U.S. flag
        An official website of the United States government
          Here's how you know
        Here's how you knowDot gov**Official websites use .gov**
              
              A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
        Https**Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
              
              A **lock** (   A locked padlock
 ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.  **
Menu


    close

        
        
                        
  
          Home
      
    
              How NIC can help
      
                
  
          **I need Training or Courses**
               Free e-courses available 24/7
              
      
                
  
          NIC Training Programs
          In-person and blended trainings
      
    
              I need Technical Assistance
          Guidance, support, advice, assessment, and/or customized training
      
    
              I'm looking for Information Assistance
          NIC publications, DVDs, FAQs, and more
      
    
              **I need other assistance from NIC**
              
      
                
  
          NIC Helpdesk
      
    
              Connect with other Corrections Professionals
          NIC Community Forums
      
    
              Funding Opportunities
          Cooperative Agreements and more
      
    
              Resources
      
                
  
          **News and Events**
              
      
                
  
          Conferences
      
    
              NIC Events
      
    
              NIC News & Media Releases
      
    
              Subscribe to NIC's News & Announcements
          Emails with NIC's latest news and initiatives
      
    
              NIC Quarterly Newsletter Archive
      
    
              **Featured Resources**
              
      
                
  
          Resources for Corrections Professionals
          Resources about correctional topics
      
    
              Topics
          Focused areas of research for Corrections Professionals
      
    
              NIC's e-courses
      
    
              Hot Topics
          Answers to questions about NIC services & resources
      
    
              FAQs
          Frequently Asked Questions
      
    
              **NIC Library**
              
      
                
  
          Search the Library Collection
      
    
              Ask a Librarian
      
    
              Free eBooks
      
    
              Sign in to the EBSCOhost Research Platform
          Free research resources provided by NIC
      
    
              Webinars and Broadcasts
          Streaming Video of NIC Trainings
      
    
              US State Statistics
          Statistics Information about US Corrections
      
    
              About NIC
      
                
  
          **About the Agency**
              
      
                
  
          Mission
      
    
              Staff Directory
      
    
              Reports to the Nation
      
    
              Funding Opportunities
      
    
              History of NIC
      
    
              Advisory Board
      
    
              **Divisions**
              
      
                
  
          Academy Division
      
    
              Community Services Division
      
    
              Jails Division
      
    
              Prisons Division
      
    
              **Strategic Plan**
              
      
                
  
          Subscribe to NIC's News & Announcements
          Emails with NIC's latest news and initiativesMy Cart
                                
                          
        
                Log in Home
                                    Resources
                                    NIC Library and Information Center
                                    Hot Topics
                                    How Can I Get Information On Incentives and Sanctions/contingency Management?

      

                    
          
    How can I get information on incentives and sanctions/contingency management?
Rewards and sanctions, or contingency management programs, are based on the theory of operant learning, which
    explains that human behavior is learned through the consequences that result from our actions. Behaviors that result
    in positive consequence will be repeated. Therefore, behaviors that are reinforced or rewarded are more likely to
    increase, and behaviors that are punished are more likely to decrease over time.

**Robina Institute of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 2020**

**Revision
        of Probation Violation Guidelines Update****Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission, 2017**
    **An Evidence-Based
            Approach to Promoting & Enforcing Compliance with Conditions of Probation Supervision**Center for Sentencing Initiatives/National Center for State Courts, 2017
    **First
            Evaluation of a Contingency Management Intervention Addressing Adolescent Substance Use and Sexual Risk
            Behaviors: Risk Reduction Therapy for Adolescents**
            Letourneau, Elizabeth J., Michael R. McCart, Ashli J. Sheidow, and Pia M. Mauro, 2017
    **Missouri
            Policy Shortens Probation and Parole Terms, Protects Public Safety Individuals on Community Supervision Can
            Earn Credits to Reduce Their Sentences**Pew Charitable Trusts, 2016
    **Get Smart About ... Rewards and Sanctions: The Facts about Contingency Management**
    National Institute of Corrections (NIC), 2013Document ID: 027244
    **Adaptability of Contingency Management in
            Justice Settings: Survey Findings on Attitudes Towards Using Rewards**
    Murphy, Amy, Anne Giuranna Rhodes and Faye S. Taxman, 2012
    Contingency management (CM) is widely recognized as an evidence-based practice, but it is not widely used in either treatment settings or justice settings. CM is perceived as adaptable in justice settings given the natural inclination to use contingencies to improve compliance to desired behaviors.
    **A
            Treatment Manual for Implementing Contingency Management: Using Incentives to Improve Parolee Enrollment and
            Attendance in Community Treatment**
            Prendergast, Michael and Elizabeth Hall, 2011
    **Utilizing
            Behavioral Interventions to Improve Supervision Outcomes in Community-Based Corrections**
            Wodahl, Eric J., Brett Garland, Scott E. Culhane, and William P. McCarty, 2011
    **Implementation
            of a Contingency
            Management-Based Intervention in a Community Supervision Setting: Clinical Issues and Recommendations**
    Trotman, Adria J. and Faye E. Taxman, 2011Document ID: 025627 Return to top

      About NIC

About the Agency
	Divisions
	Staff Directory
	Contact NIC

NIC Services

Training
	Technical Assistance
	Corrections Forums
	Subscribe to NIC News

Resources

Resources by Role
	Resources by Topic
	NIC News
	NIC Events
  
      Agency logo
              
                              National Institute of Corrections
        
                  NIC Legal Policies and DisclaimersNIC Privacy Policy and DisclaimersPlain Language PolicyAccessibility PolicyDOJ Links:Justice.govOpen GovernmentLegal Policies and DisclaimersInformation QualityPrivacy PolicySmall BusinessOffice of the Inspector GeneralBudget and PerformanceFOIANo FEAR Act DataVulnerability Disclosure PolicyVote.govHave a question about government services? Contact USA.govFollow NIC on X
the National institute of corrections governmental seal