# Official Journal C 124/2018

| | ISSN 1977-091X |
| --- | --- |
| Official Journal
  of the European Union | C 124 |
| | |
| English edition | Information and Notices | Volume 619 April 2018 |

ISSN 1977-091X

Official Journal

of the European Union

C 124

English edition

Information and Notices

Volume 619 April 2018

---

| Notice No | Contents | page |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | IV   Notices |
| | NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES |
| | European Commission |
| 2018/C 124/01 | Commission notice on technical guidance on the classification of waste | 1 |

Notice No

Contents

page

IV   Notices

NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES

European Commission

2018/C 124/01

Commission notice on technical guidance on the classification of waste

1

---

| EN | |
| --- | --- |

EN

---

IV Notices

NOTICES FROM EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS, BODIES, OFFICES AND AGENCIES

European Commission

| 9.4.2018 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | C 124/1 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

9.4.2018

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 124/1

---

Commission notice on technical guidance on the classification of waste

(2018/C 124/01)

The purpose of this Notice is to give technical guidance on certain aspects of Directive 2008/98/EC on waste (‘Waste Framework Directive’ or ‘WFD’) (1) and Commission Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste (‘List of Waste’ or ‘LoW’), as revised in 2014 and 2017 (2).

In particular, it provides clarifications and guidance to national authorities, including local authorities, and businesses (e.g. for permitting issues) on the correct interpretation and application of the relevant EU legislation regarding the classification of waste, namely identification of hazardous properties, assessing if the waste has a hazardous property and, ultimately, classifying the waste as hazardous or non-hazardous.

The Notice has been adopted following discussions and consultations with Member States and stakeholders (3).

The Notice is structured in three chapters and four annexes:

| — | Chapter 1 provides an overall background to waste classification and instructions on how to read the guidance. |
| --- | --- |

—

Chapter 1 provides an overall background to waste classification and instructions on how to read the guidance.

| — | In Chapter 2, the relevant parts of EU waste legislation are briefly presented and their relevance for the definition and classification of (hazardous) waste is given. |
| --- | --- |

—

In Chapter 2, the relevant parts of EU waste legislation are briefly presented and their relevance for the definition and classification of (hazardous) waste is given.

| — | Chapter 3 presents the general steps of waste classification highlighting the basic concepts but without entering into detailed discussions. |
| --- | --- |

—

Chapter 3 presents the general steps of waste classification highlighting the basic concepts but without entering into detailed discussions.

For detailed information reference is made to the respective annexes, where the specific aspects are described extensively:

| — | Annex 1 provides information on the List of Waste and on the selection of appropriate List of Waste entries. |
| --- | --- |

—

Annex 1 provides information on the List of Waste and on the selection of appropriate List of Waste entries.

| — | Annex 2 presents the different sources of information on hazardous substances and their classification. |
| --- | --- |

—

Annex 2 presents the different sources of information on hazardous substances and their classification.

| — | Annex 3 describes the principles for the assessment of the individual hazardous properties HP1 to HP 15. |
| --- | --- |

—

Annex 3 describes the principles for the assessment of the individual hazardous properties HP1 to HP 15.

| — | Annex 4 reviews basic concepts and refers to the available standards and methods regarding waste sampling and chemical analyses of waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

Annex 4 reviews basic concepts and refers to the available standards and methods regarding waste sampling and chemical analyses of waste.

The present document provides clarifications in accordance with the existing EU legislation and taking into account guidelines on waste classification from various EU Member States.

This technical guidance may be updated as necessary in light of the experience with the implementation of the EU relevant legislation.

The guidance provided in this Notice is without prejudice to the interpretation which may be given by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The views expressed in this technical guidance cannot prejudge the position that the Commission might take before the CJEU.

ABBREVIATIONS

| ATP | Adaption to Technical Progress |
| --- | --- |
| BDE | Brominated diphenyl ethers |
| BREF | Best Available Techniques Reference Document |
| BTEX | Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene |
| CEN | European Committee for Standardization |
| C&L | Classification & Labelling |
| CLP | Classification, Labelling and Packaging |
| CLRTAP | Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |
| ECHA | European Chemicals Agency |
| EEA | European Environmental Agency |
| ELV | End-of life vehicles |
| GHS | Globally Harmonised System |
| ODS | Ozone depleting substances |
| PAH | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| POP | Persistent Organic Pollutant |
| SDS | Safety Data Sheet |
| UN | United Nations |
| WAC | Waste Acceptance Criteria |
| WEEE | Waste electrical and electronic equipment |

ATP

Adaption to Technical Progress

BDE

Brominated diphenyl ethers

BREF

Best Available Techniques Reference Document

BTEX

Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene

CEN

European Committee for Standardization

C&L

Classification & Labelling

CLP

Classification, Labelling and Packaging

CLRTAP

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

ECHA

European Chemicals Agency

EEA

European Environmental Agency

ELV

End-of life vehicles

GHS

Globally Harmonised System

ODS

Ozone depleting substances

PAH

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

POP

Persistent Organic Pollutant

SDS

Safety Data Sheet

UN

United Nations

WAC

Waste Acceptance Criteria

WEEE

Waste electrical and electronic equipment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

| ABBREVIATIONS | 3 |
| --- | --- |

| 1. | INTRODUCTION | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.

| 1.1. | Background | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.1.

| 1.2. | To whom is the guidance addressed? | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.2.

| 1.3. | How to read the guidance? | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.3.

| 2. | LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK | 6 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.

| 2.1. | Waste Legislation | 6 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.

| 2.1.1. | Waste Framework Directive (WFD) | 6 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.1.

| 2.1.2. | European List of Waste (LoW) | 7 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.2.

| 2.1.3. | Waste Shipment Regulation (WSR) | 8 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.3.

| 2.1.4. | Landfill Directive | 8 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.4.

| 2.1.5. | Directive on waste from the extractive industries (Extractive Waste Directive) | 9 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.5.

| 2.1.6. | REACH Regulation | 9 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.6.

| 2.1.7. | Classification Labelling Packaging (CLP) Regulation | 10 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.7.

| 2.1.8. | Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) Regulation | 10 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.8.

| 2.1.9. | Seveso III Directive | 11 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.9.

| 3. | PROCEDURES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE | 12 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.

| 3.1. | General approach to the classification of waste | 12 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.1.

| 3.1.1. | Step 1: Is the WFD applicable? | 13 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.1.1.

| 3.1.2. | Step 2: Which entry of the List of Waste is applicable? | 14 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.1.2.

| 3.2. | Assignment of MH or MNH entry | 15 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.

| 3.2.1. | Step 3: Is sufficient knowledge on the composition of the waste available to determine if it displays hazardous properties either by calculating or testing in line with Step 4? | 16 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.1.

| 3.2.2. | Step 4: Does the waste display any of the hazardous properties HP1 to HP15? | 17 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.2.

| 3.2.3. | Step 5: Is it likely or known that the waste contains any of the POPs indicated in in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3)? | 18 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.3.

ANNEXES:

| ANNEX 1: Annotated List of Waste | 21 |
| --- | --- |

| ANNEX 2: Data sources and information basis on hazardous substances | 83 |
| --- | --- |

| ANNEX 3: Specific approaches to determine hazard properties (HP1 to HP15) | 87 |
| --- | --- |

| ANNEX 4: Sampling and chemical analysis of waste | 124 |
| --- | --- |

| ANNEX 5: Sources and external references | 134 |
| --- | --- |

1.   INTRODUCTION

1.1.   Background

The classification of waste as hazardous or non-hazardous, and, in particular, understanding when and under what circumstances waste is to be considered hazardous is a crucial decision in the entire chain of waste management from generation to final treatment. When a waste is correctly classified as hazardous, a number of important obligations are triggered, for instance on labelling and packaging, but also in terms of the available compliant treatment.

The EU has learned lessons from the application of waste legislation and has taken the scientific and economic progress into account when the framework for classification of waste and the list of properties that render waste hazardous was reviewed in 2014 and in 2017. This update of legislation, which also takes into consideration the fundamental changes in EU chemicals legislation during the past years, again sets out challenges for authorities and industry.

As also underlined in the Commission Communication on options to address the interface between chemical, product and waste legislation (COM(2018) 32 final), the way rules on classification of waste are implemented and enforced has important consequences on future waste management choices, such as feasibility and economic viability of collection, recycling method or the choice between recycling and disposal. Such discrepancies may have an impact upon the uptake of secondary raw materials. This guidance document on waste classification is a first tool suggested in the Communication to assist waste operators and competent authorities to have a common approach to waste characterisation and classification, thus minimising such discrepancies and impacts.

1.2.   To whom is the guidance addressed?

This document provides guidance to national authorities, including local authorities, and businesses (e.g. for permitting issues) on the correct interpretation and application of the relevant EU legislation regarding the classification of waste, in particular the Waste Framework Directive (4) and the List of Waste (5).

1.3.   How to read the guidance?

The overall background and the specific legislative framework are presented in chapters 1 and 2.

Chapter 3 guides through the basic steps of the classification process. It does not contain specific information on how to perform the necessary steps for classification but rather mentions a general overview. For certain steps, reference is made to the corresponding Annex, where more detailed information can be found.

Image

2.   LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1.   Waste Legislation

2.1.1.   Waste Framework Directive (WFD)

| The WFD sets out what waste is and how it should be managed.


  A hazardous waste is defined as a waste that displays one or more of the fifteen hazardous properties listed in Annex III to the WFD. Article 7 of the WFD sets the basis for the LoW. |
| --- |

The WFD sets out what waste is and how it should be managed.

A hazardous waste is defined as a waste that displays one or more of the fifteen hazardous properties listed in Annex III to the WFD. Article 7 of the WFD sets the basis for the LoW.

| Box 1: | The Waste Framework Directive |
| --- | --- |

Box 1:

The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC (hereinafter WFD) is the key legislative document on waste at the EU level. Being a Directive, the WFD is transposed into the national legislation of the MS by means of separate legal acts.

The scope of the Directive is determined by the definition of ‘waste’ in Article 3(1) WFD as:.

‘any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard’.

In many cases the decision as to whether a substance or an object is ‘waste’ in accordance with the WFD is easy to determine. However, in some other cases it is more difficult. Extensive guidance on the definition of ‘waste’, including information on the exclusions from the scope of WFD, and examples from the binding jurisprudence of the CJEU, can be found in the Guidance on the interpretation of key provisions of Directive 2008/98/EC
   (6) (hereafter ‘the WFD Guidance’). If a substance or object fulfils the criteria for being waste, it is subject to waste legislation including rules on waste classification (unless it is specifically excluded from the scope of WFD).

Guidance on the interpretation of key provisions of Directive 2008/98/EC

6

The WFD defines ‘hazardous waste’ in its Article 3(2) as:

‘waste which displays one or more of the hazardous properties listed in Annex III’.

Deciding whether a substance or object can be considered ‘waste’ in the sense of the WFD is an important decision, and just as equally important, is the decision as to whether it should be classified as ‘non-hazardous waste’ or ‘hazardous waste’.

Strict conditions apply to the managing of hazardous waste, in particular:

| — | the obligation to provide evidence for the tracking of the waste according to the system put by the relevant Member State (Article 17 WFD); |
| --- | --- |

—

the obligation to provide evidence for the tracking of the waste according to the system put by the relevant Member State (Article 17 WFD);

| — | a mixing ban (Article 18 WFD, see for details the WFD Guidance). |
| --- | --- |

—

a mixing ban (Article 18 WFD, see for details the WFD Guidance).

| — | specific labelling and packaging obligations (Article 19 WFD). |
| --- | --- |

—

specific labelling and packaging obligations (Article 19 WFD).

The EU legislation further determines that hazardous waste must only be treated in specially designated treatment facilities that have obtained a special permit as required under Articles 23 to 25 of the Waste Framework Directive, but also under other legislation such as the Landfill (7) and Industrial Emissions (8) Directives.

7

8

The properties of waste which render it hazardous, laid down in Annex III to the WFD have been recently adapted to scientific progress through Commission Regulation (EU) 1357/2014 (9), applicable as of 1 June 2015, and Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 (10), applicable as of 5 July 2018. EU regulations are directly applicable in the Member States without transposition to national legislation. The hazardous properties are discussed in detail in Annex 3 of this document.

9

10

In the context of waste classification, Article 7 WFD sets the basis for the List of Waste (see below) and its application. Member States may introduce additional entries in the national documents reflecting the LoW.

| Article 7 of the WFD

  Article 7(2) and (3) WFD set out provisions for the case that a Member considers a waste as hazardous which is listed in the LoW as non-hazardous, and vice versa. The two paras read as follows:

  ‘2.   A Member State may consider waste as hazardous waste where, even though it does not appear as such on the list of waste, if it displays one or more of the properties listed in Annex III. The Member State shall notify the Commission of any such cases without delay. It shall record them in the report provided for in Article 37(1) and shall provide the Commission with all relevant information. In the light of notifications received, the list shall be reviewed in order to decide on its adaptation.

  3.   Where a Member State has evidence to show that specific waste that appears on the list as hazardous waste does not display any of the properties listed in Annex III, it may consider that waste as non-hazardous waste. The Member State shall notify the Commission of any such cases without delay and shall provide the Commission with the necessary evidence. In the light of notifications received, the list shall be reviewed in order to decide on its adaptation.’

  Article 7(2) and (3) do not prescribe the competent authority or the relevant procedure for such decisions; this is a question left to the internal legal and administrative organisation of each Member State (however, economic operators or other private entities are not considered ‘the Member States’ and are not entitled to take a decision pursuant to Article 7(2) and 7(3) WFD). |
| --- |

Article 7 of the WFD

Article 7 of the WFD

Article 7(2) and (3) WFD set out provisions for the case that a Member considers a waste as hazardous which is listed in the LoW as non-hazardous, and vice versa. The two paras read as follows:

‘2.   A Member State may consider waste as hazardous waste where, even though it does not appear as such on the list of waste, if it displays one or more of the properties listed in Annex III. The Member State shall notify the Commission of any such cases without delay. It shall record them in the report provided for in Article 37(1) and shall provide the Commission with all relevant information. In the light of notifications received, the list shall be reviewed in order to decide on its adaptation.

3.   Where a Member State has evidence to show that specific waste that appears on the list as hazardous waste does not display any of the properties listed in Annex III, it may consider that waste as non-hazardous waste. The Member State shall notify the Commission of any such cases without delay and shall provide the Commission with the necessary evidence. In the light of notifications received, the list shall be reviewed in order to decide on its adaptation.’

Article 7(2) and (3) do not prescribe the competent authority or the relevant procedure for such decisions; this is a question left to the internal legal and administrative organisation of each Member State (however, economic operators or other private entities are not considered ‘the Member States’ and are not entitled to take a decision pursuant to Article 7(2) and 7(3) WFD).

| Box 2: | Article 7 of the WFD |
| --- | --- |

Box 2:

Box 2:

Article 7 of the WFD

2.1.2.   European List of Waste (LoW)

European List of Waste (LoW)

| The LoW provides further provisions for the assessment of hazardous properties and the classification of waste.
  It provides the list of wastes, categorised into chapters, sub-chapters and entries. The entries in the LoW can be categorised into ‘absolute hazardous entries’, ‘absolute non-hazardous entries’ and ‘mirror entries’. |
| --- |

The LoW provides further provisions for the assessment of hazardous properties and the classification of waste.

It provides the list of wastes, categorised into chapters, sub-chapters and entries. The entries in the LoW can be categorised into ‘absolute hazardous entries’, ‘absolute non-hazardous entries’ and ‘mirror entries’.

| Box 3: | The European List of Waste |
| --- | --- |

Box 3:

Box 3:

The European List of Waste

Commission Decision 2000/532/EC (11) establishes the European List of Waste (LoW). The LoW is the key document for classification of waste. A consolidated version of the LoW has existed since 2000 and has been revised by Commission Decision 2014/955/EU (12), in order to adapt the LoW to scientific progress and align it with developments in chemicals legislation. As EU Decision, the LoW is binding in its entirety and addressed to the Member States and does not require transposition. Some Member States published guidance documents reflecting the LoW to help businesses and authorities implementing the LoW within the Member State, especially in cases when Member States make use of Article 7 (2) or (3), see Box 2 above.

11

12

Classification according to the LoW firstly means that each waste is to be classified by a six digit number (see in detail Annex 1).

Full and compliant classification enables businesses and competent authorities for a decision in terms of the question whether the waste is hazardous or not (see in detail 2.3.1). In this respect, the LoW recognises three types of entries:

| — | ‘Absolute hazardous entries’: Wastes which are assigned to absolute hazardous entries cannot be allocated to non-hazardous entries and are hazardous without any further assessment; |
| --- | --- |

—

‘Absolute hazardous entries’: Wastes which are assigned to absolute hazardous entries cannot be allocated to non-hazardous entries and are hazardous without any further assessment;

| — | ‘Absolute non-hazardous entries’: Wastes which are assigned to absolute non-hazardous entries cannot be allocated to hazardous entries and are non-hazardous without any further assessment; |
| --- | --- |

—

‘Absolute non-hazardous entries’: Wastes which are assigned to absolute non-hazardous entries cannot be allocated to hazardous entries and are non-hazardous without any further assessment;

| — | ‘Mirror entries’, where waste from the same source might under the LoW be allocated to a hazardous entry or to a non-hazardous entry depending on the specific case and on the composition of the waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

‘Mirror entries’, where waste from the same source might under the LoW be allocated to a hazardous entry or to a non-hazardous entry depending on the specific case and on the composition of the waste.

2.1.3.   Waste Shipment Regulation (WSR)

Waste Shipment Regulation (WSR)

| The WSR implements into EU law the provisions of the Basel Convention and OECD Decision C(2001)107/Final.
  Shipments procedures depend on the type of waste, its destination and its treatment operation. |
| --- |

The WSR implements into EU law the provisions of the Basel Convention and OECD Decision C(2001)107/Final.

Shipments procedures depend on the type of waste, its destination and its treatment operation.

| Box 4: | The Waste Shipment Regulation |
| --- | --- |

Box 4:

Box 4:

The Waste Shipment Regulation

Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on shipment of waste (‘Waste Shipment Regulation’ or ‘WSR’) (13) implements into EU law the provisions of the Basel Convention and OECD Decision C(2001)107/Final. The WSR, which is directly applicable in all Member States, establishes the procedures, conditions and requirements to be fulfilled in the course of transboundary shipments of waste, including shipments between Member States. According to Articles 34 and 36 of the WSR, the export of waste for a disposal operation outside the EU/EFTA area is prohibited, as well as the export of hazardous wastes from the EU to any non-OECD Decision country.

13

There are two control procedures for the shipment of waste, namely:

| — | the general information requirements of Article 18 which is normally applicable to shipments for recovery of wastes listed in Annex III (‘green’ listed wastes) or IIIA, and |
| --- | --- |

—

the general information requirements of Article 18 which is normally applicable to shipments for recovery of wastes listed in Annex III (‘green’ listed wastes) or IIIA, and

general information requirements

recovery

| — | the procedure of prior written notification and consent for any other type of shipment of wastes. |
| --- | --- |

—

the procedure of prior written notification and consent for any other type of shipment of wastes.

prior written notification and consent

In the context of identification of waste for the purpose of correct procedure and documentation, the classification according to the lists contained in Annex III-IV of the WSR (the incorporated lists of international agreements) applies. These lists provide for a classification approach different to the one of the LoW.

However, classification according to WFD and LoW is also relevant in the context of the WSR, for instance as a criterion whether the waste may be exported for certain non-EU non-OECD countries (Article 36(1) WSR). The classification of waste in accordance with the entries listed in Annexes III-IV (i.e. Basel Convention and OECD codes) as well as the entries of the LoW (Part 2 of Annex V WSR) is to be indicated on the notification and movement document used in the framework of the notification procedure and in accordance with the instructions under point 25 of Annex IC. Likewise, the identification of waste is to be made on the Annex VII document in the case of shipments subject to the general information requirements of Article 18.

Regarding the case of shipments of waste subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent, the codes to be used for the hazardous characteristics (H codes) and treatment operations (D and R codes) on the notification and movement documents (Annexes IA and IB) are those set out in Annexes III and IV to the Basel Convention, respectively.

2.1.4.   Landfill Directive

Landfill Directive

| The Landfill Directive contains rules on the management, permit conditions, closure, and after-care of landfills. The Council Decision 2003/33/EC specifies acceptance criteria for waste for the different classes of landfills as recognised by the Landfill Directive.
  Analyses made in the frame of WAC usually cannot be used for the classification of waste according the LoW. |
| --- |

The Landfill Directive contains rules on the management, permit conditions, closure, and after-care of landfills. The Council Decision 2003/33/EC specifies acceptance criteria for waste for the different classes of landfills as recognised by the Landfill Directive.

Analyses made in the frame of WAC usually cannot be used for the classification of waste according the LoW.

| Box 5: | The Landfill Directive |
| --- | --- |

Box 5:

Box 5:

The Landfill Directive

Directive 1999/31/EC on landfill of waste (‘Landfill Directive’) (14) contains rules on the management, permit conditions, closure, and after-care of landfills. Council Decision 2003/33/EC, specifies waste acceptance criteria (‘WAC’) for acceptance of waste in the different classes of landfills as recognised by the Landfill Directive.

14

The classification of waste as hazardous according to LoW and Annex III to the WFD is important also for the purposes of the Landfill Directive since hazardous waste should as a general rule be disposed of at landfills for hazardous waste, and non-hazardous waste should be disposed of at landfills for non-hazardous waste or inert waste. Stable, non-reactive hazardous wastes may be disposed of at landfills for non-hazardous wastes if the conditions set out in Annex II of the Landfill Directive and the WAC are fulfilled. Appendix B to the Council Decision 2003/33/EC clearly states the role of ‘basic characterisation’ and the resulting conclusions on hazardousness, on the landfill admission of waste and illustrates this approach in its Figure 1.

However, classification of waste as hazardous or not, according to the principles of the WFD and pursuant to the LoW must not be confused with the assessment of waste in order to determine compliance with the criteria for acceptance of waste as set out by Annex II to the Landfill Directive and as laid down in Council Decision 2003/33/EC (WAC Decision).

2.1.5.   Directive on waste from the extractive industries (Extractive Waste Directive)

Directive on waste from the extractive industries (Extractive Waste Directive)

| The Extractive Waste Directive sets up the framework for proper management of wastes resulting from extractive industries.
  Although it is excluded from the scope of the WFD, the hazardousness of wastes from the extractive industries should be classified in line with the LoW. |
| --- |

The Extractive Waste Directive sets up the framework for proper management of wastes resulting from extractive industries.

Although it is excluded from the scope of the WFD, the hazardousness of wastes from the extractive industries should be classified in line with the LoW.

| Box 6: | The Extractive Waste Directive |
| --- | --- |

Box 6:

Box 6:

The Extractive Waste Directive

Directive 2006/21/EC on the management of waste from extractive industries (‘Extractive Waste Directive’) (15) aims at ensuring that waste from the extractive industries is managed in a way which prevents or reduce as far as possible any adverse effects on the environment and any resultant risks to human health. Although waste from extractive industries where covered by the Extractive Waste Directive is explicitly excluded from the scope of the WFD (Article 2(2) (d) WFD), classification according to LoW nevertheless is relevant: operators are under the Extractive Waste Directive to prepare a waste management plan, establishing the necessary measures to properly manage relevant waste. In accordance with the waste management plan the hazardousness of the waste from the extractive industries should be classified in line with criteria of the LoW.

15

2.1.6.   REACH Regulation

REACH Regulation

| The REACH regulation lays down the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals in the EU.
  Waste is not a substance, article or mixture within the meaning of REACH. Nevertheless, information generated in the framework of REACH may be relevant for waste classification. |
| --- |

The REACH regulation lays down the registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals in the EU.

Waste is not a substance, article or mixture within the meaning of REACH. Nevertheless, information generated in the framework of REACH may be relevant for waste classification.

| Box 7: | The REACH Regulation |
| --- | --- |

Box 7:

Box 7:

The REACH Regulation

Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (‘REACH’) (16) entered into force in 2007. REACH is the general chemicals law at EU level, applying to substances (as such, in mixtures or in articles). The purpose of REACH is to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment, including the promotion of alternative methods for assessment of hazards of substances, as well as the free circulation of substances on the internal market while enhancing competitiveness and innovation. REACH defines and operates a number of processes with the overarching aim of ensuring the safe use of chemicals:

16

| — | registration of substances (requires the submission of information on the properties and uses of substances, subject to certain conditions, to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA); |
| --- | --- |

—

registration of substances (requires the submission of information on the properties and uses of substances, subject to certain conditions, to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA);

| — | improved communication in the supply chain by means of extended Safety Data Sheets (eSDS); |
| --- | --- |

—

improved communication in the supply chain by means of extended Safety Data Sheets (eSDS);

| — | evaluation of substances by public authorities with the aim of providing certainty as regards the proper functioning of the registration process and to further clarify concern regarding certain substances; |
| --- | --- |

—

evaluation of substances by public authorities with the aim of providing certainty as regards the proper functioning of the registration process and to further clarify concern regarding certain substances;

| — | restriction of use of substances for which an unacceptable risk has been determined; |
| --- | --- |

—

restriction of use of substances for which an unacceptable risk has been determined;

| — | authorisation — applicable to certain substances of very high concern (SVHC) which can only be placed on the market and used subject to the granting of a specific and time-limited authorisation, subject to certain conditions. |
| --- | --- |

—

authorisation — applicable to certain substances of very high concern (SVHC) which can only be placed on the market and used subject to the granting of a specific and time-limited authorisation, subject to certain conditions.

It is important to note that according Article 2(2) of the REACH Regulation waste (as defined by the WFD) is not considered a substance or a mixture or an article under REACH; no direct obligations apply under REACH for producers or holders of waste (although the waste stage has to be considered in the chemical safety report to be presented as part of the registration dossier for substances manufactured or imported in the EU in quantities above 10 t/y).

However, information about chemical substances generated and communicated in the framework of REACH, particularly hazard information, and its subsequent use in classification according to CLP, is essential (see Annex 2) for the classification of waste.

Note that test methods to be used for the purpose of REACH Regulation are indicated in Regulation (EC) 440/2008 (‘Test Methods Regulation’). Some test methods laid down in this regulation, or adaptations thereof, may be applied in the framework of waste classification.

2.1.7.   Classification Labelling Packaging (CLP) Regulation

Classification Labelling Packaging (CLP) Regulation

| The CLP Regulation sets out criteria for the hazard classification of substances and mixtures.


  Waste is not considered as a substance, mixture or article under CLP. However, the hazardous properties applicable for waste are related to CLP criteria. Further, classification of substances under CLP may also be relevant for waste classification. |
| --- |

The CLP Regulation sets out criteria for the hazard classification of substances and mixtures.

The CLP Regulation sets out criteria for the hazard classification of substances and mixtures.

Waste is not considered as a substance, mixture or article under CLP. However, the hazardous properties applicable for waste are related to CLP criteria. Further, classification of substances under CLP may also be relevant for waste classification.

Waste is not considered as a substance, mixture or article under CLP. However, the hazardous properties applicable for waste are related to CLP criteria. Further, classification of substances under CLP may also be relevant for waste classification.

| Box 8: | The CLP Regulation |
| --- | --- |

Box 8:

Box 8:

The CLP Regulation

Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (‘CLP Regulation’) (17) adapts for the EU the UN international chemicals classification system (Globally Harmonised System — GHS). In this context, it sets out detailed criteria for assessing substances and determining their hazard classification.

17

Similarly to REACH, Article 1(3) of the CLP Regulation lays down that waste is not considered a substance, mixture or article; consequently, obligations under CLP do not apply for producers or holders of waste.

Although Annex III to the WFD is based on the CLP Regulation, it does not contain a full ‘one to one’ transposition of the criteria as laid down in CLP. Instead, in terms of the classification of waste, it should be noted that some of the HP criteria of Annex III to the WFD directly make reference to CLP hazard classes and categories and to hazard statements and associated criteria for classification. Many mirror entries specifically refer to ‘hazardous substances’. The classification of substances is done according CLP whereas the presence of hazardous substances contained in waste has to be evaluated in line with Annex III to the WFD (see in detail 2.3.2 and Annex 3). Further, Table 3.1 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation provides a set of official harmonised classifications of substances. Where such harmonised classification is available, it has to be used in the classification of waste (see for this particular aspect Annex 2, Section 2.1.1).

2.1.8.   Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) Regulation

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) Regulation

| The POP regulation aims to protect environment and human health from persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
  Waste containing certain POPs as indicated in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3) above the relevant threshold of the POP regulation have to be classified as hazardous. |
| --- |

The POP regulation aims to protect environment and human health from persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

Waste containing certain POPs as indicated in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3) above the relevant threshold of the POP regulation have to be classified as hazardous.

| Box 9: | The POP Regulation |
| --- | --- |

Box 9:

Box 9:

The POP Regulation

Regulation (EC) 850/2004 on persistent organic pollutants (POP Regulation) (18) has amongst its aims that of protecting the environment and human health from certain specified substances that are transported across international boundaries far from their sources, persist in the environment, and can bioaccumulate in living organisms, by implementing relevant international agreements. The Regulation's scope is restricted to the substances listed in the Annexes of the Regulation.

18

Following Article 7 of the POP Regulation, wastes consisting of POPs, containing or contaminated with them above specific limit values (concentration limit referred to in Article 7(4)(a) — the so called ‘low POP-content limit value’) (19), must be disposed of or recovered, without undue delay and in accordance with the provisions laid down in the POP Regulation in such a way as to ensure that the persistent organic pollutant content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed so that the remaining waste and releases do not exhibit the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants. Disposal or recovery operations that may lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation or re-use of the POPs are prohibited.

19

The classification of mirror entries, as amended by Commission Decision 2014/955/EU, must take into consideration the existence of certain POPs. Waste containing certain POPs (as indicated in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3) (20)), above the relevant thresholds of POPs Regulation, are considered hazardous without further consideration (see example in Annex 1, Section 1.4.10).

20

Note that:

| — | The presence of POPs listed in the Annexes of the POP Regulation other than those specifically mentioned in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3), even in concentrations exceeding the limit values established in Annex IV to the POP Regulation, does not automatically lead to a classification of a waste as hazardous. Classification would depend on the hazard classification of the substance and has to be assessed applying the general rules of Annex III to the WFD applicable to HP1 to HP15; |
| --- | --- |

—

The presence of POPs listed in the Annexes of the POP Regulation other than those specifically mentioned in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3), even in concentrations exceeding the limit values established in Annex IV to the POP Regulation, does not automatically lead to a classification of a waste as hazardous. Classification would depend on the hazard classification of the substance and has to be assessed applying the general rules of Annex III to the WFD applicable to HP1 to HP15;

| — | This impact on classification is irrespective and independent from all obligations set out for the producers and holders of POPs waste according to POP Regulation. |
| --- | --- |

—

This impact on classification is irrespective and independent from all obligations set out for the producers and holders of POPs waste according to POP Regulation.

2.1.9.   Seveso III Directive

Seveso III Directive

| The Seveso III Directive aims to prevent major accidents involving dangerous substances and a limitation of their consequences for the environment and human health.


  It also applies to waste. Operators handling dangerous substances present in waste above certain thresholds must classify waste on the basis of its properties as a mixture. Relevant sources of information may include classification according to EU waste legislation. |
| --- |

The Seveso III Directive aims to prevent major accidents involving dangerous substances and a limitation of their consequences for the environment and human health.

The Seveso III Directive aims to prevent major accidents involving dangerous substances and a limitation of their consequences for the environment and human health.

It also applies to waste. Operators handling dangerous substances present in waste above certain thresholds must classify waste on the basis of its properties as a mixture. Relevant sources of information may include classification according to EU waste legislation.

It also applies to waste. Operators handling dangerous substances present in waste above certain thresholds must classify waste on the basis of its properties as a mixture. Relevant sources of information may include classification according to EU waste legislation.

| Box 10: | The Seveso III Directive |
| --- | --- |

Box 10:

Box 10:

The Seveso III Directive

Directive 2012/18/EU on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (‘Seveso III Directive’) (21) has as main objective the prevention of major accidents which involve dangerous substances, and the limitation of their consequences for human health and the environment, with the goal of ensuring a high level of protection throughout the Union in a consistent and effective manner.

21

Operators handling dangerous substances above certain thresholds are obliged to take all necessary measures to prevent major accidents and to limit their consequences. The requirements include providing information to the public likely to be affected by an accident, providing safety reports, establishing a safety management system and an internal emergency plans. Member States must, amongst others, ensure that emergency plans are in place for the surrounding areas and that mitigation actions are planned.

The Seveso III Directive also applies to waste but waste landfill sites including underground waste storage are excluded from the scope of the Seveso III Directive. Note 5 to Annex I of the Seveso III Directive makes reference to CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and mentions waste explicitly:

‘In the case of dangerous substances which are not covered by Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, including waste, but which nevertheless are present, or are likely to be present, in an establishment and which possess or are likely to possess, under the conditions found at the establishment, equivalent properties in terms of major-accident potential, these shall be provisionally assigned to the most analogous category or named dangerous substance falling within the scope of this Directive.’

3.   PROCEDURES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

PROCEDURES FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

3.1.   General approach to the classification of waste

General approach to the classification of waste

The assessment and classification of waste is applied to each distinct waste stream generated by a producer, following the obtainment of a representative sample. Where more than one waste type is present, each would need to be assessed separately. This ensures that any items or batches of hazardous waste:

| — | are not erroneously classified as non-hazardous by mixing (diluting) it with other wastes (see Article 7 (4) of the WFD); |
| --- | --- |

—

are not erroneously classified as non-hazardous by mixing (diluting) it with other wastes (see Article 7 (4) of the WFD);

| — | are identified in time to prevent being mixed with other wastes, e.g. in a bin, bag, stockpile or skip (see Article 18 of the WFD). |
| --- | --- |

—

are identified in time to prevent being mixed with other wastes, e.g. in a bin, bag, stockpile or skip (see Article 18 of the WFD).

Only mixed municipal waste from domestic households is exempt from these requirements.

The following chapter and flowchart (cf. Figure 2) guide through the general approach for classification of waste. The flowchart indicates a reference to:

| — | the relevant chapter of this document, where the classification step is generally explained and; |
| --- | --- |

—

the relevant chapter of this document, where the classification step is generally explained and;

| — | the respective relevant Annex to this document, where detailed information is provided. |
| --- | --- |

—

the respective relevant Annex to this document, where detailed information is provided.

Having completed the first two steps described below it should be known whether:

| — | the substance or object in question is subject to the WFD and LoW and; |
| --- | --- |

—

the substance or object in question is subject to the WFD and LoW and;

| — | either an ‘absolute’ (hazardous or non-hazardous) LoW entry applies or a ‘mirror entry’ applies and thus performing a further assessment is necessary. |
| --- | --- |

—

either an ‘absolute’ (hazardous or non-hazardous) LoW entry applies or a ‘mirror entry’ applies and thus performing a further assessment is necessary.

Image

3.1.1.   Step 1: Is the WFD applicable?

Step 1: Is the WFD applicable?

Before a waste can be classified, it should be checked whether WFD is applicable at all:

| — | first, it has to be ascertained whether the substance or object in question is waste (as defined in the WFD).
  Determining whether the object or substance in question is considered waste in the sense of the WFD is a precondition for a further assessment regarding its hazardousness. For this particular assessment, the WFD Guidance provides guidance on the key definition of ‘discarding’ under the WFD, and related concepts under the WFD such as ‘by-product’ and ‘end-of-waste’. |
| --- | --- |

—

first, it has to be ascertained whether the substance or object in question is waste (as defined in the WFD).

Determining whether the object or substance in question is considered waste in the sense of the WFD is a precondition for a further assessment regarding its hazardousness. For this particular assessment, the WFD Guidance provides guidance on the key definition of ‘discarding’ under the WFD, and related concepts under the WFD such as ‘by-product’ and ‘end-of-waste’.

| — | second, it has to be checked whether certain specified waste streams are excluded from the scope of the WFD.
  Even if the substance or object is considered waste, it has to be assessed whether one of the exclusions from the scope laid down in Article 2 WFD applies. The text of Article 2 WFD is provided in the box below. Detailed guidance on selected exclusions is provided for in the WFD Guidance.
  In case an assessment leads to the result that an exclusion applies, neither the WFD nor the LoW apply (a special case is the Extractive Waste Directive as described in chapter 2.1.5; which is outside the scope of the WFD, yet under the circumstances mentioned in that Directive, waste has to be classified in line with the LoW).
  All waste streams not explicitly excluded by the WFD are to be classified according to WFD and LoW, and thus according to the approach outlined in this technical guidance note. This includes cases where additional legislation exists for a particular waste stream (such as for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the case of the WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU (22) or for waste batteries in the case of the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC (23)), as mentioned in Article 2(4) WFD. |
| --- | --- |

—

second, it has to be checked whether certain specified waste streams are excluded from the scope of the WFD.

Even if the substance or object is considered waste, it has to be assessed whether one of the exclusions from the scope laid down in Article 2 WFD applies. The text of Article 2 WFD is provided in the box below. Detailed guidance on selected exclusions is provided for in the WFD Guidance.

In case an assessment leads to the result that an exclusion applies, neither the WFD nor the LoW apply (a special case is the Extractive Waste Directive as described in chapter 2.1.5; which is outside the scope of the WFD, yet under the circumstances mentioned in that Directive, waste has to be classified in line with the LoW).

All waste streams not explicitly excluded by the WFD are to be classified according to WFD and LoW, and thus according to the approach outlined in this technical guidance note. This includes cases where additional legislation exists for a particular waste stream (such as for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the case of the WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU (22) or for waste batteries in the case of the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EC (23)), as mentioned in Article 2(4) WFD.

22

23

| Directive 2008/98/EC


  Article 2 — Exclusions from the scope









  1. | The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive:






  a. | gaseous effluents emitted into the atmosphere; |
| --- | --- | --- |

Directive 2008/98/EC

Directive 2008/98/EC

Article 2 — Exclusions from the scope

Article 2 — Exclusions from the scope

1.

The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive:

a.

gaseous effluents emitted into the atmosphere;

| b. | land (in situ) including unexcavated contaminated soil and buildings permanently connected with land; |
| --- | --- |

b.

land (in situ) including unexcavated contaminated soil and buildings permanently connected with land;

| c. | uncontaminated soil and other naturally occurring material excavated in the course of construction activities where it is certain that the material will be used for the purposes of construction in its natural state on the site from which it was excavated; |
| --- | --- |

c.

uncontaminated soil and other naturally occurring material excavated in the course of construction activities where it is certain that the material will be used for the purposes of construction in its natural state on the site from which it was excavated;

| d. | radioactive waste; |
| --- | --- |

d.

radioactive waste;

| e. | decommissioned explosives; |
| --- | --- |

e.

decommissioned explosives;

| f. | faecal matter, if not covered by paragraph 2(b), straw and other natural non-hazardous agricultural or forestry material used in farming, forestry or for the production of energy from such biomass through processes or methods which do not harm the environment or endanger human health. |
| --- | --- |

f.

faecal matter, if not covered by paragraph 2(b), straw and other natural non-hazardous agricultural or forestry material used in farming, forestry or for the production of energy from such biomass through processes or methods which do not harm the environment or endanger human health.

| 2. | The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive to the extent that they are covered by other Community legislation:






  a. | waste waters; |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.

The following shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive to the extent that they are covered by other Community legislation:

a.

waste waters;

| b. | animal by-products including processed products covered by Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002, except those which are destined for incineration, landfilling or use in a biogas or composting plant; |
| --- | --- |

b.

animal by-products including processed products covered by Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002, except those which are destined for incineration, landfilling or use in a biogas or composting plant;

| c. | carcasses of animals that have died other than by being slaughtered, including animals killed to eradicate epizootic diseases, and that are disposed of in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002; |
| --- | --- |

c.

carcasses of animals that have died other than by being slaughtered, including animals killed to eradicate epizootic diseases, and that are disposed of in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002;

| d. | waste resulting from prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working of quarries covered by Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries. |
| --- | --- |

d.

waste resulting from prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working of quarries covered by Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries.

| 3. | Without prejudice to obligations under other relevant Community legislation, sediments relocated inside surface waters for the purpose of managing waters and waterways or of preventing floods or mitigating the effects of floods and droughts or land reclamation shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive if it is proved that the sediments are non-hazardous. |
| --- | --- |

3.

Without prejudice to obligations under other relevant Community legislation, sediments relocated inside surface waters for the purpose of managing waters and waterways or of preventing floods or mitigating the effects of floods and droughts or land reclamation shall be excluded from the scope of this Directive if it is proved that the sediments are non-hazardous.

| 4. | Specific rules for particular instances, or supplementing those of this Directive, on the management of particular categories of waste, may be laid down by means of individual Directives. |
| --- | --- |

4.

Specific rules for particular instances, or supplementing those of this Directive, on the management of particular categories of waste, may be laid down by means of individual Directives.

| Box 11: | WFD Article 2 — Exclusions from the scope |
| --- | --- |

Box 11:

Box 11:

WFD Article 2 — Exclusions from the scope

3.1.2.   Step 2: Which entry of the List of Waste is applicable?

Step 2: Which entry of the List of Waste is applicable?

The LoW contains 20 chapters (two digit codes), further divided into sub-chapters (four digit codes) and entries (six digit codes).

chapters

sub-chapters

entries

The assignment of a specific entry is made by following the procedure for use of the list of waste. This procedure creates an order of precedence for chapters. An annotated version of the LoW and the procedure for using it can be found in Annex 1.

Any waste which can be identified by an entry marked with an asterisk (*) should be considered as hazardous. Wastes defined by all other entries are considered non-hazardous. To complete Step 2 and identify the applicable entry or entries of the LoW,

| — | the appropriate entry or entries of the LoW need to be assessed for the waste in question, taking into account that specific entries at Member States level may have been introduced in the national legislation on the basis of Article 7 (2) or (3) of the WFD; |
| --- | --- |

—

the appropriate entry or entries of the LoW need to be assessed for the waste in question, taking into account that specific entries at Member States level may have been introduced in the national legislation on the basis of Article 7 (2) or (3) of the WFD;

| — | subsequently, it needs to be assessed to which of the following entry types the waste under consideration needs to be assigned:






  — | Absolute hazardous (AH) entry (marked with an asterisk (*))


  Wastes which are assigned to AH entries cannot be allocated to non-hazardous entries and are hazardous without any further assessment.

  In case an AH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as hazardous. However, it will still be necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (see chapter 3.2) in order to determine which hazardous properties are displayed by the waste in question as this information may be required for the fulfilment of the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the WFD on correct labelling of hazardous waste (e.g. for filling a consignment note for waste movements). Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on AH entries displaying no hazardous properties. |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

subsequently, it needs to be assessed to which of the following entry types the waste under consideration needs to be assigned:

—

Absolute hazardous (AH) entry (marked with an asterisk (*))

Absolute hazardous (AH) entry (marked with an asterisk (*))

Wastes which are assigned to AH entries cannot be allocated to non-hazardous entries and are hazardous without any further assessment.

In case an AH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as hazardous. However, it will still be necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (see chapter 3.2) in order to determine which hazardous properties are displayed by the waste in question as this information may be required for the fulfilment of the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the WFD on correct labelling of hazardous waste (e.g. for filling a consignment note for waste movements). Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on AH entries displaying no hazardous properties.

In case an AH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as hazardous. However, it will still be necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (see chapter 3.2) in order to determine which hazardous properties are displayed by the waste in question as this information may be required for the fulfilment of the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the WFD on correct labelling of hazardous waste (e.g. for filling a consignment note for waste movements). Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on AH entries displaying no hazardous properties.

| — | Absolute non-hazardous (ANH) entry


  Wastes which are assigned to ANH entries cannot be allocated to hazardous entries and should be classified as non-hazardous without any further assessment.

  In case an ANH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as non-hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as non-hazardous. Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on ANH entries displaying hazardous properties. |
| --- | --- |

—

Absolute non-hazardous (ANH) entry

Absolute non-hazardous (ANH) entry

Wastes which are assigned to ANH entries cannot be allocated to hazardous entries and should be classified as non-hazardous without any further assessment.

In case an ANH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as non-hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as non-hazardous. Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on ANH entries displaying hazardous properties.

In case an ANH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as non-hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as non-hazardous. Please see Box 1 in Annex 1, Section 1.1 for information on ANH entries displaying hazardous properties.

| — | Mirror entry


  Mirror entries can be defined as two or more related entries where one is hazardous and the other is not. In contrast to AH or ANH entries, if waste is to be allocated to a group of alternative entries, further steps in the assessment for allocation have to be undertaken. The alternative entries consist at least of the following entries:






  — | Mirror hazardous (MH) entry (marked with an asterisk (*)) |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Mirror entry

Mirror entry

Mirror entries can be defined as two or more related entries where one is hazardous and the other is not. In contrast to AH or ANH entries, if waste is to be allocated to a group of alternative entries, further steps in the assessment for allocation have to be undertaken. The alternative entries consist at least of the following entries:

—

Mirror hazardous (MH) entry (marked with an asterisk (*))

| — | Mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entry |
| --- | --- |

—

Mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entry

In case there is the choice to assign a MH entry or a MNH entry, it is necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (see chapter 3.2) of the classification process in order to determine, based on the results of these investigations, whether to assign the MH entry or the MNH entry.

In case there is the choice to assign a MH entry or a MNH entry, it is necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (see chapter 3.2) of the classification process in order to determine, based on the results of these investigations, whether to assign the MH entry or the MNH entry.

Further information on the assignment of ANH, AH, MH and MNH is given in Annex 1, Section 1.

3.2.   Assignment of MH or MNH entry

Assignment of MH or MNH entry

The following chapters should be used when choosing an appropriate mirror entry. Additionally, they can also be used to determine the hazardous properties of a waste associated with an AH entry, as this information may be required for the fulfilment of the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the WFD on correct labelling of hazardous waste (e.g. for filling a consignment note for waste movements).

Having completed steps 3-5, it should be finally known whether the waste under consideration contains hazardous components and displays one or more hazardous properties (HP1 to HP15), and/or whether it contains any relevant POPs. Hence it can be decided whether the waste is hazardous or non-hazardous. The following flowchart displays the necessary steps and refers to the following chapters (and respective Annexes for further details).

Image

3.2.1.   Step 3: Is sufficient knowledge on the composition of the waste available to determine if it displays hazardous properties either by calculating or testing in line with Step 4?

Step 3: Is sufficient knowledge on the composition of the waste available to determine if it displays hazardous properties either by calculating or testing in line with Step 4?

Obtaining sufficient information about the presence and content of hazardous substances in the waste, in order to be able to determine if the waste might display any of the hazardous properties HP1 to HP15, is an important step in waste classification. Certain information on the composition of the waste is required, independent from the chosen method of assessing the hazardous properties (calculation or testing) as it is described in Step 4. There are several ways to gather information on the relevant composition of the waste, the hazardous substances present and potential hazardous properties displayed:

| — | information on the ‘waste-generating’ manufacturing process/chemistry and its input substances and intermediates including expert judgments (useful sources may be BREF reports, industrial process handbooks, process descriptions and lists of input materials provided by the producer, etc.); |
| --- | --- |

—

information on the ‘waste-generating’ manufacturing process/chemistry and its input substances and intermediates including expert judgments (useful sources may be BREF reports, industrial process handbooks, process descriptions and lists of input materials provided by the producer, etc.);

| — | information from the original producer of the substance or object before it became waste, e.g. Safety Data Sheets (SDS), product label or product fiches (see in more detail Annex 2); |
| --- | --- |

—

information from the original producer of the substance or object before it became waste, e.g. Safety Data Sheets (SDS), product label or product fiches (see in more detail Annex 2);

| — | databases on waste analyses available on MS level; |
| --- | --- |

—

databases on waste analyses available on MS level;

| — | sampling and chemical analysis of the waste (see Annex 4). |
| --- | --- |

—

sampling and chemical analysis of the waste (see Annex 4).

Once information has been gathered on the composition of the waste, it becomes possible to assess if the identified substances are classified as hazardous, i.e. if they are assigned a hazard statement code (see Box 12). In order to determine if the contained substances are classified as hazardous and to learn more about the specific hazard classes and categories the substances may be attributed according the CLP Regulation, please refer to the guidance given in Annex 2.

| Hazard statement codes

  Whether substances identified as constituents of the relevant waste are considered hazardous substances, needs to be assessed in line with CLP criteria. For useful information tools in this context, consult Annex 2 of this document.
  Note that according to CLP Regulation, ‘hazard statements’ are introduced defined as follows:

  ‘hazard statement’ means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;

  An example for a hazard statement code and assigned hazard class and category from Table 3.1 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation is:








  Hazard statement: | Description: | Hazard class and category: |
| --- | --- | --- |
| H330 | Fatal if inhaled | Acute Tox. 2 |

Hazard statement codes

Hazard statement codes

Whether substances identified as constituents of the relevant waste are considered hazardous substances, needs to be assessed in line with CLP criteria. For useful information tools in this context, consult Annex 2 of this document.

Note that according to CLP Regulation, ‘hazard statements’ are introduced defined as follows:

‘hazard statement’ means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;

‘hazard statement’ means a phrase assigned to a hazard class and category that describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous substance or mixture, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard;

An example for a hazard statement code and assigned hazard class and category from Table 3.1 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation is:

Hazard statement:

Hazard statement:

Description:

Description:

Hazard class and category:

Hazard class and category:

H330

Fatal if inhaled

Acute Tox. 2

Thereby the first digit after the ‘H’ represents the categorisation of the hazard (2 — physical hazards, 3 — health hazards, 4 — environmental hazards), the second and third digit are consecutive numbers clustering hazard codes. Information on hazard statement codes assigned to substances can be found in Annex 2.

| Box 12: | Remark on CLP criteria: Hazard Statement Codes |
| --- | --- |

Box 12:

Box 12:

Remark on CLP criteria: Hazard Statement Codes

Please note that if direct testing of hazardous properties (as it is typically conducted for the physical hazardous properties, see Step 4) is considered, chemical analysis of the waste under consideration may not be necessary. Instead the other information sources as mentioned above may already indicate whether a targeted direct testing of certain hazardous properties could be reasonably performed.

If sampling and chemical analysis of the waste under consideration are considered in order to determine its chemical composition (e.g. in order to carry out the calculation approach in the assessment of hazardous properties as described in Step 4), please refer to Annex 4.

Those classifying the waste are expected to take all reasonable steps to determine the composition and hazardous properties of the waste before reaching this point.

Finally, if the gathered information on the composition of the waste (taking into consideration all above displayed options) does not allow concluding on or assessing the hazardous properties displayed by the waste, neither by calculation nor by testing of the waste in line with the following step 4, then the operator should consider classifying the waste as hazardous (if necessary after consultation with the competent authority).

It should be noted that although direct testing methods are available for some hazardous properties as described in Step 4, they are not available for all hazardous properties. As a consequence, direct testing cannot be used to fully classify a waste of unknown composition as non-hazardous.

3.2.2.   Step 4: Does the waste display any of the hazardous properties HP1 to HP15?

Step 4: Does the waste display any of the hazardous properties HP1 to HP15?

As indicated in Chapter 2.1.1 and further described in Annex 3 of this document, Annex III to the WFD describes 15 properties (HP1 to HP15) of waste which render it hazardous. Table 1 provides an overview on the aforementioned hazardous properties.

Table 1

Table 1

Properties of waste which render it hazardous (description taken from WFD, Annex III)

Properties of waste which render it hazardous (description taken from WFD, Annex III)

| Hazardous Properties |
| --- |
| HP1 | Explosive |
| HP2 | Oxidising |
| HP3 | Flammable |
| HP4 | Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage |
| HP5 | Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/Aspiration Toxicity |
| HP6 | Acute Toxicity |
| HP7 | Carcinogenic |
| HP8 | Corrosive |
| HP9 | Infectious |
| HP10 | Toxic for reproduction |
| HP11 | Mutagenic |
| HP12 | Release of an acute toxic gas |
| HP13 | Sensitising |
| HP14 | Ecotoxic |
| HP15 | Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste |

Hazardous Properties

HP1

Explosive

HP2

Oxidising

HP3

Flammable

HP4

Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage

HP5

Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/Aspiration Toxicity

HP6

Acute Toxicity

HP7

Carcinogenic

HP8

Corrosive

HP9

Infectious

HP10

Toxic for reproduction

HP11

Mutagenic

HP12

Release of an acute toxic gas

HP13

Sensitising

HP14

Ecotoxic

HP15

Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

As soon as step 3 is completed, sufficient information on the relevant composition of the waste under consideration should be available. This means sufficient knowledge of the hazardous substances contained in the waste and how they are classified (e.g. if they are attributed any relevant hazard statement codes according the CLP Regulation) should be available to the extent, that at least one of the following methods to determine if the waste displays hazardous properties, can be applied:

| — | Calculation if threshold limits based on hazard statement codes (individually depending on the properties HP4 to HP14, see Annex 3) are equalled or exceeded by the substances that are present in the waste under consideration; |
| --- | --- |

—

Calculation if threshold limits based on hazard statement codes (individually depending on the properties HP4 to HP14, see Annex 3) are equalled or exceeded by the substances that are present in the waste under consideration;

Calculation

| — | Testing if the waste displays hazardous properties or not. |
| --- | --- |

—

Testing if the waste displays hazardous properties or not.

Testing

Annex 3 provides a detailed description and guidelines on how to assess the individual hazardous properties HP1 to HP15 via calculation or testing.

calculation

testing

Regarding the calculation method, it should be noted that hazardous substance content values in waste as they have been determined, e.g. by sampling and chemical analysis of the waste under consideration, have to be compared against the concentration limits listed in Annex III of the WFD. These concentration limits refer to the state of the waste as it is when the classification of the waste is undertaken, i.e. the fresh weight of the waste. However, many analytical methods specify results on a dry weight basis. As a consequence, analytical values expressed on the basis of dry matter have to be corrected for the moisture content of the waste in order to determine the concentration of the substance in the original waste, as it will be subsequently managed. Waste classifiers should be aware that the laboratories often express results based on dry weight and should therefore be attentive to ensure that they are aware on what basis the analytical results are provided. Classification of waste has to be carried out on the basis of wet weights (either as originally tested or converted from the dry weight figures). Additionally, it should be noted explicitly that Article 7 (4) of the WFD does not allow a dilution or mixing of the waste to lower the initial concentrations of hazardous substances.

calculation

Please further note that the concentration limits defined in Annex III to the WFD do not apply to pure metal alloys in their massive form as long as they are not contaminated with hazardous substances. Further information on the classification of metal alloys can be found in Annex 1, Section 1.4.6

Additional guidance regarding sampling and chemical analyses of waste in order to make use of the calculation method can be found in Annex 4.

Direct testing to determine whether a specific hazard property is displayed may be appropriate in some cases, for some hazard properties (e.g. the physical properties such as HP 1 ‘Explosive’, HP 2 ‘Oxidising’ and HP 3 ‘Flammable’).

Direct testing

According to the Annex to the LoW,

‘Where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC, the results of the test shall prevail.’

Finally, if the waste displays one or more of the 15 hazardous properties, the corresponding MH entry has to be assigned. Whereas, if the waste displays no hazardous property, step 5 has to be undertaken to check whether the waste contains specific POPs above the respective limit values. This is the final step before the waste under consideration can be assigned to the MH or MNH entry.

one or more

3.2.3.   Step 5: Is it likely or known that the waste contains any of the POPs indicated in in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3)?

Step 5: Is it likely or known that the waste contains any of the POPs indicated in in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3)?

The last step in the classification of waste as hazardous or non-hazardous is to determine whether the waste contains any of the POPs indicated in in the Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 3)., more specifically whether its content of specific POPs exceeds the relevant limit values of the POP Regulation. A detailed overview, including a list of POPs to be considered and the respective concentration limits, is provided in Annex 1, Section 1.4.10.

In case the waste does not contain relevant POPs or its POP content is below the concentration limits, the MNH entry is assigned. Otherwise the MH entry is assigned.

---

(1)  Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3),

1

(2)  Commission Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3).

2

(3)  A one month stakeholder consultation took place in June 2015, see http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/hazardous_index.htm. A stakeholder workshop was held in Brussels on 30 June 2015.

3

(4)  Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3),

4

(5)  Commission Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3).

5

(6)  European Commission — Directorate-General Environment (2013): Guidance on the interpretation of key provisions of Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, see http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/pdf/guidance_doc.pdf.

6

(7)  Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste (OJ L 182, 16.7.1999, p. 1).

7

(8)  Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17).

8

(9)  Commission Regulation (EU) No 1357/2014 of 18 December 2014 replacing Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 365, 19.12.2014, p. 89).

9

(10)  Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 of 8 June 2017 amending Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards hazardous property HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ (OJ L 150, 14.6.2017, p. 1).

10

(11)  Commission Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3).

11

(12)  Commission Decision 2014/955/EU of 18 December 2014 amending Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 370, 30.12.2014, p. 44).

12

(13)  Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste (OJ L 190, 12.7.2006, p. 1).

13

(14)  Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste (OJ L 182, 16.7.1999, p. 1).

14

(15)  Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC — Statement by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission (OJ L 102, 11.4.2006, p. 15).

15

(16)  Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC (OJ L 396, 30.12.2006, p. 1).

16

(17)  Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1).

17

(18)  Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC (OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7).

18

(19)  It should be mentioned that some EU Member States apply more stringent limit values for specific POPs.

19

(20)  The POPs listed in the LoW are the so called ‘old POPs’. Thus only wastes containing ‘old POPs’ in concentrations which exceed the low POP content limit value shall be classified as hazardous.

20

(21)  Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC (OJ L 197, 24.7.2012, p. 1).

21

(22)  Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (OJ L 197, 24.7.2012, p. 38).

22

(23)  Directive 2006/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC (OJ L 266, 26.9.2006, p. 1).

23

---

ANNEXES

to the Commission notice on technical guidance on the classification of waste

TABLE OF CONTENTS

| ANNEX 1: Annotated List of Waste | 21 |
| --- | --- |

| 1.1. | Structure of the LoW | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.1.

| 1.2. | Identifying the appropriate entry | 24 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.2.

| 1.2.1. | Annotated List of Waste | 27 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.2.1.

| 1.3. | Examples of the classification of complex entries | 62 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.3.

| 1.3.1. | Packaging waste and contents | 62 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.3.1.

| 1.3.2. | Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) | 64 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.3.2.

| 1.3.3. | End-of-life vehicles (ELV) | 66 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.3.3.

| 1.4. | Examples for the assessment of specific constituents of specific waste types | 67 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.

| 1.4.1. | Organic constituents and specific chemical compounds | 67 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.1.

| 1.4.2. | Substances that deplete the ozone layer | 69 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.2.

| 1.4.3. | Asbestos | 71 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.3.

| 1.4.4. | Wastes containing CaO and Ca(OH)2 | 72 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.4.

| 1.4.5. | Wastes containing coal tar and bitumen | 74 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.5.

| 1.4.6. | Metals and alloys | 75 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.6.

| 1.4.7. | Organic peroxides | 76 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.7.

| 1.4.8. | Rubber wastes | 77 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.8.

| 1.4.9. | Plastic wastes | 78 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.9.

| 1.4.10. | POP wastes | 80 |
| --- | --- | --- |

1.4.10.

| ANNEX 2: Data sources and information basis on hazardous substances | 83 |
| --- | --- |

| 2.1 | Classification of substances as hazardous according to the CLP Regulation | 83 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1

| 2.1.1 | Harmonised classification of substances | 83 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.1

| 2.1.2 | Self-classifications | 84 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.2

| 2.1.3 | The C&L Inventory as research tool | 84 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.1.3

| 2.2 | Information on composition, properties and waste management of substances/ mixtures becoming waste | 85 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.2

| 2.3 | Other information sources | 86 |
| --- | --- | --- |

2.3

| ANNEX 3: Specific approaches to determine hazard properties (HP 1 to HP 15) | 87 |
| --- | --- |

| 3.1. | Determining HP 1: Explosive | 87 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.1.

| 3.2. | Determining HP 2: Oxidising | 88 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.2.

| 3.3. | Determining HP 3: Flammable | 91 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.3.

| 3.4. | Determining HP 4: Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage | 96 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.4.

| 3.5. | Determining HP 5: Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) / Aspiration Toxicity | 99 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.5.

| 3.6. | Determining HP 6: Acute Toxicity | 102 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.6.

| 3.7. | Determining HP 7: Carcinogenic | 105 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.7.

| 3.8. | Determining HP 8: Corrosive | 106 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.8.

| 3.9. | Determining HP 9: Infectious | 108 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.9.

| 3.10. | Determining HP 10: Toxic for reproduction | 111 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.10.

| 3.11. | Determining HP 11: Mutagenic | 113 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.11.

| 3.12. | Determining HP 12: Release of an acute toxic gas | 114 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.12.

| 3.13. | Determining HP 13: Sensitising | 118 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.13.

| 3.14. | Determining HP 14: Ecotoxic | 119 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.14.

| 3.15. | Determining HP 15: Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste | 122 |
| --- | --- | --- |

3.15.

| ANNEX 4: Sampling and chemical analysis of waste | 124 |
| --- | --- |

| 4.1. | Sampling | 124 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.

| 4.1.1. | Sampling framework | 124 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.1.

| 4.1.2. | Sampling methodology | 126 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.2.

| 4.1.3. | Sampling standards for different waste types | 128 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.3.

| 4.1.4. | Sampling strategies to deal with homogeneity/heterogeneity | 128 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.4.

| 4.1.5. | Statistical approach of sampling | 128 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.1.5.

| 4.2. | Chemical analysis of waste | 129 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.2.

| 4.2.1. | Realistic worst case substances | 131 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.2.1.

| 4.2.2. | Generic entries | 132 |
| --- | --- | --- |

4.2.2.

| ANNEX 5: Sources and external references | 134 |
| --- | --- |

---

ANNEX 1

Annotated List of Waste

1.1.   
  Structure of the LoW

The LoW, in the version as established by Decision 2000/532/EC and as amended by Decision 2014/955/EU, applies from 1 June 2015.

The LoW contains 20 chapters (two digit codes, cf. Table 1 below). These chapters are further divided into sub-chapters (four digit codes) and entries (six digit codes). Examples for chapter, sub-chapters and entries are provided below:

| Chapter | : | 20 MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sub-chapter | : | 20 01 Separately collected fractions (except 15 01) |
| Entry | : | 20 01 02 Glass |

Chapter

:

20 MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS

Sub-chapter

:

20 01 Separately collected fractions (except 15 01)

Entry

:

20 01 02 Glass

When classifying a waste you first need to ensure the waste falls within the scope of the chapter title. If it does, you then check it if falls within the scope of the subchapter title. Only then can you look within for an appropriate code.

For the aforementioned example of waste classified with entry 20 01 02 this means that the waste:

| — | must stem from households or household-like commercial, industrial or institutional waste (to fall under chapter 20); |
| --- | --- |

—

must stem from households or household-like commercial, industrial or institutional waste (to fall under chapter 20);

| — | must be collected separately (to fall under sub-chapter 20 01); and |
| --- | --- |

—

must be collected separately (to fall under sub-chapter 20 01); and

| — | must consist of glass; |
| --- | --- |

—

must consist of glass;

| — | but must not be glass packaging because packaging waste is excluded from sub-chapter 20 01 by its title and has to be assigned with an entry of chapter 15 for packaging waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

but must not be glass packaging because packaging waste is excluded from sub-chapter 20 01 by its title and has to be assigned with an entry of chapter 15 for packaging waste.

Order of precedence for LoW chapters as laid down in the LoW

The chapters (two digit codes) can be categorized into three different sets that need to be considered, following a predetermined sequence as laid down in the Annex to the LoW, when trying to identify the absolute entry or mirror entry which best corresponds to a waste under investigation:

| A. | 01 to 12 and 17 to 20

  chapters related to waste source |
| --- | --- |
| B. | 13 to 15

  chapters related to waste type |
| C. | 16

  chapter for waste not otherwise specified in the list |

A.

01 to 12 and 17 to 20

chapters related to waste source

B.

13 to 15

chapters related to waste type

C.

16

chapter for waste not otherwise specified in the list

First, it is important to consider the chapters 01 to 12 and 17 to 20 (excluding their general entries ending with 99) which identify a waste by referring to its source or industrial sector of origin. Instead of considering the general type of industry where the waste arises, one should rather consider the specific industrial process. One example is waste from the automotive industry: depending on the process, waste can be classified in chapter 12 (wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastic), chapter 11 (wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials; non-ferrous hydro-metallurgy) or 08 (wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels), adhesives, sealants and printing inks). The 99 code from these chapters must not be used at this stage.

If no appropriate waste code can be found in chapters 01 to 12 or 17 to 20, the next chapters to be checked, according to the defined order of precedence are chapters 13 to 15 (excluding their general entries ending with 99). These chapters are related to the nature of the waste itself, e.g. waste packaging.

If none of these waste codes apply, the waste must be identified according to chapter 16 (excluding its general entries ending with 99) which represents a miscellaneous set of waste streams which cannot be otherwise specifically related to a given processes or sector, e.g. WEEE or end-of life vehicles.

If the waste cannot be reasonably allocated to any of the entries in chapter 16 either, a suitable 99 code (wastes not otherwise specified) must be found in the section of the list corresponding to the waste source identified in the first step.

Identifying the most appropriate entry is an important step in the classification of waste and requires a sound and honest judgement by the operator, based on his knowledge of the origin and process generating the waste, as well as its potential composition. Annex 1.2 provides more detailed information on how to apply the list and its pre-defined order of precedence and summarizes the information already provided in a flow chart (see Figure 1).

Table 1

Chapters LoW

| CODE | CHAPTER DESCRIPTION | PRECEDENCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | WASTES RESULTING FROM EXPLORATION, MINING, QUARRYING, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINERALS | A |
| 02 | WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING |
| 03 | WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD |
| 04 | WASTES FROM THE LEATHER, FUR AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES |
| 05 | WASTES FROM PETROLEUM REFINING, NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION AND PYROLYTIC TREATMENT OF COAL |
| 06 | WASTES FROM INORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES |
| 07 | WASTES FROM ORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES |
| 08 | WASTES FROM THE MANUFACTURE, FORMULATION, SUPPLY AND USE (MFSU) OF COATINGS (PAINTS, VARNISHES AND VITREOUS ENAMELS), ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND PRINTING INKS |
| 09 | WASTES FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY |
| 10 | WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES |
| 11 | WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; NON-FERROUS HYDRO-METALLURGY |
| 12 | WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS |
| 13 | OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (EXCEPT EDIBLE OILS, 05 AND 12) | B |
| 14 | WASTE ORGANIC SOLVENTS, REFRIGERANTS AND PROPELLANTS (EXCEPT 07 AND 08) |
| 15 | WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED |
| 16 | WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST | C |
| 17 | CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES) | A |
| 18 | WASTES FROM HUMAN OR ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND/OR RELATED RESEARCH (EXCEPT KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT WASTES NOT ARISING FROM IMMEDIATE HEALTH CARE) |
| 19 | WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE |
| 20 | MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS |

CODE

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION

PRECEDENCE

01

WASTES RESULTING FROM EXPLORATION, MINING, QUARRYING, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINERALS

A

02

WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING

03

WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD

04

WASTES FROM THE LEATHER, FUR AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

05

WASTES FROM PETROLEUM REFINING, NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION AND PYROLYTIC TREATMENT OF COAL

06

WASTES FROM INORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES

07

WASTES FROM ORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES

08

WASTES FROM THE MANUFACTURE, FORMULATION, SUPPLY AND USE (MFSU) OF COATINGS (PAINTS, VARNISHES AND VITREOUS ENAMELS), ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND PRINTING INKS

09

WASTES FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY

10

WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES

11

WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; NON-FERROUS HYDRO-METALLURGY

12

WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS

13

OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (EXCEPT EDIBLE OILS, 05 AND 12)

B

14

WASTE ORGANIC SOLVENTS, REFRIGERANTS AND PROPELLANTS (EXCEPT 07 AND 08)

15

WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

16

WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST

C

17

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES)

A

18

WASTES FROM HUMAN OR ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND/OR RELATED RESEARCH (EXCEPT KITCHEN AND RESTAURANT WASTES NOT ARISING FROM IMMEDIATE HEALTH CARE)

19

WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE

20

MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS

Types of LoW entries

Any entry marked with an asterisk (*) is considered as hazardous waste. As already indicated in Chapter 3.1.2, the overall 842 entries of the LoW can be divided into absolute hazardous (AH), absolute non-hazardous (ANH), mirror hazardous (MH) and mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entries (cf. Table 2). Thereby each waste is either hazardous or non-hazardous.

Table 2

Number of entries in the LoW

| 842 entries in the List of Waste |
| --- |
| 408 Hazardous entries | 434 Non-hazardous entries |
| 230 AH | 178 MH | 188 MNH | 246 ANH |

842 entries in the List of Waste

408 Hazardous entries

434 Non-hazardous entries

230 AH

178 MH

188 MNH

246 ANH

—   Absolute hazardous (AH) entry

Wastes which are assigned to AH entries cannot be allocated to alternative non-hazardous entries and are hazardous without any further assessment.

AH entries are marked in dark red colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1 of this Annex).

In case an AH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as hazardous. However, it will still be necessary to proceed with steps 3-4 (see Chapter 3.2) in order to determine which hazardous properties are displayed by the waste in question as this information may be required for the fulfilment of the provisions laid down in Article 19 of the WFD on correct labelling of hazardous waste (e.g. for filling a consignment note for waste movements).

—   Absolute non-hazardous (ANH) entry

Wastes which are assigned to ANH entries cannot be allocated to alternative hazardous entries and are classified as non-hazardous without any further assessment.

ANH entries are marked in black colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1 of this Annex).

In case an ANH entry is assigned, the waste will be classified as non-hazardous and no further assessment is needed in order to decide whether the waste has to be classified as non-hazardous.

—   Mirror entry

Mirror entries can be defined as two or more related entries where one is hazardous and the other is not. Sometimes a member of a mirror entry can correspond to several possible related alternative entries. In contrast to AH or ANH entries, if waste is to be allocated to a group of alternative entries, further steps in the assessment for allocation have to be undertaken. The alternative entries consist at least of the following entries:

| — | Mirror hazardous (MH) entry

  MH entries are marked in orange colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1). |
| --- | --- |

—

Mirror hazardous (MH) entry

MH entries are marked in orange colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1).

| — | Mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entry

  MNH entries are marked in dark blue colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1). |
| --- | --- |

—

Mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entry

MNH entries are marked in dark blue colour in the Annotated List of Waste (cf. Table 3 in Section 1.2.1).

Mirror entries can be divided into the following sub-categories:

| — | The decision between alternative MH and MNH entry is determined by a general reference to hazardous substances, e.g.:







  10 12 09* | solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 12 10 | solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 12 09 | MNH |

—

The decision between alternative MH and MNH entry is determined by a general reference to hazardous substances, e.g.:

10 12 09*

solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 12 10

solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 12 09

MNH

| — | The decision between alternative MH and MNH entry is determined by a specific reference to particular hazardous substances, e.g.:







  16 01 11* | brake pads containing asbestos | MH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 01 12 | brake pads other than those mentioned in 16 01 11 | MNH |

—

The decision between alternative MH and MNH entry is determined by a specific reference to particular hazardous substances, e.g.:

16 01 11*

brake pads containing asbestos

MH

16 01 12

brake pads other than those mentioned in 16 01 11

MNH

| — | For entries with references to multiple entries, the assignment of an entry may depend on the origin or certain properties of the waste in question as well as its potentially contained hazardous substances, e.g.:







  17 06 01* | insulation materials containing asbestos | MH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 06 03* | insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 06 04 | Insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03 | MNH |

—

For entries with references to multiple entries, the assignment of an entry may depend on the origin or certain properties of the waste in question as well as its potentially contained hazardous substances, e.g.:

17 06 01*

insulation materials containing asbestos

MH

17 06 03*

insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

17 06 04

Insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03

MNH

Often, but not necessarily, corresponding mirror entries can be recognized via the referencing words ‘other than those mentioned in...’ between MH and MNH entries.

In case there is the choice to assign a MH entry or a MNH entry, it is necessary to proceed with steps 3-5 (cf. Chapter 3.2) of the classification process in order to determine the presence and content of hazardous substances in relevant concentrations, or to determine if the waste directly displays hazardous properties, so as to adequately assign the MH entry or the MNH entry to the waste stream under consideration.

| Absolute non-hazardous entry displaying hazardous properties

  Please note that a waste assigned with an ANH entry is classified as non-hazardous, without any further assessment of its hazardous properties. The only exception to this principle is described in Article 7 (2) of the WFD, whereby if the competent authority of the MS concerned considers that, based on adequate evidence, a given waste to which a ANH code is attributed, is in reality to be classified as hazardous, the waste in question will be classified as hazardous. This should be communicated to the Commission with a view to possible future amendments of the LoW.

  Absolute hazardous entry displaying no hazardous properties

  In case only an AH entry can be assigned to the waste in question, the waste is classified as hazardous, The only exception to this principle is if the relevant MS considers the waste in question as non-hazardous, based on the submission of adequate evidence to the contrary, in line with Article 7(3) of the WFD. This should be communicated to the Commission with a view to possible future amendments of the LoW.

  Determination between mirror entries — Assessment of hazardous properties

  The steps as described in Chapter 3.2 are only necessary in case the waste in question is to be assigned to a MH entry or a MNH entry or if the hazardous properties of a waste assigned with an AH entry need to be assessed, e.g. for filling a consignment note. |
| --- |

Absolute non-hazardous entry displaying hazardous properties

Please note that a waste assigned with an ANH entry is classified as non-hazardous, without any further assessment of its hazardous properties. The only exception to this principle is described in Article 7 (2) of the WFD, whereby if the competent authority of the MS concerned considers that, based on adequate evidence, a given waste to which a ANH code is attributed, is in reality to be classified as hazardous, the waste in question will be classified as hazardous. This should be communicated to the Commission with a view to possible future amendments of the LoW.

Absolute hazardous entry displaying no hazardous properties

In case only an AH entry can be assigned to the waste in question, the waste is classified as hazardous, The only exception to this principle is if the relevant MS considers the waste in question as non-hazardous, based on the submission of adequate evidence to the contrary, in line with Article 7(3) of the WFD. This should be communicated to the Commission with a view to possible future amendments of the LoW.

Determination between mirror entries — Assessment of hazardous properties

The steps as described in Chapter 3.2 are only necessary in case the waste in question is to be assigned to a MH entry or a MNH entry or if the hazardous properties of a waste assigned with an AH entry need to be assessed, e.g. for filling a consignment note.

| Box 1: | Assessment of hazardous properties: ANH, AH, mirror entries |
| --- | --- |

Box 1:

1.2.   
  Identifying the appropriate entry

To classify a waste it is essential that all possible efforts are made to identify:

| — | its source (the specific process or activity that produced it); |
| --- | --- |

—

its source (the specific process or activity that produced it);

| — | its type (or types, if mixed). |
| --- | --- |

—

its type (or types, if mixed).

Once you have this information you need to consider the entire list of waste, and follow the instructions set out below. Selecting the most appropriate entry for the waste from the overall available 842 entries on the LoW is a complex exercise. First, the whole list must be considered entirely and the waste must fit to the finally selected entry, sub-chapter and chapter as described in the example for entry 20 01 02 in the previous chapter.

The design of the list means that you may identify more than one entry; hence you will have to further use the assessment steps in Chapter 3.2 to select the most appropriate entry.

Chapter and sub-chapter titles limit the scope of sub-chapters and entries within, and may also include specific exclusions. It is important that these titles are checked, before selecting entries.

A flow chart (Annex 1, Figure 1) is provided to guide you through this process, and should be used in conjunction with the instructions. This is a stepwise process that may require several iterations.

Image

Step A1: The first step is to:

| — | Compare the specific process or activity that produced the waste to the titles of chapters 01 to 12 and 17 to 20. If the process or activity falls within the scope of one or more chapter titles, then look at the sub-chapter titles within. |
| --- | --- |

—

Compare the specific process or activity that produced the waste to the titles of chapters 01 to 12 and 17 to 20. If the process or activity falls within the scope of one or more chapter titles, then look at the sub-chapter titles within.

| — | If the process or activity fits within the scope of a chapter and subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

If the process or activity fits within the scope of a chapter and subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste.

| — | At this stage, the general entry XX XX 99 should not be used. |
| --- | --- |

—

At this stage, the general entry XX XX 99 should not be used.

| — | If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A2. |
| --- | --- |

—

If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A2.

| Specific process or activity

  The process or activity is not the general industry or business type.
  A business may need to classify each its activities or process stages in different chapters.
  For example, a car manufacturing process may find certain wastes from its different process stages in Chapters 12 (wastes from shaping and surface treatment of metals), 11 (inorganic wastes containing metals from metal treatment and the coating of metals) and 08 (wastes from the use of coatings). |
| --- |

Specific process or activity

The process or activity is not the general industry or business type.

A business may need to classify each its activities or process stages in different chapters.

For example, a car manufacturing process may find certain wastes from its different process stages in Chapters 12 (wastes from shaping and surface treatment of metals), 11 (inorganic wastes containing metals from metal treatment and the coating of metals) and 08 (wastes from the use of coatings).

Step A2: The second step is to:

| — | Compare the specific type of waste to the titles of chapters 13 to 15. If the waste type falls within the scope of one or more chapter titles, then look at the sub-chapter titles within. |
| --- | --- |

—

Compare the specific type of waste to the titles of chapters 13 to 15. If the waste type falls within the scope of one or more chapter titles, then look at the sub-chapter titles within.

| — | If the waste type fits within the scope of a chapter and subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

If the waste type fits within the scope of a chapter and subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste.

| — | You may use the general entry XX XX 99 if appropriate |
| --- | --- |

—

You may use the general entry XX XX 99 if appropriate

| — | If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A3. |
| --- | --- |

—

If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A3.

The assignment of such a general XX XX 99 code has to be of last resort and should be avoided as far as possible.

Step A3: The third step is to:

| — | Check if the waste falls within the scope of a sub-chapter title in in chapter 16. |
| --- | --- |

—

Check if the waste falls within the scope of a sub-chapter title in in chapter 16.

| — | If the waste type fits within the scope of a subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

If the waste type fits within the scope of a subchapter title, then you look in that sub-chapter for an entry that clearly fits the specific type of waste.

| — | If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A4 |
| --- | --- |

—

If you cannot find a suitable entry (or entries) proceed to step A4

Step A4: The final step is to:

| — | Return to step A1 and assign the general entry XX XX 99 from a chapter and subchapter that fits the process or activity that produced the waste. |
| --- | --- |

—

Return to step A1 and assign the general entry XX XX 99 from a chapter and subchapter that fits the process or activity that produced the waste.

| — | Before assigning a XX XX 99 ensure that steps A1 to A3 have been considered. |
| --- | --- |

—

Before assigning a XX XX 99 ensure that steps A1 to A3 have been considered.

When completing the steps A1 to A4, either an AH or ANH entry or the most appropriate mirror entries should be assigned to the waste in question. In the latter case it is necessary to proceed with step 3 (cf. Chapter 3.2) of the classification procedure in order to finally decide whether to assign the MH or the MNH entry.

The flow chart provided in Annex 1, Figure 1 is only meant to give support in assigning the most appropriate entry or mirror entry pair to a given waste stream; it should be noted that the process of classification should be seen as a step wise process that may require several iterations.

The following sections aim at providing further assistance in this context:

| — | in Section 1.2.1, an annotated version of the LoW is enclosed; |
| --- | --- |

—

in Section 1.2.1, an annotated version of the LoW is enclosed;

| — | Section 1.3 contains specific examples of complex entries that serve to illustrate the classification procedure; |
| --- | --- |

—

Section 1.3 contains specific examples of complex entries that serve to illustrate the classification procedure;

| — | Section 1.4 shows examples of the classification of specific constituents of certain waste types. |
| --- | --- |

—

Section 1.4 shows examples of the classification of specific constituents of certain waste types.

| The classification of mixed waste

  Where more than one waste type is present, each would need to be considered separately. This ensures that any items or batches of hazardous waste:






  — | are not erroneously classified as non-hazardous by mixing (diluting) it with other wastes (see Article 7 (4) of the WFD); |
| --- | --- |

The classification of mixed waste

Where more than one waste type is present, each would need to be considered separately. This ensures that any items or batches of hazardous waste:

—

are not erroneously classified as non-hazardous by mixing (diluting) it with other wastes (see Article 7 (4) of the WFD);

| — | are identified in time to prevent them being mixed with other wastes, e.g. in a bin, bag, stockpile or skip (see Article 18 of the WFD). |
| --- | --- |

—

are identified in time to prevent them being mixed with other wastes, e.g. in a bin, bag, stockpile or skip (see Article 18 of the WFD).

Only mixed municipal waste from domestic households is exempt from these requirements.

The list provides a small number of entries for mixed waste. As a general rule (to meet WFD mixing criteria) these are for wastes from businesses that are produced by a process as a single mixed waste. They are not for wastes (or items of waste) that are produced separately and subsequently combined with other wastes (for example being placed in the same container).

1.2.1.   Annotated List of Waste

Table 3 lists all the LoW entries, clearly stating which entries are ANH, AH, MNH and MH entries.

Please note that the interpretation of the entry types in the following annotated List of Waste is one possible interpretation balancing the views from different MS. There are different interpretations on MS level which may be checked as well (1).

Table 3

Annotated List of Waste

| CODE | CHAPTER DESCRIPTION | ENTRY TYPE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | WASTES RESULTING FROM EXPLORATION, MINING, QUARRYING, AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINERALS | |
| 01 01 | wastes from mineral excavation | |
| 01 01 01 | wastes from mineral metalliferous excavation | ANH |
| 01 01 02 | wastes from mineral non-metalliferous excavation | ANH |
| 01 03 | wastes from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals | |
| 01 03 04* | acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore | MH
  B |
| 01 03 05* | other tailings containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 01 03 06 | tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05 | MNH |
| 01 03 07* | other wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals | MH |
| 01 03 08 | dusty and powdery wastes other than those mentioned in 01 03 07 | MNH |
| 01 03 09 (2) | red mud from alumina production other than the wastes mentioned in 01 03 10 | MNH |
| 01 03 10* (3) | red mud from alumina production containing hazardous substances other than the wastes mentioned in 01 03 07 | MH
  A |
| 01 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  C |
| 01 04 | wastes from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals | |
| 01 04 07* | wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals | MH |
| 01 04 08 | waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 | MNH |
| 01 04 09 | waste sand and clays | ANH |
| 01 04 10 | dusty and powdery wastes other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 | MNH |
| 01 04 11 | wastes from potash and rock salt processing other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 | MNH |
| 01 04 12 | tailings and other wastes from washing and cleaning of minerals other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 and 01 04 11 | MNH |
| 01 04 13 | wastes from stone cutting and sawing other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 | MNH |
| 01 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 01 05 | drilling muds and other drilling wastes | |
| 01 05 04 | freshwater drilling muds and wastes | ANH |
| 01 05 05* | oil-containing drilling muds and wastes | MH
  B |
| 01 05 06* | drilling muds and other drilling wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 01 05 07 | barite-containing drilling muds and wastes other than those mentioned in 01 05 05 and 01 05 06 | MNH |
| 01 05 08 | chloride-containing drilling muds and wastes other than those mentioned in 01 05 05 and 01 05 06 | MNH |
| 01 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 2 | WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING | |
| 02 01 | wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing | |
| 02 01 01 | sludges from washing and cleaning | ANH |
| 02 01 02 | animal-tissue waste | ANH |
| 02 01 03 | plant-tissue waste | ANH |
| 02 01 04 | waste plastics (except packaging) | ANH |
| 02 01 06 | animal faeces, urine and manure (including spoiled straw), effluent, collected separately and treated off-site | ANH |
| 02 01 07 | wastes from forestry | ANH |
| 02 01 08* | agrochemical waste containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 02 01 09 | agrochemical waste other than those mentioned in 02 01 08 | MNH |
| 02 01 10 | waste metal | ANH |
| 02 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 02 | wastes from the preparation and processing of meat, fish and other foods of animal origin | |
| 02 02 01 | sludges from washing and cleaning | ANH |
| 02 02 02 | animal-tissue waste | ANH |
| 02 02 03 | materials unsuitable for consumption or processing | ANH |
| 02 02 04 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 03 | wastes from fruit, vegetables, cereals, edible oils, cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco preparation and processing; conserve production; yeast and yeast extract production, molasses preparation and fermentation | |
| 02 03 01 | sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation | ANH |
| 02 03 02 | wastes from preserving agents | ANH |
| 02 03 03 | wastes from solvent extraction | ANH |
| 02 03 04 | materials unsuitable for consumption or processing | ANH |
| 02 03 05 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 04 | wastes from sugar processing | |
| 02 04 01 | soil from cleaning and washing beet | ANH |
| 02 04 02 | off-specification calcium carbonate | ANH |
| 02 04 03 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 05 | wastes from the dairy products industry | |
| 02 05 01 | materials unsuitable for consumption or processing | ANH |
| 02 05 02 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 06 | wastes from the baking and confectionery industry | |
| 02 06 01 | materials unsuitable for consumption or processing | ANH |
| 02 06 02 | wastes from preserving agents | ANH |
| 02 06 03 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 02 07 | wastes from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa) | |
| 02 07 01 | wastes from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials | ANH |
| 02 07 02 | wastes from spirits distillation | ANH |
| 02 07 03 | wastes from chemical treatment | ANH |
| 02 07 04 | materials unsuitable for consumption or processing | ANH |
| 02 07 05 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 02 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 3 | WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD | |
| 03 01 | wastes from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture | |
| 03 01 01 | waste bark and cork | ANH |
| 03 01 04* | sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 03 01 05 | sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer other than those mentioned in 03 01 04 | MNH |
| 03 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 03 02 | wastes from wood preservation | |
| 03 02 01* | non-halogenated organic wood preservatives | AH |
| 03 02 02* | organochlorinated wood preservatives | AH |
| 03 02 03* | organometallic wood preservatives | AH |
| 03 02 04* | inorganic wood preservatives | AH |
| 03 02 05* | other wood preservatives containing hazardous substances | AH
  B |
| 03 02 99 | wood preservatives not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 03 03 | wastes from pulp, paper and cardboard production and processing | |
| 03 03 01 | waste bark and wood | ANH |
| 03 03 02 | green liquor sludge (from recovery of cooking liquor) | ANH |
| 03 03 05 | de-inking sludges from paper recycling | ANH |
| 03 03 07 | mechanically separated rejects from pulping of waste paper and cardboard | ANH |
| 03 03 08 | wastes from sorting of paper and cardboard destined for recycling | ANH |
| 03 03 09 | lime mud waste | ANH |
| 03 03 10 | fibre rejects, fibre-, filler- and coating-sludges from mechanical separation | ANH |
| 03 03 11 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 03 03 10 | ANH |
| 03 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 4 | WASTES FROM THE LEATHER, FUR AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES | |
| 04 01 | wastes from the leather and fur industry | |
| 04 01 01 | fleshings and lime split wastes | ANH |
| 04 01 02 | liming waste | ANH |
| 04 01 03* | degreasing wastes containing solvents without a liquid phase | AH
  B |
| 04 01 04 | tanning liquor containing chromium | ANH |
| 04 01 05 | tanning liquor free of chromium | ANH |
| 04 01 06 | sludges, in particular from on-site effluent treatment containing chromium | ANH |
| 04 01 07 | sludges, in particular from on-site effluent treatment free of chromium | ANH |
| 04 01 08 | waste tanned leather (blue sheetings, shavings, cuttings, buffing dust) containing chromium | ANH |
| 04 01 09 | wastes from dressing and finishing | ANH |
| 04 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 04 02 | wastes from the textile industry | |
| 04 02 09 | wastes from composite materials (impregnated textile, elastomer, plastomer) | ANH |
| 04 02 10 | organic matter from natural products (for example grease, wax) | ANH |
| 04 02 14* | wastes from finishing containing organic solvents | MH |
| 04 02 15 | wastes from finishing other than those mentioned in 04 02 14 | MNH |
| 04 02 16* | dyestuffs and pigments containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 04 02 17 | dyestuffs and pigments other than those mentioned in 04 02 16 | MNH |
| 04 02 19* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 04 02 20 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 04 02 19 | MNH |
| 04 02 21 | wastes from unprocessed textile fibres | ANH |
| 04 02 22 | wastes from processed textile fibres | ANH |
| 04 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 5 | WASTES FROM PETROLEUM REFINING, NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION AND PYROLYTIC TREATMENT OF COAL | |
| 05 01 | wastes from petroleum refining | |
| 05 01 02* | desalter sludges | AH |
| 05 01 03* | tank bottom sludges | AH |
| 05 01 04* | acid alkyl sludges | AH |
| 05 01 05* | oil spills | AH |
| 05 01 06* | oily sludges from maintenance operations of the plant or equipment | AH |
| 05 01 07* | acid tars | AH |
| 05 01 08* | other tars | AH |
| 05 01 09* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 05 01 10 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 05 01 09 | MNH |
| 05 01 11* | wastes from cleaning of fuels with bases | AH |
| 05 01 12* | oil containing acids | AH |
| 05 01 13 | boiler feedwater sludges | ANH |
| 05 01 14 | wastes from cooling columns | ANH |
| 05 01 15* | spent filter clays | AH |
| 05 01 16 | sulphur-containing wastes from petroleum desulphurisation | ANH |
| 05 01 17 | Bitumen | ANH |
| 05 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 05 06 | wastes from the pyrolytic treatment of coal | |
| 05 06 01* | acid tars | AH |
| 05 06 03* | other tars | AH |
| 05 06 04 | waste from cooling columns | ANH |
| 05 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 05 07 | wastes from natural gas purification and transportation | |
| 05 07 01* | wastes containing mercury | AH
  B |
| 05 07 02 | wastes containing sulphur | ANH |
| 05 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 6 | WASTES FROM INORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES | |
| 06 01 | wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of acids | |
| 06 01 01* | sulphuric acid and sulphurous acid | AH |
| 06 01 02* | hydrochloric acid | AH |
| 06 01 03* | hydrofluoric acid | AH |
| 06 01 04* | phosphoric and phosphorous acid | AH |
| 06 01 05* | nitric acid and nitrous acid | AH |
| 06 01 06* | other acids | AH |
| 06 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 02 | wastes from the MFSU of bases | |
| 06 02 01* | calcium hydroxide | AH |
| 06 02 03* | ammonium hydroxide | AH |
| 06 02 04* | sodium and potassium hydroxide | AH |
| 06 02 05* | other bases | AH |
| 06 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 03 | wastes from the MFSU of salts and their solutions and metallic oxides | |
| 06 03 11* | solid salts and solutions containing cyanides | MH |
| 06 03 13* | solid salts and solutions containing heavy metals | MH |
| 06 03 14 | solid salts and solutions other than those mentioned in 06 03 11 and 06 03 13 | MNH |
| 06 03 15* | metallic oxides containing heavy metals | MH |
| 06 03 16 | metallic oxides other than those mentioned in 06 03 15 | MNH |
| 06 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 04 | metal-containing wastes other than those mentioned in 06 03 | |
| 06 04 03* | wastes containing arsenic | AH
  B |
| 06 04 04* | wastes containing mercury | AH
  B |
| 06 04 05* | wastes containing other heavy metals | AH
  B |
| 06 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 06 05 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment | |
| 06 05 02* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 06 05 03 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 06 05 02 | MNH |
| 06 06 | wastes from the MFSU of sulphur chemicals, sulphur chemical processes and desulphurisation processes | |
| 06 06 02* | wastes containing hazardous sulphides | MH |
| 06 06 03 | wastes containing sulphides other than those mentioned in 06 06 02 | MNH |
| 06 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 07 | wastes from the MFSU of halogens and halogen chemical processes | |
| 06 07 01* | wastes containing asbestos from electrolysis | AH
  B |
| 06 07 02* | activated carbon from chlorine production | AH |
| 06 07 03* | barium sulphate sludge containing mercury | AH
  B |
| 06 07 04* | solutions and acids, for example contact acid | AH |
| 06 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 06 08 | wastes from the MFSU of silicon and silicon derivatives | |
| 06 08 02* | waste containing hazardous chlorosilanes | MH |
| 06 08 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 09 | wastes from the MSFU of phosphorous chemicals and phosphorous chemical processes | |
| 06 09 02 | phosphorous slag | ANH |
| 06 09 03* | calcium-based reaction wastes containing or contaminated with hazardous substances | MH |
| 06 09 04 | calcium-based reaction wastes other than those mentioned in 06 09 03 | MNH |
| 06 09 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 10 | wastes from the MFSU of nitrogen chemicals, nitrogen chemical processes and fertiliser manufacture | |
| 06 10 02* | wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 06 10 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 11 | wastes from the manufacture of inorganic pigments and opacificiers | |
| 06 11 01 | calcium-based reaction wastes from titanium dioxide production | ANH |
| 06 11 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 06 13 | wastes from inorganic chemical processes not otherwise specified | |
| 06 13 01* | inorganic plant protection products, wood-preserving agents and other biocides. | AH |
| 06 13 02* | spent activated carbon (except 06 07 02) | AH |
| 06 13 03 | carbon black | ANH |
| 06 13 04* | wastes from asbestos processing | AH |
| 06 13 05* | Soot | AH |
| 06 13 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 7 | WASTES FROM ORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES | |
| 07 01 | wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of basic organic chemicals | |
| 07 01 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 01 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 01 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 01 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 01 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 01 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 01 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 01 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 01 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 01 11 | MNH |
| 07 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 02 | wastes from the MFSU of plastics, synthetic rubber and man-made fibres | |
| 07 02 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 02 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 02 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 02 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 02 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 02 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 02 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 02 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 02 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 02 11 | MNH |
| 07 02 13 | waste plastic | ANH |
| 07 02 14* | wastes from additives containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 02 15 | wastes from additives other than those mentioned in 07 02 14 | MNH |
| 07 02 16* | waste containing hazardous silicones | MH |
| 07 02 17 | waste containing silicones other than those mentioned in 07 02 16 | MNH |
| 07 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 03 | wastes from the MFSU of organic dyes and pigments (except 06 11) | |
| 07 03 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 03 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 03 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 03 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 03 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 03 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 03 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 03 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 03 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 03 11 | MNH |
| 07 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 04 | wastes from the MFSU of organic plant protection products (except 02 01 08 and 02 01 09), wood preserving agents (except 03 02) and other biocides | |
| 07 04 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 04 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 04 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 04 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 04 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 04 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 04 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 04 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 04 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 04 11 | MNH |
| 07 04 13* | solid wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 05 | wastes from the MFSU of pharmaceuticals | |
| 07 05 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 05 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 05 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 05 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 05 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 05 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 05 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 05 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 05 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 05 11 | MNH |
| 07 05 13* | solid wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 05 14 | solid wastes other than those mentioned in 07 05 13 | MNH |
| 07 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 06 | wastes from the MFSU of fats, grease, soaps, detergents, disinfectants and cosmetics | |
| 07 06 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 06 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 06 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 06 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 06 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 06 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 06 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 06 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 06 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 06 11 | MNH |
| 07 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 07 07 | wastes from the MFSU of fine chemicals and chemical products not otherwise specified | |
| 07 07 01* | aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 07 03* | organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 07 04* | other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors | AH |
| 07 07 07* | halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 07 08* | other still bottoms and reaction residues | AH |
| 07 07 09* | halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 07 10* | other filter cakes and spent absorbents | AH |
| 07 07 11* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 07 07 12 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 07 11 | MNH |
| 07 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 8 | WASTES FROM THE MANUFACTURE, FORMULATION, SUPPLY AND USE (MFSU) OF COATINGS (PAINTS, VARNISHES AND VITREOUS ENAMELS), ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND PRINTING INKS | |
| 08 01 | wastes from MFSU and removal of paint and varnish | |
| 08 01 11* | waste paint and varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 01 12 | waste paint and varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 11 | MNH |
| 08 01 13* | sludges from paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 01 14 | sludges from paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 13 | MNH |
| 08 01 15* | aqueous sludges containing paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 01 16 | aqueous sludges containing paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 15 | MNH |
| 08 01 17* | wastes from paint or varnish removal containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 01 18 | wastes from paint or varnish removal other than those mentioned in 08 01 17 | MNH |
| 08 01 19* | aqueous suspensions containing paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 01 20 | aqueous suspensions containing paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 19 | MNH |
| 08 01 21* | waste paint or varnish remover | AH |
| 08 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 08 02 | wastes from MFSU of other coatings (including ceramic materials) | |
| 08 02 01 | waste coating powders | ANH |
| 08 02 02 | aqueous sludges containing ceramic materials | ANH |
| 08 02 03 | aqueous suspensions containing ceramic materials | ANH |
| 08 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 08 03 | wastes from MFSU of printing inks | |
| 08 03 07 | aqueous sludges containing ink | ANH |
| 08 03 08 | aqueous liquid waste containing ink | ANH |
| 08 03 12* | waste ink containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 03 13 | waste ink other than those mentioned in 08 03 12 | MNH |
| 08 03 14* | ink sludges containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 03 15 | ink sludges other than those mentioned in 08 03 14 | MNH |
| 08 03 16* | waste etching solutions | AH |
| 08 03 17* | waste printing toner containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 03 18 | waste printing toner other than those mentioned in 08 03 17 | MNH |
| 08 03 19* | disperse oil | AH |
| 08 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 08 04 | wastes from MFSU of adhesives and sealants (including waterproofing products) | |
| 08 04 09* | waste adhesives and sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 04 10 | waste adhesives and sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 09 | MNH |
| 08 04 11* | adhesive and sealant sludges containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 04 12 | adhesive and sealant sludges other than those mentioned in 08 04 11 | MNH |
| 08 04 13* | aqueous sludges containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 04 14 | aqueous sludges containing adhesives or sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 13 | MNH |
| 08 04 15* | aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances | MH |
| 08 04 16 | aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 15 | MNH |
| 08 04 17* | rosin oil | AH |
| 08 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 08 05 | wastes not otherwise specified in 08 | |
| 08 05 01* | waste isocyanates | AH |
| 9 | WASTES FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY | |
| 09 01 | wastes from the photographic industry | |
| 09 01 01* | water-based developer and activator solutions | AH |
| 09 01 02* | water-based offset plate developer solutions | AH |
| 09 01 03* | solvent-based developer solutions | AH |
| 09 01 04* | fixer solutions | AH |
| 09 01 05* | bleach solutions and bleach fixer solutions | AH |
| 09 01 06* | wastes containing silver from on-site treatment of photographic wastes | AH
  B |
| 09 01 07 | photographic film and paper containing silver or silver compounds | ANH |
| 09 01 08 | photographic film and paper free of silver or silver compounds | ANH |
| 09 01 10 | single-use cameras without batteries | ANH |
| 09 01 11* | single-use cameras containing batteries included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or 16 06 03 | MH
  B |
| 09 01 12 | single-use cameras containing batteries other than those mentioned in 09 01 11 | MNH |
| 09 01 13* | aqueous liquid waste from on-site reclamation of silver other than those mentioned in 09 01 06 | AH |
| 09 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 | WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES | |
| 10 01 | wastes from power stations and other combustion plants (except 19) | |
| 10 01 01 | bottom ash, slag and boiler dust (excluding boiler dust mentioned in 10 01 04) | ANH |
| 10 01 02 | coal fly ash | ANH |
| 10 01 03 | fly ash from peat and untreated wood | ANH |
| 10 01 04* | oil fly ash and boiler dust | AH |
| 10 01 05 | calcium-based reaction wastes from flue-gas desulphurisation in solid form | ANH |
| 10 01 07 | calcium-based reaction wastes from flue-gas desulphurisation in sludge form | ANH |
| 10 01 09* | sulphuric acid | AH |
| 10 01 13* | fly ash from emulsified hydrocarbons used as fuel | AH |
| 10 01 14* | bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 01 15 | bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14 | MNH |
| 10 01 16* | fly ash from co-incineration containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 01 17 | fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16 | MNH |
| 10 01 18* | wastes from gas cleaning containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 01 19 | wastes from gas cleaning other than those mentioned in 10 01 05, 10 01 07 and 10 01 18 | MNH |
| 10 01 20* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 01 21 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 10 01 20 | MNH |
| 10 01 22* | aqueous sludges from boiler cleansing containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 01 23 | aqueous sludges from boiler cleansing other than those mentioned in 10 01 22 | MNH |
| 10 01 24 | sands from fluidised beds | ANH |
| 10 01 25 | wastes from fuel storage and preparation of coal-fired power plants | ANH |
| 10 01 26 | wastes from cooling-water treatment | ANH |
| 10 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 02 | wastes from the iron and steel industry | |
| 10 02 01 | wastes from the processing of slag | ANH |
| 10 02 02 | unprocessed slag | ANH |
| 10 02 07* | solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 02 08 | solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 07 | MNH |
| 10 02 10 | mill scales | ANH |
| 10 02 11* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 02 12 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 11 | MNH |
| 10 02 13* | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 02 14 | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 13 | MNH |
| 10 02 15 | other sludges and filter cakes | MNH
  A |
| 10 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 03 | wastes from aluminium thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 03 02 | anode scraps | ANH |
| 10 03 04* | primary production slags | AH |
| 10 03 05 | waste alumina | ANH |
| 10 03 08* | salt slags from secondary production | AH |
| 10 03 09* | black drosses from secondary production | AH |
| 10 03 15* | skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities | MH
  B |
| 10 03 16 | skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 03 15 | MNH
  B |
| 10 03 17* | tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture | MH
  B |
| 10 03 18 | carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 03 17 | MNH
  B |
| 10 03 19* | flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 03 20 | flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 03 19 | MNH |
| 10 03 21* | other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 03 22 | other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) other than those mentioned in 10 03 21 | MNH |
| 10 03 23* | solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 03 24 | solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 23 | MNH |
| 10 03 25* | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 03 26 | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 25 | MNH |
| 10 03 27* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 03 28 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 27 | MNH |
| 10 03 29* | wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 03 30 | wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29 | MNH |
| 10 03 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 04 | wastes from lead thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 04 01* | slags from primary and secondary production | AH |
| 10 04 02* | dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production | AH |
| 10 04 03* | calcium arsenate | AH |
| 10 04 04* | flue-gas dust | AH |
| 10 04 05* | other particulates and dust | AH |
| 10 04 06* | solid wastes from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 04 07* | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 04 09* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 04 10 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 04 09 | MNH |
| 10 04 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 05 | wastes from zinc thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 05 01 | slags from primary and secondary production | ANH |
| 10 05 03* | flue-gas dust | AH |
| 10 05 04 | other particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 05 05* | solid waste from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 05 06* | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 05 08* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 05 09 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 05 08 | MNH |
| 10 05 10* | dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities | MH
  B |
| 10 05 11 | dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 05 10 | MNH
  B |
| 10 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 06 | wastes from copper thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 06 01 | slags from primary and secondary production | ANH |
| 10 06 02 | dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production | ANH |
| 10 06 03* | flue-gas dust | AH |
| 10 06 04 | other particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 06 06* | solid wastes from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 06 07* | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | AH |
| 10 06 09* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 06 10 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 06 09 | MNH |
| 10 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 07 | wastes from silver, gold and platinum thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 07 01 | slags from primary and secondary production | ANH |
| 10 07 02 | dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production | ANH |
| 10 07 03 | solid wastes from gas treatment | ANH |
| 10 07 04 | other particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 07 05 | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | ANH |
| 10 07 07* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 07 08 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 07 07 | MNH |
| 10 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 08 | wastes from other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy | |
| 10 08 04 | particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 08 08* | salt slag from primary and secondary production | AH |
| 10 08 09 | other slags | ANH |
| 10 08 10* | dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities | MH
  B |
| 10 08 11 | dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 08 10 | MNH
  B |
| 10 08 12* | tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture | MH
  B |
| 10 08 13 | carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 08 12 | MNH
  B |
| 10 08 14 | anode scrap | ANH |
| 10 08 15* | flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 08 16 | flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 08 15 | MNH |
| 10 08 17* | sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 08 18 | sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 17 | MNH |
| 10 08 19* | wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil | MH |
| 10 08 20 | wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 19 | MNH |
| 10 08 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 09 | wastes from casting of ferrous pieces | |
| 10 09 03 | furnace slag | ANH |
| 10 09 05* | casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 06 | casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 05 | MNH |
| 10 09 07* | casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 08 | casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 07 | MNH |
| 10 09 09* | flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 10 | flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 09 09 | MNH |
| 10 09 11* | other particulates containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 12 | other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 09 11 | MNH |
| 10 09 13* | waste binders containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 14 | waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 09 13 | MNH |
| 10 09 15* | waste crack-indicating agent containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 09 16 | waste crack-indicating agent other than those mentioned in 10 09 15 | MNH |
| 10 09 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 10 | wastes from casting of non-ferrous pieces | |
| 10 10 03 | furnace slag | ANH |
| 10 10 05* | casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 06 | casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 05 | MNH |
| 10 10 07* | casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 08 | casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 07 | MNH |
| 10 10 09* | flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 10 | flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 10 09 | MNH |
| 10 10 11* | other particulates containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 12 | other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 10 11 | MNH |
| 10 10 13* | waste binders containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 14 | waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 10 13 | MNH |
| 10 10 15* | waste crack-indicating agent containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 10 16 | waste crack-indicating agent other than those mentioned in 10 10 15 | MNH |
| 10 10 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 11 | wastes from manufacture of glass and glass products | |
| 10 11 03 | waste glass-based fibrous materials | ANH |
| 10 11 05 | particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 11 09* | waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 11 10 | waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, other than those mentioned in 10 11 09 | MNH |
| 10 11 11* | waste glass in small particles and glass powder containing heavy metals (for example from cathode ray tubes) | MH |
| 10 11 12 | waste glass other than those mentioned in 10 11 11 | MNH |
| 10 11 13* | glass-polishing and -grinding sludge containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 11 14 | glass-polishing and -grinding sludge other than those mentioned in 10 11 13 | MNH |
| 10 11 15* | solid wastes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 11 16 | solid wastes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 15 | MNH |
| 10 11 17* | sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 11 18 | sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 17 | MNH |
| 10 11 19* | solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 11 20 | solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 19 | MNH |
| 10 11 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 12 | wastes from manufacture of ceramic goods, bricks, tiles and construction products | |
| 10 12 01 | waste preparation mixture before thermal processing | ANH |
| 10 12 03 | particulates and dust | ANH |
| 10 12 05 | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | ANH |
| 10 12 06 | discarded moulds | ANH |
| 10 12 08 | waste ceramics, bricks, tiles and construction products (after thermal processing) | ANH |
| 10 12 09* | solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 12 10 | solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 12 09 | MNH |
| 10 12 11* | wastes from glazing containing heavy metals | MH |
| 10 12 12 | wastes from glazing other than those mentioned in 10 12 11 | MNH |
| 10 12 13 | sludge from on-site effluent treatment | ANH |
| 10 12 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 13 | wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them | |
| 10 13 01 | waste preparation mixture before thermal processing | ANH |
| 10 13 04 | wastes from calcination and hydration of lime | ANH |
| 10 13 06 | particulates and dust (except 10 13 12 and 10 13 13) | MNH |
| 10 13 07 | sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment | ANH |
| 10 13 09* | wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos | MH |
| 10 13 10 | wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 13 09 | MNH |
| 10 13 11 | wastes from cement-based composite materials other than those mentioned in 10 13 09 and 10 13 10 | MNH |
| 10 13 12* | solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 10 13 13 | solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 13 12 | MNH |
| 10 13 14 | waste concrete and concrete sludge | ANH |
| 10 13 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 10 14 | waste from crematoria | |
| 10 14 01* | waste from gas cleaning containing mercury | AH
  B |
| 11 | WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; NON-FERROUS HYDRO-METALLURGY | |
| 11 01 | wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials (for example galvanic processes, zinc coating processes, pickling processes, etching, phosphating, alkaline degreasing, anodising) | |
| 11 01 05* | pickling acids | AH |
| 11 01 06* | acids not otherwise specified | AH |
| 11 01 07* | pickling bases | AH |
| 11 01 08* | phosphatising sludges | AH |
| 11 01 09* | sludges and filter cakes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 11 01 10 | sludges and filter cakes other than those mentioned in 11 01 09 | MNH |
| 11 01 11* | aqueous rinsing liquids containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 11 01 12 | aqueous rinsing liquids other than those mentioned in 11 01 11 | MNH |
| 11 01 13* | degreasing wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 11 01 14 | degreasing wastes other than those mentioned in 11 01 13 | MNH |
| 11 01 15* | eluate and sludges from membrane systems or ion exchange systems containing hazardous substances | AH
  B |
| 11 01 16* | saturated or spent ion exchange resins | AH |
| 11 01 98* | other wastes containing hazardous substances | MH
  A |
| 11 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 11 02 | wastes from non-ferrous hydrometallurgical processes | |
| 11 02 02* | sludges from zinc hydrometallurgy (including jarosite, goethite) | AH |
| 11 02 03 | wastes from the production of anodes for aqueous electrolytical processes | ANH |
| 11 02 05* | wastes from copper hydrometallurgical processes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 11 02 06 | wastes from copper hydrometallurgical processes other than those mentioned in 11 02 05 | MNH |
| 11 02 07* | other wastes containing hazardous substances | MH
  A |
| 11 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 11 03 | sludges and solids from tempering processes | |
| 11 03 01* | wastes containing cyanide | AH
  B |
| 11 03 02* | other wastes | AH |
| 11 05 | wastes from hot galvanising processes | |
| 11 05 01 | hard zinc | ANH |
| 11 05 02 | zinc ash | ANH |
| 11 05 03* | solid wastes from gas treatment | AH |
| 11 05 04* | spent flux | AH |
| 11 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 12 | WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS | |
| 12 01 | wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics | |
| 12 01 01 | ferrous metal filings and turnings | ANH |
| 12 01 02 | ferrous metal dust and particles | ANH |
| 12 01 03 | non-ferrous metal filings and turnings | ANH |
| 12 01 04 | non-ferrous metal dust and particles | ANH |
| 12 01 05 | plastics shavings and turnings | ANH |
| 12 01 06* | mineral-based machining oils containing halogens (except emulsions and solutions) | AH |
| 12 01 07* | mineral-based machining oils free of halogens (except emulsions and solutions) | AH |
| 12 01 08* | machining emulsions and solutions containing halogens | AH |
| 12 01 09* | machining emulsions and solutions free of halogens | AH |
| 12 01 10* | synthetic machining oils | AH |
| 12 01 12* | spent waxes and fats | AH |
| 12 01 13 | welding wastes | ANH |
| 12 01 14* | machining sludges containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 12 01 15 | machining sludges other than those mentioned in 12 01 14 | MNH |
| 12 01 16* | waste blasting material containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 12 01 17 | waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16 | MNH |
| 12 01 18* | metal sludge (grinding, honing and lapping sludge) containing oil | AH
  B |
| 12 01 19* | readily biodegradable machining oil | AH |
| 12 01 20* | spent grinding bodies and grinding materials containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 12 01 21 | spent grinding bodies and grinding materials other than those mentioned in 12 01 20 | MNH |
| 12 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 12 03 | wastes from water and steam degreasing processes (except 11) | |
| 12 03 01* | aqueous washing liquids | AH |
| 12 03 02* | steam degreasing wastes | AH |
| 13 | OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (except edible oils, and those in chapters 05, 12 and 19) | |
| 13 01 | waste hydraulic oils | |
| 13 01 01* | hydraulic oils, containing PCBs | AH
  B |
| 13 01 04* | chlorinated emulsions | AH |
| 13 01 05* | non-chlorinated emulsions | AH |
| 13 01 09* | mineral-based chlorinated hydraulic oils | AH |
| 13 01 10* | mineral based non-chlorinated hydraulic oils | AH |
| 13 01 11* | synthetic hydraulic oils | AH |
| 13 01 12* | readily biodegradable hydraulic oils | AH |
| 13 01 13* | other hydraulic oils | AH |
| 13 02 | waste engine, gear and lubricating oils | |
| 13 02 04* | mineral-based chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils | AH |
| 13 02 05* | mineral-based non-chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils | AH |
| 13 02 06* | synthetic engine, gear and lubricating oils | AH |
| 13 02 07* | readily biodegradable engine, gear and lubricating oils | AH |
| 13 02 08* | other engine, gear and lubricating oils | AH |
| 13 03 | waste insulating and heat transmission oils | |
| 13 03 01* | insulating or heat transmission oils containing PCBs | AH
  B |
| 13 03 06* | mineral-based chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils other than those mentioned in 13 03 01 | AH |
| 13 03 07* | mineral-based non-chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils | AH |
| 13 03 08* | synthetic insulating and heat transmission oils | AH |
| 13 03 09* | readily biodegradable insulating and heat transmission oils | AH |
| 13 03 10* | other insulating and heat transmission oils | AH |
| 13 04 | bilge oils | |
| 13 04 01* | bilge oils from inland navigation | AH |
| 13 04 02* | bilge oils from jetty sewers | AH |
| 13 04 03* | bilge oils from other navigation | AH |
| 13 05 | oil/water separator contents | |
| 13 05 01* | solids from grit chambers and oil/water separators | AH |
| 13 05 02* | sludges from oil/water separators | AH |
| 13 05 03* | interceptor sludges | AH |
| 13 05 06* | oil from oil/water separators | AH |
| 13 05 07* | oily water from oil/water separators | AH |
| 13 05 08* | mixtures of wastes from grit chambers and oil/water separators | AH |
| 13 07 | wastes of liquid fuels | |
| 13 07 01* | fuel oil and diesel | AH |
| 13 07 02* | Petrol | AH |
| 13 07 03* | other fuels (including mixtures) | AH |
| 13 08 | oil wastes not otherwise specified | |
| 13 08 01* | desalter sludges or emulsions | AH |
| 13 08 02* | other emulsions | AH |
| 13 08 99* | wastes not otherwise specified | AH |
| 14 | WASTE ORGANIC SOLVENTS, REFRIGERANTS AND PROPELLANTS (except 07 and 08) | |
| 14 06 | waste organic solvents, refrigerants and foam/aerosol propellants | |
| 14 06 01* | chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | AH |
| 14 06 02* | other halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures | AH |
| 14 06 03* | other solvents and solvent mixtures | AH |
| 14 06 04* | sludges or solid wastes containing halogenated solvents | AH
  B |
| 14 06 05* | sludges or solid wastes containing other solvents | AH
  B |
| 15 | WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED | |
| 15 01 | packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste) | |
| 15 01 01 | paper and cardboard packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 02 | plastic packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 03 | wooden packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 04 | metallic packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 05 | composite packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 06 | mixed packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 07 | glass packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 09 | textile packaging | MNH
  B |
| 15 01 10* | packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances | MH
  B |
| 15 01 11* | metallic packaging containing a hazardous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers | MH
  B |
| 15 02 | absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing | |
| 15 02 02* | absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by hazardous substances | MH |
| 15 02 03 | absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing other than those mentioned in 15 02 02 | MNH |
| 16 | WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST | |
| 16 01 | end-of-life vehicles from different means of transport (including off-road machinery) and wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance (except 13, 14, 16 06 and 16 08) | |
| 16 01 03 | end-of-life tyres | ANH |
| 16 01 04* | end-of-life vehicles | AH
  A |
| 16 01 06 | end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components | ANH
  A |
| 16 01 07* | oil filters | AH |
| 16 01 08* | components containing mercury | MH
  A |
| 16 01 09* | components containing PCBs | MH
  A |
| 16 01 10* | explosive components (for example air bags) | AH |
| 16 01 11* | brake pads containing asbestos | MH |
| 16 01 12 | brake pads other than those mentioned in 16 01 11 | MNH |
| 16 01 13* | brake fluids | AH |
| 16 01 14* | antifreeze fluids containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 01 15 | antifreeze fluids other than those mentioned in 16 01 14 | MNH |
| 16 01 16 | tanks for liquefied gas | ANH |
| 16 01 17 | ferrous metal | ANH |
| 16 01 18 | non-ferrous metal | ANH |
| 16 01 19 | Plastic | ANH |
| 16 01 20 | Glass | ANH |
| 16 01 21* | hazardous components other than those mentioned in 16 01 07 to 16 01 11 and 16 01 13 and 16 01 14 | AH |
| 16 01 22 | components not otherwise specified | MNH |
| 16 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 16 02 | wastes from electrical and electronic equipment | |
| 16 02 09* | transformers and capacitors containing PCBs | MH
  B |
| 16 02 10* | discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 | MH
  B |
| 16 02 11* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | MH
  B |
| 16 02 12* | discarded equipment containing free asbestos | MH
  B |
| 16 02 13* | discarded equipment containing hazardous components (#) other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 12 | MH
  B |
| 16 02 14 | discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13 | MNH
  B |
| 16 02 15* | hazardous components removed from discarded equipment | MH
  B |
| 16 02 16 | components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15 | MNH
  B |
| 16 03 | off-specification batches and unused products | |
| 16 03 03* | inorganic wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 03 04 | inorganic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 03 | MNH |
| 16 03 05* | organic wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 03 06 | organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05 | MNH |
| 16 03 07* (4) | metallic mercury | AH |
| 16 04 | waste explosives | |
| 16 04 01* | waste ammunition | AH |
| 16 04 02* | fireworks wastes | AH |
| 16 04 03* | other waste explosives | AH |
| 16 05 | gases in pressure containers and discarded chemicals | |
| 16 05 04* | gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 05 05 | gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04 | MNH |
| 16 05 06* | laboratory chemicals, consisting of or containing hazardous substances, including mixtures of laboratory chemicals | MH |
| 16 05 07* | discarded inorganic chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 05 08* | discarded organic chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 05 09 | discarded chemicals other than those mentioned in 16 05 06, 16 05 07 or 16 05 08 | MNH |
| 16 06 | batteries and accumulators | |
| 16 06 01* | lead batteries | AH |
| 16 06 02* | Ni-Cd batteries | AH |
| 16 06 03* | mercury-containing batteries | AH |
| 16 06 04 | alkaline batteries (except 16 06 03) | ANH |
| 16 06 05 | other batteries and accumulators | ANH |
| 16 06 06* | separately collected electrolyte from batteries and accumulators | AH |
| 16 07 | wastes from transport tank, storage tank and barrel cleaning (except 05 and 13) | |
| 16 07 08* | wastes containing oil | AH
  B |
| 16 07 09* | wastes containing other hazardous substances | AH
  B |
| 16 07 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH
  B |
| 16 08 | spent catalysts | |
| 16 08 01 | spent catalysts containing gold, silver, rhenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium or platinum (except 16 08 07) | MNH |
| 16 08 02* | spent catalysts containing hazardous transition metals or hazardous transition metal compounds | MH |
| 16 08 03 | spent catalysts containing transition metals or transition metal compounds not otherwise specified | MNH |
| 16 08 04 | spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07) | MNH |
| 16 08 05* | spent catalysts containing phosphoric acid | AH
  B |
| 16 08 06* | spent liquids used as catalysts | AH |
| 16 08 07* | spent catalysts contaminated with hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 09 | oxidising substances | |
| 16 09 01* | permanganates, for example potassium permanganate | AH |
| 16 09 02* | chromates, for example potassium chromate, potassium or sodium dichromate | AH |
| 16 09 03* | peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide | AH |
| 16 09 04* | oxidising substances, not otherwise specified | AH |
| 16 10 | aqueous liquid wastes destined for off-site treatment | |
| 16 10 01* | aqueous liquid wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 10 02 | aqueous liquid wastes other than those mentioned in 16 10 01 | MNH |
| 16 10 03* | aqueous concentrates containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 10 04 | aqueous concentrates other than those mentioned in 16 10 03 | MNH |
| 16 11 | waste linings and refractories | |
| 16 11 01* | carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 11 02 | carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 01 | MNH |
| 16 11 03* | other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 11 04 | other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes other than those mentioned in 16 11 03 | MNH |
| 16 11 05* | linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 11 06 | linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 05 | MNH |
| 17 | CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES) | |
| 17 01 | concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics | |
| 17 01 01 | Concrete | MNH
  A |
| 17 01 02 | Bricks | MNH
  A |
| 17 01 03 | tiles and ceramics | MNH
  A |
| 17 01 06* | mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 01 07 | mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics other than those mentioned in 17 01 06 | MNH |
| 17 02 | wood, glass and plastic | |
| 17 02 01 | Wood | MNH |
| 17 02 02 | Glass | MNH |
| 17 02 03 | Plastic | MNH |
| 17 02 04* | glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 03 | bituminous mixtures, coal tar and tarred products | |
| 17 03 01* | bituminous mixtures containing coal tar | MH |
| 17 03 02 | bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01 | MNH |
| 17 03 03* | coal tar and tarred products | AH |
| 17 04 | metals (including their alloys) | |
| 17 04 01 | copper, bronze, brass | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 02 | Aluminium | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 03 | Lead | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 04 | Zinc | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 05 | iron and steel | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 06 | Tin | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 07 | mixed metals | MNH
  A |
| 17 04 09* | metal waste contaminated with hazardous substances | MH
  A |
| 17 04 10* | cables containing oil, coal tar and other hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 04 11 | cables other than those mentioned in 17 04 10 | MNH |
| 17 05 | soil (including excavated soil from contaminated sites), stones and dredging spoil | |
| 17 05 03* | soil and stones containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 05 04 | soil and stones other than those mentioned in 17 05 03 | MNH |
| 17 05 05* | dredging spoil containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 05 06 | dredging spoil other than those mentioned in 17 05 05 | MNH |
| 17 05 07* | track ballast containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 05 08 | track ballast other than those mentioned in 17 05 07 | MNH |
| 17 06 | insulation materials and asbestos-containing construction materials | |
| 17 06 01* | insulation materials containing asbestos | MH |
| 17 06 03* | other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 06 04 | insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03 | MNH |
| 17 06 05* | construction materials containing asbestos | AH
  B |
| 17 08 | gypsum-based construction material | |
| 17 08 01* | gypsum-based construction materials contaminated with hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 08 02 | gypsum-based construction materials other than those mentioned in 17 08 01 | MNH |
| 17 09 | other construction and demolition wastes | |
| 17 09 01* | construction and demolition wastes containing mercury | MH |
| 17 09 02* | construction and demolition wastes containing PCB (for example PCB-containing sealants, PCB-containing resin-based floorings, PCB-containing sealed glazing units, PCB-containing capacitors) | MH |
| 17 09 03* | other construction and demolition wastes (including mixed wastes) containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 09 04 | mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03 | MNH |
| 18 | WASTES FROM HUMAN OR ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND/OR RELATED RESEARCH (except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from immediate health care) | |
| 18 01 | wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease in humans | |
| 18 01 01 | sharps (except 18 01 03) | MNH
  B |
| 18 01 02 | body parts and organs including blood bags and blood preserves (except 18 01 03) | MNH
  B |
| 18 01 03* | wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MH
  B |
| 18 01 04 | wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection (for example dressings, plaster casts, linen, disposable clothing, diapers) | MNH
  B |
| 18 01 06* | chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 18 01 07 | chemicals other than those mentioned in 18 01 06 | MNH |
| 18 01 08* | cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines | MH
  B |
| 18 01 09 | medicines other than those mentioned in 18 01 08 | MNH
  B |
| 18 01 10* | amalgam waste from dental care | AH |
| 18 02 | wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals | |
| 18 02 01 | sharps (except 18 02 02) | MNH
  B |
| 18 02 02* | wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MH
  B |
| 18 02 03 | wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MNH
  B |
| 18 02 05* | chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 18 02 06 | chemicals other than those mentioned in 18 02 05 | MNH |
| 18 02 07* | cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines | MH
  B |
| 18 02 08 | medicines other than those mentioned in 18 02 07 | MNH
  B |
| 19 | WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE | |
| 19 01 | wastes from incineration or pyrolysis of waste | |
| 19 01 02 | ferrous materials removed from bottom ash | ANH |
| 19 01 05* | filter cake from gas treatment | AH |
| 19 01 06* | aqueous liquid wastes from gas treatment and other aqueous liquid wastes | AH |
| 19 01 07* | solid wastes from gas treatment | AH |
| 19 01 10* | spent activated carbon from flue-gas treatment | AH |
| 19 01 11* | bottom ash and slag containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 01 12 | bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11 | MNH |
| 19 01 13* | fly ash containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 01 14 | fly ash other than those mentioned in 19 01 13 | MNH |
| 19 01 15* | boiler dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 01 16 | boiler dust other than those mentioned in 19 01 15 | MNH |
| 19 01 17* | pyrolysis wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 01 18 | pyrolysis wastes other than those mentioned in 19 01 17 | MNH |
| 19 01 19 | sands from fluidised beds | ANH |
| 19 01 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 02 | wastes from physico/chemical treatments of waste (including dechromatation, decyanidation, neutralisation) | |
| 19 02 03 | premixed wastes composed only of non-hazardous wastes | ANH |
| 19 02 04* | premixed wastes composed of at least one hazardous waste | AH |
| 19 02 05* | sludges from physico/chemical treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 02 06 | sludges from physico/chemical treatment other than those mentioned in 19 02 05 | MNH |
| 19 02 07* | oil and concentrates from separation | AH |
| 19 02 08* | liquid combustible wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 02 09* | solid combustible wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 02 10 | combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09 | MNH |
| 19 02 11* | other wastes containing hazardous substances | AH
  B |
| 19 02 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 03 | stabilised/solidified wastes | |
| 19 03 04* | wastes marked as hazardous, partly stabilised other than 19 03 08 | MH
  B |
| 19 03 05 | stabilised wastes other than those mentioned in 19 03 04 | MNH
  B |
| 19 03 06* | wastes marked as hazardous, solidified | MH
  B |
| 19 03 07 | solidified wastes other than those mentioned in 19 03 06 | MNH
  B |
| 19 03 08* (5) | partly stabilised mercury | AH |
| 19 04 | vitrified waste and wastes from vitrification | |
| 19 04 01 | vitrified waste | ANH |
| 19 04 02* | fly ash and other flue-gas treatment wastes | AH |
| 19 04 03* | non-vitrified solid phase | AH |
| 19 04 04 | aqueous liquid wastes from vitrified waste tempering | ANH |
| 19 05 | wastes from aerobic treatment of solid wastes | |
| 19 05 01 | non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes | ANH |
| 19 05 02 | non-composted fraction of animal and vegetable waste | ANH |
| 19 05 03 | off-specification compost | ANH |
| 19 05 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 06 | wastes from anaerobic treatment of waste | |
| 19 06 03 | liquor from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste | ANH |
| 19 06 04 | digestate from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste | ANH |
| 19 06 05 | liquor from anaerobic treatment of animal and vegetable waste | ANH |
| 19 06 06 | digestate from anaerobic treatment of animal and vegetable waste | ANH |
| 19 06 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 07 | landfill leachate | |
| 19 07 02* | landfill leachate containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 07 03 | landfill leachate other than those mentioned in 19 07 02 | MNH |
| 19 08 | wastes from waste water treatment plants not otherwise specified | |
| 19 08 01 | Screenings | ANH |
| 19 08 02 | waste from desanding | ANH |
| 19 08 05 | sludges from treatment of urban waste water | ANH |
| 19 08 06* | saturated or spent ion exchange resins | AH |
| 19 08 07* | solutions and sludges from regeneration of ion exchangers | AH |
| 19 08 08* | membrane system waste containing heavy metals | MH |
| 19 08 09 | grease and oil mixture from oil/water separation containing only edible oil and fats | MNH
  B |
| 19 08 10* | grease and oil mixture from oil/water separation other than those mentioned in 19 08 09 | MH
  B |
| 19 08 11* | sludges containing hazardous substances from biological treatment of industrial waste water | MH |
| 19 08 12 | sludges from biological treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 11 | MNH |
| 19 08 13* | sludges containing hazardous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water | MH |
| 19 08 14 | sludges from other treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 13 | MNH |
| 19 08 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | MNH |
| 19 09 | wastes from the preparation of water intended for human consumption or water for industrial use | |
| 19 09 01 | solid waste from primary filtration and screenings | ANH |
| 19 09 02 | sludges from water clarification | ANH |
| 19 09 03 | sludges from decarbonation | ANH |
| 19 09 04 | spent activated carbon | ANH |
| 19 09 05 | saturated or spent ion exchange resins | ANH |
| 19 09 06 | solutions and sludges from regeneration of ion exchangers | ANH |
| 19 09 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 10 | wastes from shredding of metal-containing wastes | |
| 19 10 01 | iron and steel waste | ANH |
| 19 10 02 | non-ferrous waste | ANH |
| 19 10 03* | fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 10 04 | fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03 | MNH |
| 19 10 05* | other fractions containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 10 06 | other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05 | MNH |
| 19 11 | wastes from oil regeneration | |
| 19 11 01* | spent filter clays | AH |
| 19 11 02* | acid tars | AH |
| 19 11 03* | aqueous liquid wastes | AH |
| 19 11 04* | wastes from cleaning of fuel with bases | AH |
| 19 11 05* | sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 11 06 | sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 19 11 05 | MNH |
| 19 11 07* | wastes from flue-gas cleaning | AH |
| 19 11 99 | wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 19 12 | wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing, compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified | |
| 19 12 01 | paper and cardboard | ANH |
| 19 12 02 | ferrous metal | ANH |
| 19 12 03 | non-ferrous metal | ANH |
| 19 12 04 | plastic and rubber | ANH |
| 19 12 05 | Glass | ANH |
| 19 12 06* | wood containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 12 07 | wood other than that mentioned in 19 12 06 | MNH |
| 19 12 08 | Textiles | ANH |
| 19 12 09 | minerals (for example sand, stones) | ANH |
| 19 12 10 | combustible waste (refuse derived fuel) | ANH |
| 19 12 11* | other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 12 12 | other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11 | MNH |
| 19 13 | wastes from soil and groundwater remediation | |
| 19 13 01* | solid wastes from soil remediation containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 13 02 | solid wastes from soil remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 01 | MNH |
| 19 13 03* | sludges from soil remediation containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 13 04 | sludges from soil remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 03 | MNH |
| 19 13 05* | sludges from groundwater remediation containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 13 06 | sludges from groundwater remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 05 | MNH |
| 19 13 07* | aqueous liquid wastes and aqueous concentrates from groundwater remediation containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 13 08 | aqueous liquid wastes and aqueous concentrates from groundwater remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 07 | MNH |
| 20 | MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS | |
| 20 01 | separately collected fractions (except 15 01) | |
| 20 01 01 | paper and cardboard | ANH |
| 20 01 02 | Glass | ANH |
| 20 01 08 | biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste | ANH |
| 20 01 10 | Clothes | ANH |
| 20 01 11 | Textiles | ANH |
| 20 01 13* | Solvents | AH |
| 20 01 14* | Acids | AH |
| 20 01 15* | Alkalines | AH |
| 20 01 17* | Photochemicals | AH |
| 20 01 19* | Pesticides | AH |
| 20 01 21* | fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste | AH
  A |
| 20 01 23* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons | AH
  A |
| 20 01 25 | edible oil and fat | MNH
  B |
| 20 01 26* | oil and fat other than those mentioned in 20 01 25 | MH
  B |
| 20 01 27* | paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 20 01 28 | paint, inks, adhesives and resins other than those mentioned in 20 01 27 | MNH |
| 20 01 29* | detergents containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 20 01 30 | detergents other than those mentioned in 20 01 29 | MNH |
| 20 01 31* | cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines | MH |
| 20 01 32 | medicines other than those mentioned in 20 01 31 | MNH
  B |
| 20 01 33* | batteries and accumulators included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or 16 06 03 and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these batteries | MH
  B |
| 20 01 34 | batteries and accumulators other than those mentioned in 20 01 33 | MNH
  B |
| 20 01 35* | discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components (#) | MH
  B |
| 20 01 36 | discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21, 20 01 23 and 20 01 35 | MNH
  B |
| 20 01 37* | wood containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 20 01 38 | wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37 | MNH |
| 20 01 39 | Plastics | ANH |
| 20 01 40 | Metals | ANH |
| 20 01 41 | wastes from chimney sweeping | ANH |
| 20 01 99 | other fractions not otherwise specified | ANH |
| 20 02 | garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste) | |
| 20 02 01 | biodegradable waste | ANH |
| 20 02 02 | soil and stones | ANH |
| 20 02 03 | other non-biodegradable wastes | ANH |
| 20 03 | other municipal wastes | |
| 20 03 01 | mixed municipal waste | ANH |
| 20 03 02 | waste from markets | ANH |
| 20 03 03 | street-cleaning residues | ANH |
| 20 03 04 | septic tank sludge | ANH |
| 20 03 06 | waste from sewage cleaning | ANH |
| 20 03 07 | bulky waste | ANH |
| 20 03 99 | municipal wastes not otherwise specified | ANH |

CODE

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION

ENTRY TYPE

1

WASTES RESULTING FROM EXPLORATION, MINING, QUARRYING, AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MINERALS

01 01

wastes from mineral excavation

01 01 01

wastes from mineral metalliferous excavation

ANH

01 01 02

wastes from mineral non-metalliferous excavation

ANH

01 03

wastes from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals

01 03 04*

acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore

MH
  B

01 03 05*

other tailings containing hazardous substances

MH

01 03 06

tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05

MNH

01 03 07*

other wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of metalliferous minerals

MH

01 03 08

dusty and powdery wastes other than those mentioned in 01 03 07

MNH

01 03 09 (2)

red mud from alumina production other than the wastes mentioned in 01 03 10

MNH

01 03 10* (3)

red mud from alumina production containing hazardous substances other than the wastes mentioned in 01 03 07

MH
  A

01 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  C

01 04

wastes from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals

01 04 07*

wastes containing hazardous substances from physical and chemical processing of non-metalliferous minerals

MH

01 04 08

waste gravel and crushed rocks other than those mentioned in 01 04 07

MNH

01 04 09

waste sand and clays

ANH

01 04 10

dusty and powdery wastes other than those mentioned in 01 04 07

MNH

01 04 11

wastes from potash and rock salt processing other than those mentioned in 01 04 07

MNH

01 04 12

tailings and other wastes from washing and cleaning of minerals other than those mentioned in 01 04 07 and 01 04 11

MNH

01 04 13

wastes from stone cutting and sawing other than those mentioned in 01 04 07

MNH

01 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

01 05

drilling muds and other drilling wastes

01 05 04

freshwater drilling muds and wastes

ANH

01 05 05*

oil-containing drilling muds and wastes

MH
  B

01 05 06*

drilling muds and other drilling wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

01 05 07

barite-containing drilling muds and wastes other than those mentioned in 01 05 05 and 01 05 06

MNH

01 05 08

chloride-containing drilling muds and wastes other than those mentioned in 01 05 05 and 01 05 06

MNH

01 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

2

WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING

02 01

wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing

02 01 01

sludges from washing and cleaning

ANH

02 01 02

animal-tissue waste

ANH

02 01 03

plant-tissue waste

ANH

02 01 04

waste plastics (except packaging)

ANH

02 01 06

animal faeces, urine and manure (including spoiled straw), effluent, collected separately and treated off-site

ANH

02 01 07

wastes from forestry

ANH

02 01 08*

agrochemical waste containing hazardous substances

MH

02 01 09

agrochemical waste other than those mentioned in 02 01 08

MNH

02 01 10

waste metal

ANH

02 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 02

wastes from the preparation and processing of meat, fish and other foods of animal origin

02 02 01

sludges from washing and cleaning

ANH

02 02 02

animal-tissue waste

ANH

02 02 03

materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

ANH

02 02 04

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 03

wastes from fruit, vegetables, cereals, edible oils, cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco preparation and processing; conserve production; yeast and yeast extract production, molasses preparation and fermentation

02 03 01

sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation

ANH

02 03 02

wastes from preserving agents

ANH

02 03 03

wastes from solvent extraction

ANH

02 03 04

materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

ANH

02 03 05

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 04

wastes from sugar processing

02 04 01

soil from cleaning and washing beet

ANH

02 04 02

off-specification calcium carbonate

ANH

02 04 03

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 05

wastes from the dairy products industry

02 05 01

materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

ANH

02 05 02

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 06

wastes from the baking and confectionery industry

02 06 01

materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

ANH

02 06 02

wastes from preserving agents

ANH

02 06 03

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

02 07

wastes from the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages (except coffee, tea and cocoa)

02 07 01

wastes from washing, cleaning and mechanical reduction of raw materials

ANH

02 07 02

wastes from spirits distillation

ANH

02 07 03

wastes from chemical treatment

ANH

02 07 04

materials unsuitable for consumption or processing

ANH

02 07 05

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

02 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

3

WASTES FROM WOOD PROCESSING AND THE PRODUCTION OF PANELS AND FURNITURE, PULP, PAPER AND CARDBOARD

03 01

wastes from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture

03 01 01

waste bark and cork

ANH

03 01 04*

sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer containing hazardous substances

MH

03 01 05

sawdust, shavings, cuttings, wood, particle board and veneer other than those mentioned in 03 01 04

MNH

03 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

03 02

wastes from wood preservation

03 02 01*

non-halogenated organic wood preservatives

AH

03 02 02*

organochlorinated wood preservatives

AH

03 02 03*

organometallic wood preservatives

AH

03 02 04*

inorganic wood preservatives

AH

03 02 05*

other wood preservatives containing hazardous substances

AH
  B

03 02 99

wood preservatives not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

03 03

wastes from pulp, paper and cardboard production and processing

03 03 01

waste bark and wood

ANH

03 03 02

green liquor sludge (from recovery of cooking liquor)

ANH

03 03 05

de-inking sludges from paper recycling

ANH

03 03 07

mechanically separated rejects from pulping of waste paper and cardboard

ANH

03 03 08

wastes from sorting of paper and cardboard destined for recycling

ANH

03 03 09

lime mud waste

ANH

03 03 10

fibre rejects, fibre-, filler- and coating-sludges from mechanical separation

ANH

03 03 11

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 03 03 10

ANH

03 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

4

WASTES FROM THE LEATHER, FUR AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

04 01

wastes from the leather and fur industry

04 01 01

fleshings and lime split wastes

ANH

04 01 02

liming waste

ANH

04 01 03*

degreasing wastes containing solvents without a liquid phase

AH
  B

04 01 04

tanning liquor containing chromium

ANH

04 01 05

tanning liquor free of chromium

ANH

04 01 06

sludges, in particular from on-site effluent treatment containing chromium

ANH

04 01 07

sludges, in particular from on-site effluent treatment free of chromium

ANH

04 01 08

waste tanned leather (blue sheetings, shavings, cuttings, buffing dust) containing chromium

ANH

04 01 09

wastes from dressing and finishing

ANH

04 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

04 02

wastes from the textile industry

04 02 09

wastes from composite materials (impregnated textile, elastomer, plastomer)

ANH

04 02 10

organic matter from natural products (for example grease, wax)

ANH

04 02 14*

wastes from finishing containing organic solvents

MH

04 02 15

wastes from finishing other than those mentioned in 04 02 14

MNH

04 02 16*

dyestuffs and pigments containing hazardous substances

MH

04 02 17

dyestuffs and pigments other than those mentioned in 04 02 16

MNH

04 02 19*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

04 02 20

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 04 02 19

MNH

04 02 21

wastes from unprocessed textile fibres

ANH

04 02 22

wastes from processed textile fibres

ANH

04 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

5

WASTES FROM PETROLEUM REFINING, NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION AND PYROLYTIC TREATMENT OF COAL

05 01

wastes from petroleum refining

05 01 02*

desalter sludges

AH

05 01 03*

tank bottom sludges

AH

05 01 04*

acid alkyl sludges

AH

05 01 05*

oil spills

AH

05 01 06*

oily sludges from maintenance operations of the plant or equipment

AH

05 01 07*

acid tars

AH

05 01 08*

other tars

AH

05 01 09*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

05 01 10

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 05 01 09

MNH

05 01 11*

wastes from cleaning of fuels with bases

AH

05 01 12*

oil containing acids

AH

05 01 13

boiler feedwater sludges

ANH

05 01 14

wastes from cooling columns

ANH

05 01 15*

spent filter clays

AH

05 01 16

sulphur-containing wastes from petroleum desulphurisation

ANH

05 01 17

Bitumen

ANH

05 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

05 06

wastes from the pyrolytic treatment of coal

05 06 01*

acid tars

AH

05 06 03*

other tars

AH

05 06 04

waste from cooling columns

ANH

05 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

05 07

wastes from natural gas purification and transportation

05 07 01*

wastes containing mercury

AH
  B

05 07 02

wastes containing sulphur

ANH

05 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

6

WASTES FROM INORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES

06 01

wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of acids

06 01 01*

sulphuric acid and sulphurous acid

AH

06 01 02*

hydrochloric acid

AH

06 01 03*

hydrofluoric acid

AH

06 01 04*

phosphoric and phosphorous acid

AH

06 01 05*

nitric acid and nitrous acid

AH

06 01 06*

other acids

AH

06 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 02

wastes from the MFSU of bases

06 02 01*

calcium hydroxide

AH

06 02 03*

ammonium hydroxide

AH

06 02 04*

sodium and potassium hydroxide

AH

06 02 05*

other bases

AH

06 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 03

wastes from the MFSU of salts and their solutions and metallic oxides

06 03 11*

solid salts and solutions containing cyanides

MH

06 03 13*

solid salts and solutions containing heavy metals

MH

06 03 14

solid salts and solutions other than those mentioned in 06 03 11 and 06 03 13

MNH

06 03 15*

metallic oxides containing heavy metals

MH

06 03 16

metallic oxides other than those mentioned in 06 03 15

MNH

06 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 04

metal-containing wastes other than those mentioned in 06 03

06 04 03*

wastes containing arsenic

AH
  B

06 04 04*

wastes containing mercury

AH
  B

06 04 05*

wastes containing other heavy metals

AH
  B

06 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

06 05

sludges from on-site effluent treatment

06 05 02*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

06 05 03

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 06 05 02

MNH

06 06

wastes from the MFSU of sulphur chemicals, sulphur chemical processes and desulphurisation processes

06 06 02*

wastes containing hazardous sulphides

MH

06 06 03

wastes containing sulphides other than those mentioned in 06 06 02

MNH

06 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 07

wastes from the MFSU of halogens and halogen chemical processes

06 07 01*

wastes containing asbestos from electrolysis

AH
  B

06 07 02*

activated carbon from chlorine production

AH

06 07 03*

barium sulphate sludge containing mercury

AH
  B

06 07 04*

solutions and acids, for example contact acid

AH

06 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

06 08

wastes from the MFSU of silicon and silicon derivatives

06 08 02*

waste containing hazardous chlorosilanes

MH

06 08 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 09

wastes from the MSFU of phosphorous chemicals and phosphorous chemical processes

06 09 02

phosphorous slag

ANH

06 09 03*

calcium-based reaction wastes containing or contaminated with hazardous substances

MH

06 09 04

calcium-based reaction wastes other than those mentioned in 06 09 03

MNH

06 09 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 10

wastes from the MFSU of nitrogen chemicals, nitrogen chemical processes and fertiliser manufacture

06 10 02*

wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

06 10 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 11

wastes from the manufacture of inorganic pigments and opacificiers

06 11 01

calcium-based reaction wastes from titanium dioxide production

ANH

06 11 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

06 13

wastes from inorganic chemical processes not otherwise specified

06 13 01*

inorganic plant protection products, wood-preserving agents and other biocides.

AH

06 13 02*

spent activated carbon (except 06 07 02)

AH

06 13 03

carbon black

ANH

06 13 04*

wastes from asbestos processing

AH

06 13 05*

Soot

AH

06 13 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

7

WASTES FROM ORGANIC CHEMICAL PROCESSES

07 01

wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of basic organic chemicals

07 01 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 01 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 01 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 01 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 01 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 01 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 01 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 01 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 01 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 01 11

MNH

07 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 02

wastes from the MFSU of plastics, synthetic rubber and man-made fibres

07 02 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 02 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 02 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 02 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 02 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 02 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 02 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 02 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 02 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 02 11

MNH

07 02 13

waste plastic

ANH

07 02 14*

wastes from additives containing hazardous substances

MH

07 02 15

wastes from additives other than those mentioned in 07 02 14

MNH

07 02 16*

waste containing hazardous silicones

MH

07 02 17

waste containing silicones other than those mentioned in 07 02 16

MNH

07 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 03

wastes from the MFSU of organic dyes and pigments (except 06 11)

07 03 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 03 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 03 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 03 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 03 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 03 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 03 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 03 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 03 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 03 11

MNH

07 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 04

wastes from the MFSU of organic plant protection products (except 02 01 08 and 02 01 09), wood preserving agents (except 03 02) and other biocides

07 04 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 04 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 04 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 04 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 04 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 04 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 04 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 04 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 04 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 04 11

MNH

07 04 13*

solid wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

07 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 05

wastes from the MFSU of pharmaceuticals

07 05 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 05 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 05 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 05 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 05 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 05 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 05 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 05 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 05 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 05 11

MNH

07 05 13*

solid wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

07 05 14

solid wastes other than those mentioned in 07 05 13

MNH

07 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 06

wastes from the MFSU of fats, grease, soaps, detergents, disinfectants and cosmetics

07 06 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 06 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 06 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 06 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 06 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 06 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 06 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 06 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 06 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 06 11

MNH

07 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

07 07

wastes from the MFSU of fine chemicals and chemical products not otherwise specified

07 07 01*

aqueous washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 07 03*

organic halogenated solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 07 04*

other organic solvents, washing liquids and mother liquors

AH

07 07 07*

halogenated still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 07 08*

other still bottoms and reaction residues

AH

07 07 09*

halogenated filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 07 10*

other filter cakes and spent absorbents

AH

07 07 11*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

07 07 12

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 07 07 11

MNH

07 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

8

WASTES FROM THE MANUFACTURE, FORMULATION, SUPPLY AND USE (MFSU) OF COATINGS (PAINTS, VARNISHES AND VITREOUS ENAMELS), ADHESIVES, SEALANTS AND PRINTING INKS

08 01

wastes from MFSU and removal of paint and varnish

08 01 11*

waste paint and varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 01 12

waste paint and varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 11

MNH

08 01 13*

sludges from paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 01 14

sludges from paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 13

MNH

08 01 15*

aqueous sludges containing paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 01 16

aqueous sludges containing paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 15

MNH

08 01 17*

wastes from paint or varnish removal containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 01 18

wastes from paint or varnish removal other than those mentioned in 08 01 17

MNH

08 01 19*

aqueous suspensions containing paint or varnish containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 01 20

aqueous suspensions containing paint or varnish other than those mentioned in 08 01 19

MNH

08 01 21*

waste paint or varnish remover

AH

08 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

08 02

wastes from MFSU of other coatings (including ceramic materials)

08 02 01

waste coating powders

ANH

08 02 02

aqueous sludges containing ceramic materials

ANH

08 02 03

aqueous suspensions containing ceramic materials

ANH

08 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

08 03

wastes from MFSU of printing inks

08 03 07

aqueous sludges containing ink

ANH

08 03 08

aqueous liquid waste containing ink

ANH

08 03 12*

waste ink containing hazardous substances

MH

08 03 13

waste ink other than those mentioned in 08 03 12

MNH

08 03 14*

ink sludges containing hazardous substances

MH

08 03 15

ink sludges other than those mentioned in 08 03 14

MNH

08 03 16*

waste etching solutions

AH

08 03 17*

waste printing toner containing hazardous substances

MH

08 03 18

waste printing toner other than those mentioned in 08 03 17

MNH

08 03 19*

disperse oil

AH

08 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

08 04

wastes from MFSU of adhesives and sealants (including waterproofing products)

08 04 09*

waste adhesives and sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 04 10

waste adhesives and sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 09

MNH

08 04 11*

adhesive and sealant sludges containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 04 12

adhesive and sealant sludges other than those mentioned in 08 04 11

MNH

08 04 13*

aqueous sludges containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 04 14

aqueous sludges containing adhesives or sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 13

MNH

08 04 15*

aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants containing organic solvents or other hazardous substances

MH

08 04 16

aqueous liquid waste containing adhesives or sealants other than those mentioned in 08 04 15

MNH

08 04 17*

rosin oil

AH

08 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

08 05

wastes not otherwise specified in 08

08 05 01*

waste isocyanates

AH

9

WASTES FROM THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRY

09 01

wastes from the photographic industry

09 01 01*

water-based developer and activator solutions

AH

09 01 02*

water-based offset plate developer solutions

AH

09 01 03*

solvent-based developer solutions

AH

09 01 04*

fixer solutions

AH

09 01 05*

bleach solutions and bleach fixer solutions

AH

09 01 06*

wastes containing silver from on-site treatment of photographic wastes

AH
  B

09 01 07

photographic film and paper containing silver or silver compounds

ANH

09 01 08

photographic film and paper free of silver or silver compounds

ANH

09 01 10

single-use cameras without batteries

ANH

09 01 11*

single-use cameras containing batteries included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or 16 06 03

MH
  B

09 01 12

single-use cameras containing batteries other than those mentioned in 09 01 11

MNH

09 01 13*

aqueous liquid waste from on-site reclamation of silver other than those mentioned in 09 01 06

AH

09 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10

WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES

10 01

wastes from power stations and other combustion plants (except 19)

10 01 01

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust (excluding boiler dust mentioned in 10 01 04)

ANH

10 01 02

coal fly ash

ANH

10 01 03

fly ash from peat and untreated wood

ANH

10 01 04*

oil fly ash and boiler dust

AH

10 01 05

calcium-based reaction wastes from flue-gas desulphurisation in solid form

ANH

10 01 07

calcium-based reaction wastes from flue-gas desulphurisation in sludge form

ANH

10 01 09*

sulphuric acid

AH

10 01 13*

fly ash from emulsified hydrocarbons used as fuel

AH

10 01 14*

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration containing hazardous substances

MH

10 01 15

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14

MNH

10 01 16*

fly ash from co-incineration containing hazardous substances

MH

10 01 17

fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16

MNH

10 01 18*

wastes from gas cleaning containing hazardous substances

MH

10 01 19

wastes from gas cleaning other than those mentioned in 10 01 05, 10 01 07 and 10 01 18

MNH

10 01 20*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 01 21

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 10 01 20

MNH

10 01 22*

aqueous sludges from boiler cleansing containing hazardous substances

MH

10 01 23

aqueous sludges from boiler cleansing other than those mentioned in 10 01 22

MNH

10 01 24

sands from fluidised beds

ANH

10 01 25

wastes from fuel storage and preparation of coal-fired power plants

ANH

10 01 26

wastes from cooling-water treatment

ANH

10 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 02

wastes from the iron and steel industry

10 02 01

wastes from the processing of slag

ANH

10 02 02

unprocessed slag

ANH

10 02 07*

solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 02 08

solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 07

MNH

10 02 10

mill scales

ANH

10 02 11*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 02 12

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 11

MNH

10 02 13*

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 02 14

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 02 13

MNH

10 02 15

other sludges and filter cakes

MNH
  A

10 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 03

wastes from aluminium thermal metallurgy

10 03 02

anode scraps

ANH

10 03 04*

primary production slags

AH

10 03 05

waste alumina

ANH

10 03 08*

salt slags from secondary production

AH

10 03 09*

black drosses from secondary production

AH

10 03 15*

skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities

MH
  B

10 03 16

skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 03 15

MNH
  B

10 03 17*

tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture

MH
  B

10 03 18

carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 03 17

MNH
  B

10 03 19*

flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances

MH

10 03 20

flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 03 19

MNH

10 03 21*

other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) containing hazardous substances

MH

10 03 22

other particulates and dust (including ball-mill dust) other than those mentioned in 10 03 21

MNH

10 03 23*

solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 03 24

solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 23

MNH

10 03 25*

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 03 26

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 25

MNH

10 03 27*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 03 28

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 03 27

MNH

10 03 29*

wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses containing hazardous substances

MH

10 03 30

wastes from treatment of salt slags and black drosses other than those mentioned in 10 03 29

MNH

10 03 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 04

wastes from lead thermal metallurgy

10 04 01*

slags from primary and secondary production

AH

10 04 02*

dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production

AH

10 04 03*

calcium arsenate

AH

10 04 04*

flue-gas dust

AH

10 04 05*

other particulates and dust

AH

10 04 06*

solid wastes from gas treatment

AH

10 04 07*

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

AH

10 04 09*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 04 10

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 04 09

MNH

10 04 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 05

wastes from zinc thermal metallurgy

10 05 01

slags from primary and secondary production

ANH

10 05 03*

flue-gas dust

AH

10 05 04

other particulates and dust

ANH

10 05 05*

solid waste from gas treatment

AH

10 05 06*

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

AH

10 05 08*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 05 09

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 05 08

MNH

10 05 10*

dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities

MH
  B

10 05 11

dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 05 10

MNH
  B

10 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 06

wastes from copper thermal metallurgy

10 06 01

slags from primary and secondary production

ANH

10 06 02

dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production

ANH

10 06 03*

flue-gas dust

AH

10 06 04

other particulates and dust

ANH

10 06 06*

solid wastes from gas treatment

AH

10 06 07*

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

AH

10 06 09*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 06 10

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 06 09

MNH

10 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 07

wastes from silver, gold and platinum thermal metallurgy

10 07 01

slags from primary and secondary production

ANH

10 07 02

dross and skimmings from primary and secondary production

ANH

10 07 03

solid wastes from gas treatment

ANH

10 07 04

other particulates and dust

ANH

10 07 05

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

ANH

10 07 07*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 07 08

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 07 07

MNH

10 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 08

wastes from other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy

10 08 04

particulates and dust

ANH

10 08 08*

salt slag from primary and secondary production

AH

10 08 09

other slags

ANH

10 08 10*

dross and skimmings that are flammable or emit, upon contact with water, flammable gases in hazardous quantities

MH
  B

10 08 11

dross and skimmings other than those mentioned in 10 08 10

MNH
  B

10 08 12*

tar-containing wastes from anode manufacture

MH
  B

10 08 13

carbon-containing wastes from anode manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 08 12

MNH
  B

10 08 14

anode scrap

ANH

10 08 15*

flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances

MH

10 08 16

flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 08 15

MNH

10 08 17*

sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 08 18

sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 17

MNH

10 08 19*

wastes from cooling-water treatment containing oil

MH

10 08 20

wastes from cooling-water treatment other than those mentioned in 10 08 19

MNH

10 08 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 09

wastes from casting of ferrous pieces

10 09 03

furnace slag

ANH

10 09 05*

casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 06

casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 05

MNH

10 09 07*

casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 08

casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring other than those mentioned in 10 09 07

MNH

10 09 09*

flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 10

flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 09 09

MNH

10 09 11*

other particulates containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 12

other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 09 11

MNH

10 09 13*

waste binders containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 14

waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 09 13

MNH

10 09 15*

waste crack-indicating agent containing hazardous substances

MH

10 09 16

waste crack-indicating agent other than those mentioned in 10 09 15

MNH

10 09 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 10

wastes from casting of non-ferrous pieces

10 10 03

furnace slag

ANH

10 10 05*

casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 06

casting cores and moulds which have not undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 05

MNH

10 10 07*

casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 08

casting cores and moulds which have undergone pouring, other than those mentioned in 10 10 07

MNH

10 10 09*

flue-gas dust containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 10

flue-gas dust other than those mentioned in 10 10 09

MNH

10 10 11*

other particulates containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 12

other particulates other than those mentioned in 10 10 11

MNH

10 10 13*

waste binders containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 14

waste binders other than those mentioned in 10 10 13

MNH

10 10 15*

waste crack-indicating agent containing hazardous substances

MH

10 10 16

waste crack-indicating agent other than those mentioned in 10 10 15

MNH

10 10 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 11

wastes from manufacture of glass and glass products

10 11 03

waste glass-based fibrous materials

ANH

10 11 05

particulates and dust

ANH

10 11 09*

waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, containing hazardous substances

MH

10 11 10

waste preparation mixture before thermal processing, other than those mentioned in 10 11 09

MNH

10 11 11*

waste glass in small particles and glass powder containing heavy metals (for example from cathode ray tubes)

MH

10 11 12

waste glass other than those mentioned in 10 11 11

MNH

10 11 13*

glass-polishing and -grinding sludge containing hazardous substances

MH

10 11 14

glass-polishing and -grinding sludge other than those mentioned in 10 11 13

MNH

10 11 15*

solid wastes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 11 16

solid wastes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 15

MNH

10 11 17*

sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 11 18

sludges and filter cakes from flue-gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 17

MNH

10 11 19*

solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 11 20

solid wastes from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 10 11 19

MNH

10 11 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 12

wastes from manufacture of ceramic goods, bricks, tiles and construction products

10 12 01

waste preparation mixture before thermal processing

ANH

10 12 03

particulates and dust

ANH

10 12 05

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

ANH

10 12 06

discarded moulds

ANH

10 12 08

waste ceramics, bricks, tiles and construction products (after thermal processing)

ANH

10 12 09*

solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 12 10

solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 12 09

MNH

10 12 11*

wastes from glazing containing heavy metals

MH

10 12 12

wastes from glazing other than those mentioned in 10 12 11

MNH

10 12 13

sludge from on-site effluent treatment

ANH

10 12 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 13

wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them

10 13 01

waste preparation mixture before thermal processing

ANH

10 13 04

wastes from calcination and hydration of lime

ANH

10 13 06

particulates and dust (except 10 13 12 and 10 13 13)

MNH

10 13 07

sludges and filter cakes from gas treatment

ANH

10 13 09*

wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos

MH

10 13 10

wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 13 09

MNH

10 13 11

wastes from cement-based composite materials other than those mentioned in 10 13 09 and 10 13 10

MNH

10 13 12*

solid wastes from gas treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

10 13 13

solid wastes from gas treatment other than those mentioned in 10 13 12

MNH

10 13 14

waste concrete and concrete sludge

ANH

10 13 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

10 14

waste from crematoria

10 14 01*

waste from gas cleaning containing mercury

AH
  B

11

WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT AND COATING OF METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS; NON-FERROUS HYDRO-METALLURGY

11 01

wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials (for example galvanic processes, zinc coating processes, pickling processes, etching, phosphating, alkaline degreasing, anodising)

11 01 05*

pickling acids

AH

11 01 06*

acids not otherwise specified

AH

11 01 07*

pickling bases

AH

11 01 08*

phosphatising sludges

AH

11 01 09*

sludges and filter cakes containing hazardous substances

MH

11 01 10

sludges and filter cakes other than those mentioned in 11 01 09

MNH

11 01 11*

aqueous rinsing liquids containing hazardous substances

MH

11 01 12

aqueous rinsing liquids other than those mentioned in 11 01 11

MNH

11 01 13*

degreasing wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

11 01 14

degreasing wastes other than those mentioned in 11 01 13

MNH

11 01 15*

eluate and sludges from membrane systems or ion exchange systems containing hazardous substances

AH
  B

11 01 16*

saturated or spent ion exchange resins

AH

11 01 98*

other wastes containing hazardous substances

MH
  A

11 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

11 02

wastes from non-ferrous hydrometallurgical processes

11 02 02*

sludges from zinc hydrometallurgy (including jarosite, goethite)

AH

11 02 03

wastes from the production of anodes for aqueous electrolytical processes

ANH

11 02 05*

wastes from copper hydrometallurgical processes containing hazardous substances

MH

11 02 06

wastes from copper hydrometallurgical processes other than those mentioned in 11 02 05

MNH

11 02 07*

other wastes containing hazardous substances

MH
  A

11 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

11 03

sludges and solids from tempering processes

11 03 01*

wastes containing cyanide

AH
  B

11 03 02*

other wastes

AH

11 05

wastes from hot galvanising processes

11 05 01

hard zinc

ANH

11 05 02

zinc ash

ANH

11 05 03*

solid wastes from gas treatment

AH

11 05 04*

spent flux

AH

11 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

12

WASTES FROM SHAPING AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS AND PLASTICS

12 01

wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastics

12 01 01

ferrous metal filings and turnings

ANH

12 01 02

ferrous metal dust and particles

ANH

12 01 03

non-ferrous metal filings and turnings

ANH

12 01 04

non-ferrous metal dust and particles

ANH

12 01 05

plastics shavings and turnings

ANH

12 01 06*

mineral-based machining oils containing halogens (except emulsions and solutions)

AH

12 01 07*

mineral-based machining oils free of halogens (except emulsions and solutions)

AH

12 01 08*

machining emulsions and solutions containing halogens

AH

12 01 09*

machining emulsions and solutions free of halogens

AH

12 01 10*

synthetic machining oils

AH

12 01 12*

spent waxes and fats

AH

12 01 13

welding wastes

ANH

12 01 14*

machining sludges containing hazardous substances

MH

12 01 15

machining sludges other than those mentioned in 12 01 14

MNH

12 01 16*

waste blasting material containing hazardous substances

MH

12 01 17

waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16

MNH

12 01 18*

metal sludge (grinding, honing and lapping sludge) containing oil

AH
  B

12 01 19*

readily biodegradable machining oil

AH

12 01 20*

spent grinding bodies and grinding materials containing hazardous substances

MH

12 01 21

spent grinding bodies and grinding materials other than those mentioned in 12 01 20

MNH

12 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

12 03

wastes from water and steam degreasing processes (except 11)

12 03 01*

aqueous washing liquids

AH

12 03 02*

steam degreasing wastes

AH

13

OIL WASTES AND WASTES OF LIQUID FUELS (except edible oils, and those in chapters 05, 12 and 19)

13 01

waste hydraulic oils

13 01 01*

hydraulic oils, containing PCBs

AH
  B

13 01 04*

chlorinated emulsions

AH

13 01 05*

non-chlorinated emulsions

AH

13 01 09*

mineral-based chlorinated hydraulic oils

AH

13 01 10*

mineral based non-chlorinated hydraulic oils

AH

13 01 11*

synthetic hydraulic oils

AH

13 01 12*

readily biodegradable hydraulic oils

AH

13 01 13*

other hydraulic oils

AH

13 02

waste engine, gear and lubricating oils

13 02 04*

mineral-based chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils

AH

13 02 05*

mineral-based non-chlorinated engine, gear and lubricating oils

AH

13 02 06*

synthetic engine, gear and lubricating oils

AH

13 02 07*

readily biodegradable engine, gear and lubricating oils

AH

13 02 08*

other engine, gear and lubricating oils

AH

13 03

waste insulating and heat transmission oils

13 03 01*

insulating or heat transmission oils containing PCBs

AH
  B

13 03 06*

mineral-based chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils other than those mentioned in 13 03 01

AH

13 03 07*

mineral-based non-chlorinated insulating and heat transmission oils

AH

13 03 08*

synthetic insulating and heat transmission oils

AH

13 03 09*

readily biodegradable insulating and heat transmission oils

AH

13 03 10*

other insulating and heat transmission oils

AH

13 04

bilge oils

13 04 01*

bilge oils from inland navigation

AH

13 04 02*

bilge oils from jetty sewers

AH

13 04 03*

bilge oils from other navigation

AH

13 05

oil/water separator contents

13 05 01*

solids from grit chambers and oil/water separators

AH

13 05 02*

sludges from oil/water separators

AH

13 05 03*

interceptor sludges

AH

13 05 06*

oil from oil/water separators

AH

13 05 07*

oily water from oil/water separators

AH

13 05 08*

mixtures of wastes from grit chambers and oil/water separators

AH

13 07

wastes of liquid fuels

13 07 01*

fuel oil and diesel

AH

13 07 02*

Petrol

AH

13 07 03*

other fuels (including mixtures)

AH

13 08

oil wastes not otherwise specified

13 08 01*

desalter sludges or emulsions

AH

13 08 02*

other emulsions

AH

13 08 99*

wastes not otherwise specified

AH

14

WASTE ORGANIC SOLVENTS, REFRIGERANTS AND PROPELLANTS (except 07 and 08)

14 06

waste organic solvents, refrigerants and foam/aerosol propellants

14 06 01*

chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

AH

14 06 02*

other halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures

AH

14 06 03*

other solvents and solvent mixtures

AH

14 06 04*

sludges or solid wastes containing halogenated solvents

AH
  B

14 06 05*

sludges or solid wastes containing other solvents

AH
  B

15

WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

15 01

packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)

15 01 01

paper and cardboard packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 02

plastic packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 03

wooden packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 04

metallic packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 05

composite packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 06

mixed packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 07

glass packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 09

textile packaging

MNH
  B

15 01 10*

packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances

MH
  B

15 01 11*

metallic packaging containing a hazardous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers

MH
  B

15 02

absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing

15 02 02*

absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by hazardous substances

MH

15 02 03

absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing other than those mentioned in 15 02 02

MNH

16

WASTES NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE LIST

16 01

end-of-life vehicles from different means of transport (including off-road machinery) and wastes from dismantling of end-of-life vehicles and vehicle maintenance (except 13, 14, 16 06 and 16 08)

16 01 03

end-of-life tyres

ANH

16 01 04*

end-of-life vehicles

AH
  A

16 01 06

end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components

ANH
  A

16 01 07*

oil filters

AH

16 01 08*

components containing mercury

MH
  A

16 01 09*

components containing PCBs

MH
  A

16 01 10*

explosive components (for example air bags)

AH

16 01 11*

brake pads containing asbestos

MH

16 01 12

brake pads other than those mentioned in 16 01 11

MNH

16 01 13*

brake fluids

AH

16 01 14*

antifreeze fluids containing hazardous substances

MH

16 01 15

antifreeze fluids other than those mentioned in 16 01 14

MNH

16 01 16

tanks for liquefied gas

ANH

16 01 17

ferrous metal

ANH

16 01 18

non-ferrous metal

ANH

16 01 19

Plastic

ANH

16 01 20

Glass

ANH

16 01 21*

hazardous components other than those mentioned in 16 01 07 to 16 01 11 and 16 01 13 and 16 01 14

AH

16 01 22

components not otherwise specified

MNH

16 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

16 02

wastes from electrical and electronic equipment

16 02 09*

transformers and capacitors containing PCBs

MH
  B

16 02 10*

discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned in 16 02 09

MH
  B

16 02 11*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

MH
  B

16 02 12*

discarded equipment containing free asbestos

MH
  B

16 02 13*

discarded equipment containing hazardous components (#) other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 12

MH
  B

16 02 14

discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13

MNH
  B

16 02 15*

hazardous components removed from discarded equipment

MH
  B

16 02 16

components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15

MNH
  B

16 03

off-specification batches and unused products

16 03 03*

inorganic wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 03 04

inorganic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 03

MNH

16 03 05*

organic wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 03 06

organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05

MNH

16 03 07* (4)

metallic mercury

AH

16 04

waste explosives

16 04 01*

waste ammunition

AH

16 04 02*

fireworks wastes

AH

16 04 03*

other waste explosives

AH

16 05

gases in pressure containers and discarded chemicals

16 05 04*

gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing hazardous substances

MH

16 05 05

gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04

MNH

16 05 06*

laboratory chemicals, consisting of or containing hazardous substances, including mixtures of laboratory chemicals

MH

16 05 07*

discarded inorganic chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

16 05 08*

discarded organic chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

16 05 09

discarded chemicals other than those mentioned in 16 05 06, 16 05 07 or 16 05 08

MNH

16 06

batteries and accumulators

16 06 01*

lead batteries

AH

16 06 02*

Ni-Cd batteries

AH

16 06 03*

mercury-containing batteries

AH

16 06 04

alkaline batteries (except 16 06 03)

ANH

16 06 05

other batteries and accumulators

ANH

16 06 06*

separately collected electrolyte from batteries and accumulators

AH

16 07

wastes from transport tank, storage tank and barrel cleaning (except 05 and 13)

16 07 08*

wastes containing oil

AH
  B

16 07 09*

wastes containing other hazardous substances

AH
  B

16 07 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH
  B

16 08

spent catalysts

16 08 01

spent catalysts containing gold, silver, rhenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium or platinum (except 16 08 07)

MNH

16 08 02*

spent catalysts containing hazardous transition metals or hazardous transition metal compounds

MH

16 08 03

spent catalysts containing transition metals or transition metal compounds not otherwise specified

MNH

16 08 04

spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (except 16 08 07)

MNH

16 08 05*

spent catalysts containing phosphoric acid

AH
  B

16 08 06*

spent liquids used as catalysts

AH

16 08 07*

spent catalysts contaminated with hazardous substances

MH

16 09

oxidising substances

16 09 01*

permanganates, for example potassium permanganate

AH

16 09 02*

chromates, for example potassium chromate, potassium or sodium dichromate

AH

16 09 03*

peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide

AH

16 09 04*

oxidising substances, not otherwise specified

AH

16 10

aqueous liquid wastes destined for off-site treatment

16 10 01*

aqueous liquid wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 10 02

aqueous liquid wastes other than those mentioned in 16 10 01

MNH

16 10 03*

aqueous concentrates containing hazardous substances

MH

16 10 04

aqueous concentrates other than those mentioned in 16 10 03

MNH

16 11

waste linings and refractories

16 11 01*

carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 11 02

carbon-based linings and refractories from metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 01

MNH

16 11 03*

other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 11 04

other linings and refractories from metallurgical processes other than those mentioned in 16 11 03

MNH

16 11 05*

linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 11 06

linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes others than those mentioned in 16 11 05

MNH

17

CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTES (INCLUDING EXCAVATED SOIL FROM CONTAMINATED SITES)

17 01

concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics

17 01 01

Concrete

MNH
  A

17 01 02

Bricks

MNH
  A

17 01 03

tiles and ceramics

MNH
  A

17 01 06*

mixtures of, or separate fractions of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics containing hazardous substances

MH

17 01 07

mixtures of concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics other than those mentioned in 17 01 06

MNH

17 02

wood, glass and plastic

17 02 01

Wood

MNH

17 02 02

Glass

MNH

17 02 03

Plastic

MNH

17 02 04*

glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with hazardous substances

MH

17 03

bituminous mixtures, coal tar and tarred products

17 03 01*

bituminous mixtures containing coal tar

MH

17 03 02

bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01

MNH

17 03 03*

coal tar and tarred products

AH

17 04

metals (including their alloys)

17 04 01

copper, bronze, brass

MNH
  A

17 04 02

Aluminium

MNH
  A

17 04 03

Lead

MNH
  A

17 04 04

Zinc

MNH
  A

17 04 05

iron and steel

MNH
  A

17 04 06

Tin

MNH
  A

17 04 07

mixed metals

MNH
  A

17 04 09*

metal waste contaminated with hazardous substances

MH
  A

17 04 10*

cables containing oil, coal tar and other hazardous substances

MH

17 04 11

cables other than those mentioned in 17 04 10

MNH

17 05

soil (including excavated soil from contaminated sites), stones and dredging spoil

17 05 03*

soil and stones containing hazardous substances

MH

17 05 04

soil and stones other than those mentioned in 17 05 03

MNH

17 05 05*

dredging spoil containing hazardous substances

MH

17 05 06

dredging spoil other than those mentioned in 17 05 05

MNH

17 05 07*

track ballast containing hazardous substances

MH

17 05 08

track ballast other than those mentioned in 17 05 07

MNH

17 06

insulation materials and asbestos-containing construction materials

17 06 01*

insulation materials containing asbestos

MH

17 06 03*

other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

17 06 04

insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03

MNH

17 06 05*

construction materials containing asbestos

AH
  B

17 08

gypsum-based construction material

17 08 01*

gypsum-based construction materials contaminated with hazardous substances

MH

17 08 02

gypsum-based construction materials other than those mentioned in 17 08 01

MNH

17 09

other construction and demolition wastes

17 09 01*

construction and demolition wastes containing mercury

MH

17 09 02*

construction and demolition wastes containing PCB (for example PCB-containing sealants, PCB-containing resin-based floorings, PCB-containing sealed glazing units, PCB-containing capacitors)

MH

17 09 03*

other construction and demolition wastes (including mixed wastes) containing hazardous substances

MH

17 09 04

mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03

MNH

18

WASTES FROM HUMAN OR ANIMAL HEALTH CARE AND/OR RELATED RESEARCH (except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising from immediate health care)

18 01

wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease in humans

18 01 01

sharps (except 18 01 03)

MNH
  B

18 01 02

body parts and organs including blood bags and blood preserves (except 18 01 03)

MNH
  B

18 01 03*

wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MH
  B

18 01 04

wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection (for example dressings, plaster casts, linen, disposable clothing, diapers)

MNH
  B

18 01 06*

chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

18 01 07

chemicals other than those mentioned in 18 01 06

MNH

18 01 08*

cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines

MH
  B

18 01 09

medicines other than those mentioned in 18 01 08

MNH
  B

18 01 10*

amalgam waste from dental care

AH

18 02

wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals

18 02 01

sharps (except 18 02 02)

MNH
  B

18 02 02*

wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MH
  B

18 02 03

wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MNH
  B

18 02 05*

chemicals consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

18 02 06

chemicals other than those mentioned in 18 02 05

MNH

18 02 07*

cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines

MH
  B

18 02 08

medicines other than those mentioned in 18 02 07

MNH
  B

19

WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE

19 01

wastes from incineration or pyrolysis of waste

19 01 02

ferrous materials removed from bottom ash

ANH

19 01 05*

filter cake from gas treatment

AH

19 01 06*

aqueous liquid wastes from gas treatment and other aqueous liquid wastes

AH

19 01 07*

solid wastes from gas treatment

AH

19 01 10*

spent activated carbon from flue-gas treatment

AH

19 01 11*

bottom ash and slag containing hazardous substances

MH

19 01 12

bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11

MNH

19 01 13*

fly ash containing hazardous substances

MH

19 01 14

fly ash other than those mentioned in 19 01 13

MNH

19 01 15*

boiler dust containing hazardous substances

MH

19 01 16

boiler dust other than those mentioned in 19 01 15

MNH

19 01 17*

pyrolysis wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

19 01 18

pyrolysis wastes other than those mentioned in 19 01 17

MNH

19 01 19

sands from fluidised beds

ANH

19 01 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 02

wastes from physico/chemical treatments of waste (including dechromatation, decyanidation, neutralisation)

19 02 03

premixed wastes composed only of non-hazardous wastes

ANH

19 02 04*

premixed wastes composed of at least one hazardous waste

AH

19 02 05*

sludges from physico/chemical treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

19 02 06

sludges from physico/chemical treatment other than those mentioned in 19 02 05

MNH

19 02 07*

oil and concentrates from separation

AH

19 02 08*

liquid combustible wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

19 02 09*

solid combustible wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

19 02 10

combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19 02 09

MNH

19 02 11*

other wastes containing hazardous substances

AH
  B

19 02 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 03

stabilised/solidified wastes

19 03 04*

wastes marked as hazardous, partly stabilised other than 19 03 08

MH
  B

19 03 05

stabilised wastes other than those mentioned in 19 03 04

MNH
  B

19 03 06*

wastes marked as hazardous, solidified

MH
  B

19 03 07

solidified wastes other than those mentioned in 19 03 06

MNH
  B

19 03 08* (5)

partly stabilised mercury

AH

19 04

vitrified waste and wastes from vitrification

19 04 01

vitrified waste

ANH

19 04 02*

fly ash and other flue-gas treatment wastes

AH

19 04 03*

non-vitrified solid phase

AH

19 04 04

aqueous liquid wastes from vitrified waste tempering

ANH

19 05

wastes from aerobic treatment of solid wastes

19 05 01

non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes

ANH

19 05 02

non-composted fraction of animal and vegetable waste

ANH

19 05 03

off-specification compost

ANH

19 05 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 06

wastes from anaerobic treatment of waste

19 06 03

liquor from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste

ANH

19 06 04

digestate from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste

ANH

19 06 05

liquor from anaerobic treatment of animal and vegetable waste

ANH

19 06 06

digestate from anaerobic treatment of animal and vegetable waste

ANH

19 06 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 07

landfill leachate

19 07 02*

landfill leachate containing hazardous substances

MH

19 07 03

landfill leachate other than those mentioned in 19 07 02

MNH

19 08

wastes from waste water treatment plants not otherwise specified

19 08 01

Screenings

ANH

19 08 02

waste from desanding

ANH

19 08 05

sludges from treatment of urban waste water

ANH

19 08 06*

saturated or spent ion exchange resins

AH

19 08 07*

solutions and sludges from regeneration of ion exchangers

AH

19 08 08*

membrane system waste containing heavy metals

MH

19 08 09

grease and oil mixture from oil/water separation containing only edible oil and fats

MNH
  B

19 08 10*

grease and oil mixture from oil/water separation other than those mentioned in 19 08 09

MH
  B

19 08 11*

sludges containing hazardous substances from biological treatment of industrial waste water

MH

19 08 12

sludges from biological treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 11

MNH

19 08 13*

sludges containing hazardous substances from other treatment of industrial waste water

MH

19 08 14

sludges from other treatment of industrial waste water other than those mentioned in 19 08 13

MNH

19 08 99

wastes not otherwise specified

MNH

19 09

wastes from the preparation of water intended for human consumption or water for industrial use

19 09 01

solid waste from primary filtration and screenings

ANH

19 09 02

sludges from water clarification

ANH

19 09 03

sludges from decarbonation

ANH

19 09 04

spent activated carbon

ANH

19 09 05

saturated or spent ion exchange resins

ANH

19 09 06

solutions and sludges from regeneration of ion exchangers

ANH

19 09 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 10

wastes from shredding of metal-containing wastes

19 10 01

iron and steel waste

ANH

19 10 02

non-ferrous waste

ANH

19 10 03*

fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances

MH

19 10 04

fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03

MNH

19 10 05*

other fractions containing hazardous substances

MH

19 10 06

other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05

MNH

19 11

wastes from oil regeneration

19 11 01*

spent filter clays

AH

19 11 02*

acid tars

AH

19 11 03*

aqueous liquid wastes

AH

19 11 04*

wastes from cleaning of fuel with bases

AH

19 11 05*

sludges from on-site effluent treatment containing hazardous substances

MH

19 11 06

sludges from on-site effluent treatment other than those mentioned in 19 11 05

MNH

19 11 07*

wastes from flue-gas cleaning

AH

19 11 99

wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

19 12

wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing, compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified

19 12 01

paper and cardboard

ANH

19 12 02

ferrous metal

ANH

19 12 03

non-ferrous metal

ANH

19 12 04

plastic and rubber

ANH

19 12 05

Glass

ANH

19 12 06*

wood containing hazardous substances

MH

19 12 07

wood other than that mentioned in 19 12 06

MNH

19 12 08

Textiles

ANH

19 12 09

minerals (for example sand, stones)

ANH

19 12 10

combustible waste (refuse derived fuel)

ANH

19 12 11*

other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing hazardous substances

MH

19 12 12

other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11

MNH

19 13

wastes from soil and groundwater remediation

19 13 01*

solid wastes from soil remediation containing hazardous substances

MH

19 13 02

solid wastes from soil remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 01

MNH

19 13 03*

sludges from soil remediation containing hazardous substances

MH

19 13 04

sludges from soil remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 03

MNH

19 13 05*

sludges from groundwater remediation containing hazardous substances

MH

19 13 06

sludges from groundwater remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 05

MNH

19 13 07*

aqueous liquid wastes and aqueous concentrates from groundwater remediation containing hazardous substances

MH

19 13 08

aqueous liquid wastes and aqueous concentrates from groundwater remediation other than those mentioned in 19 13 07

MNH

20

MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS

20 01

separately collected fractions (except 15 01)

20 01 01

paper and cardboard

ANH

20 01 02

Glass

ANH

20 01 08

biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste

ANH

20 01 10

Clothes

ANH

20 01 11

Textiles

ANH

20 01 13*

Solvents

AH

20 01 14*

Acids

AH

20 01 15*

Alkalines

AH

20 01 17*

Photochemicals

AH

20 01 19*

Pesticides

AH

20 01 21*

fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste

AH
  A

20 01 23*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons

AH
  A

20 01 25

edible oil and fat

MNH
  B

20 01 26*

oil and fat other than those mentioned in 20 01 25

MH
  B

20 01 27*

paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing hazardous substances

MH

20 01 28

paint, inks, adhesives and resins other than those mentioned in 20 01 27

MNH

20 01 29*

detergents containing hazardous substances

MH

20 01 30

detergents other than those mentioned in 20 01 29

MNH

20 01 31*

cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines

MH

20 01 32

medicines other than those mentioned in 20 01 31

MNH
  B

20 01 33*

batteries and accumulators included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or 16 06 03 and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these batteries

MH
  B

20 01 34

batteries and accumulators other than those mentioned in 20 01 33

MNH
  B

20 01 35*

discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components (#)

MH
  B

20 01 36

discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21, 20 01 23 and 20 01 35

MNH
  B

20 01 37*

wood containing hazardous substances

MH

20 01 38

wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37

MNH

20 01 39

Plastics

ANH

20 01 40

Metals

ANH

20 01 41

wastes from chimney sweeping

ANH

20 01 99

other fractions not otherwise specified

ANH

20 02

garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste)

20 02 01

biodegradable waste

ANH

20 02 02

soil and stones

ANH

20 02 03

other non-biodegradable wastes

ANH

20 03

other municipal wastes

20 03 01

mixed municipal waste

ANH

20 03 02

waste from markets

ANH

20 03 03

street-cleaning residues

ANH

20 03 04

septic tank sludge

ANH

20 03 06

waste from sewage cleaning

ANH

20 03 07

bulky waste

ANH

20 03 99

municipal wastes not otherwise specified

ANH

1.3.   
  Examples of the classification of complex entries

This chapter presents additional information and examples providing guidance on characterisation approaches to be followed for some of the more problematic and complex entries, in particular packaging waste, waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and end of life vehicles (ELV).

1.3.1.   Packaging waste and contents

Separately collected packaging waste is to be allocated under sub-chapter 15 01. Such waste must not be classified under sub-chapter 20 01, as the heading of sub-chapter 20 01 explicitly excludes sub-chapter 15 01. Under sub-chapter 15 01 the following MNH entries are contained:

| 15 01 01 | paper and cardboard packaging | MNH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15 01 02 | plastic packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 03 | wooden packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 04 | metallic packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 05 | composite packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 06 | mixed packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 07 | glass packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 09 | textile packaging | MNH |

15 01 01

paper and cardboard packaging

MNH

15 01 02

plastic packaging

MNH

15 01 03

wooden packaging

MNH

15 01 04

metallic packaging

MNH

15 01 05

composite packaging

MNH

15 01 06

mixed packaging

MNH

15 01 07

glass packaging

MNH

15 01 09

textile packaging

MNH

The following MH entries are provided:

| 15 01 10* | packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances | MH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15 01 11* | metallic packaging containing a dangerous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers | MH |

15 01 10*

packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances

MH

15 01 11*

metallic packaging containing a dangerous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers

MH

Before it is decided which entry for packaging waste is most suitable, one has to assess whether the waste actually should be classified as packaging waste at all, or rather be classified according to its content. Figure 2 of this Annex, which is based on the UK waste classification guidance (6) (hereinafter ‘the UK Guidance’) provides a flow chart supporting this decision. Please note that derogations from the flow chart presented in Figure 2 may be possible, e.g. for mixed packaging from households after considering Member State specific conventions and approaches. For example, the Flanders Waste Classification Guidance (7) (hereinafter ‘the OVAM Guidance’) states that mixed packaging waste which is cleaned at a licensed company and thus can be assumed that no hazardous residues are contained by the packaging waste, can be classified as non-hazardous.

Image

In order to allocate the sub-chapter 15 01 it is necessary to determine whether the packaging/container is nominally empty (cf. Step P1 and P2 in Figure 2). It is suggested to understand ‘nominally empty’ in the sense that the product's contents were effectively removed. This removal can be achieved by draining or scraping. The circumstance that minimal residues of the contents are present in the packaging waste does not preclude the packaging waste to qualify as ‘nominally empty’ and does not prohibit the packaging waste from falling under subchapter 15 01 packaging waste.

To decide upon the question whether packaging is nominally empty, practical approaches applied in individual Member States can be used. For example in Austria related to packaging ‘completely emptying’ means proper emptying (‘free of trickles’ such as leftover powder, sludge and drops; brush clean, spatula clean) except for unavoidable residues, without applying additional measures (such as heating). The term does not include cleaning of containers. A container has been emptied completely, if in the case of a renewed attempt of emptying, such as inverting the container no longer drops or solid remains are released.

When the packaging contains residual material that cannot be removed by normal standards (e.g. due to size of aperture or nature of material), then the waste should not be classified as packaging waste but as the residual material waste (e.g. half empty tin of solidified varnish might be classified as 08 01 11*).

In the case that waste containers are washed to remove the contents, further considerations should be taken to ensure an environmentally sound method is used.

If the packaging is nominally empty, it should be checked if it is metallic packaging which contains a dangerous solid porous matrix (e.g. asbestos in old fireproof packaging material), including empty pressure containers (Step P3 in Figure 2). Such metallic packaging needs to be assigned to code 15 01 11*.

With respect to steps P4a and P4b in Figure 2 above, it has to be noted that packaging which is nominally empty but which still can contain small quantities of residues can be either hazardous because (1) it displays hazardous properties because of the remaining residues OR because (2) it displays hazardous properties because of the packaging material itself (of which the packaging is manufactured) because it is contaminated with hazardous substances from the manufacturing process (e.g. with impregnating agents, stabilisers, flame retardants, plasticisers, pigments) or during the use phase.

Accordingly, it has to be assessed in Step P4a whether the waste displays hazardous properties due to the remaining residues and, in Step 4b, whether the packaging material itself displays hazardous properties. Calculations whether threshold limits defined in Annex III to the WFD, based on hazard statement codes, are exceeded, should be based on the weight of the waste as it is when the classification of the waste is undertaken (i.e. a comparison would be made between the amount of contained hazardous substances against the total weight of the nominally empty packaging plus the leftover residue). If hazardous properties can be related to the residue or to the packaging material itself, entry 15 01 10* will apply. Otherwise a non-hazardous entry according to the packaging's material needs to be assigned (codes 15 01 01 to 15 01 09) (8).

1.3.2.   Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

In the LoW, there are two chapters explicitly referring to WEEE:

| 16 | wastes not otherwise specified in the list |
| --- | --- |
| 20 | municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions |

16

wastes not otherwise specified in the list

20

municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes) including separately collected fractions

According to the structure presented in Section 1.1 of this Annex, Chapter 20 of the LoW takes precedence over its chapter 16. In sub-chapter 20 01, separately collected WEEE from municipal waste can be allocated to the following hazardous entries:

| 20 01 21* | fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 20 01 23* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons | AH |
| 20 01 35* | discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components | MH |

20 01 21*

fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste

AH

20 01 23*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons

AH

20 01 35*

discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous components

MH

MNH entries are the following ones:

| 20 01 36 | discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21, 20 01 23 and 20 01 35. | MNH |
| --- | --- | --- |

20 01 36

discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those mentioned in 20 01 21, 20 01 23 and 20 01 35.

MNH

If WEEE arises from a commercial/industrial source and cannot be seen as ‘similar commercial, industrial and institutional waste’, it thus cannot be allocated to an entry of chapter 20. Instead the following MH entries exist in chapter 16:

| 16 02 09* | transformers and capacitors containing PCBs | MH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 02 10* | discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned in 16 02 09* | MH |
| 16 02 11* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | MH |
| 16 02 12* | discarded equipment containing free asbestos | MH |
| 16 02 13* | discarded equipment containing hazardous components other than those mentioned in 16 02 09* to 16 02 12* | MH |
| 16 02 15* | Hazardous components removed from discarded equipment | MH |

16 02 09*

transformers and capacitors containing PCBs

MH

16 02 10*

discarded equipment containing or contaminated by PCBs other than those mentioned in 16 02 09*

MH

16 02 11*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

MH

16 02 12*

discarded equipment containing free asbestos

MH

16 02 13*

discarded equipment containing hazardous components other than those mentioned in 16 02 09* to 16 02 12*

MH

16 02 15*

Hazardous components removed from discarded equipment

MH

MNH entries are the following ones:

| 16 02 14 | discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13 | MNH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 02 16 | components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15 | MNH |

16 02 14

discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13

MNH

16 02 16

components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15

MNH

If there are more specific entries for the characterisation of certain fractions of WEEE in the LoW, those entries should be used for classification, e.g. batteries and accumulators stemming from WEEE may be allocated to sub-chapter 16 06 (batteries and accumulators). Additionally, different entries apart from chapters 16 and 20 of the LoW will have to be used for fractions generated during the treatment process of WEEE (Figure 3) (9).

Image

Please note that the threshold values based on hazard statement codes refer to the state of the waste as it is when the classification of the waste is undertaken (i.e. the state in which it is usually transferred and subsequently managed). For the case of WEEE this might imply that if whole appliances are to be classified, the weight of the appliance has to be considered as basis for the applied concentration limits of hazardous substance. If separated fractions have to be classified (e.g. after selective treatment) the weight of the separated fractions are to be considered as basis for the applied concentration limits.

| Labelling and record keeping of WEEE and batteries

  Please note that labelling and record keeping obligations stemming from WFD do not apply to separate fractions of hazardous waste produced by households until they are accepted for collection, disposal or recovery by an establishment or an undertaking which has obtained a permit or has been registered in accordance with the WFD. Since collection points established under the WEEE or the Batteries Directive, in accordance with and under the preconditions of the two Directives, are not subject to the registration or permit requirements, the said obligations do not apply to these collection points but only once WEEE or waste batteries are accepted for collection, disposal or recovery at a waste treatment facility. |
| --- |

Labelling and record keeping of WEEE and batteries

Please note that labelling and record keeping obligations stemming from WFD do not apply to separate fractions of hazardous waste produced by households until they are accepted for collection, disposal or recovery by an establishment or an undertaking which has obtained a permit or has been registered in accordance with the WFD. Since collection points established under the WEEE or the Batteries Directive, in accordance with and under the preconditions of the two Directives, are not subject to the registration or permit requirements, the said obligations do not apply to these collection points but only once WEEE or waste batteries are accepted for collection, disposal or recovery at a waste treatment facility.

| Box 2: | Labelling and record keeping requirements for WEEE and batteries |
| --- | --- |

Box 2:

1.3.3.   End-of-life vehicles (ELV)

End-of-life vehicles are covered within the LoW in chapter 16 and in particular in sub-chapter 16 01. For whole vehicles two entries are relevant:

| 16 01 04* | end-of-life vehicles | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 01 06 | end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components | ANH |

16 01 04*

end-of-life vehicles

AH

16 01 06

end-of-life vehicles, containing neither liquids nor other hazardous components

ANH

Treatment processes within a facility for ELV are described in Figure 4. Depending on the treatment steps, different entries of the LoW (not from sub-chapter 16 01) come into play for fractions originally stemming from ELV.

Image

1.4.   
  Examples for the assessment of specific constituents of specific waste types

This chapter presents additional information and examples for the assessment of specific constituents of specific waste types. In the following, certain waste types or pollutants will be investigated and difficulties with classification encountered will be explained. Main entries of the LoW used for the classification will be presented. Please note that the described applicable entries will not be exclusive.

Reference can also be made to guidance documents on MS level which may contain further examples, e.g. the UK Guidance and the OVAM Guidance (10) present further examples on waste oils and contaminated soils.

1.4.1.   Organic constituents and specific chemical compounds

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing organic ingredients and specific chemical compounds such as PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) or other hydrocarbons.

General information

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) describe substances (components may include for instance: Acenaphtene, Anthracene, Fluorene, Pyrene, etc.) that are often found together in groups of two or more (11).

BTEX (acronym for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) is a group of related volatile organic compounds (12). In some definitions found in literature it is only referred to BTX, where ethylbenzene is not included.

Hydrocarbons are compounds of hydrogen and carbon in various combinations that are present in petroleum products and natural gas. Some hydrocarbons are major air pollutants, some may be carcinogenic and others contribute to photochemical smog (13).

Main origin

PAHs are created when products like coal, oil, gas, and waste are burned but the combustion process is not complete. Examples are fumes from vehicle exhaust, coal production plants or other facilities burning coal, petroleum, oil or wood. Most PAHs are used to conduct research. However, some PAHs are used to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. Some are used in medicines (14).

BTEX are made up of naturally-occurring chemicals that are found mainly in petroleum products such as gasolines or naphtha. BTEX can enter the environment from leaking underground storage tanks (UST's), overfills of storage tanks, fuel spills from auto accidents and from landfills.

Benzene can be found in gasoline and in products such as synthetic rubber, plastics, nylon, insecticides, paints, dyes, resins-glues, furniture wax, detergents and cosmetics. Other sources are auto exhaust, industrial emissions and cigarette smoke. Toluene occurs naturally as a component of many petroleum products. Toluene is used as a solvent for paints, coatings, gums, oils and resins. Xylenes are used in gasoline and as a solvent in printing, rubber and leather industries (15).

Origins of waste containing hydrocarbons are industrial sites and combustion plants, motor vehicles and other gasoline-powered equipment, e.g. aircrafts or construction equipment (16).

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Table 4 presents the hazard statement code(s), hazard class and category codes for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes.

Table 4

Hazard Statement Code(s), Hazard Class and Category Code(s) for BTEX according to Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation

| International Chemical Identification | CAS No. | Hazard Statement Code(s) | Hazard Class and Category Code(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | H225
  H350
  H340
  H372 **
  H304
  H319
  H315 | Flam. Liq. 2
  Carc. 1A
  Muta. 1B
  STOT RE 1
  Asp. Tox. 1
  Eye Irrit. 2
  Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | H225
  H361d ***
  H304
  H373 **
  H315
  H336 | Flam. Liq. 2
  Repr. 2
  Asp. Tox. 1
  STOT RE 2 *
  Skin Irrit. 2
  STOT SE 3 |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | H225
  H304
  H332
  H373 (hearing organs) | Flam. Liq. 2
  Asp. Tox. 1
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  STOT RE 2 |
| o-xylene

  p-xylene

  m-xylene
  Xylene | 95-47-6
  106-42-3
  108-38-3
  1330-20-7 | H226
  H332
  H312
  H315 | Flam. Liq. 3
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Skin Irrit. 2 |
| According to CLP, Table 3: An asterisk (*) indicates a minimum classification. Classification can be further refined based on new information. Two asterisks (**) indicate that information about the route of exposure is not conclusive. Three asterisks (***) indicate that in order not to lose information from the harmonised classifications for fertility and developmental effects under Directive 67/548/EEC, the classifications have been translated only for those effects classified under that Directive. |

International Chemical Identification

CAS No.

Hazard Statement Code(s)

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Benzene

71-43-2

H225

H350

H340

H372 **

H304

H319

H315

Flam. Liq. 2

Carc. 1A

Muta. 1B

STOT RE 1

Asp. Tox. 1

Eye Irrit. 2

Skin Irrit. 2

Toluene

108-88-3

H225

H361d ***

H304

H373 **

H315

H336

Flam. Liq. 2

Repr. 2

Asp. Tox. 1

STOT RE 2 *

Skin Irrit. 2

STOT SE 3

Ethylbenzene

100-41-4

H225

H304

H332

H373 (hearing organs)

Flam. Liq. 2

Asp. Tox. 1

Acute Tox. 4 *

STOT RE 2

o-xylene

p-xylene

m-xylene

Xylene

95-47-6

106-42-3

108-38-3

1330-20-7

H226

H332

H312

H315

Flam. Liq. 3

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

Skin Irrit. 2

According to CLP, Table 3: An asterisk (*) indicates a minimum classification. Classification can be further refined based on new information. Two asterisks (**) indicate that information about the route of exposure is not conclusive. Three asterisks (***) indicate that in order not to lose information from the harmonised classifications for fertility and developmental effects under Directive 67/548/EEC, the classifications have been translated only for those effects classified under that Directive.

Regarding organic compounds, sum parameters like PAH, BTEX and hydrocarbons (the latter sometimes referred also as ‘mineral oils’ or total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are often applied in practical waste analysis. The CLP Regulation does not recognise these as group entries for which a classification could be assigned.

The LoW specifies that ‘where applicable the following notes included in Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 may be taken into account when establishing the hazardous properties of wastes: 1.1.3.1. Notes relating to the identification, classification and labelling of substances: Notes B, D, F, J, L, M, P, Q, R, and U.’ Relevant to this respect are notes M and L. Therefore benzo[a]pyrene can be used as a marker compound representing PAH for carcinogenicity for certain coal tar entries. For hazard statement code(s), hazard class and category code(s) of benzo[a]pyrene please refer to Table 5. More information on the usage of PAH and benzo[a]pyrene for the example of coal tar can be found in Section 1.4.5 below.

Table 5

Hazard Statement Code(s), Hazard Class and Category Code(s) for benzo[a]pyrene according to Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation

| International Chemical Identification | CAS No. | Hazard Statement Code(s) | Hazard Class and Category Code(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Benzo[a]pyrene
  Benzo[def]chrysene | 50-32-8 | H350
  H340
  H360FD
  H317
  H400
  H410 | Carc. 1B
  Muta. 1B
  Repr. 1B
  Skin Sens. 1
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 |

International Chemical Identification

CAS No.

Hazard Statement Code(s)

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Benzo[a]pyrene

Benzo[def]chrysene

50-32-8

H350

H340

H360FD

H317

H400

H410

Carc. 1B

Muta. 1B

Repr. 1B

Skin Sens. 1

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

1.4.2.   Substances that deplete the ozone layer

The following section provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing substances that deplete the ozone layer (ODS).

General information

ODS generally contain chlorine, fluorine, bromine, carbon, and hydrogen in varying proportions and are often described by the general term halocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons are the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine. Most known substances with a significant ozone depleting potential are covered by the Montreal Protocol which aims to phase out ODS. The corresponding EU legislation is Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (17) (see paragraph below).

These substances have a significant potential to harm the ozone layer for two reasons. The first is that they do not break down in the lower atmosphere — they can remain in the atmosphere for long time periods. The second is that they contain chlorine and/or bromine and thus help the natural reactions that destroy ozone (18).

Main origin

Ozone depleting substances were, and still are used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, manufacture of solvents and as components of fire extinguishers.

Main sources for waste containing ODS which in practice cause problems in their classification are foams from disposed refrigerators and construction and demolition wastes (e.g. waste containing PCB).

Applicable entries of the LoW

A non-exhaustive list of main entries applicable for wastes containing ODS is presented below:

| 14 06 01* | chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14 06 02* | other halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures | AH |
| 16 02 11* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | MH |
| 16 02 14 | discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13 | MNH |
| 16 05 04* | gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 05 05 | gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04 | MNH |
| 17 06 03* | other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 06 04 | insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03 | MNH |
| 20 01 23* | discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC | AH |

14 06 01*

chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

AH

14 06 02*

other halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures

AH

16 02 11*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

MH

16 02 14

discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 09 to 16 02 13

MNH

16 05 04*

gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing hazardous substances

MH

16 05 05

gases in pressure containers other than those mentioned in 16 05 04

MNH

17 06 03*

other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

17 06 04

insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03

MNH

20 01 23*

discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC, HFC

AH

Further entries may be applicable, e.g. 15 01 10* (packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances) in case the packaging contains residues of ODS, e.g. old spray cans.

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Annex I (controlled substances) and II (new substances) of Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 provides a list of substances to be classified as ODS and their respective ozone-depleting potential.

Aforementioned mainly relevant entries 14 06 01* and 14 06 02* are AH entries. As a consequence, wastes assigned with these entries are classified as hazardous without further assessment (even if they would not display hazardous properties). However, the hazardous properties will have to be assessed e.g. for filling a consignment note.

In case of old insulation foams as used in construction that might contain ODS, a decision between the MH entry (17 06 03*) and the MNH entry (17 06 04) needs to be made. For this decision between a MH or a MNH entry, the relevant hazardous property is HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ (cf. Section 3.14). As harmonised classification approach for HP 14 currently available on EU level (see Section 3.14) enters into force on 5 July 2018, before this date the MS approaches need to be considered for the assessment of waste containing ODS.

As a provisional measure, some MS apply a concentration limit of 0,1 %, stemming from the former EU chemical legislation (DSD (19) or DPD (20) respectively). The latter directive laid down, that the generic concentration limit for substances (in a preparation), classified as hazardous to the ozone layer (N, R59), that trigger classification of the mixture as hazardous to the ozone layer, lies at 0,1 %. For the decision between a MH and a MNH entry, this means that waste containing 0,1 % or more of ODS will have to be classified as hazardous by HP 14. Thereby the concentration limit of 0,1 % is related to an individual ODS not to the total of such substances.

1.4.3.   Asbestos

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing asbestos.

General information

Asbestos is a mineralogical name which describes certain fibrous silicates belonging to the mineralogical group of the serpentine and the amphibole minerals and those are crystallized in the so-called asbestiform form. The minerals that fall under this definition are: amosite, crocidolite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, fibre-shaped actinolite and tremolite (21).

Main origin

The use of asbestos including chrysotile is in practice completely banned in the EU since 2005 (see restriction entry 6 in Annex XVII to the REACH Regulation). However, asbestos is still a substance of concern as there were numerous recorded uses of asbestos and it still can be found inter alia in insulation, as a constituent of cement, in industrial buildings, plants, private homes, ships, heating and cooling systems and work equipment.

Applicable entries of the LoW

A non-exhaustive list of main entries applicable for wastes containing asbestos is presented below:

| 06 07 01* | wastes containing asbestos from electrolysis | MH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 06 13 04* | wastes from asbestos processing (22) | AH |
| 10 13 09* | wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos (22) | MH |
| 10 13 10 | wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 13 09 (22) | MNH |
| 15 01 11* | metallic packaging containing a hazardous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers | MH |
| 16 01 11* | brake pads containing asbestos | MH |
| 16 02 12* | discarded equipment containing free asbestos | MH |
| 17 06 01* | insulation materials containing asbestos | MH |
| 17 06 05* | construction materials containing asbestos | AH |

06 07 01*

wastes containing asbestos from electrolysis

MH

06 13 04*

wastes from asbestos processing (22)

AH

10 13 09*

wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture containing asbestos (22)

MH

10 13 10

wastes from asbestos-cement manufacture other than those mentioned in 10 13 09 (22)

MNH

15 01 11*

metallic packaging containing a hazardous solid porous matrix (for example asbestos), including empty pressure containers

MH

16 01 11*

brake pads containing asbestos

MH

16 02 12*

discarded equipment containing free asbestos

MH

17 06 01*

insulation materials containing asbestos

MH

17 06 05*

construction materials containing asbestos

AH

Please note that there are further applicable LoW entries not literally mentioning asbestos, e.g. for contaminated soils containing asbestos fibres and demolition waste containing asbestos cement (17 05 03* and 17 05 04).

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

For a decision between a MH or a MNH entry, the relevant hazardous property is HP 7 ‘Carcinogenic’. Asbestos is classified according to the CLP Regulation with hazard class ‘Carc. 1A’ and category code ‘STOT RE 1’ corresponding to hazard statement codes H350 and H372. Following Annex III to the WFD (cf. Annex 3, Section 3.7) the concentration limit for H350 is 0,1 %.

As a consequence, waste containing 0,1 % or more of asbestos will have to be classified as hazardous by HP 7. Please note that the identification of asbestos waste usually is done on the basis of knowledge on the material and expert judgement. However, there might be methods for determination on MS level, e.g. the official method for the determination of asbestos in Italy is DM 06/09/1994 GU no 288 10/12/1994 with the technique DRX, SEM or FT-IR where DRX is considered to be most suitable for bulky material and waste.

Materials containing asbestos, for example a sheet of insulation material, is classified under the appropriate code for that asbestos waste. Member States may provide additional guidance on this, and require that the asbestos is assessed/classified separately from the waste it is mixed with.

1.4.4.   Wastes containing CaO and Ca(OH)2

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing calcium oxide CaO and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2.

General information

CaO (also called lime or quicklime) may take the form of odourless crystals, white or greyish- white lumps, or granular powder. The commercial material may have a yellowish or brownish tint because of its iron content.

Ca(OH)2 (also called hydrated lime) is a soft white, powder or granule and non-combustible.

Main origin

Calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide are used in similar industries and applications:

| — | Use as raw material in the preparation of chlorinated lime, bleaching powder, and calcium salts. Also used as a binding agent for the manufacture of several products such as cement, and other building and paving materials. |
| --- | --- |

—

Use as raw material in the preparation of chlorinated lime, bleaching powder, and calcium salts. Also used as a binding agent for the manufacture of several products such as cement, and other building and paving materials.

| — | Used for water treatment and for the treatment of waste effluents from different industries. |
| --- | --- |

—

Used for water treatment and for the treatment of waste effluents from different industries.

| — | Used as a scrubbing and neutralizing agents in the chemical and petrochemical industry. |
| --- | --- |

—

Used as a scrubbing and neutralizing agents in the chemical and petrochemical industry.

| — | Large volumes of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide are generated in combustion processes and can be found in the leftover ash. |
| --- | --- |

—

Large volumes of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide are generated in combustion processes and can be found in the leftover ash.

| — | Involved in different operations in the following industries: iron and steel manufacturing (as well as other metals), ammonia synthesis, metal ores refining, manufacture of fine chemicals (e.g. pharmaceuticals, lubricants), pulp and paper industry, leather manufacturing, etc. |
| --- | --- |

—

Involved in different operations in the following industries: iron and steel manufacturing (as well as other metals), ammonia synthesis, metal ores refining, manufacture of fine chemicals (e.g. pharmaceuticals, lubricants), pulp and paper industry, leather manufacturing, etc.

Applicable entries of the LoW

There are many entries where wastes containing CaO/Ca(OH)2 could be allocated. A non-exhaustive list of applicable entries is presented below. Relevant entries for wastes containing CaO/Ca(OH)2 can mainly be found in the following sub-chapters:

| 10 01 | wastes from power stations and other combustion plants (except 19) |
| --- | --- |
| 10 02 | wastes from the iron and steel industry |
| 10 13 | wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them |

10 01

wastes from power stations and other combustion plants (except 19)

10 02

wastes from the iron and steel industry

10 13

wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them

Please refer to Annex 1, Section 1.2.1 above to check which entries of the aforementioned sub-chapters are referred to as ANH, AH, MNH or MH entries.

When CaO/Ca(OH)2 is used for scrubbing flue gas in thermal disposal of waste, the following entry may apply for the solid residues (also taking into account the potential presence of other hazardous substances in the flue gas):

| 19 01 07* | solid waste from gas treatment | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |

19 01 07*

solid waste from gas treatment

AH

Additional entries may apply for wastes containing CaO/Ca(OH)2. Entry 06 02 01* calcium hydroxide for instance needs to be assigned for wastes containing Ca(OH)2 resulting from manufacture, formulation, supply and use of bases.

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

While choosing the appropriate entry for a waste containing CaO/Ca(OH)2, please note that absolute non-hazardous entries will be non-hazardous. This means no further assessment on hazardous properties is necessary in order to determine whether the hazardous or non-hazardous entry should be assigned. For instance, slags from iron and steel industry can be assigned to the following entries:

| 10 02 01 | wastes from the processing of slag | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 10 02 02 | unprocessed slag | ANH |

10 02 01

wastes from the processing of slag

ANH

10 02 02

unprocessed slag

ANH

Even if the CaO content of aforementioned slags from iron and steel industry would be above the concentration limit as laid down in Annex III to the WFD, the waste should be classified as non-hazardous, unless a Member State applies Article 7 of the WFD (see Chapter 2, Box 2).

In many self-classifications or respectively safety data sheets in the frame of the CLP Regulation, calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are assigned hazard statement codes H315, H318 and H335. However, there exist other self-classifications using other hazard statement codes (refer to Annex 2 on which data sources to consult in order to check different self-classifications of CaO and Ca(OH)2). Please note that information gathered exclusively from self-classifications may not be sufficient for waste classification.

For a decision between a MH or a MNH entry, the relevant hazardous properties are HP 4 ‘Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage’ and HP 5 ‘Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/Aspiration Toxicity’. Corresponding concentration limits are laid down in Annex III to the WFD (cf. Annex 3.4 and 3.5) and are also displayed in Table 6. Please note that Table 6 is based on hazard statement codes assigned to calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide have been taken from self-classifications. In case the applicability of these hazard statement codes can be validated by using additional information (e.g. information from the waste generating process), the consequence is:

| — | if the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as H318 (e.g. CaO and Ca(OH)2) exceeds or equals 10 %; |
| --- | --- |

—

if the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as H318 (e.g. CaO and Ca(OH)2) exceeds or equals 10 %;

the waste should be classified hazardous according to HP 4.

Additionally:

| — | if the sum of concentrations of all substances classified as H335 (e.g. CaO and Ca(OH)2) exceeds or equals 20 %; |
| --- | --- |

—

if the sum of concentrations of all substances classified as H335 (e.g. CaO and Ca(OH)2) exceeds or equals 20 %;

the waste should be classified hazardous according to HP 5.

In accordance with the first indent of the Annex to the LoW, if a testing of the waste applying (non-vertebrate animal) methods provided in the Test Methods Regulation reveals that the waste in question does not display these hazardous properties, the results of the test should prevail.

Please refer to Annex 3.4 and 3.5 for further information.

Table 6

Hazard statement codes and concentration limits for CaO and Ca(OH)2

| | Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard Statement Code(s) from self-classification | Concentration limit (total of substances) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CaO | Eye Dam. 1
  STOT SE 3 | H318
  H335 | ≥ 10 %
  ≥ 20 % |
| Ca(OH)2 | Eye Dam. 1
  STOT SE 3 | H318
  H335 | ≥ 10 %
  ≥ 20 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard Statement Code(s) from self-classification

Concentration limit (total of substances)

CaO

Eye Dam. 1

STOT SE 3

H318

H335

≥ 10 %

≥ 20 %

Ca(OH)2

Eye Dam. 1

STOT SE 3

H318

H335

≥ 10 %

≥ 20 %

1.4.5.   Wastes containing coal tar and bitumen

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing coal tar.

General information

Coal tar is a viscous material composed of complex, high-molecular-weight, compounds derived from e.g. the destructive distillation of wood or coal (23).

Bitumen is a generic term applied to natural inflammable substances of variable colour, hardness, and volatility, composed principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies (24). Bitumen is manufactured from the distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining:

‘Petroleum bitumen is known by different names throughout the world. For example the term ‘bitumen’ is typically used in Europe and is synonymous with the term ‘asphalt’, or ‘asphalt binder’ used in North America. Outside North America, the term ‘asphalt’ is used to describe mixtures of bitumen with mineral materials. [...]

Coal derived products such as coal tar or coal-tar pitches are very different from bitumen. These are manufactured by the high-temperature pyrolysis (> 800 °C) of bituminous coals and differ from bitumen substantially in composition, physical characteristics, and potential health risks.’
   (25)

Main origin

Main origin

The majority of coal tar is distilled to produce refined products, including creosote, coal-tar pitch, crude naphthalene, and anthracene oils. Some crude coal tar is used as fuel for blast furnaces in the steel industry, because of its high availability and heating value. In the industry of alumina and aluminium production and processing, coal tar is used in several process steps, particularly in the manufacturing of anodes. Further applications are in the broad sectors of construction and in various coal related industries.

The world production of bitumen is of approximately 87 million tons per year and more than 250 known applications of bitumen exist. The majority of bitumen is used in the construction sector, in particular in paving and roofing applications (26).

26

Applicable entries of the LoW

Applicable entries of the LoW

A non-exhaustive list of main entries applicable for wastes containing coal tar is presented below:

| 17 03 01* | bituminous mixtures containing coal tar | MH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17 03 02 | bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01 | MNH |
| 17 03 03* | coal tar and tarred products | AH |

17 03 01*

bituminous mixtures containing coal tar

MH

17 03 02

bituminous mixtures other than those mentioned in 17 03 01

MNH

17 03 03*

coal tar and tarred products

AH

Aspects to be considered for waste classification
   (27)

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

27

Potential hazards of wastes containing coal tar depend on their level of PAHs, which are known to have carcinogenic effects (high for coal tar, rather low in bitumen). Thus, please refer also to Section 1.4.1.

Indicator tests exist to identify whether the waste containing coal tar contains a significant concentration of PAH components. Tests will indicate presence of PAH but not give a measurement. Examples are provided in the OVAM Guidance:

not

| — | use of PAH marker in combination with use of a UV lamp; |
| --- | --- |

—

use of PAH marker in combination with use of a UV lamp;

| — | white spray paint; |
| --- | --- |

—

white spray paint;

| — | adding a drop of methylene chloride. |
| --- | --- |

—

adding a drop of methylene chloride.

When either of these tests gives a positive result it is assumed that the material contains tar and therefore is hazardous, unless the holder of the waste stream is able to demonstrate that the concentration of PAHs is below the threshold levels in Annex III to the WFD so it can be classified as non-hazardous. However, the classification as (non-)hazardous must not be done exclusively based on the presence of PAHs but should take into account all the substances present in the waste stream.

Coal tar and its distillates (e.g. tar oils) potentially display carcinogenic properties. If the concentration of such materials is at or above 0,1 % the waste would possess the hazardous property HP 7 carcinogenic (cf. Section 3.7).

Determining the coal tar content is usually not conducted in the testing of waste. To be noted that Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation uses benzo[a]pyrene as a marker compound for carcinogenicity for certain coal tar entries where the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene is at or above 50 ppm (mg/kg).

a

Any sampling of asphalt concrete would need to ensure that layers with different concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene are properly and representatively assessed (28).

a

28

1.4.6.   Metals and alloys

Metals and alloys

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing metals and alloys.

Main origin

Main origin

Metal wastes arise in various sectors such as WEEE, ELV, construction and demolition and several industrial uses.

Applicable entries of the LoW

Applicable entries of the LoW

Although entries 17 04 01 – 17 04 09* specifically refer to separate metals, only construction and demolition wastes should be assigned with those entries. As long as the respective wastes are not contaminated with any hazardous substances (external contamination, e.g. paint) not associated to the metal or alloy itself, MNH entries 17 04 01 – 17 04 07 can be assigned according to the metallic composition of the waste. Otherwise the hazardous mirror entry 17 04 09* is applicable.

If the waste in question does not stem from construction and demolition, other chapters of the LoW are applicable, e.g. in the case of metal waste from surface treatment, sub-chapter 12 01 applies (wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface treatment of metals and plastic).

In any case the most suitable LoW entry needs to be assigned according to the order of precedence as described in Section 1.2.

As a consequence, metal wastes from waste management facilities cannot be assigned to entries of chapter 17 of the LoW but can be assigned among others to the following exemplary entries:

| 19 10 | waste from shredding of metal-containing wastes | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 19 10 01 | iron and steel waste | ANH |
| 19 10 02 | non-ferrous waste | ANH |
| 19 10 05* | other fractions containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 12 | wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing, compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified | |
| 19 12 02 | ferrous metal | ANH |
| 19 12 03 | non-ferrous metal | ANH |
| 19 12 11* | other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |

19 10

waste from shredding of metal-containing wastes

19 10 01

iron and steel waste

ANH

19 10 02

non-ferrous waste

ANH

19 10 05*

other fractions containing hazardous substances

MH

19 12

wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing, compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified

19 12 02

ferrous metal

ANH

19 12 03

non-ferrous metal

ANH

19 12 11*

other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

Additionally, specific non-hazardous entries for metals exist in Chapter 15 of the LoW (waste packaging) and 20 (municipal waste).

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

In the LoW pure metal alloys are specifically exempt from the classification as hazardous:

‘The concentration limits defined in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC do not apply to pure metal alloys in their massive form (not contaminated with hazardous substances). Those waste alloys that are considered as hazardous waste are specifically enumerated in this list and marked with an asterisk (*)’

Additionally, special care should be taken in order to avoid misclassification of scrap metals as waste. Council Regulation (EU) No 333/2011 establishes criteria determining when certain types of scrap metal (iron, steel and aluminium scrap) cease to be waste. Similar legislation exists for copper scrap (Commission Regulation (EU) No 715/2013). Operators may decide voluntarily whether to make use of this end-of waste status for metal scrap that fulfils the respective criteria. If fulfilling the relevant criteria, metals/alloys may not be considered waste as defined according to the WFD, and the classification according to this technical guidance note is not applicable.

In the case of massive metals, hazardous entries are unlikely to be used, unless a substantial indication exists that metal fractions have been contaminated with non-metal hazardous substances during the treatment process in a way that the waste displays hazardous properties.

Only alloys in their massive form that are specifically listed as hazardous, or contaminated with non-metal hazardous substances, should be treated as hazardous. According to the UK Guidance, the only ‘alloy’ specifically listed in the LoW and assigned to an AH entry is:

| 18 01 10* | amalgam waste from dental care | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |

18 01 10*

amalgam waste from dental care

AH

Please note that the flow charts for the assessment of hazardous properties as displayed in Annex 3 do not specifically recall that the concentration limits defined in Annex III to the WFD do not apply to pure metal alloys in their massive form.

1.4.7.   Organic peroxides

Organic peroxides

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing organic peroxides.

General information

General information

The CLP Regulation defines organic peroxides in Annex I, Section 2.15:

‘Organic peroxides means liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures (formulations) containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties:

‘Organic peroxides means liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures (formulations) containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties:

| — | be liable to explosive decomposition; |
| --- | --- |

—

be liable to explosive decomposition;

be liable to explosive decomposition;

| — | burn rapidly; |
| --- | --- |

—

burn rapidly;

burn rapidly;

| — | be sensitive to impact or friction; |
| --- | --- |

—

be sensitive to impact or friction;

be sensitive to impact or friction;

| — | react dangerously with other substances.’ |
| --- | --- |

—

react dangerously with other substances.’

react dangerously with other substances.’

Main origin

Main origin

The plastics and rubber industries are important users of organic peroxides. Organic peroxides and mixtures containing organic peroxides are used as e.g. accelerators, activators, catalysts, cross-linking agents, curing agents, hardeners, initiators and promoters. Other applications may be the use as bleaching agents (e.g. flour bleaching), as active pharmaceutical ingredients and as flame retardant synergists.

Applicable entries of the LoW

Applicable entries of the LoW

There are many entries where wastes containing organic peroxides could be allocated. A non-exhaustive list of applicable entries is presented below:

| 16 09 03* | peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide | AH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 09 04* | oxidising substances, not otherwise specified | AH |

16 09 03*

peroxides, for example hydrogen peroxide

AH

16 09 04*

oxidising substances, not otherwise specified

AH

All above mentioned entries are absolute hazardous entries, which means no assessment on hazardous properties is necessary in order to determine whether the waste is to be classified as hazardous if one of these entries is assigned to wastes containing organic peroxides. However, the assessment of hazardous properties will still be necessary, e.g. for filling a consignment note.

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

For a decision between the MH and the MNH entry in the field of organic peroxides, hazardous properties HP 1 and HP 3 are most relevant.

In the determination of HP 1 ‘Explosive’ (Annex 3, Section 3.1), cut-off values for organic peroxides need to be considered. A waste containing organic peroxides classified with hazard statement class H240 or H241 needs to be assessed for HP 1, unless the following statements hold true:

| — | No other hazardous substances assigned hazard statement codes listed in Table 8 (see Annex 3, Section 3.1) are present, and |
| --- | --- |

—

No other hazardous substances assigned hazard statement codes listed in Table 8 (see Annex 3, Section 3.1) are present, and

| — | One of the following two criteria is met:






  — | the waste contains >1 % but ≤ 7 % hydrogen peroxide, and the available oxygen content (Oi) of the organic peroxide(s) is ≤ 0,5 %; |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

One of the following two criteria is met:

—

the waste contains >1 % but ≤ 7 % hydrogen peroxide, and the available oxygen content (Oi) of the organic peroxide(s) is ≤ 0,5 %;

i

| — | the waste contains ≤ 1 % hydrogen peroxide, and the available oxygen content (Oi) of the organic peroxide(s) is ≤ 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

—

the waste contains ≤ 1 % hydrogen peroxide, and the available oxygen content (Oi) of the organic peroxide(s) is ≤ 1 %.

i

The available oxygen content, Oi (%) for any given organic peroxides has to be calculated according to section 2.15 of Annex I to the CLP Regulation:

i

Oi (%) = Σ (16 × (ni × ci / mi))

i

where:

| | ni: number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i. |
| --- | --- |

ni: number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i.

| | ci: concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i in the waste. |
| --- | --- |

ci: concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i in the waste.

| | mi: gram molecular mass of organic peroxide i |
| --- | --- |

mi: gram molecular mass of organic peroxide i

| | ‘Σ’ means that if a waste contains more than one organic peroxide the available oxygen from each is added together. This includes all organic peroxides, and is not restricted to those classified as H240 or H241. |
| --- | --- |

‘Σ’ means that if a waste contains more than one organic peroxide the available oxygen from each is added together. This includes all organic peroxides, and is not restricted to those classified as H240 or H241.

The UK Guidance provides an example calculation for methyl ethyl peroxide which is presented in the following. A waste contains 2,9 % methyl ethyl peroxide (C2H5-O-O-CH3) and 3 % hydrogen peroxide. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is > 1 % and ≤ 7 % (see criteria above). Methyl ethyl peroxide has a molecular mass of 76 g (so ‘mi’ is 76) and one peroxide functional group present (so ni is 1). When applying these values in the the formula ‘Oi (%) = Σ (16 × (ni × ci / mi))’ for a concentration (‘ci’) of 2,9 % in the waste, methyl ethyl peroxide has an available oxygen content (Oi) of 0,61 % (16 × 1 × 2,9 / 76). This is above the available oxygen threshold of 0,5 % for criterion (i), so HP 1 must be assigned.

2

5

3

i

i

Organic peroxides have specifically to be considered in determining HP 3 ‘Flammable’. A waste containing self-reactive substances or organic peroxides classified as H240 or H241 may possess the hazardous property HP 3 Flammable as a result of the assessment of HP 1 Explosive classifying the waste as a whole as H242. Please refer to Section 3.3 for additional information.

Further guidance on organic peroxides according to the CLP Regulation can be found directly in the CLP Regulation or in its corresponding technical guidance note (hereinafter ‘the ECHA CLP Guidance’) (29).

29

1.4.8.   Rubber wastes

Rubber wastes

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of rubber wastes.

General information

General information

Rubber wastes are mainly end of life products from the use of tyres and general rubber goods.

Main origin

Main origin

The annual production in 2013 of tyres and general rubber goods amounted to ~ 4,67 million tonnes and ~ 2,57 million tonnes respectively. Rubber waste arises in relevant quantities from tyres and general rubber goods. In 2012 the quantity of end-of-life tyres amounted to 2,765 kt. There is no specific information available for general rubber goods (30).

30

Applicable entries of the LoW

Applicable entries of the LoW

A non-exhaustive list of main entries applicable for wastes containing rubber and tyres (and also other organic waste) is presented below:

| 16 01 03 | end-of-life tyres | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 03 05* | organic wastes containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 16 03 06 | organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05 | MNH |
| 19 12 04 | plastic and rubber | ANH |

16 01 03

end-of-life tyres

ANH

16 03 05*

organic wastes containing hazardous substances

MH

16 03 06

organic wastes other than those mentioned in 16 03 05

MNH

19 12 04

plastic and rubber

ANH

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

The majority of rubber waste is allocated to ANH entries. Waste code 16 03 06 is a MNH entry to the MH entry 16 03 05* (organic wastes containing hazardous substances) under chapter 16 (wastes not otherwise specified in the list) sub-chapter 16 03 (off-specification batches and unused products). This hazardous entry can be used for unused rubber products with oils or solvents or for contaminated off-specification rubber batches which are contaminated e.g. with oils or solvents. As a last resort, rubber wastes from the MFSU of plastics, synthetic rubber and man-made fibres can be allocated to waste code 07 02 99.

1.4.9.   Plastic wastes

Plastic wastes

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of plastic wastes.

General information

General information

A plastic material is an organic solid, essentially composed by a mixture of a polymer or combination of polymers of high molecular mass with other substances such as additives, stabilisers, fillers, etc. A polymer is a chain of many repeating molecular units of monomers. The monomers of plastic are either natural or synthetic organic compounds. The term resin is sometimes used as synonym of a commercial polymer (31).

31

Main origin

Main origin

The EU is one of the world's crucial players in plastic manufacturing and in 2012 produced about 57 million tons of plastic. EU converter demand in 2012 was about 46 million tons and the quantity of post-consumer plastic waste was approximately 25 million tons (32).

32

Plastic wastes arise from end of life plastic products from industrial or household applications. The generation of post-consumer plastics waste is dominated by plastic packaging waste. Other relevant sectors in particular are: building and construction, automotive, WEEE and agriculture (33).

33

Applicable entries of the LoW

Applicable entries of the LoW

A non-exhaustive list of main entries applicable for wastes containing plastics is presented below:

Plastic packaging

Plastic packaging

| 15 01 02 | plastic packaging | MNH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15 01 05 | composite packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 06 | mixed packaging | MNH |
| 15 01 10* | packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances | MH |

15 01 02

plastic packaging

MNH

15 01 05

composite packaging

MNH

15 01 06

mixed packaging

MNH

15 01 10*

packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances

MH

Plastic waste from construction and demolition

Plastic waste from construction and demolition

| 17 02 03 | Plastic | MNH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17 02 04* | glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with hazardous substances | MH |

17 02 03

Plastic

MNH

17 02 04*

glass, plastic and wood containing or contaminated with hazardous substances

MH

Entries which (can) contain plastic but do not explicitly refer to plastic, such as:

| 17 04 10* | cables containing oil, coal tar and other hazardous substances | MH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17 04 11 | cables other than those mentioned in 17 04 10 | MNH |
| 17 06 03* | other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 06 04 | insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03 | MNH |
| 17 09 03* | other construction and demolition wastes (including mixed wastes) containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 17 09 04 | mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03 | MNH |

17 04 10*

cables containing oil, coal tar and other hazardous substances

MH

17 04 11

cables other than those mentioned in 17 04 10

MNH

17 06 03*

other insulation materials consisting of or containing hazardous substances

MH

17 06 04

insulation materials other than those mentioned in 17 06 01 and 17 06 03

MNH

17 09 03*

other construction and demolition wastes (including mixed wastes) containing hazardous substances

MH

17 09 04

mixed construction and demolition wastes other than those mentioned in 17 09 01, 17 09 02 and 17 09 03

MNH

Plastic waste from automotive applications

Plastic waste from automotive applications

| 16 01 19 | Plastic | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 19 10 03* | fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 10 04 | fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03 | MNH |

16 01 19

Plastic

ANH

19 10 03*

fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances

MH

19 10 04

fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03

MNH

Plastic WEEE

Plastic WEEE

| 19 12 04 | plastic and rubber | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |

19 12 04

plastic and rubber

ANH

Entries which (can) contain plastic but do not explicitly refer to plastic, such as:

| 16 02 15* | hazardous components removed from discarded equipment | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16 02 16 | components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15 | |
| 19 10 03* | fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 10 04 | fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03 | MNH |
| 19 10 05* | other fractions containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 10 06 | other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05 | MNH |
| 19 12 11* | other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 19 12 04 | plastic and rubber | MNH |
| 19 12 12 | other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11 | MNH |

16 02 15*

hazardous components removed from discarded equipment

16 02 16

components removed from discarded equipment other than those mentioned in 16 02 15

19 10 03*

fluff-light fraction and dust containing hazardous substances

MH

19 10 04

fluff-light fraction and dust other than those mentioned in 19 10 03

MNH

19 10 05*

other fractions containing hazardous substances

MH

19 10 06

other fractions other than those mentioned in 19 10 05

MNH

19 12 11*

other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of waste containing hazardous substances

MH

19 12 04

plastic and rubber

MNH

19 12 12

other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11

MNH

Agriculture

Agriculture

| 02 01 04 | waste plastics (except packaging) | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |

02 01 04

waste plastics (except packaging)

ANH

Apart from the aforementioned sectors, further entries for plastics can be found throughout different chapters of the LoW. Examples are:

| 07 02 13 | waste plastic | ANH |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 07 02 16* | Wastes containing hazardous silicones | MH |
| 07 02 17 | Waste containing silicones other than those mentioned in 07 02 16 | MNH |
| 12 01 05 | plastics shavings and turnings | ANH |
| 12 01 16* | waste blasting material containing hazardous substances | MH |
| 12 01 17 | waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16 | MNH |
| 20 01 39 | Plastics | ANH |

07 02 13

waste plastic

ANH

07 02 16*

Wastes containing hazardous silicones

MH

07 02 17

Waste containing silicones other than those mentioned in 07 02 16

MNH

12 01 05

plastics shavings and turnings

ANH

12 01 16*

waste blasting material containing hazardous substances

MH

12 01 17

waste blasting material other than those mentioned in 12 01 16

MNH

20 01 39

Plastics

ANH

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Plastic materials usually contain not only plastic polymers but a variety of different additives in the plastic matrix to improve performance and use application or processing properties of the final product. Additives are a different group of special chemicals which are either incorporated into the plastic matrix prior or during processing or applied to the final products' surface after the processing (34).

34

A specific plastic waste which can be allocated to a mirror entry can be hazardous either because of the additives it contains or because the waste is contaminated with hazardous substances e.g. oils or solvents.

Typically relevant additives in plastic waste are for example stabilisers or pigments (e.g. cadmium, chromium, lead or tin compounds, BPA, nonylphenol compounds) flame retardants (SCCPs, MCCPs, PBDEs, HBCD, etc.), plasticisers (phthalates, SCCPs, MCCPs, etc.) and a variety of other possibly contained additives (35).

35

Note that waste code 15 01 10* can be either hazardous because (1) the packaging is hazardous if it contains (usually non-plastic) residues of hazardous substances OR because (2) the plastic material itself (of which the packaging is manufactured) contains hazardous substances (see also example on packaging waste in Section 1.3.1 above).

1.4.10.   POP wastes

POP wastes

The following example provides general guidance on the classification of waste containing POPs.

General information

General information

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are organic chemical substances. They possess a particular combination of physical and chemical properties such that, once released into the environment, they persist for long periods of time, they become widely distributed throughout the environment, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms including humans, and are toxic to both humans and wildlife.

Main origin

Main origin

POPs are a group of different substances or substance groups with different origin. Many POPs are or were intentionally produced pesticides or industrial chemicals which have been used for manifold technical or agricultural applications. Other POPs are produced unintentionally as a by-product e.g. during manufacturing or incineration processes.

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

Aspects to be considered for waste classification

The Stockholm Convention on POPs and the Protocol to the regional UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) are international instruments, whose POP substance lists are amended continuously. As soon as new substances/substance groups are classified in the Convention as POPs, they are subsequently included in the POP Regulation.

Specific waste related provisions for POPs are established under the aforementioned POP Regulation. Following Article 7, wastes consisting of POPs, containing or contaminated with them above specific limit values (concentration limit referred to in Article 7(4)(a) — the so called ‘low POP-content limit value’), must be disposed of or recovered, without undue delay and in accordance with the provisions laid down in the POP Regulation in such a way as to ensure that the POP content is destroyed or irreversibly transformed so that the remaining waste and releases do not exhibit the characteristics of POPs. Disposal or recovery operations that may lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation or re-use of the POPs are prohibited.

According to the LoW, the following applies in case of mirror entries:

‘Wastes containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2- bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane), chlordane, hexachlorocyclohexanes (including lindane), dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexaclorobenzene, chlordecone, aldrine, pentachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene hexabromobiphenyl and/or PCB exceeding the concentration limits indicated in Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council should be classified as hazardous.’

Thus, waste containing the POPs mentioned in LoW (point 2, indent 3) in concentrations which exceed the limit values established in the POP Regulation (cf. Table 7) shall be classified as hazardous. For wastes containing other POPs, the hazardousness should be assessed applying the concentration limits included in Annex III to the WFD.

Table 7

Table 7

Limit values established in the POP Regulation for those POPs which are listed in the LoW

Limit values established in the POP Regulation for those POPs which are listed in the LoW

| Substance | CAS No. | EC No. | Concentration limit referred to in Article 7(4)(a) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) | | | 15 μg/kg (36) |
| DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane) | 50-29-3 | 200-024-3 | 50 mg/kg |
| Chlordane | 57-74-9 | 200-349-0 | 50 mg/kg |
| Hexachlorocyclohexanes, including lindane | 58-89-9 | 210-168-9 | 50 mg/kg |
| 319-84-6 | 200-401-2 |
| 319-85-7 | 206-270-8 |
| 608-73-1 | 206-271-3 |
| Dieldrin | 60-57-1 | 200-484-5 | 50 mg/kg |
| Endrin | 72-20-8 | 200-775-7 | 50 mg/kg |
| Heptachlor | 76-44-8 | 200-962-3 | 50 mg/kg |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 118-74-1 | 200-273-9 | 50 mg/kg |
| Chlordecone | 143-50-0 | 205-601-3 | 50 mg/kg |
| Aldrin | 309-00-2 | 206-215-8 | 50 mg/kg |
| Pentachlorobenzene | 608-93-5 | 210-172-5 | 50 mg/kg |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) | 1336-36-3 and others | 215-648-1 | 50 mg/kg (37) |
| Mirex | 2385-85-5 | 219-196-6 | 50 mg/kg |
| Toxaphene | 8001-35-2 | 232-283-3 | 50 mg/kg |
| Hexabromobiphenyl | 36355-01-8 | 252-994-2 | 50 mg/kg |

Substance

CAS No.

EC No.

Concentration limit referred to in Article 7(4)(a)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF)

15 μg/kg (36)

36

DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane)

50-29-3

200-024-3

50 mg/kg

Chlordane

57-74-9

200-349-0

50 mg/kg

Hexachlorocyclohexanes, including lindane

58-89-9

210-168-9

50 mg/kg

319-84-6

200-401-2

319-85-7

206-270-8

608-73-1

206-271-3

Dieldrin

60-57-1

200-484-5

50 mg/kg

Endrin

72-20-8

200-775-7

50 mg/kg

Heptachlor

76-44-8

200-962-3

50 mg/kg

Hexachlorobenzene

118-74-1

200-273-9

50 mg/kg

Chlordecone

143-50-0

205-601-3

50 mg/kg

Aldrin

309-00-2

206-215-8

50 mg/kg

Pentachlorobenzene

608-93-5

210-172-5

50 mg/kg

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)

1336-36-3 and others

215-648-1

50 mg/kg (37)

37

Mirex

2385-85-5

219-196-6

50 mg/kg

Toxaphene

8001-35-2

232-283-3

50 mg/kg

Hexabromobiphenyl

36355-01-8

252-994-2

50 mg/kg

Waste which falls under the obligations of Article 7 of the POP Regulation because it contains POPs in concentrations which exceed the low POP content limit value is not necessarily a hazardous waste. For example a waste containing pentaBDE (main historic use in flexible PUR foams for automotive and upholstery applications) in a concentration of 5 % should be treated according to Article 7 of the POP Regulation (concentration limit for the sum of POP-BDEs 0,1 %) but is not a hazardous waste (limit value for pentaBDE 10 %). Note that all obligations for producers or holders of waste stemming from POPs Regulation have to be fulfilled independently whether the classification of waste in line with the LoW leads to the waste to be considered as hazardous or not.

Please note that for wastes which are only classified as hazardous due to their POP content it may be difficult to complete the consignment notes as usually the hazardous properties HP 1 to 15 have to be recorded and reported.

---

(1)  Please see for instance the entries marked with A, B and C in the table. For entries marked with ‘A’ the interpretation in the BMU Guidance Document differs from the abovepresented interpretation, see http://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/abfallwirtschaft/downloads/application/pdf/avv_erlaeuterungen.pdf. For entries marked with ‘B’, the interpretation in UK Guidance Document differs from the abovepresented interpretation, see https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/waste-classification-technical-guidance. ‘C’: The ‘xx xx 99’ entries are considered in some Member States as mirror non-hazardous (MNH) entries, see Classification réglementaire des déchets — Guide d'application pour la caractérisation en dangerosité/http://www.ineris.fr/centredoc/rapport-drc-15-149793-06416a-guidehp-vf2-1456135314.pdf

1

(2)  Entry introduced by Decision 2014/955/EU.

2

(3)  Entry introduced by Decision 2014/955/EU.

3

(4)  Entry introduced by Decision 2014/955/EU.

4

(5)  Entry introduced by Commission Decision 2014/955/EU.

5

| (#) | Hazardous components from electrical and electronic equipment may include accumulators and batteries mentioned in 16 06 and marked as hazardous; mercury switches, glass from cathode ray tubes and other activated glass, etc. |
| --- | --- |

(#)

Hazardous components from electrical and electronic equipment may include accumulators and batteries mentioned in 16 06 and marked as hazardous; mercury switches, glass from cathode ray tubes and other activated glass, etc.

(6)  ‘DRAFT Waste Classification — Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3’, by Natural Resources Wales, Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA), Environment Agency, available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/waste-classification-technical-guidance.

6

DRAFT Waste Classification — Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3

(7)  Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffen Maatschappij (OVAM) (2015): Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding, Mechelen, Belgium.

7

Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding

(8)  Based on: Natural Resources Wales, Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA), Environment Agency (2015): DRAFT Waste Classification — Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3, available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/waste-classification-technical-guidance, referred to throughout the document as ‘the UK Guidance’)

8

DRAFT Waste Classification — Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3

(9)  Further information on treatment steps and resulting fractions thereof can be found at Ministry for the Environment and Transport Baden-Wuerttemberg (2003): Handbook ‘How to apply the European Waste List 2001/118/EC’, Stuttgart, Germany, available at: http://abag-itm.de/fileadmin/Dateien/ABAG/Informationsschriften/Band_B/Band_B_englisch.pdf.

9

Handbook ‘How to apply the European Waste List 2001/118/EC’

(10)  Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffen Maatschappij (OVAM) (2015): Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding, Mechelen, Belgium, referred throughout the document as ‘the OVAM Guidance’.

10

Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding

(11)  Information from United States Environmental Protection Agency (2008): Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), available at: http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf.

11

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

(12)  European Environmental Agency (EEA) — Environmental Terminology and Discovery Service (ETSA) (2015), available at: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/, Access on 4.7.2015.

12

(13)  Idem 12.

13

(14)  Idem 11.

14

(15)  Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014): BTEX — Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes, available at: http://www.odh.ohio.gov/~/media/ODH/ASSETS/Files/eh/HAS/btex.ashx

15

BTEX — Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes

(16)  Idem 12.

16

(17)  Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (OJ L 286, 31.10.2009, p. 1).

17

(18)  Please see European Environmental Agency (2014): Ozone-depleting substances 2013 — Aggregated data reported by companies on the import, export, production, destruction and feedstock and process agent use of ozone-depleting substances in the European Union, available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ozone-depleting-substances-2013.

18

Ozone-depleting substances 2013 — Aggregated data reported by companies on the import, export, production, destruction and feedstock and process agent use of ozone-depleting substances in the European Union

(19)  Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (OJ 196, 16.8.1967, p. 1).

19

(20)  Directive 1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 1999 concerning the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations (OJ L 200, 30.7.1999, p. 1).

20

(21)  OVAM Guidance.

21

(22)  These activities are prohibited in Europe. Hence the entry no longer has much meaning for the classification of waste.

22

(23)  European Environmental Agency (EEA) — Environmental Terminology and Discovery Service (ETSA) (2015), available at: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/, Access on 4.7.2015.

23

(24)  Idem 21.

24

(25)  Asphalt Insitute and Eurobitume (2015): The Bitumen Industry — A Global Perspective, available at: http://eurobitume.eu/pdf/The_bitumen_industry/The_bitumen_Industry.html.

25

The Bitumen Industry — A Global Perspective

(26)  Idem 25.

26

(27)  Information in this section was extracted among others from David O'Farrell, Cumbria County Council (2011): Dealing with tar bound arisings, available at: http://www.soci.org/~/media/Files/Conference%20Downloads/2011/Recycling%20and%20Re%20using%20Asphalt%20Mar%2011/David_OFarrell_Presentation.ashx.

27

Dealing with tar bound arisings

(28)  Based on the UK Guidance.

28

(29)  Specific test methods are referred to in the CLP Regulation (test series A to H as described in Part II of UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria). More detailed information can be found in Guidance on the application of the CLP Criteria, latest version (July 2017) available at https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23036412/clp_en.pdf/58b5dc6d-ac2a-4910-9702-e9e1f5051cc5

29

Guidance on the application of the CLP Criteria

(30)  Information from the European Tyre and Rubber Industry (2014).

30

(31)  European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2014): End of waste criteria for waste plastics for conversion. Technical proposal. Final draft report, DG JRC, IPTS, Seville, Spain.

31

End of waste criteria for waste plastics for conversion. Technical proposal. Final draft report

(32)  Plastic Europe (2013): Plastics the facts 2013. An analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data.

32

Plastics the facts 2013. An analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data

(33)  Idem.

33

(34)  Jan J. C. Bart (2005): Additives in Polymers: Industrial Analysis and Applications, Wiley.

34

Industrial Analysis and Applications

(35)  For details see European Commission ‘Study to assess possibility of granting a derogation given to specific types of plastic and rubber waste in the EU waste list’, by BIPRO, 2015.

35

Study to assess possibility of granting a derogation given to specific types of plastic and rubber waste in the EU waste list

(36)  The limit is calculated as PCDD and PCDF according to the toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) as indicated in Regulation (EC) No 850/2004

36

(37)  Where applicable, the calculation method laid down in European standards EN 12766-1 and EN 12766-2 should be applied.

37

---

ANNEX 2

Data sources and information basis on hazardous substances

Once it is analysed which substances are present within the waste in question, it needs to be analysed if the identified substances are hazardous substances and how their chemical classification is determined. Annex 2 provides guidance on both, the examination whether identified substances are hazardous substances and their classification. It further describes data sources providing relevant information for this purpose. The major data sources are displayed in Figure 5. Reference is made to the respective chapter of this document (grey box) and to the official source (blue box). Further explanations on the data sources including information on their precedence are given in the respective paragraphs below.

Image

2.1   
  Classification of substances as hazardous according to the CLP Regulation

On many occasions, the decisive criterion for the assignment of MH or MNH entries is the presence of ‘hazardous substances’, in line with the HP-criteria and related thresholds contained in Annex III to the WFD (consult in detail Annex 3 of this document). The EU CLP Regulation provides the criteria to assess the physical, human health and environmental hazards of substances. A hazardous substance is a substance that is assigned a hazard statement code when classified using the CLP Regulation. Information about which hazard statement codes are assigned to which substances can be derived from harmonised classifications and when not available partly also from self-classifications (used under the responsibility of the operator and subject to the scrutiny of the competent authorities, given that self-classifications are not harmonised) as described in the following sections.

2.1.1   Harmonised classification of substances

Some substances are ‘officially’ classified by means of a formal decision at the EU level. These are referred to as ‘harmonised classifications’ and listed in Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation.

A harmonised classification provides information on the chemical classification and labelling of a substance:

| Hazard statement code | The code assigned to the hazard class and category. For example a carcinogen could be ‘H350’ or ‘H351’. |
| --- | --- |
| Hazard Class | The nature of the hazard. For example a carcinogenic is ‘Carc.’ |
| Hazard Category | A sub-category of the hazard class that describes the severity of the hazard. For example a carcinogen could be ‘1A’. ‘1B’ or ‘2’. |

Hazard statement code

The code assigned to the hazard class and category. For example a carcinogen could be ‘H350’ or ‘H351’.

Hazard Class

The nature of the hazard. For example a carcinogenic is ‘Carc.’

Hazard Category

A sub-category of the hazard class that describes the severity of the hazard. For example a carcinogen could be ‘1A’. ‘1B’ or ‘2’.

The hazard classes and categories presented in Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation take legal precedence over all other sources of information on those hazard classes and categories, and they must be used for classification. Note that a harmonised classification may be incomplete where it only covers the hazard classes and categories listed. For information on terminology please refer to the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation is regularly updated by adaptations to technical progress (ATPs). It contains two types of harmonised classifications:

| — | harmonised classifications for specific substances (such as e.g. ‘lead chromate’), and |
| --- | --- |

—

harmonised classifications for specific substances (such as e.g. ‘lead chromate’), and

| — | harmonised group classifications (such as e.g. ‘lead compounds’). |
| --- | --- |

—

harmonised group classifications (such as e.g. ‘lead compounds’).

Harmonised classifications can be found in the Classification and Labelling (C&L) Inventory maintained by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) (cf. Section 2.1.3). In case a harmonised classification for a specific substance exists this classification should prevail over the harmonised group classifications.

2.1.2   Self-classifications

Manufacturers, importers and downstream users of substances are obliged to perform a self-classification under the CLP Regulation (as required by CLP and also in the framework of registration of substances under REACH), determined through the application of the CLP classification criteria.

There can be multiple classifications for the same substance due to:

| — | the different composition, form or physical state of the substance placed on the market; |
| --- | --- |

—

the different composition, form or physical state of the substance placed on the market;

| — | a manufacturer or producer identifying insufficient information to assess that hazard class or category (which they will report as ‘data lacking’, ‘inconclusive’, or ‘conclusive but not sufficient for classification’); |
| --- | --- |

—

a manufacturer or producer identifying insufficient information to assess that hazard class or category (which they will report as ‘data lacking’, ‘inconclusive’, or ‘conclusive but not sufficient for classification’);

| — | the manufacturer, importer or downstream user has access to, or has generated, different or additional data. |
| --- | --- |

—

the manufacturer, importer or downstream user has access to, or has generated, different or additional data.

Self-classifications may be used to identify what hazard classes and categories have already been identified by other notifiers going beyond the harmonised classification and should serve as general information basis. It is recommended to check in particular those self-classifications showing the highest number of notifiers. There are ongoing efforts to get notifiers to agree on self-classifications. However, if no harmonised classification is available and only self-classifications for the substances in question are available, the waste holder should employ its best efforts to assign a classification, based on the published self-classifications in the C&L inventory and taking particular notice of the classification transmitted via the SDS of the relevant substance or mixture to the operator generating the waste.

2.1.3   The C&L Inventory as research tool

The C&L Inventory (1) managed by the ECHA can be used to search for the classification of substances or group of substances which are relevant in the context of waste classification (and, if applicable, for verification of that information). This inventory allows for an easy research for harmonised classifications of substances or group of substances as it contains information from Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation. It also contains self-classifications provided in the framework of registration of substances under REACH and notifications of unregistered substances (e.g. low volume importers who are not obliged to register). When no harmonised classification and more than one self-classification is reported in the C&L Inventory, the ECHA database on registered substances (2) can help supporting information obtained from the C&L Inventory.

Furthermore the C&L Inventory is translated into all EU languages.

However, it should be noted that the C&L Inventory is subject to regular changes in content and the content should be considered with caution (e.g. the convergence of classifications per substance is a steady work in progress in the C&L Inventory).

Please find below the exemplary harmonised entry of ‘lead chromate’ (CAS Number 7758-97-6) as it is displayed in the C&L Inventory.

Image

As displayed in Figure 6, ‘lead chromate’ is classified as:

| — | Carc. 1B | H350 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| — | Repr. 1A | H360Df |
| — | STOT RE 2 | H373** |
| — | Aquatic Acute 1 | H400 |
| — | Aquatic Chronic 1 | H410 |

—

Carc. 1B

H350

—

Repr. 1A

H360Df

—

STOT RE 2

H373**

—

Aquatic Acute 1

H400

—

Aquatic Chronic 1

H410

In order to assess if the waste in question displays hazardous properties (see Chapter 3.2.2 and Annex 3) due to its content of the hazardous substance ‘lead chromate’, the information on hazard class, hazard category and hazard statement codes of ‘lead chromate’ needs to be considered.

2.2   
  Information on composition, properties and waste management of substances/ mixtures becoming waste

For substances and mixtures that are classified as hazardous according to CLP, as also for non-classified mixtures containing hazardous substances above certain thresholds, a SDS need to be provided by the supplier. SDS have to fulfil certain requirements and comply with a format defined in Article 31 of the REACH Regulation, and must include information:

| — | on the classification of the substance or mixture in accordance with Title II of CLP Regulation (section 2 of the SDS); this may be a harmonised classification or a self-classification (see Section 2.1); |
| --- | --- |

—

on the classification of the substance or mixture in accordance with Title II of CLP Regulation (section 2 of the SDS); this may be a harmonised classification or a self-classification (see Section 2.1);

| — | on the composition / the ingredients (section 3 of the SDS); |
| --- | --- |

—

on the composition / the ingredients (section 3 of the SDS);

| — | on ‘disposal considerations’ (section 13 of the SDS); |
| --- | --- |

—

on ‘disposal considerations’ (section 13 of the SDS);

| — | on exposure scenarios (in the Annex). |
| --- | --- |

—

on exposure scenarios (in the Annex).

With this information available, the SDS can be a useful information tool for the further assessment steps that have to be carried out during classification according to the LoW once a particular product has become waste.

Note that in case the product becoming waste is a mixture of two or more substances (e.g. a pot of varnish), the classification information for mixtures is a valuable source of information in general and secondly the classifications of the individual component substances must be used, rather than the overall chemical classification of the mixture. Section 3 of a SDS for mixtures provides the classifications according to CLP for the individual hazardous constituents of the mixture. This information may be validated or complemented by means of a search in the C&L inventory (cf. Section 2.1.3).

Note that for substances and mixtures for which a SDS is not mandatory as well as also in the case of articles, voluntary product information sheets may be available that are not conforming to SDS but can provide information on composition and recommended disposal practices.

Additional checks are recommended where either:

| — | the information provided may be out of date (a product is discarded considerable time after it was last supplied); |
| --- | --- |

—

the information provided may be out of date (a product is discarded considerable time after it was last supplied);

| — | there is any reason to believe the information is incomplete, inadequate, or inaccurate. |
| --- | --- |

—

there is any reason to believe the information is incomplete, inadequate, or inaccurate.

| — | information on the waste-generating process suggests that additional substances (e.g. contaminants) may be present in the waste which are not covered by SDS. |
| --- | --- |

—

information on the waste-generating process suggests that additional substances (e.g. contaminants) may be present in the waste which are not covered by SDS.

2.3   
  Other information sources

Apart from the information sources presented in the previous chapters, there may exist further useful literature on the presence and content of substances potentially present in waste. Which source can be consulted must be decided on a case-by-case basis. In general, potential examples are:

| — | BREF documents; |
| --- | --- |

—

BREF documents;

| — | Industrial process handbooks; |
| --- | --- |

—

Industrial process handbooks;

| — | Sector notebooks of the US Environmental Protection Agency; |
| --- | --- |

—

Sector notebooks of the US Environmental Protection Agency;

| — | Process and substance information from the producer of the waste (process descriptions); |
| --- | --- |

—

Process and substance information from the producer of the waste (process descriptions);

| — | Databases on typical composition of certain wastes (3). |
| --- | --- |

—

Databases on typical composition of certain wastes (3).

---

(1)  http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/clp/cl-inventory.

(2)  http://echa.europa.eu/de/information-on-chemicals/registered-substances.

(3)  It should be noted that in some Member States, e.g. Germany, databases specifically referring to composition, physical-chemical properties and classification of waste streams are publicly available.

---

ANNEX 3

Specific approaches to determine hazard properties (HP 1 to HP 15)

3.1.   
  Determining HP 1: Explosive

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 1 ‘Explosive’ as:

‘waste which is capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings. Pyrotechnic waste, explosive organic peroxide waste and explosive self-reactive waste is included.’

Regarding HP 1, it is important to note that the scope of WFD excludes ‘decommissioned waste explosives’ (see Section 3.1.1). Thus, it is recommended to check whether the relevant waste in question is subject to the rules of WFD and LoW in the first place.

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances classified by one of the hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes shown in Table 1 [see Table 8 of this document], the waste shall be assessed for HP 1, where appropriate and proportionate, according to test methods. If the presence of a substance, a mixture or an article indicates that the waste is explosive, it shall be classified as hazardous by HP 1.’

Waste containing substances that are classified with the hazard class, category and statement codes in Table 8 can be tested to show whether it displays that hazardous property or not. Alternatively, a waste containing those substances can simply be assumed to be hazardous by HP 1.

Table 8

Table 8

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 1 Explosive

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 1 Explosive

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unst. Expl. | H200 | Unstable explosives |
| Expl. 1.1 | H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard. |
| Expl. 1.2 | H202 | Explosive, severe projection hazard |
| Expl. 1.3 | H203 | Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard |
| Expl. 1.4 | H204 | Fire or projection hazard |
| Self-react. A | H240 | Heating may cause an explosion |
| Org. Perox. A |
| Self-react. B | H241 | Heating may cause a fire or explosion |
| Org. Perox. B |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Unst. Expl.

H200

Unstable explosives

Unstable explosives

Expl. 1.1

H201

Explosive; mass explosion hazard.

Explosive; mass explosion hazard.

Expl. 1.2

H202

Explosive, severe projection hazard

Explosive, severe projection hazard

Expl. 1.3

H203

Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

Explosive; fire, blast or projection hazard

Expl. 1.4

H204

Fire or projection hazard

Fire or projection hazard

Self-react. A

H240

Heating may cause an explosion

Heating may cause an explosion

Org. Perox. A

Self-react. B

H241

Heating may cause a fire or explosion

Heating may cause a fire or explosion

Org. Perox. B

Where a product that has become waste is known to be explosive, it should also be considered as HP 1.

Some substances may be explosive under certain conditions, e.g. those assigned Hazard statement Codes H205 May mass explode in fire or EUH001 Explosive when dry. These substances do not make a waste hazardous by HP 1, but their presence in a waste could make that waste exhibit hazardous property HP 15; see Section 1.2.1 for further details.

May mass explode in fire

Explosive when dry

A waste containing a substance classified as H240 or H241 should be considered for HP 3 flammable where the waste is not hazardous by HP 1.

Figure 7 sets out the assessment process for HP 1 (1).

1

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

Part A of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following test method which may be regarded in the assessment of HP 1 ‘Explosive’:

| — | A.14. Explosive Properties |
| --- | --- |

—

A.14. Explosive Properties

Wastes containing substances listed in Table 8 should be tested for explosive properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Separate sections are provided in ECHA CLP Guidance for testing of mixtures containing:

| — | organic peroxides |
| --- | --- |

—

organic peroxides

| — | self-reactive substances and mixtures |
| --- | --- |

—

self-reactive substances and mixtures

| — | explosives. |
| --- | --- |

—

explosives.

The CLP Regulation classifies self-reactive substances and mixtures in one of the seven categories of ‘types A to G’, see the ECHA CLP Guidance. Waste containing an organic peroxide or a self-reacting substance, where the waste is classified by testing as Type A (H240) or Type B (H241), displays HP 1. Where this is not the case, a waste classified as Type C, D, E or F (H242) displays HP 3.

A waste containing another substance listed in Table 8, where the waste is classified by testing as Unstable Explosive (H200), Division 1.1(H201), 1.2(H202), 1.3(H203) or 1.4(H204), displays HP 1.

A detailed example for an assessment of organic peroxides according to HP 1 can be found in Annex 1, Section 1.4.7.

3.2.   
  Determining HP 2: Oxidising

Determining HP 2: Oxidising

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 2 ‘Oxidising’ as:

‘waste which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances classified by one of the hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes shown in Table 2 [see Table 9 of this document], the waste shall be assessed for HP 2, where appropriate and proportionate, according to test methods. If the presence of a substance indicates that the waste is oxidising, it shall be classified as hazardous by HP 2.’

A waste containing substances that are classified with the hazard class, category and statement codes in Table 9 can be tested to show whether it displays that hazardous property or not. Alternatively a waste containing those substances can simply be assumed to be hazardous by HP 2.

Table 9

Table 9

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 2 Oxidising

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 2 Oxidising

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ox. Gas 1 | H270 | May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser |
| Ox. Liq. 1 | H271 | May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser |
| Ox. Sol. 1 |
| Ox. Liq. 2
  Ox. Liq. 3 | H272 | May intensify fire; oxidiser |
| Ox. Sol. 2
  Ox. Sol. 3 |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Ox. Gas 1

H270

May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser

Ox. Liq. 1

H271

May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser

Ox. Sol. 1

Ox. Liq. 2

Ox. Liq. 3

H272

May intensify fire; oxidiser

May intensify fire; oxidiser

Ox. Sol. 2

Ox. Sol. 3

Where

| — | the waste contains only one of these substances; |
| --- | --- |

—

the waste contains only one of these substances;

| — | that substance is assigned a specific concentration limit in Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to CLP. It should be noted that there are no generic concentration limits applicable to this hazard class; |
| --- | --- |

—

that substance is assigned a specific concentration limit in Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to CLP. It should be noted that there are no generic concentration limits applicable to this hazard class;

| — | that substance is present in the waste below that limit; |
| --- | --- |

—

that substance is present in the waste below that limit;

it can be assumed that the waste is not hazardous by HP 2.

An example is ‘nitric acid’ which is listed as H272, Ox. Liq. 3 with a specific concentration limit of ≥ 65 %. Where ‘nitric acid’ is present in a waste above 65 % that waste has to be classified as HP 2 (in addition to HP 8). The only other substance which, up to ATP 10 of CLP (2) has an SCL for oxidising properties is hydrogen peroxide, with a limit of 50 %.

2

Calculation method for oxidising gases

Calculation method for oxidising gases

Where a waste contains a substance assigned H270 it is possible to calculate whether or not the waste displays HP 2. The calculation method is provided by ISO 10156 (as amended) and should be applied in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Figure 8 sets out the assessment process for HP 2 (3).

3

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

Part A of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following test methods which may be regarded in the assessment of HP 2 ‘Oxidising’:

| — | A.17. Oxidising Properties (Solids) |
| --- | --- |

—

A.17. Oxidising Properties (Solids)

| — | A.21. Oxidising Properties (Liquids) |
| --- | --- |

—

A.21. Oxidising Properties (Liquids)

Wastes containing substances listed in Table 9 should be tested on oxidising properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance. Separate sections are provided in the ECHA CLP Guidance for testing of mixtures containing:

| — | Oxidising gases |
| --- | --- |

—

Oxidising gases

| — | Oxidising liquids |
| --- | --- |

—

Oxidising liquids

| — | Oxidising solids. |
| --- | --- |

—

Oxidising solids.

A waste containing an oxidising substance, where the waste is classified by testing as H270, H271, or H272, displays HP 2.

3.3.   
  Determining HP 3: Flammable

Determining HP 3: Flammable

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 3 ‘Flammable’ over 6 indents:

—   
  ‘flammable liquid waste
  :

—   
  flammable pyrophoric liquid and solid waste
  :

—   
  flammable solid waste
  :

—   
  flammable gaseous waste
  :

—   
  water reactive waste
  :

—   
  other flammable waste
  :

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes shown in Table 3 [see Table 10 of this document], the waste shall be assessed, where appropriate and proportionate, according to test methods. If the presence of a substance indicates that the waste is flammable, it shall be classified as hazardous by HP 3’

A waste containing substances that are classified with the hazard class, category and statement codes in Table 10 can be tested to show whether it displays that hazardous property or not. Alternatively a waste containing those substances, other than in trace amounts, can simply be assumed to be hazardous by HP 3.

Table 10

Table 10

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 3 Flammable

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 3 Flammable

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Flam. Gas 1 | H220 | Extremely flammable gas |
| Flam. Gas 2 | H221 | Flammable gas |
| Aerosol 1 | H222 | Extremely flammable aerosol |
| Aerosol 2 | H223 | Flammable aerosol |
| Flam. Liq. 1 | H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapour |
| Flam. Liq.2 | H225 | Highly flammable liquid and vapour |
| Flam. Liq. 3 | H226 | Flammable liquid and vapour |
| Flam. Sol. 1
  Flam. Sol. 2 | H228 | Flammable solid |
| Self-react. CD
  Self-react. EF
  Org. Perox. CD
  Org. Perox. EF | H242 | Heating may cause a fire |
| Pyr. Liq. 1
  Pyr. Sol. 1 | H250 | Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air |
| Self-heat.1 | H251 | Self-heating: may catch fire |
| Self-heat. 2 | H252 | Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire |
| Water-react. 1 | H260 | In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously |
| Water-react. 2
  Water-react. 3 | H261 | In contact with water releases flammable gases |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Flam. Gas 1

H220

Extremely flammable gas

Flam. Gas 2

H221

Flammable gas

Aerosol 1

H222

Extremely flammable aerosol

Aerosol 2

H223

Flammable aerosol

Flam. Liq. 1

H224

Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

Flam. Liq.2

H225

Highly flammable liquid and vapour

Flam. Liq. 3

H226

Flammable liquid and vapour

Flam. Sol. 1

Flam. Sol. 2

H228

Flammable solid

Self-react. CD

Self-react. EF

Org. Perox. CD

Org. Perox. EF

H242

Heating may cause a fire

Pyr. Liq. 1

Pyr. Sol. 1

H250

Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

Self-heat.1

H251

Self-heating: may catch fire

Self-heat. 2

H252

Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire

Water-react. 1

H260

In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

Water-react. 2

Water-react. 3

H261

In contact with water releases flammable gases

Where a waste contains substances assigned H220 or H221 it is possible to calculate whether or not the waste displays HP 3 (fourth indent). The calculation method is provided by ISO 10156 and should be applied in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Where a waste contains substance assigned H260 or H261, i.e. a substance which is capable of releasing a highly flammable gas at a rate in excess of 1 litre of gas per kilogram of substance per hour when water is added, it is possible to calculate the minimum concentration of the substance in the waste that would make it hazardous by HP 3 (fifth indent). Below this concentration the waste is not considered hazardous pursuant to HP 3 (fifth indent). At or above the concentration the waste is considered to be HP 3, or tested. Examples of substances and calculation are provided by the UK Guidance and are presented in the following section.

A brief example for an assessment of organic peroxides according to HP 3 based on assessing HP 1 can be found in Section 1.4.7. Figure 9 sets out the determination process for HP 3 (4).

4

Image

Calculation method for HP 3 (fifth indent)

Calculation method for HP 3 (fifth indent)

As already indicated, a substance is assigned H260 or H261 if it is capable of releasing a highly flammable gas at a rate in excess of 1 litre of gas per kilogram of substance per hour when water is added.

If a waste contains a substance assigned H260 or H261, it is possible to calculate the limiting concentration of the substance in the waste that would make it hazardous by HP 3 (fifth indent). The background of this calculation method is, that the amount of the reactive substance needed to generate one litre of the flammable gas is calculated, based on stoichiometry and by applying the volume of a mol of gas at standard pressure and temperature. The concentration limit of one litre is taken from test method A.12. Flammability (Contact with water) as described in Part A of the Annex to the Test Method Regulation.

Below this concentration the waste will not be hazardous as a result of HP 3 (fifth indent). At or above the concentration the waste should be assumed to be HP 3, or tested. An example of how to do the calculation is taken from the UK Guidance and presented below in Box 3 (5).

5

| Calculation method HP 3 (fifth indent)









  1. | Write a balanced equation for the reaction that produces the gas. The general form of this equation should be as follows:











  rR | + | wW | → | pP | + | gG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

Calculation method HP 3 (fifth indent)

Calculation method HP 3 (fifth indent)

1.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that produces the gas. The general form of this equation should be as follows:

rR

+

wW

→

pP

+

gG

where R is the H260/H261 substance, W is water, P is a product of the reaction, and G is the gas released; r, w, p and g are the stoichiometric ratios that balance the equation.

| 2. | Attribute molecular weights and stoichiometric ratios to the substances in the equation. |
| --- | --- |

2.

Attribute molecular weights and stoichiometric ratios to the substances in the equation.

| 3. | Divide (r × molar weight of R) by (g × 22,4). This gives the mass of R that will evolve 1 litre of gas. 1 mol of gas occupies 22,4 litres at standard temperature and pressure. |
| --- | --- |

3.

Divide (r × molar weight of R) by (g × 22,4). This gives the mass of R that will evolve 1 litre of gas. 1 mol of gas occupies 22,4 litres at standard temperature and pressure.

| 4. | Divide this amount (in grams) by 1 000 (to convert to kilograms) and multiply it by 100 to give a percentage by weight, and thus the limiting concentration for HP 3 (fifth indent) of substance R.
  Example calculation: A waste contains aluminium carbide. Aluminium carbide is a H260 substance which reacts with water to give methane gas.











  Al4C3 | + | 6H2O | → | 2Al2O3 | + | 3CH4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| aluminium carbide | | water | | aluminium oxide | | methane |
| 144 g | | 18 g | | 102 g | | 16 g |
| 1 mol | | 6 mol | | 2 mol | | 3 mol |

4.

Divide this amount (in grams) by 1 000 (to convert to kilograms) and multiply it by 100 to give a percentage by weight, and thus the limiting concentration for HP 3 (fifth indent) of substance R.

Example calculation: A waste contains aluminium carbide. Aluminium carbide is a H260 substance which reacts with water to give methane gas.

Al4C3

4

3

+

6H2O

2

→

2Al2O3

2

3

+

3CH4

4

aluminium carbide

water

aluminium oxide

methane

144 g

18 g

102 g

16 g

1 mol

6 mol

2 mol

3 mol

r = 1 mol of Al4C3, R = 144 g; g = 3 mol CH4.

4

3

4

Limiting concentration of aluminium carbide in waste = [144 / (3 × 22,4)] / 1 000 × 100, which is 0,21 % (approximately 0,2 %).

| Box 3: | Calculation method HP 3 (fifth indent) |
| --- | --- |

Box 3:

Box 3:

Calculation method HP 3 (fifth indent)

Threshold limits derived from the calculation for some H260 and H261 substances are given in Table 11.

Table 11

Table 11

Examples of substances which may cause a waste to exhibit HP 3 Flammable (fifth indent) and their threshold concentrations
   (6)

Examples of substances which may cause a waste to exhibit HP 3 Flammable (fifth indent) and their threshold concentrations

6

| Substance name | Hazard Statement Codes associated with HP 3 (fifth indent) | Equation | Concentration limit for waste to be H3-A (fifth indent) (%) (7) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lithium | H260 | 2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2 | 0,1 |
| Sodium | H260 | 2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 | 0,2 |
| Magnesium powder (pyrophoric) | H261 | Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2 | 0,1 |
| Aluminium powder (pyrophoric)
  Aluminium powder (stabilised) | H261 | 2Al + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 | 0,1 |
| Potassium | H260 | 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2 | 0,4 |
| Calcium | H261 | Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 | 0,2 |
| Zinc powder / zinc dust (pyrophoric) | H260 | Zn + 2H2O → Zn(OH)2 + H2 | 0,3 |
| Zirconium powder (pyrophoric) | H260 | Zr + 4H2O → Zr(OH)4 + 2H2 | 0,2 |
| Aluminium carbide | H260 | Al4C3 + 6H2O → 2Al2O3 + 3CH4 | 0,2 |
| Lithium aluminium hydride | H260 | LiAlH4+ H2O → LiAl(OH)2 + 4H2 | 0,1 |
| Sodium hydride | H260 | NaH + H2O → NaOH + H2 | 0,1 |
| Calcium hydride | H260 | CaH2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2 | 0,1 |
| Calcium carbide | H260 | CaC2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 | 0,3 |
| Calcium phosphide | H260 | Ca3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Ca(OH)2 | 0,4 |
| Aluminium phosphide | H260 | AlP + 3H2O → PH3 + Al(OH)3 | 0,3 |
| Magnesium phosphide | H260 | Mg3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Mg(OH)2 | 0,3 |
| Trizinc diphosphide | H260 | Zn3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Zn(OH)2 | 0,6 |
| Diethyl (ethyldimethyl-silanolato) aluminium | H260 | (C2H5)2Si(CH3)2C2H5Al + 2H2O → 2C2H6 + Al(OH)2Si(CH3)2C2H5 | 0,4 |

Substance name

Hazard Statement Codes associated with HP 3 (fifth indent)

Equation

Concentration limit for waste to be H3-A (fifth indent) (%) (7)

7

Lithium

H260

2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2

2

2

0,1

Sodium

H260

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

2

2

0,2

Magnesium powder (pyrophoric)

H261

Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2

2

2

2

0,1

Aluminium powder (pyrophoric)

Aluminium powder (stabilised)

H261

2Al + 6H2O → 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

2

3

2

0,1

Potassium

H260

2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

2

2

0,4

Calcium

H261

Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2

2

2

2

0,2

Zinc powder / zinc dust (pyrophoric)

H260

Zn + 2H2O → Zn(OH)2 + H2

2

2

2

0,3

Zirconium powder (pyrophoric)

H260

Zr + 4H2O → Zr(OH)4 + 2H2

2

4

2

0,2

Aluminium carbide

H260

Al4C3 + 6H2O → 2Al2O3 + 3CH4

4

3

2

2

3

4

0,2

Lithium aluminium hydride

H260

LiAlH4+ H2O → LiAl(OH)2 + 4H2

4

2

2

2

0,1

Sodium hydride

H260

NaH + H2O → NaOH + H2

2

2

0,1

Calcium hydride

H260

CaH2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2

2

2

2

2

0,1

Calcium carbide

H260

CaC2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2

2

2

2

2

2

0,3

Calcium phosphide

H260

Ca3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Ca(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,4

Aluminium phosphide

H260

AlP + 3H2O → PH3 + Al(OH)3

2

3

3

0,3

Magnesium phosphide

H260

Mg3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Mg(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,3

Trizinc diphosphide

H260

Zn3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Zn(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,6

Diethyl (ethyldimethyl-silanolato) aluminium

H260

(C2H5)2Si(CH3)2C2H5Al + 2H2O → 2C2H6 + Al(OH)2Si(CH3)2C2H5

2

5

2

3

2

2

5

2

2

6

2

3

2

2

5

0,4

Test Methods

Test Methods

Part A of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following test methods which may be regarded in the assessment of HP 3 ‘Flammable’:

| — | A.10. Flammability (Solids) |
| --- | --- |

—

A.10. Flammability (Solids)

| — | A.11. Flammability (Gases) |
| --- | --- |

—

A.11. Flammability (Gases)

| — | A.12. Flammability (Contact with water) |
| --- | --- |

—

A.12. Flammability (Contact with water)

Wastes containing substances listed in Table 10 should be tested for flammable properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance. Separate sections are provided in the ECHA CLP Guidance for testing of mixtures containing:

| — | flammable gases |
| --- | --- |

—

flammable gases

| — | aerosols |
| --- | --- |

—

aerosols

| — | flammable liquids |
| --- | --- |

—

flammable liquids

| — | flammable solids |
| --- | --- |

—

flammable solids

| — | self-reactive substances and mixtures |
| --- | --- |

—

self-reactive substances and mixtures

| — | pyrophoric liquids |
| --- | --- |

—

pyrophoric liquids

| — | pyrophoric solids |
| --- | --- |

—

pyrophoric solids

| — | self-heating substances and mixtures |
| --- | --- |

—

self-heating substances and mixtures

| — | water reactive substances |
| --- | --- |

—

water reactive substances

| — | organic peroxides (2.15). |
| --- | --- |

—

organic peroxides (2.15).

3.4.   
  Determining HP 4: Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage

Determining HP 4: Irritant — skin irritation and eye damage

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 4 ‘Irritant’ as:

‘waste which on application can cause skin irritation or damage to the eye’

HP 4 is linked to HP 8 ‘Corrosive’, since both HPs refer to the potential for harm or damage to tissue at different levels of severity. Regarding HP 8, consult Section 3.8 for further details.

Note that:

| — | Hazardous waste containing irritant substances can display irritant properties (depending on concentration); |
| --- | --- |

—

Hazardous waste containing irritant substances can display irritant properties (depending on concentration);

| — | Hazardous waste containing corrosive substances can display either corrosive or irritant properties depending on concentration. |
| --- | --- |

—

Hazardous waste containing corrosive substances can display either corrosive or irritant properties depending on concentration.

Mechanical irritation produced by some substances is not included within the definition of HP 4.

The WFD further explains that:

| | When a waste contains one or more substances in concentrations above the cut-off value, that are classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and one or more of the following concentration limits is exceeded or equalled, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 4. |
| --- | --- |

When a waste contains one or more substances in concentrations above the cut-off value, that are classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and one or more of the following concentration limits is exceeded or equalled, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 4.

When a waste contains one or more substances in concentrations above the cut-off value, that are classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and one or more of the following concentration limits is exceeded or equalled, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 4.

| | The cut-off value for consideration in an assessment for Skin corr. 1A (H314), Skin irrit. 2 (H315), Eye dam. 1 (H318) and Eye irrit. 2 (H319) is 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

The cut-off value for consideration in an assessment for Skin corr. 1A (H314), Skin irrit. 2 (H315), Eye dam. 1 (H318) and Eye irrit. 2 (H319) is 1 %.

The cut-off value for consideration in an assessment for Skin corr. 1A (H314), Skin irrit. 2 (H315), Eye dam. 1 (H318) and Eye irrit. 2 (H319) is 1 %.

| | If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as Skin corr. 1A (H314) exceeds or equals 1 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4. |
| --- | --- |

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as Skin corr. 1A (H314) exceeds or equals 1 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as Skin corr. 1A (H314) exceeds or equals 1 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

| | If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as H318 exceeds or equals 10 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4. |
| --- | --- |

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as H318 exceeds or equals 10 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as H318 exceeds or equals 10 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

| | If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified H315 and H319 exceeds or equals 20 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4. |
| --- | --- |

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified H315 and H319 exceeds or equals 20 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

If the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified H315 and H319 exceeds or equals 20 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 4.

| | Note that wastes containing substances classified as H314 (Skin corr.1A, 1B or 1C) in amounts greater than or equal to 5 % will be classified as hazardous by HP 8. HP 4 will not apply if the waste is classified as HP 8. |
| --- | --- |

Note that wastes containing substances classified as H314 (Skin corr.1A, 1B or 1C) in amounts greater than or equal to 5 % will be classified as hazardous by HP 8. HP 4 will not apply if the waste is classified as HP 8.

Note that wastes containing substances classified as H314 (Skin corr.1A, 1B or 1C) in amounts greater than or equal to 5 % will be classified as hazardous by HP 8. HP 4 will not apply if the waste is classified as HP 8.

Table 12

Table 12

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 4

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 4

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit (total of substances) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Skin Corr. 1A | H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage | ≥ 1 % and < 5 % |
| Eye Dam. 1 | H318 | Causes serious eye damage | ≥ 10 % |
| Skin irrit. 2
  and
  Eye irrit. 2 | H315
  and
  H319 | Causes skin irritation
  and
  Causes serious eye irritation | ≥ 20 % (8) |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit (total of substances)

Skin Corr. 1A

H314

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

≥ 1 % and < 5 %

Eye Dam. 1

H318

Causes serious eye damage

≥ 10 %

Skin irrit. 2

and

Eye irrit. 2

H315

and

H319

Causes skin irritation

and

Causes serious eye irritation

≥ 20 % (8)

8

An example for the assessment of wastes containing CaO and Ca(OH)2 according to HP 4 can be found in Annex 1.4.4.

2

For a waste containing a substance that is H314 Skin Corr.1A, 1B or 1C at a concentration ≥ 5 % see also HP 8 Corrosive (Annex 3.8) as this waste should be classified as hazardous by HP 8 and not by HP 4.

The abovementioned concentration limits are applied to the known components of a waste. It may be difficult to identify all specific substances present in certain wastes. Where the waste is not ‘Irritant’ as a result of the known substances and some substances are still unknown, the pH value of the waste should be used for assessment (see Figure 10).

A waste with a pH ≤ 2 or ≥ 11,5 should generally be considered HP 8 Corrosive unless both:

| — | an acid or alkali reserve test suggests that the classification as ‘Corrosive’ is not warranted, and |
| --- | --- |

—

an acid or alkali reserve test suggests that the classification as ‘Corrosive’ is not warranted, and

| — | further in vitro testing, or existing human experience and animal data from single or repeated exposure has confirmed that classification as neither ‘Irritant’/‘Corrosive’ applies. |
| --- | --- |

—

further in vitro testing, or existing human experience and animal data from single or repeated exposure has confirmed that classification as neither ‘Irritant’/‘Corrosive’ applies.

The acid/ alkali reserve test measures the buffering capacity of the waste (9).

9

Cut-off values

Cut-off values

The following cut-off values apply to the assessment:

| — | for H314, H315, H318 and H319 the cut off value is 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

—

for H314, H315, H318 and H319 the cut off value is 1 %.

An individual substance present at a concentration below this cut off value is not included in the total concentrations given in Table 12 and Figure 10.

Figure 10 sets out the assessment process for HP 4 (10).

10

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 4 assessment of a waste is to be done on the basis of

| — | identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits in Annex III to the WFD. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits in Annex III to the WFD.

If testing is considered to determine this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 12 should be tested for irritant properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance. A mixture assigned H315, H318 or H319 by this assessment is considered HP 4.

If testing is considered, a combination of acid/ alkali reserve test and in-vitro testing is recommended. An example on how to integrate the acid/ alkali reserve and in-vitro testing into a general testing setting can be found in the UK Guidance.

As already described above, the acid/ alkali reserve test measures the buffering capacity of the waste.

Part B of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following test method which may be regarded in the assessment of HP 4 ‘Irritant’:

| — | B.46 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method |
| --- | --- |

—

B.46 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on animal testing are not appropriate (11).

11

Further in-vitro methods may be available from other sources, such as the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (12).

12

Where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to the WFD, the results of the test should prevail.

3.5.   
  Determining HP 5: Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) / Aspiration Toxicity

Determining HP 5: Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT) / Aspiration Toxicity

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 5 ‘Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/ Aspiration Toxicity’ as:

‘waste which can cause specific target organ toxicity either from a single or repeated exposure, or which cause acute toxic effects following aspiration’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances classified by one or more of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes shown in Table 4 [see Table 13 of this document], and one or more of the concentration limits in Table 4 [see Table 13 of this document] is exceeded or equalled, the waste shall be classified as hazardous according to HP 5. When substances classified as STOT are present in a waste, an individual substance has to be present at or above the concentration limit for the waste to be classified as hazardous by HP 5.

When a waste contains one or more substances classified as Asp. Tox. 1 and the sum of those substances exceeds or equals the concentration limit, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 5 only where the overall kinematic viscosity (at 40 °C) does not exceed 20,5 mm2/s
   (13).

Table 13

Table 13

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 5

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 5

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| STOT SE 1 | H370 | Causes damage to organs | ≥ 1 % (Indiv.) |
| STOT SE 2 | H371 | May cause damage to organs | ≥ 10 % (Indiv.) |
| STOT SE 3 | H335 | May cause respiratory irritation | ≥ 20 % (Indiv.) |
| STOT RE 1 | H372 | Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure | ≥ 1 % (Indiv.) |
| STOT RE 2 | H373 | May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure | ≥ 10 % (Indiv.) |
| Asp. Tox. 1 | H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways | ≥ 10 % (total) |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

STOT SE 1

H370

Causes damage to organs

≥ 1 % (Indiv.)

STOT SE 2

H371

May cause damage to organs

≥ 10 % (Indiv.)

STOT SE 3

H335

May cause respiratory irritation

≥ 20 % (Indiv.)

STOT RE 1

H372

Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

≥ 1 % (Indiv.)

STOT RE 2

H373

May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

≥ 10 % (Indiv.)

Asp. Tox. 1

H304

May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways

≥ 10 % (total)

An example for the assessment of wastes containing CaO and Ca(OH)2 according to HP 5 can be found in Annex 1, Section 1.4.4.

2

Figure 11 sets out the determination process for the HP 5 (14).

14

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 5 assessment of a waste is made based

| — | on the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

on the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered when determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 13 should be assessed for specific target organ toxicity and aspiration toxicity properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on animal testing are not appropriate (15). Further in-vitro methods may be available from other sources, such as the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (16).

15

16

Where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to the WFD, the results of the test should prevail.

3.6.   
  Determining HP 6: Acute Toxicity

Determining HP 6: Acute Toxicity

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 6 ‘Acute Toxicity’ as:

‘waste which can cause acute toxic effects following oral or dermal administration, or inhalation exposure’.

The WFD further explains that:

‘If the sum of the concentrations of all substances contained in a waste, classified with an acute toxic hazard class and category code and hazard statement code given in Table 5 [see Table 14 of this document], exceeds or equals the threshold given in that table, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 6. When more than one substance classified as acute toxic is present in a waste, the sum of the concentrations is required only for substances within the same hazard category.’

Cut-off values

Cut-off values

The following cut-off values apply to the assessment:

| — | for H300, H310, H330, H301, H311, and H331: 0,1 % |
| --- | --- |

—

for H300, H310, H330, H301, H311, and H331: 0,1 %

| — | for H302, H312, H332: 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

—

for H302, H312, H332: 1 %.

An individual substances present at a concentration below the cut off, for a hazard statement code assigned to it, is not included in the sum of the concentrations for that hazard class and category code.

Table 14

Table 14

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 6

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 6

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (sum of substances) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Acute Tox.1 (Oral) | H300 | Fatal if swallowed | ≥ 0,1 % |
| Acute Tox. 2 (Oral) | H300 | Fatal if swallowed | ≥ 0,25 % |
| Acute Tox. 3 (Oral) | H301 | Toxic if swallowed | ≥ 5 % |
| Acute Tox.4 (Oral) | H302 | Harmful if swallowed | ≥ 25 % |
| Acute Tox.1 (Dermal) | H310 | Fatal in contact with skin | ≥ 0,25 % |
| Acute Tox.2 (Dermal) | H310 | Fatal in contact with skin | ≥ 2,5 % |
| Acute Tox.3 (Dermal) | H311 | Toxic in contact with skin | ≥ 15 % |
| Acute Tox. 4 (Dermal) | H312 | Harmful in contact with skin | ≥ 55 % |
| Acute Tox.1 (Inhal.) | H330 | Fatal if inhaled | ≥ 0,1 % |
| Acute Tox.2 (Inhal.) | H330 | Fatal if inhaled | ≥ 0,5 % |
| Acute Tox. 3 (Inhal.) | H331 | Toxic if inhaled | ≥ 3,5 % |
| Acute Tox. 4 (Inhal.) | H332 | Harmful if inhaled | ≥ 22,5 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(sum of substances)

Acute Tox.1 (Oral)

H300

Fatal if swallowed

≥ 0,1 %

Acute Tox. 2 (Oral)

H300

Fatal if swallowed

≥ 0,25 %

Acute Tox. 3 (Oral)

H301

Toxic if swallowed

≥ 5 %

Acute Tox.4 (Oral)

H302

Harmful if swallowed

≥ 25 %

Acute Tox.1 (Dermal)

H310

Fatal in contact with skin

≥ 0,25 %

Acute Tox.2 (Dermal)

H310

Fatal in contact with skin

≥ 2,5 %

Acute Tox.3 (Dermal)

H311

Toxic in contact with skin

≥ 15 %

Acute Tox. 4 (Dermal)

H312

Harmful in contact with skin

≥ 55 %

Acute Tox.1 (Inhal.)

H330

Fatal if inhaled

≥ 0,1 %

Acute Tox.2 (Inhal.)

H330

Fatal if inhaled

≥ 0,5 %

Acute Tox. 3 (Inhal.)

H331

Toxic if inhaled

≥ 3,5 %

Acute Tox. 4 (Inhal.)

H332

Harmful if inhaled

≥ 22,5 %

Figure 12 sets out the determination process for HP 6 (17).

17

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 6 assessment of a waste is to be made on the basis of:

| — | the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 14 should be assessed for acute toxicity properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on animal testing are not appropriate (18). Further in-vitro methods may be available from other sources, such as the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (19).

18

19

Where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to the WFD, the results of the test should prevail.

3.7.   
  Determining HP 7: Carcinogenic

Determining HP 7: Carcinogenic

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 7 ‘Carcinogenic’ as:

‘waste which induces cancer or increases its incidence’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains a substance classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and exceeds or equals one of the following concentration limits shown in Table 6 [see Table 15 of this document], the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 7. When more than one substance classified as carcinogenic is present in a waste, an individual substance has to be present at or above the concentration limit for the waste to be classified as hazardous by HP 7.’

Table 15

Table 15

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 7

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 7

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Individual substance) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carc. 1A | H350 | May cause cancer | ≥ 0,1 % |
| Carc. 1B |
| Carc. 2 | H351 | Suspected of causing cancer | ≥ 1,0 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Individual substance)

Carc. 1A

H350

May cause cancer

≥ 0,1 %

Carc. 1B

Carc. 2

H351

Suspected of causing cancer

≥ 1,0 %

An example for the assessment of asbestos according to HP 7 can be found in Annex 1, Section 1.4.3

Figure 13 sets out the determination process for HP 7 (20).

20

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 7 assessment of a waste is to be done based on:

| — | the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 15 should be assessed for carcinogenic properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Please note that testing to determine carcinogenicity is neither envisaged for waste nor for mixtures in the CLP Regulation. Mutagenicity tests (see Section 3.11) are considered in many cases to be a suitable indicator of potential carcinogenicity.

3.8.   
  Determining HP 8: Corrosive

Determining HP 8: Corrosive

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 8 ‘Corrosive’ as:

‘waste which on application can cause skin corrosion’

Hazards HP 8 and HP 4 are linked because they refer to the potential for harm or damage to tissue at different levels of severity. See 3.4 for further details.

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances classified as Skin corr.1A, 1B or 1C (H314) and the sum of their concentrations exceeds or equals 5 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 8.’

Table 16

Table 16

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 8

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 8

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Sum of substances) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Skin corr. 1A, 1B, or 1C | H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage | ≥ 5 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Sum of substances)

Skin corr. 1A, 1B, or 1C

H314

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

≥ 5 %

For cases where a waste contains

| — | a substance to be classified as H314 Skin Corr.1A |
| --- | --- |

—

a substance to be classified as H314 Skin Corr.1A

| — | at a concentration ≥ 1 % and ≤ 5 % |
| --- | --- |

—

at a concentration ≥ 1 % and ≤ 5 %

see also HP 4 Irritant (chapter 3.4 of this document).

Cut-off values

Cut-off values

The following cut-off values apply to the assessment:

| — | For H314: 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

—

For H314: 1 %.

An individual substance present at a concentration below this cut off value is not included in the sum of the concentrations for H314.

Figure 14 sets out the determination process for HP 8 (21).

21

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 8 assessment of a waste is made on the basis of

| — | identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits in Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits in Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 16 should be assessed for corrosive and irritant properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance. A mixture assigned H314 by this assessment is considered as hazardous by HP 8.

Part B of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following in-vitro test methods which may be regarded in the assessment of HP 8 ‘Corrosive’:

| — | B.40. In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER) |
| --- | --- |

—

B.40. In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)

| — | B.40 BIS. In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test |
| --- | --- |

—

B.40 BIS. In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on animal testing are not appropriate (22).

22

Where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to the WFD, the results of the test should prevail.

3.9.   
  Determining HP 9: Infectious

Determining HP 9: Infectious

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 9 ‘Infectious’ as:

‘waste containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms.’

The WFD further explains that:

‘The attribution of HP 9 shall be assessed by the rules laid down in reference documents or legislation in the Member States.’

Remarks on the assessment process for HP 9

Remarks on the assessment process for HP 9

Toxins from micro-organisms have to be assessed analogously to chemical substances by considering their assigned hazard statement codes and associated hazardous properties. There are no hazard statement codes for infectious micro-organisms as they are not considered as hazardous substances under the CLP Regulation.

The assessment of HP 9 depends on a reference to categories of specific risk groups of organisms according to their potential to cause and spread infection and their potential clinical treatment (23).

23

The World Health Organisation (24) provides a widely recognized system categorising organisms according to four risk groups:

24

| — | Risk Group 4 (high individual risk, high community risk); |
| --- | --- |

—

Risk Group 4 (high individual risk, high community risk);

| — | Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community risk); |
| --- | --- |

—

Risk Group 3 (high individual risk, low community risk);

| — | Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk); |
| --- | --- |

—

Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk);

| — | Risk Group 1 (low individual and community risk). |
| --- | --- |

—

Risk Group 1 (low individual and community risk).

The UN has taken up this approach (25) and set up an indicative list of infectious substances (see Table 17).

25

Table 17

Table 17

Indicative examples of infectious substances included in category A
   (26)

Indicative examples of infectious substances included in category A

26

| UN Number and Proper Shipping Name | Micro-organism |
| --- | --- |
| Indicative examples of infectious substances included in category A in any form unless otherwise indicated |
| UN 2814 Infectious substances affecting humans | Bacillus anthracis (cultures only)
  Brucella abortus (cultures only)
  Brucella melitensis (cultures only)
  Brucella suis (cultures only)
  Burkholderia mallei — Pseudomonas mallei — Glanders (cultures only)
  Burkholderia pseudomallei — Pseudomonas pseudomallei (cultures only)
  Chlamydia psittaci — avian strains (cultures only)
  Clostridium botulinum (cultures only)
  Coccidioides immitis (cultures only)
  Coxiella burnetii (cultures only)
  Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  Dengue virus (cultures only)
  Eastern equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)
  Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic (cultures only)
  Ebola virus
  Flexal virus
  Francisella tularensis (cultures only)
  Guanarito virus
  Hantaan virus
  Hantaviruses causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
  Hendra virus
  Hepatitis B virus (cultures only)
  Herpes B virus (cultures only)
  Human immunodeficiency virus (cultures only)
  Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (cultures only)
  Japanese Encephalitis virus (cultures only)
  Junin virus
  Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  Lassa virus
  Machupo virus
  Marburg virus
  Monkeypox virus
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (cultures only)
  Nipah virus
  Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  Poliovirus (cultures only)
  Rabies virus (cultures only)
  Rickettsia prowazekii (cultures only)
  Rickettsia rickettsii (cultures only)
  Rift Valley fever virus (cultures only)
  Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (cultures only)
  Sabia virus
  Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (cultures only)
  Tick-borne encephalitis virus (cultures only)
  Variola virus
  Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)
  West Nile virus (cultures only)
  Yellow fever virus (cultures only)
  Yersinia pestis (cultures only) |
| UN 2900 Infectious substances affecting animals only | African swine fever virus (cultures only)
  Avian paramyxovirus Type 1 — Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (cultures only)
  Classical swine fever virus (cultures only)
  Foot and mouth disease virus (cultures only)
  Lumpy skin disease virus (cultures only)
  Mycoplasma mycoides — Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cultures only)
  Peste des petits ruminants virus (cultures only)
  Rinderpest virus (cultures only)
  Sheep-pox virus (cultures only)
  Goatpox virus (cultures only)
  Swine vesicular disease virus (cultures only)
  Vesicular stomatitis virus (cultures only) |

UN Number and Proper Shipping Name

Micro-organism

Indicative examples of infectious substances included in category A in any form unless otherwise indicated

Indicative examples of infectious substances included in category A in any form unless otherwise indicated

UN 2814 Infectious substances affecting humans

UN 2814

Bacillus anthracis (cultures only)

Brucella abortus (cultures only)

Brucella melitensis (cultures only)

Brucella suis (cultures only)

Burkholderia mallei — Pseudomonas mallei — Glanders (cultures only)

Burkholderia pseudomallei — Pseudomonas pseudomallei (cultures only)

Chlamydia psittaci — avian strains (cultures only)

Clostridium botulinum (cultures only)

Coccidioides immitis (cultures only)

Coxiella burnetii (cultures only)

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus

Dengue virus (cultures only)

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)

Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic (cultures only)

Ebola virus

Flexal virus

Francisella tularensis (cultures only)

Guanarito virus

Hantaan virus

Hantaviruses causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hendra virus

Hepatitis B virus (cultures only)

Herpes B virus (cultures only)

Human immunodeficiency virus (cultures only)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (cultures only)

Japanese Encephalitis virus (cultures only)

Junin virus

Kyasanur Forest disease virus

Lassa virus

Machupo virus

Marburg virus

Monkeypox virus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (cultures only)

Nipah virus

Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus

Poliovirus (cultures only)

Rabies virus (cultures only)

Rickettsia prowazekii (cultures only)

Rickettsia rickettsii (cultures only)

Rift Valley fever virus (cultures only)

Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (cultures only)

Sabia virus

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (cultures only)

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (cultures only)

Variola virus

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (cultures only)

West Nile virus (cultures only)

Yellow fever virus (cultures only)

Yersinia pestis (cultures only)

UN 2900 Infectious substances affecting animals only

UN 2900

African swine fever virus (cultures only)

Avian paramyxovirus Type 1 — Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (cultures only)

Classical swine fever virus (cultures only)

Foot and mouth disease virus (cultures only)

Lumpy skin disease virus (cultures only)

Mycoplasma mycoides — Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (cultures only)

Peste des petits ruminants virus (cultures only)

Rinderpest virus (cultures only)

Sheep-pox virus (cultures only)

Goatpox virus (cultures only)

Swine vesicular disease virus (cultures only)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (cultures only)

Infectious substances (including wastes contaminated with such substances, such as medical or clinical wastes) in category A (as well as cultures of infectious substances of category B) must be classified under transport regulations, as

| — | UN 2814 ‘infectious substance, affecting humans’, or |
| --- | --- |

—

UN 2814 ‘infectious substance, affecting humans’, or

| — | UN 2900 ‘infectious substance, affecting animals only’. |
| --- | --- |

—

UN 2900 ‘infectious substance, affecting animals only’.

Considering the classification applied by the abovementioned UN document, without testing, a reasoned judgment can be made whether the waste under consideration has to be classified as hazardous waste by HP 9.

In this regard, the UK Guidance mentions two general aspects for the assessment of HP 9:

| — | In case it has to be decided whether to assign the MH or MNH entry to the waste under consideration, the waste will be assigned the MH entry by virtue of HP 9 if it contains a toxin produced by a micro-organism in a concentration that the waste displays the hazardous property HP 5 (Specific Target Organ Toxicity/Aspiration Toxicity, see Section 3.5) or HP 6 (Acute Toxicity, see Section 3.6). Wastes that might be infectious due to microbial toxins include dredgings or skimmings from waterbodies where a cyanobacterial bloom has occurred. |
| --- | --- |

—

In case it has to be decided whether to assign the MH or MNH entry to the waste under consideration, the waste will be assigned the MH entry by virtue of HP 9 if it contains a toxin produced by a micro-organism in a concentration that the waste displays the hazardous property HP 5 (Specific Target Organ Toxicity/Aspiration Toxicity, see Section 3.5) or HP 6 (Acute Toxicity, see Section 3.6). Wastes that might be infectious due to microbial toxins include dredgings or skimmings from waterbodies where a cyanobacterial bloom has occurred.

| — | It needs to be identified whether relevant healthcare wastes can be associated with infection and have to be classified as infectious. |
| --- | --- |

—

It needs to be identified whether relevant healthcare wastes can be associated with infection and have to be classified as infectious.

Regarding the latter aspect, relevant entries in the LoW (MH and MNH entries) that are linked to HP 9 are:

| 18 01 | Wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases in humans | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 18 01 03* | wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MH |
| 18 01 04 | wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection (for example dressings, plaster casts, linen, disposable clothing, diapers) | MNH |
| 18 02 | Wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals | |
| 18 02 02* | wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MH |
| 18 02 03 | wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection | MNH |

18 01

18 01

Wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases in humans

Wastes from natal care, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases in humans

18 01 03*

wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MH

18 01 04

wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection (for example dressings, plaster casts, linen, disposable clothing, diapers)

MNH

18 02

18 02

Wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals

Wastes from research, diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease involving animals

18 02 02*

wastes whose collection and disposal is subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MH

18 02 03

wastes whose collection and disposal is not subject to special requirements in order to prevent infection

MNH

To distinguish between the mirror entries 18 01 03*/18 01 04 or respectively 18 02 02*/18 02 03 the UK Guidance uses the term ‘special requirement’ as decisive criterion. The following information is directly taken from the UK Guidance which states that special requirements apply when:

| — | the source person or animal (the patient), is known or suspected to have a disease / infection caused by a micro-organism or its toxin and the waste is likely to contain the viable infectious agent or toxin; or |
| --- | --- |

—

the source person or animal (the patient), is known or suspected to have a disease / infection caused by a micro-organism or its toxin and the waste is likely to contain the viable infectious agent or toxin; or

| — | the waste is, or is contaminated with, a culture or an enrichment of a micro-organism or its toxin that may cause disease in man or other living animals; or |
| --- | --- |

—

the waste is, or is contaminated with, a culture or an enrichment of a micro-organism or its toxin that may cause disease in man or other living animals; or

| — | the waste may cause infection to any person or animal coming into contact with it. |
| --- | --- |

—

the waste may cause infection to any person or animal coming into contact with it.

According to the UK Guidance, special requirements should be determined by clinical assessment of each waste item and patient, as follows:

| — | clinical assessment should be carried out by a healthcare professional who is familiar with the type of waste generated, the current medical condition and, where feasible, the past medical history of the patient; |
| --- | --- |

—

clinical assessment should be carried out by a healthcare professional who is familiar with the type of waste generated, the current medical condition and, where feasible, the past medical history of the patient;

| — | it is unlikely that it will always be practical, or possible, to identify specific pathogens or toxins within the waste when a patient first presents symptoms as definitive laboratory identification requires time to undertake. The procedure for determining whether a waste is considered hazardous by HP 9 must therefore, where this is the case, assume that the disease causing agent has not been confirmed and should be based on clinical assessment of whether an unidentified infection of any type is suspected or known; |
| --- | --- |

—

it is unlikely that it will always be practical, or possible, to identify specific pathogens or toxins within the waste when a patient first presents symptoms as definitive laboratory identification requires time to undertake. The procedure for determining whether a waste is considered hazardous by HP 9 must therefore, where this is the case, assume that the disease causing agent has not been confirmed and should be based on clinical assessment of whether an unidentified infection of any type is suspected or known;

| — | all pathogens and microbial toxins should be included in the assessment. HP 9 does not consider the severity of the disease. |
| --- | --- |

—

all pathogens and microbial toxins should be included in the assessment. HP 9 does not consider the severity of the disease.

Any waste classified as hazardous by virtue of HP 9 Infectious should be kept separately from other waste to prevent contamination.

Test Methods

Test Methods

There are no test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation.

3.10.   
  Determining HP 10: Toxic for reproduction

Determining HP 10: Toxic for reproduction

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 10 ‘Toxic for reproduction’ as:

‘waste which has adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains a substance classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and exceeds or equals one of the following concentration limits shown in Table 7 [see Table 18 of this document], the waste shall be classified hazardous according to HP 10. When more than one substance classified as toxic for reproduction is present in a waste, an individual substance has to be present at or above the concentration limit for the waste to be classified as hazardous by HP 10.’

Table 18

Table 18

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 10

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 10

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Individual substance) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Repr. 1A | H360 | May damage fertility or the unborn child | ≥ 0,3 % |
| Repr. 1B |
| Repr. 2 | H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child | ≥ 3,0 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Individual substance)

Repr. 1A

H360

May damage fertility or the unborn child

May damage fertility or the unborn child

≥ 0,3 %

Repr. 1B

Repr. 2

H361

Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child

Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child

≥ 3,0 %

Figure 15 sets out the assessment process for HP 10 (27).

27

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 10 assessment of a waste is to be made on the basis of:

| — | the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 18 should be assessed for toxic for reproduction properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Please note that there are very limited options for testing reproductive toxicity properties in-vitro. Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation mainly rely on animal testing and thus are not appropriate (28). Further in-vitro methods may be available from other sources, such as the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (29).

28

29

3.11.   
  Determining HP 11: Mutagenic

Determining HP 11: Mutagenic

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 11 ‘Mutagenic’ as:

‘waste which may cause a mutation, that is a permanent change in the amount or structure of the genetic material in a cell’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains a substance classified by one of the following hazard class and category codes and hazard statement codes and exceeds or equals one of the following concentration limits shown in Table 8 [see Table 19 of this document], the waste should be classified hazardous according to HP 11. When more than one substance classified as mutagenic is present in a waste, an individual substance has to be present at or above the concentration limit for the waste to be classified as hazardous by HP 11.’

Table 19

Table 19

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 11 Mutagenic

Hazard Class, Category Code(s) and Hazard Statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 11 Mutagenic

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Individual substance) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Muta. 1A | H340 | May cause genetic defects | ≥ 0,1 % |
| Muta. 1B |
| Muta. 2 | H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects | ≥ 1,0 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Individual substance)

Muta. 1A

H340

May cause genetic defects

May cause genetic defects

≥ 0,1 %

Muta. 1B

Muta. 2

H341

Suspected of causing genetic defects

Suspected of causing genetic defects

≥ 1,0 %

Flow chart

Flow chart

Figure 16 sets out the determination process for HP 11 (30).

30

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 11 assessment of a waste is to be made on the basis of:

| — | the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 19 should be assessed for mutagenic properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Part B of the Annex to the Test Methods Regulation provides the following in-vitro test methods which may be considered in the assessment of HP 11 ‘Mutagenic’:

| — | B.10. Mutagenicity — In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test |
| --- | --- |

—

B.10. Mutagenicity — In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test

| — | B.13/14. Mutagenicity: Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria (31) |
| --- | --- |

—

B.13/14. Mutagenicity: Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria (31)

31

| — | B.15. Mutagenicity Testing and Screening for Carcinogenicity Gene Mutation — Saccharomyces Cerevisiae |
| --- | --- |

—

B.15. Mutagenicity Testing and Screening for Carcinogenicity Gene Mutation — Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

| — | B.17. Mutagenicity — In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test |
| --- | --- |

—

B.17. Mutagenicity — In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on animal testing are not appropriate (32).

32

3.12.   
  Determining HP 12: Release of an acute toxic gas

Determining HP 12: Release of an acute toxic gas

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the WFD defines HP 12 ‘Release of an acute toxic gas’ as:

‘waste which releases acute toxic gases (Acute Tox. 1, 2 or 3) in contact with water or an acid’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains a substance assigned to one of the following supplemental hazards EUH029, EUH031 and EUH032, it shall be classified as hazardous by HP 12 according to test methods or guidelines.’

A waste containing substances that are assigned EUH029, EUH031 and EUH032 can be tested to show whether it displays that hazardous property or not. Otherwise a waste containing those substances can simply be assumed to be hazardous by HP 12.

Table 20

Table 20

Hazard statements and supplemental hazards for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 12

Hazard statements and supplemental hazards for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 12

| Hazard Statement(s) / Supplemental Hazard(s) |
| --- |
| Contact with water liberates toxic gas | EUH029 |
| Contact with acids liberates toxic gas | EUH031 |
| Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas | EUH032 |

Hazard Statement(s) / Supplemental Hazard(s)

Contact with water liberates toxic gas

EUH029

Contact with acids liberates toxic gas

EUH031

Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas

EUH032

Figure 17 sets out the assessment process for HP 12 (33).

33

Image

Calculation method

Calculation method

A detailed example on a possible calculation method for HP 12 is taken from the UK Guidance and presented in the following.

A substance is assigned EUH029, EUH031 or EUH032 if it is capable of releasing an acute toxic gas (34) when water or acid is added.

34

If a waste contains a substance assigned EUH029, EUH031 or EUH032, it is possible to calculate the limiting concentration of the substance in the waste that would make it hazardous by HP 12. An example of how to do the calculation is given below in Box 4 (35).

35

| Calculation method HP 12









  1. | Write a balanced equation for the reaction that produces the gas. The general form of the equation is:











  rR | + | wW | = | pP | + | gG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

Calculation method HP 12

Calculation method HP 12

1.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that produces the gas. The general form of the equation is:

rR

+

wW

=

pP

+

gG

where R is the EUH029, EUH031 or EUH032 substance, W is water or an acid, P is a product of the reaction, and G is the gas released; r, w, p and g are the stoichiometric ratios that balance the equation.

| 2. | Attribute molecular weights and stoichiometric ratios to the substances in the equation. |
| --- | --- |

2.

Attribute molecular weights and stoichiometric ratios to the substances in the equation.

| 3. | Divide (r × molar weight of R) by (g × 22,4). This gives the mass of R that will evolve 1 litre of gas. 1 mol of gas occupies 22,4 litres at standard temperature and pressure. |
| --- | --- |

3.

Divide (r × molar weight of R) by (g × 22,4). This gives the mass of R that will evolve 1 litre of gas. 1 mol of gas occupies 22,4 litres at standard temperature and pressure.

| 4. | Divide this amount (in grams) by 1 000 (to convert to kilograms) and multiply it by 100 to give a percentage by weight, and thus the limiting concentration for HP 12 of substance R.
  Example calculation: A waste contains aluminium nitride (AlN). Aluminium nitride is an EUH029 substance which reacts with water to give ammonia gas.











  AlN | + | 3H2O | = | Al(OH)3 | + | NH3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| aluminium nitride | | water | | aluminium hydroxide | | ammonia |

4.

Divide this amount (in grams) by 1 000 (to convert to kilograms) and multiply it by 100 to give a percentage by weight, and thus the limiting concentration for HP 12 of substance R.

Example calculation: A waste contains aluminium nitride (AlN). Aluminium nitride is an EUH029 substance which reacts with water to give ammonia gas.

AlN

+

3H2O

2

=

Al(OH)3

3

+

NH3

3

aluminium nitride

water

aluminium hydroxide

ammonia

r = 1 mol of AlN, R = 41 g; g = 1 mol NH3.

3

Limiting concentration of aluminium nitride in waste is ((1 × 41) / (1 × 22,4) / 1 000) × 100, which is 0,18 % (approximately 0,2 %).

| Box 4: | Calculation method for HP 12 |
| --- | --- |

Box 4:

Box 4:

Calculation method for HP 12

Threshold limits derived from the calculations for some EUH029, EUH031 or EUH032 substances are given below in Table 21.

Table 21

Table 21

Examples of substances which may cause a waste to exhibit HP 12 and their threshold concentrations
   (36)

Examples of substances which may cause a waste to exhibit HP 12 and their threshold concentrations

36

| Substance name | Hazard Statement Codes | Equation | Concentration limits for waste to be HP 12 (%) (37) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Phosphorous pentasulphide | EUH029 | P2S5 + 8H2O → 5H2S + 2H3PO4 | 0,1 |
| 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluoro-benzoyl fluoride (DCDFBF) | EUH029 | DCDFBF + H2O → HF + Prod. | 1,0 |
| Metam-sodium | EUH031 | CH3NHCS2Na + H+ → CH3NH2 + CS2 + Na+ | 0,5 |
| Barium sulphide | EUH031 | BaS + 2H+ → H2S + Ba2+ | 0,8 |
| Barium polysulphides | EUH031 | BaSn + 2H+ → H2S + Ba2+ + Sn–1 | 0,8 |
| Calcium sulphide | EUH031 | CaS + 2H+ → H2S + Ca2+ | 0,3 |
| Calcium polysulphides | EUH031 | CaSn + 2H+ → H2S + Ca2+ + Sn–1 | 0,3 |
| Potassium sulphide | EUH031 | K2S + 2H+ → H2S + 2K+ | 0,5 |
| Ammonium polysulphides | EUH031 | (NH4)2Sn + 2H+ → H2S + 2NH4
  - + Sn–1 | 0,3 |
| Sodium sulphide | EUH031 | Na2S + 2H+ → H2S + 2Na+ | 0,4 |
| Sodium polysulphides | EUH031 | Na2Sn + 2H+ → H2S + 2Na+ + Sn–1 | 0,4 |
| Sodium dithionite | EUH031 | Na2O6S2 + 2H+ → 2Na+ + SO2 + H2SO4 | 0,9 |
| Sodium hypochlorite, solution Cl active (38) | EUH031 | 2NaOCl + 2H+ → Cl2 + 2Na+ + H2O | 2,9 |
| Calcium hypochlorite, solution Cl active (38) | EUH031 | Ca(OCl)2 + 2H+ → Cl2 + Ca2+ + H2O | 0,6 |
| Dichloroisocyanuric acid | EUH031 | C3HCl2N3O3 + 2H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2 | 0,9 |
| Dichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium salt of | EUH031 | C3Cl2N3O3Na + 3H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2 + Na+ | 1,0 |
| Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, dehydrate | EUH031 | C3Cl2N3O3Na · 2H2O + 3H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2 + Na+ + 2H2O | 1,1 |
| Trichloroisocyanuric acid | EUH031 | 2C3Cl3N3O3 + 6H+ → 2C3H3N3O3 + 3Cl2 | 0,7 |
| Hydrogen cyanide, salts of (with the exception of complex cyanides such as ferrocyanides, ferricyanides and mercuric oxycyanide) | EUH032 | NaCN + H+ → HCN + Na+ | 0,2 |
| Sodium fluoride | EUH032 | NaF + H+ → HF + Na+ | 0,2 |
| Sodium azide | EUH032 | NaN3 + H+ + H2O → NO2 + NH3 + Na+ | 0,3 |
| Trizinc disphosphide | EUH032 | Zn3P2 + 6H+ → 2PH3 + 3Zn2+ | 0,6 |
| Calcium cyanide | EUH032 | Ca(CN)2 + 2H+ → 2HCN + Ca2+ | 0,2 |
| Cadmium cyanide | EUH032 | Cd(CN)2 + 2H+ → 2HCN + Cd2+ | 0,4 |
| Aluminium phosphide | EUH029 | AlP + 3H+ → PH3 + Al3+ | 0,3 |
| EUH032 | AlP + 3H2O → PH3 + Al(OH)3 | 0,3 |
| Calcium phosphide | EUH029 | Ca3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Ca(OH)2 | 0,4 |
| Magnesium phosphide | EUH029
  EUH032 | Mg3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Mg(OH)2 | 0,3 |
| Trizinc diphosphide | EUH029
  EUH032 | Zn3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Zn(OH)2 | 0,6 |

Substance name

Hazard Statement Codes

Equation

Concentration limits for waste to be HP 12 (%) (37)

37

Phosphorous pentasulphide

EUH029

P2S5 + 8H2O → 5H2S + 2H3PO4

2

5

2

2

3

4

0,1

3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluoro-benzoyl fluoride (DCDFBF)

EUH029

DCDFBF + H2O → HF + Prod.

2

1,0

Metam-sodium

EUH031

CH3NHCS2Na + H+ → CH3NH2 + CS2 + Na+

3

2

+

3

2

2

+

0,5

Barium sulphide

EUH031

BaS + 2H+ → H2S + Ba2+

+

2

2+

0,8

Barium polysulphides

EUH031

BaSn + 2H+ → H2S + Ba2+ + Sn–1

n

+

2

2+

n–1

0,8

Calcium sulphide

EUH031

CaS + 2H+ → H2S + Ca2+

+

2

2+

0,3

Calcium polysulphides

EUH031

CaSn + 2H+ → H2S + Ca2+ + Sn–1

n

+

2

2+

n–1

0,3

Potassium sulphide

EUH031

K2S + 2H+ → H2S + 2K+

2

+

2

+

0,5

Ammonium polysulphides

EUH031

(NH4)2Sn + 2H+ → H2S + 2NH4
  - + Sn–1

4

2

n

+

2

4

+

n–1

0,3

Sodium sulphide

EUH031

Na2S + 2H+ → H2S + 2Na+

2

+

2

+

0,4

Sodium polysulphides

EUH031

Na2Sn + 2H+ → H2S + 2Na+ + Sn–1

2

n

+

2

+

n–1

0,4

Sodium dithionite

EUH031

Na2O6S2 + 2H+ → 2Na+ + SO2 + H2SO4

2

6

2

+

+

2

2

4

0,9

Sodium hypochlorite, solution Cl active (38)

38

EUH031

2NaOCl + 2H+ → Cl2 + 2Na+ + H2O

+

2

+

2

2,9

Calcium hypochlorite, solution Cl active (38)

38

EUH031

Ca(OCl)2 + 2H+ → Cl2 + Ca2+ + H2O

2

+

2

2+

2

0,6

Dichloroisocyanuric acid

EUH031

C3HCl2N3O3 + 2H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2

3

2

3

3

+

3

3

3

3

2

0,9

Dichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium salt of

EUH031

C3Cl2N3O3Na + 3H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2 + Na+

3

2

3

3

+

3

3

3

3

2

+

1,0

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, dehydrate

EUH031

C3Cl2N3O3Na · 2H2O + 3H+ → C3H3N3O3 + Cl2 + Na+ + 2H2O

3

2

3

3

2

+

3

3

3

3

2

+

2

1,1

Trichloroisocyanuric acid

EUH031

2C3Cl3N3O3 + 6H+ → 2C3H3N3O3 + 3Cl2

3

3

3

3

+

3

3

3

3

2

0,7

Hydrogen cyanide, salts of (with the exception of complex cyanides such as ferrocyanides, ferricyanides and mercuric oxycyanide)

EUH032

NaCN + H+ → HCN + Na+

+

+

0,2

Sodium fluoride

EUH032

NaF + H+ → HF + Na+

+

+

0,2

Sodium azide

EUH032

NaN3 + H+ + H2O → NO2 + NH3 + Na+

3

+

2

2

3

+

0,3

Trizinc disphosphide

EUH032

Zn3P2 + 6H+ → 2PH3 + 3Zn2+

3

2

+

3

2+

0,6

Calcium cyanide

EUH032

Ca(CN)2 + 2H+ → 2HCN + Ca2+

2

+

2+

0,2

Cadmium cyanide

EUH032

Cd(CN)2 + 2H+ → 2HCN + Cd2+

2

+

2+

0,4

Aluminium phosphide

EUH029

AlP + 3H+ → PH3 + Al3+

+

3

3+

0,3

EUH032

AlP + 3H2O → PH3 + Al(OH)3

2

3

3

0,3

Calcium phosphide

EUH029

Ca3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Ca(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,4

Magnesium phosphide

EUH029

EUH032

Mg3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Mg(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,3

Trizinc diphosphide

EUH029

EUH032

Zn3P2 + 6H2O → 2PH3 + 3Zn(OH)2

3

2

2

3

2

0,6

Test Methods

Test Methods

There are no direct test methods for HP 12 (39).

39

Where a test is necessary the test method for emission of flammable gas provided in ECHA CLP Guidance should be used. Where the waste contains EUH031 or EUH032 substances a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution can be used to replace the water in the test.

3.13.   
  Determining HP 13: Sensitising

Determining HP 13: Sensitising

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive defines HP 13 ‘Sensitising’ as:

‘waste which contains one or more substances known to cause sensitising effects to the skin or the respiratory organs’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains a substance classified as sensitising and is assigned to one of the hazard statement codes H317 or H334 and one individual substance equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 10 %, the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 13.’

Table 22

Table 22

Hazard Class and Category Code(s) and Hazard statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 13 Sensitising

Hazard Class and Category Code(s) and Hazard statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 13 Sensitising

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Individual substance) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Skin Sens. 1, 1A,and 1B | H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction | ≥ 10 % |
| Resp. Sens. 1, 1A and 1B | H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled | ≥ 10 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Individual substance)

Skin Sens. 1, 1A,and 1B

H317

May cause an allergic skin reaction

May cause an allergic skin reaction

≥ 10 %

Resp. Sens. 1, 1A and 1B

H334

May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled

≥ 10 %

Flow chart

Flow chart

Figure 18 sets out the assessment process for HP 13 (40).

40

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

A HP 13 assessment of a waste is to be made on the basis of:

| — | the identification of the individual substances in the waste; |
| --- | --- |

—

the identification of the individual substances in the waste;

| — | their classification; |
| --- | --- |

—

their classification;

| — | reference to concentration limits. |
| --- | --- |

—

reference to concentration limits.

If testing is considered to determining this hazard property, waste containing substances listed in Table 22 should be assessed for sensitising properties in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance.

Test methods given in Part B of the Annex to the Test Method Regulation mainly rely on animal testing and thus are not appropriate (41). Further in-vitro methods may be available from other sources, such as the European Union Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (42).

41

42

3.14.   
  Determining HP 14: Ecotoxic

Determining HP 14: Ecotoxic

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive was amended as concerns hazardous property HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ by Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 (43). The changes introduced by this regulation are applicable as of 5 July 2018. Therefore, the assessment of HP 14 should be done as follows:

43

In the period 1 June 2015 to 5 July 2018:

In the period 1 June 2015 to 5 July 2018:

Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive defines HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ as:

‘waste which presents or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment’

HP 14 describes the ecotoxicological potential as an intrinsic property of waste, by indicating whether the waste presents or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment.

As a specific assessment methodology concerning HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ has only been specified in Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997, in the period before the application date of that Regulation, i.e. 5 July 2018, authorities and operators should refer to national rules in place in their own Member State for the determination of HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’.

As of 5 July 2018 — Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD, as amended by Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997

As of 5 July 2018 — Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD, as amended by Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997

Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive, defines HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ as:

‘waste which presents or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment’

The WFD further explains that:

‘Waste which fulfils any of the following conditions shall be classified as hazardous by HP 14:

‘Waste which fulfils any of the following conditions shall be classified as hazardous by HP 14:

| — | Waste which contains a substance classified as ozone depleting assigned the hazard statement code H420 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*) and the concentration of such a substance equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 0,1 %. [c(H420) ≥ 0,1 %] |
| --- | --- |

—

Waste which contains a substance classified as ozone depleting assigned the hazard statement code H420 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*) and the concentration of such a substance equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 0,1 %. [c(H420) ≥ 0,1 %]

Waste which contains a substance classified as ozone depleting assigned the hazard statement code H420 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (*) and the concentration of such a substance equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 0,1 %. [c(H420) ≥ 0,1 %]

| — | Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic acute assigned the hazard statement code H400 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and the sum of the concentrations of those substances equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % shall apply to such substances. [Σ c (H400) ≥ 25 %] |
| --- | --- |

—

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic acute assigned the hazard statement code H400 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and the sum of the concentrations of those substances equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % shall apply to such substances. [Σ c (H400) ≥ 25 %]

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic acute assigned the hazard statement code H400 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and the sum of the concentrations of those substances equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % shall apply to such substances. [Σ c (H400) ≥ 25 %]

| — | Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2 or 3 assigned to the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411 or H412 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 1 (H410) multiplied by 100 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 2 (H411) multiplied by 10 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 3 (H412) equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411 or H412. [100 × Σc (H410) + 10 × Σc (H411) + Σc (H412) ≥ 25 %] |
| --- | --- |

—

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2 or 3 assigned to the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411 or H412 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 1 (H410) multiplied by 100 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 2 (H411) multiplied by 10 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 3 (H412) equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411 or H412. [100 × Σc (H410) + 10 × Σc (H411) + Σc (H412) ≥ 25 %]

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2 or 3 assigned to the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411 or H412 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 1 (H410) multiplied by 100 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 2 (H411) multiplied by 10 added to the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic 3 (H412) equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411 or H412. [100 × Σc (H410) + 10 × Σc (H411) + Σc (H412) ≥ 25 %]

| — | Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2, 3 or 4 assigned the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411, H412 or H413 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411, H412 or H413. [Σ c H410 + Σ c H411 + Σ c H412 + Σ c H413 ≥ 25 %]


  Where: Σ = sum and c = concentrations of the substances.’ |
| --- | --- |

—

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2, 3 or 4 assigned the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411, H412 or H413 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411, H412 or H413. [Σ c H410 + Σ c H411 + Σ c H412 + Σ c H413 ≥ 25 %]

Waste which contains one or more substances classified as aquatic chronic 1, 2, 3 or 4 assigned the hazard statement code(s) H410, H411, H412 or H413 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and the sum of the concentrations of all substances classified as aquatic chronic equals or exceeds the concentration limit of 25 %. A cut-off value of 0,1 % applies to substances classified as H410 and a cut-off value of 1 % applies to substances classified as H411, H412 or H413. [Σ c H410 + Σ c H411 + Σ c H412 + Σ c H413 ≥ 25 %]

Where: Σ = sum and c = concentrations of the substances.’

Where: Σ = sum and c = concentrations of the substances.’

Waste which fulfils any of the conditions listed in the four indents should be classified as hazardous by HP 14.

any

It should be noted that the four indents — including the third and the fourth one — should be applied simultaneously: they should not be read as ‘options’ from which a choice can be made. In other words, if the concentration limits indicated in any of the four indents/formulae are exceeded, the waste will be classified as ecotoxic. Thus, wastes that contain substances classified as H410, H411 and H412 (regardless of whether or not they also contain substances classified as H413), should in all cases be classified on the basis of the third indent.

Recital (8) of Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 reiterates the text of the Annex to the LoW which states that where a hazardous property of a waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to the WFD, the results of the test should prevail. Currently the Commission cannot provide specific recommendations regarding the approach to be followed for the ecotoxicological characterisation of waste using biotests.

Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 also makes reference in Recital (8) to Article 12 (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 which relates to bioavailability, and the methodologies for its application which could potentially be used for waste, if appropriate.

Until further EU guidance is available, it is up to the Member States to decide, on a case-by-case basis, on the acceptability and interpretation of results resulting from the ecotoxicological characterisation of waste using biotests including, where appropriate, considerations about bioavailability and bioaccessibility.

Cut-off values

Cut-off values

The following cut-off values apply to the assessment:

| — | for H420,H400, H410: 0,1 % |
| --- | --- |

—

for H420,H400, H410: 0,1 %

| — | for H411,H412, H413: 1 %. |
| --- | --- |

—

for H411,H412, H413: 1 %.

An individual substance present at a concentration below the cut-off, for a hazard statement code assigned to it, is not included in the sum of the concentrations for that hazard class and category code.

Table 23

Table 23

Hazard Class and Category Code(s) and Hazard statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits applicable for substances classified with each hazard statement code
   (44)
  for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 14 Ecotoxic

Hazard Class and Category Code(s) and Hazard statement Code(s) for waste constituents and the corresponding concentration limits applicable for substances classified with each hazard statement code

44

for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 14 Ecotoxic

| Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard statement Code(s) | Description | Concentration limit
  (Individual substance or sum of substances) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ozone 1 | H420 | Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere | ≥ 0,1 % |
| Aquatic Acute 1 | H400 | Very toxic to aquatic life | ≥ 25 % |
| Aquatic Chronic 1 | H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | ≥ 0,25 % |
| Aquatic Chronic 2 | H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | ≥ 2,5 % |
| Aquatic Chronic 3 | H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects | ≥ 25 % |
| Aquatic Chronic 4 | H413 | May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life | ≥ 25 % |

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard statement Code(s)

Description

Concentration limit

(Individual substance or sum of substances)

Ozone 1

H420

Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere

≥ 0,1 %

Aquatic Acute 1

H400

Very toxic to aquatic life

≥ 25 %

Aquatic Chronic 1

H410

Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

≥ 0,25 %

Aquatic Chronic 2

H411

Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

≥ 2,5 %

Aquatic Chronic 3

H412

Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

≥ 25 %

Aquatic Chronic 4

H413

May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life

≥ 25 %

Figure 19 sets out the assessment process for HP 14.

Image

Test methods given in the Test Methods Regulation that rely on vertebrate animal testing are not appropriate (45).

45

3.15.   
  Determining HP 15: Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

Determining HP 15: Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Definition and further description of Annex III to WFD

Annex III to the Waste Framework Directive defines HP 15 as:

‘waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste’

The WFD further explains that:

‘When a waste contains one or more substances assigned to one of the hazard statements or supplemental hazards shown in Table 9 [see Table 24 of this document], the waste shall be classified as hazardous by HP 15, unless the waste is in such a form that it will not under any circumstance exhibit explosive or potentially explosive properties.

In addition, Member States may characterise a waste as hazardous by HP 15 based on other applicable criteria, such as an assessment of the leachate.’

A waste containing substances that are assigned hazard statement or supplemental hazard codes in Table 24: can be tested to show whether it exhibits that hazardous property or not. Alternatively a waste containing those substances can simply be assumed to be hazardous by HP 15.

Member States may characterise a waste as hazardous by HP 15 based on other applicable criteria, such as an assessment of the leachate.

Table 24

Table 24

Hazard statements and supplemental hazards for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 15

Hazard statements and supplemental hazards for waste constituents for the classification of wastes as hazardous by HP 15

| Hazard Statement(s) / Supplemental Hazard(s) |
| --- |
| May mass explode in fire | H205 |
| Explosive when dry | EUH001 |
| May form explosive peroxides | EUH019 |
| Risk of explosion if heated under confinement | EUH044 |

Hazard Statement(s) / Supplemental Hazard(s)

May mass explode in fire

H205

Explosive when dry

EUH001

May form explosive peroxides

EUH019

Risk of explosion if heated under confinement

EUH044

Figure 20 sets out the assessment process for HP 15 (46).

46

Image

Test Methods

Test Methods

Wastes containing substances listed in Table 24 should be assessed or tested for in accordance with the ECHA CLP Guidance. in particular guidance on the classification of mixtures for EUH001, EUH044 and H205.

A waste that would be labelled with a hazard statement or supplementary hazard code as a result assessment for EUH001, EUH019, EUH044 or H205 possesses the hazardous property HP 15.

---

(1)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

1

(2)  Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/776 of 4 May 2017 amending, for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (OJ L 116, 5.5.2017, p. 1).

2

(3)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

3

(4)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

4

(5)  Based on the UK Guidance.

5

(6)  This is not a complete list of such substances. These examples are extracted from the UK Guidance.

6

(7)  Rounded to one decimal place.

7

(8)  Please note that the OVAM Guidance indicates that if waste contains H315 and/or H319 substances, and the sum exceeds, than the waste is classified as HP4.

8

and/or

(9)  More information on acid/alkali reserve test can be found in ‘Test No. 122: Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity’ within the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, please see http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-122-determination-of-ph-acidity-and-alkalinity_9789264203686-en or in Young, J.R.; How, M.J.; Walker, A.P.; Worth, W.M.H. (1988): Classification as corrosive or irritant to skin of preparations containing acidic or alkaline substances, without testing on animals; England.

9

Classification as corrosive or irritant to skin of preparations containing acidic or alkaline substances, without testing on animals

(10)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

10

(11)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

11

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(12)  https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

12

(14)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

14

(15)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

15

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(16)  https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

16

(17)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

17

(18)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

18

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(19)  https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

19

(20)  Adjusted from the UK Guidance.

20

(21)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

21

(22)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

22

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.

(23)  United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2004): Draft guidance paper on hazard characteristics H6.2 (infectious substances), available at: http://archive.basel.int/meetings/cop/cop7/docs/11a1r1e.pdf.

23

Draft guidance paper on hazard characteristics H6.2 (infectious substances)

(24)  More information can be found in ‘World Health Organization (2004): Laboratory Biosafety Manual, Third Edition’, available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/WHO_CDS_CSR_LYO_2004_11/en/

24

Laboratory Biosafety Manual

(25)  United Nations (2015): Transport of dangerous goods Model Regulations Volume I, 19th revision, available at: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev19/19files_e.html

25

Transport of dangerous goods Model Regulations Volume I

(26)  The examples are taken from Table 2.6.3.2.2.1 in Transport of dangerous goods Model Regulations Volume I, 19th revision

26

Transport of dangerous goods Model Regulations Volume I

(27)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

27

(28)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

28

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(29)  https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

29

(30)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

30

(31)  Guidance on sample preparation for the purpose of mutagenicity testing of waste can be found in: Guidelines for Preparing Environmental and Waste Samples for Mutagenicity (Ames) testing. USEPA report EPA 600/4-85/058. USEPA (1985).

31

(32)  Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

32

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(33)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

33

(34)  The gases that are likely to be released include hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen fluoride, carbon disulphide, sulphur dioxide, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide.

34

(35)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

35

(36)  This is not a complete list of substances with these properties. This is taken from the UK Guidance.

36

(37)  Rounded to one decimal place

37

(38)  Based on 29,3 g sodium hypochlorite per 100 ml (max solubility)

38

(39)  Please note that INERIS worked on a test method for HP 12, see Hennebert P, Samaali I, Molina P. 2014. Waste hazard property HP 12 (emission of toxic gas in contact with water or an acid): proposition of method and first results. Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management. Chania (Greece). 2-5/09/2014. 10 p. Version updated with the decisions of 2014: Hennebert P., Rebischung F. 2015. To be noted also that Chapter 9 of USEPA ‘Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods. SW-846. EPA Publication.’ provides a method for determining ‘reactivity’ which includes emissions of toxic gases, liberated under a laboratory set-up.

39

Waste hazard property HP 12 (emission of toxic gas in contact with water or an acid): proposition of method and first results

(40)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

40

(41)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

41

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(42)  https://eurl-ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu/.

42

(43)  Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 of 8 June 2017 amending Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards hazardous property HP 14 ‘Ecotoxic’ (OJ L 150, 14.6.2017, p. 1).

43

(44)  It should be noted that these limits are to be understood in the context of the third equation in the annex of Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997. Where in a same waste several substances are present, classified in several of the hazard classes, their presence in individual (or summed) concentrations per hazard class code, below the limits stated, could still lead to the waste being classified as HP 14, subject to the result of applying equation 3.

44

(45)  See Annex to the LoW (point 2, indent 2): ‘A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing.’

45

A hazardous property can be assessed by using the concentration of substances in the waste as specified in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC or, unless otherwise specified in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, by performing a test in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 or other internationally recognised test methods and guidelines, taking into account Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as regards animal and human testing

(46)  Adjusted on the basis of the UK Guidance.

46

---

ANNEX 4

Sampling and chemical analysis of waste

In many cases, sufficient information on the waste in question will be available without a need for sampling, chemical analyses and testing (see Annex 2 for other information sources than sampling and chemical analyses of waste). Where sampling and/or chemical analyses are required, this Annex presents a brief overview on waste sampling according to European standards, mentioning the basic concepts. For more details please refer to the presented standards. In addition, this Annex contains a section with more information and references to specific issues of chemical analyses of waste.

4.1.   
  Sampling

Poor sampling is one of the factors that undermine reliable classification of waste. Hence it is strongly recommended that sampling for the purpose of waste classification should be conducted in accordance with the available CEN standards, as they are presented below.

4.1.1.   Sampling framework

The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), through its technical committee TC 292 has developed several standards, Technical Reports/Specifications, and state of the art documents for the characterisation of waste. Available documents need to be considered in a coordinated manner. The following list contains relevant standard documents on the ‘characterisation of waste — Sampling of waste materials’:

| — | EN 14899

  Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling plan; |
| --- | --- |

—

EN 14899

Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling plan;

| — | CEN/TR 15310-1:2006

  Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions; |
| --- | --- |

—

CEN/TR 15310-1:2006

Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions;

| — | CEN/TR 15310-2:2006

  Guidance on sampling techniques; |
| --- | --- |

—

CEN/TR 15310-2:2006

Guidance on sampling techniques;

| — | CEN/TR 15310-3:2006

  Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field; |
| --- | --- |

—

CEN/TR 15310-3:2006

Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field;

| — | CEN/TR 15310-4:2006

  Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; |
| --- | --- |

—

CEN/TR 15310-4:2006

Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery;

| — | CEN/TR 15310-5:2006

  Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan. |
| --- | --- |

—

CEN/TR 15310-5:2006

Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan.

To obtain accurate and representative results, a testing programme needs to be set up before the first sample is taken. This way it is ensured that all necessary factors are considered to enable representative conclusions for the whole waste based on sample(s). EN 14899 describes this testing programme in detail. In particular seven steps are defined which are displayed in Figure 21.

Alternative sampling procedures are acceptable if they have considered the relevant factors identified in the standards listed above and produce an equally reliable result.

Image

4.1.2.   Sampling methodology

As Figure 21 covers the whole testing programme according to EN 14899:2005 in general, a more detailed focus should be drawn on the sampling methodology, which consists of three key elements as displayed in Figure 22:

| 1. | define the sampling plan; |
| --- | --- |

1.

define the sampling plan;

| 2. | take a field sample in accordance with the sampling plan; |
| --- | --- |

2.

take a field sample in accordance with the sampling plan;

| 3. | transport the laboratory sample to the laboratory. |
| --- | --- |

3.

transport the laboratory sample to the laboratory.

Each key element is divided in further sub-elements one should follow to obtain standardised sampling results.

Especially for defining the sampling plan several steps have to be performed. An informative template for a sampling plan is displayed in Annex A to EN 14899:2005. Figure 22 presents all sub-elements according to EN 14899:2005 and references to the corresponding technical report, where more detailed information can be found. Please note that Figure 22 (key elements including the definition of a sampling plan) has to be considered as a more detailed segment of the overall testing programme as presented in Figure 21.

Also note that EN 15002:2015 gives further guidance on how to prepare test portions from the laboratory sample (see Step 4 in Figure 21) which will be the next step after the preparing and applying the sampling methodology as it will be presented in detail in Figure 22).

Image

4.1.3.   Sampling standards for different waste types

Waste can be present in a large variety of composition and consistency. To ensure reliable results, sampling methods need to be adapted according to the nature of the waste to be sampled. CEN/TR 15310-2:2006 provides detailed information on sampling methods and techniques for different waste types while considering different circumstances. The following materials are referred to:

| — | mobile or viscous liquids |
| --- | --- |

—

mobile or viscous liquids

| — | sludge or paste-like substances |
| --- | --- |

—

sludge or paste-like substances

| — | powders granules and small crystals |
| --- | --- |

—

powders granules and small crystals

| — | coarse or lumpy solids. |
| --- | --- |

—

coarse or lumpy solids.

For most of these materials CEN/TR 15310-2:2006 refers to the following ways in which the waste may be stored or otherwise be available for sampling:

| — | drums, bags, kegs, blocks, cask or small or flexible walled containers |
| --- | --- |

—

drums, bags, kegs, blocks, cask or small or flexible walled containers

| — | vertical uniform or irregular, or horizontal cylindrical tanks |
| --- | --- |

—

vertical uniform or irregular, or horizontal cylindrical tanks

| — | moving liquids in a pipeline |
| --- | --- |

—

moving liquids in a pipeline

| — | lagoons or pits |
| --- | --- |

—

lagoons or pits

| — | hoppers, heaps, stockpiles and silos, falling streams and band or screw conveyors |
| --- | --- |

—

hoppers, heaps, stockpiles and silos, falling streams and band or screw conveyors

| — | massive or large pieces. |
| --- | --- |

—

massive or large pieces.

Complementary, CEN/TR 15310-3:2006 describes relevant aspects for preparation of sampling and sub-sampling in the field considering different consistencies of the waste in question.

Please note that further technical guidance on sampling methods for waste may be available on MS specific level.

4.1.4.   Sampling strategies to deal with homogeneity/ heterogeneity

A basic condition for reliable results from sampling is that samples are representative for the waste composition. In the case of waste this is often complex since on the one hand pollutants may be distributed non-homogenously throughout the waste and on the other hand certain wastes additionally show a heterogeneous matrix (1).

Following EN 14899:2005, heterogeneity is the degree to which one constituent is non-uniformly distributed across the sample population. By contrast, homogeneity can be seen as the degree to which one constituent is uniformly distributed across the sample population.

MS specific technical guidelines may exist which provide further information on sampling strategies addressing heterogeneity of waste (2).

If the heterogeneity of the waste is minimized as far as feasible, CEN/TR 15310-1:2006 and partly also CEN/TR 15310-2:2006 provide a holistic overview on sampling strategies to deal with heterogeneous and homogeneous waste types. It is important to already adapt the sampling plan to the heterogeneity of the waste to be sampled.

4.1.5.   Statistical approach of sampling

The overall statistical approach of sampling including statistical basics applied to the special case of waste sampling is provided by CEN/TR 15310-1:2006. An excerpt of presented information within the technical report can be found below:

| — | Definition of population to be sampled






  — | Overall population |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Definition of population to be sampled

—

Overall population

| — | Sub-population |
| --- | --- |

—

Sub-population

| — | Variability






  — | Spatial variability |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Variability

—

Spatial variability

| — | Temporal variability |
| --- | --- |

—

Temporal variability

| — | Random variability |
| --- | --- |

—

Random variability

| — | Different sampling approaches






  — | Probabilistic sampling |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Different sampling approaches

—

Probabilistic sampling

| — | Judgemental sampling |
| --- | --- |

—

Judgemental sampling

| — | Sampling patterns






  — | Simple random sampling |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Sampling patterns

—

Simple random sampling

| — | Stratified random sampling |
| --- | --- |

—

Stratified random sampling

| — | Systematic sampling |
| --- | --- |

—

Systematic sampling

| — | Judgemental sampling |
| --- | --- |

—

Judgemental sampling

| — | Sample size |
| --- | --- |

—

Sample size

| — | Frequency of sampling |
| --- | --- |

—

Frequency of sampling

| — | Reliability of sampling results






  — | Confidence limits |
| --- | --- | --- |

—

Reliability of sampling results

—

Confidence limits

4.2.   
  Chemical analysis of waste

As already indicated in Chapter 3.2.1 (‘Step 3’), in certain cases the information derived from e.g. a SDS of a product becoming waste, GHS labels, knowledge of the ‘waste-generating’ process and other databases are not sufficient to allow an assessment of the hazardous properties of the waste in question. Given that having sufficient knowledge on the waste's composition is a prerequisite to be able to make use of the calculation approach described in Chapter 3.2.2 (‘Step 4’), a chemical analysis of the waste in question may be necessary.

As a general information basis, Table 25 contains a non-exhaustive list of CEN methods and standards for the characterisation of waste (3).

Table 25

Non-exhaustive list on CEN methods and standards for the characterisation of waste

| Reference | Title |
| --- | --- |
| Leaching Tests |
| CEN/TS 16660:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Determination of the reducing character and the reducing capacity |
| EN 15863:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization. Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions |
| EN 14997:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control |
| EN 14429:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition |
| EN 14429:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition |
| EN 14997:2015 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control |
| CEN/TS 15364:2006 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour tests. Acid and base neutralization capacity test |
| CEN/TS 14405:2004 | Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour tests. Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions) |
| EN 12457-1:2002 | Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) |
| EN 12457-2:2002 | Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) |
| EN 12457-3:2002 | Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. Two stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with a high solid content and with a particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) |
| EN 12457-4:2002 | Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction) |
| Analyses of Compounds |
| EN 16377:2013 | Characterization of waste. Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste |
| EN 16192:2011 | Characterization of waste. Analysis of eluates |
| EN 15216:2007 | Characterization of waste. Determination of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water and eluates |
| Total Organic Carbon (TOC) |
| EN 13137:2001 | Characterisation of waste. Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in waste, sludges and sediments |
| Digestion |
| EN 13656:2002 | Characterization of waste. Microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric (HF), nitric (HNO3), and hydrochloric (HCl) acid mixture for subsequent determination of elements |
| EN 13657:2002 | Characterization of waste. Digestion for subsequent determination of aqua regia soluble portion of elements |
| Hydrocarbons C10 to C40 |
| EN 14039:2004 | Characterization of waste. Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography |
| Dry Matter |
| EN 14346:2006 | Characterization of waste. Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content |
| Inorganic Compounds |
| EN 14582:2007 | Characterization of waste. Halogen and sulfur content. Oxygen combustion in closed systems and determination methods |
| EN 15192:2006 | Characterisation of waste and soil. Determination of chromium (VI) in solid material by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection |
| Organic Compounds |
| EN 15308:2008 | Characterization of waste. Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in solid waste by using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection |
| EN 15527:2008 | Characterization of waste. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) |
| Elemental composition |
| EN 16424:2014 | Characterization of waste. Screening methods for the element composition by portable X-ray fluorescence instruments |
| EN 15309:2007 | Characterization of waste and soil. Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence |

Reference

Title

Leaching Tests

CEN/TS 16660:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Determination of the reducing character and the reducing capacity

EN 15863:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization. Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions

EN 14997:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control

EN 14429:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition

EN 14429:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition

EN 14997:2015

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test. Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control

CEN/TS 15364:2006

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour tests. Acid and base neutralization capacity test

CEN/TS 14405:2004

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour tests. Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions)

EN 12457-1:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)

EN 12457-2:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)

EN 12457-3:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. Two stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with a high solid content and with a particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction)

EN 12457-4:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction)

Analyses of Compounds

EN 16377:2013

Characterization of waste. Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste

EN 16192:2011

Characterization of waste. Analysis of eluates

EN 15216:2007

Characterization of waste. Determination of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water and eluates

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

EN 13137:2001

Characterisation of waste. Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in waste, sludges and sediments

Digestion

EN 13656:2002

Characterization of waste. Microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric (HF), nitric (HNO3), and hydrochloric (HCl) acid mixture for subsequent determination of elements

EN 13657:2002

Characterization of waste. Digestion for subsequent determination of aqua regia soluble portion of elements

Hydrocarbons C10 to C40

EN 14039:2004

Characterization of waste. Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

Dry Matter

EN 14346:2006

Characterization of waste. Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content

Inorganic Compounds

EN 14582:2007

Characterization of waste. Halogen and sulfur content. Oxygen combustion in closed systems and determination methods

EN 15192:2006

Characterisation of waste and soil. Determination of chromium (VI) in solid material by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection

Organic Compounds

EN 15308:2008

Characterization of waste. Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in solid waste by using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection

EN 15527:2008

Characterization of waste. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Elemental composition

EN 16424:2014

Characterization of waste. Screening methods for the element composition by portable X-ray fluorescence instruments

EN 15309:2007

Characterization of waste and soil. Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence

Information derived from chemical analyses of waste that can be used for the classification of waste should be compositional data. Results from leaching tests — as often obtained from laboratory results in the frame of testing the fulfilment of WAC criteria from the Landfill Directive — are not generally useful for the hazard classification of waste. The only exemption from this principle may be the case of assessing HP 15. In particular, this means that, e.g. if a waste has failed the Inert WAC criteria from the Landfill Directive, it will not be hazardous or respectively non-hazardous automatically. WAC results should not be used as the sole source of information for hazardous waste classification. A WAC analysis is only actually required if 1) the chosen treatment is disposal in a landfill and 2) the class of landfill previously defined by a hazardous or non-hazardous classification requires a numerical WAC test. However, the substances present in the leachate may offer some clues regarding the constituents of the source waste.

Please note that in particular regarding inorganic substances, chemical analyses usually do not provide information about the specific chemical compounds within a waste but only allow the identification of cations and anions. Neither the molecular composition nor other consideration, such as the identification of mineralogical forms is usually possible using conventional analytical techniques. In the following, some possible methods to overcome this obstacle are presented. More approaches and conventions on MS level may be available which should be checked additionally.

4.2.1.   Realistic worst case substances

In the likely case that the waste holder has some knowledge on the elements but not on the substances present in the waste, it is suggested to use the concept of determining ‘reasonable worst case’ substances for each identified element. These worst case substances should be determined for each hazardous property and in the following should be used for the assessment of hazardous properties (see Chapter 3.2.2).

Worst case substances should be determined taking into consideration which substances reasonably could exist in the waste (e.g. based on the substances used in the process generating the waste and its associated chemistry) (4).

4.2.2.   Generic entries

No further speciation on identified elements is needed for elements having a ‘generic entry’ in the list of harmonised classifications in Table 3 of Part 3 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation. However, the notes relating to the classification and labelling of mixtures presented in Chapter 1.1.3.2 of Annex VI to the CLP Regulation may be taken into account when establishing the hazardous properties of wastes based on ‘generic entries’. These entries are presented in Table 26.

Table 26

Generic entries of elements (11) in the CLP Regulation

| Ele-ment | Index No | International Chemical Identification | Hazard Class and Category Code(s) | Hazard Statement Code(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| As | 033-002-00-5 | arsenic compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 3 *
  Acute Tox. 3 *
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H331
  H301
  H400
  H410 |
| Ba | 056-002-00-7 | barium salts, with the exception of barium sulphate, salts of 1-azo-2-hydroxynaphthalenyl aryl sulphonic acid, and of salts specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 * | H332
  H302 |
| Be | 004-002-00-2 | beryllium compounds with the exception of aluminium beryllium silicates, and with those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Carc. 1B
  Acute Tox. 2 *
  Acute Tox. 3 *
  STOT RE 1
  Eye Irrit. 2
  STOT SE 3
  Skin Irrit. 2
  Skin Sens. 1
  Aquatic Chronic 2 | H350i
  H330
  H301
  H372 **
  H319
  H335
  H315
  H317
  H411 |
| Cd | 048-001-00-5 | cadmium compounds, with the exception of cadmium sulphoselenide (xCdS · yCdSe), reaction mass of cadmium sulphide with zinc sulphide (xCdS · yZnS), reaction mass of cadmium sulphide with mercury sulphide (xCdS · yHgS), and those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H332
  H312
  H302
  H400
  H410 |
| Cr(VI) | 024-017-00-8 | chromium (VI) compounds, with the exception of barium chromate and of compounds specified elsewhere in this Annex | Carc. 1B
  Skin Sens. 1
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H350i
  H317
  H400
  H410 |
| Hg | 080-002-00-6 | inorganic compounds of mercury with the exception of mercuric sulphide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 2 *
  Acute Tox. 1
  Acute Tox. 2 *
  STOT RE 2 *
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H330
  H310
  H300
  H373 **
  H400
  H410 |
| Pb | 082-001-00-6 | lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Repr. 1A
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  STOT RE 2 *
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H360Df
  H332
  H302
  H373 **
  H400
  H410 |
| Sb | 051-003-00-9 | antimony compounds, with the exception of the tetroxide (Sb2O4), pentoxide (Sb2O5), trisulphide (Sb2S3), pentasulphide (Sb2S5) and those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 4 *
  Acute Tox. 4 *
  Aquatic Chronic 2 | H332
  H302
  H411 |
| Se | 034-002-00-8 | selenium compounds with the exception of cadmium sulphoselenide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 3 *
  Acute Tox. 3 *
  STOT RE 2
  Aquatic Acute 1
  Aquatic Chronic 1 | H331
  H301
  H373 **
  H400
  H410 |
| Tl | 081-002-00-9 | thallium compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 2 *
  Acute Tox. 2 *
  STOT RE 2 *
  Aquatic Chronic 2 | H330
  H300
  H373 **
  H411 |
| U | 092-002-00-3 | uranium compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex | Acute Tox. 2 *
  Acute Tox. 2 *
  STOT RE 2
  Aquatic Chronic 2 | H330
  H300
  H373 **
  H411 |

Ele-ment

Index No

International Chemical Identification

Hazard Class and Category Code(s)

Hazard Statement Code(s)

As

033-002-00-5

arsenic compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 3 *

Acute Tox. 3 *

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H331

H301

H400

H410

Ba

056-002-00-7

barium salts, with the exception of barium sulphate, salts of 1-azo-2-hydroxynaphthalenyl aryl sulphonic acid, and of salts specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

H332

H302

Be

004-002-00-2

beryllium compounds with the exception of aluminium beryllium silicates, and with those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Carc. 1B

Acute Tox. 2 *

Acute Tox. 3 *

STOT RE 1

Eye Irrit. 2

STOT SE 3

Skin Irrit. 2

Skin Sens. 1

Aquatic Chronic 2

H350i

H330

H301

H372 **

H319

H335

H315

H317

H411

Cd

048-001-00-5

cadmium compounds, with the exception of cadmium sulphoselenide (xCdS · yCdSe), reaction mass of cadmium sulphide with zinc sulphide (xCdS · yZnS), reaction mass of cadmium sulphide with mercury sulphide (xCdS · yHgS), and those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H332

H312

H302

H400

H410

Cr(VI)

024-017-00-8

chromium (VI) compounds, with the exception of barium chromate and of compounds specified elsewhere in this Annex

Carc. 1B

Skin Sens. 1

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H350i

H317

H400

H410

Hg

080-002-00-6

inorganic compounds of mercury with the exception of mercuric sulphide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 2 *

Acute Tox. 1

Acute Tox. 2 *

STOT RE 2 *

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H330

H310

H300

H373 **

H400

H410

Pb

082-001-00-6

lead compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Repr. 1A

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

STOT RE 2 *

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H360Df

H332

H302

H373 **

H400

H410

Sb

051-003-00-9

antimony compounds, with the exception of the tetroxide (Sb2O4), pentoxide (Sb2O5), trisulphide (Sb2S3), pentasulphide (Sb2S5) and those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 4 *

Acute Tox. 4 *

Aquatic Chronic 2

H332

H302

H411

Se

034-002-00-8

selenium compounds with the exception of cadmium sulphoselenide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 3 *

Acute Tox. 3 *

STOT RE 2

Aquatic Acute 1

Aquatic Chronic 1

H331

H301

H373 **

H400

H410

Tl

081-002-00-9

thallium compounds, with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 2 *

Acute Tox. 2 *

STOT RE 2 *

Aquatic Chronic 2

H330

H300

H373 **

H411

U

092-002-00-3

uranium compounds with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex

Acute Tox. 2 *

Acute Tox. 2 *

STOT RE 2

Aquatic Chronic 2

H330

H300

H373 **

H411

---

(1)  Bund/Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall (2012): LAGA-Methodensammlung Abfalluntersuchung, Dresden, Germany

(2)  For example, Bund/Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall (2004]: LAGA PN 98 — Richtlinie für das Vorgehen bei physikalischen, chemischen und biologischen Untersuchungen im Zusammenhang mit der Verwertung/Beseitigung von Abfällen, Dresden Germany, provides additional guidelines applied in Germany for examining the waste on its heterogeneity. In particular liquid, pumpable and dusty wastes as well as wastes where homogeneity can be assured via a visual inspection are considered to be homogeneous. All other wastes are considered to be heterogeneous.

(3)  To be noted that there are recommendations and examples available on MS level which may give further guidance on the determination of constituents in liquid and solid waste. For instance, a method for the exhaustive determination of elements and substances in liquid and solid waste is proposed in ‘Characterization of waste — Determination of elements and substances in waste’ described in the experimental standard AFNOR XP X30-489. It is a Work Item submitted to vote at European level CEN/TC 292/WG 5 N 735 Determination of content of elements and substances in waste — experimental AFNOR Standard XP X30-489 (CEN/TC 292 N 1430) for standardisation. More information on this document can be found at Hennebert, P.; Papin, A.; Padox, J.-M.; Hasebrouck, B. (2013): The evaluation of an analytical protocol for the determination of substances in waste for hazard classification, Paris, France, available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13001554. Furthermore, apart from CEN methods and standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency (2014): Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste (SW-846), available at: http://www3.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/online/index.htm provides information on sampling and analysis of solid waste as applied in the US.

(4)  The term ‘reasonable’ is explained for instance in the UK Guidance Document as ‘reasonable indicates that substances that cannot exist within the waste because, for example, of their physical and chemical properties can be excluded’. A similar explanation is used by BMU Guidance Document. The INERIS guidance contains a collection of ‘realistic worst case’ substances by elements for each hazardous properties, which can serve as general information basis.

---

ANNEX 5

Sources and external references

Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) (2005): Hinweise zur Anwendung der Abfallverzeichnis-Verordnung vom 10. Dezmeber 2001, BGB1. I S. 3379, available at: http://www.bmub.bund.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/abfallwirtschaft/downloads/application/pdf/avv_erlaeuterungen.pdf, Access on 09/04/2015

Ministry for the Environment and Transport Baden-Wuerttemberg (2003): Handbook ‘How to apply the European Waste List 2001/118/EC’, Stuttgart, Germany, available at: http://abag-itm.de/fileadmin/Dateien/ABAG/Informationsschriften/Band_B/Band_B_englisch.pdf, Access on: 02/04/2015

David O'Farrell, Cumbria County Council (2011): Dealing with tar bound arisings, available at: http://www.soci.org/~/media/Files/Conference%20Downloads/2011/Recycling%20and%20Re%20using%20Asphalt%20Mar%2011/David_OFarrell_Presentation.ashx, Access on 26/03/2015

European Commission — Directorate-General Environment (2013): Guidance on the interpretation of key provisions of Directive 2008/97/EC on waste, available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/pdf/guidance_doc.pdf, Access on: 01/04/2015

European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2013): Directive 2012/18/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances — Guidance on technical implementation issues, available at: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/documents/2013/TEIA/QA_2011_review_2013.pdf, Access on 14/04/2015

European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2014): End of waste criteria for waste plastics for conversion. Technical proposal. Final draft report, DG JRC, IPTS, Seville, Spain.

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) (2017): Guidance on the application of the CLP Criteria — Guidance on the application of the CLP Criteria, latest version (July 2017) available at https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23036412/clp_en.pdf/58b5dc6d-ac2a-4910-9702-e9e1f5051cc5

European Environmental Agency (2014): Ozone-depleting substances 2013 — Aggregated data reported by companies on the import, export, production, destruction and feedstock and process agent use of ozone-depleting substances in the European Union, available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ozone-depleting-substances-2013, Access on: 13/04/2015

European Environmental Agency (EEA) — Environmental Terminology and Discovery Service (ETSA) (2015), available at: http://glossary.eea.europa.eu/, Access on 04/07/2015

Hennebert, P.; Papin, A.; Padox, J.-M.; Hasebrouck, B. (2013): The evaluation of an analytical protocol for the determination of substances in waste for hazard classification, Paris, France, available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13001554, Access on 31/07/2015

Ineris (2015): Waste Hazardous Assessment — Proposition of methods (version 2)

Openbare Vlaamse Afvalstoffen Maatschappij (OVAM) (2015): Europese afvalstoffenlijst EURAL Handleiding, Mechelen, Belgium

Natural Resources Wales, Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA), Environment Agency (2015): DRAFT Waste Classification — Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition 2015) Technical Guidance WM3, available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/waste-classification-technical-guidance, Access on 14/07/2015

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2014): Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste (SW-846), available at: http://www3.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/online/index.htm; Access on 10/07/2015

Young, J.R.; How, M.J.; Walker, A.P.; Worth, W.M.H. (1988): Classification as corrosive or irritant to skin of preparations containing acidic or alkaline substances, without testing on animals; England

---