PREVENTION

OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION

PERMIT ISSUED PURSUANT

TO THE REQUIREMENTS

AT
40 CFR

§ 52.21 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, REGION

IX PSD PERMIT NUMBER:

SE 09-01 PERMITTEE:

City

of Palmdale 38300 Sierra Highway,

Suite

A Palmdale,

CA 93550 FACILITY NAME:
Palmdale Hybrid Power Project FACILITY LOCATION:

950 East Avenue

M Palmdale,

CA Pursuant

to the provisions

of the Clean

Air Act (CAA), Subchapter

I, Part

C (42 U.S.C. Section 7470,

et. seq.),
and the Code

of Federal Regulations

(CFR) Title
40, Section 52.21,

the United States Environmental Protection Agency Region

9 (EPA)

is issuing

a Prevention

of Sign ficanz’ Deterioration

(PSD) permit

to the City

of Palmdale.

The Permit applies

to the construction

and operation

of

a new 570 megawatt
(MW, nominal) natural gas-fired combined-cycle

power plant, with

an integrated

50 MW solar-thermal

plant, known

as the Palmdale Hybrid Power Project (PHPP)

in Palmdale, California. The City

of Palmdale

is authorized

to construct

and operate

the PHPP power plant

as described herein,

in accordance

with
the permit application

(and plans submitted

with
the permit application),

the federal
PSD regulations

at 40 CFR

§ 52.21,

and other terms
and conditions

set forth

in this PSD Permit. Failure

to comply
with any condition

or term

set forth

in this PSD Permit
may result

in enforcement

action pursuant

to Section

113 of the Clean

Air Act. This PSD Permit
does not relieve

the City

of Palmdale

from
the responsibility

to comply
with any other applicable provisions

of the Clean

Air Act (including applicable implementing regulations

in 40 CFR Parts

51, 52, 60, 61, 63, and 72 through

75),

or other federal,
state, and Antelope Valley

Air Quality Management District requirements. Per 40 CFR

§ 124.15(b),

this PSD Permit becomes effective

30 days after
the service

of notice

of this final permit decision unless review

is requested

on the permit pursuant

to 40 CFR

§ 124.19. /,?

1•________________

/

( --cfDeborah

Jordaj

DATE Director,

Air iivisionPALMDALE HYBRID POWER PROJECT

(SE 09-01) PREVENTION

OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION

PERMIT PERMIT CONDITIONS PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Palmdale Hybrid Power Project (Project) consists

of two General Electric
(GE) Frame 7FA natural gas-fired combustion turbine-generators

(CTGs) rated

at 154 megawatt
(MW, gross) each, two heat recovery
steam generators (HRSGs),

one steam turbine generator (STG) rated

at 267 MW,
and 251 acres

of parabolic solar-thermal collectors

with associated heat-transfer equipment.

The Project

will have

an electrical output

of 570 MW (nominal)

or 563 MW (net). The Project

will

be located

on

a parcel

of land owned

by the city
of Palmdale, currently zoned for industrial

use,

in Los Angeles County.

The approximately
333-acre parcel

is west

of the northwest corner

of Air Force Plant

42, and east

of the intersection

of Sierra Highway

and East Avenue

M. The City

of Palmdale

is located within

the Antelope Valley

Air Quality Management
District (District). This Prevention

of Significant Deterioration

(PSD) permit

for the Project requires

the use
of Best Available Control Technology (BACT)

to limit emissions

of nitrogen oxides (NO), carbon monoxide

(CO), total particulate
matter (PM), particulate
matter under

10 micrometers

(jim)

in diameter (PM 10 ), particulate
matter under

2.5 (jim)

in diameter (PM 25 ),

and greenhouse

gases (GHG),

to the greatest extent feasible.

Air pollution emissions

from
the Project would

not cause or contribute

to violations

of any National Ambient

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

or any applicable

PSD increments

for the pollutants regulated
under

the PSD permit. Additional equipment includes auxiliary equipment including

a natural

gas heater

and boiler,

a diesel-fired emergency generator

and emergency firewater
pump engine, cooler towers,

and circuit breakers. EQUiPMENT

LIST The following devices

and activities

are subject

to this PSD permit: Palindale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October

2011Unit

ID Description GEN

I

• 154 MW (gross) combustion
turbine generator (CTG),
with

a maximum

heat input rate

of 1,736 MMBtu/hr
(H1-IV) • Natural gas-fired

GE Model Frame 7FA Rapid Start Process
CTG • Vented

to

a dedicated

1-teat Recovery
Steam Generator (HRSG)

and

a 267 MW Steam Turbine Generator
(STG) shared with GEN2 • Integrated (through

the HRSG

and STG) with

a 251 -acre solar-thermal

plant (STP) consisting

of parabolic solar-thermal collectors

and associated

heattransfer equipment designed

to contribute

up
to 50 MW

of generation

from
the STG • Emissions

of NO and CO controlled

by Dry Low-NOx (DLN) Combustors, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR),

and

an Oxidation Catalyst (Ox-Cat) GEN2

• 154 MW (gross) combustion
turbine generator (CTG),
with

a maximum

heat input rate

of 1,736 MMBtulhr
(HHV) • Natural gas-tired

GE Model Frame 7FA Rapid Start Process
CTG • Vented

to

a dedicated

Heat Recovery
Steam Generator (HRSG)

and

a 267 MW Steam Turbine Generator
(STG) shared with GEN2 • Integrated (through

the HRSG

and STG) with

a 251-acre solar-thermal

plant (STP) consisting

of parabolic solar-thermal collectors

and associated

heattransfer equipment designed

to contribute

up
to 50 MW

of generation

from
the STG • Emissions

of NO and CO controlled

by Dry Low-NOx (DLN) Combustors, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR),

and

an Oxidation Catalyst (Ox-Cat) DBI

• 500 MMBtuJhr
(HHV) Duct Burner

for GENI, fired

on natural

gas DB2

• 500 MMBtu/hr
(FIHV) Duct Burner

for GEN2, fired

on natural

gas Dl

•

110 MMBtu/hr
(HHV) Auxiliary Boiler with ultra low-NOx burner,
fired

on natural

gas • 2,000
kW (2,683

hp) Emergency Internal Combustion

(IC) Engine,
fired

on D2

Diesel
fuel • 40 CFR Part
60, Subpart

1111 emission standards • California

Air Resources
Board Tier

2 emission standards • 182
hp (135 kW) Emergency Diesel-fired

IC Engine Firewater
Pump Engine D3

• 40 CFR Part
60, Subpart

1111 emission standards • California

Air Resources
Board Tier

3 emission standards 2 Palindaic’ Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October2011Unit

ID Description D4

• 40 MMbtulhr (HHV) Auciliary Heater
with ultra low-NOx burner,
fired

on natural

gas D5

• Cooling tower with 130,000 gallons

per minute maximum circulation

rate • Total dissolved
solids (TDS) concentration

in makeup water

of 5,000 ppm (531 mg/L) • Drift eliminator

with drift losses
less than

or equal

to 0.0005 percent based

on circulation

rate CB

• Enclosed-pressure

SF 6 Circuit Breakers • 0.5%
(by weight) annual leakage

rate • 10% (by weight)

leak deWction system MV

• Maintenance vehicles generating fugitive

road dust when traveling

on paved and unpaved roadways

in the solar field
for the Project • Project Fugitive
Dust Control

Plan PERMIT CONDITIONS I. PERMIT EXPIRATION As provided

in 40 CFR

§ 52.21(r),

this PSD Permit shall become invalid

if construction: A.

is not commenced

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 52.2 1(b)(9)) within

18 months
after
the approval
takes effect;

or B.

is discontinued

for

a period

of
18 months

or more;

or C.

is not completed
within

a reasonable

time. II. PERMIT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS Permittee

shall notify EPA Region

IX by letter

or by electronic

mail

of the: A. date construction

is commenced, postmarked

within

30 days

of such date; B. actual date

of initial startup,

as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 60.2, postmarked

within

15 days of such date; C. date upon which initial performance

tests will commence,

in accordance

with
the provisions

of Condition

X.G, postmarked

not less than

30 days prior

to such date. Notification

may

be provided

with
the submittal

of the performance

test protocol required pursuant

to Condition

X.G; and 3 Pabndale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October

2011D. date upon which initial performance evaluation

of the continuous emissions monitoring
system (CEMS)

will commence

in accordance

with

40 CFR

§ 60.13(c), postmarked

not less than

30 days prior

to such date. Notification

may

be provided with
the submittal

of the CEMS performance

test protocol required pursuant

to Condition

X.F. IlL FACILITY OPERATION A. At all times, including periods

of startup, shutdown, shakedown,

and malfunction, Permittee

shall,

to the extent practicable, maintain

and operate

the Facility, including associated

air pollution control equipment,

in

a manner consistent

with good

air pollution control practice

for minimizing emissions. Determination

of whether acceptable operating

and maintenance procedures

are being used will

be based

on information available

to EPA, which may include,

but

is not limited

to, monitoring results, opacity observations,

review

of operating maintenance procedures

and inspection

of the Facility. B. The Permittee

shall operate

and maintain

the STP

in

a manner consistent

with good engineering practices

for
its full utilization. C. As soon

as practicable following
initial startup

of the power plant

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 60.2)
but prior

to commencement

of commercial operation

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 72.2),
and thereafter,

the Permittee

shall develop

and implement

an operation and maintenance

plan
for the STP, consistent

with Condition

III.B above.

At

a minimum,

the plan shall identify measures

for assessing

the performance

of the STP, the acceptable

range

of the plant performaice measures

for achieving

the design electrical output,

the methods

for monitoring

the plant performance measures,

and the routine procedures

for maintaining

the STP

in good operating condition. IV. MALFUNCTION REPORTING A. Permittee

shall notify EPA

at R9.AEOepa.gov

within

two
(2) working

days following

the discovery

of any failure

of air pollution control equipment

or process equipment,

or failure

of

a process

to operate

in

a normal manner, which results

in an increase

in emissions
above

the allowable emission
limits stated

in Section

X of this permit. B.

In addition, Permittee

shall provide

an additional notification

to EPA

in writing

or electronic

mail within fifteen
(15) days

of any such failure described
under Condition IV.A. This notification

shall include

a description

of the malfunctioning equipment or abnormal operation,

the date

of the initial malfunction,

the period

of time over which emissions

were increased

due

to the failure,

the cause

of the failure,

the 4 Palmdale Hhrid Power Project

(SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October

2011estimated resultant emissions

in excess

of those allowed

in Section

X, and the methods utilized

to mitigate emissions

and restore normal operations. C. Compliance

with this malfunction notification provision

shall not excuse

or otherwise constitute

a defense

to any violation

of this permit

or any law

or regulation

such malfunction

may cause. V. RIGHT

OF ENTRY The EPA Regional Administrator,

andlor

an authorized representative,

upon

the presentation

of credentials,

shall

be permitted: A.

to enter
the premises where

the Facility

is located

or where

any records

are required to be kept under

the terms
and conditions

of this PSD Permit; B. during normal business hours,

to have access

to and

to copy any records required

to be kept under

the terms
and conditions

of this PSD Permit; C.

to inspect

any equipment, operation,

or method subject

to requirements

in this PSD Permit;

and D.

to sample materials

and emissions

from
the source(s). VI. TRANSFER

OF OWNERSHIP In the event

of any changes

in control

or ownership

of the Facility,

this PSD Permit
shall be binding

on all subsequent owners

and operators. Within

14 days

of any such change in control

or ownership, Permittee

shall notify

the succeeding
owner

and operator

of the existence

of this PSD Permit

and

its conditions

by letter. Permittee

shall send

a copy

of this letter

to EPA Region

IX within thirty (30) days

of its issuance. VI!. SEVERABILITY The provisions

of this PSD Permit

are severable,

and,

if any provision

of the PSD Permit is held invalid,

the remainder

of this PSD Permit
shall not be affected. VIII. ADHERENCE

TO APPLICATION

AND COMPLIANCE

WITH OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL

LAWS Permittee

shall construct

the Project

in compliance

with this PSD permit,

the application 5 Palmdale [-lybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
2011on which
this permit

is based,

and
all other apilicab1e federal,
state,
and local

air quality regulations.

This PSD permit does not release

the Permittee

from any liability

for compliance

with other applicable federal,
state and local environmental

laws and regulations, including

the Clean
Air Act. IX. RESERVED

6 Palrndale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
2011X. SPECIAL CONDITIONS A. Annual Facility Emission Limits 1. Annual emissions,

in tons per year (tpy)

on

a 12-month rolling average basis, shall not exceed

the following:

NO

CO

PM

PM 10

PM 2 . Facility

114.9
ipy

244.1
tpy 111.Itpy

94.5tpy

88.0 CO 2 e Total Facility 1,913,000

tpy 2. Only Public Utilities Commission (PUC)-quality
pipeline natural

gas shall

be fired

at this Facility. PUC-quality pipeline natural

gas shall not exceed

a sulfur content

of 0.20 grains per 100 dry standard
cubic feet
on

a 12-month rolling average basis and shall not exceed a sulfur content

of 1.0 grains

per 100 dry standard
cubic feet,

at any time. B. Air Pollution Control Equipment

and Operation As soon

as practicable following
initial startup

of the power plant (startup

as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 60.2)
but prior

to commencement

of commercial operation

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 72.2),
and thereafter, except

as noted below

in Condition

X.D, Permittee

shall install, continuously
operate,

and maintain

the SCR systems

for control

of NOx and the Ox-Cat systems

for control

of CO for Units GEN1

and GEN2. Permittee

shall also perform

any necessary operations

to minimize emissions

so that emissions

are

at or below the emission
limits specified

in this permit. C. Combustion Turbine Generator
(CTG) Emission Limits 1. Except

as noted below under Condition

X.D,

on and after
the date

of initial startup, Permittee

shall not discharge

or cause

the discharge

of emissions

from each CTG Unit (of GEN1

and GEN2)

into the atmosphere

in excess

of the following: 7 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

2011Emission
Limit (per CTG) (no duct burning) • 13.47 lb/hr • 1-hr average • 2.Oppmvd@15%0 2 3-Year Demonstration

Period • 8.20 lb/hr • 1-hr average • 2.Oppmvd@15%0 2 Post-Demonstration

Period • 6.15 lb/hr • 1-hr average • 1.5ppmvd@15%0 2

Emission
Limit (per CTG) (with duct burning) • 16.60 lb/hr • 1-hr average • 2.Oppmvd@15%02 • 10.10 lb/hr •

1 -hr average • 2.Oppmvd@15%0 2 PM, PM 10 PM 2 . 5 Conditions

in X.C.3 may affect the timing

and applicability

of post-demonstration

period emission limits. • 0.0048 lb/MMBtu • 8.46 lb/hr • 9-hr average • PUC-quality

natural

gas (Sulfur content

of no greater
than 0.20 grains

per 100 dscf

on

a 12-month average

and not greater than

1.0 gr/dscf

at any time)

• 0.0049 lb/MMBtu • 11.31b/hr • 9-hr average • PUC-quality

natural

gas (Sulfur content

of no greater than 0.20 grains

per 100 dscf

on

a 12-month average and not greater
than

1.0 gr/dscf

at any time) • 774

lb C0 2 /MWh source-wide

net output • 7,319 Btu/kWh source-wide

net heat rate • 365-day rolling average NO, Co GHG 2. The hours

of operation

for each duct burner (DBI
and DB2) shall not exceed 2,000 hours per 12-month rolling average. Permittee

shall ensure
that the duct burners

are not operated unless

the associated turbine units

are

in operation. 8 Palrndale Hybrid Power Pro/ect

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
20113. CO Emissions

Limit Demonstration

Period— The Demonstration

Period

is defined

as the first

3 years immediately following

the commencement

of commercial operations

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 72.2). a. Permittee

shall design

the gas turbines

to achieve

a CO emission

rate
of 1.5 ppmvd

@ 15%

02 and 6.15 lb/hr over

a

1 :hour period without

duct firing. Prior

to construction, Permittee

shall submit design specifications

to EPA

as proof that the gas turbines were designed

to achieve
such

a rate, and

a plan that sets forth
the measures

that will be taken

to maintain

the system

and optimize

its performance. b. During

the Demonstration

Period, Permittee

shall operate

the gas turbines according to the design specifications,

within

the design parameters,

and consistent

with
the maintenance

and performance optimization

plan described
above

in Condition X.C.3.a. During

the Demonstration

Period, Permittee

shall not discharge

or cause

the discharge

of CO emissions

from each CTG Unit (GEN1

and GEN2)

into the atmosphere

in excess

of the following amounts

over

a 1-hour averaging period:

2.0 ppmvd

CO

@ 15%

02 and
(1) 10.10 lb/hr with duct firing

or (2) 8.20 lb/hr without duct firing. c. Following

the Demonstration

Period, Permittee

shall not discharge

or cause

the discharge

of CO emissions

from each CTG Unit (GEN

1 and GEN2)

into the atmosphere

in excess

of the following amounts

over

a 1-hour averaging period except as specified

in Condition X.C.3.d: i. 1.5 ppmvd

@ 15%

02 without

duct firing; ii. 2.0 ppmvd

@ 15%

02 with duct firing; iii. 6.15 lb/hr without

duct firing;

and iv. 10.10 lb/hr with duct firing. d.
If, during

the Demonstration

Period, Permittee determines

that the CO limits

in Conditions X.C.3.i

or X.C.3.iii

are not feasible, Permittee

shall submit

an application to EPA prior

to the end
of the Demonstration

Period requesting

a revision

of those limits. Such

an application

must contain

data and information

that demonstrates

that the Facility

was operated according

to the design specifications

and parameters,

and the maintenance

and performance optimization

plan, identified
above

in Condition X.C.3.a,

as well

as

a technical justification explaining

why the lower limits

are not feasible.

If, after
the applicable review process following

such

a submission
(which will include

an opportunity

for public review

and comment),

it is determined through data and information gathered during

the Demonstration

Period
that different

CO limits

are necessary,

the limits

in Condition X.C.3.i

and X.C.3.iii

will

be revised accordingly. Provided

that the application specified

in this condition

is postmarked prior

to the end
of the Demonstration

Period,

the emission
limits

in Condition X.C.3.b 9 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

201]shall remain

in effect until EPA evaluates

the application

and makes

a final decision regarding

the revision

of the limits

in Conditions X.C.3.i

or X.C.3.iii. D. Requirements

during

Gas Turbine (GEN1

and GEN2) Startup

and Shutdown 1. Startup

is defined

as the period beginning

with ignition

and lasting until either

the equipment complies

with

all operating permit limits

for two consecutive 15-minute averaging periods

Or the maximum

time allowed

for the event after ignition, whichever occurs first; and the period

of time during whih

a unit

is brought
from

a shutdown

status to its operating temperature

and pressure, including

the time required

by the unit’s emission control system

to reach
full operations

and demonstrate compliance

with Condition

X.C. a.

A cold startup means

a startup when

the CTG
has not been

in operation during

the preceding

48 hours. b. Warm

and hot start-ups include

all startups

that are not

a cold startup. 2. Shutdown

is defined

as the period beginning

with
the lowering

of equipment

from normal operating

load and lasting until fuel flow

is completely

off and combustion

has ceased. 3. The duration

of startup

and shutdown periods

and emissions

of NO and CO shall
not exceed

the following,

for each CTG (GEN1

and GEN2)

and associated HRSG
unit,

as verified

by the CEMS:

NO. CO Duration Cold Startup

96 lb/event

410 lb/event

110 minutes Warm

and Hot

40 lb/event

329 lb/event

80 minutes Startup Shutdown

57 lb/event

337 lb/event

30 minutes 4. Permittee

must operate

the CEMS during startup

and shutdown periods. 5. Permittee

must record

the time, date, and duration

of each startup

and shutdown
event. The records must include calculations

of NOx and CO emissions during each event based on the CEMS
data. These records must

be kept
for five years following

the date

of such event. 6. During startup,

the SCR system, including ammonia injection,

shall

be operated

as soon as the SCR reaches

an operating temperature

of 550 degrees Fahrenheit. 10 Palmda/e Hybrid Power Project

(‘SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
20117. During startup

or shutdown, emissions

of NO from both CTGs (GEN1

and GEN2) combined

shall not exceed

130 lb/br,

as verified

by the CEMS. 8. During startup

or shutdown, emissions

of CO from both CTGs (GEN1

and GEN2) combined

shall not exceed

790 lb/hr,

as verified

by the CEMS. E. Auxiliary Combustion Equipment Emission Limits

and Work Practices 1. At all times, including equipment
startup

and shutdown, Permittee

shall not discharge

or cause

the discharge

of emissions

from each unit into the atmosphere

in excess

of the following,

and shall otherwise comply
with
the following specifications: UnitiD

NO

CO PM/PM 10 PM 2 . 5

GHG Unit

Dl

•

9 ppmvd

@

• 50 ppmvd

• 0.8 lb/hr

Annual boiler 110 MMBtu!hr

3%
02

3%
02

• PUC-quality

tUfle-UpS (l-IHV) Boiler

• 3-hr average

• 3-hr average
pipeline natural

gas • 6.4 g/kW-hr,

• 0.20 g/kW-hr,

Not applicable Unit
D2

(4.8 g/hp-hr),

(0.15 g/hp-hr

) 000 kW

includes

• 3.5 g/KW-hr,

• Use

of ultra-low (2,683

hp) engine
NMHC. (2.6 g/hp-hr)

sulfur fuel, not

to • 3-hr average

exceed

15 ppm fuel sulfur Unit

D3

• 4.0 g/KW-hr,

• Fuel supplier

Not applicable 182 hp firewater

(3.0 g/hp-hr),

certification pump

includes NMHC • 3-hr average Unit
D4

•

9 ppmvd

@

• 50 pprnvd

@

• 0.3 lb/hr

Annual boiler 40 MMBtu/hr

3% 02

3% 02

• PUC-quality

tune-ups (HHV) Heater

• 3-hr average

• 3-hr average
pipeline natural gas Unit

D5

•
1.6 lb/hr

(as total 130,000

gpm

Not applicable

Not applicable

PM)

Not applicable Cooling Tower

• <0.0005%

drift • <5,000
ppm total dissolved
solids 11 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

2011Unit

ID

NO

CO

PM

/ PM 0 PM 2 . 5

GHG CB

• 9.56 tpy C0 2 e SF Circuit

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

• 12-month Breakers

rolling
total MV

Conditions

in X.E.9 Maintenance

Not applicable

Not applicable including

a Fugitive

Not applicable Vehicles

Dust Control

Plan 2. Unit

Dl shall not operate during normal operations

of GEN1

or GEN2, except during periods

of,
or immediately following, startup.
Unit

Dl shall

be shut down

as soon

as practicable

after
the completion

of any startup process

as defined

in Condition

X.D.

1. Annual hours

of operation

for Unit

Dl shall not exceed

500 hours
per 12-month rolling average. 3. Except during

an emergency,

Unit
D2 shall

be limited

to operation

of the engine

for maintenance

and testing purposes. Annual hours

of operation

for Unit D2, for maintenance

and testing,
shall not exceed

50 hours
per 12-month rolling average. 4. Except during

an emergency,

Unit

D3 shall

be limited

to operation

of the engine

for maintenance

and testing purposes, including

as required

for fire safety testing. Annual hours

of operation

for Unit D3, for maintenance

and testing,
shall not exceed

50 hours

per 12-month rolling average. 5. Units

D2 and D3 shall not operate during startup

of GEN1

or GEN2, except when Units D2
or D3 are required

for emergency operations. 6. Unit
D4 restrictions

on usage shall

be limited

to annual hours

of operation

of not

to exceed 1,000 hours

per 12-month rolling average. 7. Unit
D5 cooling tower emission
limits shall not exceed

the following: a. Drift rate shall not exceed 0.0005%

with amaximum circulation

rate
of 130,000 gallons

per minute (gpm).

The maximum

total dissolved
solids (TDS) shall
not exceed 5,000 ppm. b. The maximum hourly total PM emission

rate from
the cooling tower
and the evaporative condenser combined

shall not exceed

1.6 lb/hr. 8. Unit
CB enclosed-pressure

SF 6 circuit breakers: 12 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSI) Permit October

2011a. Emissions

shall not exceed

an annual leakage

rate

of 0.5%

by weight;

and b. Shall

be equipped

with

a 10%

by weight
leak detection system. 9. For Unit MV, maintenance vehicles

that travel

on paved

and unpaved roadways

in the solar field associated

with the Project, Permittee

shall complete

the following

prior

to the commencement

of commercial operation

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 72.2): a. Pave
the main access road into the plant site; b. Submit

a Project Fugitive
Dust Control
Plan

to EPA that includes fugitive

road dust control measures

for unpaved

and paved roads, including,

but not limited

to: i. use
of

a durable non-toxic

soil stabilizer applied throughout

the solar field
for dust control; ii. use
of

a durable non-toxic

soil stabilizer

to treat unpaved
roads within

the solar field used

by wash trucks
that spray
and clean

the mirrors; iii. inspection

and maintenance procedures

to ensure
that the unpaved
roads remain stabilized; iv. use of water trucks applying water

on disturbed

areas where

soil stabilizers

are not as effective; v. use
of water

n the mirror washing

for incidental

dust control;

and vi. limiting vehicle speeds

to no more than

10 miles
per hour

on unpaved roadways, with the exception

that vehi1es

may travel

up
to 25 miles
per hour

on stabilized unpaved
roads

as long

as such speeds

do not create visible
dust emissions. 10. Units

Dl and D4 shall undergo annual tune-ups

and meet
the associated requirements

of Condition

X.I.9

as follows

(if the unit

is not operating

on the required

date
for

a tune-up, the tune-up
must

be conducted
within

one week

of startup): a. Inspect

the burner,

and clean

or replace

any components

of the burner

as necessary (you may delay

the burner inspection

until
the next scheduled

unit shutdown,

but you must inspect
each burner

at least once every

18 months). b, Inspect

the flame pattern,

and adjust

the burner

as necessary

to optimize

the flame pattern.

The adjustment
should

be consistent

with
the manufacturer’s specifications. c. Inspect

the system controlling

the air-to-fuel

ratio,
and ensure
that

it is correctly calibrated

and functioning properly. d. Optimize

total emissions

of carbon monoxide.

This optimization

should

be consistent with the manufacturer’s specifications.

13 Palmdale Hybrid Power ProJect

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

201!e. Measure

the concentrations

in the effluent stream

of carbon monoxide

in parts
per million,

by volume,

and oxygen

in volume percent, before

and after
the adjustments are made (measurements

may

be either

on

a dry

or wet basis,

as long

as

it is the same basis before

and after
the adjustments

are made). F. Continuous Emissions Monitoring
System (CEMS)

for GEN1

and GEN2 1. At the earliest feasible opportunity

after first fire
of GEN

I and GEN2

and before GEN

1 and GEN2 commence commercial operation

(as defined

in 40 CFR

§ 72.2),

in accordance with the recommendations

of the equipment manufacturer

and the construction contractor: a. Permittee

shall install, calibrate,

and operate

a CEMS each
for GEN1

and GEN2
that measures

stack
gas N0, CO, and CO 2 concentrations

in ppmv.
The concentrations shall

be corrected

to 15%

02 on

a dry basis.

No later than the end
of the shakedown period

as defined

in Condition

X.J.

or upon commencing commercial operations, whichever
comes first, Permittee

shall also maintain, certify,

and quality-assure

a CEMS

for each CTG that measures

stack
gas NOx, CO, and CO 2 concentrations

in ppmv,

and shall conduct initial certification

of the CEMS

in accordance

with Condition
X.F.6.
The concentrations

shall

be corrected

to 15%

02 on

a dry basis. b.

If Permittee chooses

to install

an 02 CEMS,

it shall

be installed, calibrated

and operated

to measure

02 concentrations

in ppmv.

No later than
the end
of the shakedown
period

as defined

in Condition

X.J.

or upon commencing commercial operations, whichever
comes first, Permittëe

shall also maintain, certify,

andqualityassure

the CEMS

for each CTG that measures

02 concentrations

in ppmv,

and shall conduct initial certification

of the CEMS

in accordance

with Condition
X.F.6. Permittee

may not install

an 02 CEMS

in lieu
of the CO 2 çEMS

in Condition X.F.

I .a. 2. The NON, CU 2 , and
02 CEMS
shall meet
the applicable requirements

of 40 CFR Part
75. 3. The CO CEMS
shall meet
the applicable requirements

of 40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

B, Performance Specification

4, and
40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

F, Procedure

1, except

the relative accuracy specified

in section

13.2

of 40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

B, Performance Specification

4 shall not exceed

20 percent. 4. Each CEMS
shall complete

a minimum

of one cycle

of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording)

for each successive 15-minute clock-hour period. 5. The CEMS
shall

be tested

in accordance

with Conditions

X.F.2
and X.F.3. 14 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

20116. The initial certification

of the CEMS
may either

be conducted separately,

as specified

in 40 CFR

§ 60.334(b)(1),

or as part

of the initial performance

test
of each emission

unit. The CEMS must undergo

and pass initial performance specification

testing

on or before the date

of the initial performance

test. 7. The CEMS
shall meet
the requirements

of 40 CFR

§ 60.13. Data sampling, analyzing, and recording

shall also

be adequate

to demonstrate compliance

with emission
limits during startup

and shutdown. 8. Not less than

90 days prior

to the date

of initial startup

of the Facility,

the Permittee

shall submit

to the EPA

a quality assurance project
plan
for the certification

and operation

of the CEMS.
Such

a plan shall conform

to EPA requirements contained

in 40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

F for CO,

40 CFR Part

75 for NOx and
02
or C0 2 , and
40 CFR Part

75 Appendix

B for stack flow. The plan shall

be updated

and resubmitted

upon request

by EPA. The protocol

shall specify
how emissions during startups

and shutdowns

will

be determined

and calculated, including quantifying

flow accurately

if calculations

are used. 9. The gas turbine CEMS
shall

be audited quarterly

and tested annually

in accordance

with 40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

F, Procedure

1. Permittee

shall perform

a full stack traverse during initial

run
of annual RATA testing

of the CEMS,
with testing points selected according

to 40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

A, Method

1. 10. Permittee

shall submit

a CEMS performance

test protocol

to the EPA

no later than

30 days prior

to the test date

to allow r.eview

of the test plan and

to arrange

for an observer

to be present

at the test. The performance

test shall

be conducted

in accordance

with
the submitted protocol

and any changes required

by EPA. 11. Permittee

shall furnish

the EPA

a written report

of the results

of performance

tests within 60 days

of completion. 12. The stack
gas volumetric

flow rates shall

be calculated

in accordance

with
the fuel flowmeter requirements

of 40 CFR Part

75 Appendix

D in combination

with the appropriate

parts

of EPA Method

19. 13. Prior

to the date

of initial startup

of GEN1

and GEN2, Permittee

shall install,

and thereafter maintain

and operate, continuous monitoring

and recording systems

to measure and record

the following operational parameters: a. The ammonia injection

rate

of the ammonia injection system

of the SCR system. b. Exhaust

gas temperature

at the inlet

to the SCR reactor. 15 Palm dale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
201114. Permittee

shall measure

and record,

for each Unit GEN 1/DB

1 and Unit GEN2/DB2,

the actual heat input (Btu)

on an hourly basis. 15. Permittee

shall measure

and record,

for the entire facility,

the following: a. Net energy output (MWhnet

afld kWhnet)

on an hourly basis; b. Pounds

of CO 2 per net energy output

(lb C0 2 /MWhnet)

on an hourly basis; c. Net heat rate (BtulkWhnet)

on an hourly basis, based

on total heat input

for the facility; d. The 365-day rolling average emission

rate
of lb C0 2 /MWhnet

and BtUlkWhnet.

The 365-day rolling average
shall

be based

on the average hourly recordings. G. Performance

Tests 1. Stack Tests a. Within

60 days after achieving normal operation,

but not later than
180 days after the initial startup

of equipment,

and, unless otherwise specified, annually thereafter (within

30 days

of the initial performance

test anniversary), Permittee

shall conduct performance

tests

(as described

in 40 CFR

§ 60.8)

as follows: i. NOx, CO, C0 2 , PM, PM 10
and PM 25 emissions

from each
gas turbine (Units GEN1/DB1

and GEN2/DB2); ii. NOx and CO emissions

from
the 110 MMBtu/hr
boiler (Dl) and the 40 MMBtuJhr
heater (D4); PM, PM 10
and PM 25 emissions

from
the 110 MMBtuJhr boiler (Dl) and the 40 .MMBtuJhr
heater (D4) shall

be tested initially

and

at least every five years (within

30 days

of the initial performance

test anniversary); iii. NOx, CO. PM, PM 10
and PM 25 emissions

from
the 2,000
kW (2,683

hp) internal combustion
engine (D2), initial performance

test and

at least every five years beginning

ten years after
the initial performance

test (within

30 days

of the initial performance

test anniversary); iv. NOx, CO. PM, PM 10
and PM 25 emissions

from
the 182 hp firewater pump (D3), initial performance

test and

at least every five years beginning

ten years after
the initial performance

test (within

30 days

of the initial performance

test anniversary);

and v. PM, PM 10
and PM 25 emissions

from
the cooling tower (D5). b. Permittee

shall submit

a performance

test protocol

to EPA

no later than

30 days prior to the test

to allow review

of the test plan and

to arrange

for
an observer

to be present 16 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(‘SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

2011at the test. The performance

test shall

be conducted

in accordance

with
the submitted protocol,

and any changes required

by EPA. c. Performance

tests shall

be conducted

in accordance

with the test methods

set forth

in 40 CFR

§ 60.8 and
40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

A,
as modified below.

In lieu

of the specified

test methods, equivalent methods

may

be used with prior written approval from EPA: i. EPA Methods

1-4 and 7E for NOx emissions measured

in ppmvd ii. EPA Methods

1-4, 7E, and

19 for NOx emissions measured

on

a heat input basis iii. EPA Methods

1-4 and

10 for CO emissions iv. EPA Methods

1-4 and
3B for CO 2 emissions v. EPA Methods

5 and 202,

or Methods
201A
and 202,
for PM, PM 10
and PM 25 ,

in accordance

with the test methods

set forth

in 40 CFR

§ 60.8,

40 CFR Part

60 Appendix

A, and
40 CFR Part

51 Appendix

M;

in lieu

of Method

202, Permittee may use
EPA Conditional

Test Methods

for particulate
matter CTM-039 vi. Modified Method

306

or the Cooling Tower Institute’s heated bead test method for PM emissions

from
the cooling tower,

and vii. the provisions

of 40 CFR

§ 60.8(f). d. The initial performance

test conducted

after initial startup shall use the test procedures

for

a “high NO 2 emission

site,”

as specified

in San Diego Test Method 100,

to measure
NOx emissions.

The source shall

be classified

as either

a “low”

or “high” NO 2 emission

site based

on these test results.

If the emission source

is classified

as

a: i. “high NO 2 emission

site,” then each subsequent performance

test shall use the test procedures

for

a “high NO 2 emission

site,”

as specified

in San Diego Test Method 100. ii. “low NO 2 emission

site,” then the test procedures

for

a “high NO 2 emission

site,” as specified

in San Diego Test Method

100, shall

be performed

once every
five years

to verify

the source’s classification

as

a “low NO 2 emission

site.” e. The performance

test methods

for NO emissions specified

in Condition

X.G.

1 .c.i and
ii., may

be modified

as follows: i. Perform

a minimum

of

9 reference method
runs, with

a minimum

time per run
of 21 minutes,

at

a single load level, between

90 and 100 percent

of peak

(or the highest physically achievable)

load, and ii. Use the test data both

to demonstrate compliance

with
the applicable

NOx emission

limit and

to provide

the required reference method

data for the RATA

of the CEMS.

17 Pabndale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

2011f. Upon written request

and adequate justification

from
the Permittee,

EPA may waive

a specific annual

test andlor allow

for testing

to be done

at less than maximum operating capacity. g. For performance

test purposes, sampling
ports, platforms,

and access shall

be provided

on the emission

unit exhaust system

in accordance

with
the requirements

of 40 CFR

§ 60.8(e). h. Permittee

shall furnish

the EPA

a written report

of the results

of performance

tests within

60 days

of completion. 2. Cooling Tower Total Dissolved
Solids Testing a. Permittee

shall perform weekly
tests

of the blow-down

water quality using

anEPAapproved method.

The operator.

shall maintain

a log that contains

the date and result of each blow-down

water quality

test, the water circulation

rate

at the time

of the test, and the resulting

mass emission

rate. This log shall

be maintained

onsite

for

a minimum

of five years
and shall

be provided

to EPA and District personnel

upon request. b. Permittee

shall calculate

PM, PM 10
and PM 2 . 5 emission

rate using

an EPA-approved calculation

based

on the TDS and water circulation

rate. c. The operator

shall conduct

all required cooling tower water quality
tests

in accordance

with

an EPA-approved

test and emissions calculation protocol. Thirty (30) days prior

to the first such test, the operator

shall provide

a written

test and emissions calculation protocol

for EPA review

and approval,

with

a copy

to the District

as specified

in Condition

XII below. d.

A maintenance procedure

shall

be established

that states how often and what procedures

will

be used

to ensure

the integrity

of the drift eliminators,

to ensure
that the TDS limits

are not exceeded,

and

to ensure compliance

with recirculation

rates. This procedure

is to be kept onsite

and made available

to EPA and District personnel upon request. Permittee

shall promptly report

any deviations

from this procedure. 3. Fuel Testing a. Permittee

shall take monthly samples

of the natural

gas combusted.

The samples shall

be analyzed

for sulfur content using

an ASTM method.

The sulfur content

test results shall

be retained onsite

and taken

to ensure compliance

with Special Conditions

X.C and X.E fbr Units GEN1/DBI, GEN2/DB2,

Dl, and D4.

As an 18 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(‘SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October

2011alternative, Permittee

may obtain laboratory analysis

of sulfur content from
the fuel supplier

on

a monthly basis,

if Permittee

can demonstrate

that the fuel tested

is representative

of fuel delivered/to

the facility. H. Monitoring

for Auxiliary Equipment 1. Permittee

shall install

and maintain

an operational non-resettable totalizing

mass

or volumetric

flow meter

in each fuel line for the 110 MMBtuJhr

boiler (Unit Dl) and the 40 MMBtuJhr
heater (Unit D4). 2. Permittee

shall install

and maintain

an operational non-resettable

elapsed
time meter

for the 110 MMBtu

/hr boiler (Unit

D t), 2,000
kW emergency

use engine (Unit D2),
the 182 hp emergency-use
firewater
pump (Unit D3), and the 40 MMBtuJhr
heater (Unit D4). 3. Permittee

shall install

and maintain

a leak detection system

on the circuit breakers

that signals

an alarm

in the facility’s control room

in the event that any circuit breaker
loses more than 10%

of its dielectric

fluid.
The owner/operator

shall promptly respond

to any alarm, investigate

the circuit breaker involved,

and fix any leak-tightness problems

that caused

the alarm. I. Recordkeeping

and Reporting 1. Permittee

shall maintain

a file
of all records,

data, measurements,

reports,

and documents related

to the operation

of the Facility, including,

but not limited

to, the following:

all records

or reports pertaining

to adjustments

and/or maintenance performed

on any system or device

at the Facility;

all records relating

to performance

tests and monitoring

of auxiliary combustion equipment;

for each diesel
fuel

oil delivery, documents

from
the fuel supplier certifying compliance

with
the fuel sulfur content limit

of Condition

X.E; and
all other information required

by this permit recorded

in

a permanent

form suitable for inspection. 2. Permittee

shall maintain CEMS records

that include

the following:

the occurrence

and duration

of any startup, shutdown, shakedown,

or malfunction, performance
testing, evaluations, calibrations,
checks, adjustments, maintenance, duration

of any periods during which

a continuous monitoring
system

or monitoring
device

is inoperative,

and corresponding
emission measurements. 3. Permittee

shall maintain records

of all source tests and monitoring

and compliance information required

by this permit. 4. Permittee

shall maintain records

and submit

a written report

of all excess emissions

to EPA semi-annually,

except when: more frequent reporting

is specifically required

by an 19 Palmdale ifybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October
2011applicable subpart;

or the Administrator,

on

a case-by-case

basis, determines

that more frequent reporting

is necessary

to accurately
assess

the compliance

status

of the source. The report

is due
on the

30 th day following

the end
of each semi-annual

period

and shall include

the following: a. Time intervals,

data and magnitude

of the excess emissions,

the nature

and cause

(if known), corrective actions taken
and preventive measures adopted; b. Applicable

time and date

of each period during which

the CEMS

was inoperative (monitor down-time),

except

for zero and span checks,

and the nature

of CEMS repairs

or adjustments; c.

A statement

in the report

of

a negative declaration;

that

is,

a statement
when

no excess emissions occurred

or when

the CEMS

has not been inoperative, repaired,

or adjusted; d. Any failure

to conduct

any required source testing, monitoring,

or other compliance activities;

and e. Any violation

of limitations

on operation, including

but not limited

to restrictions on hours

of operation. 5. Excess emissions

shall

be defined

as any period

in which

the Facility emissions exceed the maximum emission
limits

set forth

in this permit. 6.

A period

of monitor down-time

shall

be any unit operating
clock hour

in which sufficient data
are not obtained

by the CEMS

to validate

the hour
for NOx, CO, C0 2 ,

or 02, while the CEMS

is also meeting

the requirements of-Condition

X.F.7. 7. Excess emissions indicated

by the CEM system, source testing,

or compliance monitoring shall

be considered violations

of the applicable emission

limit
for the purpose

of this permit. 8. Permittee

shall maintain

the Fugitive

Dust Control

Plan on-site, which shall include

all documentation

related

to demonstrating compliance

with Condition
X.E.9

for Unit MV, in

a permanent

form suitable

for inspection. 9. Permittee

shall conduct annual tune-ups

as required

by Condition

X.E.

10 for Units

Dl and D4 and maintain onsite,

and submit

if requested

by the Administrator,

a biennial report containing

the information

in paragraphs

(a) through

(c) below: a. The concentrations

of CO

in the effluent stream

in parts
per million,

by volume,

and 20 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-01) PSD Permit October

2011oxygen

in volume percent, measured before

and after
the tune-up

of the boiler. b.

A description

of any corrective actions taken

as

a part

of the tune-up

of the boiler. c. The type and amount

of fuel used over
the

12 months prior

to the biennial tune-up of the boiler. 10. Permittee

shall record

the pounds

of dielectric

fluid added

to the circuit breakers

each month. 11. The Permittee

shall maintain

a cop5r

of the current operation

and maintenance

plan
for the STP, and shall keep

a copy

of all prior versions

of the plan
for

a minimum

of five years. The Permittee

shall also keep records

of the monitoring

data
for each

of the plant performance measures

and
all maintenance activities;

the Permittee

shall maintain

such records

for

a minimum

of five years following

the date they
are created 12. Unless otherwise specified herein,

all records required

by this PSD Permit
shall

be retained

for not less than five years following

the date

of such measurements, maintenance,
reports, andJor records. J. Shakedown Periods The combustion
turbine emission
limits
and requirements

in Conditions

X.C, X.D, and X.E shall not apply during combustion shakedown periods. Shakedown

is defined

as the period beginning

with initial startup

and ending

no later than initial performance
testing, during which

the Permittee conducts operational

and contractual
testing

and tuning

to ensure

the safe, efficient

and reliable operation

of the plant.
The shakedown
period shall not exceed

90 days. The requirements

of Section

III of this permit shall apply

at all times. 21 Palm dale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0!) PSD Permit October

2011Xl. ACROYNMS

AND ABBREVIATIONS AQMD

Air Quality Management
District ASTM
American Society

for Testing

and Materials BACT

Best Available Control Technology BTU

British Thermal

Unit CAA

Clean
Air Act CEMS Continuous Emissions Monitoring
System CFR

Code

of Federal Regulations CO

Carbon Monoxide C0 2 e

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent CTG Combustion Turbine Generator CTM Conditional

Test Method District
Antelope Valley

Air Quality Management
District DLN

Dry LowNOx (d)scf

(dry) Standard Cubic Feet EPA Environmental Protection Agency FDOC

Final Determination

of Compliance g

grams GE

General Electric GHG Greenhouse

Gas gpm

Gallons

Per Minute gr

grains HHV

Higher Heating Value l-IRSG

Heat Recovery
Steam Generator hp Horsepower hr

Hour IC

Internal Combustion kPa kilopascals kW

Kilowatt lb

Pounds lbs

Pounds MMBtu

Million British Thermal
Units MW
Megawatt NAAQS

National Ambient

Air Quality Standards NNSR Nonattainment

New Source Review NO 2
Nitrogen Dioxide NO

Oxides

of Nitrogen NSPS

New Source Performance Standards 02

Oxygen Ox-Cat
Oxidation Catalyst PHPI
Palmdale Hybrid Power Project 22 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0

1) PSD Permit October

2011PM

Total Particulate
Matter PM 25 Particulate Matter with aerodynamic diameter

less than
2.5 micrometers PM 10 Particulate
Matter with aerodynamic diameter

less than

10 micrometers ppm

Parts
Per Million ppmvd

Parts
Per Million

by Volume,

Dry basis ppmv

Parts
Per Million

by Volume PSD Prevention

of Significant Deterioration PUC

Public Utilities Commission RATA

Relative Accuracy Test Audit SCR
Selective Catalytic Reduction SF 6

Sulfur Hexafluoride SO 2

Sulfur Dioxide 5 Ox

Oxides

of Sulfur STG

Steam Turbine Generator STP Solar-thermal

Plant TDS

Total Dissolved
Solids tpy

Tons Per Year yr

Year XII. AGENCY NOTIFICATIONS All correspondence

as required

by this Approval

to Construct

must

be sent

to: A. Director,

Air Division
(Attn: AIR-5) EPA Region

IX 75 Hawthorne

Street San Francisco,

CA 94105-3901 Email: R9.AEOepa.gov Fax: (415) 947-3579 With

a copy

to: B. Air Pollution Control Officer Antelope Valley

Air Quality Management
District 43301 Division Street, Suite 206 Lancaster,

CA 93535 Fax: (661)723-3450

23 Palmdale Hybrid Power Project

(SE 09-0]) PSD Permit October

2011

## U .S. E N V IR O N M E N T A L P R O TE C T I O N A G E NCY
R E G I O N I X

F AC T S H EET AND A M B I E N T AIR Q UA L I T Y I M P AC T R E P O R T

F o r a C l e a n A i r A c t P re v e n t i o n o f

S i g n i f i c a n t D e t er i o r a t i o n P er m i t



# P a l m d a l e H y b r i d P o w er P r o j ec t PS D P er m it

N u m b er S E 09

- 01

A u g u s t 2011

### T h i s pag e l e

ft i n t e n ti ona ll

y b l an k

.

### P R O P O S E D P R E V E N T I O N O F S I G N I F I CAN T D ETE R I O RA T I O N P E R M I T
P A L M DA LE H Y B R I D P O W E R P R O J E C T
F a c t S h ee t a n d A mb i e n t A i r Q u a li t y I mp a c t R e p o r t

( P S D P er m i t S E 09

- 01 )



## T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s

A c r o n y m s & A

bb r e v i a t i o n s

.......................................................................................................... i
E x ec u t i v e S u mm a r y

..................................................................................................................... 1
1. P u r p o s e o f t h i s D o c u m e n t

...................................................................................................... 1
2. A pp li ca n t

............................................................................................................................... 1 3

. P r o j ec t L o ca t i o n

.................................................................................................................... 2
4

. P r o j ec t D e s c r i

p t i o n

................................................................................................................ 3 5. E mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e P r o p o s e d P r o

j ec t

..................................................................................... 7
6. A pp li ca b ilit y o f t h e P r e v e n t i o n o f S i g n i f i ca n t D e t e r i o r a t i o n R e gu l a t i o n s

................................. 9
7. B e s t A v a il a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l o g y

...................................................................................... 12
7 .1 B A C T f

o r N a t u r a l G a s C o m

b u s t i o n T u r b i n e G e n e r a t o r s

................................................ 16
7

. 1 .1 N i t r o g e n O x i d e E mi ss i o n s

...................................................................................... 16
7

. 1 .2 C a r b o n M o n o x i d e E mi ss i o n s

.................................................................................. 20
7

. 1 .3 P M

, PM 10 a n d PM 2

. 5 E mi ss i o n s

............................................................................... 23
7

. 1 .4 GHG E mi ss i o n s

..................................................................................................... 27
7

. 1 .5 B A C T D u r i n g S t a r t up a n d S h u t d o w n

..................................................................... 31
7

. 2. B A C T f

o r A u x ili a r y B o il e r a n d H ea t e r

..................................................................... 32
7

. 2 .1 N i t r o g e n O x i d e E mi ss i o n s

...................................................................................... 32
7

. 2 .2 C a r b o n M o n o x i d e E mi ss i o n s

.................................................................................. 33
7

. 2 .3 P M

, P M 10 a n d P M 2

. 5 E mi ss i o n s

........................................................................... 34
7

. 2 .4 GHG E mi ss i o n s

..................................................................................................... 37
7 .3 B A C T f

o r E m e r g e n c y I n t e r n a l C o m

b u s t i o n E n g i n e s

....................................................... 38
7

. 3

. 1 NO X , C O

, P M

, P M 10

, P M 2

. 5

, a n d GHG E mi ss i o n s

............................................... 38
7 .4 B A C T f

o r C oo li n g T o w e r

.............................................................................................. 40
7 .5 B A C T f

o r F ug i t i v e R o a d D u s t

....................................................................................... 43
7 .6 B A C T f

o r C i r c u i t B r ea k e r s

............................................................................................ 45
7

. 6 .1 GHG

...................................................................................................................... 45 8. A i r Q u a lit y I m

p ac t s

............................................................................................................. 46 8 .1 I n t r o du c t i o n

................................................................................................................... 47 8

. 1 .1 O v e r v i e w o f PS D A i r I m p ac t R e qu i

r e m e n t s

........................................................... 47 8

. 1 .2 I d e n t i f

i ca t i o n o f P H PP M o d e li n g D o c u m e n t a t i o n

................................................... 48 8

. 2. B ac kg r o u n d A m

b i e n t A i r Q u a li t y

............................................................................. 49 8 .3 M o d e li n g M e t h o d o l o g y f o r C l a ss II a r ea s

...................................................................... 50 8

. 3 .1 M o d e l s e l ec t i o n

...................................................................................................... 50 8

. 3 .2 M e t e o r o l o g y m

o d e l i n pu t s

...................................................................................... 51 8

. 3 .3 L a n d c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s m o d e l i npu t s

........................................................................... 51 8

. 3 .4 M o d e l r ece p t o r s

..................................................................................................... 52 8

. 3 .5 L o a d s c r ee n i n g a n d s t ac k p a r a m e t e r m o d e l i npu t s

.................................................. 53ii

8

. 3 .6 G oo d E n g i n ee r i n g P r ac t i ce ( G E P ) A n a l y s i s

........................................................... 54 8 .4 N a t i o n a l A m

b i e n t A i r Q u a lit y S t a n d a r d s a n d PS D C l a ss II I n c r e m e n t C o n s u m

p t i o n A n a l y s i s

............................................................................................................................... 55 8

. 4 .1 P o ll

u t a n t s w i t h s i g n i f

i ca n t e mi ss i o n s

....................................................................... 55 8

. 4 .2 P r e limi n a r y a n a l

y s i s : P r o j ec t

- o n l y im p ac t s

.............................................................. 55 8

. 4 .3 C u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s

..................................................................................... 56 8 .5 C l a ss I A

r ea A n a l y s i s

..................................................................................................... 62 8

. 5 .1 C l a ss I I n c r e m

e n t C o n s u m

p t i o n A n a l

y s i s

................................................................ 63 8

. 5 .2 V i s i

b ilit y a n d D e p o s i t i o n i n C l a ss I a r ea s

................................................................ 63
9. A dd i t i o n a l I m p ac t A n a l y s i s

.................................................................................................. 65
9 .1 S o il s a n d V e g e t a t i o n

...................................................................................................... 66 9 .2 V i s i b ilit y I m p a i r m e n t

...................................................................................................... 68
9 .3 G r o w t h

.......................................................................................................................... 68 10. E n d a n g e r e d S p ec i e s

............................................................................................................. 69 11. E nv i r o n m e n t a l J u s t i ce A n a l

y s i s

............................................................................................ 70
12. C l ea n A i

r A c t T i t l e I V ( A c i d R a i n P e r mi t ) a n d T it l e V ( O p e r a t i n g P e r mi t )

........................... 70 13. C o mm

e n t P e r i o d

, H ea r i n g , P u b li c I n f o r m a t i o n M ee t i n g , P r o ce du r e s f o r F i n a l D ec i s i o n , a n d
E P A C o n t ac t

.............................................................................................................................. 70
14. C o n c l u s i o n a n d P r o p o s e d A c t i o n

......................................................................................... 73

## A c r o n y m s & Abb r e v i at i o ns

A c t C l ea n A i

r A c t [ 42 U

. S

. C

. S ec t i o n 7401 e t s e q

. ]
A CC A i

r C oo l e d C o n d e n s e r A F C A

pp li ca t i o n f

o r C e r t i f i ca t i o n A g e n c y U

. S . E nv i

r o n m e n t a l P r o t ec t i o n A g e n c y A Q M D A i

r Q u a lit y M a n a g e m

e n t D i s t r i c t b
e x t L i g h t e x t i n c t i o n c o e ff i c i e n t B A B i o l o g i ca l A ss e ss m e n t B A C T B e s t A v a il a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l o g y B T U B r i t i s h t h e r m a l u n i t s C AA C l ea n A i

r A c t [ 42 U

. S

. C

. S ec t i o n 7401 e t s e q

. ] C E C C a li f

o r n i a E n e r g y C o mmi ss i o n C E M S C o n t i n u o u s E mi ss i o n s M o n it o r i n g S y s t e m C F R C o d e o f F e d e r a l R e gu l a t i o n s C O C a r b o n M o n o x i d e C T C o m

b u s t i o n T u r b i n e C T G C o m

b u s t i o n G a s T u r b i n e D L N D r y L o w NO
x G E G e n e r a l

E l ec t r i c GHG G r ee nh o u s e G a s ( G r ee nh o u s e G a s e s )

g / h p

- h r g r a m s p e r h o r s e p o w e r- h o u r
g r / s c f G r a i n s p e r S t a n d a r d C u b i c F ee t E A B E nv i

r o n m e n t a l A pp ea l s B o a r d
E P A U

. S . E nv i

r o n m e n t a l P r o t ec t i o n A g e n c y E S A E n d a n g e r e d S p ec i e s A c t E SP E l ec t r o s t a t i c P r ec i p it a t o r F W S U

. S

. F i s h a n d W il d li f e S e r v i ce HHV H i g h e r H ea t i n g V a l u e H P H o r s e p o w e r H R S G H ea t R ec o v e r y S t ea m G e n e r a t o r H T F H ea t T r a n s f e r F l u i d
I R I S I n t e g r a t e d R i s k I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m I S O I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n i za t i o n f o r S t a n d a r d s k m K

il o m e t e r s kW K

il o w a tt s o f e l ec t r i ca l p o w e r kW h r K

il o w a tt

- h o u r

m g / L M illi g r a m s p e r lit e r
μ g /m 3 M i c r o g r a m p e r C u b i c M e t e r MM B T U M illi o n B r i t i s h t h e r m a l u n it s M W M e g a w a tt s o f e l ec t r i ca l p o w e r N AA Q S N a t i o n a l A m b i e n t A i r Q u a li t y S t a n d a r d s N E S H A PS N a t i o n a l

E mi ss i o n S t a n d a r d s f

o r H aza r d o u s A i

r P o ll u t a n t s N M H C N o n

- m

e t h a n e H y d r o ca r b o n sii

NO N i t r o g e n o x i d e o r n it r i c o x i d e NO 2 N i t r o g e n d i o x i d e NO
x O x i d e s o f N i t r o g e n ( NO + NO 2 )
N P N a t i o n a l P a r k
N SPS N e w S o u r ce P e r f o r m a n ce S t a n d a r d s , 40 C F R P a r t 60
N S R N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w O 2 O x y g e n P H PP P a lm

d a l e H y b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t P M T o t a l P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r PM 2 .5 P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r l e ss t h a n 2

. 5 mi c r o m e t e r s ( μ m ) i n d i a m e t e r PM 10 P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r l e ss t h a n 10 mi c r o m e t e r s ( μ m ) i n d i a m e t e r PP M P a r t s p e r M illi o n PP M VD P a r t s p e r M illi o n b y V o l u m e , o n a D r y b a s i s PS D P r e v e n t i o n o f S i g n i f i ca n t D e t e r i o r a t i o n P TE P o t e n t i a l t o E mit P U C P u b li c U t ilit i e s C o mmi ss i o n R A T A R e l a t i v e A cc u r ac y T e s t A ud it RB L C U

. S . E P A R A C T / B A C T / L A E R I n f o r m a t i o n C l ea r i n g h o u s e S I L S i g n i f

i ca n t I m p ac t L e v e l
SF 6 S u l f

u r H e x a f l u o r i d e S N CR S e l ec t i v e N o n

- C a t a l y t i c R e du c t i o n SO 2 S u l f

u r D i o x i d e SO
x O x i d e s o f S u l f u r S T G S t ea m

T u r b i n e G e n e r a t o r T D S T o t a l D i ss o l v e d S o li d s T P Y T o n s p e r Y ea r VV 2 V i c t o r v ill e 2 ( H y b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t )
W A W il d e r n e ss A r ea1



## P r o p o s e d P re v e n t i o n of S i g n i f ic a n t D e t eri o r at i o n ( P SD ) P er m i t F a c t Sh ee t a nd A m b ie n t A ir Q u a li t y I m p a c t R e p o r t

P A L M DA LE H Y B RID P O WE R P R O JE C T

E x ec u t i v e Su mm a r y

T h e C i t y o f P a lm

d a l e h a s a pp li e d t o E P A R e g i o n 9 ( E P A ) f o r a u t h o r i za t i o n u n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A c t ( C AA ) P r e v e n t i o n o f S i g n i f i ca n t D e t e r i o r a t i o n ( PS D ) p r o g r a m t o c o n s t r u c t

a n e w p o w e r p l a n t t h a t w ill g e n e r a t e 570 m e g a w a tt s ( M W

, n o mi n a l ) o f e l ec t r i c it y u s i n g

n a t u r a l g a s a n d s o l a r e n e r g y . T h e p o w e r p l a n t

, k n o w n a s t h e P a lm d a l e H y b r i d P o w e r P r o j ec t ( P H PP o r P r o

j ec t )

, w ill b e l o ca t e d i n t h e t o w n o f P a lm d a l e , i n L o s A n g e l e s C o u n t y , C a li f

o r n i a . E P A i s i ss u i n g a p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P H PP

, w h i c h i s

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e r e qu i

r e m e n t s o f t h e PS D p r o g r a m f o r t h e f o ll o w i n g r ea s o n s :

§ T h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mi t r e qu i r e s t h e B e s t A v a il a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l o g y ( B A C T ) t o limi t e mi ss i o n s o f n it r o g e n o x i d e s ( NO
x )

, ca r b o n m o n o x i d e ( C O )

, t o t a l

p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r ( P M )

, p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r u n d e r 10 mi c r o m e t e r s ( μ m ) i n d i a m e t e r ( PM 10 )

, p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r u n d e r 2

. 5 ( μ m ) i n d i a m e t e r ( PM 2 .5 )

, a n d g r ee nh o u s e
g a s e s ( GHG )

, t o t h e g r ea t e s t e x t e n t f ea s i b l e ;

§ T h e p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n limit s w ill p r o t ec t t h e N a t i o n a l A m b i e n t A i r Q u a li t y S t a n d a r d s ( N AA Q S ) f

o r n it r o g e n d i o x i d e ( NO 2 )

, C O

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 . T h e r e a r e

n o N AA Q S f

o r P M o r G r ee nh o u s e G a s e s

.

§ T h e f

ac ilit y w ill n o t a d v e r s e l

y im p ac t s o il s a n d v e g e t a t i o n , o r a i r qu a li t y , v i s i

b ilit y ,
a n d d e p o s i t i o n i n C l a ss I a r ea s , w h i c h a r e p a r k s o r w il d e r n e ss a r ea s g i v e n s p ec i a l

p r o t ec t i o n u n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A c t

.


## 1

. P u r p o s e of t h i s D o c u m e n t

T h i s d o c u m

e n t s e r v e s a s t h e F ac t S h ee t a n d A m b i e n t A i r Q u a li t y I m

p ac t R e p o r t ( F ac t S h ee t / AA Q I R ) f

o r t h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e C it y o f P a lm

d a l e ’ s P r o j ec t . T h i s d o c u m e n t d e s c r i b e s t h e l e g a l a n d f

ac t u a l b a s i s f

o r t h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit

, i n c l ud i n g

r e qu i r e m e n t s u n d e r t h e C AA

, i n c l

ud i n g C AA s ec t i o n 165 a n d t h e PS D r e gu l a t i o n s a t T it l e 40 o f t h e C o d e o f F e d e r a l R e gu l a t i o n s ( C F R ) s ec t i o n 52

. 21 . T h i s d o c u m e n t a l s o s e r v e s a s

a F ac t S h ee t f

o r t h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit p e r 40 C F R s ec t i o n 124

. 8

.



## 2

. App lic a n t

T h e n a m e a n d a dd r e ss o f t h e a pp li ca n t i s a s f o ll o w s :2

C i t y o f P a lm

d a l e 38300 S i e rr a H i g h w a y , S u i t e A
P a lm d a l e , C A 93550



## 3

. P r oj ec t Lo c at i o n

T h e p r o p o s e d l o ca t i o n f

o r t h e P a lm

d a l e H y b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t i s 950 E a s t A v e n u e M

, P a lm d a l e , C a li f

o r n i a 93550

. I t i s l o ca t e d o n a n a pp r o x im a t e l y 333

- ac r e p a r ce l w e s t o f t h e

n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r o f A i

r F o r ce P l a n t 42

, a n d ea s t o f t h e i n t e r s ec t i o n o f S i e rr a H i g h w a y a n d
E a s t A v e n u e M . T h e C i t y o f P a lm d a l e i s l o ca t e d w it h i n t h e A n t e l o p e V a ll e y A i r Q u a lit y M a n a g e m e n t D i s t r i c t ( D i s t r i c t )

.

T h e m a p b e l o w s h o w s t h e a pp r o x im a t e l o ca t i o n o f t h e p r o p o s e d P r o j ec t

.3



## 4

. P r oj ec t D e s cri p t i o n

T h e C i t y o f P a lm

d a l e h a s s u b mi tt e d t o E P A a n a pp li ca t i o n f o r a PS D p e r mit f

o r t h e P H PP

. T h e C i t y o f P a lm

d a l e ’ s a pp li ca t i o n m a t e r i a l s f o r t h e PS D p e r mit f

o r t h e P r o j ec t a r e i n c l ud e d i n E P A ’ s a d mi n i s t r a t i v e r ec o r d f o r E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit . T h e P H PP w ill b e o w n e d b y t h e C i t y o f P a lm d a l e a n d t h e d e v e l o p m

e n t o f t h e P r o

j ec t w ill b e m a n a g e d b y I n l a n d E n e r g y

.

W e n o t e t h a t t h e C i t y o f P a lm d a l e a l s o h a s s u b mitt e d a pp li ca t i o n s f o r S t a t e a n d l o ca l

c o n s t r u c t i o n a pp r o v a l s f

o r t h e P r o j ec t t h a t a r e s e p a r a t e f

r o m E P A ’ s PS D p e r mitt i n g
p r o ce ss . T h e s e a pp li ca t i o n s a r e r e f e rr e d t o a s a n A

pp li ca t i o n f

o r C e r t i f i ca t i o n ( A F C )

s u b mi tt e d t o t h e C a li f

o r n i a E n e r g y C o mmi ss i o n ( C E C ) a n d a n a pp li ca t i o n f o r a D e t e r mi n a t i o n o f C o m

p li a n ce ( DO C ) s u b mitt e d t o t h e D i s t r i c t. T h e D i s t r i c t i ss u e d a f i n a l
DO C f o r t h e P r o j ec t o n M a y 13

, 2010 . T h e C E C i ss u e d it s F i n a l C o mmi ss i o n D ec i s i o n

a pp r o v i n g t h e P r o

j ec t ’ s A pp li ca t i o n f

o r C e r t i f i ca t i o n o n A ugu s t 10

, 2011 ( 08

- A F C

- 09 )

.

T h e P H PP i s d e s i g n e d t o u s e s o l a r t ec hn o l o g y t o g e n e r a t e a p o r t i o n o f t h e P r o j ec t ’ s

o u t pu t

. P r im a r y e qu i

p m e n t f o r t h e g e n e r a t i n g f

ac ili t y w ill i n c l

ud e t w o G e n e r a l

E l ec t r i c ( G E ) F r a m e 7 F A n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e

- g e n e r a t o r s ( C T G s ) r a t e d a t 154

m e g a w a tt ( M W

, g r o ss ) eac h

, t w o h ea t r ec o v e r y s t ea m g e n e r a t o r s ( H R S G s )

, o n e s t ea m
t u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r ( S T G ) r a t e d a t 267 M W

, a n d 251 ac r e s o f p a r a b o li c s o l a r- t h e r m a l

c o ll ec t o r s w i t h a ss o c i a t e d h ea t

- t r a n s f e r e qu i p m e n t . T h e P r o

j ec t w ill h a v e a n e l ec t r i ca l

o u t pu t o f 570 M W ( n o mi n a l ) o r 563 M W ( n e t ) . T h e G E C T G i n c o r p o r a t e s t h e “ R a p i d
S t a r t P r o ce ss ” ( R SP )

, w h i c h a ll o w s f o r s h o r t e r s t a r t up du r a t i o n s o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e s . T a b l e 4

- 1 li s t s t h e e qu i

p m e n t t h a t w ill b e r e gu l a t e d b y t h i s PS D p e r mit :4 T a b l e 4

- 1 : E qu i p m e n t L i s t

E qu i p m e n t D e s c r i p t i o n
T w o n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d
G E 7 F A R a p i d S t a r t P r o ce ss c o m

b u s t i o n
t u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r s ( C T G ) w i t h H ea t R ec o v e r y S t ea m G e n e r a t o r s ( H R S G ) • E ac h 154 M W ( g r o ss ) C T G

, w it h a m a x im u m h ea t i npu t

r a t e o f 1

, 736 MM B t u / h

r ( HHV )

• E qu i pp e d w it h n a t u r a l g a s du c t b u r n e r s , r a t e d a t 500
MM B t u / h r ( HHV ) f

o r eac h t u r b i n e s y s t e m

• E ac h C T G v e n t e d t o a d e d i ca t e d H ea t R ec o v e r y S t ea m G e n e r a t o r ( H R S G ) a n d a s h a r e d 267 M W S t ea m T u r b i n e G e n e r a t o r ( S T G )

• E mi ss i o n s o f NO X a n d C O c o n t r o ll e d b y D r y L o w

- NO X ( D L N ) C o m

b u s t o r s , S e l ec t i v e C a t a l

y t i c R e du c t i o n ( S CR )

,
a n d a n O x i d a t i o n C a t a l

y s t ( O x

- C a t )
A u x ili a r y B o il e r • 110 MM B t u / h r ( HHV ) w it h u l

t r a l o w

- NO X b u r n e r , f

i r e d

o n n a t u r a l g a s

E m e r g e n c y D i e s e l

- f

i r e d
I n t e r n a l C o m

b u s t i o n (I C ) E n g i n e • 2

, 000 kW ( 2

, 683 h p )

• 40 C F R P a r t 60

, S u b p a r t IIII e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

• C a li f o r n i a A i r R e s o u r ce s B o a r d T i e r 2 e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

E m e r g e n c y D i e s e l

- f

i r e d
I C F i r e w a t e r P u m

p E n g i n e • 182 h p ( 135 kW )

• 40 C F R P a r t 60

, S u b p a r t IIII e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

• C a li f o r n i a A i r R e s o u r ce s B o a r d T i e r 3 e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

A u x ili a r y H ea t e r • 40 MM B t u / h r ( HHV ) w it h u l

t r a l o w

- NO X b u r n e r , f

i r e d o n

n a t u r a l g a s

C oo li n g T o w e r • 130

, 000 g a ll o n s p e r mi n u t e m a x im u m c i r c u l a t i o n r a t e

• T o t a l d i ss o l v e d s o li d s ( T D S ) c o n ce n t r a t i o n i n m a k e up

w a t e r o f 5

, 000 pp m ( 531 m g / L )

• D r i f t e limi n a t o r w it h d r i f

t l o ss e s l e ss t h a n o r e qu a l t o 0

. 0005 p e r ce n t b a s e d o n c i r c u l a t i o n r a t e

C i r c u i t B r ea k e r s • E n c l o s e d

- p r e ss u r e SF 6 C i r c u it B r ea k e r s

• 0

. 5 % ( b y w e i g h t ) a nn u a l l ea k a g e r a t e

• 10 % ( b y w e i g h t ) l ea k d e t ec t i o n s y s t e m

M a i n t e n a n ce V e h i c l e T r a ff i c G e n e r a t i n g F ug i t i v e R o a d D u s t • M a i n t e n a n ce v e h i c l e s g e n e r a t i n g f ug it i v e r o a d du s t w h e n
t r a v e li n g o n p a v e d a n d u np a v e d r o a d w a y s i n t h e s o l a r f i e l d

w it h t h e P r o

j ec t

• P r o j ec t F ug it i v e D u s t C o n t r o l P l a n

E l ec t r i c i t y w ill b e g e n e r a t e d b y t h e c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r s w h e n t h e c o m b u s t i o n o f

n a t u r a l g a s t u r n s t h e t u r b i n e b l a d e s . T h e s p i nn i n g b l a d e s w ill d r i v e a n e l ec t r i c g e n e r a t o r

w i t h t h e p o t e n t i a l t o g e n e r a t e up t o 154 m e g a w a tt s ( M W ) o f e l ec t r i c it y f r o m eac h t u r b i n e

.5

T h e f ac ilit y w ill b e o p e r a t e d i n c o m b i n e d

- c y c l e m

o d e b eca u s e eac h t u r b i n e w ill c o nn ec t t o

a d e d i ca t e d h ea t r ec o v e r y s t ea m g e n e r a t o r ( H R S G )

, w h e r e h o t c o m b u s t i o n e xh a u s t g a s

w ill f l o w t h r o ug h a h ea t e x c h a n g e r t o g e n e r a t e s t ea m . T h e f ac ilit y w ill b e e qu i

pp e d w it h du c t b u r n e r s f

i r i n g n a t u r a l g a s t o i n c r ea s e s t ea m o u t pu t f r o m t h e H R S G du r i n g p e r i o d s o f

p ea k d e m a n d

.

T h e h y b r i d p l a n t d e s i g n w ill i n c l

ud e a 251

- ac r e s o l a r f

i e l d t h a t w ill c o n s i s t o f p a r a b o li c

s o l a r- t h e r m a l c o ll ec t o r s a n d a ss o c i a t e d h ea t t r a n s f e r e qu i p m e n t a rr a n g e d i n r o w s . T h e h ea t t r a n s f

e r f l u i d w ill b e c i

r c u l a t e d t o a b o il e r t o s upp l y s t ea m d i

r ec t l y t o t h e H R S G s t o i n c r ea s e e l ec t r i ca l g e n e r a t i o n f r o m t h e s t ea m t u r b i n e . T h e f l u i d w ill t h e n b e r ec i

r c u l a t e d t o
t h e s o l a r a rr a y s

. A n a u x ili a r y h ea t e r w ill b e u s e d t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e h ea t t r a n s f e r f l u i d d o e s

n o t f r eeze a n d s t a y s a b o v e 54 d e g r ee s F w h e n e v e r t h e s o l a r s t ea m u n it i s o ff

- li n e

.

T h e P r o j ec t w ill r e qu i

r e p e r i o d i c v e h i c l e t r a v e l o v e r t h e u np a v e d p o r t i o n s o f t h e s o l a r f i e l d

t o p e r f o r m r o u t i n e m a i n t e n a n ce i n c l ud i n g mi rr o r w a s h i n g , m a i n t e n a n ce i n s p ec t i o n s a n d

r e p a i r s o f t h e p i

p i n g n e t w o r k

, h e r b i c i d e a pp li ca t i o n a n d du s t s upp r e ss a n t a pp li ca t i o n

. F ug it i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s a r e e x p ec t e d f r o m m a i n t e n a n ce v e h i c l e t r a ff i c o n t h e u np a v e d

a r ea s i n t h e s o l a r f

i e l d s

.

T h e s t ea m g e n e r a t e d f

r o m eac h o f t h e H R S G s w ill d r i v e a 267 M W s t ea m t u r b i n e

. O n

s u nn y d a y s , t h e s o l a r a rr a y i s ca p a b l e o f p r o v i d i n g 50 M W o f t h e t o t a l e l ec t r i ca l g e n e r a t i o n f r o m t h e s t ea m t u r b i n e

. N e t p o w e r p l a n t o u t pu t

, a f t e r s u b t r ac t i n g e l ec t r i c it y u s e d o n

- s it e ,
w ill b e 563 M W

.

E xh a u s t g a s e x i t i n g t h e s t ea m t u r b i n e w ill e n t e r a c o n d e n s e r

. C oo li n g w a t e r c i r c u l a t i n g
t h r o ug h t h e c o n d e n s e r w ill c o n d e n s e t h e s t ea m i n t o w a t e r , w h i c h w ill b e c i r c u l a t e d b ac k t o

eac h H R S G . T h e c o n d e n s e r c oo li n g w a t e r w ill t h e n f l o w t h r o ug h a m

ec h a n i ca l d r a f

t w e t

c oo li n g t o w e r , w h e r e t h e r e m a i n i n g h ea t w ill b e d i ss i p a t e d t o t h e a t m

o s p h e r e , a n d s m a ll

qu a n t i t i e s o f d i ss o l v e d s o li d s w ill b ec o m e a i r b o r n e a s p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r

.

T h e d i a g r a m o n t h e f

o ll o w i n g p a g e s h o w s a s im p li f i e d d i a g r a m o f t h e p r o p o s e d P a lm d a l e H y b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t

.67

A i r P o ll u t i o n C o n t r o l
T h e P H PP w ill u s e S e l ec t i v e C a t a l y t i c R e du c t i o n ( S CR ) t o r e du ce NO X e mi ss i o n s f r o m
t h e c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r s . T h e S CR w ill u s e a qu e o u s a mm o n i a a s t h e r ea g e n t

,
w h e r e t h e ca t a l

y s t f ac ilit a t e s t h e r eac t i o n o f t h e a mm o n i a w it h NO X t o c r ea t e a t m o s p h e r i c

n i t r o g e n (N 2 ) a n d w a t e r . T h e P H PP w ill u s e a n o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t t o r e du ce e mi ss i o n s o f
C O a n d v o l a t il e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s ( VO C s )

. A l

t h o ug h C O i s r e gu l a t e d i n t h i s p r o p o s e d
PS D p e r mit

, VO C s a r e r e gu l a t e d b y t h e N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w ( N S R ) p e r mi t i ss u e d b y t h e D i s t r i c t

, a s e x p l a i n e d i n S ec t i o n 6 b e l o w

. P i p e li n e qu a li t y n a t u r a l g a s f u e l a n d g oo d

c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s w ill b e u s e d t o mi n imi ze p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s . T h e r m a l e ff i c i e n c y

w ill b e u s e d t o mi n imi ze GHG e mi ss i o n s

.

A dd i t i o n a l e qu i

p m e n t i n c l ud e s a n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d a u x ili a r y b o il e r e qu i

pp e d w it h a n u l

t r a l o w

- NO X b u r n e r , a n a t u r a l g a s

- f i r e d a u x ili a r y h ea t e r e qu i

pp e d w it h a n u l

t r a l o w

- NO X b u r n e r , a d i e s e l

- f

i r e d e m e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r a n d a d i e s e l

- f i r e d e m e r g e n c y f i r e w a t e r pu m

p

e n g i n e b o t h f

i r e d w i t h u l

t r a

- l o w s u l f

u r d i e s e l f u e l a n d c o m

p li a n t w it h f

e d e r a l N SPS

r e qu i r e m e n t s , a n d SF 6 c i

r c u i t b r ea k e r s w it h l ea k d e t ec t i o n s y s t e m s

.

P o w e r P l a n t S t a r t up I n a t y p i ca l c o m b i n e d

- c y c l e g a s t u r b i n e p o w e r p l a n t

, c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e s t ea m c y c l e

ca nn o t w i t h s t a n d r a p i d t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e s , limit i n g h o w f a s t t h e s t ea m t u r b i n e m a y b e

s t a r t e d . T h e “ r a p i d s t a r t " d e s i g n o f t h e P H PP i s e x p ec t e d t o r e du ce t h e t im e r e qu i r e d f o r
t h e s t ea m c y c l e t o s t a r t up . T h i s i s im p o r t a n t t o a i

r qu a li t y f o r t w o r ea s o n s

. F i

r s t

, t h e

e xh a u s t g a s t e m

p e r a t u r e w h e n t h e s t ea m c y c l e i s n o t o p e r a t i n g i s h i g h e r t h a n t h e d e s i g n
t e m p e r a t u r e w i n d o w f

o r t h e S CR a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t s

. S ec o n d

, t h e p l a n t w ill g e n e r a t e

m o r e e l ec t r i c i t y f

o r t h e a m o u n t o f f u e l b u r n e d w h e n t h e h o t g a s t u r b i n e e xh a u s t i s u s e d t o
p o w e r t h e s t ea m g e n e r a t o r i n c o m b i n e d c y c l e

.

T h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r i s p r im a r il y d e s i g n e d t o s h o r t e n t h e du r a t i o n o f s t a r t up s a s p a r t o f
G E ’ s R SP t ec hn o l o g y , t h u s mi n imi z i n g e mi ss i o n s du r i n g C T G s t a r t up

.


## 5

. E m i ss i o ns f

r o m t h e P r o p o s e d P r oj ec t

T h i s s ec t i o n d e s c r i

b e s t h e p o ll

u t a n t s t h a t a r e c o v e r e d b y t h e PS D p r o g r a m w it h i n t h e A n t e l o p e V a ll e y A i

r Q u a lit y M a n a g e m

e n t D i s t r i c t ( D i s t r i c t )

, w h i c h i s t h e a r ea i n w h i c h t h e P r o j ec t i s p r o p o s e d t o b e l o ca t e d

.

T h e C l ea n A i

r A c t ’ s N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w ( N S R ) p r o v i s i o n s i n c l ud e t w o p r ec o n s t r u c t i o n
p e r mi tt i n g p r o g r a m s

. F i

r s t

, t h e PS D p r o g r a m i s i n t e n d e d t o p r o t ec t a i r qu a li t y i n

“ a tt a i n m e n t a r ea s ,” 1 w h i c h a r e a r ea s t h a t m ee t t h e N a t i o n a l A m

b i e n t A i r Q u a li t y S t a n d a r d s ( N AA Q S ) . E P A i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i ss u i n g PS D p e r mit s f

o r m a j o r n e w s t a t i o n a r y s o u r ce s

e mitt i n g p o ll

u t a n t s t h a t a r e i n a tt a i n m

e n t w it h ( o r u n c l a ss i f

i a b l e f o r) t h e N AA Q S

, i n

1 PS D a l s o a pp li e s t o p o ll u t a n t s w h e r e t h e s t a t u s o f t h e a r ea i s un ce r t a i n ( un c l a ss i f i a b l e ) f o r N AA Q S

.8

g e n e r a l

, a n d w i t h i n t h e D i s t r i c t

.

S ec o n d

, t h e n o n a tt a i n m

e n t N S R p r o g r a m a pp li e s i n a r ea s w h e r e p o ll u t a n t c o n ce n t r a t i o n s

e x cee d t h e N AA Q S ( “ n o n a tt a i n m e n t a r ea s ” ) . T h e D i s t r i c t im p l e m e n t s t h e n o n a tt a i n m

e n t N S R p r o g r a m f

o r f ac ilit i e s w i t h i n it s b o u n d a r i e s e mitt i n g n o n a tt a i n m e n t p o ll u t a n t s a n d

t h e i r p r ec u r s o r s ( e

. g ., v o l a t il e o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s a n d n it r o g e n o x i d e s a r e p r ec u r s o r s t o

a m b i e n t o z o n e ) . T h e r e f

o r e , p o ll u t a n t s t h a t a r e i n n o n a tt a i n m e n t w it h t h e N AA Q S w it h i n
t h e D i s t r i c t a r e r e gu l a t e d u n d e r a s e p a r a t e n o n a tt a i n m e n t N S R p e r mit i ss u e d b y t h e D i s t r i c t

.

T a b l e 5

- 1 b e l o w d e s c r i

b e s t h e r e gu l a t e d p o ll

u t a n t s t h a t w ill b e e mitt e d b y t h e P r o j ec t a n d

t h e i r a tt a i n m e n t s t a t u s w i t h i n t h e D i s t r i c t

.

T a b l e 5

- 1 : N a t i o n a l A m b i e n t A i r Q u a l i t y S t a nd a r d A tt a i n m e n t S t a t u s f o r A n t e l o p e V a ll e y A i r Q u a l i t y M a n ag e m e n t D i s t r i c t

P o ll u t a n t A tt a i n m e n t S t a t u s P e r m i t P r og r a m

N i t r o g e n D i o x i d e ( NO 2 ) A tt a i n m e n t / U n c l a ss i f

i a b le PS D

S u l f u r D i o x i d e ( SO 2 ) A tt a i n m e n t / U n c l a ss i f

i a b l e PS D

C a r b o n M o n o x i d e ( C O ) A tt a i n m e n t PS D

P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r ( P M ) n /a 2 PS D

P a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r u n d e r 10 mi c r o m e t e r s d i a m

e t e r ( PM 10 ) U n c l a ss i f i a b l e PS D

P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r u n d e r 2

. 5
mi c r o m e t e r s d i a m

e t e r ( PM 2 .5 ) A tt a i n m

e n t / U n c l a ss i f

i a b l e PS D

O z o n e N o n a tt a i n m e nt 3 N A

- N S R

L ea d ( P b ) A tt a i n m e nt 4 PS D

S u l f u r i c A c i d M i s t (H 2 SO 4 ) n /a 2 PS D

H y d r o g e n S u l f

i d e (H 2 S ) n /a 2 PS D

T o t a l R e du ce d S u l f

u r ( T R S ) n /a 2 PS D

F l u o r i d e s n /a 2 PS D

G r ee nh o u s e G a s e s ( GHG ) n /a 2 PS D

T h e PS D p r o g r a m ( 40 C F R § 52

. 21 ) a pp li e s t o “ m a j o r ” n e w s o u r ce s o f p o ll

u t a n t s f o r

w h i c h a n a r ea h a s b ee n d e s i g n a t e d a tt a i n m e n t o r i s u n c l a ss i f

i a b l e

. A f o ss il f u e l

- f i r e d s t ea m

2 T h e r e a r e no n a ti on a l a m b i e n t a i r q u a lit y s t a nd a r d s (N AA Q S ) f o r P M , H 2 SO 4 , H 2 S

, T R S

, f l uo r i d e s , o r GHG s

. H o w e v e r , i n a dd iti on t o o t h e r p o ll u t a n t s f

o r w h i c h no N AA Q S h a v e b ee n s e t

, t h e s e p o ll u t a n t s a r e li s t e d

a s r e gu l a t e d

p o ll u t a n t s w it

h a d e f i n e d a pp li ca b ilit y t

h r e s ho l d und e r t

h e PS D r e gu l a ti on s ( 40 C F R § 52

. 21 )

. 3 B eca u s e NO
x i s a l s o a p r ec u r s o r t o o z on e i n t h i s a r ea, it w ill a l s o b e r e gu l a t e d b y t h e s e p a r a t e D i s t

r i c t o z on e nona tt a i n m e n t N e w S ou r ce R e v i e w p e r m it i n a dd iti on t o t

h i s PS D p e r m

it

. 4 A r ea h a s no t y

e t b ee n d e s i gn a t e d f

o r l ea d a nd i s t h e r e f o r e t r ea t e d a s a n a tt a i n m e n t

a r ea.9

e l ec t r i c p l a n t w i t h a h ea t i n pu t ca p ac it y o f 250 MM B t u / h r o r g r ea t e r , s u c h a s t h e P H PP

, t h a t e mit s o r h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o e mit ( P TE ) 100 t o n s p e r y ea r ( t p y ) o r m o r e o f a n y
p o ll u t a n t r e gu l a t e d u n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A ct 5

, i s d e f

i n e d a s a “ m a

j o r s o u r ce

. ”



## 6

. App lic a b ili t y of t h e P r e v e n t i o n of S i g n i f ic a n t D e t eri o r at i o n R e g u l at i o ns

T h i s s ec t i o n d e s c r i

b e s t h e PS D a pp li ca b ilit y t h r e s h o l d s , a n d o u r c o n c l

u s i o n t h a t NO 2 , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 , a n d GHG w ill b e r e gu l a t e d b y E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit

.

T h e e s t im a t e d e mi ss i o n s i n T a b l e 6

- 1 s h o w t h a t t h e P H PP w ill b e a m a j o r s o u r ce f

o r NO
x , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 a n d GHG . T h e a nn u a l e mi ss i o n d a t a i n T a b l e 3 ( b a s e d o n a ll o w a b l e

o p e r a t i o n up t o 8

, 760 h o u r s p e r y ea r) a r e b a s e d o n t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s m a x im u m e x p ec t e d

e mi ss i o n s , i n c l

ud i n g e mi ss i o n s f

r o m s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n c y c l e s . T h e a pp li ca n t a ss u m e s
t h a t a ll c o m

b u s t i o n -r e l a t e d e mi ss i o n s o f PM 10 a r e o f d i a m e t e r l e ss t h a n 2

. 5 mi c r o n s ( i

. e ., PM 2 .5 )

, w h i c h i s a c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e , a s s o m e p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s m a y f a ll i n t h e s i ze f r ac t i o n b e t w ee n 2

. 5 a n d 10 mi c r o m e t e r s

.

O n ce a s o u r ce i s c o n s i d e r e d m a j o r f o r a PS D p o ll

u t a n t

, PS D a l s o a pp li e s t o a n y o t h e r

r e gu l a t e d p o ll

u t a n t t h a t i s e mitt e d i n a s i g n i f i ca n t a m o u n t . T h e d a t a i n

T a b l e 3 s h o w t h a t

e mi ss i o n s o f s u l f

u r d i o x i d e ( SO 2 ) w ill b e l e ss t h a n t h e m a j o r s o u r ce t h

r e s h o l d a n d l e ss t h a n
t h e s i g n i f i ca n t e mi ss i o n r a t e . T h e r e f o r e , PS D d o e s n o t a pp l

y f o r SO 2 . E s t im a t e d e mi ss i o n s

o f t h e PS D -r e gu l a t e d p o ll u t a n t s f r o m eac h e mi ss i o n u n it a r e li s t e d i n T a b l e 6

- 1

.

5 O t h e r t y p e s o f “ s ou r ce ca t e go r i e s ” a r e s u b j ec t t o e it h e r t h e s a m e 100 t

p y t h r e s ho l d

, o r e l s e a 250 t

p y t h r e s ho l d

.10 T a b l e 6

- 1 : E s t i m a t e d E m i ss i o n s a nd P S D A pp l i c a b i l i t y

P o ll u t a n t E s t i m a t e d A nnu a l

E m i ss i o n s (t o n s / y e a r ) M a

j o r S o u r ce T h r e s h o l d (t o n s / y e a r ) S i g n i f i c a n t E m i ss i o n R a t e (t o n s / y e a r ) D o e s P S D

a pp l y?

C O 250

. 2 100 100 Y e s

NO 2 114

. 9 100 40 Y e s

P M 79

. 1 100 25 Y e s

PM 10 62

. 5 100 15 Y e s

PM 2 .5 56

. 0 100 15 Y e s

SO 2 8

. 9 100 40 N o

P b 0 0

. 6 0

. 6 N o

H 2 SO 4 3

. 4 7 7 N o

H 2 S ( i n c l

. T R S ) 0 10 10 N o

F l u o r i d e s 0 3 3 N o

GHG ( i n c l

. CO 2 e ) 1

, 913

, 000 100

, 000 75

, 000 Y e s11 T a b l e 6

- 2 : E s t i m a t e d E m i ss i o n s o f P S D

- R e g u l a t e d P o ll u t a n t s b y E m i ss i o n U n i t

C O NO X P M PM 10 PM 2 .5 GHG ( a ) CO 2 e ( b )

T o t a l F a c i l i t y 250

. 2 t p y 114

. 9 t p y 79

. 1 t p y 62

. 5 t p y 56

. 0 1 , 913 , 376 1 , 913 , 000

C T G + H R S G ( 2 ) 248

. 0 113

. 7 47

. 8 47

. 8 47

. 8 1

, 908

, 074 1

, 908

, 000

A u x i l i a r y H e a t e r 0

. 74 0

. 22 0

. 15 0

. 15 0

. 15 2

, 340 2

, 000

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. 20 0

. 20 0

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F i r e w a t e r P u m p 0

. 03 0

. 03 0

. 002 0

. 002 0

. 002 4

. 41 0

C oo l i n g T o w e r n / a n

/ a 7

. 13 7

. 13 7

. 13 n / a n

/ a
C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s n / a n

/ a n

/ a n

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/ a

N o t e s : ( a) R e p r e s e n t s a ll GHG e mi ss i o n s o n a m a ss b a s i s

. ( b) R e p r e s e n t s t h e ca r b o n d i o x i d e e qu i v a l e n t ( CO 2 e ) o f a ll GHG e mi ss i o n s , r o u n d e d t o t h e n ea r e s t 1

, 000 t o n s

. ( c) T h i s ca t e g o r y r e p r e s e n t s f ug i t i v e r o a d du s t e mi ss i o n s ( e

. g ., p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r e mi ss i o n s ) t h a t a r e e x p ec t e d f r o m m a i n t e n a n ce

v e h i c l e t r a ff

i c o n t h e u n

p a v e d a r ea s i n t h e s o l a r f

i e l d s

.12



## 7

. B e s t A

va il a b le C o n t r o l T

ec hn o l og y

T h i s s ec t i o n d e s c r i

b e s E P A ’ s B e s t A v a il a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l o g y ( B A C T ) a n a l y s i s f o r t h e

c o n t r o l o f NO
x , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2

. 5, a n d GHG e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h i s f ac ilit y

. S ec t i o n 169 ( 3 ) o f t h e C l ea n A i

r A c t d e f i n e s B A C T a s f

o ll o w s :

" T h e t e r m 'b e s t a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g y ' m ea n s a n e mi ss i o n limit a t i o n b a s e d o n
t h e m a x im

u m d e g r ee o f r e du c t i o n o f eac h p o ll u t a n t s u b j ec t t o r e gu l a t i o n u n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A c t e mitt e d f

r o m o r w h i c h r e s u l

t s f r o m a n y m a

j o r e mi tt i n g f

ac ili t y ,
w h i c h t h e p e r mitt i n g a u t h o r it y , o n a ca s e

- b y

- ca s e b a s i s , t a k i n g i n t o acc o u n t

e n e r g y , e nv i

r o n m e n t a l

, a n d ec o n o mi c im

p ac t s a n d o t h e r c o s t s , d e t e r mi n e s i s

ac h i e v a b l e t h

r o ug h a pp li ca t i o n o f p r o du c t i o n p r o ce ss e s a n d a v a il a b l e m e t h o d s ,
s y s t e m s , a n d t ec hn i qu e s , i n c l ud i n g f u e l c l ea n i n g o r t r ea t m

e n t o r i nn o v a t i v e f

u e l

c o m b u s t i o n t ec hn i qu e s f

o r c o n t r o l o f eac h s u c h p o ll u t a n t

. I n n o e v e n t s h a ll

a pp li ca t i o n o f ‘ b e s t a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g y ’ r e s u l t i n e mi ss i o n s o f a n y
p o ll u t a n t s w h i c h w ill e x cee d t h e e mi ss i o n s a ll o w e d b y a n y a pp li ca b l e s t a n d a r d

e s t a b li s h e d pu r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n 111 [ N e w S o u r ce P e r f o r m a n ce S t a n d a r d s o r N SPS ] o r 112 [ o r N E S H A PS ] o f t h e C l ea n A i r A c t

. "

S ee a l s o 40 C F R 52

. 21 ( b )( 12 )

. I n acc o r d a n ce w it h 40 C F R 52

. 21 ( j )

, a n e w m a

j o r

s t a t i o n a r y s o u r ce i s r e qu i

r e d t o a pp l

y B A C T f o r eac h r e gu l a t e d N S R p o ll u t a n t t h a t it

w o u l d h a v e t h e p o t e n t i a l t o e mit ( P TE ) i n s i g n i f i ca n t a m o u n t s

.

E P A o u t li n e s t h e p r o ce ss i t g e n e r a ll y u s e s t o d o t h i s ca s e

- b y

- ca s e a n a l y s i s (r e f e rr e d t o a s a

“ t o p

- d o w n ” B A C T a n a l

y s i s ) i n a J u n e 13

, 1989 m e m o r a n du m . T h e t o p

- d o w n B A C T

a n a l y s i s i s a w e ll

- e s t a b li s h e d p r o ce du r e t h a t E P A ’ s E nv i r o n m e n t a l A pp ea l s B o a r d ( E A B ) h a s c o n s i s t e n t l

y f o ll o w e d i n a d

j ud i ca t i n g PS D p e r mit a pp ea l s

. S ee , e

. g ., I n r e K n a u f

, 8
E. A

. D

. 121

, 129

- 31 ( E A B 1999 ) ; I n r e M a u i E l ec t r i c , 8 E. A

. D

. 1

, 5

- 6 ( E A B 1998 )

.

I n b r i e f

, u n d e r t h e t o p

- d o w n p r o ce ss , a ll a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s a r e r a n k e d i n d e s ce n d i n g o r d e r o f c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss . T h e PS D a pp li ca n t f i r s t e x a mi n e s t h e m

o s t

s t r i n g e n t t ec hn o l o g y . T h a t t ec hn o l o g y i s e s t a b li s h e d a s B A C T u n l e ss it i s d e m o n s t r a t e d

t h a t t ec hn i ca l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , o r e n e r g y , e nv i r o n m e n t a l

, o r ec o n o mi c im

p ac t s j u s t i f

y a

c o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e m

o s t s t r i n g e n t t ec hn o l o g y i s n o t ac h i e v a b l e f o r t h e ca s e a t h a n d

. I f t h e

m o s t s t r i n g e n t t ec hn o l o g y i s e limi n a t e d

, t h e n t h e n e x t m o s t s t r i n g e n t o p t i o n i s e v a l u a t e d

u n t il B A C T i s d e t e r mi n e d . T h e t o p

- d o w n B A C T a n a l y s i s i s a ca s e

- b y

- ca s e e x e r c i s e f o r t h e
p a r t i c u l a r s o u r ce u n d e r e v a l u a t i o n

. I n s u mm a r y , t h e f

i v e s t e p s i nv o l v e d i n a t o p

- d o w n B A C T e v a l

u a t i o n a r e :

1

. I d e n t i f

y a ll a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s w it h p r ac t i ca l p o t e n t i a l f o r a pp li ca t i o n t o
t h e s p ec i f i c e mi ss i o n u n it f

o r t h e r e gu l a t e d p o ll

u t a n t u n d e r e v a l

u a t i o n ;

2

. E limi n a t e t ec hn i ca ll

y i n f ea s i b l e t ec hn o l o g y o p t i o n s ;13 3

. R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s b y c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss ;

4

. E v a l u a t e t h e m

o s t e ff ec t i v e c o n t r o l a l

t e r n a t i v e a n d d o c u m

e n t r e s u l t s ,
c o n s i d e r i n g e n e r g y , e nv i

r o n m e n t a l

, a n d ec o n o mi c im

p ac t s a s a pp r o p r i a t e ; i f t o p

o p t i o n i s n o t s e l ec t e d a s B A C T, e v a l u a t e n e x t m

o s t e ff ec t i v e c o n t r o l o p t i o n ;

a n d

5

. S e l ec t B A C T, w h i c h w ill b e t h e m o s t s t r i n g e n t t ec hn o l o g y n o t r e j ec t e d b a s e d

o n t ec hn i ca l

, e n e r g y , e nv i r o n m e n t a l

, a n d ec o n o mi c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s

.

T h e p r o p o s e d P r o

j ec t i s s u b j ec t t o B A C T f

o r NO
x , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 , a n d GHG

e mi ss i o n s

. A B A C T a n a l y s i s w a s c o n du c t e d f

o r eac h o f t h e f

o ll o w i n g e mi ss i o n u n it s : t h e
t w o n a t u r a l g a s c o m

b u s t i o n t u r b i n e s , t h e 40 MM B t u / h r a u x ili a r y p r o ce ss h ea t e r , t h e 110
MM B t u / h r a u x ili a r y b o il e r , t h e t w o d i e s e l

- f i r e d i n t e r n a l c o m

b u s t i o n e n g i n e s , t h e f

ug it i v e

r o a d du s t e mi ss i o n s , t h e c oo li n g t o w e r a n d t h e c i r c u it b r ea k e r s . T a b l e s 7

- 1 a n d 7

- 2

p r o v i d e a s u mm a r y o f t h e B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s f o r NO X , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 , a n d
GHG f r o m t h e e mi ss i o n u n i t s li s t e d a b o v e

.14 T a b l e 7

- 1 : Su mm a r y o f NO X , C O , P M , PM 10 , a nd PM 2 .5 B AC T L i m i t s

a nd R e qu i r e m e n t s f

o r T e s t i n g a nd M o n i t o r i ng 6

NO X C O P M , PM 10 , a nd PM 2 .5 R e s t r i c t i o n s o n U s ag e

2 C o m bu s t i o n T u r b i n es ( eac h

, no du c t b u r n i ng) • 11

. 55 l b / h r

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e

• 2

. 0 pp m vd

, 15 % O 2

• C E MS

• Q u a r t e r l y

a nd A nnu a l
R A T A f o r C E Ms • 5

. 74 l b / hr 7

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e

• 1

. 5 pp m vd

, 15 % O 2 8

• C E MS

• Q u a r t e r l y

a nd A nnu a l
R A T A f o r C E Ms • 4

. 7 l b / h r

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• 0

. 0027 l b /MMBt

u

• P U C n a t

u r a l g a s ( S u l f

u r

< 0

. 20 g r / 100 d s c f on 12

- m on t h a v e r a g e a nd

no t e x cee d 1

. 0 g r

/ d s c f

a t a n y ti m e)

• A nnu a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng n /a

2 C o m bu s t i o n T u r b i n es ( eac h

, w it h
du c t b u r n i ng ) • 14

. 6 l b / h r

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e

• 2

. 0 pp m vd

, 15 % O 2 • 8

. 90 l b / h r

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e

• 2

. 0 pp m vd

, 15 % O 2 • 8

. 0 l b / h r

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• 0

. 0035 l b /MMBt

u

• P U C n a t

u r a l g a s ( S u l f

u r

< 0

. 20 g r / 100 d s c f on 12

- m on t h a v e r a g e a nd

no t e x cee d 1

. 0 g r

/ d s c f

a t a n y ti m e)

• A nnu a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng • T o t a l du c t b u r n i ng (D 3 &
D 4 ) < 2

, 000
h r s / y r

2 C o m bu s t i o n T u r b i n es ( eac h

, s t a r t

u p

a nd s hu t do w n) • C o l d S t a r t

- 52

. 4 l b / h r , 96 l b / e v e n t

• W a r m / H o t

– 30 l b /

h r , 40 l b / e v e n t

• S hu t do w n

– 114 l b /

h r , 57 l b / e v e n t

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e • C o l d S t a r t

- 224 l b / h r , 410 l b / e v e n t

• W a r m / H o t

– 247
l b / h r , 329 l b / e v e n t

• S hu t do w n

– 674 l b /

h r , 337 l b / e v e n t

• 1

- h r a v e r a g e n / a • C o l d S t a r t –110

m i nu t e s

• W a r m / H o t

– 80

m i nu t e s

• S hu t do w n

– 674
30 m i nu t e s

H e a t er 40 MM Bt u / h r ( HH V) • 9

. 0 pp m , 3 % O 2

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng a nd

a t l ea s t

e v e r y 5 y ea rs • 50

. 0 pp m , 3 % O 2

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng a nd

a t l ea s t

e v e r y 5 y ea rs • 0

. 3 l b / h r f o r H ea t e r

• 0

. 8 l b / h r f o r B o il e r

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• P U C n a t

u r a l g a s ( S u l f

u r

< 0

. 20 g r / 100 d s c f on 12

- m on t h a v e r a g e a nd

no t e x cee d 1

. 0 g r

/ d s c f

a t a n y ti m e ) • 1

, 000 h r / y r

• N on -r e s e tt a b l e

e l a p s e d ti m e

m e t e r B o il er 35 MM Bt u / h r ( HH V) • 500 h r / y r

• N on -r e s e tt a b l e

e l a p s e d ti m e

m e t e r

6 P H PP m u s t k ee p a ll r ec o r d s o f

a ll t e s ti ng , f

u e l u s e, a nd f

u e l t e s ti ng r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a p e r i od o f f

i v e ( 5 ) y ea r s a nd m

u s t

r e p o r t e x ce ss e m

i ss i on s t o E P A s e m

i

- a nnu a ll y , e x ce p t w h e n : m o r e f r e q u e n t r e p o r ti ng i s s p ec i f i ca ll y r e q u i r e d b y

a n

a pp li ca b l e s u bp a r t; o r t

h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r , on a ca s e

- b y

- ca s e b a s i s , d e t e r m i n e s t h a t m o r e f r e q u e n t r e p o r ti ng i s n ece ss a r y
t o acc u r a t e l y

a ss e ss t h e c o m p li a n ce s t a t

u s o f t h e s ou r ce. . 7 D u r i ng t h e i n iti a l 3

- y

ea r d e m on s t

r a ti on p e r i od

, t

h e li m it w ill b e 7

. 65 l b /

h r

. 8 D u r i ng t h e i n iti a l 3

- y

ea r d e m on s t

r a ti on p e r i od

, t

h e li m it w ill b e 2

. 0 pp m vd

, 15 % O 2.15 NO X C O P M , PM 10 , a nd PM 2 .5 R e s t r i c t i o n s o n U s ag e

E mer g e n c y G e n er a t or 2000 K W ( 2

, 683 h p ) • 6

. 4 g / K W

- h r , ( 4

. 8 g / h p

- h r) 9

• 3

- h r a v e r a ge

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng • 3

. 5 g / K W

- h r , ( 2

. 6

g / h p

- h r)

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng • 0

. 20 g / K W

- h r , ( 0

. 15

g / h p

- h r)

• 3

- h r a v e r a g e

• E x c l u s i v e u s e o f u lt

r a l o w s u l f u r f u e l

, no t t o

e x cee d 15 pp m vd s u l f

u r

• F u e l S u pp li e r C e r ti f i ca ti on

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng • 50 h r / y ea r

• N on -r e s e tt a b l e

e l a p s e d ti m e

m e t e r

F i re w a t er P u m p E n g i ne 135 K W ( 182
h p ) • 4

. 0 g / K W

- h r , ( 3

. 0 g / h p

- h r) 10

• 3

- h r t e s t

a v e r a g e

• I n iti a l P e r f

o r m a n ce T e s ti ng • 50 h r / y ea r

• A s r e q u i r e d f

o r f i r e t e s ti ng

• N on -r e s e tt a b l e

e l a p s e d ti m e

m e t e r
C oo li n g t o w er 130

, 000 g p m n / a n / a • 1

. 6 l b / h r ( t o t a l P M )

• < 0

. 0005 % d r i f

t

e li m i n a t o r s

• < 5000 pp m t o t a l
d i ss o l v e d s o li d s

• W ee k l y w a t e r q u a lit y
t e s ti ng n / a

C i rc u i t B re a k er s n a / n / a n

/ a n / a

M a i n t e n a n ce V e h i c l e n / a n / a • F

ug iti v e D u s t C on t

r o l
P l a n n / a

9 E m i ss i on s t a nd a r d s f

o r NO
x i n t

h e N e w S ou r ce P e r f

o r m a n ce S t a nd a r d f

o r s t a ti on a r y

c o m p r e ss i on i gn iti on i n t e r n a l

c o m b u s ti on e ng i n e s ( 40 C F R P a r t 60 S u bp a r t IIII ) a nd t h e C a li f o r n i a T i e r E m

i ss i on S t a nd a r d s a r e b a s e d on t h e s u m o f
NO
x a nd non

- m e t

h a n e h y d r o ca r b on s (N M H C )

. F o r t h e NO
x e m

i ss i on li m it s , t h e a pp li ca n t

a ss u m e s N M H C + NO
x
e m i ss i on s f r o m t h e e ng i n e a r e 95 % NO X
. 10 I b id

.16 T a b l e 7

- 2 : Su mm a r y o f GHG B AC T L i m i t s

a nd R e qu i r e m e n t s f

o r T e s t i n g a nd M o n i t o r i ng

GHG T e s t i n g a nd

M o n i t o r i n g R e s t r i c t i o n s o n U s ag e

2 C o m bu s t i o n T u r b i n es ( eac h

, no du c t b u r n i ng) • 774 l b CO 2 / M W h

s ou r ce

- w i d e n e t

ou t p u t

• 117 l b CO 2 /

MM Bt u h ea t i n p u t , eac h a t I S O s t a nd a r d d a y

c ond iti on s

• 30

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S t e p 1

- I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r NO X e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

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. g ., d r y l o w NO X ( D L N ) c o m b u s t o r s )17

• W a t e r o r s t ea m i n

j ec t i o n

• I n l e t a i

r c oo l e r s

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n NO X c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• S e l ec t i v e C a t a l

y t i c R e du c t i o n ( S CR ) s y s t e m

• E Mx TM s y s t e m ( f

o r m e r l y S C ONO x )

• S e l ec t i v e n o n

- ca t a l

y t i c r e du c t i o n ( S N CR )

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e O p t i o n s A ll o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s i d e n t i f i e d i n S t e p 1 a r e t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s A s u mm a r y o f r ece n t B A C T limi t s f o r s imil a r c o m

b i n e d

- c y c l e , n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d C T s i s p r o v i d e d i n T a b l e 7

- 3 . T h e r e i s o n e f ac ilit y t h a t w a s p e r mitt e d w it h a B A C T limit l e ss t h a n t h e limit
p r o p o s e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t . T h e I D C B e lli n g h a m f ac ili t y i n M a ss ac h u s e tt s w a s p e r mi tt e d i n 2000

w i t h a limi t o f 1

. 5 pp m

. H o w e v e r , t h i s p r o j ec t w a s ca n ce ll e d

, s o t h i s limit h a s n e v e r b ee n d e m o n s t r a t e d a s ac h i e v a b l e

. A ll r ece n t l y i ss u e d p e r mi t s i n d i ca t e t h a t a limit o f 2

. 0 pp m b a s e d o n a 1

- h r a v e r a g e r e p r e s e n t s t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f NO X c o n t r o l . T h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s a r e

r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n

T a b l e 7

- 4

.

S CR a n d E

Mx TM f o r NO X E m i ss i o ns S e l ec t i v e ca t a l

y t i c r e du c t i o n ( S CR ) i s a w e ll

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o r NO X c o n t r o l a n d h a s

s p ec i f i ca ll y ac h i e v e d NO X e mi ss i o n s o f 2

. 0 pp m o n a 1

- h r a v e r a g e o n l a r g e C T s ( g r ea t e r t h a n 100
M W )

.

E Mx TM t ec hn o l o g y ( f

o r m e r l y S C ONO x ) i s a r e l a t i v e l

y n e w e r t ec hn o l o g y t h a t h a s y e t t o b e d e m o n s t r a t e d i n p r ac t i ce o n C T s l a r g e r t h a n 50 M W . T h e m a n u f ac t u r e r h a s s t a t e d t h a t it i s a

s ca l a b l e t ec hn o l o g y a n d t h a t NO X gu a r a n t ee s o f < 1

. 5 pp m a r e a v a il a b l e. 11 A s a r e s u l t , E Mx TM i s

c o n s i d e r e d t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e f o r t h i s f ac ili t y

. H o w e v e r , it i s u n c l ea r w h a t NO X e mi ss i o n l e v e l s

ca n ac t u a ll

y b e ac h i e v e d b y t h e t ec hn o l o g y

.

W e f o u n d o n l y o n e B A C T a n a l

y s is t h a t d e t e r mi n e d t h a t E Mx T M/ S C ONO x w a s B A C T f o r a l a r g e C T. H o w e v e r , t h e acc o m p a n y i n g p e r mit f

o r t h e f ac ili t y , E l k H ill s P o w e r i n C a li f

o r n i a , a ll o w e d

t h e u s e o f S CR o r S C ONO x ( t h e f o r m e r n a m e o f E Mx TM ) t o m

ee t a p e r mi t limit o f 2

. 5 pp m , a n d

t h e ac t u a l t ec hn o l o g y t h a t w a s i n s t a ll e d i n t h a t ca s e w a s S CR

.

W e a l s o n o t e t h a t t h e R e dd i n g P o w e r P l a n t i n C a li f o r n i a , a 43 M W g a s

- f

i r e d C T, w a s p e r mi tt e d

w i t h a 2

. 0 pp m d e m

o n s t r a t i o n limi t u s i n g S C ONO x

. I n a l e tt e r d a t e d J u n e 23

, 2005 f r o m t h e S h a s t a C o u n t y A i

r Q u a lit y M a n a g e m

e n t D i s t r i c t ( S h a s t a C o u n t y A Q M D ) t o t h e R e dd i n g E l ec t r i c U t ilit y , h o w e v e r , i t w a s d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e u n it c o u l d n o t m ee t t h e d e m

o n s t r a t i o n limit a n d

, a s a

r e s u l t

, t h e limi t w a s r e v i s e d t o 2

. 5 pp m

. B a s e d o n t h e s e t w o e x a m p l e s , it a pp ea r s E Mx TM h a s b ee n d e m o n s t r a t e d t o ac h i e v e o n l

y 2

. 5 pp m a n d w e a r e t h e r e f o r e e v a l u a t i n g it a t t h i s limit

.

11 I n f o r m a ti on a v a il a b l e a t h tt

p :// e m e r ac h e m

n e w .c i p l e x

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x

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.18 T a b l e 7

- 4 : NO X C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

NO X C o n t r o l T ec hn o l ogy E m i ss i o n R a t e ( pp m v d @ 15 % O 2 , 1

- h r av e r ag e )
S CR w i t h d r y l o w NO X c o m b u s t o r s a n d i n l e t a i

r

c oo l e r s 2

. 0

E Mx TM w i t h d r y l o w NO X c o m b u s t o r s a n d i n l e t

a i r c oo l e r s 2

. 5

S N CR w i t h d r y l o w NO X c o m b u s t o r s a n d i n l e t

a i r c oo l e r s ~4 .5 12

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b u s t o r s a n d i n l e t a i

r c oo l e r s 9
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j ec t i o n > 9

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t h a s p r o p o s e d S CR

, t h e t o p -r a n k e d t ec hn o l o g y , a s B A C T. W e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o c o n s i d e r t h e c o ll a t e r a l e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h S CR . T h e S CR

s y s t e m r e qu i

r e s o n s i t e a mm

o n i a s t o r a g e a n d w ill r e s u l t i n r e l a t i v e l

y s m a ll a m

o u n t s o f a mm

o n i a s li p f r o m t h e C T s ’ e xh a u s t g a s e s

. A mm o n i a h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o b e a t o x i c s u b s t a n ce w it h h a r m f u l

s i d e e ff ec t s , i f e x p o s e d t h

r o ug h i nh a l a t i o n , i n g e s t i o n , s k i n c o n t ac t

, o r e y e c o n t ac t. 13 A mm o n i a h a s

n o t b ee n i d e n t i f

i e d a s a ca r c i n o g e n

. I t i s n o t e d t h a t t h e a pp li ca n t w ill u s e a qu e o u s a mm o n i a , w h i c h
i s c o n s i d e r e d t h e s a f

e r s t o r a g e m

e t h o d

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y , w e n o t e t h a t t h e C a li f

o r n i a E n e r g y C o mmi ss i o n ’ s P r e s i d i n g M e m b e r ’ s P r o p o s e d D ec i s i o n p r o p o s e s t o i n c l ud e C o n d it i o n s o f
C e r t i f i ca t i o n t o e n s u r e t h e s a f

e r ece i p t a n d s t o r a g e o f a qu e o u s a mm o n i a a t t h e P H PP. 14

A mm o n i a s li p e mi ss i o n s f

o r t h e p r o p o s e d s o u r ce a r e limit e d t o 5 pp m b y t h e n o n a tt a i n m e n t N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w ( N S R ) p e r mit i ss u e d b y t h e D i s t r i c t . T h e D i s t r i c t c o n du c t e d a H ea l t h R i s k
A ss e ss m e n t ( H R A ) t h a t i n c l

ud e d a mm

o n i a s li p e mi ss i o n s . T h e r e s u l

t s o f t h e a ss e ss m

e n t s h o w e d

t h a t t he m a x i mum n o n

- ca n ce r c h r o n i c a n d ac u t e h aza r d i n d i ce s w e r e bo t h l e ss t h a n t h e s i gn i f i ca n ce l e v e l o f 1

. 0 ( 0

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C o n s i d e r i n g t h e a b o v e f

ac t o r s , t h e p o ss i

b l e r i s k s a ss o c i a t e d w it h o n s it e s t o r a g e a n d u s e o f

a mm o n i a d o n o t a pp ea r t o o u t w e i g h t h e b e n e f it s a ss o c i a t e d w it h s i g n i f

i ca n t NO X r e du c t i o n s

.
S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n a r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s f o r NO X e mi ss i o n s f

r o m n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d

c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T f

o r C T s i s 2

. 0 pp m a t 15 % O 2 b a s e d o n a 1- h r a v e r a g e

. A dd i t i o n a ll

y , w e a r e a dd i n g a m a ss e mi ss i o n limit o f 11

. 55 l b / h r w it h o u t du c t f

i r i n g

a n d 14

. 6 l b / h r w i t h du c t f

i r i n g b a s e d o n a 1

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r a v e r a g e

.

12 T h i s i s a n a pp r ox i m a t e v a l u e t h a t w a s e s ti m a t e d

c on s i d e r i ng t

h a t t h e c on t r o l e ff ec ti v e n e ss o f S N CR h a s b ee n d e m on s t r a t e d t o b e b e t w ee n 40 a nd 60 p e r ce n t

. 13 I n f o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e f

r o m t h e A g e n c y f

o r T ox i c s S u b s t a n ce s a nd D i s ea s e R e g i s t r y a t h tt p :// www .a t s d r .c d c. gov /

p h s / p h s .a s p ? i d = 9 & ti d =2

. 14 T h i s i n f o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// www .e n e r g y .ca. gov / 2011p u b li ca ti on s /C E C

- 800

- 2011

- 005 /C E C

- 800

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005

- P M P D

. p df

. S ee c ond iti on s HA Z

- 1 t h r ough HA Z

- 6

. 15 S ee F i n a l D e t e r m

i n a ti on o f C o m

p li a n ce f o r P a l m d a l e H y

b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t i ss u e d b y t

h e D i s t r i c t on M a y 13

, 2010

, S ec ti on 8

.19 T a b l e 7

- 3 : Su mm a r y o f R ece n t NO X B AC T L i m i t s f o r S i m i l a r C o m b i n e d

- C y c l e , N a t u r a l ga s - f i r e d C T s

F a c ili t y L o c a t i o n NO X L i m i t A v er ag i n g P er i o d C o n tr o l P er m i t Iss u a n ce S o u rce

A v e n a l E n e r g y P r o

j ect 16 C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR M a y 2011 PS D P e r m it

W a rr e n C oun t y P o w e r S t a ti on V i r g i n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ D L N D ece m

b e r 2010 PS D P e r m it

C a r t y P o w e r P l a n t Or e gon 2

. 0 pp m 3

- h r r o lli ng S CR Dr a f t D ece m b e r 2010 RB L

C # O R

- 0048

L a ng l e y G u l c h P o w e r P l a n t I d a ho 2

. 0 pp m 3

- h r r o lli ng S CR/ D L N Dr a f

t D ece m b e r 2010 RB L

C # I D- 0018

L i v e O a k s P o w e r P l a n t G e o r g i a 2

. 5 pp m 3

- h r S CR/ D L N A p r il 2010 RB L C # GA

- 0138

C o l ou s a G e n e r a ti ng S t a ti on C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR M a r c h 2010 PS D P e r m it

V i c t o r v ill e II H y

b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t C a li f

o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR F e b r u a r y 2010 PS D P e r m it

M a d i s on B e ll E n e r g y C e n t e r T e x a s 2

. 0 pp m 24

- h r r o lli ng S CR A ugu s t 2009 RB L C # T X- 0548

C hou t ea u P o w e r P l a n t O k l a ho m a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ D L N J a nu a r y 2009 RB L C # O K

- 0129

K l ee n E n e r g y S y s t e m s C onn ec ti c u t 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ L N B F e b r u a r y 2008 RB L C # C T

- 0151

PS O S ou t h w e s t e r n P o w e r P l a n t O k l a ho m a 9

. 0 pp m -- D L N F e b r u a r y 2007 RB L C # O K

- 0117

F P L W e s t C oun t y E n e r g y C e n t e r U n it 3 F l o r i d a 2

. 0 pp m 24

- h r S CR/ D L N J u l y 2008 RB L C # F L

- 0303

F M P A C a n e I s l a nd P o w e r P a r k F l o r i d a 2

. 0 pp m 24

- h r S CR S e p t e m b e r 2008 RB L

C # F L

- 0304

Bl y t h e E n e r g y LL

C ( Bl y t h e II ) C a li f

o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 3

- h r S CR/ D L N A p r il 2007 PS D P e r m it

E l k H ill s P o w e r C a li f o r n i a 2

. 5 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ D L N o r S C ONOX J a nu a r y 2006 PS D P e r m it
M od i f i ca ti on

R o c k y Mount a i n E n e r g y C e n t e r C o l o r a do 3

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ L N B M a y 2006 RB L C # C 0

- 0056

S a n J o a q u i n V a ll e y E n e r g y C e n t e r C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR/ D L N A ugu s t 2006 PS D p e r m it

W a l nu t E n e r g y C e n t e r C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR 2004 C a li f o r n i a E n e r g y C o mm i ss i on

D on a l d V on R ae s f

e l d P o w e r P l a n t C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m 1

- h r S CR 2003 C a li f o r n i a E n e r g y C o mm i ss i on

I D C B e lli ngh a m M a ss ac hu s e tt s 1

. 5 pp m 1

- h r S CR 2000 S C A Q M D

- p r o j ec t

ca n ce ll e d

16 W e no t e t

h a t t h i s p e r m it i s c u rr e n tl y t

h e s u b j ec t o f a n a d m i n i s t r a ti v e a pp ea l t o E P A ’ s E A B; ho w e v e r , t h e a pp ea l do e s no t p e r t a i n s p ec i f i ca ll y t o t h e B A C T a n a l y s i s f o r NO
x o r t

h e p e r m it ’ s e m i ss i on li m it s f o r NO
x .20

7

. 1

. 2 C a r b o n M o n o x i d e E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r C O e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n C O c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• O x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t

• E Mx TM

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e A ll o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s i d e n t i f i e d i n S t e p 1 a r e t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s A s u mm a r y o f r ece n t B A C T limi t s f o r s imil a r c o m

b i n e d

- c y c l e , n a t u r a l

- g a s f

i r e d C T s i s p r o v i d e d i n T a b l e 7

- 5 . T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d u s i n g o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t w it h a limit o f 2

. 0 pp m ( w it h a n d

w i t h o u t du c t b u r n i n g ) b a s e d o n a 1

- h r a v e r a g e

. C u rr e n t l

y , t h e l o w e s t p e r mitt e d limit f o r

o x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t i s t h e K

l ee n E n e r g y f ac ili t y i n C o nn ec t i c u t

, w h i c h h a s a limit o f 0

. 9 pp m ( 1

. 8

pp m w i t h du c t f i r i n g ) b a s e d o n a 1

- h

r a v e r a g e . T h e K

l ee n E n e r g y f ac ilit y h a s r ece n t l

y b e gu n

c o mm e r c i a l o p e r a t i o n , b u t r e s u l t s f r o m c o m p li a n ce d e m

o n s t r a t i o n t e s t i n g a r e n o t a v a il a b l e a t t h i s
t im e. 17 T h e n e x t m

o s t s t r i n g e n t p e r mitt e d limit i s t h e A v e n a l E n e r g y P r o

j ec t i n C a li f

o r n i a , w h i c h
h a s a limit o f 1

. 5 pp m f

o ll o w i n g a d e m

o n s t r a t i o n p e r i od 18 ( 2

. 0 pp m w it h du c t b u r n i n g ) a n d a l s o

u s e s o x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t . T h e A v e n a l

E n e r g y P r o

j ec t h a s n o t b e gu n c o n s t r u c t i o n a t t h i s t im e

. B a s e d o n t h i s i n f

o r m a t i o n , o x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t i s b e i n g e v a l

u a t e d a t t h e m

o s t s t r i n g e n t c o n t r o l

o p t i o n

.

O x i da ti o n C a t a l y s t a n d E Mx TM

O x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t i s a w e ll

- d e m

o n s t r a t e d t ec hn o l o g y f

o r l a r g e C T s

. A s d i s c u ss e d i n t h e NO X B A C T a n a l

y s i s , i t i s c l ea r t h a t E Mx TM i s a n a v a il a b l e a n d t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e t ec hn o l o g y

. H o w e v e r , i

t i s u n c l ea r w h a t l e v e l o f c o n t r o l w o u l d b e ac h i e v e d b y t h e t ec hn o l o g y o n a l o n g

- t e r m b a s i s w i t h a s h o r t ( 1

- h

r) a v e r a g i n g p e r i o d . T h e m a n u f ac t u r e r c l a im s t h a t e mi ss i o n r a t e s b e l o w 1

pp m a r e ac h i e v a b l e , b u t t h e r e i s a l ac k o f i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t d e m

o n s t r a t e s t h i s o n l a r g e C T s

. W e

a r e n o t a w a r e o f a n y B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s t h a t h a v e r e qu i r e d E Mx TM f

o r C O e mi ss i o n s

. B a s e d

o n t h e l ac k o f i n f

o r m a t i o n f

o r s imil a r u n it s , E Mx TM i s c o n s e r v a t i v e l y b e i n g c o m

p a r e d a s e qu i v a l e n t

t o o x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t

.

17 S ee A ugu s t 4

, 2011 e m a il f r o m L ou i s C o r s i no t o L

i s a B ec kh a m

– “ K

l ee n E n e r g y

– Middl e t o w n , C T ”.

18 T h i s li m

it b ec o m e s e ff

ec ti v e a f t e r a 3

- y ea r d e m on s t

r a ti on p e r i od

, du r i ng w h i c h t h e li m it i s 2

. 0 pp m

. A s no t e d

a b ov e,
t h i s p e r m it i s c u rr e n tl y t

h e s u b j ec t o f a n a d m i n i s t r a ti v e a pp ea l t o E P A ’ s E A B; ho w e v e r , t h e a pp ea l do e s no t p e r t a i n

s p ec i f i ca ll y t o t h e B A C T a n a l y s i s f

o r C O o r t

h e p e r m it ’ s e m i ss i on li m it s f o r C O.

.21

T h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s a r e r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n

T a b l e 7

- 6

.

T a b l e 7

- 6 : C O C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

C O C o n t r o l T ec hn o l ogy E m i ss i o n R a t e ( pp m v d @ 15 % O 2 , 1-
h r av e r ag e , w i t h o u t du c t f i r i n g ) E m i ss i o n R a t e

( pp m v d @ 15 % O 2 , 1

- h r av e r ag e , w i t h du c t f i r i n g )
O x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t a n d g oo d

c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s 0

. 9

- 2

. 0 pp m 2

. 0

- 2

. 4 pp m

E Mx TM a n d g oo d c o m

b u s t i o n
p r ac t i ce s 0

. 9–2

. 0 pp m 2

. 0

- 2

. 4 pp m

G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s 8

. 0 pp m 8

. 0 pp m

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s A l t h o ug h E Mx TM i s b e i n g c o n s i d e r e d e qu i v a l e n t t o o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t f o r c o n t r o lli n g C O

e mi ss i o n s , i

t w a s d e t e r mi n e d t o b e i n f e r i o r t o S CR f

o r c o n t r o lli n g NO X e mi ss i o n s

. B eca u s e E Mx TM w o u l d n o t e n s u r e B A C T i s ac h i e v e d f o r NO X , it i s b e i n g e limi n a t e d i n t h i s s t e p du e t o

e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s

. O v e r a ll

, b e tt e r a n d m o r e r e li a b l e p o ll

u t i o n c o n t r o l f

o r NO X a n d C O w ill b e ac h i e v e d f

o r t h e P r o j ec t w i t h S CR a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t t h a n w it h

EM X TM

. W e a r e n o t a w a r e

o f a n y s i g n i f

i ca n t o r u n u s u a l a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h g oo d c o m b u s t i o n
p r ac t i ce s a n d a n o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n t h e r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T f

o r C O i s g oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s a n d a n o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t w it h a limit o f 1

. 5 pp m a t 15 % O 2 b a s e d

o n a 1

- h r a v e r a g e w i t h o u t du c t f

i r i n g , a n d 2

. 0 pp m w it h du c t f i r i n g

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , w e a r e a dd i n g a

m a ss e mi ss i o n limi t o f 5

. 74 l b / h r w i t h o u t du c t f

i r i n g a n d 8

. 90 l

b / h r w it h du c t f

i r i n g b a s e d o n a 1- h r a v e r a g e

. H o w e v e r , g i v e n t h e l ac k o f l o n g

- t e r m c o m p li a n ce d a t a f

o r t h e l o w e r limit s t h a t w o u l d

a pp l y w i t h o u t du c t f

i r i n g , w e f ee l i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o i n c l ud e p e r mit p r o v i s i o n s e s t a b li s h i n g a
t h r ee

- y ea r d e m

o n s t r a t i o n p e r i o d f

o r t h o s e limit s , du r i n g w h i c h t im e t h e limit w ill b e 2

. 0 pp m a t 15 % O 2 a n d 7

. 65 l

b / h r b a s e d o n a 1

- h

r a v e r a g e w it h o u t du c t f

i r i n g

.

D e m o n s t r a t i o n p e r i o d p e r mit p r o v i s i o n s w ill r e qu i r e t h a t

, p r i o r t o c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e p e r mi tt ee

s u b mit d e s i g n s p ec i f

i ca t i o n s a s p r oo f t h a t t h e g a s t u r b i n e s w e r e d e s i g n e d t o ac h i e v e 1

. 5 pp m . T h e
p e r mitt ee m

u s t a l s o s u b mit a p l a n t h a t s e t s f o r t h t h e m

ea s u r e s t h a t w ill b e t a k e n t o m a i n t a i n t h e

s y s t e m a n d o p t imi ze i t s p e r f o r m a n ce . T h e p e r mi tt ee m u s t o p e r a t e t h e g a s t u r b i n e s acc o r d i n g t o
t h e d e s i g n s p ec i f

i ca t i o n s a n d w i t h i n t h e d e s i g n p a r a m e t e r s , a n d c o n s i s t e n t w it h t h e m a i n t e n a n ce

a n d p e r f o r m a n ce o p t imi za t i o n p l a n

. F o ll o w i n g t h e f i r s t t h r ee y ea r s o f c o mm

e r c i a l o p e r a t i o n , t h e limi t s o f 1

. 5 pp m ( 1

- h o u r a v e r a g e ) w i t h o u t du c t f i r i n g w ill t a k e e ff

ec t u n l e ss t h e e mi ss i o n s a n d

o p e r a t i n g d a t a c o ll ec t e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e s e limit s a r e n o t f ea s i b l e , a n d t h e

a pp li ca n t s u b mit s a n a pp li ca t i o n t o E P A n o l a t e r t h a n t h e e n d o f t h e 3

- y ea r p e r i o d r e qu e s t i n g a

r e v i s i o n t o t h e limi t

. I f s u c h a r e v i s i o n i s r e qu e s t e d b u t E P A d e t e r mi n e s t h a t a r e v i s i o n i s n o t

w a rr a n t e d

, t h e l o w e r e mi ss i o n limi t w ill b ec o m e a pp li ca b l e

.22 T a b l e 7

- 5 : Su mm a r y o f R ece n t C O B AC T L i m i t s f o r S i m i l a r C o m b i n e d

- C y c l e , N a t u r a l ga s - f i r e d C Ts

F a c ili t y L o c a t i o n C O Li m i t (C O
Li m i t w i t h du c t f i r i n g ) A v er ag i n g P er i o d C o n t r o l P erm i t Iss u a n ce S o u rce

A v e n a l E n e r g y P r o

j ec t C a li f

o r n i a 1

. 5 ppm 19 ( 2

. 0

pp m ) 1

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ca t a l y s t J un e 2011 PS D P e r m it

W a rr e n C oun t y P o w e r S t a ti on V i r g i n i a 1

. 5 pp m ( 2

. 4

pp m w it h du c t b u r n i ng ) 1

- h r O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t/ G C P D ece m b e r 2010 PS D P e r m it

L a ng l e y G u l c h P o w e r P l a n t I d a ho 2

. 0 pp m 3

- h r r o lli ng O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t/ G C P Dr a f

t D ece m b e r 2010 RB L

C # I D- 0018

L i v e O a k s P o w e r P l a n t G e o r g i a 2

. 0 pp m 3

- h r O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t/ G C P A p r il 2010 RB L C # GA

- 0138

C o l ou s a G e n e r a ti ng S t a ti on C a li f o r n i a 3

. 0 pp m 3

- h r O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t M a r c h 2010 PS D P e r m it

V i c t o r v ill e II H y

b r i d P o w e r P r o j ec t C a li f o r n i a 2

. 0 pp m ( 3

. 0

pp m ) 1

- h r O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t F e b r u a r y 2010 PS D P e r m it

M a d i s on B e ll E n e r g y C e n t e r T e x a s 17

. 5 pp m 1

- h r r o lli ng G C P A ugu s t 2009 RB L C # T X- 0548

C hou t ea u P o w e r P l a n t O k l a ho m a 8

. 0 pp m 1

- h r G C P J a nu a r y 2009 RB L C # O K

- 0129

L a m a r P o w e r P a r t n e r s II T e x a s 15 pp m 24

- h r r o lli ng G C P J un e 2009 RB L C # T X- 0547

P a till o B r a n c h P o w e r P l a n t T e x a s 2

. 0 pp m 3

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ca t a l y s t J un e 2009 RB L C # T X- 0546

C a n e I s l a nd P o w e r P a r k F l o r i d a 8 pp m 24

- h r G C P S e p t e m b e r 2008 RB L

C # F L

- 0304

E l k H ill s P o w e r C a li f o r n i a 4

. 0 pp m 1

- h r O x i d a ti on

ca t a l y s t J a nu a r y 2006 PS D P e r m it
M od i f i ca ti on

K l ee n E n e r g y S y s t e m s C onn ec ti c u t 0

. 9 pp m ( 1

. 8

pp m w it h du c t f i r i ng ) 1

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ca t a l y s t F e b r u a r y 2008 RB L C # C T

- 0151

19 T h i s li m

it b ec o m e s e ff

ec ti v e a f t e r a 3

- y ea r d e m on s t

r a ti on p e r i od

. D u r i ng t

h e d e m on s t

r a ti on p e r i od

, t

h e li m it i s 2

. 0 pp m

.23

7

. 1

. 3 P M , PM 10 a nd PM 2

. 5 E m i ss i o n s

B eca u s e t h e a pp li ca n t h a s a ss u m e d t h a t a ll p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e t u r b i n e s a r e PM 2 .5 , t h e B A C T a n a l

y s e s f o r P M

, PM 10 a n d PM 2 .5 h a v e b ee n c o m b i n e d

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , t h e a n a l

y s i s e v a l u a t e s
t o t a l p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s

– c o n d e n s a b l e a n d f il t e r a b l e

.

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2

. 5 e mi ss i o n s i n c l ud e :

• L o w p a r t i c u l a t e f

u e l s , l o w s u l f

u r f u e l s , a n d / o r p i

p e li n e n a t u r a l g a s ( a l s o r e f e rr e d t o a s

“ c l ea n f u e l ” )

• G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s ( i n c l

ud i n g a i r i n l e t f il t e r)

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• C y c l o n e s ( i n c l

ud i n g m u l t i c l o n e s )

• W e t s c r u bb e r

• D r y e l ec t r o s t a t i c p r ec i p i t a t o r ( E SP )

• W e t E SP

• B a g h o u s e / f

a b r i c f il t e r

.

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e C o n t r o l O p t i o n s A ll o f t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i d e n t i f i e d a r e t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e e x ce p t f

o r c y c l o n e s ( i n c l

ud i n g

m u l t i c l o n e s )

. A l

t h o ug h c y c l o n e s h a v e b ee n i d e n t i f i e d a s b e i n g ca p a b l e o f m a r g i n a l PM 2 .5

c o n t r ol 20

, t h e l o w g r a i n l o a d i n g m a k e s t h e m t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e f o r t h i s a pp li ca t i o n . E P A ’ s A i r P o ll u t i o n C o n t r o l

T ec hn o l o g y F ac t S h ee t f o r C y c l o n e s ( E P A

- 452 / F

- 03

- 005 ) i d e n t i f i e s t y p i ca l

g r a i n l o a d i n g f

o r c y c l o n e s a s r a n g i n g f

r o m 1

. 0 t o 100 g r

/ s c f a n d b e i n g a s l o w a s 0

. 44 g r / s c f. 21 I n

c o n t r a s t

, t h e g r a i n l o a d i n g f o r t h e C T s ’ e xh a u s t s t r ea m w o u l d b e a b o u t 0

. 0015 g r / s c f b a s e d o n t h e

a pp li ca n t ’ s p r o p o s e d B A C T limi t s

. C y c l o n e s a r e g e n e r a ll y u s e d i n h i g h du s t a pp li ca t i o n s w h e r e a

m a j o r i t y o f t h e p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s a r e f il t e r a b l e e mi ss i o n s

. I n c o n t r a s t

, t h e m a j o r it y o f

e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e C T s w ill b e c o n d e n s a b l e p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s

A r e v i e w o f o t h e r B A C T limi t s f o r s imil a r c o m

b i n e d

- c y c l e n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d C T s i s p r o v i d e d i n T a b l e 7

- 7

. W e n o t e t h a t m a n y B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s t h a t w e r e c o n c l ud e d p r i o r t o J a n u a r y 1

, 2011 i n c l ud e d limi t s o n l

y f o r f il t e r a b l e P M. 22 B eca u s e o u r B A C T a n a l y s i s f o r t h e P r o j ec t m u s t

a dd r e ss t o t a l P M ( f

il t e r a b l e p l u s c o n d e n s a b l e )

, w e d i d n o t f u r t h e r e v a l

u a t e P M limit s a dd r e ss i n g

20

– I n f o r m a ti on a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// www .e p a. gov / a p ti/M a t e r i a l s / A P T I % 20413 % 20 s t

ud e n t/ 413 % 20 S t

ud e n t % 20 M a nu a l/ S M

_ c h % 204

. p df

. 21 I n f o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// www .e p a. gov /tt n

/ ca t c / d i r 1 / f

c y c l on

. p df

. 22 S ee 40 C F R 52

. 21 ( b )( 50 )

– O n o r a f t e r J a nu a r y 1

, 2011

, s u c h c ond e n s a b l e p a r ti c u l a t e m a tt e r s h a ll b e acc oun t e d f o r i n

a pp li ca b ilit y d e t e r m

i n a ti on s a nd i n e s t a b li s h i ng e m i ss i on s li m

it a ti on s f o r P M

, PM 2 .5 , a nd PM 10 i n PS D p e r m it s

.24

s o l e l y f il t e r a b l e P M

, w h i c h w o u l d n o t b e a pp li ca b l e h e r e . T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d a t o t a l P M limit

o f 12 l b / h r w i t h o u t du c t f

i r i n g a n d 18 l

b / h r w it h du c t f

i r i n g

. I n o r d e r t o c o m

p a r e t h e s e e mi ss i o n

r a t e s t o s imil a r f

ac ilit i e s , t h e s e limi t s w e r e c o nv e r t e d t o l b / MM B t u

– 0

. 0069 l

b / MM B t u , a n d
0

. 0079 l b / MM B t u , r e s p ec t i v e l

y

.

T h e m o s t r ece n t l

y p e r mitt e d u n i t s w i t h t o t a l P M limit s u s i n g l b / MM B t u a r e W a rr e n C o u n t y P o w e r S t a t i o n i n V i

r g i n i a ( W a rr e n C o u n t y ) a n d t h e C h o u t ea u P o w e r P l a n t i n O k l a h o m a ( C h o u t ea u )

. O f t h e s e t w o f ac ilit i e s , o n l

y t h e C h o u t ea u u n it i s o p e r a t i o n a l a n d d e m o n s t r a t e d t o b e i n c o m p li a n ce w i t h i t s P M limi t s. 23 T h e a pp li ca n t ’ s p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n r a t e s a pp ea r t o b e

s i g n i f i ca n t l y h i g h e r o n a l

b / MM B t u b a s i s w h e n c o m p a r e d t o C h o u t ea u ( 0

. 0035 l b / MM B t u ) a n d
W a rr e n C o u n t y ( 0

. 0027 l

b / MM B t u w i t h o u t du c t b u r n i n g a n d 0

. 0040 l b / MM B t u w it h du c t b u r n i n g ) . T h e r e s u l

t s f r o m t h e t o t a l P M t e s t i n g a t C h o u t ea u s h o w e d t o t a l P M e mi ss i o n s t o b e

e qu i v a l e n t t o 0

. 0029 l

b / MM B t u ( w i t h a 99 MM B t u / h r du c t b u r n e r). 24 T h e r e f

o r e , w e b e li e v e t h e

u n c o n t r o ll e d e mi ss i o n r a t e s t h a t s h o u l d b e e v a l u a t e d a r e 0

. 0027 l

b / MM B t u w it h o u t du c t b u r n i n g

a n d 0

. 0035 l

b / MM B t u w i t h du c t b u r n i n g

.

W e w e r e n o t a b l e t o i d e n t i f y a n y C T u s i n g a dd

- o n P M c o n t r o l s ; h o w e v e r , s u c h c o n t r o l s a r e

c o n s i d e r e d t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e a n d a r e t h e r e f

o r e b e i n g f

u r t h e r e v a l

u a t e d

. W e t E SP h a s b ee n

e v a l u a t e d a s t h e h i g h e s t p e r f

o r mi n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n b eca u s e a ll p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s a r e e x p ec t e d

t o b e PM 2 .5 a n d w e t E SP i s e x p ec t e d t o p e r f o r m b e tt e r i n t h i s r a n g e a s c o m p a r e d t o t h e o t h e r a ddo n c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s . T h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d t h e w e t s c r u bb e r a s a n o p t i o n du e t o p o ss i b l e i n c r ea s e s i n P M e mi ss i o n s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e t o t a l d i ss o l v e d s o li d s ( T D S ) c o n t e n t o f t h e w a t e r

a v a il a b l e a t t h e f

ac ilit y

. H o w e v e r , i t i s n o t c l ea r t h i s h a s e v e r b ee n d e m o n s t r a t e d a s a p r o b l e m a n d

t h e r e f o r e w e h a v e c o n s e r v a t i v e l y i n c l ud e d w e t s c r u bb e r f

o r f u r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n t h e B A C T

a n a l y s i s

. W e i d e n t i f

i e d a c o n t r o l e ff

i c i e n c y o f 90 % f

o r t h i s o p t i o n b a s e d o n t h e d o c u m e n t u s e d b y
t h e a pp li ca n t f

o r t h e ec o n o mi c a n a l

y s i s

- “ C o n t r o lli n g F i n e P a r t i c u l a t e M a tt e r U n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A c t : A M e n u o f O p t i o n s , ” p r e p a r e d b y t h e S t a t e a n d T e rr it o r i a l A i r P o ll u t i o n P r o g r a m A d mi n i s t r a t o r s ( S T A PP A ) a n d A ss o c i a t i o n o f L o ca l A i r P o ll u t i o n C o n t r o l O ff

i c i a l s ( L A P C O ) ( h e r e i n a f t e r “ C on t r o lli ng F i n e PM

” ). 25 T h e a pp li ca n t a l s o c o n s e r v a t i v e l y a ss u m e d 99 % PM 2 .5

c o n t r o l f o r b a g h o u s e a n d d r y

E SP

.

23 S ee A ugu s t 3

, 2011 e m a il f r o m L i s a B ec kh a m , E P A R e g i on 9

, t o S h i r l e y Ri v e r a, E P A R e g i on 9 r e : “ C hou t ea u P o w e r P l a n t i n O k l a ho m a”.

24 S ee A ugu s t 8

, 2011 e m a il s f r o m L i s a B ec kh a m , E P A R e g i on 9

, t o S h i r l e y Ri v e r a, E P A R e g i on 9 r e : “ C hou t ea u P o w e r P l a n t i n O k l a ho m a”.

25 I n f o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// www

. 4 c l ea n a i r

. o r g /

P M 25 M e nu

- F i n a l

. p df

.25 T a b l e 7

- 7 : Su mm a r y o f R ece n t P M B AC T L i m i t s f o r S i m i l a r C o m b i n e d

- C y c l e , N a t u r a l ga s - f i r e d C T s

F a c ili t y L o c a t i o n P M Li m i t ( P M Li m i t

w / D u c t F i r i n g ) T y p e o f P M -

F il t er a b l e ( F ) , T o t a l ( T ) A v er ag i n g

P er i o d C o n t r o l P erm i t Iss u a n ce S o u rce

A v e n a l E n e r g y P r o

j ect 26 C a li f

o r n i a 8

. 91 l b /

h r ( 11

. 78
l b / h r) 27 T PM 10 12

- m on t h

r o lli ng N a t

u r a l G a s F u e l J un e 2011 PS D P e r m it

W a rr e n C oun t y P o w e r S t a ti on V i r g i n i a 8 l b / h r ( 14 l b / h r) T PM 10 , T PM 2 .5 3

- h r --- D ece m b e r 2010 PS D P e r m it

W a rr e n C oun t y P o w e r S t a ti on V i r g i n i a 0

. 0027 l b /MMBt u ( 0

. 0040 l b /MMBt

u ) T PM 10 , T PM 2 .5 3

- h r --- D ece m b e r 2010 PS D P e r m it

C a r t y P l a n t Or e gon 2

. 5 l b /MM s c f F PM 10 --- Cl ea n F u e l Dr a f

t D ece m b e r 2010 RB L

C # O R

- 0048

L a ng l e y G u l c h P o w e r P l a n t I d a ho N o li m it F PM 10 --- G C P Dr a f t D ece m b e r 2010 RB L

C # I D- 0018

C o l u s a G e n e r a ti ng S t a ti on C a li f o r n i a 13

. 5 l b /

h r T P M

, T PM 10 12

- m on t h

r o lli ng N a t

u r a l G a s F u e l M a r c h 2010 PS D P e r m it

V i c t o r v ill e II H y

b r i d
P o w e r P r o

j ec t C a li f

o r n i a 12

. 0 l b /

h r ( 18

. 0 l b /

h r) T P M

, T P M 2

. 5 12

- m on t h

r o lli ng N a t

u r a l G a s F u e l M a r c h 2010 PS D P e r m it

C hou t ea u P o w e r P l a n t O k l a ho m a 6

. 59 l b / h r , 0

. 0035
l b /MMBt u T PM 10 3

- h r N a t u r a l G a s F u e l J a nu a r y 2009 RB L C # O K

- 0129

C a n e I s l a nd P o w e r P a r k F l o r i d a 2 g r S / 100 s c f T PM 10 --- F u e l S p ec S e p t e m

b e r 2008 RB L

C # F L

- 0304

F P L W e s t C oun t y E n e r g y C e n t e r U n it 3 F l o r i d a 2 g r S / 100 s c f P M/ PM 10 / PM 2 .5 --- F u e l S p ec J u l y 2008 RB L C # F L

- 0303

P l a q u e m i n e C og e n e r a ti on F ac ilit y L

ou i s i a n a 33

. 5 l b /

h r , 0

. 02
l b /MMBt u F PM 10 , T P M --- Cl ea n F u e l J u l y 2008 RB L C # L A

- 0136

A r e s n a l H ill P o w e r P l a n t L ou i s i a n a 24

. 23 l b / h r F P M --- G C P / P i p e li n e N G M a r- 08 RB L C # L A

- 0224

K l ee n E n e r g y S y s t e m s C onn ec ti c u t 11 l b / h r ( 15

. 2 l b /

h r) F PM 10 --- --- F e b r u a r y 2008 RB L C # C T

- 0151

26 A s no t e d

a b ov e, t h i s p e r m it i s c u rr e n tl y und e r a d m

i n i s t r a ti v e a pp ea l; ho w e v e r , t

h e a pp ea l do e s no t p e r t a i n s p ec i f i ca ll y t o t h e B A C T a n a l y s i s f

o r PM 10 o r t o t

h e
p e r m it ’ s e m i ss i on s li m

it s f o r PM 10
. 27 T h e s e li m

it s a r e e q u i v a l e n t t o 0

. 0048 l b /MBBt u w it hou t du c t f

i r i ng a nd 0

. 0049 l b /MMBt u w it h du c t f i r i ng , b a s e d on t

h e s i ze o f t

h e C Ts a nd du c t b u r n e r s

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 26 T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s a r e r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n T a b l e 7

- 8

.

T a b l e 7

- 8 : P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s E m i ss i o n R a t e ( l b / MM B t u , 3

- h r

av e r ag e ) E m i ss i o n R a t e

w / D u c t B u r n e r s ( l b / MM B t u , 3

- h r

av e r ag e )
W e t E SP 0

. 00004 0

. 00004
D r y E SP / B a g h o u s e 0

. 00004 0

. 00004

W e t S c r u bb e r ( V e n t u r i ) 0

. 0004 0

. 0004

B a s e li n e ( C l ea n F u e l ) 0

. 0027 0

. 0035

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t p r o v i d e d a c o s t a n a l y s i s b a s e d o n i n f

o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d i n C

on t r o lli ng F i n e PM

. A

m o d i f i e d v e r s i o n o f t h i s a n a l

y s i s i s p r o v i d e d i n

T a b l e 7

- 9 . T h e a m

o u n t o f PM 2 .5 r e m

o v e d i s b a s e d

o n t h e b a s e li n e ( n a t u r a l g a s ) e mi ss i o n r a t e s i n T a b l e 7

- 8

. B eca u s e a dd

- o n P M c o n t r o l s h a v e n o t b ee n a pp li e d t o C T s , t h e c o n t r o l e ff i c i e n c i e s e v a l

u a t e d a r e c o n s i d e r e d c o n s e r v a t i v e

. W it h c o s te ff ec t i v e n e ss v a l

u e s r a n g i n g b e t w ee n $109

, 000 a n d $193

, 000 p e r t o n o f PM 2 .5 r e m o v e d

, a dd

- o n

c o n t r o l s a r e c o n s i d e r e d c o s t

- p r o h i b i t i v e f o r t h e P H PP

.

T a b l e 7

- 9 : C o s t A n a l y s i s f o r A dd

- o n P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s

Wet ES P D r y ES P B ag h o u s e (p u l s e-jet

c l e a n ed) Wet Scr u bber

( V e n t u r i )

F lo w ra t e (ft 3 / m

in ) 946

, 777 946

, 777 946

, 777 946

, 777

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $20 $10 $6 $3

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $ ) $18

, 935

, 540 $9

, 467

, 770 $5

, 680

, 662 $2

, 366

, 942

. 50

C o st R ec ov e r y Fa c t o r 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11

Annu a li z e d Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/ y r) $2

, 082

, 909 $1

, 041

, 454

. 70 $624

, 872

. 82 $260

, 363

. 68

O & M C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $5 $3 $5 $4

. 40

O & M C o sts ( $/ y

r) $4

, 733

, 885 $2

, 840

, 331 $4

, 733

, 885 $4

, 165

, 819

T o t a l Annu a li z e d C o sts ( $/ y r) $6

, 816

, 794 $3

, 881

, 786 $5

, 358

, 758 $4

, 426

, 182

R em ov a l E ff

i c i e n c y 99

. 1% 99% 99% 90%

T on s o f PM 2 .5 R em ov e d ( T P Y ) 35

. 38 35

. 34 35

. 34 32

. 13
C o st E ff ec t iv e n e ss ( $/t on

r em ov e d ) $192

, 680 $109

, 830 $151

, 620 $137

, 760

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
A f t e r e limi n a t i n g w e t E SP

, d r y E SP

, f a b r i c f il t e r , a n d w e t s c r u bb e r du e t o ec o n o mi c im p ac t s , w eP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 27 h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t B A C T i s c l ea n f u e l

, g oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s , a P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 limit o f 0

. 0027 l

b / MM B t u w i t h o u t du c t b u r n i n g a n d a limit o f 0

. 0035 l b / MM B t u w it h du c t b u r n i n g b a s e d o n a 3

- h

r a v e r a g e

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , w e a r e s e tt i n g m a ss e mi ss i o n limit s o f 4

. 7 l b / h r

w i t h o u t du c t f

i r i n g a n d 8

. 0 l

b / h r w i t h du c t f

i r i n g b a s e d o n a 3

- h

r a v e r a g e

. B y “ c l ea n f

u e l ” w e

m ea n P u b li c U t ilit i e s C o mmi ss i o n ( P U C )- qu a li t y n a t u r a l g a s

. P U C

- qu a li t y p i p e li n e n a t u r a l g a s

s h a ll n o t e x cee d a s u l f

u r c o n t e n t o f 0

. 20 g r a i n s p e r 100 d r y s t a n d a r d c u b i c f ee t o n a 12

- m

o n t h

r o lli n g a v e r a g e a n d s h a ll n o t e x cee d a s u l f u r c o n t e n t o f 1

. 0 g r a i n s p e r 100 d r y s t a n d a r d c u b i c f ee t

,
a t a n y t im e . T h i s limi t i s l o w e r t h a n t h e limit p r o p o s e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t

. H o w e v e r , w h e n

c o m p a r i n g t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n r a t e s t o o t h e r r ece n t l y p e r mitt e d s o u r ce s , t h e

a pp li ca n t ’ s v a l

u e s a r e i n s o m

e ca s e s t w i ce a s h i g h . T h e a pp li ca n t r e li e d s o l e l y o n t h e V i c t o r v ill e II f ac ilit y i n C a li f

o r n i a i n p r o p o s i n g e mi ss i o n r a t e s

. W h il e t h e t w o f

ac ilit i e s a r e v e r y s imil a r , a B A C T

a n a l y s i s s h o u l d b e m

o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e i n e v a l

u a t i n g p r o p o s e d limit s

. A b r o a d e r r e v i e w o f r ece n t B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t B A C T i s l o w e r t h a n t h e limit s p r o p o s e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t

.

7

. 1

. 4 GHG E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y a ll c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s

T h e i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ude 28 :

• U s e o f n e w t h e r

m a ll y e ff i c i e n t c o m b i n e d cyc l e ga s t u r b i n es

– A c o m

b i n e d

- c y c l e g a s

t u r b i n e r ec o v e r s t h e w a s t e h ea t f r o m t h e g a s t u r b i n e u s i n g a h ea t r ec o v e r y s t ea m

g e n e r a t o r ( H R S G ) . T h e u s e o f t h e H R S G a ll o w s m o r e e n e r g y t o b e p r o du ce d w it h o u t

a dd i t i o n a l f

u e l u s e

.

T h e a dd

- o n c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• C a r bon c ap t u r

e and s e qu e s t r

a ti on ( CC S)

– CC S i s a t ec hn o l o g y t h a t i nv o l v e s ca p t u r e a n d

s t o r a g e o f CO 2 e mi ss i o n s t o p r e v e n t t h e i r r e l ea s e t o t h e a t m

o s p h e r e

. F o r a g a s t u r b i n e , t h i s i n c l ud e s r e m o v a l o f CO 2 e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e e xh a u s t s t r ea m , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f t h e CO 2 t o a n i n

j ec t i o n s i t e , a n d i n

j ec t i o n o f t h e CO 2 i n t o a v a il a b l e s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s

. P o t e n t i a l CO 2 s e qu e s t r a t i o n s i t e s i n c l ud e g e o l o g i ca l f

o r m a t i o n s ( i n c l

ud i n g o il a n d g a s f i e l d s f o r e nh a n ce d r ec o v e r y ) a n d o cea n s t o r a g e

.

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e t ec hn i c a ll y i n f e a s i b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s

CC S
A s d e s c r i b e d b r i e f l y a b o v e , CC S i nv o l v e s t h r ee m a i n c o m

p o n e n t s : ca p t u r i n g t h e CO 2 e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e e xh a u s t s t r ea m , t r a n s p o r t i n g t h e ca p t u r e d CO 2 t o t h e s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e , a n d i n j ec t i o n o f

t h e CO 2 i n t o a g e o l o g i c r e s e r v o i r f o r l o n g

- t e r m s e qu e s t r a t i o n

. A ll t h r ee o f t h e s e a s p ec t s a r e

r e l e v a n t w h e n d e t e r mi n i n g w h e t h e r CC S i s t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e f o r a p a r t i c u l a r p r o

j ec t

.

28 I n a dd iti on t o t

h e m ea s u r e s d i s c u ss e d h e r e s p ec i f i ca ll y f o r t h e g a s t u r b i n e s , w e no t e t

h a t t h e p r o j ec t d e s i gn i n c l ud e s 50
M W o f p o t e n ti a l s o l a r t

h e r m a l p o w e r g e n e r a ti on , w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s a n i nh e r e n tl y l o w e r- e m itti ng t ec hno l og y f

o r t h e f ac ilit y a s a w ho l e.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 28 T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d t o e limi n a t e CC S b eca u s e CO 2 ca p t u r e i s n o t t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e f o r C T s

. T h e a pp li ca n t i d e n t i f

i e d t h r ee p o t e n t i a l p r o ce ss e s f

o r ca p t u r i n g CO 2 f

r o m f l u e g a s : s o l v e n t

- b a s e d

p r o ce ss e s , s o r b e n t

- b a s e d p r o ce ss e s , a n d m e m b r a n e

- b a s e d p r o ce ss e s . T h e a pp li ca n t c o n c l ud e d

t h a t t h e s e p r o ce ss e s w e r e n o t t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e du e t o limit e d e x p e r i e n ce i n t h e e n e r g y i n du s t r y

a n d l ac k o f c o mm

e r c i a l d e m

o n s t r a t i o n s

. H o w e v e r , c o mm e r c i a l CO 2 r ec o v e r y p l a n t s h a v e b ee n i n

e x i s t e n ce s i n ce t h e l a t e 1970 s , w i t h a t l ea s t o n e p l a n t ca p t u r i n g CO 2 f r o m g a s t u r b i n e s. 29

, 30 T h e

a pp li ca n t a l s o i d e n t i f

i e d a s a h u r d l e t h a t c o mm e r c i a l d e m

o n s t r a t i o n s h a v e o n l

y ca p t u r e d a f

r ac t i o n

o f t h e CO 2 i n f

l u e g a s . T h i s c o n s i d e r a t i o n a pp ea r s t o b e l e ss o f a t ec hn i ca l f ea s i b ili t y i ss u e t h a n

o n e o f c o s t

, w h i c h w o u l d b e m o r e a pp r o p r i a t e l

y a dd r e ss e d i n S t e p 4 o f t h e B A C T a n a l y s i s

. B a s e d

o n a v a il a b l e i n f

o r m a t i o n , w e c o n s i d e r ca r b o n ca p t u r e f r o m g a s t u r b i n e s t o b e t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e f o r t h e P r o j ec t

.

I n i t s a pp li ca t i o n , t h e a pp li ca n t i d e n t i f i e d s e v e r a l g e o l o g i ca l f

o r m a t i o n s i n t h e l o w e r S a n J o a qu i n V a ll e y a n d V e n t u r a C o u n t y t h a t c o u l d p o t e n t i a ll y p r o v i d e a s u it a b l e s it e f

o r g e o l o g i c

s e qu e s t r a t i o n ; a m a p o f t h o s e s i t e s p r o v i d e d i n t h e P r o j ec t a pp li ca t i o n i s p r o v i d e d i n F i gu r e 7

- 1

.

W h il e g e o t ec hn i ca l a n a l

y s e s h a v e n o t b ee n c o n du c t e d t o v e r i f y t h e s u it a b ilit y o f t h e s e s it e s , o t h e r
p r o p o s a l s h a v e b ee n m a d e t o ca p t u r e a n d s e qu e s t e r CO 2 e mi ss i o n s i n t h e S a n J o a qu i n V a ll e y ; a s a

r e s u l t

, t h e r e i s a r ea s o n a b l e p r e s u m p t i o n t h a t s u it a b l e s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s d o e x i s t i n t h e s e a r ea s d e s p i t e t h e l ac k o f e x t e n s i v e s t ud i e s p r e p a r e d f o r t h i s P r o

j ec t

. N e v e r t h e l e ss , t h e p r im a r y i ss u e

w i t h t h e f ea s i b ilit y o f CC S i n t h i s ca s e li e s w it h t h e l o ca t i o n o f t h e P H PP i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e

s e qu e s t r a t i o n s i t e s a n d t h e s u rr o u n d i n g g e o g r a p h y

. A s s h o w n i n t h e f i gu r e a b o v e , s i g n i f

i ca n t

m o u n t a i n r a n g e s li e b e t w ee n t h e p r o j ec t l o ca t i o n a n d t h e p o t e n t i a l s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s ( o il f i e l d s , g a s f i e l d s , a n d o cea n s t o r a g e )

. S e qu e s t r a t i o n o f CO 2 e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e P r o

j ec t w o u l d r e qu i

r e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o f CO 2 p i

p e li n e s t h r o ug h t h e s e m

o u n t a i n s . T h e o ff

s it e l o g i s t i ca l b a rr i e r s o f

c o n s t r u c t i n g s u c h a p i

p e li n e ( e

. g ., l a n d ac qu i s it i o n , p e r mi tt i n g , li a b ili t y , e t c

. ) m a k e t h i s t ec hn o l o g y
t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e f o r t h e P r o j ec t

.

B eca u s e c o n s t r u c t i n g a n e w CO 2 p i p e li n e w a s d e t e r mi n e d t o b e t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e , t h e

a pp li ca n t a l s o e v a l

u a t e d w h e t h e r CO 2 p i

p e li n e s w e r e a l

r ea d y a v a il a b l e n ea r t h e p r o p o s e d P r o j ec t

. T h e T ec hn i ca l A d v i s o r y C o mmitt ee f o r t h e C a li f

o r n i a C a r b o n C a p t u r e a n d S t o r a g e R e v i e w P a n e l

s t a t e d i n a n A ugu s t 2010 r e p o r t t h a t t h e r e a r e n o e x i s t i n g CO 2 p i p e li n e s i n C a li f

o r n i a. 31 I n

a dd i t i o n , b a s e d o n a s ea r c h o f t h e C a li f o r n i a E nv i r o n m e n t a l Q u a li t y A c t ( C E Q A ) S t a t e C l ea r i n g h o u s e d a t a b a s e m a i n t a i n e d b y t h e C a li f o r n i a O ff i ce o f P l a nn i n g a n d R e s ea r c h

, t h e r e a r e

n o CO 2 p i p e li n e p r o j ec t s u n d e r w a y i n C a li f

o r n i a s u b j ec t t o C E Q A

. L a s t

, t h e a pp li ca n t a l s o

c o n t ac t e d t h e D e p a r t m

e n t o f O il

, G a s a n d G e o t h e r m a l R e s o u r ce s a n d f ac ili t i e s o p e r a t i n g i n K e r n C o u n t y , a n d a g a i n , f

o u n d n o e x i s t i n g p i

p e li n e s i n C a li f

o r n i a

.

29 H e r z og , H

. J ., “ A n I n t

r odu c ti on t o C O 2 S e p a r a ti on a nd C a p t u r e T ec hno l og i e s ,” E n e r g y L a b o r a t o r y W o r k

i ng P a p e r , ( 1999 )

. A v a il a b l e a t h tt

p :// s e q u e s t

r a ti on

. m it .e du / p d f /i n t r odu c ti on

_ t o

_ ca p t

u r e. p df

. 30 J ohn s on , D

., R e dd y , S

., & B r o w n , J

. H

. ( 2009 )

, C o mm e r c i a ll y A v a il a b l e C O 2 C a p t u r e T ec hno l og y

. P o w er

. R e t r i e v e d
f r o m h tt p :// www

. p o w e r m a g .c o m

/ c o a l/ 2064

. h t ml

. 31 T h i s i n f

o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// c li m a t ec h a ng e.ca. gov / ca r b on

_ ca p t u r e

_ r e v i e w _p a n e l/

m ee ti ng s / 2010

- 08-
18 / w h it e _p a p e r s /C a r b on

_ D i ox i d e

_ P i p e li n e s

. p df

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 29 F i g u r e 7 -1 P o t e n t i a l CO 2 S e qu e s t r a t i o n S i t e s i n S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a

D a t a s ou r ce : N a ti on a l E n e r g y T ec hno l og y L a b o r a t o r y , D e p a r t m e n t o f E n e r g y

. 2010 C a r b on S e q u e s t r a ti on A tl a s o f t

h e U n it e d S t a t e s a nd C a n a d a, T h i r d E d iti on

I n s u m , w h il e w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t CO 2 ca p t u r e a n d s t o r a g e i s t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e , w e

c o n c l ud e t h a t t r a n s p o r t o f t h e ca p t u r e d CO 2 t o t h e p o t e n t i a l s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s i s n o t f ea s i b l e

. A s

a r e s u l t

, CC S i s n o t t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e f o r t h e P r o j ec t a n d w ill n o t b e c o n s i d e r e d f u r t h e r i n t h e B A C T a n a l

y s i s

. W e n o t e t h a t e v a l

u a t i o n o f l o n g

- t e r m CO 2 s t o r a g e i s a n im p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h eP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 30 t ec hn i ca l f

ea s i b ilit y a n a l y s i s

. H o w e v e r , b eca u s e t r a n s p o r t o f CO 2 i s n o t t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e , it i s

n o t n ece ss a r y t o e v a l

u a t e t h e f ea s i b ilit y o f CO 2 s t o r a g e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s A f t e r e limi n a t i o n o f CC S a s a p o t e n t i a l c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g y , t h e u s e o f a t h e r m a ll y e ff i c i e n t

c o m b i n e d

- c y c l e g a s t u r b i n e a n d a c o m b i n e d

- c y c l e f

ac ili t y a r e t h e o n l

y c o n t r o l m

e t h o d s r e m a i n i n g

. T h e e x p ec t e d e mi ss i o n s f r o m a f ac ilit y w it h t h e s e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s i s c o m p a r e d w it h t h e e mi ss i o n s f r o m a s im p l e

- c y c l e g a s t u r b i n e i n

T a b l e 7

- 10

. C u rr e n t l

y , t h e o n l y o t h e r s imil a r f

ac ili t y w it h a GHG B A C T limi t i s t h e R u ss e ll C i t y E n e r g y C e n t e r , t o b e l o ca t e d i n H a y w a r d

, C a li f o r n i a . T h e PS D p e r mit f

o r t h i s f ac ilit y h a s a v o l

u n t a r y GHG limit o f a h ea t r a t e n o t t o e x cee d 7

, 730 B t u /kW h
f o r eac h C T a n d H R S G

.

T a b l e 7

- 10 : GHG C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

GHG C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s E m i ss i o n R a t e ( l b CO 2 / M W h )
N e w c o m b i n e d

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b i n e d

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- 996

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, 319

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy , a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t h a s c h o s e n t h e h i g h e s t r a n k e d c o n t r o l o p t i o n f o r eac h u n it

, a n d w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f

a n y s i g n i f i ca n t o r u n u s u a l a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e c h o s e n t ec hn o l o g y

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n a r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s f

r o m n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d

c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T f

o r t h i s s o u r ce i s t h e u s e o f n e w t h e r m a ll y

e ff i c i e n t C T s a n d e mi ss i o n limi t s o f 774 l b CO 2 / M W

h f o r s o u r ce

- w i d e n e t o u t pu t

, a n d 117 l b
CO 2 / MM B t u h ea t i n

pu t f o r eac h g a s t u r b i n e a n d du c t b u r n e r ( b o t h b a s e d o n a 30

- d a y r o lli n g

a v e r a g e ) . T h e e mi ss i o n limi t s a r e b a s e d o n t h e e mi ss i o n f ac t o r p r o v i d e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t o f 53

. 06 kg / MM B t u , t h e 1

, 736 MM B t u / h r h ea t i npu t o f eac h C T o p e r a t i n g 8

, 760 h o u r s p e r y ea r , a n d t h e 550 MM B t u / h

r du c t b u r n e r f

o r eac h C T o p e r a t i n g 2

, 000 h o u r s p e r y ea r

.

A n u m b e r o f i ss u e s r e g a r d i n g t h e s e limit s b ea r c l a r i f i ca t i o n

. F i

r s t

, t h e p o ll

u t a n t t h a t i s s u b

j ec t t o

r e gu l a t i o n u n d e r t h e C l ea n A i r A c t f o r PS D p e r mitt i n g pu r p o s e s i s a g r o up o f s i x g a s e s : ca r b o n d i o x i d e , m

e t h a n e , n i t r o u s o x i d e , h y d r o f l u o r o ca r b o n s , p e r f

l u o r o ca r b o n s , a n d s u l f

u r h e x a f l u o r i d e

. A s a g e n e r a l m a tt e r , i t m a y t h u s b e a pp r o p r i a t e t o e s t a b li s h B A C T limit s o n a CO 2 e b a s i s

. I n t h i s

ca s e , h o w e v e r , w e h a v e e l ec t e d t o e s t a b li s h t h e B A C T limit f o r CO 2 s p ec i f

i ca ll y . T h e pu r p o s e o f

t h i s i s t o e n a b l e t h e u s e o f CO 2 C E M S f o r m o n it o r i n g pu r p o s e s

. B eca u s e t h e C E M S a r e r e qu i r e d
f o r o t h e r r e gu l a t o r y pu r p o s e s , t h e y o ff e r a c o s t

- e ff

ec t i v e a n d r e li a b l e m

e t h o d f o r m o n it o r i n g

32 T h e s e f

i gu r e s a r e b a s e d on GHG p e r f o r m a n ce i n f

o r m a ti on p r ov i d e d b y t

h e a pp li ca n t i n T a b l e s 3 a nd 4 t o t h e P H PP GHG B A C T A n a l y s i s d a t e d M a y 2011

. T h e s e v a l u e s a r e d e r i v e d f r o m 2008 d a t a f

r o m t h e C a li f o r n i a E n e r g y C o mm i ss i on f o r s i m il a r f ac iliti e s w it

h e n e r g y ou t

p u t o f a t l ea s t 3

, 000 G W h p e r y ea r

. 33 T h e s e nu m

b e r s a r e b a s e d on t

h e p r o p o s e d C Ts o p e r a ti ng i n s i m p l e c y c l e w it h a g r o ss ou t

p u t o f 154 M W

eac h

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 31 c o m p li a n ce

. U s i n g CO 2 a s a s u rr o g a t e f o r t h e t o t a l e mi ss i o n s o n a CO 2 e b a s i s i s a pp r o p r i a t e i n
t h i s ca s e b eca u s e n i t r o u s o x i d e a n d m e t h a n e a r e e mi tt e d f

r o m C T s i n mi n o r a m

o u n t s a n d t h e

m a j o r i t y o f t h e GHG e mi ss i o n s ac t u a ll y a r e CO 2
. F o r e x a m

p l e , E P A ’ s e mi ss i o n f

ac t o r s f o r CO 2 ,
m e t h a n e , a n d n i t r o u s o x i d e f r o m t h e c o m

b u s t i o n o f n a t u r a l g a s a r e 53

. 06 kg / MM B t u , 0

. 0059 kg / MM B t u , a n d 0

. 0001 kg / MM B t u , r e s p ec t i v e l y . T h e e mi ss i o n f

ac t o r f o r a ll GHG s o n a CO 2 e b a s i s i s 53

. 21 kg / MM B t u . T h u s , e v e n a f t e r acc o u n t i n g f

o r t h e g l o b a l w a r mi n g p o t e n t i a l o f

m e t h a n e a n d n i t r o u s o x i d e , t h e CO 2 e mi ss i o n f ac t o r acc o u n t s f

o r 99

. 7 % o f t h e e mi ss i o n o n a CO 2 e b a s i s

. F u r t h e r , a n e mi ss i o n limi t a t i o n t h a t limit s CO 2 e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e c o m

b u s t i o n o f

n a t u r a l g a s i nh e r e n t l

y limi t s t h e e mi ss i o n o f m e t h a n e a n d n it r o u s o x i d e

. A s a r e s u l t

, w e b e li e v e
t h a t f o r t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s o u r ce , f o r m u l a t i n g t h e e mi ss i o n limit s a n d m o n it o r i n g r e qu i

r e m e n t s i n
t e r m s o f CO 2 r a t h e r t h a n o n a CO 2 e b a s i s i s a pp r o p r i a t e . T h e a pp li ca n t h a s p r o p o s e d a B A C T limit o f 1

, 020

, 000 t o n s o f CO 2 p e r y ea r f o r eac h C T. H o w e v e r , a limit b a s e d o n t h e a m o u n t o f
CO 2 g e n e r a t e d p e r M W

h w ill e n s u r e t h a t t h e C T s a r e o p e r a t i n g a t p ea k e ff i c i e n c y

. A n i npu tb a s e d limi t i s a l s o n ece ss a r y t o e n s u r e p ea k o p e r a t i n g e ff i c i e n c y o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e b eca u s e t h e

s o l a r t h e r m a l o p e r a t i o n w ill a t t im e s c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e e l ec t r i c o u t pu t

.

7

. 1

. 5 B AC T D u r i n g S t a r t up a nd Shu t d o w n

I t i s n o t t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e t o u s e S CR a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t t o c o n t r o l NO X a n d C O e mi ss i o n s

w h e n t h e e qu i

p m e n t i s o u t s i d e o f t h e m a n u f ac t u r e r ’ s r ec o mm

e n d e d o p e r a t i n g t e m

p e r a t u r e r a n g e s

. F o r S CR a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t t h i s o cc u r s du r i n g t u r b i n e s t a r t up o r s h u t d o w n . T h e r e f o r e , B A C T i s ac h i e v e d b y mi n imi z i n g t h e t im e f o r s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n . T h e P H PP w ill h a v e a 110
MM B t u / h r a u x ili a r y b o il e r t h a t w ill b e u s e d t o r e du ce t h e s t a r t up t im e f o r eac h t u r b i n e . T h e

a pp li ca n t h a s p r o p o s e d t h e f o ll o w i n g NO X a n d C O e mi ss i o n r a t e limit s f o r eac h e v e n t :

• H o t / W a r m S t a r t up : 40 p o u n d s o f NO X a n d 329 p o u n d s o f C O p e r t u r b i n e

• C o l d S t a r t up : 96 p o u n d s o f NO X a n d 410 p o u n d s o f C O p e r t u r b i n e

• S h u t d o w n : 57 p o u n d s o f NO X a n d 337 p o u n d s o f C O p e r t u r b i n e

A n e v a l u a t i o n o f s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n e mi ss i o n limit s f o r o t h e r s imil a r s o u r ce s f

o u n d a w i d e

r a n g e o f limit s

. I n m a n y ca s e s , limi t s a r e b a s e d o n p o u n d s p e r h o u r o r p o u n d p e r e v e n t, 34 a n d t h i s

a pp r o ac h m a k e s i t d i ff

i c u l t t o c o m p a r e B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s b eca u s e m a ss e mi ss i o n r a t e s v a r y b a s e d o n t h e s i ze o f t h e u n i t

. O t h e r f ac ili t i e s h a v e l o n g e r a v e r a g i n g p e r i o d s ( 24

- h r)

, w h i c h m a y i n c o r p o r a t e s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n e mi ss i o n s

. B eca u s e t h e P H PP h a s s h o r t 1

- h o u r a v e r a g i n g
p e r i o d s , i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o s e t limi t s o n a m a ss b a s i s a n d limit t h e du r a t i o n o f s t a r t up a n d

s h u t d o w n e v e n t s

. B a s e d o n t h e a v a il a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e e mi ss i o n r a t e limit s a n d f a s t s t a r t up a n d

s h u t d o w n t im

e s f o r t h e C T s r e p r e s e n t B A C T f o r NO
x a n d C O du r i n g s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n

. T h e r e f o r e , w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t B A C T du r i n g s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n f o r NO X a n d C O f

o r t h e P H PP i s a s d e s c r i

b e d b e l o w i n

T a b l e 7

- 11

.

34 R ece n tl y i ss u e d p e r m

it s w it h t h e s e t y p e s o f li m it s i n c l ud e t

h e p e r m it s f o r t h e A v e n a l E n e r g y P r o

j ec t i n C a li f

o r n i a, t h e R u ss e ll Cit y E n e r g y P r o

j ec t i n C a li f

o r n i a, t h e V i c t o r v ill e II H y

b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t i n C a li f

o r n i a, a nd t

h e C o l u s a G e n e r a ti ng S t a ti on i n C a li f o r n i a.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 32 I n a dd i t i o n , w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e s t a r t up du r a t i o n limit s a l s o c o n s t it u t e B A C T f o r GHG

e mi ss i o n s , b eca u s e t h e s h o r t e r s t a r t up t im e i n c r ea s e s t h e o v e r a ll t h e r m a l e ff i c i e n c y o f t h e f

ac ilit y

. T h e r e f o r e , B A C T f

o r t h e P H PP ’ s GHG e mi ss i o n s du r i n g s t a r t up i s 110 mi n u t e s f o r a c o l d s t a r t up

a n d 80 mi n u t e s f

o r a w a r m

/ h o t s t a r t up

.

T a b l e 7

- 11 : Su mm a r y o f NO X a nd C O B AC T L i m i t s D u r i n g S t a r t up a nd Shu t d o w n

NO X C O D u r a t i o n

C o l d St a rt u p 96 l b/ e v e n t 410 l b/ e v e n t 110 m inu t e s 52

. 4 l b/ h r 224 l b/ h r

W a r m / H o t St a rt u p 40 l b/ e v e n t 329 l b/ e v e n t 80 m inu t e s 30 l b/ h r 247 l b/ h r

S hu td ow n 57 l b/ e v e n t 337 l b/ e v e n t 30 m inu t e s 114 l b/ h r 334

. 6 l b/ h r



### 7

. 2

. BAC T f

o r A u x ili a r y B o il e r a n d H e a t e r

T h e a pp li ca n t i s p r o p o s i n g t o c o n s t r u c t a 110 MM B t u / h r b o il e r t h a t w ill b e u s e d t o s t a r t up t h e C T s , a n d a 40 MM B t u / h

r h ea t t r a n s f

e r f l u i d ( H T F ) h ea t e r a s p a r t o f t h e s o l a r a rr a y s y s t e m

. B o t h

u n i t s w ill b e f

i r e d w i t h n a t u r a l g a s . T h e b o il e r w ill b e limit e d t o 500 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r

a n d t h e H T F h ea t e r w ill b e limi t e d t o 1

, 000 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r . T h e l o w h o u r s o f

o p e r a t i o n a n d l o w e mi ss i o n r a t e s p r o p o s e d r e s u l t i n v e r y l o w t o n s p e r y ea r e mi ss i o n r a t e s f o r eac h

u n i t . T h e b o il e r a n d H T F h ea t e r a r e s u b j ec t t o B A C T f

o r NO X , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2

. 5

, a n d GHG s

. A t o p

- d o w n B A C T a n a l

y s i s f o r eac h p o ll

u t a n t h a s b ee n p e r f

o r m e d a n d i s s u mm a r i ze d b e l o w

.

7

. 2

. 1 N i t r og e n O x i d e E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

- I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l O p t i o n s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r NO X e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• L o w NO X b u r n e r d e s i g n ( e

. g

. l o w NO X b u r n e r s , f l u e g a s r ec i

r c u l a t i o n )

• L imit e d u s e o f e qu i

p m e n t ( limi t s o n t h e h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n )

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n NO X c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• S e l ec t i v e C a t a l

y t i c R e du c t i o n ( S CR ) s y s t e m

• E Mx TM s y s t e m ( f

o r m e r l y S C ONO x )

• S e l ec t i v e n o n

- ca t a l

y t i c r e du c t i o n ( S N CR )

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e O p t i o n s S CR , E Mx TM

, a n d S N CR a r e c o n s i d e r e d t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s . T h e a pp li ca n t

e s t im a t e d t h e e xh a u s t t e m p e r a t u r e f o r eac h u n it a t 300 ° F . T h i s i s b e l o w t h e t e m p e r a t u r e

o p e r a t i n g r a n g e f

o r S CR , E Mx TM

, a n d S N CR

, w h i c h a r e a ll g e n e r a ll y a b o v e 400 ° F

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 33 S t e p 3

– R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d a NO X e mi ss i o n limit o f 9 pp m a t 3 % O 2 b a s e d o n a 3

- h r a v e r a g e u s i n g

u l t r a

- l o w NO X b u r n e r d e s i g n

. W i t h t h e p r o p o s e d l o w NO X b u r n e r d e s i g n s a n d limit e d h o u r s o f

o p e r a t i o n t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r w ill e mit up t o 0

. 30 T P Y o f NO X a n d t h e h ea t e r w ill e mi t up t o 0

. 22
T P Y

. A r e v i e w o f o t h e r B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s w a s n o t p e r f o r m e d b eca u s e it i s v e r y u n li

k e l y t h a t

a m o r e d e t a il e d r e v i e w w o u l d c h a n g e t h e f i n a l d e t e r mi n a t i o n du e t o t h e limit e d u s e a n d l o w t o n
p e r y ea r e mi ss i o n r a t e s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o p o s e d limit s

.

T a b l e 7

- 12 :
. NO X C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

NO X C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s E m i ss i o n R a t e ( pp m v d @ 3 % O 2 )
L o w NO X b u r n e r s a n d limit e d u s e 9

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy , a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t h a s c h o s e n t h e h i g h e s t r a n k e d c o n t r o l o p t i o n f o r eac h u n it

, a n d w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f

a n y s i g n i f i ca n t o r u n u s u a l e nv i

r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e c h o s e n t ec hn o l o g y

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n t h e r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d B A C T i s t h e limit e d
h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n , u l

t r a

- l o w NO X b u r n e r s a n d a n e mi ss i o n r a t e o f 9

. 0 pp m a t 3 % O 2 b a s e d o n a 3

- h r t e s t a v e r a g e

.

7

. 2

. 2 C a r b o n M o n o x i d e E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r C O e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s

• L imit e d u s e ( limi t s o n t h e h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n )

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n C O c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• O x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t

• E Mx T M ( f

o r m e r l y S C ONO X )

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e O x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t a n d E Mx TM a r e c o n s i d e r e d t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s . T h e a pp li ca n t

e s t im a t e d t h e e xh a u s t t e m p e r a t u r e f o r eac h u n it a t 300 F . T h i s i s b e l o w t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o p e r a t i n g

r a n g e f o r o x i d a t i o n ca t a l

y s t a n d E Mx TM

, w h i c h a r e g e n e r a ll y a b o v e 400 F

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d a C O limi t o f 50 pp m a t 3 % O 2 b a s e d o n a 3

- h r a v e r a g e u s i n g g oo d

c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s

. W i t h t h e p r o p o s e d g oo d c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s a n d limit e d h o u r s o f

o p e r a t i o n , t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r w ill e mit up t o 1

. 01 T P Y

, a n d t h e h ea t e r w ill e mi t up t o 0

. 74 T P Y

,
o f C O

. A r e v i e w o f o t h e r B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s w a s n o t p e r f o r m e d b eca u s e it i s v e r y u n li

k e l yP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 34 t h a t a m o r e d e t a il e d r e v i e w w o u l d c h a n g e t h e f i n a l d e t e r mi n a t i o n du e t o t h e limit e d u s e a n d l o w
t o n p e r y ea r e mi ss i o n r a t e s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e p r o p o s e d limit s

.

T a b l e 7

- 13 : C O C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

C O C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s E m i ss i o n R a t e ( pp m v d @ 3 % O 2 )
G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s a n d
limi t e d u s e 50

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t h a s c h o s e n t h e h i g h e s t r a n k e d c o n t r o l o p t i o n f o r eac h u n it

, a n d w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f

a n y s i g n i f i ca n t o r u n u s u a l a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e c h o s e n t ec hn o l o g y

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n t h e r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T i s t h e limit e d h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n , g oo d c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s a n d a n e mi ss i o n r a t e o f 50

. 0 pp m a t 3 % O 2 b a s e d o n a 3

- h

r t e s t a v e r a g e

.

7

. 2

. 3 P M , P M 10 a nd P M 2

. 5 E m i ss i o n s
T h e a pp li ca n t h a s a ss u m

e d t h a t a ll p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r a n d p r o ce ss h ea t e r a r e PM 2 .5
. A s a r e s u l t

, t h e B A C T a n a l

y s e s f o r P M

, PM 10 a n d PM 2 .5 h a v e b ee n c o m b i n e d

. A dd i t i o n a ll y , t h e a n a l

y s i s e v a l u a t e s t o t a l p a r t i c u l a t e m a tt e r

– f il t e r a b l e a n d c o n d e n s a b l e

.

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y A ll C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 e mi ss i o n s i n c l ud e :

• L o w p a r t i c u l a t e f

u e l s , l o w s u l f

u r f u e l s , a n d / o r p i

p e li n e n a t u r a l g a s ( a l s o r e f e rr e d t o a s

“ c l ea n f u e l ” )

• G oo d c o m

b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s ( i n c l

ud i n g a i r i n l e t f il t e r)

• L imit e d u s e ( limi t s o n t h e h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n )

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• C y c l o n e s ( i n c l

ud i n g m u l t i c l o n e s )

• W e t s c r u bb e r

• D r y e l ec t r o s t a t i c p r ec i p i t a t o r ( E SP )

• W e t E SP

• B a g h o u s e / f

a b r i c f il t e r

.

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e C o n t r o l O p t i o n sP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 35 A ll o f t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i d e n t i f i e d a r e t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e e x ce p t f

o r c y c l o n e s ( i n c l

ud i n g

m u l t i c l o n e s )

. A s e v a l

u a t e d f o r t h e C T s , t h e l o w g r a i n l o a d i n g a ss o c i a t e d w it h n a t u r a l g a s

e mi ss i o n s m a k e s c y c l o n e s t ec hn i ca ll y i n f ea s i b l e f o r t h i s a pp li ca t i o n

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s W e w e r e n o t a b l e t o i d e n t i f y a n y C T u s i n g a dd

- o n P M c o n t r o l s ; h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e c o n s i d e r e d

t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e a n d a r e t h e r e f

o r e b e i n g f

u r t h e r e v a l

u a t e d . T h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s

a r e r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n

T a b l e 7

- 14 . T h i s a n a l

y s i s i s b a s e d o n t h e P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 a n a l

y s i s f o r t h e C T s

.

W i t h t h e p r o p o s e d g oo d c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s a n d limit e d h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n , t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r

w ill e mit up t o 0

. 25 T P Y o f P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 a n d t h e h ea t e r w ill e mi t up t o 0

. 15 T P Y

. A

r e v i e w o f o t h e r B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s w a s n o t p e r f o r m e d b eca u s e it i s v e r y u n li

k e l y t h a t a m o r e d e t a il e d r e v i e w w o u l d c h a n g e t h e f i n a l d e t e r mi n a t i o n du e t o t h e limit e d u s e a n d l o w t o n p e r y ea r

e mi ss i o n r a t e s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o p o s e d limit s

.

T a b l e 7

- 14 : P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s C o n t r o l
E ff i c i e n c y W e t E SP 99

. 1 %
D r y E SP / b a g h o u s e 99 %

W e t S c r u bb e r ( V e n t u r i ) 90 %
C l ea n f u e l

, g oo d c o m

b u s t i o n
p r ac t i ce s , a n d limit e d u s e 0 % ( b a s e li n e )

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d t h e u s e o f a dd

- o n P M c o n t r o l s f o r eac h u n it b eca u s e o f t h e a ss o c i a t e d

ec o n o mi c im

p ac t s . T h e 110 MM B t u / h r a u x ili a r y b o il e r i s limit e d t o 500 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r
y ea r a n d h a s a p o t e n t i a l t o e mit 0

. 2 T P Y o f P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 . T h e 40 MM B t u / h r h ea t e r i s limit e d t o 1

, 000 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r a n d h a s a p o t e n t i a l t o e mit 0

. 15 T P Y o f P M

, PM 10 ,
a n d PM 2 .5
. D u e t o t h e limi t e d h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n a n d limit e d e nv i r o n m e n t a l b e n e f

it it w o u l d b e im p r ac t i ca l t o r e qu i

r e a dd

- o n c o n t r o l s t o r e m o v e l e ss t h a n 0

. 45 T P Y o f P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5
. H o w e v e r , t h e a pp li ca n t a l s o p r o v i d e d a n ec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s f o r a dd

- o n c o n t r o l s , w h i c h i s p r o v i d e d
i n T a b l e s 7

- 15 a n d 7

- 16

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 36 T a b l e 7

- 15 : C o s t A n a l y s i s f o r A dd

- o n P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s f o r t h e A u x i l i a r y B o i l e r

C o n tr o l D e v i ce Wet ES P D r y ES P P u l s e J et F a br i c Fil ter Wet

Scr u bber

F lo w ra t e ( s c f m ) 28416 28416 28416 28416

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $20 $10 $6 $3

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $ ) $568

, 320 $284

, 160 $170

, 496 $71

, 040

. 00

C o st R ec ov e r y Fa c t o r 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11

Annu a li z e d Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/ y r) $62

, 515 $31

, 257

. 60 $18

, 754

. 56 $7

, 814

. 40

O & M C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $5 $3 $5 $4

. 40

O & M C o sts ( $/ y

r) $142

, 080 $85

, 248 $142

, 080 $125

, 030

T o t a l Annu a li z e d C o sts ( $/ y r) $204

, 595 $116

, 506 $160

, 835 $132

, 845

R em ov a l E ff

i c i e n c y 99

. 1% 99% 99% 90%

T on s o f PM 2 .5 R em ov e d ( T P Y ) 0

. 20 0

. 20 0

. 20 0

. 18
C os t E ff ect i v e n e ss ( $/ t o n

re m ov ed) $1
, 032 , 300 $588
, 400 $812
, 300 $738
, 000

T a b l e 7

- 16 : C o s t A n a l y s i s f o r A dd

- o n P M C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s f o r t h e H T F H e a t e r

C o n tr o l D e v i ce Wet ES P D r y ES P B ag h o u s e (p u l s e- jet

c l e a n ed) Wet

Scr u bber

F lo w ra t e ( s c f m ) 10612 10612 10612 10612

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $20 $10 $6 $3

Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $ ) $212

, 240 $106

, 120 $63

, 672 $26

, 530

. 00

C o st R ec ov e r y Fa c t o r 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11 0

. 11

Annu a li z e d Ca p i t a l C o sts ( $/ y r) $23

, 346 $11

, 673

. 20 $7

, 003

. 92 $2

, 918

. 30

O & M C o sts ( $/s c f

m ) $5 $3 $5 $4

. 40

O & M C o sts ( $/ y

r) $53

, 060 $31

, 836 $53

, 060 $46

, 693

T o t a l Annu a li z e d C o sts ( $/ y r) $76

, 406 $43

, 509 $60

, 064 $49

, 611

R em ov a l E ff

i c i e n c y 99

. 1% 99% 99% 90%

T on s o f PM 2 .5 R em ov e d ( T P Y ) 0

. 15 0

. 15 0

. 15 0

. 14
C os t E ff ect i v e n e ss ( $/ t o n

re m ov ed) $514
, 000 $293
, 000 $404
, 500 $367
, 500

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n t h e r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d B A C T i s t h e limit e d
h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n , g oo d c o m b u s t i o n p r ac t i ce s , a n d c l ea n f u e l

. B y “ c l ea n f

u e l ” w e m

ea n P u b li c U t ilit i e s C o mmi ss i o n ( P U C )- qu a lit y n a t u r a l g a s

. P U C

- qu a li t y p i p e li n e n a t u r a l g a s s h a ll n o t e x cee d

a s u l f u r c o n t e n t o f 0

. 20 g r a i n s p e r 100 d r y s t a n d a r d c u b i c f ee t o n a 12

- m

o n t h r o lli n g a v e r a g e a n d

s h a ll n o t e x cee d a s u l f

u r c o n t e n t o f 1

. 0 g r a i n s p e r 100 d r y s t a n d a r d c u b i c f ee t

, a t a n y t im

e

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 37 A dd i t i o n a ll y , b a s e d o n t h e P TE f

o r eac h u n it

, w e a r e s e tt i n g a P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2

. 5 limit o f 0

. 8 l b / h r f o r t h e b o il e r a n d 0

. 3 l

b / h r f o r t h e H T F h ea t e r b a s e d o n a 3

- h r a v e r a g e

.

7

. 2

. 4 GHG E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y a ll c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e a pp li ca n t g e n e r a ll

y a ss u m e d t h a t t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r a n d H T F h ea t e r w o u l d i n c o r p o r a t e t h e

n e w e s t d e s i g n s t h a t i n c r ea s e t h e r m a l e ff i c i e n c y , s u c h a s n e w b u r n e r t ec hn o l o g i e s a n d m o d e r n

o p t imi ze d i n s t r u m

e n t a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l s

.

T h e i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• C ondu c ti ng an annua l bo il e r t un e

- up

– t h i s w o u l d e n s u r e t h a t o p t im a l t h e r m a l e ff i c i e n c y i s m a i n t a i n e d

. M a i n t a i n i n g h i g h e r t h e r m a l e ff i c i e n c y r e du ce s t h e a m

o u n t o f f u e l

c o m b u s t e d

, w h i c h h e l

p s t o mi n imi ze GHG e mi ss i o n s.

T h e a dd

- o n c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• CCS

– CC S i s a t ec hn o l o g y t h a t i nv o l v e s ca p t u r e a n d s t o r a g e o f CO 2 e mi ss i o n s t o p r e v e n t

t h e i r r e l ea s e t o t h e a t m

o s p h e r e

. F o r a g a s t u r b i n e , t h i s i n c l ud e s r e m o v a l o f CO 2 e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e e xh a u s t s t r ea m , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f t h e CO 2 t o a n i n j ec t i o n s it e , a n d i n

j ec t i o n o f t h e CO 2 i n t o a v a il a b l e s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s

. P o t e n t i a l CO 2 s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s i n c l ud e

g e o l o g i ca l f

o r m a t i o n s ( i n c l

ud i n g o il a n d g a s f

i e l d s f o r e nh a n ce d r ec o v e r y ) a n d o cea n

s t o r a g e

.

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e t ec hn i c a ll y i n f e a s i b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s

CC S
T h e GHG B A C T a n a l

y s i s f o r t h e C T s , d i s c u ss e d a b o v e , c o n c l ud e d t h a t a l

t h o ug h CO 2 ca p t u r e a n d

s t o r a g e i s t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e , t r a n s p o r t o f t h e ca p t u r e d CO 2 t o t h e p o t e n t i a l s e qu e s t r a t i o n s it e s i s

n o t t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e

. U s i n g t h i s s a m

e a n a l y s i s , CC S i s a l s o n o t t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e f o r t h e

a u x ili a r y b o il e r a n d H T F h ea t e r a n d w ill n o t b e c o n s i d e r e d f u r t h e r i n t h e B A C T a n a l

y s i s

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s A f t e r e limi n a t i o n o f CC S a s a p o t e n t i a l c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g y , t h e pu r c h a s e o f t h e r m a ll y e ff i c i e n t

u n i t s a n d a nn u a l b o il e r t u n e

- up s a r e t h e r e m a i n i n g t ec hn o l o g i e s

. B o t h o f t h e s e o p t i o n s w ill b e

r e qu i r e d.

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy , a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t h a s c h o s e n t h e h i g h e s t r a n k e d c o n t r o l o p t i o n f o r eac h u n it

, a n d w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f

a n y s i g n i f i ca n t o r u n u s u a l a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e c h o s e n t ec hn o l o g y

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 38 S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n a r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s f

r o m n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d b o il e r s a n d p r o ce ss h ea t e r s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T f

o r t h i s s o u r ce i s t h e pu r c h a s e o f

t h e r m a ll y e ff i c i e n t u n i t s , c o n du c t i n g a nn u a l b o il e r t u n e

- up s o n eac h u n it

, limit i n g t h e a u x ili a r y b o il e r t o a h ea t i n

pu t o f 110 MM B t u / h

r a n d 500 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r b a s e d o n a 12

- m o n t h

r o lli n g t o t a l

, a n d limi t i n g t h e H T F h ea t e r t o 40 MM B t u / h r a n d 1

, 000 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r b a s e d o n 12

- m

o n t h r o lli n g t o t a l

. C u rr e n t l y , t h e r e a r e n o o t h e r f

ac ilit i e s w it h GHG B A C T limit s f o r limi t e d u s e n a t u r a l g a s

- f

i r e d b o il e r s a n d p r o ce ss h ea t e r s

.



### 7

. 3 BAC T f

o r E m e r g e n cy I n t e r n a l C o m b u s ti o n E n g i n e s

T h e p r o j ec t i n c l ud e s a 2

, 862 H P ( 2134 kW ) d i e s e l

- f i r e d e m e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r a n d a 182 H P ( 138kW ) d i e s e l

- f

i r e d e m e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e . E ac h e n g i n e w ill b e limit e d t o 50 h o u r s o f

o p e r a t i o n eac h y ea r . T h e l o w h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n r e s u l t i n v e r y l o w t o n s p e r y ea r e mi ss i o n r a t e s f o r eac h u n i t . T h i s e qu i

p m e n t i s s u b j ec t t o B A C T f

o r NO X , C O

, P M

, PM 10 , PM 2

. 5

, a n d GHG s

. A

t o p

- d o w n B A C T a n a l

y s i s h a s b ee n p e r f

o r m e d a n d i s s u mm a r i ze d b e l o w

.

7

. 3

. 1 NO X , C O , P M , P M 10 , P M 2

. 5 , a nd GHG E m i ss i o n s

S t e p 1

-- I d e n t i f

y a ll c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f

o r NO X e mi ss i o n s f

r o m e n g i n e s i n c l

ud e S CR

, NO X r e du c i n g ca t a l y s t

, NO X

a d s o r b e r , ca t a l

y ze d d i e s e l p a r t i c u l a t e f

il t e r , ca t a l y t i c c o nv e r t e r , a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t. 35 A

ca t a l y t i c c o nv e r t e r a n d o x i d a t i o n ca t a l y s t a r e a l s o c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r C O e mi ss i o n s

. F o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 e mi ss i o n s , a d i e s e l p a r t i c u l a t e f il t e r / t r a p ca n b e a dd e d o n

.

U n li k e o t h e r c o m

b u s t i o n e qu i

p m e n t ( e

. g ., C T s a n d b o il e r s )

, n e w e n g i n e s a r e r e qu i r e d t o b e

ce r t i f i e d i n c o m

p li a n ce w i t h N SPS r e qu i

r e m e n t s , i n c l ud i n g e mi ss i o n limit s , up o n pu r c h a s e

. D i ff e r e n t t y p e s o f e n g i n e s h a v e d i ff

e r e n t e mi ss i o n r e qu i

r e m e n t s b a s e d o n t h e t y

p e o f e n g i n e b e i n g
pu r c h a s e d ( e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e , e m

e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e , o r n o n

- e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e ) . E n g i n e

m a n u f ac t u r e r s m a y n ee d t o e m

p l o y s o m e o f t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i d e n t i f i e d a b o v e i n o r d e r t o

c o m p l y w i t h t h e N SPS e mi ss i o n limi t s , d e p e n d i n g o n t h e t y p e o f e n g i n e a n d t h e a pp li ca b l e limit s

. T h e a pp li ca n t i s p r o p o s i n g t o c o n s t r u c t a n e m e r g e n c y e n g i n e a n d a n e m e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e

. A s a r e s u l t

, t o c o m p l y w i t h N SPS t h e a pp li ca n t m u s t pu r c h a s e e n g i n e s t h a t m ee t t h e e mi ss i o n

r e qu i r e m e n t s f o r e m e r g e n c y e n g i n e s a n d e m

e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e s

. H o w e v e r , w e n o t e t h a t t h e

a pp li ca n t c o u l d pu r c h a s e e n g i n e s t h a t m ee t t h e N SPS s t a n d a r d s f

o r n o n

- e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e s ,
w h i c h h a v e m

o r e s t r i n g e n t limi t s , a n d o p e r a t e t h e m a s e m e r g e n c y e n g i n e s

. I n a dd it i o n , t h e

a pp li ca n t m

u s t c o m p l y w i t h C a li f

o r n i a A i r R e s o u r ce s B o a r d ( C A RB ) e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s ( T i e r 2

s t a n d a r d s f

o r t h e e m e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r a n d T i e r 3 s t a n d a r d s f o r t h e e m e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e ) ; h o w e v e r , t h e C A RB s t a n d a r d s a r e t h e s a m e a s t h e a pp li ca b l e N SPS r e qu i r e m e n t s

. A s a r e s u l

t

, t h i s r e v i e w i d e n t i f

i e s t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s t o b e :

35 T h e a pp li ca n t d i s c u ss e s t h e s e c on t r o l o p ti on s i n S ec ti on 8

. 4 o f t h e “ S u pp l e m e n t a l I n f

o r m a ti on f

o r t h e A pp li ca ti on f

o r PS D P e r m

it ” d a t e d J u l y 21

, 2010

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 39 • N SPS

- c o m

p li a n t e m e r g e n c y e n g i n e a n d N SPS

- c o m p li a n t e m e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e

• E n g i n e s t h a t m

ee t s N SPS f

o r n o n

- e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e s

• L imit i n g u s e ( limi t s o n t h e h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n )

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e t ec hn i c a ll y i n f e a s i b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s A ll o f t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i d e n t i f i e d a r e a ss u m

e d t o b e t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s a r e r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n

T a b l e 7

- 17. 36

T a b l e 7

- 17 : E m e r g e n c y E n g i n e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

E n g i n e T y pe NM H C + NO X ( g/ k W- h r) PM

( g/ k W- h r) C O

( g/ k W- h r)

N SPS- Non

- eme r g e n c y (f

o r 135 kW ) 0

. 02 37 0

. 59 5

. 0

N SPS- Non

- eme r g e n c y (f

o r 2000 kW ) 1

. 07 38 0

. 10 3

. 5

N SPS-F i r e P u m

p Engin e s (f o r 135 kW ) 4

. 0 0

. 20 3

. 5

N SPS- E me r g e n c y (f

o r 2000 kW ) 6

. 4 0

. 20 3

. 5

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , e n e r gy a nd e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s D u e t o ec o n o mi c im

p ac t s a n d limi t e d e nv i

r o n m e n t a l b e n e f

it

, t h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d a dd

- o n

c o n t r o l s f o r t h e e n g i n e s

. W e a g r ee t h a t t h e t o p -r a n k e d c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g y ( pu r c h a s i n g e n g i n e s
t h a t m ee t N SPS s t a n d a r d s f

o r n o n

- e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e s a n d o p e r a t i n g t h e m a s e m e r g e n c y e n g i n e s )

w o u l d b e im

p r ac t i ca l i n t h i s ca s e . T h i s i s ill u s t r a t e d i n

T a b l e 7

- 18 b y t h e p o t e n t i a l e mi ss i o n s f r o m
t h e s e u n i t s ( b a s e d o n 50 h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n p e r y ea r a n d c o m p l y i n g w it h t h e N SPS f

o r e m e r g e n c y

e n g i n e s a n d e m

e r g e n c y f i r e pu m p e n g i n e s )

. R e qu i

r i n g t h e a dd it i o n a l r e du c t i o n s i n e mi ss i o n s t h a t

w o u l d b e g a i n e d b y u s e o f e n g i n e s t h a t m ee t N SPS s t a n d a r d s f

o r n o n

- e m

e r g e n c y e n g i n e s w o u l d
h a v e v e r y litt l e e nv i

r o n m e n t a l b e n e f

i t

, w h i c h w o u l d n o t j u s t i f

y t h e c o s t

. W

h il e t h e p o t e n t i a l CO 2 e

e mi ss i o n s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h i s e qu i p m e n t a r e h i g h e r t h a n t h o s e o f t h e o t h e r p o ll u t a n t s , t h e y s t ill

r e p r e s e n t l e ss t h a n 0

. 01 % o f s o u r ce

- w i d e CO 2 e e mi ss i o n s

. A r e v i e w o f o t h e r B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s w a s n o t p e r f o r m e d b eca u s e it i s v e r y u n li

k e l y t h a t a m o r e d e t a il e d r e v i e w w o u l d

c h a n g e t h e f

i n a l d e t e r mi n a t i o n du e t o t h e limit e d u s e a n d l o w t o n p e r y ea r e mi ss i o n r a t e s

a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o p o s e d limi t s

.

36 C A RB

- c o m

p li a n t e ng i n e s a r e no t li s t e d i n t h e r a nk i ng s b eca u s e t

h e e m i ss i on li m it a ti on s a r e t

h e s a m e a s f

o r N SPSc o m p li a n t e ng i n e s

. 37 T h e ac t u a l a pp li ca b l e N SPS li m

it s a r e 0

. 40 g /

k W

- h r f o r NOX a nd 0

. 19 g /

k W

- h r f o r N M H C

. T h e t o w li m

it s w e r e

a dd e d t og e t

h e r i n o r d e r t o c o m

p a r e t h e m t o t h e o t h e r t y p e s o f e ng i n e s 38 T h e ac t u a l a pp li ca b l e N SPS li m

it s a r e 0

. 67 g /

k W

- h r f o r NO X a nd 0

. 40 g /

k W

- h r f o r N M H C

. T h e t w o li m

it s w e r e

a dd e d t og e t

h e r i n o r d e r t o c o m

p a r e t h e m t o t h e o t h e r t y p e s o f e ng i n e s

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 40

T a b l e 7

- 18 : Su mm a r y o f P o t e n t i a l t o E m i t f o r E m e r g e n c y E n g i n e s

P o ll u t a n t E m e r g e n c y

G e n e r a t o r ( T P Y ) E m e r g e n c y F i r e

P u m p E n g i n e ( T P Y )
NO X 0

. 67 0

. 03
C O 0

. 39 0

. 03

P M

, PM 10 , PM 2 .5 0

. 02 < 0

. 01

CO 2 e 27

. 6 4

. 41

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n t h e r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , w e h a v e c o n c l ud e d t h a t B A C T i s t h e limit e d h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n a n d t h e e mi ss i o n limit s li s t e d i n T a b l e 7

- 19 b a s e d o n a 3

- h o u r

a v e r a g e. 39 T h e N SPS f

o r e n g i n e s d o e s n o t c u rr e n t l y r e gu l a t e GHG e mi ss i o n s , b u t a s e p a r a t e GHG limi t i s n o t b e i n g p r o p o s e d

. I t i s a ss u m e d t h a t n e w l

y pu r c h a s e d e n g i n e s w o u l d b e t h e m o s t

e n e r g y e ff i c i e n t a v a il a b l e a n d t h a t o p e r a t i n g i n c o m p li a n ce w it h N SPS r e qu i

r e m e n t s w ill e n s u r e
t h a t eac h e n g i n e i s p r o p e r l y m a i n t a i n e d a n d a s e ff

i c i e n t a s p o ss i

b l e

.

T a b l e 7

- 19 : Su mm a r y o f B AC T E m i ss i o n L i m i t s f o r E m e r g e n c y E n g i n e s

E n g i n e NM H C + N O X

( g/ k W- h r) PM

( g/ k W- h r) C O

( g/ k W- h r)

135 kW E me r g e n c y F i r e P u m p Engin e 4

. 0 0

. 20 3

. 5

2000 kW E me r g e n c y Engin e 6

. 4 0

. 20 3

. 5



### 7

. 4 BAC T f

o r C oo li n g T o we r

T h e P H PP i n c l

ud e s a 130

, 000 g a ll o n s p e r mi n u t e ( gp m )

, t e n

- ce ll e v a p o r a t i v e ( w e t ) c oo li n g t o w e r

. F ug i t i v e p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s a r e g e n e r a t e d f r o m t h e c oo li n g t o w e r du e t o t h e t o t a l d i ss o l v e d

s o li d s ( T D S ) i n t h e w a t e r . T h e c oo li n g t o w e r i s s u b j ec t t o B A C T f

o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2

. 5

. A

t o p

- d o w n B A C T a n a l

y s i s h a s b ee n p e r f

o r m e d a n d i s s u mm a r i ze d b e l o w . T h e a pp li ca n t

c o n s e r v a t i v e l

y a ss u m e d P M

, PM 10 a n d PM 2 .5 e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e c oo li n g t o w e r w e r e e qu i v a l e n t

.

S t e p 1

– A va i l a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e f o ll o w i n g i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 e mi ss i o n s i n c l ud e :

• D r y c oo li ng

- u s e s a n a i

r c oo l e d c o n d e n s e r ( A CC ) t h a t c oo l s t h e s t ea m t u r b i n eg e n e r a t o r s ’ e xh a u s t s t ea m u s i n g a l a r g e a rr a y o f f a n s t h a t f o r ce a i r o v e r f i nn e d t u b e h ea t

e x c h a n g e r s . T h e e xh a u s t f r o m t h e s t ea m t u r b i n e f

l o w s t h r o ug h a l a r g e d i a m

e t e r du c t t o t h e A CC w h e r e i t i s c o n d e n s e d i n s i d e t h e t u b e s t h r o ug h i n d i

r ec t c o n t ac t w it h t h e a m

b i e n t a i r

. T h e h ea t i s t h e n r e l ea s e d d i r ec t l y t o t h e a t m

o s p h e r e

.

39 T h e s e li m

it s a r e t h e s a m e a s t

h e a pp li ca b l e C A RB T i e r 2 a nd T i e r 3 s t a nd a r d s

.P

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- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 41 • W e t

- d r y h y b r i d c oo li ng

– u s e s w e t a n d d r y c oo li n g t ec hn o l o g i e s i n p a r a ll e l

, a n d u s e s a ll o f

t h e e qu i p m e n t i nv o l v e d i n b o t h w e t a n d d r y c oo li n g

. H y b r i d c oo li n g t ec hn o l o g y d i v i d e s
t h e c oo li n g f

u n c t i o n b e t w ee n t h e w e t a n d d r y s y s t e m s d e p e n d i n g o n t h e ca p a b ilit i e s o f

eac h s y s t e m u n d e r d i ff

e r e n t e nv i r o n m e n t a l a n d o p e r a t i o n a l c o n d it i o n s

.

T h e a v a il a b l e a dd

- o n P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2 .5 c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i n c l ud e :

• D r i f t e limi n a t o r s

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e A ll o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s i d e n t i f i e d i n S t e p 1 a r e t ec hn i ca ll y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e t y p e s o f c oo li n g t o w e r s a r e r a n k e d acc o r d i n g t o c o n t r o l e ff ec t i v e n e ss i n

T a b l e 7

- 20

.

T a b l e 7

- 20 : C oo l i n g T o w e r C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s E m i ss i o n R a t e ( T P Y o f
P M / PM 10 / PM 2 .5 )
D r y c oo li n g 0
W e t

- d r y h y

b r i d c oo li n g 3 .6 40

W e t c oo li n g w i t h 0

. 0005 % d r i f t

e limi n a t o r s 7

. 1

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d t h e u s e o f b o t h a d r y c oo li n g s y s t e m a n d w e t

- d r y h y b r i d c oo li n g s y s t e m du e t o t h e a ss o c i a t e d ec o n o mi c a n d e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s . T h e u s e o f a d r y o r h y b r i d w e t

- d r y

s y s t e m w o u l d r e du ce t h e o v e r a ll e ff i c i e n c y o f t h e f

ac ilit y , du e t o t h e a dd it i o n a l e n e r g y

r e qu i r e m e n t s f o r t h e w e t a n d h y

b r i d s y s t e m s . T h e a pp li ca n t a l s o c o n du c t e d a n ec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s

c o m p a r i n g t h e a nn u a l o p e r a t i o n c o s t s o f w e t a n d d r y c oo li n g s y s t e m s . T h e a pp li ca n t ’ s a n a l y s i s i s

r e p r o du ce d i n

T a b l e 7

- 21

.

T a b l e 7

- 21 : W e t a nd D r y C oo l i n g T o w e r C o s t A n a l y s i s P r ov i d e d b y t h e A pp l i c a n t
Wet C oo li n g T ow er D r y C oo li n g

T ow er
R eq u i red P ow er
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e s ti m a t e p o t e n ti a l e m

i ss i on s f r o m a w e t

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b r i d s y s t e m

. W e h a v e a pp r ox i m a t e d e m i ss i on s f r o m s u c h a s y s t e m t o b e on e

- h a l f o f t ho s e f r o m a w e t c oo li ng s y s t e m

.P

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- 01 )
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T ow er

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b a c k b on e s y st em

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T h e c o s t e ff

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. 1 T P Y o f P M

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. B a s e d o n t h i s i n f

o r m a t i o n , w e a g r ee t h a t u s i n g d r y o r h y b r i d c oo li n g s y s t e m s i n t h i s ca s e w o u l d

n o t b e c o s t

- e ff

ec t i v e a n d w o u l d c o n t r i

b u t e t o a d ec r ea s e i n t h e o v e r a ll e n e r g y e ff i c i e n c y o f t h e f ac ilit y

.

C o n s i d e r i n g c o ll a t e r a l e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s , t h e u s e o f w e t c oo li n g h a s a p o t e n t i a l im p ac t

a ss o c i a t e d w i t h a dd i t i o n a l c o n s u m p t i o n o f w a t e r r e s o u r ce s

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t h e c oo li n g t o w e r i s f

r o m t h e P a lm

d a l e W a t e r R ec l a m a t i o n P l a n t a n d t h e r e f o r e w e t c oo li n g i s n o t

e x p ec t e d t o r e s u l

t i n a n y s i g n i f

i ca n t a d v e r s e im

p ac t o n w a t e r r e s o u r ce s i n t h e a r ea

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d u s i n g a w e t c oo li n g t o w e r w it h 0

. 0005 % d r i f t e limi n a t o r s a s B A C T f

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. A c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e d r i f

t e limi n a t i o n r a t e s f

o r o t h e r r ece n t l

y
p e r mitt e d c oo li n g t o w e r s i s p r o v i d e d i n T a b l e 7

- 22

. B a s e d o n t h e a v a il a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n , w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t B A C T f

o r t h e c oo li n g t o w e r s i s 0

. 0005 % d r i f t e limi n a t o r s

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , w e a r e

s e tt i n g a m a ss e mi ss i o n limi t o f 1

. 6 l b / h r a n d T D S limit o f 5000 pp m

.

T a b l e 7

- 22 : Su mm a r y o f R ece n t B AC T D e t e r m i n a t i o n s f o r D r i f t E l i m i n a t o r s

F a c ili t y L o c a t i o n L i m i t P er m i t Iss u a n ce S o u rce

J

. K

. S m i t h
G e n e ra t ing S t a t ion K

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### 7

. 5 BAC T f

o r F u g iti ve R oad D u s t

F ug i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s w ill o cc u r a s a r e s u l t o f m a i n t e n a n ce v e h i c l e t r a v e l o n p a v e d a n d u np a v e d

r o a d w a y s i n t h e s o l a r f

i e l d a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e P H PP

. F ug it i v e r o a d du s t i s s u b j ec t t o B A C T f

o r P M

, PM 10 , a n d PM 2

. 5

. A t o p

- d o w n B A C T a n a l y s i s h a s b ee n p e r f

o r m e d a n d i s s u mm a r i ze d b e l o w

.

S t e p 1

– A va i l a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s f o r f ug i t i v e r o a d w a y du s t s i n c l ud e : p a v e d r o a d s , g r a v e l r o a d s , c h e mi ca l

s u r f ac t a n t s ( a l s o ca ll e d “ du s t s upp r e ss a n t s ” )

, w a t e r i n g , a n d t r a ff i c s p ee d c o n t r o l s

.

S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e T ec hn i c a ll y I n f e a s i b l e A ll o f t h e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s i d e n t i f i e d a r e t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k R e m a i n i n g C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s T h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l o p t i o n s a r e r a n k e d a s f o ll o w s :

• P a v e d r o a d s

• G r a v e l r o a d s

• C h e mi ca l s u r f

ac t a n t s , w a t e r i n g a n d t r a ff i c s p ee d c o n t r o l s ca n r e s u l t i n v a r i o u s c o n t r o l s

e ff i c i e n c i e s d e p e n d i n g o n h o w eac h t ec hn o l o g y i s e m p l o y e d ( e

. g ., r a t e o f a pp li ca t i o n ,
s p ec i f i c s p ee d limi t )

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s

P a ve d r oad s

–T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d t o p a v e o n l y t h e m a i n acce ss r o a d t o t h e p l a n t b eca u s e
p a v i n g o t h e r l e ss t r a v e l e d r o a d s w o u l d o n l y h a v e mi n im a l e nv i

r o n m e n t a l b e n e f

it s . T h e a pp li ca n tP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
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p e r v i o u s s u r f

ace s , w h i c h i n c r ea s e s s t o r m w a t e r

r u n o ff

, a n d t h a t t h e i n f

r e qu e n t r a i n s t o r m s i n t h e d e s e r t ca n a l s o e r o d e t h e d i r t o u t f r o m u n d e r t h e
p a v e d e dg e s

.

G r a ve l r oads

- T h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d g r a v e l r o a d s du e t o t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r r o c k s t o b ec o m

e

a i r b o r n e a n d d a m a g e t h e p a r a b o li c mi rr o r s i n t h e s o l a r f

i e l d . T h i s w o u l d r e s u l

t i n a dd it i o n a l c o s t s f o r r e p a i r i n g mi rr o r s a n d a r e du c t i o n i n s o l a r e n e r g y p r o du c t i o n

.

C h e m i c a l s u r

f a c t an ts , w

a t e r i ng , and t r

a ff i c s p ee d c on t r

o ls

- S u r f ace w a t e r i n g a n d / o r a pp li ca t i o n

o f s u r f ac t a n t s ca n b e s upp l e m

e n t e d w i t h limit i n g v e h i c l e s p ee d a n d r e s t r i c t i n g t r a ff i c i n t h e

u np a v e d a r ea s

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e a pp li ca n t

, e x p e r i e n ce i n e x i s t i n g s o l a r f i e l d s ( e

. g ., t h e S o l a r E n e r g y G e n e r a t i n g S y s t e m s ( S E G S ) f ac ili t y n ea r K

r a m e r J u n c t i o n a n d H a r p e r L a k e ) s h o w s t h a t

u s e o f a c o m

b i n a t i o n o f t h e a b o v e m

e t h o d s i s v e r y e ff

ec t i v e i n c o n t r o lli n g f

ug it i v e du s t

. U s e o f

s o il s t a b ili ze r s du r i n g t h e f i r s t f e w y ea r s o f o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s o l a r f ac ili t y , f o ll o w e d b y a pp li ca t i o n

o f w a t e r a n d d r i v i n g s l o w l y i n t h e s o l a r f

i e l d

, l ea d s t o a v e r y s t a b l e s u r f ace t h a t y i e l d s o n l

y mi n o r

a m o u n t s o f f ug i t i v e e mi ss i o n s

. I n a dd i t i o n , a f t e r t h e s o l a r f

ac ilit y i s b u il

t

, it i s i n t h e o p e r a t o r ’ s b e s t i n t e r e s t t o k ee p du s t e mi ss i o n s t o a mi n im u m i n o r d e r t o r e du ce t h e a m o u n t o f mi

rr o r

w a s h i n g a n d l o ss o f e ff

i c i e n c y f r o m d i r t y mi rr o r s

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
T h e a pp li ca n t p r o p o s e d B A C T f o r f ug it i v e r o a d du s t a s :

• P a v i n g t h e m a i n acce ss r o a d i n t o t h e p l a n t s it e

• D e v e l o p i n g a du s t c o n t r o l p l a n t h a t i n c l ud e s i n s p ec t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n ce p r o ce du r e s

u n d e r t a k e n t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e u np a v e d r o a d s r e m a i n s t a b ili ze d

• A du r a b l e n o n

- t o x i c s o il s t a b ili ze r w ill b e a pp li e d t h r o ug h t h e s o l a r f

i e l d f o r du s t c o n t r o l

. A dd i t i o n a ll

y , u n p a v e d r o a d s w it h i n t h e s o l a r f i e l d u s e d b y w a s h t r u c k s t h a t s p r a y a n d c l ea n
t h e mi rr o r s w ill b e t r ea t e d w i t h s o il s t a b ili ze r s p e r i o d i ca ll y

.

• W a t e r w ill b e a pp li e d b y w a t e r t r u c k s o n r e gu l a r l y d i s t u r b e d a r ea s w h e r e s o il s t a b ili ze r s

a r e n o t a s e ff

ec t i v e du e t o f

r e qu e n t u s e . T h e w a t e r u s e d i n t h e mi rr o r w a s h i n g w ill a l s o
p r o v i d e f o r s o m e i n c i d e n t a l du s t c o n t r o l

.

• V e h i c l e s p ee d s w ill b e limi t e d t o n o m o r e t h a n 10 mil e s p e r h o u r o n u np a v e d r o a d w a y s ,
w i t h t h e e x ce p t i o n t h a t v e h i c l e s m a y t r a v e l up t o 25 mil e s p e r h o u r o n s t a b ili ze d u np a v e d

r o a d s a s l o n g a s s u c h s p ee d s d o n o t c r ea t e v i s i b l e du s t e mi ss i o n s

.

B a s e d o n t h e i n f

o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d

, w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e a b o v e m ea s u r e s r e p r e s e n t B A C T f o r f ug i t i v e r o a d du s t

, a n d t h e f

ug i t i v e du s t c o n t r o l p l a n m u s t i n c l ud e , a t a mi n im

u m , t h e

r e qu i r e m e n t s li s t e d a b o v e . T h i s d e t e r mi n a t i o n i s c o n s i s t e n t w it h o t h e r B A C T d e t e r mi n a t i o n s , a s ill u s t r a t e d i n

T a b l e 7

- 23

, f

o r o n s i t e o p e r a t i o n s t h a t ca u s e v e h i c l e t r a ff i c

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
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- 23 : Su mm a r y o f R ece n t B AC T D e t e r m i n a t i o n s f o r F u g i t i v e R oa d D u s t E m i ss i o n s

F a c ili t y L o c a t i o n C o n tr o l P er m i t Iss u a n ce S o u rce

V & M S t ar O hio W a t e r , s w ee p ing

, c h em i c a l

st a b ili za t ion o r s u pp r e ss a n ts D raf t J a nu ar y 2011 RB L C #

O H

- 0344

Nu c o r S t ee l O hio W a t e r , r e s u rfa c ing

, c h em i c a l

st a b ili za t ion

, a nd

/ o r sp ee d r e du c t ion D raf t D ecem b e r 2010 RB L C #

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- 0341

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. Mar y l a nd Pa v e d w h e r e p ra c t i c a l

, p r ec a u t ion s
t a k e n t o p r e v e n t du st fr o m b ec o m ing

a i r b o r n e J un e 2010 RB L C #
LA

- 0240

Nu c o r S t ee l Loui s i a n a Pa v e d w h e r e p ra c t i c a l

, f o r un p a v e d

r o a d s u s e w a t e r o r du st s u pp r e ss a n t

c h em i c a l s t o r e du ce em

i ss ion s a nd
15 m p h sp ee d li m

i t Ma y 2010 RB L C #
A R- 0094

J ohn W

. T u r k J r P o w e r P l a n t A r k a n s a s W a t e r / du st s u pp r e ss ing c h em

i c a l s Nov em

b e r 2008 RB L C #

A R- 0094



### 7

. 6 BAC T f

o r C i r c u it B r e ak e rs

7

. 6

. 1 GHG

T h e c i r c u i t b r ea k e r s a r e s u b

j ec t t o B A C T f

o r GHG e mi ss i o n s . T h e o n l y GHG e mi tt e d f

r o m

c i r c u i t b r ea k e r s i s s u l f

u r h e x a f l u o r i d e ( SF 6 )

. W it h t h e p r o p o s e d c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s , CO 2 e

e mi ss i o n s a r e e s t im a t e d a t 9

. 56 T P Y

.

S t e p 1

– I d e n t i f

y a ll c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e i nh e r e n t l

y l o w e r- e mitt i n g c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s i n c l

ud e :

• U s e o f d i e l ec t r i c o il o r c o m

p r e ss e d a i r c i r

c u it b r e a ke rs – t h e s e t y

p e s o f c i r c u it b r ea k e r s d o n o t c o n t a i n a n y GHG p o ll u t a n t s

.

• T o t a ll y e n c l o s e d SF

6 c i r c u it b r e a ke rs w it h l e a k d e t ec ti on s y s t e m s – t h e s e t y

p e s o f c i r c u it
b r ea k e r s h a v e a m a x im

u m l ea k r a t e o f 0

. 5 % p e r y ea r b y w e i g h t a n d h a v e a n a l a r m

w a r n i n g w h e n 10 % o f t h e SF 6 h a s e s ca p e d . T h e u s e o f a n a l a r m i d e n t i f i e s p o t e n t i a l l ea k

p r o b l e m s b e f

o r e t h e b u l

k o f SF 6 h a s e s ca p e d

.

N o a dd

- o n c o n t r o l o p t i o n s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , a l t e r n a t i v e g a s e s t o SF 6 a r e a l s o c u rr e n t l

y n o t a v a il a b l e. 41

41 I n f o r m a ti on i s a v a il a b l e a t h tt p :// www .e p a. gov / e l ec t

r i c p o w e r- s f

6 / do c u m e n t s /

n e w

_ r e p o r t

_ f i n a l

. p df

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 46 S t e p 2

– E l i m i n a t e t ec hn i c a ll y i n f e a s i b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s B o t h c o n t r o l o p t i o n s a r e a ss u m e d t o b e t ec hn i ca ll

y f ea s i b l e

.

S t e p 3

– R a n k r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l t ec hn o l og i e s T h e e x p ec t e d e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e t w o c o n t r o l o p t i o n s a r e c o m p a r e d i n T a b l e 7

- 24

. C u rr e n t l

y , t h e

o n l y o t h e r s imil a r f

ac ilit y w i t h a GHG B A C T limit i s t h e R u ss e ll C it y P o w e r P l a n t t o b e l o ca t e d i n H a y w a r d

, C a li f

o r n i a . T h e PS D p e r mit f

o r t h i s f ac ilit y h a s a v o l

u n t a r y GHG r e qu i

r e m e n t t o i n s t a ll

t h e s a m e l ea k d e t ec t i o n s y s t e m p r o p o s e d f o r t h e P H PP

.

T a b l e 7

- 24 : C i r c u i t B r e a k e r C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s R a n k e d b y C o n t r o l E ff ec t i v e n e ss

GHG C o n t r o l T ec hn o l og i e s CO 2 e E m i ss i o n R a t e ( T P Y )
D i e l ec t r i c o il o r c o m

p r e ss e d a i r c i r c u it b r ea k e r s 0

E n c l o s e d

- p r e ss u r e SF 6 c i

r c u it b r ea k e r s

w i t h 0

. 5 % ( b y w e i g h t ) a nn u a l l ea k a g e r a t e

a n d l ea k d e t ec t i o n s y s t e m s 9

. 56

S t e p 4

– E c o n o m i c , E n e r gy , a nd E n v i r o n m e n t a l I m p a c t s T h e a pp li ca n t e limi n a t e d t h e u s e o f d i e l ec t r i c o il o r c o m p r e ss e d a i r c i r c u it b r ea k e r s b eca u s e t h e y

a r e a n o u t d a t e d t ec hn o l o g y a n d t h e SF 6 c i r c u it b r ea k e r s a r e m

o r e r e li a b l e

. S p ec i f

i ca ll y t h e

a pp li ca n t p r o v i d e s t h a t acc o r d i n g t o t h e N a t i o n a l I n s t it u t e f o r S t a n d a r d s a n d T ec hn o l o g y , SF 6

“ o ff e r s s i g n i f i ca n t s a v i n g s i n l a n d u s e , i s ae s t h e t i ca ll y acce p t a b l e , h a s r e l a t i v e l y l o w r a d i o a n d

a ud i b l e n o i s e e mi ss i o n s a n d e n a b l e s s u b s t a t i o n s t o b e i n s t a ll e d i n p o pu l a t e d a r ea s c l o s e t o t h e l o a d s .” 42 D i e l ec t r i c o il o r c o m p r e ss e d a i r c i r c u it b r ea k e r s t h e r e f

o r e h a v e b ee n e limi n a t e d b a s e d o n
t h e p o t e n t i a l a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l a n d e n e r g y im

p ac t s

. A dd it i o n a ll

y , w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f a n y

s i g n i f i ca n t o r u n u s u a l e nv i

r o n m e n t a l im p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e c h o s e n t ec hn o l o g y

.

S t e p 5

– S e l ec t B AC T
B a s e d o n a r e v i e w o f t h e a v a il a b l e c o n t r o l t ec hn o l o g i e s f o r GHG e mi ss i o n s f

r o m c i r c u it b r ea k e r s ,
w e h a v e c o n c l

ud e d t h a t t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s p r o p o s e d r e qu i r e m e n t s a r e B A C T f

o r t h i s s o u r ce : t h e u s e

o f e n c l o s e d

- p r e ss u r e SF 6 c i r c u i t b r ea k e r s w it h a n a nn u a l l ea k a g e r a t e o f 0

. 5 % b y w e i g h t

, a 10 % b y w e i g h t l ea k d e t ec t i o n s y s t e m , a n d 9

. 56 T P Y o f CO 2 e b a s e d o n a 12

- m o n t h r o lli n g t o t a l

.


## 8

. A i r Q u a li t y I m p a c t s

C l ea n A i r A c t s ec t i o n 165 a n d E P A ’ s PS D r e gu l a t i o n s a t 40 C

. F

. R

. s ec t i o n 52

. 21 r e qu i r e

a n e x a mi n a t i o n o f t h e im

p ac t s o f t h e p r o p o s e d P H PP o n a m b i e n t a i r qu a li t y . T h e a pp li ca n t

m u s t d e m o n s t r a t e , u s i n g a i

r qu a li t y m

o d e l s , t h a t t h e f

ac ili t y ’ s e mi ss i o n s o f t h e PS Dr e gu l a t e d a i

r p o ll u t a n t s w o u l d n o t ca u s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a v i o l a t i o n o f ( 1 ) t h e a pp li ca b l e

42 I b i d

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 47 N a t i o n a l A m

b i e n t A i r Q u a lit y S t a n d a r d s ( N AA Q S )

, o r ( 2 ) t h e a pp li ca b l e PS D i n c r e m e n t s ( e x p l a i n e d b e l o w i n S ec t i o n 8

. 4 ) . T h i s s ec t i o n i n c l ud e s a d i s c u ss i o n o f t h e r e l e v a n t b ac kg r o u n d d a t a a n d a i

r qu a lit y m

o d e li n g , a n d o u r c o n c l

u s i o n t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w ill n o t

ca u s e o r c o n t r i

b u t e t o a n e x cee d a n ce o f t h e a pp li ca b l e N AA Q S o r a pp li ca b l e PS D i n c r e m e n t s a n d i s o t h e r w i s e c o n s i s t e n t w it h PS D r e qu i r e m e n t s g o v e r n i n g a i

r qu a li t y

.



### 8

. 1 I n t r od u c ti o n

8

. 1

. 1 O v e r v i e w o f P S D A i r I m p a c t R e qu i r e m e n t s

U n d e r t h e PS D r e gu l a t i o n s , p e r mit a pp li ca t i o n s f o r m a j o r s o u r ce s m

u s t i n c l ud e a n a i r qu a li t y

a n a l y s i s d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h a t t h e f

ac ilit y ’ s e mi ss i o n s o f t h e PS D -r e gu l a t e d a i r p o ll u t a n t s w o u l d n o t

ca u s e o r c o n t r i

b u t e t o a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e a pp li ca b l e N AA Q S o r a pp li ca b l e PS D i n c r e m e n t s

. ( A PS D i n c r e m

e n t f o r a p o ll u t a n t a pp li e s o n l

y t o a r ea s t h a t m

ee t t h e c o rr e s p o n d i n g N AA Q S

. ) T h e

a pp li ca n t p r o v i d e s s e p a r a t e m o d e li n g a n a l

y s e s f o r eac h c r it e r i a p o ll

u t a n t e mitt e d a b o v e t h e

a pp li ca b l e s i g n i f

i ca n t e mi ss i o n r a t e

. I f a p r e limi n a r y a n a l y s i s s h o w s t h a t t h e a m

b i e n t c o n ce n t r a t i o n im p ac t o f t h e p r o

j ec t b y i t s e l f i s g r ea t e r t h a n t h e S i g n i f i ca n t I m p ac t L e v e l ( S I L )

, t h e n a f u ll o r

c u m u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s i s r e qu i

r e d f o r t h a t p o ll

u t a n t . T h e c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s i n c l ud e s

n ea r b y p o ll

u t i o n s o u r ce s i n t h e m

o d e li n g , a n d a dd s a m

o n it o r e d b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n t o

acc o u n t f o r s o u r ce s n o t e x p li c i t l

y i n c l ud e d i n t h e m

o d e l . T h e c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s m u s t d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w ill n o t ca u s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a N AA Q S o r i n c r e m e n t v i o l a t i o n

. R e qu i r e d m o d e l i n pu t s c h a r ac t e r i ze t h e v a r i o u s e mi tt i n g u n it s , m e t e o r o l o g y , a n d t h e l a n d s u r f ace ,
a n d d e f i n e a s e t o f r ece p t o r s ( s p a t i a l l o ca t i o n s a t w h i c h t o e s t im a t e c o n ce n t r a t i o n s , t y p i ca ll y o u t t o 50 k m f r o m t h e f ac ilit y a t i ss u e )

. M o d e li n g s h o u l d b e p e r f o r m e d i n acc o r d a n ce w it h

E P A ' s G u i d e li n e o n A i

r Q u a lit y M o d e li n g , i n A

pp e n d i x W t o 40 C F R P a r t 51 ( G A Q M o r A pp e n d i x W )

. A E R M OD w i t h i t s d e f

a u l t s e tt i n g s i s t h e s t a n d a r d m o d e l c h o i ce , w it h C A L P U FF a v a il a b l e f o r

c o m p l e x w i n d s i t u a t i o n s

.

A PS D p e r mi t a pp li ca t i o n t y p i ca ll y i n c l ud e s a G oo d E n g i n ee r i n g P r ac t i ce ( G E P ) s t ac k h e i g h t

a n a l y s i s , t o e n s u r e a ) t h a t d o w n w a s h i s p r o p e r l y c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e m

o d e li n g f o r s t ac k s l e ss t h a n G E P h e i g h t

, a n d b ) t h a t s t ac k h e i g h t s u s e d a s i npu t s t o t h e m o d e li n g a r e n o g r ea t e r t h a n G E P h e i g h t

, s o a s t o d i s a ll o w a r t i f i c i a l d i s p e r s i o n f

r o m t h e u s e o f o v e r l

y t a ll s t ac k s . T h e a pp li ca t i o n

m a y a l s o i n c l

ud e i n i t i a l “ l o a d s c r ee n i n g , ” i n w h i c h a v a r i e t y o f s o u r ce o p e r a t i n g l o a d s a n d a m b i e n t

t e m p e r a t u r e s a r e m

o d e l e d

, t o d e t e r mi n e t h e w o r s t ca s e s ce n a r i o f o r u s e i n t h e r e s t o f t h e

m o d e li n g

.

T h e PS D r e gu l a t i o n s a l s o r e qu i r e a n a n a l y s i s o f t h e im

p ac t o n n ea r b y C l a ss I a r ea s , g e n e r a ll y
t h o s e w i t h i n 100 k m , t h o ug h t h e r e l e v a n t F e d e r a l L a n d M a n a g e r ( F L M ) m a y s p ec i f y a dd it i o n a l o r f e w e r a r ea s . T h e a n a l

y s i s i n c l ud e s t h e N AA Q S

, PS D i n c r e m e n t s , a n d A i

r Q u a li t y R e l a t e d V a l

u e s ( A Q R V s )

. A Q R V s a r e d e f i n e d b y t h e F L M

, a n d t y

p i ca ll y limit v i s i

b ilit y d e g r a d a t i o n a n d t h e d e p o s i t i o n o f s u l f

u r a n d n i t r o g e n

. C A L P U FF i s t h e s t a n d a r d m o d e l c h o i ce f

o r C l a ss I a n a l

y s e s ,
s i n ce i t ca n h a n d l e v i s i

b ilit y c h e mi s t r y a s w e ll a s t h e t y p i ca ll y l a r g e d i s t a n ce s ( o v e r 50 k m ) t o C l a ss I a r ea s

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 48 F i n a ll y , t h e PS D r e gu l a t i o n s r e qu i r e a n a dd it i o n a l im

p ac t a n a l y s i s , s h o w i n g t h e P r o

j ec t ' s e ff ec t o n

v i s i b ilit y , s o il s , v e g e t a t i o n , a n d g r o w t h . T h i s v i s i b ili t y a n a l y s i s i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e C l a ss I

v i s i b ilit y A Q R V a n a l

y s i s . T h e a dd i t i o n a l im

p ac t a n a l y s i s f o r t h e P H PP i s d i s c u ss e d i n S ec t i o n 9 b e l o w

.

8

. 1

. 2 I d e n t i f

i c a t i o n o f P H PP M o d e l i n g D o c u m e n t a t i o n

T h e PS D m

o d e li n g a n a l

y s i s f o r t h e P H PP w e n t t h

r o ug h s e v e r a l s t a g e s , r e f

l ec t i n g t h e r e gu l a t o r y

r e qu i r e m e n t s a n d gu i d a n ce c l a r i f

i ca t i o n s t h a t ca m

e i n t o e ff ec t o v e r t im

e , a s w e ll a s d i s c u ss i o n s b e t w ee n t h e a pp li ca n t a n d E P A a b o u t t h e a pp r o p r i a t e m e t h o d o l o g i e s f

o r im p ac t a ss e ss m

e n t

. I n
g e n e r a l

, t h e l a t e s t a n a l

y s e s s u b mitt e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t a r e d i s c u ss e d i n t h i s AA Q I R

, w it h s o m e

r e f e r e n ce s t o ea r li e r w o r k

.

T h e P H PP m

o d e li n g a n a l

y s i s c o m p r i s e s t h e e i g h t d o c u m

e n t s li s t e d i n

T a b l e 8

- 1 b e l o w . T h e C l a ss I a n d C l a ss II M o d e li n g P r o t o c o ls ( J u l y 2008 ) d e s c r i

b e t h e m e t h o d s t o b e u s e d f

o r t h e a i r qu a lit y im p ac t a n a l y s e s , i n c l ud i n g c h o i ce o f m

o d e l a n d t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f m o d e l i npu t s s u c h a s

m e t e o r o l o g i ca l d a t a . T h e PS D A pp li ca t i on ( M a r c h 2009 ) c o n t a i n s t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m

o d e li n g

. A f t e r t h e a pp li ca t i o n s u b mitt a l , E P A p o li c y c h a n g e d s o t h a t t h e PM 10 N AA Q S c o u l d n o l o n g e r b e

u s e d a s a s u rr o g a t e f

o r t h e PM 2 .5 N AA Q S

, a n d E P A p r o m u l g a t e d t h e 1

- h o u r NO 2 N AA Q S ;

n e i t h e r PM 2

. 5 n o r 1

- h o u r NO 2 t h e s e w a s a dd r e ss e d i n t h e o r i g i n a l m o d e li n g . T h e a pp li ca n t

s u b mitt e d S upp l e m

e n t a l I n f o r m a t i on ( J u n e 2010 ) t o upd a t e it s m o d e li n g a n a l

y s i s b y p r o v i d i n g a PM 2 .5 a n a l

y s i s a n d a 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l y s i s c o n s i d e r i n g t h e P r o

j ec t a n d b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s ; i t a l s o upg r a d e d t h e a dd i t i o n a l im p ac t a n a l y s i s d i s c u ss e d i n S ec t i o n 9 b e l o w . T h e a pp li ca n t ' s NO 2
M e m o #1 ( O c t o b e r 2010 ) p r o v i d e s a c u m u l a t i v e 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l

y s i s , w h i c h i n c l

ud e s n ea r b y

s o u r ce s i n a dd i t i o n t o t h e P r o j ec t i t s e l f

. F i n a ll y , t h e U pd a t e d A n a l

y s e s M e mo ( M a r c h 2011 )

r e v i s e s t h e PM 2 .5 a n d 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l y s e s t o acc o u n t f

o r c o rr ec t e d h o u r l

y e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s f

o r
t h e n ea r b y U

. S

. A i

r F o r ce P l a n t 42

, a n d t o u s e a m o r e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e o f t h e NO 2 b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n . T h e a pp li ca n t a l s o s u b mi tt e d a dd it i o n a l d o c u m e n t a t i o n i n NO 2 M e m

o #2 ( D ece m

b e r 2010 )

, a n d t h e NO 2 B ac kg r o u n d M e mo ( J u l y 2011 )

, p r o v i d i n g a dd it i o n a l j u s t i f i ca t i o n f o r t h e a pp r o ac h e s t a k e n f o r t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l y s i s

.

T a b l e 8

- 1 : M o d e l i n g D o c u m e n t a t i o n f o r P a l m d a l e H y b r i d P o w e r P r o j ec t P S D A pp l i c a t i on

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, AE C O M

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, 2010 (f il e " R e sp on s e t o 2 nd s e t o f E P A C o mme n ts on N O2 M od e ling

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s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d “ s i t e s p ec i f i c” ( o r “ o n

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r a m a r , C A

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s u r f ace r o ug hn e ss l e n g t h u s e d l a n d c o v e r i n 2 r a d i a l s ec t o r s , d e s e r t s c r u b a n d t h e a i r p o r t ' s a i r s t r i p ,
w h i c h a pp ea r s r ea s o n a b l e . T h e B o w e n r a t i o (r a t i o o f s e n s i b l e t o l a t e n t h ea t i n g , i

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M o d e l r ece p t o r s a r e c h o s e n g e o g r a p h i c l o ca t i o n s a t w h i c h t h e m o d e l e s t im a t e s c o n ce n t r a t i o n s

. T h e r ece p t o r s s h o u l d h a v e g oo d a r ea c o v e r a g e a n d b e c l o s e l y s p ace d e n o ug h s o t h a t t h e

m a x im u m m o d e l c o n ce n t r a t i o n s a r e b e f o u n d

. A t l a r g e r d i s t a n ce s , s p ac i n g b e t w ee n r ece p t o r s m a y b e g r ea t e r t h a n i t i s c l o s e t o t h e s o u r ce s i n ce c o n ce n t r a t i o n s v a r y l e ss w it h i n c r ea s i n g d i s t a n ce

. T h e s p a t i a l e x t e n t o f t h e r ece p t o r s i s limit e d b y t h e a pp li ca b l e r a n g e o f t h e m o d e l (r o ug h l

y 50 k m f o r A E R M OD )

, a n d p o ss i

b l y b y k n o w l e dg e o f t h e d i s t a n ce a t w h i c h im p ac t s f a ll t o n e g li g i

b l e l e v e l s

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acce ss , a n d n o t i n s i d e t h e p r o j ec t f e n ce li n e

. I n a dd it i o n , t o a v o i d o v e r l y c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s

w h e n m u l t i p l e s o u r ce s a r e b e i n g m

o d e l e d

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o d e li n g r u n s m a y b e n ee d e d f o r d i ff e r e n t

s u b s e t s o f r ece p t o r s , s o t h a t a g i v e n s o u r ce ' s e mi ss i o n s a r e n o t c o u n t e d t o w a r d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s

w i t h i n i t s o w n f e n ce li n e

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y l a r g e r s p ac i n g , w i t h 1000 m s p ac i n g b e t w ee n 10 a n d 20 k m d i s t a n t ( PS D
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, s u c h a s t h e e m

e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r , r a t h e r t h a n t h e m a i n c o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e s , a n d t h a t

m a x im u m im p ac t s w e r e o n t h e f

e n ce li n e o r w it h i n 100 m , a n d li k e l y d r i v e n b y d o w n w a s h e ff ec t s

. T h e a pp li ca n t c o n du c t e d a dd i t i o n a l m o d e li n g t o c o m

p a r e d i s t a n ce im

p ac t s t o t h o s e w it h i n t h e 20 k m g r i d

, a n d f

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o u t s i d e , d e p e n d i n g o n a v e r a g i n g t im e ( S upp l e m

e n t a l I n f o r m a t i o n p

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t h e r ece p t o r s p ac i n g a n d 20 k m s p a t i a l e x t e n t a r e a d e qu a t e f o r a n a l y s i s o f P H PP im

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o r m e d i n i t i a l “ l o a d s c r ee n i n g ” m o d e li n g , i n w h i c h a v a r i e t y o f s o u r ce o p e r a t i n g l o a d s a n d a m

b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s w e r e m

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s ce n a r i o f o r u s e i n t h e r e s t o f t h e m o d e li n g

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u t a n t

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e r e n t
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t h e m o d e li n g t o p r o v i d e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s o f P H PP im p ac t s

.P

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S ou r ce : PS D A pp li ca ti on T a b l e 6

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T h e a pp li ca n t p e r f

o r m e d a G oo d E n g i n ee r i n g P r ac t i ce ( G E P ) s t ac k h e i g h t a n a l y s i s , t o e n s u r e a )

t h a t d o w n w a s h i s p r o p e r l y c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e m

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A c u m u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s i n c l ud e s n ea r b y s o u r ce s i n a dd it i o n t o t h e P r o j ec t it s e l f

. F o r d e m o n s t r a t i n g c o m

p li a n ce w i t h t h e PS D i n c r e m e n t

, o n l y i n c r e m e n t

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, s i n ce t h e i n c r e m

e n t c o n ce r n s o n l

y c h a n g e s o cc u rr i n g s i n ce t h e a pp li ca b l e b a s e li n e d a t e

. H o w e v e r , a c o n s e r v a t i v e a n d s o m e t im e s ea s i e r a pp r o ac h i s s im

p l y t o m o d e l a ll n ea r b y s o u r ce s ;
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. F o r d e m o n s t r a t i n g c o m

p li a n ce w it h t h e N AA Q S

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m o d e li n g , s o t h a t t h e t o t a l acc o u n t s f o r a ll c o n t r i

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o r y

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b e r o f

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. 11 pd f

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T h e a pp li ca n t a l s o d o c u m e n t e d d i s c u ss i o n s w it h t h e D i s t r i c t

, M o j a v e D e s e r t A i

r Q u a li t yP

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m o n i t o r a pp ea r s t o b e v e r y c o n s e r v a t i v e , s o t h a t t h e im p li c it s p a t i a l u n i f

o r mit y a ss u m

p t i o n o f t h e h o u r- b y

- h o u r a pp r o ac h i s ac t u a ll y a c o n s e r v a t i v e a ss u m

p t i o n i n t h i s ca s e

. I f t h e m e mor ec o mm e n d e d p r o ce du r e w e r e t o b e u s e d i n t h i s ca s e , t h e n a s i n g l e u n u s u a ll y h i g h m o r n i n g

c o mm u t e h o u r l y c o n ce n t r a t i o n w o u l d b e a ss u m e d t o a pp l y t o e v e r y d a y o f t h e s ea s o n ; a s i n g l e NO 2 e x cee d a n ce w o u l d t h e n b ec o m e 90 e x cee d a n ce s , t h u s p o ss i b l y ca u s i n g a n e rr o n e o u s
p r e d i c t i o n o f a 1

- h o u r NO 2 v i o l a t i o n , a n o v e r l y c o n s e r v a t i v e a pp r o ac h

.

I n a dd i t i o n , t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s m

o d e li n g i n c l

ud e d s o m e i n t e r mitt e n t s o u r ce s ( P H PP ' s e m e r g e n c y
g e n e r a t o r s ) t h a t m a y n o t n ee d t o b e i n c l ud e d

, p e r E P A ’ s M a r c h 2011 m e mo 45 o n h o u r l

y NO 2

m o d e li n g , f u r t h e r a dd i n g t o t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e n e ss o f t h e a n a l y s i s

.

E P A b e li e v e s t h a t t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s o v e r a ll a pp r o ac h t o t h e 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l y s i s f o r t h e P H PP

, i n c l ud i n g t h e e mi ss i o n i nv e n t o r y , b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s o f NO 2 a n d O 3 , a n d m e t h o d f o r

c o m b i n i n g m o d e l r e s u l t s w i t h m o n i t o r e d v a l

u e s , i s a d e qu a t e l

y c o n s e r v a t i v e

.

8

. 4

. 3

. 4 R e s u lt

s o f t h e c u m u l a ti ve i m pa c t s a n a l y s i s

T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e PS D c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t s a n a l y s i s f o r P H PP ’ s n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s i s s h o w n i n T a b l e 8

- 6 . T h e a n a l

y s i s d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t e mi ss i o n s f

r o m P H PP du r i n g n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s w ill

n o t ca u s e o r c o n t r i

b u t e t o e x cee d a n ce s o f t h e N AA Q S f o r 1

- h o u r NO 2 , 24

- h o u r PM 10 , 24

- h o u r PM 2 .5 , o r a nn u a l PM 2 .5 o r a pp li ca b l e PS D i n c r e m e n t s

. A s d i s c u ss e d a b o v e , P H PP ’ s m a x im u m

m o d e l e d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s a r e b e l o w t h e S I L s f o r a nn u a l NO 2 , 1

- h o u r C O

, a n d 8

- h o u r C O ;
t h e r e f o r e , a c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t s a n a l y s i s w a s n o t r e qu i

r e d t o d e m

o n s t r a t e c o m

p li a n ce f o r t h e s e
p o ll u t a n t s / a v e r a g i n g t im

e s

.

44 I b i d.

, p

. 21

. 45 I b i d.

, p

. 10

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 61 T a b l e 8

- 6 : P H PP C o m p l i a n ce w i t h P S D I n c r e m e n t s a nd NAA Q S , N o r m a l O p e r a t i o n s NAA Q S

p o ll u t a n t &

av e r ag i n g t i m e A ll S o u r ce s

M o d e l e d
I m p a c t P S D

I n c r e m e n t B a c k g r o und

C o n ce n t r a t i on C u m u l a t i v e

i m p a c t w /
b a c k g r o und NAA Q S
NO 2 , 1

- h r ; U S A F 106

. 9 N A ( h o u r l y ) 175

. 3 188 ( 100 pp b )

NO 2 , 1

- h r ;

o t h e r 108

. 2 N A 77

. 1 185

. 3 188 ( 100 pp b )

PM 10 , 24

- h

r 12

. 9 30 86 98

. 9 150
PM 2 .5 , 24

- h

r 12

. 58 N A 16

. 3 28

. 9 35
PM 2 .5 , a nn u a l 1

. 3 N A 7

. 6 8

. 9 15

N o t e s:

- “ U S A F ” v a l u e s a r e f

o r r ece p t o r s w it

h i n U S A F P l a n t 42 ; “ o t

h e r ” i s f o r r ece p t o r s e l s e w h e r e ; U S A F P l a n t 42 r ece p t o r s

a r e no t a m b i e n t a i r w it h r e s p ec t t o it s o w n e m

i ss i on s

.

- B ac kg r ound

c on ce n t r a ti on s f o r U S A F r ece p t o r s w e r e a dd e d hou r- b y

- hou r t o m od e l e d c on ce n t r a ti on s b e f

o r e c o m p u ti ng 98 t h p e r ce n til e t o t a l i m

p ac t

, r a t h e r t h a n a s i ng l e b ac kg r ound v a l u e b e i ng a dd e d t o t h e m od e l e d i m

p ac t a s f o r
t h e o t h e r ca s e s

. S ou r ce s: NO 2 U S A F : S u pp l e m e n t a l I n f o r m a ti on p3

- 2

. p d f

. 22
NO 2 o t h e r : U p d a t e d A n a l y s e s M e m o T a b l e 7

, p

. 11 p d f

. 11 , “ N o r m a l O p e r a ti on s

- N o P H PP F i r e W a t e r P u m p ”
PM 10 : PS D A pp li ca ti on T a b l e 6

- 7

, p

. 6

- 8 p d f

. 53
PM 2 .5 : U p d a t e d A n a l y s e s M e m o T a b l e 9

, p

. 15 p d f

. 15

8

. 4

. 3

. 5 S t a r t u p a n d s hu t

do w n a n a l

y s e s

C o m b u s t i o n t u r b i n e C O a n d NO X e mi ss i o n s du r i n g s t a r t up a n d s h u t d o w n ( S U / S D ) a r e e s t im a t e d

t o b e s u b s t a n t i a ll

y h i g h e r t h a n du r i n g n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s , a n d t h u s t h e a pp li ca n t a l s o m o d e l e d f o r

s h u t d o w n , t h e c o n d i t i o n h a v i n g t h e h i g h e s t e mi ss i o n s

. M o d e l e d s t ac k p a r a m e t e r s s u c h a s e x it

t e m p e r a t u r e a n d e xh a u s t v e l o c i t y w e r e c o n s i s t e n t w it h a 20 % o p e r a t i n g l o a d ; t h e a m b i e n t

t e m p e r a t u r e u s e d r e p r e s e n t e d w o r s t

- ca s e m e t e o r o l o g i ca l c o n d it i o n s , e mi ss i o n i n t o a c oo l m o r n i n g

s t a b l e l a y e r

. S i n ce s h u t d o w n du r a t i o n m a y n o t e x cee d h a l f a n h o u r , w o r s t ca s e h o u r l y e mi ss i o n s

c o n s i s t o f a h a l f

- h o u r o f n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s f o ll o w e d b y a s h u t d o w n e v e n t

. F o r C O

, t h i s i s 1 / 2 o f 15

. 16 l b / h r , p l u s 337 l b

, f o r a c o m b i n e d r a t e o f 344

. 6 l

b / h r p e r t u r b i n e ( PS D A

pp li ca t i o n p

. 6

- 9 pd f

. 54 )

. F o r NO X , t h i s i s 1 / 2 o f 16

. 6 l b / h r , p l u s 57 l b

, f o r a c o m b i n e d r a t e o f 65

. 3 l

b / h r p e r
t u r b i n e ( U pd a t e d A n a l

y s e s M e m o T a b l e 7

, p

. 11 pd f

. 11 ) . E m e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r t e s t i n g w a s n o t i n c l ud e d i n t h e NO X m

o d e li n g , s i n ce i t w o u l d n o t b e u n d e r g o i n g t e s t i n g du r i n g s o u r ce s h u t d o w n

. T h i s 1

- h o u r NO 2 a n a l

y s i s c o n t i n u e s t o u s e t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e a ss u m p t i o n s d i s c u ss e d a b o v e f

o r t h e

a n a l y s i s o f n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s . T h e m o d e l r e s u l t s a r e s h o w n i n

T a b l e 8

- 7 f

o r t h e p r e limi n a r y o r P r o j ec t

- o n l y a n a l y s i s , a n d i n

T a b l e 8

- 8 f

o r t h e c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t s a n a l y s i s . T h e r e s u l

t s d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t e mi ss i o n s f

r o m P H PP w ill c o m

p l y w it h t h e 1

- h o u r NO 2 N AA Q S a n d b o t h t h e 1- h o u r a n d 8

- h o u r C O N AA Q S u n d e r s h u t d o w n c o n d it i o n s ( a n d t h e r e f o r e f o r s t a r t up c o n d it i o n s , f o r w h i c h e mi ss i o n s a r e l o w e r)

. W e n o t e t h a t t h e a pp li ca n t w a s n o t r e qu i r e d t o , a n d d i d n o t

, p e r f o r m a c u m

u l a t i v e im p ac t a n a l y s i s f o r C O

, a s it s e mi ss i o n s a r e b e l o w t h e S I L s ; h o w e v e r , f o r i n f o r m a t i o n a l pu r p o s e s , P r o

j ec t im p ac t s w e r e a dd e d t o b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s o f C O f o r a

r o ug h c o m

p a r i s o n t o t h e N AA Q S

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 62

T a b l e 8

- 7 : P H PP S i g n i f i c a n t I m p a c t s , S t a r t up / Shu t d o w n NAA Q S p o ll u t a n t & av e r ag i n g t i m e P r o j ec t- o n l y M o d e l e d
I m p a c t S i g n i f i c a n t I m p a c t L e v e l ( S I L ) , μ g /m 3 P r o j ec t s i g n i f

i c a n t i m p a c t ?
C O

, 1

- h r 674

. 6 2000 N o C O

, 8

- h r 489

. 1 500 N o NO 2

, 1

- h r 136

. 4 7

. 5 ( 4 pp b ) Y e s S ou r ce s: C O : PS D A pp li ca ti on T a b l e 6

- 9

, p

. 6

- 9 p d f

. 54
NO 2 1

- h r : S u pp l e m e n t a l I n f o r m a ti on p3

- 3

. p d f

. 23

T a b l e 8

- 8 : P H PP C o m p l i a n ce w i t h NAA Q S , S t a r t up / Shu t d o w n NAA Q S

p o ll u t a n t &

av e r ag i n g t i m e P r o

j ec to n l y M o d e l e d i m p a c t A ll

S o u r ce s M o d e l e d
I m p a c t B a c k g r o und

C o n ce n t r a t i on C u m u l a t i v e

i m p a c t w /
b a c k g r o und NAA Q S
C O

, 1

- h r 674

. 6 N A 3

, 680 4

, 354

. 6 40

, 000 ( 35 pp m )
C O

, 8

- h r 489

. 1 N A 1

, 840 2

, 329

. 1 10

, 000 ( 9 pp m )
NO 2 , 1

- h r ; U S A F ( n o t

m o d e l e d ) 136

. 4 ( h o u r l y ) 180

. 3 188 ( 100 pp b )

NO 2 , 1

- h r ;

o t h e r ( n o t

m o d e l e d ) 109

. 7 77

. 1 186

. 9 188 ( 100 pp b )

N o t e s:

- T h e r e a r e no PS D i n c r e m e n t s d e f i n e d f o r C O o r f

o r 1

- hou r NO 2
.

- P H PP e m

i ss i on s a r e no t s i gn i f

i ca n t f o r C O

, s o no c u m

u l a ti v e a n a l y s i s i s r e q u i r e d ; “c u m u l a ti v e i m p ac t ” h e r e i s P H PPon l y p l u s b ac kg r ound

.

- “ U S A F ” v a l u e s a r e f

o r r ece p t o r s w it

h i n U S A F P l a n t 42 ; “ o t

h e r ” i s f o r r ece p t o r s e l s e w h e r e ; U S A F P l a n t 42 r ece p t o r s

a r e no t a m b i e n t a i r w it h r e s p ec t t o it s o w n e m

i ss i on s

. P r o

j ec t

- on l y i m

p ac t s w e r e no t m od e l e d f

o r 1

- hou r NO 2

s t a r t u p / s hu t do w n , r a t

h e r on l y t h e f u ll c u m u l a ti v e i m p ac t w a s m od e l e d

.

- B ac kg r ound

c on ce n t r a ti on s f o r U S A F r ece p t o r s w e r e a dd e d hou r- b y

- hou r t o m od e l e d c on ce n t r a ti on s b e f

o r e c o m p u ti ng 98 t h p e r ce n til e t o t a l i m

p ac t

, r a t h e r t h a n a s i ng l e b ac kg r ound v a l u e b e i ng a dd e d t o t h e m od e l e d i m

p ac t a s f o r t h e

o t h e r ca s e s .” P r o

j ec t

- on l y ” a nd “a ll s ou r ce s ” a r e t

h e s a m e e x ce p t f

o r 1

- h r NO 2 “ o t

h e r ” r ece p t o r s

. S ou r ce s: C O : PS D A pp li ca ti on T a b l e 6

- 9

, p

. 6

- 9 p d f

. 54 ; P r o j ec t

- on l y p l u s b ac kg r ound
NO 2 U S A F : S u pp l e m e n t a l I n f o r m a ti on p3

- 3

. p d f

. 23
NO 2 o t h e r : U p d a t e d A n a l y s e s M e m o T a b l e 7

, p

. 11 p d f

. 11 , “ S t a r t

u p / S hu t do w n

- N o P H PP E m e r g e n c y g e n e r a t o r”



### 8

. 5 C l a ss I A r e a A n a l

y s i s

T h e C l a ss I a r ea a n a l

y s i s w a s p e r f

o r m e d u s i n g C A L P U FF V e r s i o n 5

. 8 f o r l o n g r a n g e t r a n s p o r t

,
w h i c h r e qu i

r e d a dd i t i o n a l d e t a il e d m

e t e o r o l o g i ca l d a t a a s e x p l a i n e d i n t h e a pp li ca n t ’ s C l a ss I
M o d e li n g P r o t o c o l

. A dd i t i o n a ll y , t h e a pp li ca n t u s e d C A L P U FF t o a ss e ss PS D C l a ss I i n c r e m e n t

c o n s u m p t i o n , r e g i o n a l h aze , a n d ac i d d e p o s it i o n . T h e C l a ss I m o d e li n g p r o t o c o l w a s p r o v i d e d t o
t h e F e d e r a l L a n d M a n a g e r s ( F L Ms ) f o r t h e t w o r e l e v a n t C l a ss I a r ea s , t h e C u ca m o n g a a n d t h e S a n G a b r i e l W il d e r n e ss A r ea s . T h e F L Ms r a i s e d n o o b j ec t i o n s t o t h e p r o t o c o l o r t h e m o d e li n gP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 63 i t s e l f

.

8

. 5

. 1 C l a ss I I n c r e m e n t C o n s u m p t i o n A n a l y s i s

T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e P H PP C l a ss I i n c r e m e n t a n a l y s i s a r e s h o w n i n

T a b l e 8

- 9 ; f

o r t h e PS D p o ll

u t a n t s f o r w h i c h t h e r e a r e a pp li ca b l e i n c r e m e n t s , P H PP im

p ac t s a r e l e ss t h a n t h e C l a ss I S i g n i f i ca n t I m p ac t L e v e l s ( S I L s )

, a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e a pp li ca n t h a s d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w ill n o t ca u s e

o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a n y C l a ss I PS D i n c r e m e n t v i o l a t i o n

.

T a b l e 8

- 9 : P H PP C l a ss I I n c r e m e n t I m p a c ts

C l a ss I A r e a P o ll u t a n t a nd

av e r ag i n g t i m e P r o

j ec t I m p a c t , μ g /m 3 S i g n i f

i c a n t I m p a c t L e v e l , μ g /m 3 C l a ss I P S D

I n c r e m e n t , μ g /m 3

C u ca m o n g a W il d e r n e ss A

r ea NO 2 , a nn u a l 0

. 0010 0

. 1 2

. 5
PM 10 , 24

- h

r 0

. 059 0

. 3 8
PM 10 , a nn u a l 0

. 003 0

. 2 4

S a n G a b r i e l
W il d e r n e ss A

r ea NO 2 , a nn u a l 0

. 0017 0

. 1 2

. 5
PM 10 , 24

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r 0

. 122 0

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PM 10 , a nn u a l 0

. 004 0

. 2 4

S ou r ce : PS D A pp li ca ti on , T a b l e 6

- 10

, p

. 6

- 11 p d f

. 56

8

. 5

. 2 V i s i b i l i t y a nd D e p o s i t i o n i n C l a ss I a r e a s

T h e PS D r e gu l a t i o n s a t 40 C

. F

. R

. s ec t i o n 52

. 21 r e qu i r e t h a t PS D p e r mit a pp li ca n t s a dd r e ss
p o t e n t i a l im

p a i r m e n t t o v i s i b ilit y ( e

. g ., r e g i o n a l h aze , p l u m e b li g h t ) f o r C l a ss I a r ea s . T h e d e p o s i t i o n o f n i t r o g e n i s a n o t h e r p o t e n t i a l c o n ce r n du e t o p o t e n t i a l e ff ec t s o n s o il s , v e g e t a t i o n ,
a n d o t h e r b i o l o g i ca l r e s o u r ce s

.

F o r C u ca m

o n g a W il d e r n e ss A

r ea ( W A )

, w h i c h i s l o ca t e d g r ea t e r t h a n 50 k m f r o m t h e P r o

j ec t

, a C l a ss I r e g i o n a l h aze a n a l y s i s w a s c o n du c t e d . T h e m o d e li n g c o n s i d e r e d t h e t w o C T G s ’ e mi ss i o n s

o f H 2 SO 4 , NO X , PM 10 , PM 2 .5 , a n d SO 2 . T h e a pp li ca n t u s e d C A L P U FF t o p r e d i c t v i s i b ili t y im p ac t s a t C l a ss I a r ea s

. V i s i b ilit y im p ac t s a r e a ss e ss e d u s i n g t h e e x t i n c t i o n c o e ff i c i e n t (b
e xt )

,
w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s t h e s ca tt e r i n g o f li g h t b y a i r p o ll u t a n t s , w h i c h a pp ea r s a s h aze t h a t r e du ce s

v i s i b ilit y . T h e r e s u l

t s o f t h e C A L P U FF m

o d e li n g f o r t h e t h r ee m e t e o r o l o g y y ea r s ( 2001

- 2003 )

a r e s h o w n i n

T a b l e 8

- 10 a n d i n d i ca t e t h a t c h a n g e s i n li g h t e x t i n c t i o n (b
e xt )

, a v e r a g e d o v e r a 24- h o u r p e r i o d

, a t C u ca m

o n g a W A i s p r e d i c t e d t o b e b e l o w t h e 5 % c h a n g e t h r e s h o ld 46

.

46 “ F e d e r a l L

a nd M a n a g e r s ’ A i r Q u a lit y R e l a t e d V a l u e s W o r kg r ou p ( F L AG ) P h a s e I R e p o r t ” (D ece m b e r 2000 )

, U

. S

. F o r e s t S e r v i ce, N a ti on a l P a r k S e r v i ce, U

. S

. F i s h A nd W il d li f e S e r v i ce. h tt

p :// www 2

. n a t

u r e. n p s

. gov / a i r

/ P e r m it s / f l a g/P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 64

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. 10 : C l a ss I A r e a R e g i o n a l H a z e CA L P U FF M o d e l i n g R e s u l t s

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e n t r e g a r d i n g a dd it i o n a l im p ac t s t o v e g e t a t i o n , t h e a pp li ca n t a l s o

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it t o t h e V i c t o r v ill e 2 H y

b r i d P o w e r P r o

j ec t i n 2010

. E P A p r o p o s e d t h e PS D p e r m

it i n 2008

, w it

h D o c k e t I

. D

. nu m

b e r E P A

- R 09 -O A R

- 2008

- 0406

. ( h tt p :// www

. r e gu l a ti on s

. gov / # ! do c k e t D e t a il; D = E P A

- R 09 -O A R

- 2008

- 0406 )

. T h e i n iti a l PS D p e r m it w a s i ss u e d i n 2010

w it h D o c k e t I

. D

. nu m

b e r E P A

- R 09 -O A R

- 2008

- 0765 ( h tt p :// www

. r e gu l a ti on s

. gov / # ! do c k e t D e t a il; D = E P A

- R 09 -O AR2008

- 0765 )P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 68 

### 9

. 2 V i s i b ilit y I m pa i r m e n t

U s i n g p r o ce du r e s i n

E P A ’ s W o r k

b oo k f o r P l u m e V i s u a l I m

p ac t S c r ee n i n g a n d A n a l

y s is 50

, t h e

a pp li ca n t e v a l

u a t e d v i s i b ilit y im p a i r m e n t f o r o n e C l a ss I a r ea a n d f

i v e C l a ss II a r ea s . T h e f

i v e C l a ss II a r ea s i n c l

ud e d t h r ee s t a t e p a r k s , o n e w oo d l a n d

, a n d o n e w il d e r n e ss a r ea

.

I n t h e i n i t i a l PS D a pp li ca t i o n , t h e a pp li ca n t p r e s e n t e d v i s i b ili t y im p a i r m e n t ( e

. g ., p l

u m e b li g h t ) f o r
t h e C l a ss I a r ea o f S a n G a b r i e l W il d e r n e ss A r ea ( s ee S ec t i o n 8

. 5

. 2 o f t h e a pp li ca t i o n )

, w h i c h i s l o ca t e d w i

t h i n 50 k m o f t h e p r o p o s e d P H PP . T h e a pp li ca n t p r o v i d e d s upp l e m e n t a l a pp li ca t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n f

o r v i s i b ilit y im p a i r m e n t i n J u l y 2010 f o r f i v e C l a ss II a r ea s i d e n t i f

i e d a s p o t e n t i a ll

y

s e n s i t i v e s t a t e o r f

e d e r a l p a r k s , f

o r e s t s , m o n u m e n t s , o r r ec r ea t i o n a r ea s w it h i n 50 k m o f t h e
p r o j ec t . T h e s e f

i v e a r ea s w i t h t h e i

r a pp r o x im a t e c l o s e s t d i s t a n ce s t o P H PP w e r e :

• A n t e l o p e V a ll e y I n d i a n M u s e u m S t a t e P a r k ( 23 k m )

• S a dd l e b ac k B u tt e S t a t e P a r k ( 26 k m )

• A n t e l o p e V a ll e y C a li f o r n i a P o pp y S t a t e R e s e r v e ( 26 k m )

,

• A r t h u r B

. R i

p l e y D e s e r t W oo d l a n d ( 37 k m )

, a n d

• S h ee p M o u n t a i n W A ( 43 k m )

T h e a pp li ca n t p e r f

o r m e d a L e v e l 1 a n d L e v e l 2 V I S CR EE N a n a l y s i s f o r a ll f i v e a r ea s . T h e r e s u l

t s

o f t h i s a n a l

y s i s w e r e b e l o w t h e s i g n i f i ca n ce c r it e r i a f

o r t h r ee o f t h e f

i v e a r ea s

. A f

u r t h e r r e f i n e m e n t i n V I S CR EE N o f p l

u m e p e r ce p t i b ilit y f o r t h e t w o e x ce p t i o n s

– S a dd l e b ac k B u tt e S t a t e P a r k a n d
A n t e l o p e V a ll e y I n d i a n M u s e u m S t a t e P a r k

– w a s p e r f o r m e d f o r t h e w o r s t

- ca s e d a y

t im e

m e t e o r o l o g i ca l c o n d i t i o n s ; t h e r e s u l t i s t h a t t h e p l

u m e w o u l d n o t b e p e r ce p t i

b l e a t e it h e r s it e du r i n g d a y li g h t h o u r s , b a s e d o n l o w p l u m e p e r ce p t i b ilit y a n d c o n t r a s t p r e d i c t e d b y V I S CR EE N

.

B a s e d o n t h e V I S CR EE N r e s u l t s , w b e li e v e t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w o u l d n o t c o n t r i

b u t e t o v i s i

b ilit y im p a i r m e n t

.



### 9

. 3 G r o w t h

T h e g r o w t h c o m

p o n e n t o f t h e a dd i t i o n a l im p ac t a n a l y s i s c o n s i d e r s a n a n a l

y s i s o f g e n e r a l

c o mm e r c i a l

, r e s i d e n t i a l

, i n du s t r i a l a n d o t h e r g r o w t h a ss o c i a t e d w it h t h e P H PP

. 40 C

. F

. R

. § 52

. 21 ( o ) . T h e P H PP i s e x p ec t e d t o e m p l o y 36 e m

p l o y ee s , w it h a n a m

p l e w o r k f

o r ce i n t h e S o u t h e r n C a li f

o r n i a a r ea t o acc o mm

o d a t e t h e P H PP e s t im a t e d p ea k o f 767 c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s ; im p ac t s t o t h e l o ca l p o pu l a t i o n a n d h o u s i n g n ee d s a r e t h e r e f o r e e x p ec t e d t o b e mi n im a l

. T h e r e f o r e , w e d o n o t e x p ec t t h i s p r o j ec t t o r e s u l

t i n a n y s i g n i f

i ca n t g r o w t h

.

T h e a pp li ca n t p r o v i d e d g r o w t h -r e l a t e d i n f o r m a t i o n i n it s i n it i a l PS D a pp li ca t i o n a n d i n

s upp l e m e n t a l a pp li ca t i o n m a t e r i a l s s u b mitt e d t o E P A i n J u l y 2010 a n d J u l

y 2011 . T h e J u l

y 2011

s upp l e m e n t i n c l ud e s A tt ac h m

e n t A

, w h i c h i s a n upd a t e d v e r s i o n o f t h e s o c i o ec o n o mi c s a n a l y s i s P H PP p r e p a r e d f

o r i t s J u l y 2008 C a li f

o r n i a E n e r g y C o mmi ss i o n ( C E C ) A pp li ca t i o n f

o r

50 “ W o r k b ook f o r P l u m e V i s u a l I m

p ac t S c r ee n i ng a nd A n a l y s i s ( R e v i s e d ) ”, E P A

, E P A –454 /R –92–023

, 1992

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 69 C e r t i f i ca t i o n ( A F C ) . T h e a pp li ca n t ’ s o r i g i n a l J u l y 2008 C E C A F C s o c i o ec o n o mi c s a n a l y s i s w a s b a s e d o n 2000 C e n s u s d a t a ; A tt ac h m e n t A o f t h e J u l

y 2011 s upp l e m

e n t i n c l ud e s upd a t e d
i n f o r m a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e a v a il a b l e 2010 C e n s u s d a t a r e g a r d i n g p o pu l a t i o n a n d p o pu l a t i o n g r o w t h

p r o j ec t i o n s

.

T h e a pp li ca n t ’ s i n i t i a l PS D a pp li ca t i o n g r o w t h a n a l y s i s ( S ec t i o n 6

. 3

. 2 ) s t a t e d t h a t “

... n o l o n gt e r m g r o w t h i s e x p ec t e d du r i n g p r o j ec t o p e r a t i o n s

. ” A P r o

j ec t l a b o r f

o r ce o f 36 e m

p l o y ee s w a s

e s t im a t e d . T h e J u l

y 2010 s upp l e m

e n t f u r t h e r d i s c u ss e d t h e P r o

j ec t ’ s p o t e n t i a l g r o w t h

- i n du c i n g

ac t i v i t i e s

. A dd i t i o n a l d e t a il s i n t h i s s upp l e m e n t i n c l ud e d a s u mm a r y o f g r o w t h

- i n du c i n g im p ac t s

a ss o c i a t e d w i t h e m

p l o y m e n t . T h e i n f

o r m a t i o n s u b mitt e d i n d i ca t e s t h a t f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d

o p e r a t i n g p h a s e s o f t h e P r o j ec t

, im p ac t s t o t h e p o pu l a t i o n a n d h o u s i n g n ee d s a r e e x p ec t e d t o b e mi n im a l

, a n d a r e e x p ec t e d n o t t o i n du ce s u b s t a n t i a l p o pu l a t i o n g r o w t h

.

W i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e qu e s t i o n o f w h e t h e r t h e P r o j ec t ’ s p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n w o u l d i n du ce g r o w t h

, t h e

a pp li ca n t a n t i c i

p a t e s t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w o u l d li

k e l y d i s p l ace t h e o l d e r o n ce

- t h r o ug h c oo li n g f ac ilit i e s i n t h e S o u t h e r n C a li f o r n i a r e g i o n t h a t a r e e x p ec t e d t o b e r e t i r e d i n t h e f

u t u r e . T h e r e f

o r e ,
r a t h e r t h a n i n du ce g r o w t h

, P H PP w o u l d s upp l y e n e r g y t o acc o mm

o d a t e t h e e x i s t i n g d e m a n d a n d

p r o j ec t e d g r o w t h i n t h e S o u t h e r n C a li f o r n i a r e g i o n

.

I n s u m , b a s e d o n o u r c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a n a l

y s i s p r o v i d e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t

, w e d o n o t e x p ec t t h e P r o

j ec t t o r e s u l

t i n a n y s i g n i f

i ca n t g r o w t h

.


## 10

. E nd a n g e r e d Sp ecie s

P u r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n 7 o f t h e E n d a n g e r e d S p ec i e s A c t ( E S A )

, 16 U

. S

. C

. 1536

, a n d it s im p l e m e n t i n g r e gu l a t i o n s a t 50 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 402 , E P A i s r e qu i r e d t o e n s u r e t h a t a n y ac t i o n

a u t h o r i ze d

, f

u n d e d

, o r ca rr i e d o u t b y

E P A i s n o t li

k e l y t o j e o p a r d i ze t h e c o n t i n u e d

e x i s t e n ce o f a n y e n d a n g e r e d o r t h r ea t e n e d s p ec i e s o r r e s u l

t i n t h e d e s t r u c t i o n o r a d v e r s e

m o d i f i ca t i o n o f s u c h s p ec i e s ’ d e s i g n a t e d c r it i ca l h a b it a t . E P A h a s d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h i s PS D p e r mitt i n g ac t i o n i s s u b j ec t t o E S A s ec t i o n 7 r e qu i r e m e n t s

.

T h e a pp li ca n t a n d E P A i d e n t i f i e d t w o f e d e r a ll y

- li s t e d s p ec i e s , t h e d e s e r t t o r t o i s e G oph e r u s
aga ss i z ii ) a n d t h e a rr o y o t o a d ( B u f o c a li f o r n i ca )

, t h a t mi g h t b e a ff

ec t e d b y t h e p r o p o s e d
PS D p e r mitt i n g ac t i o n f

o r t h e P r o j ec t

. I n M a r c h 2009

, a D r a f t B i o l o g i ca l A ss e ss m

e n t ( B A ) w a s s u b mitt e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t t o E P A a n d t h e U

. S

. F i s h a n d W il d li f e S e r v i ce ( F W S )

. B a s e d o n d i s c u ss i o n s b e t w ee n t h e a pp li ca n t a n d F W S

, i n A ugu s t 2009

, t h e

a pp li ca n t s u b mitt e d t o E P A a n d F W S a n A dd e n du m t o t h e B A . T h e B A A dd e n du m f u r t h e r d e t a il e d t h a t t h e P H PP “

... m a y a ff ec t b u t i s n o t li

k e l y t o a d v e r s e l

y a ff ec t t h e d e s e r t t o r t o i s e a n d w ill h a v e n o e ff ec t o n t h e a rr o y o t o a d

. ” I n J u l y 2011

, t h e a pp li ca n t

s u b mi tt e d a s ec o n d A dd e n du m t o t h e B A t o E P A a n d F W S

, o u t li n i n g upd a t e s t o t h e P r o j ec t s c o p e a n d a f

u r t h e r a n a l

y s i s s upp o r t i n g t h e c o n c l

u s i o n t h a t t h e P H PP m a y a ff ec t

, b u t i s n o t li

k e l y t o a d v e r s e l

y a ff ec t

, t h e f e d e r a ll y

- li s t e d d e s e r t t o r t o i s e a n d w ill h a v e n o

e ff ec t o n t h e f

e d e r a ll y

- li s t e d a rr o y o t o a d

.P

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 70 I n a l e tt e r d a t e d A ugu s t 5

, 2011 , E P A r e qu e s t e d F W S ’ s w r itt e n c o n c u rr e n ce w it h E P A ’ s d e t e r mi n a t i o n u n d e r E S A s ec t i o n 7 t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P H PP i s n o t li k e l y t o a d v e r s e l

y a ff ec t t h e d e s e r t t o r t o i s e o r a rr o y o t o a d

.

E P A w ill p r o cee d w i t h i t s f i n a l PS D p e r mit d ec i s i o n a f t e r m a k i n g a d e t e r mi n a t i o n t h a t i ss u a n ce o f t h e p e r mit w ill b e c o n s i s t e n t w it h E S A r e qu i

r e m e n t s

. I n m a k i n g t h i s d e t e r mi n a t i o n , E P A w ill c o n s i d e r ac t i o n s t a k e n , o r t o b e t a k e n , b y t h e a pp li ca n t t o e n s u r e E S A c o m p li a n ce

.


## 1 1

. E n v i r o n m e n ta l J us t ice An a l y s i s

E x ec u t i v e O r d e r 12898

, e n t i t l e d “ F e d e r a l A c t i o n s T o A dd r e ss E nv i r o n m e n t a l J u s t i ce i n M i n o r i t y P o pu l a t i o n s a n d L o w -I n c o m e P o pu l a t i o n s , ” s t a t e s i n r e l e v a n t p a r t t h a t “ eac h
F e d e r a l a g e n c y s h a ll m a k e ac h i e v i n g e nv i r o n m e n t a l j u s t i ce p a r t o f it s mi ss i o n b y i d e n t i f y i n g a n d a dd r e ss i n g , a s a pp r o p r i a t e , d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y h i g h a n d a d v e r s e h u m a n h ea l t h o r e nv i r o n m e n t a l e ff ec t s o f it s p r o g r a m s , p o li c i e s , a n d ac t i v it i e s o n mi n o r it y
p o pu l a t i o n s a n d l o w

- i n c o m e p o pu l a t i o n s

. ” S ec t i o n 1

- 101 o f E x ec

. O r d e r 12898

, 59 F e d

. R e g

. 7629 ( F e b

. 16

, 1994 )

.

E P A d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e r e m a y b e mi n o r it y o r l o w

- i n c o m e p o pu l a t i o n s p o t e n t i a ll

y

a ff ec t e d b y i t s p r o p o s e d ac t i o n o n t h e P H PP PS D p e r mit a pp li ca t i o n , a n d d e t e r mi n e d t h a t i t w o u l d b e a pp r o p r i a t e t o p r e p a r e a n E nv i r o n m e n t a l J u s t i ce A n a l

y s i s f o r t h i s ac t i o n . E P A

t h e r e f o r e p r e p a r e d a n

E nv i r o n m e n t a l J u s t i ce A n a l

y s i s , w h i c h i s i n c l

ud e d i n t h e

a d mi n i s t r a t i v e r ec o r d f

o r E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P r o j ec t . E P A ’ s a n a l

y s i s

c o n c l ud e s t h a t t h e P r o

j ec t w ill n o t ca u s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a i r qu a li t y l e v e l s i n e x ce ss o f
h ea l t h s t a n d a r d s f

o r t h e p o ll

u t a n t s r e gu l a t e d u n d e r E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P r o j ec t

, a n d t h a t t h e r e f

o r e t h e P r o

j ec t w ill n o t r e s u l

t i n d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l

y h i g h a n d

a d v e r s e h u m a n h ea l

t h o r e nv i r o n m e n t a l e ff ec t s w it h r e s p ec t t o t h e s e a i r p o ll u t a n t s o n mi n o r i t y o r l o w

- i n c o m

e p o pu l a t i o n s r e s i d i n g n ea r t h e p r o p o s e d P r o j ec t

, o r o n t h e

c o mm u n i t y a s a w h o l e

.


## 12

. C le a n A i r A c t T i t le I V ( A ci d R a i n P er m i t) a nd T i t le V ( O p er at i n g P er m i t)

T h e a pp li ca n t m

u s t a pp l y f o r a n d o b t a i n a n ac i d r a i n p e r mit a n d a T it l e V o p e r a t i n g p e r mit

. T h e a pp li ca n t w ill a pp l

y f o r t h e s e p e r mit s a f

t e r t h e f ac ilit y i s c o n s t r u c t e d

, a s t h e s e p e r mit s

a r e n o t r e qu i

r e d p r i o r t o c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e D i s t r i c t h a s j u r i s d i c t i o n t o i ss u e t h e A c i d R a i n P e r mit a n d t h e O p e r a t i n g P e r mi t f o r t h e f ac ilit y

.


## 13

. C o mm e n t P eri o d , He a ri n g , P ub lic In fo r m at i o n M ee t i n g , P r o ce du r e s fo r F i n a l D eci s i o n , a nd E P A C o n ta c tP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 71 T h e c o mm

e n t p e r i o d f

o r E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P r o j ec t b e g i n s o n A ugu s t 11

, 2011

. A n y i n t e r e s t e d p e r s o n m a y s u b mi t w r itt e n c o mm e n t s o n E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d PS D

p e r mit f o r t h e P r o j ec t

. A ll w r i tt e n c o mm

e n t s o n E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d ac t i o n m u s t b e r ece i v e d
b y E P A v i a e m a il b y S e p t e m b e r 14 , 2011

, o r p o s t m a r k e d b y S e p t e m b e r 14 , 2011

. C o mm e n t s m u s t b e s e n t o r d e li v e r e d i n w r it i n g t o L i s a B ec k h a m a t o n e o f t h e f o ll o w i n g

a dd r e ss e s :

E

- m a il : R 9 a i

r p e r mit s @ e p a

. g ov

U

. S

. M a il : L i s a B ec k h a m ( A I R

- 3 )

U

. S . E P A R e g i o n 9 75 H a w t h o r n e S t r ee t S a n F r a n c i s c o , C A 94105

- 3901
P h o n e : ( 415 ) 972

- 3811

C o mm e n t s s h o u l d a dd r e ss t h e p r o p o s e d PS D p e r mit a n d f ac ilit y , i n c l

ud i n g s u c h m a tt e r s

a s :

1. T h e B e s t A v a il a b l e C o n t r o l T ec hn o l o g y ( B A C T ) d e t e r mi n a t i o n s ; 2. T h e e ff

ec t s , i f a n y , o n C l a ss I a r ea s ; 3. T h e e ff

ec t o f t h e p r o p o s e d f

ac ili t y o n a m

b i e n t a i r qu a li t y ; a n d
4. T h e a tt a i n m

e n t a n d m a i n t e n a n ce o f t h e N AA Q S

.

A l t e r n a t i v e l y , w r i tt e n o r o r a l c o mm

e n t s m a y b e s u b mi tt e d t o E P A a t t h e P u b li c H ea r i n g f o r t h i s m a tt e r t h a t E P A w ill h o l d o n S e p t e m b e r 14 , 2011 , pu r s u a n t t o 40 C

. F

. R

. §
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. 12

, t o p r o v i d e t h e pu b li c w it h f u r t h e r o pp o r t u n it y t o c o mm e n t o n t h e p r o p o s e d PS D

p e r mit f o r t h e P r o j ec t

. A t t h i s P u b li c H ea r i n g , a n y i n t e r e s t e d p e r s o n m a y p r o v i d e w r itt e n

o r o r a l c o mm

e n t s , i n E n g li s h o r S p a n i s h

, a n d d a t a p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e p r o p o s e d p e r mi t

.

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o r t h e
pu r p o s e o f p r o v i d i n g i n t e r e s t e d p a r t i e s w it h a dd it i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a n o pp o r t u n it y f o r i n f o r m a l d i s c u ss i o n o f t h e p r o p o s e d P r o j ec t

.

T h e d a t e , t im

e a n d l o ca t i o n o f t h e P u b li c I n f o r m a t i o n M ee t i n g a n d t h e P u b li c H ea r i n g a r e

a s f o ll o w s :

D a t e : S e p t e m

b e r 14

, 2011
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r oo m , 2 nd F l oo r 38350 S i e rr a H i g h w a y P a lm d a l e , C a li f

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- S p a n i s h t r a n s l a t i o n s e r v i ce s w ill b e p r o v i d e d a t b o t h t h e P u b li c I n f o r m a t i o n M ee t i n g a n d t h e P u b li c H ea r i n g

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ud i n g F e d e r a l h o li d a y s ) f

r o m 9 : 00 A M t o 4 : 00 P M

, a t t h e E P A R e g i o n 9 a dd r e ss a b o v e

. D u e t o b u il d i n g s ec u r i t y p r o ce du r e s , p l ea s e ca ll L i s a B ec k h a m a t ( 415 ) 972

- 3811 a t l ea s t 24 h o u r s i n a d v a n ce t o a rr a n g e a v i s i t

. H a r d c o p i e s o f t h e a d mi n i s t r a t i v e r ec o r d ca n b e m a il e d t o i n d i v i du a l s up o n r e qu e s t i n acc o r d a n ce w it h F r ee d o m o f I n f

o r m a t i o n A c t r e qu i

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. m

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w ill b e a v a il a b l e t o t h e pu b li c , i n c l ud i n g a n y p e r s o n a l i n f

o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d

, u n l e ss t h e

c o mm e n t i n c l ud e s C o n f

i d e n t i a l B u s i n e ss I n f

o r m a t i o n ( CB I) o r o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n w h o s e d i s c l o s u r e i s r e s t r i c t e d b y s t a t u t e

. I n f o r m a t i o n t h a t i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e CB I o r o t h e r w i s e
p r o t ec t e d s h o u l d b e c l ea r l y i d e n t i f i e d a s s u c h a n d s h o u l d n o t b e s u b mitt e d t h r o ug h e

- m a il

. I f a c o mm

e n t e r s e n d s e

- m a il d i

r ec t l y t o t h e E P A

, t h e e

- m a il a dd r e ss w ill b e a u t o m a t i ca ll y

ca p t u r e d a n d i n c l

ud e d a s p a r t o f t h e pu b li c c o mm e n t

. P l ea s e n o t e t h a t a n e

- m a il o r p o s t a lP

a l m da l e ( S E 09

- 01 )
F a c t Sh ee t/A m b i e n t Ai r Q ua lit y I m pa c t R e po r t A ugu s t 2011 73 a dd r e ss m u s t b e p r o v i d e d w i t h c o mm e n t s i f t h e c o mm

e n t e r w i s h e s t o r ece i v e d i r ec t

n o t i f i ca t i o n o f E P A ’ s f i n a l d ec i s i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e p e r mit

.

E P A w ill c o n s i d e r a ll w r i tt e n a n d o r a l c o mm e n t s s u b mi tt e d du r i n g t h e pu b li c c o mm e n t
p e r i o d b e f

o r e t a k i n g f

i n a l ac t i o n o n t h e PS D p e r mit a pp li ca t i o n a n d w ill s e n d n o t i ce o f t h e f i n a l d ec i s i o n t o eac h p e r s o n w h o s u b mi tt e d c o mm e n t s a n d c o n t ac t i n f

o r m a t i o n du r i n g t h e
pu b li c c o mm

e n t p e r i o d o r r e qu e s t e d n o t i ce o f t h e f i n a l p e r mit d ec i s i o n . E P A w ill r e s p o n d

t o a ll s u b s t a n t i v e c o mm

e n t s i n a d o c u m

e n t acc o m

p a n y i n g E P A ’ s f

i n a l p e r mit d ec i s i o n a n d

w ill m a k e t h e P u b li c H ea r i n g p r o cee d i n g s a v a il a b l e t o t h e pu b li c

.

E P A ’ s f i n a l p e r mit d ec i s i o n w ill b ec o m e e ff ec t i v e 30 d a y s a f

t e r t h e s e r v i ce o f n o t i ce o f t h e d ec i s i o n u n l e ss :

1

. A l a t e r e ff

ec t i v e d a t e i s s p ec i f

i e d i n t h e d ec i s i o n ; o r 2

. T h e d ec i s i o n i s a pp ea l e d t o E P A ’ s E nv i r o n m e n t a l A pp ea l s B o a r d pu r s u a n t t o 40 C F R
124

. 19 ; o r 3

. T h e r e a r e n o c o mm

e n t s r e qu e s t i n g a c h a n g e t o t h e p r o p o s e d p e r mi t d ec i s i o n , i n w h i c h

ca s e t h e f i n a l d ec i s i o n s h a ll b ec o m

e e ff ec t i v e imm

e d i a t e l y up o n i ss u a n ce

.


## 14

. C o n cl us i o n a nd P r o p o s e d A c t i o n

E P A i s p r o p o s i n g t o i ss u e a PS D p e r mit f o r t h e P H PP

. W e b e li e v e t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d
P r o j ec t w ill c o m

p l y w i t h PS D r e qu i

r e m e n t s , i n c l ud i n g t h e i n s t a ll a t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n o f
B A C T, a n d w ill n o t ca u s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e a pp li ca b l e N AA Q S o r

a pp li ca b l e PS D i n c r e m

e n t s

. W e h a v e m a d e t h i s d e t e r mi n a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n

s upp li e d b y t h e a pp li ca n t a n d o u r r e v i e w o f t h e a n a l y s e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h e p e r mi t

a pp li ca t i o n a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d i n o u r a d mi n i s t r a t i v e r ec o r d . E P A

w ill m a k e t h i s p r o p o s e d p e r mit a n d t h i s F ac t S h ee t / AA Q I R a v a il a b l e t o t h e pu b li c f o r

r e v i e w , a n d m a k e a f

i n a l d ec i s i o n a f

t e r c o n s i d e r i n g a n y pu b li c c o mm e n t s o n o u r p r o p o s a l

.