Outreach for All Forum Summary Paper:

Paths to Support Individual Empowerment of People with Disabilities from Diverse Cultures

Forum Sponsored by the: NATIONAL COUNCIL ON DISABILITY

July 28, 2003

Wyndham Washington Hotel

1400 M Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005 

Acknowledgments

The National Council on Disability (NCD) thanks the following federal agencies for staff time and interest in 

responding to pre-forum inquiries, and for their senior officials' support, partnership, presence and active participation 

during the forum.

Department of Education

Department of Health and Human Service

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Department of Transportation

Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

Federal Communication CommissionSocial Security Administration 

Members of NCD's Cultural Diversity Advisory Council (CDAC) provided support for acting on the policy of integrating 

diversity issues into all of the agency's work. CDAC members-Paul Leung, Ph.D., Jean Lin, Darrell Simmons, Esq., 

Deb Smith, Ed.D., LaDonna Fowler, (former CDAC Vice Chairperson) and Ting Mintz (former CDAC Chairperson)-

provided guidance and direction in the design and planning of the forum, reviewed pre-forum documents, and/or 

identified potential participants.

NCD also values the contributions of Theda Zawaiza, Ph.D., for her role in making the agency's three-part Cultural 

Diversity Initiative-resource mapping, literature review, and the forum-a reality. Dr. Zawaiza also served as lead 

consultant for the forum and was assisted by Claudia Gordon, Esq. Along with logistical and material preparations for 

the forum, contributions of Counterparts, Inc. contractors Josefina Duran and Cappie Morgan included the drafting of 

this summary paper.

Outreach for All Forum Summary: Paths To Support Individual Empowerment Of People With Disabilities From 

Diverse Cultures

Executive Summary

I have learned a great deal about the challenges federal agencies face as they reach

out to diverse groups with disabilities." Cultural Representative at the Forum
The National Council on Disability (NCD) is a small federal agency with a large responsibility-that of bringing 

disability-related issues to the attention of the President, Congress, and other government leaders. Among NCD's 

objectives is to connect with grassroots organizations and to incorporate diverse perspectives in recommendations to 

government. This is particularly important because people with disabilities from diverse cultures sometimes find 

themselves outside the mainstream of American social and economic life not just because of disabilities but also 

because of barriers that may be related to language, cultural heritage and/or economic status.

On July 28, 2003, the NCD hosted a working meeting in Washington, DC, that brought youth and adults from multiple 

cultures across the country together with senior officials from nine federal agencies and one White House initiative. 

Sixty people spent a full day in work sessions that focused on finding ways to create a two-way street for people with 

disabilities who come from diverse communities and government agencies that have a responsibility for providing 

appropriate services and for supporting empowerment and movement toward full participation in society.

A rich mix of people came to this working meeting. Using its connections with grassroots communities, NCD invited 

to Washington people who are African Americans, Native Americans--Navajo, Arapaho, Apache, and Inter-Tribal 

representatives, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders--Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Filipinos, and 

Hispanic/Latinos--Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican Americans, as well as people of other backgrounds. The 

participants represented a broad array of people with and without identified disabilities, including youth. Using its 

political and governmental connections, NCD also brought to the table government officials from the U.S. 

Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Justice, Labor, and 

Transportation, the Social Security Administration, Federal Communications Commission, Equal Employment 

Opportunity Commission, and the White House Initiative on Asian and Pacific Islanders with Disabilities. The forum 

was enriched further by diverse heritages among many of the federal agency representatives who were also people 

with disabilities.

For the first time, "cultural brokers" sat down equally at the table with federal government policymakers and program 

leaders. The goal was to listen to and learn from each other about how to communicate in meaningful ways about 

community level needs, access federal appropriate resources, and to connect the two. During the forum,

distinguishing the federal officials from the cultural "experts" was hard. They shared disabilities. They shared a broad 

array of ethnic heritages. They shared interest in the notion of meaningful outreach. As federal officials and cultural 

representatives worked side-by-side all day, the atmosphere of candor and collegiality was remarkable-bringing to life 

the statement: "We're all in this together."

Prior to the forum, federal officials had also provided NCD information about the extent each agency already 

addressed disability and diversity issues internally and with the general public. The valued agency responses will set 

the background for NCD's potential follow-up activities and next steps with individual agencies. During the forum 

work sessions, participants developed recommendations for a cultural diversity resource toolkit and for an outreach 

roadmap of suggested actions beyond the forum. Among the actions were calls for (1) a Presidential order clarifying 

the need and role for federal agencies around outreach as national demographics shift, and (2) interagency efforts to 

address ways the federal government can provide more accessible programs and services through seamless, 

culturally sensitive, and simplified processes.

Participant evaluations of the forum show that the learning went both ways. The day of dialogue offered a look behind 

the scenes both into cultural differences and into government functioning. Certain officials offered to host future 

meetings of this nature so that the dialogue initiated during the forum could continue. A non-government participant 

said "it was good to have federal officials to talk directly with," and went on to acknowledge the challenge federal 

agencies face in disseminating information about rights and programs to people in the expanding array of diverse 

cultural communities.
Collegiality evident during the day translated into commitments at day's end. Several federal agency representatives 

and one Congresswoman offered assistance-i.e., meeting space, disability-support technology, willingness to 

disseminate information, and a readiness to share forum recommendations with the Congressional Black Caucusthat can keep the field-federal dialogue going. "Cultural experts" from the field offered themselves as consultants to

federal agencies. Both government and grassroots participants asked for connection and follow-up information. NCD, 

delivering on its mandate to support collaboration among federal agencies and links to communities, said that it 

stands ready to host ongoing discussions of this nature via teleconference calls. NCD also committed to completing 

and disseminating a resource "toolkit" aimed at making available to federal agencies cultural information, outreach 

approaches and materials, and models of communication skills that can enhance the ways agencies connect with 

people with disabilities from cultural communities.

NCD's "Outreach for All" forum was a partnership among government officials, people with disabilities, disability 

advocates, and advisory groups that are knowledgeable about disability needs and attitudes within the various 

cultures. This forum was a first phase in what NCD and the participants intend as ongoing dialogue between 

government and citizens with disabilities from diverse cultural heritages.

There is a wealth of talent and [there are many] ideas here that we 'feds' can tap into.

Federal Agency Forum Participant

Outreach for All Forum Summary: Paths To Support Individual Empowerment Of People With Disabilities From 

Diverse Cultures

History of NCD's Work with Disabilities and Culture

People with disabilities from diverse cultures have not been full participants in the country's efforts to eliminate 

disparities, remove barriers, and protect civil and human rights through the enactment of federal laws and initiatives. 

The representation of African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, and Asian 

Americans and Pacific Islanders among 54 million Americans with disabilities is startlingly high in comparison to their 

representation in the overall national census. For example, notwithstanding the census data collection issues 

particularly for people from diverse cultures, Native Americans ages 16-64 years report 27 percent disability-far 

higher than the incidence rate in the general population of the U.S. and the very highest among all cultural groups.

Within its overall purpose as a federal agency, NCD is responsible for working towards the empowerment of 

individuals with disabilities so that they can achieve economic self-sufficiency, independent living, and both inclusion 

and integration into all aspects of society. In order to carry out this purpose for all Americans, over the years NCD 

has given special attention to people with disabilities from cultural groups since data show that they can be the 

hardest to reach and yet they are among those people most in need of improved and appropriate services.

For more than ten years and in a variety of formats_ public hearings, regional and/or community-level focus groups, 

symposia; work sessions, and national meetings_ NCD has put a spotlight on the unmet needs, barriers, and special 

problems people with disabilities from diverse cultures face as they seek services that could support their desires and 

efforts to be recognized as resourceful, contributing members of social and economic life. NCD has generated 

multiple reports to the Administration and Congress that include recommendations pertaining to equal protections of 

the civil and human rights of people with disabilities from diverse cultures. A recurring theme across 

recommendations made in the NCD reports is that outreach efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultural 

origins need to be improved and that families, practitioners, community-based organizations, and government 

agencies should work together to find ways to bring about this improvement. In the spirit of serving people with the 
greatest need as described in the reports, NCD created a Cultural Diversity Initiative (CDI) in FY 2003. This initiative 

puts into action several recommendations spawned by the earlier meetings on diversity and disability. CDI consists of 

three related projects designed to promote within federal agencies public awareness, advocacy, networking, policymaking and research about people with disabilities from diverse cultures. The primary goal of CDI is to provide 

definitive information about promising practices for successful outreach to people with disabilities from diverse 

cultures in relation to their rights and opportunities under various civil rights laws. A secondary goal of CDI is to 

promote capacity- building among federal agencies for integrating issues that affect people with disabilities from 

diverse cultures into the federal agenda. Immediate benefits include contributing to the knowledge base and 

understanding among federal agencies about how to meaningfully include people with disabilities from diverse 

cultures in agency activities.

The three separate but inter-related projects of NCD's Cultural Diversity Initiative are research, development of a 

"toolkit," and hosting a national forum.

1. The research aspect of CDI involved reviewing existing literature on outreach to people with disabilities 

from diverse cultures, including social marketing and outreach efforts by federal agencies and non-profit 

organizations. Products of this research include a cataloguing of promising factors common to successful 

outreach efforts as well as of "gaps" in diversity outreach.

2. The toolkit project aims to develop specific resources for use by federal agencies to enhance their 

outreach to people with disabilities from diverse cultures. This toolkit, which is to be ready in the fall of 2003, 

will include fact sheets on federal disability policies, information on designing and managing strategic 

outreach initiatives, and models of promising outreach policies, programs, and products.

3. The "Outreach for All Forum" was designed to bring about face-to-face dialogue among grassroots 

people with disabilities, their advocates, and federal officials. Its purpose was to give life to the idea of 

grassroots-government collaboration and to prompt communication about outreach approaches and 

practices. The forum also served as a point of connection for CDI's three aspects: research, toolkit, and 

face-to-face dialogue.

Description of the "Outreach for All" Forum

The July 28, 2003 forum held in Washington, DC, was an invitational working meeting of 60 people. One third of the 

people at the forum were "experts" from diverse cultures (Native American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian/Pacific Islander, 

and African American people). NCD brought the participants together to work shoulder-to-shoulder with 20 officials 

from nine federal agencies along with a representative from the White House Initiative on Asian and Pacific Islanders 

with Disabilities.

The forum was a daylong working meeting. After greetings from NCD leaders and messages from members of 

Congress and five federal agencies (Education, Health, Housing and Urban Development, Justice, and the Equal 

Employment Opportunity Commission), the bulk of the day was spent in workgroup sessions. Work group 

participants were charged with developing recommendations to federal agencies about ways to enhance federal 

outreach efforts to cultural communities. The day's agenda can be found in the appendix of this document. The way 

the day unfolded is described below.

Role of National Council on Disability Members

In addition to carrying out their regular duties as Council members, six of the fifteen members appointed by the Bush

Administration were requested to share leadership roles in preparation for and/or during the forum. Prior to the forum, 
Council 2nd Vice Chairperson, Dr. Glenn B. Anderson and Council members Marco Rodriguez, Milton Aponte, Esq., 

and Kathy Martinez assisted with the design and planning. At the forum, Lex Frieden, NCD Chairperson, welcomed 

participants and set the tone for the day of collaborative work. Milton Aponte, Esq., who is also parent of a child with 

a disability, served as forum facilitator throughout the day. Dr. Young Woo Kang, Council Member, shared 

information about the recognition of and respect for cultural differences, the impact of attitudes toward the concept of 

disability, and his personal experiences as a Korean-born professional who is blind and who immigrated to the United 

States as a young adult. Council member Kathy Martinez facilitated the large group forum sessions where the three 

workgroups assembled to report their findings and recommendations. Council members also participated in forum 

work groups.

Messages from the House of Representatives

Two members of Congress addressed the opening session of the forum:

• Congresswoman Donna Christian-Christensen, Representative from the U.S. Virgin Islands, applauded the 

purpose of the meeting and expressed her interest in improving the federal government's outreach to people 

with disabilities from diverse cultures. She also offered to present recommendations resulting from the forum 

to the Congressional Black Caucus and to ask for its backing of action steps. 

• Congressman Major Owens, Representative from Brooklyn, NY, addressed the forum by telephone and 

expressed his solidarity with its goals. He stated that it is critical to outreach to-and to organize-people with 

disabilities from diverse cultures so that they can compete successfully for the resources that are available 

from federal agencies. By obtaining the supports that are theirs by right, Congressman Owens emphasized 

that people with disabilities can become strong contributors to the American social and economic 

experience. 

Messages from the Leaders of U.S. Federal Agencies and Initiatives

The leaders of five federal agencies sent greetings to forum participants through senior agency officials as follows:

U.S. Department of Education (DOED): 

• Loretta Petty Chittum, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services 

(OSERS) 

• Joanne Wilson, Commissioner, Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) of the U.S. Department of 

Education's Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. 

Current Department of Education Outreach Initiatives: Both Department of Education representatives 

catalogued some of their agency's current outreach programs to people from diverse cultures. These 

included: grants to institutions of higher education to prepare students from diverse cultures for careers in 

rehabilitation; a regular head-count of the number of people from diverse cultures who are served in each 

state's rehabilitation system; leadership programs for people with disabilities from cultural communities; 

specific programs focused on Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and migrant families; and grant-writing 

workshops offered to cultural organizations to help them compete successfully for federal dollars.

DOED Commitments to Outreach: Both federal education representatives voiced their personal 

commitments and that of their organizations to working with NCD to improve outreach initiatives to cultural 

communities and to support follow-up actions on the forum:

"We look forward to working with NCD on this outreach effort." Loretta Chittum
"Let RSA know if there is any way we can help support your work to change people's attitudes so that we 

can all live the American dream." Joanne Wilson.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS): 

• Dr. Margaret Giannini, Director of the Office of Disabilities, Office of the Secretary of HHS. 

Current HHS Outreach Initiatives: Dr. Giannini pointed out that the creation in 2002 of the Office of 

Disabilities within the Office of the Secretary shows the commitment of the leadership of HHS to disability 

issues. This commitment can also be seen in the work of HHS' Office of Minority Health, which focuses on 

improving services to ethnic and linguistic minorities, and in the work of HHS' Office of Indian Health, which 

has a steering committee specifically responsible for addressing the needs of people with disabilities from 

those cultures.

HHS Commitments to Outreach: Dr. Giannini went on to say: "I think that if we all partner, we can make this 

effort grow, expand, and be replicated throughout our nation. I applaud the National Council on Disability for 

convening this meeting because it's important for us to spark a dialogue and to identify concrete actions that 

we can take together to meet the needs of persons with disabilities from diverse cultures."

U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ): 

• Loretta King, Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Division. 

Current DOJ Outreach Initiatives: The Department of Justice is one of the few federal agencies that has a 

specific task force set up to work on outreach to people with disabilities from diverse cultures. As evidence 

of the importance of the NCD forum, several members of this task force (John Wodatch, Head of Disability 

Rights at DOJ, Maurice Champagne, and Felicia Sadler) attended the "Outreach for All" forum and worked 

shoulder-to-shoulder with other participants throughout the day.

DOJ Commitment to Outreach: Mrs. Loretta King said: "It is incumbent upon us in the government to reach 

out to all ethnic groups, cultures, and races in order to make sure that whatever rights people are entitled to 

are made known to them so that they can live to their fullest potential in this country." She went on to say: 

"We need to realize that abilities come in all colors." Later in the forum, Felicia Sadler, DOJ Outreach Task 

Force member, suggested that federal agencies share their relevant databases about people with 

disabilities from diverse cultures involved in outreach efforts.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): 

• Carolyn Peoples, Assistant Secretary of HUD's Office of Fair Housing: 

Current HUD Outreach Initiatives: The Office of Fair Housing is HUD's enforcement arm, responsible for 

providing equal housing opportunities for all, including people with disabilities from every culture.

HUD's Commitment to Outreach: Ms. Peoples said: "The 'minority' and disability agenda can only move 

forward with an active and passionately involved leadership. The top three priorities [for HUD and for all of 

us involved in disability issues] are leadership, leadership, and leadership."

Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC):
• Naomi Earp, Vice Chair, EEOC: 

Current EEOC Outreach Initiatives: The very mandate of the EEOC requires outreach to all in order to 

assure equal access to opportunities.

EEOC's Commitment to Outreach: Ms. Earp described the challenge that faces federal agencies, 

organizations at all levels, and individuals: "The odds are very, very heavily stacked against young 'minority' 

Americans with a disability. [We need] a generation of professionals from minority communities with 

disabilities and with positions of influence and power who find it in their own self-interest to change things." 

She, too, picked up the leadership theme stated by Ms. Peoples of HUD: "We need to recruit and mentor 

researchers, administrators, and professional leaders who are personally invested in and have the 

wherewithal to advance a diversity agenda."

Additional Federal Agencies Present at the Forum

Four additional federal agencies and a White House Initiative sent representatives to take part in the outreach forum. 

In several cases, more than one office from these agencies was represented. The additional federal agencies and 

initiative were: the Federal Communications Commission, the U.S. Social Security Administration, the U.S. 

Department of Transportation, the U.S. Department of Labor and the White House's Initiative on Asian and Pacific 

Islanders with Disabilities. A large majority of these federal officials stayed for the full day and worked alongside 

"cultural brokers" and disability and cultural advocates.

Presentations from Experts

Experts on disability and culture then addressed the morning session of the forum to provide a context for the 

workgroup tasks that were to follow.

• Claudia Gordon, Esq., consultant to NCD, a young adult who is deaf, and the lead worker on the literature 

review of outreach practices to people with disabilities from diverse cultures, looked at "New Generations" of 

advocates. She spoke about current young adults with disabilities who want not just to be included but also 

to be leaders in decision-making about policies, programs, accessibility, and outreach to people of culture. 

Ms. Gordon described NCD's Youth Advisory Committee and the guidance it is providing to NCD on a broad 

range of issues that affect young people with disabilities. In closing, Ms. Gordon said: "[All of us] have an 

obligation to help develop the leadership capabilities and to encourage the passion and drive of young 

people, to give credit to their voices and perspectives, and to offer them a place at the table." 

• Milton Aponte, Esq., National Council Member who facilitated the full-group sessions of this forum, spoke 

about the "Foundations for Building a New Framework." He revisited NCD's history-as portrayed in its 

publications-of advocating for the needs of people with disabilities from diverse cultures. He pointed out the 

agency's unique role as broker between the federal government and consumers from all walks of life and all 

heritages, and he cited the "Outreach for All" forum as an example of NCD's continuing responsibility as 

fomenter and convener of dialogues around disability issues. 

• Dr. Glenn Fujiura, Director of the Department of Disability and Human Development at the University of 

Illinois at Chicago, spoke about the demographic realities of culture and disability, using his own experience 

growing up in one of Chicago's many ethnic neighborhoods as a starting point. Dr. Fujiura recommended 

five action steps for a "National Outreach Agenda." 

1. Outreach must move beyond race-based distinctions. It should be less about color and more about the 

un-served and under-served. 
2. Outreach must transcend disability. A great effort has already been invested in coalition building around 

human rights issues. Dr. Fujiura feels that disability gains by being part of a shared advocacy effort focused 

on rights. "Common causes can be found." 

3. Outreach must go beyond cultural competency. It must challenge not just the systems, but also the 

source of inequities in those systems such as bias, lack of access to services, and poverty itself that put 

children and adults of all races at risk. 

4. Outreach must understand its history. An outreach agenda must learn from the rich history of literature 

and of reports focused on poverty, it must understand why minorities have been slow to reach leadership 

ranks, and it should take into consideration prior recommendations related to diversity and disability in order 

to build on what others who came before have learned. 

5. Outreach must have three core priorities: Leadership, leadership, and leadership. "The odds are very, 

very heavily stacked against young 'minority' Americans with a disability. There's a desperate need to 

nurture [them] so that there can be more than token representation on committees, advisory panels, and the 

like. The 'minority' and disability agenda will not move forward without an active and passionately involved 

leadership. This requires a generation of professionals from minority communities with disabilities and with 

positions of influence and power who find it in their own self-interest to change things," according to Dr. 

Fujiura.

Preparation for Workgroup Sessions

Ethel D. Briggs, Executive Director of NCD, then charged participants to "dig deep" into their personal histories and 

experiences and to use these perceptions during the workgroup sessions. She then instructed participants to divide 

into three workgroups and to tackle two issues important to putting action behind ideas that empower people with 

disabilities from diverse cultures to become part of the mainstream of America's social and economic life. Both at 

mid-day and at the end of the day, NCD Council Member, Kathy Martinez moderated full-group sessions where each 

of the three work groups presented its findings and recommendations for action to be taken to enhance federal 

outreach to people with disabilities from diverse cultures. The next section of this paper lays out the 

recommendations made by forum participants.

Forum Recommendations for Action

The heart of NCD's "Outreach for All" forum was the workgroup sessions held for one and a half hours in the morning 

and for an additional hour in the afternoon of the all-day meeting. Each workgroup of 15-20 members included a mix 

of "experts" from diverse cultures, representatives from at least six federal agencies, NCD Council members, and 

other disability advocates. Two "discussion movers" guided each group's discussion period. The discussion movers 

are leaders in the disability movement and most have diverse heritages, including two former NCD Council members.

Workgroups focused on two topics: 1) improving a draft toolkit for federal agencies to use in outreaching to people 

with disabilities from diverse cultures, and 2) establishing a roadmap for future federal outreach efforts.

Toolkit Improvement

Morning workgroup participants were asked: What are the key components that should be contained in a 

"toolkit" NCD is developing for use by federal agencies to inform people with disabilities from diverse 

cultures of their rights under law and of the services available to them? Workgroup discussions began with a 
review of the draft components proposed by NCD for a federal toolkit. Workgroup participants were charged 

to improve and/or augment the starter-set of ideas.

Establishing an Outreach Roadmap

Afternoon workgroups were asked: What specific steps should be taken in the near future to put muscle into 

and action behind the outreach recommendations made by grassroots and federal participants in the July 

28, 2003 forum?

Note that in both action areas ("toolkit"-related next steps and "roadmap"-related next steps) the National Council on 

Disability was seen by forum participants as the key follow-up agent. However, in some cases participants' 

suggestions were outside NCD's authority to implement under the agency's Congressional mandate and other 

suggestions would require a much larger staff and budget than has been appropriated to NCD. Nonetheless, NCD 

indicated its willingness to engage in supportive follow-up actions as far as possible.

Workgroup participants also saw NCD as the refiner and disseminator of the toolkit, as nurturer of improved interand intra-agency dialogue focused on culturally sensitive and effective outreach approaches, and as the on-going 

connector of grassroots community-level advocates and government officials interested in issues that affect culture 

and disability. In addition, a number of Presidential, Congressional, inter-agency/across and intra-agency/within 

actions were suggested.

Forum participants developed a number of recommendations for completion of the outreach resource toolkit and for 

developing a roadmap of actions.

1. Recommended Topics To Be Addressed in the Federal Agency "Toolkit"

Question Posed to Workgroups: What should be included in NCD's "toolkit" to enhance federal agencies' outreach 

efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultures?

What follows are the combined recommendations from the three workgroups. Suggestions that affect the table of 

contents of the "toolkit" are mentioned in conjunction with the chapters set up in the draft document.

a. Strengthen the "Overview" section of the toolkit

Do this by building on the federal agency involvement with the Outreach Forum itself by including letters from federal 

agencies that show their goal of providing a high level of services to all people, including those with disabilities, with a 

special focus on those from diverse cultures.

b. Enrich the "Glossary of Terms" chapter in the toolkit

Assure that the toolkit contains a strong section on cultural competence. This section should:

• Define what is "cultural competence." 

• Show how various ethnic groups may define cultural competence differently and explain that even within 

major ethnic/racial groups there can be significant differences. For example, there are over 550 federally 

recognized Native American/Alaska Native tribes in the U.S. with dissimilar attitudes about disabilities, about 

human rights, and about federal and state government services. 

• Give examples of ways agencies can be respectful of cultural vocabulary such as making efforts to use 

language of the target population and demonstrating respect for their traditions. 

• Work towards finding a common language across agencies related to disabilities, culture, and outreach. 

c. Create a section in the toolkit on skill building 
• Grant-writing skills-Develop a chapter on grant writing (how to identify grant opportunities, how to respond to 

Requests for Proposals [RFPs], ways to develop proposal-writing skills, and mechanisms for involving 

families in grant design) in order to strengthen cultural groups' chances of getting federal funds. (Note that 

some grants have been written specifically to support outreach activities to cultural communities.) 

• Complaint-filing skills-Inform toolkit users of ways to file complaints about discrimination (disability, cultural, 

etc.). Advise both grassroots people and federal officials about filing processes: what to say, how to file, how 

to bring complaints to the attention of senior policymakers, how to monitor responses, and how to track data 

about complaints. 

d. Enrich the chapter of the toolkit that showcases effective community-level outreach opportunities

Ensure that the chapter in the toolkit on "Diversity Paths to Support Empowerment" identifies specific grassroots 

avenues for reaching out to ethnic communities. Examples are: 

• Use ethnic-oriented TV, radio, and newspapers. (Develop a master list of media outlets that serve diverse 

cultures, and recommend ways to connect to and collaborate with them.) 

• Connect with grassroots neighborhood groups, community centers, and churches. 

• Work with opinion leaders in cultural communities such as religious leaders. 

• Make sure that business owners are part of outreach efforts since employment of persons with disabilities is 

such a critical issue. (Examples: Target Asian Chambers of Commerce and Hispanic/Latino Business 

Associations.) 

• Target small enterprises that reflect cultural flavors-beauty and barbershops, nail salons, ethnic groceries-as 

being places to learn from as well as being community-based localities where messages can be conveyed. 

• Reach out to often-forgotten areas of the country, such as rural areas. Showcase a public service 

announcement that targets a cultural community in a very rural area. 

e. Somewhere in the toolkit identify opportunities that help grassroots and government work together

Include in the toolkit a chapter that explores new (or showcases existing) ways federal agencies and grassroots 

cultural organizations can connect. Examples are: 

• Co-sponsor conferences and programs (as in NCD's "Outreach for All" forum). 

• Use information technology (share agency and cultural information via the Internet). 

• Work through regional centers and programs to link federal agencies and ethnic communities. 

f. In the toolkit, identify cultural voices and expertise that already exists in federal agencies

Showcase federal agencies that have PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES in leadership positions so that: 

• People in grassroots cultures can see that individuals from their backgrounds are valued. 

• These "insiders" can be put to work to improve outreach from federal agencies to local communities. 

• Points of contact with both individuals and with relevant offices such as EEO offices, and Offices of Civil 

Rights within federal agencies can be clearly identified and then used as entry zones for queries and/or 

ideas related to cultural issues. 

g. Develop a toolkit chapter specifically on health and mental health issues

Remembering that in many cases disability has large health components and that mental health is an important 

aspect of well being in all cultures, make sure that the toolkit has a strong section on both health and mental health, 

especially as these arenas are perceived by and acted out within diverse cultures.

h. In the toolkit's section on "Federal Disability and Civil Rights Laws" include
• The fact that ADA does not apply to tribal all governments based on the sovereignty factor. Refer to 

examples of tribes that have developed laws addressing protections for people with disabilities on tribal 

lands. 

• A clear description of Section 504 in Title 5 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended-a nondiscriminatory provision for any entity receiving federal dollars. Forum participants felt that ADA seems to be 

spoken to in the draft toolkit, but that additional serious attention needs to be paid to Section 504. 

i. Give examples of promising programs/practices

Identify the outreach strategies and practices that already exist within federal agencies or at the local level. Examples 

mentioned at the forum: 

• The Dept. of Justice's private/civic program in cities. Have NCD recommend that promising programs such 

as this one is beefed up, improved, then spread to other cities. 

• Broward County's Family Care Council that used Administration on Developmental Disabilities/HHS federal 

fund to bring together families and consumers for empowerment training, problem solving, and the 

development of a plan of action. 

2. Recommended "Roadmap" for Follow-Up Actions to the Forum

Question Posed to Workgroups: What next steps should be taken to develop a roadmap, including a timetable for 

implementing the recommendations made at NCD's "Outreach for All" forum?

For purposes of action-oriented follow-up, the recommendations made by forum workgroups have been clustered in 

categories related to which bodies-the Administration, Congress, federal agencies, outreach activists-might take the 

lead in carrying out next steps. Forum participants made recommendations as follows:

a. The President should:

• Issue an Executive Order that mandates government agencies give priority to outreach to people with 

disabilities in diverse communities. Within the order: 

• Require each agency to appoint a disability outreach coordinator. 

• Name a specific federal agency to direct an inter-agency steering group that is responsible for identifying 

and sharing stellar federal government outreach approaches and expertise. 

• Mandate that each agency-through the inter-agency steering group-report back to the White House within 

"x" timeframe-maybe 6 months to one year-on outreach activities. (Consider using the New Freedom 

Initiative's multi-agency reporting system-"Delivering on the Promise/"with HHS as the coordinating agencyas the example for implementing this Executive Order.) 

• Alternately, consider using the ADA Coordinating Committee as the communication and coordination 

mechanism among federal agencies for outreach to cultural communities. 

• Hold federal agencies accountable (through GPRA) for doing a better job of outreach to people with 

disabilities in diverse cultures. 

• Use Executive Order 13166 as a model for the new one on outreach. 

b. Congress should:

 Establish a National Commission on Outreach responsible for holding hearings both on the need to and ways of 

connecting with people with disabilities from diverse cultures. Legislation that creates this commission should specify 

its composition, its funding authority, the entity to which it will report, and timeframes for action. 

 Pass legislation that mandates federal agencies give priority to outreach as they carry out their agencies' missions.

The provisions outlined in the next section ("Federal Agencies Should") could be contained in that legislation. 
c. Federal Agencies should:

In order to enhance the federal government's outreach efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultures, each 

of the nine federal agencies that have partnered with NCD in its Cultural Diversity Initiative should agree at the 

highest level (level of the secretary) to commit them to giving priority to outreach efforts to people with disabilities 

from diverse cultures. This commitment would take the form of an agency-wide Executive Order or formal decree. 

Specific provisions of this decree would include a commitment to:

 Create/identify a disability office(s) within each agency, and define a regular way for them to communicate both 

among the different branches within that agency as well as each other (across agencies). The offices could serve as 

disability resource centers to each agency. Note: An alternative approach could be to start with agencies that already 

have advisory bodies on outreach to cultural communities (the FCC does and the DOL has one on Native 

Americans). Bring the existing bodies together, then ask the remaining federal agencies to create similar bodies and 

fashion a coordinating mechanism among them. 

 Identify or hire "outreach champions."

• Identify people with disabilities already operating within each agency whose experience can inform agency 

outreach efforts. 

• Hire additional PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES from diverse cultures and use these people's experience and 

sensitivities to guide outreach efforts. 

 Make sure that complaints about failed outreach are heard at the highest levels of the agency.

• The Congressional and/or agency mandates that raise the profile of outreach issues within the federal 

government should create a specific grievance mechanism that makes sure that complaints about 

misconnections or lack of connections with cultural groups reach the highest decision-making levels of 

agencies so that lessons are learned and improvements can be made. 

 Allocate specific resources (funds in each agency's budgets) to improve outreach activities. 

 Use federal agency leadership retreats and training to promote improved outreach. (Identify the leadership retreats 

and/or leadership training some federal agencies sponsor, and promote the importance of outreach at those 

retreats.) 

d. Outreach Activists should:

The suggestions that follow were not assigned to any single action group, but were compiled from recommendations 

by forum organizers, federal agency officials, and other forum participants.

 Enlist the support of churches such as the Congress of National Black Churches as well as other religious 

organizations of all types in outreach efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultures: (Note: These 

organizations would need to be helped to see that it is in their interests to become disability and cultural advocates.) 

 Find ways to enlist existing civil rights groups to help with outreach to people with disabilities from diverse cultures. 

Help them understand that disability and cultural issues are part of their core human rights agendas. 

NEXT STEPS AND TIMETABLE FOR ACTION

The stated goals of NCD's "Outreach for All" forum-and the ways it accomplished them-were as follows:

 Call attention to existing federal agency efforts in disability and diversity outreach. The forum accomplished this by 

providing opportunities for federal agency leaders to give examples of their current outreach efforts and the strategies 

they are using to reach un-served and under-served people with disabilities from diverse cultures. 
 Infuse the New Freedom Initiative with a cultural focus: As one example, the White House Initiative on Asian and 

Pacific Islanders with Disabilities was represented at the forum. In addition, NCD's Chairperson, Lex Frieden 

highlighted in his forum remarks the Administration's support through the New Freedom Initiative's (NFI) goals of 

inclusion for all Americans in the country's social and economic life and NFI's congruence with NCD's mission, as 

well as and the goals of the Outreach Forum. 

 Initiate dialogue about coordination of outreach practices: The recommendations made by forum participants 

related to the "roadmap" of follow-up activities repeatedly emphasized the importance of both inter- and intra-agency 

coordination and collaboration so that successful outreach methods and approaches to people from diverse cultures 

can be shared within and across the federal government. 

 Identify a common core of resources: Forum participants came up with a series of specific recommendations aimed 

at improving/enriching the "toolkit" that will be used by federal and other agencies serving people from diverse 

cultures to inform them of their rights and of the services and programs available to them at federal, regional, and 

local levels. 

NCD's Role in Next Steps and Timetable

At the very end of the "Outreach for All" forum, Milton Aponte, Council Member and facilitator for the working 

meeting, said that NCD stands ready to support the following actions as next steps with estimated timelines:

 Early fall-Make sure that the report on the forum, including workgroup recommendations for next steps, is posted 

on NCD's website. 

 By the end of the 2003 calendar year-Incorporate into the "toolkit" the ideas from the forum that can enhance 

outreach activities by federal agencies. Post the toolkit on NCD's website so that there is widespread access for 

grassroots people and their organizations to the information contained therein. 

 Early in 2004-Disseminate the toolkit to NCD's federal partners and as requested, provide guidance regarding use 

within the agencies to enhance their outreach efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultures. Also solicit 

feedback from the agencies about toolkit use. 

 Within six months of the forum-Adopt specific ways to continue the grassroots-government dialogue on outreach 

issues such as: 1) host NCD-facilitated teleconference calls among federal and cultural participants at the forum, 2) 

investigate the possibility of establishing and monitoring a listserv focused on outreach, or 3) pursue as many forum 

recommendations as possible so that the federal/local dialogue that has begun can continue. 

Evaluation of Forum by Participants

While the rate of evaluation forms returned at NCD's "Outreach for All" forum was only 21percent, the large majority 

of responders said that they relished being in a working session where both grassroots and government people could 

share perceptions about the cross point of disability and culture. There was also agreement that favored the 

opportunity the forum provided for working shoulder-to-shoulder on ways to enhance federal outreach efforts to 

cultural communities. "The open discussion [was valuable] because it gave everyone a chance to give opinions and 

[build] consensus towards the future."

Grassroots participants' comments included: 

• "I have learned a great deal more about federal agencies and the challenges they have in outreaching to 

diverse groups with disabilities." 

• "Contact with the federal representatives from the White House, the Department of Justice, and others was 

very informative." 

• "We can [now] establish a better working relationship with the federal agency representatives who were 

here today." 

• The most useful portion of the forum was "getting insights from Federal representatives." 
Government official's comments included: 

• "[I value] the experience of being able to connect with people from different cultures." 

• "There is a wealth of talent and [there are many] ideas here that we can tap into." 

In terms of the leadership of the forum, over half of the comments mentioned Dr. Glen Fujiura's presentation (e.g., "It 

was succinct and superb"). Many respondents also commended NCD's Council member, Milton Aponte for his 

daylong facilitation with a "positive attitude."

Finally, participants who submitted evaluation forms pressed NCD (1) to assure that follow-up activities occur, and (2) 

to complete the development of the outreach toolkit and disseminate it to federal agencies. The suggestions included 

reconnecting forum participants via teleconference calls, expanding the outreach network by augmenting the list of 

participants with the names of people who expressed interest but could not attend, working to establish a listserv 

focused on outreach issues, and, conceivably, hosting follow-up meetings of cultural representatives and government 

officials in the future. Forum participants also said that they are counting on NCD to serve as the key link for 

maintaining the dialogue initiated at the forum. 

Appendix A: Agenda

Outreach for All: Paths to Support Individual Empowerment of People with Disabilities from Diverse Cultures

Monday, July 28, 2003 Wyndham Washington Hotel-1400 M St., NW, Washington, DC, 20005 

08:30 am Registration (Monticello Foyer) Participant networking

09:00 am Introduction of Presiding Council Member Dr. Gerrie Hawkins, NCD Policy Team

Forum Opening, Mr. Milton Aponte, Esq., NCD Council Member

09:05 am Official Welcome Mr. Lex Frieden, NCD Chairperson

09:15 am Greetings: Government Outreach on Diversity and Disability

Invited: Attorney General John Ashcroft and representatives of heads of the following agencies: The 

Departments of Education, Health and Human Services, Labor, Transportation, Housing and Urban 

Development, the Social Security Administration, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the 

Federal Communications Commission; Congresswoman Donna Christian-Christensen; Congressman Major 

R. Owens

09:35 am New Ways of Thinking: New Generations, Ms. Claudia Gordon, Esq.

09:40 am Foundations for Building a New Framework: Why We Are Here, Mr. Milton Aponte

09:50 am Demographic Realities, Dr. Glenn T. Fujiura, University of Illinois, Chicago

10:05 am The Charge to Forum Workgroups, Ms. Ethel Briggs, Executive Director, NCD
10:15-10:30 am Movement to Work Group Locations

10:35 am -12:15 pm: Morning Work Group Session: Paths to Support Individual Empowerment I: Toolkit-Developing 

a Toolkit for Federal Agency Outreach

12:20 pm General Forum: WORKING LUNCH Work Groups Share Toolkit Ideas, Leader: Ms. Kathy Martinez, NCD 

Council Member

1:30-2:30 pm Afternoon Work Group Session: Paths to Support Individual Empowerment II:

Roadmap-Developing an Outreach Roadmap for Multi-Agency Coordination and Collaboration

2:35-2:45pm Transition back to full group session

2:50 pm General Forum: Work Groups Share Roadmap Ideas, Leader: Ms. Kathy Martinez

3:20 pm Cultural Differences and Attitudes, Dr. Young Woo Kang, NCD Council Member

3:25 pm Participant Perspectives: Visions of Success* Leader: Mr. Milton Aponte

4:05 pm Closing: Sur-prizes and Comments

4:30 pm Adjournment

*This closing session will ask federal and non-federal participants to respond to the following questions: A. How might 

federal agencies collaborate with each other in outreach work to diverse communities? B. What might be the result at 

the community-level of significantly broadened outreach efforts to people with disabilities from diverse cultures?

Appendix B: Forum Fact Sheet

National Council on Disability

Outreach for All: Paths to Support Individual Empowerment of People with Disabilities from Diverse Cultures

Wyndham Washington Hotel--Washington, DC

Monday, July 28, 2003

For over a decade, the National Council on Disability (NCD) has worked to make national disability policy, laws, 

programs, and services more responsive to people with disabilities from the broad array of cultures that enrich our 

country. The July forum will build on this prior work and incorporate the spirit and intent of the Administration's call 

within its New Freedom Initiative to address the needs of unserved and underserved people. The Forum's specific 

focus is on effective outreach mechanisms (practices, materials, approaches) that can be used by federal agencies 

to improve their ability to reach and meaningfully engage people with disabilities from diverse cultures. The goal of 

this forum is to develop concrete actions the federal government can undertake. Specifically, the forum aims to:

 Call Attention to Existing Federal Agency Efforts in Disability and Diversity Outreach: Provide definitive information 

on comprehensive outreach efforts as well as the range of strategies used to reach unserved and underserved 

people with disabilities from diverse cultures. 
 Infuse the New Freedom Initiative with a Cultural Focus: Provide opportunities for people with disabilities who 

represent diverse cultures and other people with exemplary outreach approaches to enrich with their experiences the 

Administration's comprehensive plan to tear down the barriers that face people with disabilities across our country. 

 Initiate dialogue about coordination of outreach practices: Encourage the development of a roadmap for multiagency coordination and collaboration so that successful outreach methods and approaches to people from diverse 

cultures can be shared. 

 Identify a Common Core of Resources: Critique for improvement a draft toolkit that will include strategies and 

models of outreach already in use by federal and other agencies serving people from diverse cultures to inform them 

of their rights and of services and programs available to them.