The 2002-Based Multi-Pollutant Modeling 

Platform Report 

Volume III: Air Toxics 

Emissions Inventories and 

Emissions Modeling for the 

2002 Multi-pollutant Platform, version 3 
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................................................III

LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................................IV

LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................................................IV

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................V

1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................6

2 2002 EMISSION INVENTORIES AND APPROACHES- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAP+HAP 

AND CAP-ONLY ........................................................................................................................................................7

2.1 2002 POINT SOURCES (PTIPM AND PTNONIPM)...........................................................................................14

2.2 2002 NONPOINT SOURCES (AFDUST, AG, NONPT).......................................................................................15

2.3 FIRES (PTFIRE, NONPTFIRE)........................................................................................................................16

2.4 2002 MOBILE SOURCES (ONROAD, NONROAD, ALM)..................................................................................20

2.4.1 Onroad mobile sources (onroad sector) ..............................................................................................20

2.4.2 Nonroad mobile sources –NMIM-based nonroad (nonroad) ..............................................................22

2.4.3 Nonroad mobile sources: aircraft, locomotive and commercial marine (alm sector) ........................22

2.5 OTHER (“OTH”) SECTORS: CANADA, MEXICO AND OFFSHORE .................................................................24

2.6 SMOKE-READY NON-ANTHROPOGENIC INVENTORIES FOR MERCURY AND CHLORINE ..............................24

2.6.1 Mercury ...............................................................................................................................................24

2.6.2 Chlorine...............................................................................................................................................26

3 EMISSIONS MODELING SUMMARY........................................................................................................26

3.1 THE SMOKE MODELING SYSTEM..............................................................................................................27

3.2 KEY EMISSIONS MODELING SETTINGS........................................................................................................28

3.2.1 Spatial configuration ...........................................................................................................................29

3.2.2 Chemical speciation configuration......................................................................................................31

3.2.3 The Approach to Combine HAP and CAP Inventories ........................................................................34

3.2.4 Temporal processing configuration.....................................................................................................38

3.3 EMISSIONS MODELING ANCILLARY DATA DIFFERENCES FROM CAP-ONLY ................................................39

3.3.1 Spatial allocation ancillary files..........................................................................................................39

3.3.2 Chemical speciation ancillary files......................................................................................................41

3.3.3 Temporal allocation ancillary files......................................................................................................47

4 EMISSION SUMMARIES..............................................................................................................................48

5 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................62
iii

Acronyms 

BEIS Biogenic Emissions Inventory System 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule 

CAMR Clean Air Mercury Rule 

CAMX Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions 

CARB California Air Resources Board 

CAP Criteria Air Pollutant 

CHIEF Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors 

CMAQ Community Multiscale Air Quality model 

CO Carbon monoxide 

EGU Electric generating units 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EMFAC Emission Factor (California’s onroad mobile model) 

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards 

HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant 

HGNRVA Natural, Recycyled, Volcanic and Anthropogenic Elemental Mercury 

IPM Integrated Planning Model 

MCIP Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor 

MOBILE OTAQ’s model for estimation of onroad mobile emissions factors 

MP Multi-pollutant 

NEI National Emission Inventory 

NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants 

NH3 Ammonia 

NMIM National Mobile Inventory Model 

ORD Office of Research and Development 

NONROAD OTAQ’s model for estimation of nonroad mobile emissions 

NOX Nitrogen oxides 

OTAQ EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

PM Particulate matter 

PM2.5 Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns 

PM10 Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns 

POTW Publicly-Owned Treatment Works 

RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis 

RPO Regional Planning Organization 

SCC Source Classification Code

SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions 

SOCMI Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry 

SO2 Sulfur dioxide 

TSD Technical support document 

VOC Volatile organic compounds 

VMT Vehicle miles traveled 
iv

List of Tables 

Table 2-1. HAPs used for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform.............................................................. 7 

Table 2-2. Sectors Used in Emissions Modeling for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform .................. 13 

Table 2-3. Pollutants computed for ptfire sector and emissions factors...................................... 16 

Table 2-4. Nonptfire data for CAPs and HAPs............................................................................ 19 

Table 2-5. Onroad Pollutants and their corresponding modes..................................................... 20 

Table 2-6. NEI HAPs included for aircraft, locomotive and commercial marine vessel (CMV) 

sources................................................................................................................................... 23 

Table 3-1. Key emissions modeling steps for the CAP+HAP Platform by sector ...................... 28 

Table 3-2. Descriptions of the Grids for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform ..................................... 31 

Table 3-3. Model Species produced by SMOKE for CB05, 2002 CAP-only and CAP+HAP 

Platform................................................................................................................................. 32 

Table 3-4. HAP model species added to CB05 model species for the CMAQ MP Model ......... 33 

Table 3-5. Options for Combining HAP VOC with CAP VOC for different types of HAP VOC

............................................................................................................................................... 34 

Table 3-6. Use of HAP VOC in the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform .................................................. 37 

Table 3-7. Temporal Settings Used for the Platform Sectors in SMOKE................................... 39 

Table 3-8. List of Airports Modified in ARTOPNT.................................................................... 41 

Table 3-9. Example profiles for HAPs for integrate and no-integrate cases ............................... 43 

Table 3-10. Criteria used to determine the sources for which the “integrate” case applies ........ 46 

Table 4-1. Speciated Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions by US State and by Sector within the 

36 km CONUS Domain (i.e., the lower 48). ........................................................................ 48 

Table 4-2. Mercury Emissions from non-NEI anthropogenic sectors [tons/year]....................... 53 

Table 4-3. Mercury Emissions from non-anthropogenic sources [tons/year].............................. 53 

Table 4-4. Sector Emission Totals From 2002 MP Platform for CONUS domain (i.e. the lower 

48 states, plus DC, tribal data).............................................................................................. 54 

Table 4-5. Summary of VOC and VOC HAP emissions used in VOC HAP integration. From 

2002 MP Platform for CONUS domain (i.e. the lower 48 states, plus DC, tribal data)....... 58 

List of Figures 

Figure 3-1. CMAQ modeling domain for the CAP+HAP runs. ................................................... 30 

Figure 3-2 Combining HAP and CAP Inventories ...................................................................... 36 

Figure 3-3. The Multiple Geographic Coordinates Assigned to Detroit International Airport in 

the Updated ARTOPNT SMOKE Ancillary File ................................................................. 40 
v

List of Appendices 

APPENDIX A: List of all HAPs in the NEI 

APPENDIX B: Emission summaries by state and sector 

APPENDIX C: Modification of the 2002 NEI v3 emissions in the Detroit Area 

 
 

6

1 Introduction 

This volume describes the emissions inventory and emissions modeling for the 2002-based 

multi-pollutant platform that includes both Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs) and Hazardous Air 

Pollutants (HAPs). In particular, it describes the emission inputs to the multi-pollutant version of 

CMAQ, which estimates concentrations and deposition of ozone, particulate matter and 

approximately 40 air toxics. This report focuses on the differences in emissions inputs and 

processing techniques between the 2002-based platform for CAPs, described in Volume II and 

the 2002-based multi-pollutant platform for which toxic air pollutants, or HAPs, were added. 

We refer to the 2002-based platform for CAPs as “CAP-only” in the remainder of this document. 

This platform was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from 

primarily the EPA’s 2002 version 3 National Emissions Inventory (NEI), which contains both 

CAPs and HAPs. As such, it is considered version 3.0 of the 2002-based multi-pollutant (MP) 

platform; we denote it for the remainder of this document as “CAP+HAP.” 

Much of the data, tools and ancillary files are identical to those used in the 2002 CAP-only 

platform, which is documented in Volume II. The key differences are that: 

(1) In addition to the CAPs, we used the HAPs in the 2002 NEI to generate model-ready 

emissions for the approximately 40 toxics species in the CMAQ MP model; 

(2) We used the HAPs in the NEI as part of the VOC speciation process; 

(3) We prepared additional non-anthropogenic emission data for elemental mercury and 

chlorine (in addition to the NEI emissions); 

(4) We prepared emissions only for a 2002 model evaluation case; that is, we did not 

prepare a 2002 base case or any future year cases; 

(5) The 12 km domain was limited to a small 12 km Eastern grid (the 36 km domain was 

the same as in the CAP-only Platform); and, 

(6) Emissions for the 12 km domain were modified from those in the 36 km domain to 

incorporate local scale data for the Detroit area; these data affected both CAPs and 

HAPs in the nonpt and alm sectors. 

The main challenges of processing HAPs and CAPs for the CMAQ MP model are the overlap of 

CAP and HAP emissions, which could lead to double counting of emissions, and the 

incommensurability, or inconsistency, in the CAP and HAP emissions data. The potential for 

double counting arises because HAPs are not mutually exclusive of CAPs. Some HAPs are 

VOCs, such as benzene and other organic compounds we call “HAP VOCs”), and some HAPs 

are particulate matter (PM), such as manganese and other metals. For PM HAPs,2

 we processed 

the HAPs separately from the PM, and did not adjust or incorporate the HAP PM mass into the 

criteria PM. This is because the HAP PM mass does not influence the model chemistry. For 

HAP VOCs, we developed special processing techniques to incorporate or combine the HAP 

VOCs with the CAP VOC in a manner that attempted maximal use of the HAP inventory and 

prevented double counting of emissions. The speciation emissions processing step needed these 

special processing techniques, as discussed in Section 3.2.2 and 3.3.2. 

 

2

 With the exception of diesel PM, which is technically not a HAP, but is considered an air toxic and is simulated by 

the CMAQ MP model. Diesel PM mass was computed as PM from diesel engines, and was processed using PM 

emissions, in a way that it did not impact the mass of PM. 
 

7

Another challenge of combining the HAP and CAP emissions is the incommensurability of 

emissions estimates between HAPs and CAPs across sources. For example, a source may have 

more hexane (a HAP VOC) than VOC, or a source with VOC from a combustion process that is 

expected to also have formaldehyde (a HAP VOC), does not have formaldehyde emissions. 

Section 2 describes the emission inputs to SMOKE for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform, focusing 

on the addition of HAP emissions inputs, and the consistency between the HAP VOCs and CAP 

VOC. Section 3 discusses the emission processing approach, focusing on the methods developed 

to combine HAP VOCs and CAP VOC. Section 4 presents emission summaries, and Section 5 

provides references. 

Data files, summaries and SMOKE run scripts associated with the CAP+HAP Platform are 

available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, under the heading, “CAP and 

HAP 2002-Based Platform, Version 3.” 

2 2002 emission inventories and approaches- differences 

between CAP+HAP and CAP-only 

Similar to the CAP-only Platform, the 2002 NEI version 3 is the primary basis for the emissions 

for the CAP+HAP platform. The NEI contains emissions for both HAPs and CAPs. The HAP 

list originates from Section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as amended in 1990. Pollutants 

or categories of pollutants currently defined as HAPs can be found at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/pollsour.html, which presents the original list and all modifications. 

The CAP+HAP platform uses both HAPs and CAPs from the 2002 NEI. Unlike the CAP 

inventory in which we used all pollutants for the CAP-only platform, numerous HAPs are 

included in the NEI that we did not use in the CAP+HAP platform. While they were present in 

the emission inputs to SMOKE, they were dropped in the first SMOKE processing program, 

Smkinven. We only used the NEI HAPs that are: 

(1) HAP model species, that is, concentrations are generated by the CMAQ MP model, or 

(2) HAP VOCs that we chose as candidates for use in speciation, based on how 

geographically represented they were as components of VOC (see Section 3.3.2). 

Table 2-1 provides the HAPs in the NEI that are used in the platform, and describes how they 

were used (i.e., model species, VOC speciation, or both). A complete list of HAPs in the 2002 

NEI is provided in Appendix A. 

Table 2-1. HAPs used for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform 

Pollutant 

Code in 

NEI Pollutant Code Description 

Modeled by 

CMAQ? 

Used for VOC 

Speciation? 

Section 112 HAP 

CATEGORY (if different 

from NEI pollutant) 

79345 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Yes No 

106990 1,3-Butadiene Yes Yes 

542756 1,3-Dichloropropene Yes No 

106467 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Yes Yes 
 

8

Pollutant 

Code in 

NEI Pollutant Code Description 

Modeled by 

CMAQ? 

Used for VOC 

Speciation? 

Section 112 HAP 

CATEGORY (if different 

from NEI pollutant) 

540841 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane No Yes 

584849 2,4-Toluene Diisocyanate Yes Yes 

75070 Acetaldehyde Yes Yes 

98862 Acetophenone No Yes 

107028 Acrolein Yes Yes 

107131 Acrylonitrile Yes No 

71432 Benzene Yes Yes 

109 Beryllium & Compounds Yes No Beryllium Compounds 

1304569 Beryllium Oxide Yes No Beryllium Compounds 

7440417 Beryllium Yes No Beryllium Compounds 

92524 Biphenyl No Yes 

117817 Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate No Yes 

10325947 Cadmium Nitrate Yes No Cadmium Compounds 

125 Cadmium & Compounds Yes No Cadmium Compounds 

1306190 Cadmium Oxide Yes No Cadmium Compounds 

543908 Cadmium acetate Yes No Cadmium Compounds 

7440439 Cadmium Yes No Cadmium Compounds 

75150 Carbon Disulfide No Yes 

56235 Carbon Tetrachloride Yes Yes 

7782505 Chlorine Yes No 

108907 Chlorobenzene No Yes 

67663 Chloroform Yes Yes 

10060125 Chromium Chloride, Hexahydrate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

10101538 Chromic Sulfate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

10294403 Barium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

10588019 Sodium Dichromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

11103869 Zinc Potassium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

12018018 Chromium Dioxide Yes No Chromium Compounds 

12018198 Chromium Zinc Oxide Yes No Chromium Compounds 

1308141 Chromium Hydroxide Yes No Chromium Compounds 

1308389 Chromic Oxide Yes No Chromium Compounds 

1333820 Chromium Trioxide Yes No Chromium Compounds 

13530659 Zinc Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

13530682 Chromic Sulfuric Acid Yes No Chromium Compounds 

136 Chromium & Compounds Yes No Chromium Compounds 

13765190 Calcium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

14307336 

Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), calcium 

salt (1:1) 

Yes 

No Chromium Compounds 

16065831 Chromium III Yes No Chromium Compounds 

18540299 Chromium (VI) Yes No Chromium Compounds 

50922297 Zinc Chromite Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7440473 Chromium Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7738945 Chromic Acid (VI) Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7775113 Sodium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7778509 Potassium Dichromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7788989 Ammonium chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 
 

9

Pollutant 

Code in 

NEI Pollutant Code Description 

Modeled by 

CMAQ? 

Used for VOC 

Speciation? 

Section 112 HAP 

CATEGORY (if different 

from NEI pollutant) 

7789006 Potassium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7789062 Strontium Chromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

7789095 Ammonium Dichromate Yes No Chromium Compounds 

106445 p-Cresol No Yes 

Cresol/Cresylic Acid 

(Mixed Isomers) 

108394 m-Cresol No Yes 

Cresol/Cresylic Acid 

(Mixed Isomers) 

1319773 Cresol No Yes 

Cresol/Cresylic Acid 

(Mixed Isomers) 

95487 o-Cresol No Yes 

Cresol/Cresylic Acid 

(Mixed Isomers) 

98828 Cumene No Yes 

84742 Dibutyl Phthalate No Yes 

131113 Dimethyl Phthalate No Yes 

75003 Ethyl Chloride No Yes 

100414 Ethyl Benzene No Yes 

106934 Ethylene Dibromide Yes No 

107062 Ethylene Dichloride Yes Yes 

107211 Ethylene Glycol No Yes 

75218 Ethylene Oxide Yes Yes 

50000 Formaldehyde Yes Yes 

822060 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate Yes No 

110543 Hexane No Yes 

302012 Hydrazine Yes No 

7647010 Hydrochloric Acid Yes No 

10099748 Lead Nitrate Yes No Lead Compounds 

1309600 Lead Dioxide Yes No Lead Compounds 

1317368 Lead (II) Oxide Yes No Lead Compounds 

1335326 Lead Subacetate Yes No Lead Compounds 

18454121 Lead Chromate Oxide Yes No Lead Compounds 

195 Lead & Compounds Yes No Lead Compounds 

301042 Lead Acetate Yes No Lead Compounds 

602 Lead Compounds (Inorganic) Yes No Lead Compounds 

603 

Lead Compounds (Other Than 

Inorganic) 

Yes 

No Lead Compounds 

7439921 Lead Yes No Lead Compounds 

7446142 Lead Sulfate Yes No Lead Compounds 

7758976 Lead Chromate Yes No Lead Compounds 

7784409 Lead Arsenate Yes No Lead Compounds 

78002 Tetraethyl Lead Yes No Lead Compounds 

108316 Maleic Anhydride Yes No 

12079651 

Manganese, tricarbonyl (.eta.5-2,4-

cyclopentadien-1-yl)- 

Yes 

No Manganese Compounds 

1313139 Manganese Dioxide Yes No Manganese Compounds 

1317346 Manganese Trioxide Yes No Manganese Compounds 

1317357 Manganese Tetroxide Yes No Manganese Compounds 

198 Manganese & Compounds Yes No Manganese Compounds 
 

10

Pollutant 

Code in 

NEI Pollutant Code Description 

Modeled by 

CMAQ? 

Used for VOC 

Speciation? 

Section 112 HAP 

CATEGORY (if different 

from NEI pollutant) 

7439965 Manganese Yes No Manganese Compounds 

7785877 Manganese Sulfate Yes No Manganese Compounds 

199 Mercury & Compounds Yes No Mercury Compounds 

200 Elemental Gaseous Mercury Yes No Mercury Compounds 

201 Gaseous Divalent Mercury Yes No Mercury Compounds 

202 Particulate Divalent Mercury Yes No Mercury Compounds 

22967926 Mercury (Organic) Yes No Mercury Compounds 

7439976 Mercury Yes No Mercury Compounds 

7487947 Mercuric Chloride Yes No Mercury Compounds 

67561 Methanol Yes Yes 

74873 Methyl Chloride No Yes 

78933 Methyl Ethyl Ketone3 No Yes 

108101 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone No Yes 

80626 Methyl Methacrylate No Yes 

1634044 Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether No Yes 

75092 Methylene Chloride Yes No 

68122 N,N-Dimethylformamide No Yes 

91203 Naphthalene Yes Yes 

10101970 Nickel (II) Sulfate Hexahydrate Yes No Nickel Compounds 

12035722 Nickel Subsulfide Yes No Nickel Compounds 

13138459 Nickel Nitrate Yes No Nickel Compounds 

1313991 Nickel Oxide Yes No Nickel Compounds 

13463393 Nickel Carbonyl Yes No Nickel Compounds 

13770893 Nickel Sulfamate Yes No Nickel Compounds 

226 Nickel & Compounds Yes No Nickel Compounds 

373024 Nickel Acetate Yes No Nickel Compounds 

7440020 Nickel Yes No Nickel Compounds 

7718549 Nickel Chloride Yes No Nickel Compounds 

7786814 Nickel Sulfate Yes No Nickel Compounds 

108952 Phenol No Yes 

120127 Anthracene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter 

129000 Pyrene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

191242 Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

206440 Fluoranthene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

208968 Acenaphthylene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

83329 Acenaphthene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

85018 Phenanthrene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

86737 Fluorene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

193395 Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

205992 Benzo[b]Fluoranthene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

207089 Benzo[k]Fluoranthene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

218019 Chrysene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

50328 Benzo[a]Pyrene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

 

3

 No longer a HAP, but still used in the 2002 Platform 
 

11

Pollutant 

Code in 

NEI Pollutant Code Description 

Modeled by 

CMAQ? 

Used for VOC 

Speciation? 

Section 112 HAP 

CATEGORY (if different 

from NEI pollutant) 

53703 Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

56553 Benz[a]Anthracene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

192972 Benzo[e]Pyrene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

198550 Perylene No Yes Polycyclic Organic Matter

123386 Propionaldehyde No Yes 

78875 Propylene Dichloride Yes No 

75569 Propylene Oxide No Yes 

91225 Quinoline Yes No 

100425 Styrene No Yes 

127184 Tetrachloroethylene Yes No 

108883 Toluene Yes Yes 

79016 Trichloroethylene Yes Yes 

121448 Triethylamine Yes Yes 

108054 Vinyl Acetate No Yes 

75014 Vinyl Chloride Yes No 

106423 p-Xylene Yes Yes 

108383 m-Xylene Yes Yes 

1330207 

Xylenes (Mixture of o, m, and p 

Isomers) 

Yes 

Yes 

95476 o-Xylene Yes Yes 

We used the nearly the same platform sectors as the CAP-only Platform. We list the differences 

below. 

(1) We did not have an avefire sector because we did not run a 2002 base case or any future 

cases. 

(2) We created additional sectors (othpt_hg and othar_hg) for mercury emissions from data 

sources other than the NEI. Mercury is the only HAP in these sectors and is only 

available in Canada. 

(3) The California nonroad HAP emissions input to SMOKE were annual temporal 

resolution instead of monthly. Nonroad HAPs for other states and nonroad CAPs for 

California used monthly temporal resolution. 

(4) We created the nonpt_det and alm_det sectors, which contained Detroit-specific CAP and 

HAP inventory improvements for particular sources in these sectors. We used these 

sectors in place of nonpt and alm for the 12 km grid. The nonpt_det sector contained 

modifications to solvents, and residential wood combustion emissions, and the alm_det 

contained modifications, to locomotive and commercial marine emissions in the Detroit 

area that were developed to capture local emissions for the Detroit area. Appendix B 

provides more detail on the emission modifications made to these source categories. 

For most sectors, we included the HAP emissions inputs in separate SMOKE-ready files from 

the CAPs. For the ptfire sector, HAPs and CAPs are contained within the same file. 

The SMOKE emission inventory inputs for 2002 are available at the 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, under the links “CAP and HAP 2002-
 

12

Based Platform, Version 3,” and “Data Files” (see “2002emis”directory). The “readme” file in 

that directory indicates the particular zipped files associated with each platform sector. 

Table 2-2 presents the platform sectors in the 2002-MP platform and indicates which sectors 

contain HAP emissions. More information on the spatial and temporal resolution of the sectors 

can be found in Volume II. 
 

13

Table 2-2. Sectors Used in Emissions Modeling for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform 

PLATFORM 

SECTOR 

2002 NEI 

SECTOR 

Description Contains 

HAP 

emissions? 

IPM sector: ptipm Point NEI EGU processes at facilities mapped to the IPM model 

using the National Electric Energy Database System 

(NEEDS) database. 

Yes. 

Non-IPM sector: 

ptnonipm

Point All NEI point source records not matched to the ptipm 

sector. 

Yes. 

Point source fire 

sector: ptfire 

Fires Point source fire inventory - contains wildfires and 

prescribed burning. 

Yes 

Nonpt fire sector: 

nonptfire 

Fires and 

Nonpoint 

Prescribed burning fires at county level Yes 

Agricultural sector: 

ag

Nonpoint NH3 emissions from NEI nonpoint livestock and fertilizer 

application. 

No 

Area fugitive dust 

sector: afdust

Nonpoint PM10 and PM2.5 from fugitive dust sources from the NEI 

nonpoint inventory. 

No 

Remaining nonpoint 

sector: nonpt (36 

km) and nonpt_det 

(12 km *

Nonpoint All nonpoint sources not otherwise included in other 

SMOKE sectors. 

Yes 

Nonroad sector: 

nonroad

Mobile: 

Nonroad 

Nonroad emissions from National Mobile Inventory Model 

(NMIM) using NONROAD2005, other than for California, 

in which emissions submitted by the California Air 

Resources Board (CARB) were used. CARB data for 

HAPs are annual, other data are monthly. 

Yes 

Aircraft, 

locomotive, marine: 

alm (36 km) and 

alm_det (12 km)*

Mobile: 

Nonroad 

Aircraft, locomotive, commercial marine. Yes 

Onroad: onroad Mobile: 

onroad 

Onroad mobile sources from the MOBILE6 model via 

NMIM other than for California, in which emissions 

submitted by the CARB were used. 

Yes 

Biogenic: biog N/A Hour-specific emissions generated from the BEIS3.13 

model (includes emissions in Canada and Mexico) run 

with SMOKE. 

No 

Other point sources 

not from the NEI: 

othpt

N/A Point sources from Canada’s 2000 inventory, Mexico’s 

1999 inventory, and off-shore point sources from the 2001 

platform 

No 

Other nonpoint and 

nonroad not from 

the NEI: othar

N/A Canada and Mexico nonpoint and nonroad mobile 

inventories 

No 

Other onroad 

sources not from the 

NEI: othon

N/A Canada and Mexico onroad mobile inventories No 

Other point 

mercury: othpt_hg 

N/A Canada point Hg Yes, Hg only 

Other nonpoint 

mercury: othar_hg 

N/A Canada nonpoint Hg Yes, Hg only 

We used the sectors “alm_det” and “nonpt_det for the 12 km grid. We modified emissions of certain sources in 

these sectors to provide a more locally representative profile of multiple CAP and HAP, and consistently estimated, 

pollutant emissions. The purpose of this modification was to use the 12 km results for the Detroit Multi-pollutant 

Study. 
 

14

In addition to the above sectors, we included two additional gridded emissions datasets to create 

the CMAQ-ready emissions: (1) natural mercury, volcanic mercury, recycled mercury and (2) 

ocean chlorine. Section 2.6 describes the development of these inventories. 

2.1 2002 Point sources (ptipm and ptnonipm) 

The 2002 point-source emissions are based on the Version 3.0 of the 2002 NEI. Documentation 

for the development of the point source NEI is at: 

 ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2002finalnei/documentation/point/

 2002nei_final_point_source_documentation0206.pdf 

and is the same as that referenced in Volume I. 

Although the point-source inventory contains both CAPs and HAPs, the development of the 

inventory was not always done using a consistent approach. This means that the 2002 NEI can 

have emission records for the same facility for which CAPs use one facility identifier and HAPs 

use another identifier. When this happens, the records for one facility identifier has only CAPs 

and no HAPs (or vice versa), simply because the data were either not reported or reported using a 

different facility identifier. For example, a facility identifier used only for submitting HAP 

records may include a number of HAP VOCs such as benzene, and formaldehyde, but will 

exclude VOC because it is a CAP. Ideally, this same facility would include a VOC number that 

is consistent with the HAP VOC by being greater than or equal to the sum of the HAP VOCs. 

Instead, that VOC is either not available or available using a different facility identifier. 

There are valid reasons for the HAP and CAP data not always being consistent. Primarily, this is 

caused by the data being compiled from different data sources. Since States are not required to 

submit HAP emissions as part of the CAA, they may only provide CAP estimates for their 

facilities. HAP emissions may come from state submittals, but are also often filled in with data 

collected by EPA HAP rule developers (e.g., for National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 

Pollutants or Residual Risk Standards) or the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). VOC emissions 

are usually only provided from state submittals; in contrast, TRI is often used to gap-fill HAPs 

and NH3. While there are valid reasons for these inconsistencies, using these data posed some 

additional challenges that are explained in Section 3. 

For purposes of modeling these data in SMOKE, we separated the CAP and HAP records into 

different data files. We did this in part to make the files smaller and in part because the 

CAP-only processing was faster and simpler without the HAP data present. Further the CAP 

processing needed to be completed before the HAP data were available. We made the same 

changes prior to modeling as for the CAP emissions (described in Volume II, Section 2.1) except 

that we did not treat any point HAP emissions as fugitive dust sources, which would have needed 

transport fractions applied. We chose this approach because we could not confirm that the HAP 

emissions from the point fugitive dust SCCs were actually fugitive dust sources, since non-PM 

HAPs were also included for some of these SCCs. In any case, the quantity of emissions from 

these state-submitted data was very small. 

Similar to the CAPs, the point-source HAP emissions were separated into two platform sectors: 

ptipm and ptnonipm. The same set of emission units (using the NEI variable Unit ID) for 
 

15

splitting the CAP emissions into ptipm versus ptnonipm modeling sectors was used to split the 

HAP emissions into these two sectors. This approach is described in Volume 1, Section 2.2.1. 

For this approach to be effective across the CAP and HAP inventory records, it requires using 

the same set of Facility and Unit IDs for both HAP and CAP emissions. A large number of HAP 

emission records with IDs created by EPA early in the 2002 NEI development had to be revised 

to match the State/Local/Tribal-provided IDs as part of the 2002 NEI v3 updates. For some 

Facility IDs however, this necessary integration of HAP and CAP IDs was not in place before we 

created the HAP SMOKE input file. As a result, some of these facilities were included in the 

ptnonipm sector when they should have been included in the ptipm sector. In particular, we 

found Facility IDS that began with “EGU” in ptnonipm that belonged in ptipm. 

We created day-specific emissions for the HAPs in the ptipm sector in the same way we created 

them for the CAPs (see Volume 1, Section 2.1.1). For units with CEM data, we used the CEM’s 

hourly heat input data to allocate the HAP annual emissions to hourly values. 

2.2 2002 Nonpoint sources (afdust, ag, nonpt/nonpt_det) 

As shown in Table 2-1, the afdust and ag sectors do not contain HAP emissions; no changes 

were made to these sectors for the CAP+HAP platform. For the nonpt sector, we made the same 

changes to the HAPs as we made to the CAPs (discussed in Section 2.2.3 of Volume II) for the 

36 km grid. 

For the 12 km grid, we used a modified the nonpt sector, “nonpt_det.” For this sector, the HAP 

and CAP emissions for the solvents and residential wood combustion categories were replaced 

with local scale emissions for the Detroit area. The Detroit modifications are discussed in more 

detail in Appendix B. 

The HAP emissions for the 2002 nonpoint sector of the NEI are documented in: 

 ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2002finalnei/documentation/nonpoint/

 2002nei_final_nonpoint_documentation0206version.pdf 

The development of HAP emissions for Portable Fuel Containers (PFCs) is not described at the 

above link, but rather in the Technical Support Document (TSD) for the National Scale Modeling 

of Air Toxics for the Final Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule (EPA, 2007). The following HAPs 

are present in the PFC inventory: ethyl benzene; hexane; methyl tert-butyl ether; 

2,2,4 trimethylpentane; benzene; naphthalene; toluene and xylenes. 

EPA created the PFC HAPs using the county and SCC-level VOC emissions (described in 

Volume II). For PFC HAPs other than benzene, HAP emissions were created by multiplying the 

county-level PFC VOC emissions by the county-level ratio of HAP Light Duty Gasoline 

Vehicle) (LDGV) evaporative emissions to VOC LDGV evaporative emissions. We computed 

benzene by applying a factor based on an adjusted county-level ratio of refueling benzene to 

refueling VOC. The specific adjustment for benzene and formulas used for benzene and the 

other HAPs are provided in the TSD referenced above (EPA, 2007). 
 

16

EPA also generated some HAP emissions records to gap-fill where states did not provide HAPs. 

Generally, for the EPA-generated nonpoint source data, HAP and CAP inventory records used 

the same source attributes (i.e., SCCs) and used the same underlying activity. EPA multiplied 

consistent activity values with both HAP and CAP emissions factors. While it is not guaranteed 

that HAP emissions factors are consistent with the CAP factors, (e.g., they may have been 

developed from separate studies) the use of consistent activity data is a significant step towards 

consistent emissions estimates. For the state-submitted data, there may be HAPs but no CAPs 

for a given SCC, or vice versa, depending upon whether a state chose to submit HAP data with 

their CAP data. 

2.3 Fires (ptfire, nonptfire) 

The fire sectors for the 2002 CAP+HAP platform represent year 2002-specific fires. The daily 

SMOKE-ready ptfire data contain both HAP and CAP records in the same files, with one file 

created for each month. EPA computed the HAP emissions using the same methods as the 

CAPs. The following table shows the emissions factors for each of the pollutants computed for 

point-source fires. 

Table 2-3. Pollutants computed for ptfire sector and emissions factors 

 

 Pollutant 

Pollutant 

Code 

Emissions 

Factor Units 

 Ammonia NH3 

 Volatile Organic Compounds VOC 

 Nitrogen Oxides NOx 

 Sulfur Dioxide SO2 

 Methane CH4 

 Carbon Monoxide CO 

 PM 2.5 PM2_5 

See Air Sciences Report(Air Sciences, 2007) 

 PM 10 PM10 PM10 = 1.18*PM2.5 

 1,3-butadiene 106990 0.405 LB/TON Fuel Consumed 

 acetaldehyde 75070 0.40825 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 acrolein 107028 0.424 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 anthracene 120127 0.005 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benz(a)anthracene 56553 0.0062 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzene 71432 1.125 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(a)fluoranthene 203338 0.0026 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(a)pyrene 50328 0.00148 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(c)phenanthrene 195197 0.0039 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(e)pyrene 192972 0.00266 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(ghi)perylene 191242 0.00508 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 benzo(k)fluoranthene 207089 0.0026 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 Benzofluoranthenes +++ 56832736 0.00514 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 carbonyl sulfide 463581 0.000534 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 chrysene 218019 0.0062 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 fluoranthene 206440 0.00673 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 formaldehyde 50000 2.575 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 193395 0.00341 LB/TON Fuel Consumed
 

17

 methyl chloride 74873 0.128325 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 methylanthracene 26914181* 0.00823 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 methylbenzopyrenes 247** 0.00296 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 methylchrysene 248 0.0079 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 1-Methylpyrene 2381217 0.00905 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 n-hexane 110543 0.0164025 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 o,m,p-xylene 1330207 0.242 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 perylene 198550 0.000856 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 phenanthrene 85018 0.005 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 pyrene 129000 0.00929 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

 toluene 108883 0.56825 LB/TON Fuel Consumed

+++ The emissions for Benzofluoranthenes duplicate the individual compounds of 

benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)fluoranthene. Therefore it should be dropped from the ptfire files. 

*Although 26914181 is in the ptfire files, it is an invalid pollutant code. The actual valid pollutant code 

for methylanthracene is 26714181. 

** Although 247 is in the ptfire files, it is an invalid pollutant code. Should use valid pollutant code for 

methylbenzopyrene 65357699 

*** Although 248 is in the ptfire files, it is an invalid pollutant code. Should use valid pollutant code for 

methylchrysene 41637905 

The HAP factors are the same as those used in the 1996 NTI (documentation at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/old/eidata/96area_may2001.pdf) , and were from a number of different 

sources. Emission factors for benzene, butadiene, and formaldehyde were from the 112k 

inventory documentation (EPA, 1997). The emission factors for acrolein, acetaldehyde, 

carbonyl sulfide, methyl chloride, toluene, and xylenes were obtained from Ward, et al. (1993). 

The emission factors for polycyclic aromatic compounds were obtained from the POM L and E 

report (EPA, 1998). 

The nonptfire sector contains Georgia prescribed burning, which utilize the above emissions 

factors and similar procedures as other prescribed point-source fires; however, these emissions 

were summed to the county level because the data were not temporally allocated by day of 

month. It would not have made sense to have point-source fires in one location for an entire 

month. 

We also found other county-level prescribed burning data in the nonpoint NEI which we 

included in the nonptfire sector. For Maryland and North Carolina, only CAPs were included. 

Texas provided both CAPs and HAPs; however, we do not know whether the HAPs and CAPs 

were computed consistently. 
 

18

Table 2-4 provides the States, SCCs, and pollutants contained in the nonptfire sector for the 

CAP+HAP Platform. 

 
 

19

Table 2-4. Nonptfire data for CAPs and HAPs. 

State SCCs HAPs CAPs 

Georgia 28100150F0, 

28100050F0 

Same as in Table 2-3 Same as in Table 2-3

Texas 2810005000 Ethyl Benzene, Styrene, 1,3-

Butadiene, Acrolein, Toluene, Phenol, 

Hexane, Propionaldehyde, Xylenes 

(Mixture of o, m, and p Isomers), 15-

PAH, Formaldehyde, Methanol, 

Benzene, Methyl Bromide, Methyl 

Chloride, Methyl Iodide, Acetonitrile 

Acetaldehyde, Methyl Ethyl Ketone 

CO, NH3, NOX 

PM10, PM2.5 

VOC 

North Carolina 2810005000 none CO, NOX, VOC 

Maryland 2810005000 none CO, NOX, VOC 

PM10, PM2.5 
 

20

2.4 2002 Mobile sources (onroad, nonroad, alm) 

The EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) generated most of the mobile 

emissions using the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM); the only exceptions were for 

onroad and nonroad emissions from California and emissions from aircraft, locomotive, and 

commercial marine sources (“alm” sector). Unlike stationary sources, the mobile-source 

inventory sectors have a limited number of HAPs from the full set listed in Appendix A; we list 

them below in Table 2-5 and Table 2-6. 

The NMIM model uses the same inputs to compute HAPs at the same time as CAPs; therefore, 

we deemed the HAP and CAP estimates to be consistent. However, for some SCCs (e.g., liquid 

petroleum gas fueled nonroad equipment), only VOC, not HAPs, are available in the inventory. 

We put the CAPs and HAPs in separate SMOKE-ready files to reduce file sizes and because the 

CAP-only version of the platform was created first. 

2.4.1 Onroad mobile sources (onroad sector) 

As with the CAP-only platform, we used the NMIM-generated emissions in the onroad sector 

with the exception of California. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) submitted annual 

onroad emissions, and we converted them to monthly emissions for the CAP+HAP platform 

using NMIM for calculating month-specific average-day emissions. Thus, we used monthspecific emissions for both CAP and HAP onroad emissions, which account for temperature, fuel 

types, and other variables that vary by month. Similar to CAPs, we did not use the refueling 

onroad HAP emissions generated by NMIM, since the NEI contains onroad refueling emissions 

in the nonpoint inventory (i.e., gasoline distribution, Stage II, SCC=2501060100). The refueling 

emissions were therefore removed from the NMIM outputs prior to generating the SMOKEready inventory files. 

As with the CAPs, the NMIM computes HAP by emissions mode. Table 2-5 shows the modes 

for specific CAPs and HAPs in the onroad inventories. Some HAP VOCs are only in the exhaust 

mode whereas others are both in exhaust and evaporative modes. The metals are only in the 

exhaust mode. 

Table 2-5. Onroad Pollutants and their corresponding modes 

Pollutant 

code Pollutant 

Evaporative Exhaust Brakewear 

Tirewear 

100414 Ethyl Benzene 9 9 

100425 Styrene 9 

106990 1,3-Butadiene 9 

107028 Acrolein 9 

108883 Toluene 9 9 

110543 Hexane 9 9 

120127 Anthracene 9 

123386 Propionaldehyde 9 
 

21

Pollutant 

code Pollutant 

Evaporative Exhaust Brakewear 

Tirewear 

129000 Pyrene 9 

1330207 Xylene 9 9 

1634044 MTBE 9 9 

18540299 Chromium (Cr6+) 9 

191242 Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 9 

193395 Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene 9 

19408743 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

205992 Benzo(b)fluoranthene 9 

206440 Fluoranthene 9 

207089 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 9 

208968 Acenaphthylene 9 

218019 Chrysene 9 

3268879 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 9 

35822469 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

39001020 Octachlorodibenzofuran 9 

39227286 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

40321764 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

50000 Formaldehyde 9 

50328 Benzo(a)pyrene 9 

51207319 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 9 

53703 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 9 

540841 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 9 9 

55673897 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran 9 

56553 Benz(a)anthracene 9 

57117314 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 9 

57117416 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 9 

57117449 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 9 

57653857 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

1746016 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin 9 

60851345 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 9 

67562394 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran 9 

70648269 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 9 

71432 Benzene 9 9 

72918219 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 9 

7439965 Manganese 9 

7440020 Nickel 9 

16065831 Chromium (Cr3+) 9 

75070 Acetaldehyde 9 

83329 Acenaphthene 9 

85018 Phenanthrene 9 

86737 Fluorene 9 

91203 Naphthalene 9 9 

CO Carbon Monoxide 9 

CO2 Carbon Dioxide 9 

NH3 Ammonia 9 

NOX Nitrogen Oxides 9 
 

22

Pollutant 

code Pollutant 

Evaporative Exhaust Brakewear 

Tirewear 

PM10-PRI Primary PM10 (Filterables and Condensibles) 9 9 9

PM25-PRI Primary PM2.5 (Filterables and Condensibles) 9 9 9

SO2 Sulfur Dioxide 9 

VOC Volatile Organic Compounds 9 9 

200 Mercury (elemental gaseous) 9 

201 Mercury (divalent gaseous) 9 

202 Mercury (particulate) 9 

93 Arsenic & compounds 9 

2.4.2 Nonroad mobile sources –NMIM-based nonroad (nonroad) 

For this sector, we used the NMIM monthly emissions, based on NONROAD2005 as discussed 

in Volume II, Section 2.5.2 for all states except for California where we used CARB-submitted 

data. The nonroad pollutants are the same as the onroad, except that 1) there is also a refueling 

mode for all pollutants with an evaporative mode, 2) particulate pollutants have only the exhaust 

mode; no brake-wear or tire-wear modes and 3) California’s included additional HAPs that were 

not generated by NMIM such as cadmium, lead, chlorine, methanol, cumene, methyl ethyl 

ketone and cresols. 

As discussed in Volume II, Section 2.5.2, the CARB provided data to the NEI based on an 

alternative to NONROAD2005. The CARB data were annual and were not provided with the 

mode information. As indicated in Volume II, we disaggregated California’s CAP annual 

emissions and used the resultant monthly mode-specific California data for input into SMOKE. 

For the HAPs, however, we chose to input the annual data into SMOKE such that SMOKE 

would perform the monthly temporalization. We provided SMOKE with monthly profiles to use 

for California, which were based on region-specific activity data by equipment type. These data 

were consistent with those used with the NONROAD2005 model (EPA, 2005a). Based on a 

study of the different monthly allocation approaches (Strum et. al., 2007), we determined that 

there was not a large difference resulting in the use of NMIM to disaggregate emissions versus 

use of the equipment activity temporal profiles for California. 

The California annual data did not include the mode, but we didn’t need it for the HAPs, 

because, as discussed in Section 3, we did not integrate VOC with the HAP VOCs for any 

California nonroad sources. 

2.4.3 Nonroad mobile sources: aircraft, locomotive and commercial 

marine (alm sector) 

HAP emissions for the alm sector for the 36 km grid were from the NEI, and were developed 

similarly to the CAP emissions. They have annual resolution, and include a mixture of EPAgenerated estimates and state-developed estimates. The state estimates were used for SCCs and 

counties for which states or local agencies provided data. 
 

23

For the 12 km grid, we used a modified the alm sector, “alm_det.” For this sector, the HAP and 

CAP emissions for the commercial marine and locomotive categories were replaced with local 

scale emissions for the Detroit area. The Detroit modifications are discussed in more detail in 

Appendix B. 

EPA computed the HAPs listed in Table 2-6 for aircraft, locomotive and commercial marine 

vessels. 

Table 2-6. NEI HAPs included for aircraft, locomotive and commercial marine vessel 

(CMV) sources 

Pollutant Code Pollutant Aircraft CMV Locomotive 

100414 Ethyl Benzene 9 9 9

100425 Styrene 9 9 9

106990 1,3-Butadiene 9 9

107028 Acrolein 9 9 9

108883 Toluene 9 9 9

108952 Phenol 9 

110543 Hexane 9 9 9

120127 Anthracene 9 9 9

123386 Propionaldehyde 9 9 9

129000 Pyrene 9 9 9

1330207 Xylenes (Mixture of o, m, and p Isomers) 9 9 9

191242 Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene 9 9 9

193395 Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene 9 9 9

195 Lead & Compounds 9 9 9

205992 Benzo[b]Fluoranthene 9 9 9

206440 Fluoranthene 9 9 9

207089 Benzo[k]Fluoranthene 9 9 9

208968 Acenaphthylene 9 9 9

218019 Chrysene 9 9 9

50000 Formaldehyde 9 9 9

50328 Benzo[a]Pyrene 9 9 9

53703 Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene 9 

540841 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 9 9 9

56553 Benz[a]Anthracene 9 9 9

71432 Benzene 9 9 9

75070 Acetaldehyde 9 9 9

83329 Acenaphthene 9 9 9

85018 Phenanthrene 9 9 9

86737 Fluorene 9 9 9

91203 Naphthalene 9 9 9

7440417 Beryllium 9 9

125 Cadmium & Compounds 9 9

18540299 Chromium (VI) 9 9

16065831 Chromium III 9 9

7439965 Manganese 9 9
 

24

Pollutant Code Pollutant Aircraft CMV Locomotive 

7440020 Nickel 9 9

40 16-PAH 9

75 7-PAH 9

7782492 Selenium 9

2.5 Other (“oth”) sectors: Canada, Mexico and Offshore 

The only HAP emissions available from the Canadian, Mexican and offshore inventories were 

Canadian point and nonpoint mercury. These emissions were from the year 2000 and were used 

for the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) (EPA, 2005b). Because we did not want to rerun the 

CAP emissions from othpt, othar and othon generated for the CAP-only platform, we chose to 

create two separate sectors for the Hg emissions: othar_hg, which contains only Canadian 

nonpoint mercury, and othpt_hg, which contains only Canadian point mercury. 

Note that we could have used the PM estimates from the “othar”, “othon” to generate diesel PM , 

but we did not do this. 

2.6 SMOKE-ready non-anthropogenic inventories for mercury and 

chlorine 

This section discusses how we generated elemental mercury from natural (N), recycled (R) and 

volcanic (V) emissions, which we added to anthropogenic (A) elemental mercury processed from 

the inventories discussed above, to provide the elemental mercury species “HGNRVA” required 

by CMAQ,. This model species is intended to include the sum of elemental mercury emissions 

from these sources. This section also describes the generation of the ocean chlorine. Both the 

HGNRVA and ocean chlorine inventories had been developed for previous applications of 

CMAQ with mercury (for 2001 and for a 36 km grid), and their origins are discussed in more 

detail in other references (Bullock and Brehme, 2002; Seigneur et. al, 2004, and Seigneur et. al, 

2001). We updated these to 2002 and prepared the data for the 12 km grid; the sections below 

discuss these updates. They are developed as gridded, hourly inventories similar to the outputs 

from SMOKE for one sector. Thus, these data are not run through SMOKE but rather are 

merged with the sector-specific SMOKE outputs to create the final CMAQ-ready emissions. 

2.6.1 Mercury 

The non-anthropogenic portion of elemental mercury (HGNRV) for 2002 was developed using 

similar data sources and approaches as were used for the 2001 modeling comparison study with 

Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Incorporated (AER), Jerry Lin of Lamar University 

and EPA. Estimates for natural, recycled and volcanic mercury for 2001 were developed with 

coordination and data from Christian Seigneur and Jerry Lin for 2001 (Seigneur et. al, 2004 and 

Seigneur et. al, 2001). The initial data for natural mercury, provided by AER, consisted of three 

existing global inventories containing annual flux rates of elemental mercury, gridded to 1 

degree by 1 degree resolution:

• mercury emissions from oceans 

• mercury emissions from land 
 

25

• mercury emissions from volcanoes 

Annual fluxes of recycled elemental mercury for 2001 were created using the deposition results 

from a CMAQ4.5.1 run. The approaches assumed that all recycled mercury emissions are in the 

form of elemental mercury gas. It is necessary to treat these recycled emissions whenever a 

version of CMAQ is used that also treats dry deposition of elemental mercury gas. The total 

deposition (wet plus dry) of all forms of mercury was used as the basis for the recycled emission 

estimates. A fraction of one-half the total deposition flux was used as the estimate for recycled 

emissions based on previous model calibrations done by AER. This fraction is subject to future 

adjustment as the processes controlling the recycling of mercury are better understood. 

Natural and recycled emissions from oceans and land (but not volcanic emissions) were allocated 

to hourly values based on the meteorological variables of solar radiation and temperature, which 

are shown to be positively correlated with the evasion of elemental mercury from water surfaces 

soils and vegetation. While the correlation is widely variable for each substrate, simple scaling 

functions for land and ocean developed for the 2001 applications were used for the 2002 

Platform: 

Ocean: ∑ ∗ −

∗ −

allhrs

hr hr

SOLRAD SFCTMP

SOLRAD SFCTMP

[ ( 273)]

( 273) or exactly zero for SFCTMP < 273 K 

Land: ∑ ∗ −

∗ −

allhrs

hr hr

SOLRAD SFCTMP

SOLRAD SFCTMP

[ ( 253)]

( 253) or exactly zero for SFCTMP < 253K 

where SOLRAD is the solar radiation in W/m^2 and SFCTMP is the skin temperature (degrees 

Kelvin), both from the 2-dimensional meteorology file from the Meteorology Chemistry 

Interface Processor (MCIP) output. 

EPA performed the following steps to create the 36 km gridded HGNRVA emissions: 

1. Regridded the annual natural Hg inventory for 2001 provided by AER, from 

latitude/longitude coordinate system at a 1 degree by 1 degree resolution to the 36 km 

grid for use in the 2002 Modeling Platform and convert from Megagrams to moles. 

These natural Hg emissions were provided by AER as three separate files: (1) direct 

land emissions, (2) direct ocean emissions, and (3) volcano emissions. 

2. Created 2001 annual recycled elemental Hg in Mg/yr by assuming the recycled 

emissions are half of the deposited mercury (sum of wet and dry deposition) from a 

2001 run of CMAQ4.5.1. The annual sum of wet and dry deposition for the 36 km grid 

across all mercury species: HG, HGIIGAS, APHGI+J were created by post processing 

the output of the CMAQ 4.5.1 run done for 2001 to sum to the annual level and to 

create emissions from deposition fluxes. The gridded deposition values were 

multiplied by 0.5; land and water recycled mercury were tracked separately based on 

the grid cell location (land versus ocean) resulting in a separate annual gridded estimate 

for land-recycled elemental mercury and ocean-recycled mercury. 

3. Computed the 2002 meteorological-based scaling factors used to temporally allocate 

the gridded annual natural and recycled Hg into hourly emissions files. Gridded, 
 

26

hourly values of skin temperature and solar radiation were extracted from the 2002 

MET data 2-dimensional file from the MCIP data. 

4. Created hourly gridded files of natural and recycled mercury (but not volcano mercury) 

by scaling the 2001 annual gridded emissions using the meteorological-based scaling 

factors computed in Step 3. Separate files are created for each day of 2002 plus a 10 

day ramp-up period. Each of the 10 ramp-up days included the same emissions as 

January 1, 2002. 

5. Created hourly gridded volcano emissions from the annual gridded volcano file. The 

hourly gridded volcano emissions were generated as a single (representative) day by 

treating every hour as uniform in the year. The following equation was used to 

generate hourly volcano emissions, in moles/s from annual volcano emissions, in 

Mg/yr: 

⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

×⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛

×⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟×

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛

×⎟

⎟

⎠

⎞

⎜

⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟ =

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

−

hr

s

day

hr

yr

day

mole

g

Mg

g x

yr

Mg Hg yr

s

moles Hg hrly

200.59 365 24 3600

1 10

_ _

6

For 12 km modeling in the east, we divided the 36 km annual emissions of natural, recycled and 

volcano mercury equally into the component 12 km grid cells and subsetted the domain to the 

small East. We computed 12 km-resolved 2002 meteorological-based scaling factors used to 

temporally allocate the 12 km gridded annual natural and recycled Hg into hourly emissions 

files, and applied them to create hourly, gridded natural and recycled emissions for the 3 rampup days (ramp-up days all used January 1, 2002 emissions) and each day in 2002. 

2.6.2 Chlorine 

The oceanic chlorine gas emission estimates were the same as those used in previous Hg 

modeling, based on the build-up of molecular chlorine (Cl2) concentrations in oceanic air masses 

(Bullock and Brehme, 2002). Data at 36 km and 12 km resolution were available and were not 

modified other than the name “CHLORINE” was changed to “CL2” because that is the name 

required by the CMAQ MP model. 

3 Emissions modeling summary 

As described in Volume I, processing of the emissions data involved the steps of temporal 

allocation, spatial allocation, pollutant speciation, and vertical allocation of point sources. The 

main differences in these steps between the CAP-only versus the CAP+HAP platforms are listed 

below. 

1. We used different data for pollutant speciation. We modified the speciation profiles as 

follows: 

• We added profiles to create the HAP model species supported by the CMAQ MP model 

using the HAPs in the inventory. For example, we added a profile to map benzene 

emissions to the model species BENZENE. 
 

27

• We modified VOC profiles to prevent double counting emissions for the HAP model 

species that are also CAP-only model species. These model species are: FORM 

(formaldehyde), ALD2 (acetaldehyde), and MEOH (methanol). We developed the 

modified VOC profiles by removing formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from the 

speciation profile in the SPECIATE database, and running the Speciation Tool (Jimenez 

et al., 2007). For these modified profiles, the sum of the species does not add to 1. 

• We integrated the HAP VOC into the VOC speciation profiles for sources for which the 

HAP VOC and VOC were determined to be consistent and allow for use of the 

“integrate” case. We created a SMOKE ancillary file “NHAPEXCLUDE” for each 

sector, which controlled which sources in that sector would use the modified profiles. 

2. We used a small East 12 km domain, and no Western 12 km domain; we modified the 

emissions for the 12 km domain (both HAP and CAP) for seven counties in the Detroit area 

to support the Detroit Pilot study (see XXX). 

3. We applied monthly speciation to California-submitted annual nonroad sector sources in 

SMOKE rather than creating a monthly inventory prior to input into SMOKE (see Section 

2.4.2). 

4. We processed two additional sectors: othpt_hg and othar_hg, which contain only speciated 

mercury emissions. 

All SMOKE inputs and scripts for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform emissions are available at the 

Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors (CHIEF) Emissions Modeling 

Clearinghouse (EMCH) website, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, under the 

heading, “CAP and HAP 2002-Based Platform, Version 3.” 

3.1 The SMOKE modeling system 

We used SMOKE to process the raw emissions to create the emissions inputs for the CMAQ 

Multi-pollutant Model. The SMOKE version 2.4 source code and executables can be used to 

reproduce our emissions modeling, and these are available from the Community Multiscale 

Analysis System (CMAS) Center at http://www.cmascenter.org. The scripts used for running 

SMOKE are available on the CHIEF website provided above. 

In addition to the updates to SMOKE that we listed in Volume II, a few SMOKE updates were 

made specifically to support the HAP processing and were not listed in Volume 1. As indicated 

in Volume 1, although the release of SMOKE version 2.4 happened after we completed our 

modeling, SMOKE version 2.4 provides essentially the same version of SMOKE used for the 

2002-based modeling platform. 

These additional SMOKE updates for HAPs are: 

• Support of longer pollutant codes (up to 16) in the day-specific point-source inventory 

files (PTDAY) 

• Support the creation of mode-specific NONHAPVOC (e.g., EXH__NONHAPVOC and 

EVP__NONHAPVOC) by subtracting mode-specific HAP from mode-specific VOC. 

• New reporting capabilities in Smkreport for HAPs 
 

28

The release notes for SMOKE Versions 2.3 and 2.4 document these updates; the notes are 

available with the SMOKE documentation at http://www.smoke-model.org. 

One particular SMOKE change that was investigated but not implemented was the ability for 

SMOKE to compute NONHAPVOC for day-specific inventory inputs such as in the ptfire and 

ptipm sectors. 

3.2 Key emissions modeling settings 

The key emissions modeling setting were described in Volume II, Section 3.2 for the CAP-only 

platform. The additional key emissions modeling setting for CAP+HAP processing is each 

sector’s approach for SMOKE to integrate the HAP VOCs with CAP VOC for some or all 

sources within that sector. The name of the SMOKE setting for this is called 

‘NHAPEXCLUDE’ which is also the logical name of the file containing specific sources within 

a sector that will not be integrated (discussed more Section 3.3.2). Section 3.2.3 describes the 

approach we used for each sector to integrate CAP VOC with HAP VOC, and Table 4-5 in 

Section 4 summarizes the amount of HAP VOCs and VOC integrated for each sector. 

Table 3-1 summarizes the major processing steps of each platform sector in the CAP+HAP 

platform and indicates any changes from the CAP-only approach (described in Table 3-1 in 

Volume I). As described in Volume I, the “Spatial” column shows the spatial approach: “point” 

indicates that SMOKE maps the source from a point location to a grid cell, “surrogates” indicates 

that some or all of the sources use spatial surrogates to allocate county emissions to grid cells, 

and “area-to-point” indicates that some of the sources use the SMOKE area-to-point feature to 

grid the emissions. The “Speciation” column indicates that all sectors use the SMOKE 

speciation step, though biogenics speciation is done within BEIS3 and not as a separate SMOKE 

step. The “Inventory resolution” column shows the inventory temporal resolution from which 

SMOKE needs to calculate hourly emissions. The “plume rise” column indicates the sectors for 

which SMOKE computes vertical plume rise and creates merged emissions that are 3-

dimensional instead of one layer. The ‘CAP/HAP VOC Integration’ column indicates the sectors 

for which SMOKE integrates the VOC and the HAP VOC for some or all sources. 

Table 3-1. Key emissions modeling steps for the CAP+HAP Platform by sector 

Platform 

sector Spatial Speciation 

Inventory

resolution 

Plume 

rise 

CAP/HAP VOC 

Integration1

ptipm point Yes daily & 

hourly 

Yes 

ptnonipm point Yes annual Yes Some 

othpt point Yes annual Yes 

nonroad surrogates & 

area-to-point 

Yes Monthly 

and annual2

 All except in 

California 

othar surrogates Yes annual 

alm surrogates & 

area-to-point 

Yes annual Some 

onroad surrogates Yes monthly All except in 
 

29

Platform 

sector Spatial Speciation 

Inventory

resolution 

Plume 

rise 

CAP/HAP VOC 

Integration1

California 

othon surrogates Yes annual 

nonpt surrogates & 

area-to-point 

Yes annual Some 

ag surrogates Yes annual (no VOC) 

afdust surrogates Yes annual (no VOC) 

biog pre-gridded 

landuse in BEIS hourly 

ptfire point Yes daily Yes 

nonptfire surrogates Yes annual Some 

avefire3 N/A N/A N/A 

othpt_hg4 point Yes annual Yes 

othar_hg4 surrogates Yes annual 

Changes from CAP-only: 

1. No CAP/HAP VOC integration was done for the CAP-only platform 

2. HAP nonroad inventory was annual, CAP was monthly 

3. avefire not used in CAP+HAP platform 

4. sectors not used in CAP-only platform 

3.2.1 Spatial configuration 

For the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform, we ran SMOKE and CMAQ for a modeling domain with 36 

km and a modeling domain with 12 km spatial resolution. The 12 km domain for the CAP+HAP 

Platform is different than the CAP-only Platform in that (1) it didn’t cover the west, and (2) the 

Eastern 12 km domain is smaller; it does not go as far west as the CAP-only Platform. Figure 

3-1 shows the 36 km CONtinental United States “CONUS” modeling domain, and the 12 km 

small eastern domain. 
 

30

Figure 3-1. CMAQ modeling domain for the CAP+HAP runs. 

As with the CAP-only runs, these grids use a Lambert-Conformal projection, with Alpha = 33, 

Beta = 45 and Gamma = -97, with a center of X = -97 and Y = 40. Table 3-2 describes the grids 

for the two domains. The projection name is ‘LAM_40N97W'. 

36km Domain Boundary

Small 12km East Domain Boundary
 

31

Table 3-2. Descriptions of the Grids for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform 

Common Name 

Grid Cell 

Size 

Description 

(see Figure 3-1) Grid name 

Parameters listed in SMOKE grid 

description (GRIDDESC) file: 

 projection name, xorig, yorig, 

 xcell, ycell, ncols, nrows, nthik 

US 36 km or 

CONUS-36 36 km 

Entire conterminous US 

plus some of 

Mexico/Canada 

US36KM_148X112 ‘LAM_40N97W', -2736.D3, 

-2088.D3, 36.D3, 36.D3, 148, 112, 1 

Small East 12 km 12 km 

Same as Big east on all 

sides except only goes 

west to Texas (cuts the 

Dakotas in half) 

EUS12_216X240

‘LAM_40N97W ', -252.D3, -1620.D3, 

12.D3, 12.D3, 216, 240, 1 

NOTES: 

.D# equals *10^#. Thus -97.D0 is -97*10^0 = -97

3.2.2 Chemical speciation configuration 

The chemical speciation configuration was designed for the CMAQ MP model, for which the 

CB05 standard chemical mechanism used for simulations of criteria pollutants was modified to 

also produce concentrations of certain HAPs along with ozone and PM. The modifications were 

made to account for the additional production and decay of HAPs, while retaining the chemistry 

and radical cycling of the original mechanism. HAPs are included in the mechanism as either 1) 

“explicit CB05 HAPs” (also called “active toxics”) where their concentrations are solved at each 

internal time step (time scale of minutes) and their decay affects the concentrations of other 

species, or 2.) “tracer toxics” where their concentrations are only updated at every output time 

step (time scale of one hour or more). The significance between tracer and active toxics is the 

influence of the active toxics on the chemical mechanism calculations within CMAQ, especially 

radical levels. 

Table 3-3 shows the CB05 model species; active toxics in that table are FORM, ALD2 and 

MEOH. Note that although FORM is considered explicit formaldehyde, there are several nonformaldehyde compounds mapped to FORM in the SMOKE speciation profiles, due to the fast 

rate of decay. A similar relationship exists between ALD2 and HAP inventory emissions of 

acetaldehyde and between MEOH and HAP inventory emissions of methanol. Table 3-4 

presents the HAP model species added to the CMAQ MP model; all are tracer toxics other than 

CL2 and HCL. 

The approach for PM2.5 emissions is the same as in the CAP-only platform. The only difference 

is that in addition to creating the PM2.5 species we also create diesel PM2.5 species and diesel 

PMC. The diesel PM species are a subset of the PM species; in particular, they represent PM 

species only from diesel mobile engines. 
 

32

Table 3-3. Model Species produced by SMOKE for CB05, 2002 CAP-only and CAP+HAP 

Platform 

Inventory Pollutant Model Species Model species description 

CO CO Carbon monoxide 

NOX NO Nitrogen oxide 

NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 

SO2 SO2 Sulfur dioxide 

SULF Sulfuric acid vapor 

NH3 NH3 Ammonia 

ALD2* Acetaldehyde 

ALDX Propionaldehyde and higher aldehydes 

ETH Ethene 

ETHA Ethane 

ETOH Ethanol 

FORM* Formaldehyde 

IOLE Internal olefin carbon bond (R-C=C-R) 

ISOP Isoprene 

MEOH* Methanol 

OLE Terminal olefin carbon bond (R-C=C) 

PAR Paraffin carbon bond 

TOL Toluene and other monoalkyl aromatics 

VOC and various HAP 

VOC* 

XYL Xylene and other polyalkyl aromatics 

Various additional 

VOC species from the 

biogenics model which 

do not map to the 

above model species 

TERP Terpenes 

PM10 PMC Coarse PM > 2.5 microns and ≤ 10 microns 

PEC Particulate elemental carbon ≤ 2.5 microns 

PNO3 Particulate nitrate ≤ 2.5 microns 

POC Particulate organic carbon (carbon only) ≤ 2.5 

microns 

PSO4 Particulate Sulfate ≤ 2.5 microns 

PM2.5 

PMFINE Other particulate matter ≤ 2.5 microns 

* Active toxic because it is an explict CB05 HAP
 

33

Table 3-4. HAP model species added to CB05 model species for the CMAQ MP Model 

Inventory 

Pollutant (name 

used by SMOKE 

inventory Table) 

HAP Model Species in 

MP model 

Model species description 

BENZENE BENZENE Benzene 

BUTADIE BUTADIENE13 1,3 Butadiene 

CARBONTET CARBONTET Carbon tetrachloride 

CHCL3 CHCL3 Chloroform 

CL2_C2_12 CL2_C2_12 Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) 

CL3_ETHE CL3_ETHE Trichloroethylene 

DICHLRBNZN DICHLOROBENZENE p-dichlorobenzene 

DICLPRO13 DICHLOROPROPENE 1,3-Dichloropropene 

ETHDIBROM BR2_C2_12 Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane) 

ETOX ETOX Ethylene oxide 

HCL HCL Hydrochloric acid 

HEXAMTHLE HEXAMETHY_DIIS Hexamethylene diisocyanate 

HGSUM and 

HG 

HGNRVA Elemental Gaseous Mercury 

HGSUM and 

HGIIGAS 

HGIIGAS Divalent Gaseous Mercury 

HGSUM and 

PHGI 

PHGI Divalent Particulate Mercury 

HYDRAZINE HYDRAZINE Hydrazine 

MALANHYD MAL_ANHYDRIDE Maleic anhydride 

MECL CL2_ME Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane) 

XYLS and 

MXYL 

MXYL M-xylene 

XYLS and 

OXYL 

OXYL O-xylene 

XYLS and 

PXYL 

PXYL P-xylene 

NAPHTH NAPHTHALENE Naphthalene 

ACRYNITRL ACRYLONITRILE Acrylonitrile 

ACROLEI ACROLEIN Acrolein 

CHROM 

CHROMHEX 

CHROMHEX_F Hexavalent Chromium, fine particulate 

CHROM 

CHROMHEX 

CHROMHEX_C Hexavalent Chromium, coarse particulate 

CHROM 

CHROMTRI 

CHROMTRI_F Trivalent Chromium, fine particulate 

CHROM 

CHROMTRI 

CHROMTRI_C Trivalent Chromium, coarse particulate 

CHLORINE CL2 Chlorine 
 

34

Inventory 

Pollutant (name 

used by SMOKE 

inventory Table) 

HAP Model Species in 

MP model 

Model species description 

PROPDICLR PROPDICHLORIDE Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane) 

TOL_DIIS TOL_DIIS 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate 

TOLUENE TOLU Toluene 

TRIETHLAMN TRIETHYLAMINE Triethylamine 

TTCLE1122 CL4_ETHANE1122 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 

VINYCHLRI CL_ETHE Vinyl Chloride 

MANGANESE MANGANESE_C Manganese, coarse particulate 

MANGANESE MANGANESE_F Manganese, fine particulate 

NICKEL NICKEL_C Nickel, coarse particulate 

NICKEL NICKEL_F Nickel, fine particulate 

CADMIUM CADMIUM_C Cadmium, coarse particulate 

CADMIUM CADMIUM_F Cadmium, fine particulate 

BERYLLIUM BERYLLIUM_C Beryllium, coarse particulate 

BERYLLIUM BERYLLIUM_F Beryllium, fine particulate 

LEAD LEAD_C Lead, coarse particulate 

LEAD LEAD_F Lead, fine particulate 

DIESEL_PNO3 Primary nitrate from Diesel Mobile engines 

DIESEL_PMFINE Primary Other Particulate, from Diesel 

Mobile engines 

DIESEL_PSO4 Primary Sulfate, from Diesel Mobile 

engines 

DIESEL_POC Primary Organic Carbon, from Diesel 

Mobile engines 

PM2.5 

DIESEL_PEC Primary Elemental Carbon, from Diesel 

Mobile engines 

PM10 

PM2.5 

DIESEL_PMC Coarse Particulate, Primary Organic 

Carbon, from Diesel Mobile engines 

3.2.3 The Approach to Combine HAP and CAP Inventories 

The first part of this section discusses the options available for combing HAP and CAP 

inventories for use with the CMAQ MP model, and describes how SMOKE implements the 

“integrate” case and “no-integrate” case options. The second part of this section discusses the 

options we chose for combining the inventories for the CAP+HAP platform. 

3.2.3.1 Options Available 

There are many options to combine HAP VOC and CAP VOC without double counting 

emissions. Table 3-5 shows these options for the different types of VOC HAP. 

Table 3-5. Options for Combining HAP VOC with CAP VOC for different types of HAP 

VOC 
 

35

Type of 

HAP 

VOC: 

Description Options 

Non 

CMAQ 

HAP 

HAP is not a model species in the CMAQ 

MP model, and is not explicitly represented 

by a CB05-SOA class. 

Examples: 2,2,4 trimethylpentane, hexane, 

styrene, MTBE. 

Because we do not model these in CMAQ 

as explicit species, the emissions of these 

species from the HAP inventory would not 

be used at all if we don’t integrate them 

with CAP VOCs. 

(1) Use HAP inventory to adjust CAP VOC 

speciation profiles, “integrate case” 

(2) Don’t integrate (i.e., don’t use HAP EI 

emissions), “no-integrate case” To the extent 

that sources emit these species we assume 

that these emissions are adequately captured 

in the CAP VOC speciation profiles. 

CMAQ 

Tracer 

HAP 

HAP is a CMAQ MP model species, but it 

is not an explicit CB05-SOA class. 

Examples: butadiene, acrolein. 

(1) Use HAP inventory for tracer species, 

and to adjust CAP VOC speciation profiles, 

“integrate case” 

 (2) Use HAP inventory for tracer species, 

but obtain emissions for allocation to CB05 

classes from CAP VOC speciation profiles 

with no integration, “no-integrate case.” 

(3) Obtain emissions for HAP tracer species 

and for allocation to CB05-SOA classes from 

CAP VOC speciation profiles (i.e., don’t use 

HAP EI emissions). 

Active 

toxic 

(Explicit 

CB05 

HAP) 

The HAP is a CMAP MP species which is 

also a CB05 class. These HAPs are: 

formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and methanol. 

(1) Obtain emissions from HAP inventory 

with integration, “integrate case” 

(2) Obtain emissions from HAP inventory 

but without integration - - which would result 

in a change in the mass of CAP VOC 

emissions, “no-integrate case.” 

(3) Obtain emissions from CAP VOC 

speciation profiles (i.e., don’t use HAP EI 

emissions) 

For the “integrate” case, the VOC provides the non-HAP part of the mass; the HAP inventory 

provides the HAP-part of the VOC mass, and the total VOC mass is conserved (neither increased 

nor decreased). The HAPs and non-HAP part of the VOC are mapped to the appropriate model 

species in the chemical mechanism. Use of the “integrate” case assumes that the HAPs may be 

generated with a more detailed methodology than is done using the traditional speciation of VOC 

and therefore can provide more accurate model species estimates. We have some evidence this 

is true for some parts of the 2002 NEI. For example, onroad benzene estimated with 

MOBILE6.2 may be more accurate than speciation of VOC from MOBILE6 because of the 

complex relationships between fuels and engine parameters included in this model for this 

pollutant. Specifically, this complex relationship cannot be captured through a speciation profile 

applied to a mobile source category code and emission process. 

For the “no-integrate” case, the CAP VOC is speciated to provide only those model species that 

are not Explict CB05 HAPs (i.e., that are not active toxics). Thus, the HAP inventory provides 
 

36

the mass of Explicit CB05 HAPs and tracer HAPs, but does not influence any other CB05 class. 

Because we do use the HAP inventory for all HAP model species, we might have named this 

case the “partial-integrate” case. However, we have used the word “no-integrate” to be 

consistent with the current set of SMOKE documentation pertaining to this method of combining 

HAP and CAP inventories. This case is needed when it is impractical or invalid to integrate the 

inventories, and the user prefers to use HAP emissions than conserve VOC mass for the sources 

that cannot be integrated. 

Figure 3-2 shows a schematic of the “integrate” and “no-integrate” cases and reflects how 

SMOKE implements them. 

Figure 3-2 Combining HAP and CAP Inventories 

.

For the “integrate” case, we compute emissions for a new pollutant: NONHAPVOC, which 

contains that portion of the VOC that are not toxics VOC; the computation is done on a sourceby-source basis. When using SMOKE, the user identifies the particular toxics VOC to subtract 

in the Inventory Table (INVTABLE). SMOKE input file; these toxics must be consistent across 

a single SMOKE run. 

SMOKE can use both the “integrate” and “no-integrate” cases within a single run. SMOKE uses 

the NHAPEXCLUDE file to choose sources that get the “no-integrate” case based on source 

information by SCC and state/county FIPS code. 

3.2.3.2 Approach Used 

VOC from 

CAP inventory 

HAP VOC from 

inventory 

Create NONHAPVOC: 

 = VOC – sum(HAP VOC) 

SPECIATION:

nonHAPVOC is speciated to model species 

other than HAP model species 

HAPs are mapped to model species

Model species 

Integrate Case No-Integrate Case

Keep only active or 

tracer HAP model 

species 

HAP VOC 

from inventory 

CAP VOC from 

inventory 

Model Species 

SPECIATION: 

VOC is speciated to model species other than 

HAP model species (profile sum can be < 1) 

HAPs are mapped to only HAP model species 

(active or tracer)

User provides 

adjusted VOC profiles 

that remove active 

HAPs (profile sum 

can be < 1) User provides speciation 

profiles for nonHAPVOC 

and profiles to map HAP to 

model species 
 

37

The approach we used for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform was based on the premise that the HAP 

inventory is the choice inventory to use for modeling both Explicit CB05 HAPs and tracer HAPs, 

and that we would not speciate VOC to generate these HAPs, but rather use the HAP inventory. 

Thus, we never used Option 3 from Table 3-5. 

In addition to using the HAP inventory for the active and tracer HAP model species, we 

“integrated” the HAP VOCs with the VOC from the CAP inventory for inventory sources that 

were deemed to have consistent CAP VOC and HAP VOCs, based on specific criteria (the 

criteria are presented in Section 3.4.2.3). The impact of this integration is to adjust the VOC 

speciation for these sources, which would change the emissions for the CB05 classes derived 

from VOC from the CAP-only case. For sources that did not meet the criteria, we did not 

integrate the HAP VOC with the VOC. For these sources, we did not change the VOC 

speciation for the nonHAP CB05 classes derived from VOC, but we did change emissions for the 

Explict CB05 HAPs. 

Table 3-6 summarizes the use of CMAQ HAPs differences between processing CAP+HAP 

emissions and CAP-only emissions for each platform sector. For most sectors, differences exist 

due to use of the HAP inventory for the HAP model species. For sectors with the most 

significant VOC emissions (onroad, nonroad and nonpt), however, we also used the “integrate” 

case for sources meeting the CAP VOC and HAP VOC consistency criteria. 

Table 3-6. Use of HAP VOCs in the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform 

Platform sector Use of HAP inventory 

ptipm

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP) 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• No-integrate case 

ptnonipm

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP) 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating HAP VOCs with CAP VOC 

ptfire

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP) 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• No-integrate case 

nonptfire 

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating the HAP VOCs with the VOC; these sources are only in 

Texas 

ag

No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 

Platform 

afdust No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 
 

38

Platform 

nonpt

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating the HAP VOCs with the VOC 

nonroad

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP) 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating HAP VOCs with CAP VOC (all sources except those 

in California) 

alm

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP)Use 

HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating the HAP VOCs with the VOC 

onroad

• Use formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol from HAP 

inventory for FORM, ALD2 and MEOH (Explict CB05 HAP) 

• Use HAP inventory for HAP tracer species 

• Change VOC speciation for sources meeting the criteria for 

integrating HAP VOCs with CAP VOC (all sources except those 

in California) 

biog No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 

Platform 

othpt No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 

Platform 

othar No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 

Platform 

othon No HAP in sector – use model ready emissions from CAP-only 

Platform 

3.2.4 Temporal processing configuration 

Table 3-7 summarizes the temporal aspect of the emissions processing configuration for the 

additional sectors used in the CAP+HAP Platform and the nonroad inventory. All other sectors 

use the same configuration as the CAP-only platform. 
 

39

Table 3-7. Temporal Settings Used for the Platform Sectors in SMOKE 

Platform 

sector 

Inventory 

resolution 

Monthly

profiles

used? 

Daily 

temporal 

approach 1,2

Merge 

processing 

approach 1,3

Process 

Holidays as 

separate days? 

nonroad monthly & 

annual mwdss mwdss yes 

othar_hg annual yes mwdss mwdss no 

othpt_hg annual yes mwdss mwdss no 1 Definitions for processing resolution: 

all = hourly emissions computed for every day of the year, inventory is already daily. 

week = hourly emissions computed for all days in one week for each month, which means emissions have 

day-of-week variation, but not week-to-week variation within the month. 

mwdss= hourly emissions for one Monday, weekday, Saturday for Sunday for each month, which means 

emissions have variation between Mondays, other weekdays, Saturdays and Sundays within the 

month, but not week-to-week variation within the month. Also Tuesdays, Wednesdays and 

Thursdays, and Fridays are treated the same. 

aveday = hourly emissions computed for one day of each month, which means emissions for all days of 

each month are the same. 

2 Daily temporal approach refers to the temporal approach for getting daily emissions from the 

inventory using the Temporal program. The values given are the T_TYPE setting in SMOKE. 

3 Merge processing approach refers to the days used to represent other days in the month for the merge 

step. If not “all”, then the SMOKE merge step just runs for representative days, which could include 

holidays as indicated by the rightmost column. The values given are the M_TYPE setting in SMOKE. 

3.3 Emissions modeling ancillary data differences from CAP-only 

In this section, we summarize changes to the ancillary data that SMOKE used to perform spatial 

allocation, chemical speciation, and temporal allocation for the 2002 MP Platform. The ancillary 

data for the CAP+HAP Platform are available at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, under the links “CAP and HAP 2002-

Based Platform, Version 3,” and “Data Files” (see “ancillary_smoke” directory). 

3.3.1 Spatial allocation ancillary files 

The spatial data files for the 2002 CAP+HAP Platform are the same as those used for the 2002 

CAP-only platform (see Section 3.3.1 of Volume 1), with one exception described below.

The one different spatial allocation ancillary file is the area-to-point (ARTOPNT) file. We 

modified this file only for use with the 12 km grid (the small East). The modification was to 

allow certain airports in the Detroit area to be assigned to multiple latitude and longitudes, and 

thus allocated to multiple grid cells, rather than a single latitude longitude per airport as had been 

done with the CAP-only Platform (and 36 km grids for both CAP+HAP and CAP-only 

Platforms). This was desirable for the finer scale modeling, which utilized 1 km spatial 

resolution for the gridded emissions. The larger airports are far greater than 1 km by 1 km, so it 

was more realistic to spread the emissions over the various grid cells containing the airport than 

to choose a single 1 km by 1 km grid cell to assign to all of the airport-related emissions. 
 

40

We used aerial photographs overlayed with 1 km grid cells to determine the particular 

geographic coordinates and allocation factors to disaggregate each airport’s emissions. Different 

allocation factors were assigned to different airport-related sources such as airport ground 

support equipment, aircraft emissions, and refueling emissions based on the amount of terminals 

or runways in each 1 km by 1 km grid cell (based on visual inspection of the photographs). 

We noticed that this change caused a difference in the spatial allocation of emissions related to 

airports at 12 km resolution; the emissions for the Detroit International Airport (DTW)were 

allocated to two adjacent 12 km grid cells. Figure 3-1 shows the distinct points we used to 

allocate DTW emissions, and how they fall into two adjacent 12 km grid cells. 

Figure 3-3. The Multiple Geographic Coordinates Assigned to Detroit International 

Airport in the Updated ARTOPNT SMOKE Ancillary File 

All airports that were further disaggregated are listed in Table 3-8. 
 

41

Table 3-8. List of Airports Modified in ARTOPNT 

Airport 

Abbreviation 

County Number of latitude / longitude 

coordinates 

7D2 Oakland 2 

DET Wayne 3 

DTW Wayne 16 

MTC Macomb 8 

ONZ Wayne 2 

PTK Oakland 2 

YIP Wayne 5 

3.3.2 Chemical speciation ancillary files 

The inventory table, speciation cross reference, VOC-to-TOG conversion factors and speciation 

profiles are used for chemical speciation. These data are different from the CAP-only case, in 

that they contain data to produce the additional HAP model species shown in Table 3-4, and they 

also enable the combination of the HAP and CAP inventory pollutants via the integrate and nointegrate cases described in Section 3.2.3.

3.3.2.1 Chemical Speciation Profile Files (GSPRO) 

Profiles for Speciation to CB05 classes 

For VOC speciation, we generated SMOKE-ready “integrate” case NONHAPTOG-to-model 

species and “no-integrate” case TOG-to-model species profiles for the CB05 chemical 

mechanism using the Speciation Tool (Eyth, 2006 and Jimenez, 2007). We combined these 

profiles together since “integrate” and “no-integrate” sources could be present in a sector and 

would be processed by the same SMOKE run (as opposed to separate SMOKE runs for integrate 

vs. no-integrate sources). The speciation profiles for the integrate case include profiles that: 

1. map the HAP VOC inventory pollutants to nonHAP CB05 classes (e.g., benzene maps to 

PAR and UNR), 

2. map NONHAPTOG to nonHAP model species4

 (e.g., NONHAPTOG maps to OLE, 

UNR, TOL, XYL, etc.), and 

3. map HAP inventory pollutants to HAP model species5

 (e.g., benzene maps to 

BENZENE). 

The speciation profiles for the no-integrate case include: 

1. profiles that map formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol to FORM, ALD2 and 

MEOH, respectively. 

 

4

 Because some non-formaldehyde compounds map to FORM (same for ALD2 and MEOH), NONHAPTOG also 

maps to HAP CB05 classes. 

5

 Discussed more in the subsection below. 
 

42

2. modified profiles (non-normalized) from which formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and 

methanol have been removed, and 

3. profiles that map HAP inventory pollutants to HAP model species (e.g., BENZENE_NOI 

maps to BENZENE). 

To allow no-integrate and integrate cases to be done within the same SMOKE run and using the 

same GSPRO file, we developed profiles that map the VOC HAPs to themselves using an 

“_NOI” appended to the name. Sample GSPRO records that show how HAPs are mapped to 

model species for the integrate and no-integrate cases are provided in Table 3-9. Note that the 

“NOI” is not needed for acetaldehyde, formaldehyde or methanol because these HAPs are 

mapped only to the CB05 HAP model species, and no other CB05 species; therefore, for these 

HAPs the integrate and no-integrate case use the same HAP-to-model species mapping. 
43

Table 3-9. Example profiles for HAPs for integrate and no-integrate cases GSPRO Record Code NEI Pollutant Model Split Divisor Mass  Species Factor Factor 

Type of Model Species 

CASE E

0000 BENZENE_NOI BENZENE 1.0000 78.1118 1.0000 HAP Tracer No-integrate N

rn“m

0000 BENZENE BENZENE 1.0000 78.1118 1.0000 HAP Tracer Integrate i

ms

0000 BENZENE PAR 0.1667 13.0186 0.1667 CB05 – non HAP Integrate i

mH

0000 BENZENE UNR 0.8333 13.0186 0.8333 CB05 – non HAP Integrate i

mH

0000 ACETALD ALD2 1 44.0526 1 Explicit CB05 

HAP 

Integrate or Nointegrate (same record is used for both) 

SC
 

44

Within the “header” of the GSPRO, the records containing the key words “#NHAP 

NONHAPVOC” and provide the specific HAP inventory species that were removed from the 

TOG profiles to create normalized NONHAPTOG profiles. We developed this list using version 

1 of the 2002 NEI, using the following criteria for eligibility to be an “integrate” HAP. 

1) all HAP VOC from NMIM were eligible; 

2) any HAP VOC for which at least 25 states include this HAP in at least 50% of the 

counties in their nonpoint inventory; 

3) For cresols and xylenes, all isomers and the “mixed” isomer compound group were 

chosen as eligible, since these compounds are sometimes reported in their individual 

isomer form and other times reported in the “mixed” groups; 

4) All HAP VOC which were not able to be mapped to CB05 species were not eligible (e.g., 

compounds such as “7-PAH” or “14-PAH.” 

We used the same set of eligible VOC HAPS for each platform sector. 

We also generated a “forced” no-integrate set of VOC profiles (included in a separate file) for 

which formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and methanol are removed, but where the mapping of VOC 

HAPS to themselves does not include “NOI”. These “forced” no-integrate profiles were used for 

sectors utilizing day-specific emissions where the “integration” was not possible in SMOKE as 

discussed in Section 3.1. In these profiles, the HAPs are mapped to HAP model species without 

the “_NOI” appendage, and the VOC profiles are generated by removing acetaldehyde, 

formaldehyde and methanol. 

Profiles for PM Speciation 

PM2.5 speciation profiles to generate PEC, POC, PS04, PNO3 did not change from those used in 

the CAP-only platform. 

We added PM2.5 profiles to generate diesel PM2.5 species from PM species for mobile diesel 

engines. We added: (1) D2042, and (2) D2035. These profiles were developed by modifying 

the PM2.5 profiles 92042 and 92035 to include the diesel PM2.5 species (diesel_PEC, diesel_POC, 

diesel_PSO4 and diesel_PNO3) along with the PM2.5 species. We also added a PMC profile to 

generate diesel_PMC from mobile diesel engines. 

Profiles for HAP Speciation to HAP Model Species for HAPs other than VOC HAPs 

Numerous HAPs that are not HAP VOC were used in CMAQ because they are model species. 

Profiles for these HAPs were developed to either map the inventory HAPs directly to model 

species representing these HAPs (e.g., hydrochloric acid emissions from the HAP inventory are 

mapped to the model species “HCL”) or speciate the HAPs to model species needed by CMAQ. 

In some cases, the HAP inventory contained the precise species needed by CMAQ (e.g., 

HGIIGAS) but in other cases and for all HAP metals, additional speciation was required. 

The situations for which inventory HAPs required further speciated were: 

1. Unspeciated inventory chromium (“CHROM”), speciated into: 

a. hexavalent chromium, coarse mode (“CHROMHEX_C”), 
 

45

b. hexavalent chromium, fine mode (“CHROMHEX_F”), 

c. trivalent chromium, coarse mode (“CHROMTRI_C”), 

d. trivalent chromium, fine mode (“CHROMTRI_F”). 

2. Unspeciated, inventory mercury (HGSUM), speciated into: 

a. Elemental mercury (HGNRVA) 

b. Divalent gaseous mercury (HGIIGAS) 

c. Divalent particulate mercury (PHGI) 

3. Unspeciated inventory xylenes,6

 (XYLS) speciated into: 

a. M-xylene (MXYL) 

b. O-xylene (OXYL) 

c. P-xylene (PXYL) 

4. All metal HAPs, speciated into coarse and fine fractions, as described below. 

Profiles for Assigning Metal HAPs to Coarse and Fine Fractions 

Metal HAPs, such as manganese, nickel, and hexavalent chromium were further speciated into 

coarse and fine components. We used the same data and approach as the 1999 and 1996 

National Air Toxics Assessment studies (EPA, 2004). In these studies, the coarse and fine 

component fractions vary by source sectors and pollutant. 

3.3.2.2 VOC-to-TOG and NONHAPVOC-to-NONHAPTOG Conversion 

(GSNV) 

We used the Speciation Tool to generate a SMOKE-ready file (“GSCNV”) containing profilespecific NONHAPVOC-to-NONHAPTOG conversion factors and VOC-to-TOG conversion 

factors based on the “no-integrate”. 

The same GSCNV problem identified in the Volume 1 (Section 3.3.2) applied to the 2002 

CAP+HAP Platform; that is, the file was missing some entries for mode-specific 

NONHAPVOC, “EVP__NONHAPVOC” and “EXH__NONHAPVOC.” Because most of the 

missing entries did not apply to emissions in 2002 or had a conversion factor of 1.0 (the default 

used if the entry is missing), the impact on the speciated VOC was small. 

3.3.2.3 NHAPEXCLUDE file Development 

We generated non-HAP exclusions (NHAPEXCLUDE) files for each sector to provide SMOKE 

a list of sources that should use the “no-integrate” case. 

We generated these files by first creating a list of sources that could not be integrated (or could 

be integrated) based on a specific set of criteria for each sector. Table 3-10 provides the criteria. 

 

6

 Although this is a HAP VOC, it still needs to be speciated into HAP model species 
 

46

Table 3-10. Criteria used to determine the sources for which the “integrate” case applies 

Sector 

(only sectors 

that have VOC 

HAP are 

included) 

Use of VOC 

HAP from 

Sector 

Criteria needed to be met to integrate sources in this 

sector 

ptipm No-integrate 

case for all 

sources 

No criteria needed: SMOKE cannot currently “integrate” 

any sectors that use day-specific emissions 

ptnonipm Combination of 

integrate and nointegrate 

• For each unique source7

, CAP VOC and all HAP VOC 

must have the same data source code.8

 

• The sum across all HAP VOC for the source, must be 

less than or equal to the VOC. 

• The CAP VOC and the sum of all HAP VOC eligible 

for integration must be greater than zero. 

• Within the entire facility, as defined by all sources 

under a unique NEI_UNIQUE_ID code, if any one 

source cannot be integrated (because it does not meet 

the above criteria) then no sources within the 

NEI_UNIQUE_ID can be integrated. 

nonpt , alm and 

nonptfire 

Combination of 

integrate and nointegrate 

• The data source code for all HAP VOC and CAP VOC 

within the same source (FIPS/SCC) must be identical. 

• The sum across all HAP VOC for the source, must be 

less than or equal to the VOC. 

• The CAP VOC and the sum of all HAP VOC eligible 

for integration must be greater than zero. 

onroad, nonroad Integrate case 

for NMIM. Nointegrate for 

Calif-submitted 

data 

Based on discussions with OTAQ, NMIM-generated 

HAPs could all be used for integration as they are 

consistent with VOC speciation. Because the California 

inventory has different HAPs than NMIM and the methods 

used for HAPs were not known, we chose no-integrate for 

California onroad/onroad 

ptfire No-integrate 

case for all 

sources 

No criteria needed: SMOKE cannot currently “integrate” 

any sectors that use day specific emissions 

 

7

 A unique point source is defined by a unique combination of the following IDs: state/county FIPS code, 

PLANTID (StateFacilityIdentifier), POINTID (Emission Unit ID), STACKID (Emission Release Point ID), 

SEGMENT (Process ID), 

8

 The data source code is a field in the NEI that indicates the source of the data for that particular source/pollutant. 

The data source codes can be found in the NEI Codes “Lookup” table at 

http://www.epa.gov/scram001/userg/other/emshapv3ug.pdf. 
 

47

3.3.3 Temporal allocation ancillary files 

The only change we made to the temporal allocation ancillary files was to add California-specific 

equipment activity-based monthly profiles to allocate the annual California nonroad HAPs to 

monthly. These profiles were taken from a technical report supporting the NONROAD model

(EPA, 2005). 
 

48

4 Emission Summaries 

The emission summaries presented here are also available in Microsoft Excel Format at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, under the link “CAP and HAP 2002-Based 

Platform, Version 3.” Additional detailed summaries of the CAP VOC and HAP VOC 

integration are available at that website as well. State sector emission summaries are provided in 

Appendix C. 

Tables 4-1 through 4-3 summarize the mercury emissions. Table 4-1 presents a summary of 

speciated state-level mercury emissions, for each U.S. sector containing mercury. The three 

mercury species are: divalent gaseous mercury (HGIIGAS), particulate mercury (PHGI) and 

elemental mercury (HGNRVA). Table 4-2 presents the Canadian speciated mercury emissions. 

Table 4-3 summarizes the natural and recycled mercury emissions. 

Table 4-1. Speciated Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions by US State and by Sector within 

the 36 km CONUS Domain (i.e., the lower 48). 

State 

Species of 

ptipm 

[tons/yr] 

ptnonipm 

[tons/yr] 

nonpt 

[tons/yr] 

onroad 

[tons/yr] 

alm 

[tons/yr] 

nonroad 

[tons/yr] 

ptfire + 

nonptfire 

[tons/yr] 

all US 

sectors 

[tons/yr] 

Alabama HGIIGAS 1.096 0.355 0.018 5.72E-04 0.000 3.03E-05 0 1.470 

Alabama HGNRVA 1.303 1.967 0.058 6.01E-03 0.000 2.29E-04 0 3.335 

Alabama PHGI 0.080 0.267 0.012 3.10E-05 0.000 6.17E-06 0 0.359 

Alabama Total HG 2.479 2.589 0.089 6.61E-03 0.000 2.66E-04 0 5.163 

Arizona HGIIGAS 0.052 0.016 0.093 5.31E-04 0.000 3.70E-05 0 0.161 

Arizona HGNRVA 0.650 0.102 0.178 5.54E-03 0.000 2.57E-04 0 0.935 

Arizona PHGI 0.007 0.014 0.061 3.07E-05 0.000 8.80E-06 0 0.082 

Arizona Total HG 0.708 0.132 0.332 6.10E-03 0.000 3.03E-04 0 1.179 

Arkansas HGIIGAS 0.144 0.350 0.002 3.08E-04 0.000 2.28E-05 0 0.497 

Arkansas HGNRVA 0.368 0.986 0.020 3.24E-03 0.000 1.48E-04 0 1.377 

Arkansas PHGI 0.001 0.206 0.001 1.64E-05 0.000 6.04E-06 0 0.208 

Arkansas Total HG 0.513 1.542 0.023 3.56E-03 0.000 1.76E-04 0 2.082 

California HGIIGAS 0.005 0.726 0.620 3.15E-03 0.037 1.04E-01 0 1.496 

California HGNRVA 0.010 2.287 0.991 3.34E-02 0.071 2.01E-01 0 3.594 

California PHGI 0.004 0.496 0.403 1.56E-04 0.019 5.39E-02 0 0.975 

California Total HG 0.018 3.508 2.015 3.67E-02 0.127 3.60E-01 0 6.065 

Colorado HGIIGAS 0.107 0.049 0.010 4.49E-04 0.000 3.20E-05 0 0.166 

Colorado HGNRVA 0.306 0.349 0.022 4.72E-03 0.000 2.19E-04 0 0.682 

Colorado PHGI 0.005 0.047 0.006 2.39E-05 0.000 7.87E-06 0 0.058 

Colorado Total HG 0.418 0.445 0.038 5.19E-03 0.000 2.59E-04 0 0.907 

Connecticut HGIIGAS 0.024 0.100 0.051 3.29E-04 0.000 1.90E-05 0 0.175 

Connecticut HGNRVA 0.065 0.047 0.103 3.49E-03 0.000 1.54E-04 0 0.219 

Connecticut PHGI 0.002 0.036 0.033 1.54E-05 0.000 3.31E-06 0 0.071 

Connecticut Total HG 0.091 0.183 0.187 3.84E-03 0.000 1.77E-04 0 0.465 

Delaware HGIIGAS 0.087 0.057 0.001 9.17E-05 0.001 5.56E-06 0 0.146 

Delaware HGNRVA 0.045 0.600 0.001 9.67E-04 0.002 4.28E-05 0 0.650 
 

49

State 

Species of 

ptipm 

[tons/yr] 

ptnonipm 

[tons/yr] 

nonpt 

[tons/yr] 

onroad 

[tons/yr] 

alm 

[tons/yr] 

nonroad 

[tons/yr] 

ptfire + 

nonptfire 

[tons/yr] 

all US 

sectors 

[tons/yr] 

Delaware PHGI 0.013 0.022 0.001 4.73E-06 0.001 1.10E-06 0 0.036 

Delaware Total HG 0.146 0.679 0.003 1.06E-03 0.003 4.94E-05 0 0.832 

District of Columbia HGIIGAS 1.23E-03 2.24E-07 0.002 4.02E-05 0.000 2.17E-06 0 0.003 

District of Columbia HGNRVA 2.06E-03 3.73E-07 0.005 4.26E-04 0.000 1.11E-05 0 0.008 

District of Columbia PHGI 8.23E-04 1.49E-07 0.001 1.99E-06 0.000 7.39E-07 0 0.002 

District of Columbia Total HG 4.11E-03 7.45E-07 0.008 4.68E-04 0.000 1.40E-05 0 0.013 

Florida HGIIGAS 0.485 0.378 0.038 1.85E-03 0.000 1.37E-04 0 0.903 

Florida HGNRVA 0.508 0.322 0.129 1.95E-02 0.000 1.04E-03 0 0.980 

Florida PHGI 0.067 0.155 0.023 9.53E-05 0.000 2.78E-05 0 0.245 

Florida Total HG 1.060 0.855 0.190 2.15E-02 0.000 1.21E-03 0 2.128 

Georgia HGIIGAS 0.874 0.062 0.024 1.09E-03 0.000 5.48E-05 0 0.961 

Georgia HGNRVA 0.603 0.503 0.099 1.14E-02 0.000 3.89E-04 0 1.217 

Georgia PHGI 0.067 0.032 0.015 6.04E-05 0.000 1.26E-05 0 0.114 

Georgia Total HG 1.544 0.597 0.138 1.26E-02 0.000 4.57E-04 0 2.292 

Idaho HGIIGAS 0.000 0.067 0.015 1.46E-04 0.000 1.45E-05 0 0.082 

Idaho HGNRVA 0.000 0.308 0.025 1.53E-03 0.000 9.85E-05 0 0.334 

Idaho PHGI 0.000 0.055 0.010 7.85E-06 0.000 3.58E-06 0 0.065 

Idaho Total HG 0.000 0.429 0.049 1.68E-03 0.000 1.17E-04 0 0.480 

Illinois HGIIGAS 1.253 0.475 0.023 1.08E-03 0.000 8.76E-05 0 1.752 

Illinois HGNRVA 2.585 1.231 0.105 1.14E-02 0.000 5.52E-04 0 3.932 

Illinois PHGI 0.058 0.279 0.015 5.75E-05 0.000 2.40E-05 0 0.352 

Illinois Total HG 3.896 1.984 0.143 1.25E-02 0.000 6.64E-04 0 6.036 

Indiana HGIIGAS 1.143 0.754 0.018 7.46E-04 0.000 4.80E-05 0 1.915 

Indiana HGNRVA 1.623 1.715 0.067 7.84E-03 0.000 3.06E-04 0 3.413 

Indiana PHGI 0.091 0.415 0.011 4.00E-05 0.000 1.29E-05 0 0.517 

Indiana Total HG 2.857 2.884 0.096 8.63E-03 0.000 3.67E-04 0 5.846 

Iowa HGIIGAS 0.282 0.119 0.022 3.23E-04 0.000 4.45E-05 0 0.423 

Iowa HGNRVA 0.899 0.446 0.055 3.40E-03 0.000 2.57E-04 0 1.404 

Iowa PHGI 0.013 0.092 0.014 1.72E-05 0.000 1.35E-05 0 0.119 

Iowa Total HG 1.194 0.658 0.091 3.74E-03 0.000 3.15E-04 0 1.946 

Kansas HGIIGAS 0.166 0.304 0.016 2.92E-04 0.000 2.89E-05 0 0.486 

Kansas HGNRVA 0.881 0.145 0.045 3.06E-03 0.000 1.38E-04 0 1.074 

Kansas PHGI 0.007 0.107 0.011 1.59E-05 0.000 1.04E-05 0 0.125 

Kansas Total HG 1.054 0.555 0.072 3.37E-03 0.000 1.78E-04 0 1.685 

Kentucky HGIIGAS 0.786 0.146 0.021 4.91E-04 0.000 2.61E-05 0 0.953 

Kentucky HGNRVA 0.913 0.440 0.054 5.14E-03 0.000 1.75E-04 0 1.412 

Kentucky PHGI 0.060 0.085 0.014 2.73E-05 0.000 6.55E-06 0 0.159 

Kentucky Total HG 1.759 0.671 0.088 5.66E-03 0.000 2.08E-04 0 2.524 

Louisiana HGIIGAS 0.146 0.291 0.004 4.44E-04 0.000 3.18E-05 0 0.441 

Louisiana HGNRVA 0.434 1.313 0.027 4.65E-03 0.000 2.43E-04 0 1.779 

Louisiana PHGI 0.002 0.109 0.002 2.42E-05 0.000 6.38E-06 0 0.113 

Louisiana Total HG 0.582 1.713 0.033 5.12E-03 0.000 2.81E-04 0 2.333 

Maine HGIIGAS 0.001 0.073 0.036 1.49E-04 0.000 1.38E-05 0 0.109 

Maine HGNRVA 0.001 0.074 0.087 1.56E-03 0.000 1.20E-04 0 0.163 

Maine PHGI 0.000 0.033 0.022 8.35E-06 0.000 1.92E-06 0 0.055 
 

50

State 

Species of 

ptipm 

[tons/yr] 

ptnonipm 

[tons/yr] 

nonpt 

[tons/yr] 

onroad 

[tons/yr] 

alm 

[tons/yr] 

nonroad 

[tons/yr] 

ptfire + 

nonptfire 

[tons/yr] 

all US 

sectors 

[tons/yr] 

Maine Total HG 0.002 0.179 0.145 1.72E-03 0.000 1.36E-04 0 0.328 

Maryland HGIIGAS 0.541 0.252 0.043 5.65E-04 0.000 3.15E-05 0 0.837 

Maryland HGNRVA 0.294 0.185 0.095 5.98E-03 0.000 2.46E-04 0 0.580 

Maryland PHGI 0.054 0.095 0.028 2.77E-05 0.000 6.01E-06 0 0.177 

Maryland Total HG 0.889 0.532 0.166 6.57E-03 0.000 2.84E-04 0 1.593 

Massachusetts HGIIGAS 0.099 0.147 0.084 5.54E-04 0.000 3.21E-05 0 0.331 

Massachusetts HGNRVA 0.042 0.132 0.230 5.84E-03 0.000 2.59E-04 0 0.410 

Massachusetts PHGI 0.011 0.054 0.051 2.84E-05 0.000 5.70E-06 0 0.116 

Massachusetts Total HG 0.152 0.334 0.365 6.42E-03 0.000 2.96E-04 0 0.858 

Michigan HGIIGAS 0.969 0.252 0.015 1.01E-03 0.000 9.21E-05 0 1.236 

Michigan HGNRVA 0.824 0.998 0.076 1.06E-02 0.000 7.76E-04 0 1.909 

Michigan PHGI 0.097 0.185 0.009 5.52E-05 0.000 1.45E-05 0 0.290 

Michigan Total HG 1.889 1.434 0.099 1.17E-02 0.000 8.82E-04 0 3.435 

Minnesota HGIIGAS 0.128 1.053 0.033 5.48E-04 0.000 6.10E-05 0 1.215 

Minnesota HGNRVA 0.688 0.996 0.068 5.76E-03 0.000 4.20E-04 0 1.759 

Minnesota PHGI 0.031 0.432 0.021 2.92E-05 0.000 1.48E-05 0 0.484 

Minnesota Total HG 0.847 2.481 0.123 6.34E-03 0.000 4.96E-04 0 3.458 

Mississippi HGIIGAS 0.139 0.202 0.011 3.66E-04 0.000 2.01E-05 0 0.352 

Mississippi HGNRVA 0.171 0.336 0.032 3.81E-03 0.000 1.42E-04 0 0.543 

Mississippi PHGI 0.022 0.115 0.007 2.14E-05 0.000 4.69E-06 0 0.144 

Mississippi Total HG 0.332 0.654 0.050 4.20E-03 0.000 1.66E-04 0 1.039 

Missouri HGIIGAS 0.632 0.477 0.014 7.11E-04 0.000 4.40E-05 0 1.123 

Missouri HGNRVA 1.033 0.549 0.024 7.46E-03 0.000 2.91E-04 0 1.613 

Missouri PHGI 0.020 0.199 0.009 3.83E-05 0.000 1.13E-05 0 0.229 

Missouri Total HG 1.685 1.225 0.047 8.21E-03 0.000 3.46E-04 0 2.966 

Montana HGIIGAS 0.026 0.029 0.006 1.05E-04 0.000 1.25E-05 0 0.062 

Montana HGNRVA 0.400 0.047 0.014 1.10E-03 0.000 6.26E-05 0 0.462 

Montana PHGI 0.006 0.014 0.004 6.06E-06 0.000 4.30E-06 0 0.024 

Montana Total HG 0.432 0.091 0.024 1.21E-03 0.000 7.93E-05 0 0.548 

Nebraska HGIIGAS 0.111 0.029 0.015 1.92E-04 0.000 2.33E-05 0 0.154 

Nebraska HGNRVA 0.204 0.189 0.034 2.00E-03 0.000 1.02E-04 0 0.429 

Nebraska PHGI 0.001 0.026 0.010 1.14E-05 0.000 8.88E-06 0 0.038 

Nebraska Total HG 0.316 0.244 0.058 2.20E-03 0.000 1.34E-04 0 0.621 

Nevada HGIIGAS 0.087 0.010 0.005 1.55E-04 0.000 1.75E-05 0 0.103 

Nevada HGNRVA 0.209 6.452 0.017 1.65E-03 0.000 1.14E-04 0 6.680 

Nevada PHGI 0.002 0.010 0.003 7.02E-06 0.000 4.56E-06 0 0.015 

Nevada Total HG 0.298 6.472 0.026 1.81E-03 0.000 1.36E-04 0 6.797 

New Hampshire HGIIGAS 0.013 0.043 0.019 1.29E-04 0.000 1.08E-05 0 0.076 

New Hampshire HGNRVA 0.010 0.028 0.039 1.35E-03 0.000 9.16E-05 0 0.078 

New Hampshire PHGI 0.003 0.017 0.013 7.07E-06 0.000 1.65E-06 0 0.033 

New Hampshire Total HG 0.027 0.088 0.071 1.49E-03 0.000 1.04E-04 0 0.187 

New Jersey HGIIGAS 0.055 0.194 0.102 7.67E-04 0.000 4.71E-05 0 0.352 

New Jersey HGNRVA 0.052 0.336 0.132 8.15E-03 0.000 3.83E-04 0 0.529 

New Jersey PHGI 0.008 0.090 0.048 3.65E-05 0.000 8.12E-06 0 0.146 

New Jersey Total HG 0.114 0.621 0.282 8.95E-03 0.000 4.38E-04 0 1.026 
 

51

State 

Species of 

ptipm 

[tons/yr] 

ptnonipm 

[tons/yr] 

nonpt 

[tons/yr] 

onroad 

[tons/yr] 

alm 

[tons/yr] 

nonroad 

[tons/yr] 

ptfire + 

nonptfire 

[tons/yr] 

all US 

sectors 

[tons/yr] 

New Mexico HGIIGAS 0.043 0.002 0.004 2.37E-04 0.000 9.29E-06 0 0.050 

New Mexico HGNRVA 0.988 0.007 0.015 2.48E-03 0.000 6.54E-05 0 1.013 

New Mexico PHGI 0.011 0.001 0.003 1.34E-05 0.000 2.17E-06 0 0.015 

New Mexico Total HG 1.042 0.010 0.022 2.73E-03 0.000 7.69E-05 0 1.078 

New York HGIIGAS 0.256 0.754 0.113 1.49E-03 0.000 9.03E-05 0 1.124 

New York HGNRVA 0.229 0.592 0.483 1.58E-02 0.000 7.26E-04 0 1.320 

New York PHGI 0.028 0.291 0.073 7.01E-05 0.000 1.61E-05 0 0.391 

New York Total HG 0.512 1.637 0.669 1.74E-02 0.000 8.32E-04 0 2.836 

North Carolina HGIIGAS 1.080 0.213 0.033 8.18E-04 0.000 5.70E-05 0 1.327 

North Carolina HGNRVA 0.481 0.683 0.098 8.55E-03 0.000 4.11E-04 0 1.271 

North Carolina PHGI 0.099 0.139 0.022 4.57E-05 0.000 1.28E-05 0 0.260 

North Carolina Total HG 1.659 1.035 0.153 9.42E-03 0.000 4.81E-04 0 2.857 

North Dakota HGIIGAS 0.131 0.005 0.012 7.46E-05 0.000 2.08E-05 0 0.148 

North Dakota HGNRVA 1.006 0.012 0.025 7.80E-04 0.000 7.72E-05 0 1.044 

North Dakota PHGI 0.006 0.003 0.008 4.20E-06 0.000 8.67E-06 0 0.016 

North Dakota Total HG 1.143 0.020 0.044 8.59E-04 0.000 1.07E-04 0 1.208 

Ohio HGIIGAS 1.804 0.387 0.025 1.11E-03 0.000 7.71E-05 0 2.217 

Ohio HGNRVA 1.919 2.034 0.110 1.17E-02 0.000 5.42E-04 0 4.075 

Ohio PHGI 0.198 0.246 0.015 5.92E-05 0.000 1.81E-05 0 0.459 

Ohio Total HG 3.921 2.667 0.151 1.29E-02 0.000 6.38E-04 0 6.751 

Oklahoma HGIIGAS 0.215 0.094 0.003 4.70E-04 0.000 2.67E-05 0 0.312 

Oklahoma HGNRVA 0.732 0.244 0.023 4.94E-03 0.000 1.78E-04 0 1.005 

Oklahoma PHGI 0.007 0.059 0.002 2.53E-05 0.000 6.75E-06 0 0.067 

Oklahoma Total HG 0.953 0.397 0.027 5.43E-03 0.000 2.12E-04 0 1.383 

Oregon HGIIGAS 0.026 0.220 0.024 3.45E-04 0.000 2.53E-05 0 0.271 

Oregon HGNRVA 0.058 0.971 0.060 3.64E-03 0.000 1.82E-04 0 1.093 

Oregon PHGI 0.000 0.182 0.016 1.78E-05 0.000 5.68E-06 0 0.198 

Oregon Total HG 0.084 1.374 0.099 4.00E-03 0.000 2.13E-04 0 1.561 

Pennsylvania HGIIGAS 2.734 1.071 0.097 1.09E-03 0.000 6.08E-05 0 3.903 

Pennsylvania HGNRVA 1.752 1.769 0.215 1.14E-02 0.000 4.68E-04 0 3.749 

Pennsylvania PHGI 0.286 0.492 0.064 5.66E-05 0.000 1.20E-05 0 0.842 

Pennsylvania Total HG 4.771 3.333 0.376 1.26E-02 0.000 5.40E-04 0 8.493 

Rhode Island HGIIGAS 0.000 0.030 0.010 8.75E-05 0.000 4.97E-06 0 0.040 

Rhode Island HGNRVA 0.000 0.013 0.021 9.34E-04 0.000 4.07E-05 0 0.035 

Rhode Island PHGI 0.000 0.011 0.007 3.91E-06 0.000 8.46E-07 0 0.017 

Rhode Island Total HG 0.000 0.053 0.038 1.03E-03 0.000 4.65E-05 0 0.092 

South Carolina HGIIGAS 0.290 0.467 0.011 4.84E-04 0.000 2.95E-05 0 0.769 

South Carolina HGNRVA 0.226 0.984 0.039 5.08E-03 0.000 2.18E-04 0 1.255 

South Carolina PHGI 0.030 0.239 0.007 2.61E-05 0.000 6.30E-06 0 0.277 

South Carolina Total HG 0.546 1.690 0.058 5.59E-03 0.000 2.54E-04 0 2.300 

South Dakota HGIIGAS 0.016 0.001 0.007 8.59E-05 0.000 1.56E-05 0 0.025 

South Dakota HGNRVA 0.036 0.007 0.017 8.96E-04 0.000 6.50E-05 0 0.061 

South Dakota PHGI 0.000 0.001 0.005 4.97E-06 0.000 6.15E-06 0 0.006 

South Dakota Total HG 0.052 0.010 0.029 9.87E-04 0.000 8.68E-05 0 0.092 

Tennessee HGIIGAS 0.659 0.234 0.007 6.90E-04 0.000 3.67E-05 0 0.901 
 

52

State 

Species of 

ptipm 

[tons/yr] 

ptnonipm 

[tons/yr] 

nonpt 

[tons/yr] 

onroad 

[tons/yr] 

alm 

[tons/yr] 

nonroad 

[tons/yr] 

ptfire + 

nonptfire 

[tons/yr] 

all US 

sectors 

[tons/yr] 

Tennessee HGNRVA 0.595 1.091 0.040 7.19E-03 0.000 2.64E-04 0 1.733 

Tennessee PHGI 0.048 0.116 0.005 4.01E-05 0.000 8.30E-06 0 0.169 

Tennessee Total HG 1.302 1.441 0.051 7.92E-03 0.000 3.09E-04 0 2.803 

Texas HGIIGAS 1.399 1.246 0.050 2.21E-03 0.000 1.31E-04 0 2.697 

Texas HGNRVA 3.326 2.628 0.152 2.31E-02 0.000 8.77E-04 0 6.130 

Texas PHGI 0.063 0.568 0.033 1.26E-04 0.000 3.30E-05 0 0.664 

Texas Total HG 4.788 4.441 0.236 2.54E-02 0.000 1.04E-03 0 9.491 

Tribal Data HGIIGAS 0 3.72E-06 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 

Tribal Data HGNRVA 0 6.20E-06 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 

Tribal Data PHGI 0 2.48E-06 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 

Tribal Data Total HG 0 1.24E-05 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 

Utah HGIIGAS 0.054 0.833 0.005 2.54E-04 0.000 1.49E-05 0 0.892 

Utah HGNRVA 0.075 0.528 0.022 2.68E-03 0.000 1.09E-04 0 0.628 

Utah PHGI 0.005 0.306 0.003 1.30E-05 0.000 3.26E-06 0 0.315 

Utah Total HG 0.134 1.667 0.031 2.95E-03 0.000 1.27E-04 0 1.835 

Vermont HGIIGAS 0.001 0.000 0.013 9.73E-05 0.000 5.26E-06 0 0.015 

Vermont HGNRVA 0.002 0.000 0.025 1.02E-03 0.000 4.34E-05 0 0.028 

Vermont PHGI 0.001 0.000 0.008 5.37E-06 0.000 8.75E-07 0 0.009 

Vermont Total HG 0.004 0.001 0.046 1.12E-03 0.000 4.95E-05 0 0.053 

Virginia HGIIGAS 0.459 0.316 0.046 8.05E-04 0.000 4.45E-05 0 0.821 

Virginia HGNRVA 0.197 0.581 0.113 8.49E-03 0.000 3.26E-04 0 0.900 

Virginia PHGI 0.044 0.150 0.030 4.12E-05 0.000 9.67E-06 0 0.224 

Virginia Total HG 0.701 1.047 0.188 9.34E-03 0.000 3.80E-04 0 1.945 

Washington HGIIGAS 0.087 0.051 0.019 5.57E-04 0.004 4.15E-05 0 0.161 

Washington HGNRVA 0.195 0.182 0.063 5.83E-03 0.007 3.01E-04 0 0.453 

Washington PHGI 0.000 0.034 0.012 3.07E-05 0.002 9.23E-06 0 0.048 

Washington Total HG 0.282 0.267 0.093 6.42E-03 0.012 3.51E-04 0 0.662 

West Virginia HGIIGAS 1.557 0.380 0.059 2.01E-04 0.000 8.99E-06 0 1.996 

West Virginia HGNRVA 0.856 1.162 0.109 2.10E-03 0.000 7.01E-05 0 2.129 

West Virginia PHGI 0.138 0.232 0.039 1.09E-05 0.000 1.73E-06 0 0.410 

West Virginia Total HG 2.551 1.774 0.208 2.31E-03 0.000 8.08E-05 0 4.535 

Wisconsin HGIIGAS 0.341 0.109 0.082 6.04E-04 0.000 5.82E-05 0 0.533 

Wisconsin HGNRVA 0.749 0.654 0.171 6.34E-03 0.000 4.54E-04 0 1.581 

Wisconsin PHGI 0.011 0.044 0.054 3.26E-05 0.000 1.11E-05 0 0.109 

Wisconsin Total HG 1.101 0.807 0.308 6.98E-03 0.000 5.24E-04 0 2.224 

Wyoming HGIIGAS 0.071 0.018 0.012 9.10E-05 0.000 5.51E-06 0 0.101 

Wyoming HGNRVA 0.861 0.063 0.023 9.48E-04 0.000 3.94E-05 0 0.947 

Wyoming PHGI 0.004 0.014 0.008 5.28E-06 0.000 1.26E-06 0 0.026 

Wyoming Total HG 0.936 0.095 0.042 1.04E-03 0.000 4.61E-05 0 1.074 

CONUS Total HGIIGAS 20.674 13.441 1.992 0.029 0.042 0.106 0 36.284 

CONUS Total HGNRVA 29.405 37.287 4.657 0.305 0.080 0.214 0 71.948 

CONUS Total PHGI 1.709 6.817 1.274 0.002 0.021 0.054 0 9.877 

CONUS Total Total HG 51.788 57.545 7.923 0.335 0.143 0.374 0 118.108 
 

53

Table 4-2. Mercury Emissions from non-NEI anthropogenic sectors [tons/year] 

Region Species othar_hg othpt_hg

Canada HGIIGAS 1.08 1.72

Canada HGNRVA 0.86 3.59

Canada PHGI 0.34 0.50

Canada Total HG 2.28 5.81

Table 4-3. Mercury Emissions from non-anthropogenic sources [tons/year]. 

Region Species 

landdirect landrecycled oceandirect oceanrecycled volcanic TOTAL

Domainwide HGNRVA 120.77 158.01 7.27 56.51 0.02 342.58 

Table 4-4 provides a summary of CAPs and all HAP inventory pollutants that are HAP model 

species in the CMAQ Multipollutant model. For those HAPs that are speciated in SMOKE, both 

the inventory (pre-speciated) and SMOKE-speciated totals are provided. This provides an 

understanding of the magnitude of emissions that were provided pre-speciated in the inventory as 

compared to the emissions that were speciated by SMOKE. Note that the alm sector totals 

include the small amount of tribal data. These emissions were not included in the CMAQ-ready 

emissions because we did not know the extent to which they may have already been accounted 

for in the county estimates. We did model the tribal point estimates. The magnitude of the tribal 

emissions data is provided in the emissions summary contained in Appendix C. 
54

Table 4-4. Sector Emission Totals From 2002 MP Platform for CONUS domain (i.e. the lower 48 states, pl

Sector 

ptnonipm tons/year 

ptipm tons/year 

nonpt tons/year 

ag tons/year 

afdust tons/year 

nonptfire tons/year 

ptfire tons/year 

alm tons/year 

onroad tons/year 

Total VOC 1,425,143.4 42,378.3 7,929,897.3 0.0 0.0 136,301.3 1,688,982.8 123,676.4 4,847,989.Non-Integrated VOC 1,309,769.9 42,378.3 1,844,006.1 0.0 0.0 54,074.3 1,688,982.8 66,667.6 343,692.NONHAPVOC 99,133.6 0.0 5,319,837.4 0.0 0.0 75,063.0 0.0 44,291.7 3,293,382.Sum of integrate HAP 16,239.8 0.0 766,053.8 0.0 0.0 7,164.0 0.0 12,717.2 1,210,914.FORMALD 14,556.1 664.0 11,553.9 0.0 0.0 4,536.9 59,278.2 10,157.3 66,751.ACETALD 7,706.5 344.9 6,613.4 0.0 0.0 817.9 9,398.2 4,095.4 25,590.METHANOL 80,042.6 2.5 155,687.6 0.0 0.0 1,304.5 0.0 3.2 0.NOX 2,368,988.7 4,618,949.8 1,531,600.0 0.0 0.0 12,944.5 69,668.9 2,259,835.2 7,786,700.CO 3,195,466.3 605,149.2 7,526,686.9 0.0 0.0 681,666.0 7,357,626.6 806,475.0 59,810,759.SO2 2,249,551.3 10,359,113.1 1,250,262.1 0.0 0.0 5,720.1 61,508.5 312,313.2 242,378.NH3 154,179.0 29,990.8 135,542.7 3,251,987.3 0.0 5,763.4 117,650.2 904.4 290,707.PM10 600,353.4 608,706.6 1,377,053.8 0.0 8,858,993.0 36,228.2 706,751.5 97,038.1 200,685.PM2_5 372,327.8 501,996.8 1,100,882.0 0.0 1,830,268.4 30,700.9 598,934.9 86,719.3 146,003.HCL 94,418.5 338,835.9 130,314.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.CL2 (CHLORINE) 9,945.1 109.8 2,135.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.Inventory chromium (CHROM) 382.4 95.4 52.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 0.Inventory hexavalent chromium (CHROMHEX) 12.5 26.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.Inventory trivalent chromium (CHROMTRI) 20.7 18.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 11.SMOKE-speciated hexavalent chromium - coarse (CHROMHEX_C) 23.7 11.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.SMOKE-speciated hexavalent chromium - fine (CHROMHEX_F) 58.1 26.8 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.SMOKE-speciated trivalent chromium - coarse 96.8 29.5 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.

9 Although tribal data from the “alm” sector are included in these summaries, they were not used in the modeling. Only ptipm and ptno

used in the modeling. Nonpoint (nonpt, ag, afdust, nonptfire) tribal data are not included in these summaries. 
55

Sector 

ptnonipm tons/year 

ptipm tons/year 

nonpt tons/year 

ag tons/year 

afdust tons/year 

nonptfire tons/year 

ptfire tons/year 

alm tons/year 

onroad tons/year 

(CHROMTRI_C) SMOKE-speciated trivalent chromium - fine (CHROMTRI_F) 236.9 72.3 29.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 9.Inventory "HGSUM" 57.4 1.6 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.Inventory elemental mercury (HG) 0.1 28.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.Inventory gaseous divalent mercury (HGIIGAS) 0.1 20.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.02Inventory particulate divalent mercury (PHGI) 0.004 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00SMOKE-speciated elemental mercury (HGNRVA) 37.3 29.4 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.SMOKE-speciated gaseous divalent mercury (SHGIIGAS) 13.4 20.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.042 0.02SMOKE-speciated particulate divalent mercury (S-PHGI) 6.8 1.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.021 0.00CADMIUM 47.9 24.6 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.BERYLLIUM 24.5 9.8 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.LEAD 904.1 211.2 94.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 441.8 0.MANGANESE 2,014.4 267.5 85.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 14.NICKEL 522.1 323.0 111.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.4 15.BENZENE 7,972.3 534.3 107,108.2 0.0 0.0 1,674.9 25,898.2 1,739.1 166,762.TOLUENE 60,841.1 284.1 139,780.6 0.0 0.0 945.5 13,081.5 1,625.8 422,976.Inventory xylenes (XYLS) 31,539.5 82.0 98,432.5 0.0 0.0 422.0 5,571.0 1,047.9 0.Inventory m-xylene (MXYL) 620.0 245.8 664.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.6 179,043.Inventory o-xylene (OXYL) 683.4 54.6 4,109.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.0 65,433.Inventory p-xylene (PXYL) 973.9 0.1 77.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.SMOKE-speciated m-xylene (SMXYL) 17,050.1 288.4 52,512.5 0.0 0.0 219.4 2,896.9 600.8 345,847.SMOKE-speciated o-xylene (S-OXYL) 5,764.8 67.7 23,403.6 0.0 0.0 67.5 891.4 261.9 126,298.
56

Sector 

ptnonipm tons/year 

ptipm tons/year 

nonpt tons/year 

ag tons/year 

afdust tons/year 

nonptfire tons/year 

ptfire tons/year 

alm tons/year 

onroad tons/year 

SMOKE-speciated p-xylene (S_PXYL) 6,026.4 13.2 15,903.3 0.0 0.0 67.5 891.4 174.1 0.1,3-butadiene (BUTADIE) 1,331.3 1.2 793.7 0.0 0.0 540.1 9,323.4 639.0 20,367.naphthalene (NAPHTH) 2,556.4 13.5 7,231.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 741.0 3,469.acrolein (ACROLEI) 860.2 145.0 2,584.1 0.0 0.0 667.3 9,760.8 620.9 3,301.1,3-dichloropropene (DICLPRO13) 7.1 0.025 11,514.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.vinyl chloride (VINYCHLRI) 1,059.2 0.5 244.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.trichloroethylene (CL3_ETHE) 5,358.9 0.1 5,486.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1,2-dichloropropane (PROPDICLR) 156.0 0.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1,2-dibromoethane (ETHDIBROM) 8.7 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1,2-dichloroethane (CL2_C2_12) 376.5 18.2 60.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.tetrachloroethylene (PERC) 5,266.0 19.8 29,817.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.carbon tetrachloride (CARBONTET) 380.3 0.3 76.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.dichloromethane (MECL) 9,078.7 128.9 40,879.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TTCLE1122) 251.9 0.003 44.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.chloroform (CHCL3) 1,069.5 27.9 5,659.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.p-dichlorobenzene (DICHLRBNZN) 140.2 0.4 7,062.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.acrylonitrile (ACRYNITRL) 892.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.ethylene oxide (ETOX) 322.5 0.0 369.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.QUINOLINE 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.HYDRAZINE 5.5 0.004 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TOL_DIIS) 38.2 0.0 47.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.hexamethylene 1-6-diisocyanate (HEXAMTHLE) 24.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
57

Sector 

ptnonipm tons/year 

ptipm tons/year 

nonpt tons/year 

ag tons/year 

afdust tons/year 

nonptfire tons/year 

ptfire tons/year 

alm tons/year 

onroad tons/year 

maleic anhydride (MALANHYD) 144.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.triethylamine (TRIETHLAMN) 732.0 0.0 81.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
 

58

Table 4-5 provides a summary of CAP VOC and HAP VOC emissions used in the HAP 

integration. It summarizes the amount of VOC in each sector and the quantity replaced by 

integration with VOC HAPs. The nonpt sector has the largest VOC emissions, followed by 

onroad and nonroad. The onroad and nonroad sectors have the most HAP VOC integration, with 

a nearly 25% replacement of CAP by HAP VOC. 

Table 4-5 also summarizes the quantity of emissions of each HAP used in the “integrate” and 

“no-integrate” cases, for each HAP eligible for integration. Summaries of this information at the 

State level are available in excel format at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002, 

under the link “CAP and HAP 2002-Based Platform, Version 3.” 

Table 4-5. Summary of VOC and VOC HAP emissions used in VOC HAP integration. 

From 2002 MP Platform for CONUS domain (i.e. the lower 48 states, plus DC, 

tribal data9). 

ptnonipm ptipm nonpt nonptfire ptfire alm onroad nonroad 

sum - all US 

sectors 

Amount of VOC total 1,425,157.53 42,378.26 7,929,917.02 136,301.24 1,688,982.84 123,675.84 4,847,990.04 2,873,622.50 19,068,025.26 

Amount of VOC 

integrated 115,370.22 0.00 6,085,905.76 82,226.61 0.00 57,008.78 4,504,296.87 2,660,678.97 13,505,487.21 

Amount of VOC not 

integrated 1,309,787.30 42,378.26 1,844,011.26 54,074.63 1,688,982.84 66,667.07 343,693.17 212,943.54 5,562,538.05 

Total HAP VOC 

integrated 16,245.02 0.00 766,053.84 7,163.94 0.00 12,717.17 1,210,908.37 753,381.32 2,766,469.66 

Total HAP VOC not 

integrated 332,870.28 4,924.13 135,046.18 4,564.31 136,897.64 10,205.18 93,204.09 46,118.45 763,830.26 

Percent VOC 

replacement with HAP 

VOC 1.14% 0.00% 9.66% 5.26% 0.00% 10.28% 24.98% 26.22% 14.51% 

 

Acetaldehyde integrated 270.48 0.00 5,886.29 491.81 0.00 2,219.66 23,693.01 13,658.76 46,220.02 

Acetaldehyde not 

integrated 7,435.99 344.89 727.05 326.13 9,398.18 1,875.69 1,897.18 2,848.01 24,853.11 

Acrolein integrated 58.46 0.00 1,990.89 510.79 0.00 361.31 2,899.86 1,326.27 7,147.57 

Acrolein not integrated 801.70 144.98 593.16 156.54 9,760.75 259.60 401.72 347.15 12,465.60 

Benzene integrated 788.43 0.00 93,381.95 1,355.27 0.00 969.92 159,170.18 63,420.47 319,086.22 

Benzene not integrated 7,183.86 534.34 13,726.31 319.61 25,898.23 769.19 7,592.00 4,707.55 60,731.09 

1,3-Butadiene integrated 16.11 0.00 694.21 487.90 0.00 374.04 18,791.96 8,069.40 28,433.62 

1,3-Butadiene not 

integrated 1,315.16 1.16 99.48 52.18 9,323.36 264.91 1,575.08 1,044.76 13,676.09 

Carbon tetrachloride 

integrated 0.57 0.00 31.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.09 

Carbon tetrachloride not 

integrated 379.75 0.26 45.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 425.09 

Chloroform integrated 38.59 0.00 213.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 252.51 

Chloroform not 

integrated 1,030.89 27.86 5,445.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,503.97 

1,2-Dichloroethane 

integrated 2.10 0.00 48.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 51.00 

1,2-Dichloroethane not 

integrated 374.38 18.24 11.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 404.44 

Trichloroethylene 

integrated 143.23 0.00 4,569.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,712.93 
 

59

ptnonipm ptipm nonpt nonptfire ptfire alm onroad nonroad 

sum - all US 

sectors 

Trichloroethylene not 

integrated 5,215.72 0.12 917.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,132.93 

p-Dichlorobenzene 

integrated 0.78 0.00 5,837.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,838.32 

p-Dichlorobenzene not 

integrated 139.42 0.37 1,225.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,364.90 

Ethylene oxide integrated 3.20 0.00 186.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 189.23 

Ethylene oxide not 

integrated 319.34 0.00 183.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 502.62 

Formaldehyde integrated 1,320.94 0.00 8,947.43 3,102.06 0.00 5,617.00 60,584.68 31,594.42 111,166.52 

Formaldehyde not 

integrated 13,235.16 664.02 2,606.50 1,434.84 59,278.16 4,540.34 6,167.06 7,660.27 95,586.34 

Methanol integrated 3,270.30 0.00 144,282.36 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.00 0.00 147,553.93 

Methanol not integrated 76,772.24 2.46 11,404.71 1,304.45 0.00 1.90 0.00 846.59 90,332.35 

Naphthalene integrated 68.36 0.00 5,780.62 0.00 0.00 461.55 3,228.90 547.37 10,086.80 

Naphthalene not 

integrated 2,488.04 13.54 1,450.67 0.00 0.00 279.43 240.92 179.61 4,652.21 

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate 

integrated 0.55 0.00 36.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.28 

2,4-Toluene diisocyanate 

not integrated 37.65 0.00 10.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.50 

Toluene integrated 3,124.61 0.00 112,478.69 684.56 0.00 931.38 403,267.29 217,888.15 738,374.68 

Toluene not integrated 57,717.04 284.06 27,301.30 260.90 13,081.48 694.46 19,709.63 8,759.33 127,808.19 

Triethylamine integrated 15.26 0.00 57.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 72.66 

Triethylamine not 

integrated 716.72 0.00 23.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 740.66 

m-Xylene integrated 29.41 0.00 663.30 0.00 0.00 8.23 166,803.70 139,941.38 307,446.02 

m-Xylene not integrated 590.61 245.79 0.93 0.00 0.00 39.41 12,240.34 5,540.39 18,657.45 

o-Xylene integrated 35.06 0.00 3,545.14 0.00 0.00 21.26 60,865.19 49,736.88 114,203.53 

o-Xylene not integrated 648.37 54.57 564.29 0.00 0.00 51.71 4,567.91 1,965.04 7,851.89 

p-Xylene integrated 6.23 0.00 76.43 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 82.70 

p-Xylene not integrated 967.67 0.05 1.23 0.00 0.00 6.34 0.00 41.21 1,016.49 

Xylenes integrated 2,934.00 0.00 68,404.92 291.53 0.00 603.36 0.00 0.00 72,233.82 

Xylenes not integrated 28,605.60 82.04 30,027.54 130.45 5,571.00 444.54 0.00 0.00 64,861.17 

Acenaphthene integrated 0.13 0.00 98.62 0.00 0.00 3.34 22.79 19.29 144.17 

Acenaphthene not 

integrated 36.70 0.28 19.64 0.00 0.00 2.42 1.91 0.00 60.95 

Acenaphthylene 

integrated 0.69 0.00 1,278.42 0.00 0.00 21.35 121.19 38.23 1,459.87 

Acenaphthylene not 

integrated 3.09 0.19 379.47 0.00 0.00 15.54 10.53 0.00 408.82 

Acetophenone integrated 0.29 0.00 33.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.07 

Acetophenone not 

integrated 164.91 7.06 3.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 175.68 

Anthracene integrated 0.15 0.00 100.00 6.02 0.00 5.15 27.33 7.82 146.48 

Anthracene not 

integrated 10.33 0.11 31.73 0.00 115.10 3.73 2.33 0.00 163.33 

Benz[a]-anthracene 

integrated 0.08 0.00 134.07 7.47 0.00 1.31 6.34 2.31 151.57 

Benz[a]-anthracene 

not integrated 9.19 0.26 41.18 0.00 142.73 0.89 0.51 0.00 194.76 

Benzo[a]pyrene 

integrated 0.08 0.00 38.12 1.78 0.00 0.60 4.07 2.00 46.67 

Benzo[a]pyrene not 

integrated 15.55 0.23 16.36 0.00 34.07 0.43 0.35 0.00 66.99 

Benzo[b]-fluoranthene 

integrated 0.02 0.00 49.15 0.00 0.00 0.70 4.52 1.49 55.88 

Benzo[b]-fluoranthene 

not integrated 0.94 0.01 20.64 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.41 0.00 22.50 

Benzo[e]pyrene 

integrated 0.00 0.00 37.72 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.93 

Benzo[e]pyrene not 

integrated 0.28 0.01 18.82 0.00 61.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.35 
 

60

ptnonipm ptipm nonpt nonptfire ptfire alm onroad nonroad 

sum - all US 

sectors 

Benzo[g,h,i]-perylene 

integrated 0.05 0.00 48.62 6.12 0.00 1.05 8.09 7.10 71.03 

Benzo[g,h,i]-perylene 

not integrated 6.26 5.88 15.82 0.00 116.94 0.78 0.69 0.00 146.38 

Benzo[k]-fluoranthene 

integrated 0.03 0.00 16.83 3.13 0.00 0.67 4.52 1.37 26.55 

Benzo[k]-fluoranthene 

not integrated 0.63 0.00 7.29 0.00 59.85 0.48 0.41 0.00 68.67 

Biphenyl integrated 4.58 0.00 63.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.79 

Biphenyl not integrated 329.86 0.81 6.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 336.85 

Benzo[g,h,i]-fluoranthene 

integrated 0.00 0.00 12.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.60 

Benzo[g,h,i]-fluoranthene 

not integrated 0.00 0.00 1.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.94 

Carbon disulfide 

integrated 2.31 0.00 120.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 123.13 

Carbon disulfide not 

integrated 15,159.68 60.94 175.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15,395.92 

Chlorobenzene 

integrated 18.57 0.00 1,973.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,992.13 

Chlorobenzene not 

integrated 446.35 9.80 1,119.28 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 1,575.49 

Chrysene integrated 0.04 0.00 90.08 7.47 0.00 0.66 3.60 1.85 103.70 

Chrysene not integrated 10.42 0.34 30.91 0.00 142.73 0.47 0.32 0.00 185.18 

Cresol integrated 1.02 0.00 828.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 829.90 

Cresol not integrated 731.60 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 731.88 

Cumene integrated 17.41 0.00 284.27 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 301.83 

Cumene not integrated 843.17 2.52 143.47 0.00 0.00 1.99 0.00 66.67 1,057.82 

DEHP integrated 7.95 0.00 10.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.38 

DEHP not integrated 216.37 33.04 4.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 253.73 

Dibenzo[a,h]-anthracene 

integrated 0.01 0.00 31.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 31.10 

Dibenzo[a,h]-anthracene 

not integrated 0.28 0.04 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.14 

Dibutylphthalate 

integrated 6.16 0.00 2,312.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,319.14 

Dibutylphthalate not 

integrated 112.03 0.09 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 117.69 

Dimethyl formamide 

integrated 6.06 0.00 468.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 474.34 

Dimethyl formamide 

not integrated 308.82 0.00 357.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 666.37 

Dimethyl phthalate 

integrated 21.52 0.00 5.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.37 

Dimethyl phthalate 

not integrated 231.72 0.04 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 233.31 

Ethylene glycol 

integrated 40.91 0.00 45,114.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45,155.01 

Ethylene glycol not 

integrated 3,019.16 0.00 8,490.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11,509.76 

Ethylbenzene integrated 520.41 0.00 7,866.51 0.00 0.00 201.64 59,935.27 42,019.13 110,542.96 

Ethylbenzene not 

integrated 6,095.58 142.78 4,770.43 31.31 0.00 154.19 3,738.72 1,895.72 16,828.72 

Ethyl chloride integrated 4.20 0.00 532.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 536.76 

Ethyl chloride not 

integrated 576.39 18.79 402.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 997.95 

Fluoranthene integrated 0.23 0.00 145.51 8.11 0.00 4.63 28.65 20.52 207.64 

Fluoranthene not 

integrated 107.77 0.85 52.07 0.00 154.93 3.38 2.65 0.00 321.64 

Fluorene integrated 0.28 0.00 168.11 0.00 0.00 8.23 47.56 35.04 259.22 

Fluorene not integrated 4.98 0.52 55.57 0.00 0.00 5.89 4.10 0.00 71.06 

Hexane integrated 755.41 0.00 32,602.87 19.76 0.00 254.89 52,108.77 32,250.17 117,991.87 

Hexane not integrated 34,868.33 1,554.93 7,951.79 39.13 377.60 171.59 5,567.87 1,824.06 52,355.31 
 

61

ptnonipm ptipm nonpt nonptfire ptfire alm onroad nonroad 

sum - all US 

sectors 

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]-pyrene 

integrated 0.02 0.00 47.53 4.11 0.00 0.32 2.30 2.15 56.43 

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]-pyrene 

not integrated 0.93 0.49 9.55 0.00 78.50 0.24 0.20 0.00 89.91 

m-Cresol integrated 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 

m-Cresol not integrated 19.77 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.35 

Methyl ethyl ketone 

integrated 1,611.00 0.00 89,947.46 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 91,559.21 

Methyl ethyl ketone 

not integrated 17,051.88 173.01 5,192.96 296.79 0.00 94.47 0.00 464.26 23,273.37 

Methyl isobutyl ketone 

integrated 440.98 0.00 68,943.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 69,384.20 

Methyl isobutyl ketone 

not integrated 6,930.61 0.43 862.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,793.69 

Methyl methacrylate 

integrated 14.14 0.00 62.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.61 

Methyl methacrylate 

not integrated 1,603.11 9.18 29.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,641.29 

Methyl tert butyl ether 

integrated 160.56 0.00 29,430.11 0.00 0.00 3.51 36,235.12 46,133.89 111,963.17 

Methyl tert butyl ether 

not integrated 2,369.23 16.35 47.93 0.00 0.00 2.34 23,040.12 4,701.76 30,177.74 

Methyl chloride 

integrated 3.26 0.00 3,846.58 154.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,004.44 

Methyl chloride not 

integrated 1,545.27 236.99 2,467.11 32.61 2,954.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,236.11 

o-Cresol integrated 0.68 0.00 222.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 222.86 

o-Cresol not integrated 64.50 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.45 

p-Cresol integrated 0.74 0.00 5.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.53 

p-Cresol not integrated 15.31 0.26 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.48 

Perylene integrated 0.00 0.00 1.10 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 

Perylene not integrated 0.07 0.01 0.13 0.00 19.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.90 

Phenanthrene integrated 0.84 0.00 609.75 6.02 0.00 19.23 78.51 63.50 777.84 

Phenanthrene not 

integrated 33.25 1.52 166.36 0.00 115.10 13.81 7.03 0.00 337.07 

Phenol integrated 94.95 0.00 1,715.18 0.00 0.00 29.69 0.00 0.00 1,839.82 

Phenol not integrated 4,692.43 9.69 1,304.19 3.26 0.00 20.63 0.00 0.00 6,030.21 

Propionaldehyde 

integrated 42.61 0.00 2,827.88 0.00 0.00 376.10 3,322.83 3,366.50 9,935.92 

Propionaldehyde not 

integrated 495.15 165.34 79.53 91.31 0.00 303.33 280.28 412.91 1,827.87 

Propylene oxide 

integrated 0.47 0.00 32.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.02 

Propylene oxide not 

integrated 200.01 30.27 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 255.27 

Pyrene integrated 0.22 0.00 171.26 11.19 0.00 6.56 39.79 22.59 251.61 

Pyrene not integrated 4.37 0.21 60.88 0.00 213.86 4.74 3.64 0.00 287.69 

Styrene integrated 210.64 0.00 3,970.51 0.00 0.00 150.80 11,912.54 2,520.30 18,764.79 

Styrene not integrated 26,202.38 18.43 3,787.72 84.80 0.00 98.94 405.34 171.65 30,769.25 

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 

integrated 52.09 0.00 12,577.49 0.00 0.00 56.81 147,689.82 100,682.91 261,059.13 

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 

not integrated 468.84 0.00 495.82 0.00 0.00 76.81 5,744.85 2,641.50 9,427.82 

Vinyl acetate integrated 75.50 0.00 61.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 137.31 

Vinyl acetate not 

integrated 1,887.49 3.68 22.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,913.47 
 

62

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