Appendix 7.3 

Emissions Inventory Technical Documentation 
Appendix 7.3 2002 Emissions Inventory Technical Documentation 

This appendix contains a summary of the 2002 emissions inventory improvements 

developed by CENRAP and its contractors as part of the development of a baseline 

inventory for the 2002 modeling inventory. This document refers back to three reports 

prepared by Sonoma Technology, Inc. (STI), a contractor retained to develop and 

improve various inventory categories, which dealt with: 

• Planned burning emissions inventory 

• Ammonia inventory 

• Mobile source and fugitive dust emissions inventory

Planned Burning Emissions Inventory

Agricultural and prescribed burning activities, referred to as planned burning, likely 

contribute to episodes of impaired visibility in the CENRAP region. STI developed 

planned burning emissions inventories for the CENRAP region, including Kansas. In 

Kansas, planned burning is an important component of the nonpoint source category, 

with a significant amount of emissions. 

STI used a “bottom-up” approach in preparing these emissions estimates. This 

preparation included using the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), incorporating 

emission factors and fuel loadings gathered from published literature, geographic 

information systems (GIS) databases of land cover and vegetation, and activity data 

gathered through telephone surveys. 

In Kansas, a significant amount of the burning occurs on rangeland and cropland. To 

best characterize the amounts burned, STI performed an agricultural burning survey of 

the county agricultural extension service offices within the state. This survey included 

rangeland burning questions designed to determine the fraction of rangeland acreage 

typically burned each year and the timing of such burn events. Of the 105 total counties 

surveyed, 59 responded, which represents a 56% response rate. The results of these 

surveys for wheat stubble and rangeland burning are represented in Figures A7.3.1 and 

A7.3.2.

Assuming the responding counties comprise a representative sample, these two 

categories, wheat stubble burning and rangeland burning, together represent 

approximately 93% of the acres burned in Kansas. As can be seen in Table A7.3.1, these 

two categories also represent the majority of the burning inventory emissions. 

To view the entire STI report on planned burning visit 

http://www.kdheks.gov/bar/index.html. 
Figure A7.3.1 Kansas Wheat Stubble Burning Statistics, by Responding County 
Figure A7.3.2 Kansas Rangeland Burning Statistics, by Responding County 

Table A7.3.1 Total Acres Burned in Kansas with Estimated Annual Emissions 

Ammonia Inventory 

It is widely recognized that the formation of secondary particulate matter, which is 

generated from chemical transformations in the atmosphere of gaseous precursor species 

such as ammonia, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and volatile organic compounds, 
contributes significantly to regional haze issues in the CENRAP region. In Kansas, 

agriculture-related ammonia emissions, coming from sources such as confined animal 

feeding operations (CAFOs) and crop fertilization, are significant. Because ammonia can 

have an impact on the formation of secondary particulate species, CENRAP and Kansas 

spent considerable resources on developing an accurate ammonia inventory. STI 

developed a comprehensive inventory for CENRAP. To view the entire STI report on 

ammonia visit http://www.kdheks.gov/bar/index.html. 

In Kansas, over 50% of the ammonia emissions come from livestock emissions, including 

CAFOs and free range grazing. In 2002, it is estimated that 91,000 tons/yr of ammonia 

came from these two source categories. In addition, it is estimated that 65,000 tons/yr of 

ammonia emissions came from fertilizer emissions. The remainder of the ammonia 

emissions in Kansas is from biogenic and point sources categories. 

One of the important considerations in the development of the ammonia inventory was 

the temporal allocation of the ammonia emissions, both seasonally and diurnally. STI did 

considerable work in developing temporal profiles for the ammonia inventory in Kansas. 

These temporal profiles were then utilized during photochemical modeling. 

Mobile source and fugitive dust emissions inventory

In Kansas, the emissions inventory for the on-road mobile and nonroad mobile source 

categories are fairly significant for certain pollutants. STI prepared detailed inventories 

for these source categories, including refined spatial and temporal data. Table A7.3.2 has 

a summary of the locomotive emissions in Kansas, while Table A7.3.3 shows emissions 

from other nonroad source categories. There are minimal emissions from recreational 

boating in Kansas, thus it is not summarized here. 

Table A7.3.2 2002 Locomotive Emissions in Kansas (tons/yr) 
Table A7.3.3 2002 Nonroad Mobile Source Emissions in Kansas by Equipment Type 

(tons/yr)

The final emissions category that STI analyzed dealt with direct PM2.5 emissions from 

agricultural sources. These emissions come from sources such as agricultural fugitive 

dust from tilling operations. In Kansas, it is estimated that there are over 50,000 tons/yr 

of direct PM2.5 emissions from agricultural tilling operations. As was the case for 

ammonia emissions, the temporal distribution of these emissions is important as they are 

seasonal in nature. To view the entire STI report on mobile source and fugitive dust visit 

http://www.kdheks.gov/bar/index.html.