5C -i APPENDIX 5C. MANUFACTURER INTERVIEW GUIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPENDIX 5C. MANUFACTURER INTERVIEW GUIDE................................ .............................. 5C-i

5C.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5C-1

5C.2 EPS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS INTERVIEW GUIDE ................................ ................ 5C-1

5C.3 BC ENGINEERING ANALYSIS INTERVIEW GUIDE ................................ ................. 5C-8

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 5C.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY REPRESENTATIVE UNITS

................................................................................................ ............................................................... 5C-2

TABLE 5C.2 CANDIDATE STANDARD LEVELS OF EFFICIENCY FOR REPRESENTATIVE

UNIT EPSS ................................................................

........................................................................... 5C-2

TABLE 5C.3 EPS REP. UNIT 1 ................................

.......................................................................... 5C-4

TABLE 5C.4 EPS REP. UNIT 2 ................................

.......................................................................... 5C-5

TABLE 5C.5 EPS REP. UNIT 3 ................................

.......................................................................... 5C-6

TABLE 5C.6 EPS REP. UNIT 4 ................................

.......................................................................... 5C-7

TABLE 5C.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF BATTERY CHARGER REPRESENTATIVE UNITS ...... 5C-9

TABLE 5C.8 EFFICIENCY LEVELS OF EFFICIENCY FOR BATTERY CHARGER

REPRESENTATIVE UNITS ............................................................................................................. 5C-10

TABLE 5C.9 DAILY USAGE ASSUMPTIONS FOR EACH REPRESENTATIVE UNIT ............ 5C-11

TABLE 5C.10 BC REP. UNIT 1 ................................

........................................................................ 5C-13

TABLE 5C.11 BC REP. UNIT 2 ................................

........................................................................ 5C-14

TABLE 5C.12 BC REP. UNIT 4 ................................

........................................................................ 5C-15

TABLE 5C.13 BC REP. UNIT 5 ................................

........................................................................ 5C-16

TABLE 5C.14 BC REP. UNIT 7 ................................

........................................................................ 5C-17

TABLE 5C.15 BC REP. UNIT 10 ................................

...................................................................... 5C-185C -1

5C.1 INTRODUCTION

Prior to conducting manufacturer interviews, Navigant Consulting gave each manufacturer an interview guide that included possible questions to be asked during the interview. Section 5C.1 presents the guide used for EPS interviews and section 5C.3 presents the guide used for battery charger

interviews.

5C.2 EPS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS INTERVIEW GUIDE

Engineering Analysis

On behalf of DOE, NCI is developing an engineering analysis to understand the relationship between manufacturers’ cost and the efficiency 1 of external power supplies (EPSs). DOE would like to understand the incremental costs of reducing EPS energy consumption by understanding the design options involved in efficiency improvements. This section includes questions addressing this engineering analysis.

1. What are the highest volume products that you sell? Please include output voltage, output power, and application.

2. Please provide a list of any additional applications for which you sell EPSs or EPS components.

3. Are there any specific design concerns unique to certain applications?

4. What are the typical mark ups from the EPS bill of materials (BOM) to the final consumer purchase price?

5. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is required to set no-load and active mode energy efficiency standards for external power supplies. Is there a correlation between no-load power and active mode power efficiency? If not, can the two be optimized separately?

6. What are your design options (e.g. Schottky diodes, improved components, better core material) for improving active mode efficiencies and no-load power consumption?

We have identified four “representative units” (Table 1) as high volume units for our analysis. Fo r each representative unit, DOE intends to establish a unit with baseline efficiency (EISA 2007) and three units with higher efficiency levels (ENERGY STAR 2.0, Best in Market, Maximum Technologically Feasible).

1 “Efficiency” is used in this worksheet as a proxy for both conversion efficiency and no -load power.5C -2

Table 5C.1 Characteristics of External Power Supply Representative Units

Rep.

Unit Output

Power
[watts] Output

Voltage [volts] Annual Production

Volume (Units / Year) Example Applications

1 2.5 5 1,000,000 Mobile Phone, Cordless Phone

2 18 12 1,000,000 Modem, Portable D VD player

3 60 15 2,000,000 Laptop Computer, MP3 Speaker Dock

4 120 19 1,000,000 Laptop Computer

We identified pairings of no-load power and efficiency in the market that would meet the first three efficiency levels provided in Table 2. For each representative unit, presented in Tables 3-6, describe the discrete design steps you would undertake to achieve the level of average efficiency and no-load mode power consumption specified. If you cannot provide information on the exact pairings specified, please provide the characteristics (e.g. output power, output voltage, and applications) for models for which you can provide information.

In each case, start with a power supply with baseline efficiency (CSL #0) that narrowly meets Federal efficiency requirements specified by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007). Next, please list the necessary design changes to enable it to meet the higher efficiency levels. For each design change, also provide an estimate of your incremental production cost over the baseline, as well as the total unit selling price to an OEM or distributor. Please describe how you apply markups to your production costs in order to arrive at that selling price.

For CSL #3, please provide necessary steps to des ign a maximum technologically feasible (“max tech”) efficient power supply, using the best available technology, regardless of cost. Please describe the discrete design steps as well as the incremental production cost over the baseline. Please also provide the total unit selling price to an OEM or distributor.

Table 5C.2 Candidate Standard Levels of Efficiency for Representative Unit EPSs
Candidate Standard Level Efficiency Requirements by Representative Unit

CSL

# Description 2.5 watt 18 watt 60 watt 120 watt

Eff
[%] P no_load [mW] Eff

[%] P no_load [mW] Eff

[%] P no_load [mW] Eff

[%] P no_load [mW]

0 EISA 2007 58% 500 76% 500 85% 500 85% 500

1 ENERGY STAR

2.0 63% 300 80% 300 87% 500 87% 500

2 Best in Market 65% 150 85% 1 00 88% 73 89% 340

3 Maximum Technologically

Feasible - - - - - - - -5C -3

We recognize that detailed designs may be difficult to prepare; therefore, in the interests of generating reasonable results in a short space of time, we invite you to use your best judgment and experience when completing the following tables.

Please use the following design specifications:

EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

Input voltage: 90

- 240 volts AC,

50

- 60 Hz Transient response: 0.5 ms for 50% load change typical

Input protection: Pri mary current fuse,

inrush current limiting Output protection: Overcurrent protection,

short

- circuit protection

Output voltage regulation: ± 1% (excluding cord) Package: Sealed polycarbonate

Output voltage ripple: 2

- 3% V P

- P maximum Output Cord Length: 1.6 6 m

Indicator light: No indicator light5C -4

Table 5C.3 EPS Rep. Unit 1

Rep.

Unit Output

Power [watts] Output

Voltage [volts] Annual Production

Volume (Units / Year) Example Applications

1 2.5 5 1,000,000 Mobile Phone, Cordless Phone

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency 2 No

Load

Power Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr.

Production

Cost Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

0 Baseline:

EISA 2007 58% 500 mW

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

E fficiency No

Load

Power Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental

Cost (over Baseline) per Improvement Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

1 ENERGY

STAR 2.0 63% 300 mW

2 Best in Market 65% 150 mW

3 Maximum Technologically

Feasible

2 Conversion efficiency, as defined by DOE, ENERGY STAR, and CEC test procedures, is the arithmetic mean of efficiencies at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of maximum rated output current.5C -5

Table 5C.4 EPS Rep. Unit 2

Rep.

Unit Output

Power
[watts] Output

Voltage [volts] Annual Production

Volume (Units / Year) Example Applications

2 18 1 2 1,000,000 Modem, Portable DVD player

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency 3 No

Load

Power Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr.

Production

Cost Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

0 Baseline:

EISA 2007 76 % 500 mW

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency No

Load

Power Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental

Cost (over Baseline) per Improvement Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

1 ENERGY

STAR 2.0 80% 300 mW

2 Best in Market 85% 100 mW

3 Maximum Technologically

Feasible

3 Conversion efficiency, as defined by DOE, ENERGY STAR, and CEC test procedures, is the arithmetic mean of efficiencies at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of maximum rated output current.5C -6

Table 5C.5 EPS Rep. Unit 3

Rep.

Unit Output

Power
[watts] Output

Voltage [volts] Annual Production

Volume (Units / Year) Example Applications

3 60 15 2,000,000 Laptop Computer, MP3 Speaker Dock

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency 4 No

Load

Power Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr.

Production

Cost Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

0 Baseline:

EISA 2007 85% 500 mW

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency No

Load

Power Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental

Cost (over Baseline) per Improvement Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

1 ENERGY

STAR 2.0 87% 500 mW

2 Best in Market 88% 73 mW

3 Maximum Technologically

Feasible

4 Conversion efficiency, as defined by DOE, ENERGY STAR, and CEC test procedures, is the arithmetic mean of efficiencies at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of maximum rated output current.5C -7

Table 5C.6 EPS Rep. Unit 4

Rep.

Unit Output

Power
[watts] Output

Voltage [vol ts] Annual Production

Volume (Units / Year) Example Applications

4 120 19 1,000,000 Laptop Computer

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency 5 No

Load

Power Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr.

Production

Cost Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

0 Baseline:

E ISA 2007 85% 500 mW

# Efficiency

Level Conversion

Efficiency No

Load

Power Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental

Cost (over Baseline) per Improvement Total Mfr.

Production

Cost

1 ENER GY

STAR 2.0 87% 500 mW

2 Best in Market 89% 340 mW

3 Maximum Technologically

Feasible

5 Conversion efficiency, as defined by DOE, ENERGY STAR, and CEC test procedures, is the arithmetic mean of efficiencies at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of maximum rated output current.5C -8

5C.3 BC ENGINEERING ANALYSIS INTERVIEW GUIDE

Engineering Analysis

On behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Navigant Consulting is developing an engineering analysis to understand the relationship between manufacturers’ cost and the energy consumption of battery chargers (BCs). DOE would like to understand the incremental costs of reducing BC energy consumption by understanding the design options involved in efficiency improvements. This section includes questions addressing this engineering analysis.

1. Please provide a list of BC end-use product applications which you sell or for which you sell

components.

2. Please provide estimates of the typical consumer usage patterns of those end-use products, if

available.

3. What are the highest volume products that you sell? Please include output voltage, output power, and application.

4. What are the typical mark ups from the BC bill of materials (BOM) to the final consumer purchase price?

5. How should DOE approach BCs for applications that provide additional functionality that is typically never turned off, thereby increasing apparent BC energy consumption, e.g. , cordless telephone answering machines?

6. How can DOE extrapolate from the analysis of BCs for high-volume consumer applications such as notebook computers, power tools, and cordless telephones to specialized, lower-volume applications such as:

o Inductively-charged toothbrushes;

o Uninterruptible power supplies;

o DC -input products such as portable media players or in-car satellite navigation systems?

7. Are there any other BC design concerns unique to certain applications?

8. What are your design options (e.g. Schottky diodes, improved components, maintenance strategies) for improving BC energy consumption in:

o Active or charge mode;

o Maintenance mode; and

o No -battery or standby mode?

9. Also, what is the available range of performance in each of the above modes for BCs with which you have experience?

10. What is the relationship between BC energy consumption in the above modes?5C -9

11. Since it is impossible to directly evaluate every potential BC, how should DOE model the impact of small variations in battery voltage and capacity on the efficiency of a particular BC design?

12. How would your approach to decreasing the energy consumption of BCs change if presented

with:

o A single standard specifying annual energy consumption given a typical usage; versus

o Separate standards specifying input power or energy consumption in each mode?

Because of the wide variety of applications that use battery chargers, DOE has decided to focus its analysis on several “representative units” as high volume units for its analysis. The typical battery characteristics and production volume of each representative unit are presented in Table 1.

Table 5C.7 Characteristics of Battery Charger Representative Units

Rep.

Unit # Product

Class Battery

Voltage

V Battery Energy

Wh Annual

Production

Volume

K units Lifespan

Production

Volume

K units Typical Applications

1 Low Energy,

Inductive 1.2 0.8 1,000 2,000 Toothbrushes

2 Low Energy, Low Voltage 3.6 3 1,000 2,000 Telephones

3 Low Energy, Med. Voltage Not gathering data at this time

4 Low Energy, High Voltage 10.8 20 1,000 2,000 Notebook Computers,

Power Tools

5 Med. Energy, Low Voltage 12 800 10 50 Marine Chargers,

Wheelchairs

6 Med. Energy, High Voltage Not gathering data at this time

7 High Energy 48 3750 10 50 Go lf Carts

8 Low Energy, 5V DC Input Not gathering data at this time

9 Low Energy, 12V DC Input Not gathering data at this time

10 Low Energy, AC Output 12 70 100 500 Uninterruptible Power Supplies

For each representative unit, DOE intends to evaluate the impacts of standards equal to the efficiency of baseline units and three additional units (where available) with higher efficiency levels:

o Intermediate,

o Best- in -Market, and

o Maximum Technologically Feasible.

Navigant Consulting based the Baseline, Improved, and Best- in -Market levels on BC products currently available in the market. There are no products with the Maximum Technologically Feasible efficiency in5C

- 10

the market. For BCs at each of these efficiency levels, we measured the energy consumption in active, maintenance, and no-battery modes, and then calculated the energy consumption based on the typical usage of common applications that use batteries charged by these BCs. This information is listed in

Table 2.

Table 5C.8 Efficiency Levels of Efficiency for Battery Charger Representative Units Annual Energy Consumption by Representative Unit

kWh

Low Energy,

Inductive Low

Energy,

Low Voltage Low

Energy, High Voltage Med.

Energy,

Low Voltage High

Energy Low

Energy,

AC

Out put

# Efficiency Level 1.2 V,

0.8 Wh 3.6 V,

3 Wh 10.8 V,

20 Wh 12 V,

800 Wh 48 V,

3750 Wh 12 V,

70 Wh

0 Baseline 7.8 15.2 39.0 292.9

– 65.0

1 Improved

– 6.3 10.7

– 912.7 19.5

2 Best

- in

- Market 5.9 1.5 3.6 210.0

– 6.4

3 Maximum Technologically

Fea sible ? ? ? ? ? ?

For each representative unit, presented in Tables 4

– 6 on the following pages, please describe the discrete design steps you would undertake to achieve the level of energy consumption specified. The test data for the BCs that Navigant Consulting tested is also presented as an example of an acceptable design; however, please do not hesitate to trade off performance in one mode against that in another when attempting to meet the annual energy consumption specified for each CSL.

The energy consumption is calculated by multiplying the efficiency or input power in each mode by the number of hours per week spent in the mode. The resulting energy consumption is then annualized. Please use the equation below, when calculating annual energy consumption. Table 3 shows the usage assumptions for each representative unit.5C

- 11

Table 5C.9 Daily Usage Assumptions for Each Representative Unit Time Per Day Spent in Each Mode*

Representative Unit Classes

an d Example Applications Charges [daily] Active

[hr/day] Maintenance

[hr/day] No

Battery [hr/day] Off

[hr/day] Unplugged

[hr/day] Total

[hr/day] Low Energy, Inductive 0.01 0.2 23.7 0.02

- - 24

T oothbrushes 0.2 23.7 0.02

- - 24 Low Energy, Low Voltage 0.8 2.7 11.2 1.4

- 8.7 24 Phones/Answering

Devices 8.4 13.49 2.2

- - 24

E

- Books 0.8 5.2

- - 18.0 24 Mobile phones 0.7 7.2 4. 6

- 11.5 24 MP3 Speaker Docks 0.9 22.9 0.3

- - 24

Portable Video Game Systems (PSP) 2.7 7.3

- - 14.0 24

Low Energy, High Voltage 0.2 1.0 16.5 3.0 0.2 3.3 24

Handheld V acuums 0. 9 22. 9 0. 3

- - 24

Trimmers/Weed

T rimmers 0. 5 11.5 3.1

- 8. 9 24

Robotic V acuums 0 .9 22. 9 0. 3

- - 24

Stick V acuums 0. 9 22. 9 0. 3

- - 24

Handheld Printer 2.4 10. 6 8.4

- 2.6 24

Notebook C ompute rs 1.0 13.4 7.2

- 2.4 24

Professional Power

T ools 0. 5 11.5 1. 6 1. 6 8. 9 24

Med Energy, Low Voltage 0.5 4.4 8.5 7.0 2.8 1.3 24

Electric Wheelchairs/

Scooters 8.6 6.7 8.4

- 0.2 24

Marine Battery C harger 0.2 10. 2 5. 6 5. 6 2.4 24 High Energy 1.6 13.9 3. 1 2.8 2.8 1.4 24

Golf Carts 13.9 3.1 2.8 2.8 1.4 24 Low Energy, AC Output

- - 24.0

- - - 24 Uninterruptible Power Supplies - 24.0

- - - 24

*Mode Definitions

Active: The charger is charging a depleted battery, equalizing it cells, or performing functions necessary for bringing the battery to the fully charged state.

Maintenance: The batteries have reached full charge; intended to maintain the fully charged state of the battery, while protecting it from overcharge.

No -Battery: The battery is removed from the charger following a full charge. The charger (or a part) remains connected to

mains.

Off: The charger remains connected to mains, the battery is removed, and all manual on-off switches are turned off.

Unplugged: The charger is disconnected from mains entirely.5C

- 12

Please only focus on the representative units with which your company has experience, since not all may be applicable. In each case, start with a BC with baseline energy consumption, comparable to that presented and representing the least efficient BCs in the market. Next, please list the necessary design changes to enable it to meet the higher efficiency levels. For each design change, also provide an estimate of incremental production cost over the baseline, as well as the total unit selling price to a mass-market retailer or distributor. Please describe how you apply markups to your production costs in order to arrive at each selling price.

For the maximum technologically feasible (“max

- tech”) level, please provide necessary ste ps to design a BC with the minimum possible energy consumption, using the best available technology and regardless of cost. Please describe the discrete design steps as well as the incremental production cost over the baseline. Please also provide the total unit selling price to a mass-market retailer or distributor.

We recognize that detailed designs may be difficult to prepare; therefore, in the interests of generating reasonable results in a short span of time, we invite you to use your best judgment and experience when completing the following tables.5H

- 13

Table 5C. 10 BC Rep. Unit 1 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical

Applic ations

1 Low Energy,

Inductive 1.2 0.8 1,000 2,000 Toothbrushes

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency 6

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example No

Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Producti on Cost Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline 7.8 8% 0.9 0.6

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example No

Battery

Mode Power

W Im provements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental Cost

(over Baseline) per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved

2 Best

- in

Market 5.9 8% 0.7 0.5

3 Max

- Tech

6 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode.5H

- 14

Table 5C. 11 BC Rep. Unit 2 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical

Applications

2 Low Energy,

Low Voltage 3.6 3 1,000 2,000 Telephones

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency 7

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Production

Cost Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline 15.2 6% 2.04 1.281

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Improvements

over Baseline t o Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental Cost

(over Baseline)

per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved 6.3 54% 1.38 0.110

2 Best

- in

Market 1.5 45% 0.12 0.056

3 Max

- Te ch

7 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode.5H

- 15

Table 5C. 12 BC Rep. Unit 4 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical Applications

4 Low Energy, High Voltage 10.8 20 1,000 2,000 Notebook Computers,

Power Tools

8 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode. # Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency 8

% Example

Maint. Mode

Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Production

Cost Tot al

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline 39.0 56% 5.9 2.2

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint. Mode

Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Improve ments

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental

Cost (over Baseline) per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved 10.7 69% 1.4 1.4

2 Best

- in

Market 4.2 70% 0.6 0.1

3 Max

- Tech5H

- 16

Table 5C. 13 BC Rep. Unit 5 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical

Applications

5 Med. Energy, L ow

Voltage 12 800 10 50 Marine Chargers,

Wheelchairs

9 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode. # Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency 9

% Example

Maint. Mode

Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Production

Cost Tot al

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline 293.5 46% 21.2 20.1

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint. Mode

Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Impr ovements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental Cost

(over Baseline)

per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved

2 Best

- in

Market 210.4 49% 11.9 11.6

3 Max

- Tech5H

- 17

Table 5C. 14 BC Rep. Unit 7 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical

Applications

7 High Energy 48 3750 10 50 Golf Carts

# Ef ficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency 10

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example No

Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Production

Cost Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example No

Battery

Mode Power

W Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental Cost

(over Baseline) per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved 912.7 71% 3.3 1.5

2 Best

- in

Market

3 Max

- Tech

10 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode.5H

- 18

Table 5C. 15 BC Rep. Unit 10 Rep.

Unit

# Product Class Battery Voltage

V Battery

Energy

Wh Annual Production

Volume

K units Lifespan Production

Volume

K units Typical

Applications

10 Low Energy, AC

Output 12 70 100 500 Uninterruptible Power Supplies

11 Combines the efficiency of the power conversion circuitry and the battery. Defined as the energy recovered from the battery during a 0.2 C discharge, divided by the energy consumed by the charger during active mode # Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only

Effici ency 11

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Defining Design

Characteristics Mfr. Production

Cost Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

0 Baseline 65.0 28% 7.4 N/A

# Efficiency

Level Annual

Energy Consumption

k W h Example

Active

- Only Efficiency

% Example

Maint.

Mode Power

W Example

No

- Battery

Mode Power

W Improvements

over Baseline to Meet Efficiency

Level Incremental Cost

(over Baseline) per Improvement Total

Mfr.

Prod.

Cost

1 Improved 1 9.5 52% 2.2 N/A

2 Best

- in

Market 6.4 59% 0.7 N/A

3 Max

- Tech