# pennsylvania

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SECRETARY

April 22, 2014

Mr. Shawn M. Garvin Regional Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III 1650 Arch Street, (Mail Code: 3RAOO) Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029

Dear Mr. Garvin:

I am pleased to submit to you a request to redesignate the Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle 1997 annual fine particulate matter (PM 2

. 5 ) nonattainment area to attainment, and a revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) including a Maintenance Plan demonstrating that the area can maintain the 1997 PM 2

. 5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for at least ten years after redesignation, as required under Section 175A(b) ofthe Clean Air Act (CAA). The SIP submittal also includes the comprehensive emissions inventory required under Section 172( c )(3) of the CAA.

The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) opened a 30-day public comment period on January 25,2014, on the proposed redesignation request, maintenance plan and comprehensive emissions inventory for the area and received written comments from one person. The public hearing scheduled for February 26,2014, was cancelled because no one expressed interest in presenting testimony or attending the hearing.

The following documents are enclosed for your approval:

1. Request for Redesignation to attainment; 2. Maintenance Plan State Implementation Plan revision, which includes the comprehensive emissions inventory and a Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget for the purposes of transportation conformity; 3. Certification of public participation activities; and 4. Comment and Response Document.

A paper copy of the documents and a disc containing an electronic copy of the documents for the

area are enclosed. I certifY that the electronic files are exact duplicates of the hard copies.

The Commonwealth followed all of the applicable procedural requirements of the State's laws and constitution in conducting and completing the issuance of the SIP revision.

Rachel Carson State Office Building I P.O. Box 2063 I Harrisburg, PA 17105-2063

717.787.2814

. 15'!- Pnnted on Recycled Paper "C!!J7f) www .depweb.state. pa.usMr. Shawn M. Garvin

- 2- April 22, 2014

Thank you in advance for the expeditious processing of the redesignation request and SIP revision. Should you have any questions or need additional infom1ation, please contact Joyce E. Epps, Director, Bureau of Air Quality, by e-mail atjeepps@pa.gov or by telephone at 717.787.9702.

Sincerely,

E. Christopher Abruzzo Secretary

Enclosures

# Commonwealth of Pennsylvania



# S TATE 

# I MPLEMENTATION 

# P LAN 

# R EVISION 

# : M AINTENANCE 

# P LAN AND 

# C OMPREHENSIVE 

# I NVENTORY 

# H ARRISBURG 

# -L EBANON 

# -C ARLISLE 

# N ONATTAINMENT 

# A REA 

# 1997 F INE 

# P ARTICULATE 

# M ATTER 

# N ATIONAL 

# A MBIENT 

# A IR 

# Q UALITY 

# S TANDARDS



# APRIL 201 4

Bureau of Air Quality Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

P.O. Box 8468 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 717 -787 -9495

www.dep.state.pa.us[This page intentionally left blank.]i Table of Contents

I. Introduction and Overview ................................................................................................. 1
A. Health and Environmental Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) ....................1 B. S ources of PM 2.5 and Precursor Pollutants of Concern ............................................2 C. Purpose and Structure of this SIP Revision .............................................................4 D. P ublic Participation ..................................................................................................8
II. Emission Inventories ........................................................................................................... 9
A. Emissions Inventory Methodology for Baseline Year (2002) and Attainment Year (2007) Emissions ........................................................................10 Nonroad Sources. .................................................................................................. 12 B. Baseline Year (2002) Emissions ............................................................................14 C. Attainment Year (2007) Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) ................................15 D. Gr owth Projection Methodologies for 2017 and 2025 ..........................................16 Nonroad Sources. .................................................................................................. 18 E. Interim Year (2017) Emissions ..............................................................................19 F. Maintenance Year (2025) Emissions .....................................................................19 G. Maintenance Plan Emissions Test .........................................................................20
III. Permanent and Enforceable Control Measures ................................................................. 23
A. Permanent and Enforceable Control Measures ......................................................23 1. Stationary Point Sources ........................................................................... 25 2 Highway Vehicle Sources ......................................................................... 30 3 Nonroad Sources ....................................................................................... 34 4 Stationary Area Sources ............................................................................ 34 B. Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets for Transportation Conformity ........................35

I V. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network ....................................................................... 40
V. Verification of Continued Attainment .............................................................................. 40
VI. Contingency Measures ...................................................................................................... 40

Table of Tables

Table II -1: Harrisburg Area 2002 Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) ....................................... 15 Table II -2: Harrisburg Area 2007 Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) ....................................... 15 Table II -3: Harrisburg Area VMT (Miles) and Vehicle Emissions (Tons per Year) .................. 18 Ta ble II -4 : Harrisburg Area Projected 2017 Emissions (Tons per Year) .................................... 19 Table II -5: Harrisburg Area Projected 2025 Emissions (Tons per Year) .................................... 20 Table III -1: Summary of Emission Changes (Tons) from 2007 to 2025 from Control Measures ........................................................................................................................... 24 Ta ble III -2: Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (Tons per Year) .................................................. 37 Ta ble III -3: Comparison of Safety Margin to Total Anticipated Emission Reductions in 2017 and 2025 ............................................................................................................................ 38 Ta ble III -4: Comparison of 2025 On-Road Mobile SO2, VOC and NH3 Emissions to the Tota l Projected 2025 Inventory ........................................................................................ 38ii APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: STATIONARY POINT SOURCES A

- 1 Methodology

– Preparation of Pennsylvania Point Source Inventories

and Instructions for Completing the Annual Emissions Reporting Forms A

- 2 Facility Annual Emissions

- 2002 A

- 3 Facility Annual Emissions

– 2007
, 2017
, 2025 A

- 4 Banked Emissions Reduction Credits

APPENDIX B: STATIONARY AREA SOURCES B

- 1 Pennsylvania 2002 Area Source Criteria Air Pollutant Emission

Estimation Methods (EH Pechan

, Feb. 2004) B

- 2 Pennsylvania 2007 Area Source Criteria Air Pollutant Emission

Estimation Methods (Dec. 2009) B

- 3 Area Source Annual Emissions

– 2002 B

- 4 Area Source Annual Emissions

– 2007
, 2017
, 2025

APPENDIX C: REGIONAL EMISSIONS INVENTORY AND PROJECTION METHODOLOGY C

- 1 Technical Support Document for the Development of the 20 07 Emission

Inventories for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the Northeast/Mid

Atlantic Region Version 3.3 (AMEC Environment & Infrastructure and SRA International

, Inc. for MARAMA

, January 2012) C

- 2 T echnical Support Document for the Development of the 2017/2020

Emission Inventories for Regional Air Quality Modeling in the Northeast/Mid

- Atlantic Region Version 3.3 (AMEC Environment & Infrastructure and SRA International

, Inc. for MARAMA

, January 2012) C

- 3 Technical Support Document for the Development o f the 2025 Emission

Inventory for PM Nonattainment Counties in the MANE

- VU Region Version 3.3 Rev

. 1 (AMEC Environment & Infrastructure and SRA International

, Inc. for MARAMA

, January 2012) C

- 4 Technical Memo Emission Factors for Condensable PM

APPENDIX D: HIGHWAY VEHICLE SOURCES INVENTORY INFORMATION D

- 1 Mobile Source Highway Emissions Inventory

– An Explanation of

Methodology D

- 2 Highway Emissions Estimates

– 2002
, 2007
, 2017
, 2025 D

- 3 MO VES Input Parameter Summary D

- 4 MOVES Input and Output Files

APPENDIX E: NONROAD SOURCES E

- 1 Emissions Estimation Methodology

– 2002 E

- 2 Nonroad Source Emissions

- 2002 E

- 3 Nonroad Source Emissions

– 2007
, 2017
, 2025- 1 -

I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

A. Health and Environmental Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 )

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets suspended in air that include: acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles and allergens (such as fragments of pollen or mold spores). Fine particle pollution or PM 2.5 describes particulate matter that is less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (μm) in diameter, approximately 1/30th the diameter of a human hair. Because of their small size, fine particles can penetrate deeply into the lungs.

Health studies have shown a significant association between exposure to fine particles and premature death from heart or lung disease. Fine particles can aggravate heart and lung diseases and have been linked to effects such as cardiovascular symptoms, cardiac arrhythmias, heart attacks, respiratory symptoms, asthma attacks, and bronchitis. These effects can result in increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, absences from school or work, and

re stricted activity days. Individuals that may be particularly sensitive to fine particle exposure include people with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children. The article, “Fine-Particulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United States” by C. Arden Pope, III
, et al. published January 22
, 2009, in the New England Journal of Medicine evaluated the role PM 2.5 reductions occurring in the 1980s and 1990s had on the increased life expectancy observed over that period. The study found that a reduction of 10 micrograms per cubic meter (μg /m 3 ) of PM 2.5 was associated with an average increase in life expectancy of 7.3 month s.

PM 2.5 has significant environmental impacts, including acid rain and stream eutrophication. PM 2.5 also affects visibility (regional haze) through the scattering and absorption of light. Fine particles, similar in size to the wavelength of light,

a re most efficient, per unit of mass, at reducing visibility. Soiling and materials da mage can also be caused by PM 2.5 in the air.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated PM 2 .5 national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in 1997 after evaluating hundr eds of health studies and conducting an extensive peer review process. The EPA e stablished an annual primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standard of 1 5.0 μg/m 3

, based on the 3-year average of annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations. The EPA also established a primary and secondary 24-hour standard of 65 μg/m 3 determined by the 3-year average of the 98th p ercentile of 24 -hour concentrations.

On December 17

, 2004
, the EPA promulgated air quality designations for the PM 2.5 standard based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003. The final designations were published in the Federal Register on January 5
, 2005- 2 - (70 FR 944). The designations became effective on April 5

, 2005. The EPA designated eight areas comprised of all or portions of 21 counties in Pennsylvania as PM 2.5 nonattainment areas. On April 5 , 2005
, the EPA published a supplemental notice changing the designation of certain areas from nonattainment to attainment based on newly available quality-assured, and certified air quality data from 2002-2004. The EPA supplemental notice was published in the Federal Register on April 14
, 2005 (70 FR 19844 ). Mercer County was the only

c ounty in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Commonwealth or Pennsylvania) for which EPA changed the designation for the area from nonattainment to attainment based on the 2002-2004 air quality data.

The Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Area (Harrisburg Area), consisting of Dauphin, L ebanon and Cumberland counties, was one of eight areas in Pennsylvania designated by the EPA as nonattainment for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS. The eight areas comprise all or parts of 21 Pennsylvania counties. The Harrisburg Area was designated as nonattainment because the area violated the 1997 annual standa rd of 15.0 μg/m 3 based on 2001 -20 03 monitoring data. The Harrisburg Area did not violate the 1997 24-hour PM 2.5 NAAQS of 65 μg/m 3

.

B. Sources of PM 2.5 and Precursor Pollutants of Concern

Fine particle pollution can be emitted directly or formed secondarily in the atmosphere. PM 2.5 emitted directly into the air in a stable solid or liquid chemical form (including PM 2.5 that is formed near its source by condensation) is referred
to as “primary” PM 2 .5 . PM 2.5 formed by chemical reactions of gases in the atmosphere is considered to be “secondary” PM 2 .5 . The chemical composition of PM 2.5 in an area depends on the mix of emissions, location, time of year, and

we ather. The chemical composition of PM 2.5 can include sulfate, nitrate,

a mmonium, particle-bound water, black (elemental) carbon, a great variety of organic compounds, and miscellaneous inorganic material, such as dust and metals.

Primary PM 2.5 includes soot from diesel engines, condensed organic material fr om incomplete combustion and compounds from condensation during combustion or smelting.

The atmospheric chemistry of PM 2.5 formation is complex. Formation of secondary PM 2.5 depends on numerous factors, including the relative concentration of precursors, atmospheric conditions and the interactions of
p recursors with each other and with other particles, clouds or fog. The contribution of different precursors will vary by location.

The principal forms of secondary PM 2.5 include:

● Sulfates, formed from emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from power plants and industrial facilities;- 3 - ● Nitrates, formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) from power plants, vehicles, and other combustion sources; ● Ammonium, formed primarily from emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ) from animal operations; and ● Secondary organic aerosol, formed from emissions of volatile organic

c ompounds (VOCs) from incomplete combustion and evaporation from a wide diversity of sources.

Because of the complexity and variability of the process of particulate matter formation, the EPA recognizes that effective control measures for PM 2.5 will vary
among nonattainment areas. In the EPA’ s “Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule” (72 FR 20586 ; April 25

, 2007 ) (Implementation Rule), the EPA established general presumptive policies for assessing which PM 2.5 precursors should be evaluated for possible controls. 1 In the Implementation Rule, the EP A required states to evaluate control measures for SO 2 and primary PM 2.5 in all locations. The EPA required states to evaluate control measures for NO X unless a technical demonstration is made to show that NO X emissions from sources in the state do not significantly contribute to PM 2.5 concentrations in the nonattainment area. The EPA required states to evaluate measures for VOC and NH 3 only if a technical demonstration is made to show VOC or NH 3 emissions significantly contribute to PM 2 .5 in the nonattainment area.

The Department recognizes the January 4, 2013

, decision of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA

, No. 08-1250
, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013). In its decision, the court granted petitions for review that challenged EPA’s Implementation Rule. After considering the
pe titions and EPA’s response to them, the court remanded the case to EPA to repromulgate the rule pursuant to Subpart 4 of Part D of the Clean Air Act, rather than implementing it under Subpart 1
, as EPA had done (706 F.3d at 437). B ecause the Court remanded rather than vacated the Implementation Rule, the Implementation Rule remains in effect unless and until EPA rescinds it or
pr omulgates a replacement. In any event, this maintenance plan demonstrates maintena nce of the standard consistent with the Court’s ruling.

In general, the Court’ s decision could affect an area’s nonattainment classification, certain deadlines, and the impacts of failing to attain timely, and

c ould impose a deadline for implementation of reasonably available and best available control measures (706 F.3d at 436, n. 6 ). Since the Harrisburg Area is

a lready attaining the NAAQS, however, those considerations are not relevant for this maintenance plan. The court noted that PM 2.5 precursors, including ammonia and VOCs, are presumptively regulated in PM 2.5 nonattainment areas under Subpart 4
, pointing specifically to Section 189(e), which applies to control of

1 The EPA’s definition of “ PM 2.5 attainment plan precursor” can be found in 40 CFR Section 51.1000, which reads:

“ PM 2.5 attainment plan precursor means S0 2 and those other PM 2.5 precursors emitted by sources in the State which the State must evaluate for emission reduction measures to be included in its PM 2.5 nonattainment area or maintenance area plan.”- 4 - major stationary sources of PM 10 [the court stated that PM 10 includes PM 2.5 throughout Subpart 4] (706 F.3d at 436
, n. 7
, and at 437
, n. 10 ). According to CAA Section 189(e), control requirements applicable for major stationary sources of PM 10 also apply to major stationary sources of PM 10 precursors, except where the Administrator determines that major stationary sources do not contribute significantly to PM 10 levels that exceed the standard in the area; Section 189(e)

a lso requires EPA to issue guidelines regarding the application of Subsection (e). P ennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration.

This State Implementation Plan (SIP) revision provides emissions information for

a ll pollutants ( PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 ), as required by EPA’ s guidance entitled, “Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze. Regulations.” 2

C. Purpose a nd Structure o f t his SIP Revision

In December 2004, after consultation with states and receipt of public input, the EPA designated eight areas in Pennsylvania, comprising all or parts of 21 Pennsylvania counties, as PM 2.5 nonattainment areas based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003. Under Section 110 of the Clean Air Act ( CAA), Pennsylvania is required to develop a revision to the SIP to demonstrate how the Harrisburg Area will attain the standard by April 2010

, meet emission reduction requirements in the CAA and ensure that in the event of a future viol ation or failure to meet emission reduction milestones, the area is brought back to attainment as quickly as possible.

However, o n August 25
, 2008
, the EPA determined that the Harrisburg Area had

a ttained the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS based on quality assured, quality controlled and certified ambient air monitoring data that show the area had monitored attainment since the 2004-200 6 monitoring period (“Clean Data Determination”) (73 FR 49949). This final action suspended the requirements for this area to subm it an attainment demonstration and associated reasonably available control
measures, reasonable further progress plans, contingency measures and other planning SIP revisions related to the attainment of the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS for so long as the area continues to attain the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS. 3

2 Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations – EPA-454/R- 05

- 001 , August, 2005 , updated November, 2005.

3 The EPA followed this action on July 29 , 2011 (76 FR 45424) with a statutorily required determination under Section 179(c) of the CAA, that the Harrisburg Area attained the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS by the applicable attainment date of April 5, 2010. EPA based this determination on complete, quality assured, and certified ambient air monitoring data that show the area monitored attainment for the 2007-2009 monitoring period.- 5 - EPA’ s determination of attainment and the Clean Data Determination d id not “redesignate ” the area as “attainment.” The Harrisburg Area remain s a designated nonattainment area for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS until the Commonwealth submits,

a nd EPA approves, a R equest for Redesignation and a Maintenance Plan showing the a rea can maintain the standard for at least 10 years. Nonattainment new source review continues to apply until EPA redesignates th e area as attainment (72 FR 20603).

Transportation conformity and general conformity also apply; they will continue to apply to the area even after redesignation by EPA as attainment. The Clean Data Determination does not suspend the CAA Section 172(c)(3) requirement to

e stablish a comprehensive inventory for all pollutants considered potential
pr ecursors to PM 2.5 and for direct emissions of PM 2.5
.

This SIP revision includes the Maintenance Plan for the Harrisburg Area and the 200 7 comprehensive inventory required under Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA for point

, area, highway and nonroad sources of direct PM 2.5 , PM 10 (particles less than 10 microns in diameter), SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3
. The 2007 comprehensive inventory also serves as the attainment year inventory representing the emissions present during a period the Harrisburg Area was attaining the PM 2.5 NAAQS

.

To demonstrate maintenance of the PM 2.5 NAAQS for this area, Pennsylvania is showing that the future emissions of PM 2 .5 and its precursors w ill remain at levels that will provide for maintenance of the PM 2.5 NAAQS for at least 10 years, taking economic, population and travel growth into account (See, EPA,

“ Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment,” John C alcagni (September 4

, 1992) (1992 Calcagni Memo)). This Maintenance Plan

c ontains an attainment year inventory for 2007 and demonstrates that emissions will not be greater in 2017 and 2025 than the attainment year, with the exception of NH 3
. The projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not present a concern for maintaining the NAAQS because PM 2 .5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emissions are all
pr ojected to continue to decline in the Harrisburg Area. The plan describes emission reduction measures that have been previously adopted; it neither

c hanges existing measures nor adopts additional measures. The plan indicates how Maintenance Plan progress will be tracked and identifies measures that would be available to promptly correct any NAAQS violation.

Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA requires that a Maintenance Plan be fully approved by the EPA before an area can be redesignated as attainment. The Maintenance Plan is considered a SIP revision under Section 110 of the CAA

. A state may submit the Request for Redesignation and the Maintenance Plan at the same time and federal rulemaking on both may proceed on a parallel track.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA, the Request for Redesignation submitted concurrently with this Maintenance Plan indicates that- 6 - the Harrisburg Area has attained the NAAQS and that attainment was due to permanent and enforceable control measures. The Request for Redesignation also de monstrates that the Commonwealth has met all of the regulatory and planning

re quirements under the CAA for the Harrisburg Area that were due before the da te of the Request for Redesignation.

In Section 5 of the 1992 Calcagni Memo, EPA recommends the following to

e nsure maintenance of the NAAQS:

● The state should continue to operate an appropriate air quality monitoring

ne twork in order to verify the area’s attainment status (addressed in Section IV of this Plan);

● The state should develop an emissions inventory to identify the level of

e missions sufficient to attain the NAAQS. This “attainment year inventory” was developed for 2007 (addressed in Section II of this Plan and in the Request for Redesignation);

● The state may demonstrate maintenance by showing that the future emissions of a pollutant or its precursors will not exceed the level of the attainment inventory over at least 10 years following redesignation, taking economic growth into account. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP o r Department) has developed emission inventor ies for 2025 and for 2017, an interim year between the attainment
y ear and the maintenance year (addressed in Section II of this Plan);

● The Commonwealth should ensure that it has the legal authority to imp leme nt and enforce all measures necessary to attain and maintain the NAAQS
, and indicate how maintenance plan progress will be tracked (addressed in Sections III and V of this Plan and the Request for R edesignation); and

● The Commonwealth should identify measures that would be available to promptly correct any NAAQS violation (addressed in Section VI of this P lan).

This document describes how the Commonwealth will meet those criteria.

Th is Maintenance Plan demonstrates that the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS will be maintained for at least 10 years after redesignation of the Harrisburg Area to

a ttainment of the standard. The Maintenance Plan shows that emission levels of PM 2 .5 and its precursors over the 10 years following redesignation remain at leve ls that will provide for maintenance of the PM 2.5 NAAQS
, even considering growth in population and vehicle miles traveled.- 7 - Th is Maintenance Plan shows that the following state and federal programs will ensure the continuing decline of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emissions:

● The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR); ● Emission limits for large industrial boilers; ● State regulation of cement kilns, large stationary internal combustion engines, and smaller sources of NO X ;
● State regulations incorporating by reference the federal Prevention of Significant De terioration (PSD) regulations; ● State requirements for Best Available Technology (BAT); ● State regulation of the sulfur content of fuel oil; ● State regulation of VOC emissions from adhesives, sealants, p rimers and solvents; ● The Pennsylvania and federal new motor vehicle emission control programs for passenger and light-duty trucks; ● The Pennsylvania and federal heavy-duty diesel emission control
programs; ● Federal fuel programs for highway vehicles and nonroad mobile equipment; and

● Federal regulation of offroad diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles and equipment.

Emission reductions from Pennsylvania’s Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicle Idling Ac t, Act 124 of 2008 (Idling Act), were not included in the 2017 and 2025 emission inventories, and

, thus, were not relied upon for the demonstration of maintenance. The Idling Act was approved by EPA as a SIP revision on August 1
, 2011 (76 FR 45705). Similarly, NO X and VOC emission reductions from Pennsylvania’s Outdoor Wood-Fired Boilers regulation were not included in the 2017 and 2025 emission inventories, and, thus, were not relied upon for the demonstration of maintenance. The Outdoor Wood-Fired Boiler regulation was publi shed in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on October 2

, 2010 (40 Pa. B. 5571), and approved by EPA as a SIP revision on September 20

, 2011 (76 FR 58114). Emission reductions from these measures may nonetheless assist the Harrisburg Area in maintaining the PM 2 .5 NAAQS.

In th is Maintenance Plan, DEP provides assurances that it will continue to operate the ambient air quality monitoring network in order to track maintenance of the standard and to evaluate emissions inventories periodically compared to the projections provided in the plan. The Department also provides a list of potential contingency measures that it would consider to correct any violation of the NAAQS that occurs after redesignation of the area.

Eight years following redesignation, the Commonwealth will submit a revised plan that ensures attainment of the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS through 2035

.- 8 -

D. Public Participation

Requirements for a public comment process are set forth in Section 110(a)(2) of the CAA

, 40 CFR Section 51.102(d) and Section 7.5 of the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Control Act. 35 P.S. Section 4007.5(b). On January 25
, 2014, the Department provided notice of a public comment period and the opportunity for a hearing on the Harrisburg Area Maintenance Plan for the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS
, 2007 comprehensive inventory required by Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA, and the R equest to Redesignate the Harrisburg Area to attainment for the 1997 PM 2.5 standard. The public comment period closed February 28

, 2014 . The Department scheduled the public hearing to occur on February 26, 2014
, but no persons expressed interest in presenting testimony or attending. Therefore, the Department cancelled the hearing. The Department received comments from

one commentator, which have been addressed in a Comment and Response document.- 9 -

II . EMISSION INVENTORIES

To demonstrate maintenance of the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS for th e H arrisburg Area, P ennsylvania is showing that the future emissions of PM 2.5 and its precursors will remain at levels that will provide for maintenance of the PM 2.5 NAAQS for at least 10 years, taki ng economic, population and travel growth into account. EPA’ s Clean Data Determination for the Harrisburg Area was based on data from the 2004 -2006 monitoring period. This Maintenance Plan contains an attainment year inventory for 2007 and de monstrates that emissions will not be greater than the attainment year in 2017 and 2025
, with the exception of NH 3
. The projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not present a concern for maintaining the NAAQS because the emissions of all other pollutants are projected to continue to decline in the Harrisburg Area. This Maintenance Plan also contains a 2002 baseline inventory that represents the emissions present when the Harrisburg Area did not meet the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS. In addition, this SIP revision fulfills the requirement for a comprehensive inventory for the Harrisburg Area under 40 CFR Section 51.1008 to meet the requirements of Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA. As
spec ified by the EPA, the pollutants inventoried by Pennsylvania include direct PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, and NH 3
. Information on the manmade sources of these pollutants was compiled for:

● “Stationary point sour ces ” (or “point” sources), which are sources for which the Department collects individual emissions-related information. Generally, they represent major stationary sources but may be smaller.

● “Stationary area sources ,” which are industrial, commercial, and residential sources too small or too numerous to be handled individually. These include but

a re not limited to commercial and residential open burning, architectural and indus trial maintenance coatings application and clean-up, consumer product use,

a nd vehicle refueling at service stations. Where there is overlap between stationary point sources and stationary area sources, the area source values are adjusted to remove any double counting.

● “Highway vehicles,” which include passenger cars and light-duty trucks, other trucks, buses and motorcycles.

● “Nonroad sources ,” which encompass a diverse collection of engines, including but not limited to outdoor power equipment, recreational vehicles, farm and construction machinery, lawn and garden equipment, industrial equipment,

re creational mari ne vessels, commercial marine vessels, locomotives, ships, and

a ircraft.

Pennsylvania and other Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states participated in a regional

e ffort to refine the emissions inventory and to compile a regional emissions inventory. The Mi d -Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARAMA) coordinated that

re gional effort, which allowed states to pool their resources to compile a regional

e missions inventory for the purpose of conducting the regional modeling analysis used in- 10 -

Pennsylvania’s air quality management planning efforts to attain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS and the PM 2.5 NAAQS, and to prepare the regional haze plan.

A. Emissions Inventory Methodology for Baseline Year (2002) and Attainment Year (2007) Emissions

Stationary Point Sources

. The 2002 and 2007 stationary point source in ve ntories were based on emissions reported to DEP by facilities. The Department requires owners and operators of larger facilities to submit annual production figures and emission calculations each year. Throughput data are mul tiplied by emission factors from Factor Information Retrieval (FIRE) Data System and the EPA’s publication series AP-42 and are based on Source Classification Code (SCC). Each process has at least one SCC assigned to it. If the ow ners and operators of facilities provide more accurate emission data based upon other factors, these emission estimates supersede those calculated using SCC codes. Appendix A-1 includes information on stationary point source emission methodology, and Appendix A-2 is the data set for facility 2002 annual

e missions. Appendix A-3 includes the data set for facility 2007 an nual emissions,

a s well as projected facility emissions for 2017 and 2025. Appendix A-4 is a table documenting the banked emissions reduction credits for the Harrisburg Area in t he 2017 and 2025 emission projections.

C ondensable PM is a vapor or gas at stack temperature that condenses to a liquid or solid at stack exit. Condensable emissions from electric generating units (EGUs) were not reported uniformly by all facilities. Because of the need to consider the effect of condensable emissions from EGUs on regional haze and fine particles, the 2007 inventory data was augmented, utilizing the condensable emission factors for EGUs developed for MARAMA in 2008 to calculate condensable PM emissions where that data was missing (The 2002 inventory did not i nclude condensable PM for many facilities and was not augmented.). Appendix C-4 contains the technical memorandum describing how the emission fa ctors were developed. The general process is to use the emission factors and heat input to calculate the condensable PM ( PM

- CON) emissions, and then to perform the gap filling for compounds missing from the facility-reported emissions.

Stationary Area Sources

. Stationary area source emissions are generally estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known indicator or collective activity for each area source category at the county level. Pennsylvania estimates emissions from stationary area sources using emission factors and SCC codes in a method similar to that used for stationary point sources. Emission factors may also be derived from research and guidance documents if those documents are more accurate than FIRE and AP-42 factors. Throughput estimates are derived from county-level activity data, by apportioning national or statewide activity data to counties, from census numbers, and from county employee numbers. County employee numbers are based upon North American- 11 - Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes to establish that those numbers are specific to the industry covered.

Pennsylvania’s 2002 stationary area source emissions inventory was developed in accordance with EPA guidance 4 and was submitted to the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) to satisfy the requirements of the Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule.

EPA emissions inventories and emission estimation tools were used to create the 2007 area source inventory. For many area source categories, the most recent EPA data was used. These categories included ammonia emissions from livestock and fertilizers which came from a recent application of the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) ammonia model to produce 2007 emissions; output fr om a version of the Residential Wood Combustion (RWC) model developed by EPA and run with updated 2007 data to produce emission estimates for that source category; and EPA data on wildfire emissions developed as part of EPA’ s SMARTFIRE system.

The EPA develops area source emission estimation methodologies and estimates for the NEI on a three-year cycle. Where 2008 NEI data were used to fill missing categories in the 2007 inventory, no growth adjustment was made to the

e missions with the assumption that activity in 2008 and 2007 was similar.

For fugitive dust area sources, th e 2007 inventory was adjusted to apply the EPA PM “transport factors” to fugitive dust sources.

More specific information on the procedure used for each industry type is contained in Pennsylvania 2002 Area Source Criteria Air Pollutant Emission Estimation Methods

, (E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., February 2004), which is

c ontained in Appendix B-1

. Appendix B-2 co ntains the methodology for the 2007 Pennsylvania area source inventory. Additional methodology information is available in the technical support document for the 2007 regional inventory which is containe d in Appendix C-1 . Appendix B-3 is a table containing stationary area

sourc e emissions data for 2002 for the Harrisburg Area. Appendix B-4 contains the stationary area source emissions data for 2007, 2017 and 2025 for the Harrisburg Area.

Highway Vehicle Sources. E PA ’ s MOVES2010 (Mo tor Vehicle Emission Simulator) is the official model for estimating air pollution emissions from onroad mobile sources including buses, cars, trucks and motorcycles. MOVES2010

re places MOBILE6.2, the previous mobile source model. Therefore, the Department employed MOVES2010 to estimate the onroad emissions inventory for 2002

, 2007, 2017 and 2025.

4 Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations – EPA-454/R- 05 -001, August, 2005, updated November, 2005.- 12 - Additional information on highway emission methodology is available in Appendix D. Appendix D-1 summarizes the methodology and data inputs used to produce the mobile emissions inventory. Appendix D-2 provides the 2002 baseline year, 2007 attainment year and 2017 and 2025 projections of mobile (hig hway) vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and annual PM 2 .5 direct and precursor emissions. Appendix D-3 describes the model inputs used to generate emission fa ctors for a specific area. Some examples of the inputs described in Appendix D-3 are the type and frequency of vehicle emission testing, the fuel types required in the area, temperatures by month, and fleet age. The summary in Appe ndix D-3 indicates when default information contained in the model is used rather than specific area information.

Nonroad Sources.

The 2002 Emissions Inventory. The 2002 emissions for the majority of nonroad emission source categories and pollutants were estimated using the EPA NONROAD 2005 model. The NO NROAD model estimates emissions for diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum
gas, and compressed natural gas-fueled nonroad equipment types and includes
g rowth factors. The National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) was used to estimate emissions of ammonia from sources contained in the NONROAD model. The NONROAD model does not estimate emissions from aircraft, locomotives or commercial marine vessels. Emissions from aircraft, locomotives, and commercial marine vessels were estimated using EPA guidance and best available information. If specific local operational data was available, that data was used to estimate emissions. State and national data was used if local data was unavailable. The Harrisburg Area does not have emissions from commercial marine vessels.

Appendix E-1 is the technical document providing the methodology and description of the procedures used to generate 2002 county-level pollutant emission estimates for nonroad mobile engines included in the EPA’ s NONROAD2005 model, locomotive engines, and aircraft operations. The table of 2002 nonroad emissions data sorted by source category is available as Appendix E-2.

Aircraft Emissions in 2002

. Emissions from commercial aircraft operations for 2002 were estimated using the EPA-approved Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) 4.20

, the latest version available at the time the inventory was developed. The Department estimated emissions using operations da ta obtained from the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Avia tion Administration’s (FAA) Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) for commercial aircraft operations and the TAF and the Airnav.com website for military operations. Using this operations data, emissions were modeled directly using the EDMS.- 13 - Emissions produced by aircraft at small airports were estimated by using airport operation statistics, which can be found at www.airnav.com and the Federal FAA’s TAF Detailed Report. An emissions factor for a typical general aviation single engine, multi-engine, and jet engine aircraft were derived by averaging the emissions factors from a basket of emission factors for common aircraft of each of the three types of aircraft. Emission factors and operational characteristics contained in EDMS were used. The proportion of operations among the three groups of aircraft was determined by examining the number of each aircraft type based at each airport. For military operations at small airports, the type of aircraft and its emission factors are sometimes identifiable. If not, emission factors calculated to represent an “average” military aircraft are used. Growth

wa s estimated using estimates of future operations found in the FAA TAF Detailed Report.

Railroad Emissions. For 2002 locomotive emissions, the Department projected emissions from a 1999 survey when the Department obtained fuel use statistics from Class II and III railroads. For Class I railroads, which produ ce most of the emissions in the Commonwealth, the Department conducted a 2002 inventory of all railroads that operate in Pennsylvania because the 1999 fuel use data for Class I railroads was skewed by gridlock caused by the acquisition of Conrail by CSX and Norfolk Southern. Both Conrail and Norfolk Southern suffered major gridlock in Pennsylvania and beyond during 1999. Consequently, fuel consumption and air emissions for these two railroads were greatly reduced in 1999. The Department requested and received 2002 fuel usage from these railroad companies and developed a 2002 emissions inventory for them. Emissions were generated using EPA emission factors.

The 2007 Emissions Inventory. The 2007 inventory for the majority of nonroad categories was generated using NMIM2008 of which the NONROAD model is a part. The NONROAD model

e stimates emissions for diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas-fueled nonroad equipment types and includes growth factors. For nonroad vehicle the NMIM does not estimate emissions from aircraft, locomoti ves or commercial marine vessels. Emissions from aircraft, locomotives,

a nd commercial marine vessels were estimated using EPA guidance and best

a vailable information. If specific local operational data was available, that data

wa s used to estimate emissions. State and national data was used if local data was unavailable. NM IM includes emissions from airport ground support equipment. However, emissions for airport ground support equipment calculated by NMIM were removed because EPA considers the emissions calculated by the EDMS to be better estimates of the emissions from airport ground support equipment. Growth estimates for source categories modeled by NMIM are included in the model. The EPA default values were used for most categories.

Aircraft. For airport emissions, Pennsylvania used the database developed by EPA to support the 2008 NEI, as described in the technical support document for the development of the 2007 inventory in Appendix C-1.- 14 - Railroad Emissions. The Department used the emissions inventory developed by the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC). Emissions from 2007 and 2008 were considered to be identical. ERTAC completed a nationwide inventor y with the assistance of the railroad associations and submitted the inventory to the EPA. The ERTAC inventory was the accepted inventory for the 2008 NEI and was loaded into the EPA’s Emission Inventory System (EIS). The Department made slight modifications in cooperation with ERTAC that resulted in changes in emissions of smaller Class III railroads operating in Pennsylvania which included locomotive yard operations. The Department had developed its own inve ntory using information received from a statewide survey of railroad operational data. The Department determined that ERTAC’s methodology and inventory were similar to the Department’s method except in the cases of some smaller railroads mentioned above.

ERTAC developed an emissions inventory for Class I, II
, and III line haul activity based on fuel use, tonnage carried by the railroad using each individual rail link,

c urrent in-use locomotive emission standards, and rail link use. Track grade and locomotive power settings were not considered. ERTAC based their yard locomotive emissions on (1) name and location of rail yards, (2) number of switchers operating per yard, (3) the tier/year of switchers, (4) annual fuel use (gallons /y ear) for switchers per yard, (5) approximate duty cycle or just percent of time in idle for operating switchers, and (6) temporal characteristics of the switche r’s use.

B. Baseline Year (2002 ) Emissions

An emission inventory is an estimate of the emissions from sources in a particular

area. The Department developed an emission inventory for 2002 in accordance with EP A guidance 5

. The 2002 emissions inventory represents the emissions present when the Harrisburg Area did not meet the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS

. The 2002 baseline year inventory includes the pollutants PM 2 .5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, and NH 3
. The inventory consists of sources in four sectors : stationary point sources, stationary area sources, highway vehicle sources and nonroad sources. The 2002 inventory is not directly comparable to the 2007, 2017 and 2025 inventories because of changes in inventory methodology and the

a djustment made to account for condensable PM emissions from EGUs in the 2007
, 2017 and 2025 emission inventories. Table II -1 summarizes the emissions for 2002.

5 Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations – EPA-454/R- 05 -001, August, 2005. Updated November, 2005.- 15 - Table II-1 : Harrisburg Area 2002 Annual Emissions (Tons per Year)

C

. Attainment Year (2007) Annual Emissions (Tons per Year)

An e missions inventory of 2007 emissions of PM 2 .5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, and NH 3 for the Harrisburg Area identifies PM and PM precursor emissions during the period when the Harrisburg Area demonstrated it attained the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS

. Table II-2 summarizes the emissions for 2007. While, as noted above, the 2002 e missions inventory is not directly comparable to the 2007, 2017 and 2025 inventories due to changes in inventory methodology and the adjustment made to account for condensable PM emissions from EGUs in the 2007, 2017 and 2025 emission inventories, PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, and NH 3 emissions decreased by 17%, 10%, 22%, 17% and 7%, respectively, from 2002 to 2007. The permanent and enforceable reductions of direct PM 2.5 , SO 2, NO X and VOC emissions between 2002 and 2007, as described in more detail in Section III
, led to the improvement in air quality observed in that time period.

The emissions inventory shows an apparent increase in PM 2 .5 emissions from stationary sources from 2002 to 2007

, 2017, and 2025

, in part, because the 2002 inventory was based on emissions reported to DEP by the owners and operators of the facilities. The 2002 reports did not include condensable PM for many facilities. The 2007 EGU inventory was augmented utilizing condensable PM

e mission factors for EGUs developed for MARAMA in 2008 to calculate

c ondensable PM emissions where that data was missing. The projected 2017 and 2025 PM 2.5 emissions for EGUs also include condensable PM emissions because they were projected from the 2007 inventory.

Table II -2: Harrisburg Area 2007 Annual Emissions (Tons per Year)- 16 -

D. Growth Projection Methodologies for 2017 and 2025

This section describes the data, methods, and assumptions utilized in developing estimates of emissions changes between 2007 and interim year 2017 and maintena nce year 2025. Appendix C-2 contains the technical support document for the d evelopment of the 2017 emissions inventory. Appendix C-3 contains the technical support document for the development of the 2025 emissions inventory. The documents prov ide details on the specific factors, control assumptions, and implementation schedules used in the emission projection calculations for each source category. MARAMA coordinated development of the projectioninventories for the regional inventory, consisting of the states in the MidAtlantic/Nor

theast Visibility Union and Virginia (MANE-VU+VA).

Significant infrastructure development to extract natural gas from the Marcellus Shale formation in some Pennsylvania counties has occurred. Point and area source emissions result from the placement of drilling equipment, gathering lines

a nd compressor stations. The Harrisburg Area has not experienced any Marcellus Shale development and is not expected to experience any of this development in the future.

EGUs

. Annual 2007 EGU point emissions were “grown” to 2017 and 2025 using
g rowth factors based on AEO2011 Table 96 - Electricity Generation by Elec tricity Market Module Region and Fuel Source. The appropriate AEO2011 growth factor was applied to the 2007 emissions to calculate a “growth only” emission value for 2025. Post-2007 controls or shut downs were applied on a unit

- by -unit basis. The control factors were applied to the grown emissions to

c alculate a “growth and control” emission value for 2025. A more detailed de scription of the methodology used to project emissions from EGUs is located in the technical support document for the development of the 2025 emissions inventory in Appendix C-3

. Non-EGU Point Sources and Stationary Area Sources. For non-EGU point

sources and stationary area sources, the emission projections for the 2017 and 2025 were based on Version 3 .3 of the 2007 MANE-VU+VA inventory, which was adjusted to apply the EPA PM “transport factors” to fugitive du st area

sources.

The methodology for projecting emissions to 2017 and 2025 is documented in the technical support documents for the development of the 2017 and 2025 emissions inventor ies contained in Appendix C-2 and Appendix C-3

, respectively. These doc uments were prepared for MARAMA as part of an effort to assist states in developing maintenance plans for fine particles. The documents describe the data
sources, methods, and results for emission forecasts.- 17 - Non-EGU point source and stationary area source growth factors were developed using :

● Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) fuel consumption forecasts; ● State-level employment projections by NAICS code; and ● Other state-specific emission projection data.

Generally, AEO projection factors were used for fuel consumption sources and employment data for other source categories. The U.S. Energy Information Admini stration (EIA) publishes the AEO annually. The AEO contains long-term projections of energy supply, demand and prices. AEO2010 fuel-use forecasts were available during inventory development. After AEO2011 was published, MARAMA c ompared the AEO2010 and AEO2011 projections. Minor differences were found for most categories. Based on this analysis, the AEO2010 fuel-use forecasts were used for all residential, commercial and industrial sector fuel use, except for industrial natural gas usage, where AEO 2011 projections were used.

Predicted declines in fuel use and employment resulted in negative growth factors for some non-EGU point source an d stationary area source categories. Consequently, for some categories, emissions are lower for the projected future years than for the base year, even before the application of control assumptions. B ecause of the possibility that facilities could apply for and sell Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs) at the level of the base year inventory, Pennsylvania opted for the conservative approach of assuming no growth (growth factor=1) for

non -EGU point source categories with negative AEO or employment growth factors.

As discussed previously, b ecause the 2002 stationary point source inventory was based on emissions reported to the Department by facilities and did not include condensable PM for many facilities, the emissions inventory shows an apparent increase of direct PM 2.5 emissions from stationary point sources in 2007, 2017 and 2025 compared with 2002.

Hi ghway Vehicle Sources. The EPA’s approved highway vehicle emission model

, MOVES2010, projects highway vehicle average fleet emission factors. State specific information was used where available and appropriate. Traffic forecasts were compiled using information from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation’s (PennDOT) Traffic Information System and socioe conomic data. The Pennsylvania methodology for estimating highway vehicle emissions is consistent with the April 2010 guidance published by the EPA’ s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) entitled, Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emissions Inventory Preparation in S tate Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity

. Appendi ces D-1 through D-3 of this Maintenance Plan include specific information on the- 18 - highway emissions inventory methodology, data files of emissions estimates and MOVES input paramete rs

.

As shown in Table II -3
, VMT for the future analysis year increases 40.0% from 7.14 billion VMT in 2007 to 10.00 billion VMT in 2025 within the nonattainment

area. Despite the growth in VMT, emissions of the most significant vehiclere lated precursor, NO X , are significantly lower in the future analysis year. The

e missions shown in Table II -3 do not include a transportation conformity safety margin, which will be discussed later in this document. See, Section III

- B relating to motor vehicle emission budgets for transportation conformity.

Table II -3: Harrisburg Area VMT (Miles) and Vehicle Emissions (Tons per Year)

Year VMT PM 2.5 PM 10 SO 2 NOx VOC NH 3 2002 6
, 836
, 103
, 192 1
, 053 1
, 201 694 33
, 823 9
, 940 390
2007 7
, 141
, 795
, 464 866 1
, 013 175 25
, 194 8
, 220 347
2017 8
, 482
, 352
, 418 384 542 64 11
, 399 4
, 369 254
2025 9
, 995
, 065
, 368 284 494 70 7
, 699 2
, 828 256

Nonroad Sources.

Nonroad Sources in NMIM. Projected emissions for the majority of nonroad emission source categories and pollutants were estimated using the NMIM, which

c ontains default assumptions for projected years. The NMIM estimates emissions for diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas-fueled

nonro ad equipment types and includes growth factors. Control measures due to fina lized emission standards for nonroad vehicles and engines are also accounted for in NMIM. Baseline emissions are multiplied by growth and control factors to obtain pr ojected emissions.

Aircraft Emissions Growth. Aircraft operations were projected to future years by applying activity growth using data on itinerant (ITN) operations at airports as reported in the FAA’s Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) System for 2009-2030 (F AA 2010). The ITN operations are defined as aircraft ta ke -offs or landings. This information is available for approximately 3,300 individual airports. Actual LTOs are reported for 2007 and projected LTOs are provided for all years up to 2030. New aircraft emission controls that will be used in the future were also taken into account.

Railroad Emissions Growth. MANE VU+VA inventory development relied on the AEO2010 growth projections published in May 2010. There are separate
pr ojections for passenger rail and freight rail energy use. Passenger rail data from AEO 2010 Table A-7 was used to calculate the growth factor for 2007-2017 and 2007 -20 25. These growth factors were applied to inter-city passenger train locomotives and independent commuter rail systems. For freight rail, the data- 19 - from AEO2010 Table A-7 was used to calculate the growth factor for 2007-2017

a nd 2007 -2025. Freight rail annual growth factors for Class I line haul, C lass II/III line haul, and yard switch locomotives were used.

Additi onal information about nonroad emission projection methodologies can also be found in Appendices C-2 and C-3
, the technical support documents for the development of the 2017 and 2025 inventories, respectively. The table of nonroad emissions data sorted by source category is available as Appendix E-3.

E

. Interim Year (2017) Emissions

Table II -4 summarizes the emissions expected in 2017. These emissions take activity and emissions growth and/or controls fro m 2007 in to accoun t. Appendix C, re lating to the regional emissions inventory and projection methodology, contains the technical support documents that describe the methodologies used to project the 2007 emissions to 2017

.

Table II -4: Harrisburg Area Projected 2017 Emissions (Tons per Year)

*A portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X has been set aside as a transportation conformity safety margin to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles. The highway vehicle emissions in Table II -4 reflect inclusion of that safety marg in

.

F. Maintenance Year (2025) Emissions

Table II -5 su mmarizes the emissions expected in 2025. These emissions take activity and emissions growth and/or controls from 2007 into account. Appendix C, relating to the regional emissions inventory and projection methodology, contains the technical support documents that describe the methodologies used to project the 2007 emissions to 2025.- 20 - Table II -5: Harrisburg Area Projected 2025 Emissions (Tons per Year)

*A portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X has been set aside as a transportation conformity safety margin to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles. The highway vehicle emissions in Table II -5 reflect inclusion of that safety margin.

G. Maintenance Plan Emissions Test

To demonstrate maintenance of the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS for this area, Pennsylvania must show that the future emissions of PM 2.5 and its precursors will remain at levels that provide for maintenance of the PM 2.5 NAAQS for at least 10 years, taking economic, population and travel growth into account.

While EPA established presumptions related to PM 2.5 precursors in the PM 2.5 Implementation Rule, Pennsylvania recognizes the court decision in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA

, No. 08-1250, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013). The court noted that PM 2.5 precursors, including ammonia and VOCs, are presumptively regulated in PM 2 .5 nonattainment areas under Subpart 4 , pointing
spec ifically to Section 189(e), which applies to control of major stationary sources of PM 10 [the court stated that PM 10 includes PM 2.5 throughout Subpart 4] (706 F.3d at 436, n. 7
, and at 437, n. 10 ). According to CA A S ection 189(e),

c ontrol requirements applicable for major stationary sources of PM 10 also apply to major stationary sources of PM 10 precursors, except where the Administrator determines that major stationary sources do not contribute significantly to PM 10 levels that exceed the standard in the area; Section 189(e) also requires EPA to iss ue guidelines regarding the application of Subsection (e). Pennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration.

This Maintenance Plan contains an attainment year inventory for 2007 and demonstrates that emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC, including emissions in the transportation conformity safety margin for PM 2.5 and NO X , will not be greater in 2017 and 2025 than in the attainment year, as shown in Table II -7

.

Emissions of NO X are projected to decrease from 2007 to 2025 by an estimated 20
, 502 tons (56%). Emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 and VOC also decrease from 2007 to 2025 by approximately 897 tons (18 %) , 1
, 762 tons (33 %) , and 7,984 ton s (36 %) , respectively. Over the same time period, emissions of NH 3 are projected to increase 975 tons (13 %).- 21 - The projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not present a concern for maintaining the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS because emissions of all other pollutants are projected to decline in the Harrisburg Area. The increase in NH 3 emissions is due to anticipated growth reflected by activity factors (such as population and employment, for instance) in the absence of any anticipated control requirements to reduce NH 3 emissions. Changes in PM 2.5 concentrations in the Harrisburg Area have not been driven by changes in ammonia emissions in the past. As shown in Table II -6 and in Figure II -1
, PM 2.5 concentrations have decreased substantially from 2002 through 2011, while NH 3 emissions have held relatively steady. Over the same time period, significant reductions in PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC have occurred, indicating that PM 2.5 concentrations in the Harrisburg Area are sensitive to SO 2 and NO X reductions and that PM 2.5 formation in the Harrisburg Area is likely not limited by NH 3 concentrations. Thus, the projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not appear to be an important factor for maintaining the PM 2.5 NAAQS. In addition, the Harrisburg Area currently has an annual design value based on 2010–2012 monitoring data of 11.9 μg/m 3

, which is significantly lower than the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS of 15 μg/m 3

.

Table II -6: Harrisburg Area NH 3 Emissions and PM 2.5 Design Values

Harrisburg

- Lebanon

- Carlisle 2002 2005 2007 2008 2011 NH 3 (Tons/Year) 7
, 819 8
, 195 7
, 302 7
, 266 7
, 461 PM 2.5 - Annual Design Value Cumberland (42

- 041

- 0101) 14.3* 15.1 13.9 13.2 11.0 Dauphin (42

- 043

- 0401) 15.6 15.8 14.6 13.8 12.1 PM 2.5 - 24

- Hour Design Value Cumberland (42

- 041

- 0101) 41* 40 36 34 31 Dauphin (42

- 043

- 0401) 46 39 38 36 32 *Design value not valid- 22 -

Figure II -1: Harrisburg Area NH 3 Emissions and PM 2.5 Design Value Trends

Table II -7: Harrisburg Area Maintenance Emissions Test

*A portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X has been set aside as a transportation conformity safety margin to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles. The emissions in Table II -6 reflect inclusion of that safety margin. 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012Ammonia (Tons/Year)PM2.5 (ug/m3)

Annual PM2.5 (Cumberland) Annual PM2.5 (Dauphin)
24-Hour PM2.5 (Cumberland) 24-Hour PM2.5 (Dauphin)
NH3 (Tons/Year)- 23 -

I II . PERMANENT AND ENFORCEABLE CONTROL MEASUR ES

A. Permanent and Enforceable Control Measures

Because of the complexity and variability of the process of particulate matter formation, the EPA recognizes that effective control measures for PM 2.5 will vary among nonattainment areas. In the EPA’ s PM 2.5 Implementation Rule , the EPA

e stablished general presumptive policies for assessing which PM 2.5 precursors should be evaluated for possible controls. In the Implementation Rule, the EP A

re quired states to evaluate control measures for SO 2 and primary PM 2.5 in all locations. The EPA required states to evaluate control measures for NO X unless a technical demonstration is made to show that NO X emissions from sources in the
state do not significantly contribute to PM 2.5 concentrations in the nonattainment area. The EPA required states to evaluate measures for VOC and NH 3 only if a technical demonstration is made to show VOC or NH 3 emissions significantly contribute to PM 2.5 in the nonattainment area.

The Department recognizes the January 4, 2013

, decision of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA

, No. 08-1250
, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013). In its decision, the court granted petitions for review that challenged EPA’ s Implementation Rule. After considering the
pe titions and EPA’s response to them, the court remanded the case to EPA to repromulgate the rule pursuant to Subpart 4 of Part D of the Clean Air Act, rather than implementing it under Subpart 1
, as EPA had done (706 F.3d at 437). Because the Court remanded rather than vacated the Implementation Rule, the Implementation Rule remains in effect unless and until EPA rescinds it or
pr omulgates a replacement. In any event, this maintenance plan demonstrates maintena nce of the standard consistent with the Court’s ruling.

In general, the Court’ s de cision could affect an area’s nonattainment classification, certain deadlines, and the impacts of failing to attain timely, and

c ould impose a deadline for implementation of reasonably available and best available control measures (706 F.3d at 436, n. 6 ). Since the Harrisburg Area is

a lready attaining the NAAQS, however, those considerations are not relevant for this maintenance plan. The Court noted that PM 2.5 precursors are presumptively regulated in PM 2.5 nonattainment areas under Subpart 4

, pointing specifically to Section 189(e), which applies to control of major stationary sources of PM 10 [the court stated that PM 10 includes PM 2.5 throughout Subpart 4] (706 F.3d
at 436
, n. 7
, and at 437, n. 10 ).

According to Section 189(e) of the CAA, control requirements applicable for major stationary sources of PM 10 also apply to major stationary sources of PM 10 precursors, except where the Administrator determines that major stationary sources do not contribute significantly to PM 10 levels that exceed the standard in the area. Section 189(e) also requires EPA to issue guidelines regarding the- 24 - application of Subsection (e). Pennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2 .5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration.

This s ection describes the federal and state measures that will provide direct PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , and VOC emission reductions ensuring maintenance of the standa rd.

A summary of the quantity of emission changes expected from 2007 to 2025 is include d in Table III -1 (Negative values indicate emission reductions.). The emission change estimates account for any anticipated growth in the activity of

sourc es regulated by the strategy and include emissions in the transportation conformity safety margin. Direct PM 2 .5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emissions in 2025 in the Harrisburg Area are anticipated to be lower than they were in 2007. This

mea ns that the projected growth in emissions is smaller than anticipated emission

re ductions from control measures for all pollutants in the nonattainment area. Each control measure is explained in greater detail in the following sections. Ammonia emissions, as discussed in Section II -G relating to the maintenance emissions test, are anticipated to increase from 2007 to 2025, but the increase does not present a concern for maintaining the NAAQS in the Harrisburg Area be cause emissions of all other pollutants are projected to decline in the area, and the Harrisburg Area currently has a design value based on 2010–2012 monitoring da ta of 11.9 μg/m 3

, which is significantly lower than the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS of 15 μg/m 3

.

Table III -1: Sum mary of Emission Changes (Tons) from 2007 to 2025

from Control Measures

* A portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X has been set aside as a transportation conformity safety margin to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles. The highway vehicle emissions in Table II I-1 reflect inclusion of that safety margin.

Pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51
, Subpart K (relating to source surveillance), the SIP revision is required to provide for monitoring of the status of compliance with any rules and regulations that set forth any portion of the control strategy. These include provisions, as applicable

, for:

● Emissions reports and recordkeeping for stationary sources;

● Periodic testing and inspection of stationary sources;

● Enforcement and complaint investigation of visible emission limitations;

● Enforceable test methods for emission limits; and

● Continuous emission monitoring for stationary sources.- 25 - Subpart K also requires monitoring of the implementation of transportation control measures (TCMs). There are no TCMs in this SIP revision. The rules and regulations for stationary sources, which are part of the control strategy for attaining and maintaining the PM 2 .5 standard, as well as the Department’s comprehensive permitting program requirements in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127 and the Commonwealth’s SIP in 40 CFR 52.2020

, meet the requirements of Subpart K. EPA has approved the Department’s permitting program as part of the State Implementation Plan.

There are many examples in the Pa. Code of provisions for monitoring the status of compliance with the Department’s rules and regulations. For example, § 127.12(a) (relating to the content of applications) contain requirements for reporting and recordkeeping for plan approval applications. Similar requirements are found in §127.411(a) (relating to content of applications) for permit applications. Sections 145.145 and 145.146 contain the compliance demonstration, reporting and recordkeeping requirements for cement kilns that enable the Department to monitor the status of compliance with the regulations in Chapter 145 Subpart C. The Department also monitors the status of compliance b y conducting complaint investigations. The Department does visible emission inspec tions at regulated facilities and reports the results to the EPA AFS system as required under the Department’s grant. The Department conducts inspections of air contamination sources in accordance with the Compliance Monitoring Schedule which is approved by EPA.

1. Stationary Point Sources

Background for Pennsylvania’s Stationary Source Permitting Programs. An owner or operator of all proposed new air contaminationsources in the Commonwealth are required to receive a plan approval (prec onstruction permit) from the Department prior to the construction,

a ssembly, installation of new sources, modification of any existing stationary air contamination sources, or the installation of air pollution control equipment or devices. Following the construction of the new facility or air contamination source, the owner or operator must obtain an operating permit from the Department. The type of operating permit will depend on the quantity of regulated pollutants emitted from the air contamination sources. DEP will issue a “State-only Operating Permit” for minor air contamination stationary sources that are below the applicability thresholds for Title V facilities. A Title V operating permit is

re quired for major facilities that have the potential to emit air contaminants exceeding the Title V thresholds. The Title V Permit, which is issued for a term of five years, incorporates all applicable requirements for the facility in a single federally enforceable operating permit.- 26 - The requirements contained in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127 (relating to the construction

, modification

, reactivation and operation of sources)

, and associated definitions in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 121.1
, are a suite of programs regulating air contamination sources to improve and maintain air quality. Chapter 127 establishes requirements for the submission

, review and approval of pre

- construction and operating permits for both major and

non

- major air contamination sources. The provisions of Chapter 127 have been codified in the SIP at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1) at various times since May 31
, 1972 and most recent ly on October 5
, 2012
, and are therefore all federally enforceable. Several aspects of Chapter 127 are highlighted below as being particularly important for the maintenance of the PM 2.5 standard.

Title V Permitting Program. The Title V Permitting Program, adopted pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, is applicable to major stationary sources as defined in 25 Pa Code Section 121.1. The purpose of the Title V program is to detail a facility’s air quality requirements in a sing le permit document so that industry, the regulatory agency, and the publi c know exactly what regulations and requirements apply and how the facility’s owner or operator will monitor and demonstrate compliance with all applicable requirements. The Title V permit includes all sources at a sit e including all air pollution control devices as well as activities that were determined to be insignificant sources of emissions. Each source is described in detail within a section of the Title V permit. The

re quirements include general conditions applicable to all Title V facilities,

e mission restrictions, detailed monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements to assure compliance with the facility’s applicable federal and state requirements.

Nonattainment New Source Review and Prevention of Significant Deterioration. Major facilities proposed in Pennsylvania will also be subject to New Source Review (NSR) requirements in nonattainment areas and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements in areas of th e Commonwealth designated attainment for National Ambient Air Quality Standards including carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM), lea d

, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). Generally, NSR permit requirements are applicable to a facility located in a nonattainment area for a particular pollutant with a potential to emit 50 tons or more per year (tpy) of volatile organic compounds or 100 tpy or

more of NOx, SO 2 , PM or carbon monoxide. It should be noted that the entire Commonwealth, included in the Ozone Transport Region by operation of law, is treated as a “moderate” ozone nonattainment area, irr espective of the area’s attainment status. Because NOx and VOC are precursors of PM 2.5 , NOx and VOC emission reductions required statewide under the nonattainment NSR program for ozone also allow Pennsylvania to make substantial progress in attaining and maintaining the PM 2.5 NAAQS. Any major stationary source or major modification- 27 - subject to the NSR requirements must receive a plan approval. To receive approval from the Department, a person must show that the proposed source will, among other things, offset its potential to emit air contaminants including NOx, PM and VOCs by securing emission reductions credits at the specified offset ratio, will employ the “lowest achievable emission rate” (LAER) for each regulated pollutant and

c onduct an alternative analysis. The nonattainment NSR requirements are

c odified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127, Subchapter E and approved as a SIP revision on December 9

, 1997 (62 FR 64722).

The PSD program is a pre-construction review and permitting program applicable to new or modified major stationary sources subject to Title I, P arts C and D of the federal CAA. The PSD requirements are applicable
to m ajor sources in areas attaining the NAAQS. The federal PSD regulations codified in 40 CFR Part 52 are incorporated by reference in their entirety in 25 Pa. Code § 127.83 (relating to adoption by reference ). The Department’s PSD regulations, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapt er 127
, Subchapter D, were approved by the EPA on August 21

, 1984 and codified at 40 CFR § 52.2058 (49 FR 33128).). PSD permit requirements may apply to a facility located in an attainment area for a standard with the potential to emit 100 tpy or 250 tpy of the six criteria pollutants including carbon monoxide

, lead

, nitrogen dioxide

, ozone, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide depending on the source category. Any major stationary source or major modification subject to the PSD requirements must conduct an analysis to establish the best available control technology (BACT). In addition, the owner or operator of a facility needs to conduct an ambient air quality analysis, analyze the impacts to soils, vegetation and visibility and make sure that the project will not adversely impact mandatory federal Class I areas including national parks greater than 6
, 000 acres and national wilderness areas and national memorial parks
g reater than 5,000 acres.

B est Available Technology Program. The Department’s Best Available Technology (BAT) Program ensures that new stationary sources will
pr event, reduce or control emissions of air contaminants to the maximum de gree possible. The Department determines BAT requirements on a caseby -case basis for both major and minor stationary sources taking into account energy, environmental and costs. Pursuant to 25 Pa. Code §127.1
, the emission of air pollutants from new sources in Pennsylvania must be controlled to the maximum extent

, consistent with the best available technology as determined by the Department as of the date of issuance of the plan approval for the new source. Under 25 Pa. Code §127.12(a)(5)

, a n application for a plan approval must show that the emissions from a new source will be the minimum attainable through the use of the best available technology. Pennsylvania regulations define “ best ava ilable technology ” in 25 Pa. Code § 121.1 as
, “ Equipment

, devices

, methods or- 28 - techniques as determined by the Department which will prevent, reduce or control emissions of air contaminants to the maximum degree possible and which are available or may be made available.” The Department’s BAT

re gulations, codified in 25 Pa. Code §§ 127.1 and 127.12(a)(5), were approved by EPA on July 30, 1996, and codified in the SIP at 40 CFR §52.2020( c)(1).

Background. In 1998
, EPA promulgated the NO X SIP Call as the EPA’ s principal effort to reduce interstate transport of air pollution (63 FR 57356 ; October 27
, 1998 ). In response to the federal NO X SIP call rule, Pennsylvania adopted the NO X Budget Trading Program regulations for EGUs and large industrial boilers, with emission reductions to commence May 1
, 2003. The regulations were approved by EPA as a

re vision to the Commonwealth’s SIP on August 21
, 2001 (66 FR 43795). Additionally, in response to the NO X SIP Call, Pennsylvania adopted additional NO X control regulations covering cement plants and internal combustion engines, with emission reductions to commence Ma y 1, 2005. These regulations were approved by EPA as a SIP revision

on September 29

, 2006 (71 FR 57428).

NOx and SO 2 Control Programs. In 1998
, EPA promulgated the NO X SIP Call as the EPA’s principal effort to reduce interstate transport of air pollution (63 FR 57356; October 27, 1998). In response to the federal NO X SIP call rule, Pennsylvania adopted the NO X Budget Trading Program regulations for EGUs and large industrial boilers, with emission reductions to commence May 1

, 2003. The regulations were approved by EPA as a revision to the Commonwealth’s SIP on August 21

, 2001 (66 FR 43795). Additionally, in response to the NO X SIP Call, Pennsylvania adopted additional NO X control regulations covering cement plants and internal combustion engines, with emission reductions to commence May 1
, 2005. These regulations were approved by EPA as a SIP revision on September 29

, 2006 (71 FR 57428).

Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). In 2005
, EPA adopted CAIR (70 FR 25162; May 12
, 2005
, as amended) to address interstate transport of NO X and SO 2 . CAIR is now being implemented in Pennsylvania through the Department’s CAIR regulation, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 145

, Subchapter D, with related amendments in Chapters 121

, 129 and 145. EPA approved Pennsylvania’s CAIR SIP revision on De cember 10

, 2009
, codified at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1) (74 FR 65446). In the CAIR SIP revision, Pennsylvania terminated the NO X Budget Trading Program and transitioned to the federal CAIR for large electric generating units (EGU).

The market-based CAIR is designed to reduce EGU emissions of NO X and SO 2 below 2002 levels throughout the eastern United States.- 29 - Pennsylvania and the other CAIR states were required to adopt a regulation implementing the requirements of the CAIR or an equivalent program. The large EGUs in Pennsylvania were initially regulated under CAIR FIPs promulgated by EPA, but have been regulated under the SIP since EPA approved Pennsylvania’s CAIR SIP revision. Under the SIP revision, Pennsylvania participates in the EPA-administered cap-and-trade
pr ograms for NO X annual, NO X ozone season, and SO 2 annual emissions.

EPA’ s CAIR was remanded to EPA for revisions by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia on December 23 , 2008 (See, N orth Carolina v. EPA

, 531 F.3d 896, modified, 550 F.3d 1176 (D.C. Cir. 2008)). Following remand, EPA replaced CAIR with the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), but in a separate legal challenge the court vacated CSAPR. In that ruling, the court ordered EPA to continue administering CAIR pending the promulgation of a valid replacement (See, EME Homer City Generation L.P. v. EPA
, 696 F.3d 7 (D.C. Cir. 2012, rehearing denied, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 1623 and 1624 (D.C. Cir. Jan. 24

, 2013)). On June 24
, 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States accepted review of the case. Following the Circuit Cou rt ’ s direction, CAIR remains in place pending the Supreme Court’s review.

NO X Budget Trading Program limits on non-EGUs. The CAIR SIP

re vision also established emission limits for the non-EGUs and other units that were subject to the Commonwealth’ s NO X Budget Trading Program but are not subject to the CAIR NO X Ozone Season Trading Program. Th ese units must continue monitoring NO X emissions and must meet an emissions cap. Each unit has an allowable emission rate, calculated by J anuary 31 of each year, based on the previous ozone season’s heat input. I f the combined NO X ozone season emissions from all of the se units exceed the statewide ozone season emission cap of 3, 438 tons, each unit that e xceeds its individual allowable emissions limit for that ozone season
must surrender to the Department one CAIR NO X ozone season allowance and one CAIR NO X annual allowance for each ton of emissions over its

a llowable limit. In addition, the Commonwealth has set aside 181 tons of NO X , including tons that will be retired each year to compensate for sources that were exempted under the “twenty-five ton exemption” in S ection 145.4(b)3. The balance of tons remaining in the set aside is

a vailable to the Department annually for accounting corrections. The C ommonwealth retires any unused amount from this set aside each year.

It is unlikely that the 3, 438-ton statewide NO X ozone season emission limitation will be exceeded. Pennsylvania’s non -EGU sources’ total

e missions during each of the years they were trading under the NO X B udget Trading Program never exceeded the statewide cap of 3,438 tons.- 30 - The Department’s regulation, codified in 25 Pa. Code §145.8(d), was approved by EPA as a SIP revision on December 10, 2009
, and codified at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1).

C ement kilns and large stationary internal combustion engines. The CAIR SIP revision also included regulations updating the cement manufacturing and large stationary internal combustion engine regulations that were adopted pursuant to the NO X SIP Call. Until 2009

, cement kilns and large stationary internal combustion engines that were subject to the NO X SIP Call were required to surrender NO X SIP Call allowances if they exceed ed their NO X emission limits set forth in Department regulations. B ecause the Department discontinued the NO X Budget Trading Program beginning 2009, at which point NO X SIP Call allowances were replaced by CAIR NO X ozone season allowances, the Department modified the regulations to require surrender of CAIR NO X ozone season and CAIR NO X annual allowance s for emission limit exceedances.

The Department’s regulations for large stationary internal combustion engines and cement kilns, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 145, S ubchapters B and C, respectively, were approved by EPA as a SIP revision on December 10, 2009
, and codified at 40 CFR § 51.2020(c)(1). An amendment to the Department’s regulation for cement kilns to reduce NO X emissions effective April 15
, 2011, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 145

, Subchapter C, was subsequently approved by EPA as a SIP revision on July 19

, 2011, and codified at 40 CFR §51.2020(c)(1).

Federal Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. Federal standards to control hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) require Maximum Achievable Co ntrol Technology (MACT) at units located at major sources of HAPs. The EPA has promulgated a series of MACT regulations that are

a pplicable to sources in Pennsylvania. These MACT standards are adopted and incorporated by reference in Section 6.6 of Pennsylvania’ s Air Pol lution Control Act and implementing regulations in 25 Pa. Code § 127.35 (relating to maximum achievable control technology standards for hazardous air pollutants) . The standards are also included in federally enforceable plan approval s and permits issued by the De partment for affected sources.

2 Highway Vehicle Sources

Even with increases in VMT that occur from 2007 through 2025, highway vehicle emissions will continue to decrease. As more vehicles subject to cleaner new car standards replace older vehicles subject to less stringent new vehicle standards, the fleet as a whole emits fewer emissions,

c ompensating for the increase in vehicle miles traveled. These decreases

c an be attributed to the programs described below.- 31 - Federal Motor Vehicle Control Programs (FMVCP) andPennsylvania Clean Vehicle Program for passenger vehicles and lightduty trucks and cleaner gasoline. Tier 1 tailpipe standards established by the CAA Amendments of 1990 include NO X and VOC limits for lightd uty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and light-duty gasoline trucks (LDGTs). The phase in of these standards began in 1994. Evaporative VOC emissions were reduced in gasoline-powered cars starting with Model Y ear (MY) 1998.

I n 1998, under the authority of Section 177 of the CAA, the Department adopted the Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program (28 Pa. B. 5973, Dec. 5
, 1998). The Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program incorporates by reference certain California Low Emission Vehicle (CA LEV) emission standards for passenger cars and light-duty trucks. As required under S ection 177 of the CAA, these provisions are identical to the low emission standards adopted by California. The regulation does not incorporate by reference the California zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) or emissions control warranty systems statement provisions.

In the same rulemaking, the Department adopted the National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program as a compliance alternative to the Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program. The NLEV program becam e effective in the Ozone Transport Region (OTR) in 1999. Pennsylvania’ s New Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program regulations in 25 Pa. Code Sections 126.401 -126.441
, in addition to including the Clean Vehicles Program, allowed automobile manufacturers to comply with NLEV instead of the CA LEV program through MY 2005. These regulations affected vehicles 6,000 pounds and less and were the

re gulations in effect for new motor vehicles in the baseline year, 2002.

In 1999, the EPA promulgated regulations more stringent than NLEV (Tier 2), starting with MY 2004 (65 FR 6698 ; Feb. 10
, 2000) T he NLEV program was replaced for MY 2004 and later by the more stringent Tier 2 regulations

, and vehicle manufacturers operating under the NLEV program became subje ct to the Tier 2 requirements.

Pennsylvania amended the former New Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program in 2006. The Clean Vehicles Program continues to incorporate the California Low Emission Vehicle Program by reference. As amended, the pr ogram affects MY 2008 and newer passenger cars and light-duty trucks vehicles (36 Pa .B

. 7424 ; Dec. 9
, 2006 ), corrected 37 Pa. B. 209 (Jan. 12, 2007
, eff. Dec. 9

, 2006). EPA approved Pennsylvania’s Clean Vehicle Program as a revision to the Commonwealth’s SIP on January 24

, 2012 (77 FR 3386).- 32 - Heavy-Duty Diesel Control Programs. The EPA promulgated more stringent national regulations for heavy-duty engines and vehicles (over 14
, 000 pounds) starting with MY 2004. In addition, federal consent decrees with seven of the largest heavy-duty engine manufacturers required, among other terms, th at diesel engines made by these companies comply with these 2004 standards two model years early, in MY 2002. The emission reductions from these programs are reflected in the future
y ear emission inventories, as provided in the MOVES model.

In 2002, the Department adopted the Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control Program for model years starting after May 2004. The program incorporates California standards by reference and requires MY 2005 and subsequent new heavy-duty diesel highway engines to be those certified by California. California standards we re more stringent than federal standards for the two model years between expiration of the consent de crees discussed above (MYs 2005 and 2006 ) a nd the implementation of more stringent federal standards affecting MY 2007 and beyond. However, EPA’ s MOVES model already assumed that the engines would comply with consent decree standards, even without an enforcement mechanism. The Department has used MOVES defaults to calculate

e missions from MY 2005 and 2006 highway engines.

The EPA adopted new emission standards for heavy-duty engines and

ve hicles for MY 2007 and subsequent. For diesel engines, the standards

were phased in from 2007 to 2010 for NO X and VOCs. For gasoline engines, the standards were phased in during MY 2008 and 2009. Federal and California standards were virtually identical for MY 2007. For MY 2008, California adopted requirements for idling restriction engine programming and an option al “clean NO X idle” standard. However, there is no EPA-approved methodology to estimate emission reductions from this requirement. Therefore, the emission estimates use assumptions of the federal rule for MY 2007 through 2010.

Because the new engine standards are adversely affected by sulfur in fuel, the EP A also required most highway diesel fuel to contain no more than 15 parts per million (ppm) of sulfur, beginning in the fall of 2006. There

wa s a temporary compliance option allowing refiners to continue to produce up to 20 percent of their highway diesel fuel at 500 ppm fuel until 2010. The Department used MOVES defaults to estimate the effects of the pha se-in provision.

Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance Program. In early 2004, P ennsylvania expanded its Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance(I/M) Program into the Harrisburg Area. The program applies to gasolinepowered vehicles 9,000 pounds and under, model years 1975 and newer. For vehicles 1996 and newer, the program consists of an annual on-board- 33 - diagnostics test and a gas cap pressure test. For subject vehicles 1995 and older, the program consists of an annual visual inspection of pollution

c ontrol devices to ensure they are present, connected and the proper type for the vehicle and a gas cap pressure test. These regulations can be found in 67 Pa. Code Chapter 177. The Department submitted the expanded emissions program as a SIP revision on December 1, 2003. EPA approved the SIP revision on October 6

, 2005 (70 FR 58313 ).

Low Sulfur Gasoline

. Sulfur is a natural ly occur r ing component of crude oil that ends up in gasoline and diesel unless removed. Sulfur in gasoline impairs the effectiveness of emission control systems and contributes to air pollution. By removing most sulfur from gasoline

, new advanced emission controls will work longer and more efficiently

, and air pollution will be reduced.

The 1999 federal Tier 2 regulations (65 FR 6698; Feb. 10
, 2000) reduce d the sulfur content of gasoline by up to 90 percent , enabling the use of new emission control technologies in cars and trucks that reduce harmful air pollution. The emission inventory analysis in this Maintenance Plan uses the default assumptions provided in MOVES2010 to account for the implementation of t he federal standards for low sulfur gasoline. Requirements for use of low

- sulfur gasoline enabled use of advanced emission control systems in light

- duty vehicles beginning in model year 2004. Vehicles meeting Tier 2 emission standards are 77 to 95 percen t cleaner than earlier models.

On May 21
, 2013
, EPA proposed a rulemaking reducing sulfur content in gasoline further with a Tier 3 Low Sulfur Gasoline program and

e stablishing tailpipe and evaporative emission standards for motor vehicles including passenger cars , light

- duty trucks

, medium

- duty passenger vehicles

, and certain heavy

- duty vehicles (78 FR 29816). The
pre

- publication version of the final rule was signed by the EPA Administrator on March 3
, 2014. These federal standards will take effect 60 days after the final rule is published in the Federal Register. The Tier 3 program requires the annual average content of sulfur in gasoline to be reduced to 10 parts per million

, starting January 1
, 2017. By 2018
, EPA estimates that SO 2 emissions wi ll be reduced by 56 percent . When fully implemented

, this program

, by 2030

, will increase the effectiveness of vehicle emission controls even further and reduce onroad emissions of NOx by 25 percent , direct particulate matter by 10 percent and VOCs by 16 percent . The rule will also significantly reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and hazardous air pollutants including acrolein

, benzene

, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.- 34 - 3 Nonroad Sources

The EPA has adopted a series of regulations affecting new diesel-powered ( “compression ignition”) and gasoline-powered (“spark ignition”) nonroad engines of various sizes (horsepower) and applications. Information on these federal rules, including their implementation dates, can be found at www.epa.gov/nonroad. The Department used the assumptions built into the nonroad model (NONROAD2005) and NMIM to estimate emissions for all milestone years.

While the EPA has published a notice of proposed rulemaking for more stringent standards for locomotives and large commercial marine diesel engines, the agency has not finalized any new standards.

On June 29
, 2004
, EPA adopted a rule establishing a comprehensive national program to reduce emissions from nonroad diesel engines (69 FR 38958). The rule phased in requirements for reducing the sulfur content of diesel used in nonroad diesel engines. The reduction in fuel sulfur content prevents damage to the more advanced emission control systems needed to meet the engine standards; it will also reduce fine particulate emissions from diesel engines. In 2007, fuel sulfur levels were limited to 500 ppm for nonroad applications other than ocean- go ing marine vessels. In 2010, fuel sulfur levels were reduced to the same sulfur

c oncentration as in highway fuel, 15 ppm; this requirement began

a pplying in 2012 to locomotive and marine diesel fuel. EPA adopted
tec hnical amendments to the program in rules published in the Federal Register on November 22
, 2005 (70 FR 70498) and May 1
, 2006 (71 FR 25706). On April 30
, 2010 (75 FR 22896), EPA adopted changes to the nonroad diesel fuel program to allow for the production and sale of diesel fuel with up to 1,000 ppm sulfur for use in Category 3 marine vessels. This requirement does not impact the HarrisburgArea because the Harrisburg Area does not have emissions from commercial marine vessels.

4 Stationary Area Sources

Low Sulfur Fuel Oil. The Environmental Quality Board has adopted a rule to reduce the sulfur content of fuel oil in Pennsylvania. This final rule

, published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin February 9
, 2013 (43 Pa. B. 806), corrected April 20 , 2013 (43 Pa. B. 2140 ), will limit the sulfur content of No. 2 fuel oil to 500 ppm, No. 4 fuel oil to 2, 500 ppm

a nd Nos. 5 and 6 fuel oils to 5, 000 ppm. Compliance with the lower sulfur content limits will be required beginning July 1

, 2016. The Department estimates statewide SO 2 emission reductions of approximately 25,000 tons per year from this rule. These emission reductions will allow the Commonwealth to attain and maintain the PM 2.5 standards and improve visibility. The final-form regulation was submitted to EPA for approval as- 35 - a SIP revision on February 26, 2013, and determined by EPA on March 28

, 2013
, to be administratively complete. On February 20

, 2014
, EPA proposed approval, as a revision to the SIP, Pennsylvania’ s

re gulation for the “Control of Commercial Fuel Oil Sulfur Limits for C ombustion Units” (79 FR 9701 ). Action on the final SIP revision is expected this summer.

Consumer Products. This regulation applies statewide to any person who sells, supplies

, offers for sale, or manufactures certain consumer
pr oducts on or after January 1

, 2005, for use in the Commonwealth. The program is contained in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 130
, Subchapter B. It was submitted to the EPA as a SIP revision on March 26

, 2003
, and approved

on December 8

, 2004 (69 FR 70895). Amendments to the Consumer Products regulations were adopted on October 11

, 2008
, submitted to the EPA for approval as a SIP revision on March 11
, 2009
, and approved by EPA as a SIP revision on October 18, 2010 (75 FR 63717).

Adhesives, Sealants , Primers and Solvents. Pennsylvania adopted a regulation in 2010 to control VOC emissions from Adhesives, Sealants, P rimers and Solvents. This regulation was published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on December 25, 2010
, (40 Pa. B. 7340) and approved by EPA as

a SIP revision on September 26

, 2012 (77 FR 59090).

B. Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets for Transportation Conformity

Section 176 of the CAA provides a mechanism by which federally funded or approved highway and transit plans, programs, and projects are determined not to produce new air quality violations, worsen existing violations, or delay timely attainment of the NAAQS. EPA regulations issued to implement transportation conformity provide that motor vehicle emission “budgets” establish caps of these emissions that cannot be exceeded by the predicted transportation system emissions in the future. Transportation agencies in Pennsylvania are responsible for making timely transportation conformity determinations. The responsible
agency for Cumberland and Dauphin counties in the Harrisburg Area is the TriC ounty Regional Planning Commission, the designated Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) under federal transportation planning requirements. The

re sponsible agency for Lebanon County is the Lebanon County Metropolitan Planning Organization.

In this Maintenance Plan, Pennsylvania establish es budgets for highway emissions for direct PM 2.5 and NO X in order to ensure that transportation emissions do not impede clean air goals in the next decade and beyond. The highway emission budgets include a safety margin, which was created by setting aside a portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year

e missions of PM 2.5 and NO X to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles.- 36 - Amendments to the 40 CFR Part 93 transportation conformity regulations to address the 1997 PM 2.5 standard were published in the Federal Register on May 6
, 2005 (70 FR

24280), to account for PM 2.5 and its precursors. 6 The Implementation Rule did not amend these regulations. Section 93.102 requires conformity determinations to be applicable to direct emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X (unless a determination is made that transportation-related emissions are not significant contributors to PM 2.5 ), but to emissions of SO 2 , VOC
, and NH 3 only if a finding is made that transportation-related emissions of these pollutants are significant contributors to PM 2.5
. EPA approved Pennsylvania’s SIP revision establishing transportation conformity requirements in the Commonwealth on April 29
, 2009 (74 FR 19451).

This SIP revision establishes motor vehicle emission budgets for PM 2 .5 and NO X
. The information in Table I II -2
, once the EPA approves it for purposes of conformity, will establish transportation conformity budgets for the Harrisburg Ar ea. Note that separate conformity budgets are being established for each MPO. The transportation conformity regulations (40 CFR § 93.124(d)) allow a SIP to establish motor vehicle budgets for each MPO if a nonattainment area includes more than one MPO. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has

re quested separate budgets to allow the planning organizations to move their transportation conformity determinations through the approval processes

se parately.

6 The Federal transportation conformity regulations were again amended on March 14 , 2012 (77 FR 14979) to restructure several sections so that they apply to any new or revised NAAQS and make several clarifications to improve implementation.- 37 - Table III -2: Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (Tons per Year)

The highway emission budgets include a safety margin to accommodate

una nticipated growth in highway vehicles. The safety margins were created by setting aside a portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance
y ear emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X
. Table III -3 shows that the amount of emission reductions anticipated between 2007 and 2017 and between 2007 and 2025 easily

a ccommodates the safety margins granted.- 38 -

Table III -3: Comparison of Safety Margin to Total Anticipated Emission Reductions in 2017 an d 2025

Harrisburg Area Total Emissions PM 2.5 NO X
2007 4
, 855 36
, 617
2017 4
, 182 21
, 722
2025 3
, 915 15
, 346

2007

– 2017 Anticipated Emission Reductions 672 14
, 895
Margin Granted 58 1
, 140

2007

- 2025 Anticipated Emission Reductions 939 21
, 271
Margin Granted 43 770

For informational purposes, DEP analyzed the projected 2025 inventory and found that highway emissions of SO 2, VOC and NH 3 , account for 1.93%, 19.73% and 3.09% of the total projected 2025 inventory, respectively, as shown in Table III -4

.

Table III -4: Comparison of 2025 On

- Road Mobile SO 2, VOC and NH 3 Emissions to the Total Projected 2025 Inventory

2025 SO 2 VOC NH 3 On

- Road Mobile Source Projected Inventory (Tons) 70 2
, 828 256

Total Projected 2025 Inventory (Tons) 3
, 626 14
, 333 8
, 277

Percent of Total Projected 2025 Inventory (%) 1.93 19.73 3.09

The motor vehicle emission budgets include PM from vehicle exhaust, brake

we ar, and tire wear, which are estimated by the MOVES model. The Department has included direct PM 2.5 re -entrained road dust emissions from paved and unpaved roads in the area source inventory, not in the motor vehicle emission budgets. Appendices B-3 and B-4
, relating to area source annual emissions,

c ontain estimates of the PM 2.5 emissions attributable to paved and unpaved roads.

The Harrisburg monitoring site includes a monitor that measures PM 2 .5 mass and

a speciation monitor that collects data on the chemical constituents of PM 2.5 in the Harrisburg Area. Transportation construction-related fugitive dust emissions are not a sig nificant contributor to the PM 2.5 concentrations observed at the- 39 - Harrisburg monitor. At the Harrisburg monitor, the crustal component was found to be small compared to other components of PM 2.5 (See, Figure 1 ). Given that construction-related fugitive dust is one of many source categories contributing to the crustal material observed at the monitor, and transportation construction is a small subset of all construction, it is reasonable to conclude that transportation

c onstruction-related fugitive emissions are insignificant.

Figure 1. Pie Chart of 2007 Harrisburg Speciation Data

Harrisburg Percentage of Total Mass Year 2007

Nitrate

15%

Sulfate

27%

Ammonium 14% Organic carbon 24% Elemental carbon 6% Crustal component 3% Other

11%- 40 -

IV. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

The Commonwealth will continue to operate the air monitoring network in accordance with 40 CFR Part 58 to verify the attainment status of the area for the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS
, with no reductions in the number of sites from those in the existing network unless pre-approved by EPA. The Commonwealth has concurrently submitted to EPA a request for redesignation of the Harrisburg Area that contains analysis of ambient air
qua lity data and related factors.

V. VERIFICATION OF CONTINUED ATTAINMENT

The Commonwealth will track the attainment status of the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS in the Harrisburg Area by reviewing air quality and emissions data during the maintenance period. The Commonwealth will perform an annual evaluation of two key factors, VMT data and emissions reported from stationary sources, and compare them to the assumptions about these factors used in this plan. The Commonwealth will also evaluate the periodic (every three years) emission inventories prepared under E PA ’ s Air Emission R eporting Requirements (40 CFR Part 51
, Subpart A) to see if they exceed the attainment
y ear inventory (2007) by more than 10 percent. Based on these evaluations, the Commonwealth will consider whether any further emission control measures should be implemented.

VI. CONTINGENCY MEASURES

The Commonwealth will adopt and expeditiously implement corrective actions, as necessary and appropriate, in the following circumstances:

A first level response will be prompted if the annual mean PM 2.5 concentration exceeds 15.5 μg/m 3 in a single calendar year within the maintenance area or if the periodic

e missions inventory for the Harrisburg Area exceeds the attainment year inventory (2007 ) by more than 10 percent. The first level response will consist of a study to de termine whether the PM 2.5 value indicates a trend toward higher PM 2.5 values and whether emissions appear to be increasing. If there appears to be an increasing trend, the study will evaluate whether the trend is likely to continue and, if so

, the necessary and appropriate control measures to reverse the trend. Implementation of necessary and appropriate controls would take place as expeditiously as possible.

A second level response will be prompted if the 2-year average of the annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations exceeds 15.0 μg/m 3 within the maintenance area. If this trigger point
occurs, the Commonwealth will evaluate whether additional emission control measures shoul d be implemented in order to prevent a violation of the air quality standard. The Department will analyze the conditions leading to the PM 2.5 levels and evaluate what measures might be most effective in correcting the PM 2.5 levels. The Department will

a lso analyze the potential emissions effect of federal, state and local measures that have been adopted but not yet implemented at the time the second level response is triggered. The Department will then begin the process of adopting any selected measures that are- 41 -

necessary and appropriate so that in the event of a violation, the measures can be implemented as expeditiously as practicable.

If a violation of the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS occurs, the Commonwealth will propose and

a dopt additional emission reduction measures, as necessary and appropriate, as expeditiously as practicable in accordance with the implementation schedule in this section, the CAA, the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Control Act, other Pennsylvania statutory requirements, and the Department’s Policy for Development, Approval and Availability of Regulations in order to return the area to attainment with the standard.

Additi onal emission reduction measures to be considered for adoption if a violation of the NA AQS occurs in the Harrisburg Area would be based on criteria including the following :

● Air quality analysis indicating nature of violation [cause, location, source]; ● Emission reduction potential, including extent to which emission generating sources occur in the nonattainment area; ● Timeliness of implementation in terms of the potential to return the area to

a ttainment as expeditiously as practicable; and ● Costs, equity and cost-effectiveness.

Additional emission reduction measures the Department would consider pursuing for
pr omulgation if a violation of the NAAQS occurs in the Harrisburg Area include the following :

Regulatory measures:

● A regulation based on the OTC Model Rule to update requirements for consumer products; ● A regulation based on the Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) for industrial cleaning solvents; and ● Other regulatory measures identified based on the above-listed criteria.

Non-regulatory measures:

● Voluntary diesel projects: ○ Diesel retrofit (including replacement, repowering or alternative fuel use) for public or private local onroad or offroad fleets;

○ Idling reduction technology for Class 2 yard locomotives; and ○ Idling reduction technologies or strategies for truck stops, warehouses and other freight-handling facilities. ● Promotion of accelerated turnover of lawn and garden equipment, especially commercial equipment. ● Additional promotion of alternative fuels for fleets, home heating and agricultural

use.- 42 -

Once the Department’ s Bureau of Air Quality has obtained an approved request to initiate a rulemaking, the rulemaking may proceed as follows:

Within 2 months: Review by Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee (AQTAC), Citizens Advisory Council and other advisory committees, 7 as appropriate. Within 5 month s: Environmental Quality Board (EQB) meeting/action. Within 7 months: Publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin for comment as proposed rulemaking. Within 9 month s: Public hearing takes place and comment period on proposed rule closes. Within 10 months : Independent Regulatory Review Commission (IRRC) comment on proposed rule. Within 12 month s: AQTAC, Citizens Advisory Council and other advisory committees, as appropriate

, review responses to comments and draft final rulemaking. Within 15 month s: EQB meeting/action. Within 16 months: IRRC action on final rulemaking. Within 17 month s: Attorney General review/action. W ithin 18 months: Publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin as final rulemaking and submission to the EPA as a SIP revision. The regulation would become effective upon publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin

.

7 Other committees could include the Small Business Compliance Advisory Committee and Agriculture Advisory Committee.- 43 - ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AEO Annual Energy Outlook AQTAC Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee BACT Best Available Control Technology BAT Best Available Technology CAA Clean Air Act CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CA LEV California Low Emission Vehicle (program) CF Control Factor CFR Code of Federal Regulations CMU Carnegie Mellon University CMV Commercial Marine Vessel DEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection EDMS Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System EGAS Economic Growth Analysis System EGU Electric Generating Unit EIA Energy Information Administration EIS Emission Inventory System EPA The United States Environmental Protection Agency EQB Environmental Quality Board ERC Emission Reduction Credit ERTAC Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee FAA Federal Aviation Administration FIP Federal Implementation Plan FIRE Factor Information Retrieval FMVCP Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program FR Federal Register FRM Federal Reference Method HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant I/M Inspection and Maintenance IRRC Independent Regulatory Review Commission ITN Itinerant LDGV Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles LDGT Light Duty Gasoline Trucks MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology MANE- VU Mid-Atlanti c/ Northeast Visibility Union MARAMA Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MY Model Y ear NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NAICS North American Industry Classification System NEI National Emissions Inventory NH 3 Ammonia NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle (program)- 44 -

NMIM National Mobile Inventory Model NO X Oxides of Nitrogen NSR New Source Review OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality OTC Ozone Transport Commission OTR Ozone Transport Region OWB Outdoor Wood-fired Boiler PennDOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation PM Particulate Matter PM 2.5 Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter or Fine Particulates PM 10 P articulate Matter less than 10 microns in diameter PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration RWC Residential Wood Combustion SCC Source Classification Code SIP State Implementation Plan SO 2 Sulfur Dioxide TAF Terminal Area Forecast TCM Transportation Control Measures TSD Technical Support Document
μ g/m 3 M icrogram per cubic meter
μ m Micrometer VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOC Volatile Organic Compound WOE Weight of Evidence ZEV Zero Emissions Vehicle

# Commonwealth of Pennsylvania



# R EQUEST FOR 

# R EDESIGNATION AS 

# A TTAINMENT 

# H ARRISBURG 

# -L EBANON 

# -C ARLISLE 

# N ONATTAINMENT 

# A REA 

# 1997 F INE 

# P ARTICULATE 

# M ATTER 

# N ATIONAL 

# A MBIENT 

# A IR 

# Q UALITY 

# S TANDARDS



# APRIL 2014

Bureau of Air Quality Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

P.O. Box 8468 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 717 -787 -9495

www.dep.state.pa.us[This page intentionally left blank.]i Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1

I. De monstration of Attainment and Air Quality Trends Analysis .........................................3

A. Design Value Determination................................................................................... 4 B. Air Q uality Trends Analysis ................................................................................... 4 C. C limate Trends Analysis ......................................................................................... 7 1. Temperature Trends .................................................................................... 8 2. Precipitation Trends .................................................................................... 9 D. Add itional Trends ................................................................................................. 10 1. Population Trends ..................................................................................... 10 2. Economic Trends ...................................................................................... 11 E. Modeling Analyses ............................................................................................... 13

II

. SIP APPROVALS AND APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS ...........................................15

A. Section 110(a)(2) of the CAA ............................................................................... 15 B. P art D - Plan Requirements for Nonattainment Areas .......................................... 16 1. Section 172(c) of the CAA ....................................................................... 16 2. Section 173 of the CAA ............................................................................ 16 3. Section 176 of the CAA ............................................................................ 17 4. Section 189(e) of the CAA ....................................................................... 18 C. Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 18

III. Demonstration of Permanent and Enforceable Improvement ............................................19

A. Baseline (2002) Emissions Inventory ................................................................... 20 B. Attainment Year (2007) Emissions Inventory ...................................................... 21 C. C ontrol Measures .................................................................................................. 22 1. Stationary Point Sources ........................................................................... 24 2. Highway Vehicle Sources ......................................................................... 29 3. Nonroad Sources ....................................................................................... 32 4. Stationary Area Sources ............................................................................ 33

IV. MAINTENANCE PLAN ...................................................................................................34ii Table of Tables

Table I-1: Harrisburg Area Annual PM 2.5 Concentrations ............................................................. 4 Ta ble I-2: Harrisburg Area 24-Hour PM 2.5 Concentrations ........................................................... 5 Ta ble I-3: Harrisburg Area Annual PM 2.5 Design Values.............................................................. 5 Ta ble I-4: Harrisburg Area 24-Hour PM 2.5 Design Values ............................................................ 5 Ta ble I-5: Harrisburg Area Monthly Mean Temperature (°F) ....................................................... 8 Ta ble I-6: Harrisburg Area Precipitation (inches) ......................................................................... 9 Table I-7: EPA’s Transport Rule Modeling Results for the PM 2.5 Standard for Harrisburg Area Sites .......................................................................................................................... 14 Ta ble III -1: 2002 Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) ...................................... 21 Table III -2: 2007 Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) ...................................... 21 Table III -3: Change in Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) from 2002 to 2007 ................................................................................................................................... 23 Table III -4: Summary of Emission Totals (Tons) in 2007, 2017 and 2025 ................................. 23

Table of Figures

Figure I-1: Pennsylvania’s 1997 PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas ....................................................... 3 F igure I-2: PM 2.5 Annual Design Value Trend .............................................................................. 6 Figure I-3: PM 2.5 24 -Hour Design Value Trend............................................................................. 6 Figure I-4. Pie Chart of 2007 Harrisburg Speciation Data ............................................................ 7 F igure I-5: Harrisburg Area Monthly Mean Temperature (°F) ..................................................... 8 F igure I-6: Harrisburg Area Annual Precipitation (inches) ......................................................... 10 F igure I-7: Harrisburg Area Population Trend ............................................................................ 11 Figure I-8: Harrisburg Area Population and Labor Force Trends ............................................... 12- 1 -

INTRODUCTION

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of microscopic solids and liquid droplets suspended in air that include: acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles and allergens (such as fragments of pollen or mold spores). Fine particle pollution or PM 2.5 describes particulate matter that is less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (μm) in diameter,

a pproximately 1/30th the diameter of a human hair. Because of their small size, fine particles can penetrate deeply into the lungs.

He alth studies have shown a significant association between exposure to fine particles and premature death from heart or lung disease. Fine particles can aggravate heart and lung diseases and have been linked to effects such as cardiovascular symptoms, cardiac arrhythmias, heart attacks, respiratory symptoms, asthma attacks, and bronchitis. These effects can result in increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, absences from school or work, and

re stricted activity days. Individuals that may be particularly sensitive to fine particle exposure include people with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children. The article, “FineParticulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United States” by C. Arden Pope, III
, et al. published January 22

, 2009 in the New England Journal of Medicine evaluated the role PM 2.5 reductions occurring in the 1980s and 1990s had on the increased life expectancy observed over that period. The study found that a reduction of 10 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ) of PM 2.5 was associated with an average increase in life expectancy of 7.3 month s.

PM 2 .5 has significant environmental impacts, including acid rain and stream eutrophication. PM 2.5 also affects visibility (regional haze) through the scattering and absorption of light. Fine
pa rticles, similar in size to the wavelength of light, are most efficient, per unit of mass, at reducing visibility. Soiling and materials damage can also be caused by PM 2 .5 in the air.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued PM 2.5 national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) in 1997 after evaluating hundreds of health studies and conducting an extensive peer review process. The EPA established an annual primary (health-based) and

se condary (welfare-based) standard of 15.0 μg/m 3

, based on the 3-year average of annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations. The EPA also established a primary and secondary 24-hour standard of 65 μg/m 3 determined by the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations.

On December 17

, 2004
, the EPA issued air quality designations for the PM 2.5 standard based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003. The final designations were published in the Federal Register on January 5
, 2005 (70 FR 944). The designations became effective on April 5

, 2005. On April 5

, 2005
, the EPA issued a supplemental notice changing the designation of certain areas from nonattainment to attainment based on newly available air quality data (70 FR 19844; April 14
, 2005). The April 5

, 2005, supplemental notice only affected Mercer County in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The Harrisburg Area was one of eight areas in Pennsylvania, comprising all or parts of 21 Pennsylvania counties, designated by the EPA as nonattainment for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS. The Harrisburg Area, consisting of Dauphin, Lebanon and Cumberland counties in Pennsylvania,

wa s designated by EPA as nonattainment because it violated the 1997 annual standard of- 2 -

15.0 μg/m 3 based on 2001 -03 monitoring data. The Harrisburg Area did not violate the 1997 24 -hour standard of 65 μg/m 3

. The subsequent analyses described in this Request for Redesignation clearly demonstrate that the ambient air quality in the Harrisburg Area now meets the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS and that the emission reductions responsible for the air quality improvement are both permanent and

e nforceable. These analyse s and the maintenance plan submitted concurrently demonstrate that the Harrisburg Area has completed all criteria set forth in Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Ac t (CAA) and should be officially redesignated as attainment.

Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the CAA states that an area may be redesignated to attainment if the following conditions are met:

● The NAAQS has been attained (discussed in Section I);

● The applicable implementation plan has been fully approved under Section 110(k) of the CAA and the state has met all applicable requirements for the area under Section 110 and P art D (discussed in Section II );

● The improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions ( discussed in Section I and Section III ); and

● A Maintenance Plan with contingency measures has been fully approved under Section 175A (discussed in Section IV ).

This Request for Redesignation describes how the Harrisburg Area satisfies each of the C AA ’ s Section 107(d)(3)(E) criteria for redesignation to attainment.

R equirements for a public comment process are set forth in Section 110(a)(2) of the CAA, 40 CFR Section 51.102(d) and Section 7.5 of the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Control Act. 35 P.S. Section 4007.5 (b). On January 25
, 2014
, the Department provided notice of a public comment period and the opportunity for a hearing on the Maintenance Plan, 2007 comprehensive inventory required by Section 172(c)(3) of the CAA, and this Request for Redesignation. The public comment period closed February 28

, 2014 . The Department scheduled the public hearing to occur on February 26, 2014, but no persons expressed interest in presenting testimony or attending. Therefore, the Department cancelled the hearing. The Department received comments from one commentator, which have been addressed in a Comment and Response document.- 3 -

I. DEMONSTRATION OF ATTAINMENT AND AIR QUALITY TREND S ANALYSIS

On December 17
, 2004, the EPA issued air quality designations for the 1997 PM 2.5 standard based on air quality monitoring data from 2001-2003. The final designations were published in the Federal Register on January 5, 2005 (70 FR 944). The designations became effective on April 5

, 2005. On April 5

, 2005
, the EPA issued a supplemental notice changing the designation of certain areas from nonattainment to attainment based on newly available air quality data (70 FR 19844; April 14, 2005). The April 5
, 2005 supplemental notice only affected Mercer County in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Commonwealth or Pennsylvania ).

The Harrisburg Area was one of eight areas in Pennsylvania, comprising all or parts of 21 Pennsylvania counties, designated by the EPA as nonattainment for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS. The Harrisburg Area, consisting of Dauphin, Lebanon and Cumberland counties in Pennsylvania, was designated as nonattainment because it violated the 1997

a nnual standard of 15.0 μg/m 3 based on 2001 -03 monitoring data. The Harrisburg Area did not violate the 1997 24-hour standard of 65 μg/m 3

. Figure I-1 : Pennsylvania’ s 1997 PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas

Air quality in the Harrisburg Area has improved since the EPA’s original designations. The Harrisburg Area’s annual PM 2.5 design value has decreased over the 2001 to 2012 ti me frame. The Harrisburg Area’s design value for 2003 (based on data from 2001 through 2003 ) was 15.7 μg/m 3 . The Harrisburg Area’s 2012 design value (based on data- 4 -

from 2010 through 2012) was 11. 9 μg/m 3 . Following EPA criteria, a PM 2.5 design value below 15.0 μg/m 3 is considered to be attainment. Concentrations are expected to remain lower than 15 μg/m 3 over the next decade.

On August 25
, 2008 ), the EPA determined that the Harrisburg Area had attained the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS (“Clean Data Determination”) (73 FR 49949). EPA’ s Clean Data Determination was based on quality-assured, quality-controlled and certified ambient air monitoring data that show the area had monitored attainment since the 2004 through 200 6 monitoring period. This final action suspended the requirements for this area to submit attainment demonstrations and associated reasonably available control measures,

re asonable further progress plans, contingency measures and other planning State Implementation Plan (SIP) revisions related to the attainment of the NAAQS for so long

a s the area continues to attain the NAAQS.

The determination of attainment did not “redesignate” the area as “attainment.” The Ha rrisburg Area remains nonattainment for the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS until the Commonwealth submits, and EPA approves, a Request for Redesignation and a Maintenance Plan showing the area can maintain the standard for at least 10 year s.

A. Design Value Determination

The ambient air quality analysis is based on PM 2 .5 data measured at the Harrisburg Area monitoring sites. The ambient air quality data analysis for PM 2 .5 was completed using the appropriate regulations and guidance documents. Monitoring procedures were determined in accordance with 40 CFR Part 58

. The PM 2.5 design values were calculated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 50, Appe ndix N, “Interpretation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter.”

B. Air Quality Trends Analysis

This section provides a brief summary of PM 2.5 monitoring concentrations in the Harrisburg Area.

Trends in PM 2.5 design values were analyzed from 2001 through 2012. Table I-1 displays annual PM 2.5 concentrations monitored in the Harrisburg Area. Table I-2 contains the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations for each year.

Table I-1 : Harrisburg Area Annual PM 2 .5 Concentrations- 5 - Table I-2 : Harrisburg Area 24 -Hour PM 2.5 Concentrations

Tables I-3 and I-4 contain the Harrisburg Area’s annual and 24-hour PM 2.5 design values calculated from the 2001 through 2012 monitoring data. Design values for the annual PM 2.5 NAAQS show a steady declining trend. The Harrisburg Area was designated as nonattainment based on the 2001 through 2003 annual design value of 15. 7 μg/m 3 . The 24 -hour design value for that time period was 44 μg/m 3

. Compared with the 2001 through 2003 design values, the annual design value for 2010 through 2012 has decreased by 24% and the 24-hour design value by 30%. The annual and 24-hour PM 2.5 design values for the Harrisburg Area are shown below in Tables I-3 and I-4, respectively.

Table I-3: Harrisburg Area Annual PM 2.5 Design Values

*Design value is not valid due to less than three years of data collected at site.

Table I-4 : Harrisburg Area 24 -Hour PM 2.5 Design Values

*Design value is not valid due to less than three years of data collected at site.- 6 -

The 2001 through 2012 trend lines for annual and 24-hour PM 2.5 design values are shown in Figures I-2 and I-3

. As shown in Figures I-2 and I-3
, the slope of the trend lines for the annual and 24-hour PM 2.5 design values are both negative, indicating decreasing concentrations.

Figure I-2 : PM 2.5 Annual Design Value Trend

Figure I-3 : PM 2.5 24 -Hour Design Value Trend

y =

- 0.3902x + 16.786

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) 

## PM2.5 Annual Design Value Trend

Annual PM2.5 Design Value

Level of 1997 Annual Standard

y =

- 1.3462x + 46.667

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) 

## PM 2.5 

## 24

- Hour Design Value Trend

24-Hour PM2.5 Design Value

Level of 1997
24-Hour Standard- 7 -

C. Climate Trends Analysis

PM 2.5 formation in the eastern United States is a complex process involving local and regional meteorology, topography, chemistry and transport. Sulfates and nitrates are formed primarily through atmospheric reactions of precursor emissions of sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen ( NO X ) and ammonia ( NH 3 ). Organic carbon is a combination of secondary organic particles formed from emissions of volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) and the organic portion of primary PM 2.5 that is directly emitted or condenses near its source. Currently, our unde rstanding of sulfate and nitrate chemistry and its impacts on PM 2.5 concentrations far exceeds our understanding of contributions from anthropogenic VOCs. This is important because sulfates, nitrates, ammonium and organic carbon are major contributors to the total PM 2.5 , making up approximately 80% of the a nnual PM 2.5 concentration observed in the Harrisburg Area in 2007.

Figure I-4. Pie Chart of 2007 Harrisburg Speciation Data

Attainment of the PM 2.5 NAAQS involves the range of meteorological conditions throughout the year. PM 2.5 chemistry favors sulfate formation during the warm summer months and nitrate formation during the colder winter months. In addition, local temperature inversions more common in the winter can concentrate emissions near the surface, leading to periods of elevated PM 2.5 concentrations. Harrisburg Percentage of Total Mass Year 2007

Nitrate

15%

Sulfate

27%

Ammonium 14% Organic carbon 24% Elemental carbon 6% Crustal component 3% Other

11%- 8 - To assess whether it is likely that unusual meteorological patterns have contributed to the lower PM 2.5 concentrations observed in the Harrisburg Area, tempe rature and precipitation trends over the last 10 years were examined.

The data used in the trends analysis is from the 2011 Local Climatological Data Report for Harrisburg, published by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center.

1. Temperature Trends

Table I-5 presents monthly mean temperature data for the Harrisburg Area for 2001 through 2011. Figure I-5 graphically displays the data.

Table I-5 : Harrisburg Area Monthly Mean Temperature (° F)

F igure I-5 : Harrisburg Area Monthly Mean Temperature (° F)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.01/1/20011/1/20021/1/20031/1/20041/1/20051/1/20061/1/20071/1/20081/1/20091/1/20101/1/2011 

# Monthly Mean Temperature (F)

Monthly Mean Temperature (F)- 9 - The Harrisburg Area was designated nonattainment for the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS based on 2001 through 2003 data. The 2001 through 2003 ti meframe shows typical year- to -year variation in temperature with no unusual conditions that would be expected to cause higher PM 2.5 concentrations as was experienced during that timeframe. The Harrisburg Area’ s Clean Data Determination was based on 2004 through 2006 data, and the Harrisburg Area has monitored attainment since that time. Ex amination of the temperature data from 2004 through 2011 shows normal variation in seasonal temperatures but no evidence of unusual patterns that would be expected to repress PM 2 .5 formation.

2. Precipitation Trends

Table I-6 presents monthly and annual precipitation data for the Harrisburg Area for 2001 through 2011. Figure I-6 graphically displays the annual precipitation data.

T able I-6 : Harrisburg Area Precipitation (inches)- 10 - Figure I-6 : Harrisburg Area Annual Precipitation (inches)

Ex amination of the 2001 through 2003 precipitation data indicates both drier and wetter than usual years within the timeframe. Examination of the pr ecipitation data from 2004 through 2011 also shows variation in precipitation amounts. Throughout the 2004 through 2011 timeframe, the Ha rrisburg Area monitored attainment of the standard. There is no indication from the data that unusual precipitation patterns contributed to the lower PM 2.5 concentrations in recent years in which the Harrisburg Area monitored attainment of the PM 2.5 NAAQS

.

D. Additional Trends

1. Population Trends

The Harrisburg Area, which consists of Dauphin, Lebanon and Cumberland counties, has had significant population growth over the last decade. The combined population of Dauphin, Lebanon and Cumberland counties, increased approximately 8.7% between the 2000 and 2010 C ensuses. According to the Bureau of the Census, the combined population of Dauphin, Lebanon and Cumberland counties was 586, 258 in 2000 and 637, 074 in 2010. Dauphin County’s 2010 population was 26 8
, 100 people. Lebanon County’s 2010 population was 133, 568 people. C umberland County’s 2010 population was 235,406 people. Dauphin, L ebanon and Cumberland counties respectively ranked the 15 th

, 2 7 th and 1 6 th largest in population in Pennsylvania.

Population increases correspond with increased emissions from some
t ypes of emission sources and, therefore, can result in increased pollution levels. While the Harrisburg Area’ s population has grown approximately 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011



## Annual Precipitation

Annual Precipitation- 11 - 8.7 % over the last decade, this growth has not resulted in increased PM 2 .5 concentrations. In fact, the area’ s PM 2.5 concentrations have declined in spite of the increase in population.

F igure I-7 : Harrisburg Area Population Trend

2. Economic Trends

Economic trends could have impacts on emissions and consequently affect PM 2 .5 concentrations in the Harrisburg Area. The two factors considered here include estimated labor force changes in the Harrisburg Area and overall economic activity in Pennsylvania as measured by the Coincident I ndex. The labor force data was obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mid-Atlantic Information Office. The Coincident Index data was obtained from the Philadelphia Reserve Bank.

Figure I-8 shows the Harrisburg Area’ s population change and estimated labor force change since 1980. A larger labor force could lead to more driving and increased infrastructure demands. This in turn could lead to higher emissions. Increases in the county’s labor force also contribute to overall increases in economic activity (greater family income/spending). The Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank has tracked economic activity in Pennsylvania over the last 25 years. Pennsylvania’s Economic Activity Index is graphically depicted in Figure I-9. In spite of these upward trends, air quality continues to improve in the Harrisburg Area. 560,000 570,000 580,000 590,000 600,000 610,000 620,000 630,000 640,000 650,000 

## Harrisburg Area Population Trend

Population- 12 - Figure I-8 : Harrisburg Area Population and Labor Force Trends

Data Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mid-Atlantic Information Office. The database containing “State and local industry employment and earnings - monthly” data was accessed from the following site: http://www.bls.gov/ro3/data.htm

Figure I-9 : Pennsylvania and National Coincident Indexes from the Philadelphia Federal Re serve Bank

Data downloaded on 5/24/2012 from: The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia at: http://www.philadelphiafed.org/research-and-data/regional-economy/indexes/coincident/

The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia produces a monthly coincident index for each of the 50 states. The coincident indexes combine four
state -level indicators to summarize current economic conditions in a single statistic. The four state-level variables in each coincident index are 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

1990 2000 2010 

## Harrisburg Area Population and Labor

Force Trends

Nonfarm Employment
Population

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00Jan-79Feb-81Mar-83Apr-85May-87Jun-89Jul-91Aug-93Sep-95Oct-97Nov-99Dec-01Jan-04Feb-06Mar-08Apr-10Coincident Index 

## Pennsylvania and National Coincident

Indexes

PA

US- 13 - nonfarm payroll employment, average hours worked in manufacturing, the unemployment rate, and wage and salary disbursements deflated by the consumer price index (U.S. city average). The trend for each state’s index is set to the trend of its gross domestic product (GDP), so long-term growth in the state’s index matches long-term growth in its GDP.

E. Modeling Analyses

Modeling results for the EPA’ s Cross -State Air Pollution Rule ( 76 FR 48207 ; August 8
, 2011) 1 ( Transport Rule ) were examined to determine if the model results support redesignating the Harrisburg Area to attainment. EPA ’ s analysis indicates that the Harrisburg Area would attain the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS
, even in the absence of either the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR ) or the Transport Rule.

EPA used the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extension (CAMx) Version 5.3. CAMx is a three-dimensional Eulerian grid-based photochemical model designed to simulate the formation, chemical transformation, transport, and removal of ozone, secondary and directly emitted PM 2.5 , and their precursor species on national, regional, and local scales for short-term episodes up to annual time periods. Using this model, EPA simulated the emissions from many different sources of pollution (such as electric generating units (EGU), and mobile

sourc es). All of the Transport Rule CAMx simulations used meteorology for 2005 derived from simulations of the Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) Version 3.7.4. The 2005 emissions of SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, NH 3 and direct PM 2.5 were modeled. The modeling was based on the annual PM 2.5 design values for the 2003 through 2007 base period.

EPA outlined the model results in the Air Quality Modeling Final Rule Technical S upport Document for the Transport Rule. Air quality modeling was performed to si mulate ozone and PM 2.5 concentrations for the 2005 base year, a 2012 “no C AIR” base case, a 2014 “no CAIR” base case, and the 2014 remedy scenario. Table I-7 displays the results of EPA’s analysis for the Harrisburg Area. EPA ’ s analysis indicates that the Harrisburg Area would attain the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS, even in the absence of either CAIR or the Transport Rule. The results support redesignating the Harrisbu rg Area to attainment for the PM 2.5 NAAQS.

1 “Federal Implementation Plans: Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone and Correction of SIP Approvals .”- 14 -

Table I-7 : EPA’s Transport Rule Modeling Results for the PM 2 .5 Standard for Harr isburg Area Sites

Source: Air Quality Modeling Final Rule Technical Support Document for the Transport Rule ( http://www.epa.gov/airtransport/pdfs/AQModeling.pdf )- 15 -

II. SIP APPROVALS AND APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS

In order for EPA to redesignat e a nonattainment area to attainment, the applicable SIP revision must be fully approved under Section 110(k) of the CAA. In addition, the state must have met all requirements applicable to the area under CAA Section 110 and P art D— Plan Requirements for Nonattainment Areas. The specific requirements applicable to the Harrisburg Area can be found in Sections 110(a)(2), and Part D S ections 172(c) (relating to nonattainment plan provisions), 173 (relating to permit requirements) and, 176 (relating to limitations on certain federal assistance)

. A court has also recently held that EPA must implement the PM 2.5 NAAQS pursuant to Subpart 4 of P art D

– see Section III below for more information.

These requirements have been fulfilled for the Harrisburg Area.

A. Section 110(a)(2) of the CAA

S ection 110(a) of the CAA contains the general requirements for a SIP. Pennsylvania concludes that, as EPA has stated in previous rulemaking in another
state [1], only the Section 110 and Part D requirements that are linked with a particular area’s designation are the relevant measures to consider in evaluating a

re designation request. Further, Pennsylvania believes that the other Section 110

e lements that are not connected with nonattainment plan submissions and not linked with an area’s attainment status are also not applicable requirements for purposes of redesignation. A state remains subject to these requirements after an

a rea is redesignated to attainment.

The requirements of CAA Section 110(a)(2) that are statewide requirements and that are not linked to the PM 2.5 nonattainment status of the Harrisburg Area are not applica

ble requirements for purposes of review of the Commonwealth’s PM 2 .5 redesignation request. However, EPA requires that the Commonwea lth ’ s Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements be approved prior to

re designation, because PSD requirements will apply after redesignation. S ections 110(a)(2)(C) and 110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA require state plans to meet the

re quirements of CAA, Subchapter I, Part C, which contains PSD requirements. In

a ddition, Section 110(a)(2)(I) requires that a plan revision for an area designated

a s a nonattainment area meet the applicable requirements of CAA, Subchapter I, P art D (relating to nonattainment areas). Therefore, Pennsylvania has concluded that only the parts of Sections 110(a)(2)(C), 110(a)(2)(I) and 110(a)(2)(J) that relate to Part

D applicable requirements or PSD are applicable for purposes of redesignation.

[1] See EPA’s proposed approval of Ohio’s redesignation request for the Ohio portion of the Huntington-Ashland nonattainment area for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS (76 FR 79593). On December 31, 2012, EPA published final approval of Ohio’s redesignation request for the Ohio portion of the Huntington-Ashland nonattainment area for the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS (77 FR 76883).- 16 - EPA has previously approved provisions of Pennsylvania’s SIP addressing S ection 110 requirements, including provisions addressing PM 2.5
. Pennsylvania’ s SIP measures meeting Section 110(a)(2)(C) and 110(a)(2)(J) requirements are full y approved under Section 110(k) of the CAA. The Maintenance Plan

a ssociated with this Request for Redesignation for the Harrisburg Area is a SIP revision for an area designated as a nonattainment area and meets the applicable requirements of Part D of Subchapter I of the CAA; therefore, the Maintenance Plan associated with this Request for Redesignation meets the requirements of Section 110(a)(2)(I). Please see the discussion below concerning Part D (plan

re quirements for nonattainment areas).

B. Part D - Plan Requirements for Nonattainment Areas

1

. Section 172(c) of the CAA

Section 172 of the CAA contains the general provisions required to be included in SIP revisions for nonattainment areas. These include attainment demonstrations, reasonably available control measures,

re asonable further progress, inventory data, and permitting requirements.

As stated above, on August 25
, 2008, the EPA determined that the Harrisburg Area had attained the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS (“Clean Data Determination”) (73 FR 49949). EPA’s Clean Data Determination was based on quality-assured, quality-controlled and certified ambient air moni toring data that show the area had monitored attainment since the 2004 through 2006 monitoring period. The Clean Data Determination suspended the requirements for this area to submit an attainment demonstration, associated reasonably available control measures, a reasonable further progress plan, contingency measures, and other planning SIP revisions related to attainment of the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS for so long as the area continues to meet the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS.

Submittal of a comprehensive inventory is required by 40 CFR Section 51.1008 to meet the requirements of Section 172(c)(3) of the C AA. This requirement was not suspended by the Clean Data Determination. In fulfillment of this requirement, the 2007 inventory, whic h also serves as the attainment year inventory, is being submitted as
pa rt of the Maintenance Plan, submitted concurrently with this Request for Redesignation.

2

. Section 173 of the CAA

Section 173 of the CAA outlines requirements related to permitting of air poll ution sources in nonattainment areas.- 17 - Stationary air pollution sources are subject to the regulations of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Code in Title 25 Environme ntal Resources (25 Pa. Code Chapters 121 -145). These regulations include:

● Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources promulgated by EPA under the Clean Air Act (25 Pa

. Code Chapter 122);

● Standards for Contaminants (25 Pa. Code Chapter 123);

● National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (25 Pa. Code Chapter 124);

● Construction, Modification, Reactivation and Operation of Sources, including plan approval, prevention of significant deterioration, new source r eview, operating permit program (25 Pa. Code Chapter 127);

● Standards for Sources (25 Pa. Code Chapter 129); and

● Annual Emission Statements and required reporting to the Department, (25 Pa. Code Chapter 135).

The se permitting, stationary source monitoring and reporting,
pr econstruction review, offset ratios and enforceable emission limitations requirements were adopted to implement the federally mandated requirements in Sections 110

, 172 , 173 and 182(a) of the CAA. EPA has
app roved all of these regulations as SIP revisions, as indicated in Section III of this document.

3

. Section 176 of the CAA

Section 176 (c) of the CAA contains the provision prohibiting federal financing of projects or activities that do not conform to an approved implementation plan.

The Commonwealth adopted and incorporated EPA’ s General Conformity rule (40 CFR Part 93
, Subpart B) by reference in its entirety in 25 Pa. C ode Section 127.802 . The General Conformity regulation describes procedures to determine if federally-financed, non-transportation projects are in conformity with air quality plans.

EPA and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) have issued

re gulations regarding criteria and procedures for demonstrating and assuring conformity of transportation improvement programs (TIP or- 18 - program), long range plans (LRP or plan), and individual transportation
pr ojects with the requirements of the CAA and the SIP for the specific nonattainment area. Affected transportation planning organizations are complying with all federal laws, regulations and guidance for transportation conformity.

4

. Section 189(e) of the CAA

In light of a recent court decision, N atural Resources Defense Council v. EPA , No. 08-1250, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013) (see discussion in Section II I), the Department considered Section 189(e) of the CAA. According to Section 189(e) and the court decision, control requirements in nonattainment areas applicable for major stationary sources of PM also apply to major stationary sources of PM precursors. Pennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration. Please see Section III

- C-1 relating to control measures for stationary sources for a discussion of the stationary source control measures in place in the Harrisburg Area.

C. Conclusion

The requirements of Section 110(a) and Subpart D of the CAA have been fulfilled in the Harrisburg Area.- 19 -

I II . DEMONSTRATION OF PERMANENT AND ENFORCEABLE IMPROVEMENT

This section provides an assessment of the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 precursor emissions at the time the Harrisburg Area was originally designated as nonattainment for PM 2.5 and at the time when this area attained the PM 2.5 NAAQS. A 2002 (baseline) inventory of PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 precursor emissions is used to represent emissions during the PM 2.5 nonattainment designation period. A 2007 inventory is used to identify PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 precursor emissions during the period when the Harrisburg Area demonstrated that it

a ttained the PM 2.5 NAAQS. Detailed information is presented in the Maintenance Plan by sector.

Because of the complexity and variability of the process of particulate matter formation, the E PA recognizes that effective control measures for PM 2.5 will vary among nonattainment areas. In the EPA’s Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule (72 FR 20586 ; April 25, 2007) (the Implementation Rule), the EPA established general presumptive policies for assessing which PM 2.5 precursors should be evaluated for possible controls. The EPA required states to evaluate control measures for SO 2 and primary PM 2.5 in all locations. The EPA required states to evaluate control measures for NO X unless a technical demonstration is made to show NO X does not significantly contribute to PM 2.5 . The EPA required states to evaluate measures for VOC and NH 3 only if a technical demonstration is made to show they significantly contribute to PM 2.5 in that area.

The Department recognizes the January 4, 2013
, decision of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA

, No. 08 -1250
, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013). In its decision, the Court granted petitions for review that challenged EPA’s implementation rule for the 1997 PM 2.5 standard. After considering the petitions

a nd EPA’s response to them, the court remanded the case to EPA to re-promulgate the rule pursuant to Subpart 4 of Part D of the Clean Air Act, rather than implementing it under Subpart 1
, as EPA had done (706 F.3d at 437). Because the Court remanded rather than vacated the implementation rule, the implementation rule remains in effect unless

a nd until EPA rescinds it or promulgates a replacement. In any event, the Maintenance Plan accompanying this Request for Redesignation demonstrates maintenance of the standard consistent with the Court’s ruling.

In general, the Court’ s decision could affect an area’ s nonattainment classification,

c ertain deadlines, and the impacts of failing to attain timely, and could impose a deadline for implementation of reasonably available and best available control measures (706 F.3d
at 436
, n. 6 ). Since the Harrisburg Area is already attaining the NAAQS, however, those considerations are not relevant for this Request for Redesignation and the Maintenance Plan. The court noted that PM 2.5 precursors, including ammonia and VOCs, are presumptively regulated in PM 2.5 nonattainment areas under Subpart 4
, pointing specifically to Section 189(e), which applies to control of major stationary sources of PM 10 [the court stated that PM 10 includes PM 2.5 throughout Subpart 4] (706 F.3d at 436

, n. 7
, and at 437
, n. 10). According to Section 189(e) of the CAA, control requirements applicable for major stationary sources of PM 10 also apply to major stationary sources of- 20 -

PM 10 precursors, except where the Administrator determines that major stationary sources do not contribute significantly to PM 10 levels that exceed the standard in the area; Section 189(e) also requires EPA to issue guidelines regarding the application of Subsection (e). Pennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration.

This Request for Redesignation provides emissions information for all pollutants ( PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 ), as required by EPA’s guidance entitled, “Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations. ” 2 The section first describes the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 precursor emission estimates for the Harrisburg Area. The se inventories have been developed in accordance with EPA emission inventory preparation guidance. The section then presents information about the permanent and enforceable control measures that have been implemented in the Harrisburg Area to
pr oduce the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5 precursor emission reductions that have occurred between these years and that will provide emission reductions ensuring maintenance of the standard.

A. Baseline (2002) Emissions Inventory

An emissions inventory for the baseline year, 2002, was developed for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 in accordance with EPA guidance. Th e baseline
year inventory represents the emissions present when the Harrisburg Area did not

mee t the PM 2.5 standard. The inventory contains information for these sectors:

● “Stationary sources” (or “point” sources), which are sources for which the Department collects individual emissions-related information. Generally, the y represent major stationary sources but may be smaller.

● “Area sources,” which are industrial, commercial, and residential sources too small or too numerous to be handled individually. These include but

a re not limited to commercial and residential open burning, architectural

a nd industrial maintenance coatings application and clean-up, consumer product use, and vehicle refueling at service stations. Where there is overlap between stationary point sources and stationary area sources, the area source values are adjusted to remove any double counting.

● “Highway vehicles,” which include passenger cars and light-duty trucks, other trucks, buses and motorcycles.

● “Nonroad sources ,” which encompass a diverse collection of engines, including but not limited to outdoor power equipment, recreational vehicles, farm and construction machinery, lawn and garden equipment, indus trial equipment, recreational marine vessels, commercial marine

ve ssels, locomotives, ships, and aircraft.

2 Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations – EPA-454/R- 05 -001, August, 2005, updated November, 2005.- 21 - Pennsylvania and other Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states participated in a regional effort to refine the emissions inventory and to compile a regional emissions inventory. The Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association (MARAMA) coordinated that regional effort, which allowed states to pool their resources to compile a regional emissions inventory for the purpose of conducting the regional modeling analysis used in Pennsylvania’s air quality management planning efforts to attain the 8-hour ozone NAAQS and the PM 2.5 NAAQS
, and to prepare the Regional Haze SIP revision.

Table III -1: 2002 Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year)

A summary of the 2002 inventory is shown in Table III

- 1. The 2002 inventory is not directly comparable to the 2007, 2017 and 2025 inventories because of changes in inventory methodology and the adjustment made to account for condensable PM emissions from EGUs in the 2007, 2017 and 2025 emission inventories. The Technical Appendices to the Maintenance Plan contain more detailed information about the 2002 emissions for each sector.

B. Attainment Year (2007) Emissions Inventory

A 2007 inventory of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 emissions for the Harrisburg Area is used to identify emissions during the period when attainment of the PM 2.5 NAAQS was demonstrated for the Harrisburg Area. A summary of the 2007 inve ntory is provided in Table III -2.

Table III -2: 2007 Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year)

PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC
, and NH 3 emissions decreased by 17%, 10%, 22%, 17%

a nd 7%, respectively, from 2002 to 2007. The permanent and enforceable

re ductions of direct PM 2.5 , SO 2, NOx and VOC emissions between 2002 and- 22 - 2007
, as described in more detail in Section III
, led to the improvement in air quality observed in that time period.

The emissions inventory shows an apparent increase in PM 2 .5 emissions from stationary sources from 2002 to 2007

, in part because the 2002 inventory was based on emissions reported to the Department by facilities and did not include condensable PM for many facilities. The 2007 EGU inventory was augmented utilizing the updated condensable emission factors for EGUs developed for MARAMA in 2008 to calculate condensable PM emissions where that data was missing.

The Maintenance Plan describes how the 2007 inventory was compiled. The Te chnical Appendices to the Maintenance Plan contain more detailed information for each sector.

C. Control Measures

Along with the analysis of ambient air quality and contributing factors in Section I of th is Request for Redesignation, this section describes the permanent and enforceable federal and state measures that provided PM 2 .5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emission reductions from 2002 to 2007 to bring the Harrisburg Area into

a ttainment and measures that will assure maintenance of the standard. In the EPA’ s PM 2.5 Implementation Rule, the EPA established general presumptive policies for assessing which PM 2.5 precursors should be evaluated for possible controls. However, the Department recognizes the January 4

, 2013
, decision of the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, in N atural Resources Defense Council v. EPA
, No. 08-1250, 706 F.3d 428 (DC Cir. 2013). The court noted that PM 2.5 precursors are presumptively regulated in PM 2.5 nonattainment areas under Subpart 4
, pointing specifically to Section 189(e), which applies to control of major stationary sources of PM 10 [the court stated that PM 10 includes PM 2.5 throughout Subpart 4] (706 F.3d at 436
, n. 7
, and at 437
, n. 10 ). According to CAA Section 189(e), control requirements applicable for major stationary sources of PM 10 also apply to major stationary sources of PM 10 precursors, except where the Administrator determines that major stationary sources do not contribute significantly to PM 10 levels that exceed the standard in the area; Section 189(e)

a lso requires EPA to issue guidelines regarding the application of Subsection (e). Pennsylvania assessed emissions of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 for the maintenance demonstration.

PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X , VOC and NH 3 emissions in the Harrisburg Area decreased by 17 %, 10%, 2 2%, 17% and 7 %, respectively, from 2002 to 2007. The permanent and enforceable reductions of direct PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NOx and VOC emissions, as described in more detail in Section III -C, led to the improvement in air quality observed in that time period. As noted above, the decrease in PM 2.5 emissions is a conservative estimate because the 2007 inventory was augmented to account for- 23 - condensable PM. A summary of the quantity of emission reductions from 2002 to 2007 is included in Table III -3 . (Negative values indicate emission reductions.)

Table III -3: Change in Harrisburg Area Annual Emissions (Tons per Year) from 2002 t o 2007

This section also describes the federal and state measures that will provide direct PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emission reductions, ensuring maintenance of the standard.

A summary of the total emissions in 2007 and projected estimates for 2017 and 2025 is included in Table III -4

. The emission estimates account for any anticipated growth in the activity of sources and include a transportation conformity safety margin for PM 2 .5 and NO X . For all pollutants, except NH 3 , emissions in 2017 and 2025 in the Harrisburg Area are anticipated to be lower than they were in 2007. This means that the projected growth in emissions is smaller than anticipated emission reductions from control measures for all pollutants, except NH 3 , in the nonattainment area. The projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not present a concern for maintaining the NAAQS because emissions of all other pollutants are projected to decline, and the Harrisburg Area currently has a design value based on 2010 – 2012 monitoring data of 11.9 μg/m 3

, which is significantly lower than the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS of 15 μg/m 3 . Each measure is explained in greater detail in the following sections.

Table III -4: Summary of Emission Totals (Tons) in 2007, 2017 and 2025

*A portion of the difference between attainment year and maintenance year emissions of PM 2.5 and NO X has been set aside as a transportation conformity safety margin to accommodate unanticipated growth in highway vehicles. The emissions in Table III -4 reflect inclusion of that safety margin.- 24 - 1. Stationary Point Sources

Background for Pennsylvania’s Stationary Source Permitting Programs. An owner or operator of all proposed new air contaminationsources in the Commonwealth are required to receive a plan approval (preconstruction permit) from the Department prior to the construction,

a ssembly, installation of new sources, modification of any existing stationary air contamination sources, or the installation of air pollution control equipment or devices. Following the construction of the new fa cility or air contamination source, the owner or operator must obtain an operating permit from the Department. The type of operating permit will de pend on the quantity of regulated pollutants emitted from the air contamination sources. DEP will issue a “State-only Operating Permit” for minor air contamination stationary sources that are below the applicability thresholds for Title V facilities. A T itle V operating permit is required for major facilities that have the potential to emit air contaminants exceeding the Title V thresholds. Th e Titl e V Permit, which is issued for a term of five years, incorporates all applicable requirements for the facility in a single federally enforceable operating permit.

The requirements contained in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127 (relating to the construction

, modification

, reactivation and operation of sources)

, and associated definitions in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 121.1
, are a suite of programs regulating air contamination sources to improve and maintain air quality

. Chapter 127 establishes requirements for the submission

, review and approval of pre

- construction and operating permits for both major and

non

- major air contamination sources

. The provisions of Chapter 127 have been codified in the SIP at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1) at various times since May 31
, 1972 and most recently on October 5
, 2012
, and are therefore all federally enforceable

. Several aspects of Chapter 127 are highlighted below.

Title V Permitting Program. The Title V Permitting Program, adopted pursuant to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, is applicable to major stationary sources as defined in 25 Pa Code Section 121.1

. The purpose of the Title V program is to detail a facility’s air quality requirements in a sing le permit document so that industry, the regulatory agency, and the publi c know exactly what regulations and requirements apply and how the facility’s owner or operator will monitor and demonstrate compliance with all applicable requirements. The Title V permit includes all sources at a sit e including all air pollution control devices as well as activities that were determined to be insignificant sources of emissions. Each source is described in detail within a section of the Title V permit. The

re quirements include general conditions applicable to all Title V facilities,

e mission restrictions, detailed monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting- 25 - requirements to assure compliance with the facility’s applicable federal and state requirements.

Nonattainment New Source Review and Prevention of Significant De terioration. Major facilities proposed in Pennsylvania will also be subject to New Source Review (NSR) requirements in nonattainment areas and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements in areas of the Com monwealth designated attainment for National Ambient Air Quality Standards including carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM), lea d

, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). Generally, NSR permit requirements are applicable to a facility located in a

nona ttainment area for a particular pollutant with a potential to emit 50 tons or more per year (tpy) of volatile organic compounds or 100 tpy or more of NOx, SO 2 , PM or carbon monoxide. It should be noted that the entire Commonwealth, included in the Ozone Transport Region by operation of law, is treated as a “moderate” ozone nonattainment area, irr espective of the area’s attainment status. Because NOx and VOC are precursors of PM 2.5 , NOx and VOC emission reductions required statewide under the nonattainment NSR program for ozone also allow Pennsylvania to make substantial progress in attaining and maintaining the PM 2.5 NAAQS. Any major stationary source or major modification subject to the NSR requirements must receive a plan approval. To receive approval from the Department, a person must show that the proposed source will, among other things, offset its potential to emit air contaminants including NOx, PM and VOCs by securing emission reductions credits at the specified offset ratio, will employ the “lowest achievable emission rate” (LAER) for each regulated pollutant and

c onduct an alternative analysis. The nonattainment NSR requirements are

c odified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 127, Subchapter E and approved as a SIP revision on December 9

, 1997 (62 FR 64722).

The PSD program is a pre-construction review and permitting program applicable to new or modified major stationary sources subject to Title I, P arts C and D of the federal CAA. The PSD requirements are applicable
to m ajor sources in areas attaining the NAAQS. The federal PSD regulations codified in 40 CFR Part 52 are incorporated by reference in their entirety in 25 Pa. Code §127.83 (relating to adoption by reference). The Department’s PSD regulations, codified in 25 Pa

. Code Chapter 127

, Subchapter D, were approved by the EPA on August 21

, 1984 and codified at 40 CFR § 52.2058 (49 FR 33128).). PSD permit requirements may apply to a facility located in an attainment area for a standard with the potential to emit 100 tpy or 250 tpy of the six criteria pollutants including carbon monoxide

, lead

, nitrogen dioxide

, ozone, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide depending on the source category. Any major stationary source or major modification subject to the PSD requirements must conduct an analysis to establish the best available control technology- 26 - (BACT). In addition, the owner or operator of a facility needs to conduct an ambient air quality analysis, analyze the impacts to soils, vegetation and visibility and make sure that the project will not adversely impact mandatory federal Class I areas including national parks greater than 6
, 000 acres and national wilderness areas and national memorial parks greater than 5,000 acres.

B est Available Technology Program. The Department’s Best Available Te chnology (BAT) Program ensures that new stationary sources will prevent, reduce or control emissions of air contaminants to the maximum de gree possible. The Department determines BAT requirements on a

c ase- by -case basis for both major and minor stationary sources taking into account energy, environmental and costs. Pursuant to 25 Pa. Code §127.1, the emission of air pollutants from new sources in Pennsylvania must be controlled to the maximum extent

, consistent with the best available technology as determined by the Department as of the date of issuance of the plan ap proval for the new source. Under 25 Pa. Code §127.12(a)(5)

, an application for a plan approval must show that the emissions from a new source will be the minimum attainable through the use of the best available technology. Pennsylvania regulations define

“ best available technology ” in 25 Pa. Code § 121.1 as
, “ Equipment

, devices

, methods or techniques as determined by the Department which will prevent

, reduce or control emissions of air contaminants to the maximum degree possible and which are available or may be made available. ” The Department ’ s BAT regulations

, codified in 25 Pa. Code §§127.1 and 127.12(a)(5)

, were approved by EPA on July 30
, 1996
, and codified in the SIP at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1).

NOx and SO 2 Control Programs. In 1998
, EPA promulgated the NO X SIP Call as the EPA’s principal effort to reduce interstate transport of air pollution (63 FR 57356; October 27, 1998). In response to the federal NO X SIP call rule, Pennsylvania adopted the NO X Budget Trading Program regulations for EGUs and large industrial boilers, with emission reductions to commence May 1

, 2003. The regulations were approved by EPA as a revision to the Commonwealth’s SIP on August 21

, 2001 (66 FR 43795). Additionally, in response to the NO X SIP Call, Pennsylvania adopted additional NO X control regulations covering cement plants and internal combustion engines, with emission reductions to commence May 1
, 2005. These regulations were approved by EPA as a SIP revision on September 29

, 2006 (71 FR 57428).

Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). In 2005
, EPA adopted CAIR (70 FR 25162; May 12
, 2005, as amended) to address interstate transport of NO X and SO 2 . CAIR is now being implemented in Pennsylvania through the Department’s CAIR regulation, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 145

, Subchapter D, with related amendments in Chapters 121

,- 27 - 129 and 145. EPA approved Pennsylvania’s CAIR SIP revision on De cember 10

, 2009
, codified at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1) (74 FR 65446). In the CAIR SIP revision, Pennsylvania terminated the NO X Budget Trading Program and transitioned to the federal CAIR for large electric generating units (EGU).

The market-based CAIR is designed to reduce EGU emissions of NO X and SO 2 below 2002 levels throughout the eastern United States. Pennsylvania and the other CAIR states were required to adopt a regulation implementing the requirements of the CAIR or an equivalent program. The large EGUs in Pennsylvania were initially regulated under CAIR FIPs promulgated by EPA, but have been regulated under the SIP since EPA approved Pennsylvania’s CAIR SIP revision. Under the SIP revision, Pennsylvania participates in the EPA-administered cap-and-trade
pr ograms for NO X annual, NO X ozone season, and SO 2 annual emissions.

EPA’s CAIR was remanded to EPA for revisions by the United States C ourt of Appeals for the District of Columbia on December 23 , 2008 (See, N orth Carolina v. EPA

, 531 F.3d 896, modified, 550 F.3d 1176 (D.C. Cir. 2008)). Following remand, EPA replaced CAIR with the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), but in a separate legal challenge the court

va cated CSAPR. In that ruling, the court ordered EPA to continue administering CAIR pending the promulgation of a valid replacement (s ee , EME Homer City Generation L.P. v. EPA
, 696 F.3d 7 (D.C. Cir. 2012,

re hearing denied, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 1623 and 1 624 (D.C. Cir. Jan. 24, 2013)). On June 24
, 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States accepted review of the case. Following the Circuit Court’ s direction, CAIR remains in place pending the Supreme Court’s review.

NO X Budget Trading Program limits on non-EGUs. The CAIR SIP revision also established emission limits for the non-EGUs and other units that were subject to the Commonwealth’s NO X Budget Trading Program but are not subject to the CAIR NO X Ozone Season Trading Program. These units must continue monitoring NO X emissions and must meet an emissions cap. Each unit has an allowable emission rate, calculated by January 31 of each year, based on the previous ozone season’s heat input. If the combined NO X ozone season emissions from all of these units

e xceed the statewide ozone season emission cap of 3,438 tons, each unit that exceeds its individual allowable emissions limit for that ozone season must surrender to the Department one CAIR NO X ozone season allowance and one CAIR NO X annual allowance for each ton of emissions over its allowable emission limit. In addition, the Commonwealth has set aside 181 tons of NO X , including tons that will be retired each year to compensate for sources that were exempted under the “twenty-five ton

e xemption” in 25 Pa. Code § 145.4(b) 3. The balance of tons remaining in the se t aside is available to the Department annually for accounting- 28 - corrections. The Commonwealth retires any unused amount from this set aside each year.

It is unlikely that the 3,438-ton statewide NO X ozone season emission limitation will be exceeded. Pennsylvania’s non-EGU sources’ total

e missions during each of the years they were trading under the NO X Budget Trading Program never exceeded the statewide cap of 3,438 ton s.

The Department’s regulation, codified in 25 Pa. Code §145.8(d), was approved by EPA on December 10, 2009
, and codified in the SIP at 40 CFR §52.2020(c)(1).

C ement kilns and large stationary internal combustion engines. The CAIR SIP revision also included regulations updating the cement manufacturing and large stationary internal combustion engine regulations that were adopted pursuant to the NO X SIP Call. Until 2009, cement kilns and large stationary internal combustion engines that were subject to the NO X SIP Call were required to surrender NO X SIP Call allowances if they exceeded their NO X emission limits set forth in Department regulations. Because the Department discontinued the NO X Budget Trading Program beginning 2009, at which point NO X SIP Call allowances were replaced by CAIR NO X ozone season allowances, the Department modified the regulations to require surrender of CAIR NO X ozone season and CAIR NO X annual allowances for emission limit exceedances.

The Department’s regulations for large stationary internal combustion engines and cement kilns, codified in 25 Pa. Code Ch apter 145, S ubchapters B and C, respectively, were approved by EPA on December 10

, 2009
, and codified at 40 CFR § 51.2020(c)(1). An amendment to the Department’s regulation for cement kilns to reduce NO X emissions effective April 15

, 2011, codified in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 145

, Subchapter C, was approved by EPA on July 19

, 2011 and codified at 40 CFR §51.2020(c)(1).

Federal Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. Federal standards to control hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) require Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) at units located at major sources of HAPs. The EPA has promulgated a series of MACT regulations that are applicable to sources in Pennsylvania. These MACT standards are adopted and incorporated by reference in Section 6.6 of Pennsylvania’ s Air Pollution Control Act and implementing regulations in 25 Pa. Code § 127.35 (relating to maximum achievable control technology standards for hazardous air pollutants). The standards also included in federally enforceable plan approvals and operating permits issued by the Department for affected sources.- 29 - 2. Highway Vehicle Sources

Even with increases in vehicle miles travelled (VMT) that occurred between 2002 and 2007, and are anticipated to occur from 2007 through 2025 , highway vehicle emissions will continue to decrease. As more

ve hicles subject to cleaner new car standards replace older vehicles subject to less stringent new vehicle standards, the fleet as a whole emits fewer emissions, compensating for the increase in VMT. These decreases can be attributed to the programs described below.

Federal Motor Vehicle Control Programs (FMVCP) andPennsylvania Clean Vehicle Program for passenger vehicles and lightduty trucks and cleaner gasoline. Tier 1 tailpipe standards established by the CAA Amendments of 1990 include NO X and VOC limits for lightduty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and light-duty gasoline trucks (LDGTs). These standards began to be phased in 1994. Evaporative VOC emissions

we re reduced in gasoline-powered cars starting with Model Year (MY) 1998.

In 1998, under the authority of Section 177 of the CAA, the Pennsylvania Environmental Quality Board (EQB) adopted the Pennsylvania Clean Ve hicles Program (28 Pa. B. 5873 ; Dec. 5
, 1998). The Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program incorporates by reference certain California Low Emission Vehicle (CA LEV) emission standards for passenger cars and light-duty trucks. As required under Section 177 of the CAA, these provisions are identical to the low emission standards adopted by California. The regulation does not incorporate by reference the California zero emissions vehicle (ZEV) or emissions control warranty systems statement provisions.

In the same rulemaking, the EQB adopted the National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) program as a compliance alternative to the Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles Program. The NLEV program became effective in the Ozone Transport Region (OTR) in 1999. Pennsylvania’s New Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program regulations in 25 Pa. Code §§ 126.401-126.441 allowed automobile manufacturers to comply with NLEV instead of the CA LEV program through MY 2005. These regulations affected vehicles 6,000 p ounds and less.

In 1999, the EPA promulgated regulations more stringent than NLEV (Tier 2), starting with MY 2004. The NLEV program was replaced for MY 2004 and later by the more stringent Federal “Tier 2 ” vehicle emissions regulations (65 FR 6698 ; Feb. 10
, 2000), and vehicle manufacturers operating under the NLEV program became subject to the Tier 2 requirements.- 30 - Pennsylvania amended the former New Motor Vehicle Control Program in 2006. The Clean Vehicles Program continues to incorporate the California Low Emission Vehicle Program (CA LEV II) by reference. As amended, the program affects MY 2008 and newer passenger cars and light-duty trucks vehicles (36 Pa.B. 7424 ; Dec. 9
, 2006
, corrected 37 Pa. B. 209 ; Jan. 12
, 2007
, eff. Dec. 9

, 2006). EPA approved Pennsylvania’s Clean Vehicle Program as a revision to the Commonwealth’s SIP o n January 24, 2012 ( 77 FR 3386).

Heavy-Duty Diesel Control Programs. The EPA promulgated more stringent national regulations for heavy-duty engines and vehicles (over 14
, 000 pounds) starting with MY 2004. In addition, consent decrees with seven of the largest heavy-duty engine manufacturers required, among other terms, that diesel engines made by these companies comply with these 2004 standards two model years early, in MY 2002. The emission reductions from these programs are reflected in the future year emission inventor ies, as provided in the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) model.

I n 2002, the EQB adopted the Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control Program for model years starting after May 2004. The program incorporates California standards by reference and requires MY 2005 and subsequent new heavy-duty diesel highway engines to be those certified by California. California standards were more stringent than federal standards for the two model years between expiration of the consent decrees discussed above (MYs 2005 and 2006) and the implementation of more stringent federal standards affecting MY 2007 and beyond. How ever, EPA’s MOVES model already assumed that the engines would

c omply with consent decree standards, even without an enforcement mechanism. The Department has used MOVES defaults to calculate emissions from MY 2005 and 2006 highway engine s.

The EPA adopted new emission standards for heavy-duty engines and vehicles for MY 2007 and subsequent. For diesel engines, the standards

were phased in from 2007 to 2010 for NO X and VOCs. For gasoline engines, the standards were phased in during MY 2008 and 2009. Federal and California standards are virtually identical for MY 2007. For MY 2008 , California adopted requirements for idling restriction engine
pr ogramming and an optional “clean NO X idle” standard. However, there is no EPA-approved methodology to estimate emission reductions from this requirement. Therefore, the emission estimates use assumptions of the federal rule for MY 2007 through 2010.

Because the new engine standards are adversely affected by sulfur in fuel, the E PA also required most highway diesel fuel to contain no more than 15 parts per million (ppm) of sulfur, beginning in the fall of 2006. There- 31 - wa s a temporary compliance option allowing refiners to continue to produce up to 20 percent of their highway diesel fuel at 500 pp m fuel until 2010. The Department used MOVES defaults to estimate the effects of the phase-in provision.

Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance Program. In early 2004, P ennsylvania expanded its Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance(I/M) Program into the Harrisburg Area. The program applies to gasolinepowered vehicles 9,000 pounds and under, model years 1975 and newer. For vehicles 1996 and newer, the program consists of an annual on-board diagnostics test and a gas cap pressure test. For subject vehicles 1995 and older, the program consists of an annual visual inspection of pollution

c ontrol devices to ensure they are present, connected and the proper type for the vehicle and a gas cap pressure test. These regulations can be found in 67 Pa. Code Chapter 177. The Department submitted the expanded emissions program as a SIP revision on December 1, 2003. EPA approved the SIP revision on October 6

, 2005 (70 FR 58313 ).

Low sulfur gasoline. Sulfur is a natural ly occurring component of crude oil that ends up in gasoline and diesel unless removed. Sulfur in gasoline impairs the effectiveness of emission control systems and contributes to air pollution. By removing most sulfur from gasoline

, new advanced emission controls will work longer and more efficiently

, and air pollution will be reduc ed.

The 1999 federal Tier 2 regulations (65 FR 6698 ; Feb. 10
, 2000) reduce d the sulfur content of gasoline by up to 90 percent , enabling the use of new emission control technologies in cars and trucks that reduce harmful air pollution. The emission inventory analysis in the Maintenance Plan submitted concurrently with this Request for Redesignation uses the default assumptions pr ovided in MOVES2010 to account for the implementation of the federal standards for low sulfur gasoline. Requirements for use of low

- sulfur gasoline enabled use of advanced emission control systems in light

- duty vehicles beginning in model year 2004. Vehi cles meeting Tier 2 emission standards are 77 to 95 percent cleaner than earlier models.

On May 21
, 2013
, EPA proposed a rulemaking reducing sulfur content in gasoline further with a Tier 3 Low Sulfur Gasoline program and

e stablishing tailpipe and evaporative emission standards for motor vehicles including passenger cars , light

- duty trucks

, medium

- duty passenger vehicles

, and certain heavy

- duty vehicles (78 FR 29816). The
pre

- publication version of the final rule was signed by the EPA Administrator on March 3
, 2014

. These federal standards will take effect 60 days after the final rule is published in the Federal Register. The Tier 3 program requires the annual average content of sulfur in gasoline to- 32 - be reduced to 10 parts per million, starting Ja nua ry 1
, 2017. By 2018, EPA e stimates that SO 2 emissions will be reduced by 56 percent. When full y implemented, this program, by 2030, will increase the effectiveness of vehicle emission controls even further and reduce on road emissions of NO x by 25 percent, direct particulate matter by 10 percent and VOCs by 16 percent. The rule will also significantly reduce emissions of carbon

monox ide and hazardous air pollutants including acrolein, benzene, for maldehyde and acetaldehyde.

3. Nonroad Sources

Th e EPA has adopted a series of regulations affecting new diesel-powered (“compression ignition”) and gasoline-powered (“spark ignition”) nonroad engines of various sizes (horsepower) and applications. Information on these federal rules, including their implementation dates, can be found at www.epa.gov/nonroad. The Department used the assumptions built into the nonroad model (NONROAD2005) and NMIM to estimate emissions for all milestone years.

While the EPA has published a notice of proposed rulemaking for more string ent standards for locomotives and large commercial marine diesel engines, the agency has not finalized any new standards.

On June 29
, 2004
, EPA adopted a rule establishing a comprehensive national program to reduce emissions from nonroad diesel engines (69 FR 38958). The rule phased in requirements for reducing the sulfur content of diesel used in nonroad diesel engines. The reduction in fuel sulfur content prevents damage to the more advanced emission control systems needed to meet the engine standards; it will also reduce fine particulate emissions from diesel engines. In 2007, fuel sulfur levels were limited to 500 ppm for nonroad applications other than ocean-going marine vessels. In 2010, fuel sulfur levels were reduced to the same sulfur

c oncentration as in highway fuel, 15 ppm; this requirement began

a pplying in 2012 to locomotive and marine diesel fuel. EPA adopted technical amendments to the program in rules published in the Federal Register on November 22
, 2005 (70 FR 70498), and M ay 1
, 2006 (71 FR 25706). On April 30
, 2010 (75 FR 22896), EPA adopted changes to the nonroad diesel fuel program to allow for the production and sale of diesel fuel with up to 1,000 ppm sulfur for use in Category 3 marine

ve ssels. This requirement does not impact the Harrisburg Area because the Harrisburg Area does not have emissions from commercial marine vessels.- 33 - 4. Stationary Area Sources

Consumer Products. This regulation applies statewide to any person who sells, supplies

, offers for sale, or manufactures certain consumer
pr oducts on or after January 1

, 2005, for use in the Commonwealth. The program is contained in 25 Pa. Code Chapter 130
, Subchapter B. It was submitted to the EPA as a SIP revision on Mar ch 26
, 2003
, and approved on December 8

, 2004 (69 FR 70895). Amendments to the Consumer Products regulations were adopted on October 11

, 2008
, submitted to the EPA as a SIP revision on March 11, 2009
, and approved on October 18

, 2010 (75 FR 63717).

Adhesives, Sealants , Primers and Solvents. The EQB adopted a regulation in 2010 to control VOC emissions from adhesives, sealants,
pr imers and solvents. This regulation was published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on December 25, 2010 (40 Pa. B. 7340) and approved by EPA as a SIP revision on September 26

, 2012 (77 FR 59090).- 34 -

IV. MAINTENANCE PLAN

The Maintenance Plan for the Harrisburg Area is being submitted to EPA for approval as

a SIP revision concurrently with this Request for Redesignation. The Maintenance Plan shows that the 1997 PM 2 .5 NAAQS will be maintained for at least 10 years after redesignation. Eight years following redesignation, the Commonwealth will submit a revised plan that ensures attainment through 2035.

The Maintenance Plan shows that emission levels of PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC over the 10 years following redesignation will remain below the emissions level in 2007, while allowing for growth in population and vehicle miles traveled. The projected increase in NH 3 emissions does not present a concern for maintaining the NAAQS because PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO X and VOC emissions are all projected to continue to decline in the Harrisburg Area, and the Harrisburg Area currently has a design value based on 2010–2012 monitoring data of 11.9 μg/m 3

, which is significantly lower than the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS of 15 μg/m 3

. The following state and federal programs will ensure the continuing decline of SO 2 , NO X , direct PM 2.5 , and VOC emissions:

● CAIR;

● Emission limits for large industrial boilers;

● State regulation of cement kilns, large stationary internal combustion engines, and smaller sources of NO X ;

● State regulations incorporating by reference the federal Prevention of Significant De terioration (PSD) regulations;

● State requirements for Best Available Technology (BAT);

● State regulation of the sulfur content of fuel oil;

● State regulation of VOC emissions from adhesives, sealants, primers and solvents;

● The Pennsylvania and federal new motor vehicle emission control programs for
p assenger and light-duty trucks;

● The Pennsylvania and federal heavy-duty diesel emission control programs;

● Federal fuel programs for highway vehicles and nonroad mobile equipment; and

● Federal regulation of off-road diesel and gasoline-powered vehicles and equipment.

Emission reductions from Pennsylvania’s Diesel-Powered Motor Vehicle Idling Act, Ac t 124 of 2008 (Idling Act) were not included in the 2017 and 2025 emission- 35 -

inventories, and

, thus, were not relied upon for the demonstration of maintenance. The Idling Act was approved by EPA as a SIP revision on August 1

, 2011 (76 FR 45705). Similarly, NO X and VOC emission reductions from Pennsylvania’s Outdoor Wood-Fired Boilers regulation were not included in the 2017 and 2025 emission inventories, and

, were not relied upon for the demonstration of maintenance. The Outdoor Wood-Fired Boiler regulation was published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on October 2, 2010 (40 Pa. B. 5571) and approved by EPA as a SIP revision on September 20

, 2011 (76 FR 58114). However, emission reductions from these measures may nonetheless

a ssist the Harrisburg Area in maintaining air quality.

DEP has provided in the Maintenance Plan assurances that it will continue to operate the ambient air quality monitoring network in order to track maintenance of the standard and to evaluate emissions inventories periodically compared to the projections provided in the plan. DEP has also provided in the Maintenance Plan a list of contingency measures that it would consider to correct any violation of the 1997 PM 2.5 NAAQS that might occur af ter redesignation of the area.- 36 - ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AEO Annual Energy Outlook AQS EPA’s Air Quality System AQTAC DEP’ s Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee BACT Best Available Control Technology BAT Best Available Technology CAA Clean Air Act CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CA LEV California Low Emission Vehicle (program) CAMx Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extension CFR Code of Federal Regulations CMV Commercial Marine Vessel DEP Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection DOT U.S. Department of Transportation EGU Electric Generating Unit EIA Energy Information Administration EIS Emission Inventory System EPA The United States Environmental Protection Agency EQB Environmental Quality Board ERC Emission Reduction Credit FAA Federal Aviation Administration FIP Federal Implementation Plan FMVCP Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program FR Federal Register FRM Federal Reference Method GDP Gross Domestic Product GHCN Global Historical Climatology Network HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant I/M Inspection and Maintenance IRRC Independent Regulatory Review Commission LDGV Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles LDGT Light Duty Gasoline Trucks LRP Long Range Plan MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology MARAMA Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association MM5 Mesoscale Model MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization MY Model Y ear NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NAICS North American Industry Classification System NEI National Emissions Inventory NH 3 Ammonia NLEV National Low Emission Vehicle (program)- 37 -

NMIM National Mobile Inventory Model NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NONROAD Nonroad Model NO X Oxides of Nitrogen NSR New Source Review OTC Ozone Transport Commission OTR Ozone Transport Region OWB Outdoor Wood-fired Boiler PennDOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation PM Particulate Matter PM 2.5 Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter or Fine Particulates PM 10 P articulate Matter less than 10 microns in diameter
ppm parts per million PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration RWC Residential Wood Combustion SCC Source Classification Code SIP State Implementation Plan SO 2 Sulfur Dioxide TAF Terminal Area Forecast TCM Transportation Control Measures TIP Transportation Improvement Program TSD Technical Support Document
μ g/m 3 M icrogram per cubic meter
μm Micrometer VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOC Volatile Organic Compound ZEV Zero Emissions Vehicle

### Comment and Response Document Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Nonattainment Area 1997 Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan

On January 25, 2014 , the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (“DEP”) requested written comments and provided notice of the opportunity for a public hearing on the
pr oposed Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the 1997 Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle Nonattainment Area. A public hearing was scheduled for February 26, 2014 on the proposed redesignation

re quest and plan revision, but the hearing was cancelled since no person requested a hearing. The comment period closed on February 28 , 2014

. One commentator provided comments on the proposed SIP revision.

Diana Esher, Director Air Protection Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029

COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

1

. Comment : Redesignation Request Section III.C.1 - It is recommended that the subsec tion entitled "Stationary Source Permitting Programs," with the exception of the paragraph related to federal standards for hazardous air pollutants, be moved to a separate section, since these are not specific permanent and enforceable control measures (the Titl e V permitting program in particular does not create new requirements).

Response: DEP appreciates the comment. Because a strong permitting program, particularly standards for Best Available Technology, underlies the basis for continued decreases in emissions of PM 2 .5 and its precursors from stationary sources, DEP has retained the description of Pennsylvania’s stationary source permitting programs. DEP moved the description of the permitting programs to a background section to address the

c ommentator’s concerns.cm!Ji\:]CNI.'J8lHH OF PEN"4SYt_V,I-'>,t\fJP STD-52-1 REV. 12-88

TQ: (1:-lAM!;; AND ADDRESS OF )'IEWSF'AI'>im} ! FEPERAL t.D-. NO./SOC, pEe, NO, : 23-1394402**"1-0VV"t'+~OO't** I V!U f

FROM: (NM<1C: ANO.AODRS:SS bi'"AGENCYJ 'AGENCYIELI:PHONENO, 787-9495 Harrisburg Patriot News Co. Attn: Pina

- Legal Ads Alex Haas PA DEP/BAQ**!__~--** •• " ••

- -----·. ---

2020 Technology Parkway-Suite**M~eloanicsbur~** PA 17050 300

HEREWITH IS ENCL..OSEO COI'>Y FOR PUBUCA"t10N OF" ADVERTISEMEI-It FOR PROPOSALS 'f'D 400 Market Street Harrisburg, PA 1710.5



### D EMPI.,.OY 

### 0 PURCHASE; 

### D CONtl'fAC.T 

# I TYPE OF AD 

### D SELL 

### 0 CLASSIFIED I;d LEGAL NOTICE**~USI,.ISH** ADVERTISEMENT (NO.**O~TIMES)** DATE 

# I

ORDER NO, Jan.l5, 2014

OATES OF INSERTION On or before January 24, 2014

You, as vendor, are authorized to publish this advertisement in your newspaper, subject to the terms of this order, as follows: Advertisement to be published in regular advertising columns, no position specified; caption of two lines and signature to be in capita'ls and subject matter and tit[e of officer.to be sei: solid in type regu,arly usOO by_v.our newsP-aP-er for RUbric**(~gql)** notice advertising; charge to be made at the rate charged to and paid by commercial advertisers for matter similarly set and occupying similar space; advertisement to be run in the editions specified above. Vendor agrees that, in the performance of any q:mtract awarded to it hereunder, said vendor will not discriminate against any employs or other persons on account of race, color, se)(, religious creed; ancestry, age or national origin and that the Commonwealth, upon t'eceipt of satisfactory evidence of such discrimination, shall have the righttocanoel said contract. Return this copy at once jfyou will not accept this advertisement under the terms set forth.

Pmof of advertishl!l**i~** tlia foo·m of" tearslieet**mOJJs~ ~e**  ii1lcln.ooled oU'I Parts**~,** 2 & 3. Rsto.nm**origir>~l** ancl two**copi~s** (si!IJr>sd**~11** the editor or**p~.nff:llishar)** to**A!Jet~cy lis~ed**  lilbo:we.**!'art~** mMst be notari2ed. l'srt 4 is yo:mrs.

. Commonwealth to be billed only for actual number of printed lines published.



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PASTE TEARSHEET HERE

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania County of

_____________ _ Before me, the subscriber, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally came who being duly sworn, doth depose and say that he is***~----.,.·-----------------------** the · a general newspaper published at that the advertisement, of which tearsheet is attached·hereto, was published in the regular advertising columns of said newspaper, in the editions of said newspaper, in all respects as ordered and invoiced above; and that the Commonwealth is not charged therefor at a rate higher than is charged any ordinary commercial advertiser for a similar amount of matter occupying similar space and set in a similar manner, in said newspaper.

*This affidavit must be made by the Own-er, Pubrisher, or the designated agent of the owner or publisher. .. ,_ .. ,,,,The Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213 

# [be patriot-News

Now you know

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKET STREET

HARRISBURG PA 17105


# STATEMENT

AD ORDER# DATE EDITION ADDTL INFO.

233427 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL 0002283502 01/23/14 REGULAR

233427 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL 0002288502 01/23/14 REGULAR Department of Environmental Protectiorr



### JAN 2 9 2014

Air Resource Management Division

ALL CHARGES ARE NET

TYPE OF CHARGE AMOUNT

BOLD TEXT CHARGE $4.00

BASIC AD CHARGE $464.07

AFFIDAVIT CHARGE $5.00

TOTAL: $473.07

This is not an invoice. Please do not remit payment from this Statement. An invoice will be generated at the end of the month. --Thank you.

NOTE: This Statement replaces the Order Confirmation which we previously sent with Proofs of PublicationThe Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213 

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.. Ncws

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DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKE'T STREET

PA 17105

THE PATRIOT NEWS THE SUNDAY PATRIOT NEWS



### Proof of Publication
Under Act No. 587, Approved May 16, 1929 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, County of Dauphin} ss

ing duly sworn according to law, deposes and says:

'\ccountant of The Patriot News Co., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the 'ania, with its principal office and place of business at 2020 Technology Pkwy, Suite 300, in the 1nty of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, owner and publisher of The Patriot-News and The Sunday f general circulation, printed and published at 1900 Patriot Drive, in the City, County and State Jews and The Sunday Patriot-News were established March 4th, 1854, and September 18th, 1949,**~en** continuously published ever since; ice or publication which is securely attached hereto is exactly as printed and published in their regular unity Weekly editions which appeared on the date(s) indicated below. That neither she nor said ' subject matter of said printed notice or advertising, and that all of the allegations of this statement as der of publication are true; and nal knowledge of the facts aforesaid and is duly authorized and empowered to verify this statement on**~o.** aforesaid by virtue and pursuant to a resolution unanimously passed and adopted severally by the lirectors of the said Company and subsequently duly recorded in the office for the Recording of Deeds tuphin in Miscellaneous Book "M", Volume 14, Page 317.

ran on the dates shown below: January 23, 2014

ary, 2014 AD.The Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213 

# [bt 

# patriot-News

Now you know

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKET STREET

HARRISBURG PA 17105

THE PATRIOT NEWS THE SUNDAY PATRIOT NEWS



### Proof of Publication
Under Act No. 587, Approved May 16, 1929 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, County of Dauphin} ss

Marianne Miller, being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says:

That she is a Staff Accountant of The Patriot News Co., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, with its principal office and place of business at 2020 Technology Pkwy, Suite 300, in the Township of Hampden, County of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, owner and publisher of The Patriot-News and The Sunday Patriot-News newspapers of general circulation, printed and published at 1900 Patriot Drive, in the City, County and State aforesaid; that The Patriot-News and The Sunday Patriot-News were established March 4th, 1854, and September 18th, 1949, respectively, and all have been continuously published ever since; That the printed notice or publication which is securely attached hereto is exactly as printed and published in their regular daily and/or Sunday/ Community Weekly editions which appeared on the date(s) indicated below. That neither she nor said Company is interested in the subject matter of said printed notice or advertising, and that all of the allegations of this statement as to the time, place and character of publication are true; and That she has personal knowledge of the facts aforesaid and is duly authorized and empowered to verify this statement on behalf of The Patriot-News Co. aforesaid by virtue and pursuant to a resolution unanimously passed and adopted severally by the stockholders and board of directors of the said Company and subsequently duly recorded in the office for the Recording of Deeds in and for said County of Dauphin in Miscellaneous Book "M", Volume 14, Page 317.

ran on the dates shown below: January 23, 2014

and**sub~cribed be~ll**  23 day of Janrry, 2014 A.D.

tary PublicCOMf:iiONWE.<\LTH OF**,cENNSYL\r~l\1~;\** STD-52"1 REV. -12-33 4,']00445684 10/07

! !

York Daily Record
1891 toucks Road PO Box W-401 York, PA 17404 : 91-020905 Alex Haas PA DEP/BAQ 400 Market Street Harrisburg, PA 17105

You, as vendor, are authorized to publish this advertisement in your newspaper, subject to the terms of this order, as follows: Advertisement to be published in regular advertising co!umnsr no position specified; caption of two lines and signature to be in capitals and subject matter and title me officer. to be**set_S~olid** in type reguftarly used by: v..our newsRaQ:er for (.?ublic (!§gal} notice advertising: charge to be made at the rate charged to. and paid by commercial**advertis~rs** for matter simflarly set and occupying similar space; advertisement to be nm in the editions specified above. Vendor .agrees that, in the performance of any contract awarded to it hereunder, said vendor will not discrimina'i:e against any emplo)le or other persons on accoun·i: of race, color, sex, religious creed, ancestry, age or national origin and that the Commonwealth, upon receipt of satisfactory evidence of such discrimination, shal! havetherigh1l:tocanoe! said contract. Return this copy at once if you will not accept this advertisement uncfertheterms set forth.**!Flmo~oifadlverUsing ~nthefoq-m** **!Cl~"ij=a'teatrsfraeetmlllls'i** lbe indi!.Jldsd on pgrts**~,** 2 & 3.**~etllllm origill!lSJ~**  S'J:ndtwo copies**~si.gnedl** by th" edito' or P"blishar) to**Ago~cylisted** "lbove. !'aO"I 1 .Ni1us1ll:;e**~ota,ized.** l'art 4 is yo1ns.

Commonwealth to be billed only for actual number of printed lines published.

ACCOUNT

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_ . _ _ __ a general newSpaper published at f,-<V**·------~------------·--·----.** _. that the**adver~serrient** of which tearsheet is attached· hereto, was published in the regular advertising columns of said newspaper, in the editions of said newspaper, in all respects. as ordered and invoiced above; and that the Commonweafth is not charged therefor at a rate higher than is char'ged any ordinary commercial advertiser for a similar amount of matter occupying similar space and set in a similar manner, in Said newspaper.

My commission expires

. .tl.»_r..c·..:.I

__ ..Jic_,_=J-"o'-''-"'=--

*This affidavit must be made by the Owner, Pllb!isher, or the dealgmted -agent of the owner or publisher.

TREASUfW SlGNATURE: OF' Af-'F!ANT

·-

Notary Public WEST MANCHESTER TWP. YORK COUNTY My Commission Expires r\p- 1, 2016**-~---___;,_:..;;,;_;__...J**PROPOSED STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN REVISIONS
Redesignation Requests and Maintenance Plans for the Cumberland, Dauphin, Leba·
non and York Counties Attaining the 1997 Annual and 24-hour 2006 Fine Particulate Matter Standards: Public Hearing

· Particulate matter (PM) includes both solid and llquid particles suspended in the air. Fine particle pollution describes particulate matter that Is less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in 'diameter {PM2.5). PM2.5 concentrations above the federal health-based standard pose a serious human health threat. With significant improvements in air quality in Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon and York counties, these nonattainment areas now meet the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Therefore, the Department o1 Environmental Protection (OEP) intends to submit requests to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency {EPA) to redesignate these areas to attainment.

The DEP Is seeking public comment on the three redesignation requests and proposed revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) containing the 2007 comprehensive inventory : as required under Section 172(c)(3) of the federal Clean Air Act (CAA) and maintenance plans demonstrating that the areas can maintain the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 health-based NAAQS for the next 10 years as required under section 175A(a) of the CAA (42 U.S.C.A. § 7505a}. Upon EPA a.ppmval, the maintenance plans will also establish new motor vehicle ' emission budgets for transportation conformity purposes.

The requests to redesignate the**are~s** to attainment and the proposed SIP revisions are available on the Department's website at 'www.dep.state.pa.us (choose "Air," choose

1 "Bureau oi Air Quality," choose "Regs/Plans," choose "Clean Air Plans") or through the contact persons fisted below.

The Department will hold a public hearing to receive comments on the proposal on Wednesday, February 26, 2014, at 10:00 a.m., at the Rachel Carson State Office Building, 400 Market Street, Room 105, Harrisburg, PA. Persons wishing to present testimony at the hearing should contact Alex Haas, P.O. Box 846B, Harrisburg, PA 17105, (717) 787-9495

or alehaas@pa.gov to reserve a time: Wit-:
nesses should keep testimony to ten mmutes and should provide two written copies of their statement at the hearing.

If by Monday, February 24, 2015, no person has expressed an interest in testifying at the hearing, the hearing wlll be cancelled. The ' Department will provide public not\ce on the Bureau of Air Quality webpage at the following link if the hearing is cancelled:

1 http://www.dep.state.pa,us/depldeputate/ai

1 rwastelaq/default.htm. Persons may also con1act the Department to find out if the hearing is cancelled by contacting Alex Haas at (717} 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov.

Persons wlth a disability who wish to attend the hearing and requlre an auxiliary aid, service or other accommodation to participate in the proceeding should contact Alex Haas at (717) 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov. TDD
users may contact the AT&T Relay Service at (BOO) 654-5984 to discuss how the Department can best accommodate their needs. The Department must receive comments no later than February 28, 2014. Written comments should be sent to the attention of Nancy Herb, Bureau of Air Ollality, P.O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, or nherb@pa.gov. Use "Harrisburg/York PM2.5 Redesignatlon" as the subject line in written communication and specify whtch document you are commenting

on.

E. CHRISTOPHER ABRUZZO, Secretary 

## Proof of Publication State ofPennsylvania Ad# 0001421985-01

The York Dispatch/York Sunday News and York Daily Record is the name of the daily newspaper(s) of general circulation published continuously for more than six months at its principal place of business, 1891 Loucks Road, York, PA 17408.

The printed copy of the advertisement hereto attached is a true copy, exactly as printed and published, of an advertisement printed in the regular issues of the said The York Dispatch/York Sunday News and York Daily Record published on the

01/23/2014

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY OF YORK Before me, a Notary Public, personally came Linda Smith who being duly sworn deposes and says that she is the Layout Supervisor of The York Dispatch'York Sunday News and York Daily Record and her personal knowledge of the publication of the advertisement mentioned in the foregoing statement as to the time, place and character of publications are true, and that the affiant is not interested in the subject matter of the above mentioned advertisement.

Sworn and subscribed to before me, on this 23 day of January 2014 

# }

Notary Public

The charge for the following publication of above mentioned advertisement and the expense of the affidavit.

Advertisement Cost $566.20

Affidavit Fee $5.00

Total Cost $571.20Ad OrdQ.r Number
0001421985**Sales~...:.** dswords

Order Taker
dswords**T~HH** Sheets
0

lnvolce Text

Gross Amount $571.20

Ad Number
0001421 tl85-01

Product Information

YNC Dairy Record::

YNC Online::

WYSIWYG Contgnt

2/14/2014 2:04:46PM 

# MEDI RECEIVED

MARKETPLACE**201~** 

## FEB 14 PH 

## 2= 06

Order Confirmation IIEI'"BI1REAU £1F A-IR OU/\f.IJ'(

Customer
PA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PR

Customer Account
108739

Customer Address
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE
HARRISBURG PA 17105-8468 USA Customer Phone 717-787-9495 Payor Customer
PA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

Payor Account
108739

.E§Y.or Address
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BU
HARRISBURG PA 17105-8468 USA

Payor Phone
717-787-9495 PO Number
152078

Ordered By

Customer Fax

Customer EMail

Affidavits
1 !=Jiind Box

Ad Type Legal Liner Ad Order Notgs

Payment Method

Ad Size
:2.0X103Li

PlacementJCiassification

Public Notices

Public Notices Production Method

Ad Booker Payment Amount $0.00

Production Notes

Run Dates

112312014

1/2312014 ----------COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA STD-521 REV. 06-2010 PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZATION AND INVOICE

PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZATION (To be completed by agency): INVOICE NO.

TELEPHONE NO. 717-787-9495 TO: (NAME AND ADDRESS oF NEWSPAPER) !FEDERAL I. D. NQ./SOC. SEC. NO. FROM: (NAME AND ADDRESS OF AGENCY) AGENCY i Harrisburg Patriot News Co. 23-1394402 Alex Haas !

'·············································································· 2020 Technology Parkway PA DEP: Bureau of Air Quality Suite 300 400 Market Street Mechanicsbura. PA 17050**~::uric;;hnrn** PA 171(11

HEREWITH IS ENCLOSED COPY FOR PUBLICATION OF ADVERTISEMENT FOR PROPOSALS TO 

### TTYPE OF AD. 

### D EMPLOY 

### D PURCHASE 

### D CONTRACT 

### D SELL 

## c CLASSIFIED**~** LEGAL NOTICE

PUBLISH ADVERTISEMENT {NO. OF TIMES) 

# 1

MAXIMUM NO. OF LINES DATE 

# I

ORDER NO. 1x Only January 29,2014

DATES OF INSERTION**SIGNA~; FORAGE~.**  ) j /J7l /7 On or Before February 1, 2014**J·j~** 

### C:.

. /A / YJ./ kh. )

You, as vendor, are authorized to publish this advertisement in your newspaper, subJect to the terms of th1s order, as follows: Advertisement to be published in regular advertising columns, no position specified; caption of two lines and signature to be in capitals and subject matter and title of officer to be set solid in type regularly used by your newspaper for public (legal) notice advertising; charge to be made at the rate charged to and paid by commercial advertisers for matter similarly set and occupying similar space; advertisement to be run in the editions specified above. Vendor agrees that, in the performance of any contract awarded to it hereunder, said vendor will not discriminate against any employE!e or other persons on account of race, color, sex, religious creed, ancestry, age or national origin and that the Commonwealth, upon receipt of satisfactory evidence of such discrimination, shall have the right to cancel said contract Return this copy at once if you will not accept this advertisement under the terms set forth.

Return original and two copies (signed by the editor or publisher) to the agency listed above. Proof of advertising in the form of a tear sheet must be stapled to original and copies. Original must be notarized.
Commonwealth to be billed only for actual number of printed lines published.

SAP FUND COST CENTER GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNT CODE %
7027313000 3522710000 6343200

1/0 V16414000000

INVOICE (To be completed by publisher)·

. DATE OF INSERTION ACTUAL NO. OF PRINTED LINES COST PER LINE TOTAL AMOUNT

1st Ad 

# 7 

# 7 ' 

### . ·/.. /j

· .• 

## ·· ('(' ")

.... 

### /:;'**~~** 

## :f/<, 

# 7t/



# . 2nd Ad ---::'

.

### :(~~ 

# l":**\~** 3rd Ad 

### /)/ L;. {. / 

### •.

GRAND TOTAL-+ 1 

# 1-:J I 

# h:J (.



# .

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
County of

-------------- Before me, the subscriber, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally came

_______________ _ who being duly sworn, doth depose and say that he is*

-------------------------- the a general newspaper published at that the advertisement, of which tearsheet is attached hereto, was published in the regular advertising columns of said newspap: in the editions of said newspaper, in all respects as ordered and invoiced above; and that the Commonwealth is not charg therefor at a rate higher than is charged any ordinary advertiser for a similar amount of matter occupying similar space and set ir similar matter, in said newspaper.

SWOJJl-<lnd subscribed before me this 

## I 

# at.tt 

# ,., ,, m**~~** 

# 'i! (\**DeW.'~** OJ

COMMONWJ:ALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA N R PUBLIC**~~** My commission expires 

### V@

## lt~ 

# /1 U Notarial Sf::DI frlogy Lynn Warfe!, N;A0r')" Fut:!ic 

# J**\hi.;si<i;·;;~:t..:;n** 1\rvp,, C:;;uphin Cctmty

;1 > •·";**'~""''** •r.' r.**"'":v•·;<~p-** {"**-:.0~** Ly**~-~AI.u!S5JO,** b

.....**;.'"~::>** ,Jec 1'2:, £.·}

.. 6 *This affidavit must be made by the Owner, Publisher, or the designated agent of the owner or publisher.

MEMGER ?ENN5VtV11Jil1A P.SSOG4TI0N OF NOT!lJUESThe Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213 

# '<ibt 

# patriot-News

Now you know

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKET STREET

HARRISBURG PA 17105

THE PATRIOT NEWS THE SUNDAY PATRIOT NEWS



### Proof of Publication
Under Act No. 587, Approved May 16, 1929 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, County of Dauphin} ss

Marianne Miller, being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says:

That she is a Staff Accountant of The Patriot News Co., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealth ;(If Pennsylvania, with its principal office and place of business at 2020 Technology Pkwy, Suite 300, in the Township of Hai'Tlpden, County of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, owner and publisher of The Patriot-News and The Sunday Patriot-News newspapers of general circulation, printed and published at 1900 Patriot Drive, in the City, County and State aforesaid; that The Patriot-News and The Sunday Patriot-News were established March 4th, 1854, and September 18th, 1949, respectively, and all have been continuously published ever since; That the printed notice or publication which is securely attached hereto is exactly as printed and published in their regular daily and/or Sunday/ Community Weekly editions which appeared on the date(s) indicated below. That neither she nor said Company is interested in the subject rnatter of said printed notice or advertising, and that all of the allegations of this statement as to the time, place and character of publication are true; and That she has personal knowledge of the facts aforesaid and is duly authorized and empowered to verify this statement on behalf of The Patriot-News Co. aforesaid by virtue and pursuant to a resolution unanimously passed and adopted severally by the stockholders and board of directors of the said Company and subsequently duly recorded in the office for the Recording of Deeds in and for said County of Dauphin in Miscellaneous Book "M", Volume 14, Page 317.

373 ran on the dates shown below: February 02, 2014The Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213 

# [be**patriot~Ncws** Now you know

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKET STREET

HARRISBURG

CORRECTlON Proposed state ffnPiemeniQfion Plan Revisions Public Heqring for Rede:si9'nafion Requests a:nd Mo:intenance Pkms. for Cumberlandr Dauphin, Lebanon and York Counties Attaining the 1997 Annual and 24-hour 2006 Fine Particulate Matte!" Stanltfards; Public**He<~rfng** The Department of Environmental Protection (Oeparfmenf} intends to submit requests to the U.S. Environmental Protecf(on Agency (EPA) toredeshmateCumbertand, Dauphin. Lebanon and York c:ounttes to attainment for the 1997 and 201M PM2.5 National Ambient Atr Quol{ty Standards CNAAQSL

The Department**rece~y** published a notice of a Pub fie heorlrt ' o receive co.mments-Dn the three r designonon requests and proposed revisions to the State ltnPiemerttaffon Pran (SIP) containing the 2007 comprehensive tnvli!ntorv as required under Section tn(c)(3} of the federal Clean Air Act CCAA} anct maintenance ptans d:emcmstratfng tttat the areas can maintain the 1997 and 20:()"6 PM2.S health-**base~** NAAQS ftw the rnaxt 10 years as re:qUtred under**~cffon** 175A(a1 of the CAA (42 U,S.CA 7SIJSa}.

. That notice contofnectatHirror, It mdlcated that If by Monday, February ?4, 2Ul5, no Person had exPressed an mterest in testifYing at the hearing, tha hearing woo!d be cancel ted, The cO;'rect Information is that ihe hearing wm be cance!lett if by Monday, February 24, · 21H4, no Person h<ts expressed an Interest In te.stifYfng at the hearing.

As indicafed in that notice-, the heetrlns Is scheduled for Wednesday, February 26,2014, at 10::0:0' a.m., of the Rachef Carson Stote OffiCe Ekr11dlm;, 400: Market Street, Room.l05$ Harr-Isburg, PA. Persons wlslltng tt;J present testimony at the hoorins shoUld confcrct Alex Haas P.O, Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 171115 ' {7l7) 787-9495 or olehoas@pa,gov to '

reserve et time, W!fnesses sho:utd keep testimony to ten minutes and should provide two wrrtten copies: of their statement at the hearing.

Persons witt} a dJsabllltv who wls:h to attend the hearfng and requrra an ouxitlary aid, service or other accommodotlon to participate in tt'ffi proceeding should contact Alex Haas at (717) 787·'?495 or alehoa:s@pQ,gov, roo**user~** may contoct fheAT&T Relay Servtce at (80tf) 654-5984 to discuss how fhe.Depa.rtment can best accommodate fhetr needs.

Afso, as indicated ·correctly In the previous nonce, the Department must**n~t;eive** comments no later than February 28, 21l14. Written .comments should be sent to the attention of Nanev HerD, Bureau at Atr Quantv, P-.o. sox 8468, Harrtsburs, PA,J7lOS-8468, or nherb@pa.gov. Use ''HarrlsburglYork**~M2,?** Redesronatlon'' os the subiect line
m wntten communication and specify which ®cument vou are commenting on.

E. CHRfSTOPHER ABRUZZO, Secretary PA 17105

THE PATRIOT NEWS THE SUNDAY PATRIOT NEWS



### Proof of Publication
Under Act No. 587, Approved May 16, 1929 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, County of Dauphin} ss

J duly sworn according to law, deposes and says:

:countant of The Patriot News Co., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the 1ia, with its principal office and place of business at 2020 Technology Pkwy, Suite 300, in the ty of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, owner and publisher of The Patriot-News and The Sunday Jenera I circulation, printed and published at 1900 Patriot Drive, in the City, County and State

ws and The Sunday Patriot-News were established March 4th, 1854, and September 18th, 1949,

·n continuously published ever since;

e or publication which is securely attached hereto is exactly as printed and published in their regular nity Weekly editions which appeared on the date(s) indicated below. That neither she nor said subject matter of said printed notice or advertising, and that all of the allegations of this statement as ter of publication are true; and 31 knowledge of the facts aforesaid and is duly authorized and empowered to verify this statement on
o. aforesaid by virtue and pursuant to a resolution unanimously passed and adopted severally by the ectors of the said Company and subsequently duly recorded in the office for the Recording of Deeds 1phin in Miscellaneous Book "M", Volume 14, Page 317.

ran on the dates shown below: February 02, 2014The Patriot-News Co. 2020 Technology Pkwy Suite 300 Mechanicsburg, PA 17050

Inquiries- 717-255-8213

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
400 MARKET STREET

HARRISBURG PA 17105


# STATEMENT 

# [be**patriot~Ncws** Now you know

ALL CHARGES ARE NET

AD ORDER# DATE EDITION ADDTL. INFO. TYPE OF CHARGE AMOUNT

233427 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL 0002289373 02/02/14 REGULAR

233427**DE~ARTMENT** OF ENVIRONMENTAL 0002289373 01/31/14 REGULAR
233427 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL 0002289373 02/02/14 REGULAR BOLD TEXT CHARGE

BASIC AD CHARGE
BASIC AD CHARGE $4.00

$2.50 $415.74

AFFIDAVIT CHARGE $5.00

TOTAL: $427.24

This is not an invoice. Please do not remit payment from this Statement. An invoice will be generated at the end of the month. --Thank you.

NOTE: This Statement replaces the Order Confirmation which we previously sent with Proofs of Publication**~---------------------------------** -- ------------------------,

-------

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA lr-NOICE NO. STD-521 REV. 06-2010 PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZATION AND INVOICE

PUBLICATIONS AUTHORIZATION (To be completed by agenc '):

TO; (NAME AND AotlltESS Of J'IEWSPN'EJV f FEDERAL to. NOJSOC, SEC. NO. FROM: (NAME AND ADDRESS OF AnENa'f) AGENCY 1 TELEPHONE NO. York Daily Record ! 91-020905 Alex Haas 717-787-9495

'·-'"""'"'"''"'''' 1891 Loucks Road**'"'""'"''""''"'"'"'"''~'""'"'"'""'''''''** __ ,. ____ PA DEP: Bureau of Air Quality York, PA 17408 400 Market Street D H;;rrio::hnrn PA 111m D

HEREWITH IS ENCLOSED COPY FOR PUBLICATION OF ADVERTISEMENT FOR PROPOSALS TO 

### I TYPE OFAD 

### D EMPLOY 

### D PURCHASE 

### D CONTRACT 

### D SELL 

### 0 CLASSIFIED 

### IR! LEGAL NOTICE PUBLISH ADVERTISEMENT {NO. OF TIMES) 

### I MAXIMUM NO. OF LINES DATE 

### I ORDERNO.

### i"!.~jCl\~

1x Only January 29,2014

DATES OF INSERTION**SIG"J};;o~pCILfl)j** 

# P-A On or Before February 1, 2014 

### '

You, as vendor, are authonzed to publish th1s advertisement 1n your newspaper, subJect to the terms of th1s order, as follows: Advertisement to be published in regular advertising columns, no posilion specified; caption of two lines and signature to be in capitals and subject matter and title of officer to be set solid in type regularly used by your newspaper for public (legal) notice advertising; charge to be made at the rate charged to and paid by commercial advertisers for matter similarly set and occupying similar space; advertisemenl to be run in the editions specified above. Vendor agrees that, in the performance of any contract awarded io ii hereunder, said vendor will not discriminate against any employee or other persons on account of race, color, sex, religious creed, ancestry, age or national origin and that the Commonwealth, upon receipt of satisfactory evidence of such discrimination, shall have the right to cancel said contract Return this copy at once if you will not accept this advertisement under the terms set forth.

Return original and two copies (signed by the editor or publisher) to the agency listed above. Proof of advertising in the form of a tear sheet must be stapled to original and copies. Original must be notarized.
Commonwealth to be billed only for actual number of printed lines published.

SAP**FU~D** COST CENTER GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNT CODE
7027313000 3522710000 6343200

1/0 V16414000000

INVOICE (To be completed by publisher):

DATE OF INSERTION ACTUAl NO. OF PRINTED UNES COST PER LINE TOTAL AMOUNT

1st Ad

2nd Ad

3rdAd

:"""'-- GRAND TOTAL-+



## ----------------------

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
County of**-----"""''-"'~---------** Before me, the subscriber, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally came _.::Lc=' "'-'"'"""\ .U..--""'-"'l.W.-IJ------
who being duly sworn, doth depo. se and say thai he is***,...,\,~,&"'·** -'il-.**c,.'~·''-'-'-l--7'~\,_,v"tl-''-"'·'-'i--'V'-''-'-'-"''"-~'-----~--------** the 

### '·h<\ I),-**~** '"'\' I \\ 3 ,k B,<jj general newspaper published al .- · that the adverMement, of whlch tearsheet is attached herelo, was published in the regular advertising columns of said newspap• in the editions of said newspaper, in all respects as ordered and invoiced above; and that the Commonwealth is not charg• lherefor at a rate higher than is charged any ordinary advertiser for a similar amount of matter occupying similar space and set ir similar matter, in said newspaper.

Sworn and subscribed before me this ---:=---- daym

__________________________ 20

____ _

NOTARY PUBLIC My commission expires

*This affidavit must be made by the Owner, Publisher, or the designated agent of the owner or publisher.CORRECTION



### I , Proposed**~tate** Implementation Plan Revisions

Publle Hearing for Redesignation Requests

and Maintenance Plans for Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon and Vork Counties Attaining the 1997 Annual and 24-hour 2006 Fine · Particulate Matter Standards; Public Hearing

The Department of Environmental Protection (Department} intends to submit requests to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to redesignate Cumberland, Dauphin, Leba- ·

. non and York counties to attainment for the

1997 and 2006 PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards {NAAQS).

The Department recently published a notice of
a public hearing to receive comments on the

· three redesignation requests and proposed revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) containing the 2007 comprehensive inventory
as required under Section 172(c){3) of the federal Clean Air Act (CAA) and maintenance plans demonstrating that the areas can maintain the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 health-based NAAQS tor the next 10 years as required under Section 175A(a) of the CAA (42 U.S.C.A. § 7505a)

.

• That notice contained an error. It indicated ·that if by Monday, February 24, 2015, no per- '

, son had expressed an interest in testifying at
: the hearing, the hearing would be cance!fed. The correct Information is that the hearing will be cancelled if by Monday, February 24,2014,
no person has expressed an interest in testifying at the hearing.

As Indicated in that notice, the hearing is scheduled for Wednesday, February 26, 2014, at 10:00 a.m

.. at the Rachel Carson State Office Building, 400 Market Street, Room 105, Harrisburg, PA. Persons wishing to present testimony at the hearing should contact Alex hlaas, P.O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17'105, (717) 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov to reserve a time. Witnesses should keep testimony to ten minutes and should provide two written copies of their statement at the hearing.

Persons with a disabillty who wish to attend the hearing and require an auxiliary aid, serv- Ice or other accommodation to participate in the proceeding should contact Alex Haas al (717) 787-9495 or alehaas@pa.gov. TDD
users may contact the AT&T Relay Service at (800)**654~5984** to discuss how the Depart- ment can best accommodate their needs.

Also, as. indicated correctly in the previous no- tice, the Department must receive comments
no later than February 28, 2014. Written com- ments should be sent to the ·attention of Nancy Herb, Bureau of Air Quality, P.O. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468, or**nherb@pa.~ov.** Use "Harrisburg/York PM2.5**Redesignat1on~** as the subject line in written communication and specify which ·document you are commenting on.

E. CHRISTOPHER ABRUZZO,

, Secretary 

## Proof of Publication State of Pennsylvania Ad# 0001423929-01

The York DispatchNork Sunday News and York Daily Record is the name of the daily newspaper(s) of general circulation published continuously for more than six months at its principal place of business, 1891 Loucks Road, York, PA 17408.

The printed copy of the advertisement hereto attached is a true copy, exactly as printed and published, of an advertisement printed in the regular issues of the said The York DispatchNork Sunday News and York Daily Record published on the

01/31/2014

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA COUNTY OF YORK Before me, a Notary Public, personally came Linda Smith who being duly sworn deposes and says that she is the Layout Supervisor of The York Dispatctr'York Sunday News and York Daily Record and her personal knowledge of the publication of the advertisement mentioned in the foregoing statement as to the time, place and character of publications are true, and that the affiant is not interested in the subject matter of the above mentioned advertisement.

Sworn and subscribed to before rne, on this 31 day of January 2014

Notary Public

The charge for the following publication of above mentioned advertisement and the expense of the affidavit.

Advertisement Cost $444.40

Affidavit Fee $5.00

Total Cost $449.40Ad Order Number 0001423929

Sales Rep. rgodfrey

Order Taker rgodfrey

Tear Sheets
0

Invoke Text

Gross Amount $449.40

Ad Number 0001423029-01

Product Information

YNC Daily Record::

YNC Online::

WYSIWYG Content

2/"14120"1412:25:31 PM 

# MEDI

MARKETPLACE 

# RECEIVED**201~FEB14** 

## PH 

## f:fto

Order Confirmation 

### tJefi"BIIREAU OF AIR 

### 0UA£1f'l'

Customer

PA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PR

Customer Account
108739

Customer Address
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE
HARRISBURG PA 17105-8468 USA Customer phgng

717-787-9495 Payor Customer
PA DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

Payor Account
108739

Payor Address
RACHEL CARSON STATE OFFICE BU
HARRISBURG PA 17105-8468 USA

Payor Phone
717-.787-9495 PO Number

Ordered By

Customer Fax

Customer EMail

Affidavits Blind Box

Ad Type legal Liner Ad Order Notes

Payment Method

Ad Size

: 2_0 X 81 Li

Placement/Classification

Public Notices

Public Notices Production Method
AdBooker Payment Amount $0_00

Production Notes

Run Dates

1/31/2014

"1/3112014PA Bulletin, Doc. No. 14-198 Page 1 of2



# NOTICES

Proposed State Implementation Plan Revisions; Redesignation Requests and Maintenance Plans for Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon and York Counties Attaining the 1997 Annual and 24-Hour 2006 Fine Particulate Matter Standards; Public Hearing

[44 Pa.B. 541) [Saturday, January 25, 2014)

Particulate matter (PM) includes both solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. Fine particle pollution describes particulate matter that is less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM 2 . 5 ). PM 2 . 5 concentrations above the Federal health-based standard pose a serious human health threat. With significant improvements in air quality in Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon and York Counties, these nonattainment areas now meet the 1997 and 2006 PM 25 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Therefore, the Department

of Environmental Protection (Department) intends to submit requests to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to redesignate these areas to attainment.

The Department is seeking public comment on the three redesignation requests and proposed revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) containing the 2007 comprehensive inventory and maintenance plans demonstrating that the areas can maintain the 1997 and 2006 PM 2 . 5 health-based NAAQS for the next 10 years as required under
section 175A(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C.A. § 7505a(a)). Upon the EPA approval, the maintenance plans will also establish new motor vehicle emission budgets for transportation conformity purposes.

The requests to redesignate the areas to attainment and the proposed SIP revisions are available on the Department's web site at www.dep.state.pa.us (choose "Air," choose "Bureau of Air Quality," choose "Regs/Plan," choose "Clean Air Plans") or through the
contact persons listed as follows.

The Department will hold a public hearing to receive comments on the proposal on Wednesday, February 26,2014, at 10 a.m. at the Rachel Carson State Office Building, 400 Market Street, Room 105, Harrisburg, PA. Persons wishing to present testimony at the hearing should contact Alex Haas, P. 0. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105, (717) 787-9495

or alehaas@pa.gov to reserve a time. Witnesses should keep testimony to 10 minutes and should provide two written copies of their statements at the hearing.

If by Monday, February 24, 2014, no person has expressed an interest in testifying at the hearing, the hearing will be cancelled. The Department will provide public notice if the hearing is cancelled on the Bureau of Air Quality web page at http ://www.dep .state. pa. us/ dep/ deputate/ airwaste/ aq/ default.htrn. Persons may also contact the Department to find out if the hearing is cancelled by contacting Alex Haas at (717) 787-

http://www. pabulletin. corn/ secure/ datalvol44/44-4/198 .html 4/10/2014PA Bulletin, Doc. No. 14-198 Page 2 of2

9495 or alehaas@pa.gov.

Persons with a disability who wish to attend the hearing and require an auxiliary aid, service or other accommodation to participate in the proceeding should contact Alex Haas
at the previously listed phone number and e-mail address. TDD users may contact the Pennsylvania AT&T Relay Service at (800) 654-5984 to discuss how the Department can best accommodate their needs.

The Department must receive comments no later than February 28,2014. Written
comments should be sent to the attention of Nancy Herb, Bureau of Air Quality, P. 

### 0. Box 8468, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468 or nherb@pa.gov. Use "Harrisburg/York PM 2

_ 5 Redesignation" as the subject line in written communication and specifY which document the comments are addressing.

E. CHRISTOPHER ABRUZZO, Secretary

[Pa.B. Doc. No. 14-198. Filed for public inspection January 24,2014, 9:00a.m.]

No part of the information on this site may be reproduced for profit or sold for profit.

This material has been drawn directly from the official Pennsylvania Bulletin full text database. Due to the limitations of HTML or differences in display capabilities of different browsers, this version may differ slightly from the official printed version.

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