# Patent

## Title
Electrosurgical systems and printed circuit boards for use therewith

## Abstract

An electrosurgical system for treating tissue is disclosed. The system includes an electrosurgical generator, a printed circuit board, a generator ground and a patient ground. The printed circuit board is disposed in mechanical cooperation with the electrosurgical generator and includes a plurality of conductive layers. The generator ground includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is electro-mechanically connected to a conductive layer of the printed circuit board and the second portion is electro-mechanically connected to another conductive layer of the printed circuit board. The patient ground includes a portion that is at least partially interposed between the first portion of the generator ground and the second portion of the generator ground.

## Background
BACKGROUND
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electrically isolating a patient from medical equipment, and more particularly, to electrically isolating a patient ground from a ground of an electrosurgical generator.
2. Background of Related Art
Patients undergoing medical procedures are generally electrically isolated from stray electrical energy of medical equipment connected to the patient. For non-interventional procedures (no medical devices are inserted into the subject), isolation of the patient from the medical device is accomplished by incorporating insulating materials in the construction of surfaces that the patient is likely to touch (e.g. surface coils, patient bed, etc.).
For interventional procedures (medical devices are inserted into the subject), the issue of patient isolation is more complicated since interventional devices themselves are in contact with the patient. This can be especially critical if the invasive device is in contact with electrically-sensitive tissue (e.g., cardiac muscle, brain tissue, etc.). Due to the nature of microwave energy delivery for therapeutic procedures, special requirements exist in isolating a patient, such as the construction of an isolation circuit for use with a microwave generator.
The issue of isolating a patient ground from a generator's ground (i.e., Earth ground) is complex in microwave generators having frequencies above about 500 MHz. In generators with lower frequencies, a transformer may be used to isolate the patient from the generator's ground. As the frequencies get higher, the core loss of the transformer and parasitic elements often overwhelm attempts to transfer energy across an isolation boundary.
Another method of isolating a patient ground from a generator's ground may be with the use of a capacitor. However, with microwave frequencies, the capacitors will add their own losses in terms of reflections and parasitic losses due in part to the voltage isolation requirements of the capacitor.
Accordingly, a need exists for improved devices and methods of isolating a patient ground from a ground of an electrosurgical generator.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to an electrosurgical system for treating tissue. The system includes an electrosurgical generator, a printed circuit board, a generator ground and a patient ground. The printed circuit board is disposed in mechanical cooperation with the electrosurgical generator and includes a plurality of conductive layers. The generator ground includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is electro-mechanically connected to a conductive layer of the printed circuit board and the second portion is electro-mechanically connected to another conductive layer of the printed circuit board. The patient ground includes a portion that is at least partially interposed between the first portion of the generator ground and the second portion of the generator ground.
The present disclosure also relates to a printed circuit board for use with a microwave generator. The printed circuit board includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a third conductive layer, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a microstrip. The first conductive layer is configured for electro-mechanical engagement with a first portion of a generator ground. The second conductive layer is configured for electro-mechanical engagement with a portion of a patient ground. The third conductive layer is configured for electro-mechanical engagement with a second portion of the generator ground. The first dielectric layer is interposed at least partially between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. The second dielectric layer is interposed at least partially between the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer. The microstrip is disposed in mechanical cooperation with a surface of the printed circuit board.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the presently disclosed ground isolation systems are disclosed herein with reference to the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrosurgical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a printed circuit board for use with the electrosurgical system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the printed circuit board of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of microstrip lines of the printed circuit board of FIGS. 2 and 3; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an electrical component of the printed circuit board of FIGS. 2 and 3.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Embodiments of the presently disclosed electrosurgical systems and components thereof are described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views.
An electrosurgical system, including, for example, a microwave ablation system, for treating tissue in accordance with the present disclosure is referred to in the figures as reference numeral 100. Referring initially to FIG. 1, electrosurgical system 100 includes an electrosurgical generator 110 having a printed circuit board 120 disposed in electro-mechanical cooperation therewith. Electrosurgical system 100 may also include a surgical instrument 200 (e.g., a microwave ablation device).
With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, printed circuit board 120 includes a plurality of layers 130. Layers 130 are shown having enlarged thicknesses for clarity. Specifically, layers 130 of printed circuit board 120 include at least a first conductive layer 130a, a first dielectric layer 130b, a second conductive layer 130c, a second dielectric layer 130d, a third conductive layer 130e and a third dielectric layer 130f as illustrated. In particular, as seen in FIG. 2, first dielectric layer 130b is shown interposed between first conductive layer 130a and second conductive layer 130c of printed circuit board 120. Second dielectric layer 130d is shown interposed between second conductive layer 130c and third conductive layer 130e of printed circuit board 120. Third dielectric layer 130f is shown adjacent third conductive layer 130e. 
Electrosurgical generator 110 includes a generator ground 140 electrically connected to printed circuit board 120. Generator ground 140 includes at least a first portion 142 and a second portion 144. First portion 142 of generator ground 140 may be electro-mechanically connected to a conductive layer (e.g., first conductive layer 130a) of printed circuit board 120. Second portion 144 of generator ground 140 may be electro-mechanically connected to a different conductive layer (e.g., second or third conductive layer 130c or 130e) as compared to first portion 142.
Electrosurgical generator 110 further includes a patient ground 150 that is electro-mechanically connected to a conductive layer (e.g., second conductive layer 130c). Patient ground 150 may be at least partially interposed between first portion 142 of generator ground 140 and second portion 144 of generator ground 140.
As can be appreciated, both generator ground 140 and patient ground 150 are configured to allow an electrical current to flow therethrough. The currents include a frequency having a particular wavelength. As illustrated in FIG. 3, it is envisioned that at least two adjacent conductive layers (e.g., first conductive layer 130a and second conductive layer 130c) of printed circuit board 120 overlap one another by at least a distance “d1” equaling about 1⁄4 of one wavelength of the electrical current flowing from generator ground 140 and/or patent ground 150. In one particular embodiment, distance “d1” may be about 4.0 inches (10.16 cm). The overlapping of adjacent conductive layers (e.g., conductive layers 130a, 130c) helps minimize various losses incurred by generator ground 140 and/or patient ground 150, particularly with respect to their use in microwave generators with frequencies of more than about 500 MHz.
According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, illustrated in FIG. 2 and schematically in FIG. 4, printed circuit board 120 may include a microstrip 160 disposed in mechanical cooperation with a surface thereof. Microstrip 160 facilitates a user's ability to tune printed circuit board 120 to help optimally reduce losses incurred by generator ground 140 and/or patient ground 150. For example, lengths and/or widths of an active line 166 (e.g., disposed in electro-mechanical cooperation with microwave ablation device 200 and configured to transmit energy to microwave ablation device 200) and/or microstrip 160 can be varied to help tune printed circuit board 120. It is envisioned that microstrip 160 is between about 0.0787 inches (2.00 mm) and about 0.0827 inches (2.10 mm) wide and, in an embodiment, may be about 0.0807 inches (2.05 mm) wide. In an embodiment, where microstrip 160 is about 0.0807 inches (2.05 mm) wide, the impedance may equal about 27.3 ohms and its length may be about 2.5 inches (63.5 mm). Microstrip 160 may have a thickness equal to about the thickness of copper (about 70 μm or 2.7 mils) plus the thickness of any dielectric associated therewith (about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm or about 20 mils to about 60 mils. Microstrip 160 may be constructed of a suitable electrically conductive material, such as, for example copper, silver, and/or gold.
Microstrip 160 may be schematically illustrated in FIG. 4 to include at least one inductor 162 and at least one capacitor 164, such that the characteristic impedance (I) of the transmission line may be represented by:




  I
  =
  
    
      inductor
      capacitor
    
  




As seen in FIG. 4, microstrip 160 is shown including three inductors 162a, 162b, 162c connected in series, two capacitors 164a, 164b connected in parallel between inductors 162a, 162b, 162c, an active line 166 and a ground line 168. It is envisioned that capacitors 164a and 164b are separated by a distance “d2”, which may be about 2.3622 inches (60 mm).

With reference to FIG. 5, ground line 168a represents the coupling between generator grounds 140 and patient ground 150, where capacitor 164c represents the sum of capacitance coupling between first portion 142 of generator ground 140 and patient ground 150, and between second portion 144 of generator ground 140 and patient ground 150.
As illustrated, printed circuit board 120 may include a plurality of vias 170 disposed at least partially therethrough (FIGS. 2 and 3). Specifically, printed circuit board 120 of FIG. 2 is shown having vias 170 disposed at various locations around printed circuit board 120 and in a predetermined arrangement. FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-section of a portion of printed circuit board 120 taken through a singe via 170. It is envisioned that vias 170 electrically connect first portion 142 of generator ground 140 with second portion 144 of generator ground 140. In a disclosed embodiment, a plurality of vias 170 are spaced less than approximately 15° of a wavelength from adjacent vias 170; for example a first via 170a is spaced less than approximately 15° of a wavelength from an adjacent second via 170b (See FIG. 2). A via pattern 170c is configured such that vias 170 at least partially surround patient ground 150, thus helping to increase the coupling between generator ground 140 and patient ground 150. Additionally, the spacing of via pattern 170c from patient ground 150 may be electrically separated to ensure a relatively high dielectric standoff between patient ground 150 and generator ground 140 at relatively low frequencies (approximately 60 Hz, for instance). Further, the spacing of vias 170 is configured to encompass patient ground 150 in an electrical box. That is, a top portion and a bottom portion of patient ground 150 are each coupled to first portion 142 and second portion 144 of generator ground 140 and a side portion of patient ground 150 is coupled to plurality of vias 170.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.

## Claims

1. An electrosurgical system for treating tissue, the system comprising:
an electrosurgical generator;
a printed circuit board disposed in electro-mechanical cooperation with the electrosurgical generator, the printed circuit board including a plurality of conductive layers;
a generator ground including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the generator ground electro-mechanically connected to a first conductive layer of the plurality of conductive layers and the second portion of the generator ground electro-mechanically connected to a second conductive layer of the plurality of conductive layers; and
a patient ground including a portion electro-mechanically connected to a third conductive layer of the plurality of conductive layers, wherein the third conductive layer is at least partially interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

2. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board includes a dielectric layer interposed at least partially between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

3. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board includes a first dielectric layer interposed between the first conductive layer and the third conductive layer and a second dielectric layer interposed between the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer.

4. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the generator ground includes a frequency having a wavelength and the patient ground includes a frequency having a wavelength, and wherein at least two adjacent conductive layers of the printed circuit board overlap one another by about 1⁄4 of one wavelength of at least one of the generator ground and the patient ground.

5. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein at least two adjacent conductive layers of the printed circuit board overlap one another by about four inches.

6. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board includes a microstrip disposed in mechanical cooperation with a surface thereof.

7. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the electrosurgical generator is configured to supply energy having a frequency greater than about 500 MHz.

8. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the patient ground is electro-mechanically connected to at least one of a microwave ablation device, a patient pad and an electrosurgical ablation device.

9. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, wherein the printed circuit board includes a plurality of vias disposed at least partially therethrough.

10. The electrosurgical system of claim 9, wherein spacing between adjacent vias of the plurality of vias is less than about 15°.

11. The electrosurgical system of claim 1, further including a microwave ablation device including an active line configured to deliver energy, at least a portion of the active line is disposed in electro-mechanical cooperation with the printed circuit board.

12. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, wherein the active line is a transmission line having an impedance of about 50Ω.

13. The electrosurgical system of claim 11, further including a first capacitor and a second capacitor disposed in mechanical cooperation with the active line, the first capacitor and the second capacitor being configured to isolate the active line.