S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices 115 Silviculture A process, following accepted forest management principles, whereby the trees constituting forests are tended, harvested and reproduced.

Site Preparation Measures employed on a site to dispose of debris, reduce competitive vegetation, and prepare the soil for artificial (machine/ hand planting) or natural regeneration.

Site Preparation (Prescribed) Burning The silviculture practice of using regulated fires to reduce or eliminate debris and vegetation in preparation for tree planting.

Site Sensitivity Class (SSC) An index of an area’s susceptibility to erosion and sedimentation, based on soil type and slope.

Skid Moving of logs or felled trees from the harvest area to the loading point.

Skidder Heavy equipment designed for transporting logs and felled trees within the harvest area – operated on skid trails.

Skid Trails A temporary trail used only by logging equipment such as skidders, for the skidding of logs from the harvest area to the loading point.

Slash The unused and generally unmarketable accumulation of woody material, such as limbs, tops, cull logs and stumps, that remain as residue after timber harvesting.

Slope An index of the change in elevation of a land area. Often referred to as a ratio of rise over run; normally expressed in percent.

Snag Trees Typically isolated standing dead trees characterized by hollow trunks and/or limbs which may provide habitat for wildlife. Stand A contiguous group of trees sufficiently uniform in species composition, arrangement of age classes and condition to be a homogeneous and distinguishable unit.

Stringer Narrow strip of trees with a more or less continuous canopy left on and/or near the banks of intermittent streams, lakes and sinkholes for purposes of stabilization, water quality protection, and wildlife habitat.

Special Management Zone (SMZ) An area of varying width adjacent to a watercourse in which special precautions are necessary toprotect water quality and other natural resources.

Swale A manmade trench which has a top width to depth ratio equal to or greater than 6:1, or side slopes equal to or greater than 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical, flows only following a rainfall event, has vegetation suitable for soil stabilization, stormwater treatment, and nutrient uptake, and is designed to take into account soil erodibility, soil percolation, slope, slope length, and drainage area so as to prevent erosion and reduce pollutant concentration of any discharge.

Turbidity An optical measurement of the relative clarity of water.

Water Bar A mound of soil built across a light-duty road, skid trail, or fireline, for the purpose of diverting surface water.

Waterbody Any river, creek, slough, canal, lake, reservoir, pond, sinkhole or other natural or artificial watercourse which flows within a defined channel or is contained within a discernable shoreline.116 S i l v i c u l t u r e Best Management Practices Water Control Structure Any structure used to regulate surface or subsurface water levels.

Water Turnout The extension of a road ditch into a vegetated area to provide for the dispersion and filtration of stormwater runoff.

Wetland For the purpose of this Manual, wetlands are not defined by any regulatory method, and consist of typical swamplands such as those listed in Appendix 5. The presence of pine trees doesn’t necessarily indicate that a site is non-wetland, but pine dominated sites are not considered wetlands even though they may be “jurisdictional.” Wetland Flow-way That area of a flowing wetland where stormwater moves within variable dimensions instead of a well defined channel. The area of flow in this case has enough general confinement to exhibit some stormflow characteristics, and is evidenced by, but not limited to: drift lines/racks, sediment deposits, soil and root scour, absence of litter/ ground cover – all in a generally linear position.

Wildfire Any fire other than a controlled, prescribed fire.

Windrow Logging debris and unmerchantable woody vegetation, piled in rows on the contour of the land.

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