# Date: September 30, 2011

Subject: Summary of RBLC and Other Findings to S upport Section 112(d)(6)

Technology Review for Pulp and Paper NESHAP

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-019; Work Assignment No. 4-09

From: Thomas Holloway

Corey Gooden

To: John Bradfield

Bill Schrock

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Under section 112(d)(6) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) is required to review, and revise as necessary (taking into account developments

in practices, processes, and control technologies), the nati onal emission standards for hazardous

air pollutants (NESHAP) develope d under section 112. The NESHAP are to be reviewed every

8 years following the promulgation of the sta ndards. The NESHAP for the Pulp and Paper

Industry (40 CFR part 63, subpart S) was promul gated on April 15, 1998 and is due for a review

under section 112(d)(6). Conseque ntly, EPA is conducting a review of available information on

developments in practices, processes, and contro l technologies that apply to sources subject to

subpart S. The purpose of this memorandum is to present (1) results from a search of the

RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse ( RBLC) for information on air pollution control technology

in the pulp and paper industry and (2) excerpts from a December 2010 document by the

European Commission on best available tec hniques in the pulp and paper industry.

I. RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse

Under EPA’s New Source Review (NSR) program , if a company is planning to build a

new plant or modify an existing plant such that air pollution emissions will increase by a large

amount, the company must obtain an NSR perm it. The NSR permit is a construction permit

which requires the company to minimize air pol lution emissions by changing the process to

prevent air pollution and/or installi ng air pollution c ontrol equipment.

The terms “RACT,” “BACT,” and “LAER” are acronyms for different program

requirements under the NSR program. RACT, or Reasonably Available Control Technology, is

required on sources in areas that are not mee ting national ambient air quality standards (i.e.,

nonattainment areas). BACT, or Best Available Control Technology, is required on major new or

modified sources in attainment areas. LAER, or Lowest Achiev able Emission Rate, is required

on major new or modified sour ces in non-attainment areas.

# 2 BACT and LAER (and sometimes RACT) ar e determined on a case-by-case basis,

usually by State or local permitting agenci es. EPA established the RACT/BACT/LAER

Clearinghouse, or RBLC, to provi de a central database of ai r pollution technology information

(including past BACT and LAER decisions contained in NSR permits) to promote the sharing of

information among permitting agencies and to ai d in future case-by-case determinations.

However, data in the RBLC are not limited to sources subject to RACT, BACT, and LAER

requirements. Noteworthy prevention and contro l technology decisions and information are

included even if they are not related to past RACT, BACT, or LAER decisions.

The RBLC contains over 5,000 air pollution cont rol permit determinations that can help

identify appropriate technologies to mitigate most air pollutant emission streams. It was designed

to help permit applicants and reviewers ma ke pollution prevention and control technology

decisions for stationary air pollution sources, and includes data submitted by several U.S.

territories and all 50 States on over 200 different air pollutant s and 1,000 industrial processes.

The RBLC provides several options for search ing the database to locate applicable

control technologies. To iden tify technologies appropriate for pulp and paper production,

searches of the RBLC were made using the Process Type field for the following Process Type

Codes: 30.200 – Kraft Pulp & Paper Process a nd 30.400 – Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Process,

which were the only codes related to the pulp and paper industry. All records from 2000 to 2010

were searched. We extracted both sets of da ta from the RBLC website and grouped similar

subpart S process types under the emission pr ocess groups developed for the September 2011

National Emissions Inventory (NE I) risk modeling file. (RTI 2011)

The search identified information for 27 mills th at use some type of emissions control for

HAP compounds (e.g., methanol), total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds (e.g., hydrogen sulfide

[H 2 

# S]), volatile organic compounds (VOC), or ot her organic compounds (e.g., acetone) for their

subpart S process. (Emissions of HAP are e xpected to be reduced by the same control

technologies that reduce emissions of TRS, VOC, and other orga nics.) Appendix A summarizes

the results of the RBLC search for these 27 mills, organized by emission process group. Note:

Some of these mills have results for multiple processes.

Bleaching VOC emissions were controlled by elim inating the use of chlorine or chlorine

dioxide at 1 kraft pulp mill and using only hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulfite, and sodium

borohydride at 1 mechanical pulp mill. Pulping emissions of HAP, VOC, TR S, and/or acetone at

12 kraft pulp mills were controlled by routing them to an incineration device, such as a boiler,

lime kiln, recovery furnace, or thermal oxidizer . Wastewater VOC and TRS emissions at 2 mills

were controlled by biodegradation or good manage ment practices. In each of these cases, the

information obtained through the RBLC search did not represent any practices, processes, or

control technologies not alrea dy identified and evaluated during the original standards

development for subpart S.

Pulping VOC emissions were controlled at 2 mechanical pulp mills by using a

regenerative thermal oxidizer (R TO) and at 1 mill by using existing fiber scrubbers/condensers.

Papermaking VOC emissions at 14 mills were c ontrolled by using good operating practices (for

combustion and non-combustion sources), conduc ting new substance review and limiting VOC

# 3 use and content (of additives, cleaning agents, etc.), using clean water in the papermaking

process, using best management practices for pu lp washing, using carbon adsorption to collect

and reuse VOC solvents, or limiting pulp use. Tall oil recovery system VOC emissions at 1 mill

were controlled by venting them to a lime kiln and thermal oxidizer. Lime slaker VOC and TRS

emissions at 1 mill were controlled by a wet sc rubber. Some of the practices, processes, and

control technologies found in the RBLC search for these processes were not identified and

evaluated during the original st andards development for subpar t S and warrant further study.

II. European Commission Document

A general search of the Internet was conduc ted for information on control technologies

applicable to pulp and paper production. Th e search identified a December 2010 European

Commission document entitled Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference

Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry . (EC 2010) Excerpts of

the best available techniques (BAT) from EC 2010 are presented in Appendix B of this

memorandum. The most relevant of these techni ques, relating to HAP control of subpart S

sources, were already identified and evaluated during the original standards development for

subpart S.

III. References

RTI 2011 Memorandum from T. Holloway, K. Hanks, C. Gooden, and M. Hakos, RTI, to J.

Bradfield and B. Schrock, EPA. Inputs to the Pulp and P aper Industry September

2011 Residual Risk Modeling . September 26, 2011.

EC 2010 European Commission. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC):

Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper

Industry . December 2010.

# Appendix A

Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for Process Type Codes

30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes)A-1Appendix A. Summary of RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Search Results for ProcessType Codes 30.200 and 30.400 (Kraft/Non-Kraft Pulp & Paper Processes)RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPOK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PULPING SYSTEM 5 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EXISTING CONTROL - NO USE OF CHLORINE OR CHLORINEDIOXIDEBACT-PSD BleachingWI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWHITING MILL PORTAGE WI MECHANICAL PULPBLEACHING, P35, S35Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)PULP BLEACHING MAY ONLY BE CONDUCTED USINGHYDROGEN PEROXIDE, SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, ANDSODIUM BOROHYDRIDE, BASED BLEACHING TECHNIQUESBACT-PSD BleachingLA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -MANSFIELD MILLMANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA LIME SLAKER Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: LimeMudLA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER -MANSFIELD MILLMANSFIELD MILL DE SOTO PARISH LA LIME SLAKER Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: LimeMudLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER(EQT014)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: LimeMudLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA LIME SLAKER(EQT014)Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)WET SCRUBBER BACT-PSD Causticizing: LimeMudTX-0485 INLAND PAPERBOARD ANDPACKAGING INCINLAND PAPERBOARDAND PACKAGINGORANGE MILLORANGE TX NO. 1/NO.2 SLAKER Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR PULP WASHING, ANDTHE REDUCTION OF VOC ADDITIVES TO THE PAPERMAKINGSYSTEMLAER Causticizing: LimeMudLA-0201 WEYERHAEUSER CO RED RIVER MILL NATCHITOCHES LA SOFTWOOD HDTANKVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)COLLECTING OFFGASES AND BURNING THEM IN EITHER THENO. 2 HOGGED FUEL BOILER OR RECOVERY BOILER NO. 3.BACT-PSD Kraft Pulp StorageWI-0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPINGPROCESS, P14Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FORCOMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BROWNSTOCKWASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION INBLRF).MACT Kraft PulpingWI-0208 DOMTAR INDUSTRIES INC. DOMTAR NEKOOSA MILL WOOD WI KRAFT PULPINGPROCESS, P14Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)EMISSIONS FROM DIGESTERS SENT TO LVHC SYSTEM (FORCOMBUSTION IN BOILERS); EMISSIONS FROM BROWNSTOCKWASHER SENT TO HVLC SYSTEM (FOR COMBUSTION INBLRF).MACT Kraft PulpingAR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS TO THE LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCAR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Methanol ROUTED TO LIMEKILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCAR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Acetone ROUTEDTHROUGH LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCAR-0081 DELTA NATURAL KRAFT DELTA NATURAL KRAFT JEFFERSON AR DIGESTER Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)ROUTED TO LIME KILN FOR THERMAL OXIDATION BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCA-2RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPAR-0088 GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN-59) Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)INCINERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GASEMISSIONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURINGFILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED. CONTROLLED EMISSIONSARE BASED UPON 15.5 LB VOC/ADTP (FROM NCASI 858,TABLES 9A-9F AND 9J)BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCAR-0088 GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR DIGESTERS (SN-59) Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)INCINERATOR CONTROLS DIGESTER RELIEF AND BLOW GASEMISSIONS. HOWEVER, PERMITTED EMISSIONS ARE DURINGFILL AND ARE UNCONTROLLED.CONTROLLED EMISSIONS ARE BASED UPON 8.7 LB TRS/ADTP(FROM NCASI 858, TABLES 9A-9F AND 9J)BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCGA-0113 INTERNATIONAL PAPER INTERNATIONAL PAPER -AUGUSTA MILLRICHMOND GA NO. 3 DIGESTERSYSTEMVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)CURRENT NCG COLLECTION SYSTEM ROUTES EMISSIONS TOTHE LIME KILNS. NO NEW CONTROLS FEASIBLE. FACILITYPRODUCTION LIMITKraft Pulping:Digester LVHCLA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B-LINEDIGESTER SYSTEMSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCLA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA A & B-LINEDIGESTER SYSTEMSSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS,PRIMARY,SECONDARY, &SEMI-CHEMICALVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA DIGESTER SYSTEMS,PRIMARY,SECONDARY, &SEMI-CHEMICALSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS DIGESTER SYSTEM Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS COLLECTED AND COMBUSTED IN THE NCGSYSTEMBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCAL-0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPERCORPERATION -COURTLAND MILLID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 DIGESTIONSYSTEMSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)VOC WAS INCLUDED IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT &INCINERATE LVHC & HVLC'SBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCTN-0128 PACKAGING CORPORATIONOF AMERICACOUNCE MILL HARDIN TN DIGESTERS,TURPENTINERECOVERY, ANDEVAPORATOR SYSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FORTHERMAL OXIDATION.BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCTN-0128 PACKAGING CORPORATIONOF AMERICACOUNCE MILL HARDIN TN DIGESTERS,TURPENTINERECOVERY, ANDEVAPORATOR SYSSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)EMISSIONS ARE ROUTED TO THE LIME KILNS FORTHERMAL OXIDATIONBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Digester LVHCFL-0254 STONE CONTAINERCORPORATIONPANAMA CITYMILL/STONE CONTAINERCORP.BAY FL BATCH DIGESTERSYSTEM (21 UNITS)Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)ADJUSTMENT OF THE PH OF THE BOILER'S SCRUBBERWATER TO 8.0 PRIOR TO INCINERATION OF TRSOther Caseby-CaseKraft Pulping:Digester LVHCA-3RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPLA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATORSYSTEMSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCLA-0205 INTERNATIONAL PAPER LOUISIANA MILL MOREHOUSE LA EVAPORATORSYSTEMSSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)EMISSIONS ROUTED TO EXISTING LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECTEVAPORATORSYSTEMSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)INCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECTEVAPORATORSYSTEMSHydrogenSulfideINCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS MULTIPLE-EFFECTEVAPORATORSYSTEMSOdor INCINERATERS: LIME KILN OR THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCAL-0237 INTERNATIONAL PAPERCORPERATION -COURTLAND MILLID COURTLAND LAWRENECE AL NO. 3 EVAPORATIONSYSTEMSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)VOC WAS ANOTHER POLLUTANT IN THIS PROCESS, COLLECT& INCINERATE HVLC & LVHC GASESBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2EVAPORATOR ANDCONCENTRATORSYSTEMSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCLA-0207 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELD MILL DESOTO LA NOS. 1 & 2EVAPORATOR ANDCONCENTRATORSYSTEMSSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)THERMAL INCINERATION IN THE LIME KILN OR NCGINCINERATORBACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Evaporator LVHCLA-0158 STONE CONTAINERCORPORATIONSTONE CONTAINERCORPORATIONJACKSON PARISH LA NCG/SOG THERMALOXIDIZERMethanol PROPER COMBUSTION AND OPERATION OF THEINCINERATOR.BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:IncineratorSC-0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSERCOMPANY-MARLBOROPAPER MILLMARLBORO SC INCINERATOR, NCG Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AND RESIDENCE TIME/PULPPRODUCTION LIMIT (1410 ADTBP/D)BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:IncineratorSC-0083 WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY WEYERHEAUSERCOMPANY-MARLBOROPAPER MILLMARLBORO SC INCINERATOR, NCG Sulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 1200 DEGREES F; AND 0.5SECOND RESIDENCE TIME. PULP PRODUCTION LIMIT(1410 ADTBP/D)BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:IncineratorMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS TURPENTINERECOVERY SYSTEMVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)INCINERATOR: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:Turpentine LVHCMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS BROWN STOCKWASHERVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EMISSIONS ARE FED TO THE LIME KILN OR THERMALOXIDIZER FOR COMBUSTION.BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:WashingA-4RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS BROWN STOCKWASHERHydrogenSulfideINCINERATORS BACT-PSD Kraft Pulping:WashingMN-0041 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO - DULUTHMILLST. LOUIS MN PRESSURIZEDGROUNDWOODPULP MILLVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER (RTO). PRIMARY LIMITUNITS IN PERCENT DESTRUCTION EFFICIENCY.ALTERNATIVE LIMIT UNITS IN LB OF VOC/T OF OVEN-DRYPULP.BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingMN-0076 BLANDIN PAPERCOMPANY/MINNESOTAPOWERBLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDSENERGY CENTERITASCA MN PRESSURIZEDGROUNDWOODMILLVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingMN-0076 BLANDIN PAPERCOMPANY/MINNESOTAPOWERBLANDIN PAPER/RAPIDSENERGY CENTERITASCA MN THERMOMECHANICAL PULP MILLVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZER BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingWI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICA - BIRON MILLSENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P01 - THERMOMECHANICALPULPINGVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBERSCRUBBER. BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingWI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICA - BIRON MILLSENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P02 - THERMOMECHANICALPULPING (TM-II)PROCESSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS /CONDENSERS.BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingWI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICA - BIRON MILLSENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P03 - THERMOMECHANICALPULPING (TM-III)PROCESSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BACT IS USE OF EXISTING FIBER SCRUBBERS /CONDENSERS.BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingWI-0214 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASENA - NIAGARA MILL MARINETTE WI PRESSURIZEDGROUNDWOODPULPING (P04)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EXCLUSIVE USE OF ASPEN CORDWOOD BACT-PSD MechanicalPulpingWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA,BLEACHINGVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTELOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAININGPRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COSTEFFECTIVENESSBACT-PSD Paper Stock PrepWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA,DEINKINGVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTELOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAININGPRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COSTEFFECTIVENESSBACT-PSD Paper Stock PrepWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI FIBER PREP AREA,WATERCLARIFICATIONOPERATIONSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)TECHNIQUES AND OPERATING PRACTICES WHICH PROMOTELOWEST POSSIBLE VOC EMISSIONS WHILE MAINTAININGPRODUCT QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND COSTEFFECTIVENESSBACT-PSD Paper Stock PrepWI-0243 STORA ENSO STORA ENSO WISCONSINRAPIDS PAPER MILLWOOD WI P83 STOCKPREPARATION(JACKSON MILL)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)NO ADD ON CONTROL FEASIBLE. POLLUTION PREVENTION ISLIMITING THE AMOUNTS OF VOC APPLIED TO THE PAPERMACHINE.BACT-PSD Paper Stock PrepA-5RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPOK-0103 WEYERHAEUSERWEYERHAEUSER --VALLIANTMCCURTAIN OK OCC PLANTS (3) Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)GOOD OPERATING PRACTICE BACT-PSD Paper Stock PrepWI-0216 APPLETON COATED LLC APPLETON COATED -COMBINED LOCKS MILLOUTAGAMIE WI PAPER MACHINE #6(S62A, P62A)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITS ON THE RAW MATERIALS VOC ADDITIVES AND USEOF MARKET PULP.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0247 APPLETON COATED PAPERS APPLETON COATED -COMBINED LOCKS MILLOUTAGAMIE WI PROCESS P62,STACK S62 - PAPERMACHINE #1Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITS ON THE VOC CONTENT (RETENTION AID ANDCOATING) AND USAGE OF VOC ON THE PAPER MACHINE(LBS/ADT). REQUIRED UNDER PSD BACT AND STATE LACT.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0202 APPLETON COATED LLC COMBINED LOCKS MILL OUTAGAMIE WI PAPER MACHINE #7,COATINGS (P63 / S63)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)COATING VOC LIMIT, NO VOC FROM PULP BACT-PSD PapermakingTN-0127 PACKAGING CORPORATIONOF AMERICACOUNCE MILL HARDIN TN PAPER MACHINES Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)USE OF WHITE WATER ON THE MACHINES AND GOODOPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICESBACT-PSD PapermakingMS-0075 GEORGIA PACIFIC CORP. GEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS PAPER MACHINEBUILDINGVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)USE OF CLEAN WATER IN THE PAPER MAKING PROCESS. N/A PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR FINE PAPERMACHINE #1 AND #2Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #3 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #4 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #5 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #6 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingA-6RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #7 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingAR-0099 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATION -CROSSETT PAPEROPERATIONSASHLEY AR PAPER MACHINE #8 Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)THE FACILITY ALSO PROPOSES THAT ITS NEW SUBSTANCEREVIEW PROGRAM BE CONSIDERED BACT. THE MILL WILLUTILIZE A LOWER VOC-CONTAINING CHEMICAL WHENEVERONE IS AVAILABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE CHEMICALSBEING USED.BACT-PSD PapermakingGA-0114 TEMPLE INLAND, INC. INLAND PAPERBOARDAND PACKAGING, INC. -ROME LINERBOARD MILLFLOYD GA KRAFT PULP MILLS -LINERBOARDMACHINESVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)GOOD WORK PRACTICES BACT-PSD PapermakingWA-0303 LONGVIEW FIBRE PAPERAND PACKAGING, INCLONGVIEW FIBRE PAPERAND PACKAGING, INCLONGVIEW WA PAPER MACHINES Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)USE OF LOW VOC ADDITIVES. THERE IS NO ASSOCIATEDPERMIT LIMIT ON VOC EMISSIONS. ANTICIPATED NETEMISSIONS INCREASE IS 72.5 TPY.BACT-PSD PapermakingMI-0261 MEADCORPORATION/ESCANABAPAPER COMPANYMEADCORPORATION/ESCANABA PAPER COMPANYDELTA MI PAPER MACHINE,NO. 4, VALMETVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)VOC LIMIT INCLUDES ADDITIVES AND CLEANING, AS WELLAS PULP. PRODUCT LIMIT OF 251,000 TON PAPER PER YEAROther Caseby-CasePapermakingOK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILLMUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)NEW SUBSTANCE REVIEWBACT-PSD PapermakingOK-0112 FORT JAMES OPERATING CO MUSKOGEE MILL MUSKOGEE OK PAPER MACHINECOMBUSTION #11-14Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)EXISTING CONTROL - GOOD COMBUSTIONPRACTICES BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #1(S14/P40)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKINGADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #2(S15/P42)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKINGADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #3(S16/P44)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKINGADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOCSOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHINES #3 AND #4.USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE APORTION OF THE SOLVENTS.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0215 SCA SCA TISSUE (MENASHA)WINNEBAGO WI PAPER MACHINE #4(S18/P46)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF VOC'S (FROM PAPER MAKINGADDITIVES) AND LIMITING CLEANING SOLVENT USAGE. VOCSOLVENT USAGE IS SHARED BETWEEN MACHINES #3 AND #4.USE OF CARBON ADSORPTION TO COLLECT / REUSE APORTION OF THE SOLVENTS.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICA - BIRON MILLSENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P40 - PAPERMACHINE #24 W/COATERVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT-PSD PapermakingA-7RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPWI-0197 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICA - BIRON MILLSENA BIRON MILL WOOD WI P60 - PAPERMACHINE #26 W/COATERVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)PAPER MAKING ADDITIVE LIMITS BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWOOD WI #12 PAPER MACHINE Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) ANDLATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THEPAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS - LIMITS ARELISTED IN THE FACILITY NOTESBACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWOOD WI #13 PAPER MACHINE Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) ANDLATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THEPAPER MACHINE: VOC LIMITS LISTED IN FACILITY NOTES.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWOOD WI #14 PAPER MACHINE Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) ANDLATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THEPAPER MACHINE: VOC CONTENT LIMITS, LISTED IN FACILITYNOTES.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0089 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWOOD WI #16 PAPER MACHINECOMPLEXVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY (BACT) ANDLATEST AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNIQUES (LACT) FOR THEPAPER MACHINE: RESTRICTION ON VOC CONTENT OFMATERIALS. VOC CONTENTS ARE LISTED IN THE FACILITYNOTES.BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0243 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICASTORA ENSO WISCONSINRAPIDS PAPER MILLWOOD WI P12 (PAPER / BOARDMACHINE #12)Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)NO ADD-ON CONTROLS FEASIBLE, LIMIT THE ADDITION OFVOC CONTAINING ADDITIVES, CLEANING AGENTS.BACT-PSD PapermakingOK-0103 WEYERHAEUSERWEYERHAEUSER --VALLIANTMCCURTAIN OK PAPER MACHINE Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)GOOD OPERATING PRACTICES BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWHITING MILL PORTAGE WI PAPER MACHINE #64W/ IN LINE COATERVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)INDIVIDUAL LIMITS ON RETENTION AIDS (30 WT.%),CLEANERS (5 WT.%), INTERNAL SIZE (1 WT.%), DEFOAMERS(25 WT.%), BIOCIDES (55 WT. %), DYES (45 WT.%).BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWISCONSIN RAPIDSPAPER MILLWOOD WI P13/S13 -PAPERBOARDMACHINEVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINECLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; INTERNAL SIZE <=0.15% VOC;BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWISCONSIN RAPIDSPAPER MILLWOOD WI P14/S14 - #14 PAPERMACHINE W/COATERSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINECLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOATCOATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNALSIZE <= 0.15% VOC;BACT-PSD PapermakingWI-0200 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWISCONSIN RAPIDSPAPER MILLWOOD WI P82 / S82 - PAPERMACHINE #16 W/COATERSVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BIOCIDE <= 96% VOC (NOT SIG. VOLATILE); ON-LINECLEANERS; <= 10% VOC; DYES <= 45% VOC; RETENTION AIDS<= 35% VOC; DEFOAMERS <= 25% VOC; SIZE / PRECOATCOATING <= 0.12 WT% VOC OF DRY COATING; INTERNALSIZE <= 0.15% VOC;BACT-PSD PapermakingA-8RBLCIDCORPORATE_OR_COMPANY_NAMEFACILITY_NAMEFACILITY_COUNTYFACILITY_STATEPROCESS_ NAMEPOLLUTANTCONTROL_METHOD_ DESCRIPTIONCASE-BYCASE_BASISEMISSION_PROCESS_GROUPMS-0075 GEORGIA-PACIFICCORPORATIONGEORGIA PACIFICCORPORATION,MONTICELLO MILLLAWRENCE MS TALL OILRECOVERY SYSTEMVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)INCINERATORS: LIME KILN AND THERMAL OXIDIZER. RACT Tall OilLA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELDMILL DE SOTO PARISH LA WASTEWATERTREATMENTVolatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)BIODEGRATION SYSTEM BACT-PSD WastewaterLA-0122 INTERNATIONAL PAPER CO MANSFIELDMILL DE SOTO PARISH LA WASTEWATERTREATMENTSulfur, TotalReduced (TRS)BIODEGRATION SYSTEM BACT-PSD WastewaterWI-0205 STORA ENSO NORTHAMERICAWHITING MILL PORTAGE WI WATER RENEWALCENTER, P02; S02Volatile OrganicCompounds(VOC)OPERATE USING GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (NONUMERICAL LIMIT)BACT-PSD Wastewater

# Appendix B

Excerpts from European Commi ssion’s December 2010 Document

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC ): Reference Document on Best Available

Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry

# B-1 Appendix B. Excerpts from European Commission’s December 2010 Document Integrated

Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC): Reference Document on Best Available Techniques

in the Pulp and Paper Industry

BAT for kraft pulp processing

Best available techniques for kraft pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood;

 Increased delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking and

additional oxygen stages;

 Highly efficient brown stock washing and closed cycle brown stock screening;

 Elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching with low AOX or Totally chlorine free (TCF)

bleaching;

 Recycling of some, mainly alkaline pr ocess water from the bleach plant;

 Effective spill monitoring, cont ainment and recovery system;

 Stripping and reuse of the condensat es from the evaporation plant;

 Sufficient capacity of the black liquor evaporatio n plant and the recovery boiler to cope with

the additional liquor and dry solids load;

 Collection and reuse of clean cooling waters;

 Provision of sufficiently large buffer tanks fo r storage of spilled cooking and recovery

liquors and dirty condensates to prevent sudden peaks of loadi ng and occasional upsets in the

external effluent treatment plant;

 In addition to process-integrated measures, primary treatment and biological treatment is

considered BAT for kraft pulp mills.

Best available techniques for re ducing emissions to air are:

 Collection and incineration of concentrated malodorous gases and c ontrol the resulting SO 2 

# emissions. The strong gases can be burnt in the rec overy boiler, in the lime kiln or a separate,

low NOx furnace. The flue gases of the latter have a high concentration of SO 2 

# that is

recovered in a scrubber.

 Diluted malodorous gases from various sources are also collected and incinerated and the

resulting SO 2 

# controlled.

 TRS emissions of the recovery boiler are mitigated by efficient combustion control and CO

measurement;

 TRS emissions of the lime kiln are mitigated by controlling the excess oxygen, by using lowS fuel, and by controlling the residual soluble sodium in the lime mud fed to the kiln.

 The SO 2 

# emissions from the recovery boilers are controlled by firing high dry solids

concentration black liquor in the recovery boiler and/or by using a flue gas scrubber;

 BAT is further the control of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler (i.e. ensuring proper

mixing and division of air in the boiler), lime kiln and from auxiliary boilers by controlling

the firing conditions, and for ne w or altered installations also by appropriate design;

 SO 2 

# emissions from auxiliary boilers are reduced by using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and coal

or controlling S emissi ons with a scrubber.

# B-2  Flue gases from recovery boilers, auxiliary boilers (in which othe r biofuels and/or fossil fuels

are incinerated) and lime kiln are cleaned with efficient electrostatic precipitators to mitigate

dust emissions.

BAT for sulphite pulp processing

Best available techniques for sulphite pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood;

 Increased delignification before the bleach plant by extended or modified cooking;

 Highly efficient brown stock washing and closed cycle brown stock screening;

 Effective spill monitoring cont ainment and recovery system;

 Closure of the bleach plant when sodium based cooking processes is being used;

 TCF bleaching;

 Neutralizing of weak liquor before evaporati on followed by re-use of most condensate in the

process or anaerobic treatment;

 For prevention of unnecessary loading and occa sionally upsets in the external effluent

treatment due to process cooking and recovery liquors and dirty condensates sufficiently

large buffer tanks for storage are considered as necessary;

 In addition to process-integrated measures, pr imary and biological treatment is considered

BAT for sulphite pulp mills.

Best available techniques for re ducing emissions to air are:

 Collection of concentrated SO 2 

# releases and recovery in tanks with different pressure levels;

 Collection of diffuse SO 2 

# releases from various sources and introducing them in the recovery

boiler as combustion air;

 Control of SO 2 

# emissions from the recovery boiler(s) by use of electrostatic precipitators and

multi-stage flue gas scrubbers and collection and scrubbing of various vents;

 Reduction of SO 2 

# emissions from auxiliary boilers by using bark, gas, low sulphur oil and

coal or controlling S emissions;

 Reduction of odorous gases by efficient collection systems;

 Reduction of NOx emissions from the recovery boiler and from auxiliary boilers by

controlling the firing conditions;

 Cleaning of the auxiliary boilers flue gases with efficient electrostatic precipitators to

mitigate dust emissions;

 Emission optimised incineration of residues with energy recovery.

BAT for mechanical pulping and chemi-mechanical pulping

Best available techniques for mechanical pulp mills are considered to be:

 Dry debarking of wood

 Minimisation of reject losses by usin g efficient reject handling stages

 Water recirculation in the mechanical pulping department

 Effective separation of the water systems of the pulp and paper miill by use of thickeners

 Counter-current white water system from paper mill to pulp mill depending on the degree of

integration

# B-3  Use of sufficiently large buffer tanks for storag e of concentrated wastewater streams from the

process (mainly for CTMP)

 Primary and biological treatment of the effluents, and in some cases also flocculation or

chemical precipitation.

Best available techniques for re ducing emissions to air are:

 Efficient heat recovery from refiners;

 Abatement of VOC emissions from contaminated steam

BAT for recycled fibre processing

Best available techniques for recovered pa per processing mills are considered to be :

 Separation of less contaminated water from cont aminated one and recycling of process water;

 Optimal water management (water loop arange ment), water clarification by sedimentation,

flotation or filtration techniques and recycl ing of process water for different purposes;

 Strict separation of water loops and c ounter-currents flow of process water;

 Generation of clarified water fo r de-inking plants (flotation);

 Installation of an equalisation basin and primary treatment;

 Biological effluent treatment. An effective op tion for de-inked grades and depending on the

conditions also for non-de-inked grades is aer obic biological treatment and in some cases

also flocculation and chemi cal precipitation. Mechanical treatment with subsequent

anaerobic-aerobic biologi cal treatment is the preferable option for non-deinked grades. These

mills usually have to treat more concentrated wastewater because of higher degree of water

circuit closure;

 Partial recycling of treated water after biol ogical treatment. The possible degree of water

recycling is depending on the specific paper grades produced. For non-deinked paper grades

this technique is BAT. However, the advant ages and drawbacks need to be carefully

investigated and will usua lly require additional polishing (tertiary treatment);

 Treating internal water circuits.

Air emissions in RCF based paper mills are mainly related to plants installed for the production

of heat and in some cases for co-generati on of electricity. Saving of energy corresponds

therefore with reduction of air em issions. The power plants are us ually standard boilers and can

be treated like any other power plants. To d ecrease energy consumption and air emission the

following measures are considered as BAT:

 Co-generation of heat and power;

 Improving existing boilers;

 When equipment is replaced use of less energy consuming equipment

BAT for papermaking and related processes

Air emissions from non-integrated paper mills are mainly related to steam boilers and power

plants. These plants are generally standard boi lers and do not differ from any other combustion

plants.

# B-4 In general in this sector BAT is considered to be the use of energy efficien t technologies. A lot of

options for energy saving in many stages within the manufacturing process are available. Usually

these measures are linked with investments to replace, rebuild or upgrade process equipment.

Energy savings can be achieved by:

 Implementation of a system for monito ring energy usage and performance,

 More effective dewatering of the paper web in the press section of the paper machine by

using wide nip (shoe) pressing technologies

 Use of other energy efficient technologies, e .g., high consistency slushing, energy efficient

refining, twin wire forming, optimised vacuum systems, speed adjustable drives for fans and

pumps, high efficiency electric motors, we ll sized electric motors, steam condensate

recovery, increasing size press solids or exhaust ai r heat recovery systems

 A reduction of direct use of steam can be ach ieved by careful proce ss integration by using

pinch analysis.

Use of chemicals and additives

For chemical usage, the availabi lity of a database for all used chemicals and additives and the

application of the principle of s ubstitution is considered as BAT.