P.1 

OAR Box 1856 

Prepped by Keeia Richards 

Document Number: 

74) ll-A-11 

Docket Number: 

A-87-11 

Printed 11/24/2008 12:41:50 PM Sheet 74 of 82 
'V ' ' - - P.2 

Effects of Dispensing Rates and Nozzle Geometries 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory 

September 23, 1986 

TC-A-IP 
P.3 

t • I 

Purpose 

0 To characterize the problem that exists from varying 

nozzle configurations 

0 To characterize the problem that exists from increasing 

dispensing rates 

0 To present the benefits of in-use dispensing rate limits 

and nozzle standardization 

Overview 

Characterization of the Problem 

Benefits of Dispensing Rate Limits and Standardized Nozzies 

Ways to Achieve These Benefits 

Discussion 
P.4 

Characterization of the Problem 

Effects of Nozzle Configurations and Dispensing Rates 

Fuel flow to vehicle tanks 

Nozzle automatic shut-off characteristics 

Amount of vapors generated 

Amount of in-use spillage 
P.5 

to) 

Factors Affecting Fuel Flow to Vehicle Tanks 

0 Smaller fillpipes with narrowing diameters 

0 Bending angle of spout 

0 Fuel dispensing rates 

These factors affect the fill rate of the fuel tank 

spillage rates, If nozzles are standardized, the design of 

fillpipes to optimize fuel flow would be eased and spillage 

reduced, 
PJ_ 

f'l I 

Factor's Affecting Automatic Shut-off Characteristics 

0 Shut-off port location 

0 Length of spout's straight section 

0 . Bending angle of spout 

0 Fuel dispensing rate 

The primary target for controlling these factors is the 

prevention of spillage, 
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P.7 

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3*. C.A.R.B. 
P.8 

Factors Affecting the Amount of Vapors Generated 

Bending angle of spout 

Fuel dispensing rate 
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. . . GRAMS VAPOR PER GALLON FUEL VERSUS ,N,T,AL * T 

FIGURE 5-6A GRAMS v« ~ 

43 

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FIGURE 5-7A GRAMS VAPOR PER 

GALLON FUEL VERSUS INITIAL AT 

46 
P.11 

1 

In-Use Spillage 

Four Types of Spillage 

Pre-fill drip- 0,02 g/gal 

Spitback - 0,15 g/gal 

Overflow - 0,10 g/gal 

Post-fill drip- 0,03 g/gal 

Low end of possible values 

Factors Affecting Spitback Spillage 

Fill completion 

Nozzle bending angle 

Spout depth (length) 

Fuel dispensing rate 
P.12 

Benefits of Dispensing Rate Limits and 

Standardized Nozzles 

Enhance onboard efficiency 

- In-use dispensing rate will equal design and 

certification rate 

- Decrease vapor load and entrained liquid to 

canister 

Provide uniform nozzle for fillpipe design 

Reduction of in-use spillage 

Reduction of refueling vapors 
P.13 

Ways to Achieve These Benefits 

Limitation of In-use Dispensing Rate 

Insert flow regulator in one of the following locations: 

- dispensing unit 

- hose 

- nozzle 

Provide some surveillance and enforcement programs 

Nozzle Standardization 

Key Parameters to be Considered 

- Total Spout Length 

- Length of Spout's Straight Section 

• - Spout bending angle 

• - Automatic shutoff port location 

Similarity of current nozzles 

Investigate effects of nozzle standardization further 
»•• 

Ficrure 1 

P.14 

AiiwnaticiH^ 

tabsnatie Shutoff 

HoxxlA Body 

Hand Tjsver 

ftuJoroatic CUp