IC 

★

115TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION S. 2497 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

AUGUST 3, 2018 

Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Science, Space, and Technology, for a period 

to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 

concerned 

AN ACT 

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms 

Export Control Act to make improvements to certain 

defense and security assistance provisions and to authorize the appropriations of funds to Israel, and for other 

purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘United States-Israel Security Assistance Authorization 

4 Act of 2018’’. 

5 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

6 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Appropriate congressional committees defined. 

TITLE I—SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL 

Sec. 101. Findings. 

Sec. 102. Statement of policy regarding Israel’s defense systems. 

Sec. 103. Assistance for Israel. 

Sec. 104. Extension of war reserves stockpile authority. 

Sec. 105. Extension of loan guarantees to Israel. 

Sec. 106. Joint assessment of quantity of precision guided munitions for use by 

Israel. 

Sec. 107. Transfer of precision guided munitions to Israel. 

Sec. 108. Modification of rapid acquisition and deployment procedures. 

Sec. 109. Eligibility of Israel for the strategic trade authorization exception to 

certain export control licensing requirements. 

TITLE II—ENHANCED UNITED STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION 

Sec. 201. United States-Israel space cooperation. 

Sec. 202. United States Agency for International Development-Israel enhanced 

partnership for development cooperation in developing nations. 

Sec. 203. Authority to enter into a cooperative project agreement with Israel 

to counter unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten the United 

States or Israel. 

TITLE III—ENSURING ISRAEL’S QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE 

Sec. 301. Statement of policy. 

7 SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE8 FINED. 

9 In this Act, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com10 mittees’’ means— 

11 (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 

12 the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and 


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1 (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 

2 Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep3 resentatives. 

4 TITLE I—SECURITY ASSISTANCE 

5 FOR ISRAEL 

6 SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) In February 1987, the United States grant9 ed Israel major non-NATO ally status. 

10 (2) On August 16, 2007, the United States and 

11 Israel signed a ten-year Memorandum of Under12 standing on United States military assistance to 

13 Israel. The total assistance over the course of this 

14 understanding would equal $30,000,000,000. 

15 (3) On July 27, 2012, the United States-Israel 

16 Enhanced Security Cooperation Act of 2012 (Public 

17 Law 112–150; 22 U.S.C. 8601 et seq.) declared it 

18 to be the policy of the United States ‘‘to help the 

19 Government of Israel preserve its qualitative military 

20 edge amid rapid and uncertain regional political 

21 transformation’’ and stated the sense of Congress 

22 that the United States Government should ‘‘provide 

23 the Government of Israel defense articles and de24 fense services through such mechanisms as approVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:55 Sep 06, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2497.RFH S2497

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1 priate, to include air refueling tankers, missile de2 fense capabilities, and specialized munitions’’. 

3 (4) On December 19, 2014, President Barack 

4 Obama signed into law the United States-Israel 

5 Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (Public Law 113– 

6 296) which stated the sense of Congress that Israel 

7 is a major strategic partner of the United States 

8 and declared it to be the policy of the United States 

9 ‘‘to continue to provide Israel with robust security 

10 assistance, including for the procurement of the Iron 

11 Dome Missile Defense System’’. 

12 (5) Section 1679 of the National Defense Au13 thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 

14 114–92; 129 Stat. 1135) authorized funds to be ap15 propriated for Israeli cooperative missile defense 

16 program codevelopment and coproduction, including 

17 funds to be provided to the Government of Israel to 

18 procure the David’s Sling weapon system as well as 

19 the Arrow 3 Upper Tier Interceptor Program. 

20 (6) On September 14, 2016, the United States 

21 and Israel signed a ten-year Memorandum of Under22 standing reaffirming the importance of continuing 

23 annual United States military assistance to Israel 

24 and cooperative missile defense programs in a way 


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1 that enhances Israel’s security and strengthens the 

2 bilateral relationship between the two countries. 

3 (7) The 2016 Memorandum of Understanding 

4 reflected United States support of Foreign Military 

5 Financing (FMF) grant assistance to Israel over the 

6 ten year period beginning in fiscal year 2019 and 

7 ending in fiscal year 2028. FMF grant assistance 

8 would be at a level of $3,300,000,000 annually, to9 taling $33,000,000,000, the largest single pledge of 

10 military assistance ever and a reiteration of the 

11 seven-decade, unshakeable, bipartisan commitment 

12 of the United States to Israel’s security. 

13 (8) The Memorandum of Understanding also 

14 reflected United States support for funding for coop15 erative programs to develop, produce, and procure 

16 missile, rocket, and projectile defense capabilities 

17 over a ten year period beginning in fiscal year 2019 

18 and ending in fiscal year 2028 at a level of 

19 $500,000,000 per year, totaling $5,000,000,000. 

20 SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ISRAEL’S DE21 FENSE SYSTEMS. 

22 It shall be the policy of the United States to provide 

23 assistance to the Government of Israel in order to support 

24 funding for cooperative programs to develop, produce, and 

25 procure missile, rocket, projectile, and other defense capaVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:55 Sep 06, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2497.RFH S2497

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1 bilities to help Israel meet its security needs and to help 

2 develop and enhance United States defense capabilities. 

3 SEC. 103. ASSISTANCE FOR ISRAEL. 

4 (a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR

5 ISRAEL.—Section 513(c) of the Security Assistance Act 

6 of 2000 (Public Law 106–280; 114 Stat. 856) is amend7 ed— 

8 (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘2002 and 

9 2003’’ and inserting ‘‘2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 

10 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, and 2028’’; 

11 (2) in paragraph (2)— 

12 (A) by striking ‘‘equal to—’’ and inserting 

13 ‘‘not less than $3,300,000,000.’’; and 

14 (B) by striking subparagraphs (A) and 

15 (B). 

16 SEC. 104. EXTENSION OF WAR RESERVES STOCKPILE AU17 THORITY. 

18 (a) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS

19 ACT, 2005.—Section 12001(d) of the Department of De20 fense Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108–287; 

21 118 Stat. 1011) is amended by striking ‘‘after September 

22 30, 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘after September 30, 2023’’. 

23 (b) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.—Section 

24 514(b)(2)(A) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

25 U.S.C. 2321h(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘2013, 


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1 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘2018, 

2 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.’’. 

3 SEC. 105. EXTENSION OF LOAN GUARANTEES TO ISRAEL. 

4 Chapter 5 of title I of the Emergency Wartime Sup5 plemental Appropriations Act, 2003 (Public Law 108–11; 

6 117 Stat. 576) is amended under the heading ‘‘LOAN

7 GUARANTEES TO ISRAEL’’— 

8 (1) in the matter preceding the first proviso, by 

9 striking ‘‘September 30, 2019’’ and inserting ‘‘Sep10 tember 30, 2023’’; and 

11 (2) in the second proviso, by striking ‘‘Sep12 tember 30, 2019’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 

13 2023’’. 

14 SEC. 106. JOINT ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITY OF PRECISION 

15 GUIDED MUNITIONS FOR USE BY ISRAEL. 

16 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President, acting through the 

17 Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, is author18 ized to conduct a joint assessment with the Government 

19 of Israel with respect to the matters described in sub20 section (b). 

21 (b) MATTERS DESCRIBED.—The matters described 

22 in this subsection are the following: 

23 (1) The quantity and type of precision guided 

24 munitions that are necessary for Israel to combat 


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1 Hezbollah in the event of a sustained armed con2 frontation between Israel and Hezbollah. 

3 (2) The quantity and type of precision guided 

4 munitions that are necessary for Israel in the event 

5 of a sustained armed confrontation with other armed 

6 groups and terrorist organizations such as Hamas. 

7 (3) The resources the Government of Israel can 

8 plan to dedicate to acquire such precision guided 

9 munitions. 

10 (4) United States plans to assist Israel to pre11 pare for sustained armed confrontations described in 

12 this subsection as well as the ability of the United 

13 States to resupply Israel with precision guided muni14 tions in the event of confrontations described in 

15 paragraphs (1) and (2), if any. 

16 (5) The current United States inventory of the 

17 precision guided munitions described in paragraphs 

18 (1) and (2), and an assessment whether such inven19 tory meets the United States total munitions re20 quirement. 

21 (c) REPORT.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days after 

23 the date on which the joint assessment authorized 

24 under subsection (a) is completed, the President 


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1 shall submit to the appropriate congressional com2 mittees a report that contains the joint assessment. 

3 (2) FORM.—The report required under para4 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

5 but may contain a classified annex. 

6 SEC. 107. TRANSFER OF PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS TO 

7 ISRAEL. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 514 of 

9 the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321h), 

10 the President is authorized to sell such quantities of preci11 sion guided munitions from reserve stocks to Israel as nec12 essary for legitimate self-defense and otherwise consistent 

13 with the purposes and conditions for such sales under the 

14 Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). 

15 (b) CERTIFICATIONS.—Except in case of emergency, 

16 not later than 5 days before making a sale under this sec17 tion, the President shall certify in an unclassified notifica18 tion to the appropriate congressional committees that the 

19 sale of the precision guided munitions— 

20 (1) does not affect the ability of the United 

21 States to maintain a sufficient supply of precision 

22 guided munitions; 

23 (2) does not harm the combat readiness of the 

24 United States or the ability of the United States to 


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1 meet its commitment to allies for the transfer of 

2 such munitions; and 

3 (3) is necessary for Israel to counter the threat 

4 of rockets in a timely fashion. 

5 SEC. 108. MODIFICATION OF RAPID ACQUISITION AND DE6 PLOYMENT PROCEDURES. 

7 (a) REQUIREMENT TO ESTABLISH PROCEDURES.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 806(a) of the Bob 

9 Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fis10 cal Year 2003 (10 U.S.C. 2302 note; Public Law 

11 107–314) is amended— 

12 (A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘‘; 

13 and’’; 

14 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the pe15 riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 

16 (C) by adding at the end the following new 

17 paragraph: 

18 ‘‘(3) urgently needed to support production of 

19 precision guided munitions— 

20 ‘‘(A) for United States counterterrorism 

21 missions; or 

22 ‘‘(B) to assist an ally of the United States 

23 under direct missile threat from— 

24 ‘‘(i) an organization the Secretary of 

25 State has designated as a foreign terrorist 


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1 organization pursuant to section 219 of the 

2 Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 

3 1189); or 

4 ‘‘(ii) a country the government of 

5 which the Secretary of State has deter6 mined, for purposes of section 6(j) of the 

7 Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 

8 U.S.C. 4605(j)) (as in effect pursuant to 

9 the International Emergency Economic 

10 Powers Act), section 620A of the Foreign 

11 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371), 

12 section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act 

13 (22 U.S.C. 2780), or any other provision 

14 of law, is a government that has repeatedly 

15 provided support for acts of international 

16 terrorism.’’. 

17 (2) PRESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES.—Not later 

18 than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 

19 this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe 

20 procedures for the rapid acquisition and deployment 

21 of supplies and associated support services for pur22 poses described in paragraph (3) of section 806(a) 

23 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization 

24 Act for Fiscal Year 2003, as added by paragraph 

25 (1)(A) of this subsection. 


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1 (b) USE OF AMOUNTS IN SPECIAL DEFENSE ACQUI2 SITION FUND.—Section 114(c)(3) of title 10, United 

3 States Code, is amended by inserting before the period at 

4 the end the following: ‘‘or to assist an ally of the United 

5 States that is under direct missile threat, including from 

6 a terrorist organization supported by Iran, and such 

7 threat adversely affects the safety and security of such 

8 ally’’. 

9 SEC. 109. ELIGIBILITY OF ISRAEL FOR THE STRATEGIC 

10 TRADE AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION TO CER11 TAIN EXPORT CONTROL LICENSING RE12 QUIREMENTS. 

13 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find14 ings: 

15 (1) Israel has adopted high standards in the 

16 field of export controls. 

17 (2) Israel has declared its unilateral adherence 

18 to the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Aus19 tralia Group, and the Nuclear Suppliers Group. 

20 (3) Israel is a party to— 

21 (A) the Convention on Prohibitions or Re22 strictions on the Use of Certain Conventional 

23 Weapons which may be Deemed to be Exces24 sively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Ef25 fects, signed at Geneva October 10, 1980; 


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1 (B) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the 

2 Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or 

3 Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of 

4 Warfare, signed at Geneva June 17, 1925; and 

5 (C) the Convention on the Physical Protec6 tion of Nuclear Material, adopted at Vienna Oc7 tober 26, 1979. 

8 (4) Section 6(b) of the United States-Israel 

9 Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8603 

10 note) directs the President, consistent with the com11 mitments of the United States under international 

12 agreements, to take steps so that Israel may be in13 cluded in the list of countries eligible for the stra14 tegic trade authorization exception under section 

15 740.20(c)(1) of title 15, Code of Federal Regula16 tions, to the requirement for a license for the export, 

17 reexport, or in-country transfer of an item subject to 

18 controls under the Export Administration Regula19 tions. 

20 (b) REPORT ON ELIGIBILITY FOR STRATEGIC TRADE

21 AUTHORIZATION EXCEPTION.— 

22 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 

23 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

24 President shall submit to the appropriate congres25 sional committees a report that— 


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1 (A) describes the steps taken to include 

2 Israel in the list of countries eligible for the 

3 strategic trade authorization exception as re4 quired under 6(b) of the United States-Israel 

5 Strategic Partnership Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 

6 8603 note; Public Law 113–296); and 

7 (B) includes what steps are necessary for 

8 Israel to be included in such a list of countries 

9 eligible for the strategic trade authorization ex10 ception. 

11 (2) FORM.—The report required under para12 graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 

13 but may contain a classified annex. 

14 TITLE II—ENHANCED UNITED 

15 STATES-ISRAEL COOPERATION 

16 SEC. 201. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL SPACE COOPERATION. 

17 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find18 ings: 

19 (1) Authorized in 1958, the National Aero20 nautics and Space Administration (NASA) supports 

21 and coordinates United States Government research 

22 in aeronautics, human exploration and operations, 

23 science, and space technology. 

24 (2) Established in 1983, the Israel Space Agen25 cy (ISA) supports the growth of Israel’s space indusVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:55 Sep 06, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2497.RFH S2497

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1 try by supporting academic research, technological 

2 innovation, and educational activities. 

3 (3) The mutual interest of the United States 

4 and Israel in space exploration affords both nations 

5 an opportunity to leverage their unique abilities to 

6 advance scientific discovery. 

7 (4) In 1996, NASA and the ISA entered into 

8 an agreement outlining areas of mutual cooperation, 

9 which remained in force until 2005. 

10 (5) Since 1996, NASA and the ISA have suc11 cessfully cooperated on many space programs sup12 porting the Global Positioning System and research 

13 related to the sun, earth science, and the environ14 ment. 

15 (6) The bond between NASA and the ISA was 

16 permanently forged on February 1, 2003, with the 

17 loss of the crew of STS–107, including Israeli Astro18 naut Ilan Ramon. 

19 (7) On October 13, 2015, the United States 

20 and Israel signed the Framework Agreement be21 tween the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis22 tration of the United States of America and the 

23 Israel Space Agency for Cooperation in Aeronautics 

24 and the Exploration and Use of Airspace and Outer 

25 Space for Peaceful Purposes. 


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1 (b) CONTINUING COOPERATION.—The Administrator 

2 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

3 shall continue to work with the Israel Space Agency to 

4 identify and cooperatively pursue peaceful space explo5 ration and science initiatives in areas of mutual interest, 

6 taking all appropriate measures to protect sensitive infor7 mation, intellectual property, trade secrets, and economic 

8 interests of the United States. 

9 SEC. 202. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 

10 DEVELOPMENT-ISRAEL ENHANCED PART11 NERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION 

12 IN DEVELOPING NATIONS. 

13 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It should be the policy 

14 of the United States Agency for International Develop15 ment (USAID) to partner with Israel in order to advance 

16 common goals across a wide variety of sectors, including 

17 energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, human 

18 rights and governance, economic growth and trade, edu19 cation, environment, global health, and water and sanita20 tion. 

21 (b) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—The Ad22 ministrator of the United States Agency for International 

23 Development is authorized to enter into memoranda of un24 derstanding with Israel in order to enhance coordination 

25 on advancing common goals on energy, agriculture and 


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1 food security, democracy, human rights and governance, 

2 economic growth and trade, education, environment, glob3 al health, and water and sanitation with a focus on 

4 strengthening mutual ties and cooperation with nations 

5 throughout the world. 

6 SEC. 203. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE 

7 PROJECT AGREEMENT WITH ISRAEL TO 

8 COUNTER UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES 

9 THAT THREATEN THE UNITED STATES OR 

10 ISRAEL. 

11 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find12 ings: 

13 (1) On February 10, 2018, Iran launched from 

14 Syria an unmanned aerial vehicle (commonly known 

15 as a ‘‘drone’’) that penetrated Israeli airspace. 

16 (2) According to a press report, the unmanned 

17 aerial vehicle was in Israeli airspace for a minute 

18 and a half before being shot down by its air force. 

19 (3) Senior Israeli officials stated that the un20 manned aerial vehicle was an advanced piece of tech21 nology. 

22 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the 

23 Congress that— 


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1 (1) joint research and development to counter 

2 unmanned aerial vehicles will serve the national se3 curity interests of the United States and Israel; 

4 (2) Israel faces urgent and emerging threats 

5 from unmanned aerial vehicles, and other unmanned 

6 vehicles, launched from Lebanon by Hezbollah, from 

7 Syria by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps, or from 

8 others seeking to attack Israel; 

9 (3) efforts to counter unmanned aerial vehicles 

10 should include the feasibility of utilizing directed en11 ergy and high powered microwave technologies, 

12 which can disable vehicles without kinetic destruc13 tion; and 

14 (4) the United States and Israel should con15 tinue to work together to defend against all threats 

16 to the safety, security, and national interests of both 

17 countries. 

18 (c) AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized 

20 to enter into a cooperative project agreement with 

21 Israel under the authority of section 27 of the Arms 

22 Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767), to carry out 

23 research on, and development, testing, evaluation, 

24 and joint production (including follow-on support) 

25 of, defense articles and defense services, such as the 


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1 use of directed energy or high powered microwave 

2 technology, to detect, track, and destroy unmanned 

3 aerial vehicles that threaten the United States or 

4 Israel. 

5 (2) APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS.—The cooper6 ative project agreement described in paragraph (1) 

7 shall— 

8 (A) provide that any activities carried out 

9 pursuant to the agreement are subject to— 

10 (i) the applicable requirements de11 scribed in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) 

12 of section 27(b)(2) of the Arms Export 

13 Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767(b)(2)); and 

14 (ii) any other applicable requirements 

15 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 

16 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) with respect to the 

17 use, transfers, and security of such defense 

18 articles and defense services under that 

19 Act; 

20 (B) establish a framework to negotiate the 

21 rights to intellectual property developed under 

22 the agreement; and 

23 (C) include appropriate protections for sen24 sitive technology. 

25 (d) REPORT ON COOPERATION.— 


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1 (1) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 

2 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

3 Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congres4 sional defense committees (as that term is defined in 

5 section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code), the 

6 Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and 

7 the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 

8 Representatives a report describing the cooperation 

9 of the United States with Israel with respect to 

10 countering unmanned aerial systems that includes 

11 each of the following: 

12 (A) An identification of specific capability 

13 gaps of the United States and Israel with re14 spect to countering unmanned aerial systems. 

15 (B) An identification of cooperative 

16 projects that would address those capability 

17 gaps and mutually benefit and strengthen the 

18 security of the United States and Israel. 

19 (C) An assessment of the projected cost for 

20 research and development efforts for such coop21 erative projects, including an identification of 

22 those to be conducted in the United States, and 

23 the timeline for the completion of each such 

24 project. 


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1 (D) An assessment of the extent to which 

2 the capability gaps of the United States identi3 fied pursuant to subparagraph (A) are not like4 ly to be addressed through the cooperative 

5 projects identified pursuant to subparagraph 

6 (B). 

7 (E) An assessment of the projected costs 

8 for procurement and fielding of any capabilities 

9 developed jointly pursuant to an agreement de10 scribed in subsection (c). 

11 (2) LIMITATION.—No activities may be con12 ducted pursuant to an agreement described in sub13 section (c) until the date that is 15 days after the 

14 date on which the Secretary of Defense submits the 

15 report required under paragraph (1). 

16 TITLE III—ENSURING ISRAEL’S 

17 QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE 

18 SEC. 301. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

19 It is the policy of the United States to ensure that 

20 Israel maintains its ability to counter and defeat any cred21 ible conventional military, or emerging, threat from any 

22 individual state or possible coalition of states or from non23 state actors, while sustaining minimal damages and cas24 ualties, through the use of superior military means, pos25 sessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, comVerDate Sep 11 2014 23:55 Sep 06, 2018 Jkt 079200 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S2497.RFH S2497

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1 mand, control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, 

2 and reconnaissance capabilities that in their technical 

3 characteristics are superior in capability to those of such 

4 other individual or possible coalition states or non-state 

5 actors. 

Passed the Senate August 1, 2018. 

Attest: JULIE E. ADAMS, 

Secretary. 


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