956, 760.000, 0.000! !END!
1163 ! X = 1129.223, -478.853, 914.000, 0.000! !END!
1164 ! X = 1129.973, -478.749, 1039.000, 0.000! !END!
1165 ! X = 1130.723, -478.645, 917.000, 0.000! !END!
1166 ! X = 1131.473, -478.542, 903.000, 0.000! !END!
1167 ! X = 1132.223, -478.438, 654.000, 0.000! !END!
1168 ! X = 1122.349, -478.867, 456.000, 0.000! !END!
1169 ! X = 1123.099, -478.764, 495.000, 0.000! !END!
1170 ! X = 1123.849, -478.661, 400.000, 0.000! !END!
1171 ! X = 1124.598, -478.558, 519.000, 0.000! !END!
1172 ! X = 1125.348, -478.454, 630.000, 0.000! !END!
1173 ! X = 1126.098, -478.351, 582.000, 0.000! !END!
1174 ! X = 1126.848, -478.248, 611.000, 0.000! !END!
1175 ! X = 1127.598, -478.144, 769.000, 0.000! !END!
1176 ! X = 1128.347, -478.041, 610.000, 0.000! !END!
1177 ! X = 1129.097, -477.938, 701.000, 0.000! !END!
1178 ! X = 1129.847, -477.834, 915.000, 0.000! !END!
1179 ! X = 1130.597, -477.73, 890.000, 0.000! !END!
1180 ! X = 1131.346, -477.627, 762.000, 0.000! !END!
1181 ! X = 1132.096, -477.523, 616.000, 0.000! !END!
1182 ! X = 1119.974, -478.26, 310.000, 0.000! !END!
1183 ! X = 1120.724, -478.157, 408.000, 0.000! !END!
1184 ! X = 1121.474, -478.054, 449.000, 0.000! !END!
1185 ! X = 1122.223, -477.951, 476.000, 0.000! !END!
1186 ! X = 1122.973, -477.848, 449.000, 0.000! !END!
1187 ! X = 1123.723, -477.745, 468.000, 0.000! !END!
1188 ! X = 1124.473, -477.642, 482.000, 0.000! !END!
1189 ! X = 1125.222, -477.539, 615.000, 0.000! !END!
1190 ! X = 1125.972, -477.436, 647.000, 0.000! !END!
1191 ! X = 1126.722, -477.333, 614.000, 0.000! !END!
1192 ! X = 1127.471, -477.229, 747.000, 0.000! !END!
1193 ! X = 1128.221, -477.126, 942.000, 0.000! !END!
1194 ! X = 1128.971, -477.022, 893.000, 0.000! !END!
1195 ! X = 1129.72, -476.919, 955.000, 0.000! !END!
1196 ! X = 1130.47, -476.815, 874.000, 0.000! !END!
1197 ! X = 1131.22, -476.712, 662.000, 0.000! !END!
1198 ! X = 1131.969, -476.608, 636.000, 0.000! !END!
1199 ! X = 1132.719, -476.504, 544.000, 0.000! !END!
1200 ! X = 1126.596, -476.418, 717.000, 0.000! !END!
1201 ! X = 1127.345, -476.314, 750.000, 0.000! !END!
1202 ! X = 1128.095, -476.211, 982.000, 0.000! !END!
1203 ! X = 1128.844, -476.107, 1141.000, 0.000! !END!
1204 ! X = 1126.469, -475.503, 847.000, 0.000! !END!
1205 ! X = 1127.219, -475.399, 1013.000, 0.000! !END!
1206 ! X = 1273.44, -416.507, 1629.000, 0.000! !END!
1207 ! X = 1274.184, -416.39, 1586.000, 0.000! !END!

50OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1208 ! X = 1274.928, -416.274, 1370.000, 0.000! !END!
1209 ! X = 1275.672, -416.157, 1274.000, 0.000! !END!
1210 ! X = 1276.416, -416.04, 1181.000, 0.000! !END!
1211 ! X = 1268.832, -416.294, 1183.000, 0.000! !END!
1212 ! X = 1269.576, -416.178, 1416.000, 0.000! !END!
1213 ! X = 1270.321, -416.062, 1541.000, 0.000! !END!
1214 ! X = 1271.065, -415.945, 1677.000, 0.000! !END!
1215 ! X = 1271.809, -415.828, 1640.000, 0.000! !END!
1216 ! X = 1272.553, -415.712, 1770.000, 0.000! !END!
1217 ! X = 1273.297, -415.595, 1679.000, 0.000! !END!
1218 ! X = 1274.041, -415.478, 1585.000, 0.000! !END!
1219 ! X = 1274.785, -415.361, 1529.000, 0.000! !END!
1220 ! X = 1275.529, -415.244, 1309.000, 0.000! !END!
1221 ! X = 1276.273, -415.127, 1128.000, 0.000! !END!
1222 ! X = 1267.946, -415.498, 1097.000, 0.000! !END!
1223 ! X = 1268.69, -415.382, 1217.000, 0.000! !END!
1224 ! X = 1269.434, -415.266, 1536.000, 0.000! !END!
1225 ! X = 1270.178, -415.149, 1463.000, 0.000! !END!
1226 ! X = 1270.922, -415.033, 1436.000, 0.000! !END!
1227 ! X = 1271.666, -414.916, 1629.000, 0.000! !END!
1228 ! X = 1272.41, -414.8, 1771.000, 0.000! !END!
1229 ! X = 1273.154, -414.683, 1622.000, 0.000! !END!
1230 ! X = 1273.898, -414.566, 1425.000, 0.000! !END!
1231 ! X = 1274.641, -414.449, 1312.000, 0.000! !END!
1232 ! X = 1275.385, -414.332, 1362.000, 0.000! !END!
1233 ! X = 1276.129, -414.215, 1067.000, 0.000! !END!
1234 ! X = 1276.873, -414.098, 1162.000, 0.000! !END!
1235 ! X = 1277.617, -413.981, 1399.000, 0.000! !END!
1236 ! X = 1267.059, -414.702, 1029.000, 0.000! !END!
1237 ! X = 1267.803, -414.586, 1227.000, 0.000! !END!
1238 ! X = 1268.547, -414.47, 1505.000, 0.000! !END!
1239 ! X = 1269.291, -414.354, 1347.000, 0.000! !END!
1240 ! X = 1270.035, -414.237, 1317.000, 0.000! !END!
1241 ! X = 1270.779, -414.121, 1536.000, 0.000! !END!
1242 ! X = 1271.523, -414.004, 1675.000, 0.000! !END!
1243 ! X = 1272.267, -413.887, 1729.000, 0.000! !END!
1244 ! X = 1273.01, -413.771, 1523.000, 0.000! !END!
1245 ! X = 1273.754, -413.654, 1544.000, 0.000! !END!
1246 ! X = 1274.498, -413.537, 1429.000, 0.000! !END!
1247 ! X = 1275.242, -413.42, 1315.000, 0.000! !END!
1248 ! X = 1275.986, -413.303, 1068.000, 0.000! !END!
1249 ! X = 1276.73, -413.186, 1066.000, 0.000! !END!
1250 ! X = 1277.473, -413.069, 1352.000, 0.000! !END!
1251 ! X = 1266.173, -413.906, 1024.000, 0.000! !END!
1252 ! X = 1266.917, -413.79, 1296.000, 0.000! !END!
1253 ! X = 1267.661, -413.674, 1404.000, 0.000! !END!
1254 ! X = 1268.404, -413.558, 1373.000, 0.000! !END!
1255 ! X = 1269.148, -413.441, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
1256 ! X = 1269.892, -413.325, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
1257 ! X = 1270.636, -413.208, 1419.000, 0.000! !END!
1258 ! X = 1271.38, -413.092, 1571.000, 0.000! !END!
1259 ! X = 1272.124, -412.975, 1741.000, 0.000! !END!
1260 ! X = 1272.867, -412.859, 1717.000, 0.000! !END!
1261 ! X = 1273.611, -412.742, 1616.000, 0.000! !END!
1262 ! X = 1274.355, -412.625, 1569.000, 0.000! !END!
1263 ! X = 1275.099, -412.508, 1422.000, 0.000! !END!
1264 ! X = 1275.842, -412.391, 1161.000, 0.000! !END!
1265 ! X = 1265.287, -413.11, 968.000, 0.000! !END!
1266 ! X = 1266.03, -412.994, 1198.000, 0.000! !END!
1267 ! X = 1266.774, -412.878, 1362.000, 0.000! !END!
1268 ! X = 1267.518, -412.762, 1470.000, 0.000! !END!
1269 ! X = 1268.262, -412.645, 1248.000, 0.000! !END!
1270 ! X = 1269.006, -412.529, 1058.000, 0.000! !END!
1271 ! X = 1269.749, -412.413, 1170.000, 0.000! !END!
1272 ! X = 1270.493, -412.296, 1415.000, 0.000! !END!
1273 ! X = 1271.237, -412.18, 1689.000, 0.000! !END!
1274 ! X = 1271.98, -412.063, 1547.000, 0.000! !END!

51OCFRBGA01.inp 12/11/2006

1275 ! X = 1272.724, -411.946, 1550.000, 0.000! !END!
1276 ! X = 1273.468, -411.83, 1437.000, 0.000! !END!
1277 ! X = 1274.212, -411.713, 1508.000, 0.000! !END!
1278 ! X = 1274.955, -411.596, 1300.000, 0.000! !END!
1279 ! X = 1275.699, -411.479, 1176.000, 0.000! !END!
1280 ! X = 1268.863, -411.617, 1012.000, 0.000! !END!
1281 ! X = 1269.606, -411.501, 1285.000, 0.000! !END!
1282 ! X = 1270.35, -411.384, 1366.000, 0.000! !END!
1283 ! X = 1271.094, -411.268, 1566.000, 0.000! !END!
1284 ! X = 1271.837, -411.151, 1451.000, 0.000! !END!
1285 ! X = 1272.581, -411.034, 1359.000, 0.000! !END!
1286 ! X = 1273.325, -410.918, 1273.000, 0.000! !END!
1287 ! X = 1274.068, -410.801, 1274.000, 0.000! !END!
1288 ! X = 1274.812, -410.684, 1280.000, 0.000! !END!
1289 ! X = 1275.555, -410.567, 1155.000, 0.000! !END!
1290 ! X = 1270.207, -410.472, 1179.000, 0.000! !END!
1291 ! X = 1270.951, -410.355, 1348.000, 0.000! !END!
1292 ! X = 1271.694, -410.239, 1488.000, 0.000! !END!
1293 ! X = 1270.808, -409.443, 1442.000, 0.000! !END!
1294 ! X = 1271.551, -409.327, 1565.000, 0.000! !END!
1295 ! X = 1272.295, -409.21, 1505.000, 0.000! !END!
1296 ! X = 1273.038, -409.093, 1409.000, 0.000! !END!
1297 ! X = 1273.782, -408.977, 1380.000, 0.000! !END!
1298 ! X = 1274.525, -408.86, 1303.000, 0.000! !END!
1299 ! X = 1275.268, -408.743, 1104.000, 0.000! !END!
1300 ! X = 1269.921, -408.648, 1500.000, 0.000! !END!
1301 ! X = 1271.408, -408.415, 1678.000, 0.000! !END!
1302 ! X = 1272.152, -408.298, 1707.000, 0.000! !END!
1303 ! X = 1272.895, -408.181, 1515.000, 0.000! !END!
1304 ! X = 1273.638, -408.065, 1321.000, 0.000! !END!
1305 ! X = 1274.382, -407.948, 1219.000, 0.000! !END!
1306 ! X = 1271.265, -407.502, 1394.000, 0.000! !END!
1307 ! X = 1272.008, -407.386, 1522.000, 0.000! !END!
1308 ! X = 1272.752, -407.269, 1411.000, 0.000! !END!
1309 ! X = 1273.495, -407.152, 1234.000, 0.000! !END!
1310 ! X = 1271.122, -406.59, 1189.000, 0.000! !END!
1311 ! X = 1271.865, -406.474, 1343.000, 0.000! !END!
1312 ! X = 1272.609, -406.357, 1265.000, 0.000! !END!
1313 ! X = 1270.979, -405.678, 1045.000, 0.000! !END!
1314 ! X = 1271.722, -405.562, 1235.000, 0.000! !END!
1315 ! X = 1272.465, -405.445, 1066.000, 0.000! !END!

-------------

a Data for each receptor are treated as a separate input subgroup

and therefore must end with an input group terminator.

b Receptor height above ground is optional. If no value is entered,

the receptor is placed on the ground.

52

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## SAMPLE POSTUTIL INPUT FILE

OCFRBGAUT01.INP
12-KM SCREENING A NALYSIS YEAR 2001OCFRBGAUT01.inp OC FAIRBURN GEORGIA BART APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS 2001 SIPSEY/JOYCE KILMER/GREAT SMOKEY MOUNTAINS/COHUTTA/SHINING ROCK ---------------- Run title (3 lines) ------------------------------------------

POSTUTIL MODEL CONTROL FILE

---------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 0 -- Input and Output File Names

--------------

------------- Subgroup (0a)

-------------
Output Files

------------

File Default File Name

---- ----------------- List File POSTUTIL.LST ! UTLLST =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGAUT01.LST ! Data File MODEL.DAT ! UTLDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGAUT01.CON !

Input Files

-----------
A time-varying file of "background" concentrations can be included when the ammonia-limiting method (ALM) for setting the HNO3/NO3 concentration partition is accomplished in 1 step. This option is selected by setting MNITRATE=3 in Input Group 1. Species required in the "background" concentration file are: SO4, NO3, HNO3 and TNH3 (total NH3 = NH3gaseous + NH3particulate).

File Default File Name

---- ----------------- BCKG File BCKGALM.DAT * BCKGALM =BCKGALM.DAT *

A number of CALPUFF data files may be processed in this application. The files may represent individual CALPUFF simulations that were made for a specific set of species and/or sources. Specify the total number of CALPUFF runs you wish to combine, and provide the filename for each in subgroup 0b.

Number of CALPUFF data files (NFILES) Default: 1 ! NFILES = 1 !

Meteorological data files are needed for the HNO3/NO3 partition option. Three types of meteorological data files can be used: METFM= 0 - CALMET.DAT METFM= 1 - 1-D file with RH, Temp and Rhoair timeseries METFM= 2 - 2-D files with either Rh, Temp or Rhoair in each (3 2_D files are needed) The default is to use CALMET.DAT files.

Default: 0 ! METFM = 0 ! Page 1OCFRBGAUT01.inp

Multiple meteorological data files may be used in sequence to span the processing period. Specify the number of time-period files (NMET) that you need to use, and provide a filename for each in subgroup 0b. - NMET is 0 if no meteorological files are provided - NMET is 1 if METFM=1 (multiple file feature is not available) - NMET is 1 or more if METFM=0 or 2 (multiple CALMET files or 2DMET files)

Number of meteorological data file time-periods (NMET) Default: 0 ! NMET = 0 !

All filenames will be converted to lower case if LCFILES = T Otherwise, if LCFILES = F, filenames will be converted to UPPER CASE

Convert filenames to lower case? Default: T ! LCFILES = T ! T = lower case F = UPPER CASE

!END!

----------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: file/path names can be up to 70 characters in length

-----------------------------------------------------------

------------- Subgroup (0b)

-------------
NMET CALMET Data Files (METFM=0):

Input File Default File Name

---------- ----------------- 1 MET.DAT * UTLMET =CALMET.DAT *

NMET 1-D Data Files (METFM=1):

Input File Default File Name

---------- ----------------- 1 MET_1D.DAT * MET1D = MET_1D.DAT * *END*

NMET 2-D Data Files of Each Type (METFM=2):

Input File Default File Name

---------- ----------------- 1 RHUMD.DAT * M2DRHU = RELHUM.DAT * *END* 1 TEMP.DAT * M2DTMP = TEMP.DAT * *END* 1 RHOAIR.DAT * M2DRHO = RHOAIR.DAT * *END*

NFILES CALPUFF Data Files:

Input File Default File Name

---------- ----------------- 1 CALPUFF.DAT ! MODDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGA01.con ! !END!

------------- Page 2OCFRBGAUT01.inp Note: provide NMET lines of the form * UTLMET = name * *END*

or * MET1D = name * *END*

or * M2DRHU = name * *END* (and) * M2DTMP = name * *END* (and) * M2DRHO = name * *END*

and NFILES lines of the form * MODDAT = name * *END*

where the * should be replaced with an exclamation point, the special delimiter character.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 1 -- General run control parameters

-------------- Starting date: Year (ISYR) -- No default ! ISYR = 2001 ! Month (ISMO) -- No default ! ISMO = 1 ! Day (ISDY) -- No default ! ISDY = 1 ! Hour (ISHR) -- No default ! ISHR = 1 !

Number of periods to process (NPER) -- No default ! NPER = 8760 !

Number of species to process from CALPUFF runs (NSPECINP) -- No default ! NSPECINP = 19 !

Number of species to write to output file (NSPECOUT) -- No default ! NSPECOUT = 9 !

Number of species to compute from those modeled (must be no greater than NSPECOUT) (NSPECCMP) -- No default ! NSPECCMP = 4 !

When multiple files are used, a species name may appear in more than one file. Data for this species will be summed (appropriate if the CALPUFF runs use different source groups). If this summing is not appropriate, remove duplicate species from the file(s).

Stop run if duplicate species names are found? (MDUPLCT) Default: 0 ! MDUPLCT = 0 ! 0 = no (i.e., duplicate species are summed) 1 = yes (i.e., run is halted)

Data for each species in a CALPUFF data file may also be scaled as they are read. This can be done to alter the emission rate of all sources that were modeled in a particular CALPUFF application. The scaling factor for each species is entered in Subgroup (2d), for each file for which scaling is requested.

Number of CALPUFF data files that will be scaled (must be no greater than NFILES) (NSCALED) Default: 0 ! NSCALED = 0 !

Ammonia-Limiting Method Option to recompute the HNO3/NO3 concentration partition prior to performing other actions is controlled by MNITRATE. This option will NOT alter any deposition fluxes contained in the CALPUFF file(s). Three partition selections are provided. The first two are Page 3OCFRBGAUT01.inp typically used in sequence (POSTUTIL is run more than once). The first selection (MNITRATE=1) computes the partition for the TOTAL (all sources) concentration fields (SO4, NO3, HNO3; NH3), and the second (MNITRATE=2) uses this partition (from the previous application of POSTUTIL) to compute the partition for individual source groups. The third selection (MNITRATE=3) can be used instead in a single POSTUTIL application if a file of background concentrations is provided (BCKGALM in Input Group 0).

Required information for MNITRATE=1 includes: species NO3, HNO3, and SO4 NH3 concentration(s) met. data file for RH and T

Required information for MNITRATE=2 includes: species NO3 and HNO3 for a source group species NO3ALL and HNO3ALL for all source groups, properly partitioned

Required information for MNITRATE=3 includes: species NO3, HNO3, and SO4 for a source group species NO3, HNO3, SO4 and TNH3 from the background BCKGALM file If TNH3 is not in the background BCKGALM file, monthly TNH3 concentrations are used (BCKTNH3) TNH3= total NH3 = NH3gaseous+NH3particulate

Recompute the HNO3/NO3 partition for concentrations? (MNITRATE) Default: 0 ! MNITRATE = 0 ! 0 = no 1 = yes, for all sources combined 2 = yes, for a source group 3 = yes, ALM application in one step

SOURCE OF AMMONIA:

Ammonia may be available as a modeled species in the CALPUFF files, and it may or may not be appropriate to use it for repartitioning NO3/HNO3 (in option MNITRATE=1 or MNITRATE=3). Its use is contolled by NH3TYP. When NH3 is listed as a processed species in Subgroup (2a), as one of the NSPECINP ASPECI entries, and the right option is chosen for NH3TYP, the NH3 modeled values from the CALPUFF concentration files will be used in the chemical equilibrium calculation.

NH3TYP also controls when monthly background ammonia values are used. Both gaseous (NH3) and total (TNH3=NH3gaseous+NH3particulate) ammonia can be provided monthly as BCKNH3/BCKTNH3.

What is the input source of Ammonia? (NH3TYP) No Default ! NH3TYP = 0 ! 0 = No background will be used. ONLY NH3 or TNH3 from the concentration files listed in Subgroup (2a&2b) as a processed species will be used. (Cannot be used with MNITRATE=3)

1 = NH3 Monthly averaged background (BCKNH3) listed below will be added to NH3 from concentration files listed in Subgroup (2a)

2 = NH3 from background concentration file BCKGALM will be added to NH3 from concentration files listed in Subgroup (2a&2b) (ONLY possible for MNITRATE=3) Page 4OCFRBGAUT01.inp

3 = NH3 Monthly averaged background (BCKNH3) listed below will be used alone.

4 = NH3 from background concentration file BCKGALM will be used alone (ONLY possible for MNITRATE=3)

| OPTION | NH3 or TNH3 CONC | BCKNH3 or BCKTNH3 | TNH3/BCKGALM or BCKTNH3 | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------| | 0 | X | 0 | 0 | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------| | 1 | X | X | 0 | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------| | 2 | X | 0 | X | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------| | 3 | 0 | X | 0 | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------| | 4 | 0 | 0 | X | |--------|------------------|-------------------|-------------------------|

Default monthly (12 values) background ammonia concentration (ppb) used for HNO3/NO3 partition (need to choose one or the other):

Gaseous NH3 (BCKNH3) Default: -999 ! BCKNH3 = 12*0.5 !

Total TNH3 (BCKTNH3) Default: -999 * BCKTNH3 = 1., 1., 1., 1.1, 1.4, 1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 4*1. *

If a single value is entered, this is used for all 12 months. Month 1 is JANUARY, Month 12 is DECEMBER.

!END!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 2 -- Species Processing Information

--------------

------------- Subgroup (2a)

-------------
The following NSPECINP species will be processed:

! ASPECI = SO2 ! !END! ! ASPECI = SO4 ! !END! ! ASPECI = NOX ! !END! ! ASPECI = HNO3 ! !END! ! ASPECI = NO3 ! !END! ! ASPECI = POC081 ! !END! ! ASPECI = POC056 ! !END! ! ASPECI = POC030 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PIC081 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PIC056 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMC800 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMC425 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMF187 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMF112 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMF081 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMF056 ! !END! ! ASPECI = PMF030 ! !END! Page 5OCFRBGAUT01.inp ! ASPECI = EC056 ! !END! ! ASPECI = EC030 ! !END!

------------- Subgroup (2b)

-------------
The following NSPECOUT species will be written:

! ASPECO = SO2 ! !END! ! ASPECO = SO4 ! !END! ! ASPECO = NOX ! !END! ! ASPECO = HNO3 ! !END! ! ASPECO = NO3 ! !END! ! ASPECO = EC ! !END! ! ASPECO = SOIL ! !END! ! ASPECO = SOA ! !END! ! ASPECO = PMC ! !END!

------------- Subgroup (2c)

-------------
The following NSPECCMP species will be computed by scaling and summing one or more of the processed input species. Identify the name(s) of the computed species and provide the scaling factors for each of the NSPECINP input species (NSPECCMP groups of NSPECINP+1 lines each):

! CSPECCMP = EC ! ! EC056 = 1.0000 ! ! EC030 = 1.0000 ! !END!

! CSPECCMP = SOIL ! ! PMF187 = 1.0000 ! ! PMF112 = 1.0000 ! ! PMF081 = 1.0000 ! ! PMF056 = 1.0000 ! ! PMF030 = 1.0000 ! ! PIC081 = 1.0000 ! ! PIC056 = 1.0000 ! !END!

! CSPECCMP = SOA ! ! POC081 = 1.0000 ! ! POC056 = 1.0000 ! ! POC030 = 1.0000 ! !END!

! CSPECCMP = PMC ! ! PMC800 = 1.0000 ! ! PMC425 = 1.0000 ! !END!

------------- Subgroup (2d)

-------------
Each species in NSCALED CALPUFF data files may be scaled before being processed (e.g., to change the emission rate for all sources modeled in the run that produced a data file). For each file, identify the Page 6OCFRBGAUT01.inp file name and then provide the name(s) of the scaled species and the corresponding scaling factors (A,B where x' = Ax+B).

A(Default=1.0) B(Default=0.0)

-------------- --------------

Page 7

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## SAMPLE CALPOST INPUT FILE

OCFBGAVANCO01.INP
12-KM SCREENING A NALYSIS YEAR 2001
COHUTTA ANNUAL AVERAG E NATURAL BACKGROUNDOCFRBGAVANCO01.inp OC FAIRBURN GEORGIA BART APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS - 2001 COHUTTA VISTAS ANNUAL AVERAGE NATURAL BACKGROUND ---------------- Run title (3 lines) ------------------------------------------

CALPOST MODEL CONTROL FILE

--------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 0 -- Input and Output File Names

--------------
Input Files

-----------

File Default File Name

---- ----------------- Conc/Dep Flux File MODEL.DAT ! MODDAT =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGAUT01.con ! Relative Humidity File VISB.DAT * VISDAT = * Background Data File BACK.DAT * BACKDAT = * Transmissometer or VSRN.DAT * VSRDAT = * Nephelometer Data File or DATSAV Weather Data File or Prognostic Weather File

Output Files

------------

File Default File Name

---- ----------------- List File CALPOST.LST ! PSTLST =T:\BART\OCFRBGA\12KM\OCFRBGAVANCO01.lst !

Pathname for Timeseries Files (blank) * TSPATH = * (activate with exclamation points only if providing NON-BLANK character string)

Pathname for Plot Files (blank) * PLPATH = * (activate with exclamation points only if providing NON-BLANK character string)

User Character String (U) to augment default filenames (activate with exclamation points only if providing NON-BLANK character string)

Timeseries TSERIES_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TSUNAM.DAT Peak Value PEAKVAL_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TSUNAM.DAT

* TSUNAM = *

Top Nth Rank Plot RANK(ALL)_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TUNAM.DAT or RANK(ii)_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TUNAM.GRD

* TUNAM = *

Exceedance Plot EXCEED_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_XUNAM.DAT or EXCEED_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_XUNAM.GRD

* XUNAM = *

Echo Plot Page 1OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp (Specific Days) yyyy_Mmm_Ddd_hh00(UTCszzzz)_L00_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC.DAT or yyyy_Mmm_Ddd_hh00(UTCszzzz)_L00_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC.GRD

Visibility Plot DAILY_VISIB_VUNAM.DAT * VUNAM = * (Daily Peak Summary)

Auxiliary Output Files

----------------------

File Default File Name

---- ----------------- Visibility Change DELVIS.DAT * DVISDAT = *

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All file names will be converted to lower case if LCFILES = T Otherwise, if LCFILES = F, file names will be converted to UPPER CASE T = lower case ! LCFILES = T ! F = UPPER CASE NOTE: (1) file/path names can be up to 132 characters in length NOTE: (2) Filenames for ALL PLOT and TIMESERIES FILES are constructed using a template that includes a pathname, user-supplied character(s), and context-specific strings, where ASPEC = Species Name CONC = CONC Or WFLX Or DFLX Or TFLX tt = Averaging Period (e.g. 03) ii = Rank (e.g. 02) hh = Hour(ending) in LST szzzz = Base time zone shift from UTC (EST is -0500) yyyy = Year(LST) mm = Month(LST) dd = day of month (LST) are determined internally based on selections made below. If a path or user-supplied character(s) are supplied, each must contain at least 1 non-blank character.

!END!

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 1 -- General run control parameters

--------------
Option to run all periods found in the met. file(s) (METRUN) Default: 0 ! METRUN = 1 !

METRUN = 0 - Run period explicitly defined below METRUN = 1 - Run all periods in CALPUFF data file(s)

Starting date: Year (ISYR) -- No default ! ISYR = 2001 ! (used only if Month (ISMO) -- No default ! ISMO = 0 ! METRUN = 0) Day (ISDY) -- No default ! ISDY = 0 ! Hour (ISHR) -- No default ! ISHR = 0 !

Number of hours to process (NHRS) -- No default ! NHRS = 8760 !

Process every hour of data?(NREP) -- Default: 1 ! NREP = 1 ! (1 = every hour processed, 2 = every 2nd hour processed, 5 = every 5th hour processed, etc.)

Page 2OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp Species & Concentration/Deposition Information

---------------------------------------------- Species to process (ASPEC) -- No default ! ASPEC = VISIB ! (ASPEC = VISIB for visibility processing)

Layer/deposition code (ILAYER) -- Default: 1 ! ILAYER = 1 ! '1' for CALPUFF concentrations, '-1' for dry deposition fluxes, '-2' for wet deposition fluxes, '-3' for wet+dry deposition fluxes.

Scaling factors of the form: -- Defaults: ! A = 0.0 ! X(new) = X(old) * A + B A = 0.0 ! B = 0.0 ! (NOT applied if A = B = 0.0) B = 0.0

Add Hourly Background Concentrations/Fluxes? (LBACK) -- Default: F ! LBACK = F !

Source information

------------------
Option to process source contributions: 0 = Process only total reported contributions 1 = Sum all individual source contributions and process 2 = Run in TRACEBACK mode to identify source contributions at a SINGLE receptor (MSOURCE) -- Default: 0 ! MSOURCE = 0 !

Receptor information

-------------------- Gridded receptors processed? (LG) -- Default: F ! LG = F ! Discrete receptors processed? (LD) -- Default: F ! LD = T ! CTSG Complex terrain receptors processed? (LCT) -- Default: F ! LCT = F !

--Report results by DISCRETE receptor RING? (only used when LD = T) (LDRING) -- Default: F ! LDRING = F !

--Select range of DISCRETE receptors (only used when LD = T):

Select ALL DISCRETE receptors by setting NDRECP flag to -1; OR Select SPECIFIC DISCRETE receptors by entering a flag (0,1) for each 0 = discrete receptor not processed 1 = discrete receptor processed using repeated value notation to select blocks of receptors: 23*1, 15*0, 12*1 Flag for all receptors after the last one assigned is set to 0 (NDRECP) -- Default: -1 ! NDRECP = 148*0, 101*0, 736*0, 220*1, 110*0 !

--Select range of GRIDDED receptors (only used when LG = T):

X index of LL corner (IBGRID) -- Default: -1 ! IBGRID = -1 ! (-1 OR 1 <= IBGRID <= NX)

Y index of LL corner (JBGRID) -- Default: -1 ! JBGRID = -1 ! (-1 OR 1 <= JBGRID <= NY)

X index of UR corner (IEGRID) -- Default: -1 ! IEGRID = -1 ! Page 3OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp (-1 OR 1 <= IEGRID <= NX)

Y index of UR corner (JEGRID) -- Default: -1 ! JEGRID = -1 ! (-1 OR 1 <= JEGRID <= NY)

Note: Entire grid is processed if IBGRID=JBGRID=IEGRID=JEGRID=-1

--Specific gridded receptors can also be excluded from CALPOST processing by filling a processing grid array with 0s and 1s. If the processing flag for receptor index (i,j) is 1 (ON), that receptor will be processed if it lies within the range delineated by IBGRID, JBGRID,IEGRID,JEGRID and if LG=T. If it is 0 (OFF), it will not be processed in the run. By default, all array values are set to 1 (ON).

Number of gridded receptor rows provided in Subgroup (1a) to identify specific gridded receptors to process (NGONOFF) -- Default: 0 ! NGONOFF = 0 !

!END!

-------------- Subgroup (1a) -- Specific gridded receptors included/excluded

--------------
Specific gridded receptors are excluded from CALPOST processing by filling a processing grid array with 0s and 1s. A total of NGONOFF lines are read here. Each line corresponds to one 'row' in the sampling grid, starting with the NORTHERNMOST row that contains receptors that you wish to exclude, and finishing with row 1 to the SOUTH (no intervening rows may be skipped). Within a row, each receptor position is assigned either a 0 or 1, starting with the westernmost receptor. 0 = gridded receptor not processed 1 = gridded receptor processed

Repeated value notation may be used to select blocks of receptors: 23*1, 15*0, 12*1

Because all values are initially set to 1, any receptors north of the first row entered, or east of the last value provided in a row, remain ON.

(NGXRECP) -- Default: 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INPUT GROUP: 2 -- Visibility Parameters (ASPEC = VISIB)

--------------
Identify the Base Time Zone for the CALPUFF simulation (BTZONE) -- No default ! BTZONE = 5.0 !

Particle growth curve f(RH) for hygroscopic species (MFRH) -- Default: 2 ! MFRH = 3 !

1 = IWAQM (1998) f(RH) curve (originally used with MVISBK=1) 2 = FLAG (2000) f(RH) tabulation 3 = EPA (2003) f(RH) tabulation

Maximum relative humidity (%) used in particle growth curve Page 4OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp (RHMAX) -- Default: 98 ! RHMAX = 98.0 !

Modeled species to be included in computing the light extinction Include SULFATE? (LVSO4) -- Default: T ! LVSO4 = T ! Include NITRATE? (LVNO3) -- Default: T ! LVNO3 = T ! Include ORGANIC CARBON? (LVOC) -- Default: T ! LVOC = T ! Include COARSE PARTICLES? (LVPMC) -- Default: T ! LVPMC = T ! Include FINE PARTICLES? (LVPMF) -- Default: T ! LVPMF = T ! Include ELEMENTAL CARBON? (LVEC) -- Default: T ! LVEC = T !

And, when ranking for TOP-N, TOP-50, and Exceedance tables, Include BACKGROUND? (LVBK) -- Default: T ! LVBK = T !

Species name used for particulates in MODEL.DAT file COARSE (SPECPMC) -- Default: PMC ! SPECPMC = PMC ! FINE (SPECPMF) -- Default: PMF ! SPECPMF = SOIL !

Extinction Efficiency (1/Mm per ug/m**3)

---------------------------------------- MODELED particulate species: PM COARSE (EEPMC) -- Default: 0.6 ! EEPMC = 0.6 ! PM FINE (EEPMF) -- Default: 1.0 ! EEPMF = 1.0 ! BACKGROUND particulate species: PM COARSE (EEPMCBK) -- Default: 0.6 ! EEPMCBK = 0.6 ! Other species: AMMONIUM SULFATE (EESO4) -- Default: 3.0 ! EESO4 = 3.0 ! AMMONIUM NITRATE (EENO3) -- Default: 3.0 ! EENO3 = 3.0 ! ORGANIC CARBON (EEOC) -- Default: 4.0 ! EEOC = 4.0 ! SOIL (EESOIL)-- Default: 1.0 ! EESOIL = 1.0 ! ELEMENTAL CARBON (EEEC) -- Default: 10. ! EEEC = 10.0 !

Background Extinction Computation

---------------------------------
Method used for the 24h-average of percent change of light extinction: Hourly ratio of source light extinction / background light extinction is averaged? (LAVER) -- Default: F ! LAVER = F !

Method used for background light extinction (MVISBK) -- Default: 2 ! MVISBK = 6 !

1 = Supply single light extinction and hygroscopic fraction - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to hygroscopic background and modeled sulfate and nitrate 2 = Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements (A) - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to observed and modeled sulfate and nitrate - F(RH) factor is capped at F(RHMAX) 3 = Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements (B) - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to observed and modeled sulfate and nitrate - Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX - Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptor-hours 4 = Read hourly transmissometer background extinction measurements - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and nitrate - Hour excluded if measurement invalid (missing, interference, or large RH) - Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX - Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptor-hours 5 = Read hourly nephelometer background extinction measurements - Rayleigh extinction value (BEXTRAY) added to measurement - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and nitrate Page 5OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp - Hour excluded if measurement invalid (missing, interference, or large RH) - Receptor-hour excluded if RH>RHMAX - Receptor-day excluded if fewer than 6 valid receptor-hours 6 = Compute extinction from speciated PM measurements - FLAG monthly RH adjustment factor applied to observed and modeled sulfate and nitrate 7 = Use observed weather or prognostic weather information for background extinction during weather events; otherwise, use Method 2 - Hourly F(RH) adjustment applied to modeled sulfate and nitrate - F(RH) factor is capped at F(RHMAX) - During observed weather events, compute Bext from visual range if using an observed weather data file, or - During prognostic weather events, use Bext from the prognostic weather file - Use Method 2 for hours without a weather event

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 1:

-------------------------------------- Background light extinction (1/Mm) (BEXTBK) -- No default ! BEXTBK = 0.0 ! Percentage of particles affected by relative humidity (RHFRAC) -- No default ! RHFRAC = 0.0 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 6:

-------------------------------------- Extinction coefficients for hygroscopic species (modeled and background) are computed using a monthly RH adjustment factor in place of an hourly RH factor (VISB.DAT file is NOT needed). Enter the 12 monthly factors here (RHFAC). Month 1 is January.

(RHFAC) -- No default ! RHFAC = 3.3, 3.1, 3.0, 2.8, 3.4, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.2, 3.8, 3.4, 3.5 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 7:

-------------------------------------- The weather data file (DATSAV abbreviated space-delimited) that is identified as VSRN.DAT may contain data for more than one station. Identify the stations that are needed in the order in which they will be used to obtain valid weather and visual range. The first station that contains valid data for an hour will be used. Enter up to MXWSTA (set in PARAMS file) integer station IDs of up to 6 digits each as variable IDWSTA, and enter the corresponding time zone for each, as variable TZONE (= UTC-LST).

A prognostic weather data file with Bext for weather events may be used in place of the observed weather file. Identify this as the VSRN.DAT file and use a station ID of IDWSTA = 999999, and TZONE = 0.

NOTE: TZONE identifies the time zone used in the dataset. The DATSAV abbreviated space-delimited data usually are prepared with UTC time rather than local time, so TZONE is typically set to zero.

(IDWSTA) -- No default ! IDWSTA = 999999 ! (TZONE) -- No default ! TZONE = 0.0 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 2,3,6,7:

-------------------------------------------- Background extinction coefficients are computed from monthly Page 6OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp CONCENTRATIONS of ammonium sulfate (BKSO4), ammonium nitrate (BKNO3), coarse particulates (BKPMC), organic carbon (BKOC), soil (BKSOIL), and elemental carbon (BKEC). Month 1 is January. (ug/m**3)

(BKSO4) -- No default ! BKSO4 = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 ! (BKNO3) -- No default ! BKNO3 = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 ! (BKPMC) -- No default ! BKPMC = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 ! (BKOC) -- No default ! BKOC = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 ! (BKSOIL) -- No default ! BKSOIL= 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38, 11.38 ! (BKEC) -- No default ! BKEC = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 !

Additional inputs used for MVISBK = 2,3,5,6,7:

---------------------------------------------- Extinction due to Rayleigh scattering is added (1/Mm) (BEXTRAY) -- Default: 10.0 ! BEXTRAY = 10.0 !

!END!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INPUT GROUP: 3 -- Output options

--------------

Documentation

-------------

Documentation records contained in the header of the CALPUFF output file may be written to the list file. Print documentation image? (LDOC) -- Default: F ! LDOC = F !

Output Units

------------ Units for All Output (IPRTU) -- Default: 1 ! IPRTU = 3 ! for for Concentration Deposition 1 = g/m**3 g/m**2/s 2 = mg/m**3 mg/m**2/s 3 = ug/m**3 ug/m**2/s 4 = ng/m**3 ng/m**2/s 5 = Odour Units

Visibility: extinction expressed in 1/Mega-meters (IPRTU is ignored)

Averaging time(s) reported

-------------------------- 1-hr averages (L1HR) -- Default: T ! L1HR = F !

3-hr averages (L3HR) -- Default: T ! L3HR = F ! Page 7OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp

24-hr averages (L24HR) -- Default: T ! L24HR = T !

Run-length averages (LRUNL) -- Default: T ! LRUNL = F !

User-specified averaging time in hours - results for an averaging time of NAVG hours are reported for NAVG greater than 0: (NAVG) -- Default: 0 ! NAVG = 0 !

Types of tabulations reported

------------------------------ 1) Visibility: daily visibility tabulations are always reported for the selected receptors when ASPEC = VISIB. In addition, any of the other tabulations listed below may be chosen to characterize the light extinction coefficients. [List file or Plot/Analysis File]

2) Top 50 table for each averaging time selected [List file only] (LT50) -- Default: T ! LT50 = F !

3) Top 'N' table for each averaging time selected [List file or Plot file] (LTOPN) -- Default: F ! LTOPN = T !

-- Number of 'Top-N' values at each receptor selected (NTOP must be <= 4) (NTOP) -- Default: 4 ! NTOP = 1 !

-- Specific ranks of 'Top-N' values reported (NTOP values must be entered) (ITOP(4) array) -- Default: ! ITOP = 1 ! 1,2,3,4

4) Threshold exceedance counts for each receptor and each averaging time selected [List file or Plot file] (LEXCD) -- Default: F ! LEXCD = F !

-- Identify the threshold for each averaging time by assigning a non-negative value (output units).

-- Default: -1.0 Threshold for 1-hr averages (THRESH1) ! THRESH1 = -1.0 ! Threshold for 3-hr averages (THRESH3) ! THRESH3 = -1.0 ! Threshold for 24-hr averages (THRESH24) ! THRESH24 = -1.0 ! Threshold for NAVG-hr averages (THRESHN) ! THRESHN = -1.0 !

-- Counts for the shortest averaging period selected can be tallied daily, and receptors that experience more than NCOUNT counts over any NDAY period will be reported. This type of exceedance violation output is triggered only if NDAY > 0.

Accumulation period(Days) (NDAY) -- Default: 0 ! NDAY = 0 ! Number of exceedances allowed Page 8OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp (NCOUNT) -- Default: 1 ! NCOUNT = 1 !

5) Selected day table(s)

Echo Option -- Many records are written each averaging period selected and output is grouped by day [List file or Plot file] (LECHO) -- Default: F ! LECHO = F !

Timeseries Option -- Averages at all selected receptors for each selected averaging period are written to timeseries files. Each file contains one averaging period, and all receptors are written to a single record each averaging time. [TSERIES_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TSUNAM.DAT files] (LTIME) -- Default: F ! LTIME = F !

Peak Value Option -- Averages at all selected receptors for each selected averaging period are screened and the peak value each period is written to timeseries files. Each file contains one averaging period. [PEAKVAL_ASPEC_ttHR_CONC_TSUNAM.DAT files] (LPEAK) -- Default: F ! LPEAK = F !

-- Days selected for output (IECHO(366)) -- Default: 366*0 ! IECHO = 366*0 ! (366 values must be entered)

Plot output options

-------------------
Plot files can be created for the Top-N, Exceedance, and Echo tables selected above. Two formats for these files are available, DATA and GRID. In the DATA format, results at all receptors are listed along with the receptor location [x,y,val1,val2,...]. In the GRID format, results at only gridded receptors are written, using a compact representation. The gridded values are written in rows (x varies), starting with the most southern row of the grid. The GRID format is given the .GRD extension, and includes headers compatible with the SURFER(R) plotting software.

A plotting and analysis file can also be created for the daily peak visibility summary output, in DATA format only.

Generate Plot file output in addition to writing tables to List file? (LPLT) -- Default: F ! LPLT = F !

Use GRID format rather than DATA format, when available? (LGRD) -- Default: F ! LGRD = F !

Auxiliary Output Files (for subsequent analyses)

------------------------------------------------
Visibility

A separate output file may be requested that contains the change in visibility at each selected receptor when ASPEC = VISIB. This file can be processed to construct visibility measures that are not available in CALPOST. Page 9OCFRBGAVANCO01.inp

Output file with the visibility change at each receptor? (MDVIS) -- Default: 0 ! MDVIS = 1 !

0 = Do Not create file 1 = Create file of DAILY (24 hour) Delta-Deciview 2 = Create file of DAILY (24 hour) Extinction Change (%) 3 = Create file of HOURLY Delta-Deciview 4 = Create file of HOURLY Extinction Change (%)

Additional Debug Output

-----------------------
Output selected information to List file for debugging? (LDEBUG) -- Default: F ! LDEBUG = F !

Output hourly extinction information to REPORT.HRV? (Visibility Method 7) (LVEXTHR) -- Default: F ! LVEXTHR = F !

!END!

Page 10

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## A PPENDIX 

## C

C OMPARATIVE 

### A NALYSIS FOR 

### E XPLICIT 

### CALPUFF M ODELING

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis Sample model processing files provided by the VISTAS Technical Contractor demonstrate modeling of a single point source using CALPUFF, POSTU TIL, and CALPOST to assess visibility change. 20


### The sample approach simulates actual emissi ons of each of three gaseous pollutants (SO 2 

### , SO 4 

### , and

NO X 

### ) and unit emissions (e.g., 1 g/s) of each of si x generic particle categories distinguished and designated by size: PM800, PM425, PM187, PM112, PM081, and PM056, to represent PM 6-10 

### , PM 2.5-6 

### , PM 1.25-2.5 

### , PM 1-1.25 

### , PM 0.625 

### - 1 

### , and PM 0.5-0.625 

### , respectively. Because unit emission rates were modeled from the single point source in the sample approach, actual emission rates were used in the POSTUTIL postprocessing step to combine PM types and sizes into light scattering groups by scaling the modeled concentrations up or down by the multip licative factor of the actual emission rate of each PM size category, which includes multiple types of PM (e.g., coarse filterable PM, fine filterable PM, organic condensable PM, inorganic condensable PM, and elemental carbon). The output concentration file from POSTUTIL was then inpu t to CALPOST to calculate visibility change attributable to emissions from the point source in the sample analysis.

The preceding approach is reasonable for modeling a single point source; however, for facilities with multiple emission point sources, the preceding appro ach is not appropriate. Specifically, for sources with multiple emission points that have different e xhaust characteristics (e.g., stack height, diameter, velocity, and temperature) and/or different emissions profiles of speciated PM, the use of unit emission rates is not appropriate since the CALPUFF output concentrations at particular receptors will not distinguish which source(s) contribute to the PM concentrations. Therefore, the POSTUTIL source profile technique cannot be applied. One alte rnative to this approach for sources with multiple emission points is to model each emission point individually in multiple CALPUFF runs using unit emission rates, then run POSTUTIL to assign the PM concentrations at each receptor for each modeled emission point to each species, fina lly running the CALSUM postprocessing utility to combine the impacts of all sources. This approach , though conceptually appropriate, is undesirable due to substantial additional computer runtime required to model and post-process each emission point individually.

As a computationally efficient alternative to the preceding approaches, the BART Applicability Analysis for OC’s Fairburn facility was conducte d by explicitly modeling in CALPUFF the actual emission rate of each of 14 particle species defined as described in Table C-1. The nomenclature used in Table C-1 is analogous to that used to describe the emissions from OC’s BART-eligible emission units in Section 2 of this report. While some differences within the PM subcategories is noted between this comparative analysis and those identified in Section 2, the principles behind the comparative analysis remain unchanged.

20 http://www.src.com/verio/download/sample_files.htm#EXAMPLE_BART

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis T ABLE 

### C-1. E XPLICIT 

### M ODELING OF 

### PM T YPES AND 

### S IZE 

### C ATEGORIES

Modeled PM Category Components

PMC800
PMC425 Filterable coarse particles divided between two size categories (PM 6-10 , PM 2.5-6 )

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056 Filterable fine particles divided among four size categories (PM 1.25-2.5 , PM 1-1.25 , PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 )

POC081
POC056 Primary condensable organic emissions divided between two size categories (PM 0.625-1 and PM 0.5-0.625 )

PIC081
PIC056 Primary condensable inorganic emissions divided between two size categories (PM 0.625-1 and PM 0.5-0.625 )

EC187
EC112
EC081
EC056 Primary elemental carbon emissions divided among four size categories (PM 1.25-2.5 , PM 1-1.25 , PM 0.625-1 , PM 0.5-0.625 )



### So that explicit modeling of the 14 particle species and sizes could be conducte d equivalently to the unit emissions approach, identical model processing options for each PM size category were enabled

as summarized in Table C-2.

T ABLE 

### C-2. R EPRESENTATION OF 

### E XPLICITLY 

### M ODELED 

### PM S IZE 

### C ATEGORIES 

### IN CALPUFF

Computed Geometric Mass Geometric Standa rd Precipitation Scav enging Coefficient

Model Species Deposition
Mode Mean Diameter (microns) Deviation (microns)* Liquid (s -1 ) Frozen (s -1 )

PMC800 Particle 8.0 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMC425 Particle 4.25 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF187
EC187 Particle 1.87 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF112
EC112 Particle 1.12 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF081
EC081
POC081
PIC081 Particle 0.81 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

PMF056
EC056
POC056
PIC056 Particle 0.56 0 1.0 x 10 -4 3.0 x 10 -5

* Zero geometric standard deviation indicates that CALPUFF u tilizes the deposition velocity associated with the geometric mass mean diameter.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis To post-process the CALPUFF output concentrati ons that result from explicitly modeled multiple emission points, POSTUTIL was used only to group modeled PM into light extinction groups. Unit scaling factors were used in POSTUTIL and ther e was no adjustment to the explicitly modeled emission rate. Table C-3 summarizes the POSTUTIL grouping of modeled PM species into light extinction groups, and the light extinction coeffi cient subsequently used in CALPOST to compute light extinction due to the multiple emission points at the source.

T ABLE 

### C-3. A SSIGNMENT OF 

### M ODELED 

### PM S PECIES TO 

### L IGHT 

### E XTINCTION 

### G ROUPS

Modeled Components CALPOST Light Extinction Group Extinction Coefficient (m 2 /g)

PMC800
PMC425 PMC 0.6

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056
PIC081
PIC056 SOIL 1

POC081
POC056 SOA 4

EC187
EC112
EC081
EC056 EC 10



### Implementation of the explicit modeling approach required minor changes to the parameter declaration file and re-compilation of the CALPUFF m odel executable file. Note that this approach does not require changes to the FORTRAN model code, only the parameter declaration limits. Explicit modeling of the 14 PM types and sizes plus the SO 2 

### , SO 4 

### , NO X 

### , HNO 3 

### , and NO 3 

### species results in a total of 19 modeled species, which is within the default parameter limit of 20 species modeled (MXSPEC). However, the parameter for particle species deposited (MXPDEP) was increased from 9 to 20 to accommodate the greater number (16, including SO 4 

### and NO 3 

### ) of particle species simulated in the model.

This modified approach follows conceptu ally the steps outlined in the revised 

### VISTAS BART Modeling Protocol as evidenced between comparisons between the two methods. Results using the explicit method for multiple emission points and th e sample method using a single point source with PM speciation (PMF, PMC, SOA, EC) applied during the POSTUTIL step provides equivalent results. The following example model input and outpu t files of a comparative analysis are presented to illustrate this approach. The comparative analysis was performed using emissions from a representative example BART-eligible facility located in South Carolina using the screening approach for the data year 2002 to compute visibility impact s at the Cape Romain NWR Class I area using the annual average natural background conditions.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis To demonstrate the equivalent performance of both models, the following four example point sources

listed in Table C-4 were modeled.

T ABLE 

### C-4. C OMPARATIVE 

### A NALYSIS 

### E MISSIONS 

### S OURCES

Emission Rates (g/s) Modeled PM Category Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Source 4

PMC800
PMC425 1.20 × 10 -3

2.50 × 10 -2 1.20 × 10 -1

3.70 × 10 -1 4.10 × 10 -2

2.60 × 10 -1 4.10 × 10 -2

2.60 × 10 -1

PMF187
PMF112
PMF081
PMF056 1.30 × 10 -1

7.00 × 10 -2

2.80 × 10 -1

6.20 × 10 -1 3.40 × 10 -1

1.60 × 10 -1

3.10 × 10 -1

5.60 × 10 -1 6.60 × 10 -1

3.30 × 10 -1

5.90 × 10 -1

1.40 6.60 × 10 -1

3.30 × 10 -1

5.90 × 10 -1

1.40

POC081
POC056 1.80 × 10 -3

1.80 × 10 -3 8.40 × 10 -1

8.40 × 10 -1 5.60 × 10 -2

5.60 × 10 -2 5.60 × 10 -2

5.60 × 10 -2

PIC081
PIC056 3.60 × 10 -2

3.60 × 10 -2 7.70
7.70 2.50 × 10 -1

2.50 × 10 -1 2.50 × 10 -1

2.50 × 10 -1

EC187
EC112
EC081
EC056 --

--

--

-- --

--

--

-- --

--

--

-- --

--

--

--



### The emissions rates listed in Table C-4 for all sources were modeled exp licitly using Trinity’s modified CALPUFF executable. Using the VISTAS Sample approach, unit PM emission rates were modeled for each individual source in a separate CALPUFF run and the scaling factors listed in Table C-5 were applied in POSTUTIL. Note that as described in Table C-3, emission rates for PMF and PIC are combined in this approach.

T ABLE 

### C-5. VISTAS S AMPLE 

### A NALYSIS 

### POSTUITL S CALING 

### F ACTORS

Emission Rates (g/s) Modeled PM Category Source 1 Source 2 Source 3 Source 4

CSPECCMP = EC
PM187
PM112
PM081
PM056 0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000 0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000 0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000 0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000

CSPECCMP = SOIL
PM187
PM112
PM081
PM056 0.13000
0.07000
0.31600
0.65600 0.34000
0.16000
8.01000
8.26000 0.66000
0.33000
0.84000
1.65000 0.66000
0.33000
0.84000
1.65000

CSPECCMP = SOA
PM081
PM056 0.00180
0.00180 0.84000
0.84000 0.05600
0.05600 0.05600
0.05600

CSPECCMP = PMC
PM800
PM425 0.00120
0.02500 0.12000
0.37000 0.04100
0.26000 0.04100
0.26000

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis VISTAS SAMPLE ANALYSES

1. MS-DOS BATCH RUN FILE RUNCPUFF1.BAT This MS-DOS batch file seque ntially runs the following an alyses to simulate unit PM emissions from four sources independently, a pply the actual emission rates using POSTUTIL, combine the files using the CALSUM utility to add the concentrations at each receptor due to each source, then finally run CALPOST to calculate the visibility impact.

2. CALPUFF INPUT FILE SOURCE “A” VISTAS02A.INP

3. CALPUFF INPUT FILE SOURCE “B” VISTAS02B.INP

4. CALPUFF INPUT FILE SOURCE “C” VISTAS02C.INP

5. CALPUFF INPUT FILE SOURCE “D” VISTAS02D.INP These CALPUFF input files were used to run the model for each source individually, with all PM emission rates modeled as 1.0 g/s. A total of 11 species are modeled. The standard

CALPUFFL.EXE CALPUFF executable file obtained from the VISTAS Technical Contractor was used to perform the analysis. The output of the CALPUFF runs

“VISTAS02 

### x .CON” are the concentration files that are input to POSTUTIL in the next step.

6. POSTUTIL INPUT FILE SOURCE “A” VISTASUT02A.INP

7. POSTUTIL INPUT FILE SOURCE “B” VISTASUT02B.INP

8. POSTUTIL INPUT FILE SOURCE “C” VISTASUT02C.INP

9. POSTUTIL INPUT FILE SOURCE “D” VISTASUT02D.INP The POSTUTIL input files were used to scale the PM concentrations modeled in CALPUFF by the actual emission rates of each PM species. The sum of PM species factors applied in POSTUTIL equals the total PM emission rate for the source (less contribution from primary sulfate emissions), and the speciated factor s represent those tabulated for each source in Section 2 of this report. Note that scaling of “SOIL” concentrations include contributions from emissions quantified as PIC and PMF as illustrated in Table C-3. A total of 9 species are output from POSTUTIL, including the computed species (EC, SOIL, SOA, PMC) integrated over the size categories in addition to the explicitly modeled species (SO2, SO4, NOX, HNO3, NO3). The output of the POSTUTIL runs “VISTASUT02 

### x .CON” are the grouped and scaled concentration files input to CALSUM in the next step.

10. CALSUM INPUT FILE VISTASSUM02.INP This CALSUM input file, after being copied in to the appropriate file name “CALSUM.INP” for compatibility with the CALSUM.exe runstrea m, adds the scaled concentrations of the 9 output species from POSTUTIL for each receptor and averaging period. The output of CALSUM in “VISTASUT02.CON”, which is subsequently passed to CALPOST.

11. CALPOST INPUT FILE VISTASVANCR02.INP This CALPOST file calculates the visibility im pacts due to concentrations reported in “VISTASUT02.CON” for the receptors representi ng Cape Romain using the annual average natural background conditions. The results of the analysis are written to the file

“VISTASVANCR02.LST”.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis TRINITY’S EXPLICIT ANALYSES

1. MS-DOS BATCH RUN FILE RUNCPUFF2.BAT This MS-DOS batch file sequen tially runs the following analyses to simulate actual emissions from four sources modeled in one CALPUFF run, combine the speciated PM size groups into output species using POSTUTIL, then finally run CALPOST to calculate the visibility impact.

2. CALPUFF INPUT FILE ALL SOURCES EXPLICIT02.INP This CALPUFF input file was used to run the model for all sources using actual PM emission rates speciated for type (e.g., PIC, PMF) and size distribution. A total of 19 species are modeled, including speciated size categories of all PM. The sum of PM species emission rates equals the total PM emission rate for the source (less contribution from primary sulfate emissions), and the speciated factors represent t hose tabulated for each source in Section 2 of this report. The output of the CALPUFF runs “EXPLICIT02.CON” is the concentration files that are input to POSTUTIL in the next step.

3. POSTUTIL INPUT FILE ALL SOURCES EXPLICITUT02.INP The POSTUTIL input file was used only to co mbine, not scale, the PM concentrations modeled in CALPUFF. A total of 9 species are output from POSTUTIL, including the computed species (EC, SOIL, SOA, PMC) integr ated over the size categories in addition to the explicitly modeled species (SO2, SO4, NOX, HNO3, NO3). The output of the

POSTUTIL runs “EXPLICITUT02.CON” are th e grouped concentration files input to CALSUM in the next step.

4. CALPOST INPUT FILE EXPLICITVANCR02.INP This CALPOST file calculates the visibility im pacts due to concentrations reported in “EXPLICITUT02.CON” for the receptors representing Cape Romain using the annual average natural background conditions. The resu lts of the analysis are written to the file

“EXPLICITVANCR02.LST”.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OUTPUT FILES

The output files from the VISTAS Sample and Tr inity’s explicit analyses follow and indicate equivalent results. The primary benefit of this approach is time savings from running CALPUFF and subsequent postprocessors once (albeit for a great er number of sources) than one time for each source. Table C-6 compares computer runtime for these methods on Pentium-4 class desktop computers. The differences in computer processi ng runtime are appreciable when integrated over

numerous runs for facilities with multiple emissions sources.

T ABLE 

### C-6. C OMPARISON OF 

### C OMPUTER 

### R UNTIME USING 

### S AMPLE AND 

### E XPLICIT 

### A PPROACHES

Processing Step VISTAS Sample Analysis Runtime (minutes) Trinity’s Explicit Analysis Runtime (minutes)

CALPUFF 170 105

POSTUTIL 2 < 1

CALSUM < 1 --

CALPOST < 1 < 1

Total Time 2 hours, 54 minutes 1 hour, 47 minutes



### The computer modeling executable, input, and out put files for the comparative analysis are provided for review on the electronic media included with this BART Applicability Analysis report. Each analysis is contained within a separate folder (i.e., “VISTAS” and “EXPLICIT”, respectively) that includes the CALPUFF m odel executable file. The “PARAMS.PUF” parameter declaration file is also included to de monstrate how Trinity modified the parameters to accommodate the explicit modeling appro ach as described in this appendix.

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis 

## A PPENDIX 

## D

E LECTRONIC 

### M EDIA 

### D ATA 

### F ILE 

### I NDEX

### OC Fairburn Trinity Consultants BART Applicability Modeling Analysis Electronic media enclosed with this report contain the input and output files from all CALPUFF, POSUTIL, and CALPOST processing for the screening analyses, as well as the comparative analyses presented in Appendix C. Each analysis is contai ned within its own appropriately name compressed file, which includes model executable files and batch f iles to manage the runstream. A consistent file naming convention is used throughout, with the fo llowing general structure. All filenames contain the OCFRBGA root to denote OC – Fairburn, Georgia. Note that screening meteorological data files are not provided due to file size. Note also that pa th names in input files will need to be modified to represent the user’s directory struct ure when replicating these analyses.

CALPUFF Runstream Files

OCFRBGA 

### yy

. 

### fff

yy = 01

, 02 , and 03 denotes data analysis years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively 

### fff = inp denotes input files 

### fff = lst denotes CALPUFF output summary files 

### fff = con denotes CALPUFF output concentration files

Ozone Data Files

OZONE20 

### yy DOM4. 

### dat

yy = 01

, 02 , and 03 denotes data analysis years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively

Screening Analyses POSTUTIL Processing Files

OCFRBGAUT 

### yy.fff

yy = 01

, 02 , and 03 denotes data analysis years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively 

### fff = inp denotes input files 

### fff = lst denotes POSTUTIL output summary files 

### fff = con denotes POSTUTIL output concentration files

CALPOST Runstream Files

OCFRBGAVAN 

### aayy

. 

### fff

yy = 01

, 02 , and 03 denotes data analysis years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively 

### fff = inp denotes input files 

### fff = lst denotes CALPOST output summary files



### aa denotes the Class I areas considered in the analyses:

CO = Cohutta Wilderness Area GS = Great Smoky Mountains National Park JK = Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness Area SR = Shining Rock Wilderness Area SI = Sipsey Wilderness Area