Light-Duty Automotive Technology and 


Fuel Economy Trends: 


1975 through 2007


Appendix H: Data Stratified by 


Vehicle Type and Drive Type


Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division


and


Transportation and Climate Division


Office of Transportation and Air Quality


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

NOTICE 

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments. 

EPA420-R-07-008


September 2007

Table H-1 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Front Drive Cars 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

WT 

TON CU-FT CU-FT-

-MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1975 539 .065 23.4 18.1 22.9 20.0 2790 147 88 14.8 103 .704 .0303 27.6 

1976 561 .058 24.0 18.9 22.9 20.5 2844 163 95 14.3 105 .680 .0319 28.8 

1977 774 .068 26.2 20.3 25.5 22.3 2706 93.8 142 88 14.4 104 .692 .0315 30.6 2264 2876 

1978 1075 .096 26.8 20.9 25.7 22.8 2590 94.4 129 82 14.5 103 .693 .0310 30.1 2308 2838 

1979 1283 .119 26.4 20.7 25.1 22.5 2634 94.6 137 84 14.5 104 .674 .0312 29.8 2211 2835 

1980 2804 .297 26.9 20.8 26.3 23.0 2645 100.4 138 86 14.4 105 .652 .0320 30.7 2363 3087 

1981 3235 .370 28.6 22.2 27.7 24.4 2646 103.0 133 85 14.2 105 .672 .0321 32.6 2566 3349 

1982 3568 .456 30.2 23.2 29.7 25.7 2665 101.7 127 83 14.6 104 .677 .0310 34.5 2658 3512 

1983 3784 .473 30.3 23.5 29.5 25.9 2682 104.2 129 85 14.4 104 .681 .0317 35.0 2751 3641 

1984 5737 .537 29.7 23.0 29.0 25.3 2752 105.4 133 90 14.1 106 .694 .0325 35.2 2725 3709 

1985 6648 .616 29.4 22.6 28.9 25.1 2825 106.5 142 97 13.5 108 .712 .0344 35.7 2722 3800 

1986 7831 .711 29.9 22.8 29.4 25.4 2844 107.0 140 100 13.5 109 .730 .0347 36.4 2758 3893 

1987 8267 .770 29.7 22.6 29.1 25.2 2868 106.2 140 103 13.3 110 .752 .0354 36.3 2703 3854 

1988 8768 .817 30.0 22.5 29.3 25.3 2911 106.2 142 107 13.0 111 .775 .0364 36.9 2719 3927 

1989 8267 .825 29.3 21.8 28.8 24.6 2980 107.0 147 115 12.6 113 .803 .0381 36.8 2665 3941 

1990 7455 .846 28.6 21.1 28.3 24.0 3082 106.7 151 123 12.1 116 .844 .0397 37.1 2590 3966 

1991 7096 .832 28.9 21.2 28.4 24.2 3046 106.3 149 124 12.1 116 .859 .0402 36.9 2603 3931 

1992 6551 .808 28.4 20.5 28.2 23.7 3120 107.2 157 131 11.7 118 .868 .0416 37.1 2579 3986 

1993 7195 .851 29.0 20.8 28.5 24.1 3109 107.6 154 130 11.8 118 .871 .0414 37.5 2625 4044 

1994 7104 .844 28.9 20.7 28.5 24.0 3143 107.6 153 133 11.7 119 .895 .0417 37.8 2612 4066 

1995 7701 .820 29.2 20.6 28.9 24.2 3155 108.6 154 144 11.0 123 .956 .0450 38.2 2655 4150 

1996 6829 .865 29.0 20.3 28.5 23.9 3200 108.7 153 147 11.0 123 .974 .0454 38.2 2619 4159 

1997 7213 .865 29.1 20.3 28.6 23.9 3197 108.3 153 149 10.9 124 .985 .0459 38.3 2611 4149 

1998 6937 .870 29.2 20.2 28.5 23.9 3243 108.9 154 151 10.8 125 .998 .0462 38.8 2620 4225 

1999 7305 .872 28.7 19.8 28.0 23.5 3307 109.2 157 156 10.7 126 1.010 .0467 38.8 2579 4247 

2000 7752 .849 28.8 19.7 27.9 23.4 3313 110.3 156 158 10.6 126 1.030 .0473 38.8 2595 4283 

2001 7073 .841 29.2 19.9 28.0 23.6 3312 110.2 155 158 10.6 127 1.034 .0474 39.3 2631 4331 

2002 7052 .849 29.5 20.0 27.9 23.7 3320 110.9 157 163 10.4 128 1.056 .0486 39.5 2651 4379 

2003 6495 .817 30.1 20.2 28.4 24.1 3320 111.0 154 163 10.3 128 1.077 .0488 40.2 2702 4466 

2004 6094 .808 30.2 20.1 28.5 24.1 3356 111.6 157 169 10.1 130 1.096 .0499 40.7 2721 4540 

2005 6400 .797 31.1 20.6 28.9 24.7 3337 111.9 153 165 10.2 129 1.097 .0490 41.5 2804 4652 

2006 6226 .768 31.0 20.5 28.9 24.6 3387 112.2 155 172 10.0 131 1.130 .0503 42.0 2799 4712 

2007 5717 .754 31.5 20.9 29.2 24.9 3438 112.4 156 177 9.9 132 1.143 .0507 43.4 2863 4881 

Percent of Front Drive Cars: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 66.8 17.6 87.4 8.3 4.3 

1976 59.7 18.9 86.9 8.8 4.4 

1977 68.2 31.3 2.8 89.5 6.1 4.4 

1978 70.4 31.0 3.6 93.6 4.2 2.2 

1979 67.4 19.6 5.6 87.0 13.0 .0 

1980 48.8 1.0 9.5 1.6 6.8 67.8 32.2 .0 

1981 46.7 5.4 1.8 5.4 68.1 31.9 .0 

1982 41.0 32.2 5.0 13.9 2.7 71.0 29.0 .0 

1983 37.4 38.9 5.8 25.1 1.3 68.3 31.7 .0 

1984 30.3 42.4 8.6 27.9 1.6 69.0 31.0 .0 

1985 26.3 48.6 21.0 33.5 .7 63.3 29.4 7.2 

1986 27.1 52.4 33.1 34.2 .3 62.5 28.5 9.1 94.3 4.5 1.3 

1987 26.2 56.5 38.0 36.7 .0 66.3 24.7 9.0 82.1 11.7 6.1 

1988 25.5 64.6 48.5 35.1 67.5 23.8 8.7 76.9 11.1 12.0 

1989 21.7 68.6 .2 58.0 31.4 .0 61.0 29.3 9.7 73.1 12.9 14.0 

1990 19.7 73.1 .0 75.2 23.6 .0 61.1 28.8 10.1 65.6 5.4 29.0 

1991 21.0 73.7 77.5 22.3 .1 64.1 27.3 8.5 64.6 7.3 28.1 1.9 

1992 18.5 75.4 90.3 9.7 .0 61.6 27.3 11.1 65.5 5.5 29.0 3.4 

1993 18.7 76.3 91.9 8.1 60.4 29.7 9.9 62.1 3.5 34.5 3.8 

1994 17.4 78.8 93.9 6.1 61.3 26.3 12.4 56.2 2.2 41.6 7.7 

1995 16.8 82.4 98.6 1.4 60.4 27.5 12.1 46.3 1.3 52.4 9.9 

1996 14.6 84.4 .0 98.7 1.3 .1 56.2 33.3 10.6 38.9 1.1 60.0 11.6 

1997 13.1 86.1 .1 99.0 .9 .0 56.9 31.1 12.0 39.2 1.0 59.7 .0 9.7 

1998 11.5 88.0 .1 99.7 .2 .2 48.8 41.4 9.8 37.3 .9 61.3 .5 17.3 

1999 10.0 89.4 .0 99.8 .1 .1 47.4 42.0 10.5 33.7 1.1 64.0 1.2 15.9 

2000 9.7 89.3 .0 99.7 .3 46.5 36.1 17.4 33.5 .9 64.1 1.4 22.5 .1 

2001 9.9 88.8 .3 99.7 .3 50.1 34.0 15.9 32.7 .4 64.8 2.1 26.6 .0 

2002 9.5 89.8 .5 99.5 .5 45.7 38.9 15.4 30.3 .4 67.1 2.3 33.7 .4 

2003 10.0 88.8 1.1 99.5 .5 48.8 36.3 15.0 26.2 71.0 2.8 41.9 .7 

2004 8.5 89.6 1.7 99.6 .4 45.3 39.0 15.7 21.8 76.3 1.9 43.9 1.2 

2005 8.2 88.9 2.8 99.5 .5 43.7 42.0 14.3 21.3 77.8 .8 54.1 2.6 

2006 8.7 88.3 2.7 99.3 .7 46.2 36.9 16.9 18.2 81.7 .1 63.0 2.0 

2007 10.6 74.9 13.0 100.0 42.0 42.2 15.8 14.9 85.1 73.0 3.9 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-1 Appendix H 
Table H-2 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Rear Drive Cars 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

WT 

TON CU-FT CU-FT-

-MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1975 7698 .935 15.4 12.0 14.8 13.2 4146 298 139 14.1 112 .502 .0333 27.5 

1976 9161 .942 17.2 13.5 16.3 14.6 4133 294 136 14.4 111 .491 .0325 30.3 

1977 10526 .932 17.9 14.1 17.0 15.3 4034 111.6 289 136 13.9 112 .504 .0336 31.0 1744 3464 

1978 10100 .904 19.4 15.1 18.6 16.5 3694 110.6 264 129 13.6 112 .522 .0345 30.6 1865 3399 

1979 9474 .878 19.6 15.4 18.6 16.7 3604 110.8 253 124 13.7 111 .527 .0342 30.2 1882 3366 

1980 6553 .694 22.3 17.4 21.4 19.0 3296 105.9 209 107 14.2 108 .554 .0323 31.5 2043 3359 

1981 5436 .622 23.5 18.3 22.6 20.0 3333 108.6 211 107 14.4 107 .548 .0320 33.5 2203 3670 

1982 4188 .536 23.3 18.0 22.8 19.9 3384 109.9 216 112 14.1 109 .553 .0330 33.9 2217 3762 

1983 3973 .496 22.5 17.2 22.4 19.2 3547 113.6 236 123 13.6 111 .549 .0346 34.3 2200 3916 

1984 4830 .453 23.1 17.6 23.1 19.7 3514 110.1 234 125 13.3 113 .569 .0356 34.9 2190 3857 

1985 3918 .363 23.5 17.9 23.6 20.1 3576 110.6 240 135 12.7 116 .600 .0378 36.0 2226 4010 

1986 3068 .279 23.8 18.0 24.0 20.3 3547 107.7 239 139 12.3 117 .625 .0393 36.0 2190 3918 

1987 2347 .219 23.5 17.6 23.9 20.0 3608 107.7 241 147 12.0 120 .660 .0409 36.2 2163 3936 

1988 1879 .175 23.5 17.4 23.9 19.9 3689 110.8 248 157 11.6 122 .675 .0428 36.9 2221 4140 

1989 1654 .165 23.6 17.4 24.0 20.0 3708 111.7 244 153 11.9 121 .675 .0415 37.1 2240 4198 

1990 1268 .144 23.6 17.3 23.7 19.9 3724 108.5 235 159 11.7 123 .732 .0429 37.1 2159 4079 

1991 1310 .154 24.0 17.4 24.3 20.2 3726 109.3 240 177 10.7 129 .783 .0475 37.7 2208 4176 

1992 1467 .181 24.6 17.8 24.6 20.6 3760 113.6 228 179 10.7 129 .834 .0475 38.7 2345 4451 

1993 1161 .137 24.3 17.3 24.5 20.3 3814 113.1 243 189 10.5 132 .817 .0497 38.7 2297 4429 

1994 1274 .151 24.0 17.0 24.3 20.0 3841 111.3 252 198 10.0 135 .819 .0516 38.5 2233 4329 

1995 1585 .169 24.6 17.3 24.8 20.5 3783 109.0 230 194 10.1 134 .884 .0510 38.8 2239 4258 

1996 943 .120 24.3 16.9 24.7 20.2 3862 110.5 257 207 9.7 137 .828 .0535 39.0 2226 4350 

1997 977 .117 24.3 16.8 24.5 20.1 3827 109.6 244 209 9.5 139 .882 .0547 38.6 2203 4255 

1998 855 .107 24.5 16.9 24.4 20.2 3771 104.0 242 218 9.1 142 .924 .0577 38.2 2106 4002 

1999 888 .106 24.5 16.8 24.3 20.1 3799 105.7 242 226 8.8 145 .968 .0596 38.3 2128 4078 

2000 1186 .130 25.0 17.1 24.5 20.4 3699 103.5 229 228 8.7 146 1.020 .0610 37.8 2127 3954 

2001 1063 .126 24.8 16.9 24.3 20.3 3717 101.4 228 226 8.7 146 1.031 .0609 37.7 2065 3867 

2002 933 .112 24.5 16.6 23.8 19.9 3784 98.6 234 237 8.5 149 1.049 .0628 37.7 1964 3752 

2003 1151 .145 24.5 16.5 23.7 19.9 3872 100.8 230 245 8.4 150 1.095 .0636 38.5 2006 3944 

2004 1035 .137 24.3 16.2 23.8 19.7 3863 100.6 231 246 8.4 151 1.100 .0641 38.2 1991 3897 

2005 1163 .145 24.4 16.2 23.5 19.7 3955 104.7 236 259 8.3 154 1.150 .0658 39.0 2068 4147 

2006 1420 .175 24.5 16.2 23.7 19.8 3984 106.8 239 264 8.2 155 1.133 .0665 39.6 2125 4284 

2007 1288 .170 24.2 16.0 23.7 19.6 4044 104.9 254 284 7.8 160 1.162 .0704 39.8 2060 4215 

Percent of Rear Drive Cars: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 16.6 4.3 .3 53.2 24.4 22.4 

1976 14.5 2.2 .3 53.5 26.2 20.3 

1977 13.0 2.2 .3 49.2 25.9 24.9 

1978 14.9 7.4 2.3 .6 39.5 37.6 23.0 

1979 15.9 9.2 2.7 1.6 37.6 37.2 25.2 

1980 24.4 23.4 4.9 .3 3.5 48.0 35.7 16.2 

1981 20.3 53.3 6.6 3.1 6.3 41.0 39.4 19.6 

1982 19.5 68.0 9.2 6.4 6.4 43.6 33.1 23.4 

1983 14.3 76.4 13.5 14.1 2.9 35.7 33.9 30.4 

1984 16.1 77.7 22.8 20.8 1.8 42.7 28.0 29.2 

1985 15.1 77.0 22.9 31.3 1.3 40.8 29.2 30.0 

1986 17.0 74.4 46.0 14.9 .3 50.6 27.2 22.1 97.5 2.5 

1987 18.3 73.0 58.9 9.8 1.0 52.0 24.0 24.1 96.0 4.0 

1988 16.1 76.2 78.8 5.3 .0 51.1 16.2 32.7 95.5 1.5 3.0 

1989 14.9 75.9 83.3 10.7 .0 43.4 23.1 33.5 89.2 5.4 5.4 

1990 17.5 73.3 90.5 6.8 .2 41.1 29.8 29.1 77.9 5.1 17.0 4.2 

1991 15.8 75.2 79.5 20.1 .5 44.0 22.4 33.7 77.6 .3 22.1 5.6 

1992 10.6 83.0 85.7 14.0 .3 31.3 31.8 36.9 64.5 35.5 10.2 

1993 11.4 81.8 89.4 10.6 34.4 30.5 35.1 75.2 24.8 11.3 

1994 12.6 82.0 99.9 .1 42.1 25.8 32.1 73.8 26.2 10.3 

1995 12.9 80.5 99.6 .4 42.5 33.2 24.3 58.3 41.7 .0 10.2 

1996 14.5 79.6 99.7 .3 42.2 20.3 37.5 73.9 26.0 .0 13.1 

1997 13.9 85.9 99.7 .3 43.3 22.9 33.8 61.8 1.2 37.0 .1 24.7 

1998 15.7 84.0 99.6 .4 57.1 15.4 27.5 57.2 6.3 36.5 .1 27.5 

1999 15.9 83.3 99.5 .5 52.1 15.1 32.8 56.0 10.5 33.4 .1 25.8 

2000 18.3 79.3 99.6 .4 56.3 16.9 26.8 49.1 7.5 43.3 .0 29.0 

2001 16.8 82.8 100.0 58.9 13.8 27.3 41.7 12.8 45.4 .1 38.7 

2002 18.3 81.2 100.0 67.1 15.1 17.9 38.7 14.3 46.9 .1 36.5 

2003 15.5 84.5 100.0 58.5 16.7 24.8 32.4 15.6 51.9 .1 39.0 

2004 17.2 82.6 100.0 57.2 17.9 24.8 37.1 9.5 53.1 .2 46.9 

2005 13.1 86.6 99.4 .6 47.7 22.9 29.3 32.4 11.1 56.4 .0 43.2 

2006 12.4 86.9 99.6 .4 46.5 18.6 34.9 30.3 9.1 60.5 53.5 

2007 14.4 85.4 99.8 .2 45.1 20.5 34.4 36.8 7.0 56.2 54.9 .1 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-2 Appendix H 
Table H-3 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Four Wheel Drive Cars 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ DJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

WT 

TON CU-FT CU-FT-

-MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1979 37 .003 27.6 21.7 26.1 23.5 2500 100.5 97 67 16.0 98 .691 .0268 29.4 2360 2950 

1980 85 .009 20.9 16.7 19.2 17.8 3149 100.8 173 80 16.8 99 .541 .0257 28.0 1880 2819 

1981 61 .007 24.3 19.4 22.5 20.7 2929 102.7 157 83 15.4 101 .576 .0284 30.3 2224 3117 

1982 63 .008 25.3 20.1 23.4 21.5 3122 103.1 165 85 16.0 101 .564 .0271 33.4 2266 3439 

1983 245 .031 31.6 25.3 29.0 26.8 2689 98.9 118 75 15.7 100 .675 .0279 36.3 2722 3586 

1984 107 .010 27.6 21.9 25.9 23.5 2913 106.6 135 80 16.0 100 .643 .0274 34.4 2605 3672 

1985 224 .021 32.5 25.7 30.5 27.7 2584 115.8 101 71 15.9 99 .703 .0275 36.1 3259 4181 

1986 116 .011 26.9 21.1 25.3 22.8 2929 113.2 120 92 14.5 105 .789 .0312 33.5 2617 3793 

1987 118 .011 26.8 20.9 25.1 22.7 2928 114.7 115 92 14.5 105 .811 .0313 33.3 2631 3821 

1988 89 .008 28.8 22.4 26.5 24.2 2827 109.2 112 98 13.4 109 .890 .0346 34.2 2677 3752 

1989 96 .010 28.9 22.3 26.7 24.2 2845 95.3 115 107 12.6 112 .948 .0378 34.7 2304 3290 

1990 86 .010 26.8 20.3 25.4 22.4 3234 115.7 125 119 12.8 113 .959 .0367 36.3 2613 4210 

1991 118 .014 26.6 19.9 25.2 22.2 3289 109.5 130 145 11.6 121 1.104 .0433 36.5 2455 4006 

1992 90 .011 25.9 19.2 24.5 21.5 3492 109.1 140 191 9.8 137 1.400 .0552 37.5 2379 4102 

1993 100 .012 28.0 20.7 26.3 23.2 3216 111.2 127 130 12.1 117 1.008 .0400 37.2 2585 4154 

1994 36 .004 26.2 19.2 24.7 21.6 3442 117.3 140 140 12.0 118 .991 .0404 37.2 2556 4383 

1995 109 .012 27.7 20.0 26.3 22.8 3310 115.4 135 143 11.3 121 1.056 .0430 37.7 2639 4359 

1996 118 .015 26.7 19.1 25.4 21.9 3397 118.6 145 153 11.0 124 1.045 .0449 37.3 2623 4448 

1997 144 .017 27.3 19.3 26.0 22.3 3397 119.3 147 160 10.6 126 1.086 .0470 38.0 2683 4547 

1998 179 .023 26.5 18.7 25.2 21.6 3525 120.8 149 169 10.4 128 1.136 .0479 38.1 2626 4619 

1999 186 .022 26.2 18.2 25.2 21.4 3558 119.8 149 171 10.3 129 1.152 .0481 38.1 2576 4574 

2000 190 .021 26.3 18.4 24.7 21.3 3603 119.0 153 181 10.0 132 1.191 .0501 38.4 2554 4587 

2001 273 .032 25.2 17.5 23.8 20.5 3831 115.2 157 200 9.8 136 1.292 .0523 39.4 2375 4564 

2002 318 .038 25.8 17.7 24.4 20.8 3827 110.7 155 201 9.7 136 1.320 .0528 39.9 2326 4449 

2003 305 .038 25.5 17.4 24.0 20.6 3866 102.7 166 201 9.9 135 1.240 .0517 39.9 2187 4147 

2004 410 .054 24.8 16.8 23.4 19.9 4010 117.8 174 218 9.6 139 1.278 .0545 40.0 2359 4765 

2005 462 .058 25.0 16.8 23.4 20.1 3965 121.0 178 226 9.2 142 1.293 .0568 39.8 2444 4844 

2006 463 .057 25.2 17.0 23.6 20.2 3997 119.9 181 237 8.9 145 1.329 .0591 40.5 2440 4869 

2007 575 .076 25.1 16.8 23.8 20.2 4059 116.7 194 244 8.8 147 1.282 .0599 41.0 2367 4805 

Percent of Four Wheel Drive Cars: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1979 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1980 53.5 100.0 .0 .0 

1981 73.3 26.7 100.0 .0 .0 

1982 67.5 32.5 100.0 .0 .0 

1983 55.8 14.5 1.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1984 59.2 35.4 7.8 100.0 .0 .0 

1985 54.0 36.7 9.8 93.1 6.9 .0 

1986 72.4 .0 34.7 90.3 9.7 .0 100.0 

1987 69.7 .5 27.6 6.8 94.9 5.1 .0 94.9 5.1 

1988 76.8 6.2 35.2 44.3 95.3 4.7 .0 75.2 14.7 10.1 

1989 60.9 15.4 78.1 21.0 77.1 22.9 .0 58.2 1.1 40.7 

1990 45.8 45.1 2.4 82.1 17.9 95.0 5.0 .0 28.6 5.9 65.5 

1991 42.4 45.0 3.1 87.5 12.5 97.3 2.7 .0 15.1 5.2 79.6 

1992 49.3 38.0 .1 100.0 97.7 2.3 .0 37.7 .5 61.9 

1993 32.6 63.9 .8 93.4 6.6 93.8 6.2 .0 14.6 2.0 83.3 

1994 29.2 61.6 100.0 98.4 1.6 .0 83.3 16.7 

1995 30.7 69.3 100.0 55.1 44.9 .0 5.8 94.2 

1996 31.0 67.5 100.0 44.4 55.6 .0 15.4 84.6 2.4 

1997 27.9 72.1 100.0 45.3 54.7 .0 11.3 84.8 4.0 1.4 

1998 24.3 75.7 100.0 36.7 63.3 .0 1.2 77.8 21.0 17.9 

1999 22.7 77.1 100.0 36.7 63.3 .0 1.2 70.9 27.9 22.7 

2000 25.4 74.4 100.0 32.0 67.6 .3 69.0 31.0 23.7 

2001 27.7 71.9 100.0 39.9 59.4 .7 3.7 56.7 39.6 32.9 

2002 27.5 72.2 100.0 59.5 40.3 .2 2.9 72.1 25.1 30.3 

2003 17.1 82.9 100.0 64.4 34.6 1.0 9.4 1.9 65.9 22.7 33.2 

2004 17.2 82.7 100.0 54.7 28.6 16.7 6.8 73.5 19.6 40.8 

2005 14.1 78.8 7.0 100.0 42.4 37.3 20.3 1.3 6.5 83.1 9.1 39.0 

2006 15.8 78.4 5.9 100.0 41.2 37.4 21.4 2.9 4.8 89.2 3.2 59.0 

2007 14.0 79.5 6.5 99.7 .3 37.4 39.3 23.3 5.3 .2 94.0 .5 45.7 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-3 Appendix H 
Table H-4 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Front Drive Vans 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1981 1 .003 17.9 13.8 17.5 15.2 4115 318 135 13.7 111 .425 .0329 31.3 

1983 0 .002 39.0 33.5 32.3 32.9 2250 97 52 18.3 93 .536 .0231 37.2 

1984 151 .223 24.7 19.6 23.1 21.0 3340 143 97 15.3 104 .680 .0293 35.3 

1985 260 .304 23.7 18.9 21.9 20.1 3422 148 100 15.2 104 .681 .0294 34.5 

1986 255 .244 24.4 19.2 22.8 20.7 3442 150 100 15.4 104 .669 .0291 35.7 

1987 307 .275 24.6 19.1 23.1 20.8 3503 163 122 13.6 111 .741 .0347 36.4 

1988 411 .363 24.1 18.3 23.1 20.3 3714 173 133 13.2 114 .765 .0359 37.7 

1989 439 .344 24.1 18.4 22.8 20.2 3724 168 131 13.5 113 .776 .0350 37.7 

1990 590 .468 23.9 17.9 23.0 20.0 3828 184 135 13.3 113 .733 .0354 38.4 

1991 395 .382 23.8 17.9 22.5 19.9 3919 186 136 13.5 113 .727 .0346 38.9 

1992 554 .454 23.8 17.6 22.7 19.8 3894 187 138 13.2 114 .742 .0355 38.6 

1993 718 .498 23.8 17.4 22.9 19.8 3838 188 143 12.7 116 .763 .0373 37.9 

1994 741 .523 23.5 17.1 22.5 19.5 3902 193 145 12.7 116 .755 .0373 38.1 

1995 1019 .613 23.5 16.9 22.8 19.5 3889 206 146 12.6 117 .722 .0375 37.9 

1996 1040 .738 23.5 16.7 22.7 19.4 4061 202 166 11.8 122 .824 .0409 39.4 

1997 819 .647 23.5 16.7 22.7 19.4 4048 195 161 12.0 120 .832 .0400 39.2 

1998 1166 .783 23.8 16.7 23.1 19.6 4025 201 173 11.3 124 .864 .0431 39.4 

1999 1112 .760 23.5 16.4 22.9 19.3 4147 204 175 11.4 124 .863 .0423 40.0 

2000 1363 .806 23.8 16.5 23.0 19.4 4168 202 178 11.4 124 .888 .0427 40.5 

2001 854 .693 24.3 16.7 23.3 19.8 4242 201 189 10.9 128 .946 .0447 42.0 

2002 1048 .843 24.0 16.5 22.9 19.5 4318 207 197 10.8 129 .959 .0458 42.1 

2003 1029 .835 24.4 16.6 23.2 19.7 4293 209 199 10.6 130 .955 .0464 42.3 

2004 825 .866 24.3 16.3 23.4 19.6 4428 212 212 10.4 133 1.007 .0480 43.5 

2005 1321 .892 24.4 16.3 23.3 19.6 4392 212 208 10.5 132 .984 .0474 43.2 

2006 1031 .897 24.8 16.5 23.7 19.9 4401 213 210 10.4 132 .994 .0478 44.0 

2007 883 .923 24.8 16.5 23.7 20.0 4398 215 223 10.0 136 1.035 .0505 43.9 

Percent of Front Drive Vans: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1981 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 

1983 33.3 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1984 25.1 5.6 1.3 11.0 89.0 .0 

1985 12.4 4.4 .1 6.7 93.3 .0 

1986 8.7 6.1 .1 9.0 91.0 .0 

1987 5.5 54.1 51.6 .2 8.4 91.6 .0 

1988 3.0 78.4 79.2 20.8 2.9 97.1 .0 

1989 2.6 58.8 72.7 27.3 2.2 97.8 .0 

1990 1.9 96.7 67.9 32.1 2.9 97.1 .0 

1991 .2 99.8 70.5 29.5 1.6 98.4 .0 

1992 2.4 97.6 82.0 18.0 6.1 93.9 .0 

1993 1.6 98.4 88.8 11.2 1.7 98.3 .0 

1994 .6 99.4 90.8 9.2 1.0 99.0 .0 99.7 .3 

1995 .1 99.9 93.2 6.8 .2 99.7 .2 96.7 3.3 

1996 100.0 100.0 .1 99.9 .0 94.4 5.6 

1997 100.0 100.0 .0 99.8 .2 92.5 7.5 

1998 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 88.0 12.0 

1999 100.0 100.0 .0 99.9 .1 83.6 16.4 10.8 

2000 100.0 100.0 .0 99.9 .1 73.2 26.8 18.6 

2001 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 67.4 32.6 24.5 

2002 100.0 100.0 .0 99.9 .1 66.3 33.7 24.7 

2003 100.0 100.0 .0 99.6 .4 69.1 30.9 23.5 

2004 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 42.7 57.3 50.1 

2005 97.0 3.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 62.0 38.0 26.2 

2006 96.7 3.3 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 50.9 49.1 39.6 

2007 97.4 2.6 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 49.7 50.3 47.4 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-4 Appendix H 
Table H-5 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Rear Drive Vans 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 457 1.000 13.1 10.6 11.9 11.1 4196 317 143 13.9 113 .448 .0341 23.8 

1976 502 1.000 13.9 11.1 12.8 11.8 4200 324 146 13.7 114 .447 .0347 25.2 

1977 514 1.000 14.7 11.9 13.3 12.5 4252 332 152 13.3 116 .458 .0359 26.9 

1978 625 1.000 14.2 11.6 12.7 12.1 4249 329 149 13.4 115 .453 .0351 26.1 

1979 480 1.000 13.5 11.1 12.1 11.5 4541 322 144 14.6 111 .451 .0317 26.5 

1980 242 1.000 16.6 13.3 15.4 14.1 4353 288 130 15.2 108 .459 .0299 31.0 

1981 244 .997 17.5 14.0 16.0 14.8 4325 284 129 15.3 108 .458 .0298 32.3 

1982 310 1.000 17.3 13.9 15.9 14.7 4342 287 132 15.2 109 .463 .0303 32.3 

1983 382 .998 17.7 14.1 16.5 15.1 4418 295 136 15.0 109 .466 .0307 33.7 

1984 525 .777 17.7 14.0 16.6 15.1 4286 280 134 14.8 110 .497 .0311 32.9 

1985 593 .693 18.0 14.3 16.8 15.3 4222 275 142 14.0 112 .533 .0335 32.9 

1986 776 .743 19.5 15.3 18.4 16.6 4198 255 137 14.2 111 .559 .0327 35.1 

1987 786 .705 19.6 15.2 18.7 16.6 4169 253 151 13.1 116 .622 .0362 34.9 

1988 713 .630 19.8 15.1 19.0 16.7 4256 262 155 12.9 117 .615 .0366 35.7 

1989 829 .649 19.8 15.0 19.1 16.7 4239 257 155 13.0 117 .627 .0366 35.7 

1990 589 .467 19.3 14.5 18.6 16.2 4369 270 162 12.8 118 .619 .0372 35.6 

1991 526 .509 20.1 15.0 19.3 16.8 4305 249 157 12.9 117 .664 .0366 36.4 

1992 600 .491 19.8 14.7 19.0 16.6 4360 256 163 12.7 118 .664 .0375 36.3 

1993 658 .456 20.2 14.9 19.5 16.9 4350 249 166 12.5 119 .692 .0383 36.8 

1994 585 .413 19.5 14.3 18.6 16.2 4439 268 176 12.1 122 .669 .0397 36.1 

1995 492 .296 19.0 13.9 18.0 15.7 4535 289 186 11.7 124 .660 .0414 35.8 

1996 336 .239 19.2 13.9 18.2 15.9 4560 273 185 11.9 123 .691 .0406 36.3 

1997 387 .306 19.8 14.2 18.8 16.3 4579 269 200 11.2 128 .748 .0436 37.3 

1998 274 .184 19.5 13.9 18.5 16.0 4759 280 209 11.1 129 .750 .0441 38.1 

1999 311 .213 18.9 13.5 17.8 15.5 4822 285 208 11.3 128 .731 .0431 37.3 

2000 282 .167 19.1 13.6 17.8 15.6 4718 283 208 11.1 129 .735 .0440 36.9 

2001 272 .221 18.9 13.3 17.9 15.4 4958 290 225 10.8 132 .779 .0454 38.3 

2002 157 .126 18.7 13.2 17.2 15.1 4807 284 213 11.0 130 .752 .0445 36.5 

2003 141 .114 19.4 13.6 17.7 15.6 4930 283 218 11.1 130 .767 .0441 38.6 

2004 81 .085 20.1 13.9 18.5 16.2 4947 281 221 10.9 131 .785 .0448 39.9 

2005 79 .054 19.9 13.8 18.2 16.0 4846 277 214 11.1 129 .769 .0442 38.6 

2006 53 .046 19.4 13.5 17.7 15.6 5136 281 222 11.3 129 .786 .0432 40.1 

2007 26 .027 19.9 13.8 18.1 15.9 5438 295 248 10.9 133 .830 .0452 43.3 

Percent of Rear Drive Vans: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 23.3 .2 .4 66.1 33.6 

1976 20.5 .3 .3 61.4 38.3 

1977 14.3 .4 .4 61.0 38.6 

1978 13.0 .4 .4 63.8 35.8 

1979 14.8 6.8 1.8 1.8 65.1 33.1 

1980 26.0 39.0 6.5 6.5 53.8 39.7 

1981 21.7 46.8 4.6 4.6 56.1 39.3 

1982 15.7 45.8 3.0 1.8 4.8 58.0 37.2 

1983 12.0 59.4 3.5 4.4 3.6 60.2 36.2 

1984 12.7 57.1 8.6 4.0 1.2 12.6 54.3 33.1 

1985 8.4 66.5 9.1 4.2 .4 12.3 60.3 27.4 

1986 6.9 78.8 29.4 21.9 .5 8.5 70.9 20.6 

1987 5.1 74.1 43.0 42.8 .1 10.0 72.2 17.8 

1988 3.1 79.6 43.5 56.0 .2 4.9 75.9 19.2 

1989 2.5 86.3 49.9 50.0 .1 2.2 80.7 17.1 

1990 1.0 90.4 44.4 55.4 .1 1.1 80.6 18.2 

1991 1.5 94.3 53.1 46.7 .1 .8 84.8 14.4 

1992 .7 95.2 60.3 39.6 .1 .0 84.5 15.5 

1993 .8 95.6 66.3 33.7 .0 83.8 16.2 

1994 .3 94.7 66.6 33.4 .0 80.9 19.1 97.4 .2 2.4 

1995 94.4 71.6 28.4 .0 79.2 20.8 96.7 3.3 

1996 93.2 100.0 .0 67.4 32.6 94.7 3.2 2.1 

1997 98.6 100.0 .0 64.4 35.6 96.9 2.2 .9 

1998 100.0 100.0 .0 51.8 48.2 97.7 2.3 

1999 100.0 100.0 .0 45.4 54.6 100.0 

2000 100.0 100.0 .0 40.5 59.5 100.0 

2001 100.0 100.0 .0 19.8 80.2 100.0 

2002 100.0 100.0 .0 29.3 70.7 100.0 

2003 100.0 100.0 .0 29.4 70.6 100.0 

2004 100.0 100.0 .0 31.4 68.6 100.0 

2005 100.0 100.0 .0 35.1 64.9 100.0 

2006 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 100.0 

2007 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 100.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-5 Appendix H 
Table H-6 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Four Wheel Drive Vans 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1985 3 .003 25.0 19.2 24.8 21.4 3000 122 88 14.9 103 .721 .0293 32.0 

1986 13 .013 25.1 19.1 24.8 21.4 3000 122 88 14.9 103 .721 .0293 32.0 

1987 21 .019 24.2 19.0 22.4 20.5 3459 128 94 15.8 102 .739 .0276 35.6 

1988 9 .008 26.2 20.0 25.1 22.1 3378 125 97 15.2 104 .777 .0289 37.2 

1989 9 .007 23.4 17.9 22.0 19.6 3567 135 106 15.1 105 .781 .0299 35.1 

1990 83 .066 20.1 15.2 19.1 16.9 4050 202 151 12.7 117 .765 .0375 34.2 

1991 113 .109 20.6 15.5 19.6 17.2 4076 200 152 12.6 117 .778 .0374 35.1 

1992 67 .055 20.3 15.1 19.3 16.9 4409 212 161 12.9 117 .774 .0366 37.2 

1993 65 .045 20.3 15.0 19.5 16.9 4571 229 174 12.5 120 .765 .0381 38.7 

1994 91 .064 20.7 15.1 19.9 17.2 4408 219 169 12.4 120 .781 .0383 37.8 

1995 150 .091 21.7 15.7 20.9 18.0 4209 208 159 12.5 118 .775 .0378 37.8 

1996 33 .023 20.0 14.5 19.0 16.5 4727 244 177 12.6 120 .735 .0375 39.0 

1997 59 .047 20.0 14.3 19.0 16.4 4693 243 179 12.4 120 .741 .0380 38.6 

1998 48 .032 20.2 14.4 19.3 16.6 4713 238 180 12.4 121 .762 .0382 39.2 

1999 40 .027 20.4 14.4 19.3 16.7 4747 250 186 12.1 122 .745 .0393 39.6 

2000 46 .027 20.5 14.5 19.2 16.7 4764 252 181 12.4 120 .717 .0380 39.9 

2001 107 .087 17.3 12.1 16.5 14.2 5614 300 241 11.3 130 .805 .0428 40.0 

2002 38 .030 19.8 13.8 18.8 16.1 4772 240 195 11.7 125 .824 .0411 39.1 

2003 62 .050 20.7 14.3 19.5 16.8 4839 239 202 11.6 126 .854 .0416 41.0 

2004 47 .049 21.6 14.8 20.1 17.4 4731 228 222 10.5 133 .994 .0471 41.4 

2005 81 .055 22.4 15.4 20.6 18.0 4645 206 213 10.7 131 1.051 .0460 41.9 

2006 65 .057 23.0 15.7 21.2 18.4 4637 201 212 10.7 131 1.064 .0457 42.7 

2007 48 .050 23.2 15.9 21.2 18.5 4585 206 240 9.7 140 1.174 .0525 42.5 

Percent of Four Wheel Drive Vans: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1985 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1986 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1987 77.1 22.9 67.5 100.0 .0 .0 

1988 89.7 10.3 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1989 61.4 37.2 100.0 82.6 17.4 .0 

1990 3.2 92.5 85.0 15.0 8.4 91.6 .0 

1991 4.5 95.4 85.9 14.1 3.8 96.2 .0 

1992 3.3 96.7 91.1 8.9 9.3 90.7 .0 

1993 .2 99.5 100.0 .3 99.4 .3 

1994 .5 99.5 97.5 2.5 4.0 96.0 .0 65.1 31.7 3.2 

1995 .4 99.6 100.0 2.9 97.1 .0 83.0 10.9 6.2 

1996 .1 99.9 100.0 .4 99.6 .0 84.7 11.8 3.6 

1997 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 89.8 8.0 2.2 

1998 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 82.1 17.9 

1999 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 100.0 

2000 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 100.0 

2001 100.0 100.0 .0 28.9 71.1 100.0 

2002 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 100.0 

2003 100.0 100.0 .0 88.4 11.6 100.0 

2004 100.0 100.0 .0 90.7 9.3 44.4 55.6 55.6 

2005 55.2 44.8 100.0 .0 95.2 4.8 25.2 74.8 30.0 

2006 50.7 49.3 100.0 .0 93.9 6.1 18.8 81.2 31.9 

2007 56.3 43.7 100.0 .0 93.5 6.5 6.5 93.5 49.8 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-6 Appendix H 
Table H-7 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Front Drive SUVs 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1994 9 .005 20.4 15.5 18.4 16.8 4000 183 160 12.0 120 .871 .0401 33.6 

1995 0 .000 25.6 18.8 23.5 21.0 3500 122 94 16.0 102 .770 .0269 36.7 

1996 18 .010 30.6 22.4 27.9 24.9 2947 122 120 11.7 116 .984 .0408 36.7 

1997 30 .012 29.7 21.7 26.6 24.0 2987 122 120 11.8 116 .984 .0402 35.9 

1998 47 .018 29.1 21.2 25.8 23.4 3204 121 125 12.1 116 1.035 .0394 37.4 

1999 75 .027 27.5 19.9 24.4 22.1 3466 139 161 10.8 126 1.148 .0459 38.2 

2000 79 .025 26.8 19.3 23.8 21.5 3561 145 170 10.6 128 1.163 .0471 38.2 

2001 476 .138 24.8 17.2 23.2 20.1 3960 190 188 10.4 130 1.018 .0479 39.7 

2002 395 .094 26.3 18.2 24.2 21.1 3658 165 180 10.2 131 1.099 .0493 38.6 

2003 473 .115 26.5 18.3 24.2 21.2 3636 163 177 10.3 130 1.088 .0487 38.5 

2004 579 .123 26.0 17.7 24.0 20.8 3821 182 192 10.1 133 1.062 .0504 39.7 

2005 698 .171 26.3 18.0 23.7 20.9 3764 175 187 10.1 132 1.069 .0496 39.3 

2006 735 .201 26.5 18.1 24.0 21.0 3868 179 189 10.2 131 1.058 .0488 40.9 

2007 905 .210 26.9 18.4 24.3 21.4 3909 179 197 10.0 133 1.103 .0503 41.9 

Percent of Front Drive SUVs: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1994 54.8 45.2 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 26.2 73.8 

1995 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 .0 100.0 

1996 23.2 76.8 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 

1997 27.1 72.9 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 

1998 13.0 87.0 100.0 59.1 40.9 .0 100.0 

1999 5.8 94.2 100.0 36.5 63.5 .0 100.0 29.7 

2000 3.2 96.8 100.0 27.2 72.8 .0 100.0 39.4 

2001 3.7 96.3 100.0 8.5 84.1 7.4 45.5 54.5 23.0 

2002 6.1 93.7 .3 100.0 18.1 72.2 9.7 18.1 81.9 43.1 

2003 7.3 82.4 10.3 100.0 11.4 83.6 5.0 7.6 92.4 42.5 

2004 5.1 88.0 6.9 100.0 6.9 83.8 9.3 13.8 86.2 51.0 

2005 4.1 90.7 5.2 100.0 5.8 71.8 22.4 17.4 82.6 37.1 .6 

2006 2.4 89.6 8.1 100.0 .0 75.7 24.3 9.1 90.9 46.4 3.9 

2007 3.2 86.2 10.6 100.0 .0 74.0 26.0 12.6 87.4 56.0 4.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-7 Appendix H 
Table H-8 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Rear Drive SUVs 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 30 .159 13.3 10.6 12.5 11.3 4374 324 148 13.8 113 .452 .0335 25.1 

1976 36 .147 13.2 10.3 12.6 11.2 4423 326 145 14.1 112 .445 .0327 25.5 

1977 49 .175 14.6 11.6 13.5 12.4 4379 317 146 13.9 113 .461 .0332 27.7 

1978 44 .115 13.8 10.9 13.0 11.8 4410 316 147 13.7 113 .470 .0334 26.4 

1979 123 .307 11.6 9.7 9.9 9.8 4915 344 144 15.6 109 .430 .0292 24.2 

1980 21 .112 14.5 11.4 13.6 12.3 5039 341 161 14.2 113 .472 .0321 31.1 

1981 13 .096 16.0 12.8 14.7 13.6 4895 326 162 13.9 114 .497 .0330 33.3 

1982 33 .205 20.4 16.3 19.0 17.4 4138 267 126 14.8 109 .492 .0313 36.0 

1983 56 .193 21.1 16.6 19.9 18.0 3921 237 122 14.5 108 .548 .0316 35.6 

1984 93 .150 19.8 15.3 19.3 16.9 4112 247 128 14.5 109 .549 .0313 35.1 

1985 144 .196 20.1 15.4 20.1 17.2 4033 237 128 14.3 109 .571 .0318 35.0 

1986 107 .139 19.6 15.0 19.1 16.6 4142 248 139 13.7 112 .603 .0338 34.5 

1987 140 .161 20.6 15.5 20.5 17.5 4074 232 151 12.7 117 .676 .0372 35.4 

1988 158 .163 20.7 15.5 20.4 17.5 4064 244 155 12.3 118 .662 .0387 35.3 

1989 161 .174 20.6 15.4 20.2 17.4 4078 262 163 11.9 121 .641 .0405 35.3 

1990 114 .161 20.0 14.9 19.5 16.8 4290 264 170 12.0 121 .666 .0400 35.7 

1991 256 .234 21.2 15.9 20.1 17.7 3918 228 151 12.5 118 .674 .0384 34.6 

1992 277 .277 20.9 15.6 19.7 17.4 3882 221 158 12.0 120 .726 .0406 33.7 

1993 531 .405 20.1 14.8 19.3 16.7 3994 247 181 11.0 127 .745 .0453 33.4 

1994 379 .234 20.9 15.4 19.8 17.4 3990 230 170 11.5 124 .761 .0427 34.4 

1995 377 .208 20.3 14.8 19.3 16.8 4179 240 168 12.0 122 .728 .0406 35.0 

1996 529 .280 20.6 14.8 19.6 17.0 4199 241 180 11.4 125 .769 .0430 35.6 

1997 666 .272 20.7 15.0 19.5 17.0 4222 240 186 11.1 126 .800 .0440 35.8 

1998 701 .271 20.6 14.8 19.4 16.9 4223 247 190 10.9 128 .792 .0450 35.6 

1999 896 .317 20.0 14.2 18.8 16.4 4455 263 203 10.8 129 .793 .0454 36.3 

2000 954 .304 20.3 14.4 18.9 16.5 4360 248 198 10.9 129 .818 .0453 36.0 

2001 902 .261 20.5 14.6 18.8 16.6 4382 244 209 10.4 132 .878 .0476 36.2 

2002 1124 .268 20.1 14.0 18.7 16.3 4626 256 229 10.1 136 .905 .0496 37.6 

2003 1042 .253 19.7 13.7 18.4 16.0 4901 270 244 10.0 138 .911 .0501 39.0 

2004 1064 .226 19.9 13.7 18.5 16.0 4874 274 250 9.8 140 .919 .0516 38.9 

2005 742 .182 20.1 13.7 18.8 16.2 4980 273 262 9.6 142 .965 .0527 40.4 

2006 679 .185 20.4 13.9 19.2 16.5 4836 262 252 9.7 140 .965 .0522 39.9 

2007 832 .193 20.7 14.0 19.7 16.8 5239 288 276 9.6 143 .964 .0529 43.9 

Percent of Rear Drive SUVs: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 33.4 21.1 47.9 31.1 

1976 35.8 23.6 41.7 34.7 

1977 42.3 30.3 41.1 28.6 

1978 46.4 30.1 37.4 32.5 

1979 19.9 1.8 10.8 14.7 74.5 

1980 14.9 84.2 .0 .0 20.4 79.6 

1981 2.3 97.7 .0 19.6 80.4 

1982 1.7 60.7 23.5 32.9 20.7 46.4 

1983 11.6 63.9 11.4 22.6 39.5 38.0 

1984 11.5 74.6 5.6 3.3 60.3 36.4 

1985 9.7 78.8 3.3 2.5 .0 72.6 27.4 

1986 10.0 86.0 .0 47.9 2.3 .0 63.4 36.5 

1987 9.6 87.6 22.1 70.4 .9 16.3 57.8 25.9 

1988 17.0 81.3 33.3 65.6 .7 24.3 49.8 25.8 

1989 19.5 78.5 29.9 68.6 .6 21.4 52.7 25.9 

1990 20.9 73.9 38.5 57.8 .7 23.7 40.2 36.2 

1991 20.0 79.2 45.3 53.7 .3 18.3 72.0 9.8 

1992 22.5 77.5 63.6 35.3 17.4 73.8 8.8 

1993 10.2 89.8 83.0 16.4 9.1 82.3 8.6 

1994 17.6 75.8 78.4 21.6 16.3 68.9 14.8 91.6 8.4 

1995 15.2 84.8 77.5 22.5 6.7 76.1 17.1 88.8 11.2 

1996 10.2 89.8 100.0 4.4 84.5 11.1 74.8 25.2 

1997 11.5 85.2 100.0 11.4 66.3 22.3 66.6 33.4 

1998 6.8 93.2 100.0 7.9 63.1 28.9 74.5 5.6 19.8 

1999 4.4 95.6 100.0 4.3 56.2 39.5 76.1 4.0 19.9 

2000 3.6 96.4 100.0 11.5 54.3 34.2 75.5 3.8 20.7 .6 

2001 3.4 96.6 100.0 11.6 46.7 41.7 74.4 25.6 5.1 

2002 2.3 97.7 100.0 3.9 35.3 60.8 63.2 36.8 13.5 

2003 1.0 99.0 100.0 .6 36.3 63.1 64.6 35.4 19.5 

2004 1.1 98.9 100.0 .9 35.1 64.0 59.3 40.7 27.5 

2005 .9 99.1 100.0 .6 32.2 67.1 46.0 9.0 45.0 42.9 

2006 1.0 99.0 100.0 .0 49.3 50.7 41.1 11.5 47.4 50.2 

2007 1.2 98.8 99.6 .4 2.2 27.6 70.2 53.9 17.3 28.9 42.4 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-8 Appendix H 
Table H-9 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Four Wheel Drive SUVs 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 157 .841 12.9 10.6 11.5 11.0 4169 329 145 13.2 115 .440 .0361 22.6 

1976 208 .853 13.9 11.3 12.5 11.8 4293 337 140 14.0 112 .412 .0332 25.1 

1977 234 .825 15.2 12.3 13.7 12.9 4200 335 143 13.5 113 .425 .0345 26.9 

1978 336 .885 14.5 11.7 13.2 12.3 4251 342 149 13.2 115 .433 .0353 26.0 

1979 278 .693 13.0 10.8 11.4 11.1 4329 325 143 13.9 113 .442 .0336 23.9 

1980 164 .888 15.7 12.6 14.2 13.3 4135 289 127 14.8 108 .451 .0306 27.6 

1981 123 .904 16.9 13.5 15.6 14.4 4134 286 128 14.5 109 .456 .0313 29.8 

1982 129 .795 17.0 13.6 15.8 14.5 4403 300 130 15.1 108 .443 .0300 32.7 

1983 233 .807 18.6 14.6 17.8 15.9 4188 257 124 15.1 107 .513 .0300 33.8 

1984 531 .850 19.2 15.1 18.2 16.3 3979 223 119 15.1 107 .561 .0299 33.0 

1985 592 .804 19.7 15.4 19.1 16.8 4014 210 120 15.1 107 .594 .0297 34.2 

1986 666 .861 20.3 15.9 19.3 17.2 3885 200 125 14.2 110 .666 .0323 33.8 

1987 733 .839 20.7 16.0 19.7 17.5 3795 204 134 13.4 113 .688 .0352 33.3 

1988 810 .837 20.4 15.7 19.3 17.2 3819 214 141 12.9 115 .691 .0370 32.9 

1989 765 .826 19.8 15.2 18.7 16.7 4005 237 153 12.5 118 .671 .0385 33.6 

1990 594 .839 19.8 15.0 18.8 16.6 3998 226 151 12.6 117 .701 .0381 33.1 

1991 839 .766 20.1 15.1 19.2 16.8 4117 230 160 12.3 119 .712 .0391 34.7 

1992 726 .723 19.5 14.5 18.6 16.3 4162 232 168 11.9 122 .741 .0409 33.9 

1993 780 .595 19.7 14.6 18.7 16.4 4267 239 177 11.6 124 .761 .0421 35.0 

1994 1235 .761 19.4 14.4 18.3 16.1 4278 240 179 11.6 124 .763 .0422 34.5 

1995 1439 .792 19.4 14.3 18.2 16.0 4275 241 178 11.6 124 .761 .0420 34.3 

1996 1343 .711 19.7 14.3 18.7 16.3 4335 258 188 11.3 126 .744 .0436 35.3 

1997 1754 .716 19.8 14.3 18.5 16.2 4392 250 187 11.4 125 .770 .0426 35.6 

1998 1833 .710 19.7 14.2 18.6 16.2 4414 249 188 11.4 126 .781 .0428 35.8 

1999 1859 .657 20.0 14.3 18.6 16.3 4411 241 197 11.0 128 .847 .0448 36.0 

2000 2110 .671 19.8 14.1 18.3 16.1 4536 247 202 11.0 128 .842 .0446 36.5 

2001 2072 .601 20.2 14.4 18.5 16.4 4472 232 208 10.6 131 .930 .0466 36.6 

2002 2671 .637 20.2 14.2 18.6 16.3 4585 238 224 10.2 135 .962 .0489 37.4 

2003 2602 .632 20.5 14.3 19.0 16.6 4672 239 227 10.2 135 .978 .0487 38.6 

2004 3069 .651 20.6 14.2 19.1 16.6 4703 245 237 10.0 137 .989 .0503 38.9 

2005 2643 .647 21.0 14.4 19.4 16.9 4675 236 238 9.9 138 1.025 .0508 39.5 

2006 2249 .614 21.7 14.9 19.8 17.4 4626 230 235 9.9 137 1.035 .0506 40.4 

2007 2564 .596 22.0 15.1 20.2 17.7 4675 232 247 9.6 140 1.080 .0525 41.5 

Percent of Four Wheel Drive SUVs: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 42.9 30.0 69.1 .9 

1976 33.6 24.7 73.5 1.8 

1977 34.6 24.3 74.3 1.4 

1978 32.8 23.1 75.3 1.6 

1979 39.2 .3 32.8 60.9 6.3 

1980 47.2 18.8 2.6 37.0 58.7 4.3 

1981 45.0 35.1 34.7 62.4 2.9 

1982 37.0 37.4 13.2 24.5 70.7 4.8 

1983 37.0 48.2 5.6 18.3 77.7 4.0 

1984 32.5 37.4 1.7 26.7 70.5 2.8 

1985 32.3 55.6 4.8 1.1 1.2 19.5 77.5 3.0 

1986 41.7 50.9 27.8 22.1 1.4 26.5 70.6 2.9 

1987 42.1 48.5 35.1 36.3 .3 31.6 65.6 2.8 

1988 36.6 55.3 50.2 31.1 .2 30.8 65.7 3.5 

1989 27.5 63.8 49.5 42.9 .2 25.3 70.5 4.2 

1990 31.3 65.0 60.9 33.3 .2 27.4 67.5 5.2 

1991 22.4 76.0 63.9 35.5 .1 10.6 85.9 3.5 

1992 22.4 76.7 76.7 23.3 11.1 81.9 7.0 

1993 20.2 78.8 87.5 12.5 12.2 77.1 10.7 

1994 15.9 84.1 88.5 11.5 10.2 80.6 9.2 86.0 5.6 8.4 

1995 15.3 84.7 87.8 12.2 11.4 77.1 11.5 83.2 16.8 

1996 6.2 93.8 100.0 .0 5.9 80.5 13.6 88.2 11.8 

1997 11.4 88.6 100.0 .0 21.8 54.7 23.4 80.5 19.5 

1998 8.5 91.5 100.0 12.7 63.4 24.0 79.6 20.4 

1999 7.3 92.7 100.0 13.4 65.1 21.5 72.2 .9 26.9 3.7 

2000 5.8 94.2 100.0 12.7 61.0 26.2 77.7 22.3 2.8 

2001 4.8 95.2 100.0 11.9 54.2 34.0 56.5 1.9 41.5 14.9 

2002 4.1 95.8 .1 100.0 8.9 41.9 49.1 52.4 1.6 46.0 25.7 

2003 2.9 95.3 1.8 100.0 7.8 50.7 41.4 45.1 1.4 53.5 34.7 

2004 2.8 95.8 1.4 100.0 .0 6.7 53.5 39.7 44.1 .6 54.7 .6 39.7 

2005 2.6 95.6 1.8 99.7 .3 6.4 50.6 42.9 36.7 2.7 60.3 .3 48.4 .2 

2006 2.8 91.9 5.3 99.7 .3 5.3 54.0 40.7 28.3 4.2 67.4 .2 58.5 3.2 

2007 3.4 91.0 5.6 99.7 .3 6.1 50.7 43.2 33.1 1.7 65.3 55.2 2.4 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-9 Appendix H 
Table H-10 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Front Drive Pickup Trucks 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1980 26 .018 31.3 24.8 29.4 26.7 2265 94 65 15.8 99 .685 .0286 32.0 

1981 33 .023 36.9 29.1 34.8 31.4 2318 99 59 16.9 96 .592 .0253 37.1 

1982 32 .022 33.0 25.8 31.7 28.1 2439 119 72 15.2 101 .605 .0295 35.1 

1983 31 .019 31.1 23.8 31.0 26.5 2604 133 89 13.5 107 .665 .0341 34.8 

1984 12 .006 28.1 21.2 28.6 24.0 2640 135 90 13.3 107 .667 .0342 31.7 

1987 0 .000 20.0 14.5 21.4 17.0 4000 249 135 13.7 112 .542 .0337 34.1 

1988 0 .000 20.8 15.2 21.9 17.7 4000 275 155 12.2 119 .564 .0387 35.4 

1993 0 .000 20.9 14.4 22.7 17.6 4500 299 200 10.9 128 .669 .0444 39.6 

Percent of Front Drive Pickup Trucks: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1980 94.0 57.3 42.7 100.0 .0 .0 

1981 100.0 27.2 72.8 100.0 .0 .0 

1982 77.4 10.7 34.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1983 55.7 2.8 2.7 100.0 .0 .0 

1984 71.0 100.0 .0 .0 

1987 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 

1988 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 

1993 100.0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-10 Appendix H 
Table H-11 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Rear Drive Pickup Trucks 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 1161 .865 14.5 11.4 13.8 12.4 3885 299 139 13.4 114 .499 .0355 24.6 

1976 1476 .791 15.4 12.3 14.2 13.1 3948 305 136 13.8 112 .476 .0343 26.5 

1977 1593 .786 16.8 13.5 15.3 14.2 3928 299 141 13.2 115 .508 .0359 28.7 

1978 1656 .730 16.7 13.6 15.0 14.2 3901 291 138 13.3 114 .506 .0352 28.6 

1979 1930 .874 15.5 12.7 13.8 13.2 4170 291 136 14.3 111 .495 .0327 28.1 

1980 1108 .771 20.1 16.0 18.6 17.1 3689 235 117 14.3 108 .545 .0318 31.8 

1981 1164 .808 21.1 16.7 19.6 17.9 3707 243 117 14.4 108 .511 .0316 33.7 

1982 1154 .801 22.0 17.4 20.6 18.7 3595 230 117 14.1 109 .542 .0326 34.2 

1983 1238 .761 22.6 17.9 21.3 19.2 3463 210 111 14.3 108 .564 .0320 34.0 

1984 1526 .747 22.1 17.4 20.9 18.8 3519 212 112 14.4 108 .562 .0318 33.6 

1985 1550 .746 21.9 17.3 20.6 18.7 3527 218 121 13.6 111 .585 .0340 33.5 

1986 1895 .748 23.0 18.1 21.6 19.5 3439 201 117 13.6 110 .619 .0340 33.9 

1987 1598 .745 23.5 18.2 22.2 19.9 3385 195 119 13.4 111 .635 .0348 34.0 

1988 1760 .716 22.5 17.3 21.4 19.0 3578 220 130 13.1 113 .620 .0360 34.2 

1989 1586 .711 22.2 16.9 21.0 18.7 3633 226 137 12.7 115 .630 .0373 34.1 

1990 1322 .721 21.7 16.4 20.7 18.2 3759 236 146 12.4 117 .651 .0386 34.6 

1991 1443 .752 22.9 17.1 21.8 19.1 3608 222 139 12.4 116 .656 .0383 34.7 

1992 1356 .737 21.9 16.3 21.1 18.3 3810 235 145 12.5 117 .645 .0380 35.1 

1993 1449 .724 22.2 16.3 21.2 18.5 3825 234 150 12.2 118 .668 .0391 35.4 

1994 1886 .707 22.3 16.3 21.1 18.4 3861 235 156 12.0 120 .695 .0403 35.8 

1995 1521 .670 21.8 15.9 20.7 18.0 3960 239 158 12.0 120 .703 .0399 36.1 

1996 1382 .707 22.0 15.9 20.8 18.1 3992 235 167 11.7 122 .744 .0416 36.5 

1997 1574 .654 21.9 15.7 20.7 18.0 4123 244 184 11.2 126 .770 .0440 37.3 

1998 1574 .652 22.3 15.9 21.0 18.2 4021 231 177 11.3 125 .788 .0436 36.9 

1999 1392 .547 21.5 15.3 20.3 17.6 4113 241 186 11.0 127 .787 .0448 36.3 

2000 1610 .616 21.6 15.3 20.1 17.5 4113 237 190 11.0 128 .810 .0455 36.1 

2001 1544 .613 20.7 14.6 19.2 16.8 4341 252 204 10.7 130 .818 .0464 36.5 

2002 1373 .577 20.5 14.5 18.8 16.6 4473 256 214 10.5 132 .841 .0475 37.0 

2003 1498 .606 21.0 14.7 19.2 16.9 4445 247 206 10.8 130 .843 .0459 37.5 

2004 1345 .537 20.4 14.2 18.6 16.4 4712 267 234 10.2 136 .878 .0492 38.6 

2005 1226 .533 20.4 14.0 18.8 16.4 4752 272 247 9.9 140 .910 .0518 38.9 

2006 1140 .538 21.0 14.4 19.2 16.8 4705 268 244 9.9 139 .914 .0516 39.5 

2007 1087 .535 20.9 14.4 19.3 16.8 4870 277 255 9.8 140 .921 .0520 40.9 

Percent of Rear Drive Pickup Trucks: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 41.5 13.8 4.8 81.4 

1976 40.3 11.7 3.7 84.6 

1977 39.0 14.9 4.3 80.8 

1978 40.0 1.6 14.5 4.5 80.9 

1979 36.3 1.5 2.8 13.7 5.2 81.1 

1980 55.8 23.4 4.3 28.4 8.8 62.8 

1981 52.6 31.0 6.2 18.8 11.2 70.0 

1982 49.4 32.9 9.8 18.0 26.2 55.8 

1983 53.3 31.1 .0 4.3 14.9 41.5 43.6 

1984 52.1 32.9 1.3 2.7 17.9 37.0 45.0 

1985 47.9 36.2 11.0 5.7 1.1 21.9 31.9 46.2 

1986 56.7 30.8 18.6 17.5 .6 27.5 34.6 37.9 

1987 58.0 28.4 23.7 33.1 .3 19.4 52.3 28.3 

1988 51.5 37.9 30.1 48.7 .1 11.9 48.1 40.0 

1989 52.5 41.5 34.0 52.4 .1 13.9 45.5 40.7 

1990 46.2 49.1 52.0 39.6 .1 15.0 37.8 47.2 

1991 53.7 44.9 46.1 49.6 .1 14.0 51.5 34.5 

1992 48.3 50.6 57.4 38.1 .1 11.7 44.6 43.7 

1993 45.2 53.7 60.6 36.5 13.2 42.1 44.7 

1994 42.3 56.4 72.5 26.4 11.5 45.8 42.7 99.3 .7 .1 

1995 45.2 53.4 72.9 27.1 12.2 38.9 48.9 96.4 3.6 

1996 38.5 59.6 99.9 .1 10.1 43.3 46.6 88.3 5.3 6.4 

1997 31.2 68.8 100.0 .0 6.6 36.2 57.2 92.6 6.6 .9 

1998 31.3 66.4 100.0 .0 10.0 42.2 47.9 89.7 10.3 

1999 22.6 75.7 100.0 8.4 39.2 52.4 91.6 8.4 

2000 20.4 78.3 100.0 6.2 33.8 59.9 87.7 12.3 

2001 14.5 84.1 100.0 5.3 24.5 70.2 86.2 13.8 

2002 11.4 87.1 100.0 9.6 19.8 70.6 78.9 21.1 

2003 12.3 86.2 100.0 7.9 25.2 67.0 84.2 15.8 

2004 8.6 89.7 100.0 7.1 16.3 76.6 69.8 8.2 22.0 13.5 

2005 7.2 92.8 100.0 .0 12.5 87.5 61.6 8.6 29.8 35.8 .1 

2006 7.3 91.7 100.0 .0 20.4 79.6 52.8 10.3 37.0 45.2 .1 

2007 8.7 91.3 100.0 .0 18.8 81.2 59.1 11.5 29.5 44.2 .0 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-11 Appendix H 
Table H-12 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Four Wheel Drive Pickup Trucks 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 182 .135 11.4 9.3 10.2 9.7 4822 353 154 14.2 113 .437 .0322 23.6 

1976 390 .209 12.4 10.1 11.2 10.5 4780 359 154 14.2 113 .428 .0323 25.3 

1977 433 .214 13.6 11.1 12.1 11.5 4695 363 164 13.4 116 .452 .0351 27.2 

1978 612 .270 13.5 11.1 12.0 11.5 4654 348 160 13.5 115 .468 .0345 26.8 

1979 277 .126 15.6 13.0 14.2 13.5 3947 260 132 14.2 110 .551 .0325 27.3 

1980 302 .211 16.9 13.6 15.4 14.3 4054 251 126 14.6 108 .552 .0308 29.1 

1981 242 .168 19.6 15.7 18.1 16.7 3732 224 115 14.6 107 .561 .0307 31.4 

1982 255 .177 19.7 15.8 18.2 16.8 3934 236 119 14.7 107 .552 .0306 33.5 

1983 359 .221 20.3 16.1 19.0 17.3 3901 224 117 14.8 107 .564 .0301 34.1 

1984 505 .247 19.7 15.6 18.4 16.8 3943 226 120 14.8 107 .564 .0302 33.5 

1985 528 .254 19.9 15.7 18.7 16.9 3981 230 129 14.0 110 .597 .0323 34.1 

1986 638 .252 20.2 15.9 18.9 17.1 3974 219 130 14.0 110 .634 .0327 34.4 

1987 548 .255 20.0 15.7 18.7 16.9 3937 222 137 13.4 113 .648 .0347 33.6 

1988 699 .284 19.3 14.9 18.2 16.3 4137 253 156 12.6 117 .644 .0375 33.9 

1989 645 .289 19.0 14.6 17.9 16.0 4221 259 158 12.7 117 .638 .0372 33.9 

1990 512 .279 18.6 14.0 17.7 15.6 4364 273 166 12.5 119 .637 .0380 34.1 

1991 477 .248 18.9 14.2 17.9 15.8 4299 262 167 12.2 120 .666 .0388 34.2 

1992 484 .263 18.5 13.8 17.7 15.5 4442 272 167 12.6 119 .638 .0376 34.5 

1993 553 .276 18.8 13.9 17.8 15.6 4444 270 172 12.3 120 .661 .0386 34.8 

1994 783 .293 18.6 13.7 17.5 15.4 4528 278 180 12.1 122 .668 .0396 34.9 

1995 750 .330 18.0 13.2 17.0 14.9 4633 292 185 11.9 123 .655 .0400 34.7 

1996 573 .293 18.3 13.3 17.3 15.1 4668 291 204 11.2 128 .719 .0437 35.4 

1997 834 .346 18.2 13.1 17.3 15.0 4965 302 218 11.1 129 .729 .0439 37.2 

1998 841 .348 18.3 13.1 17.4 15.1 4771 291 213 11.0 130 .745 .0445 35.8 

1999 1152 .453 18.2 13.1 17.0 14.9 4937 299 227 10.8 132 .763 .0459 36.7 

2000 1003 .384 18.9 13.6 17.3 15.4 4705 284 224 10.5 133 .791 .0473 36.1 

2001 975 .387 18.1 12.9 16.6 14.7 4885 295 235 10.3 135 .802 .0481 36.0 

2002 1008 .423 18.2 12.9 16.7 14.8 4985 291 242 10.3 136 .834 .0486 36.7 

2003 976 .394 18.5 13.1 16.9 14.9 4944 291 248 10.1 138 .855 .0500 36.9 

2004 1161 .463 18.7 13.1 17.0 15.0 5202 298 266 9.9 141 .892 .0511 39.0 

2005 1074 .467 19.0 13.2 17.4 15.3 5257 297 274 9.7 143 .926 .0523 40.1 

2006 979 .462 19.4 13.4 17.6 15.5 5181 290 271 9.7 142 .941 .0524 40.2 

2007 946 .465 19.3 13.4 17.8 15.6 5299 300 284 9.5 145 .948 .0535 41.2 

Percent of Four Wheel Drive Pickup Trucks: 

MODEL TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING VEHICLE SIZE NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL SMALL MID LARGE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 38.4 .0 .0 100.0 

1976 33.3 .0 .0 100.0 

1977 24.7 .0 .0 100.0 

1978 30.2 .0 3.8 .0 96.2 

1979 64.9 .0 34.0 .0 66.0 

1980 66.8 18.6 .3 36.7 .0 63.3 

1981 76.4 14.7 2.3 48.1 .0 51.9 

1982 71.4 17.7 9.6 41.8 5.1 53.1 

1983 66.6 19.9 .1 4.8 26.8 30.0 43.2 

1984 62.7 19.1 .1 2.7 27.2 27.3 45.5 

1985 62.4 26.2 12.7 1.1 1.5 29.8 23.1 47.1 

1986 63.3 29.4 29.0 17.7 .7 34.9 20.7 44.4 

1987 59.9 30.1 36.4 28.8 .4 23.8 39.4 36.7 

1988 49.7 40.9 48.7 47.1 .4 18.7 29.9 51.4 

1989 52.3 41.5 50.5 47.8 .3 20.9 25.7 53.4 

1990 44.9 51.7 53.5 46.1 .3 17.8 19.6 62.6 

1991 47.5 50.8 53.5 46.1 .4 22.5 27.2 50.3 

1992 43.7 56.2 59.7 40.0 .3 19.2 22.9 57.9 

1993 40.5 59.5 62.9 37.1 12.9 24.2 63.0 

1994 34.6 65.4 62.2 37.8 18.1 22.5 59.5 94.3 5.7 

1995 28.3 71.7 62.8 37.2 15.0 14.5 70.5 90.5 9.5 

1996 25.5 74.5 99.6 .4 14.1 17.4 68.5 82.9 2.8 14.3 

1997 14.0 86.0 99.9 .1 3.3 14.4 82.4 94.7 3.3 2.0 

1998 19.9 80.1 99.9 .1 12.3 19.7 68.1 87.0 13.0 

1999 11.4 88.6 100.0 8.4 18.6 73.0 93.1 6.9 

2000 10.7 89.3 100.0 .1 22.0 77.9 86.7 13.3 

2001 8.0 92.0 100.0 .0 17.0 83.0 88.9 11.1 

2002 7.0 93.0 100.0 6.4 19.3 74.2 86.8 13.2 

2003 7.3 92.7 100.0 7.8 15.4 76.8 87.6 12.4 

2004 5.1 94.9 100.0 5.6 13.7 80.7 65.1 21.3 13.6 25.0 

2005 4.0 96.0 100.0 .8 5.9 93.3 56.3 20.2 23.4 42.9 .0 

2006 4.5 95.5 100.0 .5 5.2 94.3 46.4 20.8 32.7 53.0 .2 

2007 4.8 95.2 100.0 .0 8.1 91.9 55.2 17.9 27.0 47.4 .1 

EPA420-R-07-008 H-12 Appendix H