IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 

DALLAS DIVISION 

COURTNEY DAVON ADKINS, § 

TDCJ No. 2075216, § 

 § 

Petitioner, § 

 § 

V. § No. 3:22-cv-1063-M-BN 

§ 

DIRECTOR, TDCJ-CID, § 

§ 

Respondent. § 

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE 

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 

Petitioner Courtney Davon Adkins, a Texas prisoner, obtained convictions in 

Dallas County for burglary of a building, aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon, 

and robbery. See State v. Adkins, Nos. F14-16187-J, F15-76857-J, F16-70189-J F16-

75194-J, F16-75301-CR (Crim. Dist. Ct. No. 3, Dall. Cnty., Tex. June 19, 2016), aff’d, 

Nos. 05-16-00695-CR, 05-16-00696-CR, 05-16-00697-CR, 05-16-00698-CR, 05-16-

00699-CR, 2017 WL 2774450 (Tex. App. – Dallas June 27, 2017, no pet.). 

Referencing those convictions, Adkins now moves for habeas relief under 28 

U.S.C. § 2241. See Dkt. No. 3. Adkins does not collaterally attack the legality of his 

custody – he instead seeks relief based on his custodial conditions. See, e.g., id. at 7 

(challenging the Texas Department of Criminal Justice’s policy changes in response 

to the COVID-19 pandemic: “TDCJ shut down all operations and suspended the laws 

of TDCJ during Corona. I ... was confined to a cell for excessive amount of years 

without proper meals, recreation, showers, access to telephone, clean laundry, 

commissary, and limited access to an infirmary.” (cleaned up)). 

Case 3:22-cv-01063-M-BN Document 5 Filed 05/18/22 Page 1 of 4 PageID 16
- 2 - 

Chief Judge Barbara M. G. Lynn referred Adkins’s habeas petition to the 

undersigned United States magistrate judge for pretrial management under 28 

U.S.C. § 636(b) and a standing order of reference. 

While Adkins, in TDCJ custody pursuant to state criminal judgments, filed his 

petition under Section 2241, 28 U.S.C. § 2254 “is reserved for habeas petitions on 

‘behalf of a person in custody pursuant to a judgment of a State court.’” Hallman v. 

Waybourn, No. 4:20-cv-686-O, 2021 WL 1105330, at *1 (N.D. Tex. Feb. 10, 2021) 

(quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a)). And, “[i]rrespective of the label a petitioner uses, a 

court must consider a filed habeas petition under the proper statutory framework.” 

Id. (citing Felker v. Turpin, 518 U.S. 651, 662-65 (1996); Walker v. O’Brien, 216 F.3d 

626, 633 (7th Cir. 2020); Solsona v. Warden, F.C.I., 821 F.2d 1129, 1132 n.1 (5th Cir. 

1987)). The Court should therefore consider Adkins’s habeas petition under Section 

2254. 

A district court may summarily dismiss a Section 2254 habeas application “if 

it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any exhibits annexed to it that the 

petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court.” RULE 4, RULES GOVERNING 

SECTION 2254 CASES (Habeas Rule 4); see also Romero v. Cole, No. 1:16-cv-148, 2016 

WL 2893709, at *2 & n.4 (W.D. La. Apr. 13, 2016) (observing that Habeas Rule 4 “also 

appl[ies] to § 2241 habeas cases” (collecting authority, including Castillo v. Pratt, 162 

F. Supp. 2d 575, 576 (N.D. Tex. 2001)), rec. accepted, 2016 WL 2844013 (W.D. La. 

May 12, 2016). 

This rule differentiates habeas cases from other civil cases with 

respect to sua sponte consideration of affirmative defenses. The district 

Case 3:22-cv-01063-M-BN Document 5 Filed 05/18/22 Page 2 of 4 PageID 17
- 3 - 

court has the power under [Habeas] Rule 4 to examine and dismiss 

frivolous habeas petitions prior to any answer or other pleading by the 

state. This power is rooted in “the duty of the court to screen out 

frivolous applications and eliminate the burden that would be placed on 

the respondent by ordering an unnecessary answer.” 

Kiser v. Johnson, 163 F.3d 326, 328 (5th Cir. 1999) (quoting 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254 

Rule 4 Advisory Committee Notes). 

Here, the Court may exercise its power to summarily dismiss the Section 2254 

application under Habeas Rule 4. Insofar as Butler raises as a basis for his release 

claims concerning the conditions of his confinement – such as restrictions TDCJ 

imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic – it is settled that habeas “does not, 

in this circuit, afford release for prisoners held in state custody due to adverse 

conditions of confinement.” Rice v. Gonzalez, 985 F.3d 1069, 1070 (5th Cir. 2021); see 

also id. (“As we noted in Carson v. Johnson, ‘[i]f “a favorable determination ... would 

not automatically entitle [the prisoner] to accelerated release,” ... the proper vehicle 

is a § 1983 suit.’” (quoting Carson v. Johnson, 112 F.3d 818, 820-21 (5th Cir. 1997) 

(quoting, in turn, Orellana v. Kyle, 65 F.3d 29, 31 (5th Cir. 1995) (per curiam)))). 

Recommendation

The Court should dismiss the habeas petition with prejudice. 

A copy of these findings, conclusions, and recommendation shall be served on 

all parties in the manner provided by law. Any party who objects to any part of these 

findings, conclusions, and recommendation must file specific written objections 

within 14 days after being served with a copy. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); FED. R. CIV.

P. 72(b). In order to be specific, an objection must identify the specific finding or 

recommendation to which objection is made, state the basis for the objection, and 

Case 3:22-cv-01063-M-BN Document 5 Filed 05/18/22 Page 3 of 4 PageID 18
- 4 - 

specify the place in the magistrate judge’s findings, conclusions, and recommendation 

where the disputed determination is found. An objection that merely incorporates by 

reference or refers to the briefing before the magistrate judge is not specific. Failure 

to file specific written objections will bar the aggrieved party from appealing the 

factual findings and legal conclusions of the magistrate judge that are accepted or 

adopted by the district court, except upon grounds of plain error. See Douglass v. 

United Servs. Auto. Ass’n, 79 F.3d 1415, 1417 (5th Cir. 1996). 

DATED: May 18, 2022 

 _________________________________________ 

 DAVID L. HORAN 

 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 

Case 3:22-cv-01063-M-BN Document 5 Filed 05/18/22 Page 4 of 4 PageID 19