# Appendix C

New York State On-Road

Motor Vehicle Emission Budget

MOVES Technical Support Documentation

Prepared by:

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Division of Air Resources

Bureau of Air Quality Planning

Mobile Source Section2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED

2.1 VMT (HPHSVTypeVMT Table)

2.2 RoadType Distribution Table

2.3 Vehicle Mix

2.4 Hour VMT Fraction

2.5 Day VMT Fraction

2.6 Month VMT Fraction

2.7 References

3.0 RAMP FRACTION TABLE

4.0 AVERAGE SPEED DISTRIBUTION TABLE

5.0 FUEL DATA

5.1 Fuel Supply Table

5.2 Fuel Formulation Table

5.3 Stage II Refueling

5.4 References

6.0 METEOROLOGICAL DATA (ZoneMonthHour Table)

6.1 Temperature

6.2 Relative Humidity

7.0 Inspection/Maintenance Progr am (IMCoverage Table)

8.0 LEV PROGRAMS3 8.1 References

9.0 MILEAGE ACCUMULATION RATE

9.1 References

10.0 SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

11.0 DECODING TH E NYSDMV DATABASE

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Starting Point

11.3 Fuel Types (Alternative V ehicle and Fuel Technologies Table)

11.4 -11.11 Source (Vehicle Type) Population

12.0 QA/QC4 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

1 DVMT INVENTORY (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)

2 1995 NPTS TIME OF DAY, TRIP AND SPEED ANALYSIS (AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST)

3 SPEED METHODOLOGY MEMO FROM NYSDOT

4 SPEED TABLES

5 IMPROVING AIR QUALITY MODELS IN NEW YORK STATE: UTILITY OF THE 1995 NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY

6 MILEAGE ACCUMULATION RATES

7 NYSDOT SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT MEMO

8 SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FUNCTIONAL GROUP TABLE

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

FIGURES

10-1 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 30

10-2 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 40

10-3 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 60

TABLES

2.1 Hourly VMT Fraction Assignments 2007

4.1 Average Speed Distr ibution Assignment 2007

5.1 Fuel Sample Data and Selected Fuel Formulations for New York Counties 2007

5.2 New York State Fuel Supply Assignments

6.1 New York State met eorological data assignments fo r county input files 2007

11.1 Sample Sorting Table5 TABLES cont’d

11.2 Snapshot of NYSDMV Database

11.3 Thirteen Source Types

11.4 NYSDMV Body Type Decoder

11.5 NYSDMV Fuel Tables

11.6 MOVES Fuel Types

11.7 Motorcycles

11.8 Passenger Cars

11.9 Light Commercial Trucks

11.10 Bus Registration Types

11.11 Bus Fuel Types

11.12 Bus Reapportion by Registration and Color

11.13 Single Unit Short-Haul Trucks

11.14 Motor Homes

11.15 Combination Long-Haul Trucks6 

## 1.0 Introduction

In early 2010, the U.S. En vironmental Protection Agen cy (EPA) releas ed the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (M OVES). MOVES is used to calc ulate average in-use fleet emission factors for a wide vari ety of on-road vehicle types, model years, and pollutants. The MOVES model represents a major change from EPA’s MOBILE 6 emission factor model released in 2002. This latest ve rsion differs significant ly from previous ve rsions in the type and quantity of data (both required and optional) that the model is capable of utilizing.

MOVES includes default values for most inputs; however, us ing these default values gives results that are designed to reflect natio nal average values. In order to produce results that give more represent ative estimates of local emission s it is necessary to provide MOVES with appropriate local inputs. This doc ument outlines the sources of these local inputs and provides references , where necessary, with even more detailed information.



## 2.0 Vehicle Miles Traveled

2.1 VMT (HPMSVtypeVMT Table)

MOVES requires annual, count y-level VMT by HPMS Vehicle type for each county input table. The following discu ssion describes the development of this information.

The Planning and Strategy Group of the Ne w York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) developed the Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) data used to calculate the emissions for the on-road mobile inventory. The NYSDOT uses their submittal of the US Department of Transpor tation’s Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) VMT as the basis for dev eloping county-level , grouped functional class VMT estimates. This process is described in more detail in the NYSDOT report ”Estimated County Level Vehicle Miles of Tr avel,” of April 1, 1989 and updated in an April 27, 1992 memo, both authored by Nathan Earlbaum of NYSDOT. These documents are labeled as Atta chment 1 to this docum ent and are available upon request.

A new 2007 Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled (DVMT) inventory was constructed by NYSDOT to provide DVMT estimate s by county, geographi c component (urban, small urban, and rural) and grouped functional class. In additi on, functional class shares are provided to expand t he DVMT to more specific functional classes. The DVMT inventory is updated on a conti nuous cycle every three years. The methodology employed to develop the 2007 DV MT inventory remains the same as documented in the Radian Report, NYS 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor On-Road Mob ile Source Inventory , Final Report March 1993, Appendix B: Background Docume ntation for the Development of VMT Estimates.7 Future years are linearly forecast using all available data star ting from 1981 to determine the slope.

DVMT by county and by gr ouped functional class are multiplied by functional class shares to expand the DVMT to the 12 functional classes. The by-functional class DVMT is then multiplied by seasonal adjustment factors and the number of days per month to get the annual VMT by functional class. The seasonal adjustment factors are also supplied by the NYSDOT. For more in formation on the seasonal adjustment factors see Section 10.0 Seasonal Adjustment Factors. Next, the annual VMT by functional class is summed over geographic component to get the annual county-level VMT by functional class. Annual VMT by functional class is then aggregated to MOVES road type. In order to fit th e new MOVES framework, Functional Class 01 becomes Rural Restrict ed, classes 02, 06, 07, 08, & 09 become Rural Unrestricted, classes 11 and 12 are Ur ban Restricted and cl asses 14, 16, 17, & 19 become Urban Unrestricted. The next step is to apply the vehicle mix by MOVES source type and road ty pe to the annual VMT by road ty pe. This will yield the annual VMT by MOVES Road type and S ource type which is th en summed over MOVES road type. Development of vehi cle mix is discussed in sect ion 2.3 below. Finally, the resulting annual VMT by MOVES source ty pe is aggregated to HP MS vehicle type which is then used to populate the county-level HPMSVType VMT tables.



## 2.2 RoadTypeDistribution Table

The road type distribution tabl e contains the fraction of VMT allocated to each MOVES road type fo r each vehicle type. This info rmation is calc ulated during the above HPMS vehicle type VMT process. Once the annual VMT by MOVES Road type and Source type is developed the fraction of VMT allocat ed to each road type is calculated. This is done at the county level.



## 2.3 Vehicle Mix

The vehicle mix for each of the 11 NYSD OT regions in New York State are used to produce the by vehicle type VMT. Vehicle types are th e 13 Use Types and 6 Fuel Types that are used by MOVES. The main objective of the process is to create a separate, distinct (where ju stified) vehicle mix for each of the four roadway types used in MOVES.

Ideally, sufficient roadway survey data would exist to characterize the vehicle mix reliably into the level of detail required by MOVES. In reality, data from roadway surveys is available by 6 roadway types by only three broad v ehicle categories. These categories, called Federal Highw ay Administration (FHWA) vehicle8 classifications, or the FHWA “F” scheme (of which there are thirteen, i.e. f1 to f13, characterized by axle count and tractor/trailer combinat ions), are traditionally consolidated down to three by NYSDOT bec ause of sample size concerns. The three categories provided are a combined f1 & f2 that represents motorcycles and light duty vehicles, f3 which is currently considered by Ne w York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) to be all LDT3 and LDT4 (in the EPA MOBILE6 scheme of vehicle ty pes), and f4 thru f13 lumped as a single aggregate count representing all hea vy duty vehicles. In order to expand these 3 broad categories into the 13 vehicle types of the MOVES framewor k, data from other sources, namely New Yo rk State Department of Motor Vehicles (NYSDMV) registrations along with NYSDOT and EPA mileage accumulations , are used to create the requisite vehicle mixes.

The process used by NYSDEC to gener ate a vehicle mix is a three-step process. The first step ut ilizes NYSDMV registration data resulting in counts of vehicles registered on or around July 1 st of the analysis year . The process of obtaining and refining this registration data is outlined in Section 11.0 Decoding the NYSDMV Database. This process yields vehicle populations for the thirteen MOVES vehicle types for each of the 62 counties in New York State (NYS). The county counts are aggregated to el even NYSDOT regions.

Registration-based counts, while re latively easy to assemble, do not adequately represent the mi x of vehicles on various roadway types. This is because certain vehicle types drive many more miles than others. In an attempt to compensate for this, the next step is to take the thirt een vehicle type categories, subdivide each category fu rther by vehicle age, and then apply an adjustment (weighting factor) based on mileage accu mulation. The EPA mileage accumulation data for cars and light trucks are supplem ented by NYS-specific results from the National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). This step is detailed in Section 9.0 Mileage Accumulation Rate.

The third step of the NYSDEC process uses the ‘intermediate vehicle mix’ to adjust the roadway classifi cation counts developed by NYSDOT and provided as the three groupings of the FHWA “Scheme F” classification system discussed earlier. The ‘intermediate vehicle mix’ is applied to these three axle count groups, yielding a vehicle mix for the thirte en MOVES vehicle types.



## 2.4 Hour VMT Fraction Table

Hourly VMT fractions are developed for 26 specific regions (counties) through analysis of the 1995 NPTS by NYSDOT. The NPTS Time of Day graphs are contained in a document labeled as Attachme nt 2 which is available upon request. Hourly VMT fraction assignments are shown in table 2.1 below.9 Hourly VMT Fraction Profile Counties

Albany Albany
Bronx Bronx
Broome Broome Chemung Chemung
Dutchess Dutchess
Erie Erie Kings Kings
Monroe Monroe
Nassau Nassau
New York New York Niagara Niagara Oneida Oneida Onondaga Onondaga Orange Orange
Putnam Putnam Queens Queens Rensselaer Rensselaer
Richmond Richmond
Rockland Rockland Saratoga Saratoga Schenectady Schenectady
Suffolk Suffolk Tompkins Tompkins
Warren Warren Washington Washington
Westchester Westchester Remainder Remaining counties in state

Table 2.1 ‐ Hourly VMT Fraction Assignments 2007



## 2.5 Day VMT Fraction Table

NYSDEC utilizes a uniform allocation of VMT over all days of the week for all counties and as such p opulated the Day VMT fracti on table accordingly.



## 2.6 Month VMT Fraction Table

Monthly VMT fractions are developed based on the seasonal adjustment factors described in section 10.



## 2.7 References10 1 .Estimated County Level Vehicle Miles of Travel . Erlbaum, Nathan S., New York State Department of Transportation, Planning Div ision. April 1, 1989

2. “Estimation of Vehicle Miles of Travel for 1990, by County and Functional Class and Method Documentati on”. Memorandum from Erlb aum, Nathan S., Traffic Monitoring Section to Cioffi, G., Office of the Commissioner, New York State Department of Transportation. April 27, 1992 pp. 1 to 5. (APPENDIX B of Radian Report listed below)

3. New York State 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor OnRoad Mobile Source Inventory. Radian Corporation. March 1993, revised by NYSDEC on April 1993.



### 3.0 

## Ramp Fraction Table

The ramp fraction table allows for the input of specific ramp driving times for the restricted access road types. Ne ither NYSDEC nor NYSDOT is in possession of ramp VMT or speed data, so the default value 0. 08 (8%) was used for all counties.


## 4.0 Average Speed Distribution Table

The Planning Division of the NYSDOT dev eloped speed estimates for air quality modeling in 1994. Speeds were computed th rough a number of steps detailed in a 1994 report copied and included as Attachment 3. Speeds were developed for 15 areas, some as small as a single county, thr oughout the state along with each of the 12 possible functional classes and 4 time periods (M orning, Daytime, Evening, and Nighttime). The resulting speeds are contained in 6 tabl es which have been included as Attachment 4. A weighted average using 2007 VMT was used to determi ne the new speeds fo r each of the 4 roadways in MOVES. Table 4.1below shows the speed dist ribution assignments for New York counties.11 Speed Distribution Counties
Capital District Albany, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady & Saratoga Syracuse Onondaga, Oswego & Jefferson Rochester Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, & Wayne Counties
Buffalo Erie & Niagara

Rest of State Remaining Upstate Counties

Putnam Putnam
Westchester Westchester
Rockland Rockland

Bronx Bronx
New York New York
Queens Queens Kings Kings
Richmond Richmond

Nassau Nassau
Suffolk Suffolk Table 4.1 Average Speed Distribution Assignment 2007



## 5.0 Fuel Data

5.1 Fuel Supply Table

New York State uses two types of gasoline: eastern conventional gasoline for upstate counties and reformulated gasoline for the NY Metropolitan area including Putnam and Orange counties. In 1990 NYSDEC conducted a fuel sampling program. The results of this su rvey are provided in the New York State 1990 Base Year Carbon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor On-Road Mobile Source Inventory Appendix D.3. Based on the results of this survey, fuel formulations were selected from the default table which closely matched the sample data. Formulations were also se lected to take into account the lower sulfur content of diesel fuel mandated by the Federal Highway Diesel rule implemented in late 2006. Table 5.1 includes the fuel sample data for conventional and reformulated gasoline and t he selected fuel formulations used to populate the fuel supply table for each of the county input files. The fuel supply assignments for New York C ounties are shown in Table 5.2.12 Month RVP T10 T50 T90 Benzene Sulfur Oxygen E200 E300 (psi) (°F) (°F) (°F) (v%) (ppm) (wt%) (%E10) (%) (%)

January 13.1 109 158 315 0.62 20 3.8 70.6 86.2 February 12.6 111 158 316 0.69 35 3.8 70.6 86.0
March 12.4 111 158 312 0.63 32 3.7 70.6 86.9 April 10.4 120 181 315 0.57 31 3.3 59.3 86.2 May 7.3 135 206 315 0.42 28 3.5 47.0 86.2
June 6.9 136 211 319 0.41 29 3.6 44.6 85.4 July 6.9 136 209 316 0.36 35 3.6 45.6 86.0 August 6.9 135 208 311 0.30 32 3.6 46.1 87.1 September 7.1 134 207 313 0.29 35 3.6 46.6 86.7
October 10.6 117 169 306 0.34 25 3.7 65.2 88.2
November 12.4 113 162 309 0.37 42 3.8 68.6 87.6
December 12.7 113 165 312 0.41 48 3.7 67.1 86.9

Winter 12.64 111.4 160.2 312.8 0.544 35.40 3.76 69.5 86.7
Summer 7.02 135.2 208.2 314.8 0.356 31.80 3.58 46.0 86.3 Sprall 10.50 118.5 175.0 310.5 0.455 28.00 3.50 62.2 87.2

Formula RVP Benzene Sulfur E200 E300
8841 12.5864 0.5400 30 57.5155 92.3729
8519 7.01143 0.6857 30 51.8284 86.3126
8874 10.4738 0.5400 30 54.8602 92.5775

Month RVP T10 T50 T90 Benzene Sulfur Oxygen E200 E300 (psi) (°F) (°F) (°F) (v%) (ppm) (wt%) (%E10) (%) (%)

January 12.80 109 208 320 1.06 31 0.2 46.1 85.1 February 13.30 108 206 322 0.76 30 0.3 47.0 84.7
March 13.00 108 203 316 1.03 35 0.2 48.5 86.0 April 10.30 121 212 325 1.21 33 0.3 44.1 84.0 May 8.50 128 214 320 1.21 38 0.2 43.1 85.1
June 8.50 130 214 320 1.18 50 0.1 43.1 85.1 July 8.30 132 215 319 0.99 40 0.2 42.6 85.4 August 8.40 131 215 319 1.02 37 0.1 42.6 85.4 September 8.30 130 213 319 0.9 41 0.1 43.6 85.4
October 10.40 119 213 322 0.81 51 0 43.6 84.7
November 11.50 116 205 317 0.74 47 0.2 47.5 85.8
December 12.80 111 196 318 0.88 76 0.4 51.9 85.6

Winter 12.68 110.4 203.6 318.6 0.894 43.80 0.26 0.07 48.216 85.448
Summer 8.40 130.2 214.2 319.4 1.06 41.20 0.14 0.04 43.022 85.272 Sprall 10.35 120.0 212.5 323.5 1.01 42.00 0.15 0.04 43.855 84.37

Formula RVP Benzene Sulfur E200 E300
7788 12.7571 0.935 45.5725 53.9283 85.5086
7800 8.39143 1.085 45.5725 44.9932 84.0594
7962 10.3708 0.983333 42.4925 50.1003 87.2421 Table 5.1 Fuel Sample Data and Selected Fuel Formulations for New York Counties 2007
RFG Sample

RFG Formulas Used (Selected from FuelFormulation Table)

Conventional Gasoline Sample

Conventional Gasoline Formulas Used (Selected from FuelFormulation Table)13 Fuel

Reformulated

Eastern Conventional Counties

Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland,
Suffolk & Westchester

All Remaining Upstate Counties Table 5.2 New York State Fuel Supply Assignments



## 5.2 Fuel Formulation Table

MOVES contains a default fuel formulation table containing thousands of unique fuel formulations for gasoline and di esel fuel each with an assigned fuel formula ID. NYSDEC used this table as a s ource for selecting fuel formula ID’s to assign to the fuel samp ling data discussed above. 

## 5.3 Stage II Refueling

The Stage II Refueling pr ogram began for t he NYMA area in 1989. While refueling emissions are estimated us ing MOVES and the locally developed data described in this document, they are in cluded in the area source inventory.



## 5.4 References

1.New York State 1990 Base Year Car bon Monoxide and Ozone Precursor On-Road Mobile Source Inventory . Radian Corporation. March 1993, revised by NYSDEC on April 1993.



## 6.0 Meteorological Data
6.1 Surface Temperature

Surface meteorological data, incl uding temperature and dew point temperature for 2007, were obt ained from the National Clima tic Data Center for all available National Weather Service (NWS) offices and reporting stations across the state. Monthly aver age diurnal temperature and relati ve humidity were subsequently calculated for each dataset. Meteorological data was then selected for each county based on climatological represen tativeness and/or location of the available stations. If a county did not have a specif ic NWS office located in i t, data from a nearby office with similar meteorological conditions were used. Based on thes e considerations, a county assignment table (Table 6.1) was developed and used to populate the respective ZoneMonthHour tables for each county input file.14 County FIPS Code Synoptic
Station Code Airport Code Airport/Location

Albany 36001 725180 ALB Albany International Airport Allegany 36003 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport
Bronx 36005 725030 LGA LaGuardia Airport
Broome 36007 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport Cattaraugus 36009 725235 JHW Chautauqua County Airport Cayuga 36011 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport Chautauqua 36013 725235 JHW Chautauqua County Airport Chemung 36015 725156 ELM Elmira ‐ Corning Regional Airport Chenango 36017 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport
Clinton 36019 726170 BTV Burlington International Airport
Columbia 36021 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Cortland 36023 725155 ITH Tompkins County Delaware 36025 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport
Dutchess 36027 725036 POU Dutchess County Airport
Erie 36029 725280 BUF Buffalo/Niagara International Airport
Essex 36031 726170 BTV Burlington International Airport
Franklin 36033 726223 MSS Massena International Airport ‐ Richards Field
Fulton 36035 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Genesee 36037 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport
Greene 36039 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Hamilton 36041 726228 SLK Adirondack Regional Airport Herkimer 36043 725196 RME Griffiss AFB Jefferson 36045 726227 ART Watertown International Airport Kings 36047 744860 JFK John F Kennedy International Airport
Lewis 36049 743700 GTB Wheeler

‐ Sack Airfield | Great Bend Livingston 36051 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport
Madison 36053 725190 SYR Hancock International Airport
Monroe 36055 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport Montgomery 36057 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Nassau 36059 744864 FRG Farmindale ‐ Republic Field
New York 36061 725033 NYC Central Park Niagara 36063 725289 IAG Niagara Falls International Airport
Oneida 36065 725196 RME Griffiss AFB Onondaga 36067 725190 SYR Hancock International Airport
Ontario 36069 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport Orange 36071 725015 MGJ Orange County Airport
Orleans 36073 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport Oswego 36075 725146 FZY Oswego County Otsego 36077 725196 RME Griffiss AFB
Putnam 36079 725086 DXR Danbury Municipal Airport Queens 36081 725030 LGA LaGuardia Airport Rensselaer 36083 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Richmond 36085 725020 EWR Newark Airport
Rockland 36087 725037 HPN Westchester County Airport
St. Lawrence 36089 726223 MSS Massena International Airport ‐ Richards Field Saratoga 36091 725180 ALB Albany International Airport Schenectady 36093 725180 ALB Albany International Airport
Schoharie 36095 725180 ALB Albany International Airport Schuyler 36097 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport
Seneca 36099 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport
Steuben 36101 725156 ELM Elmira ‐ Corning Regional Airport Suffolk 36103 744865 FOK Suffolk County Airport
Sullivan 36105 725145 MSV Monticello Tioga 36107 725150 BGM Greater Binghamton Airport Tompkins 36109 725155 ITH Tompkins County Ulster 36111 725036 POU Dutchess County Airport
Warren 36113 725185 GFL Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport (Warren County Airport) Washington 36115 725185 GFL Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport (Warren County Airport) Wayne 36117 725290 ROC Monroe County Airport | Rochester Airport
Westchester 36119 725037 HPN Westchester County Airport Wyoming 36121 725157 ELZ Wellsville Municipal Airport
Yates 36123 725194 PEO Penn Yan Airport Table 6.1 New York State meteorological data assignments for county input files 200715 

### 6.2 Relative Humidity

The relative humidity data was calculat ed from hourly NWS observations that NYSDEC obtained from the National Climatic Data Center. Dew point observations for the same dates and locati ons that were used in tem perature calculations were also used to determine hourly relative humidity values. The calculation method assumed standard atmospheric pressure to determine saturation vapor pressure from the temperat ure and vapor pressure from the dew point. The vapor pressure divided by the saturation vapor pressure, multiplied by 100, equals relative humidity. Monthly average diurnal humid ity was then calcul ated from the ho urly values.



## 7.0 Inspection/Maintenance Program (IMCoverage Table)

In 2007, several Inspection and Maintenance programs were in e ffect across the state. Statewide, the New York Vehicle Inspection Progra m (NYVIP) was in effect and tested light duty gasoline vehi cles starting with the 1996 model year. This program included both evaporative and exhaust system on-board diagnostics (OBD) tests as well as a gas cap check. It gave vehicles that were 25 years and older an exemption and granted a grace period for vehicles 2 years old or newer. NYMA counties were also subject to the New York Transient Emissions Short Test (NYTEST) pr ogram which included an IM240 and an idle program for heavy duty gasoline vehicles. Both programs test ed vehicles starting with model year 1983. All program s also include a 30% stringency, 98% compliance rate and include a gas cap pressure test and no credit for technician training prog ram. A waiver rate of 2% for NYMA counties and 3% for upstate counties was used to calculate the Compliance factor for the MOVES I/M Coverage table.


## 8.0 Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Programs

Beginning in the 1990’s, a number of states chose to adopt California LEV standards in place of federal standards. The effects of these LEV standards are not included in the MOVES database. As a resu lt, EPA has created a separate input database for states adopting California LEV pr ogram regulations. The Californi a LEV input database provides a set of alternative volatile organic compound (VOC), carbon monoxi de (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) start and running emissions factors based of EPA and CARB analysis of LEV programs. The input database pr ovides rates from model year 1994 until model year 2050, including both the California L EV 1 and LEV 2 standards. These rates replace the rates in the default database for thes e particular pollutants.

EPA has provided a MySQL script along with the supplemental database to replace the emissions rates depending on when states adopt ed the LEV program. The use of this script and supplemental database are outlined in the EPA guidanc e document “Instructions for using LEV and National Low Emission V ehicle (NLEV) Inputs for MOVES”. NYSDEC16 followed this guidance and created the appropri ate supplemental data base called ny_lev and used it along with the other local inputs.



## 8.1 References

1. “Instructions for us ing LEV and NLEV Inputs for MOVES”, EPA-420- B-10-003a, August 2010, Assessment and Standards Division, EPA OTAQ, http://www.epa.gov/oms/m odels/moves/tools.htm



## 9.0 Mileage Accumulation Rate

Mileage accumulation rates were used in the development of the vehicle mix. The following section discusses the origins of these rates

Mileage Accumulation Rates for LDGV, LD DV, LDGT1, and LDGT2 were developed in conjunction with the NYSDOT . Mileage accumulation rates for motorcycles (MC) were carried over from MOBILE5 defaul t rates. All other vehicle type mileage accumulation rates are taken from the EPA’s Fleet C haracterization Data for MOBILE6

.
The NYSDOT used the vehicle file component of the NPTS to create annual mileage utilization rates for four light duty vehicle (LDV) types. Part of these vehicle files is an average annualized vehicle odometer reading fo r passenger vehicles. The NYSDOT report Improving Air Quality Models in New York State: Utility of the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey May 13, 1999, presented as Attach ment 5, goes in to more detail regarding the procedure used to cu rve fit New York specific data. This curve fitted data was then used to replace the nati onal data for LDGV, LDDV, LD GT1, and LDGT2. The New York specific mileage accumulation table is included as Attachment 6. These mileage accumulation rates were t hen applied to the MOVES vehicl e types where appropriate.

The report also illustrates the differences in New York and national curve fitted annual mileage accumulation data, specifically that while initial (first three years) mileage accumulation rates are lower for New York than the national average, older New York vehicles maintain higher mileage rates for longer periods of time. It is these significant differences that led to the dec ision to use New York specific data for these vehicle classes instead of using EPA recommended MOBILE6 defaul ts. These mileage accumulation rates were carried over from MOBILE5.



## 9.1 References

1. Fleet Characteriza tion Data for MOBILE6 . (EPA420-R-01-047), U.S. Environmental Protecti on Agency, Sept 2001.17 2. Improving Air Quality Models in New York State: Utility of the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey . New York State Department of Transportation, May 13, 1999. (Attachment 5)



## 10.0 Seasonal Adjustment Factors

The Planning Division of the NYSDOT devel ops seasonal adjustment factors in conjunction with their Annual Average Daily Traffi c (AADT) -based DVMT estimates. After consultation with NYSDOT Planning & Strate gy Group’s Data Analysis & Forecasting Section it was decided that the three available Factor Groups (FG30, FG40, FG60) be used where applicable throughout the St ate to more accura tely determine Ozone Season VMT in highly variable areas. Note that this is a c hange from previous modeling methodology that used FG30 (large urban ar ea) for all roadways in New York St ate. Attachment 7 is a March 28, 2003 memo from NYSDOT Planning & Strat egy Group with their recommendations, and Attachment 8 is a summary table of the spreadsheet referenced in the memo.

Further analysis (as shown in graphs on following pages) of the seasonal adjustment factors (SAF) indicated that each factor group’s va lues are relatively c onstant from year to year and that variations are within the range of samp ling errors. Due to this NYSDEC has decided to take the average SAF fo r each factor group and use that value for all years rather than change it every three ye ars. The graphs below show four lines, the annual ozone season factor for that functi onal group, plus one standard deviation, minus one standard deviation, and the average of the factors.18 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.200 1.250 1.300 1.350 1.400 1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002SAF

Year Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 30 (Slightly Seasonal)

+ 1 std FG30 - 1 std A verage 1.12 Average

Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 40
(Moderately Seasonal)

1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.200 1.250 1.300 1.350 1.400 1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 YearSAF

+ 1 std -1 std FG 40 average Average 1.16

Figure 10-2 Figure 10-119 Ozone Seasonal Adjustment Factor FG 60
(Highly Seasonal)

1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.200 1.250 1.300 1.350 1.400 1.450

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 YearSAF

+1 std -1 std FG 60 average Average 1.21



## 11.0 Decoding the NYSDMV database

11.1 Introduction

The MOVES model is different from previous EPA emissions models in that it is designed with a modular database structure. Now, when new data becomes available, it can easily be inco rporated into the model. In addition, MOVES allows easier importation of local data that is specific to a user's unique needs. However, these changes required a complete re-write of the modeling framework.

The MOVES model includes a “def ault” database that will produce summary emissions for the entire United St ates. While national level emission estimates will be adequate utilizing this dat abase, for many uses, up-to-date local inputs will be more appropriate, espec ially for analyses supporting State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and conformity determinations.

The first set of these local inputs ar e those that describe the local fleet. These inputs consist of Source Type (a .k.a. Vehicle Type) Age Distributions, Figure 10-320 Source Type Populations and Fuel Fracti ons. The two significant changes from MOBILE6 are the requirement for the number of vehicles (used to calculate start emissions) and the change from vehicle ty pes to source types. There are 13 different source types; however, the info rmation required to accurately count and classify all of them is not obtainable.

The next several pages step through the methodology used by the NYSDEC in sorting the 2007 NYSDMV Re gistration Database into the required vehicle inputs for MOVES. Table 11.1 provi des a sample of what the sorting table looks like. The complete table cont ains each of the State’s 62 counties and vehicle ages from 0 to 31+ wit h the Count column being the total of all vehicles of that type in that county regardless of age.

Table 11.1 Sample Sorting Table
County County Code Body Number Body_Type Count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 001 11 MC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 21 CAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 31 PTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 32 COMMTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 41 IBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 42 TBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 43 SBUS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 51 REFUSETRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 52 SUSHORTTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 53 SULONGTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 54 MH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 61 CSHORTTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 001 62 CLONGTRUCK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



## 11.2 Starting Point

The NYSDMV database that NYSDEC acquires each year contains the following data: VIN, NYSDMV Regist ration Type, County, Weight/Seating Capacity, Suspended Individual, NYSDMV B ody Type, Fuel Type, Vehicle Year, Make, and Color. In 2007 there were 11,137,009 records. Table 11.2 below provides a snapshot of one reco rd from that database.21 Table 11.2 Snapshot of NYSDMV Database

July2007RegData

VIN Reg Type County Wt/Seating Capacity Susp Ind Body Type Fuel Vehicle Year Make Color

4T1BE46K77U613161 16 41 003253 N 13 GAS 2007 TOYOT GY

These records now need to be distilled into the following 13 Source Types:

Table 11.3 Thirteen Source Types SourceTypeID SourceType Name SourceType Abbreviation 11 Motorcycle MC 21 Passenger Car CAR 31 Passenger Truck PTRUCK 32 Light Commercial Truck COMMTRUCK 41 Intercity Bus IBUS 42 Transit Bus TBUS 43 School Bus SBUS 51 Refuse Truck REFUSETRUCK 52 Single Unit Short-Haul Truck SUSHORTTRUCK 53 Single Unit Long-Haul Truck SULONGTRUCK 54 Motor Home MH 61 Combination Short-Haul Truck CSHORTTRUCK 62 Combination Long-Haul Truck CLONGTRUCK

The NYSDMV Body Type code is the most useful descriptor for sorting the various vehicle types into the MOVES Source Type ID’s provided above. Additional refinement of the vehicle c ount is accomplished by also using the registration, gross vehicle weight, and even the color (school busses) for allocating vehicle counts into the appropr iate MOVES vehicle categories.

The Body Type decoder in Table 11. 4 below, provided by NYSDMV, has 71 different body types listed. Sixty-one of the body types account for the 11,137,009 vehicles included in the July 2007 database. Only 36 body types represent vehicles to be processed and c onsidered for inclusion as an input for development of the on-road em ission inventory. The re moval of body types that contain invalid codes and types not considered to be on-road sources (267,252 records removed) results in 10,869, 757 vehicles considered for further processing.22 Table 11.4 NYSDMV Body Type Decoder Computer Body Type Count 01 Limited Use Vehicle – Sedan 02 Limited Use Mcy – A 03 Limited Use Mcy – B 04 Limited Use Mcy - A, B or C 05 Motorized Bicycle 06 Limited Use Mcy - A, B or C or Motorized 07 Limited Use Mcy – C 08 Police 09 Fire 677 10 Convertible 170,076 11 Sedan 29,737 12 Suburban 3,312,529 13 4 Door Sedan 4,492,050 14 2 Door Sedan 854,783 15 House on Wheels 29,384 18 All Terrain Vehicle 158,461 19 Motorcycle 300,322 20 Hearse-Invalid Comb. 112 21 Locomotive 8 22 Custom 143 23 Replica 14 30 Unknown Truck 31 Unknown Passenger 1 32 Minibike 33 Snowmobile 34 Other Off-Highway Vehicle 35 Bicyclist 36 Pedestrian 37 Other (Person) 38 Misc. Farm Vehicle 39 Ambulance 968 41 Power Shovel 11,477 42 Road Building Ma chine 12,457 43 Road Roller 1,281 44 Road Sweepers 4,847 45 Sand Spreader 1,642 46 Snow Plow 2,003 47 Snow Traveler 27 48 Snowmobile 1023 49 Traction Engine 217 50 Tractor Crane 1,000 Computer Body Type Count 51 Truck Crane 2,674 52 Small Wheel Truck 940 53 Well Driller 666 54 Well Servicing Rig 352 55 Feed Processing Machine 73 56 Mobile Car Crusher 111 57 Earth Mover 687 58 Tractor 38,733 59 8,280 60 Delivery Truck 22,226 61 Dump Truck 103,375 62 Flat Bed Truck 19,300 63 Pick-up Truck 1,034,553 64 Stake Truck 17,956 65 Tank Truck 9,849 66 Refrigerated Truck 3,461 67 Tow Truck 7,229 68 Van Truck 256,974 70 Utility Truck 51,049 71 Pole Trailer 4 80 Boat Trailer 139 81 House Trailer 44,329 82 /1 83 Semi-Trailer or Misc. 2,271 84 /1 85 Trailer 14,228 87 Light Trailer /2 4,097 90 Bus (Omnibus) 85,858 91 Limousine (Omnibus) 1,075 92 Hearse (Ambulance) 798 93 Taxi 12,073 94 Disable Commercial /3 693 95 Cement Mixer 1,693 96 Moped /4 4,482 97 Manufactured Home 98 Snowmobile 99 Low Speed Vehicle 2,548 *26, 69, 76 *Invalid Body Type codes found in 2007 724 

## 11.3 Fuel Types (Alternative Vehicle and Fuel Technologies Table)

The NYSDMV Database includes 8 diffe rent fuel codes. These codes are included in Table 11.5.

Table 11.5 NYSDMV Fuel Tables CODE DMV FUEL COUNT C CNG 2,601 D Diesel 425,980 E Electric 3,836 F Flex 2,709 G Gasoline 10,629,389 P Propane 478 O Other 1,236 U Unknown/Blank 70,780

The MOVES model has 6 possible fuel ty pes, these are listed in Table 11.6.

Table 11.6 MOVES Fuel Types FuelTypeID MOVES FUEL TYPE 1 Gasoline 2 Diesel 3 CNG 4 LPG (Propane) 5 Ethanol 6 7 8 9 Electric

For modeling purposes, vehicles identifie d as Flex fuel types will be added to the Gasoline counts, while vehicles wi th “Other” and “Unknown” fuel types will be discarded. Because ther e is no hybrid code in t he database hybrid vehicles cannot be counted individual ly and are instead counted under one of the above fuel types. The number of hybrid s modeled in NYS in 2007 is zero.

Diesel Fractions are obtained at the same time as the registration distributions. The by-county and by-v ehicle type totals created for the registration distributions are further so rted by fuel type and converted into the25 percent of diesel-powered vehicles by type and by age . The results are then used to populate the Alternative V ehicle Fuels Technology table.

Once vehicles are categorized by fuel type, the NYSDEC begins to move those vehicles into their appropriate source type by fuel. The next set of tables contain vehicle counts by MOVES source and fuel types along with a description of each necessary adjustment made for processing final vehicle counts. Adjustments include removal of records wit h any combination of invalid county identifiers, registration types and/or fuel types per category.



## 11.4 Source Type ID 11 - Motorcycles

The body types that could be consi dered “motorcycles” are #02 – #07 the Limited use Motorcycles Types A – C, #18 All Terrain Vehicle, #19 Motorcycle, #32 Minibike, & #96 Moped. Of these body types only #19 Motorcycles, and #96 Mopeds are being used by the NYSDMV. There are 304,804 motorcycles in Table 11.7 provided below with the perc entage by fuel type showing that nearly all motorcycles operate on gasoline.

Table 11.7 Motorcycles MOTORCYCLES (Body Types 19, 96) DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 6 0.00% Diesel 30 0.01% Electric 39 0.01% Flex 39 0.01% Gasoline 304,609 99.94% Propane 0 0.00% Other 2 0.00% Unknown/Blank 79 0.03%

Further processing of this category requi res removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers ), “63” (in transit), and “35” (all terrain vehicles) which represent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road motorcycles. Other registration types that need to be identified and removed include contradictory registration types such as codes corresponding to busses, trucks, and tractor trailers, as examples . Removing additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (758 records removed), provides a final total of 304,046 motorcycles in NYS, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 11.26 

## 11.5 Source Type ID 21 - Passenger Car

The body types that could be consider ed “passenger cars” are #01 Limited Use Vehicle – Sedan, #8 Police, #10 Conver tible, #11 Sedan, #13 4 Door Sedan, #14 2 Door Sedan, #20 Hearse-Invalid Co mb. , #22 Custom, #23 Replica, #31 Unknown Passenger, #91 Limousine (Omni bus), #92 Hearse (Ambulance) and #93 Taxi. Body type #99 Low Speed Vehicle consist of mostly electric vehicles (2537 of 2548) and because of their limited range and speed, will not be considered true passenger cars. It was not ed that in 2007, there are no vehicles registered as either body type #01 Limit ed Use Vehicle – Sedan or #8. A count of the valid body types listed returns 5, 560,862 vehicles that could be passenger cars with nearly all operating on gasoli ne. These are shown in Table 11.8.

Table 11.8 Passenger Cars PASSENGER CARS (Body Type s 01, 08, 10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 22, 23, 31, 91, 92, 93) DMV FUEL TYPE COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 852 0.02% Diesel 11,326 0.20% Electric 448 0.01% Flex 1,221 0.02% Gasoline 5,545,460 99.72% Propane 44 0.00% Other 422 0.01% Unknown/Blank 1,089 0.02%

Further processing of this category r equires removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (traile rs), and “63” (in transit) which represent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger cars. Other registration types that need to be identif ied and removed include contradictory registration types such as codes corre sponding to motorcycles, busses, trucks, and tractor trailers, as examples. Re moving additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and fuel ty pes “other” and “unknown” (62,551 records removed), provides a final total of 5, 498,311 passenger cars in NYS, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 21.27 

## 11.6 Source Type IDs 31- Passenger Truck & 32 - Light Commercial Truck

The body types that are part of t hese two groups are #12 Suburban, #63 Pick-up Truck, and #68 Van Trucks up to 10 ,000lbs Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). The trucks are separated into the appropriate source types of passenger or commercial based on corresponding registration codes. All vehicles of these body types having an estimated gross weight greater than 10,000 lbs. will be counted as source type ID 52, Single Unit/Short-Haul trucks, regardless of their registration code. There are a total of 4,604,056 Pick-ups, Suburbans, and Vans in the database. T hese are shown in Table 11.9.

Table 11.9 Light Commercial Trucks

PASSENGER/COMMERCIAL TRUCKS (Body Types 12, 63, 68) DMV FUEL TYPE COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 804 0.02% Diesel 127,684 2.77% Electric 161 0.00% Flex 1,362 0.03% Gasoline 4,472,598 97.14% Propane 171 0.00% Other 253 0.01% Unknown/Blank 1023 0.02%

Further processing of this category requires removal of 68,629 vehicles with an estimated gross weight greater than 10,000 lbs. which are added to MOVES source type ID 52. Commercial registration codes are used to separate out commercial trucks from the three va lid body types for vehicles with an estimated gross weight of 10,000 lbs. or less. Registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers), and “63” (in transit) which repres ent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger trucks are removed. Registration codes are also used to identify and remove cont radictory registration types such as codes corresponding to motorcycles, busses, and tractor traile rs, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of in valid county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (48,798 records re moved), provides a final total of28 3,667,233 passenger trucks (MOVES s ource type ID 31) and 819,396 commercial trucks (MOVES source type ID 32) in NYS, for emission inventory year 2007. 

## 11.7 Source Type ID 41 - Intercity Busses, 42 - Transit Busses, & 43 - School Busses

The Body Type that is used for busses is #90 Bus (Omnibus). There are 85,858 Busses registered in New York St ate. Table 11.10 lists the number of vehicles with the various registration types. Table 11.11 lists busses by fuel type.

Table 11.10 Bus Registration Types BUSSES (Body Type 90) Number of Vehicles Registration Type

59,390 Political Subdivision (Muni cipal or Thruway) 69.17% 22,403 Omnibus (regular) 26.09%

2,698 School Car 3.14%

478 Omnibus (vanity + livery) 0.56% 301 International Reg Plan 0.35% 172 State Agencies 0.20% 113 Commercial (Regular) 0.13%

95 Omnibus (Public Service) 0.11% 42 Omnibus (Taxi) 0.05% 90 Passenger or Suburban (Regular) 0.10% 30 Omnibus (Special) 0.03% 26 Farm/Ag 0.03% 18 Historical 0.02%

2 Other 0.00%

Table 11.11 Bus Fuel Types Busses (Body Type 90) DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 909 1.06% Diesel 64,178 74.75% Electric 508 0.59% Flex 25 0.03% Gasoline 19,667 22.91% Propane 2 0.00% Other 462 0.54%29 Unknown/Blank 107 0.12%

Further processing of this category requi res removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (traile rs), and “63” (in transit) which represent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road passenger cars. Other registration types that need to be identif ied and removed include contradictory registration types such as codes co rresponding to motorcycles, trucks, and tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and fuel types “othe r” and “unknown” (1,423 records removed), provides a final total of 84,426 busses.

Additional segregation of the valid vehicle count is necessary to separate busses into source type ID’s 41 - Interc ity (5,882), 42 - Transit (19,993) and 43 - School (58,551). This step requires r eapportioning busses by registration type and vehicle color (“YW” = yellow) for all va lid records, as provided in Table 11.12 below.

Table 11.12 Bus Reapportion by Registration and Color

BUSSES INTERCITY TRANSIT SCHOOL # of Records Registration Type [ # ] Src ID 41 Src ID 42 Src ID 43 Removed Political Subdivision [88] 0 19,899 38,340 1,151 Omnibus (regular) [56] 4,763 0 17,640 0 School Car [19] 0 0 2,571 127 Omnibus (vanity + livery) [55, 57] 469 0 0 9
International Reg Plan [70] 301 0 0 0 State Agencies [77] 172 0 0 0 Commercial (Regular) [76] 111 0 0 2 Omnibus (Public Service) [53] 0 94 0 1 Omnibus (Taxi) [54] 42 0 0 0 Passenger or Suburban (Regular) [16] 0 0 0 90 Omnibus (Special) [52] 24 0 0 6 Farm/Ag [46, 72] 0 0 0 26 Historical [21] 0 0 0 18 Other [10, 69] 0 0 0 2 Totals 5,882 19,993 58,551 1,43230 For comparison, in School Bus Fleet Magazine 2001 Fact Book there are 22,497 District-owned busses and 23,000 Cont ractor-owned busses for a total of 45,497 school busses in NYS. The 2007 National Transit Database lists 9,288 transit busses in NYS. 

## 11.8 Source Type ID 51 - Refuse Trucks

There is no Body or Registration Ty pe that corresponds to any type of Garbage or Refuse trucks. It was theref ore not possible to pick them out of the 2007 database with any type of certainty. New York will continue to work on identifying methods for accurately segregat ing, from other source types, vehicle counts associated with MOVES source type 51 - Refuse Trucks in future efforts. 

## 11.9 Source Type ID 52 - Single Unit Short-Haul & 53 - Long-Haul Trucks

There are several truck types that will have a portion of the registered vehicles fall into the Single Unit Tru ck Category. These Body Types are #09 Fire, #39 Ambulance, #45 Sand Spreaders, #46 Snow Plows, #51 Truck Cranes, #52 Small Wheel Truck, #53 Well Driller, #54 Well Servicing Rig, #60 Delivery Truck, #61 Dump Truck, #62 Flat Bed Tr uck, #64 Stake Truck, #65 Tank Truck, #66 Refrigerated Truck, #67 Tow Truck, #70 Utility Truck, #95 Cement Mixer. There were 314,689 of these vehicle body types in New York in 2007. These are shown in Table 11.13.

Table 11.13 Single Unit Short-Haul Trucks Single Unit, Short-Haul Trucks (Body Type 09, 39, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 95 & overweight 12, 63, 68)
DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 25 0.01% Diesel 199,657 63.45% Electric 71 0.02% Flex 21 0.01% Gasoline 112,199 35.65% Propane 333 0.11% Other 105 0.03% Unknown/Blank 2,278 0.72%31 Further processing of this category requi res removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (traile rs), and “63” (in transit) which represent counts for registered vehicles other t han on-road passenger cars. 68,629 total overweight trucks have to also be added and processed to remove invalid records resulting in 64,982 valid records from the passenger and light commercial truck categories.

Because NYSDEC does not have data that would indicate if a vehicle was of a long-haul or short-haul variety, a ll single unit trucks will be modeled as the short-haul variety in much the same wa y that all combination unit trucks are being modeled as long-haul. Therefore, there are 280,654 tr ucks registered in New York, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 52.



## 11.10 Source Type ID 54 - Motor Homes

The Body Types of #15 “House on Wheels” will be allocated to Motor Homes. There are 29,384 vehicles with a Body Type of #15. These are shown in Table 11.14.

Table 11.14 Motor Homes MOTOR HOMES (Body Type 15)
DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 1 0.00% Diesel 3,352 11.41% Electric 0 0.00% Flex 6 0.02% Gasoline 25,465 86.66% Propane 0 0.00% Other 0 0.00% Unknown/Blank 560 1.91%

Further processing of this category requi res removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (traile rs), and “63” (in transit) which represent counts for registered vehicles other than on-road motor homes. Other registration types that need to be identif ied and removed include contradictory registration types such as codes co rresponding to motorcycles, busses, and tractor trailers, as examples. Removing additional records consisting of invalid county identifiers and fuel types “othe r” and “unknown” (646 records removed), provides a final total of 28,738 motor homes registered in New York, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 54.32 

## 11.11 Source Type ID 61 - Combination Short-Haul & 62 - Long-Haul Trucks

Body Type 58 “Tractor” is the only body type being used for either of the combination type trucks. Because N YSDEC does not have data that would indicate if a vehicle was of a long-haul or short-haul variety, all combination trucks will be modeled as the long-haul vari ety in much the same way that all single unit trucks are being modeled as s hort-haul. There are 38,733 vehicles of this body type in the database. These are shown in Table 11.15.

Table 11.15 Combination Long-Haul Trucks Combination Long-Haul Trucks (Body Type 58)

DMV FUEL COUNT PERCENTAGE CNG 0 0.00% Diesel 36,861 95.17% Electric 3 0.01% Flex 2 0.01% Gasoline 1,849 4.77% Propane 0 0.00% Other 0 0.00% Unknown/Blank 18 0.05%

Further processing of this category fo r removal of various registration types such as “84”, “85”, or “86” (trailers ), and “63” (in transit) or for other types inconsistent with this category resulted in no invalid matches for combination trucks. Removing additional records cons isting of invalid county identifiers and fuel types “other” and “unknown” (135 record s removed), provides a final total of 38,598 combination long-haul trucks regi stered in New York, for emission inventory year 2007, under MOVES source type 62.



## 12.0 QA/QC

Quality assurance (QA) is the sys tematic measurement, comparison with a standard, monitoring of processes and an associated feedback loop that confers error prevention. By getti ng the on-road model inputs right most mistakes should be eliminated. QA for on-road inventory development includes management of the model input s. Through the interagency consultation process33 defined under the transportation conformi ty regulation and r egional inventory efforts, NYSDEC accomplishes high levels of input QA by sharing information with our partners. Through this process N YSDEC receives feedback that is used to make all necessary adjustments to the model inputs. For th is inventory, our partners included all of t he state’s municipal plann ing organizations, the NYSDOT, the FHWA, the Federal Transit Administration, the EPA (regional staff and staff from the Office of Transporta tion and Air Quality), other state agencies and regional organizations.

QA can be contrasted with Quality Control (QC) which is focused on process outputs. In developing the on-road inventory through the MOVES model NYSDEC staff, along with its many par tners, relied on inspection of the completed inventories to ensure its ali gnment with expected outcomes. For this effort multiple iterations of the inv entory were developed, and adjustments were made based on output inconsistencies f ound through comparison of NYSDEC’s data with other state in ventories. In some instances this output QC resulted in changes to the input, in how the model was run and in adjustments to post processing scripts, all of which result ed in a better quality inventory.

While there are levels of uncertain ty associated with every component an inventory, the NYSDEC believes that by applying QA/QC procedures throughout every step of the process we are developing the best inventory possible. NYSDEC further believes that by inspec ting both the inputs to the model and the inventory outputs and by sharing both dur ing inventory development we are constantly able to improve on our emissions results.