# Agenda'of'the'Talk

 TREATMENT'VS.'DISPOSAL

 Presenting' A'Cost'And'Risk'Assessment'Of'Water'Recycling'Versus' Water'Disposal'To'Demonstrate'The'Financial'Potential'Of'A'Smart' Water'Recycling' Program

 Aggregating'the'capital'expenditure'on'well'cost,'well'drilling'and'price

8 per 8 barrel'of'water'disposal'to'establish'an'accurate'comparison'with'the' cost'of'water'recycling

 Investigating'future'regulatory'direction'and'liability'on'disposal,'induced' seismicity'and'produced'water'spills'to'ensure'a'financially'feasible'long

8 term'water'recycle

8 reuse'strategy

 Demonstrating'chemical'and'mechanical'water'recycling'techniques'and' methods'to'allow'conservation'of'freshwater'sources

 Exploring'cost

8 effective'and'environmentally'friendly'uses'for'recycled' water,'including'irrigation,'to'enhance'public'perception'of'operations

 Analyzing'on

8 site'and'mobile'water'treatment'methods'to'eliminate' water'transportation'costs

## Volumes'involved'and'Costs'(example'case)

 More'than'5'million'gallons'(120,000'bbls)'over'a'short'period

 Flowback Water'(post

8 stimulation'shorter'period)'and'Produced'Water'(Life'of'the'well)

 Around'800,000'gal/well'of'waste'water'produced

 Flowback and'produced'water'combined'headed'to'exceed'4'billion'gals'by'2019'

60%'cost'reduction

(1)$Produced$and$Flow$back$Water$Recycling$and$Reuse

# Composition

 TDS: Salts,'Organic'matter,'Minerals'And'Inorganic'Constituents'(sodium,'calcium,'and' chloride'picked'up'from'rock'formation)'[preferable'if'less'than'500'mg/L]

 Composition: 98%'water'and'sand'PLUS'2%'friction'reducer,'biocide,'surfactant,'scale' inhibitor,'breaker,'Linear'Gel,'Cross

8 Linker'(Boron,'Zirconium,'Titanium'and'Aluminum)'and' clay'stabilizer

(1)$Produced$and$Flow$back$Water$Recycling$and$Reuse

# Issues

 Removing'Boron,'Calcium'

ʹ Too'expensive

 Cross

8 linking'sensitive'to'salts'in' Frac fluids

 Conventional'Treatment'Options:'Flocculations,'Coagulation,'Sedimentation,'Filtration'and' Lime'softening:'Non

8 dissolved'constituents,'such'as,'TSS,'oil'and'Grease,'hardness

 Advanced'Treatment'Options:'Reverse'osmosis'membranes,'Thermal'Distillation,' Electrolysis,'Evaporation'of'Crystallization'

ʹ Energy'Intensive'

 Limited'Salt'water'disposal'wells'and'associated'seismicity

## Old'vs.'New'Treatment'Methods'using'Chlorine'Dioxide

Old'methodology

New'methodology'

(2)$The$New$Reality$of$Hydraulic$Fracturing:$Treating$Produced$Water$is$Cheaper$than$Using$Fresh

## Chlorine'Dioxide'

ʹ cost
8 effective'and'potent'solution'?

(2)$The$New$Reality$of$Hydraulic$Fracturing:$Treating$Produced$Water$is$Cheaper$than$Using$Fresh

# Modifications'for'Borate'Cross

8 linked'Gels
Compatibility'with'friction'reducer

Rheology'Testing

Clarified,'Chlorine'Dioxide'Treated'and'Untreated'Water

(2)$The$New$Reality$of$Hydraulic$Fracturing:$Treating$Produced$Water$is$Cheaper$than$Using$Fresh

# Full

8 Scale'Implementation

(2)$The$New$Reality$of$Hydraulic$Fracturing:$Treating$Produced$Water$is$Cheaper$than$Using$Fresh

# QA/QC'and'Cost'Savings

65%'in'cost'savings

(2)$The$New$Reality$of$Hydraulic$Fracturing:$Treating$Produced$Water$is$Cheaper$than$Using$Fresh

## ŶŽƚŚĞƌŽƉĞƌĂƚŽƌ͛ƐǁĂƚĞƌƌĞĐLJĐůŝŶŐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚLJ

(3)$Approach$Resources$Investor$report

# Conclusions

 Logistics'(terminals)'and'Costs

 Recycled'water'compatibility'and'modifications



##  Sustainability'and'continuity'of'operations

# References 1. Produced'and' Flowback Water'Recycling'And' Reuse,' Pam$ Boschee (Oil$and$Gas$Facilities$Senior$ 

## Editor) 2. SPE'

8 174956,'The'New'reality'of' hydrualic Fracturing:'Treating'Produced'Water'is'Cheaper' 

## than'Using'Fresh,'Christopher'Barnes'et.'al. 3. Investor'Report'
ʹ Approach'Resources