ANALYSIS OF REMAINING EPA ISSUES 

PERTAINING TO THE REPEAL OF CLARK 

COUNTY AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS 

SECTIONS 29, 52, AND 60

Clark County Department of Air Quality

Las Vegas, Nevada

August 14, 2015
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK
1 

ANALYSIS OF REMAINING EPA ISSUES PERTAINING TO THE REPEAL OF 

CLARK COUNTY AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS SECTIONS 29, 52, AND 60

AUGUST 14, 2015 

Introduction: This is the second supplemental document submitted in support of the Clark 

County Department of Air Quality (DAQ) request to delete specific obsolete rules from the Clark 

County portion of the Nevada state implementation plan (SIP). The original SIP request was 

submitted in November 2014. Subsequently, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Region 9 staff had questions concerning the repeal of the subject SIP rules in relation to the

backsliding provisions of Section 110(l) of the Clean Air Act. In response, the county submitted 

additional information on AQR Sections 30 and 60 in May 2015. Further discussions with EPA 

Region 9 staff in June 2015 brought up additional questions on the repeal of Sections 29 and 52, 

and EPA articulated a remaining concern with the cutback asphalt requirements of Section 60. 

Based on those discussions, the following issues remain. 

1. Section 29, Sulfur in Fuels: EPA questioned the accuracy of DAQ’s assertion that the repeal 

of Section 29 did not constitute backsliding because the repealed rule had been superseded by 

the more stringent sulfur limits for distillate fuels in 40 CFR 80.510. EPA pointed out that 

those limits only applied to mobile source distillate fuels. EPA also expressed concern that 

the repeal of Section 29 vacated the sulfur limit for Bunker C fuel and that an equally 

stringent requirement was not in place. 

Response: Although 40 CFR 80.510 does in fact apply only to mobile source distillate fuels, 

a number of other federal regulations for stationary sources include the same requirements. 

Specifically, a number of facilities in Clark County are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 

Part 60, Subpart IIII, “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources—Stationary 

Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines,” and 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart ZZZZ, 

“National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants—Stationary Reciprocating IC 

Engines.” Both contain a specific requirement that any distillate fuel used at facilities 

covered by either standard meet the sulfur limits of 40 CFR 80.510. To illustrate, Section IVB of the Part 70 permit for the Switch Communications facility (Attachment A) clearly 

reflects the 15 ppm sulfur limit of 40 CFR 80.510, which was included in that permit as a 

direct result of the implementation of Subpart IIII requirements—which, per Part 70 

requirements, were cited in the condition as its basis in federal law—via AQR Section 14, 

“New Source Performance Standards.” Attachment A includes the text of § 60.4207, the 

applicable section of Subpart IIII. 

Concerning the Section 29 requirement that the sulfur content of Bunker C fuel not exceed 

0.3% by weight, DAQ reviewed its permit and emission inventory records. Bunker C is not 

in use. However, EPA is correct in its assertion that there is no regulation in place that would 

prohibit its use, however unlikely that may be. DAQ would again emphasize its statement in 

its November 2014 submittal (Section 1.3, p. 1-2) that the repealed rule represents a 

RACT/BACT “floor” for future control technology requirement decisions made pursuant to 

either Section 12.1 or 12.2. 
2 

Distillate/Residual Fuel Combustion Emissions Inventory Significance: DAQ recognizes 

that the issue pertains to legally enforceable SIP limits that cannot be changed without a SIP 

revision that includes a finding consistent with the requirements of Section 110(l) of the Act. 

However, all distillate fuels used in industrial/commercial/residential settings, including 

Bunker C, are not a significant source of CO, VOCs, NOx, PM10, or SOx in Clark County.1 

The inventory numbers for PM10 are an overrepresentation of SOx emissions related to fuel 

combustion because the particulate totals did not speciate the emissions. Summing the 

emissions from Source Classification Codes (SCCs) 2102004000, 21002005000, 

2102011000, 2103004000, 2103005000, 2103011000, 2104004000, and 210400500 yields 

approximately 77 tpy of PM10 from the combustion of distillate and residual fuels in 2015. 

Divided by an inventory total of 675,852 tpy in the former nonattainment area, that 

represents 0.01% of the total. Using 2008 CO, NOx, and VOC totals for the same SCC 

categories yields 203, 945, and 9.65 tpy, respectively, compared to same-year inventory 

totals of 394,498, 80,325, and 54,391 tpy, respectively. Distillate and residual fuel 

combustion represents 0.05%, 1.17%, and 0.01%, respectively, of the total inventories of CO, 

NOx, and VOCs.

2

Finally, in reviewing the SIP requirements for SO2, distillate fuel/Bunker C limits are not 

listed specifically and, under the general RACM/RACT requirement, would only be required 

if the county was in nonattainment, Bunker C was a significant contributor to the exceedance 

of the standard, or the county used Bunker C as an attainment or maintenance control 

measure, none of which are currently the case. 

2. Section 52, Gasoline Dispensing Facilities (GDFs): EPA’s stated concern regarding the 

repeal of this AQR centers on whether the difference in permitting thresholds for Stage 1 

vapor recovery systems between the repealed AQR and current rules constitutes backsliding. 

Under the requirements of Section 52, Stage 1 vapor recovery control was required at 96,000 

gallons per year. Under the SIP-approved minor source New Source Review (NSR) rule

(Section 12.1), DAQ currently uses a VOC permitting threshold of 5 tpy, which equates to 

approximately 385,000 gallons per year throughput. However, Stage 1 is now required at the 

40 CFR Part 63 Subpart CCCCCC level of 100,000 gallons per month or 1.2 million gallons 

per year (gpy). 

 

1

 Refer to the 2008 data in Table 5-11 (pp. 5-21 to 5-22) of the Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance 

Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document (Attachment B), along with the 2008 data from Table 3-1 (p. 3-2) 

of the 2008 Ozone Early Progress Report (Attachment B) and Table 4-13 (p. 4-22) of the PM10 Maintenance Plan, 

Appendix A: Technical Support Document (Attachment C).

2 Since the issue is focused on the sulfur limits of repealed Section 60, CO and NOx data are included for general 

comparison only. The Ozone Redesignation Request emission inventory used the comprehensive inventories 

developed for the 2008 Ozone Early Progress Report as the basis for demonstrating attainment/maintenance; 

however, the redesignation request TSD only listed emissions by source category and did not include a total 

inventory of each pollutant for the nonattainment area. Therefore, the SCC category emissions from distillate and 

residual fuel sources by SCC Category listed in Table 5-11 (p. 5-21) of the Ozone Redesignation Request TSD were 

summed and compared to the total inventory of CO/NOx/VOC documented in the 2008 Ozone Early Progress 

Report. The PM10 Maintenance Plan allowed direct comparison of PM10 emissions by SCC category to the total 

PM10 inventory for 2015, which is why DAQ elected to use it for this analysis. 
3 

Response: Since DAQ implemented Section 12.1, 88 GDFs have terminated their permits to 

operate because their potential to emit was less than the 5 tpy VOC threshold—or, less 

frequently, because the facilities had not been constructed or had ceased operation. Of those 

GDFs, 37 had annual throughputs below the Section 52 level of 96,000 gpy and were never

subject to Section 52 requirements. The remaining 39 GDFs (the balance of 12 were either 

never built or terminated operation) had a total throughput of 12,677,472 gpy, calculated as 

follows: 

 13,838,119 gpy from GDFs w/terminated permits 

– 1,160,647 gpy from GDFs w/throughputs < Section 52 limits 

= 12,677,472 gpy 

Attachment D lists GDFs whose operating permits have been terminated since the repeal of 

Section 52 and provides worksheets that calculate VOCs for GDFs with annual throughputs 

above and below the Section 52 limit. To calculate the emissions increase associated with 

using a higher throughput threshold for requiring Stage 1, the 1,160,647 gpy/7.54 tpy 

throughput/VOC data on the first worksheet (from GDFs exempt from Section 52 but 

permitted under the old minor source NSR rule) was subtracted from the total gpy/tpy 

throughput/VOC figures on the second worksheet. The net difference is the gpy/tpy 

throughput/VOC from GDFs that would have had to install Stage 1 systems under Section 

52, but do not trigger the requirement under the current Section 12.1. 

Using uncontrolled emission factors from AP-42, the emissions from GDFs not subject to 

Stage 1 requirements because of the repeal of Section 52 is approximately 82.4 tpy of VOCs. 

Based on a 2008 VOC inventory of 54,391 tpy, the increase is approximately 0.15% of the 

total inventory. DAQ’s position is that such an increase is not significant, will not interfere 

with attainment or maintenance of the ozone standard, and does not constitute backsliding 

under the Act. 

3. Section 60.4, Cutback Asphalts (CBs): EPA’s stated concern with this subsection of the 

repealed rule is that there is not an equally or more stringent rule in place that prohibits the 

use of CB products during the warm months of the year. 

Response: Attachment E includes the regional specifications from the Southern Nevada 

Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) for asphalt products. The products referred to

by their trade names are emulsified asphalt products and, as such, do not contain kerosene or

naphtha release agents. All cities in Clark County use the RTC’s specifications and require 

compliance with the same specifications from the private sector entities working within their 

jurisdictions. The attachment also contains e-mail correspondence with various suppliers and 

state/city representatives that corroborate the fact they do not use CB products to any 

significant extent for any kind of long-term paving. 

DAQ contacted the two largest paving companies in Clark County. Both reported the sale of 

the equivalent of medium-cure asphalt products for temporary patching purposes. This is a 

permissible use under the provisions of Section 60 when ambient temperatures are forecast to 

be below 10°C (50°F). It is not used for permanent applications for a number of reasons, 
4 

including the specifications issue and the better cost and durability performance of emulsified 

products. 

DAQ’s purpose in providing this information is not to suggest that the RTC’s specifications 

are the equivalent of a federally enforceable emission limit contained in a SIP-approved rule. 

However, the information suggests that (1) CB use in Clark County is limited to temporary 

patching operations; (2) VOC emissions from the use of CB products likely are significantly 

less than the amount reported previously in SIP inventories; and (3) overall, CB-related 

emissions have been and continue to be an insignificant VOC source in Clark County. 

Appendix A (TSD) of the Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance Plan listed 

2008 VOC emissions from CB products at 177.9 tpy. Using the 2008 VOC total of 54,391 

tpy, CB represents 0.32% of the total. The actual number is likely to be less than the stated 

percentage of 1/3 of 1 percent. In any case, DAQ’s position is that the VOC inventory in the 

Ozone Redesignation and Maintenance Plan is not significantly affected by the repeal of 

Section 60; that the significant control measures that were key to attainment and maintenance 

remain in place; that there is no interference with attainment or reasonable further progress; 

and, therefore, that there is no backsliding under the provisions of the Act. 

References:

DAQ 2012. PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document. Las Vegas, 

Nevada: Clark County Department of Air Quality. 

http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Depts/AirQuality/Documents/Planning/SIP/PM10/App%20A.pdf

DAQEM 2008. Ozone Early Progress Report, Appendix A: Consolidated Emissions Inventory 

Report. Las Vegas, Nevada: Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental 

Management. 

http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Depts/AirQuality/Documents/Planning/SIP/ozone/App_A–

Consolidated_Emissions_Inventory.pdf

DAQEM 2011. Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical 

Support Document. Las Vegas, Nevada: Clark County Department of Air Quality and 

Environmental Management. 

http://www.clarkcountynv.gov/Depts/AirQuality/Documents/Planning/SIP/ozone/Appendix_A_

Technical_Support_Document.pdf

EPA 2006. “Transportation and Marketing of Petroleum Liquids.” Chapter 5.2 of Vol. I, 

“Stationary Point and Area Sources,” of AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. 

5th ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch05/final/c05s02.pdf
ATTACHMENT A:

• SWITCH GENERATOR PART 70 PERMIT

• 40 CFR PART 60, SUBPART IIII, 

SUBSECTION 60.4207
CLARK COUNTY 

DEPARTMENT OF AIR QUALITY 

4701 West Russell Road, Suite 200, Las Vegas, Nevada 89118 

Authority to Construct Permit for a Part 70 Source 

Source: 16304

Issued in accordance with the

Clark County Air Quality Regulations (AQR) 

______________________________________________________________________

ISSUED TO: Switch Communications Group, LLC 

7135 S. Decatur Blvd. 

Las Vegas, Nevada 89118

SOURCE: Switch Communications Group, LLC 

7135 S. Decatur Blvd. 

Las Vegas, Nevada 89118

RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL:

Name: Gabriel Herrera

Title: EVP of Critical Systems 

Phone: (702) 267-6619

E-Mail Address: gherrera@supernap.com

Permit Issuance: February 25, 2015

ISSUED BY: CLARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF AIR QUALITY 

________________________________ 

Richard Beckstead 

Permitting Manager, Clark County Department of Air Quality 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. ACRONYMS 3

II. GENERAL CONDITIONS 4

III. SOURCE-WIDE PTE SUMMARY 7

IV. EMISSION UNITS AND APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS 7

A. EMISSION UNITS AND LIMITS 7

B. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 15

V. PROVISIONAL OPERATING CONDITIONS 15

A. MONITORING 16

B. TESTING 16

C. RECORD KEEPING 16

D. REPORTING 17

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I. ACRONYMS

Table I-1: List of Acronyms

Acronym Term

AQR Clark County Air Quality Regulations 

BHP Brake Horse Power 

CE Control Efficiency

CF Control Factor

CFR United States Code of Federal Regulations 

CO Carbon Monoxide

DAQ Clark County Department of Air Quality 

DOM Date of Manufacture 

EF Emission Factor

EU Emission Unit

GHG Greenhouse Gas 

HP Horse Power

kW kiloWatt

NOX Nitrogen Oxides

OP Operating Permit

Pb Lead

PM2.5 Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns 

PM10 Particulate Matter less than 10 microns 

ppm Parts per Million 

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration 

PTE Potential to Emit 

SCC Source Classification Codes 

SOX Sulfur Oxides

TCS Toxic Chemical Substance 

TSD Technical Support Document 

VOC Volatile Organic Compound 

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II. GENERAL CONDITIONS 

A. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS 

1. No person shall begin actual construction of a New Part 70 source, or modify or 

reconstruct an existing Part 70 source that falls within the preconstruction review 

applicability criteria, without first obtaining an Authority to Construct Permit from 

the Control Officer. [AQR 12.4.1.1(a)]

2. The Permittee shall post the permit in a location which is clearly visible and 

accessible to the facility’s employees and representatives of the department. [AQR

12.4.3.1(e)(16) and 12.13]

3. The Permittee shall commence the construction, modification, or reconstruction of 

this source within eighteen (18) months after the date of issuance of this Authority to 

Construct Permit and construction shall not discontinued for a period greater than 

twelve (12) months. [AQR 12.4.1.1(b)]

4. The Permittee shall submit an application for a Part 70 Operating Permit within 

twelve (12) months after commencing operation. If the source submits a timely 

application under this condition, it may continue operating under its Authority to 

Construct Permit until final action is taken on its application for a new Part 70 

Operating Permit. [AQR 12.4.1.1(b) and 12.5.2.1(a)(1)]

5. This ATC does not convey any property rights or any exclusive privilege. [AQR 

12.4.3.1(e)(6)]

6. The Permittee shall pay all fees assessed pursuant to AQR Section 18. [AQR

12.4.3.1(e)(17)]

B. MODIFICATION, REVISION, RENEWAL REQUIREMENTS 

1. The Permittee shall file an application for any change in the Responsible Official of 

the source and may implement the change immediately upon submittal of the 

request. [AQR 12.4.3.4(a)(1)(B) and 12.4.3.4(a)(2)(C)]

2. The Permittee shall file an application for a transfer of ownership at least 30 days 

prior to the date of a change in ownership or operational control of the source and 

such application shall constitute a temporary ATC under the conditions of the 

existing permit. [AQR 12.12.2(c) and (d)]

3. The Control Officer may revise, revoke and re-issue, re-open and revise, or 

terminate the permit for cause. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(5)]

4. The Control Officer reserves the right, upon reasonable cause, to modify existing 

conditions and impose additional new compliance, monitoring and control 

requirements. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)and(C)]

C. REPORTING/NOTIFICATIONS/PROVIDING INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 

1. The Permittee shall report start of construction, construction interruptions 

exceeding nine (9) months, and completion of construction to the Control Officer in 

writing not later than fifteen (15) working days after occurrence of the event. [AQR

12.4.3.1(e)(12)]

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2. The Permittee shall provide written notification of the actual date of commencing

operation, received by the Control Officer, within fifteen (15) calendar days after

such date. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(13)]

3. The Permittee shall provide separate written notification for commencing operation

for each unit of phased construction, which may involve a series of units

commencing operation at different times. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(14)]

4. The Permittee shall retain records of all required monitoring and performance

demonstration data and supporting information for five (5) years after the date of

the sample collection, measurement, report, or analysis. Supporting information

includes all records regarding calibration and maintenance of the monitoring

equipment, all original strip-chart recordings for continuous monitoring

instrumentation, and if applicable, all other records required to be maintained

pursuant to 40 CFR 64.9(b). [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(1)]

5. Upon 24-hours’ notice, and subject to Switch’s safety and security protocols, and

subject to Switch’s confidentiality protocols to the extent not prohibited by law, the

Permittee shall allow the Control Officer or any authorized representative of the

Control Officer upon presentation of credentials to enter the Permittee’s premises

where the source is located or emissions related activity is conducted to: [AQR

12.4.3.1(e)(8)]

a. Have access to and copy during normal business hours any records that are

kept pursuant to the conditions of the permit;

b. Inspect any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and air pollution control

equipment), practices or operations regulated or required under this permit;

c. Sample or monitor substances or parameters to determine compliance with

the conditions of the permit or applicable requirements; and

d. Document alleged violations using devices such as cameras or video

equipment.

6. The Permittee shall provide the Control Officer, within a reasonable time, with any

information that the Control Officer requests in writing to determine whether cause

exists for revising, revoking and re-issuance or terminating the permit, or to

determine compliance with the conditions of the permit. Upon request the

Permittee shall also furnish to the Control Officer copies of any records required to

be kept by the permit, or for information claimed to be confidential, the Permittee

may furnish such records directly to the Administrator along with a claim of

confidentiality. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(7)]

D. COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

1. The Permittee shall comply with all conditions contained in this ATC. Any

noncompliance constitutes a violation and is grounds for an action for noncompliance, revocation and re-issuance or the termination of the permit by the

Control Officer, or the re-opening or revising of the permit by the Permittee as

directed by the Control Officer. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(3)]

2. Each of the conditions and requirements of this permit are severable and if any are

held invalid, the remaining conditions and requirements continue in effect. [AQR

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12.4.3.1(e)(2)]

3. The need to halt or reduce activity to maintain compliance with the conditions of

the permit is not a defense to noncompliance with any condition of the permit.

[AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(4)]

4. The Permittee shall report to the Control Officer (4701 West Russell Road, Suite

200, Las Vegas, NV 89118) upon the commencement of operation any upset,

breakdown, malfunction, emergency or deviation which cause emissions of

regulated air pollutants in excess of any limits set by regulation or by this permit.

The report shall be in two parts as specified below: [AQR 12.5.2.6(d)(4)(B) and

AQR 25.6.1]

a. Within twenty-four (24) hours of the time the Permittee learns of the excess

emissions, the report shall be communicated by phone (702) 455-5942, fax

(702) 383-9994, or email: airquality@clarkcountynv.gov

b. Within seventy-two (72) hours of the notification required by paragraph (a)

above, the detailed written report containing the information required by AQR

Section 25.6.3 shall be submitted.

5. The Permittee shall report to the Control Officer with the semi-annual monitoring

report all deviations from permit conditions that do not result in excess emissions,

including those attributable to malfunction, startup, or shutdown. Reports shall

identify the probable cause of each deviation and any corrective actions or

preventative measures taken. [AQR 12.5.2.6(d)(4)(B)(iii)]

6. A responsible official of the source shall certify that, based on information and

belief formed after a reasonable inquiry, the statements made in any document

required to be submitted by any condition of the permit are true, accurate, and

complete. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(9)]

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III. SOURCE-WIDE PTE SUMMARY

A. The source is a major Part 70 source of NOX emissions and a minor source of

PM10, PM2.5, CO, SOX and VOC.

Table III-A-1: Source Allowable Emissions (tons per year) 

Pollutant PM10 PM2.5 NOX CO SOX VOC H2S Pb GHG

Total 4.67 2.42 249.26 32.67 1.21 3.63 0 0 24,262

IV. EMISSION UNITS AND APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS

A. EMISSION UNITS AND LIMITS

1. Emission Units

a. The stationary source consists of the emission units listed in Tables IV-A-1, IV-A-2,

IV-A-3, IV-A-4, IV-A-5, and IV-A-6. [AQR 12.1.4.1(b)]

Table IV-A-1: NAP 7 - Summary of Emission Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

A02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250 DSEC 2185979 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2007

A03 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250 DSEC 2183867 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2007

A04 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250 DSEC 2185985 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2007

A05 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250 DSEC 2183861 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2007

A06 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250 DSEC 2183870 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2007

A07 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250LXC6DT2 176196-1-2-0608 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2009

A08 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250LXC6DT2 175966-1-2-0608 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2009

A09 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Detroit Diesel 2250LXC6DT2 175966-1-3-0608 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2009

A10 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 330055-1-2-0311 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A11 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 330055-1-3-0311 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A12 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 330055-1-1-0311 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A13 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 333726-1-1-0811 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

A14 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 333726-2-2-0811 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A15 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 333726-2-1-0811 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A16 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 334657-1-1-0811 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2012

A17 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 341530-1-1-0112 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2012

A18 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 341565-1-3-0212 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2012

A19 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 341565-1-2-0212 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2012

A20 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 341565-1-1-0212 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2012

A21 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 346646-1-1-0512 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A22 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348117-1-3-0812 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A23 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348117-1-1-1112 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

A24 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 356251-1-4-0213 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

A25 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 346646-1-2-0512 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A26 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348117-1-2-0812 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2011

A27 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 36251-1-1-0213 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

A28 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 356251-1-2-0213 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

A29 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 356251-1-3-0215 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

A30 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

A31 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

A32 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 369338-1-3-0114 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

A33 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 369338-1-1-0114 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

A34 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 369338-1-2-0114 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

A35 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

A36 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

Table IV-A-2: NAP8 - Summary of Emission Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

C01 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348116-1-1-0712 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

C02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348116-1-2-0712 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

C03 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 348116-1-3-0712 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2013

C04 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 360838-1-3-0713 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C05 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 360838-1-1-0713 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C06 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 360838-1-2-0713 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C07 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C08 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C09 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C10 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C11 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C12 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C13 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C14 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C15 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C16 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C17 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C18 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2014

C19 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

C20 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

C21 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

C22 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

C23 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

C24 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric 2250LXC6DT2 TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

Table IV-A-3: NAP 9A - Summary of Emissions Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

G01 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G03 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G04 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G05 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G06 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G07 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G08 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G09 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G10 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G11 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G12 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G13 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G14 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G15 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G16 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G17 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G18 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G19 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G20 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G21 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G22 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G23 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

G24 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

H01 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H02 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H03 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H04 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H05 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H06 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H07 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H08 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H09 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H10 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H11 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H12 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H13 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H14 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H15 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

H16 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

Table IV-A-4: NAP 9B - Summary of Emissions Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

E01 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E03 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E04 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

E05 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E06 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E07 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E08 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E09 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E10 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E11 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E12 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E13 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E14 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E15 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E16 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E17 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

E18 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

F01 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F02 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F03 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F04 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F05 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F06 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F07 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F08 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F09 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F10 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F11 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

F12 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

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Table IV-A-5: NAP 10 - Summary of Emissions Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

J01 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J03 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J04 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J05 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J06 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J07 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J08 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J09 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J10 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J11 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J12 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J13 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J14 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J15 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J16 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J17 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

J18 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

K01 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K02 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K03 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K04 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K05 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K06 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

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EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

K07 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K08 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K09 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K10 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K11 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

K12 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

Table IV-A-6: Switch University - Summary of Emissions Units 

EU Rating Description Make Model Serial

L01 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD

3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

L02 2,250 kW Generator, Emergency Marathon Electric TBD TBD 3,353 hp Diesel Engine, DOM: 2015

M01 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

M02 1,250 gpm Cooling Tower Evapco ESWA 216-460 TBD 

2. Emissions Limitations

a. The Permittee shall not discharge into the atmosphere, from any emission unit,

any air contaminant in excess of an average of 20 percent opacity for a period of

more than 6 consecutive minutes. [AQR 26.1.1]

b. The diesel engines powering the emergency generators (EUs: A02 through A09,

inclusive) shall comply with the emission standards set forth in Table 1 of 40 CFR 60,

Subpart IIII for the same model year and maximum engine power. The emission

standards are provided in Table IV-A-7:

Table IV-A-7: Emission standards for stationary 2007-2010 model year engines > 

2,237 kW (3,000 hp) and with a displacement of < 10 liters per cylinder 

Maximum Engine Power HC NOX CO PM 

 Engine Power >560 kW 1.3 (g/kW-hr) 9.2 (g/kW-hr) 11.4 (g/kW-hr) 0.54 (g/kW-hr) 

c. The diesel engines powering the emergency generators (EUs: A10 through A36,

C01 through C24, E01 through E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and

L02) shall comply with the emission standards set forth in 40 CFR §89.112 and 40

CFR §89.113 for new non-road CI engines for the same model year and maximum

engine power. The emission standards are provided in Table IV-A-8:

Table IV-A-8: Emission standards for model year 2011 and later with engine power > 

2,237 kW (3,000 hp) 

Maximum Engine Power NMHC + NOX CO PM 

 Engine Power > 560 kW 6.4 (g/kW-hr) 3.5 (g/kW-hr) 0.2 (g/kW-hr) 

3. Operational Limitations

a. The Permittee shall limit the operation of each emergency generator for testing,

maintenance, and operation during emergencies to 104 hours per calendar year.

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Eugen Avram 702-455-4728 

b. The Permittee shall not use the emergency generators for peak shavings or demand 

response. (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 through C24, E01 through E18, G01 

through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02). [AQR 12.1.4.1(c)&(f)]

B. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 

Generators/Engines [AQR 12.1.4.1(c)&(f)]

1. The Permittee shall operate each diesel emergency generator with turbochargers 

and separate circuit air coolers (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 through C24, E01 

through E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02). 

2. The Permittee shall operate and maintain each diesel emergency generator in 

accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 

through C24, E01 through E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02).

3. The Permittee shall only combust diesel fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 15 

ppm and either a minimum cetane index of 40 or a maximum aromatic content of 35 

percent by volume in each diesel emergency generator (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 

through C24, E01 through E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02).

[40 CFR §60.4207(b)] 

Cooling Towers [AQR 12.1.4.1(c)&(f)]

4. The Permittee shall operate each cooling tower with drift eliminators that have a 

manufacturer’s maximum drift rate of 0.001 percent (EUs: F01 through F12, H01 

through H16, K01 through K12, M01 and M02). 

5. The Permittee shall maintain the TDS content of the circulation water in each cooling 

tower at or below2,100 ppm (EUs: F01 through F12, H01 through H16, K01 through 

K12, M01 and M02). 

6. The Permittee shall operate and maintain each cooling tower in accordance with the 

manufacturer’s specifications (EUs: F01 through F12, K01 through K12, M01 and 

M02). 

7. No chromium containing compounds shall be used for water treatment in any cooling 

towers.

Other [AQR 12.1.4.1(c)&(f)]

8. The Permittee shall not cause, suffer or allow the discharge from any source 

whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause a 

nuisance, including excessive odors. [AQR Sections 40 and 43]

V. PROVISIONAL OPERATING CONDITIONS 

The provisional operating conditions in this ATC are enforceable conditions until the 

Permittee has submitted a complete Title V operating permit application.

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Eugen Avram 702-455-4728 

A. MONITORING 

Visible Emissions [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

1. The Permittee shall conduct a monthly visual emissions check for visible emissions 

from emissions units while they are in operation. [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

2. If the Permittee, during the visible emissions check, does not see any plume that, 

on an instantaneous basis, appears to exceed the opacity standard, then the 

observer shall keep a record of the name of the observer, the date on which the 

observation was made, the location, and the results of the observation. [AQR

12.1.4.1(d)]

3. If the Permittee sees a plume that, on an instantaneous basis, appears to exceed 

the opacity standard, the Permittee shall: [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

a. Take immediate action to correct causes of fugitive/stack emissions that 

appear to exceed allowable opacity limits; or 

b. If practical, have a certified VE observer take an EPA Method 9 observation 

of the plume and record the results, and take immediate action to correct 

causes of fugitive emissions in excess of allowable opacity limits in 

accordance with 40 CFR 60 Appendix A: Reference Method 9.

4. Visible emissions checks do not require a certified VE observer, except where 

visible emissions appear to exceed the allowable opacity limit and exceed 30 

seconds in duration, and an EPA Method 9 observation is made to establish it 

does not exceed the standard. [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

Generators/Engines [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

5. The Permittee shall operate each emergency generator with a non-resettable hour 

meter and monitor the duration of operation for testing and maintenance, and 

separately for emergencies (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 through C24, E01 through 

E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02). [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

6. The Permittee shall monitor the average NOx emissions from the emergency 

generators by testing at least ten (10) percent of the installed generator units, per 

year, using a portable analyzer approved in advance by the Control Officer. 

Cooling Towers [AQR 12.1.4.1(d)]

7. The Permittee shall monitor the TDS of the cooling tower recirculation water 

monthly using a hand-held conductivity meter, or other device approved in 

advance by the Control Officer (EUs: F01 through F12, H01 through H16, K01 

through K12, M01 and M02). [AQR 12.1.4.1(d), 40 CFR §60.4209(a)]

B. TESTING 

1. No performance testing requirements have been identified.

C. RECORD KEEPING 

1. The Permittee shall maintain the following records onsite: [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)]

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Eugen Avram 702-455-4728 

a. dates and time when monthly visible emissions checks are taken and the 

steps taken to make any necessary corrections to bring opacity into 

compliance; 

b. monthly monitoring results of total dissolved solid content of cooling tower 

circulation water for each cooling tower; 

c. date and duration of operation of each emergency generators for testing, 

maintenance, and emergency use (EUs: A02 through A36, C01 through C24, 

E01 through E18, G01 through G24, J01 through J18, L01 and L02);

d. results of the portable analyzer tests on each emergency generator; 

e. sulfur content and cetane index or aromatic content of diesel fuel used in the 

diesel engines for each diesel fuel shipment; and 

f. equipment inspections and maintenance. 

2. The Permittee shall maintain the following records onsite for reporting: [AQR 

12.5.2.6] 

a. monthly and annual total operating hour for each diesel generator; 

b. annual average of the portable analyzer test results on the emergency 

generators; 

c. deviations from permit requirements that result in excess emissions; (reported 

as required in Section II-D-5 of this permit) 

d. deviations from permit requirements that do not result in excess emissions; and 

e. calculation of annual emissions for each emission unit, and for the entire source. 

D. REPORTING 

1. All report submissions shall be addressed to the attention of the Control Officer. 

[AQR 14.1(b)]

2. All reports shall contain the following: [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)]

a. A certification statement on the first page, i.e., “I certify that, based on 

information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry, the statements contained 

in this document are true, accurate and complete.” (A sample form is available 

from Air Quality); and 

b. A certification signature from a responsible official of the company and the date 

of certification. 

3. The Permittee shall submit annual emissions inventory reports based on the 

following: [AQR 18.6.1]

a. The annual emissions inventory must be submitted to Air Quality by March 31 of 

each calendar year; and 

b. The report shall include the emission factors and calculations used to determine 

the emissions from each permitted emission unit, even when an emission unit is 

not operated. 

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Eugen Avram 702-455-4728

4. The Permittee shall submit compliance certifications annually in writing to the Control

Officer (4701 W Russell Road, Ste 200, Las Vegas, NV 89118) and the Administrator

at USEPA Region IX (Director, Air and Toxics Divisions, 75 Hawthorne St., San

Francisco, CA 94105). A compliance certification for each year will be due on

January 30th of the following year and shall include the following: [AQR 12.5.2.8(e)]

5. The Permittee shall submit semi-annual monitoring reports to Air Quality. [AQR

12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)]

6. The following requirements apply to semi-annual reports: [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)]

a. The report shall include a semi-annual summary of each item listed in Section

V-C-2(a through e).

b. The report shall be based on a calendar semi-annual basis, which includes

partial reporting periods.

c. The report shall be received by Air Quality within 30 calendar days after the

semi-annual period. Regardless of the date of issuance of this ATC, the source

shall comply with the schedule for report submissions outlined in Table V-D-1:

Table V-D-1: Required Submission Dates for Various Reports 

Required Report Applicable Period Due Date1

Semi-annual Report for 1st Six-Month Period January, February, March, 

April, May, June July 30 each year 

Semi-annual Report for 2d Six-Month Period, Any 

additional annual records required. 

July, August, September, 

October, November, December January 30 each year 

Annual Compliance Certification Report Calendar Year January 30 each year 

Annual Emission Inventory Report Calendar Year March 31 each year 

Notification of Malfunctions, Startup, Shutdowns or 

Deviations with Excess Emission As Required 

Within 24 hours of the 

Permittee learns of the 

event

Report of Malfunctions, Startup, Shutdowns or 

Deviations with Excess Emission As Required Within 72 hours of the notification 

Deviation Report without Excess Emissions As Required Along with semi-annual 

reports 

Performance Testing As Required Within 60 days from the 

end of the test. 1

 If the due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday or a Federal or Nevada holiday, then the submittal is due on the next 

regularly scheduled business day. 

7. Replacement of failed engines associated with the emergency generators with

identical engines (same manufacturer and model) requires notification prior to

installation, but will not require a permit revision unless there is an emission rate

increase from the replacement engines. [AQR 12.4.3.1(e)(10)(B)]

8. The Control Officer reserves the right to require additional reports and reporting to

verify compliance with permit emission limits, applicable permit requirements, and

requirements of applicable federal regulations. [AQR 4.4]

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ATTACHMENT B: 

• VOC EMISSIONS INVENTORY DATA 

BY SCC

• TOTAL CLARK COUNTY EMISSIONS 

INVENTORY, CO/NOx/VOCs
Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance Plan: Technical Support Document

5-21

Table 5-9. Average Daily Temperatures in Las Vegas (°F)1

2008 Day

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Jan 40 46 47 53 53 53 48 43 47 48 50 48 52 51 49 38 37 43 43 44 49 48 46 47 47 48 49 48 41 42 39

Feb 44 45 49 44 43 43 47 53 55 56 57 59 60 46 51 50 53 51 55 55 52 55 52 56 55 57 58 62 63 n/a n/a

Mar 64 54 51 56 54 51 55 63 62 60 64 65 70 63 56 50 57 60 66 68 65 65 62 64 69 70 68 67 67 61 58

Apr 63 66 67 66 68 68 66 61 61 63 64 66 71 77 71 62 61 70 71 66 64 69 71 67 67 71 72 75 81 70 n/a 

May 61 64 71 76 74 76 77 75 78 77 79 74 71 75 82 81 84 89 94 92 72 67 60 59 64 66 72 73 74 77 80

Jun 85 84 85 78 75 82 84 82 83 90 80 80 85 89 94 95 97 93 92 93 95 97 94 94 92 91 90 94 98 99 n/a

Jul 98 96 97 98 97 96 96 98 97 97 88 87 87 89 91 91 92 95 97 87 89 94 95 94 98 88 96 95 96 96 95

Aug 97 99 99 93 90 91 89 94 92 94 93 94 94 97 96 98 94 94 91 90 92 92 92 94 94 86 92 95 94 90 88

Sep 84 82 85 88 89 90 91 90 85 84 83 82 83 85 86 85 84 84 85 84 82 81 80 82 86 87 88 88 85 84 n/a 

Oct 84 83 80 70 68 73 76 78 80 66 55 54 59 64 68 70 72 74 75 74 74 66 64 68 69 72 76 75 74 74 75

Nov 72 66 65 64 56 54 60 62 58 56 57 62 65 67 63 64 68 66 63 61 60 57 57 59 62 56 56 57 60 60 n/a

Dec 59 57 55 51 52 51 51 49 50 49 54 52 52 42 41 43 36 39 39 39 42 49 45 40 47 40 36 39 44 47 48 1 Weather Underground, History Data, Custom Summary <http://www.wunderground.com> (accessed Dec. 22, 2008).

Table 5-10. Fuel Combustion Emissions Summary (tpy)

Year Summer Inventory 

Complete

Annual Inventory 

Complete

Annual CO 

Emissions 

Annual NOx

Emissions 

Summer VOC 

Emissions 

Annual VOC 

Emission 

2008 Yes Yes 2147.37 4052.24 22.83 143.56

Table 5-11. 2008 Fuel Combustion Emissions Summary by SCC (tpy) 

SCC1 SCC Level: 1 SCC Level: 2 SCC Level: 3 SCC Level: 4 CO NOx VOC

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types 306.31 251.94 2.55

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines 170.31 817.48 6.81

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance Plan: Technical Support Document

5-22

SCC1 SCC Level: 1 SCC Level: 2 SCC Level: 3 SCC Level: 4 CO NOx VOC

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines 274.97 876.23 18.00

2102007000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Total: All Boiler Types 21.44 37.17 0.86

2102011000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Industrial Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types 0.03 0.13 1.07E03

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines 23.77 95.09 1.62

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines 898.70 946.84 58.84

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional LPG Total: All Boiler Types 32.51 56.36 1.30

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types 0.31 1.24 0.02

2104002000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104004000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential Distillate Oil Total: Boilers and IC Engines 8.46 30.45 1.21

2104005000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential Residual Oil Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104006000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential Natural Gas Total: Boilers and IC Engines 368.64 866.31 50.69

2104007000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential LPG Total: All Boiler Types 41.37 71.71 1.65

2104011000 Stationary Source Fuel 

Combustion Residential Kerosene Total: All Boiler Types 0.55 1.30 0.08

Totals: 2,147.37 4,052.24 143.64 1

SCC database located in EIS Code Tables (MDB 6M), TTN Clearinghouse for Inventories/Emissions Factors <http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html>.

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May 2007 

G:\Las Vegas Point&Area\Reporting\Consolidated EI report\Final\Sec3_emis inv.doc 3-2

Table 3-1. Summer and average annual day emissions, 2002-2018. 

Summer Average Day (TPD) Annual (TPY) 

2002 VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx

Point Sources 5.2 15.5 114.4 1,840 5,303 37,549

Area Source Emissions 40.5 1.4 2.6 16,267 4,708 1,904

Biogenicsa 132.0 25.9 5.0 - - -

Mobile Sourcesb 67.9 723.5 44.7 15,584 167,162 14,570

On-Road Mobile Sources 70.1 552.1 103.1 20,496 192,114 37,354

Airports 2.1 43.0 9.3 785 15,696 3,413

Totals 317.9 1,361.4 279.2 54,971 384,983 94,790

Summer Average Day (TPD) Annual (TPY) 

2003 VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx

Point Sources 4.7 15.2 101.9 1,674 5,147 33,555

Area Source Emissions 42.1 1.4 2.6 16,789 4,541 1,870

Biogenicsa 132.0 25.9 5.0 - - -

Mobile Sourcesb 67.0 741.7 44.1 15,301 171,187 14,355

On-Road Mobile Sources 69.4 532.6 100.4 20,289 185,323 36,355

Airports 2.0 44.6 8.3 722 16,290 3,013

Totals 317.3 1,361.4 262.2 54,774 382,489 89,148

Summer Average Day (TPD) Annual (TPY) 

2008 VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx

Point Sources 5.8 20.3 95.7 2,028 6,884 31,378

Area Source Emissions 51.4 1.6 2.7 20,378 5,043 2,129

Biogenicsa 132.0 25.9 5.0 - - -

Mobile Sourcesb 55.5 805.9 38.7 12,003 185,166 12,547

On-Road Mobile Sources 64.2 427.3 76.1 19,103 178,342 28,965

Airports 2.4 52.2 14.5 879 19,063 5,306

Totals 311.3 1,333.3 232.8 54,391 394,498 80,325

Summer Average Day (TPD) Annual (TPY) 

2013 VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx

Point Sources 7.5 29.5 115.0 2,678 10,227 38,477

Area Source Emissions 60.3 1.8 2.9 23,665 5,207 2,355

Biogenicsa 132.0 25.9 5.0 - - -

Mobile Sourcesb 51.8 865.0 31.9 11,033 198,155 10,310

On-Road Mobile Sources 50.3 372.8 47.3 15,193 166,238 17,982

Airports 2.4 56.9 15.7 884 20,776 5,732

Totals 304.4 1,352.0 217.9 53,453 400,603 74,856

Summer Average Day (TPD) Annual (TPY) 

2018 VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx

Point Sources 8.2 31.0 114.2 2,901 10,781 38,329

Area Source Emissions 67.9 2.0 3.2 26,452 5,373 2,589

Biogenicsa 132.0 25.9 5.0 - - -

Mobile Sourcesb 51.4 925.5 23.7 10,880 211,485 7,619

On-Road Mobile Sources 42.3 349.9 30.2 12,799 162,695 11,293

Airports 3.5 85.7 24.3 1,286 31,295 8,878

Totals 305.3 1,420.0 200.8 54,318 421,629 68,707 a. Biogenic emissions were estimated for summer average days only. b. Nonroad mobile includes locomotive emissions.

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ATTACHMENT C:

PM10 EMISSIONS INVENTORY DATA 

BY SCC
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-1

4.0 NONPOINT SOURCE EMISSIONS OVERVIEW

4.1 Nonpoint Source Sectors

Nonpoint sources collectively represent individual point or specific mobile sources that have not 

been otherwise inventoried. Nonpoint sources are typically either too numerous, too small, or too 

difficult to inventory using methodologies for point or mobile sources. 

When developing EIs, the basic unit for storing emissions is the source classification code (SCC). 

EPA has developed methodologies for estimating emissions for a number of SCC sectors, as 

detailed in the EIIP. EPA currently maintains a database of 1,249 active nonpoint SCCs; 57 of these 

were identified as significant in Clark County. 

For the 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI), EPA developed a series of default EIs for 

nonpoint SCC sectors, including those identified in the EIIP, and for individual nonpoint source 

SCCs. The Clark County nonpoint source EI includes PM10 emissions from all SCC sectors except:

• Anthracite coal, which is primarily used for residential and commercial space heating

and is mostly mined in eastern Pennsylvania. Since Clark County residents and

businesses have relatively low heating requirements, and the mines are so distant, it was

assumed that emissions from burning anthracite coal were not significant. The coal used

by industry within Clark County was assumed to be bituminous.

• Animal husbandry and fertilizer application, since the agriculture industry in Clark

County is minor and emissions from these sectors are insignificant.

EPA provided state and local agencies submitting 2008 NEI data with an additional list of 18 

nonpoint source sectors, categories, or SCCs for which the agencies had to provide estimates if they 

deemed the emissions significant. The Clark County nonpoint source EI includes PM10 emissions 

from sources in all 18 section of the list except the following:

• Clark County’s water resources are limited and agriculture is minor, so emissions from

agricultural tiling and grain elevators were deemed insignificant and not included.

• After accounting for fuel combustion, emissions from human and animal cremation were

deemed insignificant and not included.

• No cotton is grown in Clark County, so cotton ginning emissions were not included.

• Emissions from dental preparation and use, drum and barrel reclamation, general

laboratory activities, hospital sterilization, lamp (fluorescent) recycling, and lamp

breakage were deemed insignificant and not included.

After accounting for nonpoint SCC sector emissions sources, 16 sectors were identified as 

significant sources of PM10 emissions tracked by EPA. 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-2

4.2 Methodology

The methods used to calculate nonpoint source sector emissions were primarily based on EIIP 

guidance (EPA 1997). Emissions were quantified using the product of a source’s activity 

throughput (as defined in Title 40, Part 51.50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 51.50)),

EF, and control efficiency (when applicable). This section provides detailed information on these 

variables, along with the methods used to calculate significant fugitive nonpoint source emissions. 

Multiple sources of activity throughput exist for several nonpoint source sectors in the 

nonattainment area. One example is local population data for baseline and projected years, 

described in Section 2. Table 4-1 lists the methodology and throughput for each nonpoint source 

sector identified. 

Table 4-1. Methodology and Data Sources for Nonpoint Sectors

Nonpoint Source 

Sector Methodology Data Source

Fuel combustion

EIIP, Vol. 3, Area Source Method Abstracts:

• Residential and Commercial/Institutional Natural

Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Combustion

• Residential and Commercial/Institutional Coal

Combustion

• Residential and Commercial/Institutional Fuel

Oil and Kerosene Combustion

• Nevada counties population data (Hardcastle

2008)

• Fuel consumption data (EIA 2009)

• Temperature data (Weather Underground 2011)

• Industrial and commercial employment data

(BLS 2011)

Residential wood 

combustion Residential wood burning (Pechan 2008) 

• County housing, occupied units (U.S. Census

Bureau 2000)

• Clark County population data (DCP 2010a)

Locomotive Locomotive EFs (EPA 2009a) Locomotive data (Section 6)

Paved road AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 13.2.1

• Silt content (DAQEM 2001, App. B)

• Vehicle miles traveled (RTC 2008)

• Vehicle weight (DAQEM 2006)

• EF (EPA 1995)

Unpaved road AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 13.2.2

• Silt content (DRI 1997)

• Vehicle weight (EPA 1995)

• Moisture content (DAQEM 2001, App. B)

• Unpaved road lengths (EQM 2006)

• Average daily traffic counts (EQM 2006)

Commercial 

cooking Commercial cooking (Pechan 2008) County population data (DCP 2010a)

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 11.12 & 11.16 Process throughput, EFs, control efficiencies

Mineral processing 

(stone) AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 11.19.2 Process throughput, EFs, control efficiencies

Asphalt AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 11.1 Process throughput, emission factors, control 

efficiencies

Wind erosion 

(construction) PM10 MAR

• Wind speed data (NCDC 2009)

• Overall control efficiency

• Emission rates (Clark County 2007)

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-3

Nonpoint Source 

Sector Methodology Data Source

Construction PM10 SIP, App. B

• Land area (DAQEM 2007, DOA 2011, RFCD

2011)

• Overall control efficiency

• EFs (MRI 1996)

• Duration (AQ database)

Sand & gravel AP-42, Vol. 1, Ch. 11.19.1 Process throughput, EFs, and control efficiencies

Open burning EIIP, Vol. 3, Ch. 16

• U.S. population data (U.S. Census Bureau

2011)

• Average per capita waste generated (EPA

2008a)

• Tracking of open burn permits (DAQ database)

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) PM10 SIP, App. B; PM10 MAR, App. E & R • Land area(s) (AQ database)• EFs

Structure fires EIIP, Vol. 3, Ch. 18 • Annual no. structural fires (local fire depts.)

• County open burning incidents (AQ database)

Vehicle fires EIIP, Vol. 3, Area Source Method Abstracts, 

“Vehicle Fires”

• Annual highway vehicle fires (local fire depts.)

• Annual other vehicle fires (local fire depts.)

Note: DOA = Clark County Dept. of Aviation; DRI = Desert Research Institute; EF = emission factor; EIA = Energy Information Administration; 

EQM = Environmental Quality Management, Inc.; MRI = Midwest Research Institute; NCDC = National Climatic Data Center; RFCD = Regional Flood Control District; RTC = Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada. 

4.3 Source Overlap

Permitted point sources (e.g., stationary sources) often include fuel combustion and other types of 

nonpoint source emissions. In the NEI, EPA provided a list of nonpoint source sectors that could 

include point source emissions overlap (EPA 2008b). 

To prevent double-counting, nonpoint source SCCs were compared with all the SCCs that made up 

the point source EI in the maintenance plan. Overlaps were corrected by subtracting the point 

source emissions that could also be categorized under a nonpoint source from nonpoint source 

emissions. In some cases, the permitted emissions in the point source inventory exceeded the 

estimated emissions from the nonpoint source inventory. If the overlap exceeded the nonpoint 

source emissions estimate, zero emissions were assigned to that SCC. Tables 4-2 and 4-3 identify 

the overlapping point source SCCs and the net overlap with the nonpoint source annual EI. 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-4

Table 4-2. Overlapping Point Source Emissions

Nonpoint Source (SCC) Overlapping Point Sources 

(SCC) PM10 (tons) 

2102002000 30504033 7.48

Industrial 30501604 0.00

Coal

Total 7.48

2102004000 20200101 0.03

Industrial 20200102 1.82

Distillate Oil 20200104 0.00

30500208 0.08

Total 1.93

2102006000 10200602 0.06

Industrial 10200603 0.08

Natural Gas 20200201 1.88

20200202 0.26

30500257 4.48

30501520 10.63

30500242 0.65

30501604 85.26

Total 103.30

2103004000 20300101 0.04

Total 0.04

2103006000 10300602 0.55

Commercial 10300603 82.75

Natural Gas 10500206 0.03

20300202 7.45

20300203 0.00

Total 90.78

2306010000 20201001 28.18

Asphalt

Total 28.18

Source: Clark County 2008 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) submittal.

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-5

Table 4-3. Point and Nonpoint Source Emissions Overlap

Overlapping Sources 2008 Point Source 

Emissions (tpy) Nonpoint Source Category Point Source SCC

SCC 2102006000: Fuel Combustion (Natural Gas)

Industrial

10200602 0.06

10200603 0.08

20200201 1.88

20200202 0.26

30500257 4.48

30501520 10.63

30500242 0.65

30501604 85.26

SCC 2103006000: Fuel Combustion (Natural Gas)

Commercial

10300602 0.55

10300603 82.75

10500206 0.03

20300202 7.45

20300203 0.00

SCC 2102004000: Fuel Combustion (Distillate Oil)

Industrial

20200101 0.03

20200102 1.82

20200104 0.00

30500208 0.08

SCC 2103004000: Fuel Combustion (Distillate Oil)

Commercial 20300101 0.04

SCC 2102007000: Fuel Combustion (LP) 

Industrial 20201001 0.00

SCC 2102002000: Fuel Combustion (Bituminous Coal)

Industrial

30504033 7.48

30501604 0.00

Some of the overlapping point and nonpoint emissions totals were noticeably different: for 

example, the permitted point source fuel combustion of natural gas at industrial sources totaled 

103.30 tpy, yet the estimated nonpoint source emissions for fuel combustion of natural gas at 

industrial sources totaled 24.88 tpy. 

There are several possible explanations for this discrepancy. Emissions estimates for point sources 

are based on a bottom-up approach that relies on actual throughput values, rather than the top-down 

approach used to estimate nonpoint source emissions. In the top-down approach, statewide fuel 

consumption is based on EIA data that partitions consumption estimates among residential, 

commercial, and industrial sources. EIA may not have not accurately partitioned natural gas among 

Nevada sectors. Another possible explanation is that the population-based method used to estimate 

Clark County’s share of statewide fuel consumption may be inaccurate. The EFs and controls used 

to estimate emissions in stationary source permits may also differ from those used to estimate 

nonpoint source emissions. In any case, large discrepancies between overlapping point and 

nonpoint source emissions are the exception rather than the rule. 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-6

4.4 Temporal Profiles

Design-day emissions were estimated using EPA temporal activity profiles, which provide daily, 

weekly, and monthly information at the SCC level (EPA 2002). Table 4-4 lists each nonpoint 

source sector’s percentage of activity during the design day. The totals reflect the product of the 

source’s activity in April and the average amount of activity that occurs on Wednesdays, the 

weekday corresponding to the design day. 

Table 4-4. Design Day Temporal Profiles

Nonpoint Source 

Sector SCC Activity in April Activity on Wednesdays

Activity During 

Design Day

Fuel combustion

2102002000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2102004000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2102005000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2102006000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2102007000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2102011000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2103002000 99.7% 103.0% 102.7%

2103004000 99.7% 103.0% 102.7%

2103005000 99.7% 103.0% 102.7%

2103006000 99.7% 103.0% 102.7%

2103007000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2103011000 100.0% 103.0% 103.0%

2104002000 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104004000 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104005000 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104006000 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104007000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2104011000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Residential wood 

combustion

2104008100 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008210 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008220 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2104008230 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008310 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008320 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2104008330 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008400 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104008610 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

2104009000 89.8% 100.0% 89.8%

Locomotive

2285002006 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2285002007 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2285002008 98.2% 100.0% 98.2%

2285002009 94.9% 100.0% 94.9%

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-7

Nonpoint Source 

Sector SCC Activity in April Activity on Wednesdays

Activity During 

Design Day

2285002010 98.5% 100.0% 98.5%

Paved road 2294000000 98.5% 98.5% 98.5%

Unpaved road

2296005000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2296010000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Commercial cooking

2302002100 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2302002200 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2302003000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2302003100 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2302003200 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) 2305070000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 

Mineral processing 

(stone) 2305080000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 

Asphalt 2306010000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Wind erosion 

(construction) 2311000100 N/A N/A N/A

Construction

2311010000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2311020000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2311030000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Sand & gravel 2325030000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Open burning

2610000100 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2610000300 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2610000400 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2810035000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

2810090000 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 N/A N/A N/A

Structure fires 2810030000 72.0% 84.0% 60.5%

Vehicle fires 2810090000 72.0% 84.0% 60.5%

EPA’s temporal profiles are based on national averages, which are reasonably representative for 

most nonpoint sources. Whenever available, however, state or local data were used to estimate 

activity: e.g., EIA state-specific data for natural gas consumption were used when estimating 

emissions from residential, commercial, and industrial sources for the fuel combustion nonpoint 

sector (EIA 2010a). 

4.5 Rule Effectiveness and Rule Penetration

Volume 73, page 76555 of the Federal Register (73 FR 76555) defines rule effectiveness (RE) as “a 

rating of how well a regulatory program achieves all possible emissions reductions. This rating 

reflects the assumption that controls typically are not 100 percent effective because of equipment 

downtime, upsets, decreases in control efficiencies, and other deficiencies in emission estimates.” 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-8

The same page defines rule penetration (RP) as “the percentage of a nonpoint source category 

covered by an applicable regulation.” 

RE and RP values generally do not apply to nonpoint sources because of a lack of control devices 

subject to rule requirements. Table 4-5 lists the few nonpoint sources with RE and RP values less 

than 100 percent; it shows the controls associated with a subcategory of residential wood 

combustion devices and with the construction sector. The table included rules related to fuel usage 

and emission unit manufacture if they are referenced in the Clark County Air Quality Regulations 

(AQRs) or EPA documents. The RE and RP values of these rules were assumed to be 100 percent. 

Table 4-6 includes more detailed RE, RP, and control efficiency information for all of the 

inventoried nonpoint sectors. 

Table 4-5. RE and RP for Nonpoint Sources 

Nonpoint Sector SCC RE % RP %

Fuel combustion1

2102004000 100 100

2102011000 100 100

2103004000 100 100

2103011000 100 100

2104004000 100 100

Residential wood combustion2

2104008000 100 100

2104008100 100 100

2104008210 100 100

2104008220 100 100

2104008230 100 100

2104008310 90 100

2104008320 90 100

2104008330 90 100

Fuel combustion 2104011000 100 100

Locomotive3

2285002006 100 100

2285002007 100 100

2285002008 100 100

2285002009 100 100

2285002010 100 100

Wind erosion from construction activities 2311000100 80 98

Residential construction 2311010000 80 98

Non-residential construction 2311020000 80 98

Road construction 2311030000 80 98

Source: EPA 2005. 1

The sulfur content of fuel oil combusted within Clark County is regulated under AQR Section 29. No other PM10

controls were identified.

2

Assumed any and all controls occur at the manufacturer and are 100%, and that control equipment is installed 

by the manufacturer and additional emissions are a result of RE or RP values below 100%. 3

Assumed 40 CFR 1033.901 standards are being met with approximately 100% capture and control efficiency.

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4-9

Table 4-6. RE, RP, and Capture & Control Efficiencies

Sector SCC RE RP Control 

Device

Capture 

Eff.

1 Control 

Eff.

2 Total PM10 

Controls3 Comments

Fuel combustion

2102002000 N/A N/A No4 N/A N/A N/A

Assumed that stoker-fired systems represent coal combustion units in Las Vegas. PM10 EF does not depend on ash 

content of fired coal, which is subject to permit conditions

(AP-42, Table 1.1-11).

2102004000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% AQR Section 29 regulates the sulfur content of fuel combusted in Clark County. 

2102005000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No identifiable use of residual oil within Clark County (AP42, Table 1.3-6).

2102006000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No PM10 controls identified (AP-42 Tables 1.4-1, -2).

2102007000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No PM10 controls identified (AP-42 Table 1.5-1).

2102011000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Distillate oils include kerosene and diesel fuels.

2103002000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No identifiable emissions in Clark County associated with 

burning coal in the residential or commercial sectors. 

2103004000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Section 29 regulates the sulfur content of fuel combusted 

in Clark County. 

2103005000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No identifiable use of residual oil within Clark County.

2103006000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No controls identified (AP-42 Tables 1.4-1, -2).

2103007000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No controls identified (AP-42 Table 1.5-1).

2103011000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Section 29 regulates the sulfur content of fuel combusted 

in Clark County. 

2104002000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

Assumed that stoker-fired systems represent coal combustion units in Las Vegas. PM10 EF does not depend on ash 

content of fired coal, which is subject to permit conditions.

2104004000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Section 29 regulates the sulfur content of fuel combusted 

in Clark County. 

2104005000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No identifiable use of residual oil within Clark County.

2104006000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No controls identified (AP-42 Tables 1.4-1, -2).

2104007000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No controls identified (AP-42 Table 1.5-1).

Residential 

wood burning

2104008100 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Assumed all controls occur at the manufacturer level and 

are 100 percent.

2104008210 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% From EPA (2005).

2104008220 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% From EPA (2005).

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4-10

Sector SCC RE RP Control 

Device

Capture 

Eff.

1 Control 

Eff.

2 Total PM10 

Controls3 Comments

2104008230 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% From EPA (2005).

2104008310 90% 100% Yes 100% 100% 90% 

Assumed control equipment is installed by manufacturer 

and any additional emissions are a result of RE or RP values below 100 percent.

2104008320 90% 100% Yes 100% 100% 90% From EPA (2005).

2104008330 90% 100% Yes 100% 100% 90% From EPA (2005).

2104008400 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No AQRs or identified controls for these devices.

2104008610 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

2104009000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

Fuel combustion 2104011000 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% Section 29 regulates sulfur content of fuel combusted in 

Clark County. 

Locomotive

2285002006 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% 40 CFR 1033.901 requires manufacturers to meet tiered 

standards that depend on the manufacture year. Assumed 

that standards are met with ~100% capture and control efficiency that all controls occur at the manufacturer, and 

that controls are 100%. Locomotives built before 1973 are 

exempt, but Union Pacific has upgraded all its locomotives 

to Tier 2.

2285002007 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100%

2285002008 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100%

2285002009 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100%

2285002010 100% 100% Yes 100% 100% 100% 

Paved road 2294000000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Estimates based on AP-42 calculations. Since emissions 

are fugitive dust, no capture efficiency was assigned.

Unpaved road

2296005000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A From EQM (2006), p. 8-2.

2296010000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Fugitive dust.

Commercial 

cooking

2302002100 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

Clark County does not regulate charbroiler emissions, so 

equipment capture and control efficiencies were not estimated. 

2302002200 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

2302003000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Assumed that any controls associated with frying food occur at the manufacturer level and are 100%. 

2302003100 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

2302003200 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-11

Sector SCC RE RP Control 

Device

Capture 

Eff.

1 Control 

Eff.

2 Total PM10 

Controls3 Comments

Mineral 

processing 

(concrete, 

gypsum)

2305070000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Emissions based on actual emissions from permitted facilities. A control efficiency was not included because one or 

more may be present, depending on the size of the plant 

and the type of process. AQ applies a 90.9% control efficiency for the application of water to aggregate that produces a 2.5% moisture content, and a 95% control efficiency when a belt feeder is partially enclosed.

Mineral 

processing 

(stone)

2305080000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Emissions based on actual emissions from permitted facilities. AQ applies a 90% control efficiency when water is 

used during the stonecutting process.

Asphalt 2306010000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Emissions based on actual emissions from permitted facilities. AQ applies an 81.5% control efficiency for the application of water to aggregate that produces a 1.5% moisture content; a 95% control efficiency when a belt feeder or 

truck loadout is partially enclosed; and a 99% control efficiency when a baghouse is used at a silo.

Wind erosion 

from construction (total)2311000100 80% 98% Yes N/A 91% 71% Fugitive dust. 

Residential 

construction 2311010000 80% 98% Yes N/A 87% 68% From DAQEM (2003), pp. 6-7.

Non-residential 

construction 2311020000 80% 98% Yes N/A 87% 68% Fugitive dust. 

Road construction 2311030000 80% 98% Yes N/A 87% 68% Fugitive dust. 

Sand & gravel 2325030000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Emissions based on actual emissions from permitted facilities. AQ applies a 90.9% control efficiency for the application of water to aggregate that produces a 2.5% moisture 

content, and a 95% control efficiency when a belt feeder is 

partially enclosed.

Open burning

2610000100 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No known controls. 

2610000300 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No known controls.

2610000400 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No known controls.

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Vacant land emissions likely occur only at threshold wind speeds and depend on the type of land.

Structural fires 2810030000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Fires are not controlled.

Open burning 2810035000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No known controls. 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-12

Sector SCC RE RP Control 

Device

Capture 

Eff.

1 Control 

Eff.

2 Total PM10 

Controls3 Comments

Vehicle fires 2810050000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Fires are not controlled.

Open burning 2810090000 N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A No known controls. 

1

”Capture efficiency” is the weight per unit time of a pollutant entering a capture system and delivered to a control device divided by the weight per unit time of the total amount of the 

pollutant generated by the source. 

2

”Control efficiency” is the weight per unit time of a pollutant entering a capture system and delivered to a control device divided by the weight per unit time of the total amount of the 

pollutant generated by the source. 

3

When controls exist but do not impact emissions calculations; they are listed as “N/A.” 4

AP-42 indicates that any add-on controls associated with fuel combustion are narrowly tailored toward controlling NOx emissions, so any capture and control efficiencies associated 

with add-on controls were assumed to be negligible for PM10.

C-12
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-13

4.6 Growth Factors Used to Project Emissions

Projected emissions in this PM10 maintenance plan are generally based on growth factors generated 

by EGAS, version 5.0; however, EGAS may overestimate emissions growth. A draft EPA paper 

(Chappell 2006) suggests EGAS factors may overstate future-year emissions in regulatory impact 

analyses, and EPA has commented in several Federal Register entries that EGAS growth factors 

may overstate future-year emissions. Clark County still used EGAS growth factors to project 2023 

nonpoint source emissions, with the following exceptions: 

1. EGAS factors were not used where more accurate EIA fuel consumption projections were

available. EIA forecasts for the consumption of natural gas, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel

oil, and LPG were used to project emissions for the fuel combustion sector (EIA 2009).

2. Projected Union Pacific growth factors (Germer 2010) and EPA EFs (EPA 2009a), rather

than EGAS factors, were used to estimate locomotive emissions. EPA’s projected EFs

showed more of a downward trend based on regulations mandating stricter controls for

future years that EGAS did not take into account.

3. EGAS factors were not used to project emissions for the paved road sector. Instead,

projected growth was based on more accurate vehicle miles traveled (VMT) projections

from the RTC.

4. EGAS factors were not used to project emissions for the construction, wind erosion, and

unpaved road sectors. Growth in these sectors was linked to projected population changes in

the BLM disposal and nonattainment areas.

4.7 Emissions Summary

The following tables provide the estimated design-day emissions from nonpoint source sectors.

Emissions are listed for the 2008 baseline year, the 2015 midpoint year, and the 2023 horizon year. 

Totals account for the overlap of point and nonpoint sources. 

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PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-14

Table 4-7. Nonpoint Sector Design Day Emissions—BLM Disposal Area

Nonpoint Source Sector Design Day Emissions (tpd)

2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion 1.23 1.29 1.38

Residential wood combustion 1.89 1.90 1.92

Locomotive 0.06 0.06 0.05

Paved road 30.85 38.04 48.78

Unpaved road 5.84 6.51 7.49

Commercial cooking 2.19 2.52 2.83

Mineral processing (concrete, gypsum) 0.28 0.34 0.40

Mineral processing (stone) 0.15 0.18 0.21

Asphalt 0.33 0.37 0.40

Wind erosion (construction) 183.97 217.70 249.21

Construction 30.93 37.69 41.22

Sand & gravel 0.42 0.51 0.60

Open burning 0.02 0.02 0.02

Wind erosion (vacant lands) 439.05 288.16 122.77

Structural fires 0.02 0.02 0.03

Vehicle fires 0.03 0.03 0.04

TOTAL 697.23 595.34 477.36

Table 4-8. Nonpoint Sector Design Day Emissions—HA 212

Nonpoint Sector Design Day Emissions (tpd)

2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion 1.23 1.29 1.38

Residential wood combustion 1.89 1.91 1.93

Locomotive 0.06 0.07 0.06

Paved road 31.06 38.34 49.20

Unpaved road 6.76 7.54 8.68

Commercial cooking 2.20 2.52 2.84

Mineral processing (concrete, gypsum) 0.28 0.34 0.40

Mineral processing (stone) 0.15 0.18 0.22

Asphalt 0.33 0.37 0.41

Wind erosion (construction) 184.55 218.40 250.00

Construction 31.02 37.80 41.34

Sand & gravel 0.42 0.51 0.60

Open burning 0.02 0.02 0.02

Wind erosion (vacant lands) 3,630.12 3,478.81 3,312.96

Structural fires 0.02 0.02 0.03

Vehicle fires 0.03 0.03 0.04

TOTAL 3,890.13 3,788.15 3,670.09

C-14
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-15

Table 4-9. Nonpoint Sector Annual Emissions—BLM disposal area

Nonpoint Sector Annual Emissions (tpy)

2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion 445.77 467.21 498.15

Residential wood combustion 758.69 764.63 774.59

Locomotive 20.97 23.78 20.64

Paved road 11,152.75 13,198.07 15,108.25

Unpaved road 2,135.69 2,381.96 2,742.37

Commercial cooking 802.26 921.09 1,036.77

Mineral processing (concrete, gypsum) 101.03 123.07 144.88

Mineral processing (stone) 54.82 66.78 78.61

Asphalt 121.30 134.94 147.83

Wind erosion (construction) 19,550.11 23,135.44 26,483.86

Construction 11,318.05 13,793.38 15,085.35

Sand & gravel 152.56 185.84 218.78

Open burning 5.65 6.75 7.54

Wind erosion (vacant lands) 88,841.76 64,874.96 38,233.48

Structural fires 12.45 15.01 17.52

Vehicle fires 17.23 20.40 23.35

TOTAL 135,491.11 120,113.31 100,621.98

Table 4-10. Nonpoint Sector Annual Emissions—HA 212

Nonpoint Sector

Annual Emissions (tpy)

2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion 446.98 468.48 499.50

Residential wood combustion 760.75 766.70 776.68

Locomotive 21.03 23.85 20.69

Paved road 11,227.01 13,285.95 15,208.85

Unpaved road 2,473.36 2,758.56 3,175.95

Commercial cooking 804.43 923.58 1,039.58

Mineral processing (concrete, gypsum) 101.31 123.40 145.28

Mineral processing (stone) 54.97 66.96 78.83

Asphalt 121.63 135.31 148.23

Wind erosion (construction) 19,612.18 23,208.89 26,567.94

Construction 11,350.73 13,833.10 15,128.90

Sand & gravel 152.98 186.34 219.37

Open burning 5.67 6.77 7.56

Wind erosion (vacant lands) 644,062.04 620,028.71 593,313.55

Structural fires 12.48 15.06 17.57

Vehicle fires 17.28 20.45 23.41

TOTAL 691,224.81 675,852.11 656,371.90

C-15
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-16

Table 4-11. Design Day Emissions in HA 212 (tpd) 

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/ Total: All 

Boiler Types 0.84 0.89 0.96

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.18 0.19 0.20

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: All Boiler 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/ Kerosene/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/ Bituminous/Sub-bituminous 

Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and 

IC Engines 0.03 0.03 0.03

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and 

IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: 

All Combustor Types 0.01 0.01 0.01

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Kerosene/Total: All Combustor 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/ Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/ Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/ Residual Oil/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/ Natural Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 0.17 0.17 0.17

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/ Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 0.01 0.01 0.01

Residential wood 

burning

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: General 0.49 0.50 0.50

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Fireplace Inserts; NonEPA Certified 0.53 0.53 0.54

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Fireplace Inserts; EPACertified; Non-Catalytic 0.12 0.12 0.12

C-16
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-17

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Fireplace Inserts; EPACertified; Catalytic 0.04 0.04 0.04

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Freestanding, Non-EPA

Certified 0.48 0.49 0.49

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Freestanding, EPAcertified, Non-Catalytic 0.11 0.11 0.11

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Freestanding, EPAcertified, Catalytic 0.03 0.03 0.04

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: Pellet-fired, General 

(freestanding or FP insert) 0.01 0.01 0.01

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: Outdoor 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All Combustor Types 0.07 0.07 0.07

Fuel combustion 2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All Heater Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

Locomotive

2285002006 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class I 

Operations 0.06 0.07 0.06

2285002007 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class II/III 

Operations 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002008 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Passenger 

Trains (Amtrak) 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002009 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Commuter 

Lines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002010 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Yard Locomotives 0.00 0.00 0.00

Paved road 2294000000 Mobile Sources/Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: Fugitives 31.06 38.34 49.20

Unpaved road

2296005000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Public Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives 1.10 1.23 1.41

2296010000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Industrial Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives 5.66 6.31 7.27

Commercial 

cooking

2302002100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/ Conveyorized Charbroiling 0.24 0.27 0.31

2302002200 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/ Under-fired Charbroiling 1.60 1.84 2.07

2302003000 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Deep Fat Frying 0.00 0.00 0.00

2302003100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Flat Griddle Frying 0.35 0.41 0.46

2302003200 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/ 

Clamshell Griddle Frying 0.00 0.00 0.01

C-17
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-18

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) 2305070000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/Total 0.28 0.34 0.40

Mineral processing 

(stone) 2305080000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Cut Stone & Stone Products/Total 0.15 0.18 0.22

Asphalt 2306010000 Industrial Processes/Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/Total 0.33 0.37 0.41

Wind erosion from 

construction (total) 2311000100 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC1 15-17/All Processes/Wind Erosion 184.55 218.40 250.00

Residential 

construction 2311010000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Residential/Total 11.26 13.69 15.01

Nonresidential 

construction 2311020000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 -17/Industrial/Commercial/Institutional/Total 17.96 21.94 23.94

Road construction 2311030000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Road Construction/Total 1.79 2.17 2.38

Sand & gravel 2325030000 Industrial Processes/Mining & Quarrying/Sand & Gravel/Total 0.42 0.51 0.60

Open burning

2610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified 0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000300 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Weed Species Unspecified (including Grass) 0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Brush Species Unspecified 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 Natural Sources/Geogenic/Wind Erosion/Total 3,630.12 3,478.81 3,312.96

Structural fires 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Structure Fires/Unspecified 0.02 0.02 0.03

Open burning 2810035000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Firefighting Training/Total 0.00 0.00 0.00

Vehicle fires 2810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Motor Vehicle 

Fires/Unspecified 0.03 0.03 0.04

Open burning 2810090000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Open Fire/Not categorized 0.02 0.02 0.02

TOTAL 3,890.13 3,788.15 3,670.09

1

SIC = Standard Industrial Code.

C-18
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-19

Table 4-12. Design Day Emissions in the BLM Disposal Area (tpd) 

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 0.84 0.88 0.96

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.18 0.19 0.20

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: All Boiler 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Kerosene/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Bituminous/Sub-bituminous 

Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and 

IC Engines 0.03 0.03 0.03

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and 

IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: 

All Combustor Types 0.01 0.01 0.01

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Kerosene/Total: All Combustor 

Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Residual Oil/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Natural Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 0.17 0.17 0.17

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Liquefied Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 0.01 0.01 0.01

Residential wood 

burning

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: general 0.49 0.50 0.50

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; nonEPA certified 0.53 0.53 0.54

C-19
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-20

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPAcertified; non-catalytic 0.12 0.12 0.12

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPAcertified; catalytic 0.04 0.04 0.04

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA 

certified 0.48 0.48 0.49

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPAcertified, non-catalytic 0.11 0.11 0.11

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPAcertified, catalytic 0.03 0.03 0.03

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: pellet-fired, general 

(freestanding or fireplace insert) 0.01 0.01 0.01

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/ Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: outdoor 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All Combustor Types 0.07 0.07 0.07

Fuel combustion 2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All Heater Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

Locomotive

2285002006 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class I 

Operations 0.06 0.06 0.05

2285002007 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class II/ III 

Operations 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002008 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Passenger 

Trains (Amtrak) 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002009 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Commuter 

Lines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002010 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Yard Locomotives 0.00 0.00 0.00

Paved road 2294000000 Mobile Sources/Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: Fugitives 30.85 38.04 48.78

Unpaved road

2296005000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Public Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives 0.28 0.32 0.36

2296010000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Industrial Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives 5.55 6.19 7.13

Commercial 

cooking

2302002100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Conveyorized Charbroiling 0.24 0.27 0.31

2302002200 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Under-fired Charbroiling 1.60 1.83 2.06

2302003000 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Deep Fat Frying 0.00 0.00 0.00

C-20
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-21

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2302003100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Flat Griddle Frying 0.35 0.41 0.46

2302003200

Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Clamshell Griddle 

Frying

0.00 0.00 0.01

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) 2305070000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/Total 0.28 0.34 0.40

Mineral processing 

(stone) 2305080000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Cut Stone & Stone Products/Total 0.15 0.18 0.21

Asphalt 2306010000 Industrial Processes/Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/Total 0.33 0.37 0.40

Wind erosion from 

construction (total) 2311000100 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC1 15 - 17/All Processes/Wind Erosion 183.97 217.70 249.21

Residential 

construction 2311010000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Residential/Total 11.25 13.68 15.00

Non-residential 

construction 2311020000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 -17/Industrial/Commercial/Institutional/Total 17.88 21.84 23.84

Road construction 2311030000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Road Construction/Total 1.79 2.17 2.38

Sand & gravel 2325030000 Industrial Processes/Mining & Quarrying/Sand & Gravel/Total 0.42 0.51 0.60

Open burning

2610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified 0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000300 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Weed Species Unspecified (including Grass) 0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard 

Waste - Brush Species Unspecified 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 Natural Sources/Geogenic/Wind Erosion/Total 439.05 288.16 122.77

Structural fires 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Structure Fires/Unspecified 0.02 0.02 0.03

Open burning 2810035000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Firefighting Training/Total 0.00 0.00 0.00

Vehicle fires 2810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Motor Vehicle 

Fires/Unspecified 0.03 0.03 0.04

Open burning 2810090000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Open Fire/Not categorized 0.02 0.02 0.02

TOTAL 697.23 595.34 477.36

C-21
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4-22

Table 4-13. Annual PM10 Emissions in HA 212 (tons)

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 299.02 314.89 340.37

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 64.05 66.29 70.00

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Residual Oil/Total: All 

Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Liquefied Petroleum 

Gas/ Total: All Boiler Types 1.38 1.52 1.66

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Kerosene/Total: All Boiler Types 0.01 0.01 0.02

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate 

Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 9.16 9.48 10.01

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual 

Oil/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural 

Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquefied

Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 2.10 2.31 2.52

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/ 

Kerosene/Total: All Combustor Types 0.12 0.12 0.13

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.66 0.68 0.72

2104005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Residual Oil/Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Natural Gas/Total: All 

Combustor Types 67.77 70.20 70.83

C-22
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-23

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Liquefied Petroleum 

Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 2.67 2.94 3.20

Residential wood 

burning

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: general 200.87 202.44 205.08

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified 215.39 217.07 219.90

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

fireplace inserts; EPA-certified; non-catalytic 44.25 44.59 45.17

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

fireplace inserts; EPA-certified; catalytic 15.35 15.47 15.67

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

freestanding, non-EPA certified 196.16 197.70 200.27

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

freestanding, EPA-certified, non-catalytic 40.29 40.60 41.13

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

freestanding, EPA-certified, catalytic 13.97 14.08 14.27

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: 

pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert) 5.90 5.95 6.03

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: outdoor 0.02 0.02 0.02

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All 

Combustor Types 28.55 28.78 29.15

Fuel combustion 2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All 

Heater Types 0.04 0.04 0.03

Locomotive

2285002006 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul 

Locomotives: Class I Operations 21.03 23.85 20.69

2285002007 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul 

Locomotives: Class II/ III Operations 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002008

Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul 

Locomotives: 

Passenger Trains (Amtrak)

0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002009 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul 

Locomotives: Commuter Lines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002010 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Yard Locomotives 0.00 0.00 0.00

C-23
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-24

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Paved road 2294000000 Mobile Sources/Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: 

Fugitives 11,227.01 13,285.95 15,208.85

Unpaved road

2296005000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Public Unpaved 

Roads/Total: Fugitives 402.22 448.60 516.48

2296010000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Industrial Unpaved 

Roads/Total: Fugitives 2,071.14 2,309.96 2,659.48

Commercial 

cooking

2302002100

Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Conveyorized 

Charbroiling

87.65 100.63 113.27

2302002200

Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Under-fired 

Charbroiling

585.72 672.48 756.94

2302003000 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/ Deep Fat Frying 0.00 0.00 0.00

2302003100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/ Flat Griddle Frying 129.64 148.84 167.54

2302003200

Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/ Clamshell Griddle 

Frying

1.42 1.63 1.84

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) 2305070000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/ Total 101.31 123.40 145.28

Mineral processing 

(stone) 2305080000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Cut Stone & Stone Products/Total 54.97 66.96 78.83

Asphalt 2306010000 Industrial Processes/Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/ Total 121.63 135.31 148.23

Wind erosion from 

construction (total) 2311000100 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC1 15 - 17/All Processes/Wind Erosion 19,612.18 23,208.89 26,567.94

Residential 

construction 2311010000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 -17/Residential/Total 4,121.69 5,009.66 5,493.62

Non-residential construction 2311020000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 -

17/Industrial/Commercial/Institutional/Total 6,574.90 8,028.38 8,763.40

Road construction 2311030000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Road 

Construction/Total 654.14 795.07 871.88

Sand & gravel 2325030000 Industrial Processes/Mining & Quarrying/Sand & Gravel/Total 152.98 186.34 219.37

C-24
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-25

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Open burning

2610000100

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified

0.01 0.01 0.01

2610000300

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Weed Species Unspecified (including Grass)

0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000400

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified

0.01 0.01 0.01

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 Natural Sources/Geogenic/Wind Erosion/Total 644,062.04 620,028.71 593,313.55

Structural fires 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Structure Fires/Unspecified 12.48 15.06 17.57

Open burning 2810035000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Firefighting Training/Total 0.05 0.06 0.07

Vehicle fires 2810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Motor 

Vehicle Fires/Unspecified 17.28 20.45 23.41

Open burning 2810090000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Open 

Fire/Not categorized 5.60 6.69 7.48

TOTAL 691,224.81 675,852.11 656,371.90

C-25
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-26

Table 4-14. Annual PM10 Emissions in BLM Disposal Area (tons)

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Fuel combustion

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 298.22 314.04 339.45

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers 

and IC Engines 63.88 66.11 69.81

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers 

and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Liquefied Petroleum Gas/ 

Total: All Boiler Types 1.38 1.52 1.65

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Kerosene/Total: All Boiler 

Types 0.01 0.01 0.02

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Bituminous/

Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate 

Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 9.14 9.46 9.99

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual 

Oil/Total: All Boiler Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural 

Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines 0.00 0.00 0.00

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquefied

Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types 2.09 2.30 2.51

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Kerosene/ 

Total: All Combustor Types 0.12 0.12 0.13

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.66 0.68 0.72

2104005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Residual Oil/Total: All 

Combustor Types 0.00 0.00 0.00

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Natural Gas/Total: All 

Combustor Types 67.59 70.01 70.64

C-26
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-27

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Liquefied Petroleum 

Gas/ Total: All Combustor Types 2.66 2.93 3.20

Residential wood 

burning

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: general 200.33 201.90 204.53

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified 214.80 216.49 219.30

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA-certified; non-catalytic 44.13 44.47 45.05

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA-certified; catalytic 15.30 15.42 15.63

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified 195.63 197.16 199.73

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA-certified, non-catalytic 40.18 40.49 41.02

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA-certified, catalytic 13.94 14.05 14.23

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert) 5.89 5.93 6.01

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: 

outdoor 0.02 0.02 0.02

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All Combustor Types 28.48 28.70 29.07

Fuel combustion 2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All Heater Types 0.04 0.04 0.03

Locomotive

2285002006 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class I Operations 20.97 23.78 20.64

2285002007 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: Class II/III Operations 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002008

Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: 

Passenger Trains (Amtrak)

0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002009

Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Line Haul Locomotives: 

Commuter Lines

0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002010 Mobile Sources/Railroad Equipment/Diesel/Yard Locomotives 0.00 0.00 0.00

C-27
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-28

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

Paved road 2294000000 Mobile Sources/Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: Fugitives 11,152.75 13,198.07 15,108.25

Unpaved road

2296005000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Public Unpaved 

Roads/Total: Fugitives 103.39 115.31 132.76

2296010000 Mobile Sources/Unpaved Roads/Industrial Unpaved 

Roads/Total: Fugitives 2,032.30 2,266.64 2,609.61

Commercial 

cooking

2302002100 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial 

Cooking - Charbroiling/Conveyorized Charbroiling 87.41 100.36 112.97

2302002200 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial 

Cooking - Charbroiling/Under-fired Charbroiling 584.14 670.66 754.89

2302003000 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial 

Cooking - Frying/ Deep Fat Frying 0.00 0.00 0.00

2302003100

Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial 

Cooking - Frying/ 

Flat Griddle Frying

129.29 148.44 167.08

2302003200 Industrial Processes/Food & Kindred Products/Commercial 

Cooking - Frying/ Clamshell Griddle Frying 1.42 1.63 1.83

Mineral processing 

(concrete, gypsum) 2305070000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/ Total 101.03 123.07 144.88

Mineral processing 

(stone) 2305080000 Industrial Processes/Mineral Processes/Cut Stone & Stone Products/Total 54.82 66.78 78.61

Asphalt 2306010000 Industrial Processes/Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/ Total 121.30 134.94 147.83

Wind erosion from 

construction (total) 2311000100 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 151 - 17/All Processes/Wind Erosion 19,550.11 23,135.44 26,483.86

Residential 

construction 2311010000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Residential/Total 4,119.06 5,006.46 5,490.12

Non-residential 

construction 2311020000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 -17/Industrial/Commercial/ Institutional/Total 6,545.24 7,992.33 8,723.87

Road construction 2311030000 Industrial Processes/Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Road Construction/Total 653.75 794.59 871.36

Sand & gravel 2325030000 Industrial Processes/Mining & Quarrying/Sand & Gravel/Total 152.56 185.84 218.78

Open burning 2610000100 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified 0.01 0.01 0.01

C-28
PM10 Maintenance Plan, Appendix A: Technical Support Document

4-29

Nonpoint Sector SCC SCC Description 2008 2015 2023

2610000300

Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Weed Species Unspecified 

(including Grass)

0.00 0.00 0.00

2610000400 Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery/Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified 0.01 0.01 0.01

Wind erosion 

(vacant lands) 2730100000 Natural Sources/Geogenic/Wind Erosion/Total 88,841.76 64,874.96 38,233.48

Structural fires 2810030000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Structure 

Fires/Unspecified 12.45 15.01 17.52

Open burning 2810035000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Firefighting 

Training/Total 0.05 0.06 0.07

Vehicle fires 2810050000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Motor Vehicle Fires/Unspecified 17.23 20.40 23.35

Open burning 2810090000 Miscellaneous Area Sources/Other Combustion/Open 

Fire/Not categorized 5.59 6.67 7.46

TOTAL 135,491.11 120,113.31 100,621.98

C-29
ATTACHMENT D:

GASOLINE THROUGHPUT AND 

EMISSIONS DATA FOR CURRENTLY 

EXEMPT GASOLINE DISPENSING 

FACILITIES
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5
D-6
D-7
ATTACHMENT E: 

• CUTBACK ASPHALT INVENTORY

• CORRESPONDENCE FROM REGIONAL 

TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND 

LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENTS 

ON CUTBACK ASPHALT USE

• RTC ASPHALT SPECIFICATIONS 

• MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS FOR 

SPECIFIED PRODUCTS
E-1. CUTBACK ASPHALT 

INVENTORY
Ozone Request for Redesignation and Maintenance Plan: Technical Support Document

5-130

The annual usage is based on information obtained from suppliers. The baseline VOC emissions 

from the cutback asphalt sector are relatively low and ranked 11th (0.69 tpd) among the nonpoint 

source sectors. The industrial surface coating sector had the highest emissions (14.73 tpd). 

Table 5-110. Cutback Asphalt Baseline and Projected Summer Work Weekday Emissions

SCC Description

Tons per Day

2008 2015 2022

CO NOx VOC CO NOx VOC CO NOx VOC

2461021000

Solvent Utilization/Miscellaneous 

Non-industrial: Commercial/Cutback 

Asphalt/Total: All Solvent Types

0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 1.08

Totals: 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 1.08

Difference (2022 - 2008): 0.00 0.00 0.40

Note: Emissions totals account for point/nonpoint overlap & RE/RP adjustment.

5.7.13.1 Emissions from Cutback Asphalt

Table 5-111. Emissions Summary from Cutback Asphalt

Year

Summer 

Inventory 

Complete 

Annual 

Inventory 

Complete 

Summer 

VOC 

Emissions 

(tpy)

Annual 

VOC 

Emissions 

(tpy)

2008 Yes Yes 44.63 177.79

Table 5-112. Cutback Asphalt Emissions by SCC (tpy)

SCC1 SCC Level: SCC Level: SCC Level: SCC Level: 2008

1 2 3 4 CO NOx VOC

2461021000 Solvent 

Utilization

Miscellaneous 

Non-industrial: 

Commercial

Cutback 

Asphalt

Total: All 

Solvent 

Types

0 0 177.794

1

SCC database located at EPA, TTN Clearinghouse for Inventories & Emissions Facts 

<http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/codes/index.html#scc>.

Cutback Asphalt Emission Calculations Input Parameters:

1. 2008

2. Yes

3. Yes

4. 0

5. Medium-cure cutback asphalt usage (tons): 888.97

Year of emissions analysis:

Summer inventory complete (yes or no):

Annual inventory complete (yes or no):

Note: Cutback asphalt (liquefied asphalt) is formed by mixing liquefied paving asphalt (asphaltic cement) with 

petroleum distillates. Cutback asphalt contains a significant amount of light petroleum solvents such as kerosene, 

diesel, or naphtha. These solvents or diluents are added to the asphalt either at the refinery or the asphalt plant. As a 

result, cutback asphalt can be a significant source of VOCs.

Slow-cure cutback asphalt usage (tons):

E-1
E-2. CORRESPONDENCE WITH 

LOCAL MPO AND PUBLIC WORKS 

DEPARTMENTS ON CB USE
E-2
E-3
E-3. MPO UNIFORM STANDARD 

SPECIFICATIONS FOR ASPHALT
405 

405-1

SECTION 405 

TACK COAT 

DESCRIPTION 

405.01.01 GENERAL 

A. This work shall consist of preparing and treating an existing bituminous or concrete

surface with asphaltic emulsion in accordance with these specifications and in conformity

with the lines shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

MATERIAL 

405.02.01 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 

A. The type and grade of bituminous material shall be SS-1h or CSS-1h asphalt emulsion

unless otherwise specified in the Special Provisions.

1. The grade may be changed by the Engineer during construction.

2. The bituminous material shall comply with Section 703, "Bituminous Materials."

3. The bituminous material may be conditionally accepted at the source.

B. Asphaltic emulsion used as a tack coat between the courses of plantmix surface or over

an existing surface shall be of the type and grade specified and prepared for application

as follows:

1. The emulsion shall be cut back by warm water.

2. Water shall be added to the emulsion in the quantity of 50 percent of the emulsion

by weight.

CONSTRUCTION 

405.03.01 EQUIPMENT 

A. The Contractor shall provide equipment for heating and applying the bituminous material.

B. The distributor shall be so designed, equipped, maintained, and operated that bituminous

material at even heat may be applied:

1. Uniformly on variable widths of surface up to 14 feet.

2. At readily determined and controlled rates from 0.05 to 2.0 gallons per square yard

with uniform pressure.

3. With an allowable variation from any specified rate not to exceed 0.02 gallon per

square yard.

C. Distributor equipment shall include a tachometer, pressure gauges, accurate volume

measurement devices or a calibrated tank, and thermometer for measuring temperatures

of tank contents.

D. Distributors shall be equipped with a power unit for the pump and full circulation spray

bars adjustable laterally and vertically.

E-4
405 TACK COAT 

405-2

405.03.02 WEATHER LIMITATIONS 

A. Application of bituminous material will not be permitted:

1. When the surface to be treated is damp or wet.

2. When weather conditions are unsuitable.

3. When the surface temperature is below 50 degrees F.

405.03.03 PREPARATION OF SURFACE 

A. The existing surface shall be patched and cleaned and be free of irregularities to provide a

smooth and uniform surface to receive the treatment.

B. The edges of existing pavements that will be adjacent to new pavement shall be cleaned

to permit the adhesion of bituminous materials.

C. Where the Contractor is applying tack upon a previously constructed course under the

contract, patching, cleaning, repairing, and so forth will be at no additional cost to the

Contracting Agency, unless otherwise provided. Comply with Subsection 104.04,

"Maintenance of Traffic," and Subsection 105.14, "Maintenance During

Construction."

D. Where the Contractor is applying tack upon a previously constructed course not a part of

the contract, and when there are no items or provisions to pay for preparing the existing

surface, the Contractor shall be paid for such preparation under the provisions of

Subsection 104.03, "Extra Work."

405.03.04 APPLICATION OF ASPHALTIC EMULSION 

A. The asphaltic emulsion shall be uniformly applied at the rate called for on the plans or

ordered by the Engineer.

B. The temperature of the material to be spread at the time of application shall conform to

Table 1 of Subsection 406.03.04, "Application of Bituminous Material."

C. The tack coat shall be applied so as to offer the least inconvenience to traffic and to

permit one-way traffic without pickup or tracking of the bituminous material.

1. Tack coat shall be applied only so far in advance that it will be covered during the

following 36 hours.

2. The tack coat shall be completely "broke" prior to being covered.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 

405.04.01 MEASUREMENT 

A. The quantity of bituminous material to be measured for payment will be the number of

tons conforming to all the requirements in the completed work.

B. Bituminous material diluted as prescribed shall be measured in square yard, or tons of the

diluted mixture acceptably applied to the surface.

C. All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement

of Quantities."

E-5
TACK COAT 405 

405-3

BASIS OF PAYMENT 

405.05.01 PAYMENT 

A. The accepted quantity of bituminous material measured as provided in

Subsection 405.04.01, "Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per

square yard or ton.

B. The unit bid price shall be full compensation for furnishing the material, mixing, loading,

hauling, placing, and incidentals necessary for doing all the work involved in placing tack

coat, as shown on the plans or established by the Engineer, all in accordance with

Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

C. The Contracting Agency reserves the right to increase or to omit all or any part of the

estimated amount of bituminous material to be used and no adjustment in unit price shall

be allowed by reason of such increase or decrease.

D. When an item for Tack Coat does not appear in the proposal, tack coat will be considered

as incidental to the subsequent paving and compensation shall be included in the contract

prices for other items of work.

E. Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT 

Emulsified Asphalt Tack Coat (Type) (diluted).........................................................Ton, Square Yard 

E-6
406

406-1 

SECTION 406

PRIME COAT

DESCRIPTION

406.01.01 GENERAL

A. This work shall consist of preparing and treating an existing aggregate base with 

bituminous material, and blotter material, if required, in accordance with these 

specifications and in conformity with the lines shown on the plans or established by the 

Engineer. 

MATERIAL

406.02.01 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL

1. Unless otherwise specified,the bituminous material shall be ”Eprime,” “TopeinS,” or 

other equivalent material approved by the Engineer.

B. The bituminous material shall meet the applicable requirements of the vendor. 

C. The bituminous material may be conditionally accepted at the source.

406.02.02 SAND BLOTTER

A. Sand blotter shall meet the requirements of Subsection 705.03.06, "Sand Blotter." The 

material may be accepted in the stockpile at the source.

CONSTRUCTION

406.03.01 EQUIPMENT

A. The Contractor shall provide equipment for heating and applying the bituminous material 

and for applying blotter material.

B. The equipment shall meet the requirements of Subsection 405.03.01, "Equipment."

406.03.02 WEATHER LIMITATIONS

A. Bituminous material shall not be applied: 

1. On a wet surface that has free-standing water. 

2. When the atmospheric temperature is below 50 degrees F. 

3. When weather conditions, in the opinion of the Engineer, would prevent the proper 

construction of the prime coat.

406.03.03 PREPARATION OF SURFACE

A. The surface upon which the bituminous prime coat is to be placed shall conform to the 

established lines and grades, shall be smooth and uniform, and shall be compacted to the 

required density.

B. If the required density deteriorates between the time the gravel course was compacted 

originally and the time the prime coat is placed, for any reason whatsoever, then the 

E-7
406 PRIME COAT

406-2

surface shall be recompacted to the required density at no additional cost to the 

Contracting Agency. 

C. When required by the Engineer, an application of water shall be applied immediately

before bituminous application.

406.03.04 APPLICATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIAL

A. Bituminous material shall be applied to the width of the section to be primed by means of

a pressure distributor in a uniform, continuous spread.

1. When traffic is maintained, not more than 1/2 of the width of the section shall be

treated in one application.

2. Care shall be taken that the application of bituminous material at the junctions of

spreads is not in excess of the specified amount.

3. Excess bituminous material shall be squeegeed from the surface.

4. Skipped areas or deficiencies shall be corrected.

B. When traffic is maintained, 1-way traffic shall be permitted on the untreated portion of the

roadbed.

C. As soon as the bituminous material has been absorbed by the surface and will not pick

up, traffic shall be transferred to the treated portion and the remaining width of the section

shall be primed.

D. Application rate shall be in accordance with the vendor recommendation. The Contractor

shall provide to the Engineer the Contractor’s calculations for the application rate that was

applied.

E. The minimum temperature requirement for TopeinS and Eprime placement is 50 degrees

(°F) and rising, or as approved by the Engineer. The temperature requirements pertaining

to the application of other liquid asphalts and asphaltic emulsions shall conform to the

requirements of the following Table 1:

TABLE 1

SPRAYING TEMPERATURES OF LIQUID ASPHALTS

AND ASPHALTIC EMULSIONS

Grade & Type

RC, MC, & SC

Distributor Spraying Temperatures

Minimum Maximum

°F °F

70 120 180

255 165 220

800 200 255

3000 235 290

Grade of Asphalt 

Emulsion

RS-1, CRS -1 75 130

RS-2, CRS-2 110 160

SS-1, CSS-1 75 130

SS-1h, CSS-1h 75 130

CMS-2S 100 160

E-8
PRIME COAT 406

406-3

406.03.05 APPLICATION OF BLOTTER MATERIAL

A. If, after the application of the prime coat, the bituminous material fails to penetrate within

24 hours, blotter material may be spread in the amounts required to absorb any excess

bituminous material.

B. Excess sand blotter shall be removed prior to the placement of the subsequent courses.

406.03.06 MAINTENANCE

A. All loose sand shall be completely removed from the treated areas before placing any

pavement or surfacing material thereon.

B. Immediately in advance of placing asphalt concrete or asphalt concrete base, additional

prime coat shall be applied as directed by the Engineer to areas where the prime coat has

been damaged, and loose or extraneous material shall be removed, and no additional

compensation will be allowed therefor.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 

406.04.01 MEASUREMENT

A. The quantity of bituminous material to be measured for payment will be the number of

square yards or the number of tons conforming to all the requirements in the completed

work.

B. The quantity of sand blotter measured for payment will be the number of tons conforming

to all the requirements in the completed work.

C. All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement

of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT

406.05.01 PAYMENT

A. The accepted quantity of materials measured as provided in Subsection 406.04.01,

"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per ton or square yard for

bituminous material and per ton for sand blotter.

B. When sand blotter is not included in the proposal and it is needed to protect the work or

public traffic, sand blotter shall be considered subsidiary to other items of work and no

additional compensation will be allowed.

C. The above prices shall be full compensation for furnishing the material, mixing, loading,

hauling, placing, and incidentals necessary for doing all of the work involved in placing

prime coat and sand blotter as shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

D. The Contracting Agency reserves the right to increase or to omit all or any part of the

estimated amount of blotter material or bituminous material to be used and no adjustment

in unit price will be allowed by reason of such increase or decrease.

E. When an item for prime coat does not appear in the proposals, but is shown on the plans

or Standard Drawings, prime coat will be considered as incidental to the subsequent

paving and compensation shall be included in the contract prices for other items of work.

F. All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

G. Payment will be made under:

E-9
406 PRIME COAT

406-4

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

Liquid Asphalt Prime Coat (Type)............................................................................. Ton, Square Yard

Sand Blotter ...................................................................................................................................Ton

E-10
407 

407-1

SECTION 407 

SEAL COAT 

DESCRIPTION 

407.01.01 GENERAL 

A. This work shall consist of an application of bituminous material on a compacted and

bonded bituminous surface and blotter sand, if required, in accordance with these

specifications and in conformity with the lines shown on the plans or established by the

Engineer.

MATERIAL 

407.02.01 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 

A. Unless otherwise specified in the Special Provisions, the type and grade of bituminous

material shall be SS-1h or CSS-1h asphalt emulsion. The grade may be changed by the

Engineer during construction.

B. The bituminous material shall meet the applicable requirements of Section 703,

"Bituminous Materials." The bituminous material may be conditionally accepted at the

source.

C. The emulsion shall be cut back by warm water. Water shall be added to the emulsion in

the quantity of 50 percent of the emulsion by weight.

407.02.02 SAND BLOTTER 

Sand blotter shall meet the requirements of Subsection 705.03.06, "Sand Blotter." The 

material may be accepted in stockpile at the source. 

CONSTRUCTION 

407.03.01 EQUIPMENT 

A. The Contractor shall provide equipment for heating and applying the bituminous material

and for applying blotter material. The equipment shall meet the requirements of

Subsection 405.03.01, "Equipment."

407.03.02 WEATHER LIMITATIONS 

A. Bituminous material shall not be applied:

1. On a wet surface.

2. When the surface temperature is below 50 degrees F.

3. When weather conditions, in the opinion of the Engineer, would prevent the proper

construction of the seal coat.

407.03.03 PREPARATION OF SURFACE 

A. Immediately before applying the bituminous material, the surface to be sealed shall be

thoroughly cleaned of all dirt and loose material by sweeping with power brooms

supplemented by hand brooms if necessary.

E-11
407 SEAL COAT 

407-2

B. The process of cleaning shall continue until dirt and loose material are removed from the

entire width of the surfacing.

407.03.04 APPLICATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 

A. Bituminous material shall not be spread later in the day than will permit the stopping of

traffic control prior to darkness.

B. Bituminous material shall be applied to only one designated traffic lane at a time and the

entire width of the lane shall be covered in one operation.

C. The bituminous material shall be uniformly applied at the rate called for on the plans or

ordered by the Engineer.

D. The temperature of the bituminous material shall conform to the applicable requirements

of Subsection 406.03.04, "Application of Bituminous Material."

E. The seal coat shall be applied in a manner to offer the least inconvenience to traffic and to

permit 1-way traffic without pickup or tracking of the bituminous material.

F. When seal and screenings are to be applied to the central portion of the pavement, the

shoulder seal coat shall be applied at least 4 days in advance of the application of the

adjacent surface treatment requiring screenings, and the seal coats shall be applied so

that the joints between the 2 types will present a neat and uniform appearance true to the

line shown on the typical cross section and as established by the Engineer.

407.03.05 APPLICATION OF BLOTTER MATERIAL 

A. The applicable requirements of Section 406, "Prime Coat," shall apply to this section

when sand blotter is required.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 

407.04.01 MEASUREMENT 

A. The quantity of bituminous material to be measured for payment will be the number of

tons or square yards conforming to all the requirements in the completed work.

B. All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement

of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT 

407.05.01 PAYMENT 

A. The accepted quantity of material measured as provided in Subsection 407.04.01,

"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per ton or square yard for

bituminous material.

B. The above price shall be full compensation for furnishing the material, loading, hauling,

placing, and incidentals necessary for doing all the work involved in placing seal coat as

shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

C. The Contracting Agency reserves the right to increase or to omit all or any part of the

estimated amount of bituminous material to be used and no adjustment in unit price shall

be allowed by reason of such increase or decrease.

D. Sand blotter will be paid for in accordance with Section 406, "Prime Coat."

E-12
SEAL COAT 407 

407-3

A. When an item for seal coat does not appear in the proposal, but it is shown on the plans

or Standard Drawings, seal coat will be considered as incidental to the subsequent paving

and compensation be included in the contract prices for other items of work.

B. All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

C. Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT 

Emulsified Asphalt Seal Coat (Type)........................................................................Ton, Square Yard 

E-13
408 

408-1 

SECTION 408 

PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - CHIP SEAL 

DESCRIPTION 

408.01.01 GENERAL 

A. This work shall consist of an application of bituminous material and cover of screenings 

applied on a previously compacted and bonded bituminous surface, in accordance with 

these specifications and in conformity with the lines shown on the plans or established by 

the Engineer. 

MATERIAL 

408.02.01 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 

A. The type and grade of bituminous material will be specified in the contract. The grade 

may be changed by the Engineer during construction. 

B. The bituminous material shall comply with Section 703, "Bituminous Materials." The 

bituminous material may be conditionally accepted at the source. 

408.02.02 SCREENINGS 

A. Screenings shall comply with Subsection 705.03.05, "Screenings" for the size specified. 

Comply with Subsection 106.04, "Samples and Tests."

CONSTRUCTION 

408.03.01 DISTRIBUTORS 

A. The distributor shall comply with Subsection 405.03.01, "Equipment."

408.03.02 AGGREGATE SPREADER 

A. The aggregate spreader shall be self-propelled and supported by at least 4 wheels 

equipped with pneumatic tires on 2 axles. 

B. The aggregate spreader shall be equipped with positive control so that the required 

amount of material will be deposited uniformly over the full width of the bituminous 

material. 

408.03.03 ROLLING AND COMPACTION 

A. There shall be operating with each aggregate spreader at least 1 pneumatic-tired roller. 

B. Rollers shall meet the following requirements: 

1. The rollers shall be pneumatic-tired rollers and shall consist of not less than 

9 wheels equipped with pneumatic tires of equal size and diameter mounted on 

2 axles. 

2. Axles shall be attached to a rigid frame equipped with a loading platform or body 

suitable for ballast loading, so that the total weight of the roller can be varied to 

produce an operating weight per tire of between 1,000 and 2,000 pounds. 

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408 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - CHIP SEAL 

408-2

3. The tire treads, rear tire spacing, tire inflation, and tire size shall be approved by the

Engineer.

C. Rolling with a pneumatic-tired roller shall begin immediately after the distribution of the

screenings and continue until the aggregate is properly sealed in the binder.

1. As soon as the asphalt has achieved a definite set, rolling shall be discontinued

unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.

2. Rollers shall begin at the outer edge of the treatment and proceed in a longitudinal

direction, working toward the center of the road.

3. Each pass shall overlap the previous pass by about 1/2 the width of the front

wheels.

4. All rollers shall be in good condition and the reversing mechanism so maintained

that the roller is capable of changing directions smoothly.

408.03.04 WEATHER LIMITATIONS 

A. Bituminous material shall not be spread when:

1. Weather conditions are unsuitable.

2. The atmospheric temperature is below 65 degrees F.

3. The pavement temperature is below 80 degrees F.

408.03.05 MAINTAINING TRAFFIC 

A. Where public traffic is being routed over a surface upon which a surface treatment is to be

applied, the surface treatment shall not be applied to more than 1/2 the width of the

traveled way at a time, and the remaining half-width shall be kept free of obstructions and

open for use by public traffic at all times until the surface treatment first applied is ready

for use by traffic.

B. Traffic will not be allowed on the newly placed bituminous material and screenings until, in

the opinion of the Engineer, the screenings and bituminous material have sufficiently set

and bonded to prevent displacement by such traffic.

C. When the newly completed surface treatment is open to traffic, the traffic shall be

controlled by use of flagmen and a pilot car for a period of 6 hours or for such time as

deemed necessary by the Engineer as follows:

1. A flagman shall be stationed at the beginning of each newly completed section open

to traffic, to stop oncoming traffic preparatory to piloting operations, and shall be

kept on duty during the entire control period.

2. Traffic control as described above shall be moved ahead progressively as the newly

completed surface is open to traffic.

408.03.06 PREPARATION OF SURFACE 

A. Immediately before applying the bituminous material, the surface to be treated shall be

thoroughly cleaned of all dirt and loose material by sweeping with power brooms,

supplemented by hand brooms if necessary.

B. The process of cleaning shall continue until the surfacing is exposed and all dirt and loose

material is removed from the entire width of surfacing.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - CHIP SEAL 408 

408-3

408.03.07 APPLICATION OF BITUMINOUS MATERIAL 

A. Bituminous material shall be applied by means of a pressure distributor in a uniform,

continuous spread over the section to be treated.

1. The temperature of the bituminous material shall conform to Subsection 406.03.04,

"Application of Bituminous Material."

2. The quantity of bituminous material to be used per square yard shall be as directed.

3. If the texture of the surface is such that bituminous material penetrates too rapidly, a

preliminary application of from 0.05 to 0.10 gallon per square yard of surface may

be required.

4. A strip of building paper at least 3 feet in width and with a length equal to that of the

spray bar of the distributor plus 1 foot shall be used at the beginning of each spread.

5. If the cutoff is not positive, the use of paper may be required at the end of each

spread.

6. The paper shall be removed and disposed of in a satisfactory manner.

B. The distributor shall be moving forward at proper application speed at the time the spray

bar is opened.

1. Any skipped areas or deficiencies shall be corrected.

2. Junctions of spread shall be carefully made to ensure a smooth riding surface.

C. The length of spread of bituminous material shall not be in excess of that which trucks

loaded with screenings can immediately cover.

D. The spread of bituminous material shall not be more than 6 inches wider than the width

covered by the screenings from the spreading device. Under no circumstances shall

operations proceed in such manner that bituminous material will be allowed to chill, set

up, dry, or otherwise impair retention of the screenings.

E. The distributor, when not spreading, shall be parked so that the spray bar or mechanism

will not drip bituminous materials on the surface of the traveled way.

408.03.08 APPLICATION OF SCREENINGS 

A. Immediately following the application of the bituminous material, screenings shall be

spread at the required rate per square yard.

B. To avoid building a longitudinal joint when spreading screenings on the first width of

bituminous material, no screenings shall be applied within 6 inches of the edge adjacent

to the next application of bituminous material.

C. To eliminate dust film, screenings shall be moistened with water before applied. In

spreading the screenings, the equipment used shall be so operated that the fresh

bituminous material will be covered before equipment wheels come upon it.

D. Asphaltic emulsion applied to the road surface shall be covered with screenings before

setting or breaking occurs.

1. After the screenings have been spread upon the bituminous material, any piles,

ridges, or uneven distribution shall be carefully removed with flat bottom shovels, or

other approved methods, to ensure against permanent ridges or bumps in the

completed surface.

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408 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - CHIP SEAL 

408-4

2. Additional screenings shall be spread by hand in whatever quantities required to

prevent picking up by the rollers or traffic.

E. After the application of the screenings, the surface, where specified, shall be lightly

broomed or otherwise maintained as directed for a period of 4 days or as directed.

1. Maintenance of the surface shall include the distribution of screenings over the

surface to absorb any free bituminous material and cover any area deficient in

screenings.

2. The maintenance shall be conducted so as not to displace embedded material.

Excess material shall be swept off and removed at the time determined by the

Engineer.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 

408.04.01 MEASUREMENT 

A. The quantity of bituminous material to be measured for payment will be the number of

tons or the number of square yards conforming to all the requirements in the completed

work.

B. The quantity of screenings measured for payment will be the number of tons or square

yards conforming to all the requirements in the completed work.

C. All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement

of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT 

408.05.01 PAYMENT 

A. The accepted quantity of materials measured as provided in Subsection 408.04.01,

"Measurement," will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per ton or square yard for

bituminous material and per ton or square yard for screenings.

B. The above prices shall be full compensation for furnishing the material, mixing, loading,

hauling, placing, rolling, sweeping, and incidentals necessary for doing all the work involved

in placing bituminous material and screenings, as shown on the plans or established by the

Engineer.

C. The Contracting Agency reserves the right to increase or to omit all or any part of the

estimated amount of screening or bituminous material to be used, and no adjustment in

unit price shall be allowed for such increase or decrease.

D. Flagmen and pilot cars will be paid for in accordance with Section 624,

"Accommodations for Public Traffic."

E. All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, "Scope of Payment."

F. Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT 

Emulsified Asphalt (Type).............................................................................................Ton, Square Yard 

Screenings....................................................................................................................Ton, Square Yard 

E-17
412 

412-1

SECTION 412 

PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

DESCRIPTION 

412.01.01 GENERAL 

A. This work shall consist of the application of a mixture of mineral aggregate, emulsified

asphalt, water, and additives on a previously compacted and bonded bituminous surface,

in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines shown on the

plans or established by the Engineer.

MATERIALS 

412.02.01 ASPHALT EMULSION 

A. The asphalt emulsion shall be LMCQS-1h.

B. Each shipment of emulsified asphalt shall be accompanied with a certificate of analysis/

compliance from the manufacturer.

C. When the daily high ambient temperature is below 80 degrees F, the Contractor shall

chemically modify the emulsion to accelerate the break and set times.

D. The emulsion modifier shall be adjusted at the emulsion manufacturer’s facility.

E. The asphalt emulsion shall comply with Section 703, "Bituminous Materials."

412.02.02 POLYMER MODIFIERS 

A. The polymer modifier shall be either a solid synthetic rubber or latex material.

B. The polymer modifier shall be combined with the emulsion by co-milling with the

manufacture of the asphalt emulsion at a minimum rate of 3 percent polymer solids by

weight of the base asphalt in the emulsion prior to loading at the emulsion plant.

C. If the contract includes quantities for conventional slurry seal, the polymer modified

emulsion shall be compatible with the mix design developed for the conventional slurry seal.

412.02.03 COMMERCIAL MINERAL FILLER 

A. The mineral filler shall be considered a part of the mineral aggregate and shall comply

with Section 705, “Aggregates for Bituminous Courses.”

B. The quantity of filler shall be determined by the job mix design. Filler shall be used for

one or more of the following reasons only:

1. To improve the gradation of the aggregate.

2. To provide improved stability and workability of the slurry.

3. To increase the durability of the cured slurry.

412.02.04 CARBON BLACK 

A. If specified, carbon black shall be added to the slurry seal mixture at a minimum 2 percent

to maximum 3 percent based on the weight of the emulsion.

B. The product shall be MonoChem perma-black 115A, 2847A, or equal as approved by the

Engineer:

E-18
412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-2

Specifications Tolerances

Total Solids 40-44

Percent Black by Weight 35-37

Type Black Medium furnace color

412.02.05 SET CONTROL ADDITIVE 

A. The set control additive shall be aluminum sulfate, or Portland Type I/II cement, or other

approved additive previously included in the mix design.

B. The quantity of set control additive shall be field adjusted to provide the specified mix

properties.

412.02.06 WATER 

A. Water for the slurry mixture shall conform to Section 722, "Water," and be clear, potable,

free from harmful soluble salts, and compatible with the slurry mixture.

412.02.07 MINERAL AGGREGATE 

A. The mineral aggregate shall conform to the specified contract gradations for ISSA Type I,

Type II, or Type III.

B. Mineral aggregate shall be 100 percent manufactured crushed stone that is free from dirt,

organic matter, clay balls, adherent films of clay, dust, or other objectionable matter.

C. The parent rock used in the manufacturing shall have a normal size greater than 1/2 inch

and shall comply with Section 705, “Aggregates for Bituminous Courses.”

D. Aggregate sources may be required to be evaluated for use based upon petrographic

examination in accordance with ASTM C295. Such tests shall be at no additional cost to

the Contracting Agency.

CONSTRUCTION 

412.03.01 SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING MIXTURES 

A. Slurry Seal Mixtures:

1. The slurry seal shall consist of a mixture of emulsified asphalt; mineral aggregate;

mineral filler and carbon black, if required; set control additive; and water.

2. The mixture shall conform to ISSA Type I, Type II, and Type III gradations.

3. The mix shall be in accordance with this section and in accordance with Section 703,

”Bituminous Materials,” Section 705, ”Aggregates for Bituminous Courses,”

and Section 722, “Water.”

4. The mixture shall be proportioned, mixed, and spread evenly on a prepared surface

in accordance with these specifications or as directed by the Engineer.

5. The completed slurry seal shall leave a homogeneous mat, adhere firmly to the

prepared surface, and have a friction-resistant surface texture throughout its service life.

B. Microsurfacing Mixtures:

1. Mixtures shall be capable of being spread in varying cross sections (wedges, wheel

path depressions, leveling courses, and surfaces) which, after curing and initial

E-19
PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-3

traffic consolidation, resist compaction throughout the entire design tolerance range 

of bitumen content and the various thicknesses encountered. 

2. The blended mixture shall have proper workability during lay-down and shall permit

traffic loading within 1 hour after placement, without the occurrence of bleeding,

raveling, separation, or other distresses.

C. Prior to the start of work, the Contractor shall place 2 test sections of at least 1,500 square

yards each, for each mix to be used, in an area designated by the Engineer.

1. The test section shall be placed using the same equipment, methods, and mixes as

scheduled for use on the Contract.

2. At these test sections, the Contractor shall also satisfactorily demonstrate the

equipment and procedure intended for the removal of oil deposits from the

pavement surface.

3. The test sections will be evaluated for a minimum of 3 days after placement under

traffic and normal usage.

4. If a test section proves to be unsatisfactory, the necessary adjustments to the mix

design, equipment, and placement methods shall be made.

5. Additional test sections, as required, shall be constructed and evaluated for

conformance to the specifications.

6. The 2 initial test sections, if acceptable, will be paid for at the contract unit price.

D. When the test sections do not conform to the specification requirements, the slurry seal

shall be removed at no additional cost to the Contracting Agency.

1. No compensation will be made for reapplication or additional test sections required

due to unsatisfactory work or material.

2. Initiation of work on the project streets shall not begin without the Engineer’s

approval of test sections.

E. The equipment, tools, and machines needed in the performance of the work shall be

provided by the Contractor, shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer, and shall be

maintained in a satisfactory working condition at all times.

F. Job Mix Design:

1. No slurry or microsurfacing mixture shall be placed until mix design(s) submitted by

the Contractor have been approved by the Engineer.

2. Sources of all materials shall be selected prior to the time when the mix design is

prepared and the materials are required to be used in the work.

3. The exact proportions used in the preparation of the slurry seal or microsurfacing

shall be determined by a testing laboratory, experienced in slurry seal and

microsurfacing mix design procedures, and approved by the Engineer.

4. Mix design preparation shall conform to Section 703, “Bituminous Materials,” and

shall be at no additional cost to the Contracting Agency.

5. The approved mixture shall be homogenous and sufficiently stable during the entire

mixing and spreading period so that:

a. The emulsion does not break prematurely.

b. There is no segregation of the fines from the coarser aggregate.

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412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-4

c. The liquid portion of the mix does not float to the surface.

6. The amount and type of asphalt emulsion to be blended with aggregate shall be

determined by the laboratory mix design.

7. The set control additive shall be introduced into the slurry mix by an approved

method that will ensure uniform distribution and proper control. The exact amount

shall be determined by conditions in the field and indicated in the mix design.

8. A minimum amount of water, added as specified by the Engineer, shall be used as

necessary to obtain a workable and homogeneous mixture.

9. The slurry mixture shall show no signs of uncoated aggregate or premature

breaking of emulsion when applied to the pavement surface.

G. Sampling and Testing:

1. Suitably sized samples of aggregate, bituminous material, and mineral filler shall be

submitted, when required by the Engineer, for approval not less than 10 days before

the work starts. All samples of materials shall be supplied by the Contractor at no

additional cost to the Contracting Agency.

2. All tests deemed necessary by the Contracting Agency to determine conformance

with requirements specified shall be performed without cost to the Contractor.

3. Additional samples of materials shall be furnished as directed by the Engineer

during progress of the work.

4. The aggregate manufacturer shall produce and stockpile each specified gradation of

aggregate in 500-ton lots. The first lot of material shall be sampled and tested by the

Engineer.

5. Certification of Lot 1 shall be based upon the averaged test values from 5 samples.

a. The approved gradation of Lot 1 shall be the “job target gradation.”

b. The stockpile tolerance identified in Section 705, “Aggregates for

Bituminous Courses,” shall be applied to this gradation.

6. Each successive lot of 500 tons shall be sampled and tested once.

a. When the “job target gradation” has been tested and accepted, the Contractor

shall continuously manufacture the aggregate until the total estimated quantity

is produced, tested, and accepted.

b. The Contractor shall not receive compensation for unused aggregate.

c. The approved lots of aggregate shall be stockpiled in a secured area,

protected from contamination, and reserved for use on this contract.

7. If it is established that a satisfactory mixture meeting the requirements specified

herein cannot be produced from the materials furnished, the materials shall be

rejected and the Contractor shall submit new samples.

412.03.02 PREPARATION OF SURFACE 

A. At least two weeks prior to cleaning and slurry sealing the streets, an application of

Pramitol 25E herbicide as distributed by Universal Cooperatives, Inc., Minneapolis, MN

55440, or an equal product as approved by the Engineer, shall be applied to all vegetation

within the limits of curb flow line to curb flow line.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-5

1. At the direction of the Engineer, multiple applications of herbicide may be required

to ensure complete kill of vegetation.

2. No additional compensation will be made for multiple applications of herbicide.

3. Extreme care shall be used when placing the herbicide to ensure that it is not

allowed to go beyond the intended limits.

4. The Contractor shall be responsible for licenses required and for damage to any

plant or animal caused by the Contractor’s operations.

B. Immediately prior to applying the slurry seal, the existing pavement surface shall be

cleaned of all silt deposits, oil spots, vegetation, and all loose or objectionable material.

C. At the direction of the Engineer, if the pavement cracks have not been previously sealed,

the loose material in cracks shall be removed as follows:

1. Compressed Air: 90 psi at the nozzle immediately before sweeping or vacuuming

operations.

2. Pressurized Water: Not greater than 1,000 psi at the nozzle prior to sweeping or

vacuuming operations. The cracks may be damp but shall not have freestanding

water in the crack.

3. All surface debris from the crack cleaning process shall be thoroughly cleaned prior

to placement of slurry seal. Payment for crack cleaning shall be by force account.

4. In urban areas, the surface shall be cleaned with a self-propelled pick-up sweeper.

In rural areas, power brooms may be used.

5. Water flushing will be permitted by approval of the Engineer when normal sweeping

will not adequately remove debris from the surface. If water flushing is approved,

the pavement shall be dry before the slurry seal is applied.

D. Areas impregnated with grease, oil, or fuel shall be cleaned by grinding.

1. Traffic paint not tightly bonded to the surface and any thermoplastic markings shall

also be removed.

2. The grinding machine used to remove the existing bituminous surface, paint, and

pavement markings shall meet the following requirements:

a. Be a hydrostatically powered mandrel type device.

b. The mandrel shall be studded with a minimum of 72 cutter bits to provide a

pavement texture acceptable to the Engineer.

c. Bits shall have tungsten carbide tips in forged steel holders and be conical in

shape.

d. The mandrel device shall have a minimum cutting width of 24 inches and a

variable cutting depth of zero to 4 inches.

3. Areas inaccessible to the grinder shall be treated and prepared with an alternate

method approved by the Engineer.

4. The debris produced by the grinding machine or other method shall be immediately

removed from the pavement surface and disposed of at an acceptable location.

5. The Contractor shall protect existing facilities (i.e., concrete, valve boxes, manholes,

and so forth).

6. Damaged facilities shall be replaced at the direction of the Engineer and at no

additional cost to the Contracting Agency.

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412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-6

E. The Engineer shall give final approval that the surface has been properly prepared prior to

the application of the slurry. This approval shall not relieve the Contractor from

responsibility as outlined above.

F. Prior to application of the slurry or microsurfacing, manholes, valve boxes, drop inlets,

and other service entrances shall be protected by covering with paper, plastic, or other

suitable material approved by the Engineer. The paper shall be held in place with spray

glue or tape and removed within 24 hours after slurry seal has cured.

G. Raised pavement markers not scheduled for reinstallation shall be covered, washed off, or

protected from the slurry by a method approved by the Engineer.

412.03.03 MIXING UNIT 

A. The slurry seal or microsurfacing shall be mixed and applied with a machine designed and

manufactured to lay the mixture.

B. Self-loading mixing units shall not be used on roadway right-of-way widths of 60 feet or

less.

C. The mixing machine shall meet the following requirements:

1. A continuous flow mixing unit, automatically sequenced.

2. Capable of delivering accurately predetermined proportions of aggregate, water,

and asphalt emulsion to a revolving multi-blade, double-shafted, spiraled mixer tank.

3. Capable of discharging the thoroughly mixed product on a continuous basis.

4. Equipped with a hydraulically controlled steel pugmill gate for positive discharge

operations. Discharge from the pugmill shall be controlled by a chute or other

suitable mechanical device.

5. Equipped with a metering system to accurately meter all liquids by volume by the

use of flow meters reading gallons per minute. The flow of the liquids shall be

consistent and precise and feed into the pugmill in the proportions outlined in the

mix design.

6. Equipped with a temperature-indicating device installed in the emulsion tank at the

emulsion pump suction line level.

7. Capable of thoroughly blending all ingredients together without violent action.

8. Equipped with an approved fines feeder that provides an accurate metering device

or method of introducing a predetermined proportion of mineral filler into the mixer

as the aggregate is fed in. The fines feeder shall be used when mineral filler is part

of the aggregate blend.

9. Equipped with a water pressure system and fog type spray bar.

10. Capable of mixing materials at preset proportions regardless of the speed of

machine and without changing machine settings.

D. Each mixing unit to be used in performance of the work shall be calibrated prior to

construction.

1. Previous calibration documentation covering the exact materials to be used may be

accepted provided they were made during the current calendar year.

2. The documentation shall include an individual calibration for each type of material to

be used on the project.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-7

E. The Contractor shall ensure that all equipment used to transport materials and mixing

units on public roadways comply with Nevada Revised Statutes Sections 484.764 through

484.771. If special use permits are required, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer

with copies.

F. Slurry Seal Spreader Box:

1. The slurry seal shall be spread with a box specifically designed to place slurry seal.

2. The mixture shall be spread uniformly by means of a conventional slurry seal

surfacing spreader box attached to the mixer.

3. Front, rear, and side seals shall be provided to ensure no loss of the mixture at the

pavement contact point. The rear seal shall be provided to act as a final strike-off

and shall be adjustable.

4. The spreader box and rear strike-off shall be so designed and operated that a uniform

consistency is achieved to produce a free flow of material to the rear strike-off.

5. Augers within the box may be required due the consistency of the material and the

pavement slope. The spreader box shall have suitable means provided to side shift

the box to compensate for variations in the pavement geometry.

6. A burlap drag or other approved material shall be attached to the rear of the spreader

box to provide a uniform, highly textured mat. If used, the burlap drag shall be clean,

flexible, and not leave drag or scour marks in the finished slurry seal surface.

7. The spreader box shall be kept clean and buildup of asphalt and aggregate on the

box shall not be permitted.

G. Microsurfacing Spreader Box:

1. The microsurfacing shall be placed with a spreader box specifically designed to

place microsurfacing. Conventional slurry seal boxes will not be allowed to spread

microsurfacing.

2. Attached to the mixer machine shall be a mechanical spreader box capable of

placing the microsurfacing at a minimum width of 12 feet and preventing the loss of

microsurfacing materials from the box.

3. The spreader box shall have baffles, reversible hydraulic motor driven augers, or

paddles to ensure uniform application on superelevated sections and shoulder slopes.

4. The mixture shall be agitated and spread uniformly within the spreader box by

means of twin shafted paddles or spiral augers fixed within the spreader box.

5. Spreader box skids shall be a minimum of 6 feet in length and maintained in such a

manner as to prevent chatter (washboarding of the surface) in the finished mat.

6. The spreader box shall have suitable means provided to side shift the box to

compensate for variations in the pavement geometry.

7. The spreader box shall have a series of strike-off devices at the rear of the box:

a. The leading strike-off device shall meet the following requirements:

1) Fabricated of steel, stiff rubber, or other suitable material.

2) Designed to maintain close contact with the pavement during spreading

operations.

3) Shall obtain the uniform thickness required.

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412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-8

4) Shall be capable of being adjusted to the various pavement cross

sections for the application of a uniform microsurfacing finished surface.

b. The final strike-off device shall meet the following requirements:

1) Fabricated of flexible material suitable for the intended use.

2) Shall be designed and operated to ensure that a uniform texture is

achieved in the finished surface of the microsurfacing.

3) Shall have the same type of adjustments as the spreader box.

8. The final strike-off shall be cleaned daily and changed if problems with longitudinal

drag marks or scouring occur.

9. The spreader box shall be kept clean and buildup of asphalt and aggregate on the

box shall not be permitted.

H. Rut Filling Box:

1. When required in the specifications, before the final surface course is placed with

the spreader box, preliminary microsurfacing may be required to fill ruts, utility cuts,

depressions in the existing surface, and so forth.

2. Ruts of 1/2 inch or greater in depth shall be filled independently with a rut-filling

spreader box, either 5 feet or 6 feet in width.

3. For irregular or shallow rutting of less than 1/2 inch in depth, a full-width scratchcoat pass may be used as directed by the Engineer.

4. Ruts that are in excess of 1-1/2 inches in depth may require multiple placements

with the rut-filling spreader box to restore the cross-section.

5. All rut-filling level-up material shall cure under traffic for at least a 24-hour period

before additional material is placed on top of the level-up course.

6. The spreader box shall be kept clean and buildup of asphalt and aggregate on the

box shall not be permitted.

412.03.04 MIX PREPARATION 

A. The Contractor shall ensure that all oversized aggregate particles and other objectionable

matter is removed from the mineral aggregate utilized in the slurry mix.

B. At the direction of the Engineer, the aggregate shall be screened prior to loading into the

mixing unit.

1. Type I and II gradations shall be screened through a 3/8-inch screen.

2. Type III gradation shall be screened through a 1/2-inch screen.

3. With the approval of the Engineer, temporary use of screens attached to the

distributor box will be permitted.

C. The aggregate shall be moistened immediately prior to mixing with the emulsion.

412.03.05 WATER FOG 

A. Immediately prior to application of the slurry seal, the surface of the pavement and all

crack faces shall be moistened with a fog spray of water, applied at the rate of 0.02 to

0.05 gallon per square yard from the spray bar on the slurry seal machine.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-9

B. No free water shall be on the surface of the pavement following the fog spray.

C. Rate of application of the fog spray shall be adjusted during the day to suit pavement

temperatures, surface texture, humidity, and dryness of pavement surface.

412.03.06 APPLICATION 

A. Sufficient quantities of the slurry seal or microsurfacing mixture shall be fed into the

spreader box so that uniform and complete coverage of the pavement is obtained.

B. The mixing machine shall be operated at such a speed that the mixture in the spreader

box shall not exceed a total mixing time of 4 minutes and the volume shall remain essentially

constant.

C. The slurry seal shall be placed in accordance with the following:

Aggregate Application Rate 

(pounds per square yard) 

Type I 8-12

Type II 12-20

Type III 18-30

D. The application rate shall be adjusted for the surface texture of the pavement to ensure

effective embedment of the aggregate and the durability of the surface treatment.

E. The Contractor shall submit the following signed, written reports to the Engineer each

working day:

1. A report indicating the amount of aggregate and emulsion delivered, aggregate and

emulsion used on the project, and the amount of area in square yards completed.

2. A report indicating the percentage of emulsion used to aggregate used and the

application rate in pounds of aggregate applied per square yard of area covered.

This report will verify compliance with the mixture of materials to the mix design and

the specified aggregate application rate.

F. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer from the aggregate and emulsion suppliers an

original copy of the bill of lading daily for each delivery of material to be used on the

project. The Contractor shall submit with each emulsion bill of lading a certificate of

compliance from the emulsion supplier verifying that each delivery of emulsion is in

compliance with the contract requirements.

G. If uniform thickness cannot be met with one application due to irregularities in pavement

surface, multiple applications shall be made.

1. Where multiple applications are required, as determined by the Engineer, each

application shall be thoroughly cured before another application is placed.

2. Any additional applications will be paid at the unit price bid.

H. No streaks caused by oversized aggregate particles or buildup of slurry mix on squeegees

shall be left in the finished surface.

412.03.07 JOINTS 

A. The longitudinal joint between adjacent lanes shall have no visible lap, pinholes, or

uncovered areas.

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412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-10

B. Thick spots caused by overlapping shall be smoothed immediately with hand squeegees

before the emulsion breaks.

C. Overlaps that occur at transverse joints shall also be smoothed before the emulsion

breaks, to obtain a uniform surface with no discontinuities.

412.03.08 PRODUCTION 

A. The Contractor shall average a minimum of 20,000 square yards of material, in place, per

working day for work within the public right-of-way.

B. At the direction of the Engineer, parking lot applications, heavy application rates, and

areas not feasible to close entirely are excluded from the required production rate.

412.03.09 LINES 

A. Care shall be taken to ensure straight lines along curbs and shoulders.

B. No runoff on these areas will be permitted.

C. Lines at intersections shall be kept straight to provide a good appearance.

412.03.10 HANDWORK 

A. Approved hand squeegees, with burlap drags, shall be used to spread slurry in areas not

accessible to the slurry spreader box.

B. Care shall be exercised in leaving no unsightly appearance from handwork.

412.03.11 CURING 

A. Areas receiving slurry seal will be allowed to cure from 4 to 24 hours or until the treated

pavement will not be damaged by traffic.

B. Areas receiving microsurfacing shall be sufficiently cured to be open to traffic within

1 hour.

C. The Contractor shall protect the area for the full curing period with suitable barricades or

markers.

D. Areas that are damaged within 24 hours of application of slurry or prior to moving to new

work locations shall be repaired by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Contracting

Agency.

412.03.12 ROLLING 

A. Slurry seal placed on parking lots, alleys, or low traffic volume areas as determined by the

Engineer shall be compacted with a smooth pneumatic tire roller with a minimum weight of

4 tons.

B. The roller shall be equipped with a water tank and a sprinkler apparatus which shall be

used to keep the wheels damp and to prevent the adherence of slurry seal on the wheels

during the rolling process.

C. Steel wheel rollers may be used in a supplementary capacity when approved by the

Engineer.

D. Rolling shall start when the slurry seal/microsurfacing has set sufficiently to prevent any

pickup of material and rolled a minimum of 3 coverages by the roller or until a uniform

surface is obtained.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-11

412.03.13 WEATHER LIMITATIONS 

A. Slurry seal or microsurfacing shall be applied only when the atmospheric temperature is

65 degrees F and rising and when the temperature is not expected to fall below 60 degrees F

during working hours.

B. Application of slurry seal or microsurfacing when the atmospheric temperatures are

expected to exceed 105 degrees F will not be allowed.

C. The maximum and minimum temperatures may be adjusted by the Engineer.

D. High relative humidity or overcast conditions causing prolonged cure times or undesirable

color shall be cause for stopping the work.

412.03.14 MAINTAINING TRAFFIC 

A. The seal coat shall be applied to alternating streets to provide sufficient public parking for

those residents living on streets that have been closed.

1. Traffic will not be allowed on the newly placed bituminous material until, in the

opinion of the Engineer, the bituminous material has sufficiently set and bonded to

prevent damage by vehicular traffic.

2. Areas that are subject to an increased rate of sharp turning vehicles may require

additional time to allow for a more complete cure of the slurry seal mat to prevent

damage.

3. Street closures shall be opened as soon as the material has sufficiently set and

bonded.

B. The Contractor shall cooperate with and give written notice to all emergency agencies,

public entities, each home, homeowners' association, business, and school that will be

affected by any part of the construction process, particularly concerning temporary

interruptions to vehicular access. To accomplish the notification process, the Contractor

shall provide a minimum of 2 notifications:

1. The first written notice of the approximate schedule and explanation of the work

process shall be distributed at least 7 days prior to the commencement of work in

the area.

2. A second written notice shall be distributed at least 24 hours prior to construction to

remind all affected parties of the construction to take place.

C. The Contractor shall employ a qualified traffic control supervisor to be on-site locally at all

times when traffic control devices are being used or when notifications have been sent out.

412.03.15 TRAFFIC MARKINGS 

A. Prior to removal of street closure barricading, all raised pavement markers shall be exposed.

B. Temporary reflective polyurethane plastic marker tabs shall be installed prior to the application

of slurry seal on streets where permanent markings are scheduled for replacement.

C. Temporary traffic markings shall comply with Section 6, “Temporary Traffic Control," of the

MUTCD.

412.03.16 STORAGE OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 

A. Materials shall be stored in an area to prevent water saturation and contamination of

stockpiled aggregates.

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412 PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 

412-12

B. Written authorization to use private property to store equipment and materials shall be

obtained from the property owner and submitted prior to mobilization and use. The

Contractor shall also submit a letter of indemnification to the Contracting Agency and the

property owner.

412.03.17 CLEANUP 

A. All material swept or blown onto the sidewalks, all trash, all discarded slurry seal material,

and other refuse shall be collected on a daily basis, removed from the site, and disposed

of to a site approved by the Engineer.

B. All applied slurry seal/microsurfacing surfaces shall be swept by the Contractor with an

approved sweeper to remove any excess raveled material that becomes dislodged from

the street surface after 5 days.

1. Dislodged material from the street shall be disposed of to a site approved by the

Engineer.

2. Sweeping required beyond the initial 5-day cure due to normal raveling shall be paid

for under the appropriate bid item for sweeping.

412.03.18 CONTRACTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PUBLIC 

A. The Contractor shall be responsible for answering and resolving any conflicts that may

arise between a homeowner or business owner and the Contractor during the construction

process.

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 

412.04.01 MEASUREMENT 

A. The quantity of slurry seal or microsurfacing measured for payment will be the number of

square yards of Type I, Type II, or Type III material applied and conforming to all the

requirements of the completed work.

B. Surface preparation prior to the application of slurry seal or microsurfacing shall be the

number of hours spent performing grinding operations.

C. Ravel sweeping, including disposal of excess material, shall be based on the number of

hours spent sweeping at the direction of the Engineer.

D. All measurements will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.01, "Measurement

of Quantities."

BASIS OF PAYMENT 

412.05.01 PAYMENT 

A. Payment at the unit price bid for the accepted quantity of slurry seal or microsurfacing

measured as provided in Subsection 412.04.01, “Measurement,” shall be full

compensation for developing the mix design, furnishing the material, mixing, hauling,

loading, placing, rolling, and any incidentals for doing all the work involved in placing the

material.

B. Payment at the unit prices bid for surface preparation and ravel sweeping shall be full

compensation for all work involved to complete the items.

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PAVEMENT SURFACE TREATMENTS - SLURRY SEAL/MICROSURFACING 412 

412-13

C. Payment at the unit price bid for the addition of carbon black to the slurry seal or

microsurfacing mixture shall be full compensation for all work involved in its use.

D. All payments will be made in accordance with Subsection 109.02, “Scope of Payment.”

E. Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT 

Application of Polymer Modified Type I, II, or III Slurry Seal ............................................Square Yard 

Application of Type III Microsurfacing...............................................................................Square Yard 

Surface Grinding........................................................................................................................... Hour 

Ravel Sweeping............................................................................................................................ Hour 

Carbon Black Additive (optional) ................................................................................................Gallon 

E-30
E-4. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA 

SHEETS FOR SPECIFIED 

ASPHALT AND EMULSION 

PRODUCTS
SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. Identification

Product identifier CSS-1H

Other means of identification Not available.

Recommended use Not available.

Recommended restrictions None known.

Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor information

Manufacturer

Manufacturer: Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.

Address: P. O. Box 1639

Jackson, MS 39215-1639

Website: www.ergonasphalt.com

Telephone: 1-800-222-7122 (Customer Service)

E-mail: sds@ergon.com

24 hour Emergency

(CHEMTREC):

North America 1-800-424-9300; International 1-703-527-3887

2. Hazard(s) identification

Physical hazards Not classified.

Health hazards Not classified.

Environmental hazards Not classified.

OSHA defined hazards Not classified.

Label elements

Hazard symbol None.

Signal word None.

Hazard statement The mixture does not meet the criteria for classification.

Prevention Observe good industrial hygiene practices.

Response Wash hands after handling.

Storage Store away from incompatible materials.

Disposal Dispose of waste and residues in accordance with local authority requirements.

Hazard(s) not otherwise

classified (HNOC)

None known.

Supplemental information Vapors containing hydrogen sulfide may accumulate during storage or transport. HYDROGEN

SULFIDE (H2S) can be harmful or fatal if inhaled.

3. Composition/information on ingredients

Mixtures

Chemical name Common name and synonyms CAS number %

ASPHALT 8052-42-4 50 - 70

WATER 7732-18-5 30 - < 40

HYDROCHLORIC ACID 7647-01-0 < 2

Composition comments Components not listed are either non-hazardous or below the required disclosure threshold.

4. First-aid measures

Inhalation If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Skin contact If clothing sticks to the skin, do not remove. Lotion or hand cream may aid in the removal of

asphalt. Wash contact areas with soap and water. If needed, seek medical attention.

Eye contact Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if

present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists.

Ingestion Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately. If ingestion of a large

amount does occur, call a poison control center immediately.

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Most important

symptoms/effects, acute and

delayed

Direct contact with eyes may cause temporary irritation.

Indication of immediate

medical attention and special

treatment needed

Treat symptomatically.

General information Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to

protect themselves.

5. Fire-fighting measures

Suitable extinguishing media Foam. Dry chemical powder. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Unsuitable extinguishing

media

Water. Do not use water jet as an extinguisher, as this will spread the fire.

Specific hazards arising from

the chemical

During fire, gases hazardous to health may be formed.

Special protective equipment

and precautions for

firefighters

Firefighters must use standard protective equipment including flame retardant coat, helmet with

face shield, gloves, rubber boots, and in enclosed spaces, SCBA. Structural firefighters protective

clothing will only provide limited protection.

Fire-fighting

equipment/instructions

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in flame. Fight fire from maximum distance or use

unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Move containers from fire area if you can do so without

risk. In the event of fire, cool tanks with water spray.

Specific methods In the event of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes. In the event of fire, cool tanks with

water spray.

General fire hazards No unusual fire or explosion hazards noted.

6. Accidental release measures

Personal precautions,

protective equipment and

emergency procedures

Keep unnecessary personnel away. Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak. Keep out of

low areas. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate

protective clothing. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. For personal protection, see

section 8 of the SDS.

Methods and materials for

containment and cleaning up

This product is miscible in water.

Large Spills: Stop the flow of material, if this is without risk. Dike the spilled material, where this is

possible. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb in vermiculite, dry sand or earth and

place into containers. Prevent entry into waterways, sewer, basements or confined areas.

Small Spills: Wipe up with absorbent material (e.g. cloth, fleece). Clean surface thoroughly to

remove residual contamination.

Never return spills to original containers for re-use. For waste disposal, see section 13 of the SDS.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

Ventilate area and avoid breathing vapors or mist. For large spills, dike far ahead of liquid spill for

later disposal. Do not release into sewers or waterways.

Environmental precautions Avoid discharge into drains, water courses or onto the ground.

7. Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling Avoid prolonged exposure. Use only in well-ventilated areas. Hydrogen sulfide, a very highly toxic

gas, may be present with this material. Keep face clear of tank and/or tank car openings. Good

personal hygiene is necessary. Wash hands and contaminated areas with water and soap before

leaving the work site.

Conditions for safe storage,

including any

incompatibilities

Prevent electrostatic charge build-up by using common bonding and grounding techniques. Store in

original tightly closed container. Store in a well-ventilated place. Store away from incompatible

materials (see Section 10 of the SDS). Do not allow material to freeze.

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

Occupational exposure limits

US. OSHA Table Z-1 Limits for Air Contaminants (29 CFR 1910.1000)

Components Type Value

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS Ceiling 7 mg/m3

7647-01-0)

5 ppm

US. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values

Components Type Value Form

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) TWA 0.5 mg/m3 Inhalable fraction.

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US. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values

Components Type Value Form

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS Ceiling 2 ppm

7647-01-0)

US. NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Components Type Value Form

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Ceiling 5 mg/m3 Fume.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS Ceiling 7 mg/m3

7647-01-0)

5 ppm

Biological limit values No biological exposure limits noted for the ingredient(s).

Appropriate engineering

controls

Provide adequate ventilation, including appropriate local extraction, to ensure that the defined

occupational exposure limit is not exceeded.

Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment

Eye/face protection Wear safety glasses; chemical goggles (if splashing is possible).

Hand protection Chemical resistant gloves are recommended. If contact with forearms is likely wear gauntlet style

gloves.

Other Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility of liquid contact and repeated or prolonged

vapor contact. Plastic or rubber gloves, apron and boots.

Respiratory protection When workers are facing concentrations above the exposure limit they must use appropriate

certified respirators.

Thermal hazards Wear appropriate thermal protective clothing, when necessary.

General hygiene

considerations

Always observe good personal hygiene measures, such as washing after handling the material and

before eating, drinking, and/or smoking. Routinely wash work clothing and protective equipment to

remove contaminants.

9. Physical and chemical properties

Appearance Brown to black in color.

Physical state Liquid.

Form Liquid.

Color Black

Odor Tar-like

Odor threshold Not available.

pH 2.1 - 4

Melting point/freezing point 150 - 180 °F (65.56 - 82.22 °C) / -173.6 °F (-114.22 °C) estimated

Initial boiling point and

boiling range

212 °F (100 °C)

Flash point 400.0 °F (204.4 °C) Cleveland Open Cup

Evaporation rate < 1

Flammability (solid, gas) Not available.

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits

Flammability limit - lower

(%)

Not available.

Flammability limit -

upper (%)

Not available.

Explosive limit - lower

(%)

Not available.

Explosive limit - upper

(%)

Not available.

Vapor pressure < 1 mm Hg @ 70C

Vapor density > 1

Relative density Not available.

Solubility(ies)

Solubility (water) Not available.

Partition coefficient

(n-octanol/water)

Not available.

Auto-ignition temperature > 700 °F (> 371.11 °C)

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Decomposition temperature Not available.

Viscosity Not available.

Other information

Flammability class Flammable IIIB

Percent volatile < 2 %

Specific gravity 1.03

10. Stability and reactivity

Reactivity The product is stable and non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability Stable under normal temperature conditions.

Possibility of hazardous

reactions

Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Conditions to avoid Avoid temperatures exceeding the flash point. Contact with incompatible materials. Do not overheat

product.

Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous decomposition

products

Upon decomposition, this product may yield sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or

low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulfide.

11. Toxicological information

Information on likely routes of exposure

Ingestion Expected to be a low ingestion hazard.

Inhalation Prolonged inhalation may be harmful.

Skin contact No adverse effects due to skin contact are expected.

Eye contact Harmful in contact with eyes.

Symptoms related to the

physical, chemical and

toxicological characteristics

Direct contact with eyes may cause temporary irritation.

Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity

Product Species Test Results

CSS-1H (CAS Mixture)

LC50 Mouse

Inhalation

Acute

79142.8594 ppm, 1 Hours estimated

LD50 Mouse

Oral

2390 g/kg estimated

Rabbit 64285.7148 mg/kg estimated

Rat 2140 g/kg estimated

Components Species Test Results

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

LD50 Mouse

Dermal

Acute

1449 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse

Inhalation

1108 ppm, 1 Hours

Rat 3124 ppm, 1 Hours

LD50 Rabbit

Oral

900 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse

Other

1449 mg/kg

* Estimates for product may be based on additional component data not shown.

Skin corrosion/irritation Prolonged skin contact may cause temporary irritation.

Serious eye damage/eye

irritation

Harmful in contact with eyes. None known.

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Respiratory or skin sensitization

Respiratory sensitization Not available.

Skin sensitization May cause skin disorders if contact is repeated or prolonged.

Germ cell mutagenicity No data available to indicate product or any components present at greater than 0.1% are

mutagenic or genotoxic.

Carcinogenicity Risk of cancer cannot be excluded with prolonged exposure. IARC: occupational exposures to

straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving are "possibly carcinogenic to

humans" (Group 2B)

IARC Monographs. Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 3 Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans.

US. OSHA Specifically Regulated Substances (29 CFR 1910.1001-1050)

Not listed.

Reproductive toxicity Not classified.

Specific target organ toxicity

- single exposure

Not classified.

Specific target organ toxicity

- repeated exposure

Not classified.

Aspiration hazard Not available.

Chronic effects Prolonged exposure may cause chronic effects.

Further information This product has no known adverse effect on human health.

12. Ecological information

Ecotoxicity Not expected to be harmful to aquatic organisms.

Product Species Test Results

CSS-1H (CAS Mixture)

Fish LC50 Fish 2437.7026 mg/l, 96 hours estimated

Components Species Test Results

* Estimates for product may be based on additional component data not shown.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

Aquatic

Fish LC50 Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) 282 mg/l, 96 hours

Persistence and degradability No data is available on the degradability of this product.

Bioaccumulative potential No data available.

Mobility in soil No data available.

Other adverse effects No other adverse environmental effects (e.g. ozone depletion, photochemical ozone creation

potential, endocrine disruption, global warming potential) are expected from this component.

13. Disposal considerations

Disposal instructions Collect and reclaim or dispose in sealed containers at licensed waste disposal site. Dispose in

accordance with all applicable regulations. No components are identified as hazardous wastes.

Disposal recommendations are based on uncontaminated material.

Local disposal regulations Dispose in accordance with all applicable regulations.

Hazardous waste code The waste code should be assigned in discussion between the user, the producer and the waste

disposal company. Not applicable.

Waste from residues /

unused products

Dispose of in accordance with local regulations. Empty containers or liners may retain some product

residues. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe manner (see: Disposal

instructions). Avoid discharge into water courses or onto the ground.

Contaminated packaging Empty containers should be taken to an approved waste handling site for recycling or disposal.

Since emptied containers may retain product residue, follow label warnings even after container is

emptied.

14. Transport information

DOT

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

IATA

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

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IMDG

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

Transport in bulk according to Not available.

Annex II of MARPOL 73/78

and the IBC Code

Further information If shipped above 212 deg F: "UN3257, Elevated Temperature Liquid, n.o.s. (Asphalt mixture), 9, PG

III"

15. Regulatory information

US federal regulations All components are on the U.S. EPA TSCA Inventory List.

TSCA Section 12(b) Export Notification (40 CFR 707, Subpt. D)

Not regulated.

CERCLA Hazardous Substance List (40 CFR 302.4)

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Listed.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) Listed.

US EPCRA Section 304 Extremely Haz. Subs. & CERCLA Haz. Subs.: Section 304 EHS reportable quantity

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 5000 LBS

US. OSHA Specifically Regulated Substances (29 CFR 1910.1001-1050)

Not listed.

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

Hazard categories Immediate Hazard - Yes

Delayed Hazard - No

Fire Hazard - Yes

Pressure Hazard - No

Reactivity Hazard - No

SARA 302 Extremely hazardous substance

Chemical name CAS number Reportable

quantity

Threshold

planning quantity

Threshold

planning

quantity, lower

value

Threshold

planning

quantity, upper

value

HYDROCHLORIC ACID 7647-01-0 5000 500 lbs

SARA 311/312

Hazardous chemical

No

SARA 313 (TRI reporting)

Chemical name CAS number % by wt.

HYDROCHLORIC ACID 7647-01-0 < 2

Other federal regulations

Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) List

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112(r) Accidental Release Prevention (40 CFR 68.130)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

Safe Drinking Water Act

(SDWA)

Not regulated.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). List 2, Essential Chemicals (21 CFR 1310.02(b) and 1310.04(f)(2)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

DEA Essential Chemical Code Number

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 6545

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). List 1 & 2 Exempt Chemical Mixtures (21 CFR 1310.12(c))

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 20 %WV

DEA Exempt Chemical Mixtures Code Number

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 6545

US state regulations WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.

US. Massachusetts RTK - Substance List

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

US. New Jersey Worker and Community Right-to-Know Act

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0) 500 LBS

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US. Pennsylvania RTK - Hazardous Substances

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4)

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

US. Rhode Island RTK

HYDROCHLORIC ACID (CAS 7647-01-0)

US. California Proposition 65

WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.

US - California Proposition 65 - CRT: Listed date/Carcinogenic substance

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Listed: January 1, 1990

International Inventories

Country(s) or region Inventory name On inventory (yes/no)*

Australia Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) Yes

Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL) Yes

Canada Non-Domestic Substances List (NDSL) No

China Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances in China (IECSC) Yes

Europe European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances Yes

(EINECS)

Europe European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) No

Japan Inventory of Existing and New Chemical Substances (ENCS) No

Korea Existing Chemicals List (ECL) No

New Zealand New Zealand Inventory Yes

Philippines Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances No

(PICCS)

United States & Puerto Rico Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory Yes

*A "Yes" indicates that all components of this product comply with the inventory requirements administered by the governing country(s)

A "No" indicates that one or more components of the product are not listed or exempt from listing on the inventory administered by the governing

country(s).

16. Other information, including date of preparation or last revision

Issue date 04-06-2015

Revision date 04-06-2015

Version # 02

Further information HMIS® is a registered trade and service mark of the NPCA.

References ACGIH

EPA: AQUIRE database

NLM: Hazardous Substances Data Base

US. IARC Monographs on Occupational Exposures to Chemical Agents

IARC Monographs. Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity

National Toxicology Program (NTP) Report on Carcinogens

ACGIH Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices

Disclaimer The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge,

information and belief at the date of its publication. The information given is designed only as a

guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is not

to be considered a warranty or quality specification. The information relates only to the specific

material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other

materials or in any process, unless specified in the text. The information in the sheet was written

based on the best knowledge and experience currently available.

Revision Information Composition / Information on Ingredients: Disclosure Overrides

Physical & Chemical Properties: Multiple Properties

GHS: Classification

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SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. Identification

Product identifier ePrime

Other means of identification Not available.

Recommended use Not available.

Recommended restrictions None known.

Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor information

Manufacturer

Manufacturer: Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.

Address: P. O. Box 1639

Jackson, MS 39215-1639

Website: www.ergonasphalt.com

Telephone: 1-800-222-7122 (Customer Service)

E-mail: sds@ergon.com

24 hour Emergency

(CHEMTREC):

North America 1-800-424-9300; International 1-703-527-3887

2. Hazard(s) identification

Physical hazards Not classified.

Health hazards Not classified.

Environmental hazards Not classified.

OSHA defined hazards Not classified.

Label elements

Hazard symbol None.

Signal word None.

Hazard statement The mixture does not meet the criteria for classification.

Prevention Observe good industrial hygiene practices.

Response Wash hands after handling.

Storage Store away from incompatible materials.

Disposal Dispose of waste and residues in accordance with local authority requirements.

Hazard(s) not otherwise

classified (HNOC)

None known.

Supplemental information Vapors containing hydrogen sulfide may accumulate during storage or transport. HYDROGEN

SULFIDE (H2S) can be harmful or fatal if inhaled.

3. Composition/information on ingredients

Mixtures

Chemical name Common name and synonyms CAS number %

ASPHALT 8052-42-4 40 - 100

WATER 7732-18-5 30 - < 40

Composition comments Components not listed are either non-hazardous or below the required disclosure threshold.

4. First-aid measures

Inhalation If breathing is difficult, remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

Call a physician if symptoms develop or persist.

Skin contact If clothing sticks to the skin, do not remove. Lotion or hand cream may aid in the removal of

asphalt. Wash contact areas with soap and water. If needed, seek medical attention.

Eye contact Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if

present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists.

Ingestion Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately. If ingestion of a large

amount does occur, call a poison control center immediately.

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Most important

symptoms/effects, acute and

delayed

Direct contact with eyes may cause temporary irritation.

Indication of immediate

medical attention and special

treatment needed

Treat symptomatically.

General information Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to

protect themselves.

5. Fire-fighting measures

Suitable extinguishing media Foam. Dry chemical powder. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Unsuitable extinguishing

media

Water. Do not use water jet as an extinguisher, as this will spread the fire.

Specific hazards arising from

the chemical

During fire, gases hazardous to health may be formed.

Special protective equipment

and precautions for

firefighters

Firefighters must use standard protective equipment including flame retardant coat, helmet with

face shield, gloves, rubber boots, and in enclosed spaces, SCBA. Structural firefighters protective

clothing will only provide limited protection.

Fire-fighting

equipment/instructions

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in flame. Fight fire from maximum distance or use

unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Move containers from fire area if you can do so without

risk. In the event of fire, cool tanks with water spray.

Specific methods In the event of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes. In the event of fire, cool tanks with

water spray.

General fire hazards No unusual fire or explosion hazards noted.

6. Accidental release measures

Personal precautions,

protective equipment and

emergency procedures

Keep unnecessary personnel away. Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak. Keep out of

low areas. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate

protective clothing. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. For personal protection, see

section 8 of the SDS.

Methods and materials for

containment and cleaning up

This product is miscible in water.

Large Spills: Stop the flow of material, if this is without risk. Dike the spilled material, where this is

possible. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb in vermiculite, dry sand or earth and

place into containers. Prevent entry into waterways, sewer, basements or confined areas.

Small Spills: Wipe up with absorbent material (e.g. cloth, fleece). Clean surface thoroughly to

remove residual contamination.

Never return spills to original containers for re-use. For waste disposal, see section 13 of the SDS.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

Ventilate area and avoid breathing vapors or mist. For large spills, dike far ahead of liquid spill for

later disposal. Do not release into sewers or waterways.

Environmental precautions Avoid discharge into drains, water courses or onto the ground.

7. Handling and storage

Precautions for safe handling Avoid prolonged exposure. Use only in well-ventilated areas. Hydrogen sulfide, a very highly toxic

gas, may be present with this material. Keep face clear of tank and/or tank car openings. Good

personal hygiene is necessary. Wash hands and contaminated areas with water and soap before

leaving the work site.

Conditions for safe storage,

including any

incompatibilities

Prevent electrostatic charge build-up by using common bonding and grounding techniques. Store in

original tightly closed container. Store in a well-ventilated place. Store away from incompatible

materials (see Section 10 of the SDS). Do not allow material to freeze.

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

Occupational exposure limits

US. ACGIH Threshold Limit Values

Components Type Value Form

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) TWA 0.5 mg/m3 Inhalable fraction.

US. NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Components Type Value Form

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Ceiling 5 mg/m3 Fume.

Biological limit values No biological exposure limits noted for the ingredient(s).

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Appropriate engineering

controls

Provide adequate ventilation, including appropriate local extraction, to ensure that the defined

occupational exposure limit is not exceeded.

Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment

Eye/face protection Wear safety glasses; chemical goggles (if splashing is possible).

Hand protection Chemical resistant gloves are recommended. If contact with forearms is likely wear gauntlet style

gloves.

Other Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility of liquid contact and repeated or prolonged

vapor contact. Plastic or rubber gloves, apron and boots.

Respiratory protection When workers are facing concentrations above the exposure limit they must use appropriate

certified respirators.

Thermal hazards Wear appropriate thermal protective clothing, when necessary.

General hygiene

considerations

Always observe good personal hygiene measures, such as washing after handling the material and

before eating, drinking, and/or smoking. Routinely wash work clothing and protective equipment to

remove contaminants.

9. Physical and chemical properties

Appearance Brown to black in color.

Physical state Liquid.

Form Liquid.

Color Black

Odor Tar-like

Odor threshold Not available.

pH < 7

Melting point/freezing point 150 - 180 °F (65.56 - 82.22 °C)

Initial boiling point and

boiling range

212 °F (100 °C)

Flash point 400.0 °F (204.4 °C) Cleveland Open Cup

Evaporation rate Not available.

Flammability (solid, gas) Not available.

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits

Flammability limit - lower

(%)

Not available.

Flammability limit -

upper (%)

Not available.

Explosive limit - lower

(%)

Not available.

Explosive limit - upper

(%)

Not available.

Vapor pressure < 1 mm Hg @ 70C

Vapor density > 1

Relative density Not available.

Solubility(ies)

Solubility (water) Not available.

Partition coefficient

(n-octanol/water)

Not available.

Auto-ignition temperature > 700 °F (> 371.11 °C)

Decomposition temperature Not available.

Viscosity Not available.

Other information

Density 8.47 lb/gal

Specific gravity 1.02

10. Stability and reactivity

Reactivity The product is stable and non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability Stable under normal temperature conditions.

Possibility of hazardous

reactions

Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

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Conditions to avoid Avoid temperatures exceeding the flash point. Contact with incompatible materials. Do not overheat

product.

Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents.

Hazardous decomposition

products

Upon decomposition, this product may yield sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or

low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulfide.

11. Toxicological information

Information on likely routes of exposure

Ingestion Expected to be a low ingestion hazard.

Inhalation Prolonged inhalation may be harmful.

Skin contact No adverse effects due to skin contact are expected.

Eye contact Harmful in contact with eyes.

Symptoms related to the

physical, chemical and

toxicological characteristics

Direct contact with eyes may cause temporary irritation.

Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity Not available.

Skin corrosion/irritation Prolonged skin contact may cause temporary irritation.

Serious eye damage/eye

irritation

Harmful in contact with eyes. None known.

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Respiratory sensitization Not available.

Skin sensitization May cause skin disorders if contact is repeated or prolonged.

Germ cell mutagenicity No data available to indicate product or any components present at greater than 0.1% are

mutagenic or genotoxic.

Carcinogenicity Risk of cancer cannot be excluded with prolonged exposure. IARC: occupational exposures to

straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving are "possibly carcinogenic to

humans" (Group 2B)

IARC Monographs. Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans.

US. OSHA Specifically Regulated Substances (29 CFR 1910.1001-1050)

Not listed.

Reproductive toxicity Not classified.

Specific target organ toxicity

- single exposure

Not classified.

Specific target organ toxicity

- repeated exposure

Not classified.

Aspiration hazard Not available.

Chronic effects Prolonged exposure may cause chronic effects.

Further information This product has no known adverse effect on human health.

12. Ecological information

Ecotoxicity Not expected to be harmful to aquatic organisms.

Persistence and degradability No data is available on the degradability of this product.

Bioaccumulative potential No data available.

Mobility in soil No data available.

Other adverse effects No other adverse environmental effects (e.g. ozone depletion, photochemical ozone creation

potential, endocrine disruption, global warming potential) are expected from this component.

13. Disposal considerations

Disposal instructions Collect and reclaim or dispose in sealed containers at licensed waste disposal site. Dispose in

accordance with all applicable regulations. No components are identified as hazardous wastes.

Disposal recommendations are based on uncontaminated material.

Local disposal regulations Dispose in accordance with all applicable regulations.

Hazardous waste code The waste code should be assigned in discussion between the user, the producer and the waste

disposal company. Not applicable.

Waste from residues /

unused products

Dispose of in accordance with local regulations. Empty containers or liners may retain some product

residues. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe manner (see: Disposal

instructions). Avoid discharge into water courses or onto the ground.

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Contaminated packaging Empty containers should be taken to an approved waste handling site for recycling or disposal.

Since emptied containers may retain product residue, follow label warnings even after container is

emptied.

14. Transport information

DOT

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

IATA

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

IMDG

Not regulated as dangerous goods.

Transport in bulk according to Not available.

Annex II of MARPOL 73/78

and the IBC Code

Further information If shipped above 212 deg F: "UN3257, Elevated Temperature Liquid, n.o.s. (Asphalt mixture), 9, PG

III"

15. Regulatory information

US federal regulations All components are on the U.S. EPA TSCA Inventory List.

TSCA Section 12(b) Export Notification (40 CFR 707, Subpt. D)

Not regulated.

CERCLA Hazardous Substance List (40 CFR 302.4)

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Listed.

US. OSHA Specifically Regulated Substances (29 CFR 1910.1001-1050)

Not listed.

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)

Hazard categories Immediate Hazard - No

Delayed Hazard - No

Fire Hazard - Yes

Pressure Hazard - No

Reactivity Hazard - No

SARA 302 Extremely hazardous substance

Not listed.

SARA 311/312

Hazardous chemical

No

SARA 313 (TRI reporting)

Not regulated.

Other federal regulations

Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112 Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) List

Not regulated.

Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 112(r) Accidental Release Prevention (40 CFR 68.130)

Not regulated.

Safe Drinking Water Act

(SDWA)

Not regulated.

US state regulations WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.

US. Massachusetts RTK - Substance List

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4)

US. New Jersey Worker and Community Right-to-Know Act

Not regulated.

US. Pennsylvania RTK - Hazardous Substances

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4)

US. Rhode Island RTK

Not regulated.

US. California Proposition 65

WARNING: This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.

US - California Proposition 65 - CRT: Listed date/Carcinogenic substance

ASPHALT (CAS 8052-42-4) Listed: January 1, 1990

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International Inventories

Country(s) or region Inventory name On inventory (yes/no)*

Australia Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) Yes

Canada Domestic Substances List (DSL) Yes

Canada Non-Domestic Substances List (NDSL) No

China Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances in China (IECSC) Yes

Europe European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances Yes

(EINECS)

Europe European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) No

Japan Inventory of Existing and New Chemical Substances (ENCS) No

Korea Existing Chemicals List (ECL) No

New Zealand New Zealand Inventory Yes

Philippines Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances No

(PICCS)

United States & Puerto Rico Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory Yes

*A "Yes" indicates that all components of this product comply with the inventory requirements administered by the governing country(s)

A "No" indicates that one or more components of the product are not listed or exempt from listing on the inventory administered by the governing

country(s).

16. Other information, including date of preparation or last revision

Issue date 05-05-2015

Version # 01

Further information HMIS® is a registered trade and service mark of the NPCA.

References ACGIH

EPA: AQUIRE database

NLM: Hazardous Substances Data Base

US. IARC Monographs on Occupational Exposures to Chemical Agents

IARC Monographs. Overall Evaluation of Carcinogenicity

National Toxicology Program (NTP) Report on Carcinogens

ACGIH Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices

Disclaimer The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to the best of our knowledge,

information and belief at the date of its publication. The information given is designed only as a

guidance for safe handling, use, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and release and is not

to be considered a warranty or quality specification. The information relates only to the specific

material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other

materials or in any process, unless specified in the text. The information in the sheet was written

based on the best knowledge and experience currently available.

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17

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD

1201 China Grade Loop Bakersfield, CA 93308 (661) 392-3630

This Material Safety Data Sheet contains environmental, health and toxicology information for your employees. Please 

make sure this information is given to them. It also contains information to help you meet community right-toknow/emergency response reporting requirements under SARA Title III and other laws. If you resell this product, this MSDS 

must be given to the buyer, or the information should be incorporated in your MSDS. Discard any previous edition of this 

MSDS. 

A. IDENTIFICATION AND EMERGENCY INFORMATION

PRODUCT NAME

TOPEIN® C 

Emulsified Rejuvenating Agent, Type C 

PRODUCT CODE

Emulsified Asphalt 

PRODUCT CATEGORY

Petroleum Asphalt 

PRODUCT APPEARANCE AND ODOR Dark viscous liquid, Low asphalt odor 

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS 1-800-424-8802 National Response Center 1-800-424-9300 Chemtrec

WARNING! 

• Heating may release highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.

• Prolonged of repeated breathing of fumes or contact with skin can be harmful.

• Materials present in asphalt have caused cancer in laboratory animals.

• Keep out of reach of children.

B. COMPONENTS AND HAZARD INFORMATION

COMPONENTS

Asphalt 

Proprietary ingredients 

Soap (Emulsifier) 

Water 

All components of this product are listed on the U.S. TSCA inventory. 

See Section E for Health and Hazard Information. 

See Section H for additional Environmental Information. 

CAS NO. OF 

COMPONENTS 

8052-42-4 

proprietary 

61791-55-7 

---- 

APPROXIMATE 

CONCENTRATION

50-57%

5-15%

5%

Balance

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (HMIS)

Health

0 

Flammability

1 

Reactivity

0 

BASIS

Recommended by PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD. 

(Least=0, Slight=1, Moderate=2, High=3, Extreme=4) 

EXPOSURE LIMIT FOR TOTAL PRODUCT

OSHA Regulation 29 CRF 1910.1000 and the American Conference of 

Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) have adopted a Threshold Limit 

Value for the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) of 10 ppm (14 mg/m3

) in air as a timeweighted average for an 8-hour workday with a 15 ppm (21 mg/m3

), and a 

maximum peak of 50 ppm (70 mg/m3

) for 10 minutes once per day if no other 

measurable exposure occurs. NIOSH-approved respiratory equipment should 

be used when permissible concentrations are exceeded. 

BASIS

Recommended by PARAMOUNT 

PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD 

E-44
18

C. PRIMARY ROUTES OF ENTRY AND EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES

EYE CONTACT

If hot product is splashed into eyes, flush with clear water and contact physician. 

SKIN

If skin is contaminated with cool, solid asphalt, the contamination area should be cleaned with waterless skin cleanser followed by 

soap and water. 

If skin is contacted with hot asphalt, thermal burns will result. In this case, the contaminated area should be treated similarly to 

other thermal burns by cooling the affected area immediately with the coldest available water. It is not usually advisable to 

immediately remove the asphalt material. Natural separation will occur in 48 - 72 hours. Removal should be attempted only 

under the direction of a physician. If removal is attempted, mineral oil (not mineral spirits) or mineral oil ointment may be applied 

to soften the asphalt to facilitate removal. Remove all contaminated clothing. 

INHALATION

If overcome by vapor remove from exposure and call a physician immediately. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, start 

resuscitation, administer oxygen, if available. 

INGESTION

If ingested, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING; call a physician immediately.

D. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD INFORMATION

FLASH POINT (MINIMUM)

450°F (232°C) ASTM D 3143, Tag Open Cup 

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE 

(Approximate)

Not Available 

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH

0 

FLAMMABILITY

1 

REACTIVITY

0 

BASIS 

Recommended by the National Fire Protection Association. 

(Least=0, Slight=1, Moderate=2, High=3, Extreme=4) 

HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

Keep product away from ignition sources, such as heat, sparks, pilot lights, static electricity, static electricity, and open flame. 

FLAMMABLE OR EXPLOSIVE LIMITS (APPROXIMATE PERCENT BY VOLUME IN AIR)

Estimated values: Lower Flammable Limit Upper Flammable Limit

Not Available Not Available 

HOT ASPHALT FLASH WARNING

Studies have shown that relatively low flash point substance, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and low-boiling hydrocarbons, may 

accumulate in the vapor space of hot asphalt tanks and bulk transport compartments. Such vapors may exhibit flammability 

characteristics of a significantly lower flash product than would be indicated by the open cup flash test. As a precaution, keep 

ignition sources away from vents and openings, including prevention of accumulation of pyrophoric iron sulfide. Asphalt Institute 

Publication IS-180 and American Petroleum Institute Publication 852-20230 contain further information and guidance on the safe 

storage and handling of hot asphalt. 

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA AND FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES

Foam, water spray (fog), dry chemical, carbon dioxide and vaporizing liquid type extinguishing agents may all be suitable for 

extinguishing fires involving this type of product, depending on size or potential size of fire and circumstances related to the 

situation. Plan fire protection and response strategy through consultation with local fire protection authorities or appropriate 

specialists. 

The following procedures for this type of product are based on the recommendations in the National Fire Protection 

Associations's "Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials", Eighth Edition (1984): 

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide to extinguish the fire. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. If a 

leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors and to provide protection for men attempting to stop a leak. 

Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures. Minimize breathing of gases, vapor, fumes or decomposition 

products. Use supplied-air breathing equipment for enclosed or confined spaces or as otherwise needed. 

E-45
19

DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

Fumes, smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, aldehydes and other decomposition products, in the case of 

incomplete combustion. 

"EMPTY" CONTAINER WARNING

"Empty" containers retain residue (liquid and/or vapor) and can be dangerous. DO NOT PRESSURIZE, CUT, WELD, BRAZE, 

SOLDER, DRILL, GRIND OR EXPOSE SUCH CONTAINERS TO HEAT, FLAME, SPARKS, STATIC ELECTRICITY, OR 

OTHER SOURCES OF IGNITION; THEY MAY EXPLODE AND CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.

Do not attempt to clean since residue is difficult to remove. "Empty" drums should be completely drained, properly bunged and 

promptly returned to a drum reconditioner. All other containers should be disposed of in an environmentally safe manner and in

accordance with Health Administration regulations, ANSI z49.1, and other governmental and industrial references pertaining to 

cleaning, repairing, welding or other contemplated operations. 

There is water present in this product. Inspect, thoroughly empty and drain all containers before refilling with hot liquid 

to prevent boilover.

E. HEALTH AND HAZARD INFORMATION

VARIABILITY AMONG INDIVIDUALS

Health studies have shown that many petroleum hydrocarbons and synthetic lubricants pose potential human health risks which 

may vary from person to person. As a precaution, exposure to liquids, vapors, mists or fumes should be minimized. 

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE (Signs and symptoms of exposure)

High vapor concentrations (greater than approximately 700 ppm, attainable at elevated temperatures well above ambient) are 

irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract, and may cause headaches, dizziness, anesthesia, drowsiness, unconsciousness, 

and other central nervous system effects, including death. CAUTION: Product is normally shipped hot (approximately 100-

185°F): protect against burns. See statements below regarding hydrogen sulfide (H2S). 

NATURE OF HAZARD AND TOXICITY INFORMATION

Skin contact with hot product may cause thermal burns. Prolonged or repeated contact with this product at warm or ambient 

temperatures tends to remove skin oils, possibly leading to irritation and dermatitis; however, based on human experience and 

available toxicological data, this product is judged to be neither a "corrosive" nor an "irritant" by OSHA criteria. 

Eye contact with hot product may cause thermal burns. Contact with this product at warm or ambient temperatures may cause 

eye irritation but will not damage eye tissue. 

CAUTION: Under certain circumstances sulfur compounds in hot product may form hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas. Cooling product 

may continue to emit traces of (H2S) temporarily from entrapped or dissolved gases. (H2S) is a colorless, toxic and extremely 

flammable gas with an odor at low concentrations characteristic of rotten eggs and a sweetish odor at high concentrations. Odor 

cannot be relied upon as a means of detection because the sense of smell rapidly becomes insensitive to (H2S), and the (H2S) 

odor may be masked by the general odor of hot product. Because (H2S) may accumulate in tanks and bulk transport 

compartments, personnel should stand upwind, keep their faces at least two feet from compartment openings, and avoid 

breathing vapors when opening hatches and dome covers. 

Prolonged breathing of 50 to 100 ppm, of (H2S) may produce eye and respiratory tract irritation, headache, nervousness and 

nausea and only a few breaths of high concentrations (e.g. 700 to 1000 ppm) may lead to unconsciousness and could be fatal. 

NIOSH-approved respiratory equipment should be used when permissible concentrations are exceeded. The OSHA 8-hour Time 

Weighted Average-Permissible Exposure Limit (TWA-PEL) is 10 ppm with a 15 minute Short Term Exposure Limit (TWA-STEL) 

of 15 ppm. 

DERMAL TOXICITY

The systemic toxicity of this substance has not been determined. However, it should be practically non-toxic to internal organs if 

it gets on the skin. This hazard is based on data from similar materials. 

F. PHYSICAL DATA

The following data are approximate or typical values and should not be used for precise design purposes. 

BOILING RANGE 

IBP 650 - 1000+°F (ASTM D 2887) 

VAPOR PRESSURE

Less than 0.1 mm Hg @ 20°C 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H20 = 1) (Typical) 

0.98 @ 60°F (15.6°C) 

VAPOR DENSITY (Air = 1)

Greater than 5 

pH

2 – 7 

POUR, CONGEALING OR MELTING POINT

Not Available 

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EVAPORATION RATE @ 1 atm and 25°C (77°F) (n-BUTYL 

ACETATE = 1) 

Negligible 

SOLUBILITY IN WATER @ 1 atm and 77°F (25°C)

Negligible - less than 0.1% 

VISCOSITY @ 275°F and 30 mm Hg (typical) 

475 min 

PERCENT VOLATILE BY VOLUME 

Not Available 

G. REACTIVITY

This product is stable. Hazardous polymerization will not occur. Avoid contact with strong oxidants such as liquid chlorine, 

concentrated oxygen, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, etc. Hot product in contact with water can cause foaming or 

sudden evolution of steam which could cause pressure build-up and possibly rupture a tank or vessel. 

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the product can react with the iron in an asphalt storage tank to form ferrous sulfide which is 

pyrophoric. 

H. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED

Shut off and eliminate all ignition sources. Keep people away. Form a dike or berm to contain product. Recover free liquid. 

Minimize skin contact. Ventilate confined spaces. Hot product may solidify when cooled. Keep product out of sewers and 

watercourses by diking or impounding. Advise authorities if product has entered any sewer or water courses. Assure conformity

with applicable governmental regulation. Continue to observe precautions for volatile, combustible vapors from absorbed 

material. 

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION MAY BE USEFUL IN COMPLYING WITH VARIOUS STATE AND FEDERAL LAWS AND 

REGULATIONS UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES:

REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ), EPA REGULATION 40 CFR 302 (CERCLA Section 102)

No RQ for product or any constituent greater than 1% or 0.1% (carcinogen). 

THRESHOLD PLANNING QUANTITY (TPQ), EPA REGULATION 40 CFR 355 (SARA Section 301-304)

No TPQ for product or any constituent greater than 1% or 0.1% (carcinogen). 

TOXIC CHEMICAL RELEASE REPORTING, EPA REGULATION 40 CFR 372 (SARA Section 313)

No toxic chemical is present greater than 1% or 0.1% (carcinogen). 

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REPORTING, EPA REGULATION 40 CRF 370 (SARA Section 311-312)

EPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATION CODE: Acute Chronic Fire PressureReactive

Hazard: Hazard: Hazard: Hazard: Hazard: 

xxx xxx xxx

I. PROTECTION AND PRECAUTIONS

VENTILATION

Provide ventilation sufficient to prevent exceeding recommended exposure limit or buildup of explosive concentrations of vapor in 

air. 

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Use supplied-air respiratory in confined or enclosed spaces, if needed, or when H2S exceeds permissible limits. 

PROTECTIVE GLOVES

Protect against hot liquid. Use chemical-resistant gloves to avoid skin contact. 

EYE PROTECTION

Use splash goggles or face shield when eye contact may occur. 

OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Use chemical-resistant apron or other impervious clothing, if needed, to protect against hot liquid and to avoid skin contact. 

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WORK PRACTICES/ENGINEERING CONTROLS

No smoking, flame or other ignition sources. 

Keep containers closed when not in use. Do not store near heat, sparks, flame or strong oxidants. Ventilation must be sufficient 

to prevent exceeding recommended exposure limit or buildup of explosive concentrations of vapor in air. 

In order to prevent fire or explosion hazards, use appropriate equipment. 

Information on electrical equipment appropriate for use with this product may be found in the latest edition of the National Electrical 

Code (NFPA-70). This document is available from the National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, 

Massachusetts 02269. 

PERSONAL HYGIENE

Minimize breathing vapor, mist or fumes. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Remove contaminated clothing; launder

or dry-clean before re-use. Remove contaminated shoes and thoroughly clean before re-use; discard if oil-soaked. Cleanse skin

thoroughly after contact, before breaks and meals, and at end of work period. Product is readily removed from skin by waterless 

hand cleaners followed by washing thoroughly with soap and water. 

ADDITIONAL HEALTH DATA COMMENT:

There is concern about the carcinogenicity of chemical compounds found in asphalts. The International Agency for Research on 

Cancer (IARC) reviewed the carcinogenic potential of asphalts in 1985 and again in 1987. At that time, they concluded there was 

inadequate evidence to decide that asphalts were carcinogenic to humans. Overall, findings from health monitoring studies of 

asphalt workers are not conclusive. However, asphalt fume condensates and certain chemical components of asphalt fume have 

been shown to cause cancer in mice when repeatedly applied to the skin and allowed to remain on the skin for a prolonged period

of time. In addition, asphalt fume condensates have been shown to be weakly positive in Ames mutagenicity tests. Skin contact

and breathing of fumes, mists and vapors should be reduced to a minimum. 

J. TRANSPORTATION AND OSHA RELATED LABEL INFORMATION

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENT INFORMATION

For further information relative to spills resulting from transportation incidents, refer to latest Department of Transportation 

Emergency Response Guidebook for Hazardous Materials Incidents, DOT Publication P 5800.5. 

DOT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER:

Elevated Temperature Material, N.O.S. 9 NA 9259 III Liquid 

LABEL REQUIREMENTS:

Class 9 

PACKAGING GROUP:

III (CFR 49 Hazardous Materials Table 172.IV) 

OSHA REQUIRED LABEL INFORMATION

In compliance with hazard and right-to-know requirements, the following OSHA Hazard Warnings should be found on a label, bill of 

lading or invoice accompanying this shipment. 

 DANGER! 

 COMBUSTIBLE 

MAY FORM HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) WHEN HEATED 

INHALATION OF (H2S) MAY BE FATAL 

MAY CAUSE SKIN CANCER

Note: Product label will contain additional non-OSHA related information.

The information and recommendations contained herein are, to the best of PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELDs' 

knowledge and belief, accurate and reliable as of the date issued. PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD does not warrant 

or guarantee their accuracy or reliability, and PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD shall not be liable for any loss or 

damage arising out of the use thereof. 

The information and recommendations are offered for the user's consideration and examination, and it is the user's responsibility to 

satisfy itself that they are suitable and complete for its particular use. If buyer repackages this product, legal counsel should be 

consulted to insure that proper health, safety and other necessary information is included on the container. 

The Environmental Information included under Section H hereof as well as the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) 

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and National Fire Protection Association (NFPS) ratings have been included in order to provide additional health and hazard 

classification information. The ratings recommended are based upon the criteria supplied by the developers of these rating 

systems. 

` 

FOR OTHER PRODUCT INFORMATION CONTACT: 

MSDS Coordinator 

PARAMOUNT PETROLEUM BAKERSFIELD 

1201 China Grade Loop 

Bakersfield, CA 93308 

Phone (661) 392-3630 

Fax (661) 399-1054

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