IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-18-00124-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF W.A.F., A CHILD

From the 13th District Court

Navarro County, Texas

Trial Court No. D16-25407-CV

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Briona F. appeals from a judgment that terminated the parent-child relationship 

between her and her child, W.A.F. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (West 2014). Briona's 

rights were terminated based on a jury finding as to four predicate acts in Section 

161.001(b)(1) and that termination was in the best interest of the child. Briona complains 

that the evidence was legally insufficient for the jury to have found that she constructively 

abandoned W.A.F. pursuant to Section 161.001(b)(1)(N) and that termination was in the 

best interest of W.A.F. Because we find that Briona's complaints were not preserved, we 

affirm the judgment of the trial court. 

In proceedings to terminate the parent-child relationship brought under Section 
In the Interest of W.A.F., a Child Page 2

161.001 of the family code, the petitioner must establish one predicate act listed under 

subsection (1) of the statute and must also prove that termination is in the best interest of 

the child. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001; In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. 2005). Both 

elements must be established; termination may not be based solely on the best interest of 

the child as determined by the trier of fact. Tex. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 

531, 533 (Tex. 1987).

In her first issue, Briona complains that the evidence was legally insufficient for 

the jury to have found that she constructively abandoned W.A.F. pursuant to Section 

161.001(b)(1)(N). In her second issue, Briona complains that the evidence was legally 

insufficient for the jury to have found that termination was in the best interest of W.A.F. 

Regarding Briona's first issue, it is apparent from Briona's brief to this Court that 

her complaint is at least in part a complaint regarding the use of a broad form question 

upon which to base the termination. Briona acknowledges that the evidence was legally 

sufficient as to three of the four predicate grounds which the jury could have found to 

terminate her rights. Briona's objection is that because the evidence was not sufficient as 

to one ground of termination, and it cannot be determined on which ground the 

termination was granted because of the broad form submission, the evidence is 

insufficient in its entirety. Briona did not object to the trial court regarding the use of the 

broad form question. 

A complaint to the jury charge is waived unless the trial court is made aware of 

the complaint through an objection, timely and plainly, and a ruling is obtained, even in 
In the Interest of W.A.F., a Child Page 3

termination proceedings. See In re B.L.D., 113 S.W.3d 340, 349 (Tex. 2003); In re A.V., 113 

S.W.3d 355, 363 (Tex. 2003); TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. To the degree that Briona's first issue 

involves the use of a broad form question, we find that her issue was waived. Id.

Further, the remainder of Briona's first issue and her second issue have also not 

been preserved for our review. In order to preserve a legal sufficiency complaint for 

appellate review in a termination case tried to a jury, a party must make that complaint 

in the trial court by: (1) a motion for new trial; (2) a motion for an instructed verdict; (3) 

an objection to the submission of a question in the jury charge; (4) a motion for a judgment 

notwithstanding the verdict; or (5) a motion to disregard the jury's answer to a question 

in the verdict. T.O. Stanley Boot Co. v. Bank of El Paso, 847 S.W.2d 218, 220-21, 36 Tex. Sup. 

Ct. J. 259 (Tex. 1992); In re H.D.B.-M., No. 10-12-00423-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 2057, 

2013 WL 765699, at *8-9 (Tex. App.—Waco Feb. 28, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.). None 

of the above objections or methods of complaint were raised in the trial court. Because 

of this, Briona's first and second issues regarding the legal sufficiency of the evidence 

were waived. We overrule issues one and two.

CONCLUSION

Because we have found that Briona's complaints were not preserved for review, 

we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

TOM GRAY

Chief Justice
In the Interest of W.A.F., a Child Page 4

Before Chief Justice Gray,

Justice Davis, and

Justice Scoggins

Affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed June 27, 2018

[CV06]