AFS-11-314-E 

June 22, 2011 

 Exemption No. 10294 

 Regulatory Docket No. FAA-2011-0324 

Mr. Joseph Howley 

Chairman of the Board of Directors 

Patient AirLift Services, Inc. 

120 Adams Boulevard 

Farmingdale, NY 11735 

Dear Mr. Howley: 

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends. 

The Basis for Our Decision 

By letter dated March 24, 2011, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 

behalf of Patient AirLift Services, Inc. (PALS), for an exemption from § 61.113(c) of 

Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) to the extent necessary to allow for 

reimbursement of its volunteer pilots for fuel costs incurred in conducting charitable flights. 

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition 

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to PALS. 

The FAA has issued grants of exemption in circumstances similar in all material respects to 

those presented in your petition. In Grant of Exemption Nos. 10009 and 10019 (copies 

enclosed), the FAA found that the humanitarian efforts of these pilots who volunteer their 

time and piloting services are commendable, and the FAA wants to encourage this kind of 

volunteerism and public service for the common good of our citizens. The FAA recognizes 

the fact of rising costs for fuel and aircraft operating expenses; however, when money is 

exchanged for transportation, the public expects, and the FAA has a duty to demand, a higher 

level of safety for the flying public. The FAA believes by requiring the petitioners and their 
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pilots to comply with the conditions and limitations set forth in this grant of exemption, the 

FAA can ensure that a higher level of aviation safety for the flying public will be maintained. 

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that— 

 they are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in the enclosed Grant 

of Exemption Nos. 10009 and 10019; 

 the reasons stated by the FAA for granting the enclosed Grant of Exemption Nos. 10009 

and 10019 also apply to the situation you present; and 

 a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Our Decision 

Under the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 40113 and 44701, which the FAA Administrator 

has delegated to me, I hereby grant Patient AirLift Services, Inc., an exemption from 

14 CFR § 61.113(c) to the extent necessary to allow for reimbursement of its volunteer pilots 

for fuel costs incurred in conducting charitable flights, subject to the conditions and 

limitations described below. 

Conditions and Limitations 

1. The exemption holder must have in place the following: 

a. A structured and documented pilot registration process that has an annual 

renewal requirement and ensures that only qualified pilots who are registered 

and trained conduct charitable flights. This process must include a means to 

verify registration prior to flight; 

b. On-file documentation authenticating registered pilots’ experience, ratings, 

FAA physical, and any other information pertinent to the pilots’ qualifications; 

c. A system that registers the pilot’s assertion, at the time he/she accepts a flight 

to accomplish, that he/she meets all minimum standards and appropriate 

currency requirements established by the FAA and all conditions and 

limitations set forth in this exemption and will conduct the flight in accordance 

with all applicable Federal regulations; and 

d. A file of all flight and reimbursement records that must be made available to 

the FAA for viewing at a designated office site location. Records shall be kept 

a minimum of 2 years. 

2. The FAA may, at any time or place, conduct inspections of the pilot(s) and aircraft 

being flown in accordance with this exemption. 

3. All pilots must possess the following qualifications and aeronautical experience, as 

appropriate: 
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a. Must hold an instrument rating or privilege (i.e., instrument privilege relates to 

the airline transport pilot certificate) that is appropriate to the aircraft being 

flown; 

b. For the operation of any single-engine piston aircraft, the pilot shall have a 

minimum total time of 500 hours, with no less than 400 hours as pilot in 

command (PIC), and a minimum of 50 hours in the specific make and model of 

single-engine aircraft being flown; 

c. For the operation of any multiengine aircraft, a minimum total time of 1,000 

hours as PIC, a minimum of 250 hours in multiengine aircraft, and a minimum 

of 50 hours in the specific make and model of multiengine aircraft being 

flown; 

d. For the operation of any turbine-powered aircraft, a minimum total time of 

1,000 hours as PIC, a minimum of 100 hours in turbine-powered aircraft, and a 

minimum of 50 hours in the specific make and model of turbine-powered 

aircraft being flown; 

e. A minimum of 50 hours as PIC shall have been flown and logged within the 

preceding 12 calendar months immediately preceding the month of the flight; 

f. Minimum of 12 hours flown and logged, or 2 hours of dual flight training with 

a certificated flight instructor, within the preceding 3 calendar months prior to 

the month of the flight; 

g. Must hold a 2nd class medical certificate (per §§ 61.23(d)(2)(i) and 61.2); 

h. Must have a current flight review (per § 61.56(a)) in the same aircraft 

category, class, and type (if a type rating is required) being flown; 

i. Shall be instrument-current (per § 61.57(c) or (d), as appropriate) in the same 

aircraft category, class, and type (if a type rating is required) being flown; 

j. Within the preceding 3 calendar months prior to the flight, the pilot(s) must 

have logged at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop in the same 

aircraft category, class, and type (if a type rating is required) being flown. 

However, this condition may be accomplished by logging at least 

three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop at night within the preceding 

3 calendar months in the same aircraft category, class, and type (if a type 

rating is required) being flown; and 

k. For all operations under this exemption, the pilot must be current for night 

operations (per § 61.57 (b)) in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type 

(if a type rating is required). 
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4. Flight duty, rest, and flight time limitations: 

a. No pilot may fly more than 8 hours of flight time (per § 61.1) within any 24- 

consecutive-hour duty day period; 

b. No pilot may perform a duty day in excess of 12 consecutive hours (a duty day 

starts when the pilot arrives at the airport and begins preparation for the flight 

and terminates upon completion of the post flight of the aircraft); and 

c. Once the pilot has performed 12 consecutive hours of duty, the pilot must rest 

a period of at least 12 hours before conducting another flight. 

5. Passenger and medical crew briefing requirements: Prior to each takeoff, the PIC 

must ensure that all passengers have been orally briefed on the following: 

a. The flight is being permitted under this grant of exemption and that the 

operator is not a certificated commercial operator; 

b. Smoking: When, where, and under what conditions smoking is allowed;

c. Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems: When, 

where, and under what conditions it is necessary to have his or her safety belt 

and, if installed, his or her shoulder harness fastened about him or her; 

d. The placement of seat backs in an upright position before takeoff and landing; 

e. Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits; 

f. Location of survival equipment; 

g. Use of normal and emergency oxygen installed; 

h. Location and operation of fire extinguishers; and 

i. Prior to each takeoff, the PIC must ensure that the patient, who may need the 

assistance of another person to exit the aircraft if an emergency occurs, has 

received a briefing as to the procedures to be followed if an evacuation occurs. 

6. Pilot training: The exemption holder must establish an initial pilot training program 

that includes the following elements. All pilots must complete this training program 

prior to conducting flights under this grant of exemption: 

a. Risk, hazard identification; 

b. Accident trends and factors for general aviation fixed wing under 

12,500 pounds; 

c. Current edition of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Air Safety 

Foundation Nall Report; 

d. High risk phases of flight-- 

i. Takeoff and climb; 
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ii. Takeoff stall/settling; 

iii. Loss of airspeed resulting in nonrecoverable stall or sink rate; 

iv. Loss of control; and 

v. Crosswinds/other conditions leading to loss of directional control; 

e. Maneuvering-- 

i. Stall or loss of control; and 

ii. Loss of airspeed resulting in stall/spin; 

f. Descent/approach: Beginning of descent from cruise altitude to missed 

approach point or runway threshold; 

g. Stalls/spins; 

h. Loss of airspeed; 

i. Collisions with objects, terrain; 

j. Loss of engine power; 

k. Carburetor icing (if appropriate, for the aircraft the pilot is assigned to fly); 

l. Incorrect fuel mixture; 

m. Wind gusts or wake turbulence; 

n. Landing-- 

i. Loss of directional control; 

ii. Crosswinds; 

iii. Inadequate airspeed control; 

iv. Stalls, hard landing, short-long touchdown; 

v. Runway conditions; and 

vi. Runway contamination; 

o. Flight planning and decisionmaking-- 

i. Flight planning; 

ii. Improper pre-flight planning; 

iii. Insufficient fuel reserves; 

iv. Inadequate in-flight monitoring of ground speed; 

v. Systems operation; 

vi. Improper operation of fuel system; 

vii. Fuel contamination; 
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viii. Improper fueling; 

ix. Weather; 

x. Continued visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions; 

xi. Deficient instrument flight rules (IFR) technique; 

xii. Failure to follow appropriate IFR procedures; 

xiii. Descending below minimum descent altitude on approach; 

xiv. Thunderstorm; 

xv. Flying too close or penetrating turbulence; 

xvi. High winds; 

xvii. Mountainous terrain; 

xviii. Icing; 

xix. Loss of lift and performance; and 

xx. Instrument malfunction; 

p. Other factors -- 

i. Single pilot IFR; 

ii. Night operations at unfamiliar airports; 

iii. Mission mentality; 

iv. Pressure to complete flight operations; 

v. Distractions; 

vi. Missed approach/go around; 

vii. Incomplete/stale weather briefings; 

viii. Communications processes, decisions, and coordination, to include 

communication with air traffic control and passengers; 

ix. Workload and time management; 

x. Situational awareness; 

xi. Effects of fatigue on performance, avoidance strategies and 

countermeasures; 

xii. Effects of stress and stress reduction strategies; and 

xiii. Aeronautical decisionmaking and judgment. 

7. Recurrent training: An annual recurrent training program must ensure: 
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a. The pilot remains adequately trained, current, and proficient regarding all of 

the elements contained in the exemption holder’s training program; 

b. Recurrent training must include testing to determine the crewmember’s 

knowledge of the aircraft and the exemption holder’s program; and 

c. Recurrent flight training sufficient to satisfactorily complete the recurrent 

proficiency flight check. 

8. Aircraft requirements: Each aircraft must have a standard airworthiness certificate. 

9. Aircraft maintenance: All maintenance must be performed by a certificated mechanic, 

repairman, or repair station. Aircraft components must be overhauled prior to 

reaching manufacturer’s recommended time between overhaul. 

10. Areas of operations: All flights must remain within domestic United States airspace. 

11. All pilots must adhere to the following best practices policies of the exemption holder 

which are: 

a. In instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) conditions, each pilot must 

plan to land at airport with a precision approach; 

b. Each pilot must add 100 feet to all instrument approach minimums; 

c. For night landings, the pilot shall use runways with functional vertical 

guidance (visual approach slope indicator, precision approach path indicator, 

instrument flight system); 

d. Pilot will not attempt circling approaches at night; 

e. Add 50 percent to pilot operating handbook runway length performance to 

clear the obstacle for takeoff and landing under ambient conditions; 

f. For IMC takeoff minimums, the pilot must apply 50 percent above the 

approach landing minimums (example: Baltimore-Washington International 

Airport minimums 200/1/2, then the takeoff minimums will be at least 300 feet 

and 3/4-statute-mile visibility); 

g. If destination is unfamiliar, the pilot must obtain briefing from a pilot or fixedbase operator with experience with that airport prior to flight; 

h. Pilots are requested to use nonpunitive report process to communicate any and 

all situations when safety of flight was compromised; 

i. Pilots are requested to provide feedback on weather, airports, air traffic 

control, other pilots, etc., that could compromise safety for future flights; 

j. The pilot must ensure that all passengers are restrained by FAA-approved 

seatbelts or FAA-approved child safety seat. The only exception shall be 

change of seat positions, quick access to luggage, care and/or feeding of child, 

or use of lavatory; 
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k. Pilots will consult all available weather products, wind sock, etc., to verify 

departure will be from the correct runway relative to wind conditions; 

l. Pilots will utilize computer devices and reading material only as these are 

pertinent to safe operation of the flight and will refrain from any and all 

distractions that could compromise safety of flight; and 

m. Pilots will utilize and brief passengers that a sterile cockpit condition exists 

during taxi and takeoff until reaching cruise altitude and also during descent 

from cruise altitude, descent, approach, landing, and taxi to ramp. 

12. Pilots must complete and adhere to the Go/No-Go checklist, patient, passenger, copilot release forms, and post-flight report. The Go/No-Go checklist will consist of at 

least the following information: 

Pilot Go/No-Go Checklist 

 EXCELLENT OK MARGINAL POOR

Pilot

Physical health □ □ □ □

Mental health □ □ □ □

Prepared/Confident □ □ □ □

Well rested □ □ □ □

Aircraft

Maintenance □ □ □ □

Fuel reserve □ □ □ □

Pre-flight □ □ □ □

Equipment sufficient for the □ □ □ □

 flight conditions 

Weight and balance Takeoff weight/CG_____________________ 

 Landing weight/CG_____________________ 

EXCELLENT OK MARGINAL POOR

Weather
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Current & WX Forecast □ □ □ □

 Conditions 

Departure □ □ □ □

Destination □ □ □ □

Return □ □ □ □

Explain if Marginal or Poor: 

_____________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________________________________ 

Other 

 YES NO

Child safety seat ___ ___ 

 

Passengers briefed ___ ___ 

 

Pre-departure weather briefing ___ ___ 

 

Verify departing on correct runway ___ ___ 

 

Release forms signed ___ ___ 

 

Flight # ____________________________________ 

Pilot Signature ____________________________________ 

Date ____________________________________ 

The checklist must be provided to the exemption holder or left with a responsible person, 

such as a fixed-base operator, prior to conducting a flight under this exemption. The 

completed checklist must be retained for 3 days. 
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13. Flight locating procedures required: The pilot must file and activate an IFR flight plan 

for each flight. The flight plan may be canceled upon acceptance of a visual approach 

clearance from air traffic control. 

This exemption terminates on June 30, 2013, unless sooner superseded or rescinded. 

Sincerely, 

/s/ 

Melvin Cintron 

Acting Deputy Director, Flight Standards 

 Service 

Enclosures