I 

111TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 1385 

To extend Federal recognition to the Chickahominy Indian Tribe, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe-Eastern Division, the Upper Mattaponi Tribe, the 

Rappahannock Tribe, Inc., the Monacan Indian Nation, and the 

Nansemond Indian Tribe. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

MARCH 9, 2009 

Mr. MORAN of Virginia (for himself, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. WITTMAN, Mr. 

CONNOLLY of Virginia, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. PERRIELLO, and Mr. SCOTT

of Virginia) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources 

A BILL 

To extend Federal recognition to the Chickahominy Indian 

Tribe, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe-Eastern Division, 

the Upper Mattaponi Tribe, the Rappahannock Tribe, 

Inc., the Monacan Indian Nation, and the Nansemond 

Indian Tribe. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal 

6 Recognition Act of 2009’’. 


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1 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

2 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

TITLE I—CHICKAHOMINY INDIAN TRIBE 

Sec. 101. Findings. 

Sec. 102. Definitions. 

Sec. 103. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 104. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 105. Governing body. 

Sec. 106. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 107. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 108. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

TITLE II—CHICKAHOMINY INDIAN TRIBE—EASTERN DIVISION 

Sec. 201. Findings. 

Sec. 202. Definitions. 

Sec. 203. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 204. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 205. Governing body. 

Sec. 206. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 207. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 208. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

TITLE III—UPPER MATTAPONI TRIBE 

Sec. 301. Findings. 

Sec. 302. Definitions. 

Sec. 303. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 304. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 305. Governing body. 

Sec. 306. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 307. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 308. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

TITLE IV—RAPPAHANNOCK TRIBE, INC. 

Sec. 401. Findings. 

Sec. 402. Definitions. 

Sec. 403. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 404. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 405. Governing body. 

Sec. 406. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 407. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 408. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

TITLE V—MONACAN INDIAN NATION 

Sec. 501. Findings. 

Sec. 502. Definitions. 

Sec. 503. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 504. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 505. Governing body. 


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Sec. 506. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 507. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 508. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

TITLE VI—NANSEMOND INDIAN TRIBE 

Sec. 601. Findings. 

Sec. 602. Definitions. 

Sec. 603. Federal recognition. 

Sec. 604. Membership; governing documents. 

Sec. 605. Governing body. 

Sec. 606. Reservation of the Tribe. 

Sec. 607. Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, and water rights. 

Sec. 608. Jurisdiction of State of Virginia. 

1 TITLE I—CHICKAHOMINY 

2 INDIAN TRIBE 

3 SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

4 Congress finds that— 

5 (1) in 1607, when the English settlers set shore 

6 along the Virginia coastline, the Chickahominy In7 dian Tribe was 1 of about 30 tribes that received 

8 them; 

9 (2) in 1614, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe en10 tered into a treaty with Sir Thomas Dale, Governor 

11 of the Jamestown Colony, under which— 

12 (A) the Chickahominy Indian Tribe agreed 

13 to provide 2 bushels of corn per man and send 

14 warriors to protect the English; and 

15 (B) Sir Thomas Dale agreed in return to 

16 allow the Tribe to continue to practice its own 

17 tribal governance; 

18 (3) in 1646, a treaty was signed which forced 

19 the Chickahominy from their homeland to the area 


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1 around the York Mattaponi River in present-day 

2 King William County, leading to the formation of a 

3 reservation; 

4 (4) in 1677, following Bacon’s Rebellion, the 

5 Queen of Pamunkey signed the Treaty of Middle 

6 Plantation on behalf of the Chickahominy; 

7 (5) in 1702, the Chickahominy were forced 

8 from their reservation, which caused the loss of a 

9 land base; 

10 (6) in 1711, the College of William and Mary 

11 in Williamsburg established a grammar school for 

12 Indians called Brafferton College; 

13 (7) a Chickahominy child was 1 of the first In14 dians to attend Brafferton College; 

15 (8) in 1750, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

16 began to migrate from King William County back to 

17 the area around the Chickahominy River in New 

18 Kent and Charles City Counties; 

19 (9) in 1793, a Baptist missionary named 

20 Bradby took refuge with the Chickahominy and took 

21 a Chickahominy woman as his wife; 

22 (10) in 1831, the names of the ancestors of the 

23 modern-day Chickahominy Indian Tribe began to 

24 appear in the Charles City County census records; 


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1 (11) in 1901, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

2 formed Samaria Baptist Church; 

3 (12) from 1901 to 1935, Chickahominy men 

4 were assessed a tribal tax so that their children 

5 could receive an education; 

6 (13) the Tribe used the proceeds from the tax 

7 to build the first Samaria Indian School, buy sup8 plies, and pay a teacher’s salary; 

9 (14) in 1919, C. Lee Moore, Auditor of Public 

10 Accounts for Virginia, told Chickahominy Chief 

11 O.W. Adkins that he had instructed the Commis12 sioner of Revenue for Charles City County to record 

13 Chickahominy tribal members on the county tax rolls 

14 as Indian, and not as white or colored; 

15 (15) during the period of 1920 through 1930, 

16 various Governors of the Commonwealth of Virginia 

17 wrote letters of introduction for Chickahominy 

18 Chiefs who had official business with Federal agen19 cies in Washington, DC; 

20 (16) in 1934, Chickahominy Chief O.O. Adkins 

21 wrote to John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Af22 fairs, requesting money to acquire land for the 

23 Chickahominy Indian Tribe’s use, to build school, 

24 medical, and library facilities and to buy tractors, 

25 implements, and seed; 


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1 (17) in 1934, John Collier, Commissioner of In2 dian Affairs, wrote to Chickahominy Chief O.O. 

3 Adkins, informing him that Congress had passed the 

4 Act of June 18, 1934 (commonly known as the ‘‘In5 dian Reorganization Act’’) (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.), 

6 but had not made the appropriation to fund the Act; 

7 (18) in 1942, Chickahominy Chief O.O. Adkins 

8 wrote to John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Af9 fairs, asking for help in getting the proper racial 

10 designation on Selective Service records for Chicka11 hominy soldiers; 

12 (19) in 1943, John Collier, Commissioner of In13 dian Affairs, asked Douglas S. Freeman, editor of 

14 the Richmond News-Leader newspaper of Richmond, 

15 Virginia, to help Virginia Indians obtain proper ra16 cial designation on birth records; 

17 (20) Collier stated that his office could not offi18 cially intervene because it had no responsibility for 

19 the Virginia Indians, ‘‘as a matter largely of histor20 ical accident’’, but was ‘‘interested in them as de21 scendants of the original inhabitants of the region’’; 

22 (21) in 1948, the Veterans’ Education Com23 mittee of the Virginia State Board of Education ap24 proved Samaria Indian School to provide training to 

25 veterans; 


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1 (22) that school was established and run by the 

2 Chickahominy Indian Tribe; 

3 (23) in 1950, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

4 purchased and donated to the Charles City County 

5 School Board land to be used to build a modern 

6 school for students of the Chickahominy and other 

7 Virginia Indian tribes; 

8 (24) the Samaria Indian School included stu9 dents in grades 1 through 8; 

10 (25) In 1961, Senator Sam Ervin, Chairman of 

11 the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the 

12 Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, requested 

13 Chickahominy Chief O.O. Adkins to provide assist14 ance in analyzing the status of the constitutional 

15 rights of Indians ‘‘in your area’’; 

16 (26) in 1967, the Charles City County school 

17 board closed Samaria Indian School and converted 

18 the school to a countywide primary school as a step 

19 toward full school integration of Indian and non-In20 dian students; 

21 (27) in 1972, the Charles City County school 

22 board began receiving funds under the Indian Self23 Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 

24 U.S.C. 458aa et seq.) on behalf of Chickahominy 

25 students, which funding is provided as of the date 


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1 of enactment of this Act under title V of the Indian 

2 Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 

3 (25 U.S.C. 458aaa et seq.); 

4 (28) in 1974, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

5 bought land and built a tribal center using monthly 

6 pledges from tribal members to finance the trans7 actions; 

8 (29) in 1983, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

9 was granted recognition as an Indian tribe by the 

10 Commonwealth of Virginia, along with 5 other In11 dian tribes; and 

12 (30) in 1985, Governor Gerald Baliles was the 

13 special guest at an intertribal Thanksgiving Day 

14 dinner hosted by the Chickahominy Indian Tribe. 

15 SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS. 

16 In this title: 

17 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

18 the Secretary of the Interior. 

19 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem20 ber’’ means— 

21 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem22 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

23 this Act; and 


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1 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

2 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

3 with this title. 

4 (3) TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ means the 

5 Chickahominy Indian Tribe. 

6 SEC. 103. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

7 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

8 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex9 tended to the Tribe. 

10 (2) APPLICABILITY OF LAWS.—All laws (includ11 ing regulations) of the United States of general ap12 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

13 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 

14 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon15 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

16 and tribal members. 

17 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en19 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

20 shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided 

21 by the Federal Government to federally recognized 

22 Indian tribes without regard to— 

23 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

24 Tribe; or 


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1 (B) the location of the residence of any 

2 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva3 tion. 

4 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de5 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

6 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

7 the area comprised of New Kent County, James City 

8 County, Charles City County, and Henrico County, 

9 Virginia. 

10 SEC. 104. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

11 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

12 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov13 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

14 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 

15 SEC. 105. GOVERNING BODY. 

16 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

17 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

18 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

19 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

20 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

21 the governing documents of the Tribe. 

22 SEC. 106. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

24 Secretary of the Interior— 


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1 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

2 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac3 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

4 and 

5 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

6 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

7 lands are located within the boundaries of New Kent 

8 County, James City County, Charles City County, or 

9 Henrico County, Virginia. 

10 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec11 retary shall make a final written determination not later 

12 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

13 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

14 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

15 available to the Tribe. 

16 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

17 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para18 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

19 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

20 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac21 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

22 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

23 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 

24 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

25 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 


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1 SEC. 107. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

2 WATER RIGHTS. 

3 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

4 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

5 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

6 SEC. 108. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer8 cise jurisdiction over— 

9 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

10 and 

11 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 

12 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

13 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

14 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC15 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 

16 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

17 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

18 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de19 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

20 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

21 to reassume such jurisdiction. 

22 TITLE II—CHICKAHOMINY IN23 DIAN TRIBE—EASTERN DIVI24 SION 

25 SEC. 201. FINDINGS. 

26 Congress finds that— 


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1 (1) in 1607, when the English settlers set shore 

2 along the Virginia coastline, the Chickahominy In3 dian Tribe was 1 of about 30 tribes that received 

4 them; 

5 (2) in 1614, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe en6 tered into a treaty with Sir Thomas Dale, Governor 

7 of the Jamestown Colony, under which— 

8 (A) the Chickahominy Indian Tribe agreed 

9 to provide 2 bushels of corn per man and send 

10 warriors to protect the English; and 

11 (B) Sir Thomas Dale agreed in return to 

12 allow the Tribe to continue to practice its own 

13 tribal governance; 

14 (3) in 1646, a treaty was signed which forced 

15 the Chickahominy from their homeland to the area 

16 around the York River in present-day King William 

17 County, leading to the formation of a reservation; 

18 (4) in 1677, following Bacon’s Rebellion, the 

19 Queen of Pamunkey signed the Treaty of Middle 

20 Plantation on behalf of the Chickahominy; 

21 (5) in 1702, the Chickahominy were forced 

22 from their reservation, which caused the loss of a 

23 land base; 


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1 (6) in 1711, the College of William and Mary 

2 in Williamsburg established a grammar school for 

3 Indians called Brafferton College; 

4 (7) a Chickahominy child was 1 of the first In5 dians to attend Brafferton College; 

6 (8) in 1750, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

7 began to migrate from King William County back to 

8 the area around the Chickahominy River in New 

9 Kent and Charles City Counties; 

10 (9) in 1793, a Baptist missionary named 

11 Bradby took refuge with the Chickahominy and took 

12 a Chickahominy woman as his wife; 

13 (10) in 1831, the names of the ancestors of the 

14 modern-day Chickahominy Indian Tribe began to 

15 appear in the Charles City County census records; 

16 (11) in 1870, a census revealed an enclave of 

17 Indians in New Kent County that is believed to be 

18 the beginning of the Chickahominy Indian Tribe— 

19 Eastern Division; 

20 (12) other records were destroyed when the 

21 New Kent County courthouse was burned, leaving a 

22 State census as the only record covering that period; 

23 (13) in 1901, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

24 formed Samaria Baptist Church; 


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1 (14) from 1901 to 1935, Chickahominy men 

2 were assessed a tribal tax so that their children 

3 could receive an education; 

4 (15) the Tribe used the proceeds from the tax 

5 to build the first Samaria Indian School, buy sup6 plies, and pay a teacher’s salary; 

7 (16) in 1910, a 1-room school covering grades 

8 1 through 8 was established in New Kent County for 

9 the Chickahominy Indian Tribe—Eastern Division; 

10 (17) during the period of 1920 through 1921, 

11 the Chickahominy Indian Tribe—Eastern Division 

12 began forming a tribal government; 

13 (18) E.P. Bradby, the founder of the Tribe, 

14 was elected to be Chief; 

15 (19) in 1922, Tsena Commocko Baptist Church 

16 was organized; 

17 (20) in 1925, a certificate of incorporation was 

18 issued to the Chickahominy Indian Tribe—Eastern 

19 Division; 

20 (21) in 1950, the 1-room Indian school in New 

21 Kent County was closed and students were bused to 

22 Samaria Indian School in Charles City County; 

23 (22) in 1967, the Chickahominy Indian Tribe 

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1 sion lost their schools as a result of the required in2 tegration of students; 

3 (23) during the period of 1982 through 1984, 

4 Tsena Commocko Baptist Church built a new sanc5 tuary to accommodate church growth; 

6 (24) in 1983 the Chickahominy Indian Tribe— 

7 Eastern Division was granted State recognition 

8 along with 5 other Virginia Indian tribes; 

9 (25) in 1985— 

10 (A) the Virginia Council on Indians was 

11 organized as a State agency; and 

12 (B) the Chickahominy Indian Tribe—East13 ern Division was granted a seat on the Council; 

14 (26) in 1988, a nonprofit organization known 

15 as the ‘‘United Indians of Virginia’’ was formed; and 

16 (27) Chief Marvin ‘‘Strongoak’’ Bradby of the 

17 Eastern Band of the Chickahominy presently chairs 

18 the organization. 

19 SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS. 

20 In this title: 

21 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

22 the Secretary of the Interior. 

23 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem24 ber’’ means— 


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1 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem2 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

3 this Act; and 

4 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

5 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

6 with this title. 

7 (3) TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ means the 

8 Chickahominy Indian Tribe—Eastern Division. 

9 SEC. 203. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

10 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

11 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex12 tended to the Tribe. 

13 (2) APPLICABILITY OF LAWS.—All laws (includ14 ing regulations) of the United States of general ap15 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

16 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 

17 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon18 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

19 and tribal members. 

20 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en22 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

23 shall be eligible for all future services and benefits 

24 provided by the Federal Government to federally rec25 ognized Indian tribes without regard to— 


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1 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

2 Tribe; or 

3 (B) the location of the residence of any 

4 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva5 tion. 

6 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de7 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

8 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

9 the area comprised of New Kent County, James City 

10 County, Charles City County, and Henrico County, 

11 Virginia. 

12 SEC. 204. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

13 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

14 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov15 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

16 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 

17 SEC. 205. GOVERNING BODY. 

18 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

19 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

20 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

21 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

22 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

23 the governing documents of the Tribe. 


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1 SEC. 206. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

3 Secretary of the Interior— 

4 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

5 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac6 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

7 and 

8 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

9 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

10 lands are located within the boundaries of New Kent 

11 County, James City County, Charles City County, or 

12 Henrico County, Virginia. 

13 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec14 retary shall make a final written determination not later 

15 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

16 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

17 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

18 available to the Tribe. 

19 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

20 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para21 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

22 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

23 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac24 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

25 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

26 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 


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1 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

2 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 

3 SEC. 207. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

4 WATER RIGHTS. 

5 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

6 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

7 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

8 SEC. 208. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer10 cise jurisdiction over— 

11 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

12 and 

13 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 

14 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

15 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

16 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC17 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 

18 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

19 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

20 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de21 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

22 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

23 to reassume such jurisdiction. 


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1 TITLE III—UPPER MATTAPONI 

2 TRIBE 

3 SEC. 301. FINDINGS. 

4 Congress finds that— 

5 (1) during the period of 1607 through 1646, 

6 the Chickahominy Indian Tribes— 

7 (A) lived approximately 20 miles from 

8 Jamestown; and 

9 (B) were significantly involved in English10 Indian affairs; 

11 (2) Mattaponi Indians, who later joined the 

12 Chickahominy Indians, lived a greater distance from 

13 Jamestown; 

14 (3) in 1646, the Chickahominy Indians moved 

15 to Mattaponi River basin, away from the English; 

16 (4) in 1661, the Chickahominy Indians sold 

17 land at a place known as ‘‘the cliffs’’ on the 

18 Mattaponi River; 

19 (5) in 1669, the Chickahominy Indians— 

20 (A) appeared in the Virginia Colony’s cen21 sus of Indian bowmen; and 

22 (B) lived in ‘‘New Kent’’ County, which in23 cluded the Mattaponi River basin at that time; 

24 (6) in 1677, the Chickahominy and Mattaponi 

25 Indians were subjects of the Queen of Pamunkey, 


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1 who was a signatory to the Treaty of 1677 with the 

2 King of England; 

3 (7) in 1683, after a Mattaponi town was at4 tacked by Seneca Indians, the Mattaponi Indians 

5 took refuge with the Chickahominy Indians, and the 

6 history of the 2 groups was intertwined for many 

7 years thereafter; 

8 (8) in 1695, the Chickahominy and Mattaponi 

9 Indians— 

10 (A) were assigned a reservation by the Vir11 ginia Colony; and 

12 (B) traded land of the reservation for land 

13 at the place known as ‘‘the cliffs’’ (which, as of 

14 the date of enactment of this Act, is the 

15 Mattaponi Indian Reservation), which had been 

16 owned by the Mattaponi Indians before 1661; 

17 (9) in 1711, a Chickahominy boy attended the 

18 Indian School at the College of William and Mary; 

19 (10) in 1726, the Virginia Colony discontinued 

20 funding of interpreters for the Chickahominy and 

21 Mattaponi Indian Tribes; 

22 (11) James Adams, who served as an inter23 preter to the Indian tribes known as of the date of 

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1 dian Tribe’’ and ‘‘Chickahominy Indian Tribe’’, 

2 elected to stay with the Upper Mattaponi Indians; 

3 (12) today, a majority of the Upper Mattaponi 

4 Indians have ‘‘Adams’’ as their surname; 

5 (13) in 1787, Thomas Jefferson, in Notes on 

6 the Commonwealth of Virginia, mentioned the 

7 Mattaponi Indians on a reservation in King William 

8 County and said that Chickahominy Indians were 

9 ‘‘blended’’ with the Mattaponi Indians and nearby 

10 Pamunkey Indians; 

11 (14) in 1850, the census of the United States 

12 revealed a nucleus of approximately 10 families, all 

13 ancestral to modern Upper Mattaponi Indians, living 

14 in central King William County, Virginia, approxi15 mately 10 miles from the reservation; 

16 (15) during the period of 1853 through 1884, 

17 King William County marriage records listed Upper 

18 Mattaponis as ‘‘Indians’’ in marrying people residing 

19 on the reservation; 

20 (16) during the period of 1884 through the 

21 present, county marriage records usually refer to 

22 Upper Mattaponis as ‘‘Indians’’; 

23 (17) in 1901, Smithsonian anthropologist 

24 James Mooney heard about the Upper Mattaponi In25 dians but did not visit them; 


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1 (18) in 1928, University of Pennsylvania an2 thropologist Frank Speck published a book on mod3 ern Virginia Indians with a section on the Upper 

4 Mattaponis; 

5 (19) from 1929 until 1930, the leadership of 

6 the Upper Mattaponi Indians opposed the use of a 

7 ‘‘colored’’ designation in the 1930 United States 

8 census and won a compromise in which the Indian 

9 ancestry of the Upper Mattaponis was recorded but 

10 questioned; 

11 (20) during the period of 1942 through 1945— 

12 (A) the leadership of the Upper Mattaponi 

13 Indians, with the help of Frank Speck and oth14 ers, fought against the induction of young men 

15 of the Tribe into ‘‘colored’’ units in the Armed 

16 Forces of the United States; and 

17 (B) a tribal roll for the Upper Mattaponi 

18 Indians was compiled; 

19 (21) from 1945 to 1946, negotiations took 

20 place to admit some of the young people of the 

21 Upper Mattaponi to high schools for Federal Indians 

22 (especially at Cherokee) because no high school 

23 coursework was available for Indians in Virginia 

24 schools; and 


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1 (22) in 1983, the Upper Mattaponi Indians ap2 plied for and won State recognition as an Indian 

3 tribe. 

4 SEC. 302. DEFINITIONS. 

5 In this title: 

6 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

7 the Secretary of the Interior. 

8 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem9 ber’’ means— 

10 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem11 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

12 this Act; and 

13 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

14 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

15 with this title. 

16 (3) TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ means the 

17 Upper Mattaponi Tribe. 

18 SEC. 303. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

19 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

20 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex21 tended to the Tribe. 

22 (2) APPLICABILITY OF LAWS.—All laws (includ23 ing regulations) of the United States of general ap24 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

25 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 


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1 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon2 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

3 and tribal members. 

4 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en6 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

7 shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided 

8 by the Federal Government to federally recognized 

9 Indian tribes without regard to— 

10 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

11 Tribe; or 

12 (B) the location of the residence of any 

13 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva14 tion. 

15 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de16 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

17 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

18 the area within 25 miles of the Sharon Indian 

19 School at 13383 King William Road, King William 

20 County, Virginia. 

21 SEC. 304. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

22 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

23 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov24 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

25 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 


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1 SEC. 305. GOVERNING BODY. 

2 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

3 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

4 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

5 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

6 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

7 the governing documents of the Tribe. 

8 SEC. 306. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

10 Secretary of the Interior— 

11 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

12 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac13 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

14 and 

15 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

16 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

17 lands are located within the boundaries of King Wil18 liam County, Caroline County, Hanover County, 

19 King and Queen County, and New Kent County, 

20 Virginia. 

21 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec22 retary shall make a final written determination not later 

23 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

24 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

25 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

26 available to the Tribe. 


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1 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

2 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para3 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

4 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

5 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac6 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

7 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

8 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 

9 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

10 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 

11 SEC. 307. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

12 WATER RIGHTS. 

13 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

14 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

15 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

16 SEC. 308. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

17 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer18 cise jurisdiction over— 

19 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

20 and 

21 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 

22 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

23 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

24 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC25 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 


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1 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

2 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

3 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de4 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

5 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

6 to reassume such jurisdiction. 

7 TITLE IV—RAPPAHANNOCK 

8 TRIBE, INC. 

9 SEC. 401. FINDINGS. 

10 Congress finds that— 

11 (1) during the initial months after Virginia was 

12 settled, the Rappahannock Indians had 3 encounters 

13 with Captain John Smith; 

14 (2) the first encounter occurred when the Rap15 pahannock weroance (headman)— 

16 (A) traveled to Quiyocohannock (a prin17 cipal town across the James River from James18 town), where he met with Smith to determine 

19 whether Smith had been the ‘‘great man’’ who 

20 had previously sailed into the Rappahannock 

21 River, killed a Rappahannock weroance, and 

22 kidnapped Rappahannock people; and 

23 (B) determined that Smith was too short 

24 to be that ‘‘great man’’; 


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1 (3) on a second meeting, during John Smith’s 

2 captivity (December 16, 1607 to January 8, 1608), 

3 Smith was taken to the Rappahannock principal vil4 lage to show the people that Smith was not the 

5 ‘‘great man’’; 

6 (4) a third meeting took place during Smith’s 

7 exploration of the Chesapeake Bay (July to Sep8 tember 1608), when, after the Moraughtacund Indi9 ans had stolen 3 women from the Rappahannock 

10 King, Smith was prevailed upon to facilitate a peace11 ful truce between the Rappahannock and the 

12 Moraughtacund Indians; 

13 (5) in the settlement, Smith had the 2 Indian 

14 tribes meet on the spot of their first fight; 

15 (6) when it was established that both groups 

16 wanted peace, Smith told the Rappahannock King to 

17 select which of the 3 stolen women he wanted; 

18 (7) the Moraughtacund King was given second 

19 choice among the 2 remaining women, and Mosco, a 

20 Wighcocomoco (on the Potomac River) guide, was 

21 given the third woman; 

22 (8) in 1645, Captain William Claiborne tried 

23 unsuccessfully to establish treaty relations with the 

24 Rappahannocks, as the Rappahannocks had not par25 ticipated in the Pamunkey-led uprising in 1644, and 


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1 the English wanted to ‘‘treat with the 

2 Rappahannocks or any other Indians not in amity 

3 with Opechancanough, concerning serving the county 

4 against the Pamunkeys’’; 

5 (9) in April 1651, the Rappahannocks conveyed 

6 a tract of land to an English settler, Colonel Morre 

7 Fauntleroy; 

8 (10) the deed for the conveyance was signed by 

9 Accopatough, weroance of the Rappahannock Indi10 ans; 

11 (11) in September 1653, Lancaster County 

12 signed a treaty with Rappahannock Indians, the 

13 terms of which treaty— 

14 (A) gave Rappahannocks the rights of 

15 Englishmen in the county court; and 

16 (B) attempted to make the Rappahannocks 

17 more accountable under English law; 

18 (12) in September 1653, Lancaster County de19 fined and marked the bounds of its Indian settle20 ments; 

21 (13) according to the Lancaster clerk of court, 

22 ‘‘the tribe called the great Rappahannocks lived on 

23 the Rappahannock Creek just across the river above 

24 Tappahannock’’; 


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1 (14) in September 1656, (Old) Rappahannock 

2 County (which, as of the date of enactment of this 

3 Act, is comprised of Richmond and Essex Counties, 

4 Virginia) signed a treaty with Rappahannock Indi5 ans that— 

6 (A) mirrored the Lancaster County treaty 

7 from 1653; and 

8 (B) stated that— 

9 (i) Rappahannocks were to be re10 warded, in Roanoke, for returning English 

11 fugitives; and 

12 (ii) the English encouraged the 

13 Rappahannocks to send their children to 

14 live among the English as servants, who 

15 the English promised would be well-treat16 ed; 

17 (15) in 1658, the Virginia Assembly revised a 

18 1652 Act stating that ‘‘there be no grants of land 

19 to any Englishman whatsoever de futuro until the 

20 Indians be first served with the proportion of 50 

21 acres of land for each bowman’’; 

22 (16) in 1669, the colony conducted a census of 

23 Virginia Indians; 

24 (17) as of the date of that census— 


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1 (A) the majority of the Rappahannocks 

2 were residing at their hunting village on the 

3 north side of the Mattaponi River; and 

4 (B) at the time of the visit, census-takers 

5 were counting only the Indian tribes along the 

6 rivers, which explains why only 30 Rappahan7 nock bowmen were counted on that river; 

8 (18) the Rappahannocks used the hunting vil9 lage on the north side of the Mattaponi River as 

10 their primary residence until the Rappahannocks 

11 were removed in 1684; 

12 (19) in May 1677, the Treaty of Middle Planta13 tion was signed with England; 

14 (20) the Pamunkey Queen Cockacoeske signed 

15 on behalf of the Rappahannocks, ‘‘who were sup16 posed to be her tributaries’’, but before the treaty 

17 could be ratified, the Queen of Pamunkey com18 plained to the Virginia Colonial Council ‘‘that she 

19 was having trouble with Rappahannocks and 

20 Chickahominies, supposedly tributaries of hers’’; 

21 (21) in November 1682, the Virginia Colonial 

22 Council established a reservation for the Rappahan23 nock Indians of 3,474 acres ‘‘about the town where 

24 they dwelt’’; 


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1 (22) the Rappahannock ‘‘town’’ was the hunt2 ing village on the north side of the Mattaponi River, 

3 where the Rappahannocks had lived throughout the 

4 1670s; 

5 (23) the acreage allotment of the reservation 

6 was based on the 1658 Indian land act, which trans7 lates into a bowman population of 70, or an approxi8 mate total Rappahannock population of 350; 

9 (24) in 1683, following raids by Iroquoian war10 riors on both Indian and English settlements, the 

11 Virginia Colonial Council ordered the Rappahan12 nocks to leave their reservation and unite with the 

13 Nanzatico Indians at Nanzatico Indian Town, which 

14 was located across and up the Rappahannock River 

15 some 30 miles; 

16 (25) between 1687 and 1699, the Rappahan17 nocks migrated out of Nanzatico, returning to the 

18 south side of the Rappahannock River at Portobacco 

19 Indian Town; 

20 (26) in 1706, by order of Essex County, Lieu21 tenant Richard Covington ‘‘escorted’’ the Portobac22 cos and Rappahannocks out of Portobacco Indian 

23 Town, out of Essex County, and into King and 

24 Queen County where they settled along the ridgeline 

25 between the Rappahannock and Mattaponi Rivers, 


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1 the site of their ancient hunting village and 1682 

2 reservation; 

3 (27) during the 1760s, 3 Rappahannock girls 

4 were raised on Thomas Nelson’s Bleak Hill Planta5 tion in King William County; 

6 (28) of those girls— 

7 (A) 1 married a Saunders man; 

8 (B) 1 married a Johnson man; and 

9 (C) 1 had 2 children, Edmund and Carter 

10 Nelson, fathered by Thomas Cary Nelson; 

11 (29) in the 19th century, those Saunders, John12 son, and Nelson families are among the core Rappa13 hannock families from which the modern Tribe 

14 traces its descent; 

15 (30) in 1819 and 1820, Edward Bird, John 

16 Bird (and his wife), Carter Nelson, Edmund Nelson, 

17 and Carter Spurlock (all Rappahannock ancestors) 

18 were listed on the tax roles of King and Queen 

19 County and taxed at the county poor rate; 

20 (31) Edmund Bird was added to the tax roles 

21 in 1821; 

22 (32) those tax records are significant docu23 mentation because the great majority of pre-1864 

24 records for King and Queen County were destroyed 

25 by fire; 


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1 (33) beginning in 1819, and continuing through 

2 the 1880s, there was a solid Rappahannock presence 

3 in the membership at Upper Essex Baptist Church; 

4 (34) that was the first instance of conversion to 

5 Christianity by at least some Rappahannock Indians; 

6 (35) while 26 identifiable and traceable Rappa7 hannock surnames appear on the pre-1863 member8 ship list, and 28 were listed on the 1863 member9 ship roster, the number of surnames listed had de10 clined to 12 in 1878 and had risen only slightly to 

11 14 by 1888; 

12 (36) a reason for the decline is that in 1870, 

13 a Methodist circuit rider, Joseph Mastin, secured 

14 funds to purchase land and construct St. Stephens 

15 Baptist Church for the Rappahannocks living nearby 

16 in Caroline County; 

17 (37) Mastin referred to the Rappahannocks 

18 during the period of 1850 to 1870 as ‘‘Indians, hav19 ing a great need for moral and Christian guidance’’; 

20 (38) St. Stephens was the dominant tribal 

21 church until the Rappahannock Indian Baptist 

22 Church was established in 1964; 

23 (39) at both churches, the core Rappahannock 

24 family names of Bird, Clarke, Fortune, Johnson, 

25 Nelson, Parker, and Richardson predominate; 


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1 (40) during the early 1900s, James Mooney, 

2 noted anthropologist, maintained correspondence 

3 with the Rappahannocks, surveying them and in4 structing them on how to formalize their tribal gov5 ernment; 

6 (41) in November 1920, Speck visited the 

7 Rappahannocks and assisted them in organizing the 

8 fight for their sovereign rights; 

9 (42) in 1921, the Rappahannocks were granted 

10 a charter from the Commonwealth of Virginia for11 malizing their tribal government; 

12 (43) Speck began a professional relationship 

13 with the Tribe that would last more than 30 years 

14 and document Rappahannock history and traditions 

15 as never before; 

16 (44) in April 1921, Rappahannock Chief 

17 George Nelson asked the Governor of Virginia, 

18 Westmoreland Davis, to forward a proclamation to 

19 the President of the United States, along with an 

20 appended list of tribal members and a handwritten 

21 copy of the proclamation itself; 

22 (45) the letter concerned Indian freedom of 

23 speech and assembly nationwide; 

24 (46) in 1922, the Rappahannocks established a 

25 formal school at Lloyds, Essex County, Virginia; 


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1 (47) prior to establishment of the school, Rap2 pahannock children were taught by a tribal member 

3 in Central Point, Caroline County, Virginia; 

4 (48) in December 1923, Rappahannock Chief 

5 George Nelson testified before Congress appealing 

6 for a $50,000 appropriation to establish an Indian 

7 school in Virginia; 

8 (49) in 1930, the Rappahannocks were engaged 

9 in an ongoing dispute with the Commonwealth of 

10 Virginia and the United States Census Bureau 

11 about their classification in the 1930 Federal cen12 sus; 

13 (50) in January 1930, Rappahannock Chief 

14 Otho S. Nelson wrote to Leon Truesdell, Chief Stat15 istician of the United States Census Bureau, asking 

16 that the 218 enrolled Rappahannocks be listed as 

17 Indians; 

18 (51) in February 1930, Truesdell replied to 

19 Nelson saying that ‘‘special instructions’’ were being 

20 given about classifying Indians; 

21 (52) in April 1930, Nelson wrote to William M. 

22 Steuart at the Census Bureau asking about the enu23 merators’ failure to classify his people as Indians, 

24 saying that enumerators had not asked the question 

25 about race when they interviewed his people; 


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1 (53) in a followup letter to Truesdell, Nelson 

2 reported that the enumerators were ‘‘flatly denying’’ 

3 his people’s request to be listed as Indians and that 

4 the race question was completely avoided during 

5 interviews; 

6 (54) the Rappahannocks had spoken with Caro7 line and Essex County enumerators, and with John 

8 M.W. Green at that point, without success; 

9 (55) Nelson asked Truesdell to list people as 

10 Indians if he sent a list of members; 

11 (56) the matter was settled by William Steuart, 

12 who concluded that the Bureau’s rule was that peo13 ple of Indian descent could be classified as ‘‘Indian’’ 

14 only if Indian ‘‘blood’’ predominated and ‘‘Indian’’ 

15 identity was accepted in the local community; 

16 (57) the Virginia Vital Statistics Bureau 

17 classed all nonreservation Indians as ‘‘Negro’’, and 

18 it failed to see why ‘‘an exception should be made’’ 

19 for the Rappahannocks; 

20 (58) therefore, in 1925, the Indian Rights As21 sociation took on the Rappahannock case to assist 

22 the Rappahannocks in fighting for their recognition 

23 and rights as an Indian tribe; 

24 (59) during the Second World War, the 

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1 pahannocks had to fight the draft boards with re2 spect to their racial identities; 

3 (60) the Virginia Vital Statistics Bureau in4 sisted that certain Indian draftees be inducted into 

5 Negro units; 

6 (61) finally, 3 Rappahannocks were convicted of 

7 violating the Federal draft laws and, after spending 

8 time in a Federal prison, were granted conscientious 

9 objector status and served out the remainder of the 

10 war working in military hospitals; 

11 (62) in 1943, Frank Speck noted that there 

12 were approximately 25 communities of Indians left 

13 in the Eastern United States that were entitled to 

14 Indian classification, including the Rappahannocks; 

15 (63) in the 1940s, Leon Truesdell, Chief Stat16 istician, of the United States Census Bureau, listed 

17 118 members in the Rappahannock Tribe in the In18 dian population of Virginia; 

19 (64) on April 25, 1940, the Office of Indian Af20 fairs of the Department of the Interior included the 

21 Rappahannocks on a list of Indian tribes classified 

22 by State and by agency; 

23 (65) in 1948, the Smithsonian Institution An24 nual Report included an article by William Harlen 

25 Gilbert entitled, ‘‘Surviving Indian Groups of the 


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1 Eastern United States’’, which included and de2 scribed the Rappahannock Tribe; 

3 (66) in the late 1940s and early 1950s, the 

4 Rappahannocks operated a school at Indian Neck; 

5 (67) the State agreed to pay a tribal teacher to 

6 teach 10 students bused by King and Queen County 

7 to Sharon Indian School in King William County, 

8 Virginia; 

9 (68) in 1965, Rappahannock students entered 

10 Marriott High School (a white public school) by ex11 ecutive order of the Governor of Virginia; 

12 (69) in 1972, the Rappahannocks worked with 

13 the Coalition of Eastern Native Americans to fight 

14 for Federal recognition; 

15 (70) in 1979, the Coalition established a pot16 tery and artisans company, operating with other Vir17 ginia tribes; 

18 (71) in 1980, the Rappahannocks received 

19 funding through the Administration for Native 

20 Americans of the Department of Health and Human 

21 Services to develop an economic program for the 

22 Tribe; and 

23 (72) in 1983, the Rappahannocks received 

24 State recognition as an Indian tribe. 


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1 SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this title: 

3 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

4 the Secretary of the Interior. 

5 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem6 ber’’ means— 

7 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem8 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

9 this Act; and 

10 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

11 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

12 with this title. 

13 (3) TRIBE.— 

14 (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ 

15 means the organization possessing the legal 

16 name Rappahannock Tribe, Inc. 

17 (B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ does 

18 not include any other Indian tribe, subtribe, 

19 band, or splinter group the members of which 

20 represent themselves as Rappahannock Indians. 

21 SEC. 403. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

22 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

23 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex24 tended to the Tribe. 

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1 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

2 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 

3 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon4 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

5 and tribal members. 

6 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en8 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

9 shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided 

10 by the Federal Government to federally recognized 

11 Indian tribes without regard to— 

12 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

13 Tribe; or 

14 (B) the location of the residence of any 

15 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva16 tion. 

17 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de18 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

19 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

20 the area comprised of King and Queen County, 

21 Caroline County, Essex County, Spotsylvania Coun22 ty, Stafford County, and Richmond County, Vir23 ginia. 


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1 SEC. 404. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

2 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

3 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov4 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

5 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 

6 SEC. 405. GOVERNING BODY. 

7 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

8 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

9 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

10 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

11 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

12 the governing documents of the Tribe. 

13 SEC. 406. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

15 Secretary of the Interior— 

16 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

17 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac18 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

19 and 

20 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

21 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

22 lands are located within the boundaries of King and 

23 Queen County, Stafford County, Spotsylvania Coun24 ty, Richmond County, Essex County, and Caroline 

25 County, Virginia. 


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1 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec2 retary shall make a final written determination not later 

3 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

4 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

5 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

6 available to the Tribe. 

7 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

8 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para9 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

10 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

11 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac12 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

13 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

14 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 

15 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

16 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 

17 SEC. 407. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

18 WATER RIGHTS. 

19 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

20 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

21 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

22 SEC. 408. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer24 cise jurisdiction over— 


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1 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

2 and 

3 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 

4 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

5 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

6 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC7 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 

8 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

9 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

10 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de11 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

12 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

13 to reassume such jurisdiction. 

14 TITLE V—MONACAN INDIAN 

15 NATION 

16 SEC. 501. FINDINGS. 

17 Congress finds that— 

18 (1) In 1677, the Monacan Tribe signed the 

19 Treaty of Middle Plantation between Charles II of 

20 England and 12 Indian ‘‘Kings and Chief Men’’; 

21 (2) in 1722, in the Treaty of Albany, Governor 

22 Spotswood negotiated to save the Virginia Indians 

23 from extinction at the hands of the Iroquois; 

24 (3) specifically mentioned in the negotiations 

25 were the Monacan tribes of the Totero (Tutelo), 


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1 Saponi, Ocheneeches (Occaneechi), Stengenocks, and 

2 Meipontskys; 

3 (4) in 1790, the first national census recorded 

4 Benjamin Evans and Robert Johns, both ancestors 

5 of the present Monacan community, listed as 

6 ‘‘white’’ with mulatto children; 

7 (5) in 1782, tax records also began for those 

8 families; 

9 (6) in 1850, the United States census recorded 

10 29 families, mostly large, with Monacan surnames, 

11 the members of which are genealogically related to 

12 the present community; 

13 (7) in 1870, a log structure was built at the 

14 Bear Mountain Indian Mission; 

15 (8) in 1908, the structure became an Episcopal 

16 Mission and, as of the date of enactment of this Act, 

17 the structure is listed as a landmark on the National 

18 Register of Historic Places; 

19 (9) in 1920, 304 Amherst Indians were identi20 fied in the United States census; 

21 (10) from 1930 through 1931, numerous letters 

22 from Monacans to the Bureau of the Census re23 sulted from the decision of Dr. Walter Plecker, 

24 former head of the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the 


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1 State of Virginia, not to allow Indians to register as 

2 Indians for the 1930 census; 

3 (11) the Monacans eventually succeeded in 

4 being allowed to claim their race, albeit with an as5 terisk attached to a note from Dr. Plecker stating 

6 that there were no Indians in Virginia; 

7 (12) in 1947, D’Arcy McNickle, a Salish In8 dian, saw some of the children at the Amherst Mis9 sion and requested that the Cherokee Agency visit 

10 them because they appeared to be Indian; 

11 (13) that letter was forwarded to the Depart12 ment of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Chi13 cago, Illinois; 

14 (14) Chief Jarrett Blythe of the Eastern Band 

15 of Cherokee did visit the Mission and wrote that he 

16 ‘‘would be willing to accept these children in the 

17 Cherokee school’’; 

18 (15) in 1979, a Federal Coalition of Eastern 

19 Native Americans established the entity known as 

20 ‘‘Monacan Co-operative Pottery’’ at the Amherst 

21 Mission; 

22 (16) some important pieces were produced at 

23 Monacan Co-operative Pottery, including a piece 

24 that was sold to the Smithsonian Institution; 


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1 (17) the Mattaponi-Pamunkey-Monacan Con2 sortium, established in 1981, has since been orga3 nized as a nonprofit corporation that serves as a ve4 hicle to obtain funds for those Indian tribes from the 

5 Department of Labor under Native American pro6 grams; 

7 (18) in 1989, the Monacan Tribe was recog8 nized by the State of Virginia, which enabled the 

9 Tribe to apply for grants and participate in other 

10 programs; and 

11 (19) in 1993, the Monacan Tribe received tax12 exempt status as a nonprofit corporation from the 

13 Internal Revenue Service. 

14 SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS. 

15 In this title: 

16 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

17 the Secretary of the Interior. 

18 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem19 ber’’ means— 

20 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem21 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

22 this Act; and 

23 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

24 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

25 with this title. 


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1 (3) TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ means the Mon2 acan Indian Nation. 

3 SEC. 503. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

4 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex6 tended to the Tribe. 

7 (2) APPLICABILITY OF LAWS.—All laws (includ8 ing regulations) of the United States of general ap9 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

10 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 

11 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon12 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

13 and tribal members. 

14 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en16 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

17 shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided 

18 by the Federal Government to federally recognized 

19 Indian tribes without regard to— 

20 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

21 Tribe; or 

22 (B) the location of the residence of any 

23 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva24 tion. 


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1 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de2 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

3 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

4 the area comprised of all land within 25 miles from 

5 the center of Amherst, Virginia. 

6 SEC. 504. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

7 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

8 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov9 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

10 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 

11 SEC. 505. GOVERNING BODY. 

12 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

13 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

14 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

15 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

16 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

17 the governing documents of the Tribe. 

18 SEC. 506. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

20 Secretary of the Interior— 

21 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

22 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac23 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

24 and 


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1 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

2 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

3 lands are located within the boundaries of Albemarle 

4 County, Alleghany County, Amherst County, Au5 gusta County, Campbell County, Nelson County, and 

6 Rockbridge County, Virginia. 

7 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec8 retary shall make a final written determination not later 

9 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

10 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

11 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

12 available to the Tribe. 

13 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

14 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para15 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

16 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

17 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac18 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

19 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

20 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 

21 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

22 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 


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1 SEC. 507. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

2 WATER RIGHTS. 

3 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

4 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

5 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

6 SEC. 508. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

7 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer8 cise jurisdiction over— 

9 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

10 and 

11 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 

12 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

13 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

14 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC15 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 

16 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

17 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

18 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de19 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

20 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

21 to reassume such jurisdiction. 

22 TITLE VI—NANSEMOND INDIAN 

23 TRIBE 

24 SEC. 601. FINDINGS. 

25 Congress finds that— 


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1 (1) from 1607 until 1646, Nansemond Indi2 ans— 

3 (A) lived approximately 30 miles from 

4 Jamestown; and 

5 (B) were significantly involved in English6 Indian affairs; 

7 (2) after 1646, there were 2 sections of 

8 Nansemonds in communication with each other, the 

9 Christianized Nansemonds in Norfolk County, who 

10 lived as citizens, and the traditionalist Nansemonds, 

11 who lived further west; 

12 (3) in 1638, according to an entry in a 17th 

13 century sermon book still owned by the Chief’s fam14 ily, a Norfolk County Englishman married a Nanse15 mond woman; 

16 (4) that man and woman are lineal ancestors of 

17 all of members of the Nansemond Indian tribe alive 

18 as of the date of enactment of this Act, as are some 

19 of the traditionalist Nansemonds; 

20 (5) in 1669, the 2 Nansemond sections ap21 peared in Virginia Colony’s census of Indian bow22 men; 

23 (6) in 1677, Nansemond Indians were signato24 ries to the Treaty of 1677 with the King of Eng25 land; 


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1 (7) in 1700 and 1704, the Nansemonds and 

2 other Virginia Indian tribes were prevented by Vir3 ginia Colony from making a separate peace with the 

4 Iroquois; 

5 (8) Virginia represented those Indian tribes in 

6 the final Treaty of Albany, 1722; 

7 (9) in 1711, a Nansemond boy attended the In8 dian School at the College of William and Mary; 

9 (10) in 1727, Norfolk County granted William 

10 Bass and his kinsmen the ‘‘Indian privileges’’ of 

11 clearing swamp land and bearing arms (which privi12 leges were forbidden to other nonwhites) because of 

13 their Nansemond ancestry, which meant that Bass 

14 and his kinsmen were original inhabitants of that 

15 land; 

16 (11) in 1742, Norfolk County issued a certifi17 cate of Nansemond descent to William Bass; 

18 (12) from the 1740s to the 1790s, the tradi19 tionalist section of the Nansemond tribe, 40 miles 

20 west of the Christianized Nansemonds, was dealing 

21 with reservation land; 

22 (13) the last surviving members of that section 

23 sold out in 1792 with the permission of the State of 

24 Virginia; 


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1 (14) in 1797, Norfolk County issued a certifi2 cate stating that William Bass was of Indian and 

3 English descent, and that his Indian line of ancestry 

4 ran directly back to the early 18th century elder in 

5 a traditionalist section of Nansemonds on the res6 ervation; 

7 (15) in 1833, Virginia enacted a law enabling 

8 people of European and Indian descent to obtain a 

9 special certificate of ancestry; 

10 (16) the law originated from the county in 

11 which Nansemonds lived, and mostly Nansemonds, 

12 with a few people from other counties, took advan13 tage of the new law; 

14 (17) a Methodist mission established around 

15 1850 for Nansemonds is currently a standard Meth16 odist congregation with Nansemond members; 

17 (18) in 1901, Smithsonian anthropologist 

18 James Mooney— 

19 (A) visited the Nansemonds; and 

20 (B) completed a tribal census that counted 

21 61 households and was later published; 

22 (19) in 1922, Nansemonds were given a special 

23 Indian school in the segregated school system of 

24 Norfolk County; 

25 (20) the school survived only a few years; 


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1 (21) in 1928, University of Pennsylvania an2 thropologist Frank Speck published a book on mod3 ern Virginia Indians that included a section on the 

4 Nansemonds; and 

5 (22) the Nansemonds were organized formally, 

6 with elected officers, in 1984, and later applied for 

7 and received State recognition. 

8 SEC. 602. DEFINITIONS. 

9 In this title: 

10 (1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 

11 the Secretary of the Interior. 

12 (2) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘tribal mem13 ber’’ means— 

14 (A) an individual who is an enrolled mem15 ber of the Tribe as of the date of enactment of 

16 this Act; and 

17 (B) an individual who has been placed on 

18 the membership rolls of the Tribe in accordance 

19 with this title. 

20 (3) TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Tribe’’ means the 

21 Nansemond Indian Tribe. 

22 SEC. 603. FEDERAL RECOGNITION. 

23 (a) FEDERAL RECOGNITION.— 

24 (1) IN GENERAL.—Federal recognition is ex25 tended to the Tribe. 


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1 (2) APPLICABILITY OF LAWS.—All laws (includ2 ing regulations) of the United States of general ap3 plicability to Indians or nations, Indian tribes, or 

4 bands of Indians (including the Act of June 18, 

5 1934 (25 U.S.C. 461 et seq.)) that are not incon6 sistent with this title shall be applicable to the Tribe 

7 and tribal members. 

8 (b) FEDERAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS.— 

9 (1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date of en10 actment of this Act, the Tribe and tribal members 

11 shall be eligible for all services and benefits provided 

12 by the Federal Government to federally recognized 

13 Indian tribes without regard to— 

14 (A) the existence of a reservation for the 

15 Tribe; or 

16 (B) the location of the residence of any 

17 tribal member on or near any Indian reserva18 tion. 

19 (2) SERVICE AREA.—For the purpose of the de20 livery of Federal services to tribal members, the 

21 service area of the Tribe shall be considered to be 

22 the area comprised of the cities of Chesapeake, 

23 Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suf24 folk, and Virginia Beach, Virginia. 


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1 SEC. 604. MEMBERSHIP; GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. 

2 The membership roll and governing documents of the 

3 Tribe shall be the most recent membership roll and gov4 erning documents, respectively, submitted by the Tribe to 

5 the Secretary before the date of enactment of this Act. 

6 SEC. 605. GOVERNING BODY. 

7 The governing body of the Tribe shall be— 

8 (1) the governing body of the Tribe in place as 

9 of the date of enactment of this Act; or 

10 (2) any subsequent governing body elected in 

11 accordance with the election procedures specified in 

12 the governing documents of the Tribe. 

13 SEC. 606. RESERVATION OF THE TRIBE. 

14 (a) IN GENERAL.—Upon the request of the Tribe, the 

15 Secretary of the Interior— 

16 (1) shall take into trust for the benefit of the 

17 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe that was ac18 quired by the Tribe on or before January 1, 2007; 

19 and 

20 (2) may take into trust for the benefit of the 

21 Tribe any land held in fee by the Tribe, if such 

22 lands are located within the boundaries of the city 

23 of Suffolk, the city of Chesapeake, or Isle of Wight 

24 County, Virginia. 

25 (b) DEADLINE FOR DETERMINATION.—The Sec26 retary shall make a final written determination not later 


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1 than three years of the date which the Tribe submits a 

2 request for land to be taken into trust under subsection 

3 (a)(2) and shall immediately make that determination 

4 available to the Tribe. 

5 (c) RESERVATION STATUS.—Any land taken into 

6 trust for the benefit of the Tribe pursuant to this para7 graph shall, upon request of the Tribe, be considered part 

8 of the reservation of the Tribe. 

9 (d) GAMING.—The Tribe may not conduct gaming ac10 tivities as a matter of claimed inherent authority or under 

11 the authority of any Federal law, including the Indian 

12 Gaming Regulatory Act (25 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) or under 

13 any regulations thereunder promulgated by the Secretary 

14 or the National Indian Gaming Commission. 

15 SEC. 607. HUNTING, FISHING, TRAPPING, GATHERING, AND 

16 WATER RIGHTS. 

17 Nothing in this title expands, reduces, or affects in 

18 any manner any hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, or 

19 water rights of the Tribe and members of the Tribe. 

20 SEC. 608. JURISDICTION OF STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—The State of Virginia shall exer22 cise jurisdiction over— 

23 (1) all criminal offenses that are committed on; 

24 and 

25 (2) all civil actions that arise on, 


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1 lands located within the State of Virginia that are owned 

2 by, or held in trust by the United States for, the Tribe. 

3 (b) ACCEPTANCE OF STATE JURISDICTION BY SEC4 RETARY.—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to 

5 accept on behalf of the United States, after consulting 

6 with the Attorney General of the United States, all or any 

7 portion of the jurisdiction of the State of Virginia de8 scribed in subsection (a) upon verification by the Secretary 

9 of a certification by a tribe that it possesses the capacity 

10 to reassume such jurisdiction. 

Æ 


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