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DRAFT REPORT ON CONSUMERRESEARCH FOR CLOTHES WASHERS

March 1998

LAWRENCE BERKELEYNATIONALLABORATORY Environmental Energy Technologies Division

.Technology and Market Assessment Group Berkeley, CA 94720
Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office ofCodes and Standards

# ..

' ' TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................. : .................. 2 

### CONSUMERRESEARCH SUMMARY .......................................... 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................... '. ........................·... 4 2.0 SOURCES OF INFORMATION .............................-......... 4 3.O 

### SOURCES**~d** 

### PROJECTS ....................·....................... 5 3.1 Major Studies by Consortiums ........ : .......................... 5 3:1.1 THELMA ........................................... 5 3.1.2 Bern, Karisas Washer Study ...... : ...................... 9 3.l.3 WashWise ..................**~** 

### ......................... 10 3.2 

### Utility Demand Side Mangement 

### IMarket Transformation Programs . . . . . 12 3.2.1 NortheastEnergy Efficiency Partnership (NEEEP) ........... 12 3.2.2 CleanerNorthwest Project .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .·. . . . 12 . 3.2.3 Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) - Utility Survey ..... : ...... 13 3.5.4 Commonwealth Electric . . . . . . .·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·. 13 3.3 Organizations . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3.1**Consort~um** 

### for Energy Efficiency (CEE) ................... 13 3.3.2 Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI) .................. 15 3.3.3 Green Seal ...............'. ......................... 16 3.4 Government Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3

### A.I Energy StarProgram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.4.2 Commercial Laundry Field Study ........................ 18 3.4.3 McDill Air ForceBase ................................ 18 3.4.4 Fort Hood Demonstration Study . . . . . .·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.4.5 Fort Hood Government Procurement, DOD .............'. .. 19 3.4.6 .FEMP Federal Energy Management·Program ............... 20 3.4.7 Washington State University Energy Cooperative ............ 20 3.5 Consumer Publications : ...................................... 21 3.5.1 ConsumerReports 

### I Consumers Union ..................... 21 3.5.2 Consumer -NewZealand publication .................... 21 

### 2

### •·

3.6 Trade Organizations ..........·............................... 21 1 · 

### 3.6.1 The Soap and Detergent Association (SDA) ...............·. 21 3.6.2 Arthur D. Little (ADL) Report on the behalfof

### AHAM, 1991 ... 22 3.6.3 Research Institute for Cleaning,Technology .......·.......... 22 3.7 University Research .......................................... 23 · 3.7.1 PeterDuPont ........................................ 23 3.8 Utilities - Rebates .......................................... 23 3.8.1 Alameda County Water District .......................... 23 3.8.2 City ofAustin Municipal Utility .....................·..... 23 3.8.3 Commonwealth Electric . · ..... ." ...................· ..... 24 3.8.4 Eugene Water and Electric Board ........................ 24 3.8.5 Marin WaterDistrict .......·..·......................... 24 3.8.6 San Diego County Water Authority .............· ........... 24 3.8.7 San Diego Gas and Electric .....................,........ 24 3.8.8 Salem Electric Corporation ............................. 25 3.8.9 Seattle Water .................... : .................. 25 3.9 .Additional Publications ....................................... 25 3.10 Related Studies ............................................ 26··

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### DRAFT 

### CONSUMERRESEARCH SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction - Presentation ofConsumerResearch This report is a summary ofconsumer research on clothes washers. 

### 2.0 Sources ofInformation Listed below are sources ofinformation regarding consumer issues. Some programs**~re** applicable to more than one general heading. Major Studies by Consortiums The High Efficiency Laundry Metering & Marketing Analysis (THELMA) Bern, Kansas 

### IMaytag demonstration project Wash Wise - Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NWEEA) UtilityDemandSideManagement (DSM) IMarket Transformation Programs Northeast EnergyEfficiency Prograrp. (NEEEP) CleanerNorthwest Project Pacific Gas & Electric (PG& E, California) CommonwealthElectric Organizations ,

.Consortium for EnergyEfficiency (CEE) - promoting utility programs Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI) Green Seal· Governmf!n/Programs Energy Star Appliance Programs (DOE, EPA) Commercial Laundry Field Study, ORNL McDill AirFo'rce Base, DOD FortHoodDemonstration Study, DOD Fort Hood Government Procurement, DOD Federal EnergyManagement Program (FEMP) (government procurement) Pacific.Northwest National Laboratory 

### I Energy Star Washington StateUniversity Energy Cooperative
·4 I .

# ...

ConsumerPublications ·ConsumerReports Foreign Consumer publications 

### Trade O;ganizations Soap & Detergent Association American Home Appliance Association (AHAM) Research Institute for Cleaning Technc:>logy 

### UniversityResearch UtilityRebatePrograms 

### 3.0 SOURCES and PROJECTS 3.1 Major Studies by Consortiums 

### DRAFT

3.1.1 THELMA (The High-Efficiency Laundry Metering & 

### Marketing Analysis Project) Sponsors: TheHigh-EfficiencyLaundryMetering & Marketing Analysis (THELMA) study is an Electric PowerResearch Institute Tailored Collaborative project sponsored by a consortium of28 electric, gas, water and sewer utilities, as well as theElectric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI) · and the U.S. Department ofEnergy. The project is being coordinated through EPRI. 

### Contractors: HaglerBailly Consulting Inc., Phone: (608) 232-2800 Dethman & Associates, Phone: (206) 545-0717 SBW Consulting, Inc., Phone: (206) 827-0330 National Center for Appropriate Technology, Phone: Arther D. Little, Phone: (617) 498-5000 

### Objectives: (206) 324-8064 The broad goals ofTHELMA areto acquirethe**iilform~tion** necessary for leveraging a lasting markeftransformationto efficient clotheswashers and to design effective incentive programs and otherpromotional tools for simulating the purchase ofefficient washers. Findings ofthe THELMA project will be published in an eight volume set. The THELMA project consists ofeight reports. Five were made available to LBNL including an updated laboratory testing report. 

### 5

### DRAFT Specific objectives include: • Characterize status ofH-axistechnology. • Confirm savings·estimates. • Assess customer laundering habits. • Identify market barriers. • Suggest strategies for utility actions. Summary: Research components ofthe THELMA study include laboratory testing, in-home monitoring of**V~axis** and H-axis washers, and several market-related studies. This report presents an assessment ofthe energy and water savings that can be achieved with H-axis washers based upon the results ofthe in-home monitoring research. Laboratory testing can provide savings estimatesbutmust make assumptions about peoples' laundry practices. In-hc;>me monitoring can provide estimates under more realistic and diverse conditions. ., Types of Research: • Consumer studies • Laboratory test • Field study • Demonstration center • · Manufa9turer/Distributor survey - Distribution Analysis IndiVidual THELMAreports, organized by tasks, are discussed below. 

### 3.1.1.1 THELMA Task 2.1 Final Report Title:, 

### Results ofFocus Groups with Consumers Date: June 1995 Report leader: Dethman & Associates Objectives: • Qualitatively assess the current market for H-axis washers. • Identifyand explore the educational needs ofconsumers. • Inform other THELMAresearch components. Type·of Research: Focus Groups with Consumers. Sample size: Fourfocus groups of 10 people each. Date: February 6-9, 1995.

6---------- 

# '. Topics covered included:

.. satisfaction with current washer

.. reactions to H-axis washer

.. interest in buying_a H-axis washer

.. consumer descriptions ofH-axis washers 

### 3.1.1.2 THELMA, Final Report Title: 

### Laboratory Testing ofClothes Washers, Final Report Date: December 1995 Contractor: ArthurD. Little, Inc. (ADL) Principle investigators: JDieckmann, W. Murphy Prepared for EPRI 

### .DRAFT

Project Managers: R. Gillman, 

### J. Kesselring ; Customer Systems Group Objective: Testing measured water and energy consumptions as well as: water extraction effectiveness, soil removal effectiveness, rinsing effectiveness, gentleness ofaction. [see section 3.1.. 1.5, for updated report] Type of Research: Laboratory energy and performance testing. Number ofclothes washers tested: six H-axis. and one Y-axis washers. 

### 3.1.1.3 THELMA Task 2.3 Draft Title: 

### Laundry Demonstration Center \ Date: April 1996 . Report leader: Dethman & Associates Objectives: The Demonstration Center's purpose was to introduce potential H-axis consumers to two types ofH-axiswashers, and to collect their reactions to an9 insights about these washers. The primary objectives ofthe Demonstration Center were to assess respondents·:

.. Awareness and initial impressions ofH-axis washers.

.. Preferences for top-loading vs. front-loading H-axis washers.

.. Reactions to trying out an H-axis·washers when they conducted a "test wash."

.. Likelihood ofbuying an H-axis washer.

.. Questions about"H-axis washers and reactions to H-axis utility program ideas.

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### Type of Research: Survey ofparticipants after demonstrating washers. Sample size:.one hundred in-depth interviews were conducted. Time period ofsurveys: November 7, 1995 to February 21, 1996. 

### 3.1.1.4 THELMA Task 4 Draft Title: 

### Impact Analysis Date: October 1996 

### DRAFT

Report leader: SBW Consulting, Inc. (for EPRI Retail Market Tools and Services) 

### Objective: To assess energy and water savings in an "in-home" environment as compared to a laboratory setting. 

### Types of Research:**~** Sample size: monitored 50 homes:**~** Two types ofH-axis washers were used.**~** Time frame: Phase I (existing washer monitored) Sept 1995 - Dec. 1995, Phase II (H-axis washer monitored) May 1996 - Aug. 1996.**~** Existing washer and dryer were monitored for a 6-week period.**~·** AH-axis washer was then substituted for the Y-axis washer, and.the H-axis washer and dryer were then monitored for a 7-week period. 

### 3.1.1.5 THELMA, Final Report Title: 

### Laboratory Testing ofClothes Washers, Final Report Date: April 17, 1997 Contractor: ArthurD:Little, Inc. (ADL) Principle investigators: 

### J Dieckmann:, DetlefWestphalen Prepared for'EPRI 

### Objective: . To do additional testing onH-axis washers not available·at the time ofthe previous laboratory testing.

8 \Type of Research: Laboratory testing ofwasher to determine (for 8 washers):

... DOE washer capacity · ..

... Hot and cold watecconsumption

... Energy consumption by the washer mechanical drive

... DOE energy factor

... Water extraction effectiveness

... Effect ofwater extraction effectiveness on dryer energy

... Soilremoval effectiveness

... Rinsing effectiveness

... Gentleness ofaction 3.1.2 Bern Clothes Washer Study, Draft Final Report (January 1998) Sponsors: Department ofEnergy, Maytag Contractor: OakridgeNational Laboratory Contacts: 

### DRAFT

... Jon**Tomlinson~** OakridgeNational Laboratory (ORNL), Phone: (423) 574-0291

... D'.T. Rizy, OakridgeNational Laboratory

... Linda Eggerss, Maytag, Phone: (515) 791-8518 Objectives:

... To evaluatetheenergy and water savings ofhigh-efficiency,.H-axis washers in a community which has been converted to the new design. .,. To demonstratethe findings and to develop information helpful to utilities (energy and water) and otherswith an eye towards moving the current clothes washer market to higher efficiency · options. Summary:· H-axis washers wereinstalled in 105 homes in Ben\ Kansas. Monitoring took place first with the existing vertical axis washing machines and in phase II with the Maytag Neptune H-axis washer. · Type of Research:

... Demonstration/monitor & metering study.

... Interviews and questionnaires were used to determ.ine the users satisfaction with the washer.

... Sample size: 105 homes in Bern, Kansas. ·

... Duration: monitoring took place between June, 1997 and September 1997. 9

### DRAFT Data collectedon:

... impacts ofload size

... water consumption

... energy consumption

... detergent us·e and consumption

... impacts on other additives

... impacts onlaundry habits

... impacts onmachine settings



### ... cleaning performance.

... impacts on load dampness

... impacts on drying habits



### ... municipal utility impacts 3.1.3 WashWise I . . . DraftReport: Coming Clean About Resource-Efficient Clothes.Washers: An Initial WashWise Program and Market Progress Report Date: November 7, 1997 

### Commissionedby: . • NorthwestEnergy EfficiencyAlliance (NWEEA); comprised primarily ofelectric utilities in the Pacific Northwest. 

### Contractors: • Portland Energy Conservation Inc. (PECI) • Gilmore Research • Pacific En,ergy Associates (PEA) 

### Contacts: • Northwest EnergyEfficiency Alliance Gabriel Foulkes, Phone: (5_93) 827-8416 x225 BenB'ronfman, Phone: (503) 827-8416 x226 • Portland Energy Conservation Inc. (PECI) • Pacific Energy Associates (PEA) DavidHewitt, Phone: (360) 571-0497 Gary Smith, Phone: (503) 590-4609 ·• Gilmore Research Group Denise Bauman, Phone: (503) 236-4551 • OregonDepartment ofEnergy ·Charlie Stevens, Phone: (503) 229-5625 10,•· 

### DRAFT Objectives: • To dramatically increase the market share ofresource-efficient clothes washers (RECWs) in the program area over the next three years. • To influence the development and support ofmaximum energy and water efficiency levels for reviseq Federal clothes washer standards. 

### Type of Research: • This project includes: • a telephone survey of419 participants/purcha.Sers ofRECWs as part ofthe Wash Wise rebate program (a rebate program funded by utilities) • an intercept survey of42 consumers shopping for laundry equipment • a telephone survey of205 appliance retailers • . atelephone survey ofqualified representatives ofnine major appliance manufacturer and.importers ofEuropean products 

### Summary: • Gilmore Research conducted the following surveys: • Participant Survey - Those who**participat~d** in the rebate program and bought a H-axis clothes washer. Consumers got a $130 instant rebate and dealers got a $20 rebate from the sponsoring utility. • Intercept Surveys - what people thought ofH-axis washers before they became participants and before they used the H-axis washers. • Retailer S,urvey (dealers) - how many they think they could sell. • Manufacturer Survey-· predicted future H-axis sales. • Pacific Energy Associates evaluated the program and discussed key findings in the report: 

### Coming CleanAboutResource-Efficient Clothes Washers: AnInitial WashWise Program andMarketProgressReport.- Draft, November 7, 

### 1997 This report includes analysis of: • reasons for purchasing a RECW; • satisfaction with WashWise program; • product pricing and RECW cost barrier; • manufacturer's perception ofthe RECW market; • opportunities for increasing RECW sales. 

### Future Work: Follow-up participant, consumer awareness/acceptance, appliance dealer, and manufacturers**su~eys** will be conducted in the Spring of 1998. .·

11... 

### DRAFT 3.2 Utility Demand Side Management IMarket Transformation Programs 3.2.1 Northeast**En~rgy** 

### Efficiency Partnership (NEEP) Contact: BruceWall, Phone: 

### (860) 620-0076 Objective: . The market for high efficiency clothes washers will be evaluated. High efficiency clothes washers will be promoted. 

### Summary: • A consortium ofutilities. • Programwill officially start on April 

### 21, 1998, although some members ofthe partnership have already begun the program (e.g., Con-Electric). • Currently there are 

### 18-20 participating utilities and retailers covering 5

### .4 million customers in all ofNewEngland, excluding Maine, and including Long Island Lighting. • NewJersey is expected tojoin in 

### 1999. New Jersey's 

### 1998 program will include only new construction. • Any washer meeting Energy Star performance levels is eligible; currently this means horizontal axis washers. · · • Could characterize as a market pull program; some. participants will have incentives, also c<;msumer education will be done, point ofsales marketing promotions/education. • Baseline market research will include: su.rvey.s, focus groups, interviews with retailers, intercept interviews with consumers leaving the store. ( will follow up with repeat interviews ofthe**sa~e** people 

## i2 months later, who bought or didn't buy 

### l:t horizontal-axis washer) • Some participants will have incentives to purchase efficient washers. • Sub-contq1ctor: RLW Analytics has started work. 

### 3.2.2 CleanerNorthwest Project Summary: This group includes Bonneville Power, Seattle Water, Seattle City Light, and Puget Power in the Seattle area and Pacific Gas & Electric in San Francisco. The emphasis ofthis project is primarily consumer education onH-axis technology.

12·"'' 

### ... 

### DRAFT 3.2.3 Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)- Utility Survey Contact: Ted Pope, Phone: (415) 973-4856 

### Summary: _

... PG&E had a customer programwhere they gave rebates to consumers who bought energy efficient washers. ($75-$175 rebates). ·

... Currently all e'Iigible machines are H-axis..

... In addition, waterutilities also provided rebates up to $75.

... Rebate program participants (643) responded to an 11 question survey.

... Survey questions focused on participants satisfaction withtheir purchased H-axis machines. 

### 3.2.4 Commonwealth Electric-Utility Survey Contact: DickMoran, Phone: (508) 291-0950 x 3548 

### Summary: • Surveyed 17? participants in the clothes washer rebate program. • Questions relevant to this study include:

... Would you have purchased this washer without a rebate?

... Rate yourwasher (in comparison to old washer) in terms ofease ofuse, appearance, tjme to wash, and quality ofwash).

... Have you had any problems? 

### 3.3 Organizations 3.3.1 Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Contact: Chfistine Egan, Product Manager, Phone: (617) 589-3949 x207 

### Source of information: CEENewsletter, August & September 1997 

### Background: The ConsortiumforEnergyEfficiency (CEE) is a non-profit organization which works with manufacturers and utilities to promote high-efficiency products. One of CEE's major initiatives has been its high-efficiency washing machine program. Products which meet CEE standards are eligible for significant rebates from electric utilities involvt::d in the. CEE initiative, notably California's Pacific Gas & Electric. 13 . 

# ,

## .. DRAFT CEE has developed a scale for rating the energy efficiency;wateruse efficiency and remaining moisture content level for clothes washers. Participating members can use these efficiency levels in .rebate or otherincentive based programs. CEE also mails out newsletters keeping members abreast ofcurrent devdopments in high-efficiency clothes washer activities. Over the past four years, the CEE staffhas gathered and disseminated technological and market information about high-efficiency clothes washers. They are now expanding-this role to include detailed information on existing washer p.rograms and sample products (e.g., point ofpurchase materials, advertisements, press kits, etc.). CEE will act as a clearinghouse on washer programs and materials. AsofAugust 1997,utili.ties serving roughly 15% ofU.S. households are participating in the CEE ClothesWasher Initiative. In 1998, they expect that number will increase to 18 percent. Participants in the CEEclotheswasher initiative: • Citizens Utilities in Vermont - rebates • Los Angeles Department ofWater and Power- considering programs for 1998 . • San Diego Gas and Electric - considering programs for 1998 • Pacific Gas 

### & Electric - rebates, surveys • Wash Wise in Northeast (see description elsewhere in report) - rebates • Southern California Gas · . • CommonwealthElectric · • NortheastEnergy Efficiency Partnership (NEEP) - emphasizing marketing and customer education in 1998; rebates are also under consideration. LikelyNEEPparticipantsare: NewEngland Electric System Northeast utilities BostonEdison EasternUtility Associates CommonwealthElectric**~** Commonwealth Electric, in addition to their participation in NEEP, will go forward with a rebate program, demonstrations, customer education through teacher workshops, brochures, and news letters. Green Mountain Power Central Vermont Power Service Bay State Gas Boston Gas Colonial Gas Commonwealth Gas

14

## DRAFT**Consider~ngfuture**

### participation in CEE initiative: • Public ServiCe Electric and Gas • Atlantic Electric 

### Californiaparticipants: • Sacramento Municipal Utility District - rebates, education and promotion efforts through Energy Star Appliance Initiative • San Diego Gas 

### & Electric - education and promotion through Energy Star Appliance Initiative • San Diego Water Authority - rebates • Souther California Gas - initiated a pilot program to work with manufacturers to develop customized high efficiency clothes washers programs. • City ofMilbrae - rebates 

### Northwestparticipants: . • Wash Wise -·rebates and other (see elsewhere in report) • State ofOregon -**~ax** credit • Eugene Water and Electric Board - rebate • Salem electric - rebate • City ofAshland - rebate . • NorthwestNatural 

### Gas & PortlandWaterBureau- mobile demonstration ofhigh efficiency washers (two horizontal axis machines) • McMinnville Water & Light -. ·rebate 

### MidwestParticipr;znts: . • InterstatePower (Iowa) - rebate for horizontal-axis machines • Wisconsin Public Service - promotional programs, utility financing programs 

### The RockyMountain StatesParticipants: • City ofBoulder, CO I)ept. Ofpublic Works/Utilities - rebates 

### 3.3.2 Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI) Report: 

### Marketing Strategies for Horizontal Axis Washers, How Utilities Can Engage the Horizontal Axis WasherMarket, EPRI TR-107612, 4953-03 Final Report, · December 1996 ' · 

### Contact: John Kesselring, Residential Technologies 

### & Services, Phone: (415) 855-2902

15

### DRAFT Commissionedby: EPRl- Retail MarketTools & Services Directory Contractor: Dove Associates, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts Summary: A report was commissioned by EPRI to aid utilities in evaluating how they can engage the H-ax.is washer market. Strategic and tactical advice is given on how to increase the market for H-ax.is washers..Information from The High-Efficiency Laundry Metering/Marketing Analysis (THELMA) was used in the EPRI report.. · TheEPRI report has general demographics US area charts for family size, income level and education level as well as fuel and water prices. The purpose is to target marketing to gro_ups most likely to be interested in a H-axis washer. 

### 3.3.3 Green Seal Source of information: Green Seal web site on 05/21/96, 

### [http://www.greenseal.org] · Summary: Products meeting certain environmental standards receive authorization to

### ~se the Green Seal Certification Mark. For clothes washers this includes minimum requirements for energy use, and water use, and residual moisture content. To meet class "A" certification level the criteria below must .be met.

.. Energy Factor must be greaterthan 1.5 ft3 /(kWh/cycle)

.. Wateruse must be no greater than 11.0 gal./ft3 /cycle . "' Residual moisture content (RMC) must be no greaterthan 50% 

### 3.4 Government Projects 3.4.1 Energy Star Program Contacts: Bill Noel - Partnerships manager, DOE, Phone (202) 586-6149 LeeBodner-Program manager; D&RInternational, Phone: (301) 588-9387 MaryMyers -D&RInternational, Phone: (301) 588-9387 . Jamie Treworgy- D&RInternational, Phone: (301) 588-9387 Marc Lafrance- DOE, Phone: (202) 586-8423 16 \

## ... 

# '

-

## ..
DRAFT Background: Energy_Star is ajointproject ofthe

## μ.s. Department ofEnergy_(DOE) and the Environmental· Protection Agency (EPA). This collaboration concentrates on educating consumers about the benefits of highly energy efficient home. appliances, consumer electronics, office ·-equipment and building materials. 

### Programs: . • Demonstrating new Technologies in "real world" settings Example: .Bern, Kansas /MaytagWasher study • Volume Purchases Large institutional buyers, such as housing authorities, are organized to pool their. resources. • Energy Star Appliance Program (formerly the Retailer Initiative) A retailer initiative pilot program to promote high efficiency washers. The DOE will place "Energy Star" labels on efficient washers to help consumers differentiate them from other machines; making it easier for consumers to recognize efficient appliances. A list ofenergy efficient clothes washers is listed at the energy star web site: http://www.energystar.gov. • Financing Programs TheDOEis also working onfinancing programs with Fannie Mae, and working with utilities and retailers to determine the best ways to communicate efficiency benefits to consumers. • Energy StarManufactured Homes Program DOE, Washington State University, and the Idaho Department ofWaterResources are working with regional manufacturers to include high efficiency residential appliance, including clothes washers, in manufactured homes. 

### Energy StarParticipants reportedAugust97: • SMUD • Southern CaliforniaEdison • SDG&E • PotomacElectric Power Co. • Wisconsin Electric Power Company • WisconsinPublic Service • Portland Energy Conservation Inc. 17

### DRAFT 3.4.2 Commercial Laundry Field Study Commissionedby: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Maytag Contractor: Jon Tomlinson, ORNL, Phone: (423) 574-0291 Sub-contractor: Ayres Associates Summary: • Conducted in Tampa, Florida apartment complex with 100 units. • 10 washers (residential size V- axis ) changed to Maytag horizontal**axi~** washers. • 'Measured energy and water use. • Phase I machines: Y-axis. • Washers average 115 cycles per month • Main laundry room selected with 10 washers. 

### 3.4.3 McDill Air Force Base Commissionedby: Department ofDefense Contact: Jon Tomlinson, ORNL, Phone: (423) 574-0291 Objectives: • Improved**awarenes~** ofbenefits. • Information dissemination to facility managers. • Information onload size. Summary: • Energy and wasteruse study in two apartment laundry rooms used by Armybarracks. • Washers used: Y-axis large Speed Queenreplaces by 5 Frigidaire, 1 Creda • Activities include:**~** New, leased Y-axis machines made available**~** H-axis machines contributed to project by manufacturers**~** Technical evaluation**~** Measure energy/water**cor~sumption;** measure.load size**~** Customer impressions/habits



### 18

### DRAFT 3.4.4 Fort Hood**Demo~stration** 

### Study (metering study) Commissionedby: Department ofDefense, Forces Command-Department ofArmy 

### Contacts: • Greg Sullivan, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Phone: (509) 372-6212 . • Graham Parker, PNNL, Phone: (509) 375-3805 

### Summary: · • Fort Hood -Texas (near Austin), Army Base. • Plan to monitor Staber, Frigidaire, Maytag, 

### & Amana washers. • On-premise laundry for the barracks. • Eachbarrackhas 6-15 machines. • Will monitor: hot & cold water and mechanical energy. • A 6 month project starting in December 1997.



## - • Baseline washers are Ro.per r.esidential washers. • Will examine operation and maintenance expense (washers expectedto be treated roughly). • Jan-May monitor H-axis washers. • Each machine does 6-7 turns a day. • On premise laundry machines (like commercial washers without a coin box). • Report early summer of 1998. 

### CurrentStatus (2-23-98): • Have monitored/metered Roperbaseline washers for two months. • Are currently monitoring Staber washers and have one months worth ofdata. 

### 3.4.5 Fort Hood Government Procurement - Department of.Defense Commissionedby: Department ofDefense, Department ofArmy 

### Contact: Greg Sullivan, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) 

### Summary: • Government procurement program. • Army bought approximately 1,200 Staber horizontal axis washing machines during the summer/fall of 1997. • Fort Hood will purchase instead oflease washing machines (as they have done in the.past).

19

### DRAFT. 3.4.6 FEMP Federal Energy Management Program 

### Contacts: • NmeeMcCain, Phone: (202) 484-0880 · • JeffHarris, Phone: (202) 484-0880 

### Source of information: FEMP web site:**http://www.e~en.doe.gov/femp/procurement/begin.html** 

### -Summary_: . · TheFederal Energy Management Program ofthe U.S. Department ofEnergy**~as** produced a series ofProduct Recommendations to assist Federal procurement officials and other

.purchasing decision makers in identifying products that meet orexceed the requirements of Executive Order 12902. These requirements direct Federal· agencies to purchase "best practice" energy-efficient, renewable, and water-conserving products wheneverthey meet an agency's specific performance requirements and are cost-effective. For energy-efficient products, TheExecutive Order identifies "best practice" as products in the upper 25 percent ofenergy effidency for all similar**product~,** or products that are at least I0 percent more efficient than the minimum level that meets Federal standards. 

### It is expected that clothes washers will be included in the residential appliances on the list targeted for best practice procurement. 

### 3.4.7 Washington State University Energy Cooperative (formerly Washington State Energy Office); Manufactured Housing Project 

### Contact: ChuckMurray, Phone: (3'60) 956-2062 Linda Sandahl, PNNL, Phone: (503) 417-7554 Greg Sullivan, PNNL 

### Sub-contractor: PNNL 

### Objectives: • To sign on manufacturers to a program that offers high efficiency appliance packages (including clothes washers) and to combine them with a mortgage on a mobile home. • To analyze the interactive effects ofenergy savings with high efficiency appliance packages

. and to measure the impact onthe mobile home mortgage.

20

### .DRAFT 3.5 Consumer Publications ' 

### 3.5.1 Consumer Reports I Consumers Union Contact: MarkConnelly, DivisionHead-HomeEnvironmental Products, Phone: (914) 378-2325 

### Source of information: July 1997 issue of

### ConsumerReports magazine 

### Summary: • Rates clothes washers • Evaluates: noise, washability and features 

### 3.5.2 Consumer- NewZealand publication ' 

### Contact: Hamish Wilson, email:hamish@consumer.org 

### Source of information: September 1997 issue of

### Consumer magazine. 

### Summary: • Rates soil removal, ease ofuse, gentleness, noise. • Rates more H-axis washers than U.S. consumer publications. 

### 3.6 Trade Organizations 3;6.1 The Soap and Detergent Association (SDA) Contact: Janet Donohue, Phone: (212) 725-1262 

### Background: ', The Soap and Detergent Association is a 139 member, national trade association, founded in 1926. TheAssociation represents the manufacturers ofhousehold, industrial and institutional cleaning products and those companies that supply ingredients and finished packaging to the industry. Over 90% ofthe cleaning products sold in the United States are made by SDA members. 

### Summary: The Soap and Detergent Association made available (October 1996) a publication detailing · information on detergents and their use in horizontal axis machines. 21

### DRAFT

. Discus.sed are:

• excessive sudsing • formulating detergents for high-efficiency H-axis machines • watertemperature • lower watervolume • clothes-to-water ratio • powder detergents and laundry additives • load sizes • amount ofdetergent required • availability ofhigh-efficiency dete.rgent 

### 3.6.2 ArthurD. Little (ADL) Report on the behalfofAHAM, 1991 Report: 

### Summary of Findings: U.S. 

### ·Manufacturerand ConsumerImpactStudy of the ChangeOver to HorizontalAxis, Top Loading Washing Machines, ADL on behalfofAHAM, September 13, 1991

.Objective: Consumer preference and product utility methodology**ass~ssment.** 

### Summary: • Assessment ofproduct utility and consumerpreferences is based on a direct consumer survey. • · 300 participants in Denver and Indianapolis. • Environmentally sensitive and typical U.$. cities.· 

### • Mall interviews. • Side-by-side, hands-on comparison ofequivalent size, top loading vertical axis and H-axis washers. • Quantitative results based on a conjoint analysis offeature combinations. Features relating.to: adding clothing, loading.method, water use and detergent use were examined.

. . . 

### 3.6.3 Research Institute for Cleaning Technology -.Hans-GunterBloch Contact: Hans-Gunter Hloch, Phone: 49 2151 770072 Location: Krefeld, Germany 

### Summary: • Publications on detergents and washing. • Submitted papers at 1997 International Appliance Technical Conference (IATC). 22

### DRAFT 3.7 University Research 3.7.1 Peter DuPont- International Institute for.Energy Conservation (IIEC)

.. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, College ofUrban Affairs and Public Policy, University ofDelaware
.,,. Doctoral Research Proposal: Develop models ofconsumer behavior and consumer preferences. .

.. Determine how much energy policy affects the energy efficiency of purchased appliances (including energy labeling program). 

### 3.8 Utilities - Rebates The following utilities either had or currently have washer rebate programs. With the exception of Commonwealth Electric, none ofthe utilities have conducted any consumer surveys or studies regarding the horizontal axis clothes washer. 

### 3.8.1 Alameda County Water District- Northern California Contact: Thomas Niesar, Phone: (510) 659-1970 x220 Therebate ($75/washer) program has had 273 rebate requests overthe duration (2 months of 1996, 1997) with . over 100 applicants coming through overthe last month. They have no plans to conduct customer satisfaction surveys or studies. 

### 3.8.2 City ofAustin Municipal Utility-Texas Contact: Tony Gregg, City ofAustin Municipal Utility - Water Conservation Program, Phone: (512) 499-3557 About 80 horizontal-axis machines are sold monthly in Austinto residential customers (as determined by a survey ofretail stores done by tl:te City ofAustin), and they estimate a target market of 1.,000 customers for their pending rebate program. Savings based upon utility rates in Austin would yield the average residential customer $30 peryear savings opthe waterbill, $9 peryear in natural gas, and $41 in electricity. .

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### DRAFT 3.8.3 Commonwealth Electric Contact: DickMoran, Phone: (508) 291-0950 x 3548 The rebate program has been running since September 1997 with 200 rebates offered to date.

. . 

### 3.8.4 Eugene Water and Electric Board Contact: Rqb Roy? Phone: (541) 484-2411 Surveys are sent out onthe washer rebate program to determine customer satisfaction with the utility services, 

### notthe appliance. This survey does not include questions about consumer satisfaction with the appliance. The sales showthe progress ofthe program: 

### 3.8.5 Marin Water District Contact: James Fryer, Phone: (415) 924-4600 x351 No specific surveys or studies have been conducted. 

### 3.8.6 San Diego County Water Authority - Residential Program 

### Contact: Vicki Driver, Cheryl Munoz, Alexi Schneider, Phone: (619) 682-4151 The (commercial H-axis washer) program started onN·ovember 17, 1997, and they have processed 12 vouchers for $150 each. 

### 3.8.7 San Diego Gas and Electric Contact: Marline Selifiy, Phone: (619) 654-1287 There have been no consumer studies during the program. 

### ·It was run for a short period oftime with the focus ofimplementati_on and planning.

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### DRAFT 3.8.8 Salem Electric Corporation - Conservation Department Contact: JeffLewis, Phone: (503) 362-3601 There**have.bee~** no consumer surveys. The $60/washer rebate.program has· been going on for 2 years, with 80% ofthe rebates attributed to Wash Wise - sales in the last six months. 

### 3.8.9 Seattle Water Contact: SuzanHill, Phone: (206) 684-4150 Their marketing plan based on THELMA results predicted they would see a 3% market share for these·appliances, however, they are seeing early success with already a· 6% market share. While the· study predicted 870 rebates per year, they have seen 1100 rebates since June. Portland Energy

. 

### ' Conservation, Inc. is the consultant working for this four state program and part oftheir.work is the , evaluation. This includes a questionnaire to consumers and follow-up phone calls. 

### 3.9 Additional Publications • · (1994) "Water 

### & Energy Efficient Clothes Washers," American Water Works Association, Conference Proceedings. · ' . • Wessel, J, M. Sanik, and S. Park, (1993) "Consumers' Perceptions ofTop-Load Versus Front LoadWashers," Proceedings 44th Annual IntematiOnal Appliance Technical Conference. • Retail Business- Market Surveys, "WashingMachines and Clothes Dryers." n452, Oct. 1995, · p. 61-82 (ISSN-0951) • DealerscopeMerchandising: Dixon, M. "GreenMachines- Will front-loading clothes washers gain in popularity ifconsumers understand their environmental benefits?" V36, No.IO p66 October 1994. ) • Appliance Magazine, Clothes and Personal, Tina Gornick, November. 18, 1997, Clothes Encounters, Kimberly 

### L. Lapat

... Appliance Buyer's Guide --Horizontal-Axis (High Efficiency) Washers web site: 

### http://appliance.com/iq/buy.guide.97.7.htm (recorded in November 1997) • George, 

### KL. (1994). "Horizontal-Axis Clothes Washer.Market Poised for Expansion," ESOURCE TU-94-6. 25

### DRAFT • Pope, E. and M. Slaviri (1992). "Energy Efficient Horizontal Axis Washing Machines: Technology Assessment and Cost Effectiveness Evaluation." Washington State Energy Office. • Shepard, M. (1992) "Horizontal-axis washing machines offer large savings: New models enteringNorth American market." E-Source inc. TM92-l • Nadel, S. (1993) "UsingUtility DSMPrograms to Spurthe Development ofMore Efficient Appliances," (Paper describes utility programs that are designed to encourage manufacturers to develop and commercialize highly efficient refrigerators and clothes washers.) Presented at the International Appliance Technical Conference. • Business Communications Company, Industry Research and Technical Marketing Analysis: E-070: Energy-SavingDevices And Equipment: Residential And Commerical, Sandra Grant, Project Analyst. · · 

### 3.10 Related Studies • Brown and Whiting, "Consumer Attitudes to Energy Efficient Appliances." • Steding 

### A., J. Morrison, P. Gleick, (1996)" Water Savings with Frigidaire Company's Alliance HA- Clothes Washer and Quantum Dishwasher in 3 Western US Metropolitan**Areas,~'** Pacific Institute Working Paper, Pacific Institute Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland. • Suozzo, M, and S. Nadel (1996) "ManyMarket Transformation Initiatives Have Influenced Energy Efficiency Markets," August 1996. • Geller, Hand S. Nadel (1996) "Market Transformation Strategies to PromoteE11d Use Efficiency." (11 case studies) • Geller, Hand S. Nadel (1996) "Market Transformation Programs: Past Resuits, FutureDirections."

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