NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

______________

No . 1 9

- 2 1 2 6

______________

J E A N L A W N I C Z A K

, a s P e r s o n a l R e p r e s e n t a t i v e

o f t h e E s t a t e o f J o h n O r l a n d o

, D e c e a s e d

, A p p e l l a n t

v

.

CO UNTY OF ALLEGHENY; OR LANDO HARPER; SIMOIN WAINWRIGHT;

MARGUERITE BONENBERGER; ANDREW HABURJAK; JOHN PIENDEL;

JASON BEASOM; JOHN WILLIAMS; THOMAS FLAHERTY; ROMAN CAITO;

CASEY MULLEN; DAVID C. DABROWSKI; TRICIA CORRADO;

TERESA LATHAM; MICHAEL CERDA

______________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

f or t he W e stern District of Pennsylvania

(D.C. No

. 2

- 1 7

- c v

- 0 0 1 8 5 )

Honorable L i s a P

. L e n i h a n

, U n i t e d S t a t e s M a g i s t r a t e J u d g e

______________

S ubmit t ed under Third Circuit L

. A

. R

. 34.1(a)

F e b r u a r y 7

, 2 0 2 0

BEFORE: S H W A R T Z

, S C I R I C A

, an d COWEN

, Circuit Judge s

(Fi led: May 1, 2020 )

______________

OPINION 

______________

 This dis p o sition is not an op inion of the full Court and pursuant t o I.O. P . 5 .7

does not c onsti tute binding precedent

.2

COWEN

, Circuit Judge

.

P l a i n t i f f J e a n L a w n i c z a k a p p e a l s f r o m t h e o r d e r a n d j u d g m e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

D i s t r i c t C o u r t f

o r t h e W e s t e r n D i s t r i c t o f P e n n s y l v a n i a g r a n t i n g D e f e n d a n t s ’ m o t i o n f

o r

s u m m a r y j u d g m e n t

. W e w i l l a f f i r m

.

I

.

J o h n O r l a n d o c o m m i t t e d s u i c i d e w h i l e i n d e t e n t i o n a t t h e A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y J a i l

( “ A C J ” )

. L a w n i c z a k

, O r l a n d o ’ s m o t h e r

, f i l e d t h i s 4 2 U

. S

. C

. § 1 9 8 3 a c t i o n

, 1 n a m i n g a s

D e f e n d a n t s A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y

, A C J W a r d e n O r l a n d o H a r p e r ( “ W a r d e n H a r p e r ” ) ; A C J

D e p u t y W a r d e n S i m o n W a i n w r i g h t ( “ D e p u t y W a r d e n W a i n w r i g h t ” )

, A C J C o r r e c t i o n s

O f f i c e r M a r g u e r i t e B o n e n b e r g e r ( “ C o r r e c t i o n s O f f i c e r B o n e n b e r g e r ” )

, A C J S e r g e a n t

A n d r e w H a b u r

j a k ( “ S e r g e a n t H a b u r

j a k ” )

, a n d T r i c i a C o r r a d o

, R

. N

. ( “ N u r s e C o r r a d o ” )

. 2

L a w n i c z a k b r o u g h t h e r c l a i m s u n d e r t h e E i g h t h A m e n d m e n t

, b u t s h e a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t

,

b e c a u s e O r l a n d o w a s a p r e

- t r i a l d e t a i n e e

, t h e y “ m u s t b e a n a l y z e d u n d e r t h e F o u r t e e n t h

A m e n d m e n t

, p u r s u a n t t o T h i r d C i r c u i t j u r i s p r u d e n c e

. ” ( A p p e l l a n t ’ s B r i e f a t 1 2 n

. 3

( c i t i n g C o l b u r n v

. U p p e r D a r b y T w p

. , 8 3 8 F

. 2 d 6 6 3

, 6 6 8 ( 3 d C i r

. 1 9 8 8 ) ; N a t a l e v

.

C a m d e n C t y

. C o r r

. F a c i l i t y

, 3 1 8 F

. 3 d 5 7 5

, 5 8 1 ( 3 d C i r

. 2 0 0 3 ) )

. ) S p e c i f i c a l l y

, C o u n t I o f

h e r a m e n d e d c o m p l a i n t a l l e g e d a m u n i c i p a l l i a b i l i t y c l a i m a g a i n s t A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y

p r e m i s e d o n i t s f

a i l u r e t o p r e v e n t suicide o r s e l f

- h a r m a m o n g s t a t

- r i s k i n m a t e s d u e t o

i n a d e q u a t e s t a f

f i n g a s w e l l a s t h e f

a i l u r e t o t r a i n e m p l o y e e s i n t h e p r o p e r p r o c e d u r e s t o

p r o t e c t a t

- r i s k i n m a t e s

. C o u n t I I a l l e g e d t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l D e f e n d a n t s a c t e d w i t h

1 The part ies consen t ed to a United States Magistrate Judge conducting any or all

proceedings in this ma tter. See 28 U. S.C

. § 636(c)(1 ).

2 T he other defendant s name d in this action were dis mi ssed pursuant to st i p ula tion.3

r e c k l e s s i n d i f

f e r e n c e b y f

a i l i n g t o t a k e r e a s o n a b l e s t e p s t o e n s u r e O r l a n d o ’ s s a f e t y ( a n d

,

s p e c i f i c a l l y w i t h r e s p e c t t o W a r d e n H a r p e r a n d D e p u t y W a r d e n W a i n w r i g h t

, b y a l l e g e d l y

f a i l i n g e m p l o y a n adequate l e v e l o f s t a f f i n g )

. F i n a l l y

, C o u n t I I I s e t f o r t h a w r o n g f

u l

d e a t h c l a i m u n d e r s t a t e l a w

.

D e f e n d a n t s m o v e d f

o r s u m m a r y j u d g m e n t

. T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t g r a n t e d t h e i r

m o t i o n a n d e n t e r e d j u d g m e n t i n t h e i r f a v o r a n d a g a i n s t L a w n i c z a k

. T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t

explained t h a t “ [ i ] n t h i s C i r c u i t

, ‘ t h e v u l n e r a b i l i t y t o s u i c i d e f r a m e w o r k a p p l i e s w h e n a

p l a i n t i f f s e e k s t o h o l d p r i s o n o f

f i c i a l s a c c o u n t a b l e f

o r f a i l i n g t o p r e v e n t a p r i s o n

s u i c i d e

. ’ ” L a w n i c z a k v

. A l l e g h e n y C t y

. , C i v i l A c t i o n N o

. 1 7

- 0 0 1 8 5

, 2 0 1 9 W L 1 9 2 3 3 7 9

,

a t * 5 ( W

. D

. P a

. A p r

. 3 0

, 2 0 1 9 ) ( q u o t i n g P a l a k o v i c v

. W e t z e l

, 8 5 4 F

. 3 d 2 0 9

, 2 2 4 ( 3 d C i r

.

2 0 1 7 ) )

. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t

, “ t h e r e i s n o e v i d e n c e f r o m w h i c h a r e a s o n a b l e

j u r y c o u l d c o n c l u d e t h a t C O B o n e n b e r g e r

, S g t

. H a b u r j a k

, a n d N u r s e C o r r a d o w e r e

d e l i b e r a t e l y i n d i f

f e r e n t t o s u i c i d e t h r o u g h o u t t h e i r i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h h i m

. ” I d

. a t * 6

.

V i e w i n g t h e e v i d e n c e i n t h e l i g h t m o s t f a v o r a b l e t o L a w n i c z a k

, t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t

d e t e r m i n e d t h a t “ t h e r e c o r d r e f l e c t s t h a t a l l t h r e e D e f

e n d a n t s ‘ w e r e sensitive t o a p o t e n t i a l

t h a t [ O r l a n d o ] w a s s u i c i d a l a n d t o o k m o r e t h a n n e c e s s a r y p r e c a u t i o n s b a s e d o n t h e

a v a i l a b l e i n f

o r m a t i o n a n d c i r c u m s t a n c e s a s t h e y a p p e a r e d

. ’ ” I d

. ( q u o t i n g B a e z v

.

L a n c a s t e r C t y

. , 4 8 7 F

. A p p ’ x 3 0

, 3 2 ( 3 d C i r

. 2 0 1 2 ) )

. W i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e c l a i m s a g a i n s t

A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y

, W a r d e n H a r p e r

, a n d D e p u t y W a r d e n W a i n w r i g h t

, t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t

c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e s e s e c o n d a r y t h e o r i e s o f l i a b i l i t y n e c e s s a r i l y f a i l e d g i v e n i t s

d e t e r m i n a t i o n t h a t O r l a n d o ’ s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t s w e r e n o t v i o l a t e d

. I t a l s o d e c l i n e d t o

e x e r c i s e s u p p l e m e n t a l j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r t h e r e m a i n i n g s t a t e l a w c o u n t

. S e e 2 8 U

. S

. C

. §4

1 3 6 7 ( c ) ( 3 )

.

I I

.

“ T h e D u e P r o c e s s C l a u s e o f t h e F o u r t e e n t h A m e n d m e n t p r o v i d e s p r e

- t r i a l

d e t a i n e e s a t l e a s t a s m u c h p r o t e c t i o n f o r p e r s o n a l s e c u r i t y a s t h e l e v e l g u a r a n t e e d t o

p r i s o n e r s b y t h e E i g h t h A m e n d m e n t

. ” 3 P a l a k o v i c

, 8 5 4 F

. 3 d a t 2 2 2 ( c i t i n g C o l b u r n

, 8 3 8

F

. 2 d a t 6 6 8 )

. U n d e r “ t h e v u l n e r a b i l i t y t o s u i c i d e ” f r a m e w o r k

, a p l a i n t i f

f m u s t s h o w :

(1) t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l h a d a p a r t i c u l a r v u l n e r a b i l i t y t o s u i c i d e

, m e a n i n g t h a t

t h e r e w a s a “ s t r o n g l i k e l i h o o d r a t h e r t h a n a m e r e p o s s i b i l i t y

, ” t h a t a s u i c i d e

w o u l d b e a t t e m p t e d ; ( 2 ) t h a t t h e p r i s o n o f f i c i a l k n e w o r s h o u l d h a v e k n o w n

o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l ’ s p a r t i c u l a r v u l n e r a b i l i t y ; a n d ( 3 ) t h a t t h e o f f i c i a l a c t e d

w i t h r e c k l e s s o r d e l i b e r a t e i n d i f f e r e n c e

, m e a n i n g s o m e t h i n g b e y o n d m e r e

n e g l i g e n c e

, t o t h e i n d i v i d u a l ’ s p a r t i c u l a r v u l n e r a b i l i t y

.

I d

. a t 2 2 3

- 2 4 ( f

o o t n o t e o m i t t e d )

. W e a g r e e w i t h t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t t h a t n o r e a s o n a b l e

j u r o r c o u l d f

i n d t h a t C o r r e c t i o n s O f

f i c e r B o n e n b e r g e r

, S e r g e a n t H a b u r j a k a n d N u r s e

C o r r a d o a c t e d w i t h r e c k l e s s o r d e l i b e r a t e i n d i f f e r e n c e

.

U p o n O r l a n d o ’ s a r r i v a l a t t h e A C J f o l l o w i n g h i s a r r e s t f

o r s i m p l e a s s a u l t

,

h a r a s s m e n t

, a n d p u b l i c drunkenness

, t h e a r r e s t i n g p o l i c e o f f i c e r s t o l d C o r r e c t i o n s O f

f i c e r

B o n e n b e r g e r t h a t O r l a n d o h a d s a i d t h a t h e w a n t e d t o h a n g h i m s e l f

. C o r r e c t i o n s O f f i c e r

B o n e n b e r g e r c o n v e y e d t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n t o S e r g e a n t H a b u r j a k

. E x p e r i e n c i n g t h e e f

f e c t s

3 T he District C ourt had subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331.

We have appellate jurisdiction und er 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review over

a d istric t court ’ s order granting a motion for summa ry judgment. See , e. g.

, Blunt v.

Lower Merion Sch. Di st

. , 767 F. 3d 247, 26 5 (3d Cir. 2014) . Summary j udgm ent is

appropriate if the moving party shows that “ there is no genuine dispute as to any material

fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a ma tter of law. ” Fe d. R

. Civ. P. 56( a ). “ A

factual dispute is m aterial if it bears on an essential element of the p la intiff ’ s claim, and is

gen uine if a reasonable jury could find in fav or of the non moving party

. ” Natale , 318

F.3d at 580 (citing Fakete v. Aetna, Inc

. , 308 F.3d 335, 337 (3d Cir. 2002)).5

o f w i t h d r a w a l

, O r l a n d o w a s e x t r e m e l y a g i t a t e d a n d distraught

. D u r i n g t h e i n t a k e p r o c e s s

( w h i c h w a s v i d e o t a p e d )

, O r l a n d o s a i d : “ I ’ m s i c k

. I ’ m d y i n g o f l i v e r disease

. I ’ m o n

h i g h d o s e s o f F e n t a n y l a n d X a n a x

. I ’ m g o i n g t o d i e i n h e r e

. I ’ m g o i n g t o f u c k i n g d i e i n

h e r e

. I a m g o i n g t o d i e i n h e r e

. ” ( R R 2 6 7

. ) I m m e d i a t e l y f o l l o w i n g t h o s e s t a t e m e n t s

, h e

s a i d “ I h o p e I d i e

. C a u s ’ y o u ’ r e g o i n g t o b e i n t r o u b l e ” a n d “ I h o p e I f u c k i n g d i e i n h e r e

. ”

( I d

. ) L a w n i c z a k emphasizes t h e f a c t t h a t “ S e r g e a n t H a b u r j a k e x p r e s s l y a c k n o w l e d g e d

M r

. O r l a n d o ’ s n e e d f

o r a s u i c i d e g o w n ” b u t “ f a i l e d t o p r o v i d e h i m o n e

. ” ( A p p e l l a n t ’ s

B r i e f a t 1 6 ( e m p h a s i s o m i t t e d ) ( c i t i n g R R 2 5 9

- R R 2 6 0 )

. ) H o w e v e r

, O r l a n d o w a s

“ c o n f i n e d

. . . t o a c h a i r with w r i s t

, w a i s t

, a n d a n k l e r e s t r a i n t s f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y e i g h t ( 8 )

h o u r s

. ” ( I d

. ( c i t i n g R R 2 5 9

- R R 2 6 0 )

. ) W h i l e r e s t r a i n e d

, h e w a s p l a c e d i n a c e l l u s e d f o r

i n m a t e s o n s u i c i d e p r e c a u t i o n s

, w h i c h i s l o c a t e d d i r e c t l y i n f r o n t o f t h e c o r r e c t i o n s

o f f i c e r ’ s d e s k a n d w h i c h p e r m i t t e d t h e o f f i c e r s t o o b s e r v e O r l a n d o

. T h e t w o c o r r e c t i o n s

o f f i c e r s d i d n o t r e l a y t o N u r s e C o r r a d o w h a t t h e a r r e s t i n g o f f i c e r s s a i d t o C o r r e c t i o n s

O f f i c e r B o n e n b e r g e r b e f

o r e s h e i n t e r v i e w e d O r l a n d o

, b u t O r l a n d o ’ s s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t

k i l l i n g h i m s e l f w e r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e i r s u b s e q u e n t w r i t t e n r e p o r t s

. “ T h e r e c o r d a l s o

r e f l e c t s t h a t N u r s e C o r r a d o e x a m i n e d O r l a n d o m o m e n t s a f t e r h e w a s p l a c e d i n t h e

r e s t r a i n t c h a i r ” a n d t h a t h e c o n t i n u e d t o t h r e a t e n “ t o h a r m e v e r y o n e p r e s e n t

, i n c l u d i n g

h i m s e l f

. ” ( R R 4 7

. ) G i v e n t h e v o l a t i l e n a t u ' r e o f t h e w h o l e e p i s o d e ( a s w e l l a s t h e f a c t

t h a t N u r s e C o r r a d o c o n c l u d e d t h a t O r l a n d o w a s s u i c i d a l b a s e d o n h e r o w n o b s e r v a t i o n s

a n d O r l a n d o ’ s r e s p o n s e s t o h e r q u e s t i o n s )

, w e a g r e e w i t h t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t t h a t “ n o

r e a s o n a b l e j u r y c o u l d f

i n d t h a t C O B o n e n b e r g e r a n d S g t

. H a b u r j a k ’ s f a i l u r e t o i n f

o r m

N u r s e C o r r a d o o f [ O r l a n d o ’ s s t a t e m e n t s t o t h e a r r e s t i n g o f f i c e r s ] c o n s t i t u t e d d e l i b e r a t e6

i n d i f f e r e n c e t o O r l a n d o ’ s p a r t i c u l a r v u l n e r a b i l i t y t o s u i c i d e

. ” L a w n i c z a k

, 2 0 1 9 W L

1 9 2 3 3 7 9

, a t * 6

.

L a w n i c z a k t a k e s N u r s e C o r r a d o t o t a s k b e c a u s e s h e “ f a i l e d t o r e f

e r M r

. O r l a n d o t o

a n o u t s i d e f

a c i l i t y f o r m e n t a l h e a l t h t r e a t m e n t e v e n t h o u g h s h e h a d t h e a u t h o r i t y t o d o s o

o r t o p l a c e M r

. O r l a n d o o n s u i c i d e p r e c a u t i o n s w h e n s h e c l e a r e d h i m f o r a d m i t t a n c e t o

A C J

, e v e n t h o u g h s h e h a d t h e a u t h o r i t y t o d o s o

. ” ( A p p e l l a n t ’ s B r i e f a t 1 6

- 1 7 ( e m p h a s i s

o m i t t e d ) ( c i t i n g R R 2 6 0 ) ( f u r t h e r n o t i n g t h a t N u r s e C o r r a d o a l l e g e d l y f a i l e d t o i n c l u d e

v i t a l i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g O r l a n d o ’ s m e n t a l s t a t e i n s h i f t

- t o

- s h i f t r e p o r t )

. ) A d m i t t e d l y

,

O r l a n d o d i d d i s c l o s e t o N u r s e C o r r a d o h i s c u r r e n t d r u g u s a g e a s w e l l a s h i s h i s t o r y o f

m e n t a l h e a l t h p r o b l e m s

. N u r s e C o r r a d o c o n c l u d e d h e w a s a h a r m t o h i m s e l f a n d s u i c i d a l

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, s h e t e s t i f

i e d a t h e r d e p o s i t i o n t h a t s h e r e c e i v e d n o f o r m a l t r a i n i n g a t t h e

A C J e x c l u s i v e l y d e v o t e d t o s u i c i d e p r e v e n t i o n p r a c t i c e s a n d c o u l d n o t r e c a l l t h a t t h e A C J

h a d a w r i t t e n s u i c i d e p r e v e n t i o n p o l i c y a t t h e t i m e o f h e r i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h O r l a n d o

. 4 W e

r e i t e r a t e

, h o w e v e r

, t h a t

, a t t h e t i m e N u r s e C o r r a d o i n t e r v i e w e d a n d m e d i c a l l y c l e a r e d

O r l a n d o f o r A C J a d m i s s i o n

, O r l a n d o w a s s t i l l r e s t r a i n e d i n a c e l l t h a t c o u l d b e d i r e c t l y

m o n i t o r e d b y t h e c o r r e c t i o n s o f f i c e r s

. N u r s e C o r r a d o a l s o k n e w t h a t a f t e r h i s

a r r a i g n m e n t

, O r l a n d o w o u l d b e s e e n n o t o n l y b y a n o t h e r n u r s e

— f o r a c o m p r e h e n s i v e

a s s e s s m e n t o f h i s m e d i c a l n e e d s

— b u t

, i f n e c e s s a r y

, a l s o b y a m e n t a l h e a l t h s p e c i a l i s t

.

4 It appears that O r lando was not examined by a mental health specialist until after

he was removed from the re straint chair. “ Pursuant to ACJ policies and procedures, M r

. O r lando should not have been rele a s ed from the res trai nt chair without the approval of a

mental health specialist ” and “ should have been placed i n a suicide gown as a

preventative measu re

. ” ( Appel lant ’ s Brief at 5

- 6 (citing RR124

, RR134, RR160

-

RR178 ) .)7

I n f a c t

, O r l a n d o w a s s u b s e q u e n t l y s e e n b y a n o t h e r n u r s e a s w e l l a s a m e n t a l h e a l t h

s p e c i a l i s t

. T h e i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n O r l a n d o

, C o r r e c t i o n s O f f i c e r B o n e n b e r g e r

, S e r g e a n t

H a b u r j a k

, a n d N u r s e C o r r a d o o c c u r r e d o n M a r c h 2 4

- 2 5

, 2 0 1 6

, a n d O r l a n d o h a n g e d

h i m s e l f o n M a r c h 2 9

, 2 0 1 6

. I n t h e i n t e r i m

, O r l a n d o w a s s e e n b y

, a m o n g o t h e r s : ( 1 )

C h a r l o t t e W r i g h t ( w h o w a s e m p l o y e d b y a n e x t e r n a l a g e n c y p r o v i d i n g v a r i o u s s e r v i c e s t o

i n d i v i d u a l s s u f

f e r i n g f r o m m e n t a l h e a l t h i s s u e s ) ; ( 2 ) N u r s e T h e r e s a L a t h a m ( w h o

c o n d u c t e d a c o m p r e h e n s i v e m e d i c a l a s s e s s m e n t o f O r l a n d o a n d a c t u a l l y r e f e r r e d h i m t o a

m e n t a l h e a l t h s p e c i a l i s t ) ; ( 4 ) M e n t a l H e a l t h S p e c i a l i s t R u t h H a r r i s o n ( e

. g

. , “ M r

. O r l a n d o

w a s ‘ c l e a r e d t o p o p u l a t i o n ’ b y a m e n t a l h e a l t h specialist ” ( A p p e l l a n t ’ s B r i e f a t 8 ( q u o t i n g

R R 1 0 2

, R R 1 7 9

- R R 1 8 0 ) )

, r e s u l t i n g i n h i s a s s i g n m e n t t o a m e n t a l h e a l t h u n i t ( P o d 5

- F )

w h e r e i n m a t e s a r e “ d o u b l e c e l l e d ” w i t h a c e l l m a t e ) ; a n d ( 5 ) D

. W

. S t e c h s c h u l t e

, M

. D

.

( w h o s a w O r l a n d o o n M a r c h 2 8 a n d M a r c h 2 9 a n d c l e a r e d h i m t o b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e

g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w o a n d a h a l f h o u r s b e f o r e t h e h a n g i n g o c c u r r e d )

.

B e c a u s e O r l a n d o ’ s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t s w e r e n o t v i o l a t e d

, L a w n i c z a k ’ s c l a i m s

a g a i n s t A l l e g h e n y C o u n t y

, W a r d e n H a r p e r

, a n d D e p u t y W a r d e n W a i n w r i g h t n e c e s s a r i l y

f a i l

. 5 S e e C i t y o f L o s A n g e l e s v

. H e l l e r

, 4 7 5 U

. S

. 7 9 6

, 7 9 9 ( 1 9 8 6 )

.

5 According to Lawni czak, Deputy Warden Wain wright adm it ted that t he A C J did

not have enough manpower to mo nitor Pod 5

- F , that the AC J may need to ree valuate how

they handle p eople with men tal health issues

, and that the treat ment of inmates with

mental health issues co u ld be classified a s ina de quate

. Sh e al so contends that Warden

Harper received complaints f rom a couple of corrections officers regarding inadequate

staffing levels (which he found to be invalid) and t hat he did not know if AC J intake staff

were properly trai ned in suicide prevention practi ces

. However, there were three

correction s officers working on the pod a t the tim e o f the han ging

. Regarding Deputy

Warden W ain w right ’ s alleged “ ina d equate ” treatment statement, we agree with the

District Court that he “ was specif ically t estifying ab o ut t h e ‘ use of force ’ with respect to8 I I I

.

F o r t h e f o r e g o i n g r e a s o n s

, w e w i l l a f f i r m t h e o r d e r a n d j u d g m e n t o f t h e D i s t r i c t

C o u r t

.

the AC J ’ s treatment of ment al health inmates. ” Lawni czak , 2019 WL 1923379, at * 2 n.8

. Warden Harper lik ewise testified at his de position that su icide prevention training was

provided to the staff (even t hough he could n ot say at that time t hat all o f the int ake

personnel were trained).