* Effective March 31, 1995, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human

Services in social security cases were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security.

P.L. No. 103-296. Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c), Shirley S. Chater, Commissioner of

Social Security, is substituted for Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services,

as the defendant in this action. Although we have substituted the Commissioner for the

Secretary in the caption, in the text we continue to refer to the Secretary because she was the

appropriate party at the time of the underlying decision.

PUBLISH

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

Filed 6/12/96

TENTH CIRCUIT

SUHIYR SALEEM,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

SHIRLEY S. CHATER, Commissioner of

Social Security,*

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 95-5145

APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA

(D.C. No. 93-C-806-K)

Submitted on the briefs:

Paul F. McTighe, Jr., Tulsa, Oklahoma, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Stephen C. Lewis, United States Attorney, Phil Pinnell, Assistant United States Attorney,

Joseph B. Liken, Acting Chief Counsel, Tina M. Waddell, Acting Deputy Chief Counsel,

Randall Halford, Assistant Regional Counsel, Office of the General Counsel, Social Security

Administration, Dallas, Texas, for Defendant-Appellee.
1 After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument.

See Fed. R. App. P. 34 (f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted

without oral argument.

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Before ANDERSON, LOGAN, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.

ANDERSON, Circuit Judge.

Suhiyr Saleem appeals from an order of the district court affirming the Secretary’s

decision denying her application for Supplemental Security Income (SSI).1 Ms. Saleem filed

for SSI on September 20, 1989. She alleged disability due to arthritis, headaches, back

problems, and nerves. Her requests were denied initially and on reconsideration. Following

a de novo hearing on August 28, 1990, an administrative law judge (ALJ) determined that

she was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Appeals Council

reversed and remanded to the ALJ for further evaluation of Ms. Saleem’s substance abuse

disorder. The ALJ held a second hearing on October 23, 1992. After this hearing, he again

determined that Ms. Saleem was not disabled. The Appeals Council denied review, and

Ms. Saleem filed suit in district court. The district court affirmed the Secretary’s decision,

and she appealed to this court.

We review the Secretary’s decision to determine whether the factual findings are

supported by substantial evidence in the record viewed as a whole and whether the correct
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legal standards were applied. Andrade v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 985 F.2d

1045, 1047 (10th Cir. 1993). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable

mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Fowler v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 1451,

1453 (10th Cir. 1989)(quotation omitted).

The Secretary has established a five-step evaluation process pursuant to the Social

Security Act for determining whether a claimant is disabled within the meaning of the Act.

See Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d 748, 750-52 (10th Cir. 1988)(discussing five-step disability

test). When the analysis reaches step five, the Secretary bears the burden of showing that a

claimant retains the capacity to perform other work and that such work exists in the national

economy. Id. at 751.

Here, the ALJ found that Ms. Saleem had no past relevant work. Reaching step five,

he found, however, that she retained the residual functional capacity to perform the full range

of light work, reduced by her need to avoid climbing, heights, moving machinery, and

driving automotive equipment. He then applied the Medical-Vocational Guidelines,

20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, App. 2, Rule 202.20 (the grids) as a framework, considered

testimony from a vocational expert, and concluded that Ms. Saleem was not disabled.

Ms. Saleem challenges the ALJ’s decision that her personality disorder and substance

abuse disorder did not meet a listed impairment. She also contends that the ALJ failed to

evaluate properly her nonexertional impairments: pain, and addiction to and side effects of
2 The ALJ’s decision is less than ideally clear on this point. He expressed some

doubt about whether Ms. Saleem was addicted but apparently concluded that she was. The

medical evidence clearly demonstrated Ms. Saleem’s addiction, and a conclusion that Ms.

Saleem was not addicted to her medications would not have been supported by substantial

evidence. 

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prescription drugs. We agree that the ALJ failed to evaluate properly Ms. Saleem’s pain.

This failure is closely tied to his evaluation of her substance addiction. 

Drug addiction is a nonexertional impairment. Channel v. Heckler, 747 F.2d 577, 580

(10th Cir. 1984). In order to establish disability based on drug addiction, a claimant must

prove both that she has lost the ability to control her use of the drug, and that her addiction,

either alone or in combination with her other impairments, precludes her from engaging in

substantial gainful activity. Cf. Coleman v. Chater, 58 F.3d 577, 579 (10th Cir.

1995)(alcoholism); Soc. Sec. R. 82-60. 

The Appeals Council remanded this case to the ALJ to determine whether Ms. Saleem

could control her intake of her prescription medications. He employed a consulting

psychologist, psychiatrist, and neurologist, all of whom opined that Ms. Saleem was addicted

to her medications. The ALJ apparently2 concluded that although Ms. Saleem was addicted

to her prescription painkillers and anti-anxiety medications, her addiction did not prevent her

from performing substantial gainful employment.

Initially, we note that the evidence supports the ALJ’s determination that although

Ms. Saleem suffered from substance abuse, her addiction did not meet the criteria for

“substance addiction disorder” contained in 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.09. In
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order to meet the required severity for listing 12.09, a claimant must satisfy at least one of

the factors listed in section 12.09(A-I). Ms. Saleem’s only claim to satisfy one of these

requirements lies with her “hysterical personality disorder” diagnosed by Dr. Gordon, the

consulting psychologist. See section 12.09(D). 

Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that Ms. Saleem does not meet

the requirements for a personality disorder under listing 12.08. Assuming (as the ALJ did)

that “hysterical personality disorder” meets the “Part A” criteria of listing 12.08, the ALJ

correctly found that it fails to meet the severity criteria of 12.08(B). 

Ms. Saleem’s addiction, however, is relevant to her complaint of disabling pain. She

testified at the 1992 hearing that her pain keeps her from sleeping, requires her to curtail her

daily activities and to spend most of the day in bed, and has made her dependent on her

prescription medications. The ALJ evaluated Ms. Saleem’s allegations of pain using the

criteria set forth in Luna v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 161, 165-66 (10th Cir. 1987), and concluded

that her allegations were not credible.

In rejecting Ms. Saleem’s allegations of disabling pain, the ALJ relied on the

statement of Dr. Andelman, her treating physician, that Ms. Saleem’s pain is under control

by medication. In evaluating her pain, however, the ALJ was required to consider the side

effects of Ms. Saleem’s use of this medication. See id. The ALJ noted the consultants’

findings that she was addicted to her medications, but gave short shrift to their strongly-
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expressed concerns about the addiction. He concentrated instead on findings that the side

effects of the medications themselves would not prevent Ms. Saleem from working.

The ALJ ignored Dr. Andelman’s statement that Ms. Saleem suffers from severe pain

without her medications, id. at 388, and Ms. Saleem’s statement that she cannot function

without them, id. at 168. He did not analyze Dr. Goldman’s statement that Ms. Saleem

should not be on these medications and that she needs psychiatric treatment for her substance

addiction and her pain syndrome, id. at 142, or Dr. Goodman’s statements that further

evaluation of her use of these medications was needed, and that their harm might outweigh

the benefit she received from them, id. at 397. The net result of the ALJ’s decision is that

Ms. Saleem is to return to work, addicted, because her drug abuse will keep her from feeling

severe pain.

It is Congressional policy that the social security laws not be applied to perpetuate

drug addiction. See 142 Cong. Rec. S3114-02, S3119 (daily ed. Mar. 28, 1996)(statement

of Sen. Roth). This policy is reflected in decisions of the Eighth Circuit that a claimant is not

considered free from disabling pain because he does not take medications to which he fears

becoming addicted, see Dover v. Bowen, 784 F.2d 335, 337 (8th Cir. 1986), and of the

Seventh Circuit that a claimant need not take medications to which he has a reasonable fear

of becoming addicted, even if such medications could relieve his pain and make him able to

work. See Dray v. Railroad Retirement Bd., 10 F.3d 1306, 1313 (7th Cir. 1993); Stith v. U.S.

Railroad Retirement Bd., 902 F.2d 1284, 1287 (7th Cir. 1990). We now hold that the
3 The ALJ quoted Dr. Andelman’s statement in the concluding paragraph of his

pain analysis. We cannot determine how much weight he gave to the statement. He did cite

other reasons why he believed Ms. Saleem was not credible. However, most of these other

reasons rest on observations and/or test results which were obtained while Ms. Saleem was

medicated. The ALJ did not provide a sufficiently supported rationale for rejecting

Ms. Saleem’s allegations of pain even if she stopped taking the medication to which she is

addicted, or if she were taking some other medication. The only statement in the record on

that point apparently is Dr. Andelman’s opinion that her pain would be severe, absent the

medication. 

4 The ALJ also made another finding in support of his pain analysis which lacks

substantial evidence. He determined that Ms. Saleem had “no anatomical problem based on

normal myelogram, CT scan, and EMG reports in the file.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 51.

This assessment ignores the statements of Dr. Bowler, Ms. Saleem’s treating physician. He

diagnosed Ms. Saleem with a left L5, S1 radiculopathy based upon the EMG. Id. at 311.

Statements to the contrary by a consulting neurologist, see id. at 141, do not excuse the ALJ

from either accepting, or supplying a proper reason for rejecting, Dr. Bowler’s diagnosis.

See Reyes v. Brown, 845 F.2d 242, 244-45 (10th Cir. 1988). 

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converse also is true: the ALJ cannot discredit a claimant’s assertions of disabling pain by

relying on her use of medicines to which the medical evidence clearly indicates she is

addicted, and which she should have long ago stopped taking, but which presently provide

adequate pain relief. Dr. Andelman’s statement, on which the ALJ relied,3 that

Ms. Saleem’s pain is “effectively controlled by medicines,” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 52

(emphasis added), is clearly unsupported by the medical evidence; addiction is not “effective

control” of pain.4

On remand, the Secretary may again decide that Ms. Saleem’s allegations of disabling

pain are not credible. However, he must provide legitimate reasons for this conclusion. We

therefore REVERSE and REMAND this case to the district court with instructions to further

remand it to the Secretary for the limited purpose of properly evaluating Ms. Saleem’s
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complaint of disabling pain, and to determine whether her pain, properly considered in

conjunction with her other impairments, both exertional and nonexertional, allows her to

perform substantial gainful employment. We further encourage the Secretary to expedite

her resolution of this seven-year-old claim.