73274 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 

The Rule 

This amendment to 14 CFR part 71 

modifies the Class D airspace at Perot 

Field/Fort Worth Alliance Airport, Fort 

Worth, TX, by updating the name 

(previously Fort Worth Alliance 

Airport) and geographic coordinates of 

the airport to coincide with the FAA’s 

aeronautical database; updates the 

header of the airspace legal description 

to Fort Worth, TX, (previously Fort 

Worth Alliance Airport, TX) to comply 

with changes to FAA Order JO 7400.2P, 

Procedures for Handling Airspace 

Matters; removes the city associated 

with Stage Coach Hills Airport in the 

header of the airspace legal description 

to comply with changes to FAA Order 

JO 7400.2P; and changes the outdated 

terms ‘‘Notice to Airmen’’ and ‘‘Airport/ 

Facility Directory’’ to ‘‘Notice to Air 

Missions’’ and ‘‘Chart Supplement’’. 

This action is an administrative 

change and does not affect the airspace 

boundaries or operating requirements; 

therefore, notice and public procedure 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(b) is unnecessary. 

Regulatory Notices and Analyses 

The FAA has determined that this 

regulation only involves an established 

body of technical regulations for which 

frequent and routine amendments are 

necessary to keep them operationally 

current. It, therefore: (1) is not a 

‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under 

Executive Order 12866; (2) is not a 

‘‘significant rule’’ under DOT 

Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 

FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) 

does not warrant preparation of a 

regulatory evaluation as the anticipated 

impact is so minimal. Since this is a 

routine matter that only affects air traffic 

procedures and air navigation, it is 

certified that this rule, when 

promulgated, does not have a significant 

economic impact on a substantial 

number of small entities under the 

criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. 

Environmental Review 

The FAA has determined that this 

action qualifies for categorical exclusion 

under the National Environmental 

Policy Act in accordance with FAA 

Order 1050.1F, ‘‘Environmental 

Impacts: Policies and Procedures,’’ 

paragraph 5–6.5.a. This airspace action 

is not expected to cause any potentially 

significant environmental impacts, and 

no extraordinary circumstances exist 

that warrant preparation of an 

environmental assessment. 

Lists of Subjects in 14 CFR 71 

Airspace, Incorporation by reference, 

Navigation (air). 

The Amendment 

In consideration of the foregoing, the 

Federal Aviation Administration 

amends 14 CFR part 71 as follows: 

PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, 

B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR 

TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND 

REPORTING POINTS 

■ 1. The authority citation for 14 CFR 

part 71 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g); 40103, 

40113, 40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 

1959–1963 Comp., p. 389. 

71.1 [Amended] 

■ 2. The incorporation by reference in 

14 CFR 71.1 of FAA Order JO 7400.11H, 

Airspace Designations and Reporting 

Points, dated August 11, 2023, and 

effective September 15, 2023, is 

amended as follows: 

Paragraph 5000 Class D Airspace. 

* * * * * 

ASW TX D Fort Worth, TX 

Perot Field/Fort Worth Alliance Airport, TX 

(Lat. 32°59′25′′ N, long. 97°19′10′′ W) 

Stage Coach Hills Airport, TX 

(Lat. 32°58′00′′ N, long. 97°14′01′′ W) 

That airspace extending upward from the 

surface to but not including 3,000 feet MSL 

within a 4.5-mile radius of Perot Field/Fort 

Worth Alliance Airport excluding that 

airspace within a 0.5-mile radius of Stage 

Coach Hills Airport and excluding that 

airspace within the Dallas/Fort Worth, TX, 

Class B airspace area. This Class D airspace 

area is effective during the specific dates and 

times established in advance by a Notice to 

Air Missions. The effective dates and times 

will thereafter be continuously published in 

the Chart Supplement. 

* * * * * 

Issued in Fort Worth, Texas, on September 

4, 2024. 

Martin A. Skinner, 

Acting Manager, Operations Support Group, 

ATO Central Service Center. 

[FR Doc. 2024–20209 Filed 9–9–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 4910–13–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 24–15] 

RIN 1515–AE83 

Imposition of Import Restrictions on 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Yemen 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This document amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

continuation of import restrictions on 

certain categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material of Yemen, 

pursuant to an agreement between the 

United States and the Republic of 

Yemen (the Agreement). The restrictions 

were originally imposed on an 

emergency basis by CBP Decision 20–01 

on February 5, 2020, and will now 

continue, with various amendments, 

through April 15, 2029. The Designated 

List of archaeological and ethnological 

material of Yemen to which the 

restrictions apply is reproduced below, 

with certain modifications to make it 

consistent with the Agreement. 

DATES: Effective on September 10, 2024. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For 

legal aspects, W. Richmond Beevers, 

Chief, Cargo Security, Carriers and 

Restricted Merchandise Branch, 

Regulations and Rulings, Office of 

Trade, (202) 325–0084, ototrrculturalproperty@cbp.dhs.gov. For 

operational aspects, Julie L. Stoeber, 

Chief, 1USG Branch, Trade Policy and 

Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– 

7064, 1USGBranch@cbp.dhs.gov. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

The Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act (Pub. L. 97–446, 19 

U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (CPIA), which 

implements the 1970 United Nations 

Educational, Scientific and Cultural 

Organization (UNESCO) Convention on 

the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing 

the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of 

Ownership of Cultural Property (823 

U.N.T.S. 231 (1972)) (Convention), 

allows for the conclusion of an 

agreement between the United States 

and another party to the Convention to 

impose import restrictions on eligible 


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Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 73275 

1 Due to an ongoing conflict within Yemen, this 

rule shall use the ‘‘Republic of Yemen’’ to denote 

the State party to the agreement and ‘‘Yemen’’ when 

discussing the archaeological/ethnological material 

and cultural heritage subject to the import 

restrictions. 

archaeological and ethnological 

material. In certain limited 

circumstances, the CPIA authorizes the 

imposition of restrictions on an 

emergency basis (19 U.S.C. 2603). The 

emergency restrictions are effective for 

no more than five years from the date 

of the State Party’s request and may be 

extended for three years where it is 

determined that the emergency 

condition continues to apply with 

respect to the covered material (19 

U.S.C. 2603(c)(3)). These restrictions 

may also be continued, in whole or in 

part, pursuant to an agreement 

concluded within the meaning of the 

CPIA (19 U.S.C. 2603(c)(4)). 

On February 7, 2020, U.S. Customs 

and Border Protection (CBP) published 

a final rule, CBP Decision (CBP Dec.) 

20–01, in the Federal Register (85 FR 

7209), which amended § 12.104g(b) of 

title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(b)) to 

reflect the imposition of import 

restrictions on certain archaeological 

material and ethnological material of 

Yemen under the emergency protection 

provisions of the CPIA. 

Following imposition of the 

emergency import restrictions, the 

United States entered into a bilateral 

agreement with the Republic of Yemen 1

under the CPIA to continue the 

emergency import restrictions on certain 

archaeological and ethnological material 

of Yemen through April 15, 2029, with 

modifications to the Designated List. 

This period may be extended for 

additional periods, each extension not 

to exceed 5 years, if it is determined that 

the factors justifying the initial 

agreement still pertain and no cause for 

suspension of the agreement exists (19 

U.S.C. 2602(e); § 12.104g(a) of title 19 of 

the Code of Federal Regulations (19 CFR 

12.104g(a))). 

Determinations 

Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the 

United States must make certain 

determinations before entering into an 

agreement to impose import restrictions 

under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On 

November 18, 2022, the Assistant 

Secretary for Educational and Cultural 

Affairs, United States Department of 

State, after consultation with and 

recommendation by the Cultural 

Property Advisory Committee, made the 

determinations required under the 

statute with respect to certain 

archaeological and ethnological material 

originating in Yemen that is described 

in the Designated List set forth below in 

this document. 

These determinations include the 

following: (1) that the cultural 

patrimony of Yemen is in jeopardy from 

the pillage of archaeological material, 

dating from approximately 200,000 B.C. 

to A.D. 1773, and ethnological material 

representing Yemen’s cultural heritage, 

ranging in date from approximately A.D. 

1517 through 1918 (19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(1)(A)); (2) that the Republic of 

Yemen Government has taken measures 

consistent with the Convention to 

protect its cultural patrimony (19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) that import 

restrictions imposed by the United 

States would be of substantial benefit in 

deterring a serious situation of pillage 

and remedies less drastic are not 

available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and 

(4) that the application of import 

restrictions as set forth in this final rule 

is consistent with the general interests 

of the international community in the 

interchange of cultural property among 

nations for scientific, cultural, and 

educational purposes (19 U.S.C. 

2602(a)(1)(D)). The Assistant Secretary 

also found that the material included in 

the determinations meets the statutory 

definition of ‘‘archaeological or 

ethnological material of the State Party’’ 

(19 U.S.C. 2601(2)). 

The Agreement 

On August 30, 2023, the Governments 

of the United States and the Republic of 

Yemen signed a bilateral agreement, 

‘‘Memorandum of Understanding 

Between the Government of the United 

States of America and the Government 

of the Republic of Yemen Concerning 

the Imposition of Import Restrictions on 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Yemen,’’ (the 

Agreement) pursuant to the provisions 

of 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). The Agreement 

entered into force on April 15, 2024, 

following the exchange of diplomatic 

notes, and modifies the previously 

imposed emergency import restrictions 

on archaeological material dated from 

approximately 200,000 B.C. to A.D. 

1773, as well as certain ethnological 

material of Yemeni cultural heritage 

from A.D. 1517 through 1918. A list of 

the categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material subject to the 

import restrictions is set forth later in 

this document. 

Restrictions and Amendment to the 

Regulations 

Import restrictions on the 

archaeological and ethnological material 

of Yemen previously reflected in 

§ 12.104g(b) will be continued through 

the Agreement without interruption. 

Accordingly, § 12.104g(a) of the CBP 

regulations is being amended to indicate 

that restrictions have been imposed 

pursuant to the Agreement, and the 

emergency import restrictions on certain 

categories of archaeological and 

ethnological material of Yemen are 

being removed from § 12.104g(b), as 

those restrictions are now encompassed 

in § 12.104g(a). Pursuant to the 

Agreement, and consistent with the 

CPIA, the Designated List originally 

published with the emergency 

restrictions in CBP Dec. 20–01 is being 

amended to correct certain 

typographical errors, to extend the date 

range for archaeological material to A.D. 

1773, to clarify certain categories of 

archaeological material, to add the 

subcategory ‘‘Inscribed Documents’’ to 

the list of archaeological materials, to 

clarify that the ethnological material 

listed excludes Jewish ceremonial and 

ritual objects and manuscripts, and to 

reorganize the list of ethnological 

material by type of object instead of by 

material. 

Designated List of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material of Yemen 

The Agreement between the United 

States and the Republic of Yemen 

includes, but is not limited to, the 

categories of objects described in the 

Designated List set forth below. 

The Designated List includes 

archaeological and ethnological material 

from Yemen. The archaeological 

material in the Designated List includes, 

but is not limited to, objects made of 

stone, metal, ceramic, clay, glass, 

faience, semi-precious stone, paintings, 

plaster, textiles, leather, parchment, 

paper, wood, bone, ivory, shell, human 

remains, and/or other organic materials 

dated from approximately 200,000 B.C. 

to A.D. 1773. The ethnological material 

in the Designated List includes, but is 

not limited to, architectural materials, 

manuscripts, and religious and 

ceremonial objects from approximately 

A.D. 1517 to 1918. This would exclude 

Jewish ceremonial or ritual objects and 

manuscripts. The Designated List is 

representative only. Any dates and 

dimensions are approximate. For the 

reader’s convenience, CBP is 

reproducing the Designated List 

contained in CBP Dec. 20–01 in its 

entirety with the previously detailed 

modifications. 

Categories of Archaeological and 

Ethnological Material 

I. Archaeological Material 

A. Stone 

B. Metal 

C. Ceramic and Clay 


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D. Glass, Faience, and Semi-Precious Stone 

E. Painting 

F. Plaster 

G. Textiles 

H. Leather, Parchment, and Paper 

I. Wood, Bone, Ivory, Shell, and Other 

Organics 

J. Human Remains 

II. Ethnological Material 

A. Architectural Elements 

B. Manuscripts 

C. Religious and Ceremonial Objects 

I. Archaeological Material 

Restricted archaeological material 

from Yemen includes the categories 

listed below, ranging in date from 

approximately 200,000 B.C. to A.D. 

1773 and representing the following 

periods and cultures: Paleolithic, 

Neolithic, South Arabian, Abyssinian, 

Sasanian, and Islamic (including but not 

limited to Umayyad, Abbasid, Ziyadid, 

Zaydi, Najahid, Sulaihid, Zurayid, 

Ayyubid, Rasulid, and Tahirid). The 

following list is representative only. 

A. Stone 

1. Architectural Elements—Primarily 

in limestone, marble, and sandstone; 

including, but not limited to, blocks 

from walls, floors, and ceilings; 

columns, capitals, bases, lintels, jambs, 

friezes, and pilasters; doors, door 

frames, and window fittings; engaged 

columns, altars, prayer niches, screens, 

fountains, mosaics, and inlays. May be 

plain, molded, carved, or inscribed in 

various languages and scripts. Common 

decorative motifs include ibex heads 

and full animals, oxen or bull heads, 

rosettes, geometric designs, and 

curvilinear vine and floral patterns; may 

be incised or carved in relief. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

2. Non-architectural Relief 

Sculpture—In alabaster, limestone, 

marble, calcite, and other kinds of stone. 

Types include, but are not limited to, 

carved slabs and plaques, funerary and 

votive stelae, and bases and base 

revetments. These may be painted, 

incised, or carved with relief sculpture, 

decorated with moldings, and/or carry 

dedicatory or funerary inscriptions. 

South Arabian Period styles include, but 

are not limited to, face plaques and 

stelae; may be combined with ceramic 

or plaster sculpture; may be inscribed or 

painted. Common decorative motifs 

either incised or in high relief include 

oxen or bull heads, other animals, 

mythological creatures, human figures, 

which are usually clothed, and 

vegetative and floral patterns; may be 

inscribed in South Arabian script. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

570. 

3. Statuary—Primarily in alabaster, 

but also in calcite, limestone, sandstone, 

softstone (chlorite and others), and 

marble. Large- and small-scale, 

including, but not limited to, deities; 

human figures, which are usually 

clothed; animals such as bulls, ibex, and 

camels; and hybrid or mythological 

creatures. May be inscribed in South 

Arabian script. Includes fragments of 

statues. Some pieces may also include 

different material types, such as 

multiple types of stone, metal staffs, 

shell or bone eyes, and metal, glass, and 

semi-precious stone jewelry inlay. 

Approximate dates: 4000 B.C. to A.D. 

570. 

4. Vessels and Containers—Primarily 

in alabaster, softstone (chlorite and 

others), and limestone; may also be 

marble, basalt, or other stone. Vessels 

may be conventional shapes such as 

bowls, cups, jars, jugs, platters, and 

flasks, or shapes such as smaller 

funerary urns and incense burners. 

Common forms include, but are not 

limited to: 

a. South Arabian Period containers for 

unguents, powders, and liquids in all 

shapes and sizes. They are flat-bottomed 

and often have lids. Some pieces have 

protruding pierced lug handles, which 

may or may not be in the shape of an 

animal, usually a bull or ibex. Vessels 

may be otherwise decorated or inscribed 

with South Arabian, or other script. 

Other forms include, but are not limited 

to, pedestal dishes, bowls, saucers, and 

three-legged cosmetic palettes, as well 

as small, rectangular, square-sided 

boxes, usually decorated with bull’s 

heads, used as containers for smaller 

bottles. Incense burners from the South 

Arabian period are usually cuboid and 

decorated with astral symbols or South 

Arabian script. Includes miniature 

vessels and incense burners. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

570. 

b. Stone vessels continue in similar 

form through the Sasanian and Islamic 

Periods, particularly in softstone 

(chlorite and others) and alabaster. 

Includes all vessel types and lamps, 

usually with geometric incised 

decoration; may be inscribed with 

Arabic or other script. Approximate 

dates: A.D. 570 to 1773. 

5. Furniture—In marble, alabaster, 

and other stone. May include thrones, 

tables, and other examples. Also 

includes furniture elements such as legs 

and feet that may have been attached to 

a wooden frame; may be funerary. May 

include South Arabian Period libation 

and sacrificial altars or tables, which are 

oblong or square slabs with raised rims; 

altars have a run-off channel for liquid, 

usually in the form of an animal, such 

as a bull’s head or ibex. Includes 

miniature tables. Approximate dates: 

1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

6. Tools and Weapons—In flint/chert, 

obsidian, limestone, tuff, basalt, and 

other stones. Chipped stone types 

include, but are not limited to, blades, 

borers, scrapers, sickles, cores, and 

arrowheads. Ground stone types 

include, but are not limited to, grinders 

(e.g., mortars, pestles, millstones, 

whetstones), choppers, axes, celts, 

hammers, mace heads, and weights. 

Approximate dates: 200,000 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

7. Jewelry, Seals, and Beads—In 

marble, limestone, and various semiprecious stones, such as rock crystal, 

amethyst, garnet, jasper, agate, steatite, 

and carnelian. Seals or intaglios (small 

devices with at least one side engraved 

with a design for stamping or sealing) 

may be engraved with animals, human 

figures, and/or inscriptions in various 

languages. Beads include cylindrical, 

spherical, conical, disc, and other types; 

may have cut, incised, or raised 

decoration. Types include, but are not 

limited to, amulets, bracelets, and 

pendants. Approximate dates: 8000 B.C. 

to A.D. 1773. 

B. Metal 

1. Non-Architectural Relief 

Sculpture—Types include cast relief 

plaques or tablets, appliques, stelae, and 

masks; often in bronze or copper. 

Decoration may include human and 

animal figures, geometric, and floral 

motifs. May be inscribed/cast in South 

Arabian, Arabic, or other script. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

2. Statuary—Primarily in copper, 

bronze, silver, or gold; includes 

fragments of statues. Range from largerthan-life-size to small figurines; forms 

include, but are not limited to, human 

figures, which may be clothed or not; 

animals such as camels, ibex, oxen, 

bulls, and lions; mythological creatures/ 

figures; and trophies such as votive 

hands. May be painted or inscribed/cast 

in relief in South Arabian, Arabic, or 

other script. Approximate dates: 1200 

B.C. to A.D. 570. 

3. Vessels and Containers—Primarily 

in copper, bronze, or iron; Islamic 

Period includes more examples in silver 

and gold. May include forms such as 

bowls, cups, jars, jugs, strainers, 

buckets, cauldrons, boxes, oil lamps, 

incense burners, and scroll or 

manuscript containers; may occur in the 

shape of an animal or part of an animal. 

May be miniature. Decoration may 

include human or animal figures, or 

geometric or floral motifs, incised or in 

relief. Incense burners may be square or 


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Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 73277 

cylindrical; front decorated with astral 

symbols and/or animals. May be 

inscribed/cast in relief in South 

Arabian, Arabic, or other script. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

4. Furniture—Primarily in bronze and 

iron; may include thrones, tables, and 

other examples. Includes pieces of 

furniture and decorative fittings such as 

legs and feet that may have been 

attached to a wooden frame; or thin 

metal sheets with engraved or 

impressed designs. Approximate dates: 

1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

5. Tools and Instruments—In copper, 

bronze, iron, silver, gold, and other 

metals. Types include, but are not 

limited to, hooks, weights, axes, 

scrapers, trowels, keys, ladles, tools of 

craftspeople such as carpenters, masons, 

and metal smiths. Approximate dates: 

3000 B.C. to A.D. 570. 

6. Weapons and Armor—Primarily in 

copper, bronze, and iron. Body armor, 

such as helmets, cuirasses, shin guards, 

shields, and horse armor; often 

decorated with elaborate engraved, 

embossed, or perforated designs. 

Launching weapons (spears, javelins, 

socketed arrowheads); hand-to-hand 

combat weapons (swords, daggers, 

jambiyas); and sheaths. Approximate 

dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

7. Jewelry and Other Items for 

Personal Adornment—In copper, iron, 

bronze, silver, gold, and other metals. 

Metal can be inlaid with materials such 

as colored stones and glass. Types 

include, but are not limited to, 

necklaces, amulets and pendants, rings, 

bracelets, anklets, earrings, diadems, 

wreaths and crowns, beads, buttons, 

purses, belts, belt buckles, mirrors, and 

make-up accessories and tools. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

8. Seals and Stamps—Primarily in 

lead, tin, copper, bronze, silver, and 

gold. Types include, but are not limited 

to, rings, amulets, and seals with a 

shank or handle; designs may include 

animals, human figures, and/or 

inscriptions in various languages. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

9. Coins—A reference book for 

ancient, pre-Islamic material in Yemen 

is M. Huth, Coinage of the Caravan 

Kingdoms: Ancient Arabian Coins from 

the Collection of Martin Huth, New 

York, 2010, pp. 68–152. A reference 

book for Islamic coinage to A.D. 1773 is 

S. Album, Checklist of Islamic Coins, 

Santa Rosa, 2011, pp. 116–127. Some of 

the best-known types are described 

below: 

a. South Arabian Period—In gold, 

silver, and bronze/copper, with units 

ranging from tetradrachms down to 

various fractional levels. 

i. Earliest coins from Yemen are 

imitations of silver tetradrachms from 

Athens, featuring a bust of Athena on 

the obverse and an owl on the reverse. 

The style of these imitations is 

distinctive, and they are usually marked 

with South Arabian monograms or 

graffiti. Approximate dates: 500 B.C. 

and later. 

ii. Mineans produced schematic 

imitations of the Athenian coinage; 

these coins have angular shapes, often 

triangular. Style is distinctive with 

monograms with South Arabian letters. 

Approximate date: 200 B.C. 

iii. Sabaeans struck distinctive local 

imitations of Athenian tetradrachms, 

with or without monograms, often with 

the curved symbol of Almaqah to the 

right of the owl, and of smaller units 

than previously. In the 1st century A.D., 

the head of Athena is replaced with a 

male bust resembling Augustus; owl on 

the reverse continues, as do monograms 

and the curved symbol. In the 2nd and 

3rd centuries A.D., a beardless male 

head appears on the coins with the 

curved symbol, and a facing bucranium 

(a bull’s head) appears on the reverse 

with the curved symbol and 

monograms. Approximate dates: 400 

B.C. to A.D. 300. 

iv. Himyarite coins feature beardless 

male heads on the obverse coupled with 

bearded male heads on the reverse. 

Various South Arabian monograms 

appear on the coins. Rulers include, but 

are not limited to, Yuhabirr, Karib’il 

Yehun1im Wattar, Amdan Yuhaqbid, 

Amdan Bayan, Tha’ran Ya1ub, Shamnar 

Yuhan1am, and unknown kings. 

Approximate dates: 110 B.C. to A.D. 

200. 

v. Qatabanians also produced 

imitations of Athenian coins in the 2nd 

to 4th century B.C., with or without 

monograms; distinctive style. From the 

2nd century B.C. to the 2nd century 

A.D., the head of Athena is replaced 

with male ruler portraits, including, but 

not limited to, those of Yad’ab Dhubyan 

Yuhargib, Dhub, Hawfi1amm Yuhan1am 

III, Shahr Yagul, Waraw’il Ghaylan, 

Shahr Hilal, Yad1ab Yanaf, and various 

unknown rulers. Reverses of early types 

have the owl, while later types have a 

second portrait on the reverse. 

Approximate dates: 400 B.C. to A.D. 

200. 

vi. Bronze coins from Hadhramaut 

have radiate male portraits in a circle on 

the obverse and a standing bull on the 

reverse; South Arabian symbols appear. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 200 to 400. 

vii. Various South Arabian types 

imitate Athenian coins, Hellenistic 

Alexander tetradrachms with a head of 

Herakles on the obverse and Zeus seated 

on the reverse, and Ptolemaic coins with 

a cornucopia on the reverse. Style is 

distinctive; designs are accompanied by 

South Arabian monograms. 

b. Islamic Period—In gold, silver, and 

bronze. Including anonymous mints in 

Yemen and coins of unknown rulers 

attributed to Yemen. Non-exclusive 

mints are the primary manufacturers of 

the listed coins, but there may be other 

production mints. 

i. Abbasid coins struck in gold, silver, 

and bronze, at non-exclusive mints 

San1a, Zabid, ‘Adan, Dhamar, ‘Aththar, 

and Baysh. Approximate dates: A.D. 786 

to 974. 

ii. Coins of the Amirs of San1a, struck 

in gold, at the mint of San1a. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 909 to 911. 

iii. Rassid (1st period) coins struck in 

gold and silver at Sa1da, San1a, Tukhla’, 

and ‘Aththar. Approximate dates: A.D. 

898 to 1014. 

iv. Coins of the Amirs of Yemen, 

struck in silver, at an uncertain mint. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1000 to 1100. 

v. Coins of the Amirs of ‘Aththar, 

struck in gold, at the mint of ‘Aththar. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 957 to 988. 

vi. Tarafid coins, struck in silver, at 

the mint of ‘Aththar. Approximate 

dates: A.D. 991 to 1004. 

vii. Ziyadid coins, struck in gold and 

silver, at non-exclusive mint Zabid. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 955 to 1050s. 

viii. Khawlanid coins, struck in silver, 

at the mint of San1a. Approximate dates: 

A.D. 1046 to 1047. 

ix. Najahid coins, struck in gold, at 

the mints Zabid and Dathina. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1021 to 1158. 

x. Sulaihid coins, struck in gold and 

debased silver, at non-exclusive mints 

Zabid, ‘Aththar, ‘Adan, Dhu Jibla. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1047 to 1137. 

xi. Zuray’id coins, struck in gold, at 

the mints of ‘Adan and Dhu Jibla. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1111 to 1174. 

xii. Coins of Mahdid of Zabid, struck 

in silver, at the mint of Zabid. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1159 to 1174. 

xiii. Rassid (2nd period) coins, struck 

in gold and silver, at non-exclusive 

mints Zufar, San1a, Sa1da, Huth, 

Dhirwah, Kahlan, Muda’, ‘Ayyan, 

Bukur, al-Jahili, and Dhamar. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 1185 to 1390. 

xiv. Ayyubid coins, struck in gold, 

silver, and bronze, at the mints of Zabid, 

‘Adan, Ta‘izz, San1a, al-Dumluwa, 

Bukur, and Mayban. Approximate dates: 

A.D. 1174 to 1236. 

xv. Rasulid coins, struck in gold, 

silver, and bronze, at non-exclusive 

mints ‘Adan, Zabid, al-Mahjam, Ta1izz, 

San1a, Tha’bat, and Hajja. Approximate 

dates: A.D. 1229 to 1439. 


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xvi. Tahirid coins, struck in silver, at 

the mint of ‘Adan. Approximate dates: 

A.D. 1517 to 1538. 

xvii. Rassid (3rd period) coins, struck 

in silver and bronze, at the mints of 

San1a, Zafir, and Thula. Approximate 

dates: A.D. 1506 to 1572. 

xviii. Ottoman coins, struck in gold, 

silver and bronze, at the mints of Zabid, 

San1a, ‘Adan, Kawkaban, Ta1izz, Sa1da, 

al-Mukha, and Malhaz. Approximate 

dates: A.D. 1520 to 1773. 

C. Ceramic and Clay 

1. Architectural Elements—Baked 

clay (terracotta) elements used to 

decorate buildings. Elements include, 

but are not limited to, acroteria, 

antefixes, painted and relief plaques, 

revetments, carved and molded brick, 

and wall ornaments and panels. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

2. Non-architectural Relief 

Sculpture—Types include, but are not 

limited to, carved slabs and plaques, 

funerary and votive stelae, and bases 

and base revetments. Common 

decorative motifs include ibex heads 

and full animals, oxen or bull heads, 

rosettes, and curvilinear vine and floral 

patterns, and may be incised or in high 

relief; inscribed with South Arabian, 

Arabic, or other script. Includes face 

plaques and stelae: funerary images of 

faces; may be combined with ceramic or 

plaster sculpture; may be inscribed or 

painted. Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. 

to A.D. 1773. 

3. Statuary—Range from large to small 

figurines; forms include, but are not 

limited to, human figures, usually 

clothed; animals such as camels, ibex, 

oxen, bulls, and lions; or mythological 

creatures/figures; and trophies such as 

votive hands. May be glazed or painted; 

may include South Arabian script. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

570. 

4. Vessels—Types include, but are not 

limited to, utilitarian types and fine 

tableware, incense burners, and oil 

lamps. 

a. Post-Neolithic/Bronze Age— 

Common wares include, but are not 

limited to, hand-built gray-brown or 

reddish-brown coarseware with large 

black or white inclusions, occasionally 

burnished; and fineware, which can 

have slipwash or burnish with incised 

or punctate decoration. Some pieces 

may also have imprints of basketry. 

Common forms include, but are not 

limited to, platters and shallow bowls 

with flat bases, deep bowls and basins 

with rounded bases, rimmed 

hemispheric bowls with rounded bases, 

hole-mouthed jars, necked jars, and 

large storage jars. Approximate dates: 

3500 to 900 B.C. 

b. South Arabian Period—Common 

wares include, but are not limited to, 

hand-built reddish-brown, yellow, and 

gray fabrics, which may be unfinished, 

burnished, or slip-glazed; the most 

common is red-burnished slip with 

carinated vessel shapes. Common forms 

include, but are not limited to, smallrimmed jugs with flat base; small 

beakers and goblets; rimmed bowls, jars, 

and vases with ring bases; cooking pots 

with flat bases and straight walls; 

hemispherical bowls with ledge 

handles, often with black burnished 

slip; plates/platters with flat bases; 

goblets; amphorae; and oil lamps. 

Decoration includes, but is not limited 

to, paint, punctation, incised or pressed 

designs including South Arabian script, 

and raised dots. Imported Roman terra 

sigillata ware, Nabatean painted pottery, 

Iranian fine orange-painted ware, and 

Indian red-polished ware are also 

common. Incense burners from this 

period may be square or cylindrical and 

decorated with astral symbols or South 

Arabian script. Includes miniature 

vessels. Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to 

A.D. 570. 

c. Sasanian-Islamic Period—Includes 

stoneware, pottery, porcelain, and other 

wares, which may be unglazed 

utilitarian wares or glazed types; local 

types include, but are not limited to, 

reddish, pink, and white fabrics with 

glaze styles including turquoise slippainted, bright yellow glaze, greenpainted glaze, salad ware (light green), 

pseudo-celadon glazed, brown-painted, 

and blue glazed on white slip; may 

include Arabic calligraphy. Imported 

types are also common and include, but 

are not limited to, Abbasid Period 

alkaline blue Sasanian-Islamic jars (A.D. 

700 to 1100); Abbasid Period opaque 

white-glazed bowls, either plain or 

decorated with cobalt (A.D. 800 to 900); 

and sgraffiato types in various forms 

with red fabric and incised and painted 

designs on white slip including floral, 

geometric, human, and animal motifs 

(A.D. 1100 to 1400); other types from 

China, the Arabo-Persian Gulf, the 

Indian Ocean, and East Africa are also 

present. Oil lamps from this period 

typically have rounded bodies with a 

hole on the top and in the nozzle and 

may have handles or lugs and figural 

motifs; include glazed ceramic lamps, 

which may have a straight or round 

bulbous body with flared top and 

several branches. Approximate dates: 

A.D. 570 to 1773. 

D. Glass, Faience, and Semi-Precious 

Stone 

1. Architectural Elements—Mosaics; 

designs include, but are not limited to, 

landscapes, scenes of deities, humans, 

or animals, and activities such as 

hunting and fishing. There may also be 

vegetative, floral, or geometric motifs; 

often with religious imagery. 

Approximate dates: A.D. 500 to 1773. 

2. Vessels—Forms include, but are not 

limited to, small jars, bowls, animalshaped vessels, goblets, spherical forms, 

candle holders, perfume and unguent 

jars, and lamps; may have cut, incised, 

raised, enameled, molded, or painted 

decoration; various colors. South 

Arabian Period and early Islamic Period 

types may be colorless, blue, green, or 

orange and may be engraved; may 

include floral and/or geometric motifs; 

may include Arabic calligraphy. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

3. Jewelry—Forms include beads that 

may be cylindrical, spherical, conical, 

disc-shaped, and other shapes; may 

have cut, incised, or raised decoration; 

various colors; molded and carved glass 

gemstones; may include other types of 

glass inlay. Approximate dates: 1200 

B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

E. Painting 

1. Rock Art—Incised, pecked, or 

painted drawings on natural rock 

surfaces. Decoration includes crosses; 

humans; animals, particularly camels, 

ibex, and snakes; geometric and/or floral 

designs; and other designs; includes 

fragments. May include pre-Islamic 

graffiti, commonly in South Arabian 

script. Approximate dates: 12,000 B.C. 

to A.D. 100. 

2. Wall Painting—Decoration includes 

crosses; humans; animals, particularly 

camels, ibex, and snakes; geometric 

and/or floral designs; and other designs; 

includes fragments. Painted on wood, 

stone, and plaster. May be on domestic 

or public walls or tombs. Approximate 

dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

F. Plaster 

1. Stucco—Stucco reliefs, plaques, 

stelae, and inlays or other architectural 

decoration in stucco. Approximate 

dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

2. Face Plaques, Stelae, and Statues— 

Funerary images of faces and votive 

statues; may be combined with stone or 

ceramic sculpture; may be inscribed or 

painted. Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. 

to A.D. 1773. 

G. Textiles 

Linen cloth used for mummy 

wrapping. Approximate dates: 500 B.C. 

to A.D. 500. 


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H. Leather, Parchment, and Paper 

1. Books and Manuscripts—Either 

scrolls, sheets, or bound volumes; 

including both secular texts and 

religious texts such as Qurans. Text is 

often written on vellum or other 

parchment (cattle, sheep, goat, or camel) 

and then gathered in leather bindings. 

Paper may also be used. Types include 

books and manuscripts, often written in 

brown ink, and then further embellished 

with colorful floral or geometric motifs; 

covers may also be stamped, gilded, or 

inset with metal, glass, and semiprecious stones. Approximate dates: 

A.D. 570 to 1773. 

2. Items for Personal Adornment— 

Primarily in leather, including, but not 

limited to, belts, sandals, shoes, armor, 

necklaces, bracelets, and other types of 

jewelry. 

I. Wood, Bone, Ivory, Shell, and Other 

Organics 

1. Architectural and Nonarchitectural Relief Sculpture— 

Includes, but not limited to, carved and 

inlaid wood panels, rooms, beams, 

balconies, stages, panels, ceilings, and 

doors, frequently decorated with 

religious, floral, or geometric motifs; 

may have script in Arabic. Types 

include, but are not limited to, bone, 

ivory, and shell reliefs, plaques, stelae, 

and inlays; may be carved or sculpted; 

commonly include human or animal 

figures, floral, and/or geometric motifs. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

2. Statuary and Figurines—Primarily 

small-size figurines; forms include, but 

are not limited to, human figures, which 

may be clothed or not; animals such as 

camels, ibex, oxen, bulls, and lions; and 

mythological creatures/figures. May be 

painted or inscribed/carved in relief in 

South Arabian, Arabic, or other script. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

3. Furniture—Primarily in wood; may 

include thrones, other chairs, tables, 

and other forms. Approximate dates: 

1200 B.C. to A.D. 1773. 

4. Personal Ornaments and Objects of 

Daily Use—Types include, but are not 

limited to, amulets, combs, pins, 

spoons, small containers, bracelets, 

buckles, and beads. Wood, bone, ivory, 

and shell were also used either alone or 

as inlays in luxury objects including, 

but not limited to, furniture, chests and 

boxes, writing and painting equipment, 

musical instruments, games, cosmetic 

containers, combs, and jewelry. 

Approximate dates: 3500 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

5. Seals and Stamps—Small devices 

with at least one side engraved with a 

design for stamping or sealing; they can 

be discoid, cuboid, or conoid; may 

include animals, human figures, and/or 

inscriptions in various languages. 

Approximate dates: 1200 B.C. to A.D. 

1773. 

6. Inscribed Documents—Palm-leaf 

stalks and wooden sticks inscribed in 

South Arabian script. Approximate 

dates: 1200 B.C. to 570 A.D. 

J. Human Remains 

Bones, bone fragments, mummies, 

and mummified remains. 

II. Ethnological Material 

Restricted ethnological material from 

Yemen includes the categories listed 

below, ranging in date from 

approximately A.D. 1517 to 1918, and 

including architectural elements, 

manuscripts encompassing secular and 

Islamic religious texts, and Islamic 

religious and ceremonial objects. The 

categories of restricted material below 

exclude ethnological Jewish ceremonial 

or ritual objects and manuscripts. The 

following list is representative only. 

A. Architectural Elements—This 

category includes architectural elements 

and decoration from historic structures 

in all materials. Primarily in stone 

(especially limestone, marble, and 

sandstone), metal (especially copper, 

brass, lead, and alloys), ceramic or 

baked clay (terracotta), glass, plaster or 

stucco, and wood; also includes inlays 

in bone and ivory. Includes ceilings, 

rooms, walls, and blocks and bricks 

from walls, floors, and ceilings; arches, 

beams, columns, capitals, bases, lintels, 

jambs, friezes, parapets, crenellations, 

merlons, pilasters, and tent posts; doors, 

door frames and fixtures, and window 

frames, fixtures, fittings, and panes; 

altars, balconies, chandeliers, finials, 

prayer niches (mihrabs), cenotaphs, 

sepulchers, screens, stages, pulpits 

(minbars), panels, plaques, fountains, 

wall ornaments, revetments, mosaics, 

tiles, inlays; and other forms. May be 

plain, molded, carved, inlaid, gilded, 

plastered, and/or painted; elements may 

bear Arabic inscriptions. Common 

decorative motifs include geometric, 

floral, arabesque (intertwining), and 

religious motifs, and may be incised or 

in high relief. Ceramic or terracotta tiles, 

plaques, bricks, and other elements may 

be glazed and/or painted. 

B. Manuscripts—Consisting of scrolls, 

sheets, bound volumes, or boards, 

primarily written in Arabic and 

including both secular texts and Islamic 

religious texts such as Qurans. Text is 

often written on vellum, other 

parchment (cattle, sheep, goat, or 

camel), or paper, then gathered in 

leather bindings. Texts may also be 

written on wooden boards. Types 

include, but are not limited to, books, 

scrolls, manuscripts, and Islamic study 

tablets or Quran boards. Includes 

fragments. May be decorated with 

colorful religious, geometric, floral, or 

arabesque (intertwining) motifs and/or 

paintings. 

C. Religious and Ceremonial 

Objects—This category includes objects 

typically used in Islamic communal 

religious and ceremonial settings in all 

materials. Primarily in stone, metal, 

ceramic, clay, glass, wood, bone, ivory, 

textiles, leather, and other organic 

materials. 

1. Non-architectural Monuments— 

Primarily in stone (especially alabaster, 

limestone, and marble) or metal 

(especially copper, bronze, and brass). 

May take the form of carved slabs with 

religious, floral, geometric, or arabesque 

(intertwining) motifs. Types include, 

but are not limited to, plaques, stelae, 

memorial stones, tombstones, and 

cenotaphs; may bear Arabic 

inscriptions. 

2. Vessels and Containers—Includes 

vessels and containers used in religious 

and ceremonial settings in stone 

(especially alabaster, limestone, and 

softstone), metal (especially silver, 

copper, bronze, brass, and other alloys), 

ceramic, glass, wood, bone, ivory, 

leather, and other materials. Types 

include, but are not limited to, mosque 

lamps; incense burners and braziers; 

candlesticks, candelabras, and sconces 

from religious settings; basins, ewers, 

and other vessels used for ablutions; 

reliquaries (and their contents); and 

scroll or manuscript containers, such as 

boxes, pouches, chests, cases, or caskets 

used to hold a Quran or other Islamic 

religious text. May be plain or decorated 

with floral, geometric, religious, 

arabesque (intertwining), or other 

motifs; may bear Arabic inscriptions. 

3. Furniture—Primarily in wood and 

stone. Types include pulpits (minbars), 

prayer niches (mihrabs), screens, Quran 

holders or stands, lecterns, study tables, 

cabinets, and other furniture used in 

religious and ceremonial settings. May 

be carved, incised, painted, gilded, and/ 

or inlaid with other materials; may be 

decorated with floral, geometric, 

religious, arabesque (intertwining), or 

other motifs; may bear Arabic 

inscriptions. 

4. Textiles—Includes textiles used for 

religious and ceremonial purposes, 

primarily in linen, silk, and wool. Types 

include, but are not limited to, banners, 

hangings, and curtains used in religious 

and ceremonial settings; shrine covers; 

and shrouds. Often woven or 

embroidered in bright colors with floral, 

geometric, arabesque (intertwining), or 


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73280 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 175 / Tuesday, September 10, 2024 / Rules and Regulations 

religious designs, and/or Arabic 

inscriptions. 

Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed 

Effective Date 

This amendment involves a foreign 

affairs function of the United States and 

is, therefore, being made without notice 

or public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 

553(a)(1). For the same reason, a 

delayed effective date is not required 

under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3). 

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 

Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory 

Planning and Review), as amended by 

Executive Order 14094 (Modernizing 

Regulatory Review), and 13563 

(Improving Regulation and Regulatory 

Review) direct agencies to assess the 

costs and benefits of available regulatory 

alternatives and, if regulation is 

necessary, to select regulatory 

approaches that maximize net benefits 

(including potential economic, 

environmental, public health and safety 

effects, distributive impacts, and 

equity). Executive Order 13563 

emphasizes the importance of 

quantifying costs and benefits, reducing 

costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting 

flexibility. CBP has determined that this 

document is not a regulation or rule 

subject to the provisions of Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 because it 

pertains to a foreign affairs function of 

the United States, as described above, 

and therefore is specifically exempted 

by section 3(d)(2) of Executive Order 

12866 and, by extension, Executive 

Order 13563. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 

U.S.C. 601 et seq.), as amended by the 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act of 1996, requires an agency 

to prepare and make available to the 

public a regulatory flexibility analysis 

that describes the effect of a proposed 

rule on small entities (i.e., small 

businesses, small organizations, and 

small governmental jurisdictions) when 

the agency is required to publish a 

general notice of proposed rulemaking 

for a rule. Since a general notice of 

proposed rulemaking is not necessary 

for this rule, CBP is not required to 

prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis 

for this rule. 

Signing Authority 

This regulation is being issued in 

accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) 

pertaining to the Secretary of the 

Treasury’s authority (or that of the 

Secretary’s delegate) to approve 

regulations related to customs revenue 

functions. 

Troy A. Miller, the Senior Official 

Performing the Duties of the 

Commissioner, having reviewed and 

approved this document, has delegated 

the authority to electronically sign this 

document to the Director (or Acting 

Director, if applicable) of the 

Regulations and Disclosure Law 

Division for CBP, for purposes of 

publication in the Federal Register. 

List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 

Cultural property, Customs duties and 

inspection, Imports, Prohibited 

merchandise, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Amendments to the CBP Regulations 

For the reasons set forth above, part 

12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal 

Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is 

amended as set forth below: 

PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF 

MERCHANDISE 

■ 1. The general authority citation for 

part 12 and the specific authority 

citation for § 12.104g continue to read as 

follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 

(General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), 

1624. 

* * * * * 

Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also 

issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; 

* * * * * 

■ 2. In § 12.104g, add an entry in 

alphabetical order for ‘‘Yemen’’ to the 

table in paragraph (a) and remove the 

entry for ‘‘Yemen’’ in the table in 

paragraph (b). 

The addition reads as follows: 

§ 12.104g Specific items or categories 

designated by agreements or emergency 

actions. 

(a) * * * 

State party Cultural property Decision No. 

*******

Yemen .............. Archaeological material of Yemen ranging in date from approximately 200,000 B.C. to A.D. 1773, and 

ethnological material of Yemen ranging in date from approximately A.D. 1517 through 1918.

CBP Dec. 24–15. 

* * * * * 

Robert F. Altneu, 

Director, Regulations & Disclosure Law 

Division, Regulations & Rulings, Office of 

Trade U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 

Approved: 

Aviva R. Aron-Dine, 

Acting Assistant Secretary of the Treasury 

for Tax Policy. 

[FR Doc. 2024–20388 Filed 9–9–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 9111–14–P 

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 

SECURITY 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 

19 CFR Part 12 

[CBP Dec. 24–16] 

RIN 1515–AE91 

Emergency Import Restrictions 

Imposed on Categories of 

Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Ukraine 

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border 

Protection, Department of Homeland 

Security; Department of the Treasury. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This document amends the 

U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) regulations to reflect the 

imposition of emergency import 

restrictions on categories of 

archaeological and ethnological material 

of Ukraine, pursuant to a determination 

made by the United States Department 

of State under the terms of the 

Convention on Cultural Property 

Implementation Act. The emergency 

import restrictions will be in effect until 

March 5, 2029, unless extended. This 

document contains the Designated List 

of Archaeological and Ethnological 

Material of Ukraine that describes the 

types of objects or categories of 


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