73280 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 

religious designs, and/or Arabic 

inscriptions. 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This amendment involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 

Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory 

Planning and Review), as amended by 

Executive Order 14094 (Modernizing 

Regulatory Review), and 13563 

(Improving Regulation and Regulatory 

Review) direct agencies to assess the 

costs and benefits of available regulatory 

alternatives and, if regulation is 

necessary, to select regulatory 

approaches that maximize net benefits 

(including potential economic, 

environmental, public health and safety 

effects, distributive impacts, and 

equity). Executive Order 13563 

emphasizes the importance of 

quantifying costs and benefits, reducing 

costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting 

flexibility. CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 because it 

pertains to a foreign affairs function of 

the United States, as described above, 

and therefore is specifically exempted 

by section 3(d)(2) of Executive Order 

12866 and, by extension, Executive 

Order 13563. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended by the 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act of 1996, requires an agency 

to prepare and make available to the 

public a regulatory flexibility analysis 

that describes the effect of a proposed 

rule on small entities (i.e., small 

businesses, small organizations, and 

small governmental jurisdictions) when 

the agency is required to publish a 

general notice of proposed rulemaking 

for a rule. Since a general notice of 

proposed rulemaking is not necessary 

for this rule, CBP is not required to 

prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis 

for this rule. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of the 

Secretary’s delegate) to approve 

regulations related to customs revenue 

functions. 

Troy A. Miller, the Senior Official 

Performing the Duties of the 

Commissioner, having reviewed and 

approved this document, has delegated 

the authority to electronically sign this 

document to the Director (or Acting 

Director, if applicable) of the 

Regulations and Disclosure Law 

Division for CBP, for purposes of 

publication in the Federal Register. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendments to the CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read as 

follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 

(General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624. 

* * * * * 

Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also 

issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, add an entry in 

alphabetical order for ‘‘Yemen’’ to the 

table in paragraph (a) and remove the 

entry for ‘‘Yemen’’ in the table in 

paragraph (b). 

The addition reads as follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

(a) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

*******

Yemen .............. Archaeological material of Yemen ranging in date from approximately 200,000 B.C. to A.D. 1773, and 

ethnological material of Yemen ranging in date from approximately A.D. 1517 through 1918.

CBP Dec. 24–15. 

* * * * * 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Approved: 

Aviva R. Aron-Dine, 

Acting Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 

for Tax Policy. 

[FR Doc. 2024–20388 Filed 9–9–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 24–16] 

RIN 1515–AE91 

Emergency Import Restrictions 

Imposed on Categories of 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Ukraine 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This document amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

imposition of emergency import 

restrictions on categories of 

archaeological and ethnological material 

of Ukraine, pursuant to a determination 

made by the United States Department 

of State under the terms of the 

Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act. The emergency 

import restrictions will be in effect until 

March 5, 2029, unless extended. This 

document contains the Designated List 

of Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Ukraine that describes the 

types of objects or categories of 


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archaeological and ethnological material 

to which the import restrictions apply. 

DATES: Effective on September 10, 2024. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, 

Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and 

Restricted Merchandise Branch, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of 

Trade, (202) 325–0084, ototrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov. For 

operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, 

Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and 

Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– 

7064, 1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act (Pub. L. 97–446, 19 

U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (CPIA), which 

implements the 1970 United Nations 

Educational, Scientific and Cultural 

Organization (UNESCO) Convention on 

the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing 

the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of 

Ownership of Cultural Property (823 

U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)) (Convention), 

allows for the conclusion of an 

agreement between the United States 

and another party to the Convention to 

impose import restrictions on eligible 

archaeological and ethnological 

material. In certain limited 

circumstances, the CPIA authorizes the 

imposition of restrictions on an 

emergency basis (19 U.S.C. 2603). The 

emergency restrictions are effective for 

no more than five years from the date 

of the State Party’s request and may be 

extended for three years where it is 

determined that the emergency 

condition continues to apply with 

respect to the covered material (19 

U.S.C. 2603(c)(3)). These restrictions 

may also be continued, in whole or in 

part, pursuant to an agreement 

concluded within the meaning of the 

CPIA (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(4)). 

Determinations 

Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. 2602(a), the 

government of Ukraine, a State Party to 

the Convention, requested on March 5, 

2024, that import restrictions be 

imposed on certain archaeological and 

ethnological material, the pillage of 

which jeopardizes the cultural heritage 

of Ukraine. The CPIA authorizes the 

President (or designee) to apply import 

restrictions on an emergency basis if the 

President determines that an emergency 

condition applies with respect to any 

archaeological or ethnological material 

of any requesting State Party (19 U.S.C. 

2603). 

On July 26, 2024, the Assistant 

Secretary for Educational and Cultural 

Affairs, United States Department of 

State, after consultation with and 

recommendation by the Cultural 

Property Advisory Committee, made the 

determinations necessary under the 

CPIA for the emergency imposition of 

import restrictions on categories of 

archaeological material and ethnological 

material of the cultural heritage of 

Ukraine. The Designated List below sets 

forth the categories of material to which 

the import restrictions apply. Thus, U.S. 

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is 

amending § 12.104g(b) of title 19 of the 

Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 

12.104g(b)) accordingly. 

Importation of covered material from 

Ukraine will be restricted until March 5, 

2029, unless the conditions set forth in 

19 U.S.C. 2606 and 19 CFR 12.104c are 

met. 

Designated List of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Ukraine 

The Designated List includes, but is 

not limited to, categories of objects 

described below. 

Archaeological material in the 

Designated List ranges in date from the 

Paleolithic period (c. 1.4 million years 

ago) through 1774 C.E. Ethnological 

material in the Designated List includes: 

ethnological religious and ritual objects, 

and objects related to funerary rites and 

burials dating from 200 C.E. to 1917 

C.E.; ethnological manuscripts, written 

documents, and early prints dating from 

900 C.E. to 1917 C.E.; ethnological 

architectural elements dating from 200 

C.E. to 1917 C.E.; and ethnological 

paintings, military material, and 

traditional folk clothing and textiles 

dating from 1700 C.E. to 1917 C.E. The 

designated list set forth is representative 

only. Any dates and dimensions are 

approximate. 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material 

I. Archaeological Material 

A. Stone 

B. Metal 

C. Terracotta, Ceramic, Porcelain, 

Faience, and Fired Clay 

D. Plaster, Stucco, and Unfired Clay 

E. Bone, Ivory, Horn, and Shell 

F. Wood and Other Organic Materials 

G. Glass 

H. Human Remains 

II. Ethnological Material 

A. Religious and Ritual Objects, and 

Objects Related to Funerary Rites 

and Burials 

B. Architectural Elements 

C. Manuscripts, Written Documents, 

and Early Prints 

D. Ethnological Paintings 

E. Military Material 

F. Traditional Folk Clothing and 

Textiles 

Approximate simplified chronology of 

well-known periods: 

Paleolithic: c. 1.4 million years ago– 

8000 B.C.E. 

Mesolithic: c. 7000–4500 B.C.E. 

Neolithic: c. 6000–3000 B.C.E. (c. 6000– 

4000 B.C.E. on the right bank of the 

Dnipro River and 5000–3000 B.C.E. in 

Polissia and the left bank of the 

Dnipro River) 

Copper Age (or Eneolithic): c. 4000– 

2000 B.C.E. 

Bronze Age: c. 2100–800 B.C.E. 

Early Iron Age: c. 800–400 B.C.E. 

Ancient Greek Period: c. 650 B.C.E–47 

B.C.E. 

Roman Period: c. 47 B.C.E.–340 C.E. 

Late Antiquity and Early Byzantine 

Periods: c. 340–880 C.E. 

Kyivan Rus Period: c. 880–1240 C.E. 

Late Medieval Period: c. 1240–1650 C.E. 

Early Modern Period: c. 1650–1917 

C.E. 

I. Archaeological Material 

Archaeological material includes 

categories of objects ranging in date 

from c. 1.4 million years ago through 

1774 C.E. 

A. Stone 

1. Large Sculpture and Statues— 

Including anthropomorphic, 

zoomorphic, and multi-figure 

compositions. Made primarily of 

sandstone, limestone, marble, and shell 

rock. Neolithic menhir-like stones may 

represent stylized human images, while 

Bronze Age statues are usually 

rectangular with the head outlined and 

other body parts shown in relief. 

Scythian sculptures schematically 

depict warriors. Sculptures from the 

Eneolithic and Ancient Greek periods 

often take the form of schematic human 

busts. Ancient Greek and Roman 

sculptures often depict naturalistic 

images of various figures, including 

humans, mythological creatures, and 

animals. Medieval nomadic stelae 

depict humans schematically, often 

with pointed headdresses. Approximate 

date: 6000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

2. Miniature Sculptures and Statues— 

Made primarily of marble, quartz, and 

alabaster, these include 

anthropomorphic and zoomorphic 

forms and images of objects. Copper Age 

figurines vary in shape, often featuring 

prominent eyes, noses, or sex markers. 

Ancient Greek and Roman marble 

statuettes are naturalistic, depicting 

various figures. Approximate date: 6000 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

3. Architectural Elements— 

Originating from religious, residential, 

and burial sites and used in walls, 

floors, vaults, and roofs. Constructed 

from slate, sandstone, limestone, 


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marble, and other stones. Elements 

include, but are not limited to, capitals 

and parts of columns, pilasters, friezes, 

door and window frames, keystones, 

altars, altar screens, mosaics, and tiles. 

Stone slabs with relief and inlaid 

sculpted compositions, depicting 

religious figures, animals, and floral 

motifs, were embedded into railings or 

other parts of buildings. Approximate 

date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

4. Mosaics—Composed of painted 

pebbles, marble, limestone, and bricks. 

Floors made of painted pebbles 

decorated Ancient Greek-period inner 

courts and rooms. Early Christian 

churches in Crimea and Kyiv were 

decorated with mosaics made of marble 

of various colors, limestone, and bricks. 

These mosaics were crafted from small 

cube-shaped stones (tesserae) measuring 

approximately 4–6 cm x 3–5 cm, set in 

a limestone mortar or cement. Motifs 

include, but are not limited to, 

geometric patterns, palmettes, 

depictions of people, borders with 

meanders, waves, braids, pairs of 

animals, and griffins. They show a 

variety of colors, including black, white, 

dark blue, and brown. Approximate 

date: 700 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

5. Miniature Columns and Small 

Altars—Used to decorate shrines, 

burials, and churches, miniature 

columns range in size from 10 to 100 cm 

high and could be rounded, fluted, 

twisted, or composed of semi-columns. 

Made primarily of white marble, gray 

limestone, or shell rock. Small altars are 

movable architectural structures with 

rectangular or rounded bases, 

sometimes column-shaped with a 

shallow round surface, ranging in height 

from 10 cm to 1 m. These items are 

found at Ancient Greek, Roman, 

Byzantine, and Medieval sites. 

Approximate date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

6. Furniture—Including, but not 

limited to, tables, tripods, and stool legs 

often shaped like lion’s paws, as well as 

throne or stool backs and armrests 

decorated with reliefs or sculptures. 

Typically made of marble and other 

stones and dating from the Ancient 

Greek and Roman periods. Approximate 

date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

7. Slabs with Relief Images and 

Inscriptions—Made of marble, 

limestone, and other local stones, these 

slabs have been produced since the 

Bronze Age. Locally quarried slabs are 

often gray, porous, and rough, while 

slabs carved in Ukraine on imported 

marble are white and gray. Motifs on 

Ancient Greek and Roman period slabs 

include humans, lions, sphinxes, and 

griffins, with reliefs sometimes 

combined with paintings. Inscriptions 

in various scripts, including Latin, 

Greek, and Cyrillic, are found on slabs 

of various shapes and sizes. 

Approximate date: 3000 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

8. Sarcophagi, Ossuaries, and 

Gravestones—Sarcophagi and ossuaries 

are usually rectangular constructions 

made of jointed or carved slabs; their 

lids are also included, having roof-like 

shapes in the Roman period. Sizes vary 

depending on purpose: for cremations 

or inhumations, they range from half a 

meter to several meters. Gravestones are 

typically decorated with floral 

ornaments, rosettes, and cornices; 

usually rectangular with roof, arch, or 

cone-shaped tops. Late Antique, 

Medieval, and Early Modern 

gravestones include those shaped as 

crosses, tree trunks, or architectural 

structures. Approximate date: 650 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

9. Crosses and Icons—Stone crosses 

are made primarily of marble or 

limestone and range in size from 10 cm 

to over half a meter. Stone icons are 

typically carved as rectangular or round 

plates usually from pink or blue slate or 

sandstone. Icons range from 5 to 25 cm 

in size. They are painted with images of 

single, frontally depicted, full-length or 

half-length figures of Christ, the Virgin 

Mary, or saints such as Nicholas, 

Theodore Stratelates, or others, or 

religious scenes with two to three 

figures shown frontally or in threequarters view, such as the 

Annunciation, Presentation, Descent 

into Hell, and others. Icons usually have 

a frame, while crosses are sometimes set 

in frames made of other materials. 

Precious stones may be used in the 

decoration of small cultic objects. 

Approximate date: 300–1774 C.E. 

10. Vessels—Made primarily of 

limestone, marble, and alabaster. 

Including, but not limited to, mortars 

and pestles of various sizes from the 

Bronze Age, and marble vessels for 

washing from the Ancient Greek and 

Roman periods. Alabaster vases and 

lamps were common in the Ancient 

Greek period. Church ceremonial 

vessels from the Medieval and Early 

Modern periods vary in shape from 

miniature narrow bottles (alabastra) to 

large open-shaped water basins 

(louteria). Approximate date: 3000 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

11. Tools—Types include, but are not 

limited to, choppers, handaxes, axe 

heads, microlithic inlays, scrapers, 

blades, polishing tools, loom-weights, 

grindstones, wine-press stones, and 

anchors. Primarily made of flint, 

obsidian, granite, quartz, quartzite, 

shale, and steatite. Early Paleolithic 

tools were pebbles with chopped edges; 

later shapes continuing through the 

Copper and Bronze Ages include flaked 

tools. Loom-weights vary from conical 

to elongated shapes. Approximate date: 

1.4 million years ago–1774 C.E. 

12. Weapons—Types include, but are 

not limited to, arrowheads, spearheads, 

darts, maces, and cannonballs. Stone 

weapon heads have been used since the 

Paleolithic period. Stone maces from the 

Neolithic period are often smoothed. 

Cannonballs, often made of porous 

stone, range from 10 to 30 cm in 

diameter. Approximate date: 1.4 million 

years ago–1774 C.E. 

13. Games—Represented primarily by 

dice and chess pieces. Chess pieces 

from the Kyivan Rus period have one 

flat side and a spherical or 

anthropomorphic shape. Ancient Greek 

dice are flat pebbles with ancient 

engravings and marks. Dice are about 2– 

4 cm in diameter. Approximate date: 

650 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

14. Adornments—Types include, but 

are not limited to, beads, pendants, and 

inlays made from materials such as 

turquoise, marble, quartz, emerald, 

carnelian, jasper, onyx, ruby, amethyst, 

and lazurite. Sarmatian jewelry 

contemporary with the Ancient Greek 

and Roman periods features inlaid 

precious stones. Byzantine and Kyivan 

Rus periods are known for amethyst and 

lazurite beads and inlays. Imported 

inlays were used in Medieval and later 

periods. Approximate date: 6000 B.C.E.– 

1774 C.E. 

B. Metal 

1. Coins—In gold, silver, bronze, 

copper, and lead. Some coin types 

minted in or commonly found in 

archaeological contexts in Ukraine in 

various periods are listed below. 

a. Ancient Greek cities in Ukraine, 

including Olbia, Panticapaeum, 

Chersonesus, and Tyras, minted coins of 

various weights and metals. Cast 

currency in dolphin, sturgeon, and 

arrowhead forms was also produced in 

this period. See Zograph, A. Ancient 

Coinage, Part II, Ancient Coins of the 

Northern Black Sea Littoral. (Oxford, 

1977). Approximate date: 600–47 B.C.E. 

b. In the Roman period, Panticapaeum 

continued to mint coins, and other 

Roman imperial coins were also used. 

See MacDonald, D. An Introduction to 

the History and Coinage of the Kingdom 

of the Bosporus, Classical Numismatic 

Studies 5. (Lancaster, 2005). 

Approximate date: 47 B.C.E.–500 C.E. 

c. Coins minted in the Kyivan Rus 

period include gold and silver zlatnyks 

with a portrait of the ruler and the 

trident (tryzub) symbol. Hexagonal cast 

ingots (hryvnia) were also produced. 

Bohemian deniers and dirhams of 

Islamic states were also used in the 


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Medieval period. Pierced coins and 

exfoliated (flaked) coins, including halfcoins and forgeries, were common. 

Approximate date: 880–1240 C.E. 

d. Coins in use during the Late 

Medieval and Early Modern periods 

include, but are not limited to, 

Mongolian dirhams, Lithuanian denars, 

Polish ducats, Crimean Khanate akces, 

Austro-Hungarian talers, Ottoman coins, 

and Russian rubles. Approximate date: 

1240–1774 C.E. 

2. Medallions—Usually featuring 

relief images, known since the Early 

Iron Age, with gold, silver, and bronze 

phaleras used during the Roman period. 

Approximate date: 1000 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

3. Relief Plaques and Reliefs—Made 

of gold, silver, bronze, and lead. Used to 

decorate clothes, wooden, or leather 

objects, such as horse harnesses, 

quivers, scabbards, belts, and vessels. 

Decorations include animals and floral 

ornaments. Approximate date: 650 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

4. Jewelry—Types include, but are not 

limited to, diadems, earrings, rings, 

necklaces, bracelets, crosses, pendants, 

fibulae, beads, and tubes. Scythian 

jewelry in the Animal Style was 

typically made of gold, less often of 

silver and bronze. Usually, these pieces 

depict predators attacking herbivorous 

animals and mythological creatures. 

Small gold pendants and beads were 

used to decorate clothes of these and 

later nomads. Byzantine and Kyivan Rus 

jewelry featured floral and geometric 

designs. Medieval period pendants 

include moon-shaped examples 

decorated with ornaments and temporal 

or temple rings of various shapes, 

including plain wrapped wire or 

featuring plates, pendants and 

ornaments. Bronze and silver fibulae of 

the Early Iron Age show a variety of 

forms and are much smaller than the 

massive Early Medieval fibulae shaped 

as anthropomorphic figurines or fiverayed ornaments. Approximate date: 

3000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

5. Vessels—Primarily made of bronze, 

silver, and gold. Large riveted bronze 

cauldrons with thick walls and short 

stems or feet, up to 1 meter in diameter, 

known since the Bronze Age. Smaller 

Scythian vessels include, but are not 

limited to, cones, rhytons, kylixes, 

phiales, cups, ceremonial plates, kraters, 

ladles, and strainers. Sarmatians widely 

used Roman-type vessels like situlas 

and pans. Vessels corresponding to 

Greek, Roman, Celtic and Late Roman 

bronze vessel types are also known. 

Metal handles from Scythian, Greekperiod, and other vessels are often 

shaped as anthropomorphic or 

zoomorphic figures. Approximate date: 

2500 B.C.E.–late 1774 C.E. 

6. Sculpture and Small Figurines— 

Include bronze sculptures from the 

Ancient Greek and Roman periods, 

often fragmentary. Small figurines 

typically depicted deities, animals, and 

mythological creatures. Medieval 

examples show a more schematic style. 

Approximate date: 2500 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

7. Horse Harness Elements— 

Including, but not limited to, shuffrons 

or chanfrons (face covers), often 

decorated in relief, psalia (bit and 

cheek-pieces), horseshoes, spurs, and 

stirrups. Scythian horse bridles were 

composed of bronze bits with stirrupshaped ends, iron bits with looped ends, 

three-looped iron or bronze cheekpieces, and nose plates. Sarmatian sets 

often included silver and lead bridle 

roundels, iron bits, cheek-pieces, 

frontlets with a hook, and phaleras. 

Medieval horse harnesses also featured 

phaleras, psalia, and other details made 

of precious metals. For example, the 

Khazar psalia were nail-shaped, and 

Kyivan Rus sets sometimes included 

horse head-covers made of several 

plates. Approximate date: 1000 B.C.E.– 

1774 C.E. 

8. Armor Elements—Including, but 

not limited to, mail, knee and elbow 

guards, shields (and shield bosses or 

umbos), helmets, and belt sets. Scale 

armor consisted of iron, bronze, or bone 

scales sewn onto leather. Chain mail 

made of iron links was known in the 

Roman period and more frequent in the 

Kyivan Rus period. Approximate date: 

900 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

9. Weapons—Including, but not 

limited to, swords (including folded 

ones), daggers, arrowheads, spearheads, 

darts, maces, scepters, crossbows, 

cannons and cannonballs, and sabers. 

Scythians used leaf-shaped spearheads, 

bronze or sometimes iron arrowheads 

with a socket and two or three edges, 

iron swords and daggers, long swords, 

and war axes. Kyivan Rus warriors used 

star-shaped maces, axes, spears, swords, 

and arrows. Approximate date: 2500 

B.C.E.–late 1774 C.E. 

10. Vehicle Elements—Including, but 

not limited to, anchors, cart elements, 

and chariot wheels. Ancient Greek- and 

Roman-period chariot details often 

featured figurines. Approximate date: 

2000 B.C.E.–300 C.E. 

11. Tools—Including, but not limited 

to, knives, axes, tongs, needles, 

thimbles, medical instruments, strigils, 

miniature spoons, nails, hoes, plows, 

and sickles. May be made of bronze, 

copper, iron, silver, and gold. Precious 

metals were sometimes applied to 

miniature or ceremonial tools, which 

are often decorated with ornaments or 

figurative terminals. Approximate date: 

2500 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

12. Bells—Typically made in bronze 

or iron, in various shapes and sizes, 

including spherical, with holes and 

balls inside; dome-shaped; cylindrical; 

and pear-shaped. Bells adorned jewelry 

and dress, as well as carts, chariots, and 

horse harnesses. Examples for cultic use 

were hollow, with slits and small balls 

inside; they were positioned on 

elongated sockets and crowned with 

images of animal- or bird-heads or 

figures. Approximate date: 700 B.C.E.– 

1300 C.E. 

13. Lighting Devices—Including oil 

lamps and candle holders, sometimes 

elaborately decorated and typically 

made of bronze. Oil lamps were 

rounded or elongated containers with 

one or more nozzles and a handle. 

Candle holders are found in hanging, 

table, and standing varieties. They are 

often decorated with separately 

produced ornaments. Approximate date: 

650 B.C.E.–late 1774 C.E. 

14. Seals or Sealings—Medieval 

hanging lead seals used to certify 

documents are called molybdobulas or 

bullas. They have at least one round flat 

side with a relief, and they often 

resemble medallions and were pierced 

to be hung. Later bullas take the shape 

of gold chrysobulls. They begin at about 

2 cm in diameter, and their color varies 

from gray to brown. Approximate date: 

200–1774 C.E. 

15. Icons and Crosses—Including, but 

not limited to, relief metal icons, 

crosses, and encolpions (icon 

medallions). Encolpions, relief metal 

icons, and their frames were often made 

of mixed materials and carved, inlaid 

with precious stones and metals, or 

engraved. Both icons and crosses are 

found in various sizes, including 

smaller examples for wearing on the 

chest and large ceremonial ones. 

Approximate date: 300–1774 C.E. 

16. Mirrors—Including, but not 

limited to, hand mirrors made of silver 

and bronze, with one polished flat side 

and carved decoration on the back. May 

be round with a handle or a loop at the 

center of the back. Handles typically 

take the form of either a loop or a plaque 

raised above two small posts; they are 

sometimes decorated with sculpted or 

carved animals on the terminals, or 

made in anthropomorphic form. 

Approximate date: 600 B.C.E.–200 C.E. 

17. Keys and Locks—Including, but 

not limited to, cylindrical locks with Cshaped shackles. Later examples were 

flattened with more complex keyways. 

Some examples had protective shields. 

Approximate date: 800–1774 C.E. 


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18. Lead Plates—Including inscribed 

and uninscribed examples. May be 

folded or unrolled. Lead plates with 

traces of cast ornamentation are known. 

Vary in color from light gray to almost 

black with green or brown tints. 

Approximate date: 700 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

19. Games—Including dice and 

simple chess pieces, made from lead 

and bronze, shaped as knucklebones or 

cylinders with or without carving. Used 

across various periods, in sizes around 

2–4 cm in diameter. Approximate date: 

650 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

C. Terracotta, Ceramic, Porcelain, 

Faience, and Fired Clay 

1. Architectural Ceramics—Including, 

but not limited to, terracotta roof tiles 

with stamps, antefixes (ornamented or 

anthropomorphic), sculpted rainwater 

spouts (typically in a lion-head shape), 

drainpipes, stamped or engraved bricks, 

including ‘‘plinths’’ (wide and flat fired 

bricks resembling tiles). Roof-tile styles 

include ridge tiles, raised tiles 

(imbrices), and tegulae. May be 

decorated with stamped relief designs. 

Antefixes may be decorated with 

palmettes, anthropomorphic images, or 

painted. Includes relief plaques and 

medallions that may be part of antefixes 

and are decorated with mythological 

scenes. Bricks may have traces of graffiti 

or be stamped. Kyivan Rus bricks used 

in churches may bear trident-shaped 

relief marks. Approximate date: 650 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

2. Stove Tiles—Including glazed and 

unglazed stove tiles. Glazed types may 

be smooth or have relief decoration. 

Glazed stove tiles are typically 

decorated in green, blue, white, brown, 

red, and other colors. Unglazed stove 

tiles are typically created from clays in 

brown, buff, pink, red, and yellow 

colors, and may have negative relief 

decoration. Stove tiles may be decorated 

with painted ornaments, such as 

heraldic, floral, anthropomorphic, and/ 

or zoomorphic motifs, or state and 

family symbols. Sizes vary, but they are 

typically 10 to 50 cm in height. 

Approximate date: 1200–1774 C.E. 

3. Vessels—Including utilitarian 

vessels, fine tableware, and specialpurpose vessels, in conventional shapes 

such as amphorae, bowls, bottles, 

goblets, jars, pitchers, plates, storage 

vessels, and vases, as well as 

unconventional shapes such as 

anthropomorphic and zoomorphic 

forms. Includes vessel lids and 

fragments of vessels. Clay colors vary 

but are typically gray or red. Vessels 

may be glazed (typically black or red), 

enameled, or engobed. Vessels may be 

painted, incised, molded or stamped in 

relief, or incrusted, or bear applied 

decoration. Types and characteristics of 

various periods are described below. 

a. Neolithic and Copper Age—Vessel 

styles include Linear Band Ware or 

Linear Spiral-Meander Pottery with a 

globular shape and linear incised 

ornamentation such as spirals, and 

Cucuteni-Trypillia wares that may be 

decorated with incised or stamped 

designs, sometimes filled with white or 

red paste, or painted in monochrome, 

bichrome, or polychrome designs in 

white, red, brown, and black and 

engobed in red, orange, white, and other 

colors. Painted designs include 

geometric and organic motifs. 

Characteristic Trypillia forms include 

biconical pots and binocular-shaped 

cultic vessels, as well as 

anthropomorphic and zoomorphic 

vessels. Includes vessels that may have 

applied zoomorphic ornaments. 

Approximate date: 6000–2000 B.C.E. 

b. Bronze Age—Vessel styles include 

types related to Corded Ware pottery 

with impressed or incised rope-like 

decorations and globular forms. 

Approximate date: 2100–800 B.C.E. 

c. Greek and Roman Pottery—Ancient 

Greek pottery most often found in 

Ukraine includes, but is not limited to, 

kraters, table amphorae, bomoi, olpes, 

jars, oinochoes, kylixes, skyphoi, cups, 

pateras, phiales, lekythoi, plates, 

lekanes with lids, flasks, and gutti. The 

most recognizable types of painted 

vessels are Geometric, Black-figure, Redfigure, and White-ground. Greek and 

Roman tableware also includes vessels 

cast in molds such as Hellenistic cups 

and Roman Sigillata. Black glazed 

(lacquered) pottery includes several 

types with stamped ornaments. May 

bear short painted inscriptions (dipinti) 

or incised inscriptions (graffiti). The 

rims of pithoi were often incised with 

letters or ornaments. Approximate date: 

700 B.C.E.–340 C.E. 

d. Byzantine and Medieval—Vessels 

may be glazed and/or decorated with 

paint or relief ornaments. Transport 

amphorae are also found in this period. 

Approximate date: 340–1650 C.E. 

e. Miniature Vessels—Miniature 

vessels are typically found in the abovementioned shapes and styles, but in 

sizes as small as 1 cm in diameter. May 

be painted. Includes miniature clay 

spoons. Approximate date: 4000–47 

B.C.E 

4. Figurines and Models—Including 

figurines representing anthropomorphic, 

zoomorphic, and mythical figures and 

models of objects, buildings, or vehicles. 

Styles common in various periods are 

described below. Approximate date: 

4000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

a. Copper Age Trypillian—Figurines 

are typically abstract and stylized with 

pierced, incised, and pinched details. 

Models of houses, boats, and sleighs 

drawn by oxen are typical in this 

period. 

b. Ancient Greek and Roman Period— 

Figurines are usually naturalistic images 

of humans, half-human creatures, 

animals, and objects. Some figurines are 

made with separate movable limbs. 

Most figurines are hollow inside, with a 

technical opening (rounded, square, or 

triangular). May be painted, gilded, and/ 

or decorated with applied elements, 

such as small clay balls, fruits, flowers, 

rosettes, leaves, and/or wreaths, which 

may bear incised details. Some figurines 

may have been created in molds. Clay 

cart models drawn by a horse are also 

found in the Roman period. 

c. Late Antique to Early Modern 

Period—Figurines may be handmade or 

molded in anthropomorphic and 

zoomorphic forms. May be painted or 

incised. 

5. Miniature Altars—Typically in 

cubic, rectangular, and rounded forms, 

but may also take the form of the club 

of Heracles. They are usually profiled, 

but sometimes bear relief images on 

their sides. Sizes typically vary from 10 

to over 50 cm in height. Approximate 

date: 650 B.C.E.–300 C.E. 

6. Molds—Types include jewelry 

molds and figurine molds. Sizes vary, 

but jewelry molds are typically 5–15 cm 

in length, while figurine molds reach up 

to 25–30 cm. Approximate date: 1000 

B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

7. Tools—Including, but not limited 

to, loom-weights (may be round or 

pyramidal), coils, and fishing sinkers 

(may be pyramidal or quadrangular). 

Loom-weights and sinkers are typically 

pierced and smoothed but undecorated. 

Sizes vary, but are typically between 5– 

10 cm in diameter (rounded shapes) or 

up to 15 cm in height (pyramidal and 

quadrangular shapes). Approximate 

date: 6000 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

8. Musical Instruments—Including 

wind and rattle-like instruments or toys 

that may be shaped like birds, eggs, 

boars, tortoises, other zoomorphic 

forms, and coffins. Approximate date: 

3500 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

9. Lamps and Lighting—Including, 

but not limited to, oil lamps and candle 

holders. Oil lamps vary in shape and 

type, ranging from open-shaped and 

hanging types to closed types with 

narrow nozzles, thin handles, and 

reliefs on the discus. Typically made 

from gray or red clay. May also be blackglazed or painted. Approximate date: 

600 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

10. Smoking Pipes—Early forms are 

typically short and rounded. Later forms 

are typically decorated and sometimes 


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stamped. Approximate date: 600 B.C.E.– 

1774 C.E. 

11. Items of Personal Adornment— 

Includes, but not limited to, beads and 

pendants. May be plain, glazed, painted, 

and/or engraved. Some beads and 

pendants have a zoomorphic form. 

Beads and pendants of Egyptian faience 

(sintered quartz) are typically light blue 

and may retain traces of glaze. Forms in 

this material include, but are not limited 

to, scarabs, Bes, Horus-Harpocrates, and 

other Hellenized Egyptian deities, as 

well as lions. Approximate date: 3500 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

12. Games and Toys—Includes, but is 

not limited to, gaming pieces such as 

dice, chess pieces, painted eggs, and 

disc- or square-shaped tokens. Tokens 

may bear the impression of a coin on 

one side. Clay eggs may be plain or 

painted. Approximate date: 2500 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

D. Plaster, Stucco, and Unfired Clay 

Architectural Elements 

Including fragments of plaster used in 

architectural contexts from the Ancient 

Greek period and from the Kyivan Rus 

through Early Modern periods. May be 

painted, incised, or stamped. 

Approximate date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

E. Bone, Ivory, Horn, and Shell 

1. Plaques and Decorated Bones— 

Made from the bones of bulls, goats, 

mammoths, and other animals or from 

fossilized bone. The bone may be 

untreated, polished, painted, cut, 

incised, and/or engraved. Bone plaques 

may be decorated with linear and 

geometric incisions (such as coils), 

images, symbols (such as tamgas) and/ 

or inscriptions. Approximate date: 1.4 

million years ago–1774 C.E. 

2. Figurines—Decoration includes 

crosses; humans; animals, particularly 

camels, ibex, and snakes; geometric 

and/or floral designs; and other designs; 

includes fragments. Painted on wood, 

stone, and plaster. May be on domestic 

or public walls or tombs. Approximate 

dates: 1200 B.C. to 1773 C.E. 

3. Miniature Vessels and Boxes— 

Including, but not limited to, pyxides 

and their lids and narrow boxes for 

needles. Often bear engraved 

decorations. Approximate date: 1000 

B.C.E.–1650 C.E. 

4. Tools—Including, but not limited 

to, harpoons, needles, coils, awls, knifeand sickle-handles, miniature spoons, 

and writing implements (styli). Sizes 

vary, but typically range from 2 to 10 cm 

in length. Handles may be sculpted. 

Approximate date: 1 million years ago– 

1774 C.E. 

5. Musical Instruments—Including 

parts of wind instruments such as the 

aulos, syrinx, syringa, and pan flute, 

and parts of stringed instruments such 

as the chelys or lyre, made from 

tortoiseshell. Approximate date: 650 

B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

6. Horse and Warrior’s Equipment— 

Including, but not limited to, bone 

psalia (bit and cheek-pieces), whip 

handles, plaques for maces, bows, and 

quivers, and arrowheads. Approximate 

date: 2500 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

7. Items of Personal Adornment— 

Including, but not limited to, pins, 

bracelets, beads, rings, buckles, buttons, 

combs, furniture inlays, incrustations, 

box inlays, crosses, mirror handles, 

pommels, and powder containers. 

Combs may have engraved decoration, 

typically in circular form, and may be 

double-sided. Pommels are often carved 

as figurines. Amulets are often made of 

animal teeth and rings of tubular bones. 

Engraved pieces are commonly 

decorated with ornaments, marks, signs, 

and more. Plaques applied to decorate 

furniture, coffins, chests, and small 

boxes may bear elaborate reliefs. 

Buckles, buttons, and other accessories 

frequently feature engraved designs, 

images, and sometimes graffiti or 

carvings. Mirror handles and pins of the 

Ancient Greek and Roman periods may 

bear figurative carvings. Crosses and 

their inlay details were often made of 

bone, either engraved or carved. Trifold 

bone containers, approximately 10 cm 

in height, are interpreted as powder 

containers. They date to the Late 

Medieval to Early Modern periods and 

are often decorated with engravings. 

Approximate date: 1 million years ago– 

1774 C.E. 

8. Games—Including gaming pieces 

such as dice, knucklebones, simple 

chess pieces, and other types. 

Knucklebones often have a variety of 

engraved marks on them. Chess pieces 

often have one flat side and a spherical 

or anthropomorphic shape; some may 

have a polychrome decoration. 

Approximate date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

F. Wood and Other Organic Materials 

1. Architectural Elements—Including, 

but not limited to, elements of towers, 

wells, churches, dwellings, and fences, 

particularly from the Medieval period. 

Carved wooden house decorations are 

found in the Medieval and Early 

Modern periods. Large elements may 

reach over 2 m, while carved elements 

may be smaller. Approximate date: 6000 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

2. Vehicle Elements—Including, but 

not limited to, part of cartwheels, 

chariots, and boats. Cartwheels and 

fragments thereof, in both solid and 

spoked forms, may be found in Bronze 

Age burials. Includes elements of 

Ancient Greek and Roman period 

chariots. Boats and parts thereof from 

the Medieval period were sometimes 

used as coffins. Approximate date: 2500 

B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

3. Furniture and Coffin Elements— 

Including, but not limited to, parts of 

tables, tripods, thrones, chairs, and 

klines (beds), sometimes carved with 

sculptural details. Carved and inlaid 

furniture is particularly common in the 

Medieval and Early Modern periods. 

Approximate date: 650 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

4. Vessels—Including, but not limited 

to, Scythian-period cups and trays, 

which are sometimes set with precious 

metal plaques, and Medieval-period 

plates, which may be engraved. Also 

includes barrels from the Medieval and 

Early Modern periods. Approximate 

date: 1000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

5. Tools and Weapons—Including, 

but not limited to, distaffs, knife 

handles, quivers, and weaving combs. 

Approximate date: 1000 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

6. Crosses and Icons—Including both 

large ceremonial and smaller personal 

crosses or carved wooden inlays for 

crosses. Crosses from the Medieval 

period and later are often made of 

cypress. Ceremonial crosses may reach 

up to 1 m, while personal crosses range 

from 1 to 15 cm in height. Icons are 

typically made of from one to three 

panels of coniferous or deciduous wood 

that have been joined together, painted, 

and finished with transparent varnish. 

Painted images include single, frontally 

depicted, full-length or half-length 

figures of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or 

saints such as Nicholas, Theodore 

Stratelates, or others, or religious scenes 

with two to three figures shown 

frontally or in three-quarters view, such 

as the Annunciation, Presentation, 

Descent into Hell, and others. Icons 

range in size from 20 cm to 2 or 3 m. 

Approximate date: 300–1774 C.E. 

7. Musical Instruments—Including, 

but not limited to, stringed instruments, 

wind instruments, and percussion 

instruments. Beck-flutes are typical of 

the Medieval period. Approximate date: 

3000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

8. Objects of Ceremonial and Daily 

Use—Including, but not limited to, 

wooden and bark shoes, lids from 

Ancient Greek-type mirrors, chests, 

caskets, games–such as simple chess 

pieces–and game boards. Also includes 

inscriptions in various scripts and 

languages on wooden plaques, 

birchbark, and paper. Chests may be 

painted or engraved and range in size 

from 5 to 50 cm. Approximate date: 

2000 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

9. Leather Objects—Including, but not 

limited to, tokens, elements of dress 


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such as shoes and belts, saddle 

elements, quivers, and casket elements. 

Approximate date: 1000 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

10. Textiles—Textiles and textile 

fragments are attested beginning in the 

Bronze Age and particularly in the 

Scythian period. May have floral 

ornaments in gold thread. Approximate 

date: 2500 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

11. Amber Objects—Including, but 

not limited to, sculptures or figurines, 

usually schematic in style, dating 

particularly to the Copper and Bronze 

Ages and the Kyivan Rus period. Also 

includes jewelry and adornments such 

as beads, pendants, and inlays. 

Approximate date: 4000 B.C.E.–1240 

C.E. 

G. Glass 

1. Items of Personal Adornment— 

Including, but not limited to, intaglios 

(also called gems), plain jewelry inlays, 

beads, rings, and bracelets. Intaglios are 

of various colors, but most commonly 

red or white. They have one flat surface 

with an engraved image, such as 

mythological figures and symbols. 

Inlays were most commonly made for 

rings, seals, and earrings. Beads, rings, 

and bracelets were made in a variety of 

colors, including red, blue, and yellow. 

Approximate date: 1000 B.C.E.–1774 

C.E. 

2. Vessels—Including both thicker, 

colored glass and transparent glass. 

Early vessel shapes include, but are not 

limited to, aryballoi (globular flasks). 

Thin transparent glass vessels, often 

with colored waves, are found 

beginning in the Roman period. 

Approximate date: 700 B.C.E.–1774 C.E. 

3. Games—Including, but not limited 

to, dice and simple chess pieces. Chess 

pieces may be spherical or 

anthropomorphic in form; they are 

usually made of white, green, and 

brown glass and may be polychromatic. 

Approximate date: 700 B.C.E.–1300 C.E. 

4. Mosaics—Glass tesserae were used 

for mosaics decorating floors, walls, and 

ceilings of Christian temples, as well as 

icons. Mosaic tesserae are around 1–2 

cm and appear in various colors, 

including gold and blue. May be cobalt 

glass. Approximate date: 400–1300 C.E. 

H. Human Remains 

Including human remains and 

fragments of human remains, such as 

skeletal remains, soft tissue, and ash 

from the human body that may be 

preserved in burials, reliquaries, 

ossuaries, and other contexts. Bronze 

Age remains may include elongated 

skulls and mummified remains. Also 

includes Bronze Age skulls that have 

been painted and/or modeled, pierced, 

or given other decorations, as well as 

bones painted with red ochre or other 

materials. Approximate date: 1.4 million 

years ago–1774 C.E. 

II. Ethnological Material 

Ethnological material includes the 

following categories: ethnological 

religious and ritual objects, and objects 

related to funerary rites and burials 

dating from c. 200 to 1917 C.E.; 

ethnological manuscripts, written 

documents, and early prints dating from 

c. 900 to 1917 C.E.; ethnological 

architectural elements dating from c. 

200 to 1917 C.E.; and ethnological 

paintings, military material, and 

traditional folk clothing and textiles 

dating from c. 1700 to 1917 C.E. 

A. Religious and Ritual Objects, and 

Objects Related to Funerary Rites and 

Burials—Religious and ritual objects 

include moveable objects typically used 

in Ukrainian communal religious and 

ceremonial settings in all materials, as 

well as objects related to funerary rites 

and burials. Primarily in stone, wood, 

ceramic, metal, hand mixed paints, and 

textiles. Approximate date: c. 200–1917 

C.E. 

1. Sculptures—Including stone icons, 

relief plates, facade reliefs on religious 

structures, large free-standing sculpture 

found in both exterior and interior 

religious settings, small decorative 

sculptures, roadside crosses or figures, 

baptismal fonts (sometimes lotusshaped), altars, lamps, and candlesticks. 

Primary materials include local stone 

(pink or blue slate or sandstone), white 

limestone, and imported materials such 

as jasper, steatite, alabaster, or wood. 

Stone icons are small stone plates (5–25 

cm) depicting Christ, the Virgin Mary, 

Nicholas, and other religious figures. 

Reliefs often feature religious and 

narrative images such as a warrior 

fighting a lion, two saintly warriors on 

horseback, nativity scenes (vertep), and 

others. 

2. Memorial Objects—Including 

sarcophagi, epitaph plaques, and 

tombstones, such as Jewish matzevah, 

Crimean Tatar mezartash and bashtash 

(gravestones bearing the name, place, 

and dates of birth and death), grave 

crosses and sculptures, made of stone, 

marble, slate, and other materials. 

Objects are often adorned with intricate 

carvings (floral, human, and 

zoomorphic motifs) and inscriptions. 

3. Ritual Processional and Altar 

Objects—Includes wooden and stone 

icons of various sizes. Icons are a type 

of religious image carved from 

rectangular or round stone plates 

(usually pink or blue slate or sandstone, 

5–25 cm) or painted on wood panels, 

depicting single saints (Christ, the 

Virgin Mary, Nicholas, Theodore 

Stratelates, etc.) frontally in either fulllength or half-length, or religious scenes 

with two to three figures (Annunciation, 

Presentation, Descent into Hell, etc.) 

shown frontally or in three-quarter 

view. Intended for private use and close 

viewing. Wooden icons are made of one 

to three coniferous or deciduous 

wooden panels, joined together, 

prepared, covered with tempera paint 

(pigments ground in egg yolk), and 

finished with a transparent varnish. 

May be used in processions, altars, 

iconostases, or be free-standing. Size 

usually ranges from 20 cm to 2–3 m. 

This category also includes ritual and 

ceremonial vessels, such as donation 

bowls, jugs and pitchers for holy water, 

Easter baskets (paskivnyk), vessels used 

in wedding ceremonies (lembyk, 

perepiytsia), Jewish seder plates, and 

Hanukkah menorah. Lembyk drinking 

vessels often take human or animal 

forms. Jewish objects are frequently 

glazed and decorated with flowers, 

birds, and animal motifs. The category 

also includes tabernacles (kivot; 

sometimes resembling miniature 

architecture), seven-branched 

candlesticks, reliquaries, icon cases 

(kiot), processional icons (feretron), altar 

crosses, backdrop crosses, hand-held 

crosses used in benedictions, collection 

boxes (skarbnychka), and processional 

staffs (pateritsa, bakulus, pastoral). 

These objects frequently bear relief 

carvings, gilding, and symbolic 

ornamentation. Metal liturgical and 

ceremonial objects include chests or 

arks, tabernacles, reliquaries, small 

portable arks (pyxes), royal doors, metal 

covers for icon-painted surfaces (shata, 

ryza, oklad), book covers, fans on long 

handles (rypida), large hanging 

chandeliers (panikadylo), wall-mounted 

lighting fixtures that reflect candlelight 

in synagogues (reflectors), Hanukkah 

lamps, thuribles (kadylo), ritual boxes 

for storing Sabbath spices (bsamim), 

Torah crowns, Torah shields (tas), small 

boxes for storing Torah scrolls 

(mezuzah), Torah pointers, chalices 

(potyr), Eucharistic plates (diskoi), 

metal arches to cover diskoi (stars), 

double-edged knives with short 

triangular blades (spears), clergymen’s 

headwear (miters), cross-reliquaries 

(encolpion), pectoral crosses, 

clergymen’s round-form insignia 

(panagia), and pastoral staffs (crosiers). 

These items were often made of bronze, 

copper, gold, or silver, adorned with 

precious stones, pearls, and enamels, 

and featured intricate decorations 

depicting religious scenes. Ceramic altar 

crosses sometimes imitate those of wood 

or metal, and sometimes adorn church 


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facades. This category also includes 

fragments of objects of the abovementioned types. 

4. Church Furniture and Fixtures— 

Including iconostases and altars, as well 

as their decorative frames, columns, 

cartouches, consoles, cornices, royal 

doors, and deacon’s doors. Component 

parts when installed in the context of 

churches may form multi-tiered 

ensembles and serve as the framing 

structures for painted icons. These are 

typically carved from softwood or 

hardwood, decorated with chalk gesso, 

gilding, silver gilding (vermeil), and 

colored lacquers. Stylized grapevines 

are the most frequently occurring 

decorative motif. This category also 

includes altar tables (prestol), protheses 

(proskomydiynik), canopies (kivoriy), 

anoloys (analoy), tetrapods (tetrapod), 

golgothas, tombs of the Lord, ambos 

(pulpits), thrones (synthronon), 

monastic benches (stasidias), pews, 

large chandeliers, and candelabrums of 

varying sizes. Most frequently carved 

from wood and embellished to a greater 

or lesser degree with reliefs, painting, 

and gilding. 

5. Religious Fabrics—Including 

Christian processional banners 

(horuhva), various liturgical service 

cloths, katasarka indittion, ilyton, 

antimension fabrics made with woodcut 

or copperplate printing techniques with 

relics sewn inside, antymins depicting 

the Burial of Christ, pokrivets, chalice 

and diskos coverings (vozdukh, plaat, 

pelena), decorative curtains such as 

those for the royal doors of iconostases 

(Katapetasmas), or those for covering a 

Torah ark (parokhet), decorative 

elements for synagogue curtains 

(lambrequin kaporets). Materials 

include velvet or homespun cloth, 

sometimes bearing embroidered or 

applique ́ icons, ornamental motifs, and 

religious scenes or symbolism, and 

knotted wool. Religious garments 

include vestments for priests, deacons, 

and bishops made of white, goldembroidered fabrics, miters, kippahs, 

yarmulkes, and prayer shawls (tallits) 

made of wool, cotton, silk, or linen. 

B. Architectural Elements—Objects in 

this category were produced by skilled 

craftspeople in a nonindustrial society, 

with materials often hand-carved and/or 

made from joined wood, modeled, 

formed, or painted. Architectural 

elements are found in stone, wood, 

ceramic, plaster or stucco, and other 

painted media used to decorate civic 

and religious architecture. Approximate 

date: 200–1917 C.E. 

1. Stone—Including capitals, 

balustrades and parapets, vases, 

lanterns, brackets or consoles, facade 

reliefs, mascarons (sculpted faces), and 

cartouches (scrolls, coats of arms). 

2. Wood—Including carved beams 

(svolok), carved doorways, balustrades, 

horse-head brackets (konyk), carved or 

painted window frames (lyshtvy), and 

shutters. May be adorned with symbolic 

carvings reflecting traditional Ukrainian 

styles. 

3. Ceramic and Terracotta—Including 

exterior decorative elements, pipes, roof 

coverings, chimneys, and echea 

(acoustic jars). More rarely, may include 

ceramic cupolas with crosses, capitals, 

bell towers, and other exterior 

decorations. Interior architectural 

elements include ceramic icon cases, 

altars, and iconostases, frequently 

decorated with techniques such as relief 

applique ́, stamping, engraving, and 

colorful glazes or underglaze painting, 

tiles for wall and floor cladding, and 

stoves. Thick wall tiles, especially from 

the Lviv and Chernihiv regions, feature 

underglaze painting, imitating Dutch 

tiles. Hutsul folk tiles depict everyday 

or military scenes, or vegetal and animal 

motifs rendered in dark outlines and 

underglaze painting (engobes) in green, 

yellow, and brown. Ichnia tiles bear 

white surfaces and bird motifs. 

4. Metal—Including bells and crosses 

on domes. Bells are hollow, pearshaped, with bronze, brass, gold, or 

silver alloy clappers. These are often 

decorated with relief friezes, figures of 

saints, dedicatory inscriptions, and 

coats of arms. Crosses vary in form and 

may be adorned with geometric patterns 

(e.g., wavy, bent rods), plant motifs, or 

smaller crosses. 

5. Glass—Including monumental 

mosaics and stained glass, colored 

stained glass found in domestic and 

religious settings, and small colored 

glass fragments (smalta) used in mosaics 

that bear ornamental, figural, or 

landscape scenes. 

C. Manuscripts, Written Documents, 

and Early Prints—Manuscripts, portions 

of manuscripts, and works on paper 

include handmade, handwritten, handillustrated and/or illuminated sheets, 

bound volumes and their bindings, 

manuscript books, and non-industrial 

print media. Includes fragments. 

Approximate date: 900–1917 C.E. 

Types include charters, bulls, 

autographs, and other paper artifacts; 

liturgical manuscripts, illuminated 

manuscripts, early printed books 

adorned with fabric, leather, and metal 

covers, and parchment. Early preindustrial centers of printing include 

Lviv, Ostrih, Derman, Pochaiv, and 

Kyiv. Prints include woodcuts, 

engravings, etchings, and lithographs. 

These may feature images of Jesus 

Christ, the Virgin Mary, saints, and 

religious feast scenes, sometimes 

illuminated with watercolors. 

D. Ethnological Paintings—Paintings 

were made by artists who progressed 

from traditional icon painters, using 

similar techniques, hand mixing paints, 

and trained in workshops as apprentices 

to masters of the craft. Approximate 

date: 1700–1917 C.E. 

1. Icon Paintings on Glass—A popular 

form of folk art especially in the 

nineteenth and early twentieth 

centuries, Hutsulshchyna, Bukovyna, 

and Pokuttya ethnographic regions; 

notable for their bright colors and rich 

floral ornamentation. 

2. Paper Cutouts—This category also 

includes paper cutouts, another type of 

folk art. These objects are created by 

cutting forms from paper or thin 

cardboard and were used in interior 

decoration mainly in the nineteenth and 

early twentieth centuries. 

E. Military Material—Military 

material was made by skilled 

metalworkers and armorers, 

traditionally working out of a small 

shop or house—or as employed by an 

imperial authority—using the same 

hand-striking process to produce 

weapons and armor. Approximate date: 

1700–1917 C.E. Including standards 

(bunchuk), maces (pernach), including 

but not limited to those with metal 

spikes (buzdyhan), and those with 

wooden or metal handles, sometimes 

decorated with precious stones, 

horsehair, and gold spherical 

ornaments; sabers, axes (bartka), knives, 

battle hammers bearing a sharp iron 

hook attached to a thin handle, pistols, 

and rifles. Sabers may be decorated with 

valuable materials such as ivory and 

gold, and intricate designs. Hutsul 

bartkas (shepherd’s axes) consist of long 

wooden handles adorned with 

geometric patterns using embossing, 

engraving, and inlay techniques. The 

Crimean Tatars’ axe (ay balta) consists 

of heavily-ornamented, crescent-shaped 

blades. Pistols and rifles, especially 

ceremonial ones, feature detailed 

decorations with engraving, niello, and 

inlays. 

F. Traditional Folk Clothing and 

Textiles—Traditional folk clothing and 

textiles were handwoven and sewn by 

members of guilds, operating in small 

businesses run out of weavers’ homes. 

Approximate date: 1700–1917 C.E. 

1. Traditional Textiles—Including 

woven or knotted woolen carpets with 

floral motifs, tapestries, gold-woven 

products that adorned the walls of 

magnates’ rooms (makata), pile carpets 

made on vertical looms (kots), 

rectangular fabrics made of coarse wool, 

initially woven on a horizontal loom as 

smooth double-sided carpets (lizhnyk), 


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73288 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 

fabric for covering beds, woven on a 

horizontal loom with plain or twill 

weave from hemp or linen threads 

(vereta), and other domestic textiles, 

embroidered (rushnyks) or bearing 

hand-printed ornamental motifs. 

2. Folk Clothing—Including items 

from the Hutsul regions and Carpathian 

regions such as fur coats made from 

sable, lynx, and fox fur (shuba), 

protective vests with sewn-on metal 

plates (kuyak), sleeveless leather cloaks 

made from fur and lined with satin 

(vilchura), fur hats (kuchma), wide belts 

with up to six buckles with rich metal 

de ́cor (cheres), small bags (tabivka), and 

narrow bags for arrows (sahaidak, 

kolchan). Other garments include 

embroidered shirts, waist garments, 

wide-cut pants, narrow trousers, upper 

garments, jackets, belts, aprons, (all of 

which may be made of woolen fabric, 

sometimes dyed red or black), 

sometimes richly embroidered or 

brocaded. Embroidered fabrics bear 

regionally unique decorative and color 

schemes. 

a. Garments of the Cossack type are 

sewn from long panels (kaftans, 

zhupans). Items may be made of red, 

gold-woven, gray, or blue cloth, or silk, 

with velvet, brocade, or fur details. 

Outer garments include coats made of 

sheepskin (kobenyak), cloth coats lined 

with cotton with fur (bekesha), or loosecut coats with slit elbow sleeves (delia). 

Wide belts are made of gold-woven 

fabric, often highly embellished. 

b. Crimean Tatar costume includes 

wide trousers (don, duman), wide-cut 

shirts, striped silk dress-coats, linen 

shirts (colmek-keten), vests (bagr-elek), 

jackets (marka), kamzols, eastern-style 

coats (anteri, havtani), sleeveless leather 

coats, and various types of trousers. 

These garments are often decorated with 

braids, cords, lace, and unique 

handmade buttons. 

3. Leather Footwear—Including 

footwear made of thick cow or pig 

rawhide (postoly) or Moroccan leather 

in various colors (sapyantsi), low-heeled 

women’s shoes (cherevyky), and 

Crimean Tatar soft-soled boots of yellow 

or black leather (mest). 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This regulation involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 

Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory 

Planning and Review), as amended by 

Executive Order 14094 (Modernizing 

Regulatory Review), and 13563 

(Improving Regulation and Regulatory 

Review) direct agencies to assess the 

costs and benefits of available regulatory 

alternatives and, if regulation is 

necessary, to select regulatory 

approaches that maximize net benefits 

(including potential economic, 

environmental, public health and safety 

effects, distributive impacts, and 

equity). Executive Order 13563 

emphasizes the importance of 

quantifying costs and benefits, reducing 

costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting 

flexibility. CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 because it 

pertains to a foreign affairs function of 

the United States, as described above, 

and therefore is specifically exempted 

by section 3(d)(2) of Executive Order 

12866 and, by extension, Executive 

Order 13563. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended by the 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act of 1996, requires an agency 

to prepare and make available to the 

public a regulatory flexibility analysis 

that describes the effect of a proposed 

rule on small entities (i.e., small 

businesses, small organizations, and 

small governmental jurisdictions) when 

the agency is required to publish a 

general notice of proposed rulemaking 

for a rule. Since a general notice of 

proposed rulemaking is not necessary 

for this rule, CBP is not required to 

prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis 

for this rule. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of the 

Secretary’s delegate) to approve 

regulations related to customs revenue 

functions. 

Troy A. Miller, the Senior Official 

Performing the Duties of the 

Commissioner, having reviewed and 

approved this document, has delegated 

the authority to electronically sign this 

document to the Director (or Acting 

Director, if applicable) of the 

Regulations and Disclosure Law 

Division for CBP, for purposes of 

publication in the Federal Register. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendments to the CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read as 

follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 

(General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624. 

* * * * * 

Sections § 12.104 through 12.104i also 

issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, the table in paragraph 

(b) is amended by adding Ukraine to the 

list in alphabetical order to read as 

follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

*******

Ukraine ............. Archaeological material of Ukraine ranging in date from approximately the Paleolithic period (c. 1.4 million years ago) through 1774 C.E., and ethnological material of Ukraine ranging in date from approximately 200 C.E. to 1917 C.E.

CBP Dec. 24–16. 

* * * * * * * 


khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 73289 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Approved: 

Aviva R. Aron-Dine 

Acting Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 

for Tax Policy. 

[FR Doc. 2024–20385 Filed 9–9–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

Coast Guard 

33 CFR Part 165 

[Docket Number USCG–2024–0705] 

RIN 1625–AA00 

Safety Zone; Key West Paddleboard 

Classic, Key West, FL 

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. 

ACTION: Temporary final rule. 

SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is 

establishing a temporary safety zone on 

the waterways surrounding Key West, 

Florida, during the 27th Annual Key 

West Paddle Classic event. The safety 

zone is necessary to ensure the safety of 

event participants and spectators from 

potential hazards associated with this 

event. Entry of vessels or persons into 

this zone is prohibited unless 

specifically authorized by the Captain of 

the Port (COTP) Key West or a 

designated representative. 

DATES: This rule is effective from 7 a.m. 

until 5 p.m. on September 28, 2024. 

ADDRESSES: To view documents 

mentioned in this preamble as being 

available in the docket, go to https://

www.regulations.gov, type USCG–2024– 

0705 in the search box and click 

‘‘Search.’’ Next, in the Document Type 

column, select ‘‘Supporting & Related 

Material.’’ 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If 

you have questions about this rule, call 

or email Lieutenant Hailye Wilson, 

Waterways Management Division Chief, 

Sector Key West, FL, U.S. Coast Guard; 

telephone 305–292–8768; email 

Hailye.M.Wilson@uscg.mil. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Table of Abbreviations 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

DHS Department of Homeland Security 

FR Federal Register 

NPRM Notice of proposed rulemaking 

§ Section 

U.S.C. United States Code 

II. Background Information and 

Regulatory History 

The Coast Guard is issuing this 

temporary rule under authority in 5 

U.S.C. 553(b)(B). This statutory 

provision authorizes an agency to issue 

a rule without prior notice and 

opportunity to comment when the 

agency for good cause finds that those 

procedures are ‘‘impracticable, 

unnecessary, or contrary to the public 

interest.’’ The Coast Guard finds that 

good cause exists for not publishing a 

notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) 

with respect to this rule because the 

Coast Guard did not receive the final 

details from the event sponsor that the 

annual Key West Paddle Classic event 

will be held on September 28, 2024. The 

Coast Guard has an existing safety zone 

for this event in 33 CFR 165.786, table 

to § 165.786, Item No. 4.1; however, the 

existing regulation only covers the event 

when it is scheduled on the last 

weekend of April. The Coast Guard 

lacks sufficient time to provide a 

reasonable comment period and then 

consider those comments before issuing 

the rule. It is impracticable and contrary 

to the public interest to delay issuing 

this rule because it is necessary to 

protect the safety of participants, 

spectators, the public, and vessels 

transiting the waters adjacent to Key 

West, FL. 

Also, under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the 

Coast Guard finds that good cause exists 

for making this rule effective less than 

30 days after publication in the Federal 

Register. Delaying the effective date of 

this rule would be impracticable and 

contrary to the public interest because 

immediate action is needed to respond 

to the potential safety hazards 

associated with this event. 

III. Legal Authority and Need for Rule 

The Coast Guard is issuing this rule 

under the authority in 46 U.S.C. 70034. 

The Captain of the Port Key West 

(COTP) has determined that potential 

hazards associated with open water 

swim events will be a safety concern for 

persons and vessels in the regulated 

area. This rule is needed to ensure the 

safety of the event participants, the 

general public, vessels and the marine 

environment in the navigable waters 

within the safety zone during the 27th 

Annual Key West Paddle Classic paddle 

board event. 

IV. Discussion of the Rule 

This rule establishes a safety zone 

from 7 a.m. through 5 p.m. on 

September 28, 2024. The safety zone 

will cover all navigable waters within 

50 yards in front of the lead safety 

vessel preceding the first event 

participants, 50 yards behind the safety 

vessel trailing the last event 

participants, and at all times extend 100 

yards on either side of safety vessels. 

The event course begins at Higgs Beach 

in Key West, Florida, moves west to the 

area offshore of Fort Zachary Taylor 

Historic State Park, north through Key 

West Harbor, east through Fleming Key 

Cut, south through Cow Key Channel, 

and west returning back to Higgs Beach, 

in Key West, FL. Approximately 100 

paddle boarders and six safety vessels 

are anticipated to participate in the 

paddle board event. The duration of the 

safety zone is intended to protect 

personnel, vessels, and the marine 

environment in these navigable waters 

during the paddle board event. No 

vessel or person will be permitted to 

enter the safety zone without obtaining 

permission from the COTP or a 

designated representative. 

V. Regulatory Analyses 

We developed this rule after 

considering numerous statutes and 

Executive orders related to rulemaking. 

Below we summarize our analyses 

based on a number of these statutes and 

Executive orders, and we discuss First 

Amendment rights of protestors. 

A. Regulatory Planning and Review 

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 

direct agencies to assess the costs and 

benefits of available regulatory 

alternatives and, if regulation is 

necessary, to select regulatory 

approaches that maximize net benefits. 

This rule has not been designated a 

‘‘significant regulatory action,’’ under 

section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866, as 

amended by Executive Order 14094 

(Modernizing Regulatory Review). 

Accordingly, this rule has not been 

reviewed by the Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB). 

This regulatory action determination 

is based on the location, duration, and 

time-of-day of the safety zone. This rule 

involves a safety zone that will prohibit 

persons and vessels from entering, 

transiting through, anchoring in, or 

remaining within a limited area on the 

navigable waters of Key West, Florida, 

during a paddle board event lasting nine 

hours. Although persons and vessels 

may not enter, transit through, anchor 

in, or remain within the zone without 

authorization from the COTP or a 

designated representative, they will be 

able to safely transit around this safety 

zone. Moreover, the Coast Guard will 

issue a Broadcast Notice to Mariners via 

VHF–FM marine channel 16 about the 

zone, and the rule will allow vessels to 

seek permission to enter the zone. 


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