For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are 

kindly asked to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies.

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

IMO 

E

MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 

COMMITTEE 

60th session 

Agenda item 2 

MEPC 60/2/7

 25 August 2009

 Original: ENGLISH

HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN BALLAST WATER 

Application for Basic Approval of Kwang San Co., Ltd. (KS) Ballast Water 

Management System ìEn-Ballastî 

Submitted by the Republic of Korea 

SUMMARY

Executive summary: This document contains the non-confidential information related to 

the application for Basic Approval of Kwang San Co., Ltd. 

(KS) Ballast Water Management System ìEn-Ballastî, under the 

ìProcedure for approval of ballast water management systems that 

make use of Active Substances (G9)î adopted by resolution 

MEPC.169(57) 

Strategic direction: 7.1 

High-level action: 7.1.2 

Planned output: 7.1.2.4 

Action to be taken: Paragraph 6 

Related documents: BWM/CONF/36; MEPC 53/24/Add.1; MEPC 58/23 and BWM.2/Circ.18 

Introduction

1 Regulation D-3.2 of the BWM Convention for the Control and Management of Shipsí 

Ballast Water and Sediments stipulates that ballast water management systems that make use 

of Active Substances to comply with the Convention shall be approved by the Organization. 

2 The ìProcedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of 

Active Substances (G9)î, adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57), defines the principal aspects to 

be documented by data or testing (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, paragraph 4.2.1) and provisions for 

risk characterization and analysis (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, section 5). According to section 6 of 

Procedure (G9), the Organization should evaluate the information provided in the application. 
MEPC 60/2/7 - 2 - 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

3 According to BWM.2/Circ.18, proposals for approval of ballast water management systems 

that make use of Active Substances are to be submitted to the Marine Environment Division of 

the Organization to be reviewed by the GESAMP-Ballast Water Working Group. In the 

meantime, a document on the proposal for approval containing all the non-confidential data 

related to the respective ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substance 

needs to be submitted to MEPC 60. 

4 The competent authority in the Republic of Korea has verified the application dossier 

prepared by Kwang San Co., Ltd. (KS) and believes it to satisfy the data requirements of 

Procedure (G9). 

5 The Republic of Korea therefore submits the non-confidential part of the applicantís 

dossier in the annex of this document to the Organization for evaluation according to 

Procedure (G9). The complete dossier will be made available to the experts of the 

GESAMP-BWWG with the understanding of confidential treatment. 

Action requested of the Committee

6 The Committee is invited to consider the proposal for approval and decide as appropriate. 

*** 
MEPC 60/2/7 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

ANNEX 

NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ON THE KS BALLAST WATER 

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ìEN-BALLASTî 

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ìEN-BALLASTî BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT 

SYSTEM (BWMS) 

2.1 General 

2.2 The process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

2.3 The components of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

2.4 Laboratory-scale facility 

2.5 Results of efficacy test 

3 IDENTIFICATIONS OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT 

CHEMICALS AND OTHER CHEMICALS 

3.1 Active Substance 

3.2 Relevant Chemical 

3.3 Basic parameters of test water 

3.4 Identification of Active Substance, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals including gas 

4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS 

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1) 

4.2 Mammalian toxicity 

4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 

4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations and the 

treated ballast water 

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET 

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 

6.1 Screening for Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity 

6.2 Evaluation of the treated ballast water 

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis 

7 RISK ASSESSMENT 

7.1 Ship and personnel safety 

7.2 Risks to human health 

7.3 Risks to the aquatic environment 

7.4 Human Exposure Scenario 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 2 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

8 ASSESSMENT REPORT 

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint 

8.2 Test report data quality 

9 REFERENCES 

10 APPENDICES

Appendix 1 - System description of the laboratory-scale ìEn-Ballastî 

Ballast Water Management Ssystem (BWMS) 

Appendix 2 - QAPP and Efficacy Test Report 

Appendix 3 - QAPP, COC records and test results for chemicals 

Appendix 4 - COC records and test results for aquatic toxicity 

Appendix 5 - Material Safety Data Sheet 

Appendix 6 - MAM-PEC results 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 3 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 

Abbreviation Description 

°C Degrees Celsius 

AS Active Substance 

BWM Ballast Water Management 

BWMS Ballast Water Management System 

cm Centimetre 

DOC Dissolved organic Carbon 

EPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency 

g Gram 

g/h Gram per hour 

HAA Halogenated Acetic Acid 

HOBr Hypobromous acid 

HOCl Hypochlorous acid 

ISO International Standard Organization 

Koc Partition coefficient 

L Litre 

LEL Lower explosive level 

LC50 Median lethal dose 

LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level 

μm Micrometer 

m3/hr Cubic meters per hour 

MAM-PEC Marine Antifouling Model to Predict Environment Concentration 

mg Milligram 

MOS Margin of Safety 

mV Millivolt 

N.D Not Detected 

NOAEL No Observable adverse effect level 

NOEC No-effect Concentration 

NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit 

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 

ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential 

PEC Predicted Environmental Concentration 

pH Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution 

PNEC Predicted No-effect Concentration 

PLC Programmable logic control 

POC Particulate Organic Carbon 

Pow Octanol-water Partition Coefficient 

THM Trihalomethanes 

TOC Total Organic Carbon 

TRO Total Residual Oxidant 

TSS Total Suspended Solids 

WHO World Health Organization 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 4 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

This report is structured in accordance with the headlines in the ìProcedure for approval of 

Ballast Water Management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î. 

1 INTRODUCTION

This ìEn-Ballastî BWMS is designed by Kwang San Co., Ltd. The applicant is proposing a 

combined system using a filtration module for mechanical separation, an electrolytic disinfection 

module as a post-treatment and neutralization module. During ballasting, most aquatic organisms 

and large size particles larger than 50 μm in the water are removed by an automatic back-flushing 

filter. The organisms and other particles retained by the filter are returned overboard by an 

automatic back-flushing pump. The electrolysis module generates mainly sodium hypochlorite 

in situ directly from seawater without the addition or mixing of any other chemicals (figure 1). 

During de-ballasting, any residual Active Substance is neutralized by sodium thiosulfate 

(Na2S2O3) which is injected from the neutralization system (see appendix 1). The control panel 

controls the electric current value by a signal from the TRO sensor. During de-ballasting, the 

neutralization module injects a sodium thiosulfate solution into the de-ballasting pipe if 

residual TRO concentration is higher than 0.2 mg/L. This procedure is controlled and operated 

with an electrical signal from the TRO sensor and the control panel with proportional control. 

Therefore, ballast water treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS can safely be discharged without 

undesirable effects to the environment. All processes are controlled by programmable logic 

control (PLC) in the control panel. 

Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 5 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ìEN-BALLASTî BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT 

SYSTEM 

2.1 General 

2.1.1 Principles of disinfection 

Chlorine has been used for a powerful disinfecting solution for several decades in many water 

treatment applications such as disinfection of drinking/potable water, swimming pools, 

anti-fouling control of industrial equipment in power, oil and gas cooling towers, and marine 

applications around the world (Alexander, et al., 2003). Natural seawater contains about 19 

mg/L of chloride which is used to generate sodium hypochlorite directly from the sea water by 

electrochemical process as follows: 

The electrolysis of NaCl solutions to form sodium hypochlorite is shown in the overall 

reaction as equation (1). 

2NaCl + 2H2O → 2Na+

 + 2OH- + H2 + Cl2 (1) 

At the anode, both water and chloride are oxidized to produce oxygen 

(equation 2) and chlorine (Cl2) (equation 3), respectively. 

 

2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- (2) 

2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-  (3) 

At the cathode, free hydrogen is formed according to equation (4). 

2 H2O + 2 e- → H2(g) + 2 OH- (4) 

The free chlorine formed at the anode reacts immediately with water to form 

hypochlorous acid according to equation (5). 

Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + H+

 + Cl- (5) 

Hypochlorous acid dissociates to hypochlorite ion and H+ in the bulk solution 

equation (6). Dissociation depends on several factors, mainly pH, see figure 2. 

HOCl ↔ OCl-

 + H+ (6) 

The disinfecting effect of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite is due to the release of 

atomic oxygen which is highly reactive, according to equations (7) and (8). 

HOCl → O + Cl-

 + H+ (7) 

OCl- → O + Cl- (8) 

Thus, the chloride ions consumed by the electrochemical process at the anode (equation 3) 

causing the production of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite as disinfectants are produced again 

during the disinfection processes. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 6 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

The total concentration of dissolved chlorine in seawater for disinfection is termed active 

chlorine, available chlorine, residual chlorine or free chlorine and the sum of three possible 

species, Cl2, HClO, and OCl-. In the pH range 6~9, the free chlorine is almost entirely 

constituted by hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hypochlorite (OCl-) (Rosalam and Duduku, 2007), 

see figure 2. 

Figure 2: The equilibrium of HOCl/OCl- vs. pH dependent (at 20 °C) 

The free hydrogen gas formed at the cathode is highly explosive and a lower explosive level 

(LEL) of hydrogen in air is four percent. The free hydrogen gases is diluted by air to less than 

one percent (v/v) and discharged overboard through a ventilation system. 

While the hydroxyl radical formed by electrolysis process is a strongly oxidizing substance, it is 

very short lived and can only act on micro-organisms in the immediate vicinity of the electrode 

surface. In most cases by far, the most important part of the disinfecting effect is due to 

hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid produced on the anode from the natural seawater. 

But, hypochlorous acid is more powerful disinfecting oxidant than hypochlorite. 

Natural seawater contains approximately 60 mg/L of bromine. Bromine in seawater reacts to 

form hypobromous acid and hypobromite ion according to equations (9) and (10), respectively. 

The following reactions occur only in seawater systems: 

HOCl + Br- → HOBr + Cl-

 (9) 

HOBr → OBr- + H+ (10) 

Hypobromous acid acts as a disinfectant when injected into the main ballast pipe. 

Seawater contains many kinds of metals including large amounts of magnesium and calcium. 

This reacts with the hydroxide which is produced at the cathode to form metal hydroxides and 

carbonates that form deposits on surface of the cathode. The suspended solids are easily flushed 

from the electrode cells during normal operation. The tenacious deposits on cathode require 

periodic cleaning with an acid to dissolve the deposits. So the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS is designed 

in order to reduce the cleaning time. Further details are given in section 2.3.2 of this document. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 7 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

2.1.2 Neutralization of TRO in de-ballasting water 

Sodium thiosulfate solution is injected into the de-ballasting water for neutralization of remaining 

TRO. TRO is neutralized according to equations (11) and (12). Further details are given in 

section 2.3.3 of this document. 

Na2S2O3 + 4OCl-

 + H2O → 2NaCl + 2SO4 + 2HCl (11) 

Na2S2O3 + 4OBr- + H2O → 2NaBr + 2SO4 + 2HBr (12) 

2.2 The Process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

The ballast water is treated during ballasting by an automatic back-flushing filter and an 

electrolysis module (figure 3). During ballasting, the automatic back-flushing filter removes 

aquatic organisms and particles larger than 50 μm and back-flushing water including organisms 

and particles, which is retained by the filter is returned overboard. The electrolysis module 

produces sodium hypochlorite as the main Active Substance (see section 3.1). This compound is 

injected into the main ballasting pipe. The ballasting water is mixed with TRO solution when 

pumped to the ballast tank and aquatic organisms in the ballasting water are disinfected by TRO 

during holding in ballast tank. During de-ballasting, the filtration module and electrolysis 

module are bypassed. 

Figure 3: Schematic process diagram of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 8 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

Control of the TRO concentration 

The electrochemical disinfectant produced a concentration of up to ca. 500-2000 mg/L as Cl2 of 

TRO by electrolysis modules and then the disinfectant in the NaOCl storage tank is injected into 

the main ballast stream. Initial concentrations of TRO equivalent to ca. 7 mg/L as Cl2 disinfect 

more than 99% of the aquatic micro-organisms including bacteria in the ballast tanks. 

The amount of TRO injected into the main ballast pipe is controlled by a TRO sensor behind the 

point of injection. For the optimal disinfection efficiency, the control system of the 

ìEn-Ballastî BWMS should maintain the constant concentration of TRO ca. 7 mg/L during 

ballasting. The main controller adjusts and controls the electric current to the electrolysis module 

by proportional control algorithm based on signals from the TRO sensor. During de-ballasting, 

the neutralization module injects sodium thiosulfate solution into the de-ballasting pipe if TRO 

concentrations are higher than 0.2 mg/L as Cl2. The neutralization module is operated and 

controlled by signals from the TRO sensor and the main controller with proportional control 

algorithm. Therefore, the ballast water treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS can safely be 

discharged without undesirable effects to the environment. All processes are controlled by 

programmable logic control (PLC) in the control panel. The ballast water treatment process of 

shipboard tests consists of the steps shown in figure 4. 

Figure 4: Schematic process diagram of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 9 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

2.3 The components of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

The system is composed of five main modules: 

.1 Filtration module; 

.2 Electrolysis module; 

.3 Neutralization module; 

.4 Sensors and transmitters (conductivity, pressure transmitter, TRO, 

flowrate transmitter, pressure transmitter); and 

.5 Control panel and auxiliary devices. 

The detailed description is presented in appendix 1. 

2.3.1 Filtration module 

The filtration module is composed of a 50 μm filter element with an automatic back-flushing 

function. The filter removes larger particles and organisms from the water. The filter is fully 

automatic in terms of its operation and cleaning without interrupting the filtration process, and 

back-flushing water is returned into the sea in situ. The filter operates only during ballasting. 

The removal of larger organisms and particles by filtration reduces the amount of Active 

Substances (AS) required for disinfection. 

2.3.2 Electrolysis module 

This module is composed of the following elements: 

.1 Primary electrolyzer; 

.2 Secondary electrolyzer; 

.3 Rectifier/Transformer; 

.4 Intake/injection pump; 

.5 Control panel; 

.6 NaOCl storage tank; 

.7 Sensors, pressure gauge and valves; and 

.8 Degas blower. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 10 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

The ballast water is treated by Active Substances (AS) produced by electrolysis module during 

ballasting to disinfect aquatic organisms in the ballast water. The primary electrolyzer is 

constructed with polarity reversal to prevent the formation of crusts of deposit material on the 

electrodes of the secondary electrolysis module as well as to generate sodium hypochlorite half as 

much as the secondary electrolyzer; and by this cleaning effect, it maintains a consistently high 

efficiency of the electrodes of the secondary electrolysis module. The secondary electrolyzer, 

consisting of bipolar electrodes, generates sodium hypochlorite, and this module does not have 

polarity reversal. The AS produced by the second electrolyzer is collected in a storage tank 

before being injected into the main ballasting pipe by an injection pump. 

Gas produced such as hydrogen gas and chlorine gas during electrolysis process should be vented 

overboard with degas blower blowing safely. 

2.3.3 Neutralization module 

This module is composed of the following elements: 

.1 Storage tank of sodium thiosulfate solution; 

.2 Injection pump of sodium thiosulfate solution; and 

.3 Control panel. 

During the de-ballasting, the concentration of TRO of the discharge water is measured by the 

TRO sensor. The maximum allowable concentration of TRO of the discharge water is less 

than 0.2 mg/L as Cl2. The sensor monitors the TRO concentrations continuously and controls the 

addition of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), which instantly neutralizes the TRO concentration. 

2.3.4 Sensors and transmitters 

Conductivity and TRO sensors and flowrate pressure transmitters are applied. The conductivity 

sensor is online type and installed at the head of the electrolysis module to measure the 

conductivity of the ballast water. In the first step, the measured conductivity is used for setting of 

the electric current magnitude of the rectifier. The TRO sensor is online type and installed at the 

ballasting pipe to measure the concentration of sodium hypochlorite and to control the electric 

current magnitude of rectifier. In the second step, the TRO sensor, which is installed at the end 

of the electrolysis module measures the TRO concentration and controls the electric current 

magnitude of the rectifier during ballasting if TRO concentration is higher or lower than the TRO 

concentration of 7 mg/L as Cl2. 

In the laboratory-scale test of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS, the TRO concentrations have been 

measured by using both the online TRO sensor and the portable TRO sensor in order to compare 

the accuracy of the online TRO sensor with the portable TRO sensor. The detailed description is 

presented in appendix 1. 

During de-ballasting, the concentration of sodium thiosulfate, which is injected to the 

deballasting pipe, is controlled proportional to TRO concentration. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 11 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

The flowrate transmitter is used for measuring the ballasting flowrate and the de-ballasting 

flowrate and for controlling the electric current magnitude of rectifier proportional to flowrate. 

Pressure transmitter is installed at the head point of the inlet of filtration module and at the rear 

point of the ballasting pipe connected to electrolysis module, and it measures the pressure drop 

through the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS for monitoring appropriate control condition.

2.3.5 Control panel and auxiliary devices 

The control panel controls and monitors all modules, sensors and transmitters and alarms at a 

stage of emergency at different levels. See further details in appendix 1. 

2.4 Laboratory-scale test facility 

The laboratory-scale test facility is shown in figure 5 and is illustrated in figure 6 schematically. 

Figure 5: Laboratory-scale test facility at Kwang San Co. Ltd, Busan, the Republic of Korea 

Red circles indicate conductivity (1), TRO (2), ORP (3), pH (4) and gas (5) sensors. 

Flow rate: 5 m3

/h 

Treatments: Treatment only during ballasting 

Power consumption: 0.12 kW for electrolysis module 

Salinity: 35 PSU (seawater), 23 PSU (brackish water) 

Neutralization solution: Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 12 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

The main steps of the ballast water treatment process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are shown in 

figure 6. 

Figure 6: Schematic process diagram of the laboratory-scale test facility of ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

Note: Filter module (FM), sensor of total residual oxidant (TRO), and the oxidation and 

reduction potential (ORP) 

Working process of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS for the laboratory-scale test 

The ballast pump pumps the test water, Tank-1 containing organisms, bacteria, starch for POC 

and glucose for DOC to the treated tank (Tank-2) and the control tank (Tank-3). For biological 

efficacy tests, in the first step the conductivity measured by conductivity sensor located in the 

head of the electrolysis module is used for setting up the electric current and voltage in the 

rectifier. Initial concentration of TRO equivalent to ca. 7 mg/L as Cl2 is effective enough to 

disinfect most organisms in the test water containing various concentrations of suspended solids 

and organic substances, satisfying D-2 standard. Then, the concentration of TRO is maintained 

as the constant (ca. 7 mg/L as Cl2) by using the online TRO sensor during ballasting. From the 

laboratory test results, the maximum TRO concentration of the de-ballasting water, after 

five days of storage, has been decreased to below 0.2 mg/L by injecting sodium thiosulfate with 

the neutralization module. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

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Sampling and measurement 

Sampling locations (valves) are shown in figure 6. All samples for chemical analyses and 

performance analyses were collected from S1 to S6 (Tables 1-2). S1 is the sampling site of the 

test water tank for raw seawater containing organisms, heterotrophic bacteria and some organic 

matters after pre-filtration. S2 and S3 are sampling sites of the treated water tank and the control 

water tank on day 1 after ballasting, respectively. S4 is the sampling site for NaOCl, the storage 

tank of electrolysis module. S5 and S6 represent the control water and the treated water after 

five days at discharge stage, respectively. 

The laboratory-scale test facility has five sampling points in the pipeline of the ìEn-Ballastî 

BWMS. The three tanks each have three sampling valves, which were located in the top, middle 

and bottom, in order to sample the homogeneous water. S5 and S6 sampling sites are used for 

sampling the control water and the treated water during de-ballasting. All activities related to the 

ìEn-Ballastî project were carried under quality assurance project plan (QAPP), which was 

prepared by Kwang San Co., Ltd., KOMERI, KTR and MEI (see appendices 2, 3 and 4). 

Table 1: Sample information and sample tag for testing of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

Sample for Control 

water 

Treated 

water 

On-site 

measurements 

Off-site 

measurement Remarks 

Toxicity S5 - - Acute toxicity de-Ballasting 

S1 *S33S1D0 - Test water 

S2 - S33S2D0 

S33S2D1 Ballasting 

S3 S33S3D0 

S33S3S1 - Ballasting 

S4 - S33S4D0 Ballasting 

Chemical 

Analysis 

S5/6 S33S6D5 S33S5D5 

- TRO 

- DOC, POC 

- Chemicals: 

Active substance 

Relevant 

chemicals de-ballasting 

S1 S33S1D0 - Test water 

S3 - S33S2D0 Ballasting 

S4 S33S3D0 - Ballasting Performance 

Analysis 

S5/6 S33S6D5 S33S5D5 

- DO 

- ORP 

- pH 

- Salinity 

- Turbidity 

- Temperature - Organisms: 

> 50 μm, 

≥10 and ≤ 50 μm 

- Bacteria 

- TSS de-Ballasting 

*

 S33S1D0 indicates S33 salinity >33 PSU, S1 sampling point 1, and D0 day 0, respectively. 

Table 2: Sample information for efficacy testing of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

Sample for Sampling 

location 

Volume of 

Sample Remark

Test water 1 S1 5 L/20 L/1 L 

/1 L/1 L/1 L 

Treated water during 

ballasting on day 0 S2 5 L/0.1 m3

/10 L 

/1 L/1 L/1 L 

Control water after 

ballasting on day 0 S3 5 L/20 L/1 L 

/1 L/1 L/1 L 

Treated water during 

de-ballasting on day 5 S5 5 L/0.1 m3

/10 L 

/1 L/1 L/1 L 

Control water during 

de-ballasting on day 5 S6 5 L/20 L/1 L 

/1 L/1 L/1 L 

Basic water parameter: DO, ORP, pH, 

Salinity, temperature, turbidity 

Viable organisms: ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm 

Bacteria: Heterotrophic, E. coli, intestinal 

Enterococci, toxicogenic V. cholerae

1

 Test waters including organism (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

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2.5 Results of efficacy test 

Laboratory-scale test was carried out in accordance with Guidelines (G8). Test water conditions 

for the testing are shown in Table 3. Starch, glucose and heterotrophic bacteria were added to 

satisfy the test water standard. Despite addition of several additives, the concentration of DOC 

and POC was less than the requirements of Guideline (G8) for the 35 PSU and 23 PSU testing 

water, respectively (Table 3). 

Table 3: Basic parameters of test water for 35 PSU and 23 PSU 

Salinity 

(PSU) 

*

DOC 

(mg/L) 

POC 

(mg/L)

TSS 

(mg/L)

Temp. 

(°C) pH DO (mg/L) 

ORP 

(mV) 

Turbidit

y (NTU)

35 PSU 35.32 2.23 0.72 14.8 17.21 8.06 7.39 384 1.76 

23 PSU 23.01 4.45 21.3 102.4 18.36 8.15 7.81 456 30.8 

* DOC is estimated from total organic carbon (TOC). 

The concentrations of viable organisms more than 10 to 50 μm and more than 50 μm satisfied the 

requirement of Guidelines (G8) (Table 4). 

Table 4: Concentration of organisms and types of organisms in the test water 

 Viable organism 

Salinity ≥ 50 μm (inds.m3) ≥ 10-50 μm (inds/mL) 

Heterotrophic 

bacteria (cells/mL)

35 PSU 160 500 4 div. 11 spp. 1 840 4 phy. 10 spp. 80,000 

23 PSU 239 500 5 div. 8 spp. 2 547 4 phy. 8 spp. 120,000 

Test results for 35 PSU and 23 PSU are shown in Table 5. All test results except for viable 

organism (≥ 50 μm) satisfied the regulation D-2. The reason for exceeding the regulation D-2 in 

viable organisms (≥ 50 μm) is as follows: 

The filter used in laboratory-scale test is not an auto-backflushing filter so filter elements 

should be cleaned after every test. Assembling the filter element after cleaning the filter 

element was done manually, the top cover of filter housing was not assembled tightly, and 

a large amount of viable organisms was not filtered. The mistake has been fixed. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

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Table 5: Data summary for the laboratory-scale test of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

Salinity 35 PSU / 23 PSU 

Elapsed time Day 0 Day 5 

Treated 1

water 

Test item Test water Control 

water Electrolyzer Treated water Control water 

Before 

neutralization 

After 

neutralization 

DOC (mg/L) 2.23/4.45 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA 

POC (mg/L) 0.72/21.3 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA 

TSS (mg/L) 14.8/102.4 NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA NA/NA 

FRO (mg/L as Cl2) 0/0 0/0 180/280 0/2.8 0/0 0.8/0.15 < 0.05/NA 

TRO (mg/L as Cl2) 0/0 0/0 460/495 4.1/5.2 0/0 1.4/0.25 < 0.2/NA 

Viable organism 

(≥ 10 - 50 μm) 

(ind./mL) 

1,840 

/2,547 

1.893 

/2,379 NA/NA 1/1 595/1,102 NA/1 1/NA 

Viable organism 

(≥50 μm) 

(ind./mL) 

160,500 

/239,500 

177,750 

/241,500 NA/NA 75,600/840 48,750/27,250 NA/180 2 160 2

/NA 

Heterotrophic 

bacteria 

(cells/mL) 

> 80,000 

/120,000 

> 80,000 

/>23,909 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA 

Escherichia coli 

(cfu/100 mL) 0/29 0/39 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA 

Intestinal 

Enterococci 

(cfu/100 mL)

26/3 34/5 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA 

Vibrio cholerae 

(cfu/100 mL) 0/0 0/0 NA/NA 0/0 0/0 NA/0 0/NA 

1 The de-ballasted water in 23 PSU testing was not neutralized by a sodium thiosulfate solution. TRO concentration of the 

de-ballasting water is < 0.25 mg/L as Cl2. 

2

 Concentration of viable organism (≥ 50 μm) were exceeded the regulation D-2 (> 10 individuals/m3) in 35 PSU and 23 PSU 

test, respectively. 

NA, not available. 

3 IDENTIFICATION OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT 

CHEMICALS AND OTHER CHEMICALS 

3.1 Active Substance (AS) 

The electrolyzer module produces Cl2 at the anode and it reacts immediately with saline water to 

produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in equilibrium with hypochlorite ion (OCl-) and hypobromous 

acid (HOBr) in equilibrium with hypobromous ion (OBr-

). As the test water was analysed, these 

compounds including chloramines and bromines are regarded as Active Substances since all of 

these compounds have disinfecting effects. Table 6 shows the list of AS of the ìEn-Ballastî 

BWMS. 

For chemical analysis, COC record and related materials, please refer to appendix 3. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 16 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

Table 6: List of Active Substances of the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

Concentration (mg/L) at Substance CAS number 

35 PSU 23 PSU 

Initial (day 0) 4.1 5.2 TRO as Cl2 Discharge (day 5) NA 

< 0.2 0.25*

FRO as Cl2 NA 3.00 2.85*

Hypochlorous acid 7790-92-3 

Hypobromous acid N/A 

Sodium hypochlorite 7681-52-9 

Sodium hypobromite 13824-96-9 

* The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L. 

 N/A, not available. 

3.2 Relevant Chemical (RC) 

The production of TRO and FRO by electrolysis process from chlorides in natural waters leads to 

the formation of Relevant Chemicals, such as halogenated volatile organic compounds, 

chlorinated phenol, brominated phenol, halogenated acetic acid (HAA), halogenated acetonitrile 

(HAN) and trihalomethane (THM). The applicant has tested the formation of by-products in the 

laboratory-scale test for 35 PSU and 23 PSU water in accordance with Guidelines (G8) and 

Procedure (G9). The results are reported for test water, control water, water immediately after 

electrolysis, and treated water on day 0 (ballasting), control water and treated water on day 1, 

control water and treated water on day 5 (de-ballasting), respectively (Tables 7-25). Risk 

characterization according to the requirements of Procedure (G9) is given in section 6. 

3.3 Identification of Active Substance, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals 

including gas 

3.3.1 Active Substances 

FRO and TRO (Table 7) were analysed by the Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) 

Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to Drinking 

Water Quality Standard and Test ES 05310, Korea (2007, OT-method) and/or US EPA 330.3 (1978). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 17 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

Table 7: Concentrations of Free Residual Oxidant (FRO) and Total Residual Oxidant (TRO) 

Salinity 35 PSU 23 PSU 

Time FRO TRO FRO TRO 

MDL (mg/L) 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 

Test water 1 ND ND ND ND 

Control ND ND ND ND 

Electrolyzer 180.00 460.0 280.00 495.0 Day 0 

Treated 3.00 4.1 2.80 5.2 

Control ND ND ND ND Day 1 Treated 1.40 2.3 1.00 1.8 

Control ND ND ND ND 

Treated 0.80 1.4 0.15 0.25 Day 5 Treated after 

neutralization < 0.05 < 0.2 NA2 NA2 

1 Test waters including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L. 

Bromate and bromide (Tables 8-9) were analysed by KTR, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The 

analyses were performed according to ISO 15061 (2001, HPLC/Agilent/USA) and US EPA 300.1 

(1997, IC/DX-500/Dionex/USA), respectively. 

Table 8: Concentration of bromate (BrO3

-

) and bromide (Br-) 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L)

Test 

water 

1 

Control Electro

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated

(neutralized) 

Bromate 0.55 

(μg/L) N.D N.D 51.7 50.9 N.D 40.2 N.D 2.17 

Bromide 0.01 40.7 40.2 7.45 42.4 41.2 43.7 42.5 45.6 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 9: Concentration of bromate (BrO3

-

) and bromide (Br-) 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L)

Test 

water 

1 

Control Electro

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated

(not 

neutralized) 2 

Bromate 0.55 

(μg/L) N.D N.D 48.5 45.7 N.D 1.85 N.D 1.37 

Bromide 0.01 31.3 31.6 5.99 30.7 32.3 30.5 31.3 31.8 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2

 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 18 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

3.3.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Absorbable organic halogens (AOX) and Halogenated volatile organic compounds 

(Tables 10-11) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, 

the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to ISO 9562 (2004, Cl 10/Behr 

Labor-Technik/Germany) and US EPA 524.2 (1995, Purge-trap GC-MS/Agilent/USA), respectively. 

Table 10: Concentration of halogenated volatile organic compounds 

35 PSU Day 0 

 

 

Day 1 

 

Day 5 

 

MDL 

(μg/L) Test water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control 

Treated 

(neutralized) 

Absorbable organic 

halogens (AOX) 0.01 0.46 0.52 1.14 0.46 0.85 0.77 0.68 0.84 

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 0.42 N.D 0.38 0.25 N.D 0.13 N.D N.D 

1,1,2,2-

Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1,1,2-

Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 0.29 0.25 0.22 0.18 N.D 0.02 N.D N.D 

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 N.D N.D 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D 0.01 

1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.21 N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2-Dibromo-3-

chloropropane 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 0.25 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2-Dichloropropane 0.02 N.D N.D 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D 0.05 0.13 0.04 N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Bromobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Bromochloromethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.26 0.27 0.33 0.24 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.15 

cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D 0.20 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromomethane 0.01 N.D N.D 1.04 0.70 N.D 0.62 N.D 0.41 

Dichloromethane 0.02 0.54 N.D 0.40 0.17 0.47 0.26 0.42 0.33 

Tetrachloroethene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Tetrachloromethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 19 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

35 PSU Day 0 

 

 

Day 1 

 

Day 5 

 

MDL 

(μg/L) Test water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control 

Treated 

(neutralized) 

trans-1,2-

dichloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 N.D ND 19.2 1.65 0 4.75 0 8.79 

Dichlorobromomethane 0.01 N.D ND 6.02 5.14 0 0.29 0 0.19 

Trichloromethane 0.01 0.24 0.25 1.20 0 0.16 0 0 0.00 

Tribromomethane 0.01 N.D 0.47 90.9 41.1 0.44 120 0.37 232 

1 Test waters including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 11: Concentration of halogenated volatile organic compounds 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electrolyzer Treated Control Treated Control 

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

Absorbable organic 

halogens (AOX) 0.01 0.53 0.46 0.85 0.43 0.48 0.70 0.79 0.77 

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 0.91 0.85 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,2-Dibromo-3-

chloropropane 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1,1-Dichloroethene 0.01 0.43 0.42 0.54 0.52 0.15 0.38 N.D 0.20 

1,2-Dichloropropane 0.01 1.13 1.29 0.06 0.01 0.03 N.D N.D N.D 

1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Bromobenzene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Bromochloromethane 0.01 N.D N.D 0.52 0.41 N.D 0.11 N.D 0.02 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 20 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electrolyzer Treated Control Treated Control 

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.29 0.21 0.30 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.15 

cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromomethane 0.01 N.D N.D 5.92 5.11 N.D 1.29 N.D 0.48 

Dichloromethane 0.01 1.60 0.58 8.63 4.83 0.44 0.99 N.D 0.66 

Tetrachloroethene 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Tetrachloromethane 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 0.24 0.24 N.D N.D 0.09 N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 3.70 3.86 13.8 6.25 3.78 9.11 2.27 12.6 

Dichlorobromomethane 0.01 3.29 3.57 4.82 3.82 3.16 0.42 1.06 N.D 

Trichloromethane 0.01 4.44 3.61 5.44 4.83 3.37 4.08 1.78 4.17 

Tribromomethane 0.01 2.03 2.57 55.7 34.0 1.93 127 1.85 205 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2

 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 

Haloacetonitriles (Tables 12-13) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) 

Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to 

US EPA 551.1 (1995, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA). 

Table 12: Concentration of haloacetonitrils 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.01 0.13 0.13 105 0.30 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.09 

Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 2.69 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.001 0.12 0.14 8.71 2.20 0.13 1.19 N.D 1.03 

Chloral hydrate 0.001 N.D N.D 8.63 0.12 N.D 0.09 N.D 0.02 

Chloropicrin 0.001 0.01 0.01 80.7 3.61 0.01 3.23 0.01 0.34 

1 Test waters including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 21 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

Table 13: Concentration of haloacetonitrils 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 2.59 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.01 0.49 0.47 28.0 3.15 0.41 2.32 0.43 0.14 

Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.001 N.D N.D 5.85 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.001 0.15 0.14 38.2 30.1 0.04 29.5 0.05 22.1 

Chloral hydrate 0.001 0.27 0.21 17.0 0.08 0.25 0.13 0.23 0.13 

Chloropicrin 0.001 0.09 0.28 95.7 3.62 0.25 4.81 0.23 2.83 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 

Halo-acetic acids (Tables 14-15) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) 

Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to 

US EPA 552.2 (1995, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA). 

Table 14: Concentration of halo acetic acids 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

2-monochloroacetic acid 0.21 4.46 4.83 169 27.4 4.77 48.7 3.41 42.9 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.12 N.D N.D 6.09 6.78 N.D 6.13 N.D 5.41 

2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.03 1.10 1.14 46.1 14.7 1.27 0.65 1.53 0.51 

2-monobromoacetic acid 0.09 N.D N.D 2.85 2.45 N.D N.D N.D N.D 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.03 0.71 0.75 8.50 4.74 0.77 2.03 0.78 1.79 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.47 N.D 1.13 31.4 13.3 N.D 1.32 N.D 1.29 

2,2-bromochloroacetic 

acid 0.07 28.0 27.1 41.7 22.2 26.3 23.5 26.1 20.6 

2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic 

acid 0.08 6.10 6.76 9.43 5.45 5.56 1.43 5.29 1.25 

Dalapon acid 0.15 10.5 10.2 613 292 11.4 113 12.8 50.3 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 22 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

Table 15: Concentration of halo acetic acids 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

2-monochloroacetic acid 0.21 20.9 20.8 332 41.9 18.5 38.4 18.6 20.7 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.12 N.D N.D 11.5 1.25 N.D N.D N.D N.D 

2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.03 7.86 7.85 212 8.50 2.07 5.88 0.58 4.90 

2-monobromoacetic acid 0.09 2.85 2.95 11.7 10.5 2.72 3.04 N.D 1.60 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.03 1.14 1.09 26.2 18.3 1.08 15.7 1.05 11.6 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.47 11.1 10.9 15.9 12.2 N.D 11.0 11.0 5.41 

2,2-bromochloroacetic acid 0.07 22.5 20.5 161 40.1 27.2 42.9 32.1 47.3 

2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.08 3.56 3.56 71.9 4.66 3.31 4.32 3.28 3.87 

Dalapon acid 0.15 16.9 15.1 515 108 8.68 24.8 8.54 10.3 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 

Chlorinated phenols (Tables 16-17) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute 

(KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to 

US EPA 8041A (2007, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA). 

Table 16: Concentration of chlorinated phenols 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

2-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

4-Chlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3-Dichlorphenol 0.3 0.78 0.58 0.60 0.81 ND ND ND ND 

2,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 3.45 3.62 2.28 2.25 3.54 2.36 2.22 1.94 

2,6-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 23 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water Control Electro 

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

2,3,4-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,6-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,6-Trichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

Pentachlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 17: Concentration of chlorinated phenols 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

2-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3-Chlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

4-Chlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3-Dichlorphenol 0.3 1.89 1.26 0.80 0.50 0.76 0.61 ND ND 

2,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 3.55 3.82 2.78 2.65 3.12 2.44 2.15 1.54 

2,6-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3,4-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

3,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,6-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,6-Trichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 24 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

3,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

Pentachlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

1 Test waters including organism (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.

Bromated phenols (Tables 18-19) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) 

Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to 

US EPA 8041A (2007, microECD-GCMS/Agilent/USA). 

Table 18: Concentration of bromated phenols 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

2,4-Dibromophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,6-Dibromophenol 0.8 0.95 0.82 0.65 ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 19: Concentration of bromated phenols 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(μg/L) 

Test 

water1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

2,4-Dibromophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,6-Dibromophenol 0.5 0.98 1.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

Page 25 

I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

3.3.3 Other Chemicals and Gas 

Ozone, chlorine dioxide and sulfide (Tables 20-21) were analysed by Korea Testing and 

Research Institute (KTR) Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed 

according to Standard Method 4500-O3-B (2005, Indigo Colorimetric Method), 4500-ClO2-B 

(2005, Titration Method) and Standard Method 4500-S-2-D (2005, Iodometric method). 

Table 20: Concentration of ozone (O3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and sulfide (S-2) 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L)

Test 

water 

1 

Control Electro

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated

(neutralized) 

O3 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

ClO2 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Sulfide 0.2 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 21: Concentration of ozone (O3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and sulfide (S-2) 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L) 

Test 

water 

1 

Control Electro

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated

(not 

neutralized) 2 

O3 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

ClO2 0.02 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

Sulfide 0.2 N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D N.D 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 

DOC and POC (Tables 22-23) were analysed by Korea Testing and Research Institute (KTR) 

Laboratory, Ulsan, the Republic of Korea. The analyses were performed according to ISO 8245 

(1999(E), TOCCPH/Shimazu/Japan). 

Table 22: Concentration of DOC and POC 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L) 

Test 

water 1 

Control Electro 

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 0.003 2.32 2.29 2.43 2.66 1.87 2.72 1.77 2.59 

Particulate organic carbon (POC) 0.003 0.72 1.33 0.19 0.15 1.00 0.20 0.33 0.14 

Density 0.0001 

(g/cm3

) 1.0255 1.0250 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 1.0245 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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Table 23: Concentration of DOC and POC 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

MDL 

(mg/L) 

Test 

water 1 Control Electro -lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(not 

neutralized) 2 

Dissolved organic carbon 

(DOC) 0.003 4.45 4.67 9.15 7.23 2.18 7.15 2.20 7.34 

Particulate organic carbon 

(POC) 0.003 21.3 21.4 19.5 23.0 12.5 20.7 3.66 23.0 

Density 0.0001 

(g/cm3

) 1.0155 1.0150 1.0150 1.0152 1.0154 1.0155 1.0155 1.0150 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7. 

Gas (H2, O3, Cl2) (Tables 24-25) were analysed by KTR. The analyses were performed 

according to GC-TCD for H2, and Detector tube for O3 and Cl2. The results are reported for gas 

emission from the electrolytic cell module. 

Table 24: Concentration of H2, O3 and Cl2 in electrolytic cell emission gas 

and thiosulfate in neutralized treated water 

35 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

 MDL Test 

water Control Electro 

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated 

(neutralized) 

H2 0.05% 66.7 

O3

0.2 

μL/L 1.0 

Cl2

0.2 

μL/L 10.0 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

Table 25: Concentration of H2, O3 and Cl2 in electrolytic cell emission gas 

and thiosulfate in neutralized treated water 

23 PSU Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

 MDL 

Test 

water 

1 

Control Electro

-lyzer Treated Control Treated Control

Treated

(not 

neutralized) 2 

H2 0.05% 81.6 

O3 0.2 μL/L 1.0 

Cl2 0.2 μL/L 4.0 

1 Test water including organisms (≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8). 

2 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO is < 0.25 mg/L, see Table 7.
MEPC 60/2/7 

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4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS 

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquatic plant, invertebrate and fish 

4.1.1 Acute aquatic organism toxicity 

Acute aquatic toxicity: The most sensitive organism for treated water using the ìEn-Ballastî 

BWMS was the alga, Skeletonema costatum that give the EC50 value of 68.53% for the 23 PSU 

test. For the other test organisms, no significant acute toxicity was observed, see report in 

appendix 4. The results are summarized in Tables 26 and 27. 

Algae 

For the study, assessments of the effects of the seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on 

the diatom, Skeletonema costatum, during 72 hours, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis 

Test and EC50 values based on the cell densities at the end of the experiment, were calculated for 

both 35 PSU and 23 PSU treated ballast water. 

Crustacean 

For the study, assessments of the effects of the seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on 

the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, during 48 hours, EC50 and LC50 values based on mobilization 

and survival data at the end of the experiment, were calculated for both 35 PSU and 23 PSU 

treated ballast water. 

Fish 

For the study, assessments of the effects of the seawater treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS on 

flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, during 96 hours, LC50 values based on survival data at the end 

of the experiment, were calculated for both 35 PSU and 23 PSU treated ballast water. 

Table 26: Acute aquatic toxicity of 35 PSU ballast water treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

LC50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%)

Reference/Comments/ 

justification for missing data

Algae Skeletonema costatum EC50 72 h 90.19 Tested (OECD 201) 

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC50 48 h 

LC50 48 h 

> 100 

> 100 Tested (OECD 202) 

Fish Paralichthys 

olivaceus LC50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203) 

Table 27: Acute aquatic toxicity of 23 PSU ballast water treated by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

LC50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%)

Reference/Comments/ 

justification for missing data

Algae Skeletonema costatum EC50 72 h 63.58 Tested (OECD 201) 

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC50 48 h 

LC50 48 h 

> 100 

> 100 Tested (OECD 202) 

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203) 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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4.1.2 Chronic aquatic organism toxicity 

Tests were not carried out, however, related material described the chronic aquatic toxicity; see 

Material Safety Data Sheet in appendix 5. 

4.1.3 Endocrine disruption 

Tests were not carried out. No reference materials (study reports, papers and website) were 

found. 

4.1.4 Sediment toxicity 

Tests were not carried out. No reference materials (study reports, papers and website) were 

found. 

4.1.5 Bioavailability/biomagnifications/bioconcentration 

Tests were not carried out. However, related material described the chronic aquatic toxicity as 

follows (Tables 28 and 29): 

Table 28: Bioconcentration of Active Substances 

Active Substance Measured/Calculated 

(L/Kg wet-weight) 

Reference 

3.16 (Regression-based 

estimate) 

Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)

0.89 (Arnot-Gobas) 

US EPA (EPI suit. 2008) 

3.16 (regression -based 

estimate) 

Bromate (BrO3

-

) 

1.13 (Arnot-Gobas) 

US EPA (EPI suit. 2008) 

Table 29: Bioconcentration of Relevant Chemical 

Relevant Chemical Measured/Calculated 

(L/Kg wet-weight) 

Reference 

3.96 (Regression-based 

estimate) 

Dibromochloromethane 

3.23 (Arnot-Gobas) 

US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 

Dibromomethane 4 L/kg wet-wt HSDB, 1990 

Dichlorobromomethane 3.00 HSDB, 2008

3.20 PBT Profiler, 2006

Tribromomethane 2-20 L/kg wet-wt Kenaga, 1980 

Dibromoacetonitrile 3 L/Kg wet-wt HSDB, 2008

3.2 L/Kg wet-wt PBT Profiler, 2006

Chloral hydrate 3.00 HSDB, 2008

Chloropicrin 11.10 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 

8.00 HSDB, 2008 

2-monochloroacetic acid 3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 

3.20 HSDB, 2008 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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Relevant Chemical Measured/Calculated 

(L/Kg wet-weight) 

Reference 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 

3.20 HSDB, 2008 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 3.16 US EPA (EPI suit, 2008) 

0.17 HSDB, 2008 

3.162 (regression-based 

estimate) 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 

5.185 (Arnot-Gobas) 

US EPA (EPI suit. 2008) 

3.162 (regression-based 

estimate) 

Dalpon acid 

5.624 rnot-Gobas) 

US EPA (EPI suit. 2008) 

4.1.6 Food web/population effects 

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found. 

4.2 Mammalian toxicity 

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5). 

4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 

4.3.1 Mode of degradation 

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5). 

4.3.2 Bioaccumulation, partition coefficient, octanol/water coefficient 

Tests were not carried out. However, related material is described in MSDS (see appendix 5). 

4.3.3 Persistence and identification of the main metabolites in the relevant media 

(ballast water, marine and fresh water) 

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found. 

4.3.4 Reaction with organic matter 

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found. 

4.3.5 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats 

No related materials (study report, paper and we site) were found. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

4.3.6 Oxidation and reduction potential (ORP) changes of test water, control water and 

treated water 

Table 30: Oxidation and Reduction Potential (ORP) in control and treated seawater 

Salinity Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 

(PSU) Test water Control Treated Control Treated Control Treated 

23 456 448 918 529 912 497 446 1 

35 384 389 886 483 900 468 332 

1 The water is not neutralized because the concentration of TRO+FRO is < 0.25 mg/L. 

4.3.7 Potential residue in seafood 

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found. 

4.3.8 Any known interactive effects 

No related materials (study report, paper and website) were found. 

4.4 Physical and chemical properties of the Active Substances and Preparation and the 

treated ballast water 

See appendix 5. 

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) 

See appendix 5. 

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 

6.1 Screening for Persistency, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT)

These criteria tests were applied on the Active Substance and the Relevant Chemicals detected in 

the treated ballast water (see section 3). Thirty-two compounds were detected in both test water, 

control water and treated water; of these, 14 compounds were found only in the 

treated water, and these are produced by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. Chlorine dioxide, 

bromate, dibromochloromethane, dibromomethane, dichlorobromomethane, tribromomethane, 

dibromoacetonitrile, chloral hydrate, chloropicrine, 2-monochloroacetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic 

acid, 2,2-dibromoacetic acid, 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid, and dalapon acid were detected in the 

treated water by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. All these compounds have low persistency, 

bioaccumulation and toxicity as shown in Table 31. 
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Table 31: PBT evaluation based on water 

Compounds 

Persistent 

(y/n) 

(Va

/Tb/Hc) 

Bioaccumulatived

(y/n) 

Toxic 

(y/n) 

Chlorine dioxide 

No 

3.0501/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No

Log Pow = -3.22 

No 

Acute LC50: 2.6 mg/L/24 hr 

(algae) 

Bromate 

No 

3.0226/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No

Log Pow = 0.63 

No 

NOEC: >0.125 mg/L/168 hr 

(algae) 

Dibromochloromethane 

No 

2.6386/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.70 

No 

LC50: 34 mg/L/72-1200 hr 

(fish) 

Dibromomethane 

No 

2.8729/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.52 Not found 

Dichlorobromomethane 

No 

2.5197/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.61 

No 

LC50: 1.424 mg/L/9 months 

(fish) 

Tribromomethane 

No 

2.7275/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.79 

No 

NOEC: 10 mg/L/96 hr (algae) 

Dibromoacetonitrile 

No 

2.7353/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 0.47 

No 

Acute LC50: 0.55 mg/L/96 hr 

(fish) 

Chloral hydrate 

No 

2.4219/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 0.98 

No 

Acute LOEC: 2.8 mg/L/NRe

(algae) 

Chloropicrin 

No 

2.1043/months/60 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.32 

No 

Acute LC50: 0.0165 mg/L/96 hr 

(fish) 

2-monochloroacetic acid 

No 

3.1818/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 0.34 

No 

NOEC: 32 mg/L/504 hr 

(crustacea) 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 

No 

2.9325/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 0.52 

No 

EC03: 1,485 mg/L/168 hr 

(algae) 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 

No 

3.1403/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 0.70 

No 

Acute LC50: 69 mg/L/96 hr 

(fish) 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 

No 

2.7827/weeks/15 d 

in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.71 Not found

Dalapon acid 

No 

2.6894/weeksmonths/38 d in water 

No 

Log Pow = 1.68 

No 

Acute LC50: 10 mg/L/24 hr 

(fish) 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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a -Numerical value from model; 

b -Words assigned, representing expected total degradation time; 

c -Half-life; 

d -U.S EPI suite 2008; 

e Time information not reported. 

6.2 Toxicity testing of the treated ballast water 

Acute ecotoxicity tests with ìEn-Ballastî treated seawater and brackish water covering multiple 

test species (fish, invertebrate and plant) showed slightly low toxicity for the microalgae 

Skeletonema costatum (EC50 values are 90.19% in seawater and 65.38% in brackish water) but 

the invertebrate, Tigriopus japonicus and the fish, Paralichthys olivaceus showed no acute 

toxicity to the treated water (see appendix 4). 

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis 

Prediction of discharge and environmental concentrations is conducted using the Marine 

Antifoulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations (MAM-PEC) 

The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC) was carried out using the model MAM-PEC 2.0. 

The model was developed to estimate leaking of anti-fouling from the surface of ships. For the 

calculation of the PEC in this dossier the highest concentration of discharged Active Substances 

and Relevant Chemicals, and 396,922 tonnage/day of de-ballast water (OECD commercial 

harbour, Rotterdam) were applied. All input data and results of the MAM-PEC calculations are 

presented in appendix 6. 

Table 32: PEC profile in the OECD-EU commercial harbour using discharged water 

from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS 

MAM-PEC result 

Compounds (μg/L) 1 Load (g/day) 2 

Maximum 

concentration 

(μg/L) 3 

Half life 

(day) Habour 

Chlorine dioxide 0 0 15 0 

Bromate 0.8613207 2.17 15 2.00E-06 

Dibromochloromethane 3.4889443 8.79 38 4.96E-06 

Dibromomethane 0.1627380 0.41 15 3.81E-07 

Dichlorobromomethane 0.0754151 0.19 38 1.01E-07 

Tribromomethane 92.085904 232 38 1.24E-04 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.4088296 1.03 38 5.51E-07 

Chloral hydrate 0.0079384 0.02 38 1.07E-08 

Chloropicrin 0.1349534 0.34 60 1.38E-07 

2-monochloroacetic acid 17.027953 42.9 15 4.05E-05 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 2.1473480 5.41 15 5.07E-06 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.7104903 1.79 15 1.68E-06 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.5120293 1.29 15 1.21E-06 

Dalapon acid 19.965176 50.3 38 2.69E-05 

1 Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals. 

2 Load amount estimated from the OECD-EU commercial harbour (Rotterdam), 396,922 m3

 per day of discharge. 

3 The worst case applied. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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7 RISK ASSESSMENT 

7.1 Ship and personnel safety 

7.1.1 Corrosion 

Corrosion tests will be carried out with the storage tank on steel exposed to the treated water of 

HOCl for six monthsí periods after two monthsí aging after making the sample material (carbon 

steel, Grit blast, ISO Sa 21⁄2 Grade). This test will be carried out in parallel with the full-scale 

land-based testing. 

7.1.2 Safety to shipís crew 

Toxicity effects of the treated water by the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are described in section 7.4 (HES). 

Table 33 shows the theoretical exposure to the various compounds of a person weighing 60 kg 

and drinking 2 L of water per day, which appears that concentrations are far below the MOS. 

Therefore, it is concluded that the treated water will neither pose risks to the shipís crews nor to 

possible swimmers in the area where ballast water is discharged. 

7.2 Risks to human health 

Shipís personnel would not be expected to contact Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals under 

normal operation. There is no risk to human health associated with the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. 

7.3 Risks to aquatic environment 

All Active Substances (AS) and Relevant Chemicals (RC) show a PEC/PNEC < 1. Therefore, 

the conclusion is that de-ballasting water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS has no toxic effect on 

aquatic organism and environment. 

Table 33: PEC/PNEC ration from MAM-PEC modelling result 

Compounds Toxicity 

(mg/L) 

Assessment 

factor 

PNEC 

(μg/L) PEC (μg/L) PEC/PNEC (μg/L) 

Chroline dioxide 2.6 100 26.00 0 0 

Bromate ion 0.125 1000 0.13 2.00E-06 1.60E-05 

Dibromochloromethane 34 1000 34.00 4.96E-06 1.46E-07 

Dibromomethane - - - 3.81E-07 - 

Dichlorobromomethane 1.424 1000 1.42 1.01E-07 7.09E-08 

Tribromomethane 10 100 100 1.24E-04 1.24E-06 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.55 1000 0.55 5.51E-07 1.00E-06 

Chloral hydrate 2.8 1000 2.80 1.07E-08 3.82E-09 

Chloropicrin 0.0165 1000 0.02 1.38E-07 8.36E-06 

2-monochloroacetic acid 32 100 320.00 4.05E-05 1.27E-07 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 1485 1000 1485.00 5.07E-06 3.41E-09 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 69 1000 69.00 1.68E-06 2.43E-08 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid - - - 1.21E-06 - 

Dalapon acid 10 1000 10.00 2.69E-05 2.69E-06 

* No toxicity value (see Table 30). 
MEPC 60/2/7 

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7.4 Human Exposure Scenario 

In this section, estimation of the amounts of exposure and risk assessment will be conducted for the 

respective exposure scenarios. The maximum concentrations of substance in the treated ballast 

water are shown in Table 34, which are expected to be further diluted in discharged water area. 

MOS has been estimated in accordance with a worst case scenario, in which no dilution occurs. 

Table 34 shows the theoretical exposure to the various compounds of a person weighing 60 kg 

and drinking 2 L of water per day. 

Table 34: Results of the Margin of Safety (MOS) Approach 

Compounds Value 1 

(mg/kg/day) 

Maximum 

concentration 

(mg/L) 

Exposure 

(mg/kg/day) MOS 

Chlorine dioxide LOAEL: 2 0.02 6.67E-04 3,000 

Bromate ion NOAEL: 7.7 0.00217 7.23E-05 106,452 

Dibromochloromethane NOAEL: 40 0.00879 2.93E-04 136,519 

Dibromomethane Not found 0.00041 1.37E-05 NA 

Dichlorobromomethane NOAEL: 13.4 0.00019 6.33E-06 2,115,789 

Tribromomethane LOAEL: 100 0.232 7.73E-03 12,931 

Dibromoacetonitrile NOAEL: 8.2 0.00103 3.43E-05 238,835 

Chloral hydrate NOAEL: 1.89 0.00002 6.67E-07 2,835,000 

Chloropicrin NOAEL: 0.002 0.00034 1.13E-05 176 

2-monochloroacetic acid NOAEL: 193 0.0429 1.43E-03 134,965 

2,2-dichloroacetic acid NOAEL: 3.9 0.00541 1.80E-04 21,627 

2,2-dibromoacetic acid NOAEL: 25 0.00179 5.97E-05 418,994 

2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid Not found 0.00129 4.30E-05 NA 

Dalapon acid Not found 0.0503 1.68E-03 NA 

1 NOAEL, no observable adverse effect level; LOAEL, low observable adverse effect level. 

Since these MOS value are substantially higher than the MOSref (100), it is concluded that the 

chemical compounds in the de-ballasting water are unlikely to affect the environment including 

health of humans. 

8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint 

This dossier includes an overview of all critical data and endpoints used for the risk assessment 

(see sections 4, 6 and 7 and appendix 5). All of the chemicals are evaluated with regard to 

aquatic organisms, mammalian toxicity and environmental effect. The evaluation of aquatic 

organism toxicity included assessing of the residual compounds with regard to persistence, 

bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT). All chemicals discharged from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are 

non-PBT using Procedure (G9) criteria of a log Pow < 3 (see Table 31). Therefore, it is 

concluded that the chemical compounds, discharged from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS, do not 

accumulate in the tissue of marine organisms. 
MEPC 60/2/7 

ANNEX 

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I:\MEPC\60\2-7.doc 

The evaluation of mammalian toxicity using several databases (ECOTOX, EPA, EPI Suite, 

HSDB, OECD SIDS, PBT Profiler and WHO database) involves assessing the AS and RC for 

various endpoints, including acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental and 

reproductive effect. There are a wide range of acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, 

mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity on AS and RC. Most of newly produced AS and RC have 

the potential effect to mammalian, but the concentrations present in the water treated by the 

ìEn-Ballastî BWMS are far below the critical levels. However, these effects are seen at higher 

concentrations than would be present in ballast water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. The toxicity 

studies show that some of the chemicals of potential concerns result in adverse effect to 

mammalian organs at higher doses. A comparison of the measured de-ballasting water 

concentrations of AS and RC to drinking water guidelines (US EPA, 1999) indicates that the 

measured concentrations were generally lower than the values given in the drinking water 

guidelines. Therefore, no adverse health effects are expected to be caused by exposure to 

de-ballast water from the ìEn-Ballastî BWMS. 

8.2 Test report data quality 

The test reports used in this application were from ECOTOX, EPA, EPI Suite, HSDB, OECD 

SIDS, PBT Profiler and WHO. The applicant has commissioned research on the AS and RC by 

way of accredited laboratories and commercial institutions. Quality control processes were at all 

times strictly followed (see appendices 2, 3 and 4). 

9 REFERENCES 

Alexander Kraft, Maja W ̧nsche, Manuela Stademann and Manfred Blaschke, 2003. 

Electrochemical water disinfection. Recent Res. Devel. Electrochem., 6(2003):27-55. 

Rosalam H.J., Sarbatly and Duduku Krishnaiah, 2007. Free chlorine residual content within the 

drinking water distribution system. International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 2 (8), pp.196-201. 

US EPA, 1999. National Primary Drinking Water Standard. http://www.drinkingwater.utah.gov

/documents/external/national_primary_drinking_water_regulations.htm.

10 APPENDICES 

Appendix 1 - System description of the laboratory-scale ìEn-Ballastî 

Ballast Water Management Ssystem (BWMS) 

Appendix 2 - QAPP and Efficacy Test Report 

Appendix 3 - QAPP, COC records and test results for chemicals 

Appendix 4 - COC records and test results for aquatic toxicity 

Appendix 5 - Material Safety Data Sheet 

Appendix 6 - MAM-PEC results 

 The above appendices 1 to 6 are provided in the confidential dossier of the proposal for 

approval. 

___________