Christina
2

breakthrough time was 57 years and that this value was nearly three orders of magnitude more than 

that obtained from SCI-GROW modeling (0.00074 ppb of ipconazole); and

(1) For surface water: 0.173 ppb of ipconazole for peak value, 0.105 ppb of ipconazole for 

the highest non-cancer chronic (annual mean) value, and 0.076 ppb of ipconazole for the 

highest cancer chronic (overall annual mean) value. 

As detailed below, this revision was necessary in order to cover all current labels including 

subject changes, exclude non-registered use patterns (i.e., potato & sweet potato), and to correct 

use label rates in lbs a.i/A for most of the crops to reflect all current labels and the newly 

published crop seeding rates by BEAD. It is noted that previous assessments used Tier I modeling, 

however, Tier II modeling was used in this assessment: PRZM/EXAMS for surface water and 

SCIGROW and PRZM-GW for ground water. 

It is also important to note the following:

(1) No decision was found on the residue of concern for ipconazole. Therefore, this 

assessment is based on parent ipconazole alone because ipconazole is highly persistent 

(90th percentile half-life= 2,483 days) and its only degradation product of concern is 

Triazole which was found, in an aerobic soil metabolism study, at a relatively low 

concentrations (maximum concentration= 11.8% of applied parent). Including the 

degradation product triazole as part of the residue of concern is not expected to affect 

resultant EDWC concentrations;

(2) This assessment does not address the expected contribution of ipconazole to the 

concentration of it’s degradate triazole; a common degradation product of several conazole 

pesticides. Please refer to previous drinking water assessments and/or other EFED 

communications related to this aspect; and

(3) The main drivers for exposure are application rate (product and seeding rates) and depth 

of incorporation (i.e., seeding depth). Seeding rates used were as per BEAD 

recommendation, however, seeding depths were obtained from the literature and for 

conservative estimates, and the minimum reported seeding depths were used in modeling. 

It is noted that modeling assumed crops are to be seeded at appropriate depths and that 

“No broadcast seeding is allowed for treated seeds” is to be placed on the label for treated 

seed bags. 

The above stated values represent upper-bound estimates of total concentrations that might be 

found in surface water and ground water due to the use of ipconazole as fungicide seed treatment

on the current use patterns including the proposed new use by expansion of uses from crop 

subgroup 6C to the entire crop group 6. The maximum EDWC values for both surface and ground 

water were based on the ginseng use pattern. If necessary, EDWC values for groundwater 

resulting from Tier I PRZM-GW may be refined by using Tier II PRZM-GW (strategies suggested 
3

are included in: Guidance for Using PRZM-GW in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments; 

October 15, 2012). If more information or refinement is needed, please call Mohammed A. 

Ruhman at (703) 605-0644 or email: Ruhman.mohammed@epa.gov

I. Introduction

Previously, the attached two Tier I drinking water assessments were developed for this chemical 

on uses stated in these assessments:

• Appendix 1: Addendum: Tier 1 Drinking Water Concentrations for Seed Treatment Uses 

of Ipconazole; EFED Memorandum dated March 15, 2004; DP Barcode: D289658; and;

• Appendix 2: Drinking Water Exposure Assessment for Ipconazole Use as Seed Treatment 

on Cotton, Peanuts, Soybean, Cereal Grains (except Rice) and Pea and Beans (Dry 

Shelled); EFED Memorandum dated August 22, 2007; DP Barcode: DP339009. 

The 1st drinking water assessment was based on use as per one label (Vortex) while the 2nd

drinking water assessment was based on additional new use patterns as per additional three labels, 

namely: Ipconazole/Thiram 10/350 FS; Crusoe MD; and Ipconazole 3.8 FS. It appears that 

only two of these labels: Vortex and Ipconazole/ Thiram 10/350 FS are still current. No 

information is available about Crusoe MD and Ipconazole 3.8 FS in either PRZM or the EPA 

Label System. The driver for the EDWCs, for surface and ground water, was the seed treatment on

potato which was not intended to be included in the label among the root & tuber crop group 

(both potato and sweet potato are not to be included in the label).

Currently, there are 17 labels for ipconazole seed treatment (Table 1) in addition to the new label 

which is a modification of one of these labels, namely: the Rancona 3.8FS . From these labels, 

only two labels were considered in the previous drinking water assessments (highlighted yellow)

Table 1 Summary of the results for a label PRZM search of the active registrations for ipconazole 

and its mixtures

Product Name1 Bayer-V1 Bayer-IM Bayer-V2 Bayer-TWV Valent- 1 Valent -2 CHEM-IT

Registration Date PRZM Sep-04 Aug-05 Nov-08 Sep-09 Jun-11 Jan-12 Nov- 08

Registration Date Label Nov-08 Aug-05 Feb-09 Sep-09 Aug-12 Jan-12 Sep-09

Registration Status (Label 

Stamped) 2 AC AC AC A N A AC

% of Active Ingredient 40.70% 6.04% 14.00% 1.02% 0.72% 0.72% 0.870%

Active(s) Ingredient 3 1 1+3 1+3 1+2+3 1+2+3 1+2+3 1+5
4

All of the 17 labels were downloaded from the EPA labeling system, examined and application 

parameters listed. The results for this exercise are summarized in Tables 2 and 3.

Product Name1 CHEM-R CHEM-AP CHEM-RP CHEM-S CHEM-XTR CHEM-CW CHEM-C CHEM-RS

CHEMXTRPCHEMCTS

Registration 

Date: PRZM Mar-07 Nov-08 Jan-09 Jul-09 Jul-09 Nov-09 Nov-09 Jan-11 Nov-11 Sep-12

Registration 

Date: Label Sep-12 Jun-10 Aug-10 Sep-12 Jun-12 Nov-09 Jun-11 May-12 Nov-11 Oct-12

Registration 

Status2 A AC N A A AC AC AC A N

% of Active 

Ingredient 40.70% 0.44% 0.434% 0.900% 1.029% 0.439% 0.421% 0.727% 1.029% 2.420%

Active(s) 

Ingredient 3 1 1 1+3 1+3 1+3 1+3+6 1+3+4 1+7 1+3 1+3

1 Product Name Abbreviations: Bayer-V1= Vortex; Bayer-IM= Ipconazole Metalaxyl Md (S); Bayer-V2= Vortex 2000; Bayer-TWV= 

Three-Way Vap; Valent-1= Innovate Seed Protectant; Valent-2= Innovate Neutral Seed Protectant;CHEM-IT= Ipconazole/ Thiram 10/350 

FS; CHEM-R= Rancona 3.8FS; CHEM-AP= Rancona Apex; CHEM-RP= Rancona Pinnacle; CHEM-S= Rancona Summit; CHEMXTR= Rancona Xxtra; CHEM-CW= Rancona Crest WR; CHEM-C= Rancona Crest; CHEM-RS= Rancona RS; CHEM-XTRP= Rancona 

Xxtra Pro; and CHEM-CTS= Rancona CTS Seed Protectant 2 Registration Status (Label Stamped) Abbreviations: A= Accepted; AC= Accepted with comments and N: Notification

3

Active Ingredient: 1= Ipconazole; 2= Clothianidin; 3= Metalaxyl; 4= Imidacloprid; 5= Thiram; 6= Imidacloprid; and 7= Carboxin
5

Table 2 Summary of use patterns from the current labels of ipconazole

Products Name1 → New Label Bayer-V1 Bayer-IM Bayer-V2 Bayer-TWV Valent-1 Valent-2 CHEM-IT CHEM-R

a.i/fl. Oz Product →

Crop Group/Crop 0.0294531 0.029453 0.0083594 0.0100000 0.0008047 0.0005273 0.0005273 0.0294531 0.0294531

Vegetables: Root 

& Tuber 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Vegetables: Leafy 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Vegetables: 

Brassica 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 1.00E-04 No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Vegetables: 

Cucurbits 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Hay: Grass No Use 2.49E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Hay: Non-Grass No Use 2.49E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Cotton 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 5.02E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Sunflower 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Mustard 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 5.78E-05 1.00E-04

Rape (Canola) 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 5.78E-05 1.00E-04

Ornamental 

flowers : 

Perennials 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 5.78E-05 1.00E-04

Ornamental 

flowers : Annual 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 5.78E-05 1.00E-04

Conifer 1.00E-04 1.00E-04 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 1.00E-04

Turf Grass 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Peanuts 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Soybean 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Grains 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Corn (field) 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Corn (Sweet) 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Corn (All or Not 

specified) See Above 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Millet 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Sorghum 5.01E-05 4.98E-05 1.00E-04 5.00E-05 No Use No Use No Use 5.00E-05 5.01E-05

Beans (Dry) 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.49E-05 2.50E-05

Peas (Dry) 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.49E-05 2.50E-05

Beans & Peas (All) 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

1Product Name Abbreviations New Label= Rancona 3.8FS (CHEM-R label modified); Bayer-V1= Vortex; Bayer-IM= Ipconazole Metalaxyl 

Md (S); Bayer-V2= Vortex 2000; Bayer-TWV= Three-Way Vap; Valent-1= Innovate Seed Protectant; Valent-2= Innovate Neutral Seed 

Protectant; CHEM-IT= Ipconazole/ Thiram 10/350 FS; CHEM-R= Rancona 3.8FS
6

Table 3 Summary of use patterns for the current labels of ipconazole

Products/Crops CHEM-AP CHEM-RP CHEM-S CHEM-XTR CHEM-CW CHEM-C CHEM-RS

CHEMXTRPCHEMCTS

a.i/fl. Oz Product 0.0002969 0.000301 0.000625 0.000716 0.000301 0.0003 0.000609 0.000716 0.0016328

Vegetables: Root 

& Tuber No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Vegetables: Leafy No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Vegetables: 

Brassica No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Vegetables: 

Cucurbits No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Hay: Grass No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Hay: Non-Grass No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Cotton No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Sunflower No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Mustard No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Rape (Canola) No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 7.50E-05 No Use No Use

Ornamental 

flowers : Perennials No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Ornamental 

flowers : Annual No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Conifer No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Turf Grass No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Peanuts No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Soybean No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Grains 2.47E-05 2.51E-05 2.50E-05 No Use 2.51E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use

Corn (field) No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Corn (Sweet) No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Corn (All or Not 

specified) 2.47E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Millet 2.47E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

Sorghum 2.47E-05 2.51E-05 No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05

Beans (Dry) No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Peas (Dry) No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05 No Use No Use No Use 2.50E-05 2.50E-05

Beans & Peas (All) No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use No Use

1Product Name Abbreviations:CHEM-AP= Rancona Apex; CHEM-RP= Rancona Pinnacle; CHEM-S= Rancona Summit; CHEM-XTR= 

Rancona Xxtra; CHEM-CW= Rancona Crest WR; CHEM-C= Rancona Crest; CHEM-RS= Rancona RS; CHEM-XTRP= Rancona Xxtra 

Pro; and CHEM-CTS= Rancona CTS Seed Protectant

A review of previous drinking water assessments reveals that the application parameters used in 

theses assessment were generally in line with the current labels for ipconazole with the following 

exceptions: 

(1) Previous assessments fail to follow the labels upon which the assessments were based. For 

example, application rates for all vegetables should have been 1.00 E-04 instead of 2.50E-05
7

and application rates for mustard and rape should have been 1.00 E-04 instead of 9.96E-05

(minor difference);

(2) Ornamental flowers, conifer and turf grass were not assessed; 

(3) Some of the crops, within the crop groups, was not considered for modeling (e.g., 

rutabaga, turnip ginseng, parsley, collards, kale, Brussels sprout, some melons, and lupines);

In addition, the newly published BEAD seeding rates were mostly higher than those used in 

previous assessments. Therefore, this revised drinking water assessment was necessary as it 

corrects a.i and seeding rates as well as it includes all crops and the requested change for Rancona 

3.8FS label. Table 4 summarizes the differences between previous drinking water assessments 

and this assessment.

Table 4 Comparison summary between previous drinking water assessments and this risk 

assessment (differences highlighted in red)

Use Pattern

Previous Drinking Water Assessments This Drinking Water Assessment

Maximum Rates Maximum Rates

lbs a.i/One lb of 

Seed

lbs Seeds/A 

(Seeding Rate) lbs a.i/A

lbs a.i/One 

lb of Seed

lbs Seeds/A 

(Seeding Rate) lbs a.i/A

Vegetables: Root & Tuber 2.49E-05 12.00 2.99E-04 1.00E-04 100.00 1.00E-02

Vegetables: Leafy 2.49E-05 15.00 3.74E-04 1.00E-04 40.00 4.00E-03

Vegetables: Brassica 9.96E-05 5.00 4.98E-04 1.00E-04 6.00 6.00E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits 2.49E-05 6.00 1.49E-04 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Hay: Grass 2.49E-05 91.12 2.27E-03 2.49E-05 16.00 3.98E-04

Hay: Non-Grass 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Cotton 1.00E-04 18.00 1.80E-03 1.00E-04 18.89 1.89E-03

Sunflower 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Mustard 9.96E-05 15.00 1.49E-03 1.00E-04 7.00 7.00E-04

Rape (Canola) 9.96E-05 6.00 5.98E-04 1.00E-04 8.23 8.23E-04

Ornamental flowers : Perennials Not Assessed Not Assessed Not Assessed 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers : Annual Not Assessed Not Assessed Not Assessed 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Conifer Not Assessed Not Assessed Not Assessed 1.00E-04 5.00 5.00E-04

Turf Grass Not Assessed Not Assessed Not Assessed 2.50E-05 9.00 2.25E-04

Peanuts 2.50E-05 135.00 3.38E-03 2.50E-05 228.26 5.71E-03

Soybean 2.50E-05 100.00 2.50E-03 2.50E-05 166.70 4.17E-03

Grains 2.50E-05 150 3.75E-03 2.51E-05 156.00 3.92E-03

Corn (field & pop) 2.50E-05 Not Assessed Not Assessed 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn (Sweet) 2.50E-05 2.00 5.00E-05 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn (All or Not specified) 2.50E-05 25.00 6.25E-04 2.50E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Sorghum 5.05E-05 12.00 6.06E-04 1.00E-04 12.00 1.20E-03

Beans (Dry) 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Peas (Dry) 2.50E-05 180.00 4.50E-03 2.50E-05 217.80 5.45E-03

Beans & Peas (All) Was not labeled Not Assessed Not Assessed 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

It is also noted that there appear to be problems associated with some of the labels; these 

problems/suggested solution can be summarized as follows:
8

(1) Ipconazole Metalaxyl MD (S) label: The density of the formulation or the contents in lbs 

a.i/gallon was not stated (for this assessment: it was assumed to be 1.0688 lbs a.i/gallon);

(2) Three-Way Vap label: States that application to “Corn (sweet, field, pop): 0.262 mg 

a.i./Kernel or 1.45 fl oz or 42.9 mL/80,000 Seed Unit (for the comparison below: the rate 

was taken to equal a maximum of 3.11 fl oz of product/100 lbs seeds which is equal to 

2.50E-03 a.i/100 lbs of seeds. EFED recommends using a product rate per 100 lbs of seeds 

and omitting all other rates as it is confusing, the rate is to be suggested by the registrant and 

could be as high as 3.11 fl oz of product/100 lbs seeds, which is similar to other labels) ). The 

statement may reads as follows “Corn (sweet, field, pop): 0.262 mg a.i./Kernel or “Could be 

up to 3.11 fl oz or 42.9 mL/100 lbs 80,000 Seed Unit”; and

(3) Vortex 2000 label: States “CORN includes Field Corn and Popcorn (Forage and silage): 

apply 0.125 or 0.25 fl oz of Vortex® 2000 per 100 pounds of seed. Product can be applied on 

a per seed basis at a rate range of 0.06 - 0.0625 or 0.12 - 0.125 fI oz per 80,000 units of corn 

seed. SWEET CORN: apply 0.25 fl oz of VORTE)(® 2000 per 100 pounds of seed”. Due to 

the problems specified above for calculating per seed unit, it is assumed that the label will be 

changed to read: “CORN includes Field Corn and Popcorn (Forage and silage): apply 0.125 or 

0.25 fl oz of Vortex® 2000 per 100 pounds of seed. Product can be applied on a per seed basis 

at a rate range of 0.06 - 0.0625 or 0.12 - 0.125 fI oz per 80,000 unit of corn seed. SWEET 

CORN: apply 0.25 fl oz of VORTE)(® 2000 per 100 pounds of seed”.

It is noted that although the rates per seed might be accurate, it is recommended that the rate per 

100 lbs of seeds is used instead. 

This assessment is based on the assumption that the above mentioned problems with the labels 

are to be corrected. It is also assumed that the label for treated seed bags will specify “No 

broadcast seeding”.
9

II. Surface Water Modeling

Surface water exposure was modeled using Tier II PRAZM/EXAMS and EXPRESS shell. 

Parameters used in modeling runs were as follows:

(1) Application rate and associated parameters

The maximum active rate (lbs a.i/lb seeds) was calculated from the label. Additionally, the crops 

seeding rates were obtained from BEAD while crop seeding depths were obtained from the 

literature. For each crop a scenario or surrogate scenario was chosen and the required active rate 

calculated by multiplying active rate (lbs a.i/lb seeds) by seeding rate (lbs seeds/A). For example, 

the active rate in lbs a.i/A for rutabaga= 1.00E-04 multiplied by 2.00= 2.00E-04 (Table 5).

Table 5 Label and other parameters used for PRZM/EXAMS modeling (Crops, within each crop 

group, with the maximum application rate in lbs a.i/A are highlighted in bold/red)

Crop Group Crop Scenario

Minimum 

Seeding 

Depth (cm)

Active Rate: 

lbs a.i/lb Seeds

Seeding 

Rate: lbs 

Seeds/A

Active 

Rate: lbs 

a.i/A

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Rutabaga ME_potatoe 1.27 1.00E-04 2.00 2.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Rutabaga ID_potato 1.27 1.00E-04 2.00 2.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Rutabaga NC sweet potato 1.27 1.00E-04 2.00 2.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Turnip ME_potatoe 1.27 1.00E-04 6.00 6.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Turnip ID_potato 1.27 1.00E-04 6.00 6.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Turnip NC sweet potato 1.27 1.00E-04 6.00 6.00E-04

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Carrot FLcarrotSTD 0.32 1.00E-04 11.95 1.20E-03

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Beets (sugar/garden) MNsugarbeetSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 19.80 1.98E-03

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Radish GAOnion_WirrigSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 32.60 3.26E-03

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Radish CAonion_WirrigSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 32.60 3.26E-03

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Ginseng MNsugarbeetSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 100.00 1.00E-02

Vegetables: Leafy Lettuce & Celery CAlettuceSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 0.78 7.80E-05

Vegetables: Leafy Spinach CAlettuceSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 25.00 2.50E-03

Vegetables: Leafy Parsley ORmintSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 40.00 4.00E-03

Vegetables: Brassica Cauliflower FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 0.29 2.90E-05

Vegetables: Brassica Brussels sprout FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 0.44 4.40E-05

Vegetables: Brassica Cabbage FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04

Vegetables: Brassica Broccoli FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Vegetables: Brassica Kale FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 5.75 5.75E-04

Vegetables: Brassica Mustrad green FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 6.00 6.00E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all) FL cucumber 1.27 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all) MI melon 1.27 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all) MO melon 1.27 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04
10

Crop Group Crop Scenario

Minimum 

Seeding 

Depth (cm)

Active Rate: 

lbs a.i/lb Seeds

Seeding 

Rate: lbs 

Seeds/A

Active 

Rate: lbs 

a.i/A

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all) NJ melon 1.27 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all) CA melon 1.27 1.00E-04 2.18 2.18E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Pumpkin FL cucumber 1.27 1.00E-04 4.54 4.54E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Pumpkin MI melon 1.27 1.00E-04 4.54 4.54E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Pumpkin MO melon 1.27 1.00E-04 4.54 4.54E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Pumpkin NJ melon 1.27 1.00E-04 4.54 4.54E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Pumpkin CA melon 1.27 1.00E-04 4.54 4.54E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Squash FL cucumber 1.27 1.00E-04 8.01 8.01E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Squash MI melon 1.27 1.00E-04 8.01 8.01E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Squash MO melon 1.27 1.00E-04 8.01 8.01E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Squash NJ melon 1.27 1.00E-04 8.01 8.01E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Squash CA melon 1.27 1.00E-04 8.01 8.01E-04

Vegetables: Cucurbits Cucumber FL cucumber 1.27 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Vegetables: Cucurbits Cucumber MI melon 1.27 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Vegetables: Cucurbits Cucumber MO melon 1.27 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Vegetables: Cucurbits Cucumber NJ melon 1.27 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Vegetables: Cucurbits Cucumber CA melon 1.27 1.00E-04 11.62 1.16E-03

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Bermuda ORgrassseedSTD 0.64 2.49E-05 8.00 1.99E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Swithch ORgrassseedSTD 0.64 2.49E-05 9.00 2.24E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Blue/Rye ORgrassseedSTD 0.64 2.49E-05 10.00 2.49E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Tall fescue ORgrassseedSTD 0.64 2.49E-05 15.00 3.74E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Brome ORgrassseedSTD 0.64 2.49E-05 16.00 3.98E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa TXalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa ILalfalfaNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa NCalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa PAalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa CAalfalfa_WirrigOP 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa MNalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 15.00 3.75E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover TXalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover ILalfalfaNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover NCalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover PAalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover CAalfalfa_WirrigOP 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Sweet clover MNalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 30.00 7.50E-04

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch TXalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03
11

Crop Group Crop Scenario

Minimum 

Seeding 

Depth (cm)

Active Rate: 

lbs a.i/lb Seeds

Seeding 

Rate: lbs 

Seeds/A

Active 

Rate: lbs 

a.i/A

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch ILalfalfaNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch NCalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch PAalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch CAalfalfa_WirrigOP 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass vetch MNalfalfaOP 2.54 2.50E-05 60.00 1.50E-03

Cotton Cotton MScottonSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 18.89 1.89E-03

Cotton Cotton NCcottonSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 18.89 1.89E-03

Cotton Cotton CAcotton_WirrigSTD 1.27 1.00E-04 18.89 1.89E-03

Sunflower Sunflower OHCornSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Sunflower Sunflower MScornSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Sunflower Sunflower NCcornESTD 2.54 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Sunflower Sunflower ILCornSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Sunflower Sunflower PAcornSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 4.00 1.00E-04

Mustard Mustard FLcabbageSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 7.00 7.00E-04

Rape (Canola) Rape (Canola) NDcanolaSTD 0.64 1.00E-04 8.23 8.23E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial CA nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial FL nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial MI nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial NJ nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial OR nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Perennial TN nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 4.00 4.00E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual CA nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual FL nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual MI nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual NJ nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual OR nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Ornamental flowers Annual TN nursery 0.64 1.00E-04 3.60 3.60E-04

Conifers Conifers ORXmasTreeSTD 2.54 1.00E-04 5.00 5.00E-04

Turf Grass Tall fescue FL turfSTD 0.64 2.50E-05 9.00 2.25E-04

Turf Grass Tall fescue FL turfSTD 0.64 2.50E-05 9.00 2.25E-04

Peanuts Peanuts NC peanutSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 228.26 5.71E-03

Soybean Edamame MSsoybeanSTD 1.91 2.50E-05 60.31 1.51E-03

Soybean Soybean MSsoybeanSTD 1.91 2.50E-05 166.67 4.17E-03

Grains (cereals) Millet NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 30.00 7.53E-04

Grains (cereals) Buckwheat NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 72.00 1.81E-03

Grains (cereals) Oats NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 90.00 2.26E-03
12

Crop Group Crop Scenario

Minimum 

Seeding 

Depth (cm)

Active Rate: 

lbs a.i/lb Seeds

Seeding 

Rate: lbs 

Seeds/A

Active 

Rate: lbs 

a.i/A

Grains (cereals) Triticali/Rye NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 109.00 2.74E-03

Grains (cereals) Baley NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 138.30 3.47E-03

Grains (cereals) Wheat NDwheatSTD 2.54 2.51E-05 156.00 3.92E-03

Corn (Field & Pop) Field & Pop OHCornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn (Field & Pop) Field & Pop MScornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn (Field & Pop) Field & Pop NCcornESTD 3.81 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn (Field & Pop) Field & Pop ILCornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn (Field & Pop) Field & Pop PAcornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 29.00 7.25E-04

Corn sweet OHCornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn sweet MScornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn sweet NCcornESTD 3.81 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn sweet ILCornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn sweet PAcornSTD 3.81 2.50E-05 22.04 5.51E-04

Corn (not specified) Corn (not specified) OHCornSTD 3.81 2.51E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Corn (not specified) Corn (not specified) MScornSTD 3.81 2.51E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Corn (not specified) Corn (not specified) NCcornESTD 3.81 2.51E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Corn (not specified) Corn (not specified) ILCornSTD 3.81 2.51E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Corn (not specified) Corn (not specified) PAcornSTD 3.81 2.51E-05 35.00 8.79E-04

Sorghum Sorghum KSsorghumSTD 1.91 1.00E-04 12.00 1.20E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Lima bean MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 104.79 2.62E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Lima bean ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 104.79 2.62E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Lima bean ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 104.79 2.62E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Lima bean WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 104.79 2.62E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Lima bean ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 104.79 2.62E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) lupine (white) MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) lupine (white) ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) lupine (white) ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) lupine (white) WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) lupine (white) ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 160.00 4.00E-03

Legumes: Beans (All) Common or dry bean MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Common or dry bean ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Common or dry bean ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Common or dry bean WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Legumes: Beans (Dry) Common or dry bean ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 163.35 4.08E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Southern pea MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 43.56 1.09E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Southern pea ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 43.56 1.09E-03
13

Crop Group Crop Scenario

Minimum 

Seeding 

Depth (cm)

Active Rate: 

lbs a.i/lb Seeds

Seeding 

Rate: lbs 

Seeds/A

Active 

Rate: lbs 

a.i/A

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Southern pea ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 43.56 1.09E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Southern pea WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 43.56 1.09E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Southern pea ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 43.56 1.09E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Pea, field MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 217.8 5.45E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Pea, field ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 217.8 5.45E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Pea, field ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 217.8 5.45E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Pea, field WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 217.8 5.45E-03

Legumes:Peas (Dry) Pea, field ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 217.8 5.45E-03

Legumes:Peas (All) Pea, garden MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 384.07 9.60E-03

Legumes:Peas (All) Pea, garden ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 384.07 9.60E-03

Legumes:Peas (All) Pea, garden ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 384.07 9.60E-03

Legumes:Peas (All) Pea, garden WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 384.07 9.60E-03

Legumes:Peas (All) Pea, garden ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 384.07 9.60E-03

Legumes: Beans (All) Beans, succulent green MIbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

Legumes: Beans (All) Beans, succulent green ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

Legumes: Beans (All) Beans, succulent green ILbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

Legumes: Beans (All) Beans, succulent green WAbeansNMC 2.54 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

Legumes: Beans (All) Beans, succulent Green ORsnbeansSTD 2.54 2.50E-05 435.60 1.09E-02

(2) Other parameters used for modeling: 

Table 6 contains a list of the chemical parameters used in modeling surface water exposure for 

ipconazole. To represent application with buried seeds, CAM used was 8 for all the scenario runs

with 0% drift and 100% efficiency.

Table 6 Ipconazole chemical parameters used in PRZM/EXAMS modeling for surface water

Parameter1 Value Data Source/Comments

Application Rate Refer to Table 5, above Maximum Label rate for Ginseng

Molecular Weight (g mole-1) 333.90

Solubility (ppm) 6.93

Koc (mL/g O.C) 2,428 Average value; MRID 4554220-25

Soil Metabolism Half-life (days) 2,483

90th percentile half-life; MRIDs: 455422-24

and 46008402. Half-lives= 1,386 and 330 d

Vapor Pressure (torr) 1.58E-08 Chemical Data

Water Column Half-life (days) 4,966 Aerobic soil half-life X 2= 2,483 x 2= 4,966

Benthic Sediment Half-life (days) Stable Anaerobic Aquatic half-life

Hydrolysis Half-life at pH 7 (days) 495 MRID 455422-21
14

Parameter1 Value Data Source/Comments

Aquatic Direct Photolysis Hal-life (days) 64 MRID 455422-22

Number of Applications 1 Seed Treatment

Application Date(s) At planting Seed Treatment

CAM (chemical Application Model) 8 Assume 1 because no run-off in this model

Depth of incorporation (cm) Refer to Table 5, above

1 As per Guidance: URL:

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm#guidance

The results for all runs are summarized in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Modeled surface water EDWCs for all current uses of ipconazole including the new use 

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

Root & Tuber

Leafy Vegetables

Brasssica

Cucurbits

Hay: Grass

Hay: Non-grass

Cotton

Sunflower

Mustard

Canola

Ornamentals 1

Ornamental 2

Conifers

Turf Grass

Peanuts

Soybean

Grains (cereals)

Corn 

Sorghum

Legumes

Peak Annual Long-Term
15

III. Ground Water Modeling

As per current EFED policy, ground water exposure was modeled using Tier I PRAZM-GW and 

SCI-GROW models. Parameters used in modeling runs were as follows:

(1) Scenarios and application rates and associated parameters:

PRZM-GW calls for using the six standard scenarios representing vulnerable ground waters, 

namely: (1) DELMARVA_STD GW, (2) FLCITRUS_STD GW, (3) FLPOTATO_STD, (4) 

GACOASTAL_STD GW, (5) NCCOASTAL_STD, and (6) WISANDS_STD GW. Table 7

contains a summary of the maximum active rate (lbs a.i/A) for all crop use patterns categorized in 

three application rate categories. 

Table 7 Maximum active rate (lbs a.i/A) and expected application dates for ipconazole use

Crop Group Crop

Highest Active Rate 

( lbs a.i/A)

Category 1: Range from 0.0109 (highest rate) to 0.0100 lb a.i/A Or 0.01121 to 0.01222 kg a.i/ha

Legumes Beans & Peas (All) 1.09E-02 0.0109

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Ginseng 1.00E-02 0.0100

Category 2: Range from 0.0057 to 0.0012 lb a.i/A Or 0.00639 to 0.001345 kg a.i/ha

Peanuts Peanuts 5.71E-03 0.0057

Soybean Edamme & Soybean 4.17E-03 0.0042

Vegetables: Leafy Parsley 4.00E-03 0.0040

Grains (cereals) Millet. Buckwheat, Oats, Triticale/Rye, Barley & Wheat 3.92E-03 0.0039

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Radish 3.26E-03 0.0033

Vegetables: Leafy Lettuce, Celery & Spinach 2.50E-03 0.0025

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Beets (sugar/garden) 1.98E-03 0.0020

Cotton Cotton 1.89E-03 0.0019

Hay(Animal feed): Non-grass Alfalfa, Sweet clover & Vetch 1.50E-03 0.0015

Sorghum Sorghum 1.20E-03 0.0012

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Carrot 1.20E-03 0.0012

Vegetables: Cucurbits Melons (all), Pumpkin, Squash & Cucumber 1.16E-03 0.0012

Category 3: Range from 0.0009 to 0.0001 lb a.i/A (lowest Rate) Or 0.001009 to 0.000112 kg a.i/ha

Corn Field & Pop, Sweet Or not specified 8.79E-04 0.0009

Rape (Canola) Rape (Canola) 8.23E-04 0.0008

Mustard Mustard 7.00E-04 0.0007

Vegetables: Brassica Cauliflower, Brussels sprout, Cabbage, Broccoli, Kale & Mustard green 6.00E-04 0.0006

Vegetables: Root & Tuber Rutabaga & Turnip 6.00E-04 0.0006

Conifers Conifers 5.00E-04 0.0005

Ornamental flowers Perennial/Annual 4.00E-04 0.0004

Hay(Animal feed): Grass Bermuda , Switch, Blue/Rye, Tall fescue & Brome 3.98E-04 0.0004

Turf Grass Tall fescue 2.25E-04 0.0002

Sunflower Sunflower 1.00E-04 0.0001
16

Table 7 suggests the following:

• Application rate is the highest for category 1 in which the rate for beans & peas is 0.01222

kg a.i/ha and for ginseng is 0.01121 kg/h; and

• The highest application rates for categories 2 and 3 are one and two order of magnitude 

less than category 1.

Due to the fact that application rate is the main driver for expected EECs it was decided to only 

model the two highest rates for ginseng and beans & peas. Ginseng was run separately using the 

WISAND-GW scenario because of the unique geographical and agronomic practices for this crop 

(refer to note on ginseng, below). However, for beans & peas all of the six available scenarios 

were used as per EFED interim policy on PRZM-GW modeling. Table 8 cations a summary of 

important application rate parameters (rate/date of application) for each of the crop/scenarios 

combinations used in modeling. Additionally Table 9 contains the chemical specific parameters 

used in modeling for PRZM-GW as well as these parameters and the application rate for SCIGROW (one rate= the highest application rate “beans & peas rate in lbs a.i/A”).

Table 8 Ipconazole application parameters used for PRZM-GW modeling

Crop Application Dates Scenario* Highest Active Rate (Kg a.i/ha)

Ginseng 1

September, 15

WISANDS_STD 0.01121

October, 15

November, 15

Beans & Peas (All) 2

June 01 All Six PRZMJune 15 GW Scenarios 0.01222

1 Ginseng: One application applied every three years (fall planting= used three dates), 2 Beans & Peas: One yearly Application at planting date (used two possible dates)

Table 9 PRZM-GW and SCI-GROW input parameters used for modeling ipconazole

Parameter (units)

Input Values

PRZM-GW SCI-GROW Data Source/Comments

Application Rate Table 8, above 0.0109 lb a.i/A Label

Hydrolysis Half-life (days) 495 N/A MRID 455422-21

Soil Metabolism Half-life (days) 2,488 858

90th percentile half-life for PRZM-GW; MRIDs: 

455422-24 and 46008402. Half-lives= 1,386 and 

330 days and Average =Median of the same two 

half-lives for SCI-GROW

CAM (chemical Application 

Model) 1495 N/A Assume 1 because no run-off in this model

Koc (mL/g O.C) 2,428 2,512

Average for PRZM-GW and Median for SCIGROW (Koc= 3214, 1191,2512,2813, and 2410; 

MRID 4554220-25)
17

Results for PRZM-GW and SCI-Grow modeling is summarized in Table 10.

Table 10 PRZM-GW and SCIGRO estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs μg/L) in 

ground water resulting from ipconazole use

PRZM-GW SCI-GROW

Crop

Application 

Dates Scenario*

Highest 

Daily

Value

Post 

Breakthrough 

Average

Average Simulation 

Breakthrough Time 

(Days/Years)

Peak and 

Average

Ginseng 1 

Sep 15 WISANDS_STD 0.1980

Incomplete Incomplete

0.00074

Oct 15 WISANDS_STD 0.1970

Nov 15 WISANDS_STD 0.1800

Beans & 

Peas (All)

Jun 01 DELMARVA_STD 1.0100 0.8220 20,617 d (57 y)

Jun 01 FLCITRUS_STD 0.8120 0.7820 20,112 d (55 y)

Jun 01 FLPOTATO_STD 0.0697 Incomplete Incomplete

Jun 01 GACOASTAL_STD 0.0841 Incomplete Incomplete

Jun 01 NCCOASTAL_STD 0.5430 0.5140 20,927/ d (57 y)

Jun 01 WISANDS_STD 0.198 Incomplete Incomplete

Beans & 

Peas (All)

Jun 15 DELMARVA_STD 1.0100 0.8220 20,617 d (57 y)

Jun 15 FLCITRUS_STD 0.8120 0.7820 20,112 d (55 y)

Jun 15 FLPOTATO_STD 0.0698 Incomplete Incomplete

Jun 15 GACOASTAL_STD 0.0843 Incomplete Incomplete

Jun 15 NCCOASTAL_STD 0.5430 0.5140 20,927/ d (57 y)

Jun 15 WISANDS_STD 0.5690 Incomplete Incomplete

Notes on Ginseng

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herb native to parts of the United 

States and Canada. The following information is relevant to modeling exposure for this use 

pattern and was obtained mainly from two workshop reports1 or as referenced below:

• More than 90% of the cultivated ginseng grown in the U.S. is grown in Wisconsin (400 

growers cultivate 2,100 acres of ginseng/2004 report reduced to 150 growers cultivate 

1,500 acres in a 2010 report). States having small acreage of mainly wood-grown ginseng 

include: WV, NC, NY, and WA and OR.

• There are two types of cultivation for ginseng, namely: Woods-grown ginseng that takes 

from 6 to 10 years to mature and Shaded “gardens” which takes 3 to 4 years to mature. 

 

1 Pest Management in the Future, A Strategic Plan for the Michigan and Wisconsin Ginseng 

Industry, Workshop Summaries December 6, 2010 and April 13, 2004 (two publications), 

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. Prepared by Dr. Mary K. Hausbeck, (E-mail: 

hausbec1@msu.edu).
18

Cultivated ginseng is grown in raised mulched beds under shaded conditions imitating 

forest shade. The latter type is mainly established by planting stratified seeds although it 

may be established by planting roots.

• Production of shaded “gardens” ginseng is concentrated in the north-central part of the 

state of Wisconsin (Marathon County) but 37 although other Wisconsin counties also have 

acreage devoted to ginseng cultivation (Figure 1). 

• Production of Woods-grown ginseng is small. For example, the total acreage in Michigan 

is nearly 135 acres and is located in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (Houghton County).

• The preferred times for sowing stratified seed are October and November. The seeds are 

sowed 0.5 to 1" deep in rows 6 or 8 inches apart and most growers report sowing 50 to l00 

pounds of seed per acre2 (This maximum is similar to BEAD’s seeding rate). It is noted 

that the general timeline for seeding ginseng was reported to be mid July to end of 

October1

• Ginseng tolerates a wide variety of soil types, although heavy clay or light sandy soils 

should be avoided. Ideal soils are loams with high organic matter content3

.

 

2 http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/newcropsnews/94-4-1/ginseng.html

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/ginseng.html

3 http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/pdf/ag-323.pdf
19

Figure 1 Main area of ginseng cultivation and its proximity to the central Wisconsin sand area