J-A02010-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: Z.I., A MINOR

APPEAL OF: E.I., SR., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 964 WDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered August 20, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County Domestic Relations at 

No(s): CP-11-DP-0000003-2020

IN THE INTEREST OF: E.I., JR. A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: E.I.., SR., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 965 WDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered August 20, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County Domestic Relations at 

No(s): CP-11-DP-0000094-2018

IN THE INTEREST OF: U.I., A MINOR

APPEAL OF: E.I., SR., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 966 WDA 2020

Appeal from the Order Entered August 20, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County Domestic Relations at 

No(s): CP-11-DP-0000005-2020
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BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED: MARCH 12, 2021

E.I., Sr. (“Father”), appeals from the orders entered August 20, 2020, 

changing the permanent placement goals of his son, E.I., Jr., born in August 

2017, and his twin son and daughter, U.I. and Z.I., born in December 2019.

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We affirm. 

The record reveals that Cambria County Children and Youth Services 

(“CYS”) obtained protective custody of E.I., Jr., on July 26, 2019, prior to the 

births of U.I. and Z.I. The juvenile court entered an order memorializing E.I., 

Jr.’s, placement on July 30, 2019, and CYS filed a shelter care application that 

same day. In its application, CYS averred that Mother left E.I., Jr., under the 

supervision of an older half-sibling, who threw E.I., Jr.2 Mother did not seek 

medical attention for E.I., Jr., resulting in a charge of endangering the welfare 

of children and a child abuse investigation. CYS further averred that Father 

was facing a child abuse investigation for allegedly striking and bruising the 

older half-sibling, and that there were reports of domestic disputes between 

____________________________________________

1 The juvenile court ruled out B.S. (“Mother”) as a placement option as to E.I., 

Jr., in its first permanency review order entered January 29, 2020, and as to 

U.I. and Z.I. in the orders of adjudication and disposition entered January 23, 

2020. Mother did not appeal the orders ruling her out as a placement option, 

nor did she appeal the August 20, 2020 goal change orders. 

2 The older half-sibling is not involved in this appeal.
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Mother and Father.3 CYS filed a dependency petition on August 2, 2019, in 

which it raised concerns identical to those in the shelter care application. The 

court entered a shelter care order on August 5, 2019, and adjudicated E.I., 

Jr., dependent by order entered August 20, 2019.4 The court designated his

permanent placement goal as return to parent or guardian. 

CYS obtained protective custody of U.I. and Z.I. shortly after their 

births, and on January 13, 2020, filed petitions for dependency. As to Father, 

CYS averred that his home was inappropriate, and that Mother had reported 

he was drinking heavily and being verbally abusive toward her. CYS further 

averred that Father had not completed his court-ordered domestic violence 

program, and that he was subject to a Protection From Abuse (“PFA”) order 

from January 2019 until July 2019, because of domestic disputes with Mother. 

On January 23, 2020, the court adjudicated U.I. and Z.I. dependent and 

established their permanent placement goals as return to parent or guardian.

Beginning with the adjudication of E.I., Jr., and continuing with the 

adjudications of U.I. and Z.I., the juvenile court ordered Father to cooperate

with service providers and complete certain objectives. Father’s objectives

included completing a domestic violence program, submitting to random drug 

screens, and completing drug and alcohol treatment, among others. Father 

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3 Our review of the record does not reveal any indication that CYS ultimately 

deemed Father a perpetrator of abuse.

4 The juvenile court docket indicates that it adjudicated E.I., Jr., dependent 

on one prior occasion, from August 2018 until January 2019.
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failed to cooperate with the service providers, and the juvenile court found

that he was in minimal compliance with the family service plan and had made 

minimal progress toward reunification. 

On August 13, 2020, the court scheduled a hearing to consider whether 

to change the permanent placement goals for E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I. from 

return to parent or guardian to adoption. At the conclusion of the hearing, 

the court announced that it would change the children’s goals. It entered goal

change orders on August 20, 2020, and Father timely filed separate notices of 

appeal, as well as concise statements of errors complained of on appeal, on 

September 14, 2020. 

Father presents the following question for our review: “Whether the 

[juvenile] court erred and/or abused its discretion when it changed the 

permanency goal[s] for [E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I.] from ‘Return Home’ to 

‘Adoption.’” Father’s brief at 4.5

When reviewing an order changing a child’s permanent placement goal, 

this Court applies an abuse of discretion standard of review. In the Interest 

of D.R.-W., 227 A.3d 905, 917 (Pa.Super. 2020). We must accept the 

juvenile court’s factual findings and credibility determinations if the record 

supports them, but need not accept the court’s inferences or legal conclusions. 

Id.

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5 Father filed separate appellate briefs for E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I., but all three 

briefs are substantively identical. Thus, we cite them collectively as “Father’s 

brief.”
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The Juvenile Act governs goal change proceedings. See 42 Pa.C.S. 

§§ 6301-6375. We have explained the pertinent analysis as follows: 

Pursuant to [42 Pa.C.S.] § 6351(f) of the Juvenile Act, when 

considering a petition for a goal change for a dependent child, the 

juvenile court is to consider, inter alia: (1) the continuing 

necessity for and appropriateness of the placement; (2) the extent 

of compliance with the family service plan; (3) the extent of 

progress made towards alleviating the circumstances which 

necessitated the original placement; (4) the appropriateness and 

feasibility of the current placement goal for the children; (5) a 

likely date by which the goal for the child might be achieved; (6) 

the child’s safety; and (7) whether the child has been in placement 

for at least fifteen of the last twenty-two months. The best 

interests of the child, and not the interests of the parent, must 

guide the [juvenile] court. . . .

In re A.B., 19 A.3d 1084, 1088-89 (Pa.Super. 2011) (citations and quotation 

marks omitted). 

Father contends that he made sufficient progress for the juvenile court 

to return E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I. to his care, or at least for the court to grant

him more time before changing their goals to adoption. Father’s brief at 6. 

Father summarizes the evidence presented during the goal change hearing, 

asserting that he attended visitation regularly, that his parenting skills were 

improving, and that he had a “significant” bond with E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I. 

Id. at 6-8. Father also asserts that he maintained satisfactory housing and 

obtained employment. Id. at 8. In addition, he highlights the testimony of 

CYS’s expert witness, psychologist Dennis Kashurba, who opined that Father 

had the potential to succeed as a parent, assuming he maintained sobriety

and avoided his dysfunctional relationship with Mother. Id. 
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The juvenile court explained its decision to enter the goal change orders

as follows, in relevant part: 

Here, [E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I.] have been in the care and 

custody of [CYS] for a significant period of time (July 2019 for E.I. 

Jr. and January 2020 for Z.I. and U.I.). [CYS] has an extensive 

history for services with the family, but Father has made minimal 

progress in alleviating the conditions necessitating the original 

placement. This Court is required to provide permanency for [E.I., 

Jr., U.I., and Z.I.], and Father has not shown a willingness to alter 

his behavior and provide a safe home for them. Here [CYS] has 

fulfilled its mandate, and it is time for [E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I.] to 

achieve the permanent and stable family life they deserve.

Finally, the change of a goal from return home to adoption 

does not terminate Father’s parental rights; it is only the first step 

in the process. As a practical matter, the goal change simply 

identifies adoption as the favored disposition and relieves CYS

from its obligation to continue to provide a parent further services. 

Father may yet be able to overcome his deficiencies and 

demonstrate to either this Court at the next review hearing, or to 

the Orphans’ Court at a future termination proceeding, that he is 

now able to parent [E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I.] and that his parental 

rights should not be terminated. However, the burden of 

continuing towards that goal now rests with Father and he must 

obtain the services necessary to reach that goal outside of [CYS]. 

Accordingly, based on all the evidence produced during this matter 

the goal change was proper and there is no merit to this allegation 

of error.

Juvenile Court Opinion, 10/12/20, at 15-16 (citations and footnote omitted).

As Father indicates, CYS presented expert testimony from psychologist,

Dennis Kashurba, during the goal change hearing on August 13, 2020. Mr. 

Kashurba testified that he performed a psychological evaluation of Father on 

November 14, 2019. N.T., 8/13/20, at 11. Based on this evaluation, Mr. 

Kashurba opined that Father possessed “adequate or better . . . potential to 

function as a parent.” Id. at 15. He tempered this opinion with two caveats. 
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First, Father would need to avoid reconciliation with Mother, as continuing his

relationship with her “would likely result in continued difficulties[.]” Id. at 15-

16, 19. Second, Father would need to maintain sobriety and avoid a relapse 

into alcohol or substance abuse. Id. at 19. The record confirms that Father 

failed in both respects.

Regarding Father’s relationship with Mother, CYS presented testimony 

from caseworker Barb Lusczek, who testified that Father was ordered to 

complete a domestic violence program. Id. at 40. However, Father delayed 

in contacting the program and did not keep his appointments. Id. at 46, 50. 

Ms. Lusczek also reported that CYS continued to receive reports of domestic 

disputes between Mother and Father. Id. at 40. Indeed, twice in the week 

prior to the goal change hearing, the police were called to address these 

altercations. Id. Mother filed a PFA petition against Father that same week. 

Id.

In addition, Ms. Lusczek testified that Father’s alcohol use remained an 

ongoing concern. She explained that Father was ordered to complete drug 

and alcohol treatment, but that his treatment program discharged him due to 

noncompliance, and he had not made any effort to resume treatment. Id. at 

39-40. Likewise, while Father previously submitted negative drug screens,

CYS had not been able to screen Father since March 2020, due to the COVID19 pandemic. Id. at 39. 
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Ms. Lusczek added that CYS received numerous reports of Father 

drinking, and that he pled guilty to public drunkenness due to an incident on 

May 20, 2020, and described a revealing message that Father sent to her 

three days later. Specifically, she explained that Father mistakenly sent her 

an early-morning text message indicating that he was inebriated and recently 

started a relationship with a woman who used drugs. 

. . . . [I] had received a text from [Father] on May 23rd of this 

year at 2:13 a.m. . . . . The text stated[,] [“]lol, bro, I’m fucked 

up. I’ve been drinking all day. I left my baby mom and got a new

bitch and she [does meth] wtf[.”

6] And then a second message 

he sent to me shortly after that said, [“]oops, wrong person.[”] 

Id. Father later claimed to Ms. Lusczek that he had intended to send her this

text message, but she did not believe that was true. Id. at 45.

Relatedly, CYS presented the testimony of social worker Ashley Shaffer, 

who testified that she worked with Father to address his decision-making 

skills, particularly regarding intimate relationships and alcohol dependence. 

N.T., 8/13/20, at 5-6. Ms. Shaffer reported that Father attended only eight 

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6 Although the notes of testimony quote Ms. Lusczek as stating that the text 

read “and she just met wtf” as opposed to “and she does meth wtf,” n.t., 

8/13/20, at 44, the certified record confirms Father’s reference to

methamphetamines. A screenshot of the text message reads verbatim:

Lol bro I’m fucked up I been drinking all day and I left my baby 

mom and got a new bitch and she does meth wtf was I thinking 

my baby mom only pushed me to be a better father and always 

stood bye[sic] me and she paid for everything but still said we did 

it together[.]

N.T., 8/13/20, Petitioner’s Exhibit 4 (emphasis added).
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of sixteen possible sessions, failed to take responsibility for his poor decisions, 

and blamed others for his circumstances. Id. at 6, 9.

Although Father’s relationship with Mother and his alcohol abuse

received much of the attention during the goal change hearing, these were 

not the sole areas of concern. Kathy Scaife, a worker with the IFS Home 

Management program, testified that Father was evicted from his home. Id.

at 33. Father did not inform Ms. Scaife until the day of the hearing that he 

found a new home. Id. Ms. Scaife noted that Father was working fewer 

hours, reportedly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Id. at 34. However, 

Father’s housing issues appeared to predate the onset of the pandemic, as his 

landlord informed Ms. Scaife that he had not paid rent since December 2019. 

Id. 

As the foregoing testimony establishes, the record supports the juvenile 

court’s decision to change the permanent placement goals of his E.I., Jr., U.I.,

and Z.I. from reunification to adoption. Accordingly, we discern no abuse of 

discretion. While the evidence indicates that Father has the potential to 

provide proper parental care and control for his children, he has failed to live

up to that potential. He remained in a dysfunctional and belligerent 

relationship with Mother as recently as a week prior to the goal change 

hearing. Father’s alcohol abuse persists, as demonstrated by his guilty plea 

to public drunkenness and text message to Ms. Lusczek. In addition to those 

concerns, Father’s housing remained unstable. It was not clear whether he
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would be able to maintain his new home, or whether that home was

appropriate for the children.

Finally, as to Father’s relationship with E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I., Father is 

correct that testimony at the hearing indicated that he shared bonds with the 

children. However, that testimony consisted of a single sentence from Jeffrey 

Grove, a family advocate at the Bair Foundation Path House, who supervised 

Father’s visits. Mr. Grove stated, “He does have a bond with the children.” 

See id. at 22, 25. Contrary to Father’s characterization of this bond as 

“significant” to the children, the record indicates that Z.I. and U.I. entered 

foster care in January 2020, shortly after their births in December 2019, and 

had remained there for eight months by the time of the goal change hearing. 

E.R., Jr., entered foster care in July 2019, when he was three years old, and 

remained in placement for over a year by the time of the hearing. Any bond 

that E.I., Jr., U.I., and Z.I. has with Father under these circumstances is

tenuous, and it was within the juvenile court’s discretion to conclude that its 

existence did not outweigh the children’s need for permanence and stability, 

which Father still is unable to provide. See In re J.D.H., 171 A.3d 903, 910 

(Pa.Super. 2017) (quoting In re Adoption of R.J.S., 901 A.2d 502, 513 

(Pa.Super. 2006)) (“‘[A] child’s life cannot be held in abeyance while a parent 

attempts to attain the maturity necessary to assume parenting 

responsibilities. The court cannot and will not subordinate indefinitely a child’s 
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need for permanence and stability to a parent's claims of progress and hope 

for the future.’”).

For all of the foregoing reasons, the juvenile court did not abuse its 

discretion in changing the permanent placement goals of E.I., Jr., U.I., and 

Z.I. from reunification to adoption. Hence, we affirm the court’s August 20, 

2020 orders. 

Orders affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 3/12/2021