IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-11-00258-CV

WILLIAM CARROLL ROBERTSON, LESTER 

EUGENE ROBERTSON, AND DONALD ADAMS,

Appellants

v.

W.T. HIX, WILLIAM J. HIX, AND R. COKE MILLS,

Appellees

From the 52nd District Court

Coryell County, Texas

Trial Court No. 24,970

And

No. 10-11-00285-CV

IN RE WILLIAM CARROLL ROBERTSON AND 

LESTER EUGENE ROBERTSON

Original Proceeding

O P I N I O N

William Carroll Robertson and Lester Eugene Robertson filed a petition for a writ 

of mandamus and an appeal of a judgment dismissing the cause of action for lack of 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 2

subject matter jurisdiction. The Robertsons complain that the trial court erred by 

granting a petition in intervention filed by Coryell County, by granting motions filed by 

Coryell County and Hix to abate a prior judgment, and ultimately dismissing the cause 

in its entirety. Because we find that the trial court erred, we reverse the judgments of 

the trial court and render judgment that the prior judgment of March 28, 2005, modified 

as set forth below, is in full force and effect. Because of our resolution of the direct 

appeal, the petition for writ of mandamus is denied.

This is the third proceeding before this Court relating to these parties. Because of 

this we will set forth the lengthy procedural history in some detail. This cause was first 

presented to this Court by direct appeal of a judgment entered from a motion for 

summary judgment in which this Court modified the trial court’s judgment but 

otherwise affirmed. See Hix v. Robertson, 211 S.W.3d 423 (Tex. App.—Waco 2006, pet. 

denied) (hereinafter referred to as the “direct appeal”). After the Texas Supreme Court 

declined review, our mandate was issued on June 16, 2008. 

From the Mandate to the First Mandamus

On July 10, 2008, Coryell County filed a petition seeking to intervene in the 

litigation, a plea in abatement, and an answer. Then, on August 14, 2008, Hix filed a 

motion to stay the execution of the “interlocutory judgment” and an amended motion 

to abate. The trial court granted each of these motions by an order entered on 

December 9, 2008. These proceedings were conducted by the Hon. Sue Lykes, a 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 3

different visiting judge than the visiting judge who had rendered the initial judgment, 

the Hon. Jack Miller. Each of the pleadings filed by Coryell County and Hix appear to 

be presuming that the March 2005 judgment of the trial court was not a final judgment. 

Hix did not raise the issue of the finality of the trial court’s judgment until it was 

an issue in his petition for review in the direct appeal with the Texas Supreme Court 

that was later denied. After the issuance of our mandate in the direct appeal in 2008, 

Hix raised the issue of finality of the judgment to the trial court in the subsequent 

proceedings conducted in the trial court before Judge Lykes, arguing that the March 

2005 judgment entered by Judge Miller was not final for purposes of appeal and 

therefore, the opinion and judgment entered by this Court in the direct appeal were 

improperly entered as this Court lacked jurisdiction to hear an appeal of an 

interlocutory order. Judge Lykes agreed with Hix and found that the March 2005 

judgment was not a final judgment in its December 9, 2008 order. 

Robertson then filed a petition for writ of mandamus with this Court seeking 

reversal of the trial court’s order of December 9, 2008, which we granted in part and 

ordered that the trial court withdraw the portion of an order which stayed the execution 

of the judgment, and the trial court withdrew only the stay of execution of the 

judgment. See In re Robertson, No. 10-09-00005-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 2641 (Tex. 

App.—Waco Apr. 15, 2009, orig. proceeding) (hereinafter referred to as “Robertson I”). 

In our opinion in that mandamus proceeding, this Court directly addressed and 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 4

resolved the issue of finality by determining that the March 2005 judgment of the trial 

court was final for purposes of appeal. See In re Robertson, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 2641 at 

*4-5. Coryell County filed a petition for writ of mandamus with the Texas Supreme 

Court from the judgment of this Court in Robertson I, which was denied without an 

opinion. In re Coryell County, No. 09-0370, 2009 Tex. LEXIS 1098 (Tex., Dec. 11, 2009, 

orig. proceeding). 

We note that in his arguments to this Court in the original appeal, Hix did not 

challenge the judgment as being interlocutory and not final because the judgment 

purported to include all parties and causes of action, some of which had not been 

included in the motion for summary judgment. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(f). However, it 

is the duty of this Court to independently determine whether we have jurisdiction over 

an appeal, even if no party contests jurisdiction. M. O. Dental Lab. v. Rape, 139 S.W.3d 

671, 673 (Tex. 2004) (per curiam). The fact that this Court did not address our 

jurisdiction in the direct appeal does not mean that we did not independently make that 

determination. However, because the issue was specifically raised in Robertson I, we 

directly addressed the issue of finality because our expressed determination that the 

judgment was a final judgment should have been dispositive of the other issues 

presented in the mandamus.

Further, since the March 2005 judgment was a final judgment, Hix’s failure to 

complain in the direct appeal that the judgment erroneously included causes of action 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 5

that were not included in the motion for summary judgment or that necessary parties 

were not joined waived those complaints. The March 2005 judgment was final for all 

purposes and disposed of all parties and claims and our mandate modifying and 

affirming that judgment removed the trial court’s ability to decide otherwise.

As we stated in Robertson I,

A district court has no discretion to interpret or review an appellate 

court’s mandate or judgment. In re Castle Tex. Prod. Ltd. P'ship, 157 S.W.3d 

524, 527 (Tex. App.—Tyler 2005, orig. proceeding); Martin v. Credit 

Protection Ass'n, 824 S.W.2d 254, 255 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1992, writ dism’d 

w.o.j.); Schliemann v. Garcia, 685 S.W.2d 690, 692 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 

1984, orig. proceeding). A trial court’s failure or refusal to comply with a 

court of appeals mandate is an abuse of discretion. Lee v. Downey, 842 

S.W.2d 646, 648 (Tex. 1992). Further, a writ of mandamus will issue to 

compel compliance with the mandate of an appellate court. Schliemann, 

685 S.W.2d at 692; accord Wells v. Littlefield, 62 Tex. 28, 31 (1884). 

Therefore, it was an abuse of discretion for Judge Lykes to even hear the postjudgment motions after the issuance of this Court’s mandate from the original appeal. 

Because the March 2005 judgment was final, the subsequent granting of the intervention 

by Coryell County and the other proceedings and rulings were improper and also 

constituted an abuse of discretion. 

While the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure do not impose a deadline for 

intervention, the general rule is that a party may not intervene after final judgment

unless the judgment is set aside. Tex. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Ledbetter, 251 S.W.3d 31, 36 (Tex.

2008); In re Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Ins. Co., 184 S.W.3d 718, 725 (Tex. 2006). Coryell 

County’s petition in intervention in this case was filed in July of 2008, approximately 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 6

one month after our mandate issued from the direct appeal. As such, the petition in 

intervention was untimely because the judgment had not been set aside. See Ledbetter, 

251 S.W.3d at 36. Upon the issuance of this Court’s mandate, the March 2005 judgment 

was then final for all purposes, and there was no live controversy into which the 

County could intervene. The trial court abused its discretion by granting the County’s 

intervention, and subsequently the County’s motion to abate was not properly before 

the trial court. The trial court abused its discretion in granting the County’s motion to 

abate the proceedings.

Hix’s motion to abate contended that the March 2005 judgment was not final for 

purposes of appeal and sought an abatement of the proceedings for the joinder of other 

necessary parties in the declaratory judgment action. However, as stated above, the 

trial court does not have the discretion to review and disregard the mandate of this 

Court. To the extent there could have been any question, we expressly resolved the 

issue of the finality of the judgment in Robertson I. Judge Lykes had no discretion to 

refuse to honor the mandate of this Court and her determination that the March 2005 

judgment was not final and therefore that this Court’s opinion and mandates had been 

issued without subject matter jurisdiction constituted an abuse of discretion. 

Additionally, there was nothing to abate because the litigation had concluded and there 

were no live pleadings to abate. 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 7

After the First Mandamus

After our judgment and opinion in Robertson I, on April 13, 2011, Coryell County 

filed a “Motion to Establish Date for Joinder of Real Parties in Interest; Dismissal for 

Failure to Join Parties or Dismissal for Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction.” On April 

27, 2011, Judge Lykes conducted a hearing on that motion and ordered the Robertsons 

to add additional parties, which the Robertsons did not do. Then, on June 10, 2011, 

Judge Lykes entered the following order:

The Court FINDS that this Court does not have subject matter 

jurisdiction to finally resolve this case.

The Court ORDERS that this case is hereby in all things 

DISMISSED and that this dismissal shall be the final order of the court in 

this cause.

This dismissal is without prejudice to the parties refilling (sic) in a 

Court with subject matter jurisdiction and jurisdiction over all necessary 

parties.

(emphasis in original). Robertson timely filed a notice of appeal of this judgment to this 

Court and filed a second petition for a writ of mandamus.

Because the original judgment was final, the trial court erred by granting the 

motion to dismiss as well. The dismissal order purported to dismiss the entire 

proceeding, including the proceedings involved in the direct appeal from the March 

2005 judgment which we have determined were not pending before the trial court. 

Since we have determined that the trial court abused its discretion in granting Coryell 

County’s plea in intervention because there was no live controversy, this order was also 
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 8

erroneous. Coryell County’s arguments before the trial court and before this Court rest 

entirely upon the concept that the March 2005 judgment is interlocutory and not final. 

However, once our mandate issued in Robertson I, to whatever degree the finality of the 

judgment could have been questioned, the issue regarding the March 2005 judgment 

was resolved and became final with the issuance of this Court’s mandate and the trial 

court erred by determining otherwise. See Texas Ass’n of Business v. Texas Air Control 

Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440 (Tex. 1993). We sustain issue one. Because of our resolution of this 

issue it is unnecessary for us to address issue two. 

Conclusion

We reverse the order entitled “Judge’s Ruling on the Following Motions” signed 

by the trial court on December 9, 2008 and render judgment that the petition in 

intervention, plea in abatement, and motion to abate are dismissed. The judgment of 

the trial court dismissing this cause in its entirety is reversed and judgment is rendered 

that the judgment of March 28, 2005 as modified by this Court’s judgment of November 

29, 2006 is in full force and effect and enforceable only as to the parties to the original 

judgment. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 37.006(a) (West 2008). The trial 

court should not make any further orders in this cause unless necessary to enforce that 

judgment. The petition for writ of mandamus is denied.

TOM GRAY

Chief Justice
Robertson v. Hix and In re Robertson Page 9

Before Chief Justice Gray,

Justice Davis, and

Justice Scoggins

Reversed and rendered; 

Petition denied

Opinion delivered and filed March 21, 2012

[CV06]