For reasons of economy, this document is pr inted in a limited number. Delegates are kindly asked to bring their copies to mee tings and not to request additional copies.

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

IMO 

# E

MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE 60th session Agenda item 2 MEPC 60/2/7 25 August 2009 Original: ENGLISH

HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANI SMS IN BALLAST WATER

Application for Basic Approval of Kw ang San Co., Ltd. (KS) Ballast Water Management System ìEn-Ballastî

Submitted by the Republic of Korea

SUMMARY
Executive summary: This document contains the non-conf idential information related to the application for Basic Appr oval of Kwang San Co., Ltd. (KS) Ballast Water Management System ìEn-Ballastî, under the ìProcedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57)
Strategic direction: 7.1
High-level action: 7.1.2
Planned output: 7.1.2.4

Action to be taken: Paragraph 6

Related documents: BWM/CONF/36; MEPC 53/24/Add.1; MEPC 58/23 and BWM.2/Circ.18

Introduction

1 Regulation D-3.2 of the BWM Convention for the Control and Management of Shipsí Ballast Water and Sediments stipulates that ba llast water management systems that make use of Active Substances to comply with the C onvention shall be approved by the Organization.

2 The ìProcedure for approval of ballast wate r management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î, adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57), defines the principal aspects to be documented by data or testing (MEPC 57/ 21, annex 1, paragraph 4.2.1) and provisions for risk characterization and analysis (MEPC 57/21, a nnex 1, section 5). According to section 6 of Procedure (G9), the Organization should evaluate the informati on provided in the application.MEPC 60/2/7 - 2 -

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 3 According to BWM.2/Circ.18, proposals for ap proval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances are to be submitted to the Marine Environment Division of the Organization to be reviewed by the GE SAMP-Ballast Water Working Group. In the meantime, a document on the proposal for appr oval containing all the non-confidential data related to the respective ballast water manageme nt systems that make use of Active Substance needs to be submitted to MEPC 60.

4 The competent authority in the Republic of Korea has verified the application dossier prepared by Kwang San Co., Ltd. (KS) and believe s it to satisfy the data requirements of Procedure (G9).

5 The Republic of Korea therefore submits th e non-confidential part of the applicantís dossier in the annex of this document to the Organization for evaluation according to Procedure (G9). The complete dossier will be made available to the experts of the GESAMP-BWWG with th e understanding of conf idential treatment.

Action requested of the Committee

6 The Committee is invited to consider the pr oposal for approval and decide as appropriate.

***MEPC 60/2/7

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc ANNEX

NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATIO N ON THE KS BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ìEN-BALLASTî

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ìEN-BALLAS Tî BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BWMS)

2.1 General 2.2 The process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 2.3 The components of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 2.4 Laboratory-scale facility 2.5 Results of efficacy test

3 IDENTIFICATIONS OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT CHEMICALS AND OTHER CHEMICALS

3.1 Active Substance 3.2 Relevant Chemical 3.3 Basic parameters of test water 3.4 Identification of Active Substance, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals including gas

4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquatic plants , invertebrates and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1) 4.2 Mammalian toxicity 4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations and the treated ballast water

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity 6.2 Evaluation of the treated ballast water 6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Ship and personnel safety 7.2 Risks to human health 7.3 Risks to the aquatic environment 7.4 Human Exposure ScenarioMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 2

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint 8.2 Test report data quality

9 REFERENCES

10 APPENDICES

Appendix 1 - System description of the laboratory-scale ìEn-Ballastî Ballast Water Management Ssystem (BWMS)
Appendix 2 - QAPP and Efficacy Test Report
Appendix 3 - QAPP, COC records and test results for chemicals
Appendix 4 - COC records and test results for aquatic toxicity
Appendix 5 - Material Safety Data Sheet
Appendix 6 - MAM-PEC resultsMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX

Page 3

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Description °C Degrees Celsius AS Active Substance BWM Ballast Water Management BWMS Ballast Water Management System cm Centimetre DOC Dissolved organic Carbon EPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency g Gram g/h Gram per hour HAA Halogenated Acetic Acid HOBr Hypobromous acid HOCl Hypochlorous acid ISO International Standard Organization Koc Partition coefficient L Litre LEL Lower explosive level LC50 Median lethal dose LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level μm Micrometer m3/hr Cubic meters per hour MAM-PEC Marine Antifouling Model to Predict Environmen t Concentration mg Milligram MOS Margin of Safety mV Millivolt N.D Not Detected NOAEL No Observable adverse effect level NOEC No-effect Concentration NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential PEC Predicted Environmental Concentration pH Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution PNEC Predicted No-effect Concentration PLC Programmable logic control POC Particulate Organic Carbon Pow Octanol-water Partition Coefficient THM Trihalomethanes TOC Total Organic Carbon TRO Total Residual Oxidant TSS Total Suspended Solids WHO World Health OrganizationMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 4

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc This report is structured in accordance with th e headlines in the ìProcedure for approval of Ballast Water Management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î.

1 INTRODUCTION

This ìEn-Ballastî BWMS is designed by Kwang San Co., Ltd. The appl icant is proposing a combined system using a filtrat ion module for mechanical separa tion, an electrolytic disinfection module as a post-treatment and neutralization module. During ballasting, most aquatic organisms and large size particles larger than 50 μ m in the water are removed by an automatic back-flushing filter. The organisms and other particles retained by the filter are returned overboard by an automatic back-flushing pump. The electrolys is module generates mainly sodium hypochlorite in situ directly from seawater without the addition or mixing of any other chemicals (figure 1). During de-ballasting, any resi dual Active Substance is neutralized by sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) which is injected from the neutralization system (see appendix 1). The control panel controls the electric current value by a signal fr om the TRO sensor. Du ring de-ballasting, the neutralization module injects a so dium thiosulfate solution into the de-ballasting pipe if residual TRO concentration is higher than 0.2 mg/L . This procedure is controlled and operated with an electrical signal from the TRO sensor and the control panel with proportional control. Therefore, ballast water treated by the ìEn-Ball astî BWMS can safely be discharged without undesirable effects to the environment. All processes are controlled by programmable logic control (PLC) in the control panel.

Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMSMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX

Page 5

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ìEN-BALLAS Tî BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2.1 General

2.1.1 Principles of disinfection

Chlorine has been used for a powerful disinfec ting solution for several decades in many water treatment applications such as disinfection of dri nking/potable water, swimming pools, anti-fouling control of industrial equipment in power, oil and gas cooli ng towers, and marine applications around the world (Alexander, et al., 2003). Natural seawater contains about 19 mg/L of chloride which is used to generate sodium hypochlorite directly from the sea water by electrochemical process as follows:

The electrolysis of NaCl solutions to form sodium hypochlorite is shown in the overall reaction as equation (1).

2NaCl + 2H 2 O → 2Na + + 2OH - + H 2 + Cl 2 (1)

At the anode, both water and chloride are oxidized to produce oxygen (equation 2) and chlorine (Cl 2 ) (equation 3), respectively.

2H 2 O → O 2 + 4H + + 4e - (2)

2Cl - → Cl 2 + 2e - (3)

At the cathode, free hydrogen is formed according to equation (4).

2 H 2 O + 2 e - → H 2 ( g ) + 2 OH - (4)

The free chlorine formed at the anode re acts immediately with water to form hypochlorous acid according to equation (5).

Cl 2 + H 2 O → HOCl + H + + Cl - (5)

Hypochlorous acid dissociates to hypochlorite ion and H + in the bulk solution equation (6). Dissociation depends on se veral factors, mainly pH, see figure 2.

HOCl ↔ OCl - + H + (6)

The disinfecting effect of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite is due to the release of atomic oxygen which is highly reactive, according to equations (7) and (8).

HOCl → O + Cl - + H + (7)

OCl - → O + Cl - (8)

Thus, the chloride ions consumed by the elect rochemical process at the anode (equation 3) causing the production of hypochlorous acid and hypochl orite as disinfectants are produced again during the disinfection processes.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 6

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc The total concentration of dissolved chlorine in seawater for disinfection is termed active chlorine, available chlorine, residual chlorine or free chlorine and the sum of three possible species, Cl 2 , HClO, and OCl - . In the pH range 6~9, the free chlorine is almost entirely constituted by hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hypochlorite (OCl - ) (Rosalam and Duduku, 2007), see figure 2.

Figure 2: The equilibrium of HOCl/OCl - vs. pH dependent (at 20 °C)

The free hydrogen gas formed at the cathode is highly explosiv e and a lower explosive level (LEL) of hydrogen in air is four percent. Th e free hydrogen gases is diluted by air to less than one percent (v/v) and discharged over board through a ventilation system.

While the hydroxyl radical formed by electrolysis pr ocess is a strongly oxidizing substance, it is very short lived and can only act on micro-organisms in the immedi ate vicinity of the electrode surface. In most cases by far, the most import ant part of the disinfecting effect is due to hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid produced on the anode from the natural seawater. But, hypochlorous acid is more powerful disinfecting oxidant than hypochlorite.

Natural seawater contains approximately 60 mg/L of bromine. Bromine in seawater reacts to form hypobromous acid and hypobromite ion according to equations (9) and ( 10), respectively. The following reactions occur only in seawater systems:

HOCl + Br - → HOBr + Cl - (9)

HOBr → OBr - + H + (10)

Hypobromous acid acts as a disinfectant when injected into the main ballast pipe.

Seawater contains many kinds of metals incl uding large amounts of ma gnesium and calcium. This reacts with the hydroxide which is produ ced at the cathode to form metal hydroxides and carbonates that form deposits on surface of the cat hode. The suspended solids are easily flushed from the electrode cells during normal operati on. The tenacious depos its on cathode require periodic cleaning with an acid to dissolve the deposits. So the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS is designed in order to reduce the cleaning time. Further de tails are given in section 2.3.2 of this document.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX

Page 7

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 2.1.2 Neutralization of TRO in de-ballasting water

Sodium thiosulfate solution is injected into the de-ballasting water for neutralization of remaining TRO. TRO is neutralized according to equations (11) and (12). Further details are given in section 2.3.3 of this document.

Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 4OCl - + H 2 O → 2NaCl + 2SO 4 + 2HCl (11)

Na 2 S 2 O 3 + 4OBr - + H 2 O → 2NaBr + 2SO 4 + 2HBr (12)

2.2 The Process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

The ballast water is treated during ballasting by an automatic back-flushing filter and an electrolysis module (figure 3). During ballasting, the automatic back-flushing filter removes aquatic organisms and pa rticles larger than 50 μ m and back-flushing water including organisms and particles, which is retain ed by the filter is returned ove rboard. The electrolysis module produces sodium hypochlorite as the main Active Substance (see section 3.1). This compound is injected into the main ballasting pipe. The ballasting water is mixed with TRO solution when pumped to the ballast tank and aquatic organism s in the ballasting water are disinfected by TRO during holding in ballast tank. During de-balla sting, the filtration m odule and electrolysis module are bypassed.

Figure 3: Schematic process diagram of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMSMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 8

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Control of the TRO concentration

The electrochemical disinfectant produced a co ncentration of up to ca. 500-2000 mg/L as Cl 2 of TRO by electrolysis modules and then the disinfectan t in the NaOCl storage tank is injected into the main ballast stream. Initial concentrati ons of TRO equivalent to ca. 7 mg/L as Cl 2 disinfect more than 99% of the aquatic micro-organism s including bacteria in the ballast tanks. The amount of TRO injected into th e main ballast pipe is controll ed by a TRO sensor behind the point of injection. Fo r the optimal disinfection efficien cy, the control system of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS should maintain the consta nt concentration of TRO ca. 7 mg/L during ballasting. The main controller ad justs and controls the electric cu rrent to the electrolysis module by proportional control algorithm based on signals from the TRO sensor. During de-ballasting, the neutralization module injects so dium thiosulfate solution into the de-ballasting pipe if TRO concentrations are higher than 0.2 mg/L as Cl 2 . The neutralization m odule is operated and controlled by signals from the TRO sensor and the main controller w ith proportional control algorithm. Therefore, the ballast water trea ted by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS can safely be discharged without undesir able effects to the environment. All processes are controlled by programmable logic control (PLC) in the control pa nel. The ballast water treatment process of shipboard tests consists of the steps shown in figure 4.

Figure 4: Schematic process diagram of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMSMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX

Page 9

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 2.3 The components of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

The system is composed of five main modules:

.1 Filtration module;

.2 Electrolysis module;

.3 Neutralization module;

.4 Sensors and transmitters (conductiv ity, pressure transmitter, TRO, flowrate transmitter, pressure transmitter); and

.5 Control panel and auxiliary devices.

The detailed description is presented in appendix 1.

2.3.1 Filtration module

The filtration module is composed of a 50 μ m filter element with an automatic back-flushing function. The filter removes larger particles and organisms from th e water. The filter is fully automatic in terms of its operation and cleaning without interrupting the filtration process, and back-flushing water is returned into the sea in situ . The filter operates onl y during ballasting. The removal of larger organisms and partic les by filtration reduces the amount of Active Substances (AS) required for disinfection.

2.3.2 Electrolysis module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 Primary electrolyzer;

.2 Secondary electrolyzer;

.3 Rectifier/Transformer;

.4 Intake/injection pump;

.5 Control panel;

.6 NaOCl storage tank;

.7 Sensors, pressure gauge and valves; and

.8 Degas blower.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 10

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc The ballast water is treated by Active Substanc es (AS) produced by el ectrolysis module during ballasting to disinfect aquatic organisms in th e ballast water. The primary electrolyzer is constructed with polarity reversal to prevent the formation of cr usts of deposit material on the electrodes of the secondary electrolysis module as well as to generate sodi um hypochlorite half as much as the secondary electroly zer; and by this cleaning effect, it maintains a consistently high efficiency of the electrodes of the secondary el ectrolysis module. The secondary electrolyzer, consisting of bipolar electrodes, generates sodium hypochlorite, and this module does not have polarity reversal. The AS produced by the sec ond electrolyzer is collected in a storage tank before being injected into the main ballasting pipe by an injection pump.

Gas produced such as hydrogen gas and chlorine gas during electrolysis process should be vented overboard with degas blower blowing safely.

2.3.3 Neutralization module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 Storage tank of sodium thiosulfate solution;

.2 Injection pump of sodium thiosulfate solution; and

.3 Control panel.

During the de-ballasting, the conc entration of TRO of the discha rge water is measured by the TRO sensor. The maximum allowable concentra tion of TRO of the discharge water is less than 0.2 mg/L as Cl 2 . The sensor monitors the TRO concen trations continuously and controls the addition of sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ), which instantly neutraliz es the TRO concentration.

2.3.4 Sensors and transmitters

Conductivity and TRO sensors and flowrate pressu re transmitters are ap plied. The conductivity sensor is online type and installed at the he ad of the electrolysis module to measure the conductivity of the ballast water. In the first step , the measured conductivity is used for setting of the electric current magnitude of the rectifier. The TRO sensor is online type and installed at the ballasting pipe to measure the concentration of sodium hypochlorite and to control the electric current magnitude of rectifier. In the second step, the TRO sensor , which is installed at the end of the electrolysis module measures the TRO concentration and controls the electric current magnitude of the rectifier during ballasting if TRO concentration is higher or lower than the TRO concentration of 7 mg/L as Cl 2
. In the laboratory-scale test of the ìEn-Balla stî BWMS, the TRO concentrations have been measured by using both the online TRO sensor and the portable TRO sensor in order to compare the accuracy of the online TRO sensor with the por table TRO sensor. The detailed description is presented in appendix 1.

During de-ballasting, the concen tration of sodium thiosulfate, which is injected to the deballasting pipe, is controlled proportional to TRO concentration.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 11

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc The flowrate transmitter is used for measuring the ballasting flowrate and the de-ballasting flowrate and for controlling the el ectric current magnitude of rec tifier proportional to flowrate. Pressure transmitter is installed at the head point of the inlet of filtrati on module and at the rear point of the ballasting pipe conne cted to electrolysis module, and it measures the pressure drop through the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS for mon itoring appropriate control condition.

2.3.5 Control panel and auxiliary devices

The control panel controls and monitors all modules, sensors and transmitters and alarms at a stage of emergency at different levels . See further details in appendix 1.

2.4 Laboratory-scale test facility

The laboratory-scale test facility is shown in fi gure 5 and is illustrated in figure 6 schematically.

Figure 5: Laboratory-sca le test facility at Kwang San Co. Ltd, Busan, the Republic of Korea

Red circles indicate c onductivity (1), TRO (2), ORP (3), pH (4) and gas (5) sensors.

Flow rate: 5 m 3 /h Treatments: Treatment only during ballasting Power consumption: 0.12 kW for electrolysis module Salinity: 35 PSU (seawater), 23 PSU (brackish water) Neutralization solution: Sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 )MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 12

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc The main steps of the ballast water treatment process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: Schematic process diagram of the laborato ry-scale test facility of ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

Note: Filter module (FM), sensor of total residual oxidant (TRO), and the oxidation and reduction potential (ORP)

Working process of the ìEn-Ballastî BW MS for the laboratory-scale test

The ballast pump pumps th e test water, Tank-1 c ontaining organisms, ba cteria, starch for POC and glucose for DOC to the treated tank (Tank-2) and the control tank (Tank-3). For biological efficacy tests, in the first step the conductivity measured by conductivity sensor located in the head of the electrolysis module is used for se tting up the electric curr ent and voltage in the rectifier. Initial conc entration of TRO equivalent to ca. 7 mg/L as Cl 2 is effective enough to disinfect most organisms in the test water cont aining various concentrations of suspended solids and organic substances, satisfying D-2 standard. Then, the concen tration of TRO is maintained as the constant (ca. 7 mg/L as Cl 2 ) by using the online TRO sensor during ballasting. From the laboratory test results, the maxi mum TRO concentration of the de-ballasting water, after five days of storage, has been decreased to be low 0.2 mg/L by injecting s odium thiosulfate with the neutralization module.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 13

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Sampling and measurement

Sampling locations (valves) are shown in figur e 6. All samples for chemical analyses and performance analyses were collected from S1 to S6 (Tables 1-2). S1 is the sampling site of the test water tank for raw seawater containing orga nisms, heterotrophic bacteria and some organic matters after pre-filtration. S2 and S3 are sampling sites of the treated water tank and the control water tank on day 1 after ballasting, respectively. S4 is the sampling site for NaOCl, the storage tank of electrolysis module. S5 and S6 represent the control water and the treated water after five days at discharge stage, respectively.

The laboratory-scale test facility has five sa mpling points in the pipeline of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. The three tanks each have three sampling valves, which were located in the top, middle and bottom, in order to sample the homogeneous water. S5 and S6 sampling sites are used for sampling the control water and the treated water during de-ballasting. All activities related to the ìEn-Ballastî project were carri ed under quality a ssurance project plan (QAPP), which was prepared by Kwang San Co., Ltd., KOMERI, KT R and MEI (see appendices 2, 3 and 4).

Table 1: Sample information and sample tag for testing of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

Sample for Control
water Treated
water On-site
measurements Off-site
measurement Remarks Toxicity S5 - - Acute toxicity de-Ballasting S1 * S33S1D0 - Test water

S2 - S33S2D0 S33S2D1 Ballasting

S3 S33S3D0 S33S3S1 - Ballasting S4 - S33S4D0 Ballasting Chemical Analysis

S5/6 S33S6D5 S33S5D5 - TRO

- DOC, POC

- Chemicals:

Active substance Relevant chemicals de-ballasting S1 S33S1D0 - Test water S3 - S33S2D0 Ballasting S4 S33S3D0 - Ballasting Performance

Analysis S5/6 S33S6D5 S33S5D5 - DO

- ORP

- pH

- Salinity

- Turbidity

- Temperature - Organisms: > 50 μ m, ≥ 10 and ≤ 50 μ m

- Bacteria

- TSS de-Ballasting

* S33S1D0 indicates S33 salinity >33 PSU, S1 sampling point 1, and D0 day 0, respectively.

Table 2: Sample information for effica cy testing of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

Sample for Sampling location Volume of Sample Remark

Test water 1 S1 5 L/20 L/1 L /1 L/1 L/1 L Treated water during ballasting on day 0 S2 5 L/0.1 m 3 /10 L /1 L/1 L/1 L Control water after ballasting on day 0 S3 5 L/20 L/1 L /1 L/1 L/1 L Treated water during de-ballasting on day 5 S5 5 L/0.1 m 3 /10 L /1 L/1 L/1 L Control water during de-ballasting on day 5 S6 5 L/20 L/1 L /1 L/1 L/1 L Basic water parameter: DO, ORP, pH, Salinity, temperature, turbidity Viable organisms: ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm Bacteria: Heterotrophic, E. coli , intestinal Enterococci , toxicogenic V. cholerae

1 Test waters including organism ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 14

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 2.5 Results of efficacy test

Laboratory-scale test was carried out in accordance with Guidelines (G8). Test water conditions for the testing are shown in Table 3. Starch, gl ucose and heterotrophic b acteria were added to satisfy the test water standard. Despite addition of several additives, the concentration of DOC and POC was less than the requirements of Guid eline (G8) for the 35 PSU and 23 PSU testing water, respectively (Table 3).

Table 3: Basic parameters of te st water for 35 PSU and 23 PSU

Salinity (PSU) * DOC (mg/L) POC (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Temp. (°C) pH DO (mg/L) ORP (mV) Turbidit y (NTU)
35 PSU 35.32 2.23 0.72 14.8 17.21 8.06 7.39 384 1.76
23 PSU 23.01 4.45 21.3 102.4 18.36 8.15 7.81 456 30.8

* DOC is estimated from total organic carbon (TOC).

The concentrations of viable organisms more than 10 to 50 μ m and more than 50 μ m satisfied the requirement of Guidelines (G8) (Table 4).

Table 4: Concentration of organisms and types of organisms in the test water

Viable organism Salinity ≥ 50 μ m (inds.m 3 ) ≥ 10-50 μ m (inds/mL) Heterotrophic bacteria (cells/mL) 35 PSU 160 500 4 div. 11 spp. 1 840 4 phy. 10 spp. 80,000 23 PSU 239 500 5 div. 8 spp. 2 547 4 phy. 8 spp. 120,000

Test results for 35 PSU and 23 PSU are shown in Table 5. All test resu lts except for viable organism ( ≥ 50 μ m) satisfied the regulation D-2. The reason for exceeding the regulation D-2 in viable organisms ( ≥ 50 μ m) is as follows:

The filter used in laboratory-scale test is not an auto-backflushing filter so filter elements should be cleaned after every test. Assembling the filter element after cleaning the filter element was done manually, the top cover of filter housing was not assembled tightly, and a large amount of viable organisms was not filtered. The mistake has been fixed.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 15

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 5: Data summary for the laboratory-scale test of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

Salinity 35 PSU / 23 PSU

Elapsed time Day 0 Day 5

Treated 1

water Test item Test water Control
water Electrolyzer Treated
water Control water Before neutralization After neutralization DOC (mg/L) 2.23/4.45 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA POC (mg/L) 0.72/21.3 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA TSS (mg/L) 14.8/102.4 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA FRO (mg/L as Cl 2 ) 0/0 0/0 180/280 0/2.8 0/ 0 0.8/0.15 < 0.05/NA TRO (mg/L as Cl 2 ) 0/0 0/0 460/495 4.1/5.2 0/0 1.4/0.25 < 0.2/NA Viable organism ( ≥ 10 - 50 μ m) (ind./mL) 1,840 /2,547 1.893 /2,379 NA/NA 1/1 595/1,102 NA/1 1/NA

Viable organism ( ≥ 50 μ m) (ind./mL) 160,500 /239,500 177,750 /241,500 NA/NA 75,600/840 48,750/27,250 NA/180 2 160 2 /NA

Heterotrophic bacteria (cells/mL) > 80,000 /120,000 > 80,000 />23,909 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA

Escherichia coli (cfu/100 mL) 0/29 0/39 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA

Intestinal Enterococci (cfu/100 mL) 26/3 34/5 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA

Vibrio cholerae (cfu/100 mL) 0/0 0/0 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA

1 The de-ballasted water in 23 PSU testing was not neutralized by a sodium thiosulf ate solution. TRO concentration of the de-ballasting water is < 0.25 mg/L as Cl 2 .
2 Concentration of viable organism ( ≥ 50 μ m) were exceeded the regulation D-2 (> 10 individuals/m 3 ) in 35 PSU and 23 PSU test, respectively.
NA, not available.

3 IDENTIFICATION OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT CHEMICALS AND OTHER CHEMICALS

3.1 Active Substance (AS)

The electrolyzer module produces Cl 2 at the anode and it reacts immediately with saline water to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in equilibrium with hypochlorite ion (OCl - ) and hypobromous acid (HOBr) in equilibriu m with hypobromous ion (OBr - ). As the test water was analysed, these compounds including chloramines and bromines are regarded as Active S ubstances since all of these compounds have disinfecting effects. Tabl e 6 shows the list of AS of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS.

For chemical analysis, COC record and rela ted materials, please refer to appendix 3.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 16

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 6: List of Active Substa nces of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

Concentration (mg/L) at Substance CAS number 35 PSU 23 PSU Initial (day 0) 4.1 5.2 TRO as Cl 2 Discharge (day 5) NA < 0.2 0.25 *

FRO as Cl 2 NA 3.00 2.85 * Hypochlorous acid 7790-92-3 Hypobromous acid N/A Sodium hypochlorite 7681-52-9 Sodium hypobromite 13824-96-9

* The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L. N/A, not available.

3.2 Relevant Chemical (RC)

The production of TRO and FRO by elec trolysis process from chloride s in natural waters leads to the formation of Relevant Chemicals, such as halogenated volatile organic compounds, chlorinated phenol, brominated phenol, halogenated acetic acid (HAA), halogenate d acetonitrile (HAN) and trihalomethane (THM). The applicant has tested the formation of by-products in the laboratory-scale test for 35 PS U and 23 PSU water in accordance with Guidelines (G8) and Procedure (G9). The results are reported for test water, control water, water immediately after electrolysis, and treated water on day 0 (ballas ting), control water and treated water on day 1, control water and treated water on day 5 (de- ballasting), respectively (Tables 7-25). Risk characterization according to the requirements of Procedure (G9) is given in section 6.

3.3 Identification of Active Substance, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals including gas

3.3.1 Active Substances

FRO and TRO (Table 7) were analysed by the Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to Drinking Water Quality Standard and Test ES 05310, Korea (20 07, OT-method) and/or US EP A 330.3 (1978).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 17

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc

Table 7: Concentrations of Free Residual Ox idant (FRO) and Total Residual Oxidant (TRO)

Salinity 35 PSU 23 PSU FRO TRO FRO TRO Time MDL (mg/L) 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 Test water 1 ND ND ND ND Control ND ND ND ND Electrolyzer 180.00 460.0 280.00 495.0 Day 0

Treated 3.00 4.1 2.80 5.2 Control ND ND ND ND Day 1 Treated 1.40 2.3 1.00 1.8 Control ND ND ND ND Treated 0.80 1.4 0.15 0.25 Day 5 Treated after neutralization < 0.05 < 0.2 NA 2 NA 2

1 Test waters including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L.

Bromate and bromide (Tables 8-9) were analysed by KTR, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to ISO 15061 (2001, HPLC/Agilent/USA) and US EPA 300.1 (1997, IC/DX-500/Dionex/USA), respectively.

Table 8: Concentration of bromate (BrO 3 - ) and bromide (Br - )

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized)

Bromate 0.55 ( μ g/L) N.D N.D 51.7 50.9 N.D 40.2 N.D 2.17

Bromide 0.01 40.7 40.2 7.45 42.4 41.2 43.7 42.5 45.6

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 9: Concentration of bromate (BrO 3 - ) and bromide (Br - )

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2

Bromate 0.55 ( μ g/L) N.D N.D 48.5 45.7 N.D 1.85 N.D 1.37

Bromide 0.01 31.3 31.6 5.99 30.7 32.3 30.5 31.3 31.8

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 18

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 3.3.2 Relevant Chemicals

Absorbable organic halogens (AOX) and Halogenated volatile organic compounds (Tables 10-11) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research In stitute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to ISO 9562 (2004, Cl 10/Behr Labor-Technik/Germany) and US EPA 524.2 (1995, Purge- trap GC-MS/Agilent/ USA), respectively.

Table 10: Concentration of haloge nated volatile organic compounds

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) Absorbable organic halogens (AOX) 0.01 0.46 0.52 1.14 0. 46 0.85 0.77 0.68 0.84

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 0.42 N.D 0.38 0.25 N.D 0.13 N.D N.D
1,1,2,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D
1,1,1,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 N. D 0.02 N.D N.D

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 N. D N.D 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.01

1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.21 N.D N.D N.D N.D
1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 0.25 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2-Dichloropropane 0.02 N.D N.D 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D 0.05 0.13 0.04 N.D N.D N.D N.D

Bromobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Bromochloromethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.26 0.27 0. 33 0.24 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.15

cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dibromomethane 0.01 N.D N.D 1.04 0.70 N.D 0.62 N.D 0.41

Dichloromethane 0.02 0.54 N.D 0. 40 0.17 0.47 0.26 0.42 0.33

Tetrachloroethene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Tetrachloromethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.DMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 19

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) trans-1,2- dichloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 N. D ND 19.2 1.65 0 4.75 0 8.79

Dichlorobromomethane 0.01 N.D ND 6.02 5.14 0 0.29 0 0.19

Trichloromethane 0.01 0.24 0.25 1.20 0 0.16 0 0 0.00

Tribromomethane 0.01 N.D 0.47 90. 9 41.1 0.44 120 0.37 232

1 Test waters including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 11: Concentration of haloge nated volatile organic compounds

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ

g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electrolyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2 Absorbable organic halogens (AOX) 0.01 0.53 0.46 0.85 0.43 0.48 0.70 0.79 0.77

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 0.91 0.85 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 N. D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D
1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1,1-Dichloroethene 0.01 0.43 0.42 0.54 0.52 0.15 0.38 N.D 0.20

1,2-Dichloropropane 0.01 1.13 1.29 0.06 0.01 0.03 N.D N.D N.D

1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Bromobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Bromochloromethane 0.01 N.D N. D 0.52 0.41 N.D 0.11 N.D 0.02MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 20

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ

g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electrolyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2

Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.29 0.21 0. 30 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.15

cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 N. D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dibromomethane 0.01 N.D N.D 5.92 5.11 N.D 1.29 N.D 0.48

Dichloromethane 0.01 1.60 0.58 8.63 4.83 0.44 0.99 N.D 0.66

Tetrachloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Tetrachloromethane 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 0.24 0.24 N.D N.D 0.09 N.D N.D N.D

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 3.70 3. 86 13.8 6.25 3.78 9.11 2.27 12.6

Dichlorobromomethane 0.01 3.29 3.57 4.82 3.82 3.16 0.42 1.06 N.D

Trichloromethane 0.01 4.44 3.61 5.44 4.83 3.37 4.08 1.78 4.17

Tribromomethane 0.01 2.03 2.57 55.7 34.0 1.93 127 1.85 205

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Haloacetonitriles (Tables 12-13) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. Th e analyses were performed according to US EPA 551.1 (1995, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA).

Table 12: Concentration of haloacetonitrils

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized)

Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 N. D N.D N.D N.D N. D N.D N.D N.D

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.01 0.13 0.13 105 0. 30 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.09

Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 2.69 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.001 0. 12 0.14 8.71 2.20 0.13 1.19 N.D 1.03
Chloral hydrate 0.001 N.D N.D 8.63 0.12 N.D 0.09 N.D 0.02
Chloropicrin 0.001 0.01 0.01 80.7 3.61 0.01 3.23 0.01 0.34

1 Test waters including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 21

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 13: Concentration of haloacetonitrils

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2

Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 2.59 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.01 0.49 0.47 28.0 3.15 0.41 2.32 0.43 0.14

Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 5.85 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.001 0. 15 0.14 38.2 30 .1 0.04 29 .5 0.05 22.1
Chloral hydrate 0.001 0.27 0.21 17.0 0.08 0.25 0.13 0.23 0.13
Chloropicrin 0.001 0.09 0.28 95.7 3.62 0.25 4.81 0.23 2.83

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Halo-acetic acids (Tables 14-15) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. Th e analyses were performed according to US EPA 552.2 (1995, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA).

Table 14: Concentration of halo acetic acids

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized)

2-monochloroacetic acid 0.21 4.46 4.83 169 27.4 4.77 48.7 3.41 42.9

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.12 N.D N.D 6.09 6.78 N.D 6.13 N.D 5.41

2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.03 1.10 1.14 46.1 14.7 1.27 0.65 1.53 0.51

2-monobromoacetic acid 0.09 N.D N.D 2.85 2.45 N.D N.D N.D N.D

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.03 0.71 0.75 8.50 4.74 0.77 2.03 0.78 1.79

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.47 N.D 1.13 31.4 13.3 N.D 1.32 N.D 1.29 2,2-bromochloroacetic acid 0.07 28.0 27.1 41.7 22.2 26.3 23.5 26.1 20.6
2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.08 6.10 6.76 9.43 5.45 5.56 1.43 5.29 1.25

Dalapon acid 0.15 10.5 10.2 613 292 11.4 113 12.8 50.3

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 22

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 15: Concentration of halo acetic acids

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (not

neutralized) 2

2-monochloroacetic acid 0.21 20.9 20.8 332 41.9 18.5 38.4 18.6 20.7

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.12 N.D N.D 11.5 1.25 N.D N.D N.D N.D

2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.03 7.86 7.85 212 8.50 2.07 5.88 0.58 4.90

2-monobromoacetic acid 0.09 2.85 2.95 11.7 10.5 2.72 3.04 N.D 1.60

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.03 1.14 1.09 26.2 18.3 1.08 15.7 1.05 11.6

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.47 11.1 10.9 15.9 12.2 N.D 11.0 11.0 5.41

2,2-bromochloroacetic acid 0.07 22.5 20.5 161 40.1 27.2 42.9 32.1 47.32,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.08 3.56 3.56 71.9 4.66 3.31 4.32 3.28 3.87
Dalapon acid 0.15 16.9 15.1 515 108 8.68 24.8 8.54 10.3

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Chlorinated phenols (Tables 16-17) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to US EPA 8041A (2007, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA).

Table 16: Concentration of chlorinated phenols

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) 2-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4-Chlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3-Dichlorphenol 0.3 0.78 0.58 0.60 0.81 ND ND ND ND
2,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 3.45 3.62 2.28 2.25 3.54 2.36 2.22 1.94
2,6-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 23

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) 2,3,4-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,6-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6-Trichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Pentachlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 17: Concentration of chlorinated phenols

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2
2-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4-Chlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3-Dichlorphenol 0.3 1.89 1.26 0.80 0.50 0.76 0.61 ND ND
2,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 3.55 3.82 2.78 2.65 3.12 2.44 2.15 1.54
2,6-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
3,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,6-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6-Trichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 24

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2
3,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Pentachlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

1 Test waters including organism ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Bromated phenols (Tables 18-19) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. Th e analyses were performed according to US EPA 8041A (2007, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA).

Table 18: Concentration of bromated phenols

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) 2,4-Dibromophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,6-Dibromophenol 0.8 0.95 0.82 0.65 ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 19: Concentration of bromated phenols

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL ( μ g/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2
2,4-Dibromophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,6-Dibromophenol 0.5 0.98 1.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 25

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 3.3.3 Other Chemicals and Gas

Ozone, chlorine dioxide and sulfide (Tables 20-21) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Repu blic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to Standard Method 4500-O 3 -B (2005, Indigo Colorime tric Method), 4500-ClO 2 -B (2005, Titration Method) a nd Standard Method 4500-S -2 -D (2005, Iodometric method).

Table 20: Concentration of ozone (O 3 ), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and sulfide (S -2 )

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized)
O 3 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

ClO 2 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Sulfide 0.2 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 21: Concentration of ozone (O 3 ), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and sulfide (S -2 )

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2
O 3 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

ClO 2 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

Sulfide 0.2 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

DOC and POC (Tables 22-23) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The an alyses were performed according to ISO 8245 (1999(E), TOC CPH /Shimazu/Japan).

Table 22: Concentration of DOC and POC

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water
1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 0.003 2.32 2.29 2.43 2.66 1.87 2.72 1.77 2.59
Particulate organic carbon (POC) 0.003 0.72 1.33 0.19 0.15 1.00 0.20 0.33 0.14

Density 0.0001 (g/cm 3 ) 1.0255 1.0250 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 26

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 23: Concentration of DOC and POC

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL (mg/L) Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 0.003 4.45 4.67 9.15 7.23 2.18 7.15 2.20 7.34 Particulate organic carbon (POC) 0.003 21.3 21.4 19.5 23.0 12.5 20.7 3.66 23.0

Density 0.0001 (g/cm 3 ) 1.0155 1.0150 1.0150 1.0152 1.0154 1.0155 1.0155 1.0150

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Gas (H 2 , O 3 , Cl 2 ) (Tables 24-25) were analysed by KT R. The analyses were performed according to GC-TCD for H 2 , and Detector tube for O 3 and Cl 2 . The results are reported for gas emission from the electrolytic cell module.

Table 24: Concentration of H 2 , O 3 and Cl 2 in electrolytic cell emission gas and thiosulfate in neutralized treated water

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL Test
water Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated(neutralized)

H 2 0.05% 66.7

O 3 0.2
μ L/L 1.0

Cl 2 0.2
μ L/L 10.0

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

Table 25: Concentration of H 2 , O 3 and Cl 2 in electrolytic cell emission gas and thiosulfate in neutralized treated water

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5

MDL Test
water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control Treated (notneutralized) 2

H 2 0.05% 81.6

O 3 0.2 μ L/L 1.0

Cl 2 0.2 μ L/L 4.0

1 Test water including organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 2 The water is not neutralized because the concen tration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 27

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquati c plant, invertebrate and fish

4.1.1 Acute aquatic organism toxicity

Acute aquatic toxicity: The most sensitive organism for treated water using the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS was the alga, Skeletonema costatum that give the EC 50 value of 68.53% for the 23 PSU test. For the other test organisms, no signifi cant acute toxicity was observed, see report in appendix 4. The results are su mmarized in Tables 26 and 27.

Algae

For the study, assessments of the effects of th e seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on the diatom, Skeletonema costatum , during 72 hours

, NOEC and LOEC valu es from Hypothesis Test and EC 50 values based on the cell densities at the e nd of the experiment, were calculated for both 35 PSU and 23 PSU treated ballast water.

Crustacean

For the study, assessments of the effects of th e seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, during 48 hours, EC 50 and LC 50 values based on mobilization and survival data at the end of the experi ment, were calculated for both 35 PSU and 23 PSU treated ballast water.

Fish

For the study, assessments of the effects of th e seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus , during 96 hours, LC 50 values based on survival data at the end of the experiment, were calculated for bot h 35 PSU and 23 PSU treated ballast water.

Table 26: Acute aquatic toxicity of 35 PSU ballast water trea ted by the ìEn- Ballastî BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h 90.19 Tested (OECD 201)

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 Tested (OECD 202)

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203)

Table 27: Acute aquatic toxicity of 23 PSU ballast water trea ted by the ìEn- Ballastî BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h 63.58 Tested (OECD 201)

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 Tested (OECD 202)

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203)MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 28

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 4.1.2 Chronic aquatic organism toxicity

Tests were not carried out, however , related material described th e chronic aquatic toxicity; see Material Safety Data Sheet in appendix 5.

4.1.3 Endocrine disruption

Tests were not carried out. No reference materi als (study reports, papers and website) were found.

4.1.4 Sediment toxicity

Tests were not carried out. No reference materi als (study reports, papers and website) were found.

4.1.5 Bioavailability/biomagnifications/bioconcentration

Tests were not carried out. Howe ver, related material described the chronic aquatic toxicity as follows (Tables 28 and 29):

Table 28: Bioconcentration of Active Substances

Active Substance Measured/Calculated (L/Kg wet-weight) Reference

3.16 (Regression-based estimate) Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 )

0.89 (Arnot-Gobas) US EPA (EPI suit. 2008)

3.16 (regression -based estimate) Bromate (BrO 3 - )

1.13 (Arnot-Gobas) US EPA (EPI suit. 2008)

Table 29: Bioconcentration of Relevant Chemical

Relevant Chemical Measured/Calculated (L/Kg wet-weight) Reference

3.96 (Regression-based estimate) Dibromochloromethane

3.23 (Arnot-Gobas) US EPA (EPI suit, 2008)

Dibromomethane 4 L/kg wet-wt HSDB, 1990 3.00 HSDB, 2008 Dichlorobromomethane 3.20 PBT Profiler, 2006 Tribromomethane 2-20 L/kg wet-wt Kenaga, 1980 3 L/Kg wet-wt HSDB, 2008 Dibromoacetonitrile 3.2 L/Kg wet-wt PBT Profiler, 2006 Chloral hydrate 3.00 HSDB, 2008 11.10 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) Chloropicrin 8.00 HSDB, 2008 3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 2-monochloroacetic acid 3.20 HSDB, 2008MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 29

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Relevant Chemical Measured/Calculated (L/Kg wet-weight) Reference

3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 2,2-dichloroacetic acid 3.20 HSDB, 2008 3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.17 HSDB, 2008 3.162 (regression-based estimate) 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid

5.185 (Arnot-Gobas) US EPA (EPI suit. 2008)

3.162 (regression-based estimate) Dalpon acid

5.624 rnot-Gobas) US EPA (EPI suit. 2008)

4.1.6 Food web/population effects

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found.

4.2 Mammalian toxicity

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5).

4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

4.3.1 Mode of degradation

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5).

4.3.2 Bioaccumulation, partition coefficient, octanol/water coefficient

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5).

4.3.3 Persistence and identification of the main metabolites in the relevant media (ballast water, marine and fresh water)

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found.

4.3.4 Reaction with organic matter

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found.

4.3.5 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats

No related materials (study report, paper and we site) were found.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 30

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 4.3.6 Oxidation and reduction potential (ORP) ch anges of test water, control water and treated water

Table 30: Oxidation and Reduction Potentia l (ORP) in control and treated seawater

Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 Salinity (PSU) Test water Control Treated Control Treated Control Treated

23 456 448 918 529 912 497 446 1
35 384 389 886 483 900 468 332

1 The water is not neutralized because the co ncentration of TRO+FRO is < 0.25 mg/L.

4.3.7 Potential residue in seafood

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found.

4.3.8 Any known interactive effects

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found.

4.4 Physical and chemical properties of the Active Substances and Preparation and the treated ballast water

See appendix 5.

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

See appendix 5.

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for Persistency, Bioa ccumulation and Toxicity (PBT)

These criteria tests were applied on the Active S ubstance and the Relevant Chemicals detected in the treated ballast water (see section 3). Thirty-t wo compounds were detected in both test water, control water and treated water; of th ese, 14 compounds were found only in the treated water, and these are produced by th e ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. Chlorine dioxide, bromate, dibromochloromethane, dibromometha ne, dichlorobromometha ne, tribromomethane, dibromoacetonitrile, chloral hydrate, chloropicrine, 2-monochloroacetic ac id, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, 2,2-dibromoacetic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroacetic aci d, and dalapon acid were detected in the treated water by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. All these compounds have low persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity as shown in Table 31.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 31

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc Table 31: PBT evaluation based on water

Compounds Persistent (y/n) (V a /T b /H c ) Bioaccumulative d (y/n) Toxic (y/n)

Chlorine dioxide No 3.0501/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = -3.22 No Acute LC 50 : 2.6 mg/L/24 hr (algae)

Bromate No 3.0226/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 0.63 No NOEC: >0.125 mg/L/168 hr (algae)

Dibromochloromethane No2.6386/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 1.70 No LC 50 : 34 mg/L/72-1200 hr (fish)

Dibromomethane No 2.8729/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 1.52 Not found

Dichlorobromomethane No2.5197/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 1.61 No LC 50 : 1.424 mg/L/9 months (fish)

Tribromomethane No2.7275/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 1.79 No NOEC: 10 mg/L/96 hr (algae)

Dibromoacetonitrile No2.7353/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 0.47 No Acute LC 50 : 0.55 mg/L/96 hr (fish)

Chloral hydrate No2.4219/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 0.98 No Acute LOEC: 2.8 mg/L/NR e (algae)

Chloropicrin No 2.1043/months/60 d in water No Log Pow = 1.32 No Acute LC 50 : 0.0165 mg/L/96 hr (fish)

2-monochloroacetic acid No 3.1818/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 0.34 No NOEC: 32 mg/L/504 hr (crustacea)

2,2-dichloroacetic acid No 2.9325/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 0.52 No EC 03 : 1,485 mg/L/168 hr (algae)

2,2-dibromoacetic acid No 3.1403/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 0.70 No Acute LC 50 : 69 mg/L/96 hr (fish)

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid No 2.7827/weeks/15 d in water No Log Pow = 1.71 Not found

Dalapon acid No2.6894/weeksmonths/38 d in water No Log Pow = 1.68 No Acute LC 50 : 10 mg/L/24 hr (fish)MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 32

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc a -Numerical value from model; b -Words assigned, representing expected total degradation time; c -Half-life; d -U.S EPI suite 2008; e Time information not reported.

6.2 Toxicity testing of th e treated ballast water

Acute ecotoxicity tests with ìEn-Ballastî treate d seawater and brackish water covering multiple test species (fish, invertebrate and plant) showed slightly low toxicity for the microalgae Skeletonema costatum (EC 50 values are 90.19% in seawater and 65.38% in brackish water) but the invertebrate, Tigriopus japonicus and the fish, Paralichthys olivaceus showed no acute toxicity to the treated water (see appendix 4).

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

Prediction of discharge and e nvironmental concentrations is conducted using the Marine Antifoulant Model to Predict Enviro nmental Concentrations (MAM-PEC)

The Predicted Environmental Conc entration (PEC) was carried out using the model MAM-PEC 2.0. The model was developed to estimate leaking of an ti-fouling from the surface of ships. For the calculation of the PEC in this dossier the highest concentration of discha rged Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals, and 396,922 tonnage/d ay of de-ballast water (OECD commercial harbour, Rotterdam) were applied. All input da ta and results of the MAM-PEC calculations are presented in appendix 6.

Table 32: PEC profile in the OECD-EU comm ercial harbour using discharged water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS

MAM-PEC result ( μ g/L) Compounds 1 Load (g/day) 2 Maximum concentration ( μ g/L) 3 Half life (day) Habour Chlorine dioxide 0 0 15 0 Bromate 0.8613207 2.17 15 2.00E-06 Dibromochloromethane 3.4889443 8.79 38 4.96E-06 Dibromomethane 0.1627380 0.41 15 3.81E-07 Dichlorobromomethane 0.0754151 0.19 38 1.01E-07 Tribromomethane 92.085904 232 38 1.24E-04 Dibromoacetonitrile 0.4088296 1.03 38 5.51E-07 Chloral hydrate 0.0079384 0.02 38 1.07E-08 Chloropicrin 0.1349534 0.34 60 1.38E-07 2-monochloroacetic acid 17.027953 42.9 15 4.05E-05 2,2-dichloroacetic acid 2.1473480 5.41 15 5.07E-06 2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.7104903 1.79 15 1.68E-06 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.5120293 1.29 15 1.21E-06 Dalapon acid 19.965176 50.3 38 2.69E-05

1 Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals. 2 Load amount estimated from the OECD-EU commercial harbour (Rotterdam), 396,922 m 3 per day of discharge. 3 The worst case applied.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 33

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Ship and personnel safety

7.1.1 Corrosion

Corrosion tests will be carried out with the storage tank on steel e xposed to the treated water of HOCl for six monthsí periods after two monthsí ag ing after making the sample material (carbon steel, Grit blast, ISO Sa 21⁄2 Grade). This test w ill be carried out in parallel with the full-scale land-based testing.

7.1.2 Safety to shipís crew

Toxicity effects of the treated water by the ìEn-Ba llastî BWMS are described in section 7.4 (HES). Table 33 shows the theoretical exposure to th e various compounds of a person weighing 60 kg and drinking 2 L of water per day, which appear s that concentrations are far below the MOS. Therefore, it is concluded that the treated water will neither pose risks to the shipís crews nor to possible swimmers in the area wher e ballast water is discharged.

7.2 Risks to human health

Shipís personnel would not be expected to cont act Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals under normal operation. There is no risk to human h ealth associated with the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS.

7.3 Risks to aquatic environment

All Active Substances (AS) and Relevant Chemi cals (RC) show a PEC/PNEC < 1. Therefore, the conclusion is that de-ballasting water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS has no toxic effect on aquatic organism and environment.

Table 33: PEC/PNEC ration fr om MAM-PEC modelling result

Compounds Toxicity (mg/L) Assessment factor PNEC ( μ g/L) PEC ( μ g/L) PEC/PNEC ( μ g/L)
Chroline dioxide 2.6 100 26.00 0 0 Bromate ion 0.125 1000 0.13 2.00E-06 1.60E-05 Dibromochloromethane 34 1000 34.00 4.96E-06 1.46E-07 Dibromomethane - - - 3.81E-07 - Dichlorobromomethane 1.424 1000 1.42 1.01E-07 7.09E-08 Tribromomethane 10 100 100 1.24E-04 1.24E-06 Dibromoacetonitrile 0.55 1000 0.55 5.51E-07 1.00E-06 Chloral hydrate 2.8 1000 2.80 1.07E-08 3.82E-09 Chloropicrin 0.0165 1000 0.02 1.38E-07 8.36E-06 2-monochloroacetic acid 32 100 320.00 4.05E-05 1.27E-07 2,2-dichloroacetic acid 1485 1000 1485.00 5.07E-06 3.41E-09 2,2-dibromoacetic acid 69 1000 69.00 1.68E-06 2.43E-08 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid - - - 1.21E-06 - Dalapon acid 10 1000 10.00 2.69E-05 2.69E-06

* No toxicity value (see Table 30).MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 34

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 7.4 Human Exposure Scenario

In this section, estimation of the amounts of expos ure and risk assessment will be conducted for the respective exposure scenarios. The maximum concen trations of substance in the treated ballast water are shown in Table 34, which are expected to be further dilu ted in discharged water area. MOS has been estimated in accordance with a wors t case scenario, in which no dilution occurs. Table 34 shows the theoretical exposure to th e various compounds of a person weighing 60 kg and drinking 2 L of water per day.

Table 34: Results of the Marg in of Safety (MOS) Approach

Compounds Value 1 (mg/kg/day) Maximum concentration (mg/L) Exposure (mg/kg/day) MOS

Chlorine dioxide LOAEL: 2 0.02 6.67E-04 3,000 Bromate ion NOAEL: 7.7 0.00217 7.23E-05 106,452 Dibromochloromethane NOAEL: 40 0.00879 2.93E-04 136,519
Dibromomethane Not found 0.00041 1.37E-05 NA Dichlorobromomethane NOAEL: 13.4 0.00019 6.33E-06 2,115,789 Tribromomethane LOAEL: 100 0.232 7.73E-03 12,931 Dibromoacetonitrile NOAEL: 8.2 0.00103 3.43E-05 238,835 Chloral hydrate NOAEL: 1.89 0.00002 6.67E-07 2,835,000 Chloropicrin NOAEL: 0.002 0.00034 1.13E-05 176 2-monochloroacetic acid NOAEL: 193 0.0429 1.43E-03 134,965 2,2-dichloroacetic acid NOAEL: 3.9 0.00541 1.80E-04 21,627 2,2-dibromoacetic acid NOAEL: 25 0.00179 5.97E-05 418,994 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid Not found 0.00129 4.30E-05 NA Dalapon acid Not found 0.0503 1.68E-03 NA

1 NOAEL, no observable adverse effect level; LO AEL, low observable ad verse effect level.

Since these MOS value are substant ially higher than the MOSref ( 100), it is concluded that the chemical compounds in the de-ba llasting water are unlikely to a ffect the environment including health of humans.

8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint

This dossier includes an overvie w of all critical data and endpoi nts used for the risk assessment (see sections 4, 6 and 7 and appe ndix 5). All of the chemicals are evaluated with regard to aquatic organisms, mammalian toxicity and envi ronmental effect. The evaluation of aquatic organism toxicity included assessing of the residual compounds with regard to persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT ). All chemicals discharged from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are non-PBT using Procedure (G9) criteria of a lo g Pow < 3 (see Table 31). Therefore, it is concluded that the chemical compounds, disc harged from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS, do not accumulate in the tissue of marine organisms.MEPC 60/2/7 ANNEX Page 35

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc The evaluation of mammalian toxicity using several databases (ECOTOX, EPA, EPI Suite, HSDB, OECD SIDS, PBT Profiler and WHO databa se) involves assessing the AS and RC for various endpoints, including acute and chroni c toxicity, carcinogenic ity, developmental and reproductive effect. There are a wide range of acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity on AS a nd RC. Most of newly produced AS and RC have the potential effect to mammalian, but the concentrations present in the water treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are far below the critical leve ls. However, these effects are seen at higher concentrations than woul d be present in ballast water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. The toxicity studies show that some of the chemicals of pot ential concerns result in adverse effect to mammalian organs at higher doses. A compar ison of the measured de-ballasting water concentrations of AS and RC to drinking wate r guidelines (US EPA, 1999) indicates that the measured concentrations were generally lower than the values given in the drinking water guidelines. Therefore, no adve rse health effects are expected to be caused by exposure to de-ballast water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS.

8.2 Test report data quality

The test reports used in this application we re from ECOTOX, EPA, EPI Suite, HSDB, OECD SIDS, PBT Profiler and WHO. The applicant has commissioned research on the AS and RC by way of accredited laboratories and commercial institut ions. Quality control processes were at all times strictly followed (see appendices 2, 3 and 4).

9 REFERENCES

Alexander Kraft, Maja W ̧nsche, Manuela Stademann and Manfred Blaschke, 2003. Electrochemical water disinf ection. Recent Res. Devel. Electrochem., 6(2003):27-55.

Rosalam H.J., Sarbatly and Duduku Krishnaiah, 2007. Free chlorine residual content within the drinking water distribution system. International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 2 (8), pp.196-201.

US EPA, 1999. National Primar y Drinking Water Standard. http://www.drinkingwater.utah.gov /documents/external/national_prim ary_drinking_water_regulations.htm.

10 APPENDICES

Appendix 1 - System description of the laboratory-scale ìEn-Ballastî Ballast Water Management Ssystem (BWMS)
Appendix 2 - QAPP and Efficacy Test Report
Appendix 3 - QAPP, COC records and test results for chemicals
Appendix 4 - COC records and test results for aquatic toxicity
Appendix 5 - Material Safety Data Sheet
Appendix 6 - MAM-PEC results

The above appendices 1 to 6 are provided in the confidential dossier of the proposal for approval.

___________