6-i

CHAPTER 6. ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................. 6-1

6.2 METAL HALIDE LAMP FIXTURE SYSTEM OPERATING HOURS....................... 6-1

6.3 RESULTS OF THE ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION ...................................... 6-4

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 6-6

LIST OF TABLES

Table 6.2.1 Average Annual Metal Halide Lamp Fixture Operating Hours by Sector ............... 6-2

Table 6.3.1 70W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption.................. 6-4

Table 6.3.2 250W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption................ 6-5

Table 6.3.3 400W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption................ 6-5

Table 6.3.4 1000W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption.............. 6-5

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 6.2.1 Commercial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type.......... 6-3

Figure 6.2.2 Industrial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type .............. 6-3

Figure 6.2.3 Outdoor Stationary Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Installation Type

.............................................................................................................................. 6-4
6-1

CHAPTER 6. ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT

This chapter presents the methodology the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) follows to 

estimate the annual energy consumption of the metal halide (MH) system designs DOE considers

in the MH lamp fixture (MHLF) rulemaking analyses. MH lamps will not be regulated under the 

proposed MHLF rulemaking, which instead focuses on the ballasts within a fixture. However, 

the input power of the complete metal halide lamp fixture must be considered for the energy use 

analysis. The results of this analysis, which represent typical energy consumption in the field, are 

critical inputs to the life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) analyses (preliminary 

technical support document [TSD] chapter 8) and the national impact analysis (NIA; preliminary 

TSD chapter 10). DOE requires information on annual energy consumption to determine the 

potential energy and operating cost savings to consumers from the use of more efficient 

equipment.

DOE determines the annual energy consumption of the metal halide lamp fixtures using 

information on their measured input power (i.e., the rate of energy they consume) and the way 

consumers use them (i.e., operating hours per year). The engineering analysis (preliminary TSD 

chapter 5) discusses the input power ratings of metal halide lamp fixtures in representative 

fixtures. The following sections discuss the inputs and calculations DOE uses to develop annual 

operating hours and annual energy consumption for the equipment considered in this analysis.

6.2 METAL HALIDE LAMP FIXTURE SYSTEM OPERATING HOURS

To characterize the country’s average use of metal halide lamp fixtures for a typical year, 

DOE develops annual operating hours by sector. For the LCC, DOE accounts for variability in 

operating hours by developing a distribution of operating hours for the LCC spreadsheet. The 

operating hour distributions capture variation across nine census divisions (New England, 

Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, 

West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific) and large states (California, Florida, New York, and 

Texas), building types, and metal halide lamp fixtures for three sectors (commercial, industrial, 

and outdoor stationary).

In conjunction with data from the U.S. Lighting Market Characterization (LMC)

Volume 1,

1 DOE uses data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2003 Commercial 

Building Energy Survey (CBECS),

2 and 2006 Manufacturer Energy Consumption Survey

(MECS).

3 These EIA studies provide information on the distribution of U.S. buildings by 

building type and census division. The LMC, which is based on thousands of building audits and 

surveys, provides national-level data on annual operating hours by building type and fixture type 

for all sectors. These operating hours are divided by application for the commercial, industrial,

and outdoor stationary sectors.

For the commercial sector, DOE uses CBECS building data and LMC commercial sector 

operating hour data to develop a distribution of annual operating hours for metal halide lamp 

fixtures. DOE aggregates LMC annual operating hour data by application to develop average 
6-2

annual operating hours by building type. Once the LCC model selects a building, DOE associates 

the aggregated LMC annual operating hour average with the building type selected. DOE chose 

to aggregate LMC operating hour data to the building level for the commercial and industrial 

sectors because it more closely represents the impact on consumers.

To develop a distribution of annual operating hours in the industrial sector, DOE uses an 

approach consistent with that used for the commercial sector. The 2006 MECS data indicates the 

probability that a certain building type exists. DOE aggregates LMC annual operating hour data 

by industrial application to develop average annual operating hours by building type. Once the 

model selects a building, DOE associates the aggregated LMC operating hour average with the 

building type selected. 

For the outdoor stationary sector, DOE uses LMC operating hour data to develop a 

distribution of annual operating hours for metal halide lamp fixtures. LMC data for outdoor 

stationary sources is aggregated by installation type (e.g., unlike the commercial and industrial 

sectors, DOE aggregates LMC annual operating hour data by application to develop average 

annual operating hours by installation type). Once the LCC model selects a building, DOE 

associates the aggregated LMC annual operating hour average with the installation type selected.

Table 6.2.1 summarizes the weighted average annual operating hours per sector.

Table 6.2.1 Average Annual Metal Halide Lamp Fixture Operating Hours by Sector

Sector Average Annual Operating Hours

hr/yr

Commercial 3,720

Industrial 4,748

Outdoor Stationary 4,098

Figure 6.2.1 displays the annual operating hours DOE uses for metal halide lamp fixtures

in the commercial sector. DOE uses these annual operating hours in the LCC calculations.
6-3

Figure 6.2.1 Commercial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type

Figure 6.2.2 displays the annual operating hours for metal halide lamp fixtures operating 

in the industrial sector. DOE uses this distribution of annual operating hours in the LCC 

calculations. 

Figure 6.2.2 Industrial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Hours of Operation per Year

Building Type

Commercial Sector Operating Hours by Building Type

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Hours of Operation per Year

Building Type

Industrial Sector Operating Hours by Building Type
6-4

Figure 6.2.3 displays the annual operating hours for metal halide lamp fixtures operating 

in the outdoor stationary sector. DOE uses this distribution of annual operating hours in the LCC 

calculation.

Figure 6.2.3 Outdoor Stationary Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by 

Installation Type

6.3 RESULTS OF THE ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION

This section presents the annual energy use estimates for metal halide lamp fixture

system designs. DOE calculates the annual energy consumption using annual operating hours 

and measured input power rating estimates. DOE uses the annual energy consumption results in 

the LCC and PBP analyses and the NIA to calculate the operating cost of systems and to estimate 

the potential energy savings of candidate standard levels (CSLs).

Table 6.3.1 through Table 6.3.4 detail (1) the measured input power ratings for all the 

metal halide lamp fixtures DOE assesses in the LCC and PBP analysis for each equipment class; 

and (2) average annual energy consumption per fixture based on measured input power, using 

the U.S. weighted average of annual operating hours in each sector.

Table 6.3.1 70W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption

CSL Input 

Power 

watts

Annual Energy 

Consumption 

kWh/yr

Baseline 96.8 387.8

1 92.0 368.4

2 78.4 313.8

3 76.8 307.6

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Billboard 8 Billboard 30 Billboard/Bulletin Street Lighting Parking Lots

Hours of Operation per Year

Installation Type

Outdoor Stationary Operating Hours by Installation Type
6-5

Table 6.3.2 250W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption

CSL Input 

Power 

watts

Annual Energy 

Consumption 

kWh/yr

Baseline 284.1 1,160.8

1 276.2 1,128.7

2 273.2 1,116.4

3 268.1 1,095.4

4 267.1 1,091.3

Table 6.3.3 400W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption

CSL Input 

Power 

watts

Annual Energy 

Consumption 

kWh/yr

Baseline 454.5 1,857.2

1 444.4 1,815.9

2 436.2 1,782.3

3 431.5 1,763.0

4 426.0 1,740.5

Table 6.3.4 1000W Equipment Class Input Powers and Annual Energy Consumption

CSL Input 

Power 

watts

Annual Energy 

Consumption 

kWh/yr

Baseline 1088.1 4,577.8

1 1079.9 4,543.2

2 1071.8 4,509.1
6-6

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Energy–Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Energy 

Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Final Report: U.S. Lighting Market 

Characterization, Volume I: National Lighting Inventory and Energy Consumption Estimate. 

September 2002. Washington, D.C.

<http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/lmc_vol1_final.pdf>

2. U.S. Department of Energy–Energy Information Administration. Commercial Building 

Energy Consumption Survey: Micro-level Data, File 2 Building Activities, Special Measures 

of Size, and Multi-building Facilities. 2003. Washington, D.C.

<http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/cbecs2003/public_use_2003/cbecs_pudata2003.html>

3. U.S. Department of Energy–Energy Information Administration. Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey, Table 1.4: Number of Establishments Using Energy Consumed for All 

Purpose. 2006. Washington, D.C. 

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2006/2006tables.html>