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[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2497 Reported in Senate (RS)]

<DOC>

                                                       Calendar No. 519
115th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2497

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control 
  Act to make improvements to certain defense and security assistance 
provisions and to authorize the appropriations of funds to Israel, and 
                          for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 5, 2018

   Mr. Rubio (for himself, Mr. Coons, Mr. Casey, Mr. Blumenthal, Ms. 
  Klobuchar, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Roberts, Mr. Rounds, Ms. Murkowski, Mr. 
 Isakson, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Cruz, Mr. Hoeven, Mr. Inhofe, Mr. Hatch, Ms. 
Cantwell, Mr. Crapo, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Markey, Mr. Wicker, 
 Mr. Scott, Mr. Donnelly, Mr. Sullivan, Ms. Duckworth, Mr. Nelson, Mr. 
 Young, Ms. Collins, Ms. Smith, Mr. Cornyn, Ms. Heitkamp, Mr. Heller, 
  Ms. Stabenow, Mr. Risch, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. Kaine, Mr. King, Ms. 
Baldwin, Mr. Moran, Mr. Blunt, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Warner, Mr. Tester, 
   Mr. Perdue, Mr. Boozman, Mr. Gardner, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Murphy, Mr. 
  Flake, Mr. Toomey, Mr. Heinrich, Mr. Peters, Mr. Booker, Mrs. Hyde-
Smith, Mr. Manchin, Ms. Warren, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Grassley, Mr. Jones, 
 Mrs. Ernst, Mr. Sasse, Mr. Whitehouse, Ms. Cortez Masto, Mr. Portman, 
    Mr. Lankford, Ms. Hassan, Ms. Hirono, Mr. Lee, Mr. Daines, Mrs. 
McCaskill, and Mr. Brown) introduced the following bill; which was read 
        twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

                             July 17, 2018

               Reported by Mr. Corker, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control 
  Act to make improvements to certain defense and security assistance 
provisions and to authorize the appropriations of funds to Israel, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``United 
States-Israel Security Assistance Authorization Act of 
2018''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act 
is as follows:</DELETED>

<DELETED>Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
<DELETED>Sec. 2. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
            <DELETED>TITLE I--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL

<DELETED>Sec. 101. Findings.
<DELETED>Sec. 102. Statement of policy regarding Israel's defense 
                            systems.
<DELETED>Sec. 103. Assistance for Israel.
<DELETED>Sec. 104. Extension of war reserves stockpile authority.
<DELETED>Sec. 105. Extension of loan guarantees to Israel.
<DELETED>Sec. 106. Joint assessment of quantity of precision guided 
                            munitions for use by Israel.
<DELETED>Sec. 107. Transfer of precision guided munitions to Israel.
<DELETED>Sec. 108. Modification of rapid acquisition and deployment 
                            procedures.
<DELETED>Sec. 109. Eligibility of Israel for the strategic trade 
                            authorization exception to certain export 
                            control licensing requirements.
      <DELETED>TITLE II--ENHANCED UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION

<DELETED>Sec. 201. United States-Israel space cooperation.
<DELETED>Sec. 202. United States Agency for International Development--
                            Israel enhanced cooperation.
<DELETED>Sec. 203. Authority to enter into a cooperative project 
                            agreement with Israel to counter unmanned 
                            aerial vehicles that threaten the United 
                            States or Israel.
    <DELETED>TITLE III--ENSURING ISRAEL'S QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE

<DELETED>Sec. 301. Improved reporting on enhancing Israel's qualitative 
                            military edge and security posture.
<DELETED>Sec. 302. Statement of policy.

<DELETED>SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
              DEFINED.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    In this Act, the term ``appropriate congressional 
committees'' means--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
        Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
        Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives.</DELETED>

       <DELETED>TITLE I--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 101. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress makes the following findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In April 1998, the United States designated 
        Israel as a ``major non-NATO ally''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) On August 16, 2007, the United States and 
        Israel signed a 10-year Memorandum of Understanding on United 
        States military assistance to Israel. The total assistance over 
        the course of this understanding would equal 
        $30,000,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) On July 27, 2012, the United States-Israel 
        Enhanced Security Cooperation Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-150; 
        22 U.S.C. 8601 et seq.) declared it to be the policy of the 
        United States ``to help the Government of Israel preserve its 
        qualitative military edge amid rapid and uncertain regional 
        political transformation'' and ``provide Israel defense 
        articles and services, to include air refueling tankers, 
        missile defense capabilities, and specialized 
        munitions''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) On December 19, 2014, President Barack Obama 
        signed into law the United States-Israel Strategic Partnership 
        Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-296) which stated the sense of 
        Congress that Israel is a major strategic partner of the United 
        States and declared it to be the policy of the United States 
        ``to continue to provide Israel with robust security 
        assistance, including for the procurement of the Iron Dome 
        Missile Defense System''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Section 1679 of the National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92; 129 
        Stat. 1135) authorized funds to be appropriated for Israeli 
        cooperative missile defense program codevelopment and 
        coproduction, including funds to be provided to the Government 
        of Israel to procure the David's Sling weapon system as well as 
        the Arrow 3 Upper Tier Interceptor Program.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) On June 22, 2016, Senate Resolution 508 (114th 
        Congress) was introduced in the United States Senate, 
        expressing support for the expeditious consideration and 
        finalization of a new, robust, and long-term Memorandum of 
        Understanding on military assistance to Israel between the 
        United States Government and the Government of 
        Israel.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) Senate Resolution 508 provides that the 
        Senate--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) ``reaffirms that Israel is a major 
                strategic partner of the United States'';</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) ``reaffirms that it is the policy and 
                law of the United States to ensure that Israel 
                maintains its qualitative military edge and has the 
                capacity and capability to defend itself from all 
                credible military threats'';</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) ``reaffirms United States support of a 
                robust Israeli tiered missile defense 
                program'';</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) ``supports continued discussions 
                between the Government of the United States and the 
                Government of Israel for a robust and long-term 
                Memorandum of Understanding on United States military 
                assistance to Israel'';</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (E) ``urges the expeditious finalization 
                of a new Memorandum of Understanding between the 
                Government of the United States and the Government of 
                Israel''; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (F) ``supports a robust and long-term 
                Memorandum of Understanding negotiated between the 
                United States and Israel regarding military assistance 
                which increases the amount of aid from previous 
                agreements and significantly enhances Israel's military 
                capabilities''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) On September 14, 2016, the United States and 
        Israel signed a 10-year Memorandum of Understanding reaffirming 
        the importance of continuing annual United States military 
        assistance to Israel and cooperative missile defense programs 
        in a way that enhances Israel's security and strengthens the 
        bilateral relationship between the two countries.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding reflected 
        United States support of Foreign Military Financing (FMF) grant 
        assistance to Israel over the ten year period beginning in 
        fiscal year 2019 and ending in fiscal year 2028. FMF grant 
        assistance would be at a level of $3,300,000,000 annually, 
        totaling $33,000,000,000, the largest United States assistance 
        package ever and a reiteration of the seven-decade, 
        unshakeable, bipartisan commitment of the United States to 
        Israel's security.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) The Memorandum of Understanding also 
        reflected United States support for funding for cooperative 
        programs to develop, produce, and procure missile, rocket, and 
        projectile defense capabilities over a ten year period 
        beginning in fiscal year 2019 and ending in fiscal year 2028 at 
        a level of $500,000,000 per year, totaling 
        $5,000,000,000.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ISRAEL'S DEFENSE 
              SYSTEMS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It shall be the policy of the United States to provide 
assistance to the Government of Israel in order to support funding for 
cooperative programs to develop, produce, and procure missile, rocket, 
projectile, and other defense capabilities to help Israel meet its 
security needs and to help develop and enhance United States defense 
capabilities.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Authorization of Appropriations for Israel.--Section 
513(c) of the Security Assistance Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-280; 114 
Stat. 856) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2002 and 
        2003'' and inserting ``2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 
        2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in paragraph (2)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) by striking ``equal to--'' and 
                inserting ``not less than $3,300,000,000.''; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) by striking subparagraphs (A) and 
                (B).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 104. EXTENSION OF WAR RESERVES STOCKPILE 
              AUTHORITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005.--
Section 12001(d) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005 
(Public Law 108-287; 118 Stat. 1011) is amended by striking ``after 
September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``after September 30, 
2023''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 514(b)(2)(A) 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(2)(A)) is 
amended by striking ``2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018'' and 
inserting ``2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 105. EXTENSION OF LOAN GUARANTEES TO ISRAEL.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Chapter 5 of title I of the Emergency Wartime Supplemental 
Appropriations Act, 2003 (Public Law 108-11; 117 Stat. 576) is amended 
under the heading ``Loan Guarantees to Israel''--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in the matter preceding the first proviso, by 
        striking ``September 30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 
        2023''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in the second proviso, by striking ``September 
        30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 106. JOINT ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITY OF PRECISION GUIDED 
              MUNITIONS FOR USE BY ISRAEL.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--The President, acting through the 
Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, is authorized to 
conduct a joint assessment with the Government of Israel with respect 
to the matters described in subsection (b).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Matters Described.--The matters described in this 
subsection are the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) The quantity and type of precision guided 
        munitions that are necessary for Israel to combat Hezbollah in 
        the event of a sustained armed confrontation between Israel and 
        Hezbollah.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) The quantity and type of precision guided 
        munitions that are necessary for Israel in the event of a 
        sustained armed confrontation with other armed groups and 
        terrorist organizations such as Hamas.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) The resources the Government of Israel can 
        plan to dedicate to acquire such precision guided 
        munitions.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) United States planning to assist Israel to 
        prepare for sustained armed confrontations described in this 
        subsection as well as the ability of the United States to 
        resupply Israel in the event of confrontations described in 
        paragraphs (1) and (2), if any.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Report.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the 
        date on which the joint assessment authorized under subsection 
        (a) is completed, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a report that contains the joint 
        assessment.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a 
        classified annex.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 107. TRANSFER OF PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS TO 
              ISRAEL.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 514 of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h), the President is 
authorized--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) to utilize the Special Defense Acquisition 
        Fund to transfer precision guided munitions and related defense 
        articles and services to reserve stocks for Israel; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) to transfer such quantities of precision 
        guided munitions from reserve stocks for Israel as necessary 
        for legitimate self-defense and otherwise consistent with the 
        purposes and conditions for such transfers under the Arms 
        Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Certifications.--Except in case of emergency, not 
later than 5 days before making a transfer under this section, the 
President shall certify in an unclassified notification to the 
appropriate congressional committees that the transfer of the precision 
guided munitions--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) does not affect the ability of the United 
        States to maintain a sufficient supply of precision guided 
        munitions;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) does not harm the combat readiness of the 
        United States or the ability of the United States to meet its 
        commitment to allies for the transfer of such munitions; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) is absolutely necessary for Israel to counter 
        the threat of rockets in a timely fashion.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 108. MODIFICATION OF RAPID ACQUISITION AND DEPLOYMENT 
              PROCEDURES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Requirement To Establish Procedures.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Section 806(a) of the Bob Stump 
        National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (10 
        U.S.C. 2302 note; Public Law 107-314) is amended--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``; 
                and'';</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the 
                period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) urgently needed to support production of 
        precision guided munitions--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) for United States counterterrorism 
                missions; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) to assist an ally of the United 
                States under direct missile threat from--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) an organization the 
                        Secretary of State has designated as a foreign 
                        terrorist organization pursuant to section 219 
                        of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
                        U.S.C. 1189); or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) a country the government of 
                        which the Secretary of State has determined, 
                        for purposes of section 6(j) of the Export 
                        Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4605(j)) 
                        (as in effect pursuant to the International 
                        Emergency Economic Powers Act), section 620A of 
                        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
                        2371), section 40 of the Arms Export Control 
                        Act (22 U.S.C. 2780), or any other provision of 
                        law, is a government that has repeatedly 
                        provided support for acts of international 
                        terrorism.''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Prescription of procedures.--Not later than 
        180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
        Secretary of Defense shall prescribe procedures for the rapid 
        acquisition and deployment of supplies and associated support 
        services for purposes described in paragraph (3) of section 
        806(a) of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for 
        Fiscal Year 2003, as added by paragraph (1)(A) of this 
        subsection.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Use of Amounts in Special Defense Acquisition Fund.--
Section 114(c)(3) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting before the period at the end the following: ``or to assist an 
ally of the United States that is under direct missile threat, 
including from a terrorist organization supported by Iran, and such 
threat adversely affects the safety and security of such 
ally''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 109. ELIGIBILITY OF ISRAEL FOR THE STRATEGIC TRADE 
              AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION TO CERTAIN EXPORT CONTROL 
              LICENSING REQUIREMENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Israel has adopted high standards in the field 
        of export controls.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Israel has declared its unilateral adherence 
        to the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group, 
        and the Nuclear Suppliers Group.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Israel is a party to--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) the Convention on Prohibitions or 
                Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons 
                which may be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to 
                Have Indiscriminate Effects, signed at Geneva October 
                10, 1980;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) the Protocol for the Prohibition of 
                the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other 
                Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, 
                signed at Geneva June 17, 1925; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) the Convention on the Physical 
                Protection of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna 
                October 26, 1979.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Section 6(b) of the United States-Israel 
        Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 note) directs 
        the President, consistent with the commitments of the United 
        States under international agreements, to take steps so that 
        Israel may be included in the list of countries eligible for 
        the strategic trade authorization exception under section 
        740.20(c)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, to the 
        requirement for a license for the export, re-export, or in-
        country transfer of an item subject to controls under the 
        Export Administration Regulations.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) As of December 27, 2016, the last publication 
        of the license exceptions country list, Israel had not been 
        included for the strategic trade authorization exception under 
        section 740.20 (c) (1) of title 15, Code of Federal 
        Regulations.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Report on Eligibility for Strategic Trade 
Authorization Exception.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a report that--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) describes the steps taken to include 
                Israel in the list of countries eligible for the 
                strategic trade authorization exception under section 
                740.20(c)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, 
                as required under 6(b) of the United States-Israel 
                Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 note; 
                Public Law 113-296); and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) includes the reasons as to why Israel 
                has not yet been included in such list of countries 
                eligible for the strategic trade authorization 
                exception.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a 
        classified annex.</DELETED>

 <DELETED>TITLE II--ENHANCED UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 201. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL SPACE COOPERATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Authorized in 1958, the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration (NASA) supports and coordinates United 
        States Government research in aeronautics, human exploration 
        and operations, science, and space technology.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Established in 1983, the Israel Space Agency 
        (ISA) supports the growth of Israel's space industry by 
        supporting academic research, technological innovation, and 
        educational activities.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) The mutual interest of the United States and 
        Israel in space exploration affords both nations an opportunity 
        to leverage their unique abilities to advance scientific 
        discovery.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) In 1996, NASA and the ISA entered into their 
        first agreement outlining areas of mutual cooperation, which 
        remained in force until 2005.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Since 1996, NASA and the ISA have successfully 
        cooperated on many space programs supporting the Global 
        Positioning System and research related to the sun, earth 
        science, and the environment.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) The bond between NASA and the ISA was 
        permanently forged on February 1, 2003, with the loss of the 
        crew of STS-107, including Israeli Astronaut Ilan 
        Ramon.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) The United States-Israel Strategic Partnership 
        Act Of 2014 (Public Law 113-296) designated Israel as a major 
        strategic partner of the United States.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) On October 13, 2015, the United States and 
        Israel signed the Framework Agreement between the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States of 
        America and the Israel Space Agency for Cooperation in 
        Aeronautics and the Exploration and Use of Airspace and Outer 
        Space for Peaceful Purposes.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Continuing Cooperation.--The Administrator of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall continue to work 
with the Israel Space Agency to identify and cooperatively pursue 
peaceful space exploration and science initiatives in areas of mutual 
interest, taking all appropriate measures to protect sensitive 
information, intellectual property, trade secrets, and economic 
interests of the United States.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 202. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--
              ISRAEL ENHANCED COOPERATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Statement of Policy.--It should be the policy of the 
United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to cooperate 
with Israel in order to advance common goals across a wide variety of 
sectors, including energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, 
human rights and governance, economic growth and trade, education, 
environment, global health, and water and sanitation.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Memorandum of Understanding.--The Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development is authorized to 
enter into memoranda of understanding with Israel in order to advance 
common goals on energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, human 
rights and governance, economic growth and trade, education, 
environment, global health, and water and sanitation with a focus on 
strengthening mutual ties and cooperation with nations throughout the 
world.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 203. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE PROJECT 
              AGREEMENT WITH ISRAEL TO COUNTER UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES 
              THAT THREATEN THE UNITED STATES OR ISRAEL.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) On February 10, 2018, Iran launched from Syria 
        an unmanned aerial vehicle (commonly known as a ``drone'') that 
        penetrated Israeli airspace.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Israeli officials noted that the unmanned 
        aerial vehicle was in Israeli airspace for a minute-and-a-half 
        before being shot down by its air force.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Senior Israeli officials stated that the 
        unmanned aerial vehicle was an advanced piece of 
        technology.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) It remains unclear whether the unmanned aerial 
        vehicle was armed. Nonetheless, the launch, and sophistication 
        of the unmanned aerial vehicle, highlight the threat Israel 
        faces from unmanned aerial vehicles from Iranian forces active 
        in Syria and from Hezbollah in Lebanon.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) The United States likewise faces the threat of 
        unmanned aerial vehicles along the United States border and in 
        areas of active hostilities, including Islamic State of Iraq 
        and Syria (ISIS) drones in Syria and Iraq and al Qaeda 
        manufactured drones in Afghanistan.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress 
that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) joint research and development to counter 
        unmanned aerial vehicles will serve the national security 
        interests of the United States and Israel;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Israel faces urgent and emerging threats from 
        unmanned aerial vehicles, and other unmanned vehicles, launched 
        from Lebanon by Hezbollah, from Syria by Iran's Revolutionary 
        Guard Corps, or from others seeking to attack Israel; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) the United States and Israel should continue 
        to work together to defend against all threats to the safety, 
        security, and national interests of both countries.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Authority To Enter Into Agreement.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--The President is authorized to 
        enter into a cooperative project agreement with Israel under 
        the authority of section 27 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
        U.S.C. 2767), to carry out research on and development, 
        testing, evaluation, and joint production (including follow-on 
        support) of defense articles and defense services to detect, 
        track, and destroy unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten the 
        United States or Israel.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Applicable requirements.--The cooperative 
        project agreement described in paragraph (1)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) shall provide that any activities 
                carried out pursuant to the agreement are subject to--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) the applicable requirements 
                        described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of 
                        section 27(b)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act 
                        (22 U.S.C. 2767(b)(2)); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) any other applicable 
                        requirements of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
                        U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) with respect to the use, 
                        transfers, and security of such defense 
                        articles and defense services under that Act; 
                        and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) shall establish a framework to 
                negotiate the rights to intellectual property developed 
                under the agreement.</DELETED>

      <DELETED>TITLE III--ENSURING ISRAEL'S QUALITATIVE MILITARY 
                             EDGE</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 301. IMPROVED REPORTING ON ENHANCING ISRAEL'S QUALITATIVE 
              MILITARY EDGE AND SECURITY POSTURE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 201(c)(2) the Naval Vessel Transfer Act of 2008 is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``The report shall include 
an assessment of--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the ability of Israel to effectively 
                defend itself against military threats from regional 
                non-state actors;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) the risk that is posed by the sale 
                or export of a subsequent unauthorized transfer or 
                proliferation of the equipment for use against 
                Israel;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) the range of cyber and asymmetric 
                threats posed to Israel by state and non-state 
                actors;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) the range of threats posed to Israel 
                by state and non-state actors through the use of 
                unmanned vehicles and systems, through air, land, or 
                water; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) the effective countermeasures 
                available to Israel to defend against the risks and 
                threats described in subparagraphs (B) through 
                (D).''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF POLICY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the policy of the United States to ensure that 
Israel maintains its ability to counter and defeat any credible 
conventional military, or emerging, threat from any individual state or 
possible coalition of states or from non-state actors, while sustaining 
minimal damages and casualties, through the use of superior military 
means, possessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, command, 
control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 
capabilities that in their technical characteristics are superior in 
capability to those of such other individual or possible coalition 
states or non-state actors.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``United States-
Israel Security Assistance Authorization Act of 2018''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Appropriate congressional committees defined.

                TITLE I--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL

Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Statement of policy regarding Israel's defense systems.
Sec. 103. Assistance for Israel.
Sec. 104. Extension of war reserves stockpile authority.
Sec. 105. Extension of loan guarantees to Israel.
Sec. 106. Joint assessment of quantity of precision guided munitions 
                            for use by Israel.
Sec. 107. Transfer of precision guided munitions to Israel.
Sec. 108. Modification of rapid acquisition and deployment procedures.
Sec. 109. Eligibility of Israel for the strategic trade authorization 
                            exception to certain export control 
                            licensing requirements.

          TITLE II--ENHANCED UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION

Sec. 201. United States-Israel space cooperation.
Sec. 202. United States Agency for International Development-Israel 
                            enhanced partnership for development 
                            cooperation in developing nations.
Sec. 203. Authority to enter into a cooperative project agreement with 
                            Israel to counter unmanned aerial vehicles 
                            that threaten the United States or Israel.

         TITLE III--ENSURING ISRAEL'S QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE

Sec. 301. Statement of policy.

SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.

    In this Act, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

                TITLE I--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL

SEC. 101. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In February 1987, the United States granted Israel 
        major non-NATO ally status.
            (2) On August 16, 2007, the United States and Israel signed 
        a ten-year Memorandum of Understanding on United States 
        military assistance to Israel. The total assistance over the 
        course of this understanding would equal $30,000,000,000.
            (3) On July 27, 2012, the United States-Israel Enhanced 
        Security Cooperation Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-150; 22 U.S.C. 
        8601 et seq.) declared it to be the policy of the United States 
        ``to help the Government of Israel preserve its qualitative 
        military edge amid rapid and uncertain regional political 
        transformation'' and stated the sense of Congress that the 
        United States Government should ``provide the Government of 
        Israel defense articles and defense services through such 
        mechanisms as appropriate, to include air refueling tankers, 
        missile defense capabilities, and specialized munitions''.
            (4) On December 19, 2014, President Barack Obama signed 
        into law the United States-Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 
        2014 (Public Law 113-296) which stated the sense of Congress 
        that Israel is a major strategic partner of the United States 
        and declared it to be the policy of the United States ``to 
        continue to provide Israel with robust security assistance, 
        including for the procurement of the Iron Dome Missile Defense 
        System''.
            (5) Section 1679 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
        for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92; 129 Stat. 1135) 
        authorized funds to be appropriated for Israeli cooperative 
        missile defense program codevelopment and coproduction, 
        including funds to be provided to the Government of Israel to 
        procure the David's Sling weapon system as well as the Arrow 3 
        Upper Tier Interceptor Program.
            (6) On September 14, 2016, the United States and Israel 
        signed a ten-year Memorandum of Understanding reaffirming the 
        importance of continuing annual United States military 
        assistance to Israel and cooperative missile defense programs 
        in a way that enhances Israel's security and strengthens the 
        bilateral relationship between the two countries.
            (7) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding reflected United 
        States support of Foreign Military Financing (FMF) grant 
        assistance to Israel over the ten year period beginning in 
        fiscal year 2019 and ending in fiscal year 2028. FMF grant 
        assistance would be at a level of $3,300,000,000 annually, 
        totaling $33,000,000,000, the largest single pledge of military 
        assistance ever and a reiteration of the seven-decade, 
        unshakeable, bipartisan commitment of the United States to 
        Israel's security.
            (8) The Memorandum of Understanding also reflected United 
        States support for funding for cooperative programs to develop, 
        produce, and procure missile, rocket, and projectile defense 
        capabilities over a ten year period beginning in fiscal year 
        2019 and ending in fiscal year 2028 at a level of $500,000,000 
        per year, totaling $5,000,000,000.

SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ISRAEL'S DEFENSE SYSTEMS.

    It shall be the policy of the United States to provide assistance 
to the Government of Israel in order to support funding for cooperative 
programs to develop, produce, and procure missile, rocket, projectile, 
and other defense capabilities to help Israel meet its security needs 
and to help develop and enhance United States defense capabilities.

SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations for Israel.--Section 513(c) of 
the Security Assistance Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-280; 114 Stat. 856) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2002 and 2003'' and 
        inserting ``2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 
        2027, and 2028'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``equal to--'' and inserting ``not 
                less than $3,300,000,000.''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).

SEC. 104. EXTENSION OF WAR RESERVES STOCKPILE AUTHORITY.

    (a) Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005.--Section 
12001(d) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public 
Law 108-287; 118 Stat. 1011) is amended by striking ``after September 
30, 2018'' and inserting ``after September 30, 2023''.
    (b) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 514(b)(2)(A) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(2)(A)) is amended by 
striking ``2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018'' and inserting 
``2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.''.

SEC. 105. EXTENSION OF LOAN GUARANTEES TO ISRAEL.

    Chapter 5 of title I of the Emergency Wartime Supplemental 
Appropriations Act, 2003 (Public Law 108-11; 117 Stat. 576) is amended 
under the heading ``Loan Guarantees to Israel''--
            (1) in the matter preceding the first proviso, by striking 
        ``September 30, 2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''; 
        and
            (2) in the second proviso, by striking ``September 30, 
        2019'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.

SEC. 106. JOINT ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITY OF PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS 
              FOR USE BY ISRAEL.

    (a) In General.--The President, acting through the Secretary of 
State and the Secretary of Defense, is authorized to conduct a joint 
assessment with the Government of Israel with respect to the matters 
described in subsection (b).
    (b) Matters Described.--The matters described in this subsection 
are the following:
            (1) The quantity and type of precision guided munitions 
        that are necessary for Israel to combat Hezbollah in the event 
        of a sustained armed confrontation between Israel and 
        Hezbollah.
            (2) The quantity and type of precision guided munitions 
        that are necessary for Israel in the event of a sustained armed 
        confrontation with other armed groups and terrorist 
        organizations such as Hamas.
            (3) The resources the Government of Israel can plan to 
        dedicate to acquire such precision guided munitions.
            (4) United States plans to assist Israel to prepare for 
        sustained armed confrontations described in this subsection as 
        well as the ability of the United States to resupply Israel 
        with precision guided munitions in the event of confrontations 
        described in paragraphs (1) and (2), if any.
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date on 
        which the joint assessment authorized under subsection (a) is 
        completed, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a report that contains the joint 
        assessment.
            (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.

SEC. 107. TRANSFER OF PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS TO ISRAEL.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding section 514 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h), the President is authorized 
to sell such quantities of precision guided munitions from reserve 
stocks to Israel as necessary for legitimate self-defense and otherwise 
consistent with the purposes and conditions for such sales under the 
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.).
    (b) Certifications.--Except in case of emergency, not later than 5 
days before making a sale under this section, the President shall 
certify in an unclassified notification to the appropriate 
congressional committees that the sale of the precision guided 
munitions--
            (1) does not affect the ability of the United States to 
        maintain a sufficient supply of precision guided munitions;
            (2) does not harm the combat readiness of the United States 
        or the ability of the United States to meet its commitment to 
        allies for the transfer of such munitions; and
            (3) is necessary for Israel to counter the threat of 
        rockets in a timely fashion.

SEC. 108. MODIFICATION OF RAPID ACQUISITION AND DEPLOYMENT PROCEDURES.

    (a) Requirement to Establish Procedures.--
            (1) In general.--Section 806(a) of the Bob Stump National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (10 U.S.C. 2302 
        note; Public Law 107-314) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``; and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(3) urgently needed to support production of precision 
        guided munitions--
                    ``(A) for United States counterterrorism missions; 
                or
                    ``(B) to assist an ally of the United States under 
                direct missile threat from--
                            ``(i) an organization the Secretary of 
                        State has designated as a foreign terrorist 
                        organization pursuant to section 219 of the 
                        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
                        1189); or
                            ``(ii) a country the government of which 
                        the Secretary of State has determined, for 
                        purposes of section 6(j) of the Export 
                        Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4605(j)) 
                        (as in effect pursuant to the International 
                        Emergency Economic Powers Act), section 620A of 
                        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
                        2371), section 40 of the Arms Export Control 
                        Act (22 U.S.C. 2780), or any other provision of 
                        law, is a government that has repeatedly 
                        provided support for acts of international 
                        terrorism.''.
            (2) Prescription of procedures.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
        Defense shall prescribe procedures for the rapid acquisition 
        and deployment of supplies and associated support services for 
        purposes described in paragraph (3) of section 806(a) of the 
        Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        2003, as added by paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection.
    (b) Use of Amounts in Special Defense Acquisition Fund.--Section 
114(c)(3) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
before the period at the end the following: ``or to assist an ally of 
the United States that is under direct missile threat, including from a 
terrorist organization supported by Iran, and such threat adversely 
affects the safety and security of such ally''.

SEC. 109. ELIGIBILITY OF ISRAEL FOR THE STRATEGIC TRADE AUTHORIZATION 
              EXCEPTION TO CERTAIN EXPORT CONTROL LICENSING 
              REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Israel has adopted high standards in the field of 
        export controls.
            (2) Israel has declared its unilateral adherence to the 
        Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group, and the 
        Nuclear Suppliers Group.
            (3) Israel is a party to--
                    (A) the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions 
                on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be 
                Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have 
                Indiscriminate Effects, signed at Geneva October 10, 
                1980;
                    (B) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in 
                War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of 
                Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva 
                June 17, 1925; and
                    (C) the Convention on the Physical Protection of 
                Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna October 26, 1979.
            (4) Section 6(b) of the United States-Israel Strategic 
        Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 note) directs the 
        President, consistent with the commitments of the United States 
        under international agreements, to take steps so that Israel 
        may be included in the list of countries eligible for the 
        strategic trade authorization exception under section 
        740.20(c)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations, to the 
        requirement for a license for the export, reexport, or in-
        country transfer of an item subject to controls under the 
        Export Administration Regulations.
    (b) Report on Eligibility for Strategic Trade Authorization 
Exception.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report that--
                    (A) describes the steps taken to include Israel in 
                the list of countries eligible for the strategic trade 
                authorization exception as required under 6(b) of the 
                United States-Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 
                (22 U.S.C. 8603 note; Public Law 113-296); and
                    (B) includes what steps are necessary for Israel to 
                be included in such a list of countries eligible for 
                the strategic trade authorization exception.
            (2) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.

          TITLE II--ENHANCED UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION

SEC. 201. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL SPACE COOPERATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Authorized in 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration (NASA) supports and coordinates United States 
        Government research in aeronautics, human exploration and 
        operations, science, and space technology.
            (2) Established in 1983, the Israel Space Agency (ISA) 
        supports the growth of Israel's space industry by supporting 
        academic research, technological innovation, and educational 
        activities.
            (3) The mutual interest of the United States and Israel in 
        space exploration affords both nations an opportunity to 
        leverage their unique abilities to advance scientific 
        discovery.
            (4) In 1996, NASA and the ISA entered into an agreement 
        outlining areas of mutual cooperation, which remained in force 
        until 2005.
            (5) Since 1996, NASA and the ISA have successfully 
        cooperated on many space programs supporting the Global 
        Positioning System and research related to the sun, earth 
        science, and the environment.
            (6) The bond between NASA and the ISA was permanently 
        forged on February 1, 2003, with the loss of the crew of STS-
        107, including Israeli Astronaut Ilan Ramon.
            (7) On October 13, 2015, the United States and Israel 
        signed the Framework Agreement between the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration of the United States of America and 
        the Israel Space Agency for Cooperation in Aeronautics and the 
        Exploration and Use of Airspace and Outer Space for Peaceful 
        Purposes.
    (b) Continuing Cooperation.--The Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall continue to work with the 
Israel Space Agency to identify and cooperatively pursue peaceful space 
exploration and science initiatives in areas of mutual interest, taking 
all appropriate measures to protect sensitive information, intellectual 
property, trade secrets, and economic interests of the United States.

SEC. 202. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT-ISRAEL 
              ENHANCED PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN 
              DEVELOPING NATIONS.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It should be the policy of the United 
States Agency for International Development (USAID) to partner with 
Israel in order to advance common goals across a wide variety of 
sectors, including energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, 
human rights and governance, economic growth and trade, education, 
environment, global health, and water and sanitation.
    (b) Memorandum of Understanding.--The Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development is authorized to enter into 
memoranda of understanding with Israel in order to enhance coordination 
on advancing common goals on energy, agriculture and food security, 
democracy, human rights and governance, economic growth and trade, 
education, environment, global health, and water and sanitation with a 
focus on strengthening mutual ties and cooperation with nations 
throughout the world.

SEC. 203. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE PROJECT AGREEMENT WITH 
              ISRAEL TO COUNTER UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES THAT THREATEN 
              THE UNITED STATES OR ISRAEL.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) On February 10, 2018, Iran launched from Syria an 
        unmanned aerial vehicle (commonly known as a ``drone'') that 
        penetrated Israeli airspace.
            (2) According to a press report, the unmanned aerial 
        vehicle was in Israeli airspace for a minute and a half before 
        being shot down by its air force.
            (3) Senior Israeli officials stated that the unmanned 
        aerial vehicle was an advanced piece of technology.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) joint research and development to counter unmanned 
        aerial vehicles will serve the national security interests of 
        the United States and Israel;
            (2) Israel faces urgent and emerging threats from unmanned 
        aerial vehicles, and other unmanned vehicles, launched from 
        Lebanon by Hezbollah, from Syria by Iran's Revolutionary Guard 
        Corps, or from others seeking to attack Israel;
            (3) efforts to counter unmanned aerial vehicles should 
        include the feasibility of utilizing directed energy and high 
        powered microwave technologies, which can disable vehicles 
        without kinetic destruction; and
            (4) the United States and Israel should continue to work 
        together to defend against all threats to the safety, security, 
        and national interests of both countries.
    (c) Authority to Enter Into Agreement.--
            (1) In general.--The President is authorized to enter into 
        a cooperative project agreement with Israel under the authority 
        of section 27 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767), 
        to carry out research on, and development, testing, evaluation, 
        and joint production (including follow-on support) of, defense 
        articles and defense services, such as the use of directed 
        energy or high powered microwave technology, to detect, track, 
        and destroy unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten the United 
        States or Israel.
            (2) Applicable requirements.--The cooperative project 
        agreement described in paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) provide that any activities carried out 
                pursuant to the agreement are subject to--
                            (i) the applicable requirements described 
                        in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 
                        27(b)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
                        U.S.C. 2767(b)(2)); and
                            (ii) any other applicable requirements of 
                        the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
                        seq.) with respect to the use, transfers, and 
                        security of such defense articles and defense 
                        services under that Act;
                    (B) establish a framework to negotiate the rights 
                to intellectual property developed under the agreement; 
                and
                    (C) include appropriate protections for sensitive 
                technology.

         TITLE III--ENSURING ISRAEL'S QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE

SEC. 301. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to ensure that Israel 
maintains its ability to counter and defeat any credible conventional 
military, or emerging, threat from any individual state or possible 
coalition of states or from non-state actors, while sustaining minimal 
damages and casualties, through the use of superior military means, 
possessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, command, control, 
communication, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 
capabilities that in their technical characteristics are superior in 
capability to those of such other individual or possible coalition 
states or non-state actors.
                                                       Calendar No. 519

115th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                S. 2497

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control 
  Act to make improvements to certain defense and security assistance 
provisions and to authorize the appropriations of funds to Israel, and 
                          for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                             July 17, 2018

                       Reported with an amendment
```