IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 20-1732

Filed October 6, 2021

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

NELSON SIERRA HERNANDEZ,

Defendant-Appellant.

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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Samantha J. 

Gronewald, Judge.

Nelson Hernandez appeals an order for restitution following his criminal 

convictions. WRIT SUSTAINED, CASE REMANDED.

Jessica Donels of Parrish Kruidenier Dunn Gentry Brown Bergmann & 

Messamer L.L.P., Des Moines, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Martha E. Trout, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee.

Considered by Bower, C.J., and Vaitheswaran and Schumacher, JJ.
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SCHUMACHER, Judge.

Nelson Hernandez appeals an order for restitution following his criminal 

convictions. He argues the district court violated his due process rights by ordering 

him to pay restitution of $593.80 in costs and $125.00 in surcharges without 

holding a hearing on his reasonable ability to pay and erred in reopening the record 

on the issue of restitution.

In its July 2018 sentencing order, the court specifically found Hernandez 

had no reasonable ability to pay restitution for fees and costs. In April 2020, the 

Iowa Department of Corrections (DOC) filed a restitution plan reflecting $593.80 in 

costs and $125.00 in surcharges. In June, Hernandez objected, arguing a finding 

was never made that he had a reasonable ability to pay and requesting a hearing 

on the issue. The court declined to take any action, noting Hernandez failed to file 

a financial affidavit. See Iowa Code §§ 910.1(4), .2A(2)(b), (d) (2020). After 

various other filings, the State waived its right to a restitution hearing and to crossexamine Hernandez. Thereafter, without holding a hearing, the court entered an 

order finding Hernandez had a reasonable ability to pay category “B” restitution. 

Hernandez moved for reconsideration but filed a notice of appeal before the court 

could rule on it.

To begin, Iowa Code section 910.7(5), which was amended effective 

June 25, 2020, before Hernandez’s motion for a hearing on his reasonable ability 

to pay was filed, provides appellate review of a district court ruling following a 

petition for a hearing concerning an offender’s reasonable ability to pay shall be by 

writ of certiorari. Because Hernandez argues the court acted illegally, exercising 

our discretion, we choose to treat Hernandez’s notice of appeal and brief as a 
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petition for writ of certiorari. We grant the writ and proceed to the merits. See Iowa 

R. App. P. 6.107(1), .108.; see also State Pub. Def. v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 731 N.W.2d 

680, 683 (Iowa 2007). Our review on certiorari is for legal error. Spitz v. Iowa Dist. 

Ct., 881 N.W.2d 456, 464 (Iowa 2016). 

The State agrees the original sentencing order that determined Hernandez 

was not reasonably able to pay court costs and attorney fees was a permanent 

restitution order because there was nothing left to be determined and it should be 

enforced. The record discloses the $593.80 in costs assessed by the DOC

consisted of a $100.00 filing fee, $163.80 in sheriff’s fees, $80.00 in court reporter 

fees, and a $250.00 civil penalty for the sex-offender-registration fee. The State 

submits the first three items should not have been assessed against Hernandez, 

but the $250.00 civil penalty for sex offender registration was properly assessed. 

We agree the penalty is not subject to a reasonable-ability-to-pay determination, 

nor is the law enforcement initiative surcharge. See Iowa Code § 910.2(1) (2018); 

cf. id. §§ 910.1(1), .2(1)(a)(1) (2020). No challenge is made to the initial 

determination that Hernandez had no reasonable ability to pay costs and fees. We 

vacate the court’s subsequent order determining he was reasonably able to pay 

$593.80 in costs, and we remand the matter to the district court to clarify that 

Hernandez is only responsible for items not subject to a reasonable-ability-to-pay 

determination—the surcharge and penalty—totaling $375.00.

WRIT SUSTAINED, CASE REMANDED.