NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANTHONY J. SCHALK, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting 

Commissioner Social Security, 

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 16-35088 

D.C. No. 3:14-cv-01495-JO 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Oregon

Robert E. Jones, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted May 14, 2018**

Before: FARRIS, CANBY and LEAVY, Circuit Judges.

Anthony Schalk appeals the district court’s judgment affirming the 

Commissioner of Social Security’s denial of Schalk’s application for disability 

insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act. We have jurisdiction 

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1154, 

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

MAY 16 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 16-35088 

1159 (9th Cir. 2014), and we affirm.

The new evidence that Schalk submitted to the Appeals Council did not 

become part of the administrative record when the Appeals Council returned the 

evidence without considering it. See Brewes v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 682 

F.3d 1157, 1163 (9th Cir. 2012) (explaining that evidence becomes part of the 

administrative record only when the Appeals Council considers it). Because the 

evidence did not relate to the period on or before the ALJ’s decision, the Appeals 

Council was not required to consider it. See id. at 1162.

Schalk fails to meet the requirements for this court to remand his case to the 

Commissioner based on new evidence. See Wood v. Burwell, 837 F.3d 969, 977 

(9th Cir. 2016) (remand requires “a showing that there is new evidence which is 

material and that there is good cause for the failure to incorporate such evidence 

into the record”) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)). Schalk failed to establish good 

cause when he argued that the records were not available earlier because he did not 

know that he had a somatoform disorder until after the Social Security 

Administration denied his claim. See Key v. Heckler, 754 F.2d 1545, 1551 (9th 

Cir. 1985) (holding that good cause was not established when a claimant sought 

out new treatment shortly after receiving a denial by an ALJ). Schalk failed to 

establish materiality because the additional records did not offer a “reasonable 

possibility that the new evidence would have changed the outcome of the . . . 
3 16-35088 

determination.” Booz v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 734 F.2d 1378, 1380 

(9th Cir. 1984) (internal citations omitted).

The ALJ’s finding that Schalk’s chronic pain symptoms were not disabling 

is not inconsistent with his finding that chronic pain was a severe impairment at 

Step 2. The ALJ did not solely consider a lack of objective medical evidence to 

discredit Schalk’s testimony. The ALJ properly discussed numerous clear and 

convincing reasons to reject Schalk’s testimony, citing specific findings for each. 

The ALJ also considered a lack of objective medical evidence, which is relevant to 

determining the severity of a claimant’s chronic pain and its disabling effects. See 

Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2011). 

The ALJ gave the following specific and legitimate reasons for assigning 

little weight to treating orthopedic physician Dr. Thomas’s opinion: (1) the 

objective evidence from Dr. Weller and other treating providers do not support his 

opinion; and (2) Dr. Thomas first saw Schalk in April 2011, two months before the 

date last insured. See Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 957 (9th Cir. 2002) 

(“The ALJ need not accept the opinion of any physician, including a treating 

physician, if that opinion is . . . inadequately supported by the clinical findings.”); 

Batson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 359 F.3d 1190, 1195 (9th Cir. 2004) 

(upholding ALJ’s rejection of two treating physicians’ opinions, in part because 

they conflict with a consultative medical evaluation). The ALJ’s finding that Dr. 
4 16-35088 

Thomas’s opinions “appear to be based” on Schalk’s subjective statements is 

speculative, so this reason is not strong. Bray v. Commissioner of Social Security 

Administration, 554 F.3d 1219, 1227-28 (9th Cir. 2009) (holding that an ALJ can 

reasonably discount a physician’s opinion that is based on self-report that the ALJ 

properly finds to lack credibility). Nevertheless, the ALJ provided two other 

specific and legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence for discounting 

his opinions. See Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012) (An 

ALJ’s error is harmless where it is “inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability 

determination.”).

The ALJ reasonably gave “little weight” to Dr. Bates-Smith’s opinion 

because it was inconsistent with other evidence and his activities. See Batson, 359 

F.3d at 1195 (ALJ need not accept opinion of even treating physician if it is 

inadequately supported by clinical findings); Rollins, 261 F.3d at 856. The ALJ 

also reasonably discounted her opinion because her examination and opinion 

occurred fifteen months after the date last insured and she did not indicate how 

these limitations would have applied in the past. See Lombardo v. Schweiker, 749 

F.2d 565, 567 (9th Cir. 1984) (holding that it was appropriate for the ALJ to 

discount an opinion rendered a year and a half after the date last insured).

The ALJ gave a germane reason for discounting Ms. Goldstein’s opinion 

because her opinion was inconsistent with the objective medical findings. See
5 16-35088 

Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1041 (9th Cir. 2008) (finding a discrepancy 

between a source’s opinion and a claimant’s objective medical findings is 

sufficient reason for the ALJ to discount that opinion). The ALJ also properly 

discounted Ms. Goldstein’s opinion for relying on Schalk’s subjective reports.

Valentine v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 694 (9th Cir. 2009) (an ALJ 

may reject lay witness testimony if it is based on a claimant’s testimony that has 

been properly discounted). It was harmless error for the ALJ to discount Ms. 

Goldstein’s opinion for the erroneous reason that she is not an acceptable medical 

source. See Molina, 674 F.3d at 1122 (upholding ALJ decision where error is 

inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination).

The ALJ identified specific, clear and convincing reasons that are supported 

by substantial evidence for discounting Schalk’s testimony regarding the 

debilitating effects of his symptoms: (1) there were inconsistencies between his 

subjective complaints and activities of daily living; and (2) his subjective 

complaints are not consistent with the medical evidence. Ghanim, 763 F.3d at

1165 (“Engaging in daily activities that are incompatible with the severity of 

symptoms alleged can support an adverse credibility determination.”); Burch v. 

Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 680 (9th Cir. 2005) (holding that an ALJ can consider a 

lack of supporting medical evidence when assessing credibility).

Schalk does individually identify any of the four lay witness statements or 
6 16-35088 

any limitations that the ALJ failed to incorporate into the residual functional 

capacity, so this underdeveloped argument fails. Valentine, 574 F.3d at 692 n.2

(rejecting argument that the ALJ failed to account for injuries in “some unspecific 

way” where “the RFC include[d] several physical limitations.”). The ALJ also 

properly reasoned that the lay witness statements were not fully credible to the 

extent that they were based on Schalk’s subjective statements, which the ALJ 

discounted for clear and convincing reasons as discussed above. Any error in 

discounting the lay witness testimony was harmless because the lay witness 

testimony was similar to Schalk’s testimony regarding his experience of physical 

pain due to his back impairment that interfered with his ability to function, lift, 

stand, and perform various daily tasks. Valentine, 574 F.3d at 694; Molina, 674 

F.3d at 1122. 

AFFIRMED.