[Cite as State v. Foster, 2013-Ohio-1174.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION 

No. 98224 

STATE OF OHIO

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

vs. 

TRAVIS S. FOSTER

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT

 JUDGMENT: 

AFFIRMED

Criminal Appeal from the 

Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas 

Case Nos. CR-537281, CR-542068, 

CR-543148, and CR-544799 

BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and E.T. Gallagher, J. 

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 28, 2013 
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Susan J. Moran 

55 Public Square 

Suite 1616 

Cleveland, Ohio 44113-1901 

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Timothy J. McGinty 

Cuyahoga County Prosecutor 

By: Stephanie L. Lingle 

Assistant County Prosecutor 

The Justice Center, 9th Floor 

1200 Ontario Street 

Cleveland, Ohio 44113 
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.: 

{¶1} Defendant-appellant Travis S. Foster appeals his sentence. For the 

following reasons, we affirm. 

{¶2} The present case concerns Foster’s sentencing in four separate cases in 

which he entered guilty pleas. In Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-537281, Foster pleaded guilty 

to attempted trafficking in drugs in violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2925.03. In 

CR-542068, Foster pleaded guilty to trafficking in drugs in violation of R.C. 

2925.03(A)(1). In CR-543148, Foster pleaded guilty to attempted assault in violation of 

R.C. 2923.02 and 2903.13 and intimidation of a crime victim or witness in violation of 

R.C. 2921.04(B). Finally in CR-544799, Foster pleaded guilty to intimidation in 

violation of R.C. 2921.03(A). 

{¶3} On February 28, 2011, the trial court sentenced Foster in CR-537281 to a 

jail term of 6 months. In CR-542068, Foster was sentenced to a prison term of 12 

months. In CR-543148, Foster was sentenced to a prison term of 12 months on the 

attempted assault charge and 2 years on the intimidation of a crime victim or witness 

charge. In CR-544799, Foster was sentenced to a prison term of 2 years. The trial 

court ordered that the prison terms for each count in CR-544799, CR-543148 and 

CR-537281 be served consecutively to each other for a cumulative prison term of 6 

years. 

{¶4} On May 9, 2012, this court granted Foster’s motion for a delayed appeal. 
Foster asserts the following sole assignment of error: 

Assignment of Error I 

The trial court abused its discretion by sentencing the appellant to 

consecutive sentences in violation of the appellant’s Fifth Amendment 

right to due process. 

{¶5} Since Foster was sentenced in February 2011, which was prior to the 

September 30, 2011 effective date of H.B. 86, we apply the two-step approach for 

reviewing felony sentences set forth by the Ohio Supreme Court in State v. Kalish, 120 

Ohio St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124. First, we must determine whether a 

sentence is contrary to law. Id. Then, if the sentence was not contrary to law, we 

review to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion in selecting sentences 

within the range permitted by statute. Id. at ¶ 17. 

{¶6} In State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d 470, the 

Ohio Supreme Court held that trial courts “have full discretion to impose a prison 

sentence within the statutory range and are no longer required to make findings or give 

their reasons for imposing maximum, consecutive, or more than the minimum 

sentences.” Id. at ¶ 100. The Kalish court declared that although Foster eliminated 

mandatory judicial fact-finding, it left R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12 intact. Kalish at ¶ 13. 

As a result, the trial court must still consider these statutes when imposing a sentence. 

Id., citing State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d 54, 2006-Ohio-855, 846 N.E.2d 1. 

{¶7} Here, Foster concedes that his sentence is not contrary to law in that it is 

within the permissible statutory range and that the trial court considered the applicable 
factors and principles contained in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12. Indeed, the transcript of 

Foster’s sentencing hearing and the trial court’s sentencing entry reflect that the court 

considered all required factors of law. Instead, Foster argues under the second prong of 

Kalish that the trial court abused its discretion in applying the factors in R.C. 2929.11 

and 2929.12 to his case and imposing consecutive sentences. An “‘abuse of discretion’ 

connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court’s attitude is 

unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 

217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983), quoting State v. Adams, 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 

N.E.2d 144 (1980). 

{¶8} R.C. 2929.11(A) provides that when a trial court sentences an offender for 

a felony conviction, it must be guided by the “overriding purposes of felony sentencing.” 

 Those purposes are “to protect the public from future crime by the offender and others 

and to punish the offender.” R.C. 2929.11(B) requires a felony sentence to be 

reasonably calculated to achieve the purposes set forth under R.C. 2929.11(A), 

commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the crime and its impact on 

the victim and consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes committed by similar 

offenders. R.C. 2929.12 provides a nonexhaustive list of factors a trial court must 

consider when determining the seriousness of the offense and the likelihood that the 

offender will commit future offenses. 

{¶9} In the present case, the trial court incorporated into the record a detailed 

presentence investigation report (“PSI”). With respect to the seriousness of Foster’s 
offenses, the PSI references police reports of Foster’s encounters with law enforcement 

in these cases. The PSI indicated that Foster, pursued on foot by Cleveland Police 

officers, kicked a fence causing an exposed nail to puncture an officer’s knee 

necessitating treatment at MetroHealth Medical Center. The PSI further indicates that 

Foster, on another occasion, told officers he was familiar with them, would find out 

where they live and kill them and their families. A letter from one of the arresting 

officers referenced by the trial judge at sentencing, and contained in the record, reiterates 

the PSI’s description of the personal threats to the officers and their families. 

{¶10} The trial court additionally noted Foster’s extensive juvenile and criminal 

history, including “robberies, assaults, vandalisms, assault on a police dog, obstructing of 

official business, driving under the influence, aggravated menacing, felonious assault, 

resisting arrest” stretching from 1998 to the present. The PSI reported that Foster, age 25, 

had accumulated “eight juvenile convictions, four prior felony convictions and numerous 

misdemeanor convictions in local area courts.” The PSI indicates that Foster violated 

several prior community control sanctions resulting in periods of incarceration. 

{¶11} On the day of sentencing, Foster cited his drug addiction as the source of 

his criminal troubles. However, during his interview for the PSI, Foster denied having a 

drug or alcohol problem and maintained that he did not need treatment as part of his 

sentence. The record indicates that Foster previously had been placed into in-patient 

drug treatment programs by the court in 2007 and 2009. 

{¶12} Based on these facts, we do not find that Foster’s sentence was 
unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. 

{¶13} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled. 

{¶14} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed. 

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed. 

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said lower court to carry this 

judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having been affirmed, any bail 

pending appeal is terminated. The case is remanded to the trial court for execution of 

sentence. 

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of 

the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

 

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE 

FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and 

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR