# Patent

## Title
Ramp assembly with tilt sensor

## Abstract

A ramp assembly for providing a transition surface between a vehicle floor and an alighting surface is disclosed. The ramp assembly includes a ramp portion that is rotatable between a stowed position and a deployed position. A target operably associated with the ramp portion so that the target reciprocates along a predetermined path when the ramp portion reciprocates between the stowed position and the deployed position. A sensor fitting maintains a fixed orientation relative to a horizontal plane. A sensor is mounted to the sensor fitting such that the sensor senses the target when the ramp portion is in a predetermined position.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires the removal of physical obstacles to those who are physically challenged. The stated objective of this legislation has increased public awareness and concern over the requirements of the physically challenged. Consequently, there has been more emphasis on providing systems that enable physically challenged people to access a motor vehicle, such as a bus or minivan.
A common manner of providing the physically challenged with access to motor vehicles is a ramp. Various ramp operating systems for motor vehicles are known in the art. Some slide out from underneath the floor of the vehicle and tilt down. Others are stowed in a vertical position and pivot about a hinge, while still others are supported by booms and cable assemblies. The present invention is generally directed to a “fold out” type of ramp. Such a ramp is normally stowed in a horizontal position within a recess in the vehicle floor, and is pivoted upward and outward to a downward-sloping extended position. In the extended position, the ramp is adjustable to varying curb heights.
Fold out ramps on vehicles confront a variety of technical problems. Longer ramps are desirable because the resulting slope is more gradual and more accessible by wheelchair-bound passengers. Longer ramps are, however, heavier and require more torque about the pivot axis to be reciprocated between deployed and stowed positions. To satisfy the increased torque requirement, some fold out ramps use large electric motors, pneumatic devices, or hydraulic actuators to deploy and stow the ramp. Often, these systems cannot be moved manually in the event of failure of the power source, unless the drive mechanism is first disengaged. Some existing fold out ramps can be deployed or stowed manually, but they are difficult to operate because one must first overcome the resistance of the drive mechanism. Further, fold out ramps require a depression (or pocket) in the vehicle's vestibule floor in which to store the retracted/stowed ramp. When the ramp is deployed, the aforementioned depression presents an obstacle for wheelchair passengers as they transition from the ramp to the vestibule, and into the vehicle.
Another technical issue confronting fold out ramps is the variety of situations in which the ramps must operate. Depending on the use of the vehicle in which a particular ramp is installed as well as where the vehicle is operated, the ramp might be deployed to curbs of varying heights, as well as to a road surface. In addition, the inclusion of a “kneeling” feature on the vehicle can affect the height of the vehicle floor relative to the alighting surface.
The deployment requirements of fold out ramps are also affected by road crown. In order to facilitate drainage, road surfaces are often sloped away from the center of the road. When a vehicle is parked on such roads, this “road crown” causes the vehicle to be tilted at an angle relative to a horizontal plane. For example, when a vehicle is stopped and positioned parallel to a curb, the vehicle is generally tilted toward the curb about a longitudinal axis. Because this tilt affects the structure to which the ramps are attached, the road crown affects the position of the deployed ramp relative to a horizontal plane.
As previously noted, a more gradual ramp slope is preferable because it makes it easier for wheelchair-bound passengers to enter and exit the vehicle. Although fold out ramps are generally designed to have suitable ramp slopes under typical deployment conditions, the slope of a deployed ramp can be adversely affected by operating conditions such as road crown, the availability of a “kneeling” capability in the vehicle, and the ramp being deployed to the road rather than a curb.
While it is possible to measure the deployment angle of the ramp relative to the ramp assembly's stowed position, i.e., relative to the floor of the vehicle, such a measurement does not account for the tilt of the bus due to road crown and/or a kneeling feature, both of which can add to the overall angle of the deployed ramp. Instead, the “absolute” ramp angle, that is the angle of the ramp relative to a horizontal plane rather than to the floor of the vehicle, is a better indicator of the potential difficulty a wheelchair-bound passenger may experience entering or exiting the vehicle. Thus, there is a need for a fold out ramp for a vehicle that provides an indication of the “absolute” angle of a deployed ramp relative to a horizontal plane.
SUMMARY
Various embodiments of a ramp assembly for providing a transition surface between a vehicle floor and an alighting surface are disclosed. The ramp assembly includes a ramp portion that is rotatable between a stowed position and a deployed position. In a first claimed embodiment, the ramp assembly further includes a target operably associated with the ramp portion, wherein the target moves along a predetermined path when the ramp portion reciprocates between the stowed position and the deployed position. A sensor fitting maintains a fixed orientation relative to a horizontal plane. A sensor is mounted to the sensor fitting such that the sensor senses the target when the ramp portion is in a predetermined position.
In a second claimed embodiment, a ramp assembly includes a ramp portion coupled for rotating movement between a stowed position and a deployed position. The ramp assembly further includes a sensor configured to sense an angle of the ramp portion relative to a horizontal plane. The sensor provides a sensor output when the ramp portion has deployed to at least a predetermined angle relative to the horizontal plane. An alert device provides an alert in response to the sensor output.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a ramp assembly with a ramp portion in the stowed position;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a neutral position;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a first deployed position;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a second deployed position;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in the stowed position;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a neutral position;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a first deployed position;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with the ramp portion in a second deployed position;
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, wherein a latch mechanism is shown with the ramp portion in a first deployed position;
FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, wherein a latch mechanism is shown with the ramp portion in a second deployed position;
FIG. 11 is partial isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, with an intermediate panel and an inner panel removed;
FIG. 12 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, showing a drive arm when the ramp portion is in the stowed position;
FIG. 13 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, showing the drive arm when the ramp portion is in a neutral position;
FIG. 14 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, showing the drive arm when the ramp portion is in a first deployed position;
FIG. 15 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 1, showing the drive arm when the ramp portion is in a second deployed position;
FIG. 16 is an isometric view of a second exemplary embodiment of a ramp assembly with a ramp portion in the stowed position;
FIG. 17 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, with the ramp portion in a neutral position;
FIG. 18 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, with the ramp portion in a first deployed position;
FIG. 19 is an isometric view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, with the ramp portion in a second deployed position;
FIG. 20 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, showing a linkage when the ramp portion is in the stowed position;
FIG. 21 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, showing the linkage when the ramp portion is in a neutral position;
FIG. 22 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, showing the linkage when the ramp portion is in a first deployed position;
FIG. 23 is a partial side view of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 16, showing the linkage when the ramp portion is in a second deployed position;
FIG. 24 is a partial isometric view of an alternate embodiment of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 11; and
FIG. 25 is a partial isometric view of a second alternate embodiment of the ramp assembly shown in FIG. 11.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Exemplary embodiments of the disclosed fold out ramp will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where like numerals correspond to like elements. The described embodiments are directed to ramp assemblies, and more specifically, wheelchair ramp assemblies. In particular, several embodiments are directed to wheelchair ramp assemblies suitable for use in buses, vans, etc. Several embodiments of the present invention are directed to compact ramp assemblies for a vehicle that, when stowed, occupy a small amount of space within the vehicle floor, yet deploy to a length that effectively reduces the ramp slope encountered by the mobility impaired, thus facilitating greater independence and safety for wheelchair-bound passengers.
The following discussion proceeds with reference to examples of wheelchair ramp assemblies for use in vehicles having a floor, such as a bus, van, etc. While the examples provided herein have been described with reference to their association with vehicles, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that this is done for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosed subject matter, as claimed. Thus, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that aspects of the disclosed fold out ramp may be employed with other ramp assemblies used in stationary installations, such as residential buildings and the like. The following detailed description may use illustrative terms such as vertical, horizontal, front, rear, curbside (inboard), roadside (outboard), inner, proximal, distal, etc.; however, these terms are descriptive in nature and should not be construed as limiting. Further, it will be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosed fold out ramp may employ any combination of features described herein.
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate one exemplary embodiment of a fold out ramp assembly 100 (hereinafter “ramp assembly 100”) as it moves from a stowed position (FIG. 1) through a neutral position (FIG. 2), and a first deployed position (FIG. 3) to a second deployed position (FIG. 4). The ramp assembly 100 includes a frame 102, a ramp portion 110, an intermediate panel 130, and an inner panel 150. The frame 102 of the ramp assembly 100 is adapted to be mounted to a vehicle (not shown) having a floor, such as a bus or a van. The ramp assembly 100 is reciprocal between the stowed position, shown in FIG. 1, and various deployed positions, such as the ones shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the stowed position, the ramp portion 110 is located such that the ramp is disposed over the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150, and the lower surface 112 of the ramp portion faces upward and is substantially coplanar, i.e., flush, with the floor (not shown) of the vehicle. In a deployed position, the ramp portion 110 extends in a curbside and downward direction to contact an alighting surface 90, such as a curb or road surface, thus cooperating with the intermediate panel 130 and inner panel 150 to provide a transition between the vehicle and the alighting surface 90.
Although the illustrated embodiments of the ramp assembly 100 include a frame 102, other embodiments are contemplated in which the ramp assembly 100 does not include a frame. To install such embodiments in vehicles, the ramp assembly 100 components can be attached directly to the structure of the vehicle or to a suitable structure within the vehicle, thus making a frame 102 unnecessary. Similarly, when such embodiments are installed in stationary installations, such as residential buildings and the like, the ramp assembly 100 components can be attached to the structure of the building or any other suitable structure within the building. Accordingly, embodiments of the described ramp assembly 100 that do not include a frame should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Still referring to FIGS. 1-4, the ramp portion 110 includes a panel 114 constructed from well-known materials. The ramp portion 110 further includes side curbs 116 that extend upwardly from the forward and rear sides of the panel 114. The side curbs 116 increase the strength of the ramp portion 110 and provide edge guards for the sides of the ramp portion 110, thereby increasing the overall safety of the ramp assembly 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the curbside end 118 of the ramp portion 110 (when the ramp is in a deployed position) is tapered to provide a smooth transition between the panel 114 and the alighting surface 90 when the ramp assembly 100 is in a deployed position, although such a feature may not be necessary, depending on the thickness of the ramp.
As shown in FIGS. 1-8, the ramp portion 110 is rotatably connected at the roadside end 120 (when the ramp portion is in a deployed position) to the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 about an axis 170. Referring back to FIG. 3, the ramp portion 110 and the intermediate panel 130 of the illustrated ramp assembly 100 are connected with a single continuous hinge 172 i.e., a “piano hinge,” however, it will be appreciated that multiple hinges or any other configuration suitable for rotatably connecting the ramp portion 110 to the intermediate panel 130 and/or maintaining a rotational association therebetween can be utilized.
The axis 170 maintains a generally horizontal orientation so that the ramp portion 110 is rotatable about the axis to reciprocate between the stowed position and the deployed positions. In the stowed position, shown in FIG. 1, the ramp portion 110 extends inwardly from the axis 170 such that the ramp is at least partially disposed over the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150. When in the stowed position, the lower surface 112 of the ramp panel 114 faces upward and is oriented to be generally flush with the vehicle floor, thereby providing a surface upon which able-bodied passengers can walk while entering and exiting the vehicle. When the ramp portion 110 is in a deployed position, such as the one shown in FIG. 4, the ramp extends in an outward and downward direction so that the upper surface 122 of the panel 114 faces up and provides an inclined transition surface from the intermediate panel 130 to the alighting surface 90.
Referring now to FIGS. 5-8, the inner panel 150 is configured to reciprocate between a lowered position (FIG. 5), when the ramp assembly 100 is in the stowed position and a raised position (FIG. 8) when the ramp assembly is in a deployed position. In the disclosed embodiment, the inner panel 150 is supported by an inner panel support 156 disposed beneath the inner panel. The inner panel support 156 includes a plurality of elongate members 158, each elongate member having a roadside end 160 and a curbside end 162. The roadside end 160 of each elongate member 158 forms an angle with the curbside end 162 of that elongate member that approximates the angle between the inner panel 150, and the intermediate panel 130 when the ramp assembly 100 is in a deployed position.
The inner panel support 156 is configured for rotating movement at the curbside end about an axis 176. In the illustrated embodiment, the curbside end 162 of each of the elongate members 158 is rotatably connected to the frame 102; however, any portion of the inner panel support can be coupled to any suitable structure to enable reciprocating movement of the inner panel 150 between the raised position and the lowered position.
The roadside end of the inner panel support 156 supports the inner panel 150 and is itself supported by a selectively rotatably eccentric bearing element 164. A bearing surface 166 is disposed on a lower portion of the inner panel support 156 to engage the eccentric bearing element 164. As the eccentric bearing element 164 is selectively rotated about its axis 180, the bearing element engages the bearing surface 166 to raise and lower the roadside end on the inner panel support 156.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the ramp assembly 100 is in the stowed position, the eccentric bearing element 164 is in a first position, wherein the inner panel support 156 is in a lowered position, and the inner panel 150 is disposed within the frame 102 and positioned below the ramp portion 110. As the ramp assembly 100 moves toward a deployed position, the eccentric bearing element 164 rotates to lift the roadside end of the inner panel support 156, thereby rotating the inner panel 150 about axis 176 to a raised position. When the inner panel 150 is in the raised position, the upper surface of the inner panel is generally horizontal and coplanar, i.e., flush, with the vehicle floor. When the ramp assembly moves from a deployed position to the stowed position, the eccentric bearing element 164 rotates back to the first position, thereby lowering the inner panel 150.
It should be appreciated that the illustrated mechanism for raising and lowering the inner panel 150 is exemplary and that alternative configurations are possible. In this regard, the number and locations of the eccentric bearing elements 164 can vary. Further, the profile of the cam surface of the eccentric bearing element 164 can be modified to change the movement of the inner panel as the ramp assembly 100 reciprocates between the stowed and deployed positions. It should also be appreciated that the mechanisms are not limited to eccentric bearings and cams, but can also include any number of different linkages. In one non-limiting example, a four-bar linkage is coupled to one or more inner panel supports 156 to raise and lower the inner panel 150. In another contemplated embodiment, one or more pins extend laterally from one or more rotatable links to support the inner panel supports. Rotation of the links moves the pins along an arcuate path to raise and lower the inner panel. While the described configurations are all adaptable to be driven by the drive assembly 230 described below, alternative configurations in which a separate actuator raises and lowers the inner panel 150 are also possible. These and other suitable configurations for raising and lowering the inner panel 150, are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIGS. 5-8, the intermediate panel 130 is constructed from well-known materials, and has an upper surface suitable for providing a transition surface from the inner panel 150 to the ramp portion 110 when the ramp assembly 100 is in a deployed position. As previously noted, the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 is rotatably connected to the ramp portion 110 about axis 170. The roadside end 134 of the intermediate ramp 130 is rotatably associated with the curbside end 154 of the inner panel 150.
In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate panel 130 is supported by an intermediate panel support 136 disposed beneath the intermediate panel. The roadside end of the intermediate panel support 136 is rotatably coupled to the inner panel support 156 about an axis 184 so that as the ramp assembly 100 reciprocates between the stowed position and a deployed position, the angle between the upper surface of the inner panel 150 and the upper surface of the intermediate panel 130 changes. In an alternate embodiment, the roadside end 134 of the intermediate panel 130 is coupled directly to the curbside end 154 of the inner panel 150 with a continuous hinge, or series of hinges. These, and other suitable configurations for establishing a rotational relationship between the inner panel 150 and the intermediate panel 130, are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Still referring to FIGS. 5-8, the intermediate panel support 136 includes a support member 190 extending downwardly from the curbside end of the intermediate panel support. During a first phase of deployment (FIGS. 5-7) the support member 190 selectively engages a latch mechanism 200 (FIG. 11) that is fixedly positioned relative to the frame 102. When the support member 190 is so engaged, the support member maintains the axis 170 about which the ramp portion 110 is connected to the intermediate panel 130 in a substantially fixed location. Although the axis 170 is maintained in a substantially fixed position, it will be appreciated that the axis 170 does move slightly as the intermediate panel 130 moves in response to the movement of the inner panel 150 between the raised and lowered positions.
During a second phase of deployment (FIGS. 7-8), the latch mechanism 200 selectively disengages the support member 190. With the support member 190 disengaged from the latch mechanism 200, continued actuation of the ramp portion 110 toward a deployed position rotates the ramp portion 110 about its curbside end 118. As a result, the axis 170 about which the ramp portion 110 is connected to the intermediate panel 130, moves in a downward direction until the intermediate panel reaches a predetermined position. In the predetermined position, the intermediate panel 130 is supported by the inner panel support 156. More specifically, when the intermediate panel 130 is in the predetermined position, the intermediate panel engages the elongate members 158 of the inner panel support 156. These portions of the inner panel support 156 maintain the intermediate panel 130 in the predetermined position when the ramp portion moves through the second phase of the deployment. It should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to a particular configuration for maintaining the intermediate panel in a predetermined position. In this regard, any number and types of restraints and supports can be utilized to maintain the intermediate panel 130 in the predetermined position when the ramp portion is in a deployed position, and such alternate configurations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, one embodiment of a latch mechanism 200 is shown. The latch mechanism 200 includes a C-shaped catcher 202 rotatably coupled to the frame 102 to selectively retain a pin 204 that forms part of the support member 190. The catcher 202 is rotatable between an engaged position (FIG. 9) and a released position (FIG. 10). In the engaged position, the pin 204 is at least partially disposed within a recess 212 formed in the catcher 202.
The latch mechanism 200 further includes a pawl 206 to selectively engage a notch 208 formed in the catcher 202. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the pawl 206 is rotatably coupled to the frame 102 proximate to the catcher 202 and is biased to contact the pawl by a spring 210. With the latch mechanism in the engaged position, the pawl 206 engages the notch 208 to prevent the catcher 202 from rotating toward the released position. At the same time, a pin 216 engages the catcher 202 to prevent further rotation away from the released position. Thus, as shown in FIG. 9, the pin 216 and the pawl 206 cooperate to lock the catcher 202 in the engaged position.
To unlock the latch mechanism 200, an actuator 214 (FIG. 11), which is operably coupled to the pawl 206, temporarily rotates the pawl in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIGS. 9 and 10 so that the pawl disengages from the notch 208 formed in the catcher 202. With the pawl 206 disengaged from the notch 208, the catcher 202 is free to rotate toward the disengaged position, thereby releasing the support member 190. With the support member 190 released from the latch mechanism 200, the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 is free to move to a lowered position as the ramp assembly 110 moves through the second deployment phase. Once the catcher 202 has rotated to the disengaged position, the actuator 214 releases the pawl 206, and the spring 210 biases the pawl back to engage a side of the catcher. The pawl 206 remains in sliding contact with the catcher 202 until the catcher returns to the engaged position, at which time the pawl engages the notch 208 to lock the catcher in the engaged position.
Still referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, when the ramp assembly 100 moves from the deployed position toward the stowed position, movement of the ramp portion 110 drives the support member 190 upward so that the pin 204 engages the recess 212 in the catcher 202 to rotate the catcher 202 toward the engaged position. When the catcher 202 reaches the engaged position, pin 216 engages the catcher to prevent further rotation. At the same time, the spring-loaded pawl 206 rotates back to engage the notch 208 in the catcher 202, thereby locking the latch mechanism 200 in the engaged position. In this manner, the pin 216 and the pawl 206 cooperate to retain the catcher 202 in the engaged position, thereby maintaining the axis 170, about which the ramp portion 110 and intermediate panel 130 are connected, in a generally fixed position.
As previously described, the latch mechanism 200 maintains the axis 170 in a fixed position during the first deployment phase, and allows the axis 170 to move in a downward direction during the second deployment phase. It will be appreciated that other configurations to selectively maintain the location of the axis 170 are possible. In one alternate embodiment, the curbside end of the intermediate panel 130 is supported by a rotatable cam. The profile of the cam surface is such that as the ramp assembly 100 initially moves from the stowed position, the cam supports the intermediate panel 130 in a fixed position, i.e., the cam profile has a constant radius during the first deployment phase. As the ramp assembly 100 begins the second deployment phase, the cam surface disengages the intermediate panel so that the cam no longer supports the intermediate panel. As a result, the axis 170 is free to move in a downward direction during the second deployment phase, as described above.
In another contemplated embodiment, a Geneva drive is utilized to reciprocate one or more support elements between engaged and disengaged positions. During the first deployment phase, the support elements are in the engaged position and support the curbside end of the intermediate panel to maintain the axis 170 in a generally fixed position. During the second deployment phase, the support elements move to a disengaged position so that the axis 170 is free to move downward. The Geneva drive, which translates continuous rotation into intermittent rotary motion, allows for the support elements to be driven between two positions by the constant rotary motion provided by the drive assembly 230 described below. In this manner, the support elements are reciprocated between an engaged position (supporting the intermediate panel) and a disengaged position (not supporting the intermediate panel), wherein each position is generally fixed throughout the first and second deployment phases, respectively.
In yet another contemplated embodiment, a separate actuator reciprocates support elements between engaged and disengaged positions. The support elements operate in a similar manner to those described above in the embodiment that utilizes a Geneva drive; however, rather than utilize the rotary motion of the drive assembly 230 described below, a separate actuator drives the support elements between the engaged and disengaged positions. These and other configurations to selectively maintain the position of the axis 170 are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, and 11, a drive assembly 230 actuates the ramp portion 110 to reciprocate between the stowed position and a deployed position. A forward portion of the drive assembly 230 is located on the forward side of the frame 102, and a rear portion of the drive assembly is similarly located on the rear side of the frame 102, wherein each element of the forward portion of the drive assembly 230 corresponds to a similar element of the rear portion of the drive assembly. For the sake of clarity, the forward portion of the drive assembly 230 is described herein with the understanding that unless otherwise indicated, each element of the forward portion has a corresponding element on the rear portion of the drive assembly 230.
As shown in FIG. 11, the drive assembly 230 includes a roadside sprocket 232 that is rotatably coupled to the roadside end of the forward side of the frame 102, so that the axis of rotation of the roadside sprocket 232 extends in the forward/rearward direction. The drive assembly 230 also includes a curbside sprocket 234 that is rotatably coupled to the curbside end of the forward side of the frame 102 to have an axis of rotation that is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the roadside sprocket 232. A drive chain assembly 236 forms an endless loop that engages the teeth of the curbside sprocket 234 and the teeth of the roadside sprocket 232. As a result, movement of the drive chain assembly 236 along the path of the endless loop rotates the roadside sprocket 232 and the curbside sprocket 234.
A drive shaft 238 is coupled to the roadside sprocket 232 and also to a motor 240 (rotary actuator) by a well known transmission assembly 242. The motor 240 is selectively operated to rotate the roadside sprocket 232, thereby moving the roadside sprocket 232 and the curbside sprocket 234 via the drive chain assembly 236. In one embodiment, a single motor 240 drives the roadside sprocket 232 of the forward portion of the drive assembly 230 and also the drive sprocket of the rear portion of the drive assembly 230. In another embodiment, each roadside sprocket 232 is driven by a separate motor 240. In other alternate embodiments, the drive shaft 238 connects the motor 240 to the curbside sprocket 234, or to a separate drive sprocket that engages the drive chain assembly 236.
One or more idler sprockets may be included in the drive assembly 230. The optional idler sprockets engage the drive chain assembly 236 to redirect the drive chain assembly 236 along a predetermined path. In one embodiment, the drive chain assembly 236 includes a turnbuckle that is selectively adjustable to increase or decrease the length of the drive chain assembly 236 in order to adjust the tension of the drive chain assembly.
It should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to the illustrated motor, which is shown as providing a rotary output, but can incorporate several other types of actuators. In one alternate embodiment, a linear actuator is utilized to drive the ramp assembly between the stowed and deployed positions. For such an embodiment, a suitable mechanism for converting linear motion into rotary motion is utilized. Non-limiting examples of such a mechanism include a rack and pinion system and a linkage. Further, the present disclosure is not limited to electric motors (actuators), but can also include hydraulic systems or any other suitable mechanism for providing a driving force to reciprocate the ramp assembly between the stowed and deployed positions.
As illustrated in FIGS. 12-15, a drive arm 250 is fixedly coupled to extend radially from the curbside sprocket 234. The drive arm 250 includes an elongate slot 252 formed therein. A bearing element 254 is coupled to the ramp portion and is at least partially disposed within the slot 252. As the drive assembly rotates the curbside sprocket 234, the drive arm 250 engages the bearing element 254 to apply a moment to the ramp portion, thereby driving the ramp portion between the stowed position (FIG. 12) and a deployed position (FIG. 15).
The slot 252 and bearing element 254 configuration allows the drive arm 250 to drive the ramp portion 110 even though the axis of rotation 170 of the ramp portion is not coincident with the axis of rotation 182 of the drive arm 250. Moreover, this configuration allows for the relative positions of the axes 170 and 182 to change as the ramp assembly 100 moves through the first and second deployment phases. It should be appreciated that alternate configurations for engaging the drive arm 250 with the ramp portion 110 are possible. In one alternate embodiment, the bearing element is disposed on the drive arm 250 and engages a slot formed in the ramp portion. This and other alternate embodiments suitable for coupling the drive arm 250 to the ramp portion to drive the ramp portion between the stowed position and a deployed position are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIG. 11, the eccentric bearing element 164 is coupled to the drive shaft 238 so that rotation of the drive shaft rotates the eccentric bearing element 164 to raise and lower the roadside end 152 of the inner panel 150. As a result, rotation of the drive shaft 238 moves both the eccentric bearing element 164 and the drive arm 250 so that movement of the inner panel 150 and the ramp portion 110 are synchronized.
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the drive assembly 230 further includes a counterbalance assembly 260. The counterbalance assembly 260 can be any known counterbalance assembly that biases the ramp portion toward the neutral position, i.e., a position wherein the center of gravity of the ramp portion 110 is located above the axis of rotation 170 of the ramp portion, so that the center of gravity imparts no moment about the axis of rotation. By biasing the ramp portion 110 toward the neutral position, the counterbalance assembly counteracts some or all of the weight of the ramp, thereby reducing the actuating force required to reciprocate the ramp assembly 100 between the stowed position and a deployed position. As a result, a smaller motor is required, and wear on that motor is reduced. One exemplary counterbalance suitable for use with the ramp assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,681,272, issued to Morris et al., which is incorporated by reference herein. It will be appreciated that the counterbalance of Morris et al., is only one exemplary counterbalance suitable for use with the presently disclosed ramp assembly, and that any number of other suitable counterbalance assemblies can by utilized in conjunction with or in place of the referenced counterbalance.
As previously noted, when the ramp assembly 100 is in the stowed position, the ramp portion 110 is located such that the ramp portion is positioned over the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150, and the lower surface 112 of the ramp portion 110 faces upward and is substantially coplanar, i.e., flush, with the floor (not shown) of the vehicle. When the ramp assembly 100 is in the stowed position, the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150 are disposed within the frame 102. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, when the ramp assembly 100 is in the stowed position, the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150 are positioned so that the upper surfaces of the panels 130 and 150 are generally oriented such that the roadside end of each panel is lower than the curbside end of that panel. It should be appreciated that the orientation of the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150, relative to each other and to the frame 102 of the ramp assembly 100 when the ramp assembly, is in the stowed position may vary without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
Referring to FIGS. 1-10, the deployment motion of the ramp assembly 110 includes a first phase and a second phase. During the first phase, the ramp assembly 110 moves from the stowed position (FIGS. 1 and 5) to a first deployed position (FIGS. 3 and 7). As the ramp assembly 110 travels through the first phase, the support member 190 remains engaged with the locked latch mechanism 200. As a result, the axis 170 about which the ramp portion 110 is coupled to the intermediate panel 130 maintains a generally fixed location; although some movement of the axis 170 occurs as the intermediate panel rotates about the pinned connection to the latch mechanism 200.
To drive the ramp assembly 100 through the first phase, the motor 240 rotates the drive shaft 238 in a first direction to rotate both the drive arm 250 and the eccentric bearing element 164. As shown in FIGS. 12-15, rotation of the drive arm 250 rotates the ramp portion 110 about axis 170. At the same time, the eccentric bearing element 164 rotates to raise the roadside end 152 of the inner panel 150, thereby moving the inner panel from a lowered position to a raised position.
In the disclosed embodiment, the first deployment phase ends when the ramp portion 110 has rotated through a predetermined angle about axis 170. To determine the travel and, thus, the position of the ramp, a sensor (not shown) detects the position of the drive shaft 238. It should be appreciated that the type and position of the sensor is not limited to one that detects the position of the drive shaft 238, but can include sensors associated with the ramp portion 110, other parts of the drive system, the intermediate panel, the inner panel, or any other suitable portion of the ramp assembly.
As shown in FIG. 7, when the ramp assembly 100 is located in the first deployed position at the end of the first deployment phase, the intermediate panel 130 and the inner panel 150 have generally horizontal upper surfaces. The ramp portion 110 extends outward and downward toward the alighting surface 90. If the alighting surface 90 is a curb having sufficient height, the ramp portion 110 will contact the alighting surface, and the slope of the ramp portion 110 may be gradual enough that further deployment of the ramp assembly 100 through the second phase is unnecessary.
The second deployment phase begins when the actuator 214 rotates the pawl 206 to unlock the latch mechanism 200. Unlocking the latch mechanism 200 allows the support member 190 to disengage from the catcher 202. This, in turn, allows the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 and, therefore, axis 170 to move in a downward direction. If the ramp portion 110 is not already in contact with the alighting surface 90 when the ramp assembly is in the first deployed position and the latch mechanism is unlocked, then the weight of the ramp portion creates a moment about the bearing element 254 that tends to lift the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130. As a result, the support member 190 remains engaged with the latch mechanism 200, and the ramp portion continues to rotate about generally fixed axis 170 until the ramp portion contacts the alighting surface 90.
Once the curbside end 118 of the ramp portion 110 contacts the alighting surface 90, either in the first deployed position or after the ramp portion has rotated through an initial part of the second deployment phase, further rotation of the drive arm 250 about axis 182 drives the bearing element 254 to rotate the ramp portion 110 about its curbside end 118. As the ramp portion 110 rotates about its curbside end 118, the hinge axis 170 moves in a downward direction, driving the support member 190 so that it disengages from the unlocked latch mechanism 200. Thus, the ramp portion 110, which rotated in a first direction relative to the intermediate panel 130 during the first deployment phase, now rotates in a second direction, opposite the first direction, relative to the intermediate panel during the second deployment phase. As a result, the ramp portion 110 and the intermediate panel 130, which are positioned relative to each other to form an angle of greater than 180° in the first deployed position, move such that the angle formed therebetween approaches approximately 180° when the ramp assembly 100 is in the second deployed position.
With the ramp portion 110 and the intermediate panel 130 forming an angle of approximately 180°, the ramp portion and the intermediate panel cooperate to provide a substantially flat transition surface from the inner panel 150 to the alighting surface 90. Although the ramp portion 110 and the intermediate panel 130 of the disclosed ramp assembly 100 form an angle of approximately 180° in the second deployed position, the distance between the vehicle floor and the alighting surface, road crown, the inclusion of a “kneeling” feature on the vehicle, the length of the ramp portion, and other factors can affect relative positions of the ramp portion and the intermediate panel in the second deployed position. Accordingly, it should be understood that the angle between the ramp portion 110 and the intermediate panel 130 in the second deployed position can vary. These and other variations in the configuration of the deployed ramp assembly are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the disclosed subject matter.
In the illustrated embodiment, the second deployed position is reached when the intermediate panel 130 has achieved a predetermined angle relative to the inner panel 150. This predetermined angle is reached when the intermediate panel 130 contacts portions of the inner panel support 156 as shown in FIG. 8. In this manner, the inner panel support 156 acts as a stop to limit the downward travel of the hinge axis 170 during the second phase and also provides support to the intermediate panel 130 when the ramp assembly 100 is in a fully deployed position.
To move the ramp assembly 100 from a deployed position to the stowed position, the motor 240 rotates the drive shaft 238 in a reverse direction. This rotation moves the drive arm 250 to raise the curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 until the support member 190 engages the latch mechanism 200. With the position of curbside end 132 of the intermediate panel 130 generally fixed by the latch mechanism 200, further rotation of the drive arm 250 rotates the ramp portion 110 about axis 170 until the ramp portion has returned to the stowed position. As the drive arm 250 drives the ramp portion 110 toward the stowed position, the eccentric bearing element 164 rotates to lower the roadside end 152 of the inner panel 150 until the inner panel has returned to its lowered position.
Referring now to FIGS. 16-23, a ramp assembly 100 with an alternative drive assembly 230 is illustrated. The illustrated embodiment is similar to the previously described embodiment, but instead uses a linkage 270 to transfer the driving force from the motor 240 (actuator) to the ramp portion 110. Similar to the previously described embodiment, a drive arm 272 is fixedly coupled to the curbside sprocket 234. The drive arm 272 extends radially from the curbside sprocket 234 so that the drive arm rotates with the curbside sprocket 234 about a common axis of rotation.
The drive arm 272 is connected to the ramp portion 110 by a link 274 that is rotatably coupled at one end to the drive arm 272 and at the other end to the ramp portion 110. The linkage 270 formed by the drive arm 272 and the link 274 is a scissor-type linkage that is capable of providing a driving force to the ramp portion from the motor 240. As the drive assembly rotates the curbside sprocket 234, the drive arm 272 drives the link 274 to apply a moment to the ramp portion, thereby reciprocating the ramp portion between the stowed position (FIG. 20) and a deployed position (FIG. 23). Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 20-23, the angle between the drive arm 272 and the link 274 changes throughout the ramp motion to account for the fact that the ramp portion 110 and the drive arm 272 rotate about different axes.
It should be appreciated that the illustrated linkage is exemplary only and should not be considered limiting. In this regard, the position and lengths of the drive arm 272 and link 274 can vary. In addition, alternate linkage configurations that utilize one or more additional rotating or sliding links, or any other known linkage configuration can be utilized to drive the ramp portion 110. Further, the linkage need not be coupled to a sprocket, but can be coupled to a rotary or linear actuator either directly or indirectly using a known transmission configuration. These and other alternate embodiments suitable for coupling a linkage to the ramp portion to drive the ramp portion between the stowed position and a deployed position are contemplated and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring now to FIGS. 11 and 24, an alternate embodiment of a ramp assembly 100 is configured to account for conditions under which deployment of the ramp assembly 100 results in a ramp portion 110 slope relative to a horizontal plane that is greater than a predetermined angle. As best shown in FIG. 24, the disclosed embodiment includes a proximity sensor 280 mounted to the drive shaft 238 by a sensor fitting 282. The sensor fitting 282 is rotatably mounted to the drive shaft 238 such that the drive shaft extends through an aperture formed in the sensor fitting. As the drive shaft 238 rotates, the center of gravity of the sensor fitting 282/sensor 280 combination, which is located below the drive shaft, maintains the position of the sensor fitting. In this regard, the sensor fitting 282 acts as a pendulum that hangs from the drive shaft 238. Because the pendulum is free to move relative to the drive shaft 238, the drive shaft rotates as the ramp assembly 100 moves between the stowed and deployed positions, while the sensor fitting 282 maintains a constant orientation relative to a horizontal plane.
A target 284 is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft 238 so that the target moves along an arcuate path when the drive shaft 238 rotates to drive the ramp assembly 100 between the stowed and deployed positions. The target 284 is positioned on the drive shaft 238 so that the target is detected by the sensor 280 when the ramp portion 110 reaches a predetermined deployment angle.
The described sensor fitting 282 configuration is advantageous in that it allows the sensor 280 to sense an “absolute” angle of the ramp portion 110, i.e. the angle relative to a horizontal plane (normal to the direction of gravity) regardless of the orientation of the vehicle. In this respect, if the vehicle is not level due to road crown, engagement of a kneeling feature, or some other reason, the position of the drive shaft 238 and, therefore, the target 284 reflect the orientation of the vehicle. At the same time, gravity acts on the sensor fitting 282 to maintain the position of the sensor fitting relative to a horizontal plane, even as the vehicle position changes. Thus, the position of the target in relation to the sensor changes with vehicle position. This change in position is additive to any change in relative position of the target 284 to the sensor 280 due to ramp deployment, i.e., due to rotation of the drive shaft.
When the ramp portion 110 reaches the deployment angle, the sensor 280 detects the target 284, and the operator is alerted that the “absolute” angle of the ramp portion 110 has reached or exceeded the predetermined angle. In this regard, the ramp assembly 100 is configured to provide a feedback signal to the ramp operator when the ramp portion 110 deploys to at least the predetermined deployment angle. Embodiments are contemplated wherein operator input is required to deploy the ramp portion 110 beyond the predetermined deployment angle. Alternatively, deployment beyond the predetermined angle can be the default, wherein the operator is able to override the default to selectively prevent the ramp portion 110 from further deployment once the predetermined angle has been reached or passed.
In order to alert the operator that the ramp portion 110 has reached the predetermined deployment angle, the sensor 280 senses whether or not the ramp portion 110 has reached or passed through the predetermined deployment angle. If the ramp portion 110 has reached the predetermined deployment angle, the sensor 280 provides a sensor output to a controller 300. In response to the sensor output, the controller 300 controls an alert device to provide an alert, thereby indicating to the operator that the predetermined deployment angle has been reached or exceeded. The alert can be audial, visual, haptic, or any other suitable signal or combination of signals. Non-limiting examples of a visual signal can include a flashing light, a change in color of a display, or any other suitable signal.
In the illustrated embodiment, rotation of the drive shaft 238 corresponds to the rotation of the ramp portion 110 in a 1:1 ratio because the roadside and curbside sprockets 232 and 234 have a gear ratio of 1. It will be appreciated that the sensor 280/target 284 combination can be adapted to work in conjunction with various drive mechanisms. For example, the sensor 280/target 284 combination can be utilized with drive assemblies wherein the drive shaft rotation corresponds to ramp rotation in a ratio greater than or less than 1:1. For ratios wherein the ratio of drive shaft rotation to ramp rotation is less than 1, the disclosed configuration is suitable provided that the target 284 is positioned such that the sensor 280 senses the target when the ramp portion 110 reaches the predetermined deployment angle. For ratios wherein the ratio of drive shaft rotation to ramp rotation is greater than 1, it is possible that the drive shaft 238 will rotate more than 360° to move the ramp portion 110 from the stowed position to the predetermined deployment angle. As a result, the target 284 will pass by the sensor 280 more than once during the deployment motion. For such configurations, the controller 300 can be programmed not to respond to the sensor 280 sensing the target until the drive shaft 238 has rotated through the angle required to move the ramp portion 110 from the stowed position to the predetermined deployment angle.
It will be further appreciated that the sensor 280/target 284 combination is not limited to use with a drive shaft, but can be utilized with any ramp component that moves with the ramp portion 110. In this regard, the sensor 280/target 284 combination can be adapted to use with any component that moves and has a predictable position corresponding to a given position of the ramp portion 110.
It will also be appreciated that the disclosed sensor 280/target 284 is suitable for use with a variety of different ramp configurations. For example, the disclosed ramp assembly 100 includes an intermediate panel 130 and a two stage deployment; however, the disclosed sensor 280/target 284 combination can be used on a simple fold out ramp with a ramp portion having a fixed axis of rotation. Similarly, the disclosed sensor 280/target 284 combination can be used with ramp assemblies having a moving inner floor. These and other ramp configurations that include a fold out ramp portion can utilize the disclosed sensor 280/target 284 combination, and such configurations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Alternate embodiments are contemplated wherein the position and type of sensor vary from the disclosed exemplary embodiment. In this regard, any type or types of sensors configured to detect a ramp deployment angle relative to a horizontal plane can be utilized and should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure. Referring now to FIG. 25, an alternate sensor configuration is shown. The configuration is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, but utilizes a different type of sensor such that no sensor target is required. In the ramp assembly 100 of FIG. 25, a sensor 280 is fixedly secured to the drive shaft 238 by a sensor fitting 282 such that rotation of the drive shaft moves the sensor 280 along a predetermined path.
In the disclosed embodiment, the switch 280 is a gravity based switch, such as a mercury switch, a ball switch, or any other such switch that uses gravity to sense a switch position. Gravity-based switches of this type are commercially available and provide a sensor signal to indicate when the switch has reached a predetermined position.
The sensor 280 is mounted to the sensor fitting 282 so that when the ramp portion 110 reaches a predetermined “absolute” deployment angle relative to a horizontal plane, the sensor sends a sensor signal to the controller 300. Because the sensor 280 is tripped by its position relative to the direction of gravity, the sensor accounts for any vehicle tilt. Having received the sensor signal, the controller 300 then alerts the operator and/or controls further ramp deployment in the manner described with respect to previous embodiments.
The illustrated exemplary embodiment of the ramp assembly is described with the understanding that alternate embodiments exist within the scope of the present disclosure. In one alternate embodiment, the ramp assembly does not include a movable inner panel. Instead, the inner panel maintains a fixed position relative to the vehicle floor through the entire ramp motion. For such an embodiment, an eccentric bearing member is not required. In another alternate embodiment, the ramp assembly does not include an inner panel; instead, the intermediate panel is rotatably associated with the floor of the vehicle.
Another alternate embodiment of the disclosed ramp assembly uses one or more separate actuators to drive the motion of the ramp through the second deployment phase, i.e., to lower the hinged connection between the ramp portion and the intermediate panel. Moreover, the actuator or actuators are not limited to the disclosed electric motor. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the ramp assembly can be modified to use a number of different types of actuators, including linear actuators, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, and any other suitable devices for moving the ramp assembly through the deployment motion.
Various embodiments utilizing different control methods are also contemplated. In one embodiment, an operator activates a single switch to deploy and stow the ramp assembly 100. When the switch is activated, the ramp assembly deploys through the first and second deployment phases regardless of the distance between the alighting surface and the vehicle floor. In one alternate embodiment, sensors detect when the ramp portion contacts the alighting surface and, based on the slope of the ramp portion at that position, a controller determines whether or not deployment through the second deployment phase is necessary.
In yet another possible embodiment, the operator selectively activates one of two switches, depending on the type of alighting surface. If the alighting surface is a curb, the operator activates the corresponding switch, and the ramp portion moves through the first deployment phase until the ramp portion contacts the curb. If the alighting surface is a road, then the operator activates the second switch, and the ramp assembly deploys through the first and second deployment phases to provide a transition surface between the road and the vehicle floor.
In yet another contemplated embodiment, the operator can selectively control the rotation of the drive arm 250 and the release of the latching mechanism 200 to control the ramp assembly so that the ramp portion and the intermediate panel, respectively, are at desired orientations throughout the deployment of the ramp assembly.
While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter.

## Claims

1. A ramp assembly for providing a transition surface from a vehicle floor to an alighting surface, the ramp assembly comprising:
(a) a ramp portion coupled for reciprocating movement between a stowed position and a deployed position, the ramp portion being rotatable about an axis associated with a first end of the ramp portion;
(b) a target operably associated with the ramp portion, the target reciprocating along a predetermined path when the ramp portion reciprocates between the stowed position and the deployed position,
(c) a sensor fitting rotatably mounted about an axis that maintains a fixed position relative to the vehicle floor, the sensor fitting maintaining a fixed orientation relative to a horizontal plane; and
(d) a sensor mounted to the sensor fitting, wherein the sensor senses the target when the ramp portion is in a predetermined position relative to the horizontal plane and sends a signal to a controller, the signal indicating that the ramp portion has reached the predetermined position.

2. The ramp assembly of claim 1, further comprising a drive shaft operatively coupled to the ramp portion, rotation of the drive shaft in a first direction driving the ramp portion toward the stowed position, rotation of the drive shaft in a second direction rotating the ramp portion toward the deployed position.

3. The ramp assembly of claim 2, wherein the target is fixedly coupled to the drive shaft.

4. The ramp assembly of claim 3, wherein rotation of the drive shaft moves the target along an arcuate path.

5. The ramp assembly of claim 2, wherein the sensor fitting is rotatably mounted to the drive shaft.

6. The ramp assembly of claim 5, wherein the sensor comprises a pendulum.

7. The ramp assembly of claim 2, wherein a ratio of ramp to drive shaft rotation is approximately 1:1.

8. The ramp assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a proximity sensor.

9. A ramp assembly for providing a transition surface from a vehicle floor to an alighting surface, the vehicle floor having an orientation relative to a horizontal plane, the ramp assembly comprising:
(a) a ramp portion coupled for rotating movement between a stowed position and a deployed position;
(b) a drive assembly operatively coupled to the ramp portion, the drive assembly moving to drive the ramp portion between the stowed position and the deployed position;
(c) a sensor configured to sense a position of an element of the drive assembly, the position of the element corresponding to an angle of the ramp portion relative to a horizontal plane, the sensor providing a sensor output when the ramp portion has deployed to at least a predetermined angle relative to the horizontal plane, wherein the predetermined angle is independent of the orientation of the vehicle floor relative to the horizontal plane; and
(d) an alert device providing an alert in response to the sensor output.

10. The ramp assembly of claim 9, wherein the alert comprises at least one of an audial alert, a visual alert, and a haptic alert.

11. The ramp assembly of claim 9, further comprising a controller receiving the sensor output, the controller preventing deployment of the ramp portion beyond the predetermined angle relative to the horizontal plane.

12. The ramp assembly of claim 11, further comprising an override input to allow an operator to selectively deploy the ramp portion beyond the predetermined angle relative to the horizontal plane.

13. The ramp assembly of claim 9, wherein deployment of the ramp assembly beyond the predetermined angle relative to the horizontal plane requires operator input.

14. The ramp assembly of claim 9, the element of the drive assembly comprising a drive shaft operatively coupled to the ramp portion, rotation of the drive shaft in a first direction driving the ramp portion toward the stowed position, rotation of the drive shaft in a second direction rotating the ramp portion toward the deployed position.

15. The ramp assembly of claim 14, wherein the sensor comprises a gravity-based sensor.

16. The ramp assembly of claim 15, wherein the sensor comprises a mercury switch fixedly coupled to the drive shaft.

17. The ramp assembly of claim 15, wherein the sensor comprises a ball switch fixedly coupled to the drive shaft.