UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 FORM 10-Q
 (MARK ONE)
 R
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JULY 31, 2009OR£
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIESEXCHANGE ACT OF 1934FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM  TO
 
 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 000-25674
 
 SKILLSOFT PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
 (EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
 
 Republic of Ireland
None(State or Other Jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. EmployerIncorporation or Organization)
Identification No.)107 Northeastern Boulevard
03062Nashua, New Hampshire
(Zip Code)(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (603) 324-3000
 
 Not Applicable
 (Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)
 
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 Yes R No £
 
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was require to submit and post such
files).
 Yes £ No £
 
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 Large accelerated filer R
Accelerated filer £Non-accelerated filer £
Smaller reporting company £(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  £ No R
 
 On September 4, 2009, the registrant had outstanding 95,362,595Ordinary Shares (issued or issuable in exchange for the registrant’s outstanding American Depositary Shares).
  
 
 SKILLSOFT PLC
 
 FORM 10-Q
 FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JULY 31, 2009
 INDEX
 
 PAGE NO.PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
3Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
3Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2009 and January 31, 2009
3Condensed Consolidated Income Statements for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2009 and 2008
4Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended July 31, 2009 and 2008
5Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
19Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
30Item 4. Controls and Procedures
31PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
31Item 1. Legal Proceedings
31Item 1A. Risk Factors
31Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
40Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
41Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
41Item 5. Other Information
41Item 6. Exhibits
41SIGNATURE
42EXHIBIT INDEX
43EX-10.2 2001 Outside Director Option Plan, as amendedEX-31.1 Certification of SkillSoft PLC's Chief Executive Officer, Section 302EX-31.2 Certification of SkillSoft PLC's Chief Financial Officer, Section 302EX-32.1 Certification of SkillSoft PLC's Chief Executive Officer, Section 906EX-32.2 Certification of SkillSoft PLC's Chief Financial Officer, Section 906
  2
 Table of Contents
  PART I
 
 ITEM 1. — UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 SKILLSOFT PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
 
 JULY 31,
2009
(Unaudited)


JANUARY 31,
2009ASSETSCurrent assets:Cash and cash equivalents

$
63,510


$
37,853Short-term investments


4,265



1,099Restricted cash


3,907



3,790Accounts receivable, net


62,930



146,362Prepaid expenses and other current assets


15,897



18,286Deferred tax assets


31,976



26,444Total current assets


182,485



233,834Property and equipment, net


6,522



7,661Intangible assets, net


8,836



13,472Goodwill


238,550



238,550Deferred tax assets


61,862



78,223Other assets


7,809



3,360Total assets

$
506,064


$
575,100LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITYCurrent liabilities:Current maturities of long term debt

$
968


$
1,253Accounts payable


1,636



5,648Accrued compensation


10,101



13,513Accrued expenses


16,179



23,760Deferred revenue


155,245



201,518Total current liabilities


184,129



245,692Long term debt


93,856



122,131Other long term liabilities


3,168



3,221Total long term liabilities


97,024



125,352Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)Shareholders’ equity:Ordinary shares, €0.11 par value: 250,000,000 shares authorized; 95,924,298 and 98,892,249 shares issued at July 31, 2009 and January 31, 2009, respectively


10,150



10,600Additional paid-in capital


490,570



509,177Treasury stock, at cost, 174,200 and 830,802 ordinary shares at July 31, 2009 and January 31, 2009, respectively


(1,398
)


(5,317
)Accumulated deficit


(274,924
)


(310,874
)Accumulated other comprehensive income


513



470Total shareholders’ equity


224,911



204,056Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$
506,064


$
575,100
 
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 3
 Table of Contents
 SKILLSOFT PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
 (UNAUDITED, IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Revenue

$
78,926


$
83,332


$
155,365


$
164,975Cost of revenue (1)


7,524



9,830



14,997



18,639Cost of revenue – amortization of intangible assets


32



1,740



64



3,480Gross profit


71,370



71,762



140,304



142,856Operating expenses:Research and development (1)


9,706



12,519



18,704



25,998Selling and marketing (1)


24,387



26,099



46,798



55,798General and administrative (1)


9,400



9,433



17,157



18,324Amortization of intangible assets


2,117



2,741



4,572



5,737Merger and integration related expenses


-



240



-



761Restructuring


4



-



56



-SEC investigation


-



(13
)


-



49Total operating expenses


45,614



51,019



87,287



106,667Operating income


25,756



20,743



53,017



36,189Other (expense) income, net


(605
)


6



(1,223
)


(397
)Interest income


68



575



138



1,192Interest expense


(2,032
)


(3,664
)


(4,477
)


(7,650
)Income before provision for income taxes from continuing operations


23,187



17,660



47,455



29,334Provision for income taxes


6,016



6,845



11,505



11,352Income from continuing operations


17,171



10,815



35,950



17,982Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense of $1.4 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2008


-



2,067



-



1,974Net income

$
17,171


$
12,882


$
35,950


$
19,956Net income per share (Note 9):Basic – continuing operations

$
0.18


$
0.10


$
0.37


$
0.17Basic – discontinued operations

$
0.00


$
0.02


$
0.00


$
0.02$
0.18


$
0.12


$
0.37


$
0.19Basic weighted average shares outstanding


96,395,118



104,877,548



97,056,558



105,081,727Diluted – continuing operations

$
0.17


$
0.10


$
0.36


$
0.16Diluted – discontinued operations

$
0.00


$
0.02


$
0.00


$
0.02$
0.17


$
0.12


$
0.36


$
0.18Diluted weighted average shares outstanding


98,381,904



108,712,224



98,622,364



109,231,394
 ____________
 (1)
Share-based compensation included in cost of revenue and operating expenses:
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Cost of revenue

$
28


$
67


$
49


$
111Research and development


247



231



516



468Selling and marketing


604



444



1,239



1,022General and administrative


711



736



1,407



1,481
 
  The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 4
 Table of Contents
  SKILLSOFT PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 (UNAUDITED, IN THOUSANDS)
 
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008Cash flows from operating activities:Net income

$
35,950


$
19,956Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Share-based compensation


3,211



3,082Depreciation and amortization


2,598



2,862Amortization of intangible assets


4,636



9,217Provision for bad debts


529



48Provision for income tax — non-cash


6,646



9,386Gain on sale of discontinued operations


-



(3,386
)Non-cash interest expense


576



636Tax benefit related to exercise of non-qualified stock options


(22
)


(673
)Changes in current assets and liabilities:Accounts receivable


85,900



88,805Prepaid expenses and other current assets


2,769



(965
)Accounts payable


(4,039
)


1,091Accrued expenses, including long-term


(12,005
)


(17,400
)Deferred revenue


(51,980
)


(52,959
)Net cash provided by operating activities


74,769



59,700Cash flows from investing activities:Purchases of property and equipment


(1,432
)


(2,687
)Cash paid for business acquisitions


-



(250
)Purchases of investments


(5,512
)


(9,745
)Maturity of investments


2,350



15,237(Increase) decrease in restricted cash, net


(117
)


5Cash received from sale of discontinued operations


-



6,903Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities


(4,711
)


9,463Cash flows from financing activities:Exercise of share options


361



7,769Proceeds from employee share purchase plan


1,164



2,012Principal payments on long term debt


(28,560
)


(54,940
)Acquisition of treasury stock


(19,896
)


(27,171
)Tax benefit related to exercise of non-qualified stock options


22



673Net cash used in financing activities


(46,909
)


(71,657
)Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents


2,508



304Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents


25,657



(2,190
)Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period


37,853



76,059Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

$
63,510


$
73,869
 
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 5
 Table of Contents
  SKILLSOFT PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
 NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 (UNAUDITED)
 
 1. THE COMPANY
 
 SkillSoft PLC (the Company or SkillSoft) was incorporated in Ireland on August 8, 1989. The Company is a leading Software as a Service (SaaS) provider of on-demand e-learning and performance support solutions for global enterprises, government, education and small to medium-sized businesses. SkillSoft helps companies to maximize business
performance through a combination of content, online information resources, flexible technologies and support services. SkillSoft is the surviving corporation in a merger between SmartForce PLC and SkillSoft Corporation on September 6, 2002 (the SmartForce Merger). References in this Form 10-Q to our fiscal year refer to the fiscal year ended January 31 of that year (e.g., fiscal 2010 is the fiscal year ended January 31, 2010).
 
 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
 
 The accompanying, unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all material adjustments (consisting only of those of a normal and recurring nature) which are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company as of July 31, 2009 and the results of its operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008. These condensed consolidated
financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2009. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year. Certain presentational changes have been made to the prior year condensed consolidated statements of cash flows related to discontinued
operations to conform with the current year presentation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year condensed consolidated income statements between interest expense and other expense, net to conform with the current year presentation.
 
 3. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH AND INVESTMENTS
 
 The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. At July 31, 2009, cash equivalents consisted mainly of high-grade commercial paper, corporate bonds and federal agency notes. At January 31, 2009, cash equivalents consisted mainly of commercial
paper and federal agency notes.
 
 At July 31, 2009, the Company had approximately $3.9 million of restricted cash; approximately $2.7 million is held voluntarily to defend named former executives and board members of SmartForce PLC for actions arising out of an SEC investigation and litigation related to the 2002 securities class action and approximately $1.2 million is
held in certificates-of-deposits with a commercial bank pursuant to terms of certain facilities lease agreements.
 
 The Company accounts for certain investments in high-grade commercial paper, corporate bonds, certificates-of-deposit and federal agency notes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”
(SFAS 115). Under SFAS 115, securities that the Company does not intend to hold to maturity or for trading purposes are reported at market value, and are classified as available for sale. At July 31, 2009, the Company’s investments were classified as available for sale and had an average maturity of approximately 63 days.
  6
 Table of Contents
  Cash and cash equivalents and available for sale short-term investments as of July 31, 2009 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 Description

Contracted Maturity

Cost


Gross Unrealized Gains


Gross Unrealized Losses


Fair ValueCash and cash equivalents:Cash

N/A

$
61,674


$
-


$
-


$
61,674Commercial paper

0-3 months


950



-



-



950Federal agency notes

0-3 months


350



-



-



350Corporate bonds

0-3 months


536



-



-



536$
63,510


$
-


$
-


$
63,510Short-term investments:Commercial paper

4-12 months

$
1,416


$
-


$
-


$
1,416Federal agency notes

4-12 months


699



-



-



699Corporate bonds

4-12 months


450



-



-



450Treasury bills

4-12 months


1,299



1



-



1,300Certificates of deposit

4-12 months


400



-



-



400$
4,264


$
1


$
-


$
4,265
 
 Realized gains and losses and declines in value determined to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in investment income. Gross realized gains and losses for the six months ended July 31 2009 were nominal. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on
securities classified as available-for-sale are included in other income.
 
 4. REVENUE RECOGNITION
 
 The Company generates revenue primarily from the license of its products, the provision of professional services and from the provision of hosting/application service provider (ASP) services.
 
 The Company follows the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition,” as amended by SOP 98-4 and SOP 98-9, as well as Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 00-21, “Revenue
Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 104 (SAB 104), “Revenue Recognition,” to account for revenue derived pursuant to license agreements under which customers license the Company’s products and services. The pricing for the Company’s courses varies based upon the content offering selected by a customer, the number of users within the customer’s organization and the
term of the license agreement (generally one, two or three years). License agreements permit customers to exchange course titles, generally on the contract anniversary date. Hosting services are sold separately for an additional fee. A license can provide customers access to a range of learning products including courseware, Referenceware®, simulations, mentoring and prescriptive assessment.
 
 The Company offers discounts from its ordinary pricing, and purchasers of licenses for a larger number of courses, larger user bases or longer periods of time generally receive discounts. Generally, customers may amend their license agreements, for an additional fee, to gain access to additional courses or product lines and/or to increase
the size of the user base. The Company also derives revenue from hosting fees for clients that use its solutions on an ASP basis and from the provision of professional services. In selected circumstances, the Company derives revenue on a pay-for-use basis under which some customers are charged based on the number of courses accessed by its users.
  7
 Table of Contents
  The Company recognizes revenue ratably over the license period if the number of courses that a customer has access to is not clearly defined, available, or selected at the inception of the contract, or if the contract has additional undelivered elements for which the Company does not have vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) of the
fair value of the various elements. This may occur if the customer does not specify all licensed courses at the outset, the customer chooses to wait for future licensed courses on a when and if available basis, the customer is given exchange privileges that are exercisable other than on the contract anniversaries, or the customer licenses all courses currently available and to be developed during the term of the arrangement. Revenue from nearly all of the Company’s contractual arrangements is recognized
on a subscription or straight-line basis over the contractual period of service.
 
 The Company also derives revenue from extranet hosting/ASP services, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period the services are provided. Upfront fees are recorded as revenue over the contract period.
 
 The Company generally bills the annual license fee for the first year of a multi-year license agreement in advance and license fees for subsequent years of multi-year license arrangements are billed on the anniversary date of the agreement. Occasionally, the Company bills customers on a quarterly basis. In some circumstances, the Company
offers payment terms of up to six months from the initial shipment date or anniversary date for multi-year license agreements to its customers. To the extent that a customer is given extended payment terms (defined by the Company as greater than six months), revenue is recognized as payments become due, assuming all of the other elements of revenue recognition have been satisfied.
 
 The Company typically recognizes revenue from resellers when both the sale to the end user has occurred and the collectibility of cash from the reseller is probable. With respect to reseller agreements with minimum commitments, the Company recognizes revenue related to the portion of the minimum commitment that exceeds the end user sales
at the expiration of the commitment period provided the Company has received payment. If a definitive service period can be determined, revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the minimum commitment period, provided that payment has been received or collectibility is probable.
 
 The Company provides professional services, including instructor led training, customized content development, website development/hosting and implementation services. If the Company determines that the professional services are not separable from an existing customer arrangement, revenue from these services is recognized over the existing
contractual terms with the customer; otherwise the Company typically recognizes professional service revenue as the services are performed.
 
 The Company records reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses in both revenue and as a direct cost of revenue, as applicable, in accordance with EITF Issue No. 01-14, “Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursements Received for “Out-of-Pocket” Expenses Incurred”.
 
 The Company records revenue net of applicable sales tax collected. Taxes collected from customers are recorded as part of accrued expenses on the balance sheet and are remitted to state and local taxing jurisdictions based on the filing requirements of each jurisdiction.
 
 The Company records as deferred revenue amounts that have been billed in advance for products or services to be provided. Deferred revenue includes the unamortized portion of revenue associated with license fees for which the Company has received payment or for which amounts have been billed and are due for payment in 90 days or less for
resellers and 180 days or less for direct customers.
 
 SkillSoft contracts often include an uptime guarantee for solutions hosted on the Company’s servers whereby customers may be entitled to credits in the event of non-performance. The Company also retains the right to remedy any nonperformance event prior to issuance of any credit. Historically, the Company has not incurred substantial
costs relating to this guarantee and the Company currently accrues for such costs as they are incurred. The Company reviews these costs on a regular basis as actual experience and other information becomes available; and should these costs become substantial, the Company would accrue an estimated exposure and consider the potential related effects of the timing of recording revenue on its license arrangements. The Company has not accrued any costs related to these warranties in the accompanying condensed consolidated
financial statements.
  8
 Table of Contents
  5. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 (a)           ADS Repurchase Program
  On April 8, 2008, the Company’s shareholders approved a program for the repurchase by the Company of up to an aggregate of 10,000,000 ADSs. On September 24, 2008, the Company’s shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be repurchased under the program to 25,000,000 and an extension of the repurchase
program until March 23, 2010. As of July 31, 2009, 11,277,508 shares remain available for repurchase, subject to certain limitations, under the shareholder approved repurchase program.
  During the six months ended July 31, 2009, the Company repurchased a total of 2,625,177 shares for a total purchase price, including commissions, of $19.9 million. The Company retired 3,281,779 shares during the six months ended July 31, 2009, including 830,802 shares repurchased in the prior fiscal year. As of July 31, 2009, 174,200 of
the repurchased shares had not yet been retired or canceled and were held as treasury shares at cost. The Company intends to retire these shares in the near future.
 
 (b)           Share Based Compensation
  The Company has two share-based compensation plans under which employees, officers, directors and consultants may be granted options to purchase the Company’s ordinary shares, generally at the market price on the date of grant. The options become exercisable over various periods, typically four years (and typically one or three years
in the case of directors), and have a maximum term of ten years. As of July 31, 2009, 2,039,826 ordinary shares remain available for future grant under the Company’s share option plans. Please see Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2009 for a detailed description of the Company’s share option plans.
 
 A summary of share option activity under the Company’s plans during the six months ended July 31, 2009 is as follows:
 
 Share Options

Shares


Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)


Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)Outstanding, January 31, 2009


13,024,156


$
7.54Granted


60,000



4.17Exercised


(109,167
)


3.31Forfeited


(32,917
)


3.94Expired


(333,390
)


14.96Outstanding, July 31, 2009


12,608,682


$
7.37



3.55


$
30,470Exercisable, July 31, 2009


10,254,605


$
7.73



3.36


$
23,851Vested and Expected to Vest, July 31, 2009 (1)


12,326,377


$
7.42



3.54


$
29,474
 ____________
 
 (1)
Represents the number of vested options as of July 31, 2009 plus the number of unvested options as of July 31, 2009 that are expected to vest, adjusted for an estimated forfeiture rate of 15.4%. The Company recognizes expense incurred under SFAS No. 123(R) on a straight line basis. Due to the Company’s vesting schedule, expense is incurred on options that have not yet vested but which are expected to vest in
a future period. The options for which expense has been incurred but have not yet vested are included above as options expected to vest.
 
 The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the closing price of the shares and the exercise price of each in-the-money option) that would have been realized by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on July 31, 2009.
  9
 Table of Contents
  The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 was approximately $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted as calculated by Black-Scholes option pricing model during the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008 was $3.19
and $3.84 per share, respectively.
 
 6. SPECIAL CHARGES
 
 MERGER AND EXIT COSTS
 
 (a)     Merger and Exit Costs Recognized as Liabilities in Purchase Accounting
 
 The Company’s merger and exit liabilities, which include previous merger and acquisition transactions, are recorded in accrued expenses (see Note 13) and long-term liabilities. Activity in the six month period ended July 31, 2009 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 CLOSEDOWN OF
FACILITIES


OTHER


TOTALMerger and exit accrual January 31, 2009

$
1,594


$
77


$
1,671Payments made


(845
)


11



(834
)Adjustment to provision for merger and exit costs in connection with the SmartForce Merger


(381
)


-



(381
)Merger and exit accrual July 31, 2009

$
368


$
88


$
456
 
 The Company anticipates that the remainder of the merger and exit accrual will be paid by October 2011 as follows (in thousands):
 
 Year Ended January 31, 2010 (remaining 6 months)

$
93Year Ended January 31, 2011


363Total

$
456
 
 In accordance with SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” the costs of continued employment of certain former employees of NETg (which the Company acquired in May 2007), during the transition period are being expensed as incurred
and are included in merger and integration related expenses in the accompanying statements of income.
 
 (b)           Discontinued Operations
 
 In connection with the NETg acquisition, the Company discontinued four businesses acquired from NETg.
 
 Discontinued operations did not affect our results of operations during the three or six months ended July 31, 2009. Summarized results of operations for discontinued operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
 
 THREE MONTHS
ENDED
JULY 31,2008


SIX MONTHS
ENDED
JULY 31,2008Revenue from discontinued operations

$
107


$
288Gain from discontinued operations before income taxes


3,459



3,305Income tax


1,392



1,331Gain from discontinued operations

$
2,067


$
1,974
 
  10
 Table of Contents
  The income from discontinued operations before income tax for the six months ended July 31, 2008 consisted primarily of a $3.4 million gain resulting from proceeds received from the Company’s sale of the assets related to the NETg Press business in October 2007, which was partially offset by a $0.1 million loss from discontinued operations.
 
 (c)           Restructuring
 
 On January 19, 2009, the Company committed to a reduction in force with respect to a total of approximately 120 employees in the United States, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The decision was based on a review of various cost savings initiatives undertaken in connection with the development of the Company’s budget and operating
plan for fiscal 2010. The Company also recorded a $56,000 restructuring charge in the six months ended July, 31 2009, which is included in the statement of income as restructuring, and is primarily related to a further reduction in force of 6 employees in its Australia office, which was communicated on March 4, 2009. Substantially all of this charge represents the severance cost for the terminated employees.
 
 Activity in the Company’s restructuring accrual was as follows (in thousands):
 
 Restructuring accrual as of January 31, 2009

$
1,112Payments made


(1,161
)Restructuring charges incurred


56Restructuring accrual as of July 31, 2009

$
7
 
 The Company anticipates that the remainder of the restructuring accrual will be paid out in fiscal 2010.
 
 7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
 Intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):
 
 JULY 31, 2009


JANUARY 31, 2009GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT


ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION


NET
CARRYING
AMOUNT


GROSS
CARRYING
AMOUNT


ACCUMULATED
AMORTIZATION


NET
CARRYING
AMOUNTInternally developed software/ courseware

$
38,717


$
38,526


$
191


$
38,717


$
38,462


$
255Customer contracts


36,848



29,793



7,055



36,848



26,938



9,910Non-compete agreement


6,900



6,210



690



6,900



4,830



2,070Trademarks and trade names


2,725



2,725



—



2,725



2,388



337Books 24X7 trademark


900



—



900



900



—



900$
86,090


$
77,254


$
8,836


$
86,090


$
72,618


$
13,472
 
 Trademarks of $0.9 million relating to the Company’s Books24X7 subsidiary are considered indefinite-lived and accordingly no amortization expense is recorded.
 
 There was no change in goodwill at July 31, 2009 from the amount recorded at January 31, 2009.
 
 The Company will be conducting its annual impairment test of goodwill for fiscal 2010 in the fourth quarter. There were no indicators of impairment in the second quarter of fiscal 2010.
  11
 Table of Contents
  8. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” requires disclosure of all components of comprehensive income on an annual and interim basis. Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period resulting from transactions, other
events and circumstances related to non-owner sources. Comprehensive income for the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008 was as follows (in thousands):
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Comprehensive income:Net income

$
17,171


$
12,882


$
35,950


$
19,956Other comprehensive (loss) income — Foreign currency adjustment, net of tax


(535
)


(95
)


(615
)


296Change in fair value of interest rate hedge, net of tax


281



524



658



895Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities


-



(9
)


-



(24
)Comprehensive income

$
16,917


$
13,302


$
35,993


$
21,123
 
 9. NET INCOME PER SHARE
 
 Basic net income per share was computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share was computed by giving effect to all dilutive potential shares outstanding. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used to compute basic net income per share and diluted net income per
share was as follows:
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Basic weighted average shares outstanding


96,395,118



104,877,548



97,056,558



105,081,727Effect of dilutive shares outstanding


1,986,786



3,834,676



1,565,806



4,149,667Weighted average shares outstanding, as adjusted


98,381,904



108,712,224



98,622,364



109,231,394
 
 The following share equivalents have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively, as they would be anti-dilutive:
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Options to purchase shares excluded


3,077,668



2,944,977



7,616,543



2,951,235
 
 10. INCOME TAXES
 
 The Company operates as a holding company with operating subsidiaries in several countries, and each subsidiary is taxed based on the laws of the jurisdiction in which it operates.
 
 The Company has significant net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards, some of which are subject to potential limitations based upon the change in control provisions of Section 382 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.
  12
 Table of Contents
  For the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, the Company’s effective tax rates were 24.2% and 38.7%, respectively. The decrease in the current year effective tax rate is primarily due to a change in the geographical distribution of worldwide earnings as a result of the business realignment strategy that took place at the beginning
of fiscal 2010. For the six months ended July 31, 2009, the provision for income taxes consisted of a cash tax provision of $4.9 million and a non-cash tax provision of $6.6 million. Included in the non-cash tax provision of $6.6 million is a benefit of approximately $0.4 million due to an adjustment made to the Company’s foreign based tax accruals and a $0.5 million provision related to uncertain tax return positions. For the six months ended July 31, 2008, the provision for income taxes of $11.4 million
consisted of a cash tax provision of $2.0 million and a non-cash tax provision of $9.4 million.
 
 In accordance with FIN No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” at July 31, 2009, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties totaled $3.5 million, all of which, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective
tax rate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of July 31, 2009, the Company had approximately $0.7 million of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions.
 
 In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by taxing authorities in such major jurisdictions as Ireland, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Canada and the U.S. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S based income tax examinations
for years before fiscal 2004.
 
 11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
 In January 2007, the Boston District Office of the SEC informed the Company that it is the subject of an informal investigation concerning option granting practices at SmartForce for the period beginning April 12, 1996 through July 12, 2002 (the Option Granting Investigation). These grants were made prior to the September 6, 2002 merger
with SmartForce PLC. The Company has produced documents in response to requests from the SEC. The SEC staff has informed the Company that the staff has not determined whether to close the Option Granting Investigation.
 
 The Company believes that it accounted for SmartForce stock option grants properly in the merger, and believes that as a result of the merger accounting the Company’s financial statements are not going to change even if the SEC concludes that SmartForce did not properly account for its pre-merger option grants. When SkillSoft Corporation
and SmartForce merged on September 6, 2002, SkillSoft Corporation was for accounting purposes deemed to have acquired SmartForce. Accordingly, the pre-merger financial statements of SmartForce are not included in the historical financial statements of the Company, and the Company’s financial statements include results from what had been the business of SmartForce only from the date of the merger.
  Under applicable accounting rules, the Company valued all of the outstanding SmartForce stock options assumed in the merger at fair value upon consummation of the merger.
 
 Accordingly, the Company believes that its accounting for SmartForce stock options will not be affected by any error that SmartForce may have made in its own accounting for stock option grants and that that the Option Granting Investigation should not require any change in the Company’s financial statements.
 
 The Company has cooperated with the SEC in the Option Granting Investigation. At the present time, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the Option Granting Investigation or its potential impact on its operating results or financial position.
 
 From time to time, the Company is a party to or may be threatened with other litigation in the ordinary course of its business. The Company regularly analyzes current information, including, as applicable, the Company’s defenses and insurance coverage and, as necessary, provides accruals for probable and estimable liabilities for
the eventual disposition of these matters. The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings.
  13
 Table of Contents
  12. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUE
 
 The Company attributes revenue to different geographical areas on the basis of the location of the customer. Revenue by geographical area for the three and six month periods ended July 31, 2009 and 2008 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,


SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,2009


2008


2009


2008Revenue:United States

$
60,040


$
60,756


$
118,752


$
119,809United Kingdom


8,986



11,790



17,574



23,622Canada


3,047



3,292



5,740



6,784Europe, excluding United Kingdom


2,182



1,842



4,286



3,680Australia/New Zealand


3,114



4,080



5,865



7,963Other


1,557



1,572



3,148



3,117Total revenue

$
78,926


$
83,332


$
155,365


$
164,975
 
 Long-lived tangible assets at international locations are not significant.
 
 13. ACCRUED EXPENSES
 
 Accrued expenses in the accompanying condensed combined balance sheets consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 JULY 31,
2009


JANUARY 31,
2009Professional fees

$
2,945


$
4,237Sales tax payable/VAT payable


1,159



3,806Accrued royalties


1,600



1,650Interest rate swap liability


485



1,581Accrued tax


2,010



854Other accrued liabilities


7,980



11,632Total accrued expenses

$
16,179


$
23,760
 
 14. OTHER ASSETS
 
 Other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets consist of the following (in thousands):
 
 JULY 31,
2009


JANUARY 31,
2009Debt financing cost – long term (See Note 17)

$
2,659


$
3,211Deferred charge


4,943



-Other


207



149Total other assets

$
7,809


$
3,360
 
  14
 Table of Contents
  15. OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES
  Other long term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets consist of the following (in thousands):
 
 JULY 31,
2009


JANUARY 31,
2009Merger accrual – long term

$
198


$
1,189Uncertain tax positions including interest and penalties – long term


2,486



1,714Other


484



318Total other long-term liabilities

$
3,168


$
3,221
 
 16. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
 Financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instrument contracts, investments, restricted cash, accounts receivable and debt. The Company determines fair value for short-term investments based on quoted market values. The carrying amount of accounts receivable is net of an allowance for doubtful
accounts, which is based on historical collections and known credit risks. The Company believes the fair value of its variable rate debt approximates its carrying value based on comparable market terms and conditions.
 
 In connection with the acquisition of NETg, the Company entered into an interest rate swap contract that is carried at fair value related to debt assumed in connection with the acquisition.
 
 See Note 18 for further discussion.
 
 The following table summarizes the Company’s fair value hierarchy in accordance with SFAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of July 31, 2009 (in thousands):
 
 July 31, 2009


Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Level 1


Significant Other Observable
Inputs
Level 2


Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3Financial Assets:Cash equivalents (1)

$
1,836


$
1,486


$
350


$
-Available for sale securities (2)

$
4,265


$
2,266


$
1,999


$
-Financial Liabilities:Interest rate swap agreement (Note 18)

$
485


$
-


$
485


$
-
 ____________
 (1) Consists of high-grade commercial paper, federal agency notes and corporate bonds with original and remaining maturities of less than 90 days.
 
 (2) Consists of high-grade commercial paper, agency discount notes, corporate bonds, certificates of deposit and treasury bills with original maturities of 90 days or more and remaining maturities of less than 365 days.
 
 17. CREDIT FACILITIES
 
 The Company has an agreement (the Credit Agreement), as amended, with certain lenders (the Lenders) providing for a $225 million senior secured credit facility comprised of a $200 million term loan facility and a $25 million revolving credit facility. The term loan was used to finance the NETg acquisition and the revolving credit facility
may be used for general corporate purposes. There are no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
  15
 Table of Contents
  The term loan bears interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s election, (i) a base rate (3.25% at July 31, 2009) plus a margin of 2.50% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR (0.60% at July 31, 2009) plus a margin of 3.50%. The Company is required to maintain
certain financial covenants under the credit facility. The Company is in compliance with these covenants at July 31, 2009 and has been since the inception of the term loan.
 In connection with the Credit Agreement and the amendment, the Company incurred debt financing costs of $6.2 million which were capitalized and are being amortized as additional interest expense over the term of the loans using the effective-interest method. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2009, the Company paid approximately $1.3 million and $2.9 million, respectively, in interest. The Company recorded $0.3 million
and $0.4 million of amortized interest expense related to the capitalized debt financing costs for the three months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Company recorded $0.6 million of amortized interest expense related to the capitalized debt financing costs for both the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008. As of July 31, 2009, total unamortized debt financing costs of $1.0 million and $2.7 million are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets and non-current other assets, respectively,
based on scheduled future amortization.
 
 During the three and six months ended July 31, 2009, the Company paid $10.3 million and $28.6 million, respectively, against the term loan amount. As a result, the balance outstanding under the term loan was $94.8 million at July 31, 2009, with a weighted average interest rate for the three month period ended July 31, 2009 of 6.57%, which
includes a portion of debt that has been fixed by an interest rate swap.
 
 Future scheduled minimum payments under this credit facility are as follows (in thousands):
 
 Fiscal 2010 (remaining 6 months)

$
484Fiscal 2011


968Fiscal 2012


968Fiscal 2013


968Fiscal 2014


91,436Total

$
94,824
 
 18. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
 
 The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages financial risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit
risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding as well as the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration
of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s investments and borrowings
 
 Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
 
 The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow
hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
  The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by using a regression analysis of the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument and the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated
as and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2009, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. No hedge ineffectiveness on cash flow
hedges was recognized during the three and six months ended July 31, 2009.
 
 16
 Table of Contents
 Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. The current interest rate swap held by the Company matures on December 31, 2009. For the period from August 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009,
the Company estimates that an additional $0.5 million will be recorded as an increase to interest expense.
 As of July 31, 2009, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk:
 
 Interest Rate Derivates

Notional
(in thousands)

Effective Date
Maturity Date
Index

Strike RateInterest Rate Swap

$
38,400

May 14, 2007
December 31, 2009
3 Month LIBOR


5.1015
%
 
 The following table summarizes the location of the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments within the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of July 31, 2009, and January 31, 2009 (in thousands):
 
 Balance Sheet Location

July 31, 2009


January 31, 2009Liabilities:Derivative instruments designated as a cash flow instruments under SFAS 133:Interest rate swap contracts
Accrued expenses

$
485


$
1,581Total assets


$
485


$
1,581
 
 The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 (in thousands):
 
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
in OCI


Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI
into Net Income

Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI
into Net IncomeFor the three months ended July 31, 2009:Interest rate swap contracts

$
(71
)

$
(539
)
Interest ExpenseTotal

$
(71
)

$
(539
)
 
 Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized
in OCI


Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI
into Net Income

Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI
into Net IncomeFor the six months ended July 31, 2009:Interest rate swap contracts

$
(117
)

$
(1,213
)
Interest ExpenseTotal

$
(117
)

$
(1,213
)
 
 As of July 31, 2009, the fair value of derivatives is in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these instruments was $0.6 million. As of July 31, 2009, the Company had not posted any collateral related to these instruments. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at July 31, 2009, it would have
been required to settle its obligations under the instruments at their termination value of $0.6 million.
  17
 Table of Contents
  19. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
 In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141(R)). SFAS 141(R) changes the accounting for business combinations including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for
a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for pre-acquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance. Adoption of SFAS 141(R) on February 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial
position or results of operations. The adoption of SFAS 141(R) will have an impact on the Company’s accounting for business combinations occurring on or after the adoption date, but the effect will be dependent on the acquisitions at that time.
 
 In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 changes the accounting for noncontrolling (minority) interests in consolidated financial statements including
the requirements to classify noncontrolling interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, and the elimination of “minority interest” accounting in results of operations with earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests reported as part of consolidated earnings. Additionally, SFAS 160 revises the accounting for both increases and decreases in a parent’s controlling ownership interest. Adoption of SFAS 160 on February 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s
financial position or results of operations.
 
 In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 applies to all derivative instruments and nonderivative instruments that are designated and qualify
as hedging instruments pursuant to paragraphs 37 and 42 of Statement 133 and related hedged items accounted for under FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (SFAS 133). SFAS 161 requires entities to provide greater transparency through additional disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under
Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Adoption of SFAS 161 on February 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
 In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (FSP 142-3). FSP 142-3 requires companies estimating the useful life of a recognized intangible asset to consider their historical experience in
renewing or extending similar arrangements or, in the absence of historical experience, to consider assumptions that market participants would use about renewal or extension as adjusted for SFAS 142’s entity-specific factors. FSP 142-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2009. Adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements when it becomes effective.
 
 In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 165, “Subsequent Events”(SFAS 165).  SFAS 165 does not require significant changes regarding recognition or disclosure
of subsequent events, but does require disclosure of the date through which subsequent events have been evaluated for disclosure and recognition.  SFAS 165 is effective for financial statements issued after June 15, 2009.  The implementation of this standard did not have a significant impact on the financial statements of the Company.  Subsequent events through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been evaluated for disclosure and recognition.
  18
 Table of Contents
  ITEM 2. — MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 From time to time, including in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we may make forward-looking statements relating to such matters as anticipated financial performance, business prospects, strategy, plans, regulatory, market and industry trends, and similar matters. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and federal securities
laws provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. We note that a variety of factors, including known and unknown risks and uncertainties as well as incorrect assumptions, could cause our actual results and experience to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. The factors that may affect the operations, performance, development and results of our business include those discussed under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”
of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
 As used in this Form 10-Q, “we”, “us”, “our”, “SkillSoft” and “the Company” refer to SkillSoft Public Limited Company and its subsidiaries; and references to our fiscal year refer to the fiscal year ended on January 31 of that year (e.g., fiscal 2009 is the fiscal year ended January
31, 2009).
 
 The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
 OVERVIEW
 
 We are a leading Software as a Service (SaaS) provider of on-demand e-learning and performance support solutions for global enterprises, government, education and small to medium-sized businesses. We enable business organizations to maximize business performance through a combination of comprehensive e-learning content, online information
resources, flexible learning technologies and support services. Our multi-modal learning solutions support and enhance the speed and effectiveness of both formal and informal learning processes and integrate our in-depth content resources, learning management system, virtual classroom technology and support services.
 
 We generate revenue primarily from the license of our products, the provision of professional services and the provision of hosting and application services. The pricing for our courses varies based upon the content offering selected by a customer, the number of users within the customer’s organization and the length of the license
agreement (generally one, two or three years). Our agreements permit customers to exchange course titles, generally on the contract anniversary date. Hosting services are sold separately for an additional fee.
 
 Cost of revenue includes the cost of materials (such as storage media), packaging, shipping and handling, CD duplication, custom content development, hosting services, royalties, certain infrastructure and occupancy expenses and share-based compensation. We generally recognize these costs as incurred. Also included in cost of revenue is
amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs and intangible assets related to developed software and courseware acquired in business combinations.
 
 We account for software development costs in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 86, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed” (SFAS 86), which requires the capitalization of certain computer
software development costs incurred after technological feasibility is established. No software development costs incurred during the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 met the requirements for capitalization in accordance with SFAS 86.
 
 Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, share-based compensation, certain infrastructure and occupancy expenses, fees to consultants and course content development fees. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, share-based compensation, commissions, advertising and
promotion expenses, travel expenses and certain infrastructure and occupancy expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, share-based compensation, consulting and service expenses, legal expenses, audit and tax preparation costs, regulatory compliance costs and certain infrastructure and occupancy expenses.
  19
 Table of Contents
  Amortization of intangible assets represents the amortization of customer value, non-compete agreements, trademarks and tradenames from our acquisitions of NETg, Targeted Learning Corporation (TLC), Books24x7 and GoTrain Corp. and our merger with SkillSoft Corporation (the SmartForce Merger).
 
 Merger and integration related expenses primarily consist of salaries paid to NETg employees for transitional work assignments, facilities, systems and process integration activities.
 
 Restructuring expenses primarily consist of charges associated with our recent reduction in force as described in our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 20, 2009.
 
 SEC investigation expenses primarily consist of legal and consulting fees incurred in connection with the SEC’s review of SmartForce’s option granting practices prior to the SmartForce Merger.
 
 BUSINESS OUTLOOK
 
 In the three and six months ended July 31, 2009, we generated revenue of $78.9 million and $155.4 million, respectively, as compared to $83.3 million and $165.0 million in the three and six months ended July 31, 2008, respectively. We reported net income in the three and six months ended July 31, 2009 of $17.2 million and $36.0 million,
respectively, as compared to $12.9 million and $20.0 million in the three and six months ended July 31, 2008, respectively.
 
 While we have achieved increased operating income and net income from last fiscal year’s comparable period, we have experienced during the last year a significantly more cautious customer spending environment due to the current challenging global economic climate. In addition, we continue to find ourselves in a challenging business
environment due to (i) budgetary constraints on training and information technology (IT) spending by our current and potential customers, (ii) price competition and value-based competitive offerings from a broad array of competitors in the learning market and (iii) the relatively slow overall market adoption rate for e-learning solutions. In recent months, the challenging U.S. and global economic environment has placed further constraints on our customers’ and potential customers’ IT budgets and spending.
We have not yet seen signs of an improving customer environment, but we are also not experiencing continued deterioration. We have also encountered longer sales cycles due to additional customer scrutiny on deals. This has given us less visibility into the overall timing of our sales cycles. Despite these challenges, our core business so far this fiscal year has performed in accordance with our expectations. We expect our revenue to decline approximately 6% to 7% this fiscal year as compared to last fiscal year
primarily due to recent changes in foreign exchange rates and the negative effect they have on our international subsidiaries’ revenue when converted to U.S. dollars. However, given the volatility of foreign exchange rates, our forward-looking estimates, which are based on July 31, 2009 rates, could change materially. Despite the expected decrease in revenue, we anticipate an increase in our operating income and net income this fiscal year as compared to last fiscal year, primarily due to a number of actions
we took in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 to reduce our cost structure. These cost-saving initiatives allow us flexibility to manage our costs in light of the difficult economic conditions we are facing. Despite these cost-savings initiatives, we have recently added, and will continue to add, additional sales resources in response to the cautious customer spending environment.
  20
 Table of Contents
  In fiscal 2010 we will continue to focus on revenue generation and earnings growth primarily by:
 
 •
cross selling and up selling;
 •
looking at new markets;
 •
acquiring new customers;
 •
carefully managing our spending;
 •
continuing to execute on our new product and telesales distribution initiatives; and
 •
continuing to evaluate merger and acquisition and possible partnership opportunities that could contribute to our long-term objectives.
 
 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
 We believe that our critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition, amortization of intangible assets and impairment of goodwill, share-based compensation, deferral of commissions, restructuring charges, legal contingencies and income taxes. We believe these accounting policies are particularly important to the portrayal
and understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require application of significant judgment by our management. In applying these policies, management uses its judgment in making certain assumptions and estimates. Our critical accounting policies are more fully described under the heading “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions
and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2009. The policies set forth in our Form 10-K have not changed.
 
 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2009 VERSUS THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2008
 
 Revenue
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Revenue:United States

$
60,040


$
60,756


$
(716
)


(1
)%International


18,886



22,576



(3,690
)


(16
)%Total

$
78,926


$
83,332


$
(4,406
)


(5
)%
 
 The decrease in both total revenue and international revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily the result of the negative effect foreign exchange rates had on our international subsidiaries’ revenue when converted to U.S. dollars.
  21
 Table of Contents
  Costs and Expenses
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Cost of revenue

$
7,524


$
9,830


$
(2,306
)


(23
)%As a percentage of revenue


10
%


12
%Cost of revenue – amortization of intangible assets


32



1,740



(1,708
)


(98
)%As a percentage of revenue


—



2
%
 
 The decrease in cost of revenue in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in royalty fees of $1.1 million as a result of both the decrease in revenue and a shift in product mix away from royalty-bearing products. Additionally, $0.7 million of the decrease in cost
of revenue was attributed to reductions in personnel and consulting expenses as a result of our cost-savings initiatives.
 
 The decrease in cost of revenue - amortization of intangible assets in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during fiscal 2009.
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Research and development

$
9,706


$
12,519


$
(2,813
)


(22
)%As a percentage of revenue


12
%


15
%
 
 The decrease in research and development expense in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to cost reductions related to outside service contractors and outsource partners of $2.2 million as well as decreases in compensation and benefits expense of $0.2 million attributed to our
cost-saving initiatives.
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Selling and marketing

$
24,387


$
26,099


$
(1,712
)


(7
)%As a percentage of revenue


31
%


31
%
 
 The decrease in selling and marketing expense in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to net reductions of $2.1 million in sales compensation and benefits, which includes a reduction of non-field sales personnel partially offset by increased sales incentive expenses. This net
reduction was partially offset by a major customer event that took place during the first quarter of fiscal 2009 which occurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2010. As a result we had an $0.8 million increase in expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008.
  22
 Table of Contents
  
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)General and administrative

$
9,400


$
9,433


$
(33)



0
%As a percentage of revenue


12
%


11
%
 
 General and administrative expense in the three months ended July 31, 2009 was approximately the same as in the three months ended July 31, 2008. An increase in executive bonus expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2010 of $1.7 million was offset by reductions of $0.5 million in professional fees related to our business realignment strategy,
which was substantially completed in fiscal 2009, and reductions in insurance premiums, banking service fees and outside contractor expenses of $0.8 million.
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Amortization of intangible assets

$
2,117


$
2,741


$
(624
)


(23
)%As a percentage of revenue


3
%


3
%Merger and integration related expenses


—


$
240



(240
)


(100
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%Restructuring


4


$
—



4



*As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%SEC investigation


—


$
(13
)


(13
)


(100
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%
 ____________
 
 *           Not meaningful
 
 The decrease in amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to certain assets becoming fully amortized during fiscal 2009.
 
 During the three months ended July 31, 2008, we incurred merger and integration expenses related to the NETg acquisition. We completed our efforts to integrate NETg’s operations during fiscal 2009.
 
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Other (expense) income, net

$
(605
)

$
6


$
(611
)


*As a percentage of revenue


(1
)%


0
%Interest income


68


$
575



(507
)


(88
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


1
%Interest expense


(2,032
)

$
(3,664
)


1,632



(45
)%As a percentage of revenue


(3
)%


(4
)%
 ____________
 
 *           Not meaningful
  23
 Table of Contents
  The increase in other (expense) income, net in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations. Due to our multi-national operations, our business is subject to fluctuations based upon changes in the exchange rates between the currencies used in our business.
 
 The reduction in interest income in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in our short-term investments attributed to our share buyback program and our significant long term debt repayments as well as lower interest rates.
 
 The decrease in interest expense in the three months ended July 31, 2009 versus the three months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to $49.2 million in principal debt repayments made against our long-term debt since July 31, 2008.
 
 Provision for Income Taxes
 THREE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Provision for income taxes

$
6,016


$
6,845


$
(829)



(12)
%As a percentage of revenue


8
%


8
%
 
 For the three months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, our effective tax rates were 25.9% and 38.8%, respectively. The decrease in the current year effective tax rate is primarily due to a change in the geographical distribution of worldwide earnings as a result of our business realignment strategy that took effect at the beginning of fiscal
2010. For the three months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, the effective tax rate was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% due primarily to earnings in higher tax jurisdictions outside of Ireland.
 
 SIX MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2009 VERSUS SIX MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2008
 
 Revenue
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Revenue:United States

$
118,752


$
119,809


$
(1,057
)


(1
)%International


36,613



45,166



(8,553
)


(19
)%Total

$
155,365


$
164,975



(9,610
)


(6
)%
 
 The decrease in both total and international revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily the result of the negative effect foreign exchange rates had on our international subsidiaries’ revenue when converted to U.S. dollars.
  24
 Table of Contents
  Costs and Expenses
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Cost of revenue

$
14,997


$
18,639


$
(3,642
)


(20
)%As a percentage of revenue


10
%


11
%Cost of revenue – amortization of intangible assets


64



3,480



(3,416
)


(98
)%As a percentage of revenue


—



2
%
 
 The decrease in cost of revenue in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was partially due to a reduction in royalty fees of $0.9 million as a result of both the decrease in revenue and a shift in product mix away from royalty-bearing products. Also contributing to the decrease in cost of revenue was
a $0.8 million decrease related to reductions in personnel and $1.7 million in lower expenses for hosting, outside contractor, maintenance and facility charges as a result of both our recent cost-saving initiatives carried out in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 and certain NETg integration initiatives being substantially completed in fiscal 2009.
 
 The decrease in cost of revenue - amortization of intangible assets in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during fiscal 2009.
 
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Research and development

$
18,704


$
25,998


$
(7,294
)


(28
)%As a percentage of revenue


12
%


16
%
 
 The decrease in research and development expense in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in outsourced development fees of $5.1 million as well as a decrease in compensation and benefits expense of $1.3 million primarily due to the cost-saving initiatives we instituted
in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009. The reduction in outsource development fees was also due to the inclusion of costs attributable to the NETg acquisition in the six months ended July 31, 2008, which included maintaining multiple platforms and product commitments assumed prior to the completion of the integration.
  SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Selling and marketing

$
46,798


$
55,798


$
(9,000
)


(16
)%As a percentage of revenue


30
%


34
%
 
 The decrease in selling and marketing expense in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a decrease in compensation and benefits expense of $6.8 million. This decrease was primarily the result of a reduction in our field support personnel as part of our cost-saving initiatives as
well as a reduction in commission expense attributed to when certain commissions were earned in fiscal 2008 as a result of a one-time change to the structure of our compensation plan that year. We also had a reduction in marketing expenses of $1.0 million and a reduction in travel expenses of $0.9 million as a result of our cost-saving initiatives.
  25
 Table of Contents
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)General and administrative

$
17,157


$
18,324


$
(1,167
)


(6
)%As a percentage of revenue


11
%


11
%
 The decrease in general and administrative expense in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a reduction of $1.8 million in legal and professional fees associated with our business realignment strategy, which was substantially completed during fiscal 2009. In addition, we had a decreases in facility and rent expense of $0.4 million as well as decreases in banking fees and
insurance expense of $0.4 million. These reductions in cost were partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefits of $1.5 million primarily due to executive bonuses recognized in the three months ended July 31, 2009.
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Amortization of intangible assets

$
4,572


$
5,737


$
(1,165
)


(20
)%As a percentage of revenue


3
%


3
%Merger and integration related expenses


—


$
761



(761
)


(100
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%Restructuring


56


$
—



56



*As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%SEC investigation


—


$
49



(49
)


(100
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


0
%
 ____________
 
 *           Not meaningful
 
 The decrease in amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to certain assets becoming fully amortized during fiscal 2009.
 
 26
 Table of Contents
 
 During the six months ended July 31, 2008, we incurred merger and integration expenses related to the NETg acquisition. We completed our efforts to integrate NETg’s operations during fiscal 2009.
 
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Other (expense) income, net

$
(1,223
)

$
(397
)

$
(826
)


208
%As a percentage of revenue


(1
)%


0
%Interest income


138


$
1,192



(1,054
)


(88
)%As a percentage of revenue


0
%


1
%Interest expense


(4,477
)

$
(7,650
)


3,173



(41
)%As a percentage of revenue


(3
)%


(5
)%
 
 The increase in other (expense) income, net in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to foreign currency fluctuations. Due to our multi-national operations, our business is subject to fluctuations based upon changes in the exchange rates between the currencies used in our business.
 
 The reduction in interest income in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to a reduction in our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments attributed to our share buyback program and our significant long term debt repayments as well as lower interest rates.
 
 The decrease in interest expense in the six months ended July 31, 2009 versus the six months ended July 31, 2008 was primarily due to $49.2 million in principal debt repayments made against our long-term debt since July 31, 2008.
 
 Provision for Income Taxes
 SIX MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31,

DOLLAR INCREASE/(DECREASE)

PERCENT CHANGE2009

2008(In thousands, except percentages)Provision for income taxes

$
11,505


$
11,352


$
153



1
%As a percentage of revenue


7
%


7
%
 
 For the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, our effective tax rates were 24.2% and 38.7% respectively. The decrease in the current year effective tax rate is primarily due to a change in the geographical distribution of worldwide earnings as a result of the business realignment strategy that took place at the beginning of fiscal 2010.
For the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, the effective tax rate was higher than the Irish statutory rate of 12.5% due primarily to earnings in higher tax jurisdictions outside of Ireland.
  27
 Table of Contents
 
 LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
 As of July 31, 2009, our principal source of liquidity was our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which totaled $67.8 million. This compares to $39.0 million at January 31, 2009.
  Net cash provided by operating activities of $74.8 million for the six months ended July 31, 2009 was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of $85.9 million. Net cash provided by operating activities was also a result of net income from continuing operations of $36.0 million, which included the impact of non-cash expenses for
depreciation and amortization and amortization of intangible assets of $7.2 million, non-cash provision for income taxes of $6.6 million and share-based compensation expense of $3.2 million. These amounts were partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses of $12.0 million as well as a decrease in deferred revenue of $52.0 million. These decreases in accounts receivable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue are primarily a result of the seasonality of our operations, with the fourth quarter of our fiscal
year historically generating the most activity, including order intake and billing. During the six months ended July 31, 2009 the decrease in accounts receivable was $85.9 million as compared to a decrease of $88.8 million during the six months July 31, 2008. This change is primarily due to the timing of collections.
 
 Net cash used in investing activities was $4.7 million for the six months ended July 31, 2009, which includes the purchases of capital assets of approximately $1.4 million. In addition, the purchase of investments, net of maturities, contributed a cash outflow of approximately $3.2 million.
 
 Net cash used in financing activities was $46.9 million for the six months ended July 31, 2009. During this period, we made principal payments on our debt of $28.6 million and purchased our own shares having a value of $19.9 million under our shareholder-approved share repurchase program. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds
of $1.5 million received from the exercise of share options under our various share option programs, including the related tax benefit, and share purchases made under our 2004 Employee Share Purchase Plan.
 
 We had a working capital deficit of approximately $1.6 million as of July 31, 2009 and approximately $11.9 million as of January 31, 2009. The increase in working capital was primarily due to net income from continuing operations of $36.0 million, which includes non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $7.2 million, share-based
compensation expense of $3.2 million and a non-cash tax charge of $6.6 million. Additionally, current deferred tax assets increased by $5.5 million which was primarily attributed to a long term deferred tax asset reclassification net of tax asset utilization and wereceived proceeds of $1.5 million from the exercise of share options under our various share option programs and from share purchases made under our 2004 Employee Share
Purchase Plan. This was partially offset by principal debt payments of $28.6 million and the purchase of treasury shares having a value of $19.9 million under our shareholder-approved share repurchase program.
 
 As of January 31, 2009, we had U.S. federal NOL carryforwards of $214.2 million. These NOL carryforwards represent the gross carrying value of the operating loss carryforwards and are available to reduce future taxable income, if any, through 2025. We completed several financings since our inception and have incurred ownership changes as
defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. We completed an analysis of these changes and do not believe that the changes will have a material impact on our ability to use these net operating loss carryforwards. Included in the $214.2 million of U.S. federal NOL carryforwards is $114.7 million of U.S. NOL carryforwards that were acquired in the SmartForce Merger and the purchase of Books24X7, $55.4 million of NOL carryforwards resulting from disqualifying dispositions and $44.1 million of U.S. NOL
carryforwards that relate to our operations. We will realize the benefit of the disqualifying disposition losses through increases to shareholders' equity in the periods in which the losses are utilized to reduce tax payments. Additionally, we have $190.2 million of Irish NOL carryforwards. These NOL carryforwards represent the gross carrying value of the operating loss carryforwards. Included in the $190.2 million are $149.8 million of NOL carryforwards which were acquired in the SmartForce Merger and $40.4
million of NOL carryforwards that relate to our Irish operations. We also had U.S. federal tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.9 million at January 31, 2009.
  28
 Table of Contents
  We lease certain of our facilities and certain equipment and furniture under operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2023. In addition, we have a term loan which will be paid out over the next 4 years. Future minimum lease payments, net of estimated sub-rentals, under these agreements and the debt repayments schedule
are as follows (in thousands):
 
 Payments Due by PeriodContractual Obligations

Total


Less Than
1 Year


1-3
Years


3-5
Years


More Than
5 YearsOperating Lease Obligations

$
12,572


$
4,129


$
5,676


$
2,767


$
--Debt Obligations


94,824



968



1,936



91,920



--Total Obligations

$
107,396


$
5,097


$
7,612


$
94,687


$
--
 
 We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under SEC rules, such as relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, which are often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating transactions that are not required to be reflected on our
balance sheet.
 
 In May 2007, we entered into a credit agreement with Credit Suisse and certain lenders providing for a $225.0 million senior credit facility comprised of a $200 million term loan facility and a $25.0 million revolving credit facility. On July 7, 2008, we entered into an amendment to the credit agreement (the Amendment). The primary purpose
of the Amendment was to expand our and our subsidiaries’ ability to make additional repurchases of our shares. The expanded repurchase ability under the Amendment is conditioned on the absence of an event of default and a requirement that (i) the leverage ratio shall be no greater than 2.75:1 as of the most recently completed fiscal quarter ending prior to the date of such repurchase (0.79:1 at July 31, 2009) and (ii) that we make a prepayment of the term loan under the credit agreement in an amount equal
to the dollar amount of any such repurchase. Such term loan prepayments were not, however, required in connection with the first $24.0 million of repurchases made from and after July 7, 2008. The Amendment also provides for an increase in the annual interest rate on the term loan to, at our election, (i) base rate plus a margin of 2.5% or (ii) adjusted LIBOR plus margin of 3.5%.
 
 Please see Note 10 of The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2009 for a detailed description of the credit agreement, as amended.
 
 We expect that the principal sources of funding for our operating expenses, capital expenditures, debt payment obligations, share repurchases and other liquidity needs will be a combination of our available cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, and funds generated from future cash flows from operating activities. We believe
our current funds and expected cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to fund our operations, including our debt repayment obligations, for at least the next 12 months. However, there are several items that may negatively impact our available sources of funds. In addition, our cash needs may increase due to factors such as unanticipated developments in our business or the marketplace for our products in general or significant acquisitions. The amount of cash generated from operations will be
dependent upon the successful execution of our business plan. Although we do not foresee the need to raise additional capital, any unanticipated economic or business events could require us to raise additional capital to support our operations.
 
 EXPLANATION OF USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL RESULTS
 
 In addition to reporting our audited and unaudited financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), to assist investors we on occasion provide certain non-GAAP financial results as an alternative means to explain our periodic results. The non-GAAP financial results typically exclude non-cash
or unusual charges or benefits.
  29
 Table of Contents
  Our management uses the non-GAAP financial results internally as an alternative means for assessing our results of operations. By excluding non-cash charges such as share-based compensation, amortization of purchased intangible assets, impairment of goodwill and purchased intangible assets, management can evaluate our operations excluding
these non-cash charges and can compare our results on a more consistent basis to the results of other companies in our industry. By excluding charges such as merger and integration related expenses and one-time or infrequent charges our management can compare our ongoing operations to prior quarters where such items may be materially different and to ongoing operations of other companies in our industry who may have materially different unusual charges. Our management recognizes that non-GAAP financial results
are not a substitute for GAAP results, but believes that non-GAAP measures are helpful in assisting them in understanding and managing our business.
 
 Our management believes that the non-GAAP financial results may also provide useful information to investors. Non-GAAP results may also allow investors and analysts to more readily compare our operations to prior financial results and to the financial results of other companies in the industry who similarly provide non-GAAP results to investors
and analysts. Investors may seek to evaluate our business performance and the performance of our competitors as they relate to cash. Excluding one-time and non-cash charges may assist investors in this evaluation and comparisons. When we provide non-GAAP financial results, we will also provide reconciliations of such results to GAAP financial measures.
 
 In addition, certain covenants in our credit agreement are based on non-GAAP financial measures, such as adjusted EBITDA, and evaluating and presenting these measures allows us and our investors to assess our compliance with the covenants in our credit agreement and thus our liquidity situation.
 
 We intend to continue to assess the potential value of reporting non-GAAP results consistent with applicable rules and regulations.
 
 ITEM 3. — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
 As of July 31, 2009, we did not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
 
 INTEREST RATE RISK
 
 Our general investing policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and to ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk. We currently use a registered investment manager to place our investments in highly liquid money market accounts and government-backed securities. All highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. Based on the short-term nature of our investments, we have concluded that there is no significant market risk exposure.
 
 In order to limit our exposure to interest rate changes associated with our term loan, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with an initial notional amount of $160 million which amortizes over a period consistent with our anticipated payment schedule. This strategy uses an interest rate swap to effectively convert $160 million
in variable rate borrowings into fixed rate liabilities at a 5.1015% effective interest rate. The interest rate swap is considered to be a hedge against changes in the amount of future cash flows associated with interest payments on a variable rate loan.
  30
 Table of Contents
  FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
 
 Due to our multinational operations, our business is subject to fluctuations based upon changes in the exchange rates between the currencies in which we collect revenue or pay expenses and the U.S. dollar. Our expenses are not necessarily incurred in the currency in which revenue is generated, and, as a result, we are required from time
to time to convert currencies to meet our obligations. These currency conversions are subject to exchange rate fluctuations, in particular changes to the value of the Euro, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore dollar, and pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar, which could adversely affect our business and our results of operations. During the six months ended July 31, 2009 and 2008, we incurred foreign currency exchange losses of $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
 
 ITEM 4. — CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
 Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2009. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports
that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship
of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2009, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
 
 No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
 PART II
 
 ITEM 1. — LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 1A. – RISK FACTORS
 
 Investors should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision with respect to our shares. While the following risk factors have been updated to reflect developments subsequent to the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2009, there have been no material changes
to the risk factors included in that report.
  31
 Table of Contents
  RISKS RELATED TO THE OPERATION OF OUR BUSINESS
 
 OUR QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS MAY FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY, LIMITING YOUR ABILITY TO EVALUATE HISTORICAL FINANCIAL RESULTS AND INCREASING THE LIKELIHOOD THAT OUR RESULTS WILL FALL BELOW MARKET ANALYSTS’ EXPECTATIONS, WHICH COULD CAUSE THE PRICE OF OUR ADSs TO DROP RAPIDLY AND SEVERELY.
 
 In the past we have experienced fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, and we anticipate that these fluctuations will continue. As a result, we believe that our quarterly revenue, expenses and operating results are likely to vary significantly in the future. If in some future quarters our results of operations are below the expectations
of public market analysts and investors, this could have a severe adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.
 
 Our operating results have historically fluctuated, and our operating results may in the future continue to fluctuate, as a result of factors, which include, without limitation:
 
 •
the size and timing of new/renewal agreements and upgrades;
 
 •
royalty rates;
 
 •
the announcement, introduction and acceptance of new products, product enhancements and technologies by us and our competitors;
 
 •
the mix of sales between our field sales force, our other direct sales channels and our telesales channels;
 
 •
general conditions in the U.S. or the international economy;
 
 •
the loss of significant customers;
 
 •
delays in availability of new products;
 
 •
product or service quality problems;
 
 •
seasonality — due to the budget and purchasing cycles of our customers, we expect our revenue and operating results will generally be strongest in the second half of our fiscal year and weakest in the first half of our fiscal year;
 
 •
the spending patterns of our customers;
 
 •
litigation costs and expenses;
 
 •
non-recurring charges related to acquisitions;
 
 •
growing competition that may result in price reductions; and
 
 •
currency fluctuations.
 
 Most of our expenses, such as rent and most employee compensation, do not vary directly with revenue and are difficult to adjust in the short-term. As a result, if revenue for a particular quarter is below our expectations, we could not proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter. Any such revenue shortfall would, therefore,
have a disproportionate effect on our expected operating results for that quarter.
  32
 Table of Contents
  PAST AND FUTURE ACQUISITIONS MAY NOT PRODUCE THE BENEFITS WE ANTICIPATE AND COULD HARM OUR CURRENT OPERATIONS.
 
 One aspect of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions of businesses or technologies that will contribute to our future growth. However, we may not be successful in identifying or consummating attractive acquisition opportunities. Moreover, any acquisitions we do consummate may not produce benefits commensurate with the purchase
price we pay or our expectations for the acquisition. In addition, acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
 
 •
difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, financial controls and personnel of the acquired company;
 
 •
difficulties in retaining or transitioning customers and employees of the acquired company;
 
 •
diversion of management time and focus;
 
 •
the incurrence of unanticipated expenses associated with the acquisition or the assumption of unknown liabilities or unanticipated financial, accounting or other problems of the acquired company; and
 
 •
accounting charges related to the acquisition, including restructuring charges, write-offs of in-process research and development costs, and subsequent impairment charges relating to goodwill or other intangible assets acquired in the transaction.
 
 DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IS ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO GENERAL GLOBAL MARKET AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
 
 Weakness in the United States and/or worldwide economy has had and could continue to have a negative effect on demand for our products and our results of operations. Companies may not view training products and services as critical to the success of their businesses. If these companies continue experience disappointing operating results,
whether as a result of adverse economic conditions, competitive issues or other factors, they may decrease or forego education and training expenditures before limiting their other expenditures or in conjunction with lowering other expenses. In addition, during economic downturns, customers may slow the rate at which they pay vendors or may become unable to pay their debts as they become due, which would have a negative effect on our results.
 
 INCREASED COMPETITION MAY RESULT IN DECREASED DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, WHICH MAY RESULT IN REDUCED REVENUE AND GROSS PROFITS AND LOSS OF MARKET SHARE.
 
 The market for corporate education and training solutions is highly fragmented and competitive. We expect the market to become increasingly competitive due to the lack of significant barriers to entry. In addition to increased competition from new companies entering into the market, established companies are entering into the market through
acquisitions of smaller companies, which directly compete with us, and this trend is expected to continue. We may also face competition from publishing companies, vendors of application software and human resource outsourcers, including those vendors with whom we have formed development and marketing alliances.
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  Our primary sources of direct competition are:
 
 •
third-party suppliers of instructor-led information technology, business, management and professional skills education and training;
 
 •
technology companies that offer learning courses covering their own technology products;
 
 •
suppliers of computer-based training and e-learning solutions;
 
 •
internal education, training departments and human resources outsourcers of potential customers; and
 
 •
value-added resellers and network integrators.
 
 Growing competition may result in price reductions, reduced revenue and gross profits and loss of market share, any one of which would have a material adverse effect on our business. Many of our current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, sales, marketing and other resources, as well as greater name
recognition, and we expect to face increasing price pressures from competitors as managers demand more value for their training budgets. Accordingly, we may be unable to provide e-learning solutions that compare favorably with new instructor-led techniques, other interactive training software or new e-learning solutions.
 
 WE RELY ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF THIRD PARTIES TO PROVIDE US WITH EDUCATIONAL CONTENT FOR OUR COURSES AND REFERENCEWARE, AND OUR ALLIANCES WITH THESE THIRD PARTIES MAY BE TERMINATED OR FAIL TO MEET OUR REQUIREMENTS.
  We rely on a limited number of independent third parties to provide us with the educational content for a majority of our courses based on learning objectives and specific instructional design templates that we provide to them. We do not have exclusive arrangements or long-term contracts with any of these content providers. If one or more
of our third party content providers were to stop working with us, we would have to rely on other parties to develop our course content. In addition, these providers may fail to develop new courses or existing courses on a timely basis. We cannot predict whether new content or enhancements would be available from reliable alternative sources on reasonable terms. In addition, our subsidiary, Books24x7 relies on third party publishers to provide all of the content incorporated into its Referenceware products. If
one or more of these publishers were to terminate their license with us, we may not be able to find substitute publishers for such content. In addition, we may be forced to pay increased royalties to these publishers to continue our licenses with them.
 
 In the event that we are unable to maintain or expand our current development alliances or enter into new development alliances, our operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Furthermore, we will be required to pay royalties to some of our development partners on products developed with them, which
could reduce our gross margins. We expect that cost of revenue may fluctuate from period to period in the future based upon many factors, including the revenue mix and the timing of expenses associated with development alliances. In addition, the collaborative nature of the development process under these alliances may result in longer development times and less control over the timing of product introductions than for e-learning offerings developed solely by us. Our strategic alliance partners may from time
to time renegotiate the terms of their agreements with us, which could result in changes to the royalty or other arrangements, adversely affecting our results of operations.
 
 The independent third party strategic partners we rely on for educational content and product marketing may compete with us, harming our results of operations. Our agreements with these third parties generally do not restrict them from developing courses on similar topics for our competitors or from competing directly with us. As a result,
our competitors may be able to duplicate some of our course content and gain a competitive advantage.
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  OUR SUCCESS DEPENDS ON OUR ABILITY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE RAPIDLY CHANGING MARKET.
 
 The market for education and training software is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer requirements and preferences and frequent introductions of new products and services embodying new technologies. New methods of providing interactive education in a technology-based format are
being developed and offered in the marketplace, including intranet and Internet offerings. In addition, multimedia and other product functionality features are being added to educational software. Our future success will depend upon the extent to which we are able to develop and implement products which address these emerging market requirements on a cost effective and timely basis. Product development is risky because it is difficult to foresee developments in technology coordinate technical personnel and identify
and eliminate design flaws. Any significant delay in releasing new products could have a material adverse effect on the ultimate success of our products and could reduce sales of predecessor products. We may not be successful in introducing new products on a timely basis. In addition, new products introduced by us may fail to achieve a significant degree of market acceptance or, once accepted, may fail to sustain viability in the market for any significant period. If we are unsuccessful in addressing the changing
needs of the marketplace due to resource, technological or other constraints, or in anticipating and responding adequately to changes in customers’ software technology and preferences, our business and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. We, along with the rest of the industry, face a challenging and competitive market for IT spending that has resulted in reduced contract value for our formal learning product lines. This pricing pressure has a negative impact on revenue for these
product lines and may have a continued or increased adverse impact in the future.
  THE E-LEARNING MARKET IS A DEVELOPING MARKET, AND OUR BUSINESS WILL SUFFER IF E-LEARNING IS NOT WIDELY ACCEPTED.
 
 The market for e-learning is a new and emerging market. Corporate training and education have historically been conducted primarily through classroom instruction and have traditionally been performed by a company’s internal personnel. Many companies have invested heavily in their current training solutions. Although technology-based
training applications have been available for several years, they currently account for only a small portion of the overall training market.
 
 Accordingly, our future success will depend upon the extent to which companies adopt technology-based solutions for their training activities, and the extent to which companies utilize the services or purchase products of third-party providers. Many companies that have already invested substantial resources in traditional methods of corporate
training may be reluctant to adopt a new strategy that may compete with their existing investments. Even if companies implement technology-based training or e-learning solutions, they may still choose to design, develop, deliver or manage all or part of their education and training internally. If technology-based learning does not become widespread, or if companies do not use the products and services of third parties to develop, deliver or manage their training needs, then our products and service may not achieve
commercial success.
 
 NEW PRODUCTS INTRODUCED BY US MAY NOT BE SUCCESSFUL.
 
 An important part of our growth strategy is the development and introduction of new products that open up new revenue streams for us. Despite our efforts, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in developing and introducing new products, or that any new products we do introduce will meet with commercial acceptance. The failure
to successfully introduce new products will not only hamper our growth prospects but may also adversely impact our net income due to the development and marketing expenses associated with those new products.
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  THE SUCCESS OF OUR E-LEARNING STRATEGY DEPENDS ON THE RELIABILITY AND CONSISTENT PERFORMANCE OF OUR INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE.
 
 The success of our e-learning strategy is highly dependent on the consistent performance of our information systems and Internet infrastructure. If our Web site fails for any reason or if it experiences any unscheduled downtimes, even for only a short period, our business and reputation could be materially harmed. We have in the past experienced
performance problems and unscheduled downtime, and these problems could recur. We currently rely on third parties for proper functioning of computer infrastructure, delivery of our e-learning applications and the performance of our destination site. Our systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted by fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquake, financial patterns of hosting providers and similar events. Any system failures could adversely affect customer usage of our solutions
and user traffic results in any future quarters, which could adversely affect our revenue and operating results and harm our reputation with corporate customers, subscribers and commerce partners. Accordingly, the satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our Web site and computer infrastructure are critical to our reputation and ability to attract and retain corporate customers, subscribers and commerce partners. We cannot accurately project the rate or timing of any increases in traffic to our
Web site and, therefore, the integration and timing of any upgrades or enhancements required to facilitate any significant traffic increase to the Web site are uncertain. We have in the past experienced difficulties in upgrading our Web site infrastructure to handle increased traffic, and these difficulties could recur. The failure to expand and upgrade our Web site or any system error, failure or extended down time could materially harm our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations.
 
 BECAUSE MANY USERS OF OUR E-LEARNING SOLUTIONS WILL ACCESS THEM OVER THE INTERNET, FACTORS ADVERSELY AFFECTING THE USE OF THE INTERNET OR OUR CUSTOMERS’ NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURES COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS.
 
 Many of our customers' users access our e-learning solutions over the Internet or through our customers’ internal networks. Any factors that adversely affect Internet usage could disrupt the ability of those users to access our e-learning solutions, which would adversely affect customer satisfaction and therefore our business.
 
 For example, our ability to increase the effectiveness and scope of our services to customers is ultimately limited by the speed and reliability of both the Internet and our customers’ internal networks. Consequently, the emergence and growth of the market for our products and services depends upon the improvements being made to the
entire Internet as well as to our individual customers’ networking infrastructures to alleviate overloading and congestion. If these improvements are not made, and the quality of networks degrades, the ability of our customers to use our products and services will be hindered and our revenue may suffer.
 
 Additionally, a requirement for the continued growth of accessing e-learning solutions over the Internet is the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. Failure to prevent security breaches into our products or our customers’ networks, or well-publicized security breaches affecting the Internet in general
could significantly harm our growth and revenue. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in a compromise of technology we use to protect content and transactions, our products or our customers’ proprietary information in our databases. Anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary and confidential information or could cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend significant
capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to address problems caused by security breaches. The privacy of users may also deter people from using the Internet to conduct transactions that involve transmitting confidential information.
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  WE DEPEND ON A FEW KEY PERSONNEL TO MANAGE AND OPERATE THE BUSINESS AND MUST BE ABLE TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN HIGHLY QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES.
 
 Our success is largely dependent on the personal efforts and abilities of our senior management. Failure to retain these executives, or the loss of certain additional senior management personnel or other key employees, could have a material adverse effect on our business and future prospects. We are also dependent on the continued service
of our key sales, content development and operational personnel and on our ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly qualified employees. In addition, we depend on writers, programmers, Web designers and graphic artists. We may be unsuccessful in attracting, training, retaining or motivating key personnel. The inability to hire, train and retain qualified personnel or the loss of the services of key personnel could have a material adverse effect upon our business, new product development efforts and
future business prospects.
 
 OUR BUSINESS IS SUBJECT TO CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS THAT HAVE, AND COULD CONTINUE TO, ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
 
 Due to our multinational operations, our operating results are subject to fluctuations based upon changes in the exchange rates between the currencies in which revenue is collected or expenses are paid. In particular, the value of the U.S. dollar against the Euro, pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore
dollar and related currencies will impact our operating results. Our expenses will not necessarily be incurred in the currency in which revenue is generated, and, as a result, we will be required from time to time to convert currencies to meet our obligations. These currency conversions are subject to exchange rate fluctuations, and changes to the value of these currencies and other currencies relative to the U.S. dollar have and could continue to adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 
 LEGISLATION HAS RECENTLY BEEN INTRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS THAT COULD, IF ENACTED IN ITS CURRENT FORM, SUBJECT US TO TAXATION AS A U.S. CORPORATION, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
  We are aware of two bills recently proposed in Congress that seek to prevent U.S. companies from taking advantage of tax shelters in foreign jurisdictions. One of these proposed bills would, if enacted in its current form, tax a foreign corporation as domestic if it is publicly traded and managed and controlled in the U.S. At this point,
it is impossible to tell whether any of the proposed bills will be enacted into law, or whether the provisions of any enacted bill would apply to SkillSoft. In addition, we believe that if any such bill does become law, it would not take effect for several years. If any tax legislation of this nature is ultimately adopted, we would assess its impact on us and take steps, where appropriate, to mitigate such impact. However, it is possible that we could become subject to additional taxes as a result of the adoption
of such legislation.
 WE MAY BE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS. UNAUTHORIZED USE OF OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAY RESULT IN DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES THAT COMPETE WITH OURS.
 
 Our success depends to a degree upon the protection of our rights in intellectual property. We rely upon a combination of patent, copyright, and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights. We have also entered into, and will continue to enter into, confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties to seek
to limit and protect the distribution of confidential information. However, we have not signed protective agreements in every case.
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  Although we have taken steps to protect our proprietary rights, these steps may be inadequate. Existing patent, copyright, and trademark laws offer only limited protection. Moreover, the laws of other countries in which we market our products may afford little or no effective protection of our intellectual property. Additionally, unauthorized
parties may copy aspects of our products, services or technology or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Other parties may also breach protective contracts we have executed or will in the future execute. We may not become aware of, or have adequate remedies in the event of, a breach. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or to determine the validity and scope of our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Even
if we were to prevail, such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources.
 
 OUR WORLDWIDE OPERATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS WHICH COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS.
 
 We expect that international operations will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue and are subject to inherent risks, including:
 
 •
difficulties or delays in developing and supporting non-English language versions of our products and services;
 
 •
political and economic conditions in various jurisdictions;
 
 •
difficulties in staffing and managing foreign subsidiary operations;
 
 •
longer sales cycles and account receivable payment cycles;
 
 •
multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations;
 
 •
foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;
 
 •
protectionist laws and business practices that may favor local competitors;
 
 •
difficulties in finding and managing local resellers;
 
 •
potential adverse tax consequences; and
 
 •
the absence or significant lack of legal protection for intellectual property rights.
 
 Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our future operations outside of the United States, which could negatively impact our future operating results.
 
 OUR SALES CYCLE MAY MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO PREDICT OUR OPERATING RESULTS.
 
 The period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the purchase of our products by that customer typically ranges from three to twelve months or more. Factors that contribute to our long sales cycle, include:
 
 •
our need to educate potential customers about the benefits of our products;
 
 •
competitive evaluations by customers;
 
 •
the customers’ internal budgeting and approval processes;
 
 •
the fact that many customers view training products as discretionary spending, rather than purchases essential to their business; and
 
 •
the fact that we target large companies, which often take longer to make purchasing decisions due to the size and complexity of the enterprise.
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 These long sales cycles make it difficult to predict the quarter in which sales may occur. Delays in sales could cause significant variability in our revenue and operating results for any particular period.
 
 OUR BUSINESS COULD BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED IF OUR PRODUCTS CONTAIN ERRORS.
 
 Software products as complex as ours contain known and undetected errors or “bugs” that result in product failures. The existence of bugs could result in loss of or delay in revenue, loss of market share, diversion of product development resources, injury to reputation or damage to efforts to build brand awareness, any of which
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
 
 RISKS RELATED TO LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
 WE ARE THE SUBJECT OF AN INVESTIGATION BY THE SEC.
 
 The Boston District Office of the SEC informed us in January 2007 that we are the subject of an informal investigation concerning option granting practices at SmartForce for the period beginning April 12, 1996 through July 12, 2002. These grants were made prior to the September 6, 2002 merger of SkillSoft Corporation and SmartForce PLC.
We have produced documents in response to requests from the SEC.
 
 We have cooperated with the SEC in this matter. At the present time, we are unable to predict the outcome of this matter or its potential impact on our operating results or financial position. However, we may incur substantial costs in connection with the SEC option granting practices investigation, and this investigation could cause a
diversion of management time and attention. In addition, we could be subject to penalties, fines or regulatory sanctions or claims by our former officers, directors or employees for indemnification of costs they may incur in connection with the SEC investigation. Any or all of those issues could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial position.
 
 CLAIMS THAT WE INFRINGE UPON THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF OTHERS COULD RESULT IN COSTLY LITIGATION OR ROYALTY PAYMENTS TO THIRD PARTIES, OR REQUIRE US TO REENGINEER OR CEASE SALES OF OUR PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.
 
 Third parties have in the past and could in the future claim that our current or future products infringe their intellectual property rights. Any claim, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation or require us to reengineer or cease sales of our products or services, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our
business. Infringement claims could also result in an injunction barring the sale of our products or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to the combined company or at all.
 
 From time to time we learn of parties that claim broad intellectual property rights in the e-learning area that might implicate our offerings. These parties or others could initiate actions against us in the future.
 
 WE COULD INCUR SUBSTANTIAL COSTS RESULTING FROM PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS RELATING TO OUR CUSTOMERS’ USE OF OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
 
 Many of the business interactions supported by our products and services are critical to our customers’ businesses. Any failure in a customer’s business interaction or other collaborative activity caused or allegedly caused in the future by our products and services could result in a claim for substantial damages against us,
regardless of our responsibility for the failure. Although we maintain general liability insurance, including coverage for errors and omissions, there can be no assurance that existing coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in amounts sufficient to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim.
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  WE COULD BE SUBJECTED TO LEGAL ACTIONS BASED UPON THE CONTENT WE OBTAIN FROM THIRD PARTIES OVER WHOM WE EXERT LIMITED CONTROL.
 
 It is possible that we could become subject to legal actions based upon claims that our course content infringes the rights of others or is erroneous. Any such claims, with or without merit, could subject us to costly litigation and the diversion of our financial resources and management personnel. The risk of such claims is exacerbated
by the fact that our course content is provided by third parties over whom we exert limited control. Further, if those claims are successful, we may be required to alter the content, pay financial damages or obtain content from others.
 
 IN PRIOR YEARS, SOME OF OUR INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES HAVE NOT COMPLIED WITH REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THEIR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND TAX RETURNS.
 
 We operate our business in various foreign countries through subsidiaries organized in those countries. Due to our restatement of the historical SmartForce financial statements, some of our subsidiaries have been delayed in the filing of their audited statutory financial statements and have been delayed in filing their tax returns in their
respective jurisdictions. As a result, some of these foreign subsidiaries may be subject to regulatory restrictions, penalties and fines and additional taxes.
 
 RISKS RELATED TO OUR ADSs
 
 THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR ADSs MAY FLUCTUATE AND MAY NOT BE SUSTAINABLE.
 
 The market price of our ADSs has fluctuated significantly since our initial public offering, has declined significantly in recent months and is likely to continue to be volatile. In addition, in recent years the stock market in general, and the market for shares of technology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume
fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. The market price of our ADSs may continue to experience significant fluctuations in the future, including fluctuations that are unrelated to our performance. As a result of these fluctuations in the price of our ADSs, it is difficult to predict what the price of our ADSs will be at any point in the future, and you may not be able to sell your ADSs at or above the price that you paid for them.
 
 SALES OF LARGE BLOCKS OF OUR ADSs COULD CAUSE THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR ADSs TO DROP SIGNIFICANTLY, EVEN IF OUR BUSINESS IS DOING WELL.
 
 Some shareholders own 5% or more of our outstanding shares. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that public sales of these shares will have on the market price of our ADSs. If our significant shareholders, or our directors and officers, sell substantial amounts of our ADSs in the public market, or if the public perceives that such sales
could occur, this could have an adverse impact on the market price of our ADSs, even if there is no relationship between such sales and the performance of our business.
 
 ITEM 2. — UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
 
 On April 8, 2008, our shareholders approved the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 of our ADSs. On September 24, 2008, our shareholders approved an increase in the number of shares that may be repurchased to 25,000,000. Under the approved share purchase program, we entered into a share purchase agreement, pursuant to which we and certain of our
subsidiaries are entitled to purchase our ADSs. ADSs that are repurchased by us or our subsidiaries under the share purchase program shall, at the option of our Board of Directors, be either cancelled upon their purchase or held as treasury shares.
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  During the three months ended July 31, 2009, we repurchased our ADSs as follows:
 
 Period

(a)
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)


(b)
Average Price Paid per Share $


(c)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced or Program (2)


(d)
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the ProgramMay 1, 2009 – May 31, 2009


499,300


$
7.84



499,300



12,118,331June 1, 2009 – June 30, 2009


421,473



7.88



421,473



11,696,858July 1, 2009 – July 31, 2009


419,350



7.68



419,350



11,277,508Total


1,340,123


$
7.80



1,340,123



11,277,508
  (1)           We repurchased ADSs pursuant to a share repurchase program that was approved by our shareholders on April 8, 2008 and amended on September 24, 2008.
 
 (2)           Our shareholders approved the repurchase by us of up to 25,000,000 ADSs at a per share purchase price which complies with the requirements of Rule 10b-18. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of our Board of Directors, the
repurchase program will expire on March 23, 2010 or when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase thereunder.
 
 ITEM 3. — DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
 Not applicable.
 
 ITEM 4. — SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
 Not applicable
 
 ITEM 5. — OTHER INFORMATION
 
 Not applicable
 
 ITEM 6. — EXHIBITS
 
 See the Exhibit Index attached hereto.
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  SIGNATURE
 
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
  SKILLSOFT PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANYDate: September 9, 2009
By:
/s/ Thomas J. McDonaldThomas J. McDonaldChief Financial Officer
 
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  EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 10.1
Summary of Fiscal 2009 Executive Cash Incentive Compensation Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to SkillSoft PLC’s Current Report on Form 8-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 4, 2009 (File No. 000-25674).10.2
2001 Outside Director Option Plan, as amended31.1
Certification of SkillSoft PLC’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.31.2
Certification of SkillSoft PLC’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.32.1
Certification of SkillSoft PLC’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/Rule 15d-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.32.2
Certification of SkillSoft PLC’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/Rule 15d-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.