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# HYLAND LANDFILL GAS ENGINE
EMISSIONS TEST REPORT

HYLAND FACILITY ASSOCIATES
6653 HERDMAN ROAD ANGELICA, NEW YORK

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### FEBRUARY 2009
R EF



### . NO 

### . 053707 (3) Prepared by: Conestoga-Rovers & Associates

2055 Niagara Falls Blvd. Suite Three Niagara Falls, NY 14304

Office: (716) 297-6150 Fax: (716) 297-2265

web: http:\\www.CRAworld.com053707 (3) C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

1.0 INTROD UCTION ............................................................................................................... ....1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW........................................................................................1 1.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION .............................................................................1
1.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................2
1.4 TEST PLAN ..........................................................................................................2 1.5 OBJECTIVE...........................................................................................................2

2.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES............................................................3
2.1 TEST SITE DESCRIPTION .................................................................................3
2.1.1 ENGINE #2 OUTLET..........................................................................................3 2.2 STACK GAS VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW (RM 2)....................3 2.3 GAS ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN (O2), CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT (RM 3A) ................................................4 2.4 MOISTURE DETERMINATION (RM 4)..........................................................4 2.5 TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN (RM 7E)......................................................4 2.6 CARBON MONOXIDE (RM 10) .......................................................................4

3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL.....................................................6 3.1 EQUIPMENT AND SAMPLING PREPARATION ........................................6
3.1.1 GENERAL GLASS CLEANING........................................................................6
3.2 LEAK CHECK PROCEDURES..........................................................................6
3.2.1 MOISTURE TRAIN.............................................................................................6
3.2.2 PITOT LEAK CHECK.........................................................................................6
3.3 CALIBRATIONS..................................................................................................7
3.3.1 METER BOX CALIBRATION............................................................................7
3.3.2 PITOT CALIBRATION.......................................................................................7
3.3.3 THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION.................................................................8
3.3.4 BAROMETER CALIBRATION..........................................................................8
3.4 CEMS SAMPLING PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ............................8 3.4.1 CALIBRATION ERROR (CE) TEST..................................................................8
3.4.2 STRATIFICATION TEST....................................................................................9
3.4.3 NO2 TO NO CONVERSION EFFICIENCY.....................................................9
3.4.4 POST-TEST DRIFT CHECK...............................................................................9
3.5 DATA REDUCTION...........................................................................................9

4.0 TEST RESULTS............................................................................................................... .......10 4.1 DISCUSSION OF PERMIT REQUIREMENTS & RESULTS........................10053707 (3) C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES LIST OF FIGURES

(Following Text)

FIGURE 2.1 ENGINE #2 OUTLET

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1.1 TEST SUMMARY

TABLE 3.1 EQUIPMENT CALIBRATIONS

TABLE 4.1 SAMPLING PARAMETERS

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A CRA FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURES

APPENDIX B FIELD DATA AND CALCULATION SHEETS

APPENDIX C CALIBRATION DATA AND GAS CERTIFICATION SHEETS053707 (3) 1 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

Hyland Facility Associates (Hyland) contra cted Conestoga-Rovers & Associates, Inc. (CRA) to perform emission testing of one of the Landfill Gas engines at the Hyland Landfill located in Angelica, NY. Hyland was required to test one of the Caterpillar 3520 engines as part of their Air Stat e Facility permit 9-0232-00003/00007.

Engine # 2, which had the most in-service hours, was tested for carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NO
x ) emissions. Additionally, exhau st gas volumetric flow rate, molecular weight, and moisture content were also monitored and were used to calculate

mass emissions of CO and NO
x .

1.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The primary contacts for this project are:

CRA Project Manager:

Mr. William Doebler 2055 Niagara Falls Blvd. Niagara Falls, NY 14304 Phone: (716) 297-6150 Fax: (716) 297-2265

CRA Project Coordinator:

Mr. Steve Culmo 2055 Niagara Falls Blvd. Niagara Falls, NY 14304 Phone: (716) 297-6150 Fax: (716) 297-2265053707 (3) 2 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES Hyland Project Manager:

Mr. Joseph Boyles

6653 Herdman Road Angelica, NY 14709 Phone: (585) 466-7271

The CRA field test crew consisted of Mr. Jim Balmer and Mr. Steve Zimmerman.

1.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Hyland Landfill produces landfill gas thro ugh the process of organic decomposition municipal solid waste. As the volume of these gases increase, they are collected and routed through a landfill gas collection system and destructed by a flare and / or burned as fuel in three Caterpillar 3520 engines.

1.4 TEST PLAN

Testing was designed according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Reference Methods (RMs) outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40,
Part 60, Protection of the Environment , Appendix A. Current versions of the reference

methods were obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Emission Measurement Center (EMC) website ( www.epa.gov/ttn/emc) . A summary of the test program is presented in Table 1.1. CRA performed all the testing associated with the test program. Copies of CRA’s standard operating procedures for the EPA test methods are included in Appendix A.

1.5 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this test program was to demonstrate that the Hyland Landfill engines meet the design emission rates listed in Hyland’s State Facility Permit. The permit specifies design emission rates of 3.0 gra ms per brake horsepower hour (g/bhp-hr) for CO and 0.6 g/BHP-HR for NO
x .053707 (3) 3 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 2.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

2.1 TEST SITE DESCRIPTION

Representative measurement of pollutant emi ssions and total volumetric flow rate from a stationary source require a measurement site where the effluent stream is flowing in a known direction and cyclonic flow is not present.

According to RM 1, the cross section of th e stack was divided into equal areas and a traverse point located within ea ch of these areas. The numb er of traverse points in a cross section was determined by the nu mber of duct diameters upstream and

downstream from the test locati on to a flow disturbance.

2.1.1 ENGINE #2 OUTLET

The outlet ports are located in a vertical du ct with an inside diameter of 15.58 inches. There are two sample ports located at 90 degrees apart from each other. A total of 16 velocity traverse points were sampled, ei ght from each port. The sample ports are located approximately 3.3 duct diameters do wnstream and 2.2 duct diameters upstream

from a flow disturbance. All measurements we re verified in the field. A cyclonic flow

check was conducted and the results are includ ed on Run 1 flow spreadsheet. Figure 2.1 is a diagram of outlet sampling lo cation and traverse point layout.

2.2 STACK GAS VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW (RM 2)

According to RM 2, the gas velocity in the stack was determined from the average velocity head with a type-S pitot tube, gas density, stack temperature, and stack pressure. A cyclonic flow check was conduc ted by measuring the velocity pressure and null point at each traverse point. The aver age null point angle from zero was less than 20 degrees.

The average velocity head was determined using an inclined manometer and for the outlet a type-S pitot tube with a known coefficient of 0.84 that was determined geometrically by standards set forth in RM 2. Stack temperature was taken at each traverse point using a type-K thermocouple. Static pressure was determined using a straight tap and an inclined manometer. A copy of the CRA field operating procedure for RM 2 is included in Appendix A.053707 (3) 4 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 2.3 GAS ANALYSIS FOR OXYGEN (O 2 ), CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT (RM 3A)

RM 3A was used to determine stack gas oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations at the outlet. Gas samples we re continuously extracted from the exhaust gas stream and transported by heated sample line to a refrigerated sample gas conditioner to remove moisture, and then directed to the O 2 analyzer. O 2 concentrations were determined with a Horiba MPA-510 magnetopneumatic analyzer. CO 2 concentrations were determined with a Hori ba VIA-510 infrared analyzer. Data from the analyzers were recorded on a data acquisitio n system (DAS). The CRA field operating procedure for RM 3A can be found in Appendix A.

2.4 MOISTURE DETERMINATION (RM 4)

For the engine outlet, moisture was measured us ing a RM 4 type train. An in-stack glass wool filter was used. The sample probe was pl aced at the centroid of the stack and left at one sample point for the duration of the test. Three, 35-minute sample runs were performed.

The CRA field operating procedure for RM 4 can be found in Appendix A.

2.5 TOTAL OXIDES OF NITROGEN (RM 7E)

Total NO
x concentrations were measured acco rding to USEPA RM 7E using a TECO Model 42C chemiluminescent analyzer. NO
x analysis was continuous with 10-second average concentrations recorded on a DAS. The analyzer operating range was 0-1000 for engine #2. The CRA field procedure for RM 7E is included in Appendix A.

An Environics Series 4000 was used to generate appropriate calibration gas concentrations from nitrogen and a USEPA Protocol gas: 905.5 ppmv NO in nitrogen.

2.6 CARBON MONOXIDE (RM 10)

CO concentrations were measured accordin g to RM 10. A TECO Model 48H analyzer was used. CO analysis was continuous with 10-second average concentrations recorded053707 (3) 5 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES on a DAS. The analyzer operating range was 0-1000 for engine #2. The CRA field procedure for RM 10 is included in Appendix A.053707 (3) 6 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

3.1 EQUIPMENT AND SAMPLING PREPARATION

Sampling equipment was cleaned and function s checked and calibrated prior to use in the field. The QA/QC procedures for samp ling operations included performing leak checks before and after each sample run. These were conducted on all train components including vacuum sample trains and pitot lines. If pre-test leak checks did not meet the acceptable criteria for each method, the trains were adjusted and the leaks were corrected. Post-test leak checks are mandatory and were performed and recorded on all

field data sheets.

3.1.1 GENERAL GLASS CLEANING

Following field use and sample recovery, all gl assware is cleaned for future use. This cleaning is accomplished by a five-step proced ure. After any and all vacuum grease is removed, all glassware is soaked for at least 10 minutes in a 45% w/v potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution which is maintain ed at a temperature of 37°C to 51°C (100°F to 125°F) to increase the cleaning efficiency . The glassware is washed three times with hot soapy water, followed by three rinses with hot tap water. Next, the glassware is

rinsed three times with distilled deionized water and, finally, rinsed three times with

acetone.

3.2 LEAK CHECK PROCEDURES

3.2.1 MOISTURE TRAIN

A leak check is mandatory at the conclusion of each sampling run. The leak check was conducted in accordance with the procedures outlined in EPA Method 4. The probe tip was plugged and the sample rate was adjusted until the desired vacuum is reached. If the leakage rate was found to be no greater than 0.02 cubic feet per minute (cfm), the results are acceptable. The leak checks pe rformed were all acceptable for this test

program.

3.2.2 PITOT LEAK CHECK

The pitot tubes to be used during the test program were leak checked prior to the test series and following each traverse set. The leak check was performed by placing flexible053707 (3) 7 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES tubing over the positive pre ssure side of the pitot tube tip. Next, the tubing was pressurized to greater than 3 inches of H 2 O and the tubing was pinched off. No loss of pressure for 15 seconds indicates a successful leak check. This procedure was repeated for the negative pressure (vacuum) side of the Pitot tube. Pitot leak checks performed were all acceptable for this test program

3.3 CALIBRATIONS

Table 3.1 presents a summary of the CR A pre and post-test calibrations for all equipment used for this test program. Calibration and gas certification sheets are located in Appendix C.

3.3.1 METER BOX CALIBRATION

Following the procedures outlined in EPA Method 5, Section 5.3.1, a standard dry gas meter is substituted for a wet test meter per EPA Method 5, Section 7.1. Primarily, the meter calibration factors (Y and H@) are dete rmined at multi-point calibration runs at a variety of flow rates. Factors calculated at the individual runs mu st agree within 2% of each other. The factors are then averaged and that average is posted on the meter box.

After each field sampling project, a post-tes t calibration was made. This consisted of three calibration runs at the average sampling rate seen for that project. The factors

calculated from the three individual runs must agree to within 2% of each other and are averaged. That average must ag ree to within 5% of the factor posted on the meter box.

Post-test calibration data for the mete r boxes may be found in Appendix C.

3.3.2 PITOT CALIBRATION

Pitot tubes are calibrated following the procedur es outlined in EPA Method 2, Section 4. Pitot tubes are given a baseline coefficien t when they meet certain geometrically measured angles and dimensions as set forth in the method. Post-test calibration data for the pitots may be found in Appendix C.053707 (3) 8 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 3.3.3 THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION

According to RM 2, Section 4.3, an NI ST Traceable Electronic Thermocouple Calibrator/Simulator (CAL-PAL) and calibrate d thermocouple is substituted for the mercury-in-glass thermometer. According to EMTIC GD-28, a single-point calibration check (at ambient temperature) of the thermo couple being calibrated is made. If the thermocouple being calibrated and the CAL-PA L are within ±2.0°F of each other, the calibration is acceptable. Post-test calibrati on data for thermocouples may be found in Appendix C.

3.3.4 BAROMETER CALIBRATION

CRA's barometer is compared to the baro meter from the National Weather Service (NWS) located at the Niagara Falls In ternational Airport. If the CRA barometer disagrees by more than ±2.3 mm (0.1 in.) of Hg from the barometer located at the airport, the CRA barometer is adjusted until it agrees with the NWS barometer.

When in the field, barometer readings ar e taken from the CRA barometer. At the conclusion of fieldwork, the barometer is brought back, checked against the NWS barometer, and corrected if necessary. Read ings taken in the field are corrected based on the degree of error between the CRA baro meter and the NWS barometer. Post-test

calibration data for barometer may be found in Appendix C.

3.4 CEMS SAMPLING PER FORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

The CEMs sampling QA/QC activities will include the following:

3.4.1 CALIBRATION ERROR (CE) TEST

The CE tests were accomplished following the procedures outlined in RM 7E, by first introducing the zero calibration gas and adjusting the instrument to read zero. Next, the high span gas was introduced, and the analyzer’s was adjusted to match this calibration gas certified concentration. Next, the mi d calibration gas was introduced, and the analyzers response must be within +/-2% of span. A calibration error data sheet is provided in Appendix B.053707 (3) 9 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 3.4.2 STRATIFICATION TEST

A stratification test of the gas stream was conducted before the first test run. The exhaust stack was traversed using 3 points located at 16.7, 50.0, and 83.3 percent of the stack diameter. Each point was sampled for 5 minutes. The three 5 minute blocks of data were averaged and found to be within +/- 5% of the overall average concentration

of the entire run.

3.4.3 NO 2 TO NO CONVER SION EFFICIENCY

During the initial setup of the continuous monitoring system, the efficiency of the NO 2 to NO converter was determined and document ed. For this test, a certified mixture of approximately 50 ppmv NO 2 in N 2 was introduced to the NO
x monitor. After the signal
stabilized, the NO
x value was verified as greater than or equal to 90% of the certified gas

value.

3.4.4 POST-TEST DRIFT CHECK

Following the procedure outlined in RM 7E, a post-test drift check was performed immediately following the sample run. The zero gas was introduced into the system, and the monitor's response was recorded. The span was drift checked in the same manner. Drift-check data sheets are provided in Appendix B.

3.5 DATA REDUCTION

The QA/QC procedure for data reduction includes using computer spreadsheet programs to generate tables of results. Data input files and equations are doublechecked by a second person, and tables are checked for transposition errors with spot calculations being performed by hand. Field data sheets for this test program may be found in Appendix B.053707 (3) 10 C ONESTOGA -R OVERS & A SSOCIATES 4.0 TEST RESULTS

The complete test results for carbon monoxi de and nitrogen oxides are presented in

Table 4.1.

4.1 DISCUSSION OF PERMIT REQUIREMENTS & RESULTS

The State Facility Permit for the engines lists a design emission rate of 3.0 g/bhp-hr for CO and 0.6 g/bhp-hr for NO
x . CO and NO
x measurements during this test program indicate that the engines are operating at 2.2 g/bhp-hr for CO and 0.4 g/bhp-hr for NO
x . Based on this information the emission so urce was operating in compliance with the permit requirements.053707 (3) TABLESR e f

erence Paramete r Metho d R uns Duration Comments

Gas Flow Rate RMs 1-2 3 N/A 1 per run

Molecular Wei g ht RM-3A 3 1 hour Concurrent with RM 7E samplin g

Moisture RM-4 3 35 min Concurrent with RM 7E samplin g

Oxides of Nitro g en RM-7E 3 1 hour Concurrent with RM 7E samplin g

Carbon Monoxide RM-10 1 hour Concurrent with RM 7E samplin g

Verification of RM-205 Durin g initial calibratio n Calibration Gas procedures
Dilution S y ste m CASELLA WASTE SYSTEMS JANUARY 8, 2009 TABLE 1.1

TEST METHODS

ENGINE #2 TEST

HYLAND LANDFILL

CRA 053707 (3)CalibratedEquipment Calibration CalibrationEquipmentReference With Limit ID Date Within Limit?Method 2 NWSSection 4.4 Barometer (a)Meter Box Method 5 Standard DryPre-Test Section 5 Gas MeterMeter Box Method 5 Standard DryPost-Test Section 5 Gas MeterReferenceThermocoupleNWS = National Weather ServiceNotes:(a) The elevations of CRA and the National Weather Service (at the Niagara Falls Airport) areright next each other, thus eliminatingthe need for elevation correction. The barometer is calibrated within1 month prior to field use. The date above refers to the post-test calibration date. Refer to the calibrationreport for pre-test calibration date.Pitot calibration checks include the measurement ofgeometric specifications; equipment is inspected for damageor misalignment followingeach field test.1/9/2009 YESBEO4194C12/29/2008 YES1/9/2009 YESTABLE 3.1EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION SUMMARYENGINE #2 TESTHYLAND LANDFILLCASELLA WASTE SYSTEMSJANUARY 8, 2009BarometerY: avg. within 5% of meterbox value± 0.1 in. Hg BE04923 1/9/2009 YESY: within ±0.02 of avg.ΔH@: within ±0.2 of avg.BE04906BE04905Pitot Assembly Method 2 (b)CRA 053707 (3)O2CO2Moisture FlowLocationRun # Start TimeStop Time% %%(dscfm) ppmvdg/bHp-Hr lbs/hr ppmvdg/bHp-Hr lbs/hrEngine #2 Outlet1 13:15 14:15 9.5 10.1 14 4411 65.9 0.42 2.1 563.1 2.20 10.82 14:48 15:48 9.4 10.0 11 4546 63.8 0.42 2.1 567.1 2..28 11.23 16:25 17:25 10.0 9.5 12 4545 61.0 0.40 2.0 531.6 2.14 10.5AVG.9.6 9.9 12 4501 63.6 0.41 2.1 553.9 2.17 10.8TABLE 4.1SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTSENGINE #2 TESTNOx COHYLAND LANDFILLCASELLA WASTE SYSTEMSJanuary 8, 2009CRA 053707 (3)