Aerial Imaging Version 2.1

Revision B November2015 

# USER GUIDE


# Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution

1Legal Information

Trimble Navigation Limited 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, California 94085 U.S.A. www.trimble.com Copyright and Trademarks © 2013–2015, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble and the Globe and Triangle logo are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. Access is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited. Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks ortrademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Trimble Navigation Limited is under license. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All othertrademarks are the property of their respective owners. COCOM Limits The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS products contain performance limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner that could threaten the security of the United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product:

– Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be greaterthan 1,000 knots, or its altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. Notices United States Certification number: FCC ID HSW-DNT2400P. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void your authority to operate this equipment under Federal Communications Commission rules. Canada Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved forthe transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication. This device complies with Industry Canada licenseexempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Certification number IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-210. Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante. Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radioexempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes: (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit acceptertout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Numérique de certification IC: 4492A-DNT2400P. Cet appareil est conforme à la norme CNR-210 du Canada. Europe The product covered by this guide are intended to be used in all EU member countries, Norway, and

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 2Switzerland.

This equipment is classified as Group 1, Class A equipment according to EN 55011. Group 1 is applicable for all equipment within the scope of EN 55011 that is not classified as Group 2 equipment, which contains all ISM RF equipment. Class A equipment is equipment suitable for use in all establishments otherthan domestic. Using Class A equipment in domestic environments may cause difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. CE Declaration of Conformity Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares that this product is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of:

– EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)

– Radio Equipment Directive (1999/5/EC)

– RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU)

– Machine Directive (2006/42/EC) Note– Deviationfrom Machine directive 2006/42/EC: The CE markingfor the UX5 system is placed on the Trimble UX5 eBox and is only visible when the eBox is removedfrom the Trimble UX5 wing
. Japan Certification numbers forthe DNT2400P RFM radio module: 007WWCUL0739 and 003UVA110681 Brazil Este produto está homologado pela Anatel, de acordo com os procedimentos regulamentados pela Resolução no. 242/2000 e atende aos requisitos técnicos aplicados, incluindo os limites de exposição da Taxa de Absorção Específica referente a campos elétricos, magnéticos e eletromagnéticos de radiofrequência de acordo com as Resoluções no. 303/2002 e 533/2009. Manter distância mínima de 2,5 cm do corpo humano. Para maiores informações, consulte o site da ANATEL www.anatel.gov.br. Australia and New Zealand This product conforms with the regulatory requirements of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) EMC framework, thus satisfying the requirements for C-Tick Marking and sale within Australia and New Zealand. Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements The product contains a removable Lithium polymer battery. Taiwanese regulations require that waste batteries are recycled. 廢電池請 回 收 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) For product recycling instructions and more information, please go to www.trimble.com/Corporate/Environmen tal_Compliance.aspx
. Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, products that run on electrical power), call +31 497 53 24 30, and ask for the “WEEE Associate”. Or, mail a request for recycling instructions to: Trimble Europe BV c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics Meerheide 45 5521 DZ Eersel, NL FCC Declaration of Conformity We, Trimble Navigation Limited. 935 Stewart Drive PO Box 3642 Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642 United States +1-408-481-8000 Declare under sole responsibility that DoC products comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 3Environmental hazards

The product complies with international RoHS regulations. Toxic and hazardous substances and elements Part name Lead

(Pb) Mercury (Hg) Cadmium (Cd) Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Poly-brominated

biphenyls (PBB) Poly-brominated

diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Lithium polymer rechargeable battery X O O O O O
Power supply X O O O O O Printed circuit board assembly X O O O O O
Radio module X O O O O O Chassis O O O O O O Plastic enclosure O O O O O O Paper manual O O O O O O

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# Contents

1 Introduction 

### 7 The UX5 aerial imaging solution 8 System components 9 Installing the Aerial Imaging software 10 Projects, blocks, and flights 12 Project phases 12 Software overview 13 Changing the system settings 17 Performing maintenance 18 

### 2 Planning a Project 

### 20 Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements 21 Creating a project 22 Preparing the project map 23 Defining the blocks 26 Obstacle clearances 31 Defining the flights 36 Exporting the project 43 Checking flight permissions and conditions 44 

### 3 Preparing Equipment 

### 48 Flight case contents 49 Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover 50 Inserting the eBox 51 Checking the launcher 53 Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover 53 Charging the UX5 batteries 55 Charging theTablet batteries 60 Charging the camera batteries 60 Checking the camera 61 Inserting the camera 65 Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver 66 Locating your equipment 67 

### 4 Completing a Flight 

### 68 Importing the project 69 Keeping an eye on the weather 69 Validating the blocks 69 Validating the flights 70 Completing the flight checklist 70 Monitoring the flight 83 Landing the UX5 92 Completing the post-flight checklist 94

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 5Contents
Disassembling the launcher 95



### 5 Analysis and Export 

### 97 Transferring the images 98 Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software 98 Exporting flight data for processing 99 Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis 99 

### 6 Troubleshooting 

### 101 System errors and warnings 102 Landing issues 107 Aerial Imaging software issues 107 Battery charger errors 107 eBox LED status 108 Technical support 109 

### 7 Specifications and Settings 

### 110 UX5 UAS specifications 111 Launcher specifications 113 Camera specifications 113 Camera settings 114 UX5 battery safety 122 

### A Country-Specific Regulatory Information 

### 130 FAAconditions and limitations ofoperation 131 

### Glossary 

### 135

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# Introduction

n The UX5 aerial imaging solution n System components n Installing the Aerial Imaging software n Projects, blocks, and flights n Project phases n Software overview n Changing the system settings n Performing maintenance The Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution User Guide provides detailed information about operating the components oftheTrimble® UX5 aerial imaging solution. Even ifyou have used other unmanned aviation systems before, please read this userguide carefully to familiarize yourselfwith the UX5 aerial imaging solution.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 7 

# 1 C H A P T E R1 Introduction 

# The UX5 aerial imaging solution TheTrimble UX5 aerial imaging rover is an unmanned aircraft (UA). An unmanned aircraft is a genericterm, and refers to an aircraft that is operated remotely. The UX5 aerial imaging rover follows a pre-programmed path wheretakeoff, flight, and landing require minimal human intervention. Ifrequired, the crewoperating the aircraft from the ground can interveneto change the flight path orto land. In some cases, such as communications failure or loss ofGPS signal, a pre-programmed intervention is automatically activated to re-establish signal loss orto terminate the flight early and complete a safe landing. The UX5 aerial imaging rover holds a camera that takes aerial images overthe defined area. During the flight, all pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified overlap between the image exposures. At the sametime, position information ofthe pictures is recorded forfurther processing in image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software. 

## Typical applications Image acquisition can be used for:

l Orthophoto creation

l Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)

l Photogrammetry The resulting data is useful for a range ofapplications, including:

l Topographical surveying, particularly in remote or difficult to access areas, typical in the mining and dredging industries

l Vegetation monitoring

l Infrastructure mapping 

## ISA conditions All operating specifications provided in this guide forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are determined using International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions. The ISAconditions used to determine the specifications forthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are: Specification Value Humidity 0% Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg) Temperature 15°C (59°F) Air density 1.225 kg/m3 (0.076 lb/ft3)

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# System components The UX5 aerial imaging system comprises the following components:

l UX5 aerial imaging rover
l Camera

l Ground control station

l Launcher

l Tracker (optional) 

## UX5 aerial imaging rover The UX5 aerial imaging rover consists ofthe wing kit (or body) and the eBox. The eBox is a removable boxcontaining the autopilot that controls the UX5. The eBox is connected to a GPS antenna and a radio antenna so that the ground control station can communicate with the UX5 while it is in the air. It is also connected to the camera for sending trigger commands. 

## Camera The camera captures images during the flight. The camera has a large 24.3 megapixel (Sony a5100) or 16.1 megapixel (Sony NEX-5) APS-C sensorthat provides sharp, detailed images. The standard RGB solution includes a UV HAZE 1filter. The optional NIR (near infrared) solution is for use in specialized applications such as agriculture and includes a B+W 040 (orange) filter. 

## Ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the UX5 aerial imaging rover from the ground. It comprises a GPS-enabled Tablet running theTrimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging software. TheTrimble UX5 modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the rover. 

## Launcher The launcher is a mechanical devicethat provides a safe way to launch the UX5 aerial imaging rover in the direction oftakeoff. 

## Tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover and a receiver. Ifrequired, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the UX5 can be located once it has landed. The exact type oftracker used depends on the country wherethe system is being used. Check with yourTrimble distributorwhat is available foryour location.

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# Installing the Aerial Imaging software
Use theTrimble AccessTM Aerial Imaging softwareto plan, manage, and monitoryourflights. The Aerial Imaging Desktop software is installed on an office computer. The field version ofthe Aerial Imaging software is installed on theTablet. The field software provides all ofthe functionality included in the office software. In addition, you can use the field softwareto monitorthe aircraft during flight. 

## Aerial Imaging Desktop installation 1. To install the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, useTrimble Installation Manager. Ifyou have:

l Not installed Trimble Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/installationmanagerfor installation information. Make sure you download and install theTrimble Installation Manager Online version.

l Previously installed Trimble Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. Make sure you do not have a Tablet or otherTrimble controller connected to the office computer. 3. SelectStart/AllPrograms / Trimble Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 4. Make sureAerialImaging is selected in the product bar. 5. In the Trysoftwaretab, select theAerialImaging check boxand then click Create license
. The Trimble CentralAuthentication Service dialog appears. Ifyou do not have a CAS account, click the Create an account link to go to the web page where you can register. After registration, approvethe verification email to create your account. 6. Enteryour login details and then click Log in
. TheTrimble Installation Managerwindowswitches to the Installupdates tab and shows the now licensed Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 7. Click Install
. When the software is successfully installed, a green check icon appears. 8. Click Finish to closeTrimble Installation Manager. Forfurther information on updating the software, viewthe Help file in theTrimble Installation Manager.

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## Aerial Imaging Tablet installation Note – Makesure Windows® 7is installed on the Tablet. 1. To install the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, useTrimble Installation Manager. Ifyou have:

l Not installed Trimble Installation Manager before, go to www.trimble.com/installationmanagerfor installation information. Make sure you download and install theTrimble Installation Manager Online version.

l Previously installed Trimble Installation Manager, you do not need to reinstall it because it updates itselfautomatically. 2. SelectStart/AllPrograms / Trimble Installation Managerto start the Installation Manager. 3. Make sureAerialImaging is selected in the product bar. 4. In the Installupdates tab, select theAerialImaging check boxand then click Install
. When the software is successfully installed, a green check icon appears. 5. Click Finish to closeTrimble Installation Manager. Forfurther information on howto install or update your software and license file, viewthe Help file in Trimble Installation Manager. 

## Software notifications The software notification service is installed on your office computer orTablet along with the Trimble Installation Manager software. The service uses the Windows notification area, which appears at the far right ofthe Windows taskbar. The service notifies you when newerversions ofthe Aerial Imaging software are available. Notifications occur once a week until you have updated your system. To run Trimble Installation Manager and install updates, click the notification message. Alternatively, click theShowHidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then double-click the Trimble Installation Manager icon. To manually check for updates, click theShowHidden Icons arrow in the Windows taskbar and then right-click theTrimble Installation Manager icon and select Checkforupdates
. 

## Updating the firmware The Aerial Imaging software automatically checks that the eBoxfirmware is up to date when the connection between the GCS and the UX5 is established during the flight checklist procedure. If firmware updates are available you are prompted to perform an update. It takes about 30 minutes to updatethe eBoxfirmware. To manually initiate a firmware update, tap Updating thefirmware in the Maintenance screen (see Performing maintenance, page 18). To check the firmware version, tap Checking thefirmware version in the Maintenance screen.

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1. When you are prompted to perform an update, do one ofthe following:

l To dismiss the update checklist, tap . The flight checklist is aborted becausethe software does not allowyou to fly when the firmware version is not in sync with the Aerial Imaging software.

l To start the firmware update, tap . The update checklist appears. 2. When prompted, attach the modem to the GCS. Tap to updatethe modem firmware. 3. When prompted, connect the download cableto the eBoxand the modem. Tap to update the eBoxfirmware. 4. The eBoxfirmware update consists ofseveral automatic steps. When the firmware has finished updating, disconnect the download cable from the eBoxand the modem. Depending on whetherthe Updatefirmware checklist was started automatically or manually, eitherthe start ofthe flight checklist orthe Maintenance screen appears. 

# Projects, blocks, and flights
Aprojectconsists ofall activities needed to acquire aerial imagery ofyour area ofinterest. The area ofinterest consists ofone or more blocks and blocks are added toflights
. Aflight can cover more than one block, as long as the total flight time is less than the maximum flight time. Ifthe estimated flight time for a block exceeds the maximum flight time, the block can be split into smaller parts. For example, a farmerwants to aerially photograph his potato fields. The farmer has two potato fields, located 500 m apart from each other. In his project, he creates a block for each field. One field can be mapped in an estimated flight time of20 minutes. But one field is so largethe estimated flight time is 70 minutes. It cannot be mapped in one flight becausethe maximum flight time is 50 minutes. Therefore, the farmer splits the block into two new blocks. He could split the block into two equal blocks of35 minutes, but then that would result in three separate blocks that haveto be flown as three separate flights. Instead, the farmer splits the larger block into one 45 minute block and one 25 minute block. Then the farmer adds the new 25 minute block to the flight forthe existing 20 minute block. The farmer can now map both fields in two flights, each of45 minutes duration. Projects, blocks, and flights can be copied so it is easy to set up similar projects orflights. Copy blocks to easily repeat flights at different heights orto redo a flight regularly, for exampleto track changes or progress overthe block area. Note – Block andflightplanning are usually done in the office butmustbe validated in thefield afterchecking actualconditions. 

# Project phases The typical phases ofa project are:
l Background map definition: In the office you can preparethe background map, adding details such as avoidance zones.

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l Block definition: Define one or more blocks to be aerially photographed. You can specify the planned wind and flight direction in the office, but you must validatethe block properties in the field to take into account the actual wind direction and environment.

l Flight definition: Prepare one or more flights to coverthe block(s) and suggest the takeoffand landing locations. Ifthe flight preparation is done in the office, then you must validatethe flight properties in the field, including the selected takeoffand landing locations.

l Flight scheduling: Flight scheduling is completed outside ofthe Aerial Imaging software. Complete checks forflight permissions, weather, and site suitability and schedulethe flight. Before heading to the site, check all equipment for any damage from previous flights and fully charge all batteries.

l Flight operation: Completethe flight checklist to ensurethat the system is ready forthe flight. After launching the UX5, monitorthe flight using the ground control station. Afterthe UX5 lands, completethe post-flight checklist to transferthe flight data to theTablet.

l Analysis and export: Analyzethe flight and captured images to make surethey are synchronized and then export the data in the appropriate file format for image processing.

l Image processing: Process the data collected during the flight using image processing software such as Trimble Business Center software. 

# Software overview

l The Home screen, page 14

l The Projects screen, page 14

l Softwaretabs, page 15

l Title bar buttons, page 16

l Status icons, page 16

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## The Home screen When you open the Aerial Imaging software, the Home screen appears. The Home screen is shown below:

From this screen you can:
l Create a new project or import a project. Alternatively, browseto the Projects screen to view available projects. SeeThe Projects screen, page 14
. l Change system settings. See Changing the system settings, page 17
. l Access the Maintenance screen. See Performing maintenance, page 18
. To return to the currentjob, click
. 

## The Projects screen To viewthe Projects screen, click in the Home screen. Existing projects are displayed in the thumbnail carousel on the left and in the list to the right. To search for a project, enterthe project name in the search bar abovethe list, or browsethe project thumbnails. To changethe order ofprojects listed, toggletheSortby icon abovethe list: Click... To list projects...

Alphabetically from Ato Z Reverse alphabetically from Z to A Chronologically from earliest date modified to latest Reverse chronologically from last date modified to earliest

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To view project details, click besidethe project name. You must select a project before some ofthe buttons are enabled. You can do the following: Click... To... For more information, see...

Create a new project. Creating a project, page 22 Import a project GWTfile. Importing the project, page 69 Export the project GWTfile. Exporting the project, page 43 Export a flight as a KMLfile or GPX file for viewing the flight trajectory in software such as Google Earth. Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis, page 99 Export project data as JXLor CSV/TXTfiles for processing. Note – Projects created in AerialImaging software version 1.xcannotbe imported into version 2.1, butifyou haveflightsfrom a version 1.xproject thatneedprocessing, select the exportasJXL orCSV/TXToption and then select the version 1.xproject to export theflightdata. Exporting flight data for processing, page 99

Copy the project and all its content. Open the project. The Map layers screen appears. Preparing the project map, page 23 Deletethe project and associated flight data. 

## Software tabs The Aerial Imaging software provides a tabularworkflow. The tabs allowyou to easily move between the different levels ofproject information and phases ofa project. Most screens in the software provide access to the following tabs: Tab icon Tab name Function

Map layers tab Definethe background map and create avoidance zones. Blocks tab Definethe area to aerially photograph and set block properties, such as GSD and height. Flights tab Add flights, and define flight properties, such as the takeoffand landing locations. Flightchecklisttab Completethe flight checklist.

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Tab icon Tab name Function

Dashboardtab Monitorthe UX5 during flight. Post- flightchecklisttab Transferthe flight data from the UX5 to theTablet. 

## Title bar buttons The title bar ofthe software includes the following buttons: Click... To...

Return to the Home screen. Return to the Projects screen. Showor hidethe keyboard. This button is available only in theTablet version of the software. Savethe project. ViewtheAerialImaging Help and the softwareAboutdialog. Closethe software. 

## Status icons At the bottom ofeach screen, the footer shows the following information: Icon Accompanying information Notes

GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe cursor on the map. Ifyou are using the Aerial ImagingTablet software, this icon is not displayed. GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe GCS. Ifyou are using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, this icon is not displayed. Ifthe GCS has no GPS lock, the text "no GPS lock" is displayed. Ifthe GCS has issues with its GPS hardware, the text "no GPS hardware detected" is displayed. GPS coordinates ofthe location ofthe UX5. Ifyou are using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, this icon is not displayed. Ifthe UX5 has no GPS connection, this icon is not displayed. The battery level oftheTablet. Ifyou are using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, this icon is not

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Icon Accompanying information Notes displayed. The current local time (read from the Tablet). Ifyou are using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software, this icon is not displayed. During flight, the following information is shown: Icon Accompanying information

Ground speed. Distance between the GCS and the aircraft, projected perpendicular onto the GCS reference plane; azimuth from the GCS to the aircraft. Number offlight lines flown versus total number offlight lines. Number oftrigger commands. 

# Changing the system settings
To change settings forthe Aerial Imaging software, click the Settings button in the Home screen. After configuring the settings, do one ofthe following:

l Click to accept the settings and then click to return to the Home screen.

l Click to discard the changes you have madeto the settings and return to the Home screen. 

## General settings Use the settings in the Generalgroup to specify:

l The language used forthe Aerial Imaging software and help file.

l The source for online maps. Note – Trimble does notguarantee the accuracy ofany mapping data source. Itis your responsibility to double-check theprecision ofthe coordinates.

l The status ofWi-Fi® and Bluetooth® wireless technology during fight. By default, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are turned offduring flight.

l Preferred units for speed, distance, altitude, and area. 

## Network settings Use the settings in the Networkgroup to specify the proxy settings forthe Internet connection. Select the check boxto enable proxy settings forthe Internet connection and then enterthe settings to use. Ifyou changethese settings, you are prompted to restart the Aerial Imaging software.

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Note – You may need to configure the Internetproxysettings beforeyou can viewonline maps. Forthe correctsettings to use, consultyournetwork administrator. 

## External GNSS (Available only when using the Aerial ImagingTablet software.) Use the settings in the ExternalGNSS group to specify the communication interface on theTablet for an external GNSS USB dongle. 

## Privacy Select whetherto enable data tracking. At Trimble we believethat the data we track should only be used to help us provide you with the highest quality products, services, and support. Trimble Access Aerial Imaging gathers information on howyou use the software and on which platform it runs. It does not store any IP addresses, locations, or any other individually identifiable data. 

# Performing maintenance
To perform maintenance on the rover, camera, or launcher, click in the Home screen to view maintenance procedures. Alternatively, referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. The following maintenance procedures are available:

l Rover:

l Replacing the drive unit

l Replacing a servo
l Replacing a propeller blade

l Replacing the camera filter

l Replacing a winglet orwinglet screw
l Checking the pitot tube

l Adapting the payload bay for a Sony NEX-5 camera
l Adapting the payload bay for a Sony a5100 camera
l Camera

l Assembling the camera body& lens

l Disassembling the camera body& lens

l Adjusting the camera focus

l Checking the camera trigger events

l Launcher

l Replacing the launcher cord

l Replacing the wheels ofthe launcher dock

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l Communication (available in the Aerial ImagingTablet software only)

l Binding the modem & eBox

l Unbinding the modem & eBox Check the rover, camera, and launcher after each flight to ensurethe equipment is in good working order. For more information, see Preparing Equipment, page 48
. Perform any maintenance required using the procedures above. Ifyou note any issues not covered by these procedures, contact yourTrimble distributor. Note –Allprocedures apply exclusively to the Trimble UX5aerialimaging system. In addition, the Maintenance screen allows you to check the firmware version ofthe eBox, and if necessary updatethe firmware. This is only available in the Aerial ImagingTablet software. For more information, see Updating the firmware , page 11
. To exit the Maintenance screen and return to the Home screen, click in the title bar.

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# Planning a Project

n Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements n Creating a project n Preparing the project map n Defining the blocks n Obstacle clearances n Defining the flights n Exporting the project n Checking flight permissions and conditions This chapter describes howto plan a project.

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# 2 C H A P T E R2 Planning a Project 

# Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements There are many factors that can influencethe success ofa project. Good project planning is one of them. Acarefully planned project will ensurethat flights are executed safely and that the captured data can be processed successfully The quality ofa project’s deliverable is often linked to its accuracy, referring to the positional accuracy ofthe final output result. A project is processed based on geospatial coordinates, which are automatically acquired during the flight. The output result has a relative accuracy ofseveral times the GSD. The GSD (ground sample distance) specifies the distance on the ground represented by the pixel of a captured image. It depends on the camera sensor’s pixel size and lens focal length. The smaller the GSD value, the more detailed the images. The GSD and the height at which the UX5 flies are linked. The higherthe roverflies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight. Otherfactors that impact the final output result include ground control points (GCPs), image overlap, and camera settings. The absolute accuracy can be much improved by using ground control points (GCPs). Aground control point is an accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical featurethat can be identified on the ground. Use at least 5 GCPs, which are evenly spread overthe area ofinterest. The percentage ofimage overlap allows processing softwareto correct for errors in the position and orientation ofthe aerial images (a rover is a dynamic platform with position and orientation sensors that are not that precise). Trimble recommends having a forward and sideward overlap of80% which gives the most accurate results while minimizing flight and processing time. There are some cases where increasing the overlap may be beneficial. Examples are when flying over densetree canopy, bodies ofwater, or large areas ofsand or snow. These often have a shortage ofidentifiable features in the images that can be used as tie points forthe image adjustment. Image overlap also varies with changing terrain elevation and features. Use blocks at different heights to ensurethe same level ofoverlap for all areas ofinterest (see the images below). The image on the left does not take into account the terrain elevation, which results in a varying amount ofoverlap. The image on the right does take into account the terrain elevation, ensuring the same level ofoverlap for all areas ofinterest.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 212 Planning a Project

Due to the image perspective, occlusions or hidden areas in vertical objects may occur, causing undesired distortion effects. Trimble recommends a minimum flight height of120 m above vertical objects ofinterest, such as buildings or bridges, in orderto avoid distortion in the images. During image acquisition, the UX5 has an average speed of22 meters per second. Because ofthe forward motion ofthe camera, and depending on the flight height, the shutter speed should be set fast enough to avoid blur effects on the imagery. Therefore, whenever ambient light conditions allow, Trimble recommends not to exceed halfofthe ground sample distance in forward motion during exposure. 

# Creating a project To create a new project, do one ofthe following:

l In the Home screen, click and enterthe name ofthe new project in the pop-up field. The Map layers screen forthe new project appears.

l In the Projects screen, click and enterthe name ofthe new project in the pop-up field. The new project appears in the Projects list. Click to open the project. The Map layers screen appears. Note – Names ofprojects, blocks, andflights can contain thefollowing characters:A- Z, a- z, 0-9, dash (-), space ( ), and underscore (_).

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# Preparing the project map A project must have at least one geo-referenced background map. Objects within a geo-referenced map are associated with a unique geographical location. To preparethe project map, select the Map layers tab. The Map layers tab, with an example map, is shown below:

For more information, see:
l Adding a background map, page 23

l Adding information to the map, page 24

l Managing map layers, page 25 

## Adding a background map You can use an online map, an offline map, oryou can add your own geo-referenced map.
l To use an online map: a. Make sure you have Internet access. b. Click on the map and then enterthe location ofinterest. The map shows the area around the location using your preferred online map provider (see Changing the system settings, page 17). c. Zoom in or out, or pan until you viewthe preferred map area. Note – The online map is always available as a layerand cannotbe deleted. You can have only one online map layerperproject.

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l To use an offline map, click
. Use the toolbarthat appears on top ofthe map to select the satellite map or road map for download. An area of1680x 1050 pixels (maximum) centered on the middle ofthe map, including two zoom levels, is downloaded as an offline map. The smallest area you can download has zoom level 17, which corresponds to approximately 0.75 m per pixel (2.46ft per pixel)
. The largest area you can download has zoom level 10, which corresponds to approximately 95 m per pixel (0.06 miles per pixel)
. The offline map layer ensures you will be able to viewthe map background during the flight, if you do not have an Internet connection in the field. You can have multiple offline map layers in a project.

l To use your own map, add a GeoTifffile that you have prepared earlier using software such as Trimble Business Center software. The GeoTifffile must be georeferenced in the WGS84 UTM datum and be less than 120 MB in size. It must use no compression or only LWZ file compression. To generate a background map using theTrimble Business CenterAP module, create an orthomosaic, selecting "Low" resolution and "TIFF" forthe file format. To add the GeoTifffile in Aerial Imaging, click
. Navigateto the location ofthe file, select it, and then click Import
. The map shows the contents ofthe file you selected. You can have multiple GeoTiffmap layers in a project. 

## Adding information to the map You can add the following types ofinformation to the map:
l Avoidance zones
l Points, lines, polygons and text from a KMLfile

l Points, lines, and polygons from a SHP file

l Points and lines from a GPX file

l Ground control points (GCPs) from a CSVfile 

### Adding avoidance zones Add as many avoidance zones as required. To add an avoidance zone, click and then drawor import the shape ofthe avoidance zone. To drawthe shape ofthe avoidance zone: 1. Click
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map, allowing you to add a polygonal, rectangular, or ellipsoidal area. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then drawthe area:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point
. l For a rectangle or ellipse, click the mouse on the map. Astandard-sized shape appears. The location ofthe mouse click is the center ofthe shape. 2. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click
. The avoidance zone appears in the list to the right. 3. To clearthe shape, click
.

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To import the shape ofthe avoidance zone:

l From a KMLfile, click
. All polygons in the KMLfile appear as avoidance zones on the map and in the map layers list.

l From a SHP file, click
. All polygons in the SHP file appear as avoidance zones on the map and in the map layers list. To edit the avoidance zone, select the zone on the map or in the map layers list. Note – To disable editing ofan avoidancezone, select thezone and then click above the map layers list.

l To resize or reshapethe avoidance zone, click and movethe boundary points on the map.
l To reposition the avoidance zone, click and move it on the map.

l To rotatethe shape, click and hold the arrow on the zone and drag your mouse overthe map.
l To add a boundary point, click the edge ofthe shape.

l To delete a boundary point, click and drag the point to one ofthe other boundary points. Note – Itis notpossible to add orremove boundarypointsfora rectangularorellipsoidal zone. 

### Adding information from files Click to add the following types offiles as a map layer:

l KMLfiles containing points, lines, polygons, and text.

l SHP files containing points, lines, and polygons.

l GPX files containing points and lines.

l CSVfiles containing ground control points (GCPs). The format forthe CSVfile is: Identifier, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude. The coordinates must be in decimal degrees in the WGS84coordinate system and the altitude in meters. There should be no header. 

## Managing map layers The online map is the map's default layer. The online map is always the bottom layer and cannot be moved up. An offline or GeoTifflayer sits abovethe online map and belowany other layer, such as avoidance zone, KML, SHP, or GPX file layers. New layers always becomethe top layer. Layers at the top ofthe list appear as the top-most layers on the map. Click next to the layer's nameto move layers up and down the list.

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To changethe status ofa layer, select a layer in the list and then togglethe buttons abovethe list: Click... To make the layer... / Visible/ hidden / Unlocked / Locked (not editable)

This button is available only for avoidance zone layers. To remove a layerthat is no longer required, select the layer in the list and then click belowthe list. You cannot deletethe online map layer. To rename a layer, select the layer in the list and then click the layer's name. You can nowedit the name. The online map cannot be renamed. Click to toggle between the map viewand the satellite viewofthe online map. Use the and buttons to zoom in and zoom out ofthe map. Click to display the map grid lines. Use the button to zoom the map and all ofits layers to the best view. Ifyou are viewing the map on theTablet and it has a GPS connection, the button is available. If you pan around the map, click to centerthe map on the current GPS location. During flight, the button is available. Click to centerthe map on the current rover location. 

# Defining the blocks
A block is the area to be flown over at a specified ground sample distance (GSD) and image overlap. A project needs at least one block. To define blocks, select the Blocks tab. Note – You must validate in thefield any blocks you have defined in the office.

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The Blocks tab, for an example block, is shown below:



## Creating a block Add as many blocks as required. To add a block, click and then drawor import the shape ofthe block. To drawthe shape ofthe block: 1. Click
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map, allowing you to add a polygonal or rectangular area. Click the appropriate shape on the toolbar and then drawthe area:

l For a polygon, click the mouse at each boundary point
. l For a rectangle, click the mouse on the map. Astandard-sized shape appears. The location ofthe mouse click is the center ofthe shape. 2. To stop drawing and confirm the shape, click
. The block appears in the list to the right. 3. To clearthe shape, click
. To import the shape ofthe block:

l From a KMLfile, click
. All polygons in the KMLfile appear as blocks on the map and in the list.

l From a SHP file, click
. All polygons in the SHP file appear as blocks on the map and in the list. Note – The block area and the +/-200m (+/- 656ft)requiredforturns should notoverlap any avoidancezone on the map. Ifthe block area is orange, you mustmove the block outofthe avoidancezone.

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## Editing the block area To edit the block area, select it on the map or in the list. Note – To disable editing ofa block, select the block and then click above the map layers list. Tip – To hidethe flight lines, select the block and toggle / abovethe list.

l To resize or reshapethe block, click and movethe boundary points on the map.
l To reposition the block, click and move it on the map.

l To rotatethe shape, click and hold the arrow on the block and drag your mouse overthe map.
l To add a boundary point, click the edge ofthe shape.

l To delete a boundary point, click and drag the point to one ofthe other boundary points. Note – Itis notpossible to add orremove boundarypointsfora rectangularblock. 

## Setting the prevailing wind direction When you select a block, the flight lines that appear overthe block indicatethe direction the UX5 will fly overthe block. The rover should always fly perpendicularto the prevailing wind direction and all turns should be made into the wind. By default, the prevailing wind direction is a northerly wind. North is located at the top ofthe map. To updatethe prevailing wind direction to match the expected conditions in the field: 1. Tap the wind direction arrow in the top right corner ofthe map and drag it so that it indicates the direction ofthe wind at the site. The flight lines rotate accordingly. Note – To ensuresmooth turns and limited headwind and tailwind duringflight, itis important to correctly indicate theprevailing wind direction. However, it can be useful to disablethe control ofthe flight lines by wind direction, for example when the block is a narrow rectangle, in which case you should always put the flight lines along the longest side, independent ofthe wind direction. To manually manipulatethe flight lines, select the block and click abovethe list. The icon appears abovethe list and on the map. To manually adjust the direction ofthe flight lines, tap and drag the mouse overthe map. Alternatively, enterthe rotation angle ofthe flight lines in the field ofthe block properties. As a warning, the manual flight lines icon abovethe list turns red when the direction ofthe flight lines differs by less than 45 degrees from the wind direction. 2. Ifthe flight lines changeto red, this indicates that one or more flight lines (including the additional +/- 200 m (+/- 656ft) required forturns) overlap an avoidance zone. Edit the block to movethe flight lines out ofthe avoidance zone.

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## Editing block properties To edit the block properties, click next to the block name in the list and then do the following: Note – Itis notpossible to change the blockproperties when a block is locked. a. Select the type ofaerial imaging roveryou will use to fly the block. Note – This userguide is specificallyforuse with the UX5aerialimaging rover. To use a differentrover, referto the appropriate userguide. b. Select the type ofsensoryou will use to map the block. c. Set the ground sample distance (GSD) or height
. The default value is the GSD value obtained by flying at a height of100 m (328ft)
. For more information, see GSD and height, page 30
. d. Enterthe image forward and side overlap values. The default value is 80%. For more information, see Image forward and side overlap, page 31
. e. To use a left turn or a right turn to enterthe block during flight, click or . This setting also defines the first waypoint that the UX5 will fly to. The block properties also showthe estimated flight time and the size ofthe block area. 

## Splitting a block The software estimates the total flight time needed to coverthe block. The estimated flight time does not includethe timeto get to and from the takeoffand landing locations. Ifthe estimated flight duration exceeds the maximum flight time, a warning indication appears next to the block name in the list. Ifthe warning appears then you must split the block: 1. Select the block and then click
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map that allows you to split the block. 2. Click
. By default the block is divided through the center ofthe rectangular boundary box surrounding the block area, perpendicularto the wind direction. 3. To changethe cut, manipulatethe boundary points ofthe dividing line. 4. Click to confirm splitting the block. The original block is divided in two and both blocks appear in the list. Note –Splitting blocks can cause existing blocks to be renumbered. 5. Repeat the steps above as needed until the estimated flight duration is less than the maximum flight time, also taking into account the takeoffand landing time. 6. To undo a split, select one ofthe blocks that you want to combine and click in the toolbar. Then select the other block to merge. You can only merge adjacent blocks. Click to confirm the merge. The properties ofthe first selected block are used forthe merged block.

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## Managing blocks Select a block in the list and togglethe buttons abovethe list to changethe attributes ofthe block: Icon shown... Sets the... / / Block and flight lines to visible/ only the block is visible/ the block and flight

lines are hidden / Block to editable/ locked (not editable) / Flight lines to followthe wind direction / to be manually manipulated / Color ofthe flight lines to light/ dark Click next to the block to move blocks up and down the list. Blocks at the top ofthe list appear as the top-most blocks on the map. To copy a block, select the block in the list or on the map and then click belowthe list. Copying a block is useful ifyou need to scan the same area using different GSD and overlap values. To remove a block that is no longer required, select the block and then click
. To rename a block, select the block in the list and then click on the block's name. You can nowedit the name. A block can havethe following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l Successfully mapped, log files downloaded and settings frozen

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen

l Flown and waiting for post-flight checklist to be completed to determine ifthe block was successfully mapped. Settings are frozen. Note – Blocks with thestatus icon , or cannotbe renamed, changed, orremoved. However, you can copy the block and then edit the copy. 

## GSD and height The GSD (ground sample distance) field specifies the distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The default resolution forthe UX5 aerial imaging solution is 2.6 cm (1.0 ") when using the Sony a5100 sensor and 3.2 cm (1.3 ") when using the Sony NEX-5 sensor. The smallerthe value in the GSDfield, the more detailed the images. You should always specify a value equal to or smallerthan the resolution required in the final orthophotos, afterthe images are processed. Ifthe value in the GSDfield is largerthan the final resolution required, then the images acquired during the flight will not be detailed enough and the image processing software will need to interpolate additional pixels. This will result in images that do not havethe expected resolution.

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The GSDfield and the height at which the UX5 flies are linked. The higherthe roverflies, the larger the distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight. Height GSD (Sony a5100) GSD (Sony NEX-5) Minimum: 75 m (246ft) 2.0 cm (0.8 ") 2.4 cm (0.9 ") 100 m (328ft) 2.6 cm (1.0 ") 3.2 cm (1.3 ") 150 m (492 ft) 3.9 cm (1.5 ") 4.8 cm (1.9 ") Maximum: 750 m (2460ft) 19.6 cm (7.7 ") 23.9 cm (9.4 ") Note – The minimum and maximum heights given here are the limitsforthesystem. Check the minimum and maximum heightsforyourprojectsite with yourlocalCivilAviation Authorities (CAA) to ensure thesystem limits are within yourlocalCAA limits. Ifthey are not, you mustfly within yourlocalCAA minimum and maximum height. 

## Image forward and side overlap The default value ofthe overlap between images is 80%. Image overlap can range from 40%to 90%. Note – Trimble does notrecommend using an overlap ofless than 80%, as itmayprevent (large) parts ofthe datasetbeing adjustable in the Trimble Business Centersoftware due to the lack oftie points, especially where theflightheight was loworwhere the area contains trees orothertall objects, orareas thatlack texture. By default the forward and side overlap values are linked, so that when one value changes, the othervalue changes accordingly. To "break" the link so that the overlap values can be set independently, click
. To re-establish the link, click
. A higher overlap results in:

l better accuracy
l a higher density offlight lines on the area
l a higher number ofimages to process
l longer processing times for images

l longerflight duration forthe same area Select the overlap value forthe block based on the accuracy, flight duration, and the number of images you require. 

# Obstacle clearances When defining a flight, you must ensurethat block area at the flight height and the selected takeoff and landing locations are clear ofobstacles. Obstacle clearances for each stage ofthe flight are shown below. When you arrive at the site, visually check the takeoffand landing locations to ensurethat the selected locations are free ofobstacles.

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## Obstacle clearances for takeoff From 0 m (takeoff location) to 50 m: Within the first 50 m (164ft), there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 30° to the left and right ofthe launch direction. From 50 m to 280 m: From the first 50 m (164ft) and within 280 m (919ft), obstacles must not appear abovethe safety line determined by a 15° safety angle and within 25 m (82 ft) to the left and right ofthe launch direction.



## Obstacle clearances for cruise flight During cruise flight, no obstacles must appear between the cruise flight height and 25 m (82 ft) below it:

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## Obstacle clearances for descent When entering the landing orbit, no obstacles must appearwith a 300 m (984ft) radius ofthe center ofthe orbit. Oncethe UX5 has descended 25 m from the cruise flight height, the required obstacle-free area has a radius of150 m (462 ft)
.



## Obstacle clearances for landing Once you confirm the landing, the UX5 starts the final leg ofthe landing. Along the final leg ofthe landing, there must be a clear area free ofobstacles within 15 m to the left and right ofthe landing direction.

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In the final leg ofthe landing, no obstacles must appear in the yellowzone shown in the vertical cross section ofthe landing. In addition, the landing location must be free ofobstacles and meet the minimum size indicated:

l Linear landing

l Curved landing

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During the final leg ofthe landing it is possibleto click the Abort button (see Handling emergencies during flight, page 89). To successfully abort the flight, extra clearances should be taken into account:

l Linear landing abort clearance

l Curved landing abort clearance

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# Defining the flights
To define flights, select the Flights tab. Note – You must validate in thefield anyflights you have defined in the office. The Flights tab, with three example flights, is shown below:

Aflight can cover morethan one block, and blocks can be linked to morethan one flight. Depending on the number and size ofthe blocks you have defined in the Blocks tab, you may need several flights to cover all the blocks. To add a flight, click
. A newentry appears in the list. Aflight can havethe following status:

l No icon: Not flown

l Flown and settings frozen

l Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen Note – Flights with thestatus icon or cannotbe renamed, changed, orremoved. However, you can copy theflightand then edit the copy. To copy a flight, select the flight in the list and then click belowthe list. Copying a flight is useful if you want to repeat a flight. To remove a flight that is no longer required, select the flight and then click belowthe list. Note – This removes theflightdata stored on the Tabletforthisflight. To rename a flight, select the flight in the list and then click the flight name. You can nowedit the name.

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To define a flight, select the flight in the Flights tab and then work through each section belowthe flight name.

For more information, see:
l Setting the takeoffparameters, page 37

l Setting the landing properties, page 38

l Adding blocks to the flight, page 40

l Managing flight settings, page 41

l Simulating the flight, page 42 

## Setting the takeoff parameters 1. To set the takeoffparameters, in the Flighttab click besidethe flight and then click beside Takeoff

. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map. 2. To set the takeofflocation, do one ofthe following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop orTablet software, click and then click on the map to set the location. The takeoffpin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoffheading and shows the "Planned and not active" status icon
. You can add as many takeofflocations as you want. Click to confirm the added locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial ImagingTablet software, physically go to the takeofflocation and then click
. Ifthe location you want to fix lies within 10 m ofa

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 372 Planning a Project

planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to the map. The takeoffpin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the takeoff heading and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon
. You can fixas many takeofflocations as you want.

l Click the takeoffpin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Takeoffproperties to select any defined location. The takeoffpin status changes to "Planned and active" or "Fixed and active"
. Note – Each takeofflocation comes with defaultparameters (forexample, the heading is setinto the wind direction). Ifyou change the heading, the takeofflocation is updated accordingly. Ifyou use this location in anotherflight, the heading is set to the value of the latestchange in allflights where the location is used. 3. To set the takeoffheading, click the arrow next to the takeoffpin and rotateto changethe takeoffdirection and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for takeoff, page 32
. By default, the takeoffheading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. Alternatively, enterthe heading forthe selected pin in the field. The takeoffheading icon turns red when the takeoffdirection differs by less than 135 degrees from the wind direction. Note –Always try to takeoffinto the wind. Thisprevents a higherlaunch speed and a higher risk oflaunchfailures. 4. When the flight has a block linked to it, the takeoffroute is displayed. To edit the takeoffroute, click and drag the waypoints on the map. Tip – To use a left turn or a right turn to enterthe block, click or in the block properties in the Blocks tab. This setting also defines the first waypoint that the UX5 will fly to. The takeoff route is updated to match the type ofturn selected. 5. To delete a takeofflocation, click in the toolbar on top ofthe map and then from the map select the takeoffpin that you want to remove. Click to confirm the deleted location. Repeat this step to delete as many takeofflocations as required. 

## Setting the landing properties For additional safety, the Aerial Imaging software enables you to changethe landing parameters during flight. For more information, see Changing the landing parameters during flight, page 85
. This can be useful if:

l The preferred landing location is unavailable due to a sudden obstacle in the landing clearance zone.
l The wind direction changes during the flight and the alternative landing location is better suited to the newconditions. To set alternative landing parameters, first use the steps belowforthe preferred landing location and then repeat the steps forthe alternate landing location.

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To set landing properties: 1. In the Flighttab click besidethe flight and then click beside Landing
. Atoolbar appears on top ofthe map. 2. To set the landing location, do one ofthe following:

l To add a new location without GPS: In the Aerial Imaging Desktop orTablet software, click and then click on the map to set the location. The landing pin appears on the map with an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Planned and not active" status icon
. You can add as many landing locations as you want. Click to confirm the added locations.

l To add a new location using GPS: In the Aerial ImagingTablet software, physically go to the landing location and then click
. Ifthe location you want to fix lies within 10 m ofa planned pin, the planned pin is fixed. Otherwise, a new pin with the fixed status is added to the map. A landing pin with fixed status has an arrow indicating the landing heading and shows the "Fixed and not active" status icon
. You can fixas many landing locations as you want.

l Click the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select any defined location. The landing pin status changes to "Planned and active" or "Fixed and active"
. Note – Each landing location comes with defaultparameters (forexample, the heading is setinto the wind direction). Ifyou change the heading, the landing location is updated accordingly. Ifyou use this location in anotherflight, the heading is set to the value of the latestchange in allflights where the location is used. 3. To set the landing heading, tap the arrow next to the landing pin and rotateto changethe landing direction and avoid any obstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 33
. Alternatively, enterthe heading forthe selected pin in the field. By default, the landing heading is set into the wind direction set in the Blocks tab. To help you definethe landing heading in the field, zoom in on the map to the most detailed zoom level and then walk into the heading with the GCS for about 20to 30 meters. You will see the GCS location move on the screen. Now rotatethe arrowand position the final leg ofthe landing circuit overthe center ofthe GCS icon on the map. The landing heading icon turns red when the landing direction differs by less than 135 degrees from the wind direction. Note –Always try to land into the wind. This reduces the landing speed and reduces the risk ofdamage to the UX5. 4. Set the landing zone offset
. Valid values are from
-25 m to +25 m (-82 ft to +82ft)
. A negative value means that the landing location is lowerthan the takeofflocation. The default value is 0 m, which means that the takeoffand landing locations are at the same height.

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5. Set the landing typeto a linear or curved landing, depending on the landing surface and available clearances.

l The linear landing type requires less clearance and lands the UX5 on the ground more quickly, but has a larger impact on the aircraft.

l The curved landing type requires larger clearances but reduces the impact on the aircraft when it lands, and is especially suited for hard landing surfaces. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 33
. 6. When the flight has a block linked to it, the landing route is displayed: a. Set the landing entry to use a left or right turn, depending on which turning direction provides bettervisibility and is furthest away from any obstacles (see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 33). b. To edit the landing route, click and drag the waypoints on the map. 7. To delete a landing location, click in the toolbar on top ofthe map and then from the map select the landing pin that you want to remove. Click to confirm the deleted location. Repeat this step to delete as many landing locations as required. 

## Adding blocks to the flight 1. To add blocks, in the Flighttab click besidethe flight and then click tab click besideAdd blocks
. All blocks defined in the project are listed and are shown in the map. Only blocks that ifadded will keep the flight time less than the maximum can be selected. For each block the status is indicated on the map:
l No icon: Not scheduled

l Scheduled

l Successfully mapped, log files downloaded and settings frozen

l Flown and waiting for post-flight checklist to be completed to determine ifthe block was successfully mapped. Settings are frozen. 2. From the map orthe list, select one or more blocks to link to the flight. Note – The orderthatyou select the blocksfrom the listdefines thesequence that the blocks areflown, i.e. thefirstblockselected isflownfirst, andso on. The selected blocks are highlighted, and the flight lines and connection routes appear on the map. 3. Click to confirm the selection. The selected blocks appear in the list to the right between Takeoffand Landing, togetherwith the default connection types. Note –A block can be linked to more than oneflight. To remove blocksfrom aflight, deselect the block in the listorthe map.

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## Managing flight settings Flight route Ifa flight will cover morethan one block, the software automatically connects the last waypoint of one block with the first waypoint ofthe next block. By default the connection is a straight line and is displayed between the blocks in the flight properties in the Flights tab. To changethe connection type between blocks, click to the right ofthe connection type list entry and then: Click... For the UX5 to... Fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. Ifit did not yet reach the height ofthis waypoint, it orbits up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height. Orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height ofthe following block and then fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. This works ifthe height of the next block is higherthan the previous block. Fly to the following block keeping the same height ofthe last waypoint ofthe previous block and then orbit up in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint of the block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is higherthan the previous block. Fly to the following block keeping the same height ofthe last waypoint ofthe previous block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is the same as the height ofthe previous block. Fly straight to the first waypoint ofthe following block. Ifit did not yet reach the height ofthis waypoint, it orbits down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height. Fly to the following block keeping the same height ofthe last waypoint ofthe previous block and then orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the first waypoint ofthat block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is lowerthan the previous block. Orbit down in 200 m diameter circles until it reaches the height ofthe next block and then fly straight to the first waypoint ofthat block. This works ifthe height ofthe next block is lowerthan the previous block. Note – The connection type cannotbe changed ifsequentialblocks have thesame height. To edit the line between blocks, click and drag the waypoints on the map.

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### Communication timeout To set the communication timeout, in the Flighttab click besidethe flight and then click besideSettings
. Enter a value in the communication timeout field between 20 seconds and 1800 seconds (30 minutes). The default value is 120 seconds (2 minutes). Note – The countryyou are operating in may have regulationsprescribing the minimum communication timeoutsetting thatyou must use. Makesureyou are aware ofthese and that you use the regulated minimum settingforyourlocation. 

### Changingthe orderthat the blocks are flown To changethe sequencethat blocks are flown, in the Flighttab click besidethe flight and then click next to the block to movethe block up or down. 

### Viewingthe flight contour To viewthe flight contour, select the flight in the list and click
. An area appears on the map that indicates wherethe roverwill fly, including a margin. This contour can be used to check obstacle clearances. Note – Theflightcontouris an estimate and does not take into accountenvironmentalfactors, such as wind, thatcouldseverely influence the actualflightpath, orany manually initiated emergencypatterns and automaticfailsafes. 

## Simulating the flight After creating a flight, click to simulatethe flight to check the following items:

l The UX5 uses the correct takeoffdirection.

l The flight height, route, and turns used are all correct.

l The UX5 does not enter any avoidance zones.
l The UX5 uses the correct landing circuit. Note – Be aware that thesimulation is an estimate oftheflightpath. This is because the simulation cannot take into accountenvironmentalfactors, such as wind, during the actualflight. Tip – The button is not available until you have exited the flight properties. To do this, click the arrowto collapsethe flight. 

## Exporting flight information You can export the simulated flight trajectory, orthe flight overviewthat you see at the beginning ofthe flight checklist.

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### Exportingthe simulated flight trajectory 1. In the Flights screen, select the flight. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the output format:

l KML, Keyhole Markup Languageto viewthe flight path.

l GPX, GPS Exchange Formatto viewthe flight path and waypoints. Both outputs can be viewed in software such as in Google Earth and can help you, for example, to verify the obstacle clearances forthe flight. 4. Click
. 5. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe flight simulation, enterthe file name and then click Export
. The simulated flight trajectory is exported to the selected folder. 6. Click to closethe Exportwizard. 

### Exportingthe flight overview 1. In the Flights screen, select the flight. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the output format:

l PDF, Portable DocumentFormat
. l TXT, TextFile Format
. 4. Click
. 5. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe flight overview, enterthe file name and then click Export
. The flight overview is exported to the selected folder. 6. Click to closethe Exportwizard. 

# Exporting the project Note – This step is required ifyou did theprojectplanning in theAerialImaging Desktop software. You mustcomplete this step so thatyou can import theprojectinto theAerialImaging software on the Tablet. 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the GWToutput format. Click
. 4. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe project, enterthe file name and then click Export
. The exported project is saved as a GWTfile in the folderyou selected.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 432 Planning a Project

5. Click to closethe Exportwizard. 6. Ifthe folderyou exported the project to is not a network folderthat theTablet can access, transferthe exported project to a USB stick and then transfer it to theTablet. 7. To import the project to the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet, see Importing the project, page 69
. 

# Checking flight permissions and conditions
In the days beforethe flight, completethe following checks to make surethe flight can proceed. Note – The use ofunmanned aircraftin any nationalairspacesystem is regulated by the applicable NationalAviation Authority. The regulationsforflying unmanned aircraftaresubject to change, sometimes without warning. Itis the user’s responsibility to knowand adhere to the currentlawsforoperating in the nationalairspacesystem. Trimble is notobliged to inform users ofchanges to unmanned aircraftlaws. Trimble andAuthorized Distribution Partnersprovide comprehensive trainingforthe unmanned aircraftsystem which includes recommendedprocedures to ensure thesafetyforthe remote crew members as wellas thesurrounding environment. Itis the user’s responsibility to ensuresafe operations and adhere to safety andsecurity measures required by the NationalAviation Authority. Trimble is notresponsibleforensuring safe andsecure operation ofunmanned aircraft by the user. 

## Checking flight permission

l Check ifyou need a permit to operate an unmanned aircraft in the airspace abovethe site.

l Make sure you understand the legal context for safe operation ofan unmanned aircraft.

l Check for existing rules and standards with your local Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA).

l Make sure you have permission from the landowner.

l Make sure you have all other relevant permissions required for photography flights using unmanned aircraft. In some countries you need permission from defense organizations, the police, or a national geography instituteto take pictures. 

## Checking weather

l In the days beforethe flight, check theTVweather broadcast orweatherwebsites. This gives you a good general idea ofthe weatherforthe next threeto four days.

l For more accurate weatherforecasts, consult and interpret aviation weather data through various weatherwebsites. You can also contact the national meteorological office or a local meteorology office at an airport nearby.

l On the day ofthe flight, consult theTerminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and METAR reports. These are meteorological reports used in aviation.

l Make surethe weather conditions are within the operating limitations. See Operation limitations, page 45
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 442 Planning a Project

The table belowshows the wind speed expressed in different units:



### Operation limitations The UX5 cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable range for different conditions. Note – Yourcountry ofoperation may have differentoradditionaloperationalrequirements. Makesureyou arefamiliarwith the appropriate regulationsforthe countryyou are operating in. Ifyou areflying in the UnitedStates see also FAA conditions and limitations ofoperation, page 131
. CAUTION – If any condition does not meetthe acceptable range stated, the operator should abortthe flight. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Trimble does not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits. Condition Acceptable range Time Between sunrise and sunset Distance from clouds Clear ofclouds and always within line ofsight Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400ft) Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy showers Head wind (for cruise flight) Maximum 65 kph (40 mph)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 452 Planning a Project

Condition Acceptable range Cross wind:

l Fortakeoff/landing Maximum 30 kph (19 mph)

l For cruise flight Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Gusts (for cruise flight) Maximum 15 kph (9 mph) Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times Temperature:

l Rover, including eBox

-20°C to +45°C (-4°F to 113°F)

l Camera* 0°C to +30°C (32°F to 86°F)

l Battery* 0°C to +30°C (32°F to 86°F)

l Launcher* +10°C to 45°C (50°F to 113°F)
* Pre-flight conditioned temperature 

## Checking the site Note – When checking thesiteyou should referto the relevantAIP and NOTAM documentsfor yourregion.

l Identify the airspace and geographic environment ofthe site.

l Check the relevant aviation charts and make surethe flight area is not near any ofthe following areas:
l Forbidden airspace

l Airports, airfields (except with prior permission)

l Power plants (except with prior permission)

l Check the relevant aviation charts and take special care around:

l Parachute and parasailingjumping areas
l Winch areas
l High-pressure gas-releasing units (documented in AIPs or NOTAMs)

l Congested areas (for example, towns)

l Check ifthere are other aerial orground activities planned, for example major public events. 

## Checking the operator

l Make surethe operator is certified to operatethe UX5.

l Check ifthe operator needs any additional permits, such as a remote operator license, a radio certificate for use ofthe 2-way radio for communication with airtraffic control, and so on.
l Be awarethat the operator has final responsibility forthe operation ofthe UX5 and its components.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 462 Planning a Project

l Make surethe operator is in good condition, both physical and mental.

l Keep log files ofthe operator hours and equipment used for each flight. 

## Know your safe operating envelope

l Trimble recommends having a crewoftwo peoplethat will control the UX5: the operator and the observer. They must be able to communicate at all times. Check your CAA regulations to see ifa two-person crew is mandatory.

l Make surethe crew understands the purpose and the phases ofthis particular project.

l Make surethe crew understands all aspects ofsafe operation ofthe UX5. This includes:

l Understanding all safety precautions described in the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Rover Safety Guide
. l Understanding howto handle emergencies during flight. See Handling emergencies during flight, page 89
. l Understanding the particular requirements ofthe project and site, including avoidance zones. See Designing a flight plan to meet the project requirements, page 21
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 47

# Preparing Equipment

n Flight case contents n Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover n Inserting the eBox n Checking the launcher n Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover n Charging the UX5 batteries n Charging theTablet batteries n Charging the camera batteries n Checking the camera n Inserting the camera n Pairing the transmitterwith the tracking receiver n Locating your equipment As part ofyourflight preparation, make sure all equipment is in good condition and well-prepared.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 48 

# 3 C H A P T E R3 Preparing Equipment 

# Flight case contents When you receive your system components, unpack them and storethem in the dedicated cavities in the flight case. Check offthe components against the illustration belowto ensurethat you have all ofthe components you need for a successful flight:

❶ Tablet, Tablet charger, modem and RF antenna, download cable ❼ UX5 battery charger and charge cable ❷ Extra parts such as winglets, propellers ❽ Spare camera battery and camera battery charger ❸ Power strip and power cable ❾ Lens cleaning paper ❹ UX5 body, with camera, eBoxand top cover ❿ Pre-moistened lens cloth ❺ UX5 battery ⓫ Pitot cover, tools and optional spare parts ❻ Trackertransmitter and receiver

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 493 Preparing Equipment

Note –
l Some components aresmallparts thatare easily lost. To avoid this, as soon as you unpack them:

l Insert the camera battery andSD card into the camera.
l Attach the GPS and RFantennas to the eBox. See Inserting the eBox, page51
. l According to ICAO/IATA regulations, Lithium polymerbatteries mustbe carried in hand luggage when transporting thesystem by air.

l Thefollowing parts ofthe Trimble UX5aerialimaging system are considered dual-use: the eBox, Trimble Tabletand launcher. Dual-use goods areproducts and technologies normally usedforcivilian purposes but which may have military applications. UnderEUregulations, controlled items may notleave the EUcustoms territory withoutan exportauthorization. Additionalrestrictions are also in place concerning theprovision ofbrokering services with regard to dual-use items and concerning the transitofsuch items through the EU. Thesame is true when exporting goodsfrom any country outside the EUto any othercountry outside the EU. 

# Parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover The main parts ofthe UX5 aerial imaging rover are shown below. 

## Top view

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❶ Aircraft body ❻ eBox ❿ Download cable connector ❷ Leading edge ❼ Pitot tube ⓫ Elevon servos ❸ Payload bay ❽ GPS antenna ⓬ Inboard elevon ❹ Battery ❾ Mode button ⓭ Outboard elevon ❺ Camera 

## Bottom view

❶ Camera lens hole ❸ Motor ❺ Propeller ❷ Launcher slat ❹ Propeller nut ❻ Winglet 

# Inserting the eBox The eBox is are stored in the flight case. WARNING– Always disconnectthe battery from the aircraft before inserting or removing the eBox from the UX5 body. Ifthe battery is still connected, you risk damaging the electronics. For information on disconnecting the battery, see Removing the battery from the rover, page 57
. 1. Unpack the UX5 body, the eBox, GPS antenna, and RF antenna. 2. Attach the RF antenna to the underside ofthe eBox.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 513 Preparing Equipment

3. Attach the GPS antenna to the top ofthe eBox.

4. Insert the eBox into the eBoxcavity ofthe UX5 body, sliding the bottom end into the cavity and then pressing down so that the power and signal connector on the rear plugs into the connector in the UX5 body.

5. Insert the screw into the hole ofthe eBoxand screwthe eBox into place using a T10Torx screwdriver. The top cover ofthe eBoxshould be flush with the UX5 body.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 523 Preparing Equipment 

# Checking the launcher
1. Make surethe launch slider is in good condition, and the launch dock moves freely along the slider. Ifthe slider is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. Check the launcher cord is not worn, and make surethere is enough elastic in the cord when it is stretched tight. Ifthe cord must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcherin the list to the right and then select Replacing the launchercord or referto the Trimble UX5 AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. 3. Make surethe launch dock is in good condition. Ifit is damaged, contact yourTrimble distributor. 4. Make surethe launch dock wheels are in good condition and move freely. Ifthey are worn and must be replaced, click in the Home screen, select Launcherin the list to the right and then select Replacing the wheels ofthe launcherdock or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. 

# Checking the UX5 aerial imaging rover Thoroughly check the UX5 before each flight to make surethat it is undamaged from any previous flight. Referto the following sections:

l Check the body, page 53

l Check the pitot tube, page 54

l Check the winglets, page 54

l Check the propellers, page 55

l Check the drive unit, page 55

l Check the servos, page 55 

## Check the body The body ofthe UX5 must be clean forflight. Dirt and gravel on the body decreases the lift and increases the drag during flight. 1. Clean the body with a damp cloth. CAUTION – Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body ofthe rover. This can damage the surface ofthe UX5 and affectthe aerodynamics ofthe aircraft. Avoid the use of solvents to clean the surface ofthe UX5 as they can negatively affectthe materials. Always use lukewarm water and a soft brush. 2. Check the body for cracks. Ifthe body requires repair, contact yourTrimble distributor. 3. Make surethere are no scratches on the camera filter. Ifthe camera filter is damaged, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5and then select Replacing the camerafilteror referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. 4. Make surethat the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it,

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 533 Preparing Equipment

taking care not to over-tighten it. 5. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera filter. Make surethere are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Only use wipes thatarespecifically intendedforcleaning camera lenses. 

## Check the pitot tube The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used to measurethe total air pressure during flight. 1. Removethe pitot tube from the eBox.

2. Make surethe tube is not bent or broken. 3. Blow into the tubeto make sure nothing is blocking it. CAUTION – Only blow into the pitottube after you have removed itfrom the eBox. Do not blow into the pitottube when it is connected to the eBox because this will damage the barometric sensors. 4. Ifthe pitot tube is blocked or damaged, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5and then select Checking thepitot tube or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the winglets To prevent roll stability issues, the winglets must be firmly attached to the UX5 body. 1. Make surethe winglets are intact. 2. Make sure each winglet is firmly attached with two screws. 3. Ifthe winglets are damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5and then select Replacing a wingletor referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 543 Preparing Equipment 

## Check the propellers 1. Make surethe propeller blades are intact. 2. Make surethe propeller blades are well-positioned. 3. Make sure each propeller blade is firmly attached. 4. Ifa propeller blade is damaged or not well-positioned, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5and then select Replacing a propellerblade or referto the Trimble UX5Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the drive unit Make surethe drive unit is:

l intact

l firmly attached Ifthe drive unit is damaged or not firmly attached, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5 and then select Replacing the drive unitor referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Check the servos The servos must be in perfect condition as they steerthe UAS. When checking the servos, make surethat the servos:
l respond as expected

l are intact

l are firmly attached and flush with the surface ofthe wing Ifa servo is damaged, click in the Home screen, select Rover/ UX5and then select Replacing a servo or referto the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

# Charging the UX5 batteries Carefully read this section to familiarize yourselfwith charging and storing UX5 batteries. Note – Before using the chargerforthefirst time, make sure you arefamiliar with all battery safetyprecautions

, including emergency actions, safe battery disposaland transportation requirements. See UX5batterysafety, page 122
. In this section:

l Charger overview, page 56

l Removing the battery from the rover, page 57

l Connecting the charger, page 57

l Charging the battery, page 59

l Storing the battery, page 59

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 553 Preparing Equipment

l Disconnecting the battery, page 60

l Inserting the battery into the rover, page 60 

## Charger overview

❶ Car battery power cable ❺ Cooling fins ❷ Power connector ❻ Charge output - ❸ Display ❼ Charge output + ❹ Operating keys ❽ Balance connector 

### Keys Key Function PROG/MODE l Toggle between the different charge programs. To changethe program, press

and hold fortwo seconds. The following charge programs are available:

l LiPo/LiIo/LiFe manual

l Pb manual

l NiCd automatic

l NiMH automatic

l Toggle between screens within a charge program.
l Stop the charging. DEC/INC Changethe setting values. The following settings can be changed:
l Lithium type
l Voltage per cell

l Charge current
l Battery capacity ENTER/START l Select a setting. The setting blinks when it is selected.

l Start the selected charging mode. Press and hold fortwo seconds to start charging.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 563 Preparing Equipment 

## Removing the battery from the rover 1. Removethe top coverfrom the UX5 body. 2. Disconnect the main power connector ofthe battery from the aircraft.

3. Loosen the Velcro straps and removethe battery from the battery compartment ofthe UX5. 

## Connecting the charger WARNING– Lithium polymerbatteries are volatile
. Failure to read and followthese instructions may result in fire, personal injury, and damage to property if charged or used incorrectly. To prevent injury or damage:

– Use only the charger specified to charge the battery.

– Use the charger to charge only UX5 batteries.

– Always check thatthe settings on the charger are correct before charging the battery. Incorrect charger settings may result in damage to the battery, severe burning and fire hazards.

– Always remove the battery from the rover body for charging or storing. WARNING– Never leave the charger unattended during use. Failure to observe and operate the charger properly can cause damage to the charger, battery, personal property and/or cause serious personal injury. WARNING– The maximum charging currentfor the UX5 battery is limited to 5 A. This value must be lower than the maximum permissible current (6 A) for the battery. Incorrect battery charging parameters can destroy your battery and cause itto catch fire or explode.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 573 Preparing Equipment

1. Ifthe battery is fitted in the rover, removethe battery from the rover body. 2. Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus chargerto one ofthe following:

l 11–15 V DC (vehicle battery)

l 100–240VAC (power supply) The charger powers on and displays the charge parameters. 3. Make surethe charger settings are correct. The parameters should be:

l LiPo manual

l C:5.0A6000mAh Press the Prog/Mode key to check the voltage per cell. When:

l Charging the battery for a flight, the voltage should be 4.20V/C

l Preparing the battery for storage, the voltage should be 3.90V/C Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen. Ifthe settings shown are not correct, changethem using the steps below. If the charge program is incorrect: a. Press and hold the Prog/Mode key fortwo seconds to navigatethrough the charge modes. Repeat this action until the charger screen shows "LiPo/LiIo/LiFe manual". b. Press the Prog/Mode key and then press the DEC or INC key until the type is set to "LiPo". c. Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen. To change the voltage per cell: a. Press the Prog/Mode key to select the voltage per cell setting. The entry "X.XXV/C" blinks. Press the DECor INCkey to changethe value until it is set to "4.20V/C" for charging or "3.90V/C" for storing. b. Press the Prog/Mode key to return to the main screen. To change the charge current: Press the Enter/Start key to select the charge current setting. The entry “C:x.xA” blinks. Press the DECor INCkey to changethe value until it shows "C:5.0A". To change the battery capacity: Press the Enter/Start key to select the battery capacity setting. The entry “xxxxmAh” blinks. Press the DECor INCkey to changethe value until it shows "6000mAh". 4. Connect the battery to the charger: a. Connect the charge cableto the charger. Note – The charge cable to use depends on the roverbattery type. Makesureyou select the correctcharge cableforthe battery. b. Connect the balance connector ofthe battery to the charger. Align the connectorto the right ofthe socket.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 583 Preparing Equipment

c. Connect the charge cable ofthe chargerto the charge connector on the battery.



## Charging the battery On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key fortwo seconds. The battery starts charging. If an error occurs, a messge is displayed. For more information, see Battery charger errors, page 107
. To interrupt the charging process, press the Enter/Start key. The charger returns to the main screen and displays the charge program. To resume charging, press the Enter/Start key fortwo seconds. When the battery is fully charged, the charger produces an audible signal and stops charging automatically. The charger displays "END". At typical room temperature it takes approximately 2 hours to charge a fully depleted battery. Charging time will vary depending on remaining battery life and ambient temperature. 

## Storing the battery WARNING– LiPo batteries should never be stored atfull charge for more than a few hours. Note – The chargercan only charge a battery; itcannotdischarge a battery. On the charger, press and hold the Enter/Start key fortwo seconds. The battery starts charging to the voltage level for safe and healthy storage. 

### Battery storage recommendations Storethe UX5 HP batteries in a cool, dry area (below30°C/86°F) that is subject to little temperature change. Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life. Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor exposeto direct sunlight for long periods. Do not store batteries above 60°C (140°F) or below
-20°C (-4°F)
. Battery exposureto temperatures in excess of130°C (266°F) will result in the battery venting flammable liquid and gases. Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well ventilated, sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 593 Preparing Equipment 

## Disconnecting the battery 1. On the charger, press the Enter/Start key to put the charger in standby mode. 2. Disconnect the charge cable ofthe chargerfrom the charge connector on the battery. 3. Disconnect the balancer connector ofthe battery from the charger. 

## Inserting the battery into the rover 1. Insert the battery into the battery compartment ofthe UX5 body and then tighten the Velcro straps around it. 2. Connect the main power connector ofthe battery to the aircraft.

3. Fit the top coverto the UX5 body. 

# Charging the Tablet batteries Chargethe batteries according to the instructions provided in the documentation foryourTablet. Note – Makesureyoufully charge the Tabletbatteries before leaving the officeforaflight. 

# Charging the camera batteries Install the camera battery and chargethe batteries according to the instructions provided in the user documentation forthe camera. Note – Makesureyou charge both camera batteries before leaving the officeforaflight. Trimble recommends always having a spare,fully-charged battery on hand.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 603 Preparing Equipment 

# Checking the camera 1. Make surethere are no scratches on the camera lens. Ifthe camera lens is damaged, referto the maintenance procedures forthe camera in the Maintenance screen or in the Trimble UX5 AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. When in doubt, contact yourTrimble distributor. 2. The appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images are set by Trimble beforethe camera is sent to you. However, before each flight, check the camera screen to make sure it displays the correct icons. For more information, referto the section foryour camera below. 

## Checking the Sony a5100 camera display Note – Thefollowing imageshows the main icons to check on the camera screen to ensure that yourcamera settings are correctandyou willsuccessfully capture images during theflight. Ifany ofthese icons are notshown, orifyou believe othercamera settings have been changed, adjust thesettings back to thesettings recommended by Trimble. Fora listofallapplicable camera settings, seeSony a5100camera settings, page 114
.

Icon Description and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority. SD card is inserted. Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 24M; image quality is set to Fine (all are default settings). Recording mode ofmovies is set to 50i FH. Steady shot is set to Off. Battery icon shows 100%.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 613 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

Drive mode is set to Single Shooting. Metering mode is set to Multi (the default). Focus area is set to Center. Focus mode is set to Manual. Face detection is set to Off. White balance is set to AWB (the default). Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 62
. Soft skin detection is set to Off(the default). Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default). Creative style is set to Standard (the default). Picture effect is set to Off(the default). Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above. ± 0.0 When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is set to +1.0forthe B+W 040 (orange) filter ISO is set to Auto (the default). 

### Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the brightness/color settings as follows: 1. On the camera, select Menu / / 5/ White Balance
. Press the central button ofthe control wheel and then select Custom Setup
. Press the central button ofthe control wheel to confirm. 2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filteryou will use in front ofthe lens, while aiming the central circle ofthe lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of paper. 3. Press the central button ofthe control wheel. The custom White Balance values appear. Ignorethe error message ("Custom WB Error")
–this message appears becausethe camera has been changed to an NIR camera in the factory. 4. Select the registerto savethe settings in. By default, register 1 is selected. Press the central button ofthe control wheel to confirm. 5. The color infra-red (CIR)display on the camera appears. When using the B+W 040 (orange) filter, vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 623 Preparing Equipment 

## Checking the Sony NEX-5 camera display Note – Thefollowing imageshows the main icons to check on the camera screen to ensure that yourcamera settings are correctandyou willsuccessfully capture images during theflight. Ifany ofthese icons are notshown, orifyou believe othercamera settings have been changed, adjust thesettings back to thesettings recommended by Trimble. Fora listofallapplicable camera settings, seeSony NEX-5camera settings, page 118
.

Icon Description and Shoot mode is set to shutter priority. SD card is inserted. Aspect ratio is set to 3:2; image size is set to 16M; image quality is set to Fine (all are default settings). Recording mode ofmovies is set to 25p 17m FH. Steady shot is set to Off. Battery icon shows 100%. Touch operation is set to Off. Drive mode icon is shown. The drive mode is set to use the Wireless Remote Commander. Metering mode is set to Multi (the default). Focus mode is set to Manual. Face detection is set to Off. White balance is set to AWB (the default). Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 633 Preparing Equipment

Icon Description

brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 64
. Soft skin detection is set to Off(the default). Brightness correction is set to automatic (the default). Creative style is set to Standard (the default). Auto portrait framing is set to Off. Smile detection is set to Off(the default). Picture effect is set to Off(the default). Shutter speed is set to 1/1000 or above. ± 0.0 When using the NIR camera, exposure compensation is set to +1.0forthe B+W 040 (orange)filter ISO is set to Auto (the default). 

### Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera To obtain best results from the camera and selected filter, Trimble recommends setting the brightness/color settings as follows: 1. On the camera, select Menu / Brightness/Color/ White Balance and then select Custom Setup
. Press the central button to confirm. 2. Outdoors, in normal daylight conditions, hold the filteryou will use in front ofthe lens, while aiming the central circle ofthe lens at a (nearly) white surface, such as a wall or blank piece of paper. 3. Press the shutter button. The custom White Balance values appear. Ignorethe error message ("Custom WB Error")
–this message appears becausethe camera has been changed to an NIR camera in the factory. 4. Select the registerto savethe settings in. By default, register 1 is selected. Press the shutter button to confirm. 5. The color infra-red (CIR)display on the camera appears. When using the B+W 040 (orange) filter, vegetation appears blue and the sky appears brown.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 643 Preparing Equipment 

# Inserting the camera The camera is stored in the flight case. Note –Afterinserting andsecuring the camera, check theshutterspeed as thesettings control mighthavespun and changed thesetting. 

## Inserting the Sony a5100 camera Note – Makesure that theSony NEX-5adapterpieces and the IR LED triggercable are removed from thepayload bay. Do not use anysharp toolsforthis. 1. Insert the adapter piece into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. 2. Connect the USB cableto the camera and to the connectorfrom the eBox. Insert the eBox connection vertically into the cavity.

3. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. 

## Inserting the Sony NEX-5 camera Note – Makesure that theSony a5100adapterpiece and the USB triggercable are removedfrom thepayload bay. Do not use anysharp toolsforthis. 1. Insert the two adapter pieces into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay ofthe UX5 body. 2. Insert the IR LED cable into the cable duct: a. Without using any sharp tools, position the LED vertically in the round opening and gently push the cable into the duct. b. Connect the IR LED cable connectorto the connectorfrom the eBoxand insert the connection vertically into the cavity.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 653 Preparing Equipment

c. Coverthe IR LED with the protection cap. The cap should be flush with the surface.

3. Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro strap. 

# Pairing the transmitter with the tracking receiver Note – You mustcomplete this step only once, before using the UX5aerialimaging rover forthe first time. To track down the UX5 aerial imaging rover fitted with a transmitter, the transmitter ID must first be stored in the memory ofthe receiver. 1. Press and hold the Power key forthree seconds to turn on the receiver. 2. Press the MENU/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Use the navigation keys to select TRANSMITTER. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 4. Use the navigation keys to select ADD. Press the MENU/OK key to confirm. 5. Use the navigation keys to enterthe missing digits ofthe frequency ofthe transmitter. Confirm each digit using the MENU/OK key. 6. Followthe steps on the screen ofthe receiverto calibratethe transmitter. 7. Oncethe calibration is done, you are prompted to enter a name forthe transmitter. 8. Use the navigation keys to enterthe name you want to use forthe transmitter. Confirm each

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 663 Preparing Equipment

letter using the MENU/OK key. The receiver is nowable to communicate with the transmitter. 

# Locating your equipment Before you head out to the field: 1. Make surethe flight case contains all ofthe required items. For more information, see Flight case contents, page 49
. 2. Ifyou will be doing several flights before returning to the office, make sure you have one ofthe following:

l an external storage device such as a laptop fortransferring images to after each flight

l a USB to SD card readerfortransferring images to theTablet after each flight

l an SD card for each flight Note – Trimble recommends using a San Disk ExtremeSDHC UHS-I card with a minimum writespeed of60MB/s and a minimum capacity of16GBfortheSony Nex-5and32 GB fortheSony a5100. 3. Make surethe launcher bag contains the following items:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics

l Trimble UX5& UX5HP LauncherQuick Start Guide

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 67

# Completing a Flight

n Importing the project n Keeping an eye on the weather n Validating the blocks n Validating the flights n Completing the flight checklist n Monitoring the flight n Landing the UX5 n Completing the post-flight checklist n Disassembling the launcher This chapter describes the tasks required in the field to complete a successful flight with good image data.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 68 

# 4 C H A P T E R4 Completing a Flight 

# Importing the project Note – This step is required ifyou did theprojectplanning in theAerialImaging Desktop software and then exported theprojectso thatyou can viewiton the Tablet. 1. In the Home screen orthe Projects screen, tap . 2. Navigateto the location ofthe GWTfile you exported from the Aerial Imaging Desktop software (see Exporting the project, page 43), select it and then tap Import
. The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears. 3. Select the project and then click to open the project and viewthe Map layers screen. 

# Keeping an eye on the weather On the day ofthe flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable forflight. Pay particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed. Ifthere are sudden weather changes beforethe flight, you must act quickly. Different weather changes and the recommended action are described below. Weather change Action The wind direction changes beforethe flight. Ifpossible, changethe wind direction in the Blocks tab to align the flight lines perpendicular to the wind direction. Reposition the launcher and then updatethe takeoffand landing heading in the flight plan. One ofthe following weather phenomena occurs beforethe flight:
l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of whirlwind

l Thunder and lightening

l Snow Cancel the on-site operations.

Ifthere are sudden weather changes when the UX5 is in the air, see Dealing with sudden weather changes during flight, page 84
. 

# Validating the blocks Tap the Blocks tab and make any changes to the blocks, ifrequired. Pay special attention to the actual wind direction, which will influencethe wind direction you have set in the software and possibly the flight time. For more information, see Defining the blocks, page 26
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 694 Completing a Flight 

# Validating the flights
1. When you arrive on-site, examinethe flight area to:

l Check for obstacles in the flight area. Obstacles are objects such as trees, buildings, antennas, power lines, and waterthat the UX5 could fly into or land on.
l Make sure you will be able to maintain a visual line ofsight to the UX5 throughout the flight.

l Identify a good takeoffand landing location.

l Check the landing surface and obstacle clearances to make surethe most suitable landing type is selected. For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 31
. Repeat for each location that you consider as an alternative landing location. Note – Ifyou choose to check alternative landing locations duringflight, be aware that this takes more time and keeps yourattentionfrom theflight. 2. Tap the Flighttab and make any changes to the flights, ifrequired. For more information, see Defining the flights, page 36
. 3. Make surethat the selected takeoffand landing locations are fixed to GPS. To fixthe location, physically go to the location, tap beside Takeoffor Landing and then click in the toolbar. Repeat for each landing location that you consider as an alternative location. Note – Ifyou choose to check alternative landing locations duringflight, be aware that this takes more time and keeps yourattentionfrom theflight. 4. In the Flights screen, select the flight you will complete and then tap the Flightchecklist tab. 

# Completing the flight checklist The flight checklist starts with an overviewofthe flight that you have selected and will execute. Use each step ofthe flight checklist to preparethe equipment forflight. The flight checklist guides you through each step. Note – More information about thesteps thatrequirespecialcare is given in thefollowing sections. Read thesesections carefully untilyou arefamiliarwith allofthe tasks required to perform thesesteps.

l Connecting the modem, page 71

l Connecting the battery, page 71

l Checking the rover and sensortype, page 72

l Preparing the camera, page 72

l Inserting the camera, page 73

l Checking the camera trigger, page 73

l Inserting the trackertransmitter, page 73

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 704 Completing a Flight

l Closing the payload bay, page 73

l Covering the pitot tube, page 73

l Checking the elevon trim, page 73

l Checking the elevon response, page 73

l Assembling the launcher, page 74

l Placing the UX5 onto the launcher, page 78

l Initializing, page 78

l Removing the pitot cover, page 78

l Checking the airspeed response, page 79

l Positioning the propellers, page 79

l Tightening the launcher cord elastics, page 79

l Verifying the position ofthe aircraft on the launcher, page 80

l Removing the safety pin, page 80

l Arming the system, page 81

l Launching the UX5, page 82 

## Connecting the modem Ifyou have not yet connected the modem: 1. Attach the antenna to the modem. 2. Attach the modem and antenna to the back oftheTablet. 3. Insert the modem cable into the USB port on theTablet. 4. Tap to prompt the softwareto check ifthe modem is connected. When the connection to the modem is established, the software automatically moves to the next step in the flight checklist. 

## Connecting the battery Ifyou have not yet connected the battery: 1. Insert a fully charged battery into the battery compartment ofthe rover. Securethe battery using the Velcro straps. 2. Connect the main power connector on the battery to the power connector in the aircraft. Oncethe battery is connected, the eBoxgoes from Offmodeto On mode (see eBox LED status, page 108). Tap to prompt the softwareto connect with the autopilot and to check the rover and sensortype. Note – Ifafterthis step you areprompted to update the eBoxfirmware, see Updating the firmware, page 11
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 714 Completing a Flight 

## Checking the rover and sensor type The software automatically checks ifthe rover and camera typethat you are using corresponds with the rover and camera type selected during project planning. When the rover and sensortype are correct, the software automatically moves to the next step in the flight checklist. Ifthe check is not successful, an error message appears. When you accept the message, the checklist is canceled. To continue with the project, updatethe project plan or use the correct rover and/or sensor. 

## Preparing the camera 1. Insert an empty SD card into the camera. 2. Turn on the camera and check the camera screen to make sure it displays the icons described in Checking the camera, page 61
. 3. Make surethe lens settings are appropriate forthe weather conditions: ISO Auto Aperture ring f/4.5 Focus ring The camera focus is set by the manufacturer and must not change. However,

when changing the camera body or lens, you should carefully adjust the focus yourself. For more information, referto the maintenance procedures forthe camera in the Maintenance screen or in the Trimble UX5AerialImaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. Shutter speed 1/1000to 1/8000

The software recommends a minimum shutter speed based on the flight height. Ifthe flight has multiple blocks with different flight heights, the lowest height is used. Always take a picture beforethe flight to ensurethat the picture is not over- or underexposed. Ifthe picture does not look right, adjust the shutter speed. 4. Using first the wet camera wipes and then the dry camera wipes, thoroughly clean the camera lens. Make surethere are no specks ofmoisture or dust, as these will affect the image quality. Note – Only use wipes thatarespecifically intendedforcleaning camera lenses. 5. Make surethe camera filter in the UX5 body is also clean and that the camera filter is tightly screwed into the body. Ifnot, gently tighten it, taking care not to over-tighten it.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 724 Completing a Flight 

## Inserting the camera Insert the camera into the camera cavity ofthe payload bay and secure it using the Velcro straps. For more information, see Inserting the camera, page 65
. Note –Afterinserting andsecuring the camera, check theshutterspeed as thesettings control mighthavespun and changed thesetting. 

## Checking the camera trigger In the Aerial Imaging software, tap . Make surethat you hearthe trigger sound from the camera. When the check is successful, the button is enabled. 

## Inserting the tracker transmitter 1. Turn on the trackertransmitter. 2. Make surethat you can hearthe transmitter using the tracker receiver. 3. Insert the trackertransmitter into the body ofthe rover. 

## Closing the payload bay Attach the top coverto the payload bay and make sure it is secure. 

## Covering the pitot tube Put the pitot tube cover on the pitot tube. Check the value in the black arrowat the left ofthe artificial horizon in the status panel ofthe Aerial Imaging software and make surethe current airspeed is below 20 kph (12.4 mph)
. 

## Checking the elevon trim Make surethat the outboard elevons are leveled with the inboard elevons (the inboard elevons are fixed). The accuracy should be less than 1 mm. WARNING– When handling the UX5, make sure thatthe elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any way. Impaired movement ofthe elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up. 

## Checking the elevon response Tap the Move/Stop elevon button in the Aerial Imaging software and watch the elevons on the rover. Make surethe elevons move fluently and in unison. WARNING– When handling the UX5, make sure thatthe elevons can move freely and are not obstructed in any way. Impaired movement ofthe elevons can cause the servo motor to burn up. When the elevon response is checked, the button is enabled.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 734 Completing a Flight 

## Assembling the launcher 1. Unfold the launch slide. CAUTION – Take care when unfolding the launch slide as there are sharp edges that can cause finger cuts. 2. Secure each section ofthe launch slide by lifting the appropriate handle and hooking it into the next section ofthe launch slide. Closethe handles.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 744 Completing a Flight

3. Unfold and securethe V-support with the lock pin. To attach the V-support to the launch slide, make surethe knob is pointing to the left and then insert the V-support pins in the reserved holes, situated approximately 2/3 ofthe length ofthe launch slide. Turn the knob to the right to tighten.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 754 Completing a Flight

4. Pull the ends ofthe launcher cord out ofthe launch slide so that the cord lies on top ofthe launch slide. Note – Ifthe launchercord is blocked while the elastics are not tightened, pullthe release handles upward to unblock them. CAUTION – Never push the release handles when there is tension on the launcher cord. You will damage the elastics. Ifthere is tension on the cord, insertthe crank onto the nut located toward the front end ofthe launcher and use the crank to very gently release the force. Atthe same time, pull the release handles gently upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwise to counteractthe force on the elastics.

5. Position the launch dock on the end ofthe launch slide with the tabs on the launch dock pointing toward the direction oflaunch.

6. Slidethe launch dock overthe ends ofthe launcher cord.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 764 Completing a Flight

7. To attach the ends ofthe launcher cord to the launch dock, removethe lock pin from the launch dock and then slidethe lock pin through the holes in the launch dock, attaching the ends ofthe launch cord as you do so. Securethe lock pin.

8. Slidethe launch dock overthe launch hook at the beginning ofthe launch slide, making sure the launch dock clicks into position. Make surethe trigger is not blocked. 9. Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.

WARNING– Always keep the safety pin inserted in the launch dock. Remove the safety pin only just before launch. Early removal ofthe safety pin can result in accidental release ofthe launcher, causing serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher. CAUTION – Never launch withoutthe UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design ofthe launcher takes into accountthe weight ofthe UX5 sitting on the launch dock.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 774 Completing a Flight

10. Position the launcher at the planned takeofflocation, with the launch direction pointing into the takeoffdirection you have indicated in the software. 11. Make surethe takeofflocation is free ofobstacles. For more information, see Obstacle clearances, page 31
. 

## Placing the UX5 onto the launcher 1. Position the UX5 at the front ofthe launch dock and use yourfingertips to guidethe launcher slats on the underside ofthe UX5 onto the lips ofthe launch dock.

2. Use the artificial horizon indicator in the Aerial Imaging softwareto check the pitch and roll of the UX5 on the launch dock. The pitch angle should be between 20° and 30° and the roll angle should be between
-5° and 5°. The horizon should be positioned parallel to the UX5 on the artificial horizon indicator. Ifyou need to adjust the horizon, reposition the launcher. 

## Initializing At this step in the flight checklist, the eBox initializes. It must acquire lock on at least 4 usable GPS satellites. The GPS receiver in the eBox determines the usability ofthe satellites, based on the characteristics ofeach satellite. 

## Removing the pitot cover Removethe coverfrom the pitot tube.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 784 Completing a Flight 

## Checking the airspeed response Press and hold the pitot tube for no morethan 5 seconds. Make surethat the value in the black arrowat the left ofthe artificial horizon in the status panel ofthe Aerial Imaging software changes. The airspeed should reach at least 50 kph (31 mph)
. 

## Positioning the propellers 1. Check the position ofthe propellers on the rover and make surethey are pointing backward as shown in the Aerial Imaging software. 2. Ifthe propellers are not positioned correctly, carefully adjust them. WARNING– Always take care when touching the propeller blades. Ifthe rover receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 

## Tightening the launcher cord elastics 1. Insert the crank onto the nut located toward the front end ofthe launch slide. 2. Stretch the launcher cord using the crank. In normal circumstances, the node between the cord and elastic should be in the middle ofthe hole numbered "4" on the launcher.

CAUTION – The launcher cord stretches with every launch. When you can easily reach the last hole when tightening the cord, replace the launcher cord to prevent unsuccessful launches and damage to the launcher or the UX5. For more information, refer to the maintenance procedures in the Maintenance screen, or refer to the Trimble UX5Aerial Imaging Solution Maintenance Guide
. 3. Removethe crank.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 794 Completing a Flight 

## Verifying the position of the aircraft on the launcher WARNING– Take care to ensure the UX5 is correctly positioned on the launch dock. An incorrect position can result in launch failure, causing serious personal injury and damage to the rover or launcher.



## Removing the safety pin To removethe safety pin, position yourselfbehind the launcher, reach carefully underthe UX5 and then pull out the safety pin. WARNING– Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Ifthe UX5 receives a sudden shock while armed, the motor can unexpectedly start causing the propeller blades to move. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 804 Completing a Flight 

## Arming the system This step ofthe flight checklist verifies ifthe system is ready for launch. Ifthere is an issue with any ofthe launch values, a message appears.

Awarning message appears ifthe:

l UX5 battery life is less than 75%.

l Tablet battery life is less than 90 minutes.

l number ofsatellites is between 4 and 8.

l rover pitch and roll values are not within the desired range. The system will not allowyou to arm ifthe following errors are reported:

l The eBox is not in the correct state.

l GPS signal is not OK.

l Takeoffsensor is not OK (this means that the yaw, pitch, and roll values are not yet stabilized).

l Takeoffstatus is not OK.

l Datalogging has not started.

l The GCS has no GPS connection. To arm the system, tap ARM
. The software shows the Dashboardtab where you can monitorthe flight telemetry and followthe launch ofthe rover.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 814 Completing a Flight 

## Launching the UX5 1. Just before launch, perform the following safety checks: a. Make surethere are no aerial objects insidethe zone ofoperation. b. Make sure you have a clear line ofsight to the UX5. c. Make surethere are no obstacles or people nearthe front ofthe launcher. WARNING– Make sure you complete each ofthe safety checks listed atthis step. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the UX5 or launcher. 2. When you have made surethat everything is clear in front of, above, and behind the launcher, stand behind the launcher and press the launch handleto launch the UX5. CAUTION – Never launch withoutthe UX5 sitting on the dock as it will damage the launch dock. The design ofthe launcher takes into accountthe weight ofthe UX5 sitting on the launch dock. 3. Ifan obstacle such as a person or animal suddenly appears in the obstacle clearance zone during takeoff

, tap in the Aerial Imaging software. The UX5 immediately powers down and returns to the ground. For more information, see Emergency software commands, page 86
. After launch, the UX5 flies to the first waypoint, which is highlighted on the map in the Dashboardtab. Ifthe UX5 is not yet at the flight height when it reaches this point, it climbs in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches the desired height. 4. After launch, releasethe tension on the launcher cord elastics. Leaving tension on the launcher cord elastics for extended periods can damagethe elastics. To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto counteract the force on the elastics.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 824 Completing a Flight 

# Monitoring the flight

CAUTION – It is your responsibility to take action during flight when the safety ofthe rover or its surroundings is compromised. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the rover at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the rover and look outfor other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Keep an eye on changing weather conditions.

– Locate the rover on the Tablet screen.

– Monitor the flighttelemetry on the Tablet screen. Note – Forinformation on the appropriate action to take ifyou see an oncoming aerialobjectat anypointduring theflight, see Handling emergencies duringflight, page 89
. Aftertakeoff, the rover climbs to the specified cruise height. Oncethe rover has passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From this point, the roverfollows the preprogrammed flight path. The Dashboardtab with an example flight is shown below:

You must use the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet to monitorthe rover during the entire flight:

l The trajectory ofthe rover on the map must be closeto the programmed flight path.

l Monitorthe strength ofthe communication link
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 834 Completing a Flight

l Monitorthe number ofusable satellites
. l No signal: No GPS lock (0–3 satellites)

l 1 signal line: 4–6 satellites

l 2 signal lines: 7 or more satellites

l Monitorthe level ofpower in the UX5 battery. In the battery status bar , the value is expressed as a percentage and as time remaining in minutes.

l Comparethe actual flight height with the desired flight height set during block and flight planning.

l Comparethe actual airspeed with the desired airspeed, which is 80 kph (49 mph) during cruise flight. The actual airspeed can be higherthan the desired speed when the UX5 is coping with a high head wind. The maximum airspeed is 90 kph (56 mph)
. l Monitorthe throttle. The throttle should be around 45% during cruise flight in normal conditions.

l Monitorthe software for in-flight warnings and errors such as loss ofGPS lock and loss of communication link. For more information on these warnings and the appropriate action to take, see Failsafes during flight, page 85 and System errors and warnings, page 102
. l Monitorthe number offlight lines flown against the total number offlight lines (displayed in the status line belowthe map).

l Monitorthat the number oftrigger events increases as expected (displayed in the status bar). 

## Dealing with sudden weather changes during flight On the day ofthe flight, check that the current weather conditions are suitable forflight. Pay particular attention to the prevailing wind direction and speed. Ifthere are sudden weather changes during the flight, you must act quickly. Different weather changes and the recommended action are described below. Weather change Action The wind direction changes during the flight. Changethe landing heading in flight or select an alternative landing location, ifit is more suited. See Changing the landing parameters during flight, page 85
. One ofthe following weather phenomena occurs during the flight:
l Strong wind

l Heavy rain, hail

l Hurricane, tornado, or any kind of whirlwind

l Thunder and lightening

l Snow Land the UX5 as quickly as possible.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 844 Completing a Flight 

## Changing the landing parameters during flight Ifconditions change during the flight, it may be advisableto alterthe landing parameters set in the flight plan whilethe UX5 is still in flight. Note – Onceyou confirm the landing, you cannotchange the landing parameters. To changethe landing parameters during flight: 1. Select the Flights tab. The Flights tab shows the landing properties forthe flight. 2. Depending on the situation, do one ofthe following:

l Ifthe wind direction has changed and the landing clearances are notjeopardized, rotate the landing heading ofthe current landing accordingly.

l Ifthere is a sudden obstacle in the clearance zone ofthe current landing and you have defined an alternative landing location that is clearfrom obstacles, tap the landing pin on the map or use the drop-down menu in the Landing properties to select this location. Adapt the landing heading according to the actual wind direction. Note – Forthe currentand any alternative landing setup, itispossible to change any other parameters. However, this requires more effortand time which you may nothave. Makesure thatifyou change the landing location, the location is GPSfixed. For more information, see Obstacle clearances for landing, page 33
. 

## Failsafes during flight The following failsafe mechanisms activate when a technical issue occurs that reduces the safe behavior ofthe rover:
l Loss ofGPS lock during flight

l Loss ofcommunication link during flight

l Overspeed protection 

### Loss of GPS lock duringflight Ifthe rover does not receive GPS communications for a period of4seconds, then a notification appears on theTablet, and the following automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated: 1. The rover banks at an angle of25° while orbiting at its current location for 20 seconds. Ifthe rover successfully reacquires GPS lock, then it flies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. 2. Ifthe rover is unableto reacquire GPS lock, then it activates the Flight Termination System (FTS). During FTS: a. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph)
. b. The rover orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of10 m (33 ft)
. Note – During FTS without GPS lock, the roverattempts to circle but the outcome is ellipticalcircles as the roveris subject to wind drift. c. The rover levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 854 Completing a Flight



### Loss of communication link duringflight Ifthe rover does not receive a communication packet forthe time specified in the Communication timeoutfield in theAutopilotsettings group oftheSettings screen, or ifthe communication link is poor and communication packets are being received intermittently, then a notification appears on theTablet and the roverflies to the specified landing location and begins a normal landing sequence. Unlike a normal landing, you are not prompted to confirm landing beforethe final leg ofthe landing. An audible sound indicates that the UX5 is about to land. Ifcommunication resumes during this automaticfailsafe mechanism, the rover continues the landing sequence. 

### Overspeed protection Ifthe rover detects a steep and fast decline, it will maximize drag to minimizethe impact on the ground. The aircraft will descend in a "flat-spin"-like flight trajectory. 

## Emergency software commands The Dashboardtab ofthe Aerial Imaging software provides several buttons that enable you to manually interrupt the pre-programmed flight plan whilethe rover is in the air. Use these commands to take evasive action ifrequired. Note –
l Tapping any button in this screen overrides anyprevious command, including anyprevious button press in this screen. Ifyou initiate an emergency command and then initiate a second emergency command before thefirstcommand is completed, the roverimmediately terminates thefirstcommand withoutcompleting itand begins thesecond command.

l The only button available when the UX5is below50m (164ft) during takeoffis
. 

### Land Use the button when the flight must be terminated and there is time and space for a pre-planned landing. When you tap , the rover immediately terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at the desired flight height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. Ifthe Land command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while descending
. l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the landing entry point while ascending
. When the aircraft has reached the landing entry point but is not yet at a height of75 m (246ft) +the landing offset, it starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of75 m (246ft) +the landing offset. The aircraft then orbits until you do one ofthe following:

l To completethe landing, tap in the message boxon the map. The aircraft finishes circling when all landing conditions are met and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 864 Completing a Flight

l To releasethe Landcommand, tap the button again. The aircraft returns to the start ofthe flight line it was on when the flight plan was interrupted, and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### Flyto Use the button to movethe roverfrom its current position to a location you choose. To enablethe button, tap the location on the map that you want the roverto moveto. When you tap , the roverflies to the specified location and then orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Fly to command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height of the next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while descending
. If the desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.

l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the specified location while ascending
. If the desired height is not yet reached at the specified location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached. When in the Fly to pattern, you can adjust the rover's desired flight height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higherthan 750 m (2460ft)
. To releasethe Fly to command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight height it was at beforethe Fly to pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. Note – Ifyou tap the map again while the roveris in the Fly to pattern, tap in the message box on the map tofly to the newlocation on the map. 

### Hold Use the button when another aircraft in the vicinity is observed. When you tap , the rover begins orbiting its current location at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Hold command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft circles downward until it reaches the height ofthe next block.

l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft circles upward until it reaches the height ofthe next block. When in the Hold pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down , if required. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higherthan 750 m (2460ft)
. To releasethe Hold command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight height it was at beforethe Hold pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 874 Completing a Flight



### Here Use the button when the rover must be removed from the general area ofmapping and you want to have it within close sight. When you tap , the rover immediately flies to the location ofthe ground control station (GCS) and orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. If the Here command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while descending
. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.

l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the GCS location while ascending
. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the GCS location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached. When in the Here pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higherthan 750 m (2460 ft)
. To releasethe Here command, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight height it was at beforethe Here pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused. 

### Right Use the button when you want to movethe rover rightward from its current position but have it closeto its current location. When you tap , the roverflies 300 m (984ft) to the right ofthe current heading and then orbits there at the desired flight height in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles. Mapping is paused. Ifthe Right command is initiated during the transition between blocks which are at different heights, the desiredflight height is the height ofthe next block. Ifthe flight height ofthe next block is:

l lowerthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while descending
. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles downward until the desired height is reached.

l higherthan the previous block, the aircraft flies to the right while ascending
. Ifthe desired height is not yet reached at the orbit location, the aircraft circles upward until the desired height is reached. When in the Right pattern, you can adjust the rover's height by 10 m (32 ft) up or down, ifrequired. The software does not allowthe height to be set lowerthan 75 m (246ft) or higherthan 750 m (2460 ft)
. To releasethe Rightcommand, tap the button again. The rover returns to the desired flight height it was at beforethe Right pattern began. It flies to the previous waypoint and resumes mapping when it reaches the point that mapping paused.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 884 Completing a Flight



### FTS Activatethe Flight Termination System (FTS) when the UX5 must be removed from the air as quickly as possible. The button can be used during takeoff, cruise flight, and landing. To activatethe FTS, tap and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation in the message boxon the map. Note –

l Ifyou do not tap in the message box, the UX5continues theflight.

l Confirmation is always required, exceptduring takeoffwhen the UX5is stillbelow25m (82ft)
. The rover immediately aborts the flight. During cruise flight, this involves: 1. The motor powers down and the speed lowers to 70 kph (43 mph)
. 2. The rover orbits down in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of10 m (33 ft)
. 3. The rover levels its wings, slows, and glides to the ground. Ifyou activate FTS when the rover is at a height ofless than 25 m (82 ft)
–that is, during takeoffor landing
–then the rover slows to 60 kph (37 mph) and flies downward in a straight line at the current heading until it glides to the ground. 

### Abort Note – The button is available only during thefinalleg ofthe landing when the aircraftis more than 15m (49ft) above ground. Makesureyou considerthe obstacle clearancesfortheAbort manoeuvre beforeyou tap . Formore information, see Obstacle clearancesforlanding, page 33
. Use the button to abort the landing. When you tap , the rover climbs to 75 m (246ft) in the direction ofthe landing heading and then turns to the landing entry point to start the landing circuit again. To land you must tap in the message boxon the map again. 

## Handling emergencies during flight This topic describes typical emergency scenarios that may occurwhen the UX5 is in flight. For all scenarios, you must assess the situation beforetaking action. Take into account your location (that is, the location ofthe GCS) and the current location, course, and speed ofthe UX5. Note – Ifthesituation is too critical (forexample,fastmoving aircraft) tap and when prompted confirm Flight Termination System (FTS) activation to immediately abort theflight andput the UX5in an orbit toward the ground.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 894 Completing a Flight



### An approaching aircraft The most common emergencies involve another aircraft entering the vicinity at approximately the same height as the UX5. Scenario Action The approaching aircraft will not cross theflightpath ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap , , , or to movethe UX5 to a safe position. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft and the UX5 are converging
. 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap to movethe UX5 to a safe position. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is diverging from the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap , , or to movethe UX5 to a safe position. The flight path ofthe approaching aircraft is intercepting the flight path ofthe UX5. 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap to movethe UX5 to a safe position. (An aircraft intending to overtake an aircraft in front of them overtakes that plane on the right side.) The approaching aircraft is approaching the UX5 head-on. 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap to movethe UX5 to a safe position. The approaching aircraft intends to land. A landing aircraft has priority over an UX5 at all times. Never assumethat the aircraft has noticed the UX5. Take the necessary safety measures depending on the situation. When the other aircraft has left the vicinity, tap the emergency button again to cancel the pattern and continue mapping. Occasionally other objects such as birds enterthe zone ofoperation. Assess the situation and try to avoid collisions using the methods described above. Ifa collision does occur, immediately tap in the Aerial Imaging software and ifprompted, confirm FTS activation to abort the flight. Oncethe UX5 has landed, carefully check equipment for damage.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 904 Completing a Flight



### Othertypes of emergency In case ofothertypes ofemergency, takethe recommended action. Scenario Action Engine failure is rare but may occur. The following parameters in the Aerial Imaging software indicate engine failure:
l Altimeter decreases

l Battery voltage increases

l Throttle percentage increases until 100% 1. Assess the situation. 2. Tap to immediately terminatethe flight. Ifno button is tapped, the UX5 glides downward, following the flight plan.

Aerial Imaging software freezes or crashes on the GCS when the UX5 is in the air. Immediately restart the software. Ifyou are unableto restart the software, restart the GCS and then restart the Aerial Imaging software. After restarting the software: 1. The software detects ifthe rover is in the air and a message asks ifyou want to connect to the rover and continuethe flight. 2. Tap to confirm. The Aerial Imaging software downloads the existing flight plan from the eBox. Ifthe download is successful, the Dashboard screen appears and enables you to continuethe flight. Ifthe download was not successful: a. Go to the Projects screen and open the project forthe flight in progress. b. In the Flights tab, select the flight in progress. c. Select the Flightchecklisttab. When the connection to the autopilot is successful, the Aerial Imaging software downloads the existing flight plan from the eBox, goes to the Dashboard screen and enables you to continuethe flight. 

## Dealing with a crash Acrash is an accident associated with the operation ofan aircraft in which:

l a person is fatally or seriously injured

l the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure

l the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 914 Completing a Flight

Note –A landing on the intended landing site thatcauses damage to the aircraftdue to the landing surface cannotbeseen as a crash. 1. Ifa crash occurs which causes injuries or death, you must: a. Contact the emergency services. b. Help where necessary, without risking your own life. c. Make a perimeter around the accident. Make sure no evidence disappears. d. Notify your civil aviation authority (CAA). 2. Ifa crash occurs which causes damageto another object: a. Contact the emergency services when necessary (for example, ifgas, electricity, orwater supplies are affected). b. Contact the owners ofthe object that is hit. c. Notify your civil aviation authority. 3. Take pictures ofthe crash site. Download the data files from the GCS and send all data and pictures to yourTrimble distributor. 

# Landing the UX5
CAUTION – It is your responsibility to ensure the safety ofthe rover during landing. To do this you must:

– Have visual contact with the rover at all times.

– Observe the zone of operation for the rover and look outfor other aerial objects.

– Ensure obstacle clearance.

– Locate the rover on the Tablet screen. WARNING– Make sure there are no people or obstacles near the landing zone. Failure to do so could result in serious personal injury and damage to the rover. After passing the last waypoint on the scan lines, the UX5 terminates its flight plan and initiates a normal landing sequence. It flies at cruise height to the entry point which is located 300 m (984ft) from the landing location. It starts circling downward in 200 m (656ft) diameter circles until it reaches a height of75 m (246ft)
. It keeps circling in left or right circles, depending on the direction specified in the Aerial Imaging software, until you tap in the message boxon the map. 1. To completethe landing, tap in the message boxon the map. The UX5 finishes its current circle until it reaches the intersection with the landing direction and then it starts the final leg ofthe landing. The image belowshows the linear landing circuit using a landing orientation set to right turns.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 924 Completing a Flight

2. Afterthe UX5 has successfully landed, tap . The eBoxgoes into standby mode. 

## Locating the UX5 after landing As long as you do not start the post-flight checklist afterthe flight has finished, the map and the status bar still showthe rover position, which can help you to locatethe rover. Ifthe UX5 has landed somewhere in the field and you are not able to visually locate it, you can track it using the tracking system receiver. 1. On the receiver, press and hold the On/Off key forthree seconds to power on the receiver. 2. Press the Menu/OK key to enterthe menu. 3. Select the transmitteryou want to track down using the Scan key and then press the Menu/OK key to confirm. 4. Fold out the four antennas on the receiver and then placethe receiver on the palm ofyour hand, taking care not to touch any ofthe antennas. 5. Increasethe gain as much as possible using the Increase key. 6. To pick up the first signal pulses, hold the receiver in front ofyou at high level and slowly turn 360°, scanning the horizon with the antenna. Tip – Make surethe internal antenna is selected. The range ofthe receiver is wider ifyou track from an elevation. Always hold the receiver in front ofyou so that the receiver can distinguish between incoming signals from the front and the back.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 934 Completing a Flight

Each received signal pulse and its strength are shown on the transmitter bar/received signal strength indicator and indicated with an audible signal. 7. Scan the area to determinethe direction with the highest signal strength. Ifthe signal strength is the same in all directions, reducethe gain using the Decrease key until the received signal strength is halfthe transmitter bar and then repeat the scan. 8. Followthe determined direction. Repeat the scan at intervals to verify the direction you need to head in to locatethe UX5. Note – Ifyou experience difficultiesfinding the roverfollowing one direction, try doing the scanfrom a differentlocation and locating the cross- section between the newandpreviously found direction. For more information on using the tracker system, referto the user documentation forthe trackertransmitter and receiver. 

# Completing the post-flight checklist
1. Afterthe UX5 has successfully landed, tap . The eBoxgoes into standby mode. 2. Tap
. The post-flight checklist wizard appears. 3. Make surethat the battery is connected. Tap
. 4. Removethe download port cap from the eBoxand then attach the download cableto the eBoxand the modem. Tap to check the cable connection. Ifthe cable connection is OK, the software automatically starts downloading the log files from the eBoxto theTablet. When the download is finished, the button is enabled. 5. Tap
. 6. Removethe download cable from the eBoxand modem. Reattach the download port cap to the eBox. 7. Tap
. 8. Disconnect the battery. Tap
. 9. Removethe camera from the rover. Verify that the number ofimages taken during the flight is equal to the number oftrigger commands recorded in the flight log (do not take into account the test images taken on the ground; Trimble recommends deleting the test images from the SD card). Ifthese numbers do not correspond, the software can automatically correct for a mismatch. For more information, see Exporting flight data for processing, page 99
. Note –
l Ifthe mismatch between the triggerevents and the numberofimages is more than 10% (excluding the testimages orimagesfrom anotherflight, Trimble recommends performing theflightagain.

l Ifthe missing images are notdue to obvious reasons such as a depleted camera battery duringflight, an SD card with incorrectspecifications (see Locating yourequipment, page 67 ), orincorrectcamera settings, contactyour Trimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 944 Completing a Flight

10. Validatethe block(s) that were successfully mapped during the flight. 11. Tap to closethe post-flight checklist and return to the Flights tab. The status ofthe flight changes to: Flown, log files downloaded and settings frozen. To redo this flight, make a copy ofthe flight. The settings ofthe newflight are editable. In the Blocks tab, one ofthe following icons appears next to the block name in the block list:

l Successfully mapped and settings frozen.

l Not successfully mapped and settings frozen. Afrozen block can still be scheduled in otherflights. It will be flown again with the same settings. To map the block with different settings, make a copy ofthe block and changethe settings as required. 

# Disassembling the launcher
1. Ifyou have not yet released the tension on the launcher cord, then do so now. To releasethe tension, releasethe force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles in the front ofthe launcher upward. This is safest done with two people, with one person carefully winding the crank counter-clockwiseto counteract the force on the elastics.

2. Removethe lock pin on the launch dock and detach the launcher cord. 3. Using the crank, tighten the launcher cord so that most ofthe cord is in the launch slide but the end remains out. Removethe crank. 4. Slidethe launch dock offthe front ofthe launch slide. 5. To detach the V-support, turn the knob upward and then slidethe pins out ofthe holes in the launch slide. Removethe lock pin on the V-support to fold the legs and then reinsert the lock pin. CAUTION – Take care when folding the V-support legs notto jam or cutfingers. 6. Open the handle fixes on the launch slide and fold the launch slide.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 954 Completing a Flight

7. Return the following items to the launcher bag:

l safety pin

l launch dock with lock pin

l V-support

l crank

l launch slide with elastics For more information, see Locating your equipment, page 67
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 96

# Analysis and Export

n Transferring the images n Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software n Exporting flight data for processing n Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 97



# 5 C H A P T E R5 Analysis and Export 

# Transferring the images Note – Ifyou already transferred the imagesfrom the camera to an externalstorage device in the field, then transferthe imagesfrom thatdevice to a location on the computerrunning theAerial Imaging Desktop software, orto a network location. Ifyou have not already transferred the images from the camera: 1. When you return to the office, removethe SD card from the camera. 2. Insert the SD card into an office computer and then transferthe images from the SD card to a location on the computer or a network location. 3. Deletethe images from the SD card. 4. Replacethe SD card in the camera. Note – Because the camera has no electroniccommunication with the externallens, the image properties (exifdata)showa value 0(zero)fortheproperties linked to the lens. Theseproperties are: F- stop,focallength and max. aperture. 

# Returning the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software Although you can use the Aerial Imaging software on theTrimbleTablet to analyze and export the flight data for processing, it will typically be done in the office using the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. To be able to do this you must export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on the Tablet and import it to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. To export the project from the Aerial Imaging software on theTablet: 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the GWTformat. Tap
. 4. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe project. IftheTablet cannot access a network folder, then insert a USB stick and then navigateto a folder on the USB stick. 5. Enterthe file name and then click Export
. The exported project is saved as a GWTfile in the folderyou selected. 6. Tap to closethe Exportwizard. To import the project to the Aerial Imaging Desktop software: 1. Start the Aerial Imaging Desktop software. 2. In theAerialImaging Home screen or Projects screen, click
. 3. Navigateto the location ofthe GWTfile, select it and then click Import
. The project you imported is listed in the Projects screen and the project thumbnail appears.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 985 Analysis and Export 

# Exporting flight data for processing Note – You can exportflightdatafrom theAerialImaging Desktop software, orfrom theAerial Imaging software on the Trimble Tablet, ifyou have copied the images to the Tablet. 1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the format to export to. To process the flight data using:

l Trimble Business Center software, select theJXLoption.

l Other processing software, select the CSV/TXToption. 4. Click
. 5. Select the flight to export and click
. The summary shows the number ofeBoxtrigger events in the flight log file. 6. Click to select the folderwhere you have stored the images forthe flight. The summary at the bottom ofthe windowshows you the number ofeBoxtrigger events and the number ofimages in the selected image folder. Ifthese numbers do not correspond and you continuethe export, the software automatically corrects forthe mismatch by either deleting images (ifthere are more images than trigger events) or deleting eBoxtrigger events (ifthere are moretrigger events than images). Note –
l Ifthe mismatch between the triggerevents and the numberofimages is more than 10% (excluding the testimages orimagesfrom anotherflight, Trimble recommends performing theflightagain.

l Ifthe missing images are notdue to obvious reasons such as a depleted camera battery duringflight, an SD card with incorrectspecifications (see Locating yourequipment, page 67 ), orincorrectcamera settings, contactyour Trimble distributor. 7. Click
. 8. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe exported file. Enterthe file name and then click Export
. 9. Click to export anotherflight from the same project or click to closethe Exportwizard. 

# Exporting the flight trajectory for analysis
1. In the Projects screen, select the project to export flight data from. 2. Click
. The Exportwizard appears. 3. Select the output format:

l KML, Keyhole Markup Languageto viewthe flight path.

l GPX, GPS Exchange Formatto viewthe flight path and way points. Both outputs can be viewed in software such as in Google Earth.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 995 Analysis and Export

4. Click
. 5. Select the flight to export and click
. 6. Navigateto the folderwhere you want to savethe exported file. Enterthe file name and then click Export
. The flight trajectory is exported to the selected folder. 7. Click to export anotherflight from the same project or click to closethe Exportwizard.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 100

# Troubleshooting

n System errors and warnings n Landing issues n Aerial Imaging software issues n Battery charger errors n eBox LED status n Technical support

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 101



# 6 C H A P T E R6 Troubleshooting 

# System errors and warnings This topic describes error messages orwarnings that may appear pre-flight or during flight. Ifthe problem persists, contact yourTrimble distributor. 

## Low battery level If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the

flight checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Replacethe battery with a fully charged battery and then redo the flight checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, tap the button. Otherwise, tap the button. 

## Loss of GPS lock If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 85
.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1026 Troubleshooting 

## Communication loss If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight The automaticfailsafe mechanism is activated. See Failsafes during

flight, page 85
. 

## Camera errors Issue Solution The camera is taking a picture every 20to 25 seconds. 1. Abort the checklist.

2. Disconnect the UX5 battery. 3. Restart the checklist. 

## eBox errors There are two types ofeBoxerrors that can occur:
l Autopilot errors
l Miscellaneous eBoxerrors The appropriate action to take depends on the stage ofthe flight that the error occurs. For more information, see:
l Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs, page 106

l Taking action when an eBoxerror occurs, page 106 

### Autopilot error message types The table belowexplains the types ofautopilot errorthat can occur. Code Description 2 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem. 3 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 4 There is an autopilot configuration problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1036 Troubleshooting

Code Description 9 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem. 11 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem. 13 There is a yawgyro sensor hardware problem. 16 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 17 There is an invalid command in the flight plan. 18 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 19 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 20 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 21 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 22 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem. 23 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 25 The aircraft has flown past the 300 km limit. 26 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside ofthe geofence; orthe aircraft has flown outside ofthe geofence. 35 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 36 There is a gyro sensor hardware problem. 37 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 38 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 39 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 40 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 41 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 42 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 43 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 44 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 45 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 46 The flight plan contains a waypoint that exceeds the maximum allowed distance from the takeofflocation. 47 The aircraft is closeto the 300 km limit. 49 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 50 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 51 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 52 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1046 Troubleshooting

Code Description 53 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 55 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 56 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 57 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 58 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 59 There is a GPS receiver hardware problem. 60 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 61 There is an airspeed sensor hardware problem. 63 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 64 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 65 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 66 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 67 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 68 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 69 There is an autopilot hardware problem. 71 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 72 There are multiple errors. 73 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 74 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 77 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 78 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 79 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 80 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 81 There is an invalid command in the flight plan. 84 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 85 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 86 The aircraft is abovethe maximum altitude limit. 87 There is an autopilot configuration problem. 88 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is abovethe maximum allowed altitude from the takeofflocation. 89 The flight plan contains a waypoint that is outside ofthe geofence.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1056 Troubleshooting

Code Description 90 There is a pitch gyro sensor hardware problem. 91 There is a roll gyro sensor hardware problem. 92 There is a yawgyro sensor hardware problem. 93 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 94 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 95 There is an accelerometer sensor hardware problem. 

### Taking action when an Autopilot error occurs If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight Ifthe landing location is not too farfrom the location ofthe UX5 and

the battery level is not too low, , tap the button. Otherwise, tap the button. 

### Taking action when an eBox error occurs Miscellaneous eBoxerrors include eBoxaltitude pressure sensor errors. If the message appears Then... Pre-flight, before ARM You will not be able to ARM the UX5.

1. Press the Mode button once (one flash) to restart the eBox. 2. Redo the checklist. Pre-flight, afterARM 1. Disarm the UX5 via software. Ifthat does not work, disarm the UX5 by pressing the Mode button once (one flash) taking care to avoid the propellers. 2. Disconnect and then reconnect the battery to restart the eBox. 3. Redo the checklist. In-flight Always use .

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1066 Troubleshooting 

# Landing issues Ifthe rover does not automatically power offthe motor after landing, Trimble recommends manually powering offthe motor as soon as possibleto avoid motor damage. To manually power offthe UX5, tap the button in the Aerial Imaging software. Ifthat does not work, press and hold the Mode button on the eBox until the LED flashes three times
. WARNING– Always take care to avoid contact with the propeller blades. Contact with moving propeller blades can result in serious personal injury. 

# Aerial Imaging software issues Ifthe Aerial Imaging software on the GCS freezes or crashes when the UX5 is in the air, see Other types ofemergency, page 91
. Ifthe software crashes, a crash dump file is automatically created. You are prompted to select the crash dump location and you can then send the file to TrimbleTechnical Support. 

# Battery charger errors When charging the UX5 battery, any errors are displayed in the battery charger screen and accompanied by a warning sound. The following error messages may appear. 

### CAR BATT 9.00Vi This error occurs when the voltage ofthe battery is below 10.0VDC or above 18.0VDC. If the message appears Then... Before charging Charging cannot be started. When charging. The charger stops charging automatically. 

### WRONG POLARITY This error occurs when the charge outputs are connected to a battery with incorrect polarity. The message appears Then... Before charging Charging cannot be started. 

### CONTACT - BREAK... This error occurs when the connection between the battery and the charger is interrupted.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1076 Troubleshooting

If the message appears Then... Before charging Charging cannot be started. When charging. The charger stops charging automatically. 

### BAT. VOLT 00.00Vo This error occurs when the battery voltage is too high ortoo lowduring the charge process. The message appears Then... During charging The charger stops charging automatically. 

### OUTPUT CHECK This error occurs when there is a short-circuit at the charge output. The message appears To resolve this issue... During charging Eliminatethe short-circuit and press the Prog/Mode key to return to the charge menu. 

# eBox LED status The status ofthe eBox is indicated by the LEDs: Green LED Red LED Status Off Off eBox is off Off Blinking eBox is in Standby mode Blinking Off eBox is downloading data Blinking Steady eBox is on Steady Steady eBox is armed

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1086 Troubleshooting

The diagram belowshows the manual intervention to go from one stateto another.



# Technical support Ifyou have an issue and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact yourTrimble distributor.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 109

# Specifications and Settings

n UX5 UAS specifications n Launcher specifications n Camera specifications n Camera settings n UX5 battery safety

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 110



# 7 C H A P T E R7 Specifications and Settings 

# UX5 UAS specifications Operation limitations The UX5 cannot safely fly in all weather conditions. The following table shows the acceptable range for different conditions. Note – Yourcountry ofoperation may have differentoradditionaloperationalrequirements. Makesureyou arefamiliarwith the appropriate regulationsforthe countryyou are operating in. Ifyou areflying in the UnitedStates see also FAA conditions and limitations ofoperation, page 131
. CAUTION – If any condition does not meetthe acceptable range stated, the operator should abortthe flight. Flying outside the acceptable range of conditions will void your Trimble warranty. Trimble does not guarantee good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond these limits. Condition Acceptable range Time Between sunrise and sunset Distance from clouds Clear ofclouds and always within line ofsight Flight visibility 5000 m (16,400ft) Operator-UAS visibility Visual line ofsight Weather limitations Light rain is acceptable. Avoid hail, snow, and heavy showers Head wind (for cruise flight) Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Cross wind:

l Fortakeoff/landing Maximum 30 kph (19 mph)

l For cruise flight Maximum 65 kph (40 mph) Gusts (for cruise flight) Maximum 15 kph (9 mph) Turbulence Avoid turbulence at all times Temperature:

l Rover, including eBox

-20°C to +45°C (-4°F to 113°F)

l Camera* 0°C to +30°C (32°F to 86°F)

l Battery* 0°C to +30°C (32°F to 86°F)

l Launcher* +10°C to 45°C (50°F to 113°F)
* Pre-flight conditioned temperature

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1117 Specifications and Settings 

## Rover CAUTION – Any deviation leading to a different maximum takeoffweight (MTOW) must be approved by Trimble. Feature Specification Maximum takeoffweight (MTOW) 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) Maximum launch altitude (AMSL) 4250 m (13,493 ft) Maximum operational ceiling (AMSL) 5000 m (16,400ft) Endurance (ISA conditions and no wind) 50 mins Nominal airspeed 80 kph 49 mph) Maximum airspeed 90 kph (56 mph) Dimensions (wing span x length x height) 100x 65 x 10.5 cm (39.4x 25.6x4.1 ") 

## Power/battery Feature Specification Battery type Lithium polymer Nominal energy capacity 6000 mAh Nominal voltage 14.8V Maximum voltage 16.8V Storage voltage 15.6V Battery charging current 3 A Battery charging time (iffully discharged) Maximum 2 hours Operating temperature:

l Discharge (pre-flight conditioned temperature) 0°C to +30°C (32°F to 86°F)

l Charge 0°C to +40°C (32°F to 104°F) Storagetemperature:

l Less than 3 months

-10°C to +45°C (14°F to 113°F)

l Morethan 3 months Normal room temperature Dimensions 4.7x 10x 6.2 cm (1.9x 3.9x 2.4 ") Weight 585 g (1.3 lbs)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1127 Specifications and Settings 

# Launcher specifications
Feature Specification Weight 10 kg (22 lbs) Dimensions –folded (length xwidth x height) 100x 25 x 12 cm (39.4x9.8x4.7 ") Dimensions – unfolded (length xwidth x height) 300x 75 x 120 cm (118.1 x 29.5 x47.2 ") 

# Camera specifications The camera has the following specifications. 

## Camera body Feature Specification (Sony a5100) Specification (Sony NEX-5) Effective pixels 23.4 megapixels 16.1 megapixels Image sensor APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x

0.61 ") CMOS APS-C 23.5 x 15.6 mm (0.93 x 0.61 ") CMOS Shutter speed 1/4000
–60 seconds 1/4000
–30 seconds ISO sensitivity ISO 100–25600 ISO 100–25600 Display 7.5 cm (3.0 ") 7.5 cm (3.0 ") Dimensions (width x height x depth) 109.6x 62.8x 35.7 mm

(4.31 x 2.47x 1.41 ") 110.8x 58.8x 32.5 mm (4.36x 2.31 x 1.28 ") Weight (body only) 224g (0.49 lb) 218g (0.48 lb) Battery charging time (iffully discharged) Approximately 310 minutes Approximately 280 minutes 

## Camera lens Feature Specification 15 mm Focal length 15 mm (0.6 ") F-aperture 4.5–22 Angle ofview 110.4° Filter size (diameter) 52 mm (2.0 ") Maximum diameter 59.4 mm (2.3 ") Length 38.2 mm (1.5 ")

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1137 Specifications and Settings

Feature Specification 15 mm Weight 156g (0.34 lb) 

# Camera settings The camera arrives with the appropriate settings required to obtain good aerial images set by Trimble. These settings are listed belowforthe:

l Sony a5100 camera settings

l Sony NEX-5 camera settings, page 118 Notethe following:

l Settings that are greyed out in the camera menus cannot be selected and so are not listed here.

l Avalue of"–" in the tables below indicates that the value forthat setting is not set and is not required. 

## Sony a5100 camera settings Menu settings
Camera settings Setting Value 1 Shoot Mode Shutter Priority Image Size L:24M Aspect Ratio 3:2 Quality Fine 2 Movie File Format AVCHD Movie Record Settings 50i 17M (FH) Dual Video REC Off Drive Mode Single Shooting Flash Mode Fill-flash 3 Flash Comp. ± 0.0 Red Eye Reduction Off Focus Area Center AF Illuminator Off 4 Exposure Comp. ± 0.0

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1147 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value

Forthe NIR camera: +1.0with the B+W 040 (orange) filter ISO ISO AUTO 5 Metering Mode Multi White Balance Auto

Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 62 DRO/Auto-HDR D-Range Opt.
-AUTO Creative Style Standard Picture Effect Off 6 Focus Magnifier
– High ISO NR Normal Smile/Face Detect. Off 7 Soft Skin Effect Off Color Space sRGB 8 Video Auto SlowShutter Off Audio Recording Off Wind Noise Reduct. Off ShootingTip List – 

### Custom settings Setting Value 1 Zebra Off MF Assist Off Focus Magnif. Time No limit Grid Line Diag + square grid Movie Marker Display Off Movie Marker Settings Center Aspect Safety zone Guide frame Off

Off Off Off

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1157 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value 2 Auto Review Off DISP Button Display all info Peaking Level High Peaking Color Red Exposure Set. Guide Off 3 Live View Display Setting effect ON Disp. Cont. AF Area Off Zoom Setting Optical zoom only Release w/o lens Enable AELw/ shutter Off 4 Selfportrait/

-timer Off Exp. Comp. Set. Ambient only Face Registration – AF Micro Adj. AF Adjustment Set. Clear Off

– 5 Lens Comp. Shading Comp. Chro. Aber. Comp. Distortion Comp. Off

Off Off Custom Key Settings Center Button Change all items to "Not set" EXCEPT Focus Magnifier
MOVIE Button Movie mode only


### Wireless Setting Value Airplane Mode On 

### Application There are no relevant settings set in theApplication menu.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1167 Specifications and Settings



### Playback Setting Value Display Rotation Off 

### Setup Setting Value 1 Monitor Brightness Manual Audio Signals Off Tile Menu Off Delete Confirm. "Cancel" first 2 Power Save Start Time 30 mins PAS/NTSC Selector
– Touch Operation Off HDMI Settings HDMI Resolution HDMI Info. Display CTRL FOR HDMI Auto

Off Off 3 USB Connection Auto USB LUN Setting Multi Language English Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time foryour location and the

format used by your organization. Area Setting Set the correct area foryour location. 4 Format – File Number Series Folder name Date form 5 Version – Setting Reset –

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1177 Specifications and Settings 

## Sony NEX-5 camera settings Menu settings Shoot Mode Setting Value Shoot Mode S (Shutter priority)

1/1000 or above 

### Camera Setting Value Drive Mode Remote Cdr. Flash Mode
– AF/MF Select
– Autofocus Area – Autofocus Mode
– Touch Shutter
– Object Tracking/ Tracking Focus – Zoom – Face Detection Off Face Registration – Smile Shutter Off Auto Port Framing Off Soft Skin Effect Off ShootingTip List – LCD Display Display All Info DISP Button Enablethe following:
l Display All Info

l Big Font Size Disp

l Histogram

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1187 Specifications and Settings



### Image Size Setting Value Image Size L:16M Aspect Ratio 3:2 Quality Fine Movie File Format NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: AVCHD Movie Record Setting NEX 5R: N/A

NEX 5T: 25p 17M (FH) 

### Brightness/Color Setting Value Exposure Compensation ± 0.0 Forthe NIR camera: +1.0with the B+W 040 (orange) filter ISO Auto White Balance Auto WB Forthe NIR camera, use custom brightness/color settings. See Setting brightness/color settings forthe NIR camera, page 64 Metering Mode Multi DRO/Auto HDR D-Range Optimizer Picture Effect Off Creative Style Standard 

### Playback There are no relevant settings set in the Playback menu. 

### Application There are no relevant settings set in theApplication menu. 

### Setup Shooting settings Setting Value AELwith shutter On AF Illuminator Off Live View Display Setting Effect On

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1197 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Auto Review Off Grid Line Off Peaking Level Mid Peaking Color Red Clear Image Zoom Off Digital Zoom Off Self-portrait Self-timer Off MF Assist On MF Assist Time 2 Sec Color Space sRGB Release without Lens Enable Front Curtain Shutter Off Long Exposure NR Off High ISO NR Normal Lens Comp.:Shading Auto Lens Comp.: ChromaticAberation Auto Lens Comp.: Distortion Auto Auto SlowShutter Off Movie Audio Rec. On Wind Noise Reduction On AF Micro Adjustment
– Main settings Setting Value Menu Start NEX 5R: Top NEX 5T: Previous Function Menu Settings – MOVIE Button Off Custom Key Settings – Touch Operation Off Beep Off Language English

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1207 Specifications and Settings

Setting Value Date/Time Setup Set the correct date and time foryour location and the format used by your organization. Area Setting Set the correct area foryour location. Help Guide Display Off Power Save Standard Power Saving Start Time 30 min LCD Brightness Manual Display Color White Wide Image Normal Playback Display Manual Rotate HDMI Resolution Auto CTRLfor HDMI On USB Connection Auto Cleaning Mode
– (Click to clean the sensor.) Version – (Click to see the camera and lens version.) Initialize
– (Click to reset settings.) Memory card tool Setting Value Format – (Click to format a card.) File Number Series Folder Name Date Form New Folder
– (Click to create a folder.) Recover Image DB – (Click to recoverthe image database.) Display Card Space – Click to viewcard space usage.)

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1217 Specifications and Settings

Network settings Setting Value Access Point Settings – Edit Device Name – Display MAC Address
– (Click to viewthe MAC address.) Reset Viewon Smartphone/ SSID/PW Reset – NEX 5R: (Click to reset the remote view.) NEX 5T: (Click to execute smartphone connection SSID and password reset.) Reset Network Settings – (Click to reset the network settings.) Airplane Mode (NEX 5Tonly) On 

# UX5 battery safety The following information has been provided by the manufacturer ofthe UX5 battery. You should familiarize yourselfwith the information in this section so that you know howto look afterthe battery and can take fast, appropriate safety action ifrequired. This section contains the following:

l Hazards identification, page 122

l First aid measures, page 124

l Fire fighting measures, page 125

l Accidental release measures, page 126

l Handling and storage, page 126

l Exposure controls and personal protection, page 127

l Physical and chemical properties, page 127

l Stability and reactivity, page 127

l Toxicological information, page 128

l Disposal considerations, page 128

l Transportation information, page 128 

## Hazards identification Emergency overview

l Do not open or disassemble.

l Do not exposeto fire or open flame.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1227 Specifications and Settings

l Do not mixwith batteries ofvarying sizes, chemistries ortypes.

l Do not puncture, deform incinerate or heat above 85°C (185°F)
. 

### Potential health effects The materials contained in this battery may only represent a hazard ifthe integrity ofthe battery is compromised or ifthe battery is physically or electrically abused. (1) Physical: The Lithium ion polymer rechargeable batteries described in this Material Safety Data Sheet are sealed units which are not hazardous when used according to the recommendations ofthe Manufacturer. Under normal conditions ofuse, the solid electrode materials and liquid electrolytethey contain are non-reactive provided the battery integrity is maintained and seals remain intact. Risk ofexposure is only in case ofabuse (mechanical, thermal, electrical) leading to the activation of safety valves and/orthe rupture ofthe battery containers. Electrolyte leakage, electrode materials reaction with moisture/water or battery vent/explosion/fire may follow, depending upon the circumstances. (2) Chemical: Classification ofdangerous substances contained into the product as per directive 67/548/EEC: Substance Melting point Boiling point Classification CAS no. Chemical

symbol Exposure limit Indication of danger Special

risk (1) Safety advice (2) 473894-38-1 182442-95-1 LiCoO2

LiMnNiCoO2 >1000 °C N/A 0.1mg/m3 as Co 1.0mg/m3 as Ni OSHA R22

R43 S2 S22 S24 S26 S36

EC: 96-49-1 EMC: 623-53-0 Organic

solvents (EC– EMC) EC: 38 °C (100 °F)

EMC: 4 °C (39 °F) EC: 243 °C

(469 °F) EMC: 90 °C (194 °F) None established OSHA Flammable R21 R22

R41 R42/43 S2 S24 S26 S35 S37 S45 21324-40-3 LiPF6 N/A (decomposes at 160 °C (320 °F)) N/A None established OSHA Irritant Corrosive R14

R21 R22 R41 R43 S2 S8 S22 S24 S26 S36 S37 S45 (1)
– Nature ofspecial risks: R14 Reacts with water R21 Harmful in contact with skin R22 Harmful ifswallowed R41 Risk ofserious damageto the eye R42/43 May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1237 Specifications and Settings

R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact (2)
–Safety advice: S2 Keep out ofreach from children S8 Keep away from moisture S22 Do not breathe dust S24 Avoid contact with skin S26 In case ofcontact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty ofwater and seek medical Protective clothing S36 Wear suitable protective clothing S37 Wear suitable gloves 

## First aid measures In case ofbattery rupture or explosion, evacuate personnel from contaminated area and provide maximum ventilation to clear out fumes/gases. In all cases wherefirst aid is applied, seek medical attention. Eye contact

l Flush with plenty ofwater (eyelids held open) for at least 15 minutes. Skin contact

l Remove all contaminated clothing and flush affected areas with plenty ofwater and soap for at least 15 minutes.

l Do not apply greases or ointments. Ingestion

l Dilute by giving plenty ofwater and get immediate medical attention.

l Make surethat the victim does not aspirate vomited material by use ofpositional drainage.

l Make surethat mucus does not obstruct the airway.

l Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Inhalation

l Removeto fresh air and ventilatethe contaminated area.
l Give oxygen or artificial respiration ifneeded.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1247 Specifications and Settings 

## Fire fighting measures Fire and explosion hazard The battery can leak and/or spout vaporized or decomposed and combustible electrolyte fumes in case ofexposure above 70°C (158°F) resulting from inappropriate use orthe environment. Cells or batteries may flame or leak potentially hazardous organicvapors ifexposed to excessive heat orfire. Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products. Damaged or opened cells or batteries can result in rapid heating and the release offlammable vapors. Vapors may be heavierthan air and may travel along the ground or be moved by ventilation to an ignition source and flash back Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products. Use a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus ifbatteries are involved in a fire. Full protective clothing is necessary. During water application, caution is advised as burning pieces of flammable particles may be ejected from the fire. 

### Extinguishing media Suitable: CO2

Dry chemical orfoam extinguishers Not to be used: Type D extinguishers 

### Special exposure hazards Following cell overheating due to external source or due to improper use, electrolyte leakage or battery container rupture may occur and release inner component/material in the environment. Eye contact: The electrolyte solution contained in the battery is irritant to oculartissues. Skin contact: The electrolyte solution contained in the battery causes skin irritation. Ingestion: The ingestion ofelectrolyte solution causes tissue damageto throat and gastro/respiratory tract. Inhalation: Contents ofa leaking or ruptured battery can cause respiratory tract, mucus, membrane irritation and edema. 

### Special protective equipment Use self-contained breathing apparatus to avoid breathing irritant fumes. Wear protective clothing and avoid body contact with electrolyte solution.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1257 Specifications and Settings 

## Accidental release measures The material contained within the batteries would only be expelled under abusive conditions. Using shovel or broom, cover battery or spilled substances with dry sand orvermiculite, place in approved container (after cooling ifnecessary) and dispose in accordance with local regulations. 

## Handling and storage The batteries should not be opened, destroyed or incinerated sincethey may leak or rupture and release in the environment the ingredients they contain. 

### Handling Batteries are designed to be recharged. However, improperly charging a cell or battery may cause the cell or battery to flame. Use only approved chargers and procedures. Never disassemble a battery or bypass any safety device. Do not crush, pierce, short (+) and (-) battery terminals with conductive (i.e. metal) goods. Do not directly heat or solder. Do not throw into fire. Do not mix batteries ofdifferent types and brands. Do not mix newand used batteries. Keep batteries in non conductive (i.e. plastic) trays. 

### Storage Do not store batteries above 60°C (140°F) or below
-20°C (-4°F)
. Store batteries in a cool (below30°C/86°F)), dry area that is subject to littletemperature change. Elevated temperatures can result in reduced battery service life. Battery exposureto temperatures in excess of130°C (266°F) will result in the battery venting flammable liquid and gases. Batteries should be separated from other materials and stored in a noncombustible, well ventilated, sprinkler-protected structure with sufficient clearance between walls and battery stacks. Do not store batteries in a mannerthat allows terminals to short circuit. Extended short-circuiting creates high temperatures in the cell. High temperatures can cause burns in skin or causethe cell to flame. Avoid reversing battery polarity within the battery assembly. To do so may cause cell to flame orto leak. Do not place batteries near heating equipment, nor exposeto direct sunlight for long periods. 

### Other Follow manufacturers recommendations regarding maximum recommended currents and operating temperature range. Applying pressure on deforming the battery may lead to disassembly followed by eye, skin and throat irritation.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1267 Specifications and Settings 

## Exposure controls and personal protection No engineering controls are required for handing batteries that have not been damaged. Respiratory protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

In case ofbattery rupture, use selfcontained full-face respiratory equipment. Hand protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Use gloves ifhandling a leaking or ruptured battery. Eye protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Wear safety goggles orglasses with side shields ifhandling a leaking or ruptured battery. Skin protection: Notnecessary undernormaluse.

Use rubber protective working in case ofhandling ofa ruptured battery. 

## Physical and chemical properties Temperature range: Continuous Occasional In storage +30°C (86°F) max. -20to +60°C (-4to +140°F) During discharge
-20to +60°C (-4to +140°F)

-20to +60°C (-4to +140°F) During charge 0to +45°C (+32to 113°F) 0to +45°C (+32to 113°F) 

## Stability and reactivity Conditions to avoid Heat above 60°C (140°F) or incineration. Deform, mutilate, crush, pierce, disassemble Short circuit Prolonged exposureto humid conditions. 

### Materials to avoid N/A 

### Hazardous decomposition products Fire, excessive heat, or overvoltage conditions may produce hazardous decomposition products.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1277 Specifications and Settings 

## Toxicological information 1. Irritancy: The electrolytes contained in this battery can irritate eyes with any contact. Prolonged contact with the skin or mucous membranes may cause irritation. 2. Sensitization: No information is available at this time. 3. Carcinogenicity: No information is available at this time. 4. Reproductivetoxicity: No information is available at this time. 5. Teratogenicity: No information is available at this time. 6. Mutagenicity: No information is available at this time. 

## Disposal considerations Dispose in accordance with applicable regulations which vary from country to country. (In most countries, the trashing ofused batteries is forbidden and the end-users are invited to disposethem properly, eventually through not-for-profit organizations, mandated by local government or organized on a voluntary basis by professionals). Batteries should be completely discharged priorto disposal and / orthe terminals taped or capped to prevent short circuit. When completely discharged it is not considered hazardous. This product does not contain any materials listed by the United Stated EPAas requiring specific waste disposal requirements. These are exempted from the hazardous waste disposal standards under Universal Waste Regulations. Disposal oflarge quantities ofLithium-lon batteries or cells may be subject to Federal, State, or Local regulations. Consult your local, state and provincial regulations regarding disposal ofthese batteries. 

## Transportation information United Nations UN No.: 3480 Classification: No Individual Lithium-polymer cells and battery packs with respectively not morethan 20Wh (Cell) and 100Wh (Battery) ofwatt-hours are not restricted for transport. (5.0Ah ofNominal Capacity: 5.0Ah x 3.7V= 18.5Wh) 

### Packing Packing Instructions 965 forAirTransport IMDG for Sea Transport 

### International conventions Air IATAYes

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 1287 Specifications and Settings

Sea IMDG Yes Land ADR (road) Yes RID (Rail) Yes 

### Other In the USACode ofFederal Regulations (49 CFR Ch. 1 § 173-185) 

### Special packaging information Cells and batteries must be packed in inner packaging that completely encloses the cell or battery. Cells and batteries must be protected to avoid short circuits. Each package must be capable ofwithstanding a 1.2 m (4ft) drop test in any orientation without: 1. Damageto cells or batteries contained within the packaging; 2. Shifting ofthe contents allowing battery to battery contact; and 3. Release ofcontents. 

### Special shipping information This battery has been tested to Section 38.3 of‘UN Manual ofTests and Criteria’. The amount of Lithium contained in these batteries is belowthe limits set by the DOT in Section 49CFR173 and IATA. These can be shipped with the following label:

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 129Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 130



# A A P P E N D I X



# Country-Specific Regulatory Information

n FAAconditions and limitations of operationA Country-Specific Regulatory Information 

# FAA conditions and limitations of operation The United States ofAmerica Department ofTransportation Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) has granted Exemption No. 11110for operation ofTrimble unmanned aviation systems forthe purpose ofprecision aerial surveys in the United States. Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption. The conditions and limitations ofthis grant ofexemption are as follows: 1. Operations authorized by this grant ofexemption are limited to the following aircraft described in the operator’s manual which is a fixed-wing aircraft weighing less than 6 pounds: Trimble Navigation Limited UX5 UAS. Proposed operations ofany other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this grant. 2. The UA may not be flown at an indicated airspeed exceeding 74.5 knots. 3. The UA must be operated at an altitude ofno morethan 400feet above ground level (AGL), as indicated by the procedures specified in the operator’s manual. All altitudes reported to ATC must be in feet AGL. 4. The UA must be operated within visual line ofsight (VLOS) ofthe Operator at all times. This requires the Operatorto be able to use human vision unaided by any device otherthan corrective lenses, as specified on the Operator’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate. 5. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The VO may be used to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the Operator always maintains VLOS capability. The VO and Operator must be able to communicate verbally at all times. The Operator must be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation forthe duration ofthe flight. The Operator must ensurethat the VO can perform the functions prescribed in the operator’s manual. 6. Provided the additional requirements identified in these conditions and limitations are added or amended, the operator’s manual is considered acceptableto the FAA. The operator’s manual and this grant ofexemption must be maintained and made availableto the Administrator upon request. Ifa discrepancy exists between the conditions and limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operator’s manual, the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. Otherwise, the Operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operator’s manual. The operator may update or revise its operator’s manual. It is the operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised documents to the Administrator upon request. The operator must also present updated and revised documents ifit petitions for an extension or amendment ofthis exemption. Ifthe operator determines that any update or revision would affect the basis upon which the FAAgranted this exemption, then the operator must petition for amendment to its exemption. The FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted ifquestions arise regarding updates or revisions to the operator’s manual. 7. Priorto each flight the operator must inspect the UAS to ensure it is in a condition for safe flight. Ifthe inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation ofthe UAS, the aircraft is prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight. The Ground Control Station must be

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 131A Country-Specific Regulatory Information

included in the preflight inspection. All maintenance and alterations must be properly documented in the aircraft records. 8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation orflight characteristics, e.g. replacement ofa flight critical component, must undergo a functional test flight in accordance with the operator’s manual. The operatorwho conducts the functional test flight must make an entry in the UAS aircraft records ofthe flight. The requirements and procedures for a functional test flight and aircraft record entry must be added to the operator’s manual. 9. The preflight inspection section in the operator’s manual must be amended to includethe following requirement: The preflight inspection must account for all discrepancies, i.e. inoperable components, items, or equipment, not covered in the relevant preflight inspection sections ofthe operator’s manual. 10. The operator must followthe manufacturer’s UAS aircraft/component, maintenance, overhaul, replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements, with particular attention to flight critical components that may not be addressed in the manufacturer’s manuals. 11. Trimble must carry out its maintenance, inspections, and record keeping requirements in accordance with the operator’s manual. Maintenance, inspection, and alterations must be noted in the aircraft logbook, including total flight hours, description ofwork accomplished, and the signature ofthe authorized UX5 technician returning the UX5 to service. 12. UX5 technicians must receive and document training referenced in the operator’s manual. 13. Each UAS operated underthis exemption must comply with all manufacturerSystem and Safety Bulletins. 14. Trimble UX5 maintenance personnel must make a record entry in the UAS logbook or equivalent document ofthe corrective action taken against discrepancies discovered between inspections. 15. The Operator must possess at least a private pilot certificate and a third-class airman medical certificate. The Operator must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 14 CFR 61.56 in an aircraft in which the Operator is rated on his or her pilot certificate. 16. Priorto operating for hire, the operator must have completed Trimble’s five-day UX5Training Syllabus as outlined in the Safety Checklist. TheTraining Manual must also be updated to reflect the specificfive day Training Syllabus presented by Trimble. TheTraining Manual specifies the minimum flight and skill requirements forthe Operator, Instructor and Examiner. Those Manuals and records ofthose requirements must be documented and made available upon request by the Administrator. Those minimum flight requirements are repeated here as conditions and limitations: Operator

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as an operator during theType Rating module

l Minimum 2 flights on the UX5 as visual observer during theType Rating module

l When failed:Minimum 4flights on the UX5 forthe failed part Instructor

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 132A Country-Specific Regulatory Information

l A minimum of25 flights and 4 hours where:

l The flights occurred on 4 different calendar days.

l Two long endurance flights that last nearthe maximum permissible endurance (40 min for operations conducted underthis exemption) or have a minimum duration of 45 min for previously logged flights orflights not conducted underthis exemption (pertheTrimble operation’s manual).

l One flight with a minimum measured wind speed of30 kph (18.64mph). Ifthe wind speed cannot be measured, you can provide prooffrom METAR as close as 25km from the weather station.

l One flight with a minimum programmed leg distance of1 km (ifpossible by CAA regulations, otherwise as long as possible.)

l 11flights with a different selected height where:

l 2 flights are at the minimum height

l 2 flights are at the maximum allowable height Examiner

l 100flights and 20 hours (regardless ofaircraft type) or as approved by a team of examiners. Prior documented flight experiencethat was obtained in compliance with applicable regulations may satisfy this requirement. Training, proficiency, and experience-building flights can also be conducted underthis grant ofexemption to accomplish the required flights and flight time. 17. Ifthe UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property and land or be recovered in accordance with the operator’s manual. 18. The operator must abort the flight in the event ofunpredicted obstacles or emergencies in accordance with the operator’s manual. 19. The operator is prohibited from beginning a UX5 flight unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough powerto fly to the first point ofintended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed, to fly afterthat for at least 10 minutes. 20. The operator must obtain an AirTraffic Organization (ATO) issued Certificate ofWaiver or Authorization (COA) priorto conducting any operations underthis grant ofexemption. This COAwill also requirethe operatorto request a Noticeto Airman (NOTAM) not morethan 72 hours in advance, but not less than 48 hours priorto the operation. 21. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (N-Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be as large as practicable. 22. Before conducting operations, the radio frequency spectrum used for operation and control of the UA must comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or other appropriate government oversight agency requirements. 23. The documents required under 14 CFR 91.9 and 91.203 must be availableto the operator at the Ground Control Station ofthe UAS any timethe aircraft is operating. These documents must be made availableto the Administrator or any lawenforcement official upon request.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 133A Country-Specific Regulatory Information

24. The UA must remain clear and yield the right ofway to all other manned operations and activities at all times (including, but not limited to, ultralight vehicles, parachute activities, parasailing activities, hang gliders, etc.). 25. The UAS may not be operated by the operatorfrom any moving device orvehicle. 26. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR 1.1. 27. All operations shall be conducted in Class G airspace. 28. All operations must be conducted undervisual meteorological conditions (VMC). The UA may not be operated less than 500feet belowor less than 2,000feet horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the operator. 29. During operations in Class G airspace, the UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles ofthe geographic center ofan airport as denoted on a current FAA-published aeronautical chart unless a letter ofagreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the operation is conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the operator’s COA. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made availableto the Administrator upon request. 30. The UA may not be operated over congested or densely populated areas. These areas include but are not limited to the yellowareas depicted on World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), orTerminal Area Charts (TAC). However, aeronautical charts may not reflect pertinent local information. Ultimately, it is the operator's responsibility to maintain the minimum safe altitudes required by § 91.119. 31. Operation ofthe UA must be conducted at least 500feet from all nonparticipating persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures. 32. Operations ofthe UA may be conducted at distances less than 500feet from participating persons, vessels, vehicles or structures that perform an essential function in connection with these special purpose operations. Operations closerthan 500feet from the Operator, VO, operatortrainees and essential persons, are permitted when operationally necessary; but never so close as to present an undue hazard, per § 91.119(a). 33. Operations ofthe UA may be conducted at distances less than 500feet from unoccupied vessels, vehicles or structures owned by the land owner/controllerwhen the land owner/controllergrants such permission and the Operator makes a safety assessment ofthe risk from operations closerto these objects. 34. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with permission from the land owner/controller or authorized representative. Permission from land owner/controller or authorized representative will be obtained for each flight to be conducted. 35. Any incident, accident, orflight operation that transgresses the lateral orvertical boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported to the FAA’s UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov
. Unless otherwise specified in the list ofconditions and limitations above, the unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and operator must comply with all applicable parts ofTitle 14, Code ofRegulations (14 CFR) including, but not limited to, parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

Trimble UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution User Guide 134Glossary 

# Glossary

aerial imaging rover Atype ofunmanned aircraft specifically designed for aerial photogrammetry. aerial photo station An aerial photo station is created each time an aerial photo is taken during a flight. It defines a point and includes rawsensorvalues (orientation and tilt), coordinate data, and an image. aeronautical information publication A manual containing thorough details ofregulations, procedures and other information pertinent to flying aircraft in the particular country to which it relates. It is usually issued by or on behalfof the respective civil aviation administration. AIP See aeronautical information publication
. avoidance zone Avoidance zones are used in the background map to indicate areas that the unmanned aircraft must not fly over, such as airports and forbidden airspace. azimuth Horizontal direction relativeto a defined coordinate system. block Asingle polygonal area that defines the geographical area to be photographed at a defined overlap and GSD during a flight. One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending on the area parameters. CAA Civil Aviation Authority. CORS Continuously Operating Reference Station. The CORS network is a network ofbase stations at a known fixed location. Each base station continuously collects and records GPS observation data. There exist many CORS networks overthe world, some ofthem denserthan others. The reference data from a CORS station is accessible via the Internet. cross wind Awind that blows from a sideways direction. elevon The movable flap on the back edge ofeach wing. The elevons move up and down to create uneven lift, which controls the aircraft's rolling and banking movement. flight The motion ofthe aircraft through the earth's atmosphere. The main part ofthe flight records aerial photo station images ofone or more blocks. One flight can stretch over multiple blocks, depending on the area parameters.

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flight plan Aset ofparameters that defines the properflight path the rover must followduring a single flight. Parameters includethe desired altitude ofthe side image overlap. flight strategy Pre-defined sequence offlight lines that can be set per block. GCP See ground control point
. GCS See ground control station
. georeference The act ofpositioning an object at its true location (using two or more coordinates) in 2D or 3D space. Georeferencing is used, for example, to position an aerial photograph accurately in relation to other objects in a project. georeferenced image A photo taken from a ground- or aerial-based station that includes overlaid point coordinate data. See also georeference
. ground control point An accurately surveyed coordinate location for a physical featurethat can be identified on the ground and is used to georeference images. ground control station The ground control station (GCS) is used to control the roverfrom the ground. It comprises the TrimbleTablet running theTrimble Aerial Imaging software. A modem is connected to theTablet to enable radio communication to the aerial imaging rover. Although the roverflies following a preprogrammed flight plan, you need the GCS to managethe rover before, during, and afterthe flight. ground sample distance In the Aerial Imaging software, the ground sample distance (GSD) is the distance on the ground represented by each pixel. The GSD and the height at which the aircraft flies are linked. The higher the roverflies, the largerthe distance on the ground represented by each pixel in the images acquired during the flight. GSD See ground sample distance
. head wind Awind that blows from the direction that the aircraft is flying toward. height The height abovethe ground that the roverflies. The rover does not begin taking photographs until it reaches the height specified forthe flight. IATA International AirTransport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Authority

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launch The process ofreleasing the roverfrom the launcher. Launch immediately preceeds takeoff. launch dock The platform that rests on the launcher. The rover sits on the launch dock. The launch dock moves forward along the launcher at speed when the rover is launched. launcher The launcher is a mechanical devicethat provides a safe way to launch the rover in the direction of takeoff. METAR A routine aviation weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly intervals. It is a description ofthe meteorological elements observed at an airport at a specifictime. NOTAM A notice filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots and remote operators ofpotential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety ofthe flight. The term NOTAM is commonly used ratherthan the more formal term Noticeto Airmen. photogrammetry The use ofphotography in surveying and mapping to make measurements between objects. pitot tube The sensor used by the aircraft to detect airspeed. It must be kept clean and free ofobstructions to operate correctly. reference plane A known and constant surface which is used to describethe location ofunknown points on the earth. Since reference datums can have different radii and different center points, a specific point on the earth can have substantially different coordinates depending on the datum used to make the measurement. remotely-operated Control ofan aircraft from a ground control station. remotely-operated aircraft An aircraft wherethe operator is not on board the aircraft. This is a subcategory ofunmanned aircraft. observer A remote crew memberwho, by visual observation ofthe remotely-operated aircraft, assists the operator in the safe conduct ofthe flight. scan area A polygonal area on the earth's surface where aerial images are recorded. segregated airspace Airspace ofspecified dimensions allocated for exclusive use to a specific user(s). TAF See terminal aerodrome forecast
. tail wind Awind that blows from the opposite direction to the direction that the aircraft is flying toward.

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takeoff The initial ascent ofthe unmanned aircraft. Takeoffimmediately follows launch. telemetry The science, and associated technology, ofthe automatic recording and transmission ofdata from a remote sourceto a receiving station for analysis. terminal aerodrome forecast Aterminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a concise statement ofthe expected meteorological conditions at an airport during a specified period (usually 24 or 30 hours). tie point A point in a digital image or aerial photograph that represents the same location in an adjacent image or aerial photograph. Tie points are used to correctly orient aerial photo stations to each other and referencethem to the ground based on autonomous GNSS positions recorded when the photo images are taken. tracker The tracker consists ofa transmitter inserted in the body ofthe unmanned aircraft and a receiver. If required, the receiver is used to track the transmitter signal so the unmanned aircraft can be located once it has landed. UA See unmanned aircraft
. UAS See unmanned aircraft system. unmanned aircraft An aircraft which is intended to operate remotely. See also unmanned aircraft system (UAS). unmanned aircraft system An aircraft and its associated elements which are operated remotely. visual line-of-sight operation An operation in which the operator maintains direct visual contact with the aircraft to manage its flight. waypoint Awaypoint is a point between major points on a route, as along a track. In terms ofthe Aerial Imaging software, a waypoint is located at the beginning and end ofeach flight line in the scan area. winglet The extreme edge ofthe wing.

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