DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Agency Financial Report

Fiscal Year 2014 November 17, 2014

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
 

Agency Financial Report
 

Fiscal Year 2014 
Department of the Treasury
 

Mission Statement
 

Maintain a strong economy and create economic and job 

opportunities by promoting conditions that enable economic 

growth and stability at home and abroad; strengthen 

national security by combating threats and protecting the 

integrity of the financial system; and manage the U.S. 

government’s finances and resources effectively. 

Treasury’s Strategic Goals
 

1. Promote domestic economic 

growth and stability while continuing 

reforms of the financial system 

1

2 3

4 5

1

2 3

4 5

2. Enhance U.S. competitiveness 

and job creation, and promote 

international financial stability and 

more balanced global growth 

3. Fairly and effectively reform 

and modernize federal financial 

management, accounting, 

and tax systems 

4. Safeguard the financial 

system and use financial 

measures to counter 

national security threats 

5. Create a 21st-century 

approach to government 

by improving efficiency, 

effectiveness, and 

customer interaction 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY................................................................................................................... 1

PART 1: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (UNAUDITED)

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3

ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4

TREASURY'S FISCAL YEAR 2014-2017 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK................................................................................................. 7

FISCAL YEAR 2014 PERFORMANCE BY STRATEGIC GOAL ............................................................................................................ 8

PERFORMANCE TREND HIGHLIGHTS ......................................................................................................................................... 18

MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES HIGHLIGHTS.................................................................................................. 21

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS........................................................................................................................................................... 22

MANAGEMENT ASSURANCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 29

PART 2: ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT

MESSAGE FROM THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MANAGEMENT AND DEPUTY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER .................................. 36

INSPECTOR GENERAL’S TRANSMITTAL LETTER .......................................................................................................................... 37

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 39

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSE TO INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT............................................................................................. 46

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 47

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................................................................................... 54

REQUIRED SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) ........................................................................................................ 128

PART 3: OTHER INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

SECTION A: SCHEDULE OF SPENDING........................................................................................................................................ 135

SECTION B: TAX GAP AND TAX BURDEN.................................................................................................................................... 136

SECTION C: MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BY THE INSPECTORS GENERAL AND THE SECRETARY’S 

RESPONSES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 139

SECTION D: SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT AND MANAGEMENT ASSURANCES........................................................ 195

SECTION E:IMPROPER PAYMENTS DETAILED REPORT ............................................................................................................... 196

SECTION F: MATERIAL WEAKNESSES AND AUDIT FOLLOW UP .................................................................................................... 208

SECTION G: FREEZE THE FOOTPRINT ........................................................................................................................................ 216

APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ 217
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY

As we issue the Agency Financial Report for the Department of the Treasury this year, our nation’s 

economy is growing and moving forward steadily. We have seen significant progress in

strengthening the economy, thanks to the spirit of the American people and the reforms put in place 

by the Administration to reform the financial sector since the depths of the financial crisis. 

The signs of recovery are clear. This Administration’s policies have helped set in motion the fastest 

pace of U.S. fiscal consolidation in more than 60 years, reducing the deficit from a peak of 9.8 

percent of GDP in 2009 to 2.8 percent of GDP in 2014. Fiscal Year 2014 concluded with unemployment below 6 percent 

— its lowest point since July 2008. The October employment report showed that over the past twelve months, the 

number of private-sector jobs increased by 2.6 million and private employment has risen by at least 200,000 for nine 

consecutive months — the first time that has happened since the 1990s. These economic indicators emphasize what is 

possible if we continue to invest in growth and create opportunities for more Americans. This year, we also have 

continued to protect our international financial system and advance key national security objectives, through regulation, 

enforcement, financial intelligence analysis, and targeted financial measures. 

While the ongoing economic recovery is strong, there is still more work to do. The Treasury Department released a new 

strategic plan earlier this year that set five goals for the Department so we can meet our obligations to the American 

people and help secure America’s economic future. These goals are: promoting domestic growth and stability; promoting 

international stability and balanced global growth; modernizing the management of the country’s finances; safeguarding 

and protecting the financial system; and instilling a culture of excellence across the Treasury Department. 

As demonstrated in this report, we have already made significant progress toward achieving these goals in fiscal year 

2014. 

• Promoting domestic growth and stability: We made major strides in winding down emergency financial 

crisis response programs, coordinated the final rules designed to make the financial system stronger and more 

resilient, and extended affordable housing programs to more Americans; 

• Promoting international financial stability and balanced global growth: We advanced negotiations 

for critical free trade agreements, including the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and helped 

improve economic conditions in Europe; 

• Reforming and modernizing federal financial management, accounting, and tax systems: We 

implemented tax-related provisions of both the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Foreign 

Account Tax Compliance Act, among many other critical tax regulations; 

• Protecting our national security: We increased coordination with key industry and government partners 

worldwide, including providing critical support to fragile economies in the Middle East and Africa that are 

threatened by extremism and terrorism; put in place sophisticated sanctions regimes in response to the Ukraine 

crisis, and continued efforts to address Iran’s nuclear program; and

• Creating a 21st century approach to government: We established a Data Steward Group to improve data 

quality and designated Federal Financial Management Shared Service Providers, which will improve efficiency 

government-wide. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Looking forward, we need to build on these accomplishments. To get this done, we will continue to work with businesses, 

industries, and organizations as well as international, federal, state, and local officials to meet the challenges ahead. We 

will also continue to work with Congress on legislation that can make rules and government oversight more effective. 

Within the Treasury Department, we will focus on a comprehensive set of management priorities, including recruiting 

and retaining outstanding employees and improving the customer experience, which will allow us to continue to lead and 

support government-wide efforts to increase productivity, reduce waste, and modernize processes and systems. 

As part of this report, the Treasury Department received an unmodified audit opinion on its consolidated financial 

statements. Treasury validated the financial and performance data as accurate, complete, and reliable. Treasury 

strengthened its management controls and made progress toward achieving U.S. financial systems and control objectives. 

We provide this report as a comprehensive review of the Treasury Department’s important work as well as its finances. 

I look forward to building on the progress described in this year’s Agency Financial Report and leading our efforts to 

achieve the Treasury Department’s strategic goals for stronger, more sustainable economic growth for years to come. 

Jacob J. Lew

Secretary of the Treasury

November 17, 2014
PART 1:

Management’s

Discussion

and Analysis

U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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INTRODUCTION

This Agency Financial Report (AFR) presents the Department of the Treasury’s (Treasury) operational and financial performance 

during Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 in pursuit of its vital mission to maintain a strong economy and create economic and job opportunities 

by promoting conditions that enable economic growth and stability at home and abroad, strengthen national security by combating 

threats and protecting the integrity of the financial system, and manage the U.S. government’s finances and resources effectively.

Throughout its rich history, Treasury’s core mission has not changed. With approximately 100,000 employees in its ranks, 

Treasury remains the steward of the U.S. economy —taking in revenue, meeting financial obligations, and, when appropriate, 

borrowing and investing public funds. In recent years, Treasury’s role has expanded to include being a leader in safeguarding and 

growing the nation’s economy.

HOW TREASURY MANAGES ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Treasury is committed to using performance information to shape decisions and drive results, with robust and thoughtful processes 

in place to support this commitment. The Quarterly Performance Review (QPR) process plays a key role in Treasury’s management 

approach, providing a forum for leaders to allocate resources and analyze important organizational performance and management 

data such as the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey results, information technology metrics, and procurement information. 

This fiscal year, Treasury implemented the Strategic Objective Annual Review (SOAR) process, which builds upon the QPR 

foundation and enables cross-cutting discussions about strategic issues. Through this review process, representatives from across 

the Department identified key areas of progress, challenges, risks, and opportunities for each strategic objective. These 

representatives then established actionable next steps for completion in the ensuing 12 to 18 months that will address the SOAR 

findings and sustain progress toward the achievement of Treasury’s strategic plan. As part of the process, Treasury categorized a 

subset of objectives as having made “noteworthy progress” (a success story that should be shared widely) or facing “significant 

challenges” 1(those that impede progress, including ones requiring outside assistance to move forward). Considering the 

complexity of Treasury’s objectives, different elements within the same objective could fall under either category. Categorizing a 

subset of objectives served as a useful prioritization tool for agency discussions. 

WHAT’S IN THIS DISCUSSION?

In addition to highlighting Treasury’s financial performance and management challenges, Part I of the AFR provides an overview of 

Treasury’s progress toward its FY 2014-2017 Strategic Plan. The following information is provided for each goal:

• An overview of Treasury’s FY 2014 performance in that goal, including how objectives were categorized during the SOAR

• “In Focus” – A deeper look at some of the critical work being done by Treasury to achieve the goal

• “What’s Next?” – A summary of Treasury’s plans for the next year, including key next steps identified during the SOAR

• “Summary of Goal Performance” – A table highlighting key progress and remaining challenges for the goal’s objectives

While performance information highlights are presented at the end of the discussion, more detailed performance information for 

all programs listed in Treasury’s program inventory are in the Annual Performance Report (APR), released February 2015.2 This 

report will be available on Treasury’s website at: http://www.treasury.gov/about/budget-performance/annual-performanceplan/Pages/default.aspx. 

 

1 August 2014 guidance from the Office of Management and Budget changes this category to “focus areas for improvement” in future years.

2 Treasury has chosen not to release a consolidated/overarching Performance and Accountability Report. In addition to the APR, readers can 

access www.performance.gov for the latest information on all agency priority goals and objectives and a copy of Treasury’s program inventory.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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ORGANIZATION

Treasury is organized into the Departmental Offices, seven bureaus, and three inspectors general. The Departmental Offices are 

primarily responsible for policy formulation, while the bureaus are the operating units of the organization.3

 

3 Learn more about Treasury’s bureaus and offices on the following pages and at http://www.treasury.gov/about/organizationalstructure/Pages/default.aspx. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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DEPARTMENTAL OFFICES

Domestic Finance works to preserve confidence in the U.S. Treasury securities market, effectively manage federal fiscal 

operations, strengthen financial institutions and markets, promote access to credit, and improve financial access and education in 

service of America’s long-term economic strength and stability.

International Affairs protects and supports U.S. economic prosperity and national security by working to foster the most 

favorable external environment for sustained jobs and economic growth in the United States.

Terrorism and Financial Intelligence marshals the Department’s intelligence and enforcement functions with the twin aims 

of safeguarding the financial system against illicit use and combating rogue nations, terrorist facilitators, weapons of mass

destruction proliferators, money launderers, drug kingpins, and other national security threats.

Economic Policy reports on current and prospective economic developments and assists in the determination of appropriate 

economic policies. The office is responsible for the review and analysis of domestic economic issues and developments in the 

financial markets.

Tax Policy develops and implements tax policies and programs, reviews regulations and rulings to administer the Internal 

Revenue Code, negotiates tax treaties, and provides economic and legal policy analysis for domestic and international tax policy 

decisions. Tax Policy also provides revenue estimates for the President’s Budget.

The Treasurer of the United States has direct oversight over the U.S. Mint and Bureau of Engraving and Printing and chairs 

the Advanced Counterfeit Deterrence Steering Committee and is a key liaison with the Federal Reserve. In addition, the Treasurer 

serves as a senior advisor to the Secretary in the areas of community development and public engagement.

The Office of Management, including the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), is responsible for managing the Department’s financial 

resources and overseeing Treasury-wide programs, including human capital, information technology, acquisition, and diversity and 

inclusion efforts.

Three inspectors general – the Office of the Inspector General (OIG), the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 

Administration (TIGTA), and the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP) –

provide independent audits, investigations, and oversight of the Department of the Treasury and its programs.

Other offices include General Counsel, Legislative Affairs, and Public Affairs.

BUREAUS

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) collects federal excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and 

ammunition; and is responsible for enforcing and administering laws covering the production, use, and distribution of alcohol 

products.

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) develops and produces U.S. currency notes that are trusted worldwide.

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) safeguards the financial system from illicit use and combats money 

laundering and promotes national security through the collection, analysis, and dissemination of financial intelligence and strategic 

use of financial authorities.

The Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) —previously the Financial Management Service and the Bureau of the 

Public Debt —provides central payment services to federal program agencies, operates the U.S. government’s collections and 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

6

deposit systems, provides government-wide accounting and reporting services, and manages the collection of delinquent debt owed 

to the U.S. government. In addition, the Fiscal Service borrows the money needed to operate the U.S. government through the sale 

of marketable, savings, and special-purpose (including the state and local government series) U.S. Treasury securities, and accounts 

for and services the public debt.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the largest of the Department’s bureaus and determines, assesses, and collects tax 

revenue in the United States.

The United States Mint (U.S. Mint) designs, mints, and issues U.S. circulating and bullion coins; prepares and distributes 

numismatic coins and other items; and strikes Congressional Gold Medals and other medals of national significance. The Mint 

maintains physical custody and protection of most of the nation’s gold and all of its silver assets.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) charters, regulates, and supervises national banks and federal savings 

associations (thrifts) to ensure that they operate in a safe and sound manner, provide fair access to financial services, treat 

customers fairly and comply with applicable laws and regulations. The OCC also supervises federal branches and agencies of 

foreign banks and has rule-making authority for all savings associations.

Figure 1: Main Treasury Building in Washington, D.C.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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TREASURY FISCAL YEAR 2014-2017 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK

The strategic framework comprises the Department’s strategic goals and objectives. All bureaus and offices align their programs 

within this framework, which forms the basis for organizational performance management across the agency.

Strategic Goals Strategic Objectives Contributing 

Bureaus/Offices

Economic

Goal 1: 

Promote domestic 

economic growth and 

stability while 

continuing reforms of 

the financial system

1.1: Promote savings and increased access to credit and affordable 

housing options Domestic Finance

International Affairs

Economic Policy

BEP

Fiscal Service

OCC

TTB

U.S. Mint

1.2: Wind down emergency financial crisis response programs

1.3: Complete implementation of financial regulatory reform initiatives, 

continue monitoring capital markets, and address threats to 

stability

1.4: Facilitate commerce by providing trusted and secure U. S. currency, 

products, and services for use by the public

Goal 2: 

Enhance U.S. 

competitiveness and 

job creation, and 

promote international 

financial stability and 

more balanced global 

growth

2.1: Promote free trade, open markets, and foreign investment 

opportunities

International Affairs

TFI

Economic Policy

Tax Policy

2.2: Protect global economic and financial stability and press for 

market-determined foreign exchange rates

2.3: Advance U.S. economic, financial, and national security goals by 

leveraging multilateral mechanisms

2.4: Provide technical assistance to developing countries working to 

improve public financial management and strengthen their 

financial systems

Financial

Goal 3:

Fairly and effectively 

reform and 

modernize federal 

financial 

management, 

accounting, and tax 

systems

3.1: Improve the efficiency and transparency of federal financial 

management and government-wide accounting Domestic Finance

Tax Policy

Fiscal Service

IRS

TTB

3.2: Improve the disbursement and collection of federal funds and 

reduce improper payments made by the U.S. government

3.3: Pursue tax reform, implement the Patient Protection and 

Affordable Care Act, and Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, and 

improve the execution of the tax code

Security

Goal 4: 

Safeguard the 

financial system and 

use financial 

measures to counter 

national security 

threats

4.1: Identify priority threats to the financial system using intelligence 

analysis and outreach to the financial sector

TFI

Domestic Finance

FinCEN

OCC

4.2: Develop, implement, and enforce sanctions and other targeted 

financial measures

4.3: Improve the cybersecurity of our nation’s financial sector critical 

infrastructure

4.4: Protect the integrity of the financial system by implementing, 

promoting, and enforcing anti-money laundering and 

counterterrorism financing standards

Management

Goal 5: 

Create a 21st-century 

approach to 

government by 

improving efficiency, 

effectiveness and 

customer interaction

5.1: Increase workforce engagement, performance, and diversity by 

instilling excellence, innovation, and inclusion in Treasury’s 

organizational culture and business practices

All Offices and 

Bureaus, led by the 

Office of Management

5.2: Support effective, data-driven decision-making and encourage 

transparency through intelligent gathering, analysis, sharing, use, 

and dissemination of information 

5.3: Promote efficient use of resources through shared services, 

strategic sourcing, streamlined business processes, and 

accountability

5.4: Create a culture of service through relentless pursuit of customer 

value
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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FISCAL YEAR 2014 PERFORMANCE BY STRATEGIC GOAL

GOAL 1: PROMOTE DOMESTIC ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STABILITY WHILE 

CONTINUING REFORMS OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM

Economic growth stimulates opportunity, mobility, and security for Americans – and allows citizens and businesses to have more 

confidence in the safety and soundness of the financial system. In the FY 2014-2017 strategic plan, Treasury commits to promoting 

domestic economic stability in response to the 2008 financial crisis, building and strengthening domestic financial institutions and 

markets, and identifying emerging issues requiring Treasury’s leadership. An additional priority under this goal is to stimulate

domestic economic growth by facilitating commerce and promoting savings, access to credit, and affordable housing options. 

In FY 2014, Treasury made notable progress toward achieving its strategic objectives under this goal. As indicated in “Table 1: 

Summary of Goal One Performance,” major strides were made in winding down emergency financial crisis response programs, 

extending affordable housing programs to more Americans, and implementing major pieces of the financial regulatory reform 

required under the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform 

and Consumer Protection Act. 

In particular, after consulting with the Office of Management 

and Budget (OMB) on performance in this area, Treasury 

determined that “noteworthy progress” is being made toward

achieving Objective 1.2, “Wind down emergency financial 

crisis response programs,” based on the success of the

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). 

WHAT’S NEXT? 

Treasury is focused on pursuing opportunities to increase 

coordination with industry and government partners to 

execute the latest rules and to obtain high-quality data to 

monitor threats to the market. Treasury is also taking steps 

to address the ever-increasing demand for improved services, 

including more sophisticated and accessible currency and 

timely permitting and label approval for alcohol and tobacco 

businesses. Specifically, Treasury plans to pursue the 

following actions in FY 2015: 

• Work with Congress to extend the State Small Business 

Credit Initiative (SSBCI) authorization and to advance 

housing finance reform legislation

• Complete rulemakings for Dodd-Frank implementation and develop rulemaking to streamline and clarify the federal labeling 

and formula requirements for alcoholic beverages

• Complete the remaining pending evaluations of the Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund programs

• Continue the transition of the currency quality assurance program and submit alternative metals research to Congress

The 40,500 residents of 

economically depressed 

Sumter, South Carolina will 

see an estimated 1,600 

new jobs in their 

community over the next 

decade as a result of the 

construction of a new 

million-plus square foot 

manufacturing facility. 

Continental Tire’s new facility will expand the 

international automotive supplier’s operations in the 

United States. The project received a combined $57.06 

million loan from the Community Reinvestment Fund, 

National Development Council, and People Incorporated 

Financial Services as a result of the New Markets Tax 

Credit Program administered by Treasury’s CDFI Fund. 

Ninety percent of the new jobs created, which offer 

competitive wages, will be entry level. These types of jobs 

are desperately needed in Sumter, where the 

unemployment rate is about 1.5 times the national average 

(as of September 2014). 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF GOAL ONE PERFORMANCE 

Strategic 

Objective Key Areas of Progress (♦) and Challenges (≈)

1.1 Promote 

savings and 

increased access 

to credit and 

affordable 

housing options

♦

Helped increase housing affordability by extending the Making Homes Affordable Program through 

2016 and entering into a partnership with the Department of Housing and Urban Development 

(HUD) to help increase affordable options for renters 

♦ Held the first successful auction of the Floating Rate Note, the first new Treasury security in 15 

years, which will expand the U.S. investor base and provides more options to investors

♦ Provided more than 32,621 affordable housing units through the CDFI Program, New Markets Tax 

Credit Program, and Capital Magnet Fund lending and investing in FY 2014

♦ Introduced myRA, a simple, safe and affordable retirement savings option designed for Americans 

who do not have access to an employer-sponsored retirement plan

♦ Small business lending at participating banks has grown $13.8 billion over the baseline 

≈ Sales of retail securities continue to decline due to low interest rates and product complexity

1.2 Wind down 

emergency 

financial crisis 

response 

programs

♦ As of September 2014, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) collections, including proceeds from 

non-TARP AIG-shares sales, exceed total disbursements by $14.5 billion

♦ The Capital Purchase Program has generated $226.3 billion in proceeds for taxpayers through FY 

2014, with 43 institutions remaining in the program ($624.9 million in outstanding investments) 

♦

Completed the disposition of all remaining shares of General Motors in December 2013 and, 

subsequent to Treasury’s sale of approximately 102 million shares in the initial public offering (IPO) 

of Ally, began selling additional shares of Ally common stock through a pre-defined written trading 

plan

≈

Most of the largest mortgage servicers participating in the Making Home Affordable housing 

programs need minor or moderate improvement in their compliance with program requirements, 

according to the most recent Quarterly Servicer Assessment

1.3 Complete 

implementation of 

financial 

regulatory reform 

initiatives, 

continue 

monitoring capital 

markets, and 

address threats to 

stability

♦ Issued the Modernization Report required by Dodd-Frank, which makes recommendations in the 

areas of insurance sector solvency and marketplace regulation

♦ Made solid progress in standardizing essential data, including issuing more than 300,000 Legal 

Entity Identifiers (LEIs) to organizations in 186 countries

♦ Issued final rules implementing the Volcker Rule and Basel III capital rules

≈ Coordination with domestic and international actors is resource intensive

≈ Timely and robust data (and analytical capability) are vital to monitoring markets and identifying 

threats, but building the environment and infrastructure are costly

1.4 Facilitate 

commerce by 

providing trusted 

and secure U.S. 

currency, 

products, and 

services for use by 

the public

♦ Launched a currency reader distribution pilot program in 2014 to increase accessibility for the blind 

and visually impaired

♦ Met increased demand for currency while implementing operational efficiencies

♦ Began circulating the redesigned $100 Federal Reserve note, which includes several new security 

features

♦ Expanded the use of TTB’s Permits Online system, and improvements are in progress to support 

faster processing times for new businesses seeking a federal alcohol permit

♦ Removed a significant barrier to wine export trade by launching a consolidated export certificate for 

wine exports to China

♦

Hosted an infrastructure investment summit that brought together private investors and state and 

local government officials to build partnerships and develop strategies to close the infrastructure 

investment gap

≈ Increasing complexity of currency design and evolving customer needs require more complex and 

costly materials, production technologies, and employee skill sets to maintain high-quality notes

≈ Current legislation restricts changes to metal composition, size, and weight of coinage

≈

Growth in the alcohol beverage industry and increasing product innovation have increased the 

demand for TTB approvals, resulting in longer lead times to meet requirements that are preconditions to commerce

KEY: ♦ indicates an area of progress; ≈ indicates an area of challenge
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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GOAL 2: ENHANCE U.S. COMPETITIVENESS AND JOB CREATION, AND PROMOTE 

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STABILITY AND MORE BALANCED GLOBAL GROWTH

Treasury protects and supports American economic prosperity by strengthening the external environment for U.S. growth, 

preventing and mitigating global financial instability, and managing key global challenges. Over the next three years, the 

Department will continue to work with international partners to open new opportunities for American businesses and workers, 

level the playing field for U.S. firms doing business abroad, develop sound international financial regulatory standards consistent 

with domestic reforms, promote economic stability in strategically important countries, and leverage U.S. leadership positions in 

the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) to promote U.S. policy priorities around the world.

In FY 2014, Treasury made progress using a sometimes limited set of policy tools while facing major challenges. As indicated in 

“Table 2: Summary of Goal Two Performance,” evolving global geopolitical and financial crises and slowing economic growth in key 

regions and countries required Treasury to shift its focus away from some longer-term goals in favor of more immediate priorities. 

Despite this, Treasury successfully advocated for the prioritization of growth strategies in the Group of 20 (G-20), advanced 

negotiations for critical trade agreements, and 

made progress promoting financial stability in 

Europe. After consulting with OMB on 

performance in this goal, Treasury determined 

that “significant challenges” exist to achieving 

Objective 2.3, “Advance U.S. economic, financial, 

and national security goals by leveraging 

multilateral mechanisms,” due largely to the need 

for Congress to approve the 2010 International 

Monetary Fund (IMF) Quota and Governance 

Reforms and insufficient support for multilateral

assistance priorities, including arrears. 

WHAT’S NEXT?

Although progress toward this goal has been 

hampered by the challenges highlighted above, 

Treasury aims to bolster the impact of its efforts 

through expanded and additional bilateral and 

multilateral engagements in priority regions. 

Specifically, Treasury plans to pursue the following actions in FY 2015:

• Secure congressional approval of the 2010 IMF Quota and Governance Reforms Proposal

• Gain congressional support for Treasury’s International Programs budget proposal, which includes U.S. contributions to 

multilateral organizations in which the U.S. seeks to maintain a leadership position 

• Continue to negotiate tax treaties and international guidelines on the provision of official export financing

• Advance the financial services sections of the major trade agreements currently being negotiated, such as the Trans-Pacific 

Partnership, the Trade in Services Agreement, and the US-EU Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

For more than 20 years, International Affairs’ Office of Technical 

Assistance (OTA) has helped developing and transitional countries 

build their capacity to manage government finances more effectively, 

deliver essential public services, and grow their economies. Such 

assistance is also in the U.S. national interest as building strong 

economic governance regimes supports financial sector stability and 

fosters robust trade and investment relations. Currently, OTA 

operates in 44 countries with 100 active programs (see map below).
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF GOAL TWO PERFORMANCE 

Strategic 

Objective Key Areas of Progress (♦) and Challenges (≈)

2.1 Promote free 

trade, open 

markets, and 

foreign 

investment 

opportunities

♦

Negotiations of free trade agreements have progressed in key economic hubs such as the AsiaPacific region; Commitments secured through bilateral engagements including the U.S.-India 

Economic and Financial Partnership and the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue

♦

During the fiscal year, the Office of Tax Policy prepared for and testified before the Senate Foreign 

Relations Committee to recommend seven bilateral tax treaties that have been negotiated by the 

Office on behalf of the United States

≈ Evolving global economic and geopolitical conditions affect counterparts’ priorities and 

willingness to make concessions in negotiations

≈

The strengthening US economy yielded a corresponding increase in the number and complexity of 

cases before the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), complicating 

interagency coordination of the national security reviews

2.2 Protect global 

economic and 

financial stability 

and press for 

marketdetermined 

exchange rates

♦ Have worked to stabilize the European financial system (Ireland and Portugal successfully exited 

from IMF programs and the Greece IMF program financing gap was resolved)

♦ Made significant contributions to crisis response through Treasury’s Financial Attaché in Moscow 

and the rapid provision of a loan guarantee and technical assistance to Ukraine 

♦ Refocused the G-20 to consider growth strategies and successfully added global rebalancing to the 

Leaders’ Summit Agenda

≈ Evolving global geopolitical, economic, and financial crises require Treasury to rapidly shift its 

focus and limited resources away from longer-term priorities

≈ Rising costs of overseas operations hinder deployment of Financial Attachés and technical 

assistance advisors abroad, negatively impacting performance

2.3 Advance U.S. 

economic, 

financial, and 

national security 

goals by 

leveraging 

multilateral 

mechanisms

♦ Treasury’s Development Impact Honor Awards Program successfully highlighted the benefits of 

multilateral approaches to development 

♦ Continued to successfully encourage the use of systems for measuring, monitoring, and 

incorporating development results in Multilateral Development Bank operations

≈ Treasury’s work at the IMF is unnecessarily complicated by the U.S.’s status as the only country yet 

to approve the 2010 IMF Quota and Governance Reforms

≈ The U.S. could potentially lose influence in IFIs, as overdue U.S. contributions continue to

accumulate over time due to funding constraints

2.4 Provide 

technical 

assistance to 

developing 

countries 

working to 

improve public 

financial 

management and 

strengthen their 

financial systems

♦

Treasury had success in building relationships with foreign counterparts; 100 projects are 

currently active in 44 countries, and programs received a 3.7 out of 5 in FY 2014 internal 

evaluations for “traction” (which measures engagement with counterparts)

♦ A robust annual programmatic review has been instituted for all active projects before funding is 

allocated for the year; the review process includes defining priorities and measures for programs

♦

The Office of Technical Assistance (OTA) supported successful reforms by several jurisdictions 

previously cited by the Financial Action Task Force for serious non-compliance with anti-money 

laundering and counterterrorism financing standards

≈

Programmatic impact can be outside of Treasury’s control; programs received a 2.9 out of 5 in FY 

2014 internal evaluations for “impact” (which measures achievement of desired changes); rising 

cost of program administration from third parties limiting project selection

KEY: ♦ indicates an area of progress; ≈ indicates an area of challenge
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

12

GOAL 3: FAIRLY AND EFFECTIVELY REFORM AND MODERNIZE FEDERAL 

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTING, AND TAX SYSTEMS

Treasury is entrusted with managing the nation’s finances, which includes collecting money due to the United States, making 

payments owed by the United States, and financing the federal government by, in addition to collecting revenue, determining and 

executing a borrowing strategy that meets the federal government’s needs at the lowest cost over time. It also includes accounting 

for, and reporting on, the U.S. government’s finances to the American people. Sound financial management enables continual 

operation of essential government services and allows Treasury to meet its financial obligations while minimizing borrowing costs. 

Treasury made great strides during FY 2014, as indicated in “Table 3: Summary of Goal Three Performance.” Treasury began work 

to increase the usability of USAspending.gov, created a centralized service to help federal executive branch agencies reduce 

improper payments, and implemented tax-related 

provisions of both the Patient Protection and 

Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Foreign 

Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). Treasury 

made additional progress in improving payment 

accuracy through continued implementation of the 

“Do Not Pay” Business Center, which uses data to 

review the eligibility of government beneficiaries. 

Furthering Treasury’s efforts, the IRS combatted

tax refund fraud by using analytics to identify tax 

preparers who submit incorrect or fraudulent tax 

returns. Despite this progress, tight budget 

constraints facing the IRS resulted in fewer 

resources and missed opportunities in enforcement 

and service.

After consulting with OMB on performance in this 

area, Treasury determined that “noteworthy 

progress” was made toward achieving Objective 

3.2, “Improve the disbursement and collection of federal funds and reduce improper payments made by the U.S. government,” due 

to achievements in converting to electronic transactions. However, Treasury’s future efforts face “significant challenges” due to the

difficulty in making further gains toward the objective. 

WHAT’S NEXT? 

In the face of continued resource limitations and increasing requirements, including the implementation of new legislative 

requirements, Treasury plans to pursue the following in FY 2015: 

• Implement the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act (DATA) and improve IRS level of service to taxpayers, which will 

require Congress to approve increase funding to the IRS and Fiscal Service

• Gain approval of legislative proposals to improve debt collection and reduce Earned Income Tax Credit errors

• Build stronger relationships with the tax community and government partners to increase voluntary tax reporting and payment 

compliance

In July 2014, the Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) 

released its FY 2013 Annual Report to the States on the Treasury 

Offset Program’s (TOP) Delinquent Debt Collection. The report 

details each state’s success in collecting delinquent debts through a 

unique partnership with the federal government referred to as the 

State Reciprocal Program. 

Debts successfully recovered through 

TOP include delinquent child support 

and state income tax obligations, 

unemployment insurance 

compensation fraud debts, and more. 

“The Fiscal Service is proud of the work we have done in collecting 

more than $3.0 billion in delinquent debts for the states in FY 2013, 

including $1.9 billion of delinquent child support,” said Fiscal 

Service Commissioner Sheryl Morrow. “The simple premise of the 

offset program is that Treasury should not pay those individuals or 

businesses that have failed to meet their government obligations 

without first applying that money to the delinquent obligation.”
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

13

TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF GOAL THREE PERFORMANCE 

Strategic 

Objective Key Areas of Progress (♦) and Challenges (≈)

3.1 Improve the 

efficiency and 

transparency of 

federal financial 

management and 

governmentwide accounting

♦

Improvements made to the reliability of the Financial Report of the U.S. Government include 

making progress in establishing the General Fund as a reporting entity and meeting with 35 

agencies to create Agency Scorecards to facilitate review of agency performance in financial 

reporting

♦

Treasury will receive its 15th clean audit opinion on the Agency Financial Report (AFR) and the

Schedules of Federal Debt in FY 2014 and continues to report accurately on the Monthly and Daily 

Treasury Statements

♦ Since Treasury assumed program responsibility for USAspending.gov in February 2014, Treasury 

began usability improvements to the website and plans to launch an improved site in March 2015

≈ Encourage innovation from federal agencies and stakeholders to make data more accessible and 

easier to use, through implementation of the DATA Act

3.2 Improve the 

disbursement 

and collection of 

federal funds 

and reduce 

improper 

payments made 

by the U.S. 

government

♦ Implementation of the Paperless Treasury Initiative resulted in the percentage of electronic 

payments increasing from 77 percent in FY 2006 to 94 percent in FY 2014

♦

Completion of the Collections and Cash Management Modernization initiative resulted in an 

increase in the percentage of revenue collected (settled) electronically from 79 percent in FY 2006 

to 98 percent in FY 2014

♦ Treasury created a centralized portal and data analytics service, which provides payment 

verification information for Federal executive branch agencies to help reduce improper payments

≈

Further progress in increasing electronic payments will necessitate changing taxpayers’ behavior 

to achieve voluntary compliance because current law does not mandate electronic payments for 

tax refunds, including prepaid cards currently used for benefit payments to those without bank 

accounts

≈ Legislation is needed to allow for more debt collection tools as well as additional data sources for 

the Do Not Pay program to reduce improper payments

3.3 Pursue tax 

reform, 

implement the 

Patient 

Protection and 

Affordable Care 

Act (ACA) and 

Foreign Account 

Tax Compliance 

Act (FATCA), and 

improve the 

execution of the 

tax code

♦ Issued a notice that takes targeted action to reduce the benefits of corporate tax inversions

♦

Treasury implemented tax-related provisions of both the ACA and FATCA, including publishing 

major regulatory guidance, and completing 57 FATCA agreements in substance and signing 35 

FATCA agreements in FY 2014

♦ In FY 2014, the IRS suspended or rejected 5.0 million suspicious tax returns and stopped or 

prevented 1.8 million returns worth more than $10.0 billion to combat identity theft

♦ The Office of Tax Policy continued providing support for the ongoing efforts to achieve tax reform

♦ TTB successfully pursued criminal convictions for the illicit trade of alcohol and tobacco products,

with millions in tax liabilities identified

♦ TTB made advancements in tobacco science to support its pursuit of regulatory remedies to 

address enforcement challenges related to tax rate differentials on certain tobacco products

≈

The evolving scope and increasing complexity of international tax administration presents an 

increasing implementation challenge, especially when faced with continued reductions in 

resources, limited time to make changes, and the need to collaborate with domestic and 

international partners to enforce the law

≈ Treasury anticipates future growth in IRS call volumes and walk-in site visits

≈ Diversion schemes used to evade excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco products continue to grow 

and evolve, depriving governments and legitimate businesses of revenue

≈ The constrained budget environment of recent years has major implications for service to 

taxpayers, enforcement of the tax laws, and the overall administration of the tax system

KEY: ♦ indicates an area of progress; ≈ indicates an area of challenge
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

14

GOAL 4: SAFEGUARD THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND USE FINANCIAL MEASURES 

TO COUNTER NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS

Treasury works to protect the integrity of the financial system and advance key national security and foreign policy objectives 

through: outreach, coordination, and collaboration with public and private sector partners; regulation, enforcement, financial 

intelligence analysis; and targeted financial activities and measures. The Department looks for opportunities to aid the President’s 

financial stability and foreign policy agenda and develop creative alternatives to intervention, or, in the case of the latter, military 

action where possible – including identifying, monitoring, and targeting key issues, economic and financial trends, and national 

security threats in order to avoid key disruptions to economic or national security. 

Treasury also works with industry and government partners to foster the resilience of the financial sector’s critical infrastructure. 

As the Sector Specific Agency for Financial Services, defined under Presidential Policy Directive 21, “Critical Infrastructure Security 

and Resilience,” Treasury participates in 

interagency and cross sector initiatives and 

plays a key coordinating role in managing 

responses to disruptive events. While 

Treasury’s sector-specific responsibilities 

include all hazards, whether natural or 

manmade, in recent years, the Department has 

increasingly focused on promoting 

improvements in cybersecurity across the 

financial sector. 

After consulting with OMB on performance in 

this area, Treasury determined that Objective 

4.2, “Develop, implement, and enforce sanctions 

and other targeted financial measures,” made

“noteworthy progress” due to precedent-setting 

work being done with targeted financial 

measures other than sanctions and to TFI’s

response to rapidly increasing demands for the 

use of these tools. See “Table 4: Summary of Goal Four Performance” for key highlights of progress and challenges.

WHAT’S NEXT? 

Treasury will focus on keeping pace with the rapid evolution of the financial industry and the threat landscape, including the 

proliferation of virtual currencies. Specifically, Treasury plans to pursue the following actions to sustain or improve progress: 

• Continue support of the administration’s national security and foreign policy goals through the development and 

implementation of both traditional and non-traditional sanctions regimes

• Continue rule-making for long-term anti-money laundering and counter terrorist financing priorities

• Gain congressional support for Treasury’s cybersecurity budget proposal to strengthen Treasury run systems

• Continue ongoing information sharing, incident management, and resilience activities with public and private sector partners 

on critical infrastructure and cybersecurity issues

Treasury, through the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence 

(TFI), is responsible for safeguarding the financial system from 

abuse by illicit actors. FinCEN, a bureau reporting to the 

undersecretary of TFI, has an area of responsibility that constitutes 

tens of thousands of financial institutions in the United States and 

abroad. It is essential to take a risk-based, intelligence-driven 

approach to enforcement. Consequently, one of Treasury’s FY 

2014-2015 Agency Priority Goals (APG) is to employ a proactive, 

intelligence-driven approach to focus enforcement efforts against 

high priority threats. 

Since the inception of this APG, FinCEN, among other achievements, 

developed a number of new advanced analytics algorithms, 

implemented a series of business rules to assist in the identification 

of financial activity related to terror finance and child-related 

crimes, and, as a result of improved processes and prioritizing 

strategies, FinCEN provided 370 intelligence products related to 

national security priorities in FY 2014.

See www.performance.gov for additional information on this APG. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

15

TABLE 4: SUMMARY OF GOAL FOUR PERFORMANCE 

Strategic 

Objective Key Areas of Progress (♦) and Challenges (≈)

4.1 Identify 

priority threats to 

the financial 

system using 

intelligence 

analysis and 

outreach to the 

financial sector

♦ Treasury intelligence resources pivoted swiftly to support the U.S. response to the Islamic State of 

Islam and Levant (ISIL) and the Ukraine crisis while remaining focused on sustained priorities

♦ Hosted a sanctions outreach and educational symposium that drew approximately 500 attendees

≈ Sharing and properly using intelligence within the community, and with foreign partners and the 

financial sector, is an ongoing challenge due to differences in process and increasing workload

≈ The virtual currency world is rapidly changing, requiring Treasury to respond and adapt quickly

4.2 Develop, 

implement, and 

enforce sanctions 

and other targeted 

financial measures

♦

Treasury actively managed financial sanctions programs and tools, including by taking individuals 

and entities off lists due to changed behavior and adding key individuals and entities to help achieve 

specific missions and broader national security goals 

♦ Forfeiture funds significantly contributed to law enforcement agencies, including in high priority 

third party money laundering cases by the Department of Homeland Security, the IRS, and FinCEN

♦ As the U.S. Government worked with P5+1partners to address Iran’s nuclear program, Treasury has 

provided targeted, reversible sanctions relief, while vigorously enforcing existing sanctions

♦ Treasury developed new sanctions instruments (including the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications and 

Foreign Sanctions Evaders lists) to meet increasingly nuanced requirements for targeted sanctions

♦ Treasury issued a great deal of new guidance to aid in complying with complex Ukraine sanctions

≈ The use of sanctions and other targeted financial measures has expanded greatly in the last two 

fiscal years, which has strained available resources

4.3 Improve the 

cybersecurity of 

our nation’s 

financial sector

♦ OCC created a new Senior Infrastructure Officer position who will focus on cybersecurity policy for 

the federal banking system

♦ Treasury stood up and expanded the Cyber Intelligence Group to improve the distribution of timely 

actionable information to the private sector and bolster communication channels and relationships

≈ Enhancing collaboration with law enforcement and intelligence community partners in developing 

and disseminating threat and vulnerability trend analyses targeted for financial sector recipients

≈

Coordinating efforts with the private sector and governmental entities to improve awareness and 

utility of tools and practices, such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, for enhancing the level of 

cybersecurity resilience in support of financial stability across the financial sector, including 

dissemination of information suited to smaller local entities and the service providers upon which 

they depend

4.4 Protect the 

integrity of the 

financial system by 

implementing, 

promoting, and 

enforcing antimoney laundering 

and 

counterterrorism 

financing 

standards

♦

Treasury enhanced bilateral efforts to combat money laundering and financing of terrorism, 

including by completing the first ever Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. and Mexico 

to share supervisory information on money laundering and terrorism financing

♦

Treasury and FinCEN issued a proposed rule to enhance financial transparency, by strengthening

customer due diligence obligations of financial institutions to help prevent the use of anonymous 

companies to engage in or launder the proceeds of illegal activity in the U.S. financial sector

♦ Treasury secured civil penalty assessments working with federal partners against certain institutions 

(HSBC, JP Morgan, etc.) on Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and money laundering violations

♦

FinCEN promulgated rules and improved information sharing efforts to help clarify and strengthen 

standards, including completing the four-year BSA IT modernization investment, which earned the 

Government Computer News Award and was completed on time and within budget

♦ OCC incorporated BSA and anti-money laundering standards into how they evaluate national banks 

and federal savings associations

♦ FinCEN issued a Geographic Targeting Order (GTO) requiring enhanced reporting by common 

currency carriers crossing parts of the Southwest Border, which will help law enforcement efforts

≈ The rapid evolution of the industry (including the proliferation of virtual currencies) will challenge 

Treasury’s ability to stay ahead of the change and respond appropriately

KEY: ♦ indicates an area of progress; ≈ indicates an area of challenge
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

16

GOAL 5: CREATE A 21ST-CENTURY APPROACH TO GOVERNMENT BY IMPROVING 

EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND CUSTOMER INTERACTION

Treasury’s future success, both immediate and long term, depends on sustaining and developing the resources required to achieve 

the Department’s mission. These critical resources include finances, physical assets, technology, and, most importantly, people. In 

the FY 2014-2017 strategic plan, Treasury committed to capitalizing on 21st century advances in knowledge, methods, and 

technology to manage resources as effectively and efficiently as possible, creating the best value for all constituents. 

During FY 2014, Treasury made progress toward all of its management-focused strategic objectives. As indicated in “Table 5: 

Summary of Goal Five Performance,” Treasury established a new workforce planning effort, a Data Steward Group to improve data

quality, and designated Federal Financial Management Shared Service Providers, which will help improve the government’s 

efficiency. Additionally, pursuant to OMB 

guidance to reduce real property costs, Treasury 

has made progress in implementing a three-year 

real estate plan for FY 2013 - FY 2015 that 

identifies tangible actions to freeze or reduce 

Treasury’s space footprint, including the 

following strategies:

• Better use of real property by undertaking 

space alignment efforts including 

optimization or consolidation of existing 

space;

• Increase telework, hoteling, and work space 

sharing; and

• Maximize utilization through improved 

work station standards. 

WHAT’S NEXT? 

While Treasury continues to make strides in creating a 21st century approach to government, challenges remain in standardizing 

data definitions and ensuring high-quality data as well as in sustaining resources focused on building a culture of performance 

improvement and service. These initiatives take time and Treasury remains committed to fostering an environment where leaders 

and employees feel encouraged to focus on these important principles of good government. Specifically, Treasury plans to pursue 

the following actions to sustain or improve progress in FY 2015:

• Finalize plans for a Treasury Senior Executive Service Candidate Development Program

• Adapt Treasury’s QPR process to meet new leadership needs and integrate the SOAR process

• Identify procurement areas in which success is likely to generate large savings on a Department-wide scale

FY 2012 

Baseline Sq. 

Ft.

FY 2014 Est’d

Sq. Ft. 

Change 

from FY 

2012

29,992,024 28,296,288 -1,695,736

Treasury’s second APG, increasing self-service options for taxpayers, 

aims to increase taxpayer satisfaction by delivering high-quality, 

timely, innovative, and consistent customer service to better 

address taxpayer needs, reduce burden, and encourage voluntary 

compliance. Using analytics and a user-centric approach, the IRS 

will develop online options as part of its multi-channel service 

model. 

Since the beginning of FY 2014, the IRS has launched several online 

interactive tools, including the following: 

• IRS Direct Pay: Provides a low-friction electronic payment 

option to enable taxpayers to make payments from their bank 

account without any fees in a single session. 

• e-Authentication, Release 2: Provides taxpayers a userfriendly way to securely access and use IRS online tools and 

applications.

• IRS2Go Mobile Application, Release 4: Enables taxpayer selfservice access to IRS information and services anywhere, 

anytime, and on any device. 

See www.performance.gov for additional information on this APG.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

17

TABLE 5: SUMMARY OF GOAL FIVE PERFORMANCE 

Strategic 

Objective Key Areas of Progress (♦) and Challenges (≈)

5.1 Increase 

workforce 

engagement, 

performance, and 

diversity by 

instilling 

excellence, 

innovation, and 

inclusion in 

Treasury’s 

organizational 

culture and 

business practices

♦ Treasury implemented an annual Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) analysis, planning, 

and execution cycle to use the data to improve workforce engagement

♦ Treasury established a new workforce planning effort, adopting a model to allow bureaus to 

analyze future workforce requirements and align them to projected mission needs

♦

A Diversity and Inclusion Executive Steering Committee was developed and a Diversity Plan 

established, with active participation by bureaus on the committee and in developing specific 

implementation plans

♦ Treasury exceeded the Small Business Administration’s small business contracting goals for four

consecutive years (FY 2011-2014)

≈ Treasury has a large number of retirement-eligible employees in key leadership positions, which 

increases the importance of hiring, training, and retaining emerging leaders

5.2 Support 

effective datadriven decisionmaking and 

encourage 

transparency 

through intelligent 

gathering, analysis, 

sharing, use, and 

dissemination of 

information

♦ Treasury established a Data Steward Group to validate and document the rules that drive data 

quality and delivery

♦ Treasury published machine-readable public data listings that developers can leverage to find and 

use datasets and create new services for the American public

♦ Treasury improved the speed of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request processing and closed 

ten of its oldest FOIA requests in FY 2014

♦

Treasury put into place crisis response protocols based on rapidly notifying, collecting, 

synthesizing, and sharing critical information necessary for senior leadership decision-making 

during emergencies

≈

Common definitions and data standards are difficult to establish and monitor; information quality 

and consistency are difficult to improve across organizational boundaries and within disparate 

systems within an organization

5.3 Promote 

efficient use of 

resources through 

shared services, 

strategic sourcing, 

streamlined 

business processes, 

and accountability

♦ Treasury worked with OMB to successfully designate four Federal Financial Management Shared 

Service Providers, which will help promote the use of shared services government-wide

♦ Treasury’s use of GSA’s strategic sourcing vehicle for domestic delivery services contracts resulted 

in a discount savings of 27.9 percent over other contracts ($6.3 million)

≈ Data sharing and consistent data analysis is challenging due to multiple contract management 

systems

≈ Sustaining the resources to build a performance improvement culture is challenging in an 

environment of increasing reporting requirements and mission needs

5.4 Create a culture 

of service through 

the relentless 

pursuit of customer 

value

♦

Several bureaus and offices, including FinCEN, Fiscal Service, Mint, Management, IRS, and TFI, 

have implemented and are using customer satisfaction surveys to improve program performance 

and determine priorities

♦ The IRS and Management have provided internal training and raised employee awareness of 

customer service best practices

♦

Leadership in the pursuit of customer value increased in several places, including TTB’s proactive 

efforts to improve online guidance and electronic filing options and Economic Policy’s efforts to 

develop popular forecasting models to share with federal partners

≈ Providing the quality of service expected by customers is challenging in an environment with 

constrained resources and increasing demand for services

≈ Late enactment of tax legislation results in a very limited time to prepare adequately for filing 

season, which impacts the level of service that can be provided

KEY: ♦ indicates an area of progress; ≈ indicates an area of challenge
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

18

PERFORMANCE TREND HIGHLIGHTS

This table contains trend information for some of the measures used in the assessment of Treasury’s overall progress toward its 

strategic goals, followed by contextual information for each measure highlighted. A full discussion of trends for all of Treasury’s

measures is included in the APR. 

Strat. 

Goal Measure (Bureau/Office4) FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14 Result

FY 14

Target

Result vs 

Target

Goal 1: Domestic 

growth/stability

Number of affordable housing units created by 

CDFI awardees (Domestic Finance – CDFI Fund) 19,083 27,433 26,391 32,621 26,500 Exceeded

Manufacturing costs for currency – dollar costs 

per thousand notes produced (BEP) 34.6 43.3 50.5 42.0 55.0 Exceeded

Seigniorage per dollar issued (Mint) .45 .21 .24 .37 .24 Exceeded

Percent of permit applications processed within 

service standards (TTB) N/A 61 50 58 60 Not Met

Goal 2: 

International 

growth/stabilityTimely review of CFIUS cases (%) (International 

Affairs) N/A N/A 100 100 100 Met

Impact of Technical Assistance Programs - 

Changes that result from project engagement - 5 

point scale(International Affairs)

3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 Not Met

Traction of Technical Assistance Programs – 

scope and intensity of engagement - 5 point scale 

(International Affairs)

3.7 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 Exceeded

Goal 3: Modernize 

federal financial 

management

Percentage of Treasury payments and associated 

information made electronically (Fiscal Service)

84.3 88.0 92.5 94.4 95.0 Not Met

Percentage of total dollar amount of U.S. 

government receipts collected electronically 

(Fiscal Service)

96.0 97.0 97.0 98.0 97.0 Exceeded

Percentage of individual returns processed 

electronically (IRS) 76.9 80.5 82.5 84.1 84.1 Met

Taxpayer Self-Assistance Rate (IRS) 70.1 78.5 83.3 84.7 85.0 Not Met

Goal 4: 

Safeguard fin. 

system

Percentage of users finding that the financial 

intelligence collected by FinCEN pursuant its 

regulations provides valuable information to 

safeguard the financial system, combat money 

laundering, and counter terrorist financing 

(FinCEN)

89 90 80 81 84 Not Met

Impact of TFI programs and activities – 10 point 

scale (TFI)

7.6 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.5 Met

Goal 5: 

Management

FEVS Results-Oriented Culture Index – 1 to 100

(Management) 

59 57 55 55 59 Not Met

Treasury-wide Footprint in Thousands of Sq. Ft. 

(Management) 

37,596 37,998 37,320 28,296 35,514 Exceeded

Customer Service Representative Level of Service

(%) (IRS)

70.1 67.6 60.5 64.4 61.0 Exceeded

 

4 Bureau/Office identifies the organization within Treasury that monitors and reports the measure.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

19

MEASURE CONTEXT

Strat. 

Goal Explanation of Results Goal 1: Domestic growth/stability

Number of affordable housing units created by CDFI awardees (Domestic Finance – CDFI Fund)

This metric tracks the number of affordable housing units (including new construction and rehabilitation) created by 

CDFIs and Community Development Entities receiving financial assistance awards or tax credit allocations through the 

CDFI Program, New Markets Tax Credit Program, and Capital Magnet Fund. Results exceeded the FY 2014 target due to 

larger than expected increases in housing investment under the CDFI Program, New Markets Tax Credit Program, and 

Capital Magnet Fund. 

Manufacturing costs for currency – dollar costs per thousand notes produced (BEP)

The actual manufacturing cost for currency, which includes direct labor costs, the cost of raw materials used, and related 

manufacturing overhead charges, was well below the target level in FY 2014. Factors contributing to this favorable cost 

performance include better than planned currency ink mileage (more notes printed per pound of ink than planned), a 

reduced order for redesigned $100 notes, and improved workload balance between the two BEP production facilities to 

meet changes in Federal Reserve order requirements during the year.

Seigniorage per dollar issued (Mint)

The difference between the face value and the cost of minting and issuing circulating coins. Seigniorage per dollar issued 

is the seigniorage generated from each dollar of circulating coinage face-value shipped to Federal Reserve Banks. FY 

2014 performance exceeded the budget target and the prior year’s performance mainly due to lower than expected metal 

costs and a 59 percent increase in quarter-dollar shipments.

Percent of permit applications processed within service standards (TTB)

In FY 2014, TTB met its 75-day service standard for new permit applications 58 percent of the time, falling short of its 

annual target of 60 percent. This positive performance trend compared to FY 2013 is largely attributable to the adjusted 

service standard in FY 2014, which increased from 65 days to 75 days, as the workload challenges and resource 

constraints that began under sequestration remain. Industry growth in recent years has resulted in delays in processing 

times, which TTB will address through a combination of industry outreach to promote electronic filing, streamlining 

internal procedures, and system enhancements. 

Goal 2: International 

growth/stability

Timely review of CFIUS cases (%) (International Affairs)

By statute and regulation, CFIUS must complete its consideration of a covered transaction within 75 days of acceptance 

of a notice regarding the transaction, except for transactions that the parties have voluntarily withdrawn. The 100 

percent result for FY 2014 reflects that CFIUS timely reviewed notified transactions for national security concerns and 

concluded action on all covered transactions after determining there were no unresolved national security concerns.

Impact and Traction of Technical Assistance Programs (International Affairs)

For traction, the primary factor that contributed was a relatively high degree of commitment from counterparts to 

Treasury technical assistance. The average score for impact is lower than traction because the outcomes of technical 

assistance engagements rely on a range of factors not within OTA’s control, including the policy environment and the 

commitment of in-country actors to reform. It should be noted that there is an inherent difficulty in assigning an 

aggregate numerical value to a program that consists of many individual projects – these two figures are the average of 

more than 150 individual project ratings – implemented over multiple countries with different policy and political 

environments.

Goal 3: Modernize 

federal financial 

management

Percentage of Treasury payments and associated information made electronically AND Percentage of total dollar 

amount of U.S. government receipts collected electronically (Fiscal Service)

Fiscal Service has been promoting the Paperless Treasury initiative for several years in an effort to disburse payments, as 

well as receive and settle collections, through electronic means. As a result of these efforts, nearly 98 percent of benefit

payments are now disbursed through electronic funds transfer (EFT) and new enrollees are required to receive their 

benefit payments via EFT. Furthermore, paper Federal Tax Deposit Coupons have been eliminated, requiring businesses 

to submit their quarterly tax payments electronically. Fiscal Service continues to research additional options for 

stakeholders to conduct transactions electronically. This ranges from, but is not limited to, allowing taxpayers to pay 

electronically for items such as National Park Service entrance fees to working with the Internal Revenue Service to 

increase the voluntary use of electronic tax submissions, refunds, and payments. The latter is the largest payment 

stream being disbursed by check, thus it resulted in Fiscal Service missing the FY 2014 target by less than 1 percent.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

20

Strat. 

Goal Explanation of Results

Percentage of individual returns processed electronically (IRS)

The number of electronically filed individual tax returns divided by the total individual returns filed. The IRS met its 

projected target for Individual returns processed electronically, which increased by 2 percent over FY 2013. The IRS will 

continue to process individual returns as efficiently as possible to meet future plans. 

Taxpayer Self-Assistance Rate (IRS)

The percentage of taxpayer assistance requests resolved using self-assisted automated services. The shortfall is 

attributed to a large decrease in Web Services completed. The decrease in Web Services is primarily due to a decrease in 

"Where's My Refund" which was 86 percent below plan, or 31.9 million below the planned volume. The smaller number 

of taxpayer accesses of the application is attributed to a concerted effort to inform taxpayers that “Where’s My Refund” 

should only be checked once a day. Previously, the IRS realized about a 10 percent increase each year as taxpayers 

became acquainted with this service; some were using it several times per day. Future projections will take into account 

this year’s experience.

Goal 4: Safeguard fin. system

Percentage of users finding that the financial intelligence collected by FinCEN pursuant its regulations provides 

valuable information to safeguard the financial system, combat money laundering, and counter terrorist financing 

(FinCEN)

Survey data that looks at the value of FinCEN data, such as whether the data provided unknown information, 

supplemented or expanded known information, verified information, helped identify new leads, opened a new 

investigation or examination, supported an existing investigation or examination, or provided information for an 

investigative or examination report. In FY 2014, 81 percent of users found the financial intelligence useful. FinCEN did 

not meet the target of 84 percent. To meet future targets, a greater emphasis on both in-person and on-line training that 

will better assist users in understanding and utilizing the FinCEN Query tool for their unique cases and situations. 

Additionally, FinCEN will try to identify and address any agency specific issues that might have contributed to lower 

scores.

Impact of TFI programs and activities (TFI)

The impact of TFI’s programs and activities increased in FY2014, measured on a ten-point scale. This increase is mostly 

due to TFI’s support in the U.S. government’s response to the Islamic State of Islam and Levant (ISIL) and the 

Russia/Ukraine crisis, involvement in providing temporary and targeted sanctions relief as part of the negotiations with 

Iran, as well as increased bilateral engagements with Mexico focused on information sharing on terrorist financing and 

money laundering. Streamlining of financial sanctions programs and tools and development of new sanctions 

instruments has also contributed to TFI’s growing impact.

Goal 5: Management

FEVS Results-Oriented Culture Index (ASM)

Denotes the extent to which employees believe their organizational culture promotes improvement in processes, 

products and services, and organizational outcomes. In FY 2014, government-wide results declined. While Treasury did 

not meet its FY 2014 target of 59 percent, the results did not decrease from FY 2013.

Treasury-wide Footprint in Thousands of Sq. Ft. (ASM)

Measures the total square footage occupied by Treasury’s owned and leased buildings. In FY 2014, Treasury exceeded its 

target to reduce total square footage due to planned building consolidations.

Customer Service Representative Level of Service (%) (IRS)

The number of toll free callers that either speak to a Customer Service Representative or receive information messages 

divided by the total number of attempted calls. In FY 2014, level of service reached 64.4 percent, which was 5.6 percent

above the planned target of 61.0 percent. Additional funding and much lower than projected telephone demand (87 

percent to plan) enabled IRS to deliver a higher level of service to customers than originally planned. The IRS will 

continue to allocate telephone staffing as efficiently as possible in order to meet all future plans.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

21

MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES HIGHLIGHTS

Annually, in accordance with the Reports Consolidation Act of 2000, OIG and TIGTA identify the most significant management 

and performance challenges facing the Department. These challenges do not necessarily indicate deficiencies in performance; 

rather, some represent inherent risks that require continuous monitoring. Treasury made progress on these issues in fiscal year 

2014, and will continue to focus on resolving them during fiscal year 2015 and beyond. However, during fiscal year 2015, the OIG 

elevated “Cybersecurity” from a “Matter of Concern” to a “Management Challenge” as “Cyber Threats” and added “Efforts to 

Promote Spending Transparency and to Prevent and Detect Improper Payments,” as a new challenge. Refer to Section C of Part 

3, Other Information, for a detailed discussion of these challenges, listed below.

Note: SIGTARP does not provide the Secretary with an annual report on management and performance challenges. SIGTARP, as a 

special inspector general provides oversight of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, a program that spans several federal agencies, 

while the OIG and TIGTA provide oversight of the Department and IRS, respectively, and report on its management and 

performance challenges.

TREASURY-WIDE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES – AS IDENTIFIED BY OIG 

• Cyber Threats

• Continued Implementation of Dodd-Frank

• Management of Treasury’s Authorities Intended to Support and Improve the Economy

• Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing/Bank Secrecy Act Enforcement

• Efforts to Promote Spending Transparency and to Prevent and Detect Improper Payments

• Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund Administration

IRS MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES – AS IDENTIFIED BY TIGTA 

• Security for Taxpayer Data and IRS Employees 

• Implementing the Affordable Care Act and Other Tax Law Changes 

• Tax Compliance Initiatives 

• Fraudulent Claims and Improper Payments

• Achieving Program Efficiencies and Cost Savings

• Modernization

• Providing Quality Taxpayer Service Operations 

• Globalization

• Taxpayer Protection and Rights

• Human Capital
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

22

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS – FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

The financial highlights below are an analysis of the information included in the Department’s consolidated financial statements 

that appear within the “Annual Financial Report” section of this report. The Department’s principal financial statements have been 

prepared to report the agency’s financial position and results of operations, pursuant to the requirements of 31 USC 3515(b). These 

consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Department in accordance with generally 

accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for federal entities and the formats prescribed by OMB. The consolidated financial 

statements are in addition to the financial reports used to monitor and control budgetary resources, which are prepared from the 

same books and records. The financial statements should be read with the realization that they are for a component of the U.S. 

government, a sovereign entity.

The chart below presents changes in key financial statement line items as of and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014

compared to September 30, 2013. 

Summary Financial Information (dollars in billions)

2014 2013 $ Change % Change

Total Assets $ 19,977.0 $ 19,040.6 $ 936.4 4.9%

Total Liabilities $ 19,555.6 $ 18,599.5 $ 956.1 5.1%

Total Net Position $ 421.4 $ 441.1 $ (19.7) (4.5)%

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From) Treasury Operations $ 23.9 $ 3.3 $ 20.6 624.2%

Net Federal Debt Interest Costs $ 394.8 $ 390.0 $ 4.8 1.2%

GSEs Non-Entity Costs (Revenue) $ (28.1) $ (126.6) $ 98.5 (77.8)%

Total Budgetary Resources $ 841.8 $ 857.8 $ (16.0) (1.9)%

Agency Outlays, Net $ 337.7 $ 286.9 $ 50.8 17.7%

Net Revenue Received (Custodial) $ 2,816.2 $ 2,591.6 $ 224.6 8.7%

Financial Overview. The Department’s financial performance as of and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014, reflects 

several major trends. Most significantly, the outstanding federal debt, including interest, rose by $1.1 trillion to finance the U.S. 

government’s operations. Of this increase, $248.6 billion stemmed from the restoration of the accumulated principal balance of 

Treasury debt securities, including interest, that was either suspended or redeemed early during fiscal year 2013 as a result of 

extraordinary debt management measures undertaken by the Department during the period between May 20, 2013 and October 16, 

2013 in which Congress delayed raising the statutory debt limit. The $248.6 billion was reported as a liability as of September 30, 

2013, reflecting the Department’s obligation by statute as of September 30, 2013 to restore Treasury debt securities, including 

interest, to three funds—the Government Securities Investment Fund of the Federal Employees’ Retirement System Thrift Savings 

Plan (TSP), Civil Service Retirement and Disability Trust Fund (Civil Service Fund), and the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits 

Fund (Postal Benefits Fund). 

Additionally, the Department’s “Net Cost from Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs” for fiscal year 2014 were impacted by a 

$98.5 billion reduction in non-entity revenue from the Department’s investments held in two Government-Sponsored Enterprises 

(GSEs)—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—pursuant to the Department’s Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (SPSPAs), as 

amended. The reduction in this revenue is primarily attributable to a fair value loss associated with these investments in fiscal year 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

23

2014 compared to a fair value gain reported in the prior fiscal year, coupled with lower senior preferred stock cash dividends 

received from the GSEs in 2014 compared to 2013. 

The Department’s 2014 financial performance also reflects the ongoing wind-down of the TARP credit programs, principally 

through sales of securities and principal repayments of loans made under these programs. TARP’s wind-down activity in fiscal year 

2014 included, among other things, sales of equity investments in the Automotive Industry Financing Program and Capital 

Purchase Program. The continued wind-down of the TARP programs drove reductions in the subsidy costs associated with the 

remaining investments in these programs during fiscal year 2014 due to improved market conditions as reflected in the end-of-year 

reestimates. Subsidy costs recorded in connection with each credit program represent the difference between the projected costs of 

the program and the future cash flows anticipated to be generated by the program. Reestimates may occur due to changes in a 

program’s estimated future cash flows caused by changes in market conditions and actual program performance, thereby resulting 

in an upward or downward reestimate in the credit program receivable to reflect an increase or decrease, respectively, in the 

estimated total cost of the program.

Figure 1

Total Assets of $20.0 trillion at September 30, 2014 consist of a receivable due from the General Fund of the U.S. government of 

$17.9 trillion, intra-governmental loans and interest receivable of $1.2 trillion, and fund balance and various other assets which 

totaled $805.5 billion (Figure 2). 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

24

Figure 2

The $936.4 billion (or 4.9 percent) increase in total assets at the end of fiscal year 2014 over the prior year is primarily due to an 

increase in the “Due from the General Fund of the U.S. Government” account which corresponds to a $1.1 trillion increase in federal 

debt and related interest payable, partially offset by a $248.6 billion decrease in a liability established in 2013 for the restoration of 

federal debt principal and interest in connection with the delay in raising of the statutory debt limit. The net addition to Treasury 

liabilities at September 30, 2014 caused a corresponding rise in the “Due from the General Fund of the U.S. Government” asset

account which represents future funds required from the General Fund of the U.S. Government to pay borrowings from the public

and other federal agencies. 

Intra-governmental loans and interest receivable represent loans issued primarily by the Fiscal Service to other federal agencies for 

their own use or for the agencies to loan to private sector borrowers whose loans are guaranteed by the federal agencies. This 

receivable grew by $128.0 billion (or 11.7 percent) to $1.2 trillion at the end of fiscal year 2014 due to increased borrowings by 

various federal agencies – such as the Departments of Education, Agriculture, and Housing and Urban Development – to fund their 

existing programs. 

Other assets include, among other things, operating cash balances (held on behalf of the U.S. government), foreign currency 

investments and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), as well as investments in, and credit program receivables due from, certain 

financial institutions for which the Department provides financial assistance in an effort to stabilize financial markets. Other assets 

decreased by $18.2 billion primarily due to a reduction in investments, primarily reflecting the decline in fair value of the 

Department’s GSE investments held pursuant to the SPSPAs, as amended, coupled with the ongoing wind-down of the TARP

programs through sales of securities or principal repayments of loans made under these programs. Partially offsetting these 

declines was an increase in the U.S. government’s operating cash balances. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

25

Figure 3

Total Liabilities of $19.6 trillion at September 30, 2014 principally consist of the federal debt held by the public (Figure 3), 

including interest, of $12.8 trillion, which were mainly issued as Treasury Notes and Bills. Liabilities also include intragovernmental liabilities totaling $6.7 trillion (of which $5.1 trillion represent principal and interest of federal debt in the form of 

Treasury securities held by federal agencies), and various other liabilities totaling $87.3 billion. The $956.1 billion (or 5.1 percent) 

increase in total liabilities at the end of fiscal year 2014 over the prior year is attributable to a $1.1 trillion increase in federal debt, 

including interest, held by the public and federal agencies that was needed to finance the U.S. government’s budget deficits. This 

was partially offset by the 2014 reduction in full of a $248.6 billion liability that was established at the end of fiscal year 2013 for the 

restoration of federal debt principal and interest owed to the TSP, Civil Service Fund and Postal Benefits Fund in connection with 

extraordinary measures taken by the Department in 2013 to avoid exceeding the statutory debt limit. These extraordinary 

measures ended on October 16, 2013 when Congress enacted legislation which temporarily suspended the debt limit, and the 

Department fully repaid its obligation to the three funds by restoring them with accumulated uninvested Treasury debt principal 

and interest through October 16, 2013 totaling $296.2 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. 

The increase in total liabilities is also attributable to a $122.5 billion increase in the “Due to the General Fund of the U.S. 

Government” account, primarily as a result of an increase in intra-governmental loans and interest receivable. The Department, 

through the Fiscal Service, accounts for and reports on the principal borrowings from and repayments to the General Fund, as well 

as the related interest due to the General Fund.

Total Net Position of $421.4 billion at September 30, 2014 represents the combined total of the Department’s cumulative results 

of operations and unexpended appropriations at the end of the fiscal year. The $19.7 billion (4.5 percent) decrease in the net 

position at the end of fiscal year 2014 was principally attributable to a $12.7 billion reduction in unexpended appropriations 

primarily driven by the cancellation of expired funds associated with the TARP programs. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

26

FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY2014

Net Cost of Treasury

Operations $312.2 $4.2 ($275.2) $3.3 $23.9

Net Non-Entity Costs $346.7 $400.0 $420.4 $280.3 $380.1

Total Net Cost $658.9 $404.2 $145.2 $283.6 $404.0

($500)

($300)

($100)

$100

$300

$500

$700

($500)

($300)

($100)

$100

$300

$500

$700

Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Net Non-Entity Costs 

(in billions) 

Figure 4

Total Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Cost, as presented on the Department’s Consolidated Statements of 

Net Cost, consists of the Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Net Non-Entity Costs (Figure 4). Net Cost of Treasury Operations 

represents the gross costs, net of earned revenues, incurred by the Department related to its own entity activities comprising both 

its operating bureaus and DO that are consolidated with the Department. Net Non-Entity Costs represent the gross costs, net of 

earned revenues, incurred by the Department on behalf of the U.S. government (or General Fund), and primarily include federal 

debt interest costs, net of GSE non-entity revenues. Total Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Cost totaled $404.0

billion and $283.6 billion for fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively, an increase of $120.4 billion (or 42.4 percent) over the prior 

year. Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Net Non-Entity Costs contributed $20.6 billion and $99.7 billion, respectively, to the 

year-over-year increase in net costs.

Figure 5

($10)

($8)

($6)

($4)

($2)

$0

$2

$4

$6

$8

$10

$12

$14

Financial Economic Security

$12.0 

$11.3 

$0.4 

$11.8 

($8.2)

$0.4 

Net Cost of (Revenue From) Operations 

by Strategic Program (in billions)

FY14 FY13
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

27

Net Cost of Treasury Operations is presented on the Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost by strategic program. 

There are three main categories of strategic programs presented—financial, economic, and security—as well as a management 

strategic program which is combined with the financial program due to the immateriality of the management program (Figure 

5). The Department’s Net Cost of Treasury Operations totaled $23.9 billion for 2014 compared to $3.3 billion for 2013. The $20.6

billion increased cost of operations was driven primarily by increased net costs associated with the Department’s economic 

programs. 

Economic programs incurred net costs of $11.3 billion in fiscal year 2014 compared to net revenues of $8.2 billion in 2013. The 

year-to-year change is attributable to an $8.8 billion reduction in revenue in 2014 related to TARP’s Automotive Industry Financing 

Program, due to improved market conditions captured in end-of-year reestimates. Additionally, 2013 included a $9.0 billion 

reduction in expense in the Department’s estimated future liability to the GSE’s as a result of a new dividend payment requirement 

under the amended SPSPAs that commenced in 2013 coupled with GSEs’ long-term financial forecasts within a specific time 

horizon.

Net Federal Debt Interest Costs primarily reflect interest expense on the federal debt. Federal interest costs increased by $4.8 

billion (or 1.2 percent) in fiscal year 2014 primarily reflecting the rise in the overall outstanding principal balance of the federal 

debt, and partially offset by a decline in the average interest rate of Treasury debt securities. 

GSE Non-Entity Revenue totaled $28.1 billion for 2014 compared to $126.6 billion for 2013. The $98.5 billion decline in this 

revenue in 2014 was primarily driven by a $23.2 billion decrease in senior preferred stock dividends received from the two GSEs 

combined, coupled with a $44.4 billion valuation loss on the GSE investments in 2014 compared to a $30.9 billion gain in 2013. 

The year-over-year valuation loss in these investments primarily stems from a decline in the fair value of the senior preferred stock 

held due to lower forecasted dividends as a result of lower forecasted GSE earnings to be derived from guarantee fees, coupled with 

one-time benefits recognized in the GSEs’ historical earnings that contributed to the higher fair value of these investments at the 

end of 2013 but which did not recur at the end of fiscal year 2014. 

Figure 6

Total Budgetary Resources of $841.8 billion were lower in fiscal year 2014 (Figure 6) by $16.0 billion (or 1.9 percent) primarily 

due to an $8.6 billion decrease in appropriations and net unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, and an $8.0 billion 

decrease in spending authority from offsetting collections. These decreases are attributable to the wind-down of the TARP 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

28

programs and budget reductions associated with other of the Department’s programs, partially offset by increased funding needed 

in fiscal year 2014 to pay interest on the federal debt. 

Agency Outlays, Net of $337.7 billion were higher in fiscal year 2014 (Figure 6) by $50.8 billion (or 17.7 percent) primarily due 

to fewer collections in fiscal year 2014 from the wind-down of the TARP programs, coupled with reduced receipts of senior 

preferred stock dividends pursuant to the GSEs’ SPSPA program. 

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

$3,000

FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY2014

$1,976.4 $2,105.3 $2,256.2 

$2,591.6 

$2,816.2 

Net Revenue Received (Custodial)

(in billions) 

Figure 7

Net Revenue Received (Custodial), representing net revenue collected by Treasury on behalf of the U.S. government, includes 

various taxes, primarily income taxes, as well as user fees, fines and penalties, and other revenue. Over 90 percent of these 

revenues are related to income and social security taxes. Net revenue received was $2.8 trillion for fiscal year 2014, an increase of 

$224.6 billion (or 8.7 percent) over the prior fiscal year (Figure 7). This increase is attributable mainly to an overall improvement 

in individual and corporate income tax collections. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

29

MANAGEMENT ASSURANCES

The Secretary’s Assurance Statement

The Department of the Treasury’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control and 

financial management systems that meet the objectives of the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA). Treasury has 

evaluated its management controls, internal controls over financial reporting, and compliance with federal financial systems 

standards. As part of the evaluation process, Treasury considered results of extensive testing and assessment across the 

Department and independent audits.

Treasury provides assurance that the objectives of Section 2 of the FMFIA (Financial Reporting and Operations) have been 

achieved, except for the material weaknesses noted below. Treasury is in substantial conformance with Section 4 (Financial 

Management Systems) of the FMFIA. Also, in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A-123, 

Management’s Responsibility for Internal Control, Appendix A, Internal Control over Financial Reporting, Treasury provides 

qualified assurance that internal control over financial reporting was operating effectively based on the results of the assessment as 

of June 30, 2014. Treasury’s financial management systems are not in substantial compliance with the Federal Financial 

Management Improvement Act (FFMIA) due to the Internal Revenue Service’s (IRS’s) material weakness related to unpaid tax 

assessments.

As of September 30, 2014, Treasury had two FMFIA material weaknesses as follows (with origination/planned resolution 

timeframes indicated):

Operations: 

• Bureau of the Fiscal Service – Control Deficiencies in the Processes used to Prepare the Consolidated Government-wide 

Financial Statements (Fiscal Year 2001/2016)

Financial Reporting:

• IRS – Unpaid Tax Assessments (Fiscal Year 1995/2021)

Treasury management remains dedicated to the resolution of these remaining weaknesses. Overall, Treasury continues to work 

toward progress in reducing internal control weaknesses and in meeting federal financial management systems requirements.

Jacob J. Lew

Secretary of the Treasury

November 17, 2014
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

30

FMFIA

The management control objectives under FMFIA are to reasonably ensure that:

• Obligations and costs are in compliance with applicable law

• Funds, property, and other assets are safeguarded against waste, loss, unauthorized use, or misappropriation

• Revenues and expenditures applicable to agency operations are properly recorded and accounted for to permit the 

preparation of accounts and reliable financial and statistical reports and to maintain accountability over the assets

FMFIA requires agencies to evaluate and report on the effectiveness of controls over financial and operational reporting (FMFIA 

Section 2), and conformance with financial management systems requirements (FMFIA Section 4 and FFMIA) that protect the 

integrity of federal programs. Deficiencies that seriously affect an agency’s ability to meet these objectives are deemed “material 

weaknesses.”

Treasury includes resolution of material weaknesses as a performance requirement for every executive, manager, and supervisor. 

Additional information on Treasury’s material weaknesses and remediation progress can be found in Section F of Part 3, Other 

Information.

The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of the Treasury each have responsibilities for ensuring 

payment accuracy in the Marketplaces and related programs created under the Affordable Care Act. In fiscal year 2015, both 

Departments will begin to perform comprehensive risk assessments to determine areas that might affect payment accuracy. 

Performing comprehensive risk assessments is critical to establishing an effective program for achieving payment accuracy in 

future years. The status of these risk assessments will be reported in the fiscal year 2015 AFR. In the interim, both Departments 

have established internal controls to provide for effective program operations, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with 

laws and regulations.

OMB CIRCULAR NO. A-123, MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR INTERNAL CONTROL, APPENDIX A, INTERNAL 

CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Department continues to strengthen and improve the execution of the Treasury mission through the application of sound 

internal controls over financial reporting. In compliance with OMB Circular No. A-123, Appendix A, Treasury uses an extensive 

annual testing and assessment methodology that identifies and documents internal controls over financial reporting at the 

transaction level integrated with Government Accountability Office’s Standards for Internal Control In the Federal Government. 

Treasury’s bureaus and offices completed their testing and assessment of internal controls for material transactions as of June 30, 

2014. Treasury provides qualified assurance that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2014, due to 

the IRS’s unpaid tax assessments material weakness.

In conjunction with the Department’s A-123, Appendix A, Fiscal Year 2014 Guidance and Implementation Plan, bureaus and offices 

documented their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Based on these results, the Department is in compliance with 

applicable laws and regulations with the exception of the FFMIA and the Anti-Deficiency Act as addressed in the Auditor’s Report

included in Part 2 of this AFR. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

31

FFMIA AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 

FFMIA

FFMIA requires federal agencies to implement and maintain financial management systems that comply substantially with federal

financial management systems requirements, applicable federal accounting standards, and the United States Standard General 

Ledger at the transaction level. Section 803(c) (1) of the FFMIA requires the Department to make an annual determination of the 

agency’s substantial compliance with Section 803(a) of the Act based on a review of relevant factors. In determining whether the 

Department’s financial systems substantially comply with FFMIA, management considered available information from audit 

reports and other relevant and appropriate information. The Department’s determination leveraged the results of related reviews 

such as those required by FISMA and OMB Circular A-123. Key factors used in the determination included: improvements and 

ongoing efforts to strengthen financial management systems and the impact of instances of non-compliance on overall financial 

management system performance.

During fiscal year 2014, Treasury bureaus and offices used a risk-based approach to assess their financial management systems’ 

compliance with FFMIA, as prescribed in OMB Circular A-123, Appendix D. The bureaus and offices conducted self-assessments to 

determine their substantial risk level (low, medium, or high) and compliance. For areas in non-compliance, bureaus and offices 

are required to develop a remediation plan to bring systems into substantial compliance. 

All Treasury bureau and office financial management systems are in compliance with FFMIA, with the exception of IRS that did not 

comply with federal financial management systems requirements or applicable federal accounting standards. As required, the IRS 

has a remediation plan in place to correct the identified deficiencies. IRS management updates this plan quarterly and Treasury 

management reviews it. In addition, TIGTA audits IRS’s remediation progress annually.

To address the Unpaid Tax Assessments (UA) material weakness, the IRS implemented programming changes in the Custodial 

Detail Data Base and Redesign Revenue Accounting Control System. These changes improved the accuracy of the financial 

classification and reduce annual audit adjustments when there are unpaid tax assessments combined with a partial collection 

statute-expired assessment reported. In addition, the IRS continues to update the Automated Trust Fund Recovery system to 

increase the number of Trust Fund Recovery Penalty cases that can processed electronically and eliminate the opportunity for 

errors. The IRS will continue to capture and implement financial systems requirements, perform internal control testing, and 

validate data to ensure the accuracy of these accounts. 

During fiscal year 2014, the Customer Account Data Engine (CADE2) Transition State2 (TS2) initiative deployed two incremental 

Penalty & Interest (P&I) Common Code base releases to eliminate the differences in programming platforms that caused 

inconsistent balance due amounts issued on taxpayer notices. The application now calculates, with more consistency, the penalty 

and interest on individual and business accounts for taxes not received by the due date, resulting in more accurate notices and 

better service in helping taxpayers meet their tax obligations. Other actions that have been taken include:

• The IRS CADE2 team mapped financial requirements for ten business areas that will address the financial material 

weakness

• A controlled launch was conducted on CADE2 resulting in validation of new historical data that will be used for further 

analysis 

The IRS also developed a CADE2 TS2 Release Plan on September 30, 2014, that includes high-level milestones to leverage the 

CADE2 data and make changes to the IRS financial systems (Custodial Detail Data Base and Redesign Revenue Accounting Control 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

32

System) to improve the accuracy of the financial classifications and downgrade the UA material weakness related to individual

taxpayer accounts, including a new projected closure date of November 30, 2020.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK

The Department’s financial management systems framework consists of two fundamental components: (1) core financial and mixed 

systems maintained by the Treasury bureaus, and (2) the Department-wide Financial Analysis and Reporting System (FARS). The 

bureau systems process and record detailed financial transactions and submit summary-level data to FARS, which maintains the 

key financial data necessary for Treasury-wide consolidated financial reporting. This framework satisfies the bureaus’ diverse 

financial operational and reporting needs as well as the Department’s internal and external reporting requirements. The FARS 

framework provides essential support each year to Treasury’s efforts to obtain an unmodified audit opinion. 

The FARS includes the following component applications: 

• Treasury Information Executive Repository (TIER) – a financial data repository used to consolidate and validate bureau 

financial data 

• TIER Financial Statements (TFS) – a reporting application used to produce monthly and annual financial statements, 

notes, and other supporting reports (TFS was deployed in fiscal year 2014 to replace Treasury’s CFO Vision reporting tool)

• Joint Audit Management Enterprise System (JAMES) – an application that tracks information on open audits and audit 

report findings, recommendations, and planned corrective actions 

Bureaus submit summary-level financial data to TIER monthly. The TFS application uses the bureau data, which are validated by 

TIER, to produce financial statements and reports on both a Department-wide and bureau-level basis, including Treasury’s annual 

audited financial statements and monthly management reports. 

Fourteen Treasury bureaus and offices use centralized financial operations, budget execution services, or IT support provided by 

the Fiscal Service’s Administrative Resource Center (ARC). This shared service approach enables bureaus and offices to have access 

to core financial systems without having to maintain the necessary technical and systems architectures. ARC also provides 

administrative services in the areas of accounting, payroll, human resources, procurement, and travel to Treasury bureaus and 

offices and to other federal entities to support core business activities. (ARC transitioned all customers to a new travel management 

system selected by Treasury as its E-Gov Travel solution.) Using these services reduces the need for Treasury to maintain 

duplicative financial management systems; enhances the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of financial management processes; and 

provides a more efficient and cost-effective business model. In fiscal year 2014, ARC completed the upgrade to a second instance of 

the core financial management system to adopt the Common Government-wide Accounting Classification (CGAC) structure, to 

offer additional functionality to its customers, and meet compliance expectations. In fiscal year 2014, ARC was selected by OMB as 

one of four designated Financial Management Federal Shared Service Providers and is scheduled to finalize the implementation of 

its first cabinet level customer agency (Department of Housing and Urban Development) in fiscal year 2016. 

GOALS AND THE SUPPORTING FINANCIAL SYSTEM STRATEGIES

Treasury’s financial system goals and supporting strategies focus on improving and streamlining the current bureau financial 

management systems as well as the current FARS applications in order to support new financial requirements and continue to 

provide management with accurate and timely financial information. 

Throughout fiscal year 2014, Treasury updated TIER to meet new and evolving reporting requirements. These include updates to 

TIER to comply with the data standard reflected in Fiscal Service’s implemented Government-wide Treasury Account Symbol 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

33

Adjusted Trial Balance System (GTAS). The TIER Focus Group, which serves as a forum for bureau feedback on TIER 

enhancements and issues, continued to meet to improve communication with the bureaus and coordinate changes impacting 

financial management systems and financial operations. 

Along with the enhanced TIER application, the newly implemented applications TFS and Financial Statement Reporting (FSR) 

form a unified financial governance solution that focuses on improving financial processes and controls. Implementing these 

applications will help Treasury to reduce operating cost, re-engineer critical business processes to create efficiencies in execution 

and documentation of financial reporting, improve the timeliness and quality of financial management processes and reporting,

enhance internal controls, and improve visibility and audit trail in the entire reporting process.

In fiscal year 2015, Treasury will replace the current JAMES application with a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) governance, risk, 

and compliance (GRC) software product for managing audit follow-up and internal self-assessment activities. By automating 

certain operational functions, the new product will allow Treasury staff more time for analysis and oversight. The GRC product will 

improve the ability of management to document, track, and mitigate key risks across Treasury; facilitate collaboration with and 

across Treasury bureaus, third-party service providers, and oversight bodies; and enable users to manage issues centrally and 

leverage data over multiple years in the development of corrective action plans. 

Customer Account Data Engine (CADE2) Transition State 1 (TS1) daily processing continues to enhance IRS tax administration 

and improve service to taxpayers by enabling faster refunds for taxpayers, more timely account updates, and faster issuance of 

taxpayer notices. In addition, TS1 changed the IRS underlying infrastructure by allowing individual taxpayer account data to be 

stored in a state-of-the-art database, positioning the IRS to implement new applications to access and analyze all of a taxpayer’s 

data from one authoritative source, while enabling the IRS data-centric vision to better manage, track, store, and report on accurate 

account balances. 

In fiscal year 2014, concentrated focus was placed on optimizing database performance. CADE2 TS1.5 enhanced the CADE2 

relational database with sustainable system performance, data assurance maturity, and operational and organizational readiness 

for Filing Season 2014. As a result, the CADE2 relational database ran flawlessly in production. Filing season 2014 initialization 

(loading) of the database completed well ahead of plan with over 270 million taxpayer accounts, over 1.2 billion individual tax 

modules, and with financial balances of over $250 billion that were accurate and balanced to the penny with the legacy Individual 

Master File (IMF). The CADE2 database continued to update daily in pace with the IMF, meeting all service level agreements (data 

processed and available timely). More than 50,000 IRS users viewed important historical taxpayer data not previously available 

due to limitations in the 50-year-old legacy IMF. The CADE2 database provides data to support a variety of tax administration 

functions ranging from inventory analytics and selection, employee customer service support tools, and taxpayer self-services that 

automate capabilities such as ordering of transcripts, tracking payments, and making payment arrangements.

With an early delivery of the Penalty & Interest (P&I) common code base on January 2, 2014, CADE2 TS2 has already begun 

delivering benefits for taxpayers. After calculating penalty and interest multiple ways for many years, the penalty and interest 

application is now calculating penalty and interest on individual and business accounts, for taxes that are not received by the due 

date, consistently across all master files (Business Master Files and Individual Master Files) and the Integrated Data Retrieval 

System (IDRS). It also provides service improvements for taxpayers such as more accurate notices and enhanced service in helping 

taxpayers meet their tax obligations. CADE2 uses the existing master file common code modules as baselines and incorporates 

additional requirements for IDRS.

In fiscal year 2015, the IRS will make continued progress with in TS2 with the following planned activities:
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

34

• Begin work to address IRS’s Unpaid Assessments Financial Material Weakness for individual taxpayer accounts by 

improving accuracy in financial reporting

• Implement enhancements to Penalty & Interest common code for Filing Season 2015

• Design and develop a CADE2 database conversion capability for Filing Season 2016 that will capture and apply all IMF 

annual conversion changes to the CADE2 database while retaining CADE2 historical data

• Continue prototype work to validate engineering approach to rewriting the IRS core taxpayer account processing 

applications in modern programming languages and to define a modernized data distribution framework to enable other 

systems to use CADE2 data, and

• Continue to establish foundational capabilities for the TS2 program such as solution architecture, program requirements, 

and future state business design.

In fiscal year 2014, BEP continued to enhance and refine its cloud-based, fully integrated enterprise resource planning system, 

Manufacturing Support Suite (MSS). MSS has reduced manual processes, increased efficiency, improved data quality, and provides 

real-time enterprise data and information for improved decision-making. BEP plans to continually focus on improving automation 

and streamlining in a cost-efficient manner in fiscal year 2015.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) upgraded its Management and Accountability Reporting Tools ($MART) 

financial system in order to retain access to vendor support for the underlying software in fiscal year 2014. The OCC plans to 

continue to integrate its applications with its customers and to provide innovative solutions for efficient reporting.

IMPROPER PAYMENTS

Background

The Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010 (IPERA, Pub. L. 111-204) amends the Improper Payments 

Information Act of 2002 (IPIA) and requires agencies to review their programs and activities annually to identify those susceptible 

to significant improper payments. IPERA also generally repeals the Recovery Auditing Act, and significantly increases agency 

payment recapture efforts by expanding the types of payments to be reviewed and lowering the dollar threshold of annual payments 

that requires agencies to conduct payment recapture audit programs. OMB Circular No. A-123, Management’s Responsibility for 

Internal Control, Appendix C, Requirements for Effective Estimation and Remediation of Improper Payments (A-123, Appendix 

C), recently amended October 20, 2014, defines “significant improper payments” as gross annual improper payments in a program 

exceeding both the threshold of 1.5 percent of program outlays and $10 million of all program or activity payments or $100 million 

regardless of the improper payment percentage. A-123, Appendix C, also requires agencies with programs susceptible to significant 

improper payments to implement corrective action plans that include improper payment root cause identification, reduction 

targets, and identification of accountable officials.

Treasury’s Risk Assessment Methodology and Results for FY 2014 

In fiscal year 2014, Treasury completed a full program inventory and performed risk assessments to identify programs that have a 

significant risk of improper payments, per the methodology in OMB Circular No. A-123, Appendix C. The risk assessments 

performed on Treasury’s programs and activities in fiscal year 2014 resulted in low and medium risk susceptibility for improper 

payments, except for the IRS’s Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

35

EITC PROGRAM 

The EITC is a refundable tax credit that offsets income tax owed by low-income taxpayers and, if the credit exceeds the amount of 

taxes due, provides a lump-sum payment in the form of a refund to those who qualify. Treasury estimates that for fiscal year 2014, 

between 24.9 percent ($16.2 billion) and 29.4 percent ($19.1 billion) of the total EITC program payments of $65.2 billion were 

overclaims. The IRS has a robust base enforcement program for the EITC which consists of examinations (audits), math error 

notices, and document matching. Details on the IRS’s EITC program can be found in Section E of Part 3, Other Information.

Payment Recapture Audits

Section 2(h) of the IPERA requires agencies to conduct payment recapture audits (also known as recovery audits) for each program 

and activity that expends $1 million or more annually if conducting such audits would be cost-effective. Treasury performed 

the payment recapture activities required in A-123, Appendix C during fiscal year 2014. Details on Treasury’s improper payments 

and payment recapture program activities and results can be found in Section E of Part 3, Other Information.

AUDIT FOLLOW-UP PROGRAM

During fiscal year 2014, Treasury continued its efforts to improve both the general administration of internal control issues

throughout the Department and the timeliness of the resolution of all findings and recommendations identified by the Treasury 

OIG, TIGTA, SIGTARP, GAO, and external auditors. Additional information on Treasury’s audit follow-up activities can be found 

in Section F of Part 3, Other Information.
 
 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

36

MESSAGE FROM THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MANAGEMENT AND 

DEPUTY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 

Nani A. Coloretti

Assistant Secretary 

for Management

Dorrice C. Roth

Deputy Chief Financial 

Officer

In fiscal year 2014, Treasury pursued an aggressive set of management programs and 

initiatives designed to manage the U.S. government’s finances efficiently and 

responsibly. By focusing on a comprehensive set of management priorities, Treasury 

has led and supported government-wide financial management efforts to increase 

productivity, reduce waste and non-essential expenses, and modernize processes and 

systems. These priorities included the Department’s two new Agency Priority Goals 

“Focus Enforcement on High-Priority Threats Using Proactive Analysis” and “Increasing 

Self-Service Options for the Taxpayers.”

In efforts to make doing business with the U.S. government as easy as possible, the 

Department has transitioned to electronic transactions with the public. In fiscal year 2014, 94 percent of Treasury payments and 

associated information were made electronically. As the number of Social Security recipients increases, the savings from electronic 

payments will also increase while providing beneficiaries a safer, more reliable, and convenient way to receive their payments.

In fiscal year 2014, Treasury demonstrated leadership in fiscal prudence and management excellence by:

• Advancing engagement of small businesses by exceeding all small business contracting goals for the fourth year in a row 

(based on preliminary results) to spur job creation and stimulate local economies;

• Advancing the Administration’s goal of reducing the federal footprint by releasing more than one million square feet of space 

in the Department’s real property inventory in fiscal year 2013 (the second highest reduction in the U.S. government), and 

projecting another 600,000 plus square foot reduction in fiscal year 2014; 

• Improving accountability, transparency, and data accessibility to shared services customers by creating a cloud-based 

central repository and increasing communication around financial and IT data, pricing, and program information; and

• Enhancing efforts to improve technology tools, supporting federal data center consolidation, and increasing shared 

services by expanding service offerings, onboarding new customers, and improving cost efficiencies at Treasury’s 

Administrative Resource Center and HR Connect (Treasury’s line of business for human resources). 

The Department received an unmodified audit opinion on its consolidated financial statements for the fifteenth consecutive year. 

Treasury continues to make steady progress toward resolving the two Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act material weaknesses 

remaining open as of September 30, 2014 (IRS – Unpaid Tax Assessments, and Bureau of the Fiscal Service – Systems, Controls, and 

Procedures to Prepare the Government-wide Financial Statements). Despite the complexity of Treasury’s financial systems 

contributing to these material weaknesses, we have made considerable progress toward resolving the issues.

Nani A. Coloretti Dorrice C. Roth

Assistant Secretary for Management Deputy Chief Financial Officer

November 17, 2014 November 17, 2014 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

37

INSPECTOR GENERAL’S TRANSMITTAL LETTER

OFFICE OF

INSPECTOR GENERAL

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20220

 

November 17, 2014 

INFORMATION MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARY LEW

FROM: Eric M. Thorson 

Inspector General

SUBJECT: Audit of the Department of the Treasury’s Consolidated Financial

Statements for Fiscal Years 2014 and 2013 

INTRODUCTION

I am pleased to transmit KPMG LLP’s (KPMG) report on the Department of the Treasury’s 

(Department) consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years (FY) ending 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. 

The Chief Financial Officer’s Act, as amended, requires the Department’s Inspector General or 

an independent auditor, as determined by the Inspector General, to audit the Department’s 

consolidated financial statements. Under a contract monitored by my office, KPMG, an 

independent certified public accounting firm, performed an audit of the Department’s FY 2014 

and 2013 consolidated financial statements. The contract required that the audit be performed in 

accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards issued by the Comptroller 

General of the United States and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 14-02, 

Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements.

RESULTS OF INDEPENDENT AUDIT 

In its audit of the Department, KPMG reported the following: 

• the consolidated financial statements were fairly presented, in all material respects, in 

accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

38

• a material weakness in internal control over unpaid tax assessments and a significant 

deficiency in internal control over financial reporting systems identified by the auditor of 

the Internal Revenue Service collectively represent a material weakness for the 

Department as a whole; 

• deficiencies in internal control over information systems at the Bureau of the Fiscal 

Service represent a significant deficiency for the Department as a whole; 

• an Anti-deficiency Act violation related to uncompensated services provided to the 

Department; and

• the Department’s financial management systems did not substantially comply with the 

requirements of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (FFMIA) 

related to Federal financial management systems requirements and applicable Federal 

accounting standards. 

EVALUATION OF AUDITORS’ PERFORMANCE

To ensure the quality of the audit work performed, we evaluated KPMG’s qualifications and 

independence, reviewed the approach and planning of the audit, monitored the progress of the 

audit at key points, reviewed and accepted KPMG’s audit report, and performed other 

procedures that we deemed necessary. Additionally, we provide oversight of financial statement

audits and examinations of certain activities performed under contract at 10 component entities 

of the Department. Our review, as differentiated from an audit performed in accordance with 

generally accepted government auditing standards, was not intended to enable us to express, and 

we do not express, an opinion on the consolidated financial statements or conclusions about the 

effectiveness of internal control or on whether the Department’s financial management systems 

substantially complied with FFMIA or conclusions on compliance with laws and regulations. 

KPMG is responsible for the attached auditors’ report dated November 17, 2014, and the 

conclusions expressed therein. However, our review disclosed no instances where KPMG did not 

comply, in all material respects, with generally accepted government auditing standards and 

OMB Bulletin No. 14-02. 

I appreciate the courtesy and cooperation extended to KPMG and my staff during the audit. 

Should you or your staff have questions, you may contact me at (202) 622-1090 or 

Marla A. Freedman, Assistant Inspector General for Audit, at (202) 927-5400. 

Attachment

cc: Nani A. Coloretti 

Assistant Secretary for Management

 Dorrice C. Roth 

 Deputy Chief Financial Officer 
Independent Auditors’ Report

Inspector General

U.S. Department of the Treasury:

Report on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the U.S. Department of the 

Treasury (Department), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2014 and 

2013, the related consolidated statements of net cost, consolidated statements of changes in net position, 

combined statements of budgetary resources, and statements of custodial activity for the years then 

ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (hereinafter referred to as 

“consolidated financial statements”). 

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial 

statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, 

implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of 

the consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or 

error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our 

audits. We did not audit the financial statements of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), a component 

entity of the Department, which statements reflect total assets of $49.2 and $42.2 billion, net cost of 

operations of $12.1 and $12.3 billion before applicable eliminating entries, budgetary resources of $12.8 

and $12.7 billion, and custodial activity of $3,069 and $2,851 billion, as of and for the years ended 

September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, respectively. Those statements were audited by other 

auditors, whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts 

included for IRS, is based solely on the report of the other auditors. 

We did not audit the financial statements of the Office of Financial Stability (OFS), a component entity 

of the Department, which statements reflect total assets of $35.4 and $71.2 billion, net cost of (income

from) operations of $3.0 and ($7.7) billion before applicable eliminating entries, and budgetary 

resources of $17.2 and $37.9 billion, as of and for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 

September 30, 2013, respectively. Those statements were audited by other auditors, whose report has 

been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for OFS, is based 

solely on the report of the other auditors. 

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States 

of America; the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards

issued by the Comptroller General of the United States; and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 

Bulletin No. 14-02, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements. Those standards and OMB 

Bulletin No. 14-02 require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about 

whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. 

KPMG LLP

Suite 12000

1801 K Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20006

KPMG LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership,

the U.S. member firm of KPMG International Cooperative

(“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity.

39
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in 

the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, 

including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, 

whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control 

relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order 

to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing 

an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. 

An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness 

of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation 

of the consolidated financial statements. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 

our audit opinion. 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of the other auditors, the consolidated financial 

statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the U.S. 

Department of the Treasury as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, and its net costs, changes in net position, 

budgetary resources, and custodial activity for the years then ended in accordance with U.S. generally 

accepted accounting principles.

Emphasis of Matter 

As discussed in Notes 7, 8, and 11, the Department is a participant in significant legislation and 

transactions whose purpose is to assist in stabilizing the financial markets. Also as discussed in note 1A, 

the consolidated financial statements do not include the assets, liabilities, or results of operations of 

commercial entities in which the Department has a significant equity interest as it has determined that 

none of these entities meet the criteria for inclusion as a federal entity and are therefore not included in 

the consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, as discussed in notes 1V, 7, 8, and 11, the value of 

certain investments, loans, and commitments is based on estimates. These estimates are inherently 

subject to substantial uncertainty arising from the likelihood of future changes in general economic, 

regulatory, and market conditions. In addition, there are significant uncertainties related to the amounts 

that the Department will realize from its investments. As such, there will likely be differences between 

the estimated value of these investments, loans, and commitments as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, 

and the amounts that may ultimately be realized from these assets or may be required to settle these 

commitments. Such differences may be material and will also affect the ultimate cost of these programs. 

Our opinion is not modified with respect to these matters.

Other Matters

Required Supplementary Information

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that the information in the Management’s 

Discussion and Analysis and Required Supplementary Information sections be presented to supplement 

the basic consolidated financial statements. Such information, although not a part of the basic 

consolidated financial statements, is required by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board who 

considers it to be an essential part of financial reporting for placing the basic consolidated financial 

statements in an appropriate operational, economic, or historical context. We, and the other auditors, 

have applied certain limited procedures to the required supplementary information in accordance with 

auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which consisted of inquiries of 

management about the methods of preparing the information and comparing the information for 

consistency with management’s responses to our inquiries, the basic consolidated financial statements, 

and other knowledge we obtained during our audits of the basic consolidated financial statements. We 

40
do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on the information because the limited procedures 

do not provide us with sufficient evidence to express an opinion or provide any assurance. 

Other Information

Our audits were conducted for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic consolidated financial 

statements as a whole. The Message from the Secretary of the Treasury, the Message from the Assistant 

Secretary for Management and the Deputy Chief Financial Officer, and the Other Information sections 

are presented for purposes of additional analysis and are not a required part of the basic consolidated

financial statements. Such information has not been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the 

audits of the basic consolidated financial statements, and accordingly, we do not express an opinion or 

provide any assurance on it. 

Other Reporting Required by Government Auditing Standards

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In planning and performing our audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year 

ended September 30, 2014, we considered the Department’s internal control over financial reporting 

(internal control) to determine the audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances for the 

purpose of expressing our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, but not for the purpose of 

expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Department’s internal control. Accordingly, we do not 

express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Department’s internal control. This report includes our 

consideration of the results of the other auditors’ testing of internal control over financial reporting and 

compliance and other matters that was reported on separately by those auditors. However, this reporting, 

insofar as it relates to the results of the other auditors, is based solely on the reports of the other auditors.

We, and the other auditors, did not test all internal controls relevant to operating objectives as broadly 

defined by the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982. 

Our consideration of internal control was for the limited purpose described in the preceding paragraph 

and was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal control that might be material weaknesses 

or significant deficiencies and therefore, material weaknesses or significant deficiencies may exist that 

have not been identified. However, as described below, we and the other auditors, identified certain 

deficiencies in internal control that we consider to be a material weakness and a significant deficiency. 

A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow 

management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or 

detect and correct, misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a 

combination of deficiencies, in internal control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material 

misstatement of the entity’s financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a 

timely basis. We consider the deficiency described below to be a material weakness.

41
A. Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting at the IRS (Repeat Condition)

IRS needs to establish internal control over financial reporting and systems in accordance with OMB 

Circular A-123, Management’s Responsibility for Internal Control to ensure reliable and timely 

financial information is obtained, maintained, and reported. IRS continued to make progress in 

addressing its deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting. However, a material weakness in 

internal control over unpaid tax assessments and significant deficiency in internal control over financial 

reporting systems continued to exist in fiscal year 2014 and are collectively considered a material 

weakness at the Department level. The other auditors performed an audit of IRS’s internal control over 

financial reporting for the purpose of providing an opinion on the effectiveness of internal control. 

Because of the material weakness, the other auditors’ opinion on IRS’s internal control over financial 

reporting stated that IRS did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over 

financial reporting as of September 30, 2014, and thus did not provide reasonable assurance that losses 

and misstatements that were material in relation to the IRS’s financial statements would be prevented or 

detected and corrected on a timely basis. The deficiencies are summarized as follows: 

1. Internal control deficiencies that affected IRS’s management and reporting of unpaid tax 

assessments continued to exist. Specifically, IRS had the following control deficiencies: (1) taxes 

receivable and other unpaid tax assessments were not supported by IRS’s core general ledger system 

for tax transactions and instead were supported by a labor-intensive manual compensating 

estimation process; (2) IRS cannot use the subsidiary ledger and supporting financial systems for 

unpaid tax assessments to prepare reliable and useful information to manage and report externally

because IRS’s classification program does not effectively sort, identify, and analyze all the relevant 

transaction information required for proper classification, recording and reporting; and (3) IRS did 

not consistently record information accurately in taxpayer accounts, had ineffective processes that 

caused errors or misclassifications in the amounts taxpayers owed, and did not always follow 

established procedures for calculating and recording failure-to-pay penalties. 

2. Internal control deficiencies over financial reporting systems continued to exist that increase the risk 

that IRS financial and taxpayer data will remain vulnerable to inappropriate and undetected use, 

modification or disclosure. Specifically, the IRS did not: (1) install appropriate security updates on 

certain databases and servers; (2) use strong encryption for communications between key financial 

applications; (3) sufficiently monitor mainframe control activities that support financial reporting; 

(4) effectively maintain the secure configuration of a key application used to transfer taxpayer data; 

(5) comprehensively monitor changes to files supporting mainframe security; and (6) log user access 

to taxpayer data for one application. 

Additional details related to the material weakness identified above have been provided separately to 

the IRS management by the auditor of the IRS’s financial statements. 

Recommendation

The other auditors separately provided IRS management with recommendations to address the above 

material weakness. We recommend that the Assistant Secretary for Management (ASM) and Deputy 

Chief Financial Officer (DCFO) ensure that the IRS implements requisite corrective actions to resolve 

this material weakness.

A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control that is less 

severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those charged with 

governance. We consider the deficiency described below to be a significant deficiency. 

42
B. Significant Deficiency in Internal Control Over Information Systems at the Bureau of the Fiscal 

Service (Repeat Condition)

Effective information system controls and security programs over financial systems are essential to 

protecting information resources in accordance with OMB Circular No. A-130, Management of Federal 

Information Resources. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) relies on an extensive array of 

information technology systems to perform their primary missions. During fiscal year 2014, Fiscal 

Service implemented detective controls to attempt to resolve the prior year significant deficiency; 

however, most of these detective controls were not operating effectively. In addition, Fiscal Service did 

not design and implement preventative controls needed for its complex information technology

environment and large transaction volume. Specifically, Fiscal Service has not consistently documented, 

implemented, or enforced the policies and procedures needed to prevent, detect, and correct information 

system weaknesses. Additionally, Fiscal Service’s general information technology controls did not 

provide reasonable assurance that: an adequate security management program is in place; access to 

computer resources (i.e., data, equipment, and facilities) is appropriate and restricted to authorized 

individuals; responsibilities are properly segregated; and systems are configured and operated securely 

and as intended. 

These deficiencies could compromise the Fiscal Service’s ability to ensure security over sensitive 

financial data and reliability of the financial systems.

Recommendation

Due to the sensitivity of the details of the weaknesses described above, we will issue a separate sensitive 

but unclassified report detailing the conditions identified and our recommendations for corrective action. 

We recommend that the ASM and DCFO ensure that the Fiscal Service implement requisite corrective 

actions to resolve control weaknesses over their information systems. 

Compliance and Other Matters

As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the Department’s consolidated financial 

statements are free from material misstatement, we, and the other auditors, performed tests of the 

Department’s compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements, 

noncompliance with which could have a direct and material effect on the determination of financial 

statement amounts, and certain provisions of other laws and regulations specified in OMB Bulletin 

No. 14-02. However, providing an opinion on compliance with those provisions was not an objective of 

our audit, and accordingly, we do not express such an opinion. The results of our, and the other auditors’, 

tests disclosed an instance of noncompliance that is required to be reported under Government Auditing 

Standards or OMB Bulletin No. 14-02, and which is described below. 

43
C. Violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act 

The Department determined that four individuals, who were not students, had provided uncompensated 

services as interns in fiscal years 2010 and 2011. This occurred because certain Department individuals 

did not fully understand the requirements related to employing interns. The Department indicated that 

upon realizing this error, the Department terminated its relationship with the individuals. 

Section 1342 of Title 31 of the United States Code (Anti-Deficiency Act) generally prohibits the 

acceptance of uncompensated services. Notwithstanding this prohibition, uncompensated services may 

be accepted from students, as provided by 5 U.S.C. § 3111. In addition, gratuitous services may be 

accepted from other individuals under appropriate circumstances, if the individual providing services 

agrees in advance that: (1) the services are offered without expectation of payment, and (2) the individual 

will not assert any future claim against the federal government. 

On January 27, 2014, the Comptroller General held that because the Department did not obtain advance 

written agreements from these individuals, a violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act occurred.

Recommendation

We recommend that Treasury periodically remind Department employees that they must obtain approval 

from the Office of Human Resources prior to accepting any unpaid services to ensure that authority 

exists to accept such services and that where services are performed by non-students, advance written 

agreement is obtained. 

We, and the other auditors, also performed tests of the Department’s compliance with certain provisions 

referred to in Section 803(a) of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (FFMIA). 

Providing an opinion on compliance with FFMIA was not an objective of our audit, and accordingly, 

we do not express such an opinion. The results of our tests of FFMIA and those of the other auditors 

disclosed instances, described below, in which the Department’s financial management systems did not 

substantially comply with the (1) Federal financial management systems requirements, and (2) 

applicable Federal accounting standards. The results of our tests of FFMIA and those of the other 

auditors disclosed no instances in which the Department’s financial management systems did not 

substantially comply with the United States Government Standard General Ledger at the transaction 

level.

D. Noncompliance with Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (Repeat 

Condition)

The Department’s financial management systems did not substantially comply with the following 

FFMIA requirements: 

1. Federal Financial Management Systems Requirements 

As discussed in finding A. Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting at the IRS 

(Repeat Condition), the Department continues to have deficiencies in the IRS’s financial management 

systems. 

44
2. Federal Accounting Standards 

As discussed in finding A. Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting at the IRS 

(Repeat Condition), the Department has a material weakness related to the IRS that affected the 

Department’s ability to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the federal accounting 

standards. Specifically, IRS financial management systems were unable to support the taxes receivable 

amount on the consolidated balance sheet, and the compliance assessments and write-offs in the required 

supplementary information disclosures, in accordance with accounting standards.

Recommendation

The other auditors separately provided IRS management with recommendations to address the above 

noncompliance with FFMIA. We recommend that the ASM and DCFO ensure that the IRS implements 

its remediation plan outlining actions to be taken to resolve noncompliance with the FFMIA 

requirements and the resources and responsible organizational units for such planned actions. Many of 

the IRS’s planned actions are long term in nature and are tied to IRS’s systems modernization efforts.

Department’s Response to Findings

The Department indicated in a separate letter immediately following this report that it concurs with the 

findings and recommendations presented in our report. Further, the Department responded that it will 

take necessary corrective actions to address each of the matters presented. The Department’s response 

was not subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the consolidated financial statements 

and, accordingly, we express no opinion on the response. 

Purpose of the Other Reporting Required by Government Auditing Standards

The purpose of the communication described in the Other Reporting Required by Government Auditing 

Standards section is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal control and compliance and 

the results of that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the Department’s internal 

control or compliance. Accordingly, this communication is not suitable for any other purpose. 

November 17, 2014 

45
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

46

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSE TO INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

November 17, 2014 

KPMG LLP

1801 K Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20006 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

On behalf of Secretary Lew, we are responding to your audit report on the Department of the Treasury’s 

fiscal year 2014 consolidated financial statements. Our bureaus and program offices are proud of the 

Department’s success in achieving an unmodified audit opinion on the Department’s financial statements 

for the fifteenth consecutive year. 

The high level of professionalism, technical expertise, and partnership demonstrated by KPMG in 

conducting this year’s audit contributed greatly to Treasury’s successful fiscal year 2014 results. We also 

appreciate the expertise and commitment demonstrated by the other organizations involved in the audit 

process – the Office of the Inspector General, Government Accountability Office (GAO), and the firms that 

audited several of our bureaus. 

We acknowledge the one material weakness and one significant deficiency at the Department level, and 

instances of noncompliance with laws and regulations described in your report. We agree with your 

recommendations, and will focus on necessary corrective actions to address each of the issues. 

In connection with the Anti-Deficiency Act violation that resulted from uncompensated services provided to 

Treasury during fiscal years 2010 and 2011 by four individuals who were not students, we have 

implemented the necessary corrective actions – including enhancing on-boarding procedures and increasing 

awareness of our personnel of these procedures – to ensure that Treasury only accepts uncompensated 

services in a manner consistent with the Act.

Overall, we have made substantial progress in enhancing our internal control environment. We are very 

proud of our progress, and remain committed to ensuring high standards of integrity and transparency in 

reporting our financial performance. 

 

Nani A. Coloretti Dorrice C. Roth 

Assistant Secretary for Management Deputy Chief Financial Officer
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

47

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

ASSETS 2014 2013

Intra-governmental Assets

Fund Balance (Note 2) $ 352,928 $ 367,820

Loans and Interest Receivable (Note 3) 1,221,599 1,093,559

Advances to the Unemployment Trust Fund (Note 4) 20,824 29,696

Due From the General Fund (Note 4) 17,949,849 17,123,357

Other Intra-governmental Assets 568 435

Total Intra-governmental Assets 19,545,768 18,614,867

Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets (Note 5) 211,868 148,506

Gold and Silver Reserves (Note 6) 11,062 11,062

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) - Credit Program Receivables, Net (Note 7) 2,174 17,869

Investments in Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSE) (Notes 4 and 8) 95,810 140,221

Investments in International Financial Institutions (Note 9) 6,891 6,396

Other Investments and Related Interest (Note 10) 17,921 14,114

Other Credit Program Receivables, Net (Note 11) 16,928 17,628

Loans and Interest Receivable, Net (Note 12) 9,499 10,042

Reserve Position in the International Monetary Fund (Note 12) 12,834 17,915

Taxes, Interest, and Other Receivables, Net (Note 13) 42,509 38,602

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net (Note 14) 2,800 2,646

Other Assets 898 756

Total Assets (Note 15) $ 19,976,962 $ 19,040,624

Heritage Assets (Note 14)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

48

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

2014 2013

LIABILITIES

Intra-governmental Liabilities

Federal Debt and Interest Payable (Notes 4 and 16) $ 5,104,620 $ 4,837,436

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest (Notes 4 and 16) - 128,272

Other Debt and Interest Payable (Note 17) 13,733 5,761

Due To the General Fund (Note 4) 1,539,951 1,417,423

Other Intra-governmental Liabilities (Note 19) 565 477

Total Intra-governmental Liabilities 6,658,869 6,389,369

Federal Debt and Interest Payable (Notes 4 and 16) 12,809,423 12,003,030

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest (Notes 4 and 16) - 120,356

Certificates Issued to the Federal Reserve (Note 5) 5,200 5,200

Allocation of Special Drawing Rights (Note 5) 52,358 54,177

Gold Certificates Issued to the Federal Reserve (Note 6) 11,037 11,037

Refunds Payable (Notes 4 and 23) 4,723 2,914

D.C. Federal Pensions and Judicial Retirement Actuarial Liability (Note 18) 9,159 9,164

Other Liabilities (Note 19) 4,806 4,234

Total Liabilities (Note 19) 19,555,575 18,599,481

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 27)

NET POSITION

Unexpended Appropriations: 

 Funds from Dedicated Collections (Note 24) 200 200

 Other Funds 348,412 361,095

 Subtotal 348,612 361,295

Cumulative Results of Operations

 Funds from Dedicated Collections (Note 24) 46,464 48,477

 Other Funds 26,311 31,371

 Subtotal 72,775 79,848

Total Net Position - Funds from Dedicated Collections (Note 24) 46,664 48,677

Total Net Position - Other Funds 374,723 392,466

Total Net Position (Note 20) 421,387 441,143

Total Liabilities and Net Position $ 19,976,962 $ 19,040,624

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

49

Consolidated Statements of Net Cost

For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

Cost of Treasury Operations: 2014 2013

Financial Program

Gross Cost $ 15,124 $ 14,929

Less Earned Revenue (3,108) (3,127)

Net Program Cost 12,016 11,802

Economic Program

Gross Cost (Revenue) 18,354 (834)

Less Earned Revenue (7,025) (7,389)

Net Program Cost (Revenue) 11,329 (8,223)

Security Program

Gross Cost 375 394

Less Earned Revenue (8) (7)

Net Program Cost 367 387

Total Program Gross Costs 33,853 14,489

Total Program Gross Earned Revenues (10,141) (10,523)

Total Net Program Cost before Changes in Actuarial Assumptions 23,712 3,966

Loss/(Gain) on Pension, ORB, or OPEB Assumption Changes 170 (684)

Total Net Cost of Treasury Operations (Note 21) 23,882 3,282

Non-Entity Costs

Federal Debt Interest 431,618 425,081

Restoration of Foregone Federal Debt Interest (Note 16) 444 20

Less Interest Revenue from Loans (37,216) (35,132)

Net Federal Debt Interest Costs 394,846 389,969

Accrued Restoration of Foregone Federal Debt Interest (Note 16) - 801

Other Federal Costs, net (Note 21) 14,054 17,006

GSEs Non-Entity Revenue (Note 8) (28,061) (126,606)

Other, net (761) (828)

Total Net Non-Entity Costs 380,078 280,342

Total Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs $ 403,960 $ 283,624

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

50

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position

For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

2014 2013

CUMULATIVE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Note 20)

Beginning Balance $ 79,848 $ 71,887

Budgetary Financing Sources

Appropriations Used 460,593 455,216

Non-Exchange Revenue 568 695

Donations and Forfeitures of Cash/Equivalent 508 1,093

Transfers In/Out Without Reimbursement 304 (30)

Other 52 12

Other Financing Sources (Non-Exchange)

Donation/Forfeiture of Property 140 135

Accrued Interest and Discount on Debt 7,404 10,905

Accrued Interest on Restoration of Federal Debt Principal (Note 16) (801) 801

Transfers In/Out Without Reimbursement (44) (42)

Imputed Financing Sources (Note 21) 796 776

Transfers to the General Fund and Other (Note 20) (72,633) (177,976)

Total Financing Sources 396,887 291,585

Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs (403,960) (283,624)

Net Change (7,073) 7,961

Cumulative Results of Operations 72,775 79,848

UNEXPENDED APPROPRIATIONS (Note 20)

Beginning Balance 361,295 317,509

Budgetary Financing Sources

Appropriations Received (Note 20) 470,461 508,448

Appropriations Transferred In/Out 144 25

Other Adjustments (22,695) (9,471)

Appropriations Used (460,593) (455,216)

Total Budgetary Financing Sources (12,683) 43,786

Total Unexpended Appropriations 348,612 361,295

Net Position $ 421,387 $ 441,143

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

51

Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources

For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2014 

(In Millions)

NonBudgetary 2014

BUDGETARY RESOURCES Budgetary Financing Total

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 368,339 $ 2,011 $ 370,350

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 3,872 5,365 9,237

Other changes in unobligated balance (18,218) (6,326) (24,544)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 353,993 1,050 355,043

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) (Note 20) 469,330 - 469,330

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) (Note 22) - 1,200 1,200

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 8,222 7,998 16,220

Total Budgetary Resources $ 831,545 $ 10,248 $ 841,793

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred (Note 22) $ 482,380 $ 9,271 $ 491,651

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 273,584 603 274,187

 Exempt from Apportionment 16,112 - 16,112

 Unapportioned 59,469 374 59,843

Total unobligated balance, end of year 349,165 977 350,142

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 831,545 $ 10,248 $ 841,793

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 132,978 $ 101,434 $ 234,412

Obligations incurred (Note 22) 482,380 9,271 491,651

Outlays (gross) (480,732) (9,763) (490,495)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations (3,872) (5,365) (9,237)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 130,754 95,577 226,331

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (245) (730) (975)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources 18 218 236

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (227) (512) (739)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ 130,527 $ 95,065 $ 225,592

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ 132,733 $ 100,704 $ 233,437

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 477,552 $ 9,198 $ 486,750

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (8,186) (19,057) (27,243)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) 18 218 236

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 469,384 $ (9,641) $ 459,743

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 480,732 $ 9,763 $ 490,495

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (8,186) (19,057) (27,243)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) 472,546 (9,294) 463,252

Distributed offsetting receipts (125,584) - (125,584)

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 346,962 $ (9,294) $ 337,668

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

52

Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources

For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2013

(In Millions)

NonBudgetary 2013

BUDGETARY RESOURCES Budgetary Financing Total

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 320,785 $ 18,813 $ 339,598

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 7,876 7,608 15,484

Other changes in unobligated balance (3,366) (23,430) (26,796)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 325,295 2,991 328,286

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) (Note 20) 504,687 - 504,687

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) (Note 22) - 576 576

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 10,091 14,141 24,232

Total Budgetary Resources $ 840,073 $ 17,708 $ 857,781

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred (Note 22) $ 471,734 $ 15,697 $ 487,431

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 274,291 735 275,026

 Exempt from Apportionment 18,983 - 18,983

 Unapportioned 75,065 1,276 76,341

Total unobligated balance, end of year 368,339 2,011 370,350

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 840,073 $ 17,708 $ 857,781

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 142,307 $ 110,866 $ 253,173

Obligations incurred (Note 22) 471,734 15,697 487,431

Outlays (gross) (473,187) (17,521) (490,708)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations (7,876) (7,608) (15,484)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 132,978 101,434 234,412

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (186) (818) (1,004)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources (59) 88 29

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (245) (730) (975)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ 132,733 $ 100,704 $ 233,437

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ 142,121 $ 110,048 $ 252,169

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 514,778 $ 14,717 $ 529,495

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (10,088) (42,358) (52,446)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) (59) 88 29

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 504,631 $ (27,553) $ 477,078

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 473,187 $ 17,521 $ 490,708

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (10,088) (42,358) (52,446)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) 463,099 (24,837) 438,262

Distributed offsetting receipts (151,404) - (151,404)

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 311,695 $ (24,837) $ 286,858

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

53

Statements of Custodial Activity

For the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

2014 2013

Sources of Custodial Revenue (Note 23)

Individual Income and FICA Taxes $ 2,605,049 $ 2,448,546

Corporate Income Taxes 353,141 311,994

Estate and Gift Taxes 20,155 19,830

Excise Taxes 93,405 83,970

Railroad Retirement Taxes 5,954 5,511

Unemployment Taxes 8,612 7,896

Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System 99,235 75,767

Fines, Penalties, Interest and Other Revenue 4,512 2,886

Total Revenue Received 3,190,063 2,956,400

Less Refunds and Other Payments (373,863) (364,788)

Net Revenue Received 2,816,200 2,591,612

Non-Cash Accrual Adjustment 1,967 (959)

Non-TARP Investments in American International Group, Inc. (Note 7):

 Cash Proceeds from Sale of Stock - 2,588

 Non-Cash Market Adjustments - (2,611)

Total Custodial Revenue 2,818,167 2,590,630

Disposition of Custodial Revenue (Note 23)

Amounts Provided to Fund Non-Federal Entities 312 358

Amounts Provided to Fund the Federal Government 2,815,888 2,591,254

Non-Cash Accrual Adjustment 1,967 (959)

Non-TARP Investments in American International Group, Inc. (Note 7):

 Cash Proceeds from Stock Sales Provided to Fund the Federal Government - 2,588

 Non-Cash Market Adjustment - (2,611)

Total Disposition of Custodial Revenue 2,818,167 2,590,630

Net Custodial Revenue $ - $ -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES................................................................................................................ 55

2. FUND BALANCE ................................................................................................................................................................... 71

3. LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE – INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL............................................................................................... 73

4. DUE FROM THE GENERAL FUND AND DUE TO THE GENERAL FUND ....................................................................................... 75

5. CASH, FOREIGN CURRENCY, AND OTHER MONETARY ASSETS ................................................................................................ 77

6. GOLD AND SILVER RESERVES, AND GOLD CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS ........................................ 79

7. TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM – CREDIT PROGRAM RECEIVABLES, NET........................................................................ 80

8. INVESTMENTS IN GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES ................................................................................................... 84

9. INVESTMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................................. 88

10. OTHER INVESTMENTS AND RELATED INTEREST ................................................................................................................... 88

11. OTHER CREDIT PROGRAM RECEIVABLES, NET ..................................................................................................................... 89

12. RESERVE POSITION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND RELATED LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE ................. 93

13. TAXES,INTEREST, AND OTHER RECEIVABLES, NET.............................................................................................................. 94

14. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET .......................................................................................................................... 95

15. NON-ENTITY VS. ENTITY ASSETS......................................................................................................................................... 96

16. FEDERAL DEBT AND INTEREST PAYABLE AND RELATED LIABILITIES ..................................................................................... 97

17. OTHER DEBT AND INTEREST PAYABLE................................................................................................................................. 100

18. D.C. FEDERAL PENSIONS AND JUDICIAL RETIREMENT ACTUARIAL LIABILITY ....................................................................... 102

19. LIABILITIES........................................................................................................................................................................ 104

20. NET POSITION................................................................................................................................................................... 105

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS ......................................... 106

22. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATED TO THE COMBINED STATEMENTS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES..................................... 112

23. COLLECTION AND DISPOSITION OF CUSTODIAL REVENUE .................................................................................................... 116

24. FUNDS FROM DEDICATED COLLECTIONS............................................................................................................................. 118

25. RECONCILIATION OF NET COST OF TREASURY OPERATIONS AND NON-ENTITY COSTS TO BUDGET ......................................... 122

26. SCHEDULE OF FIDUCIARY ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 123

27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES ................................................................................................................................. 124

REQUIRED SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED – SEE ACCOMPANYING AUDITORS’ REPORT)......................................... 128
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A. REPORTING ENTITY

The accompanying financial statements include the operations of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Department or Treasury), 

one of 24 CFO Act agencies of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, and certain custodial activities the Department 

manages on behalf of the entire U.S. government. The following paragraphs describe the activities of the reporting entity. 

The Department was established by an Act of Congress approved on September 2, 1789. Many subsequent acts affected the 

development of the Department, delegating new duties to its charge and establishing the numerous bureaus and divisions that now 

comprise the Department. As a major policy advisor to the President, the Secretary of the Treasury (Secretary) has primary 

responsibility for formulating and managing the domestic and international tax and financial policies of the U.S. government. 

Further, the Secretary is responsible for recommending and implementing U.S. domestic and international economic and fiscal 

policy; governing the fiscal operations of the U.S. government; maintaining foreign assets control; managing the federal debt; 

collecting income and excise taxes; representing the United States on international monetary, trade, and investment issues; 

overseeing Departmental overseas operations; and directing the manufacture of coins, currency, and other products for customer 

agencies and the public. 

The Department’s reporting entities include Departmental Offices (DO) and seven operating bureaus. For financial reporting 

purposes, DO is composed of: Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund, Office of D.C. Pensions (ODCP), 

Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF), Federal Financing Bank (FFB), Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSE) Program, 

International Assistance Programs (IAP), Office of Financial Research (OFR), Office of Financial Stability (OFS), Office of 

Inspector General (OIG), Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF), Special Office of Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief 

Program (SIGTARP), Treasury Forfeiture Fund (TFF), Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA), and the DO 

policy offices. 

The Department’s seven operating bureaus are: Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP); Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal 

Service); Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN); Internal Revenue Service (IRS); United States Mint (Mint); Office of 

the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC); and Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB). The Department’s financial 

statements reflect the reporting of its own entity activities comprising both the Department’s operating bureaus and DO, that are 

consolidated with the Department. This includes appropriations received to conduct its operations and revenue generated from 

those operations. They also reflect the reporting of certain non-entity (custodial) functions it performs on behalf of the U.S. 

government and others. Non-entity activities include collecting certain federal revenue, servicing the federal debt, disbursing 

certain federal funds, and maintaining certain assets and liabilities for the U.S. government (refer to Notes 4 and 15), as well as for 

other federal entities. The Department’s reporting entity does not include the General Fund of the U.S. government (General 

Fund), which maintains receipt, disbursement, and appropriation accounts for all federal agencies. 

Following generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for federal entities, the Department does not consolidate into its 

financial statements the assets, liabilities, or results of operations of any financial organization or commercial entity in which it 

holds either a direct, indirect, or beneficial majority equity investment, unless they constitute a part of the reporting entity per 

GAAP. Even though some of the equity investments are significant, these entities meet the criteria of “bailed out” entities under 

paragraph 50 of Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts (SFFAC) No. 2, Entity and Display, which directs that such 

“bailout” investments should not be consolidated into the Financial Report of the U.S. government, either in part or as a whole. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

56

B. BASIS OF ACCOUNTING AND PRESENTATION

The financial statements have been prepared from the accounting records of the Department in conformity with accounting 

principles generally accepted in the United States for federal entities, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular 

No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements, as revised. Accounting principles generally accepted for federal entities are the 

standards prescribed by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). FASAB is recognized by the American 

Institute of Certified Public Accountants as the official accounting standards-setting body for the U.S. government. 

These financial statements consist of the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost, the Consolidated 

Statements of Changes in Net Position, the Combined Statements of Budgetary Resources, and the Statements of Custodial 

Activity. The statements and the related notes are prepared in a comparative form to present both fiscal years 2014 and 2013 

information. 

To provide additional clarity to its financial statements, the Department has presented additional financial statement line items on 

the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position than are required by the guidance in 

OMB Circular No. A-136. The following summarizes how the Department's additional financial statement line items relate to the 

financial statement guidelines of the OMB Circular No. A-136. For the Consolidated Balance Sheets: (i) Advances to the 

Unemployment Trust Fund and Due From the General Fund represent other intra-governmental assets; (ii) Gold and Silver 

Reserves and the Reserve Position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) represent other monetary assets; (iii) Loans and 

Interest Receivable represents other assets; (iv) Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest and Due To the 

General Fund represent other intra-governmental liabilities; (v) Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest, 

Certificates Issued to the Federal Reserve, Allocation of Special Drawing Rights, Gold Certificates Issued to the Federal Reserve, 

Refunds Payable, and the D.C. Federal Pensions and Judicial Retirement Actuarial Liability represent other liabilities. For the 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position, the financial statement line items - Accrued Interest and Discount on Debt, 

Accrued Interest on Restoration of Federal Debt Principal, and Transfers to the General Fund and Other - represent other nonexchange financing sources.

Transactions and balances among the Department’s entities have been eliminated from the Consolidated Balance Sheets, the 

Consolidated Statements of Net Cost, and the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position. The Statements of Budgetary

Resources are presented on a combined basis; therefore, intra-departmental transactions and balances have not been eliminated 

from these statements. 

While these financial statements have been prepared from the accounting records of the Department in accordance with the 

formats prescribed by OMB, these financial statements are in addition to the financial reports used to monitor and control 

budgetary resources which are prepared from the same accounting records. 

Intra-governmental assets and liabilities are those due from or to other federal entities. Intra-governmental earned revenues are 

collections or accruals of revenue from other federal entities, and intra-governmental costs are payments or accruals of 

expenditures to other federal entities. 

The financial statements should be read with the realization that the Department is a component of the U.S. government, a 

sovereign entity and, accordingly, its liabilities not covered by budgetary resources cannot be liquidated without the legislative 

enactment of an appropriation, and that the payment of all liabilities other than for contracts can be abrogated by the sovereign 

entity. Liabilities represent the probable and measurable future outflow or other sacrifice of resources as a result of past

transactions or events. Liabilities covered by budgetary resources are those liabilities for which Congress has appropriated funds 

or funding is otherwise available to pay amounts due. Liabilities not covered by budgetary or other resources represent amounts 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

57

owed in excess of available, congressionally appropriated funds or other amounts, and there is no certainty that the appropriations 

will be enacted. 

Certain fiscal year 2013 activity and balances presented on the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 

presentation in the current year, the effects of which are immaterial. In fiscal year 2014, the Department realigned certain of its 

program costs as reported on its Consolidated Statements of Net Cost to conform to changes in the Department’s strategic goals. 

Corresponding costs reported for the prior fiscal year were reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

There are numerous acronyms used throughout the notes herein as well as other sections of this Agency Financial Report (AFR). 

Refer to the “Glossary of Acronyms” located in the Appendix of this report for a complete listing of these acronyms and their 

definitions. 

C. FUND BALANCE

The Fund Balance is the aggregate amount of the Department’s accounts with the U.S. government’s central accounts from which 

the Department is authorized to make expenditures and pay liabilities. It is an asset because it represents the Department’s claim 

to the U.S. government’s resources. Fund balance is not equivalent to unexpended appropriations because it also includes nonappropriated revolving and enterprise funds, suspense accounts, and custodial funds such as deposit funds, special funds, and trust 

funds. 

D. LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE, INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL

Intra-governmental entity loans and interest receivable from other federal agencies represent the principal and related interest 

receivable on loans issued by the Department, through FFB. No loan loss allowance or credit reform subsidy costs are recorded for 

loans purchased from federal agencies or for guaranteed loans made to non-federal borrowers because the outstanding balances 

(interest and principal) are guaranteed by those agencies. 

Intra-governmental non-entity loans and interest receivable from other federal agencies represent the principal and related interest 

receivable on loans issued by the Department, through the Fiscal Service. The Department acts as an intermediary issuing these 

loans because the agencies receiving these loans lend these funds to third parties to carry out various programs of the U.S. 

government. Because of the Department’s intermediary role in issuing these loans, the Department does not record a loan loss

allowance related to these non-entity intra-governmental loans. Instead, loan loss allowances and subsidy costs are recognized by 

the ultimate lender, the federal agency that issued the loans to the public. Interest revenue on intra-governmental loans is accrued 

when earned. 

E. ADVANCES TO THE UNEMPLOYMENT TRUST FUND

Advances are issued to the Department of Labor’s (DOL) Unemployment Trust Fund from the General Fund for states to pay 

unemployment benefits. The Fiscal Service accounts for the advances issued on behalf of the General Fund. As outlined in the 

United States Code (USC) 42 USC §1323, these advances bear an interest rate that is computed as the average interest rate as of the 

end of the calendar month preceding the issuance date of the advance for all interest-bearing obligations of the United States that 

form the public debt, to the nearest lower 1/8 of 1.0 percent. Interest on the advances is due on September 30th of each year. 

Advances are repaid by transfers from the Unemployment Trust Fund to the General Fund when the Secretary, in consultation with 

the Secretary of the DOL, determines that the balance in the Unemployment Trust Fund is adequate to allow repayment.

F. CASH, FOREIGN CURRENCY, AND OTHER MONETARY ASSETS

Substantially all of the Department’s operating cash is non-entity government-wide cash held in depository institutions and 

Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) accounts. Agencies can deposit funds that are submitted to them directly into either a Federal Reserve 
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Treasury General Account (TGA) or a local TGA depositary. The balances in these TGA accounts are transferred into the Federal 

Reserve Bank of New York’s (FRBNY) TGA at the end of each day. 

Operating cash of the U.S. government represents balances from tax collections, customs duties, other revenue, federal debt 

receipts, and other various receipts, net of cash outflows for budget outlays and other payments held in the FRBs and in foreign and 

domestic financial institutions. Outstanding checks net against operating cash until they clear the Federal Reserve System. 

The FRBNY maintains the TGA which functions as the U.S. government’s checking account for deposits and disbursements of 

public funds. Cash in the TGA is restricted for government-wide operations. 

The Department’s foreign currency investments having original maturities of three months or less are classified as cash 

equivalents. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) holdings comprise most of the other monetary assets (refer to the accounting policy 

below entitled “Special Drawing Rights”).

G. INVESTMENTS

Investments in GSEs

The Department holds senior preferred stock and warrants for the purchase of common stock of two GSEs, the Federal National 

Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). These non-federal 

investment holdings are presented at their fair value. Changes in the valuation of these investments are recorded as non-entity 

exchange transactions on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost. Dividends related to these investments are also recorded as 

non-entity exchange transactions, and accrued when declared. 

The GSE Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (SPSPAs), entered into by the Department with each GSE when the GSEs 

were placed under conservatorship, require the Department to increase its investment in the GSEs’ senior preferred stock if, at the 

end of any quarter, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), acting as the conservator, determines that the liabilities of either 

GSE exceed its respective assets. As funding to the GSEs to pay their excess liabilities is appropriated directly to the Department, 

such payments as needed are reported as entity expenses within the Economic Program on the Consolidated Statements of Net 

Cost, and in the line item, Cumulative Results of Operations, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These payments also result in an 

increase to the non-entity investment in the GSEs’ senior preferred stock, with a corresponding increase in Due To the General 

Fund, as the Department holds the investment on behalf of the General Fund. 

Investments in International Financial Institutions

The Department, on behalf of the United States, invests in Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to support poverty reduction, 

private sector development, transitions to market economies, and sustainable economic growth and development, thereby 

advancing U.S. economic, political, and commercial interests abroad. As a participating member country, the Department, on 

behalf of the United States, provides a portion of the capital base of the MDBs, through subscriptions to capital, which allows the 

MDBs to issue loans at market-based rates to middle-income developing countries. These paid-in capital investments are nonmarketable equity investments valued at cost on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In addition, the Department, on behalf of the United States, contributes funding to MDBs to finance grants and extend credit to 

poor countries at below market-based interest rates. These U.S. contributions, also referred to as “concessional window” 

contributions, are reported as an expense within the Economic Program on the Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost. 

Other Investments and Related Interest

The ESF holds most of the Department’s foreign currency investments. The ESF’s other foreign currency denominated assets and 

investment securities are available-for-sale securities recorded at fair value. These holdings are normally invested in interest-
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bearing securities issued or held through foreign governments or monetary authorities. Interest on investments, amortization of 

premiums, and accretion of discounts are recognized on an accrual basis. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over 

the life of the related investment security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method.

H. CREDIT PROGRAM RECEIVABLES

The Department accounts for all of its TARP credit program receivables, including investments in common and preferred stock and 

warrants of public companies, loans, and loan guarantees or guaranty-like insurance activities, under the provisions of credit 

reform accounting pursuant to the Federal Credit Reform Act (FCRA) (refer to Note 7). In addition to its TARP programs, the 

Department accounts for all other of its credit program receivables under the provisions of credit reform accounting, including the 

loans or equity securities associated with the Department’s state and local Housing Finance Agency (HFA) initiative programs,

SBLF program, CDFI program, and certain portions of the Department’s participation in the IMF (refer to Note 11). 

To account for the Department’s TARP and other credit program receivables, the Department applies the accounting provisions of 

Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards (SFFAS) No. 2, Accounting for Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees, as 

amended. SFFAS No. 2, as amended, which was promulgated as a result of FCRA, requires measurement of the asset or liability at 

the net present value of the estimated future cash flows. The cash flow estimates for each credit program transaction reflect the 

actual structure of the instruments. For each of these instruments, the Department estimates cash inflows and outflows related to 

the program over the estimated term of the instrument. Further, each cash-flow estimate reflects the specific terms and conditions 

of the program, technical assumptions regarding the underlying assets, risk of default or other losses, and other factors as 

appropriate. The measurement of assets within these programs is primarily derived from inputs which generally represent market 

data and, when such data is not available, management’s best estimate of how a market participant would assess the risk inherent 

in the asset.

The primary purpose of the FCRA is to measure the cost of federal credit programs, and to place the cost of such credit programs 

on a basis equivalent with other federal spending. FCRA requires that the ultimate costs of a credit program be calculated and the 

budgetary resources be obtained before incurring the direct loan obligations. To accomplish this, the Department first predicts or 

estimates the future performance of direct and guaranteed loans when preparing its annual budget. The data used for these 

budgetary estimates are re-estimated at the fiscal year-end to reflect changes in actual loan performance and actual interest rates in 

effect when the loans were issued. The re-estimated data reflect adjustments for market risks, asset performance, and other key 

variables and economic factors. The re-estimated data is then used to report the cost of the loans disbursed under the direct or 

guaranteed loan program as a “Program Cost” in the Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost. 

Cash flows associated with the Department’s credit programs generally include disbursements, repayments, repurchases, fees, 

recoveries, interest, dividends, proceeds from sales of instruments, borrowings from Treasury, negative subsidy, and the subsidy 

cost received from the program accounts. Security-level data and assumptions used as the basis for cash flow model forecasts and 

program performance are drawn from widely available market sources, as well as information published by investees. Key inputs 

to the cash flow forecasts include:

• Security characteristics such as unpaid principal balance, coupon rate, weighted-average loan age, issued bond balance, credit 

rating, maturity date, principal and interest payment schedules, priority of payments, and performance of underlying collateral

• Department actions, as well as changes in legislation

• Forecast prepayment rates and default rates

• Forecast dividend payments

• Expected escrow conversion and return rates
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• Default and recovery reports published by Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s 

• Other third-party market sources

The recorded subsidy cost associated with each of the Department’s credit programs represents the difference between the 

Department’s projected costs of the program and the future cash flows anticipated to be received by the Department. The subsidy 

allowance specifically takes into consideration projected repayments and defaults and the projected cost of borrowings. The 

allowance is amortized to reflect the difference between projected and actual financing costs. 

The Department’s actions, as well as changes in legislation, may impact estimated future cash flows and related subsidy costs. The 

cost or cost savings of a modification is recognized in subsidy costs when the terms of a program are modified. Workouts are

actions taken to maximize repayments of existing credit programs, and the expected effects on cash flows are included in the 

original estimate and re-estimates of the subsidy cost. Subsidy costs are also impacted by re-estimates which may occur as a result 

of updates to the original program subsidy cost estimates to reflect actual cash flows experience, as well as changes in forecasts of 

estimated future cash flows associated with the credit program.

I. TAXES, INTEREST, AND OTHER RECEIVABLES, NET

Federal taxes receivable, net, and the corresponding liability due to the General Fund, are not accrued until related tax returns are 

filed or assessments are made by the IRS and agreed to by either the taxpayer or the court. Additionally, the prepayments are 

netted against liabilities. Accruals are made to reflect penalties and interest on taxes receivable through the balance sheet date. 

Taxes receivable consist of unpaid assessments (taxes and associated penalties and interest) due from taxpayers. The existence of a 

receivable is supported by a taxpayer agreement, such as filing of a tax return without sufficient payment, or a court ruling in favor 

of the IRS. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded to reflect an estimate of the portion of total taxes receivable deemed to 

be uncollectible. 

Compliance assessments are unpaid assessments which neither the taxpayer nor a court has affirmed the taxpayer owes to the U.S. 

government. Examples include assessments resulting from an IRS audit or examination in which the taxpayer does not agree with 

the results. Compliance assessment write-offs consist of unpaid assessments for which the IRS does not expect further collections 

due to factors such as taxpayers’ bankruptcy, insolvency, or death. Compliance assessments and related write-offs are not reported 

on the balance sheet. Statutory provisions require the accounts to be maintained until the statute for collection expires. 

J. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET

General

Property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) is composed of capital assets used in providing goods or services. It also includes assets 

acquired through capital leases, which are initially recorded at the amount recognized as a liability for the capital lease at its 

inception. PP&E is stated at full cost, including costs related to acquisition, delivery, and installation, less accumulated 

depreciation. Major alterations and renovations, including leasehold and land improvements, are capitalized, while maintenance 

and repair costs are charged to expense as incurred. Costs for construction projects are recorded as construction-in-progress until 

completed, and are valued at actual (direct) cost plus applied overhead and other indirect costs.

Internal-use software encompasses software design, development, and testing of projects adding significant new functionality and 

long-term benefits. Costs for developing internal-use software are accumulated in work-in-development until a project is placed 

into service and testing and final acceptances are successfully completed. Once completed, the costs are transferred to depreciable 

property. 
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The Department leases land and buildings from the General Services Administration (GSA) to conduct most of its operations. Such 

leases do not meet capital lease requirements for financial reporting purposes. GSA charges a standard level user fee which 

approximates commercial rental rates for similar properties. 

The Department’s bureaus are diverse both in size and in operating environment. Accordingly, the Department’s capitalization 

policy provides minimum capitalization thresholds which generally range from $25,000 to $50,000 for all property categories 

except for internal-use software. Minimum capitalization thresholds for internal-use software generally range from $50,000 to 

$250,000 (except for IRS which generally range from $10 million to $50 million). The Department also uses a capitalization 

threshold for bulk purchases which generally ranges from $50,000 to $500,000 for non-manufacturing bureaus, and $25,000 to 

$50,000 for manufacturing bureaus. Bureaus determine the individual items that comprise bulk purchases based on 

Departmental guidance. 

Depreciation is expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset with the exception of leasehold 

improvements and capital leases. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the term of the lease or the useful life of the

improvement, whichever is shorter. Capital leases are depreciated over the estimated life of the asset or term of the lease, 

whichever is shorter. Service life ranges (2 to 50 years) are wide due to the Department’s diversity of PP&E. Land and land

improvements, construction-in-progress, and internal-use software in development are not depreciated. 

Heritage Assets

Heritage assets are assets of historical significance. Multi-use heritage assets are those heritage assets for which the predominant 

use is general government operations. All acquisition, reconstruction, and betterment costs for the Treasury multi-use heritage 

asset buildings are capitalized as general PP&E and depreciated over their service life. 

K. FEDERAL DEBT AND INTEREST PAYABLE

Debt and associated interest are reported on the accrual basis of accounting. Interest costs are accrued as expense when incurred 

and are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost as non-entity costs. Certain Treasury securities are issued at a

discount or premium. These discounts and premiums are amortized over the term of the security using an interest method for all 

long-term securities and the straight-line method for short-term securities. 

L. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Department, through FFB, makes loan commitments with federal agencies, or private sector borrowers whose loans are 

guaranteed by federal agencies, to extend credit for their own use (refer to the accounting policy above entitled “Loans and Interest 

Receivable, Intra-Governmental”). The Department establishes loan commitments when the Department and other parties fully 

execute promissory notes in which the Department becomes obligated to issue such loans immediately or at some future date. The 

Department reduces loan commitments when it issues the loans or when the commitments expire. Most obligations of the 

Department give a borrower the contractual right to a loan or loans immediately or at some point in the future within an agreed 

upon timeframe. 

The Department, on behalf of the United States, subscribes to capital for certain MDBs, portions of which are capital commitments 

which are callable under certain limited circumstances to meet the obligations of the respective MDB. The capital commitments 

become binding on the United States when the Department issues instruments of subscription stating its intention to subscribe to 

the U.S. portion of callable capital, subject to the amounts provided for in appropriations acts. Additionally the Department, on 

behalf of the United States, participates in the IMF through certain borrowing arrangements that supplement IMF resources.
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In accordance with SFFAS No. 5, Accounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government, the Department recognizes material 

contingent liabilities when the following criteria are met:

• A past event or exchange transaction has occurred

• A future cash outflow is probable

• A future cash outflow is measurable

The estimated liability recorded by the Department is either a specific amount or within a range of amounts. If some amount 

within the range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount is recognized. If no amount within the 

range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount in the range is recognized, and the range and a description 

of the nature of the contingency are disclosed. The Department follows this policy in recording a contingent liability, if any, related 

to the GSE SPSPA program (refer to Note 8), and loss contingencies that may arise from claims, assessments, litigations, fines, 

penalties, and other sources (refer to Note 27).

If one or more, but not all, of the above criteria for recognition are met, and there is a reasonable possibility of loss, the Department 

will disclose, if material, the nature of the contingent liability, along with a range of possible loss, if estimable, and a description of 

the nature of the contingency. 

M. SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS

The SDR is an international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement its member countries’ official reserves. Under its 

Articles of Agreement, the IMF may allocate SDRs to member countries in proportion to their IMF quotas. Pursuant to the Special 

Drawing Rights Act of 1968, as amended, the ESF holds all SDRs allocated to or otherwise acquired by the United States. 

Allocations and Holdings

The Department records the SDR holdings as part of “Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets,” and the SDR 

allocations as the “Allocation of Special Drawing Rights” liability when the IMF allocates SDRs to the Department. The liabilities 

represent the amount that is payable in the event of liquidation of, or withdrawal by the United States from, the SDR department of 

the IMF or cancellation of the SDRs.

SDR holdings increase primarily as a result of IMF SDR allocations. SDR transactions are recorded as incurred. They include 

acquisitions and sales of SDRs, interest received on SDR holdings, interest charges on SDRs allocations, and valuation 

adjustments. The U.S. government receives remuneration in SDRs from the IMF based on claims on the IMF as represented by the 

U.S. Reserve Position. The remuneration is credited to the ESF which transfers to either the TGA or a specified financing account 

an equivalent amount of dollars plus nominal interest. The allocations and holdings are revalued monthly based on the SDR 

valuation rate as calculated by the IMF, resulting in the recognition of unrealized gains or losses on revaluation that are reported 

on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost.

Certificates Issued to the Federal Reserve

The Special Drawing Rights Act of 1968 authorizes the Secretary to issue certificates, not to exceed the value of SDR holdings, to 

the FRB in return for dollar amounts equal to the face value of certificates issued. The certificates may be issued to finance the 

acquisition of SDRs from other countries or to provide U.S. dollar resources to finance other ESF operations. Certificates issued 

are redeemed by the Department at such times and in such amounts as the Secretary may determine, and do not bear interest. 

Certificates issued to the FRB are reported at their face value which approximates their carrying value since, under the terms of the 

agreement, there is no set repayment date and no interest accrued while certificates remain outstanding.
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N. REFUNDS PAYABLE

Refunds payable arise in the normal course of tax administration when it is determined that taxpayers have paid more than the

actual taxes they owe. Amounts that the Department has concluded to be valid refunds owed to taxpayers are recorded as a liability 

entitled “Refunds Payable” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding receivable from the General Fund included in 

the line entitled “Due From the General Fund.”

O. FEDERAL EMPLOYEE BENEFITS PAYABLE – FECA ACTUARIAL LIABILITY

The Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA) provides income and medical cost protection to covered federal civilian 

employees injured on the job, and employees who have incurred a work-related injury or occupational disease. The FECA program 

is administered by the DOL which pays valid claims and subsequently seeks reimbursements from the Department for these paid 

claims. Generally, the Department reimburses the DOL within two to three years once funds are appropriated. The FECA liability 

consists of two components. The first component is based on actual claims paid by the DOL but not yet reimbursed by the 

Department. The second component is the estimated liability for future workers compensation as a result of past events. Both 

components are reported in “Other Liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These future workers’ compensation estimates 

are generated by applying actuarial procedures developed to estimate the liability for FECA benefits. The actuarial liability 

estimates for FECA benefits include the expected liability for death, disability, medical, and miscellaneous costs for approved 

compensation cases. 

P. ANNUAL, SICK, AND OTHER LEAVE

Annual and compensatory leave earned by the Department’s employees, but not yet used, is reported as an accrued liability. The 

accrued balance is adjusted annually to reflect current pay rates. Any portion of the accrued leave for which funding is not

available is recorded as an unfunded liability as reported in “Other Liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sick and other 

leave are expensed as taken, and the Department does not record a liability for such amounts because employees do not vest in sick 

and other leave benefits. 

Q. PENSION COSTS, OTHER RETIREMENT BENEFITS, AND OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

Federal Pension Costs, Other Retirement Benefits, and Other Post-Employment Benefits

The Department recognizes the full costs of its employees’ pension benefits, including recognizing imputed costs for the difference 

between the estimated service cost and the contributions made by the Department. However, the assets and liabilities associated 

with these benefits are recognized by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) rather than the Department. 

Most employees of the Department hired prior to January 1, 1984, participate in the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), to 

which the Department contributes between 7.0 percent and 7.5 percent of pay. On January 1, 1987, the Federal Employees’ 

Retirement System (FERS) went into effect pursuant to Public Law (P.L.) 99-335. Employees hired after December 31, 1983 are 

automatically covered by FERS and Social Security. A primary feature of FERS is that it offers a savings plan to which the 

Department automatically contributes one percent of base pay and matches any employee contributions up to an additional four 

percent of base pay. For most employees hired after December 31, 1983, the Department also contributes the employer’s matching 

share for Social Security. For the FERS basic benefit, the Department contributes 11.9 percent for regular FERS employees.

Similar to federal retirement plans, OPM, rather than the Department, reports the assets and liability for future payments to retired 

employees who participate in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) and Federal Employees Group Life 

Insurance (FEGLI) Program. The Department reports the full cost of providing other retirement benefits (ORB). The Department 

also recognizes an expense and a liability for other post-employment benefits (OPEB), which includes all types of benefits, provided 
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to former or inactive (but not retired) employees, their beneficiaries, and covered dependents. Additionally, one of the 

Department’s bureaus, OCC, separately sponsors a defined life insurance benefit plan for current and retired employees, and is the 

administrator for a private defined benefit retirement plan, the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan (PDBP), that provides certain health 

and life insurance benefits for certain of its retired employees who meet eligibility requirements. 

District of Columbia Federal Pensions and Judicial Retirement Plans

Pursuant to Title XI of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, as amended, the Department became responsible for certain District of 

Columbia (D.C.) retirement plans (refer to Note 18). The actuarial cost method used to determine costs and actuarial liability for 

the retirement plans is the Individual Entry Age Normal Funding Method, which approximates the methodology specified by the

Aggregate Entry Age Normal Actuarial Cost Method. The actuarial liability is based upon long-term economic assumptions. The 

pension benefit costs incurred by the plans are included on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost.

The economic assumptions used for the D.C. Federal Pensions and Judicial retirement plans differ from those used by the OPM for 

the following reasons: (i) the annual rate of salary increase assumptions are based on different plan member experience; (ii) the 

annual rate of inflation and cost-of-living adjustment assumptions are based on different statutory requirements (applicable 

Consumer Price Index and period of calculation); and (iii) for the annual rate of investment return assumption, OPM and the D.C. 

Federal Pensions and Judicial retirement plans use the same underlying yield curve but, unlike the D.C. Federal Pension Funds, 

OPM converts to a single equivalent rate.

R. REVENUE AND FINANCING SOURCES

The Department’s activities are financed either through exchange revenue it receives from others or through non-exchange revenue 

and financing sources (such as appropriations provided by the Congress and penalties, fines, and certain user fees collected). User 

fees primarily include collections from the public for the IRS costs to process installment agreements and accompanying photocopy 

and reproduction charges. Exchange revenues are recognized when earned; i.e., goods are delivered or services are rendered. 

Revenue from reimbursable agreements is recognized when the services are provided. Non-exchange revenues are recorded when 

received or accrued when the Department has a legal claim through the respective collecting bureau. Appropriations used are 

recognized as financing sources when related expenses are incurred or assets are purchased. 

The Department also incurs certain costs that are paid in total or in part by other federal entities, such as pension costs, the 

FEHBP, and any un-reimbursed payments made from the Treasury Judgment Fund on behalf of the Department. These 

subsidized costs are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost, and the imputed financing for these costs is recognized 

on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position. As a result, there is no effect on net position. Other non-exchange 

financing sources, such as donations and transfers of assets without reimbursements, are also recognized for the period in which 

they occurred on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position. 

The Department recognizes revenue it receives from disposition of forfeited property as non-exchange revenue on the Consolidated 

Statements of Changes in Net Position. The costs related to the Forfeiture Fund program are reported on the Consolidated 

Statements of Net Cost. The Treasury Forfeiture Fund is the special fund account for depositing non-tax forfeiture proceeds 

received pursuant to laws enforced or administered by law enforcement bureaus that participate in the Treasury Forfeiture Fund. 

Forfeited property balances are reported in “Other Assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

S. CUSTODIAL REVENUES

Non-entity revenue reported on the Department’s Statements of Custodial Activity includes cash collected by the Department, 

primarily from taxes. It does not include revenue collected by other federal agencies, such as user fees and other receipts, which 

are remitted for general operating purposes of the U.S. government or are dedicated for certain trust funds. The Statements of 
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Custodial Activity are presented on the “modified accrual basis.” The Department recognizes revenues as cash is collected, and 

records a “non-cash accrual adjustment” representing the net increase or decrease during the reporting period in net revenuerelated assets and liabilities, mainly taxes receivable. 

T. APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHER BUDGETARY ACTIVITY

Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources Activity

Appropriations are recorded when authorized by legislation. Incurred obligations of appropriations are recorded when the 

Department places an order or signs a contract for goods and services, awards a grant, or takes other actions that require the 

Department to make payments to the public or another federal entity. Outlays are recorded when disbursements are made. 

Permanent and Indefinite Appropriations

Permanent and indefinite appropriations are used to disburse tax refunds, income tax credits, and child tax credits. Refund 

payment funding is recognized as appropriations are used. Permanent indefinite authority for refund activity is available for an 

indefinite period of time in the amount necessary to cover the refund and/or credit. Tax refunds and credits are reported as a 

custodial activity of the Department, since they are, in substance, a custodial revenue-related activity resulting from taxpayer 

overpayments of their tax liabilities. 

The Department also has two permanent and indefinite appropriations related to debt activity. One is used to pay interest on the 

public debt securities; the other is used to redeem securities that are matured, called, or eligible for early redemption. These 

accounts are not annual appropriations and do not have refunds. Debt redemption appropriations are related to the Department’s 

liability and are reported on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest appropriations are recorded at the beginning 

of the fiscal year and again at mid-year, if necessary, and any unused authority is returned to the General Fund at the end of the 

fiscal year. Permanent indefinite authority for debt redemptions and related interest is available for an indefinite period of time. 

The Department also has permanent and indefinite appropriations to fund increases in the projected subsidy costs of credit 

programs as determined by the re-estimation process required by the FCRA. The Department’s renewable energy project is also 

covered by permanent indefinite appropriations.

Additionally, the Department has other permanent and indefinite appropriations to make certain payments on behalf of the U.S.

government. These appropriations are provided to make payments to the FRB for fiscal services provided, and to the financial 

institutions for services provided as financial agents of the U.S. government. They also include appropriations provided to make 

other disbursements on behalf of the U.S. government, including payments made to various parties as a result of certain claims and 

judgments rendered against the United States. 

U. INCOME TAXES

As an agency of the U.S. government, the Department is exempt from all income taxes imposed by any governing body, whether it 

is a federal, state, commonwealth, local, or foreign government. 

V. USE OF ESTIMATES

The Department has made certain estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and 

the disclosure of contingent liabilities to prepare its financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates. It is 

possible that the results of operations, cash flows and/or the financial position of the Department may be materially affected in 

future periods by adverse changes in the outlook for the key assumptions underlying management’s estimates. Significant 

transactions subject to estimates include loan and credit program receivables, credit reform subsidy costs, investments in GSEs and 
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other non-federal securities and related impairment, tax receivables, loan guarantees, depreciation, imputed costs, actuarial 

liabilities, cost and earned revenue allocations, as well as contingencies and any related recognized liabilities. 

The Department accounts for all of its TARP and non-TARP credit program receivables in accordance with credit reform 

accounting (refer to the accounting policy above entitled “Credit Program Receivables,” and Notes 7 and 11). These receivables are 

derived using credit reform modeling which is subject to the use of estimates and forecasts that have inherent uncertainty. The 

Department recognizes the sensitivity of credit reform modeling to slight changes in certain model assumptions such as general 

economic conditions, specific stock price volatility of the entities in which the Department has an equity interest, estimates of 

expected default, and prepayment rates. The “TARP Credit Program Receivables, Net” line item on the Consolidated Balance 

Sheets is reflective of relatively illiquid, troubled assets whose values are particularly sensitive to future economic conditions and 

other assumptions. 

The Department uses regular review of model factors, statistical modeling, and annual re-estimates to reflect the most accurate 

cost of the credit programs to the U.S. government. The purpose of re-estimates is to update original program subsidy cost 

estimates to reflect actual cash flow experience as well as changes in forecasts of future cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows 

are updated based on actual program performance to date, additional information about the portfolio, additional publicly available 

relevant historical market data on securities performance, revised expectations for future economic conditions, and enhancements 

to cash flow projection methods. 

The Department performs annual calculations, as of September 30, to assess its need for recording an estimated liability in 

accordance with SFFAS No. 5 related to the Department’s funding commitment to the GSEs under the SPSPAs. Liability 

recognition is predicated on the probable future occurrence of an excess of liabilities and minimum capital reserve amounts, as 

defined, over the assets of either GSE at the end of any reporting quarter. The occurrence of future GSE deficits, which ultimately 

determines the Department’s liability to the GSEs, is most sensitive to future changes in the housing price index, as well as to

future changes in guarantee fees received by the GSEs on single family mortgages. 

The annual valuation performed as of September 30 on the preferred stock and warrants comprising the Investments in 

Government Sponsored Enterprises line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets incorporates various forecasts, projections and

cash flow analyses to develop an estimate of the asset’s fair value. A key input into the investment valuation for the senior 

preferred stock is the present value of the projected quarterly dividend payments, and a key input for the warrants is the market 

value of the shares of common stock of the GSEs which are traded on the over-the-counter (OTC) Bulletin Board. The Department 

evaluates the need for adjusting its OTC market-based valuation of the warrants for the effects of significant events occurring after 

the close of the market but before the end of the measurement date. Any changes in valuation, including impairment, are recorded 

and disclosed in accordance with SFFAS No. 7, Accounting for Revenue and Other Financing Sources. Since the valuation is an 

annual process, the change in valuation of the preferred stock and warrants are deemed usual and recurring. Note 8 includes a 

detailed discussion of the results of the asset valuation and estimated liability assessment. 

Estimation of such complex and long-duration receivables, investments, and contingencies is subject to uncertainty. It is possible 

that new developments will adversely impact the value of receivables, investments, and contingencies, as well as ultimate amounts 

required to be funded by the Department. 

W. OTHER-THAN-TEMPORARY IMPAIRMENTS

A decline in the market value (either due to credit, price or currency) of any investment below cost that is deemed to be other-thantemporary is accounted for as an impairment, and the carrying value is reduced to fair value for financial reporting purposes. To 

determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, the Department considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold 
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the investment until a market price recovery, and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable 

outweighs evidence to the contrary. 

X. CREDIT, MARKET AND FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK

Credit risk is the potential, no matter how remote, for financial loss from a failure of a borrower or counterparty to perform in 

accordance with underlying contractual obligations. The Department takes on possible credit risk when it makes direct loans or 

credits to foreign entities or becomes exposed to institutions which engage in financial transactions with foreign countries (refer to 

Note 10). The following programs of the Department entail credit risk: monetary assets held; committed but undisbursed direct 

loans; funding commitment to the GSEs; GSE obligations obtained under the HFA initiative (the New Issue Bond Program and 

Temporary Credit Liquidity Program); investments, loans, and other credit programs of the TARP; non-TARP credit programs 

including the CDFI Fund, SBLF, and certain portions of the Department’s participation in the IMF; and the Terrorism Risk 

Insurance Program. 

The Department’s activities generally focus on the underlying problems in the credit markets. The ongoing instability in those 

markets, coupled with market disruptions resulting from terrorist attacks, exposes the Department to potential costs and losses. 

The extent of the risk assumed by the Department is described in more detail in the notes to the financial statements and, where 

applicable, is factored into credit reform models and reflected in fair value measurements (refer to Notes 7, 8, 11, and 27). 

For Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) programs, the statute requires that budgetary costs of the troubled assets and 

guarantees of troubled assets be calculated by adjusting the discount rate for market risks. Within the TARP programs, the 

Department invested in many assets that would traditionally be held by private investors, and their valuation would inherently 

include market risk. Accordingly, for all TARP direct loans, equity investments, and other credit programs, the Department 

calculates a Market Risk Adjusted Discount Rate (MRADR). The Department’s cost estimates for the TARP programs are adjusted 

to reflect the additional return required by the market to compensate for variability around the expected losses reflected in the cash 

flows. Under SFFAS No. 2, including market risk in the cash flow estimates is consistent with the type of assets being valued. The 

inclusion of the MRADR is the mechanism for deriving a fair value of the assets. As directed by Congress, a MRADR is also used in 

the credit reform model for certain portions of the Department’s participation in the IMF. 

The Department faces certain risks and uncertainties as a result of holding securities denominated in foreign currency. The price 

of holdings of such securities may widely fluctuate as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets and changes in real and 

perceived credit of the Department’s counterparties.

Y. FUNDS FROM DEDICATED COLLECTIONS

The Department accounts for revenues and other financing sources for funds from dedicated collections (FDC) separately from 

other funds. Such funds are financed by specifically identified revenues provided to the U.S. government by non-federal sources, 

often supplemented by federal and other financing sources, which remain available over time. These specifically identified 

revenues and other financing sources are required by statute to be used for designated activities, benefits, or purposes. The 

Department applies the following criteria for purposes of designating funds as dedicated collections: (i) a statute committing the 

U.S. government to use specifically identified revenues and/or other financing sources that are originally provided to the U.S. 

government by a non-federal source only for designated activities, benefits, or purposes; (ii) explicit authority for the fund to retain 

revenues and/or other financing sources not used in the current period for future use to finance the designated activities, benefits, 

or purposes; (iii) a requirement to account for and report on the receipt, use, and retention of the revenues and/or other financing 

sources that distinguishes the fund from the U.S. government’s general revenues; and (iv) for funds comprised of both federal and 
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non-federal sources, such funding is predominantly non-federal, or the non-federal funding is material to the Department’s 

financial statements. 

Z. ALLOCATION TRANSFERS

The Department is a party to allocation transfers with other federal agencies as both a transferring (parent) entity and/or a 

receiving (child) entity. Allocation transfers are legal delegations by one department of its authority to obligate budget authority 

and outlay funds to another department. A separate fund account (allocation account) is created in the U.S. Treasury as a subset of 

the parent fund account for tracking and reporting purposes. All allocation transfers of balances are credited to this account, and 

subsequent obligations and outlays incurred by the child entity are charged to this allocation account as they execute the delegated 

activity on behalf of the parent. Parent federal agencies report both the proprietary and budgetary activity and the child agency 

does not report any financial activity related to budget authority allocated from the parent federal agency to the child federal 

agency. However, OMB guidance requires the child to report the activity when the Department receives allocation transfers, as the 

child, from the Executive Office of the President (See Circular No.A-136, II.4.2, question 5 for three exceptions).

The Department allocates funds, as the parent, to the Department of Energy and Department of Health and Human Services 

(HHS). Also, the Department receives allocation transfers, as the child, from the Agency for International Development, HHS, 

Department of Transportation, Executive Office of the President, and General Services Administration.

AA. FIDUCIARY ACTIVITIES

Fiduciary activities are the collection or receipt, and the management, protection, accounting, investment, and disposition by the 

U.S. government of cash or other assets in which non-Federal individuals or entities have an ownership interest that the U.S.

government must uphold. Fiduciary cash and other assets are not assets of the U.S. government. These activities are not reported 

in the Department’s consolidated financial statements, but instead are reported in Note 26. 

AB. RELATED PARTIES AND OTHER ENTITIES

The primary “related parties” with whom the Department conducts business are other federal agencies, mainly through the normal 

lending activities of the Fiscal Service and the FFB. These activities are disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. 

Additionally, the Secretary serves on the Federal Housing Finance Oversight Board, and consults with the Director of FHFA on 

matters involving Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. This provides the Department an advisory role in the FHFA’s actions as the

conservator for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Department has no transactions with FHFA, but rather transacts directly with

the GSEs. The Department also utilizes the services of the FRBs to execute a variety of transactions on behalf of the Fiscal Service 

and the ESF. Due to the magnitude and variety of services provided, the following provides an overview of the FRBs’ purpose,

governance, and the various services provided on behalf of the Department. 

Federal Reserve System

The Federal Reserve System (FR System) was created by Congress under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. The FR System consists

of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors (Board), the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), and the FRBs. Collectively, the

FR System serves as the nation’s central bank and is responsible for formulating and conducting monetary policy, issuing and 

distributing currency (Federal Reserve Notes), supervising and regulating financial institutions, providing nationwide payments 

systems (including large-dollar transfers of funds, automated clearinghouse (ACH) operations, and check collection), providing 

certain financial services to federal agencies and fiscal principals, and serving as the U.S. government’s bank. Monetary policy 

includes actions undertaken by the FR System that influence the availability and cost of money and credit as a means of helping to 

promote national economic goals. The FR System also conducts operations in foreign markets in order to counter disorderly 

conditions in exchange markets or to meet other needs specified by the FOMC to carry out its central bank responsibilities. The FR 
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System is not included in the federal budget. It is considered an independent central bank, and its decisions are not ratified by the 

executive branch of the U.S. government. 

The Department interacts with the FRBs in a variety of ways, including the following:

• The FRBs serve as the Department’s fiscal agent and depositary, executing banking and other financial transactions on the 

Department’s behalf. The Department reimburses the FRBs for these services, the cost of which is included on the 

Consolidated Statements of Net Costs

• The FRBs hold Treasury and other federal securities in the FRBs’ System Open Market Account (SOMA) for the purpose of 

conducting monetary policy (refer to Note 16)

• The FRBs hold gold certificates issued by the Department in which the certificates are collateralized by gold (refer to Note 6)

• The FRBs hold SDR certificates issued by the Department which are collateralized by SDRs (refer to Notes 5 and 12)

• The FRBs are required by Board policy to transfer their excess earnings to the Department on behalf of the U.S. government 

(refer to Notes 13 and 23) 

The Department also consults with the FR System on matters affecting the economy and certain financial stability activities (refer 

to Notes 7). The above financial activities involving the Department are accounted for and disclosed in the Department’s 

consolidated financial statements. In accordance with SFFAC No. 2, Entity and Display, the FR Systems’ assets, liabilities, and 

operations are not consolidated into the Department’s financial statements.

Federal Reserve System Structure 

The Board is an independent organization governed by seven members who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the 

Senate. The full term of a Board member is 14 years, and the appointments are staggered so that one term expires on January 31 of 

each even-numbered year. The Board has a number of supervisory and regulatory responsibilities for institutions including, 

among others, state-chartered banks that are members of the FR System, bank holding companies, and savings and loan holding 

companies. In addition, the Board has general supervisory responsibilities for the 12 FRBs, and issues currency (Federal Reserve 

Notes) to the FRBs for distribution. 

The FOMC is comprised of the seven Board members and five of the 12 FRB presidents, and is charged with formulating and 

conducting monetary policy primarily through open market operations (the purchase and sale of certain securities in the open 

market), the principal tool of national monetary policy. These operations affect the amount of reserve balances available to

depository institutions, thereby influencing overall monetary and credit conditions. The 12 FRBs are chartered under the Federal 

Reserve Act, which requires each member bank to own the capital stock of its FRB. Supervision and control of each FRB is 

exercised by a board of directors, of which three are appointed by the Board of Governors of the FR System, and six are elected by 

their member banks. 

The FRBs participate in formulating and conducting monetary policy, distribute currency and coin, and serve as fiscal agents for 

the Department, other federal agencies and fiscal principals. Additionally, the FRBs provide short-term loans to depository 

institutions and loans to participants in programs or facilities with broad-based eligibility in unusual and crucial circumstances 

when approved by the Board. 

Federal Reserve System Assets and Liabilities

The FRBs hold Treasury and other securities in the SOMA for the purpose of conducting monetary policy. Treasury securities held 

by the FRBs totaled $1.9 trillion at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively (refer to Note 16). These assets are generally subject 

to the same market (principally interest-rate) and credit risks as other financial instruments. In the open market, the FR System 

purchases and sells Treasury securities as a mechanism for controlling the money supply. 
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The FRBs have deposit liabilities with Treasury and depository institutions. The FRBs issue Federal Reserve Notes, the circulating 

currency of the United States, which are collateralized by the Treasury securities and other assets held by the FRBs. 

Financial and other information concerning the FR System, including financial statements for the Board and the FRBs, may be 

obtained at http://www.federalreserve.gov.

FRB Residual Earnings Transferred to the Department

FRBs generate income from interest earned on securities, reimbursable services provided to federal agencies, and the provision of 

priced services to depository institutions as specified by the Monetary Control Act of 1980. Although the FRBs generate earnings 

from carrying out open market operations, via the earnings on securities held in the SOMA account, their execution of these 

operations is for the purpose of accomplishing monetary policy rather than generating earnings. Each FRB is required by Board 

policy to transfer to the Department its residual (or excess) earnings after providing for the cost of operations, payment of 

dividends, and reservation of an amount necessary to equate surplus with paid-in capital. These residual earnings may vary due to, 

among other things, changes in the SOMA balance levels that may occur in conducting monetary policy. In the event of losses, or a 

substantial increase in capital, an FRB will suspend its payments to the U.S. Treasury until such losses or increases in capital are 

recovered through subsequent earnings. The FRB residual earnings of $99.2 billion and $75.8 billion for fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, are reported as custodial revenues on the Department’s Statements of Custodial 

Activity. They constituted 3.1 percent and 2.6 percent of the Department’s total custodial revenues collected in fiscal years 2014 

and 2013, respectively. “Taxes, Interest and Other Receivables, Net” includes a receivable for FRB’s residual earnings which 

represents the earnings due to the U.S. Treasury as of September 30, but not collected by the U.S. Treasury until after the end of 

the month (refer to Note 13). 
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2. FUND BALANCE 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Fund Balance consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

Appropriated Funds $ 347,180 $ 358,611

Revolving Funds 4,225 7,016

Special Funds 754 1,403

Clearing Funds 446 503

Deposit Funds 74 115

Other Funds (principally Receipt, Suspense, and Trust Funds) 249 172

Total Fund Balance $ 352,928 $ 367,820

Appropriated funds consist of amounts appropriated annually by Congress to fund the operations of the Department. 

Revolving funds are used for continuing cycles of business-like activity in which the fund charges for the sale of products or services 

and uses the proceeds to finance its spending, usually without requirement for annual appropriations. A public enterprise 

revolving fund is an account that is authorized by law to be credited with offsetting collections from the public, and those monies 

are used to finance operations. Also included in revolving funds are the working capital fund and financing funds. The working 

capital fund is a fee-for-service fund established to support operations of components within the Department. The financing funds 

relate to credit reform activities.

Special funds include funds designated for specific purposes, including the disbursement of non-entity monies received in 

connection with the Presidential Election Campaign. Clearing funds represent reconciling differences with the Department’s 

balances as reported in the U.S. government’s central accounts. These fund accounts temporarily hold unidentifiable general, 

special, or trust fund collections that belong to the U.S. government until they are classified to the proper receipt or expenditure 

account by the federal entity. Deposit funds are accounts that record amounts held temporarily by the U.S. government until 

ownership is determined, and include seized cash and other amounts received as an advance that are not accompanied by an order. 

STATUS OF FUND BALANCE 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the status of the fund balance consisted of the following (in millions): 

2014 2013

Unobligated Balance - Available $ 290,299 $ 294,009

Unobligated Balance - Not Available 59,843 76,341

Unpaid Obligations 225,592 233,437

Subtotal 575,734 603,787

Adjustment for Borrowing Authority (99,248) (103,333)

Adjustment for ESF (98,071) (101,777)

Adjustment for IMF (22,931) (28,197)

Adjustment for Intra-Treasury Investments (8,086) (8,334)

Adjustment for Authority Unavailable for Obligations 3,786 3,790

Other Adjustments 1,744 1,884

Total Status of Fund Balance $ 352,928 $ 367,820

Portions of the Unobligated Balance Not Available, as shown on the Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources, include amounts 

appropriated in prior fiscal years that are not available to fund new obligations. However, such amounts may be used for upward 

and downward adjustments for existing obligations in future years. The Unpaid Obligations represent amounts designated for 

payment of goods and services ordered but not received, or goods and services received but for which payment has not yet been

made. 
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Since the following line items do not post to budgetary status accounts, the following adjustments are required to reconcile the 

budgetary status to the non-budgetary Fund Balance as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

• Adjustments for Borrowing Authority – Borrowing authority is in budgetary status reported on the Combined Statement of 

Budgetary Resources but not in the Fund Balance because amounts have not been received

• Adjustments for ESF – ESF investments in Treasury securities (which are eliminated on the Consolidated Balance Sheets), 

foreign investments, SDR holdings, and related balances that meet the criteria for reporting as part of budgetary resources are 

reported on the Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources; however, they are not a component of the Fund Balance as they 

represent invested funds

• Adjustments for IMF – The reserve position in the IMF, loans and interest receivable, and related balances that meet the 

criteria for reporting as part of budgetary resources are reported on the Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources; 

however, they are not a component of the Fund Balance as they represent other monetary assets

• Adjustments for Intra-Treasury Investments – Budgetary resources include Treasury security investments; however, the 

money has been moved from the Fund Balance to Investments, which is eliminated on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

• Adjustment for Authority Unavailable for Obligations – Resources unavailable for obligations reduced the budgetary resources 

reported on the Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources, however, they do not impact the Fund Balance

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department had no budgetary authority in the Fund Balance that was specifically withheld 

from apportionment by the OMB. The balances in non-entity funds; such as certain deposit funds (e.g., seized cash), are being held 

by the Department for the public or for another federal entity, such as the General Fund. Such funds have an offsetting liability 

equal to the Fund Balance. Refer to Note 12 regarding restrictions related to the line of credit held on the U.S. quota in the IMF. 
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3. LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE – INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL 

ENTITY INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL

The Department, through FFB, issues loans to federal agencies for the agencies’ own use or for the agencies to loan to private sector 

borrowers whose loans are guaranteed by the federal agencies. FFB is a wholly-owned Government corporation that operates 

under the general supervision of the Secretary, and has its own broad statutory authority to finance any obligations that are issued, 

sold, or guaranteed by federal agencies. For agencies that have the statutory authority to borrow in the market, but not from 

Treasury through the Fiscal Service (refer to the Non-Entity Intra-Governmental section below), FFB uses its statutory authority to 

make these loans directly to federal agencies. 

FFB also uses its statutory authority to finance direct or indirect federally guaranteed obligations which, as a matter of longstanding Federal credit policy, is the least expensive and most efficient method of financing these credit-risk obligations when 

compared to private sector lendor financing. When a federal agency has to honor its guarantee because a private sector borrower 

defaults, the federal agency that guaranteed the loan must obtain an appropriation or use other resources to repay the FFB. 

All principal and interest on FFB loans to federal agencies and private sector borrowers are, or have a commitment to be, backed by 

the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The Department has not recognized any credit-related losses on its loans, nor has 

the Department recorded an allowance for uncollectible intra-governmental loans. 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, entity intra-governmental loans (issued by the FFB) and interest receivable consisted of the 

following (in millions): 

Loans Interest 2014 Loans Interest 2013

Receivable Receivable Total Receivable Receivable Total

Department of Agriculture $ 42,725 $ 23 $ 42,748 $ 40,638 $ 22 $ 40,660

United States Postal Service(1) 15,000 47 15,047 15,000 49 15,049

Department of Energy 14,770 60 14,830 14,034 52 14,086

General Services Administration - - - 1,733 31 1,764

Department of Education 1,267 10 1,277 1,133 8 1,141

Other Agencies 5 - 5 86 - 86

Total Entity Intra-governmental $ 73,767 $ 140 $ 73,907 $ 72,624 $ 162 $ 72,786

(1) The United States Postal Service (USPS) experienced an operating deficit in both fiscal years 2014 and 2013. The Department, Congress,

and other stakeholders are aware of the current and long-term financial issues of the USPS. Congress is considering legislative

solutions for returning the USPS to financial stability. 
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NON-ENTITY INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL 

The Department, through the Fiscal Service, accounts for and reports on the principal borrowings from and repayments to the 

General Fund for various funds managed by other federal agencies, as well as the related interest due to the General Fund. These 

federal agencies are statutorily authorized to borrow from the General Fund, through the Fiscal Service, to make loans for a broad 

range of purposes, such as education, housing, farming, and small business support. 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, non-entity intra-governmental loans (issued by the Fiscal Service) and interest receivable due 

to the General Fund consisted of the following (in millions):

Loans Interest 2014 Loans Interest 2013

Receivable Receivable Total Receivable Receivable Total

Department of Education $ 965,394 $ - $ 965,394 $ 851,295 $ - $ 851,295

Department of Agriculture 68,718 2 68,720 61,777 1 61,778

Department of Housing & Urban

 Development 27,661 - 27,661 26,079 - 26,079

Department of Homeland Security 24,081 - 24,081 24,076 - 24,076

Export Import Bank of the U.S. 21,634 - 21,634 18,102 - 18,102

Department of Transportation 8,185 - 8,185 6,958 - 6,958

Small Business Administration 7,756 - 7,756 8,088 - 8,088

Department of Labor 5,872 - 5,872 6,027 - 6,027

Department of Energy 4,452 25 4,477 3,967 26 3,993

Railroad Retirement Board 3,532 41 3,573 3,587 42 3,629

Overseas Private Investment

 Corporation 2,807 - 2,807 2,293 - 2,293

National Credit Union Administration 2,600 1 2,601 4,725 2 4,727

Department of Defense 1,392 - 1,392 1,175 - 1,175

Department of Commerce 1,312 - 1,312 576 - 576

Other Agencies 2,227 - 2,227 1,977 - 1,977

Total Non-Entity Intra-

 governmental $ 1,147,623 $ 69 $ 1,147,692 $ 1,020,702 $ 71 $ 1,020,773

Total Intra-governmental Loans

 and Interest Receivable (Entity 

 and Non-Entity) $ 1,221,390 $ 209 $ 1,221,599 $ 1,093,326 $ 233 $ 1,093,559
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4. DUE FROM THE GENERAL FUND AND DUE TO THE GENERAL FUND

The General Fund consists of assets and liabilities used to finance the daily and long-term operations of the U.S government, as a 

whole. It also includes accounts used in the management of the Budget of the U.S. government. 

General Fund assets, such as loans and interest receivable, cash, and investments in the GSEs, are held and managed by the 

Department on behalf of the U.S. government, and constitute resources available to meet the operating needs of the U.S. 

government. These Department-managed assets are separately reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding 

amount reported as Due To the General Fund that represents a liability to reflect assets owed by the Department to the General 

Fund. 

General Fund liabilities, primarily federal debt and liability for restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest, are obligations of 

the U.S. government. These Department-managed liabilities are separately reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a 

corresponding amount reported as Due From the General Fund that represents a receivable, or future funds required of the 

General Fund to repay borrowings from the public and other federal agencies. 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the General Fund liabilities owed by the Department exceeded the assets held on behalf of the 

General Fund by $16.4 trillion and $15.7 trillion, respectively. This represents the amount needed by the U.S. government, through 

a combination of future tax collections and/or continued borrowing from the public and federal agencies to meet its obligations.

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Due From the General Fund included the following non-entity assets (in millions):

Liabilities Requiring Funding from the General Fund 2014 2013

Federal Debt and Interest Payable - Held by the Public (Note 16) $ 12,809,423 $ 12,003,030

Federal Debt and Interest Payable - Intra-governmental (Note 16) 5,104,620 4,837,436

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest - Due to the 

 Public (Note 16) - 120,356

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest - Intra-

 governmental (Note 16) - 128,272

Refunds Payable (Note 23) 4,723 2,914

Adjustment for Eliminated Liabilities 31,083 31,349

Total Due From the General Fund $ 17,949,849 $ 17,123,357

The Adjustment for Eliminated Liabilities principally represents investments in U.S. government securities held by the 

Department’s reporting entities that were eliminated against Federal Debt and Interest Payable Intra-governmental.
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As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Due To the General Fund included the following non-entity liabilities (in millions):

Assets to be Distributed to the General Fund 2014 2013

Fund Balance $ 540 $ 434

Loans and Interest Receivable - Intra-governmental (Note 3) 1,147,692 1,020,773

Advances to the Unemployment Trust Fund 20,824 29,696

Cash Due to the General Fund (Held by the Department) (Note 5) 153,532 82,865

Accounts Receivable - Intra-governmental 500 362

Foreign Currency 49 60

Custodial Gold without certificates and Silver held by the U.S. Mint 25 25

Investments in Government Sponsored Enterprises (Note 8) 95,810 140,221

Credit Reform Downward Subsidy Re-estimates 1,490 8,213

Loans and Interest Receivable 71 88

Taxes and Other Non-Entity Receivables Due to General Fund 42,295 38,519

Adjustment for Eliminated Assets 77,123 96,167

Total Due To the General Fund $ 1,539,951 $ 1,417,423

The assets to be distributed to the General Fund do not represent all of the non-entity assets managed by the Department. Refer to Note 15 for all 

non-entity assets held by the Department. 

The Fund Balance reported above represents the non-entity funds held by the Department on behalf of the General Fund. It is used 

to administer programs such as the Presidential Election Campaign and payments for Legal Services Corporation and thus not 

available for general use by the Department. 

Advances have been issued from the General Fund to the DOL’s Unemployment Trust Fund to disburse to states for unemployment 

benefits. The Department transfers repayment of these advances to the General Fund.

The non-entity Credit Reform Downward Subsidy Re-estimates result from changes in forecasted future cash flows of the equity 

investments and direct loans under the Department’s TARP and non-TARP credit programs (refer to Note 1H and 1V). 

Taxes and Other Non-Entity Receivables Due to General Fund primarily represents IRS-related federal taxes receivable (refer to 

Note 13).

The Adjustment for Eliminated Assets principally represents loans and interest payable owed by the Treasury reporting entities, 

which were eliminated against Loans and Interest Receivable Intra-governmental held by the Fiscal Service.
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5. CASH, FOREIGN CURRENCY, AND OTHER MONETARY ASSETS

Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets held as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 were as follows (in millions): 

2014 2013

Entity:

Cash $ 84 $ 69

Foreign Currency and Foreign Currency Denominated Assets 4,438 10,125

Other Monetary Assets:

 Special Drawing Right Holdings 53,154 54,972

 U.S. Dollars Held in Cash by the IMF 140 132

Total Entity 57,816 65,298

Non-Entity:

Operating Cash of the U.S. government 153,202 82,742

Foreign Currency 49 60

Miscellaneous Cash Held by All Treasury Reporting Entities 801 406

Total Non-Entity 154,052 83,208

Total Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets $ 211,868 $ 148,506

Non-entity operating and other miscellaneous cash due to the General Fund which was held by the Department consisted of the 

following as of September 30, 2014 and 2013(in millions): 

2014 2013

Operating Cash - FRB Account $ 158,302 $ 88,386

Outstanding Checks (5,100) (5,644)

Total Operating Cash of the U.S. government 153,202 82,742

Miscellaneous Cash 413 192

Subtotal 153,615 82,934

Amounts Due to the Public (83) (69)

Total Cash Due to the General Fund (Note 4) $ 153,532 $ 82,865

ENTITY

Entity cash, foreign currency, and other monetary assets principally include foreign currency, foreign currency denominated assets 

(FCDAs), and SDRs. These assets are valued as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 using current exchange rates plus accrued 

interest. 

Foreign Currency Denominated Assets 

FCDA holdings are normally invested in interest-bearing securities issued by or held through foreign governments or monetary 

authorities. FCDA holdings include securities whereby the FRBNY, on behalf of the ESF, enters into transactions to purchase 

foreign-currency-denominated government-debt securities. These government-debt securities are under agreements to resell for 

which the accepted collateral is the debt instruments, denominated in euros, and is issued or guaranteed in full by European 

governments. These agreements are subject to daily margining requirements. FCDAs with original maturities of three months or 

less, including securities purchased under agreement to resell, were valued at $4.4 billion and $10.1 billion as of September 30, 

2014 and 2013, respectively. 

Special Drawing Rights

The SDR is an international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement existing reserve assets. The IMF has allocated new 

SDRs on several occasions to members participating in the IMF’s SDR department. The SDR derives its value as a reserve asset 

essentially from the commitments of participants to hold and accept SDRs and to honor various obligations connected with their 
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proper functioning as a reserve asset. Pursuant to the Special Drawing Rights Act of 1968, as amended, the Department issued 

certificates to the Federal Reserve, valued at $5.2 billion which were reported as a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. The certificates were issued to finance the ESF’s acquisition of SDRs from other countries or to 

provide U.S. dollar resources for financing other ESF operations. 

On a daily basis, the IMF calculates the value of the SDR using the market value in terms of the U.S. dollar from weighted amounts 

of each of four freely usable currencies, as defined by the IMF. These currencies are the U.S. dollar, the European euro, the 

Japanese yen, and the British pound sterling. The U.S. SDR holdings (assets resulting from various SDR-related activities 

including remuneration on the U.S. reserve position) and allocations from the IMF (liabilities of the United States coming due only 

in the event of a liquidation of, or the United States’ withdrawal from, the SDR department of the IMF, or cancellation of SDRs) are 

revalued monthly based on the SDR valuation rate calculated by the IMF.

Pursuant to the IMF Articles of Agreement, SDR holdings and allocations acquired by the United States are permanent resources or 

liabilities unless:

• cancelled by the Board of Governors pursuant to an 85.0 percent majority decision of the total voting power of IMF 

members;

• the SDR department of the IMF is liquidated;

• the IMF is liquidated; or

• the United States chooses to withdraw from the IMF or terminate its participation in the SDR department

Except for the payment of interest and charges on SDR allocations to the United States, the payment of the U.S. commitment 

related to SDR allocations is conditional on events listed above, in which the United States has a substantial or controlling voice. 

The United States has received no SDR allocations since 2009.

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the total amount of SDR holdings of the United States was the equivalent of $53.2 billion and 

$55.0 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the total value of SDR allocations to the United States was the 

equivalent of $52.4 billion and $54.2 billion, respectively.

NON-ENTITY

Non-entity cash, foreign currency, and other monetary assets principally include the Operating Cash of the U.S. government which 

is managed by the Department. Also included is foreign currency maintained by various U.S. disbursing offices, miscellaneous

cash such as seized monetary instruments, undistributed cash, and offers in compromises which are maintained as a result of the 

Department’s tax collecting responsibilities. 

The Operating Cash of the U.S. government represents balances from tax collections, other revenues, federal debt receipts, and 

other receipts, net of checks outstanding, which are held in the FRBNY. Operating Cash of the U.S. government is either insured by 

the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (for balances up to $250,000 as of September 30, 2014 and 2013), or 

collateralized by securities pledged by the depository institutions and held by the FRB. 
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6. GOLD AND SILVER RESERVES, AND GOLD CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO 

THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS

The Department, through the Mint, is responsible for safeguarding most of the U.S. government’s gold and all of the silver reserves 

in accordance with 31 USC §5117; a smaller portion of the gold is in the custody of the FRBs. 

The gold reserves being held by the Department are partially offset by a liability for gold certificates issued by the Secretary to the 

FRBNY at the statutory rate, as provided in 31 USC §5117. Since 1934, Gold Certificates have been issued in non-definitive or bookentry form to the FRBNY. The Department’s liability incurred by issuing the Gold Certificates, as reported on the Consolidated 

Balance Sheets, is limited to the gold being held by the Department at the statutory value. Upon issuance of Gold Certificates to the 

FRBNY, the proceeds from the certificates are deposited into the operating cash of the U.S. government. All of the Department’s 

certificates issued are payable to the FRBNY. The Mint also holds 100,000 fine troy ounces (FTO) ($4 million at the statutory 

carrying value) of gold reserves without certificates. 

The gold and silver bullion reserve (deep storage and working stock) are reported on the consolidated financial statements at the 

values stated in 31 USC § 5116 – 5117 (statutory rates) which are $42.2222 per FTO of gold and no less than $1.292929292 per FTO 

of silver. Accordingly, the silver is valued at $1.292929292 per FTO. The market values of the gold and silver reserves disclosed 

below are based on the London Gold Fixing. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the values of gold and silver reserves consisted of

the following:

2014

Statutory 2014

Carrying Market Market

Statutory Value Rate Per Value

 FTOs Rate (in millions) FTO (in millions)

Gold 248,046,116 $ 42.2222 $ 10,473 $ 1,216.50 $ 301,748

Gold Held by Federal Reserve Banks 13,452,811 $ 42.2222 568 $ 1,216.50 16,365

Total Gold 261,498,927 11,041 318,113

Silver 16,000,000 $ 1.2929 21 $ 17.11 274

Total Gold and Silver Reserves $ 11,062 $ 318,387

2013

Statutory 2013

Carrying Market Market

Statutory Value Rate Per Value

 FTOs Rate (in millions) FTO (in millions)

Gold 248,046,116 $ 42.2222 $ 10,473 $ 1,326.50 $ 329,033

Gold Held by Federal Reserve Banks 13,452,811 $ 42.2222 568 $ 1,326.50 17,845

Total Gold 261,498,927 11,041 346,878

Silver 16,000,000 $ 1.2929 21 $ 21.68 347

Total Gold and Silver Reserves $ 11,062 $ 347,225
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

80

7. TROUBLED ASSET RELIEF PROGRAM – CREDIT PROGRAM 

RECEIVABLES, NET

The Department has administered a number of programs designed to help stabilize the financial system and restore the flow of 

credit to consumers and businesses. Through TARP, the Department made direct loans and equity investments, and entered into 

other credit programs. TARP’s authority to make new commitments to purchase or guarantee troubled assets expired in October 

2010. Since then, the Department has focused its efforts on winding down the various TARP programs through recoveries of 

investments in the form of repayments, sales, dividends, interest and other income. The Department also continues to implement 

the housing programs under TARP to help struggling homeowners avoid foreclosure. The table below displays the remaining 

TARP assets held as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, by the observability of inputs significant to the measurement of each value

(in millions):

Quoted

Prices for Significant Significant

Identical Observable Unobservable 2014

Program Assets (1) Inputs (2) Inputs (3) Total

Capital Purchase Program $ 106 $ - $ 175 $ 281

Automotive Industry Financing Program 1,483 - - 1,483

Other Programs 38 - 372 410

Total TARP Programs $ 1,627 $ - $ 547 $ 2,174

(1) Measurement is based on direct market quotes for the specific asset, e.g. quoted prices of common stock.

(2) Measurement is primarily derived from market observable data, other than a direct market quote, for the asset. This data could be market quotes for 

similar assets for the same entity.

(3) Measurement is primarily derived from inputs which generally represent management’s best estimate of how a market participant would assess the 

risk inherent in the asset. These unobservable inputs are used because there is little to no direct market activity.

Quoted

Prices for Significant Significant

Identical Observable Unobservable 2013

Program Assets (1) Inputs (2) Inputs (3) Total

Capital Purchase Program $ 125 $ - $ 1,668 $ 1,793

Automotive Industry Financing Program 3,647 11,950 - 15,597

Other Programs 18 - 461 479

Total TARP Programs $ 3,790 $ 11,950 $ 2,129 $ 17,869

See table above for explanations to (1), (2), and (3). 

CAPITAL PURCHASE PROGRAM

TARP implemented the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) in fiscal year 2009 to help stabilize the financial system by providing 

capital to certain viable U.S. financial institutions. The CPP was designed to increase the capacity of those institutions to lend to 

businesses and consumers and support the economy. Under this program, the Department invested a total of $204.9 billion and 

purchased senior perpetual preferred stock and subordinate debentures from qualifying U.S. controlled banks, savings 

associations, and certain bank and savings and loan holding companies (Qualified Financial Institution or QFI). The senior 

preferred stock has a stated dividend rate ranging from 5.0 percent to 9.0 percent. The dividends are cumulative for bank holding 

companies and non-cumulative for others, and are payable when and if declared by the institution’s board of directors. In addition 

to the senior preferred stock, the Department received warrants, with a ten-year term, from public QFIs to purchase a number of 

shares of common stock. Additionally, the Department exercised warrants received from non-public QFIs resulting in additional 

holdings of senior preferred stock (or subordinated debentures as appropriate) of non-public QFIs. 

In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, repayments and sales of CPP investments totaled $1.5 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively. Of these 

CPP investment repayments and sales in fiscal years 2014 and 2013, net proceeds of $289 million and $1.5 billion, respectively, 

resulted from auction sales to the public. Total CPP repayments and sales resulted in net proceeds less than cost of $169 million 

and $493 million in fiscal year 2014 and 2013, respectively. As a result of repayments and sales since this program’s 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

81

implementation in fiscal year 2009, the Department had remaining CPP investments totaling $281 million and $1.8 billion as of 

September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The estimated value of the CPP preferred equity investments is based on the net present values of the expected dividend payments 

and proceeds from repurchases and sales. Inputs to the model include institution specific accounting data obtained from 

regulatory filings, an institution’s stock price volatility, historical bank failure information, as well as market prices of comparable 

securities trading in the market. The market risk adjustment was estimated in 2014 by grouping institutions with similar financial 

performance and applying credit spreads for similar securities, and estimated in 2013 through a calibration process to the market 

value of certain trading securities of financial institutions within the TARP programs or other comparable financial institutions. 

The Department estimates the values and projects the cash flows of warrants using an option-pricing approach based on the 

current stock price and its volatility. Investments in common stock which are exchange traded are valued at the quoted market 

price as of fiscal year end.

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY FINANCING PROGRAM

The Automotive Industry Financing Program (AIFP) was designed to help prevent a significant disruption of the American 

automotive industry, which could have had a negative effect on the economy of the United States.

Ally Financial Inc. (formerly known as GMAC Inc.)

The Department invested a total of $16.3 billion in GMAC Inc. between December 2008 and December 2009 to help support its 

ability to originate new loans to General Motors and Chrysler dealers and consumers, and to help address GMAC’s capital needs. 

In 2010, GMAC changed its corporate name to Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally). As a result of exchanges, conversions, warrant exercises

and sales since the Department’s initial investment in December 2008, the Department held 981,971 (pre-split) shares of Ally 

common stock, representing 73.8 percent of Ally’s outstanding common stock, as of September 30, 2013. The Department also 

held 119 million shares of Ally Series F-2 Mandatorily Convertible Preferred Securities (Series F-2), with a stated dividend rate of 

9.0 percent, which were convertible into at least 513,000 shares of Ally common stock. In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the 

Department received $141 million and $534 million, respectively, in dividends from Ally. 

In November 2013, Ally repurchased all of the Series F-2 preferred stock from the Department for $5.2 billion, and the Department 

received an additional $725 million for the elimination of certain rights under an original agreement, resulting in net proceeds in 

excess of cost of $300 million. During fiscal year 2014, the Department sold 410,000 (pre-split) shares of Ally common stock in 

January 2014, and an additional 113 million (post-split shares) of Ally common stock, for a combined total of $5.8 billion in cash 

proceeds, resulting in net proceeds less than cost of $1.4 billion. The Department’s remaining investment in Ally at September 30, 

2014 consisted of 64.1 million shares of common stock (after considering a 310-for-1 common stock split of Ally common shares in 

April 2014), representing 13.4 percent of Ally’s outstanding common stock. The fair value of the Department's Ally investments 

held was $1.5 billion and $12.0 billion at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The fair value of Ally common stock held at 

September 30, 2014 was based on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) quoted market price. The Ally common stock held at 

September 30, 2013 was valued at the price per share in a related November 2013 Ally private common stock offering. To value the 

preferred stock holdings in Ally at September 30, 2013, the Department considered observable market data from the November 

2013 transactions, discounted to September 30, 2013 at a risk-free discounted rate to reflect the timing of the expected cash flows. 

General Motors Company 

In fiscal year 2009, the Department provided $51.0 billion to General Motors Corporation (Old GM) through various loan 

agreements while Old GM was in bankruptcy. During fiscal year 2009, General Motors Company (New GM) was created and by 

September 30, 2012, through various sales and restructurings of its investment, the Department held 500 million shares of New 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

82

GM common stock, or 31.9 percent of New GM’s total outstanding common shares. Between fiscal years 2013 and 2014, the 

Department sold all 500 million shares of the New GM common stock, of which 399 million shares were sold in fiscal year 2013 for 

$12.0 billion resulting in net proceeds less than cost of $5.4 billion, and the remaining 101 million shares were sold in fiscal year 

2014 for $3.8 billion resulting in net proceeds less than cost of $639 million. The fair value of the New GM common shares held as 

of September 30, 2013 was $3.6 billion, which was based on the NYSE quoted market price as of that date, plus the value of any 

traded but not settled shares. Traded but not settled shares were valued based on the actual trade proceeds. 

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL INITIATIVE PROGRAM

To help unlock the flow of credit to consumers and small businesses, the Department created the Community Development Capital

Initiative (CDCI) program in fiscal year 2010 to provide additional low-cost capital in Community Development Financial 

Institutions (CDFIs) for purposes of encouraging more lending to small businesses. Under the terms of the program, the 

Department purchased senior preferred stock (or subordinated debt) from eligible CDFIs with an initial dividend rate of 2.0 

percent that will increase to 9.0 percent after eight years. The Department invested a total of $570 million in 84 institutions under 

the CDCI. In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the Department received $10 million and $86 million in repayments, respectively. As a 

result of repayments since this program’s implementation in fiscal year 2010, the Department had remaining CDCI investments 

valued at $372 million and $371 million as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Department values the CDCI 

preferred stock investments in a manner broadly analogous to the methodology used to value the preferred stock securities within 

the CPP program. This program is included in the “Other Programs” column of the table within this note.

HOUSING PROGRAMS UNDER TARP (Non-Direct Loan and Equity Investment Program)

Housing programs under TARP are designed to provide stability for both the housing market and homeowners. These programs 

assist homeowners who are experiencing financial hardships to remain in their homes until their financial position improves or 

they relocate to a more sustainable living situation. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department had committed up to 

$38.5 billion for these programs. For fiscal year 2014 and 2013, payments made on behalf of the housing programs under TARP 

totaled $4.3 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, reported within the Economic Program on the Consolidated Statements of Net 

Cost. 

SUMMARY TABLES FOR DIRECT LOAN AND EQUITY INVESTMENT PROGRAMS

The following tables provide the net composition, subsidy cost, modifications and re-estimates, a reconciliation of subsidy cost 

allowances, and the components of the subsidy for each TARP direct loan and equity investment program for the fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. There were no budget execution subsidy rates for fiscal year 2014 and 2013, for the programs listed 

in the table below. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Troubled Asset Relief Program Direct Loans and Equity Investments

Other

As of September 30, 2014 (in millions) CPP AIFP Programs (2) 2014

Direct Loans and Equity Investment Programs:

Direct Loans and Equity Investments Outstanding, Gross $ 625 $ 1,763 $ 465 $ 2,853

Subsidy Cost Allowance (344) (280) (55) (679)

Direct Loans and Equity Investments Outstanding, Net $ 281 $ 1,483 $ 410 $ 2,174

Obligations for Loans and Investments Not Yet Disbursed $ - $ - $ 126 $ 126

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost Allowance: 

Balance, Beginning of Period $ 1,350 $ 4,281 $ (4) $ 5,627

 Interest and Dividend Revenue 88 141 16 245

 Net Proceeds from Sales and Repurchases of Assets in 

 Excess of (Less than) Cost (169) (1,786) 66 (1,889)

 Write-Offs (797) (826) - (1,623)

 Net Interest Income (Expense) on Borrowings from 

 the Fiscal Service and Financing Account Balance (40) (133) (16) (189)

Balance, End of Period, Before Re-estimates 432 1,677 62 2,171

 Subsidy Re-estimates (88) (1,397) (7) (1,492)

Balance, End of Period $ 344 $ 280 $ 55 $ 679

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost: 

 Subsidy Re-estimates (88) (1,397) (7) (1,492)

Total Direct Loans and Equity Investment 

 Programs Subsidy Cost (Income) $ (88) $ (1,397) $ (7) $ (1,492)

Other 

As of September 30, 2013 (in millions) AIG(1) CPP AIFP Programs (3) 2013

Direct Loans and Equity Investment Programs: 

Direct Loans and Equity Investment Outstanding, Gross $ - $ 3,143 $ 19,878 $ 475 $ 23,496

Subsidy Cost Allowance - (1,350) (4,281) 4 (5,627)

Direct Loans and Equity Investments Outstanding, Net $ - $ 1,793 $ 15,597 $ 479 $ 17,869

Obligations for Loans and Investments Not Yet Disbursed $ - $ - $ - $ 984 $ 984

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost Allowance:

Balance, Beginning of Period $ 1,658 $ 2,930 $ 19,706 $ (1,452) $ 22,842

 Subsidy Income for Modifications - - - (55) (55)

 Interest and Dividend Revenue - 262 534 296 1,092

 Net Proceeds from Sales and Repurchases of Assets in 

 Excess of (Less than) Cost (1,679) (493) (5,361) 1,743 (5,790)

 Write-Offs - (104) - (7) (111)

 Net Interest Income (Expense) on Borrowings from 

 the Fiscal Service and Financing Account Balance (11) (105) (412) (84) (612)

Balance, End of Period, Before Re-estimates (32) 2,490 14,467 441 17,366

 Subsidy Re-estimates 32 (1,140) (10,186) (445) (11,739)

Balance, End of Period $ - $ 1,350 $ 4,281 $ (4) $ 5,627

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost: 

 Subsidy Cost for Modifications $ - $ - $ - $ (55) $ (55)

 Subsidy Re-estimates 32 (1,140) (10,186) (445) (11,739)

Total Direct Loans and Equity Investment 

 Programs Subsidy Cost (Income) $ 32 $ (1,140) $ (10,186) $ (500) $ (11,794)

(1) During fiscal year 2013, the Department sold its remaining ownership interest in American International Group, Inc. (AIG), comprised of 234 million

shares of AIG common stock that was held by TARP and the General Fund (154 million and 80 million shares, respectively), for total gross cash proceeds 

of $7.6 billion, of which TARP and the General Fund received $5.0 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively. For the TARP shares sold, the proceeds were less

than the Department’s cost by $1.7 billion. The 2013 sale of the General Fund shares for $2.588 billion, which resulted in a $23 million loss from the final 

sale, is not reflected in the table above but, instead, is reported on the Statements of Custodial Activity.

(2) As of September 30, 2013, the Department had liquidated all of its equity investments or had been repaid on all outstanding loans made under the PublicPrivate Investment Program (PPIP) in which the Department was a limited partner for purposes of helping restart the financial securities market and 

provide liquidity for legacy securities. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department had remaining legal commitments to disburse up to $126 million 

and $984 million, respectively, in additional equity to Public-Private Investment Funds (PPIFs) which will remain until all distributions have been received 

from the PPIFs and all PPIF liabilities have been settled.

(3) During fiscal year 2013, the Department’s investment of $100 million in the FRB’s Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) program was fully repaid 

with interest. Under this program, the Department provided credit protection to FRB in support of its program to provide low-cost funding to qualified small 

business borrowers that owned eligible collateral. 
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8. INVESTMENTS IN GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES

Congress established Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as GSEs to support the supply of mortgage loans. A key function of the GSEs is 

to package mortgages into securities, which are subsequently sold to investors, and guarantee the timely payment of principal and 

interest on these securities.

Leading up to the financial crisis, increasingly difficult conditions in the housing market challenged the soundness and profitability 

of the GSEs, thereby undermining the entire housing market. This led Congress to pass the Housing and Economic Recovery Act 

(HERA) (P.L. 110-289) in July 2008. This act created FHFA, with enhanced regulatory authority over the GSEs, and provided the 

Secretary with certain authorities intended to ensure the financial stability of the GSEs, if necessary. In September 2008, FHFA 

placed the GSEs under conservatorship, and the Department entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (SPSPA) 

with each GSE. These actions were taken to preserve the GSEs’ assets, ensure a sound and solvent financial condition, and mitigate 

systemic risks that contributed to market instability. The SPSPAs were amended in August 2012 (the amended SPSPAs) which 

changed, among other things, the basis for determining quarterly dividends that are paid by the GSEs to the U.S. government. The 

dividend change in the amended SPSPAs became operationally effective commencing with the quarter ending March 31, 2013.

The actions taken by the Department are intended to provide financial stability to the U.S. economy. The purpose of the 

Department’s actions is to maintain the solvency of the GSEs so they can continue to fulfill their vital roles in the home mortgage 

market while the Administration and Congress determine what structural changes should be made. Draws under the SPSPAs 

result in an increased investment in the GSEs as further discussed below.

Under the SPSPAs, the Department initially received from each GSE: (i) 1,000,000 shares of non-voting variable liquidation 

preference senior preferred stock with a liquidation preference value of $1,000 per share, and (ii) a non-transferrable warrant for 

the purchase, at a nominal cost, of 79.9 percent of common stock on a fully-diluted basis. The warrants expire on September 7, 

2028. Under the amended SPSPAs, the quarterly dividend payment changed from a 10.0 percent per annum fixed rate dividend on 

the total liquidation preference (as discussed below) to an amount equivalent to the GSE’s positive net worth above a capital 

reserve amount. The capital reserve amount was initially set at $3.0 billion for calendar year 2013, and declined to $2.4 billion on 

January 1, 2014, and will continue to decline by $600 million at the beginning of each calendar year thereafter until it reaches zero 

by calendar year 2018. The GSEs will not pay a quarterly dividend if their positive net worth is below the required capital reserve 

threshold. Cash dividends of $72.5 billion and $95.7 billion were received during fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, 

respectively. Dividends received in fiscal years 2014 and 2013 were primarily attributable to a federal income tax benefit that was 

recognized in the earnings of one GSE in fiscal year 2014 and the earnings of the other GSE in fiscal year 2013.

The SPSPAs, which have no expiration date, provide for the Department to disburse funds to the GSEs if, at the end of any quarter, 

the FHFA determines that the liabilities of either GSE exceed its assets. Draws from the Department under the SPSPAs are 

designed to ensure that the GSEs maintain positive net worth. The maximum amount available to each GSE under this agreement 

was previously based on a formulaic cap which ended December 31, 2012, at which time, the maximum amount became fixed 

effective December 31, 2012 (refer to the “Contingent Liability to GSEs” section below). Draws against the funding commitment of 

the SPSPAs do not result in the issuance of additional shares of senior preferred stock; instead, the liquidation preference of the 

initial 1,000,000 shares is increased by the amount of the draw. There were no payments to the GSEs for the fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. 

ACCOUNTING TREATMENT

Entity Transactions― If the Department estimates a contingent liability to the GSEs, this liability will be accrued and reported 

on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheets pursuant to the SPSPAs and funded through the Department’s direct 
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85

appropriations. The liability accrual will be reflected at its gross amount as an “entity” cost on the Department’s Consolidated 

Statements of Net Cost, within the line item, “Cumulative Results of Operations” on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, 

without considering the increase in senior preferred stock liquidation preference/fair value adjustments, and future dividend

receipts from the GSEs.

Non-Entity Transactions― If actual payments are made to the GSEs, they will result in increases to the U.S. government’s 

liquidation preference in the GSEs’ senior preferred stock, and thus represent General Fund exchange revenue reported on the 

Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost as “GSEs Non-Entity Cost (Revenue).” Changes in the fair valuation of the GSE 

preferred stock and common stock warrants, and related dividends received, are General Fund-related costs and revenues that are 

likewise reported as “GSEs Non-Entity Cost (Revenue).”

INVESTMENTS IN GSES 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department’s investments in the GSEs consisted of the following (in millions): 

Gross Cumulative

GSEs Investments

Investments

As of 9/30/14

Valuation

Gain/(Loss)

9/30/2014

Fair Value

Fannie Mae Senior Preferred Stock

Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock

Fannie Mae Warrants for Common Stock

Freddie Mac Warrants for Common Stock

$ 116,989

72,160

3,104

2,264

$ (64,289)

(40,760)

4,606

1,736

$ 52,700

31,400

7,710

4,000

Total GSEs Investments $ 194,517 $ (98,707)$ 95,810

Gross Cumulative

Investments Valuation 9/30/2013

GSEs Investments As of 9/30/13 Gain/(Loss) Fair Value

Fannie Mae Senior Preferred Stock $ 116,989 $ (40,429)$ 76,560

Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock 72,160 (16,295) 55,865

Fannie Mae Warrants for Common Stock 3,104 1,978 5,082

Freddie Mac Warrants for Common Stock 2,264 450 2,714

Total GSEs Investments $ 194,517 $ (54,296)$ 140,221

SENIOR PREFERRED STOCK AND WARRANTS FOR COMMON STOCK

In determining the fair value of the senior preferred stock and warrants for common stock, the Department relied on the GSEs’

public filings and press releases concerning their financial statements, as well as non-public, long-term financial forecasts, monthly 

summaries, quarterly credit supplements, independent research regarding preferred stock trading, independent research regarding 

the GSEs’ common stock trading on the OTC Bulletin Board, discussions with each of the GSEs and FHFA, and other information 

pertinent to the valuations. Because of the nature of the instruments, which are not publicly traded and for which there is no 

comparable trading information available, the fair valuations rely on significant unobservable inputs that reflect assumptions about 

the expectations that market participants would use in pricing. 

The fair value of the senior preferred stock considers the amount of forecasted dividend payments. The fair valuations assume that 

a hypothetical buyer would acquire the discounted dividend stream as of the transaction date. The fair value of the senior preferred 

stock decreased at September 30, 2014 when compared to 2013 primarily due to lower forecasted dividends as a result of lower 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

86

forecasted GSE earnings to be derived from guarantee fees, coupled with one-time benefits recognized in the GSEs’ historical 

earnings that contributed to the higher fair value of these investments at the end of 2013 but which did not recur at the end of 2014. 

The fair value of the warrants is impacted by the nominal exercise price and the large number of potential exercise shares, the 

market trading of the common stock that underlies the warrants as of September 30, the principal market, and the market 

participants. Other factors impacting the fair value include, among other things, the holding period risk related directly to the 

assumption of the amount of time that it will take to sell the exercised shares without depressing the market. The fair value of the 

warrants increased at the end of fiscal year 2014 when compared to 2013 primarily due to increases in the market price of the

underlying common stock of each GSE.

CONTINGENT LIABILITY TO GSES

As part of the annual process undertaken by the Department, a series of long-term financial forecasts are prepared to assess as of 

September 30, the likelihood and magnitude of future draws to be required by the GSEs under the SPSPAs within the forecast time 

horizon. The Department used 25-year financial forecasts prepared through year 2039 and 2038 in assessing if a contingent 

liability was required as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. If future payments under the SPSPAs are deemed to be

probable within the forecast horizon, the Department will estimate and accrue a contingent liability to the GSEs to reflect the 

forecasted equity deficits of the GSEs. This accrued contingent liability will be undiscounted and will not take into account any of 

the offsetting dividends that would be received, as the dividends would be owed directly to the General Fund. Such recorded 

accruals will be adjusted as new information develops or circumstances change. 

Based on its annual assessment, the Department estimated no probable future funding draws as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, 

and thereby accrued no contingent liability. At September 30, 2014 and 2013, the maximum remaining contractual commitment to

the GSEs for the remaining life of the SPSPAs was $258.1 billion which, as discussed above, was established as of December 31, 

2012. 

In assessing the need for an estimated contingent liability, the Department relies on the GSEs’ public filings and press releases 

concerning their financial statements, monthly summaries, and quarterly credit supplements, as well as non-public, long-term 

financial forecasts, the FHFA House Price Index, discussions with each of the GSEs and FHFA, and other information pertinent to 

the liability estimates. The forecasts prepared in assessing the need for an estimated contingent liability as of September 30, 2014, 

include three potential wind-down scenarios, with varying assumptions regarding the timing as to when new guaranteed mortgagebacked securities would cease being issued by the GSEs. The forecasts also assume a continued gradual wind-down of the retained 

portfolios (and corresponding net interest income) through 2018, as directed under the amended SPSPAs for each GSE to reduce 

the maximum balance of its retained mortgage portfolio by 15.0 percent per annum beginning December 31, 2013. The maximum 

balance of the GSEs’ retained mortgage portfolio was initially set at $650 billion as of December 31, 2012, and is required under the 

amended SPSPAs to be reduced to $250.0 billion by December 31, 2018. 

The Department’s forecasts of potential future draws by the GSEs may differ from actual experience. Potential future actual draw 

amounts will depend on numerous factors that are difficult to predict including, but not limited to, changes in government policy 

with respect to the GSEs, the business cycle, inflation, home prices, unemployment rates, interest rates, changes in housing 

preferences, home financing alternatives, availability of debt financing, market rates of guarantee fees, outcomes of loan 

refinancings and modifications, new housing programs, and other applicable factors.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE GSES

The summarized unaudited aggregated financial condition of the GSEs as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, along with their 

summarized unaudited aggregated financial operating results for the nine months ended of September 30, 2014 and 2013 were as 

follows (in millions): 

2014 2013

Combined Assets

 Investment Securities $ 206,154 $ 266,305

 Mortgage Loans 4,701,174 4,702,674

 Other 245,772 294,028

Total Combined Assets 5,153,100 5,263,007

Combined Liabilities

 Long-Term Debt 4,894,011 4,959,558

 Other 247,504 258,396

Total Combined Liabilities 5,141,515 5,217,954

Combined Net Equity $ 11,585 $ 45,053

For the Nine Months Ended September 30 

Combined Net Interest Income $ 25,502 $ 30,238

Combined Benefit for Loan Losses 3,457 11,213

Combined Net Interest Income After Benefit for Loan Losses $ 28,959 $ 41,451

Combined Net Income $ 20,360 $ 117,579

Combined Regulatory Capital - Minimum Capital Deficit as of September 30 $ (228,267) $ (195,697)

The GSEs’ combined financial condition and results of operations as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 include a 

$74.5 billion federal income tax benefit realized in net income by both GSEs combined during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The 

financial information above also excludes financial guarantees not consolidated on the GSEs’ balance sheets. 

The above information was taken directly from the quarterly reports filed with the SEC, which are publicly available on the SEC’s

website (www.SEC.gov) and also the GSE investor relations websites.

The decline in the GSEs’ combined net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 compared to the same period in 

2013 was primarily attributable to one-time federal income tax benefits that were recognized in their 2013 earnings that did not 

recur in 2014. 

GSES NON-ENTITY REVENUE

For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, GSEs Non-Entity Revenue consisted of the following (in millions): 

Summary of GSEs Non-Entity Revenue 2014 2013

Fair Value Loss/(Gain) on GSEs Warrants/Preferred Stock $ 44,411 $ (30,879)

GSEs Preferred Stock Dividends (72,472) (95,727)

Total GSEs Non-Entity Revenue $ (28,061)$ (126,606)

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

A provision within the Dodd-Frank Act required the Secretary to conduct a study and develop recommendations regarding the 

options for ending the conservatorship of the two GSEs. In 2011, the President delivered to Congress a report from the Secretary 

that provided recommendations regarding the options for ending the conservatorship and plans to wind down the GSEs. To date,

Congress has not approved a plan to address the future of the GSEs, thus the GSEs continue to operate under the direction of their 

conservator, the FHFA, whose stated strategic goals for the GSEs are to: (i) maintain foreclosure prevention activities and credit 

availability; (ii) reduce taxpayer risk through increasing the role of private capital in the mortgage market; and (iii) build a new 

single-family securitization infrastructure.
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The Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 was funded by an increase of ten basis points in the GSEs’ guarantee fees 

(referred to as “the increased fees”) which began in April 2012, and is effective through October 1, 2021. The increased fees are 

remitted to the Department and not retained by the GSEs. Accordingly, the increased fees do not affect the profitability of the 

GSEs. For fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the GSEs remitted to the Department the increased fees totaling $1.9 billion and $946 

million, respectively, which are reported within the line item entitled “Fines, Penalties, Interest and Other Revenue” on the 

Department’s Statements of Custodial Activity. 

9. INVESTMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Investments in International Financial Institutions (or Multilateral Development Banks) 

consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development $ 2,471 $ 2,216

Inter-American Development Bank (1) 1,796 1,695

Asian Development Bank 879 772

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 636 636

International Finance Corporation 569 569

African Development Bank 270 238

North American Development Bank 225 225

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 45 45

Total $ 6,891 $ 6,396

Refer to Note 27 for a description of the additional commitments related to these institutions. 

(1) Includes Inter-American Investment Corporation 

10. OTHER INVESTMENTS AND RELATED INTEREST

Other investments and related interest include foreign currency holdings that are typically invested in interest-bearing securities 

issued or held through foreign governments or monetary authorities (refer to Note 5). ESF holds most of the Department’s foreign 

currency investments. 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Other Investments and Related Interest consisted of the following (in millions):

Cost/ Unamortized 9/30/14

Acquisition (Premium)/ Interest Net Unrealized 9/30/14

Type of Investment Value Discount Receivable Investment Gain/(Loss) Fair Value

Foreign Investments:

 Euro Bonds & Notes $ 5,286 $ 135 $ 65 $ 5,486 $ 91 $ 5,577

 Japanese Government Bonds 5,678 13 3 5,694 7 5,701

 Other FCDAs 6,623 - - 6,623 3 6,626

Other Investments 28 (2) - 26 (9) 17

Total Non-Federal $ 17,615 $ 146 $ 68 $ 17,829 $ 92 $ 17,921

Cost/ Unamortized 9/30/13

Acquisition (Premium)/ Interest Net Unrealized 9/30/13

Type of Investment Value Discount Receivable Investment Gain/(Loss) Fair Value

Foreign Investments:

 Euro Bonds & Notes $ 4,556 $ 143 $ 75 $ 4,774 $ 85 $ 4,859

 Japanese Government Bonds 6,326 15 4 6,345 8 6,353

 Other FCDAs 2,884 - - 2,884 - 2,884

Other Investments 28 (2) - 26 (8) 18

Total Non-Federal $ 13,794 $ 156 $ 79 $ 14,029 $ 85 $ 14,114
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11. OTHER CREDIT PROGRAM RECEIVABLES, NET

The Department administers a number of programs, in addition to the TARP programs, designed to stabilize the nation’s financial 

system and restore the flow of credit to consumers, businesses, and homeowners. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Other 

Credit Program Receivables, Net consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

State and Local Housing Finance Agency Program (GSE sponsored) $ 7,617 $ 8,420

Small Business Lending Fund Program 3,150 3,605

International Monetary Fund Programs:

 U.S. Quota in the IMF Program (FCRA portion) 1,836 1,896

 New Arrangements to Borrow Program (FCRA portion) 4,237 3,668

Other Direct Loans Program 88 39

Total $ 16,928 $ 17,628

STATE AND LOCAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY (HFA) PROGRAM

Under HERA, the Department, together with the FHFA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, created a program in October 2009 to 

provide support to HFAs. This program was designed to support low mortgage rates and expand resources for low- and middleincome borrowers to purchase or rent homes, making them more affordable over the long term. The HFA Program is comprised of 

two separate programs: (i) the New Issue Bond Program (NIBP) and (ii) the Temporary Credit and Liquidity Program (TCLP). As 

of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the HFA net credit program receivable of $7.6 billion and $8.4 billion, respectively, included a 

positive subsidy allowance of $1.1 billion and $915 million, respectively, which reflects the Department’s projection that the HFA 

program will result in a net cost to the Department after accounting for repayments, interest, and fees. 

Under the terms of the NIBP, the Department purchased securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac backed by new mortgage 

revenue bonds issued by HFAs. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the NIBP gross credit program receivable was $8.7 billion and 

$9.3 billion, respectively. The Department performed a financial statement re-estimate of the NIBP program’s cost as of 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. These re-estimates resulted in an upward re-estimate, or an increase in the cost of the program, of 

$175 million as of September 30, 2014, and a downward re-estimate, or decrease in cost of the program, of $74 million as of 

September 30, 2013. The upward re-estimate in fiscal year 2014 was primarily driven by lower forecasted prepayment rates that 

increase the cost of the program since HFA bonds carry a lower weighted average coupon than the funding cost of the program. 

The downward re-estimate in fiscal year 2013 was primarily driven by higher than estimated principal collections. 

Under the terms of the TCLP, the Department purchased participation certificates issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, 

representing participating interests in credit and liquidity facilities that the GSEs are providing to certain HFAs as part of the 

program. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac provided replacement credit and liquidity facilities to HFAs to help reduce the costs of

maintaining existing financing and relieve financial strains on the HFAs. The Department agreed to support the GSE replacement 

credit and liquidity facilities by purchasing from the GSEs interests in certain HFA bonds in the event such bonds were tendered to 

the GSEs. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the liquidity facilities covered $851 million and $2.0 billion, respectively, of singlefamily and multi-family variable-rate demand obligations (VRDOs). As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, none of these bonds had 

been tendered to the GSEs and, accordingly, the Department had not disbursed any funds. As such, the Department did not 

perform September 30, 2014 or 2013 subsidy re-estimates for TCLP. 
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SMALL BUSINESS LENDING FUND PROGRAM 

The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-240) created the SBLF program. Pursuant to the Act, the Department provided 

capital to qualified community banks, for purposes of encouraging bank lending to small businesses, by purchasing qualifying noncumulative preferred stock or equivalents in each bank. As an incentive to participating banks to increase lending to small 

businesses, the dividend rate a bank pays to the Department for SBLF funding will be reduced as the bank’s small business lending 

increases. For most banks, the initial dividend rate of 5.0 percent may be reduced to as low as 1.0 percent. For institutions which 

did not increase lending by the end of the first two years of the program, the rate increased to 7.0 percent, effective for the quarter 

ending March 31, 2014. The program provides an incentive for banks to repay loans within 4 1⁄2 years. At that time, the rate will 

increase to 9.0 percent for banks remaining in the program. The Department treats these purchases of capital as direct loans in 

accordance with the requirements of FCRA. The Department’s authority to provide new capital to SBLF participants expired in 

September 2011 and, accordingly, there were no new capital disbursements since that date.

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, SBLF’s net credit program receivable was $3.2 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. These 

amounts include a positive subsidy allowance of $36 million and $28 million at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, which 

reflects the Department’s projection that the SBLF program will result in a net cost to the Department. 

The Department performed financial statement re-estimates of the program’s cost as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 which 

resulted in an upward re-estimate, or an increase in the cost of the program, of $24 million and $34 million. Both the 2014 and 

2013 upward re-estimates were driven by changes in performance assumptions, actual performance to-date, and actual program 

funding costs. The 2014 performance assumptions anticipate an overall cost to the program due to lower dividend rates, both 

actual and projected, paid by participating institutions relative to previously projected dividend rates. These lower dividend rates 

are the result of participating banks increasing small business lending to qualify for lower dividend rates. 

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND PROGRAMS 

The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 authorized an increase in the U.S. quota in the IMF, as well as an increase in U.S. 

participation in the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB), one of the IMF’s supplemental borrowing arrangements (refer to Note 

12). The legislation applied FCRA to both program increases and, thus, the program increases are treated as direct loans to the 

IMF. For U.S. budget and accounting purposes, there are effectively two portions of the IMF quota and NAB programs. As of 

September 30, 2014 and 2013, the U.S. quota in the IMF totaled $62.5 billion and $64.6 billion, respectively, and comprised a

FCRA and non-FCRA portion of $7.4 billion and $55.1 billion, respectively, at September 30, 2014, and $7.6 billion and $57.0 

billion, respectively, at September 30, 2013. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the U.S. NAB arrangement with the IMF totaled 

$102.4 billion and $106.0 billion, respectively, and comprised a FCRA and non-FCRA portion of $92.6 billion and $9.8 billion, 

respectively, at September 30, 2014, and $95.8 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively, at September 30, 2013. These designations 

only affect the manner in which the Department accounts for the use and repayment of these funds. The U.S. commitments to the 

IMF are denominated in SDRs and, thus, the dollar amounts of these commitments fluctuate with the SDR valuation rate. The 

following is a discussion of the FCRA portions of both the U.S. quota and NAB programs. 

United States Quota in the IMF

At September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department reported a net credit program receivable of $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion, 

respectively, representing amounts disbursed under the FCRA portion of the U.S. quota’s reserve position, net of a positive subsidy 

allowance of $159 million and $99 million, respectively. This positive subsidy reflects the Department’s projection that the

program will result in a net cost to the Department after accounting for repayments and net interest. The Department reported the 

remaining undisbursed FCRA portion of the U.S. quota totaling $5.5 billion and $5.7 billion at September 30, 2014 and 2013, 
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91

respectively, as a letter of credit (refer to Note 12). The Department performed financial statement re-estimates of the program’s 

cost as of September 30, 2014 and 2013. The re-estimates resulted in an increase in program costs (or an upward re-estimate) of 

$59 million and $5 million for fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively, primarily due to a fluctuation in the valuation of the SDR 

rate since the calculation of the prior fiscal year’s re-estimate. 

New Arrangements To Borrow

FCRA disbursements outstanding under the NAB for fiscal years ended 2014 and 2013 totaled a net credit program receivable of 

$4.2 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively. The program had a positive subsidy allowance of $134 million and a negative subsidy 

allowance of $15 million as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The Department performed a financial statement re-estimate of the program’s cost as of September 30, 2014 and 2013. These reestimates resulted in an increase in the projected cost of the program (or an upward re-estimate) of $145 million as of September 

30, 2014, and a decrease in the projected cost of the program (or a downward re-estimate) of $1 million as of September 30, 2013. 

The re-estimates are primarily driven by the fluctuation in the valuation of the SDR rate since the prior year’s re-estimate.

SUMMARY TABLES

The following tables provide the net composition of the Department’s portfolio, subsidy cost, and re-estimates, a reconciliation of 

subsidy cost allowances, budget subsidy rates, and the components of the subsidy for each credit program for the fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013. The subsidy rates disclosed pertain only to that year’s cohorts. These rates cannot be applied to the 

direct loans disbursed during the current reporting year to yield the subsidy expense. The subsidy expense for new loans reported 

in 2014 and 2013 could result from disbursements of loans from both current year cohorts and prior year(s) cohorts, and also 

includes re-estimates.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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IMF- IMF- 2014

(in millions) HFA SBLF Quota NAB Other (1) TOTAL

Credit Program Receivables, Net:

 Credit Program Receivables, Gross $ 8,667 $ 3,186 $ 1,995 $ 4,371 $ 104 $ 18,323

 Subsidy Cost Allowance (1,050) (36) (159) (134) (16) (1,395)

Credit Program Receivables, Net $ 7,617 $ 3,150 $ 1,836 $ 4,237 $ 88 $ 16,928

New Credit Program Loans Disbursed $ - $ - $ - $ 718 $ 52 $ 770

Obligations for Loans Not Yet Disbursed $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 502 $ 502

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost Allowance:

 Balance, Beginning $ 915 $ 28 $ 99 $ (15) $ 17 $ 1,044

 Subsidy Cost for Disbursements - - - 2 3 5

 Fees Received 13 - - - - 13

 Subsidy Allowance Amortized (53) (16) 1 2 (1) (67)

Balance, Ending, Before Re-estimates 875 12 100 (11) 19 995

 Subsidy Re-estimates 175 24 59 145 (3) 400

Balance, Ending $ 1,050 $ 36 $ 159 $ 134 $ 16 $ 1,395

Re-estimates

 Interest Rate Re-estimate $ - $ - $ - $ - $ (6) $ (6)

 Interest on Re-estimate 29 2 - 1 - 32

 Technical/Default Re-estimate 146 22 59 144 3 374

Total Re-estimates – Increase (Decrease) in

 Subsidy Cost $ 175 $ 24 $ 59 $ 145 $ (3) $ 400

Reconciliation of Subsidy Costs:

 Subsidy Cost for Disbursements $ - $ - $ - $ 2 $ 3 $ 5

 Subsidy Re-estimates 175 24 59 145 (3) 400

Total Credit Program Receivables Subsidy Costs $ 175 $ 24 $ 59 $ 147 $ - $ 405

Administrative Expense $ 5 $ 14 $ - $ - $ 1 $ 20

(1) CDFI Financial Assistance Direct Loan Program budget subsidy rates for Interest Differential and for Defaults were 1.41% and 7.48%, 

respectively.

IMF- IMF- 2013

(in millions) HFA SBLF Quota NAB Other (2) TOTAL

Credit Program Receivables, Net:

 Credit Program Receivables, Gross $ 9,335 $ 3,633 $ 1,995 $ 3,653 $ 56 $ 18,672

 Subsidy Cost Allowance (915) (28) (99) 15 (17) (1,044)

Credit Program Receivables, Net $ 8,420 $ 3,605 $ 1,896 $ 3,668 $ 39 $ 17,628

New Credit Program Loans Disbursed $ - $ - $ - $ 2,163 $ 14 $ 2,177

Obligations for Loans Not Yet Disbursed $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 333 $ 333

Reconciliation of Subsidy Cost Allowance:

 Balance, Beginning $ 1,128 $ 50 $ 137 $ (21) $ 13 $ 1,307

 Subsidy Cost for Disbursements - - - 7 6 13

 Fees Received 27 - - - - 27

 Loans Written Off - - - - (1) (1)

 Subsidy Allowance Amortized (166) (56) (43) - (1) (266)

Balance, Ending, Before Re-estimates 989 (6) 94 (14) 17 1,080

 Subsidy Re-estimates (74) 34 5 (1) - (36)

Balance, Ending $ 915 $ 28 $ 99 $ (15) $ 17 $ 1,044

Re-estimates

 Interest on Re-estimate $ (10) $ 2 $ - $ - $ - $ (8)

 Technical/Default Re-estimate (64) 32 5 (1) - (28)

Total Re-estimates – Increase (Decrease) in

 Subsidy Cost $ (74) $ 34 $ 5 $ (1) $ - $ (36)

Reconciliation of Subsidy Costs:

 Subsidy Cost for Disbursements $ - $ - $ - $ 7 $ 6 $ 13

 Subsidy Re-estimates (74) 34 5 (1) - (36)

Total Credit Program Receivables Subsidy Costs $ (74) $ 34 $ 5 $ 6 $ 6 $ (23)

Administrative Expense $ 9 $ 16 $ - $ - $ - $ 25

(2) CDFI Financial Assistance Direct Loan Program budget subsidy rates for Interest Differential and for Defaults were 28.25% and 12.01%, 

respectively.
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12. RESERVE POSITION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 

AND RELATED LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE

The United States participates in the IMF through a quota subscription and certain borrowing arrangements that supplement IMF

resources. The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-32) provided for an increase of approximately SDR 5.0 billion 

(approximately $8.0 billion) in the U.S. quota in the IMF, as well as an increase in the United States’ participation in the NAB up to 

the dollar equivalent of SDR 75 billion. These increases in the U.S. quota and NAB arrangement became effective in fiscal year 

2011. Unlike all prior U.S. funding for the IMF, P.L. 111-32 subjects the increases in both the U.S. quota and the NAB to the 

requirements of FCRA. All U.S. quota and NAB funding prior to P.L. 111-32, referred to as “non-FCRA funds,” do not result in net 

budgetary outlays. All such funding provided pursuant to P.L. 111-32, referred to as “FCRA funds,” is accounted for in accordance 

with credit reform accounting guidelines (refer to Note 11). A credit program receivable is established for FCRA fund amounts 

disbursed. Additionally, FCRA fund amounts disbursed do not result in net budgetary outlays, except for subsidy costs of the

programs which constitute the excess of program disbursements over the net present value of expected future repayments.

RESERVE POSITION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Quota subscriptions are paid partly through the transfer of reserve assets, such as foreign currencies or SDRs, which are 

international reserve assets created by the IMF, and partly by making domestic currency available as needed through a noninterest-bearing letter of credit. This letter of credit, issued by the Department and maintained by the FRBNY, represents the 

Department’s available commitment to the IMF which may be drawn upon by the IMF. 

Transfers to the IMF under the U.S. quota do not result in net budgetary outlays as they constitute an exchange of monetary assets 

in which the United States receives an equal offsetting claim on the IMF in the form of an increase in the U.S. reserve position in 

the IMF. Similarly, when the IMF repays dollars to the United States, no net budgetary receipt results because the U.S. reserve 

position declines concurrently in an equal amount. The U.S. reserve position is an interest-bearing asset like other international 

reserve assets held by the United States, and is available at any time to meet U.S. funding needs.

The U.S. quota is denominated in SDRs. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the U.S. quota in the IMF was SDR 42.1 billion. The 

equivalent U.S. dollar value of the U.S. quota consisted of the following (in millions):

Non- Total Non- Total 

FCRA FCRA 2014 FCRA FCRA 2013

Letter of Credit (1) $ 42,243 $ 5,514 $ 47,757 $ 39,075 $ 5,706 $ 44,781

Reserve Position (2) 12,834 1,859 14,693 17,915 1,923 19,838

Total U.S. Quota in the IMF $ 55,077 $ 7,373 $ 62,450 $ 56,990 $ 7,629 $ 64,619

(1) Letter of Credit amounts are included as part of the “Fund Balance” as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and “Appropriated Funds” as 

disclosed in Note 2. Amounts also include approximately 0.25 percent of the U.S. quota that is held in cash in an IMF account at the FRBNY. 

(2) The Reserve Position amounts shown in the non-FCRA columns are included in “Reserve Position in the IMF" as reported on the Consolidated Balance 

Sheets, while amounts shown in the FCRA columns are included in “Other Credit Program Receivables, Net” as reported on the Consolidated Balance 

Sheets. The FCRA amount shown represents the initial 2011 disbursement under P.L. 111-32 of SDR 1.2 billion at the current exchange rate (refer to 

Note 11). 

Fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar with respect to the SDR result in valuation changes in dollar terms for the U.S. quota. 

The Department periodically adjusts this balance to maintain the SDR value of the U.S. quota. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, 

the U.S. quota reflects a net downward adjustment in value of $2.2 billion and $342 million, respectively, due to the appreciation of 

the U.S. dollar against the SDR. 

LOANS AND INTEREST RECEIVABLE

In addition to quota subscriptions, the IMF maintains borrowing arrangements to supplement its resources in order to forestall or 

cope with an impairment of the international monetary system when IMF liquidity is low. The United States currently participates 
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in two such arrangements – the NAB and the General Arrangements to Borrow (GAB). In accordance with P.L. 111-32 which 

provided for an increase in the United States’ participation in the NAB of up to the dollar equivalent of SDR 75 billion, the United 

States increased its NAB participation from SDR 6.6 billion to SDR 69.1 billion, which was equivalent to $102.4 billion and $106.0

billion as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, under the U.S. NAB arrangement 

with the IMF, there was $9.4 billion and $10.0 billion of U.S. non-FCRA loans outstanding, net of $413 million and $156 million of 

allowance for loan loss, respectively, and $4.2 billion and $3.7 billion of U.S. FCRA loans (refer to Note 11) outstanding under the 

NAB arrangement, respectively. These amounts are liquid and interest-bearing claims on the IMF, and the non-FCRA portions are 

reported as Loans and Interest Receivable, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, while the FCRA portions are reported as Other 

Credit Program Receivables, Net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2014, the IMF had not utilized the GAB.

13. TAXES, INTEREST, AND OTHER RECEIVABLES, NET

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Taxes, Interest, and Other Receivables, Net consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

Non-Entity

Federal Taxes Receivable, Gross $ 156,158 $ 159,087

Less: Allowance on Taxes Receivable (116,143) (124,074)

Interest Receivable on FRB Deposits of Earnings 1,681 3,079

Other Receivables 687 465

Less: Allowance on Other Receivables (78) (30)

Total Non-Entity (Note 15) 42,305 38,527

Entity

Miscellaneous Entity Receivables and Related Interest 204 75

Total Taxes, Interest, and Other Receivables, Net $ 42,509 $ 38,602

Federal taxes receivable constitutes the largest portion of these receivables, with IRS-related taxes receivable representing the 

majority of the balance. IRS federal taxes receivable consists of tax assessments, penalties, and interest which were not paid or 

abated, and which were agreed to by either the taxpayer and IRS, or the courts. Federal taxes receivable is reduced by an allowance 

for doubtful accounts which is established to represent an estimate for uncollectible amounts. The portion of tax receivables 

estimated to be collectible and the allowance for doubtful accounts are based on projections of collectability from a statistical 

sample of taxes receivable (refer to the section entitled Required Supplementary Information (unaudited) - IRS Federal Taxes 

Receivable, Net).

In addition to amounts attributed to taxes, these receivables also include accrued interest income due on funds deposited in FRBs. 

The Department does not establish an allowance for the receivable on deposits of FRB earnings.
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14. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net consisted of the following (in millions):

2014

Net

Depreciation Service Accumulated Book

Method Life Cost Depreciation Value

Buildings, structures and facilities S/L 3 - 50 years $ 740 $ (396)$ 344

Furniture, fixtures and equipment S/L 2 - 20 years 2,861 (1,983) 878

Construction in progress N/A N/A 68 - 68

Land and land improvements N/A N/A 18 (1) 17

Internal-use software in use S/L 2 - 15 years 2,270 (1,302) 968

Internal-use software in development N/A N/A 289 - 289

Assets under capital lease S/L 2 - 25 years 18 (6) 12

Leasehold improvements S/L 2 - 25 years 413 (189) 224

Total $ 6,677 $ (3,877)$ 2,800

2013

Net

Depreciation Service Accumulated Book

Method Life Cost Depreciation Value

Buildings, structures and facilities S/L 3 - 50 years $ 737 $ (382)$ 355

Furniture, fixtures and equipment S/L 2 - 20 years 2,867 (2,005) 862

Construction in progress N/A N/A 133 - 133

Land and land improvements N/A N/A 18 (1) 17

Internal-use software in use S/L 2 - 15 years 1,837 (1,143) 694

Internal-use software in development N/A N/A 343 - 343

Assets under capital lease S/L 2 - 25 years 9 (3) 6

Leasehold improvements S/L 2 - 25 years 403 (167) 236

Total $ 6,347 $ (3,701)$ 2,646

The service life ranges vary significantly due to the diverse nature of PP&E held by the Department.

HERITAGE ASSETS

The Department has a total of fifteen heritage assets, of which five are considered multi-use, for fiscal years 2014 and 2013. The 

Treasury Complex (Main Treasury Building and Annex), declared a national historical landmark in 1972, is treated as a multi-use 

heritage asset and is expected to be preserved indefinitely. The buildings that house the Mint in Denver, San Francisco, Fort Knox, 

and West Point are also considered multi-use heritage assets and included on the National Register of Historic Places. 

Additionally, the Mint maintains heritage assets consisting of four coin collections and six historical artifacts. The condition of the 

heritage assets is disclosed within the Required Supplementary Information (Unaudited) section of this report. 
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15. NON-ENTITY VS. ENTITY ASSETS 

Non-entity assets are those that are held and managed by the Department on behalf of the U.S. government (General Fund) but are 

not available for use by the Department. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Department’s total assets, segregated between 

non-entity and entity, are shown below (in millions): 

2014

Non-Entity Entity Total

Intra-governmental Assets:

Fund Balance (a) $ 1,988 $ 350,940 $ 352,928

Loans and Interest Receivable (Note 3) 1,147,692 73,907 1,221,599

Advances to the Unemployment Trust Fund (Note 4) 20,824 - 20,824

Due From the General Fund (Note 4) 17,949,849 - 17,949,849

Other Intra-governmental Assets 500 68 568

Total Intra-governmental Assets 19,120,853 424,915 19,545,768

Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets (Note 5) (b) 154,052 57,816 211,868

Gold and Silver Reserves (Note 6) (c) 11,062 - 11,062

Investments in GSEs (Note 8) 95,810 - 95,810

Taxes, Interest, and Other Receivables, Net (Note 13) 42,305 204 42,509

Other Assets (d) 72 69,873 69,945

Total Assets $ 19,424,154 $ 552,808 $ 19,976,962

(a) $540 million of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(b) $153.5 billion of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(c) $25 million of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(d) Other Assets (Entity) include TARP and non-TARP credit program receivables, net, totaling $2.2 billion and $16.9 billion, respectively, a reserve 

position in the IMF of $12.8 billion, and other various assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets not separately presented in this table.

2013

Non-Entity Entity Total

Intra-governmental Assets:

Fund Balance (e) $ 1,254 $ 366,566 $ 367,820

Loans and Interest Receivable (Note 3) 1,020,773 72,786 1,093,559

Advances to the Unemployment Trust Fund (Note 4) 29,696 - 29,696

Due From the General Fund (Note 4) 17,123,357 - 17,123,357

Other Intra-governmental Assets 364 71 435

Total Intra-governmental Assets 18,175,444 439,423 18,614,867

Cash, Foreign Currency, and Other Monetary Assets (Note 5) (f) 83,208 65,298 148,506

Gold and Silver Reserves (Note 6) (g) 11,062 - 11,062

Investments in GSEs (Note 8) 140,221 - 140,221

Taxes, Interest, and Other Receivables, Net (Note 13) 38,527 75 38,602

Other Assets (h) $ 90 87,276 87,366

Total Assets 18,448,552 $ 592,072 $ 19,040,624

(e) $434 million of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(f) $82.9 billion of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(g) $25 million of the non-entity balance represents assets held on behalf of the General Fund (refer to Note 4).

(h) Other Assets (Entity) include TARP and non-TARP credit program receivables, net, totaling $17.9 billion and $17.6 billion, respectively, a reserve 

position in the IMF of $17.9 billion, and other various assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets not separately presented in this table.
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16. FEDERAL DEBT AND INTEREST PAYABLE AND RELATED 

LIABILITIES

The Department is responsible for administering the federal debt on behalf of the U.S. government. The federal debt includes 

borrowings from the public as well as borrowings from federal agencies. The federal debt does not include debt issued by other 

governmental agencies, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority or HUD.

Debt held by the public primarily represents the amount the U.S. government has borrowed to finance cumulative cash deficits. In 

contrast, debt held by other federal agencies, primarily trust funds, represent balances of Treasury securities held by individual 

federal agencies with either the authority or the requirement to invest excess receipts in U.S. Treasury securities in which the 

principal and interest are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

The Federal Debt and Interest Payable as of September 30, 2014 and 2013 was as follows (in millions):

Held by Other Federal Agencies (Intra-governmental) 2014 2013

Beginning Balance $ 4,725,136 $ 4,759,532

New Borrowings/(Repayments) 269,546 (34,396)

Subtotal at Par Value 4,994,682 4,725,136

Premium/(Discount) 67,586 69,210

Debt Principal Not Covered by Budgetary Resources (Note 19) 5,062,268 4,794,346

Interest Payable Covered by Budgetary Resources 42,352 43,090

Total $ 5,104,620 $ 4,837,436

Held by the Public 2014 2013

Beginning Balance $ 11,976,279 $ 11,269,586

New Borrowings 808,692 706,693

Subtotal at Par Value 12,784,971 11,976,279

Premium/(Discount) (29,379) (24,444)

Debt Principal Not Covered by Budgetary Resources (Note 19) 12,755,592 11,951,835

Interest Payable Covered by Budgetary Resources 53,831 51,195

Total $ 12,809,423 $ 12,003,030

FEDERAL DEBT HELD BY OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES

Certain federal agencies are allowed to invest excess funds in debt securities issued by the Department on behalf of the U.S.

government. The terms and the conditions of debt securities issued are designed to meet the cash needs of the U.S. government. 

The vast majority of debt securities are non-marketable securities issued at par value, but others are issued at market prices and 

interest rates that reflect market terms. The average intra-governmental interest rate for debt held by the federal entities,

excluding Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), for fiscal years 2014 and 2013 was 3.3 percent and 3.6 percent, 

respectively. The average intra-governmental interest rate on TIPS for both fiscal years 2014 and 2013 was 1.3 percent. The 

average interest rate represents the original issue weighted effective yield on securities outstanding at the end of the fiscal year.

The federal debt also includes intra-governmental marketable debt securities that certain agencies are permitted to buy and sell on 

the open market. The debt held by federal agencies at par value (not including premium/discount or interest payable) as of 

September 30, 2014 and 2013 was as follows (in millions): 
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2014 2013

Social Security Administration $ 2,782,918 $ 2,756,390

Office of Personnel Management 958,796 821,466

Department of Defense Agencies 694,595 620,815

Department of Health and Human Services 276,085 278,766

All Other Federal Entities - Consolidated 282,288 247,699

Total Federal Debt Held by Other Federal Agencies $ 4,994,682 $ 4,725,136

FEDERAL DEBT HELD BY THE PUBLIC

Federal debt held by the public at par value (not including premium/discount or interest payable) as of September 30, 2014 and 

2013 consisted of the following (in millions): 

Average

Interest

(at par value) Term Rates 2014

Marketable:

Treasury Bills 1 Year or Less 0.1% $ 1,409,627

Treasury Notes Over 1 Year - 10 Years 1.8% 8,160,196

Treasury Bonds Over 10 Years 4.9% 1,534,068

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 5 Years or More 0.9% 1,044,676

Treasury Floating Rate Notes (FRN) 2 Years 0.1% 122,985

Total Marketable 12,271,552

Non-Marketable On Demand out to 40 Years 2.3% 513,419

Total Federal Debt Held by the Public $ 12,784,971

Average

Interest 

(at par value) Term Rates 2013

Marketable:

Treasury Bills 1 Year or Less 0.1% $ 1,527,909

Treasury Notes Over 1 Year - 10 Years 1.8% 7,750,336

Treasury Bonds Over 10 Years 5.1% 1,363,114

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) 5 Years or More 1.1% 936,041

Total Marketable 11,577,400

Non-Marketable On Demand out to 40 Years 2.4% 398,879

Total Federal Debt Held by the Public $ 11,976,279

The Department generally issues Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and TIPS to meet the borrowing needs of the U.S. government. The 

Department issues marketable bills at a discount or at par, and pays the par amount of the security upon maturity. The average 

interest rate on Treasury bills represents the original issue effective yield on securities outstanding at year end. Treasury bills are 

issued with a term of one year or less.

The Department issues marketable notes and bonds as long-term securities that pay semi-annual interest based on the securities’ 

stated interest rates. These securities are issued at either par value or at an amount that reflects a discount or premium. The 

average interest rate on marketable notes and bonds represents the stated interest rate adjusted by any discount or premium on 

securities outstanding at year-end. Treasury notes are issued with a term of over one year to ten years, and Treasury bonds are 

issued with a term of more than ten years. The Department also issues TIPS that have interest and redemption payments tied to 

the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all Urban Consumers, a widely used measurement of inflation. TIPS are issued with a term of 

five years or more, and the principal for TIPS is adjusted daily over the life of the security based on the CPI for all Urban 
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Consumers. At maturity, TIPS are redeemed at the inflation-adjusted principal amount, or the original par value, whichever is 

greater. TIPS pay a semi-annual fixed rate of interest applied to the inflation-adjusted principal. The average interest rate on TIPS 

represents the stated interest rate on principal plus inflation, adjusted by any discount or premium on securities outstanding as of 

the end of the fiscal year. The inflation-adjusted TIPS principal balance of federal debt held by the public included inflation of 

$97.1 billion and $88.5 billion as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

In January 2014, Treasury began issuing a new marketable security, the Floating Rate Note (FRN), which pays interest quarterly 

based on the interest rate at the time of payment. The interest rate of FRNs can change over time and is indexed to the highest 

acceptable discount rate of the most recent 13-week marketable bill auction. These securities, like marketable notes and bonds, are 

issued at either par value or at an amount that reflects a discount or premium. The average interest rate on marketable FRNs

represents the highest accepted discount rate of the most recent 13-week marketable auction as of September 30, 2014, adjusted by 

any discount or premium on securities outstanding as of that date. These notes are currently issued with a term of two years.

Federal Debt Held by the Public includes federal debt held outside of the U.S. government by individuals, corporations, FRBs, state 

and local governments, foreign governments, and central banks. As of September 30, 2014, the FRBs had total holdings of $1.9

trillion which: (i) excluded $535 billion in Treasury securities used in overnight reverse repurchase transactions, and (ii) included a 

net of $2.3 billion in Treasury securities held by the FRB as collateral for securities lending activities. As of September 30, 2013, 

the FRBs had total holdings of $1.9 trillion which: (i) excluded $145 billion in Treasury securities used in overnight reverse 

repurchase transactions, and (ii) included a net of $3.1 billion in Treasury securities held by the FRB as collateral for securities 

lending activities. Treasury securities are held by the FRB in the FRB System Open Market Account for the purpose of conducting 

monetary policy.

STATUTORY DEBIT LIMIT 

Congress provided the Department with statutory authority to take certain extraordinary measures in the event that Treasury debt 

nears the statutory debt limit and a delay in raising the statutory debt limit occurs. These measures authorize the Department to 

deviate from its normal debt management operations and exercise legal authorities to avoid exceeding the statutory debt limit.

During the period of the delay in raising the statutory debt limit, the Department may undertake the following extraordinary 

measures: (i) suspend new issuances of Treasury debt securities to the Government Securities Investment Fund of the Federal 

Employees’ Retirement System Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Trust Fund (Civil Service

Fund), the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund (Postal Benefits Fund), and the ESF as investments; (ii) redeem early a 

certain amount of Treasury debt securities held by the Civil Service Fund; (iii) suspend new issuances of State and Local 

Government Series (SLGS) securities; (iv) utilize FFB to exchange outstanding Treasury debt securities held by the Civil Service 

Fund for non-Treasury debt securities (refer to Note 17); and (v) issue cash management bills to manage short-term financing 

needs. 

When the period of delay in raising the statutory debt limit ends, the Department discontinues its use of extraordinary measures 

and resumes its normal debt management operations. Furthermore, the Department is required by the relevant statutes, to restore 

the TSP, Civil Service Fund and Postal Benefits Fund with the accumulated principal balance of Treasury debt securities that bears 

such interest rates and maturity dates necessary to replicate the investments the funds would have held had the delay not occurred 

(the uninvested principal). The Department is also required by the relevant statutes, to pay these funds the related lost interest 

(forgone interest) on the uninvested principal. The Department is not required by statute to restore the ESF with uninvested

principal or lost interest incurred during a period of delay. When the period of delay in raising the statutory debt limit ends, the 

Department also resumes issuances of SLGS.
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During fiscal year 2013, there were two delays in raising the debt limit. The first delay occurred from December 31, 2012 through 

February 3, 2013. On February 4, 2013, Congress enacted the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-3) which temporarily 

suspended the statutory debt limit through May 18, 2013. On May 19, 2013, in accordance with P.L. 113-3, the statutory debt limit 

was raised to $16.699 trillion, the amount of the qualifying federal debt securities outstanding on that date. In fiscal year 2013, 

following the end of the delay in the debt limit raise, the Department restored the funds involved in the extraordinary measures

undertaken during the period of delay with uninvested principal and interest totaling $31 billion and $20 million, respectively. 

The second fiscal year 2013 delay in raising the statutory debt limit occurred from May 20, 2013 through October 16, 2013. On 

October 17, 2013, Congress enacted the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113-46) which temporarily suspended the 

statutory debt limit through February 7, 2014. On February 8, 2014, in accordance with P.L. 113-46, the statutory debt limit was 

raised to $17.212 trillion, the amount of the qualifying federal debt securities outstanding on that date. In fiscal year 2014, 

following the end of the delay in the debt limit raise, the Department restored the funds involved in the extraordinary measures

undertaken during the period of delay with uninvested principal and interest totaling $296.2 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. 

During fiscal year 2014, another delay in raising the statutory debt limit occurred from February 10, 2014 until February 15, 2014. 

On February 15, 2014, Congress enacted the Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act (P.L. 113-83) which temporarily suspended the 

debt limit through March 15, 2015. In fiscal year 2014, following the end of the delay in the debt limit raise, the Department 

restored the funds involved in the extraordinary measures undertaken during this period of delay with uninvested principal and 

interest totaling $68.5 billion and $28.4 million, respectively. 

Of the $1.2 billion of forgone interest paid in fiscal year 2014, $444 million was recorded as a current year, non-entity expense 

(within the line item entitled “Restoration of Forgone Federal Debt Interest”) in fiscal year 2014, and $801 million was accrued as a 

non-entity expense in fiscal year 2013 (within the line item, Accrued Restoration of Foregone Federal Debt Interest) on the 

Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost, with a corresponding offsetting amount reported as Accrued Interest on 

Restoration of Federal Debt Principal on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position. 

The second delay in raising the statutory debt limit in fiscal year 2013 (which commenced on May 20, 2013) did not end until 

October 16, 2013 and, as such, none of the uninvested principal and foregone interest payable had been restored to the involved 

funds as of September 30, 2013. Accordingly, the Department recorded a liability for the uninvested principal owed to the funds 

totaling $247.8 billion as of September 30, 2013, as well as for forgone interest payable to the funds for the period May 20, 2013 

through September 30, 2013 totaling $801 million. The liability for the uninvested principal and foregone interest payable as of 

September 30, 2013 was reported on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in the line item, Liability for Restoration of 

Federal Debt Principal and Interest, of which $128.3 billion represented an intra-governmental liability of the combined principal 

and interest payable to the Civil Service Fund and Postal Benefits Fund which are administered by the OPM, and the remaining 

$120.3 billion represented the principal and interest payable to the TSP, a public liability. Corresponding amounts were reported 

in the “Due From the General Fund” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the total $248.6 billion of uninvested principal and 

foregone interest owed to the funds as of September 30, 2013 (refer to Note 4).

17. OTHER DEBT AND INTEREST PAYABLE

The Department, through FFB, has outstanding borrowings and related accrued interest owed to the Civil Service Fund. At 

September 30, 2014 and 2013, FFB had outstanding borrowings of $13.7 billion and $5.8 billion, inclusive of $121 million and $66 

million of accrued interest payable, respectively. In both fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the Department, through FFB, paid $1.4 

billion in principal. The outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2014 had stated interest rates that ranged from 2.88 percent to 

4.63 percent per annum, and an effective interest rate of 3.52 percent. The outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2013 had 
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both a stated and effective interest rate of 4.63 percent per annum. Maturity dates ranged from June 30, 2015 to June 30, 2024 for 

outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2014, and from June 30, 2014 to June 30, 2019 for outstanding borrowings on 

September 30, 2013.

On October 1, 2013, the Department, through FFB, exchanged $9.3 billion of non-Treasury debt securities that did not count 

against the debt limit, for an equivalent amount of Treasury debt securities held by the Civil Service Fund that did count against the 

debt limit. FFB used the Treasury debt securities it had received from the Civil Service Fund to repay $8.8 billion of outstanding 

principal borrowings, including interest, owed to the Fiscal Service. The Fiscal Service then extinguished the Treasury debt

securities it had received from FFB, which thereby helped the Department to remain below the statutory debt limit. These 

transactions resulted in a cumulative $13.7 billion outstanding debt obligation owed by FFB to the Civil Service Fund as of 

September 30, 2014 which was reported as an intra-governmental liability on the Department’s Consolidated Balance Sheets 

entitled “Other Debt and Interest Payable.”
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18. D.C. FEDERAL PENSIONS AND JUDICIAL RETIREMENT ACTUARIAL 

LIABILITY

Title XI of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, as amended was intended to relieve the D.C. government of the burden of unfunded

pension liabilities transferred to the District by the U.S. government in 1979. To fulfill its responsibility, the Department manages 

two funds ― the D.C. Teachers’, Police Officers’, and Firefighters’ Federal Pension Fund (the D.C. Federal Pension Fund) and the 

District of Columbia Judicial Retirement and Survivors’ Annuity Fund (the Judicial Retirement Fund). The Department is 

required to make annual amortized payments from the General Fund to the D.C. Federal Pension Fund and the Judicial Retirement

Fund. The D.C. Federal Pension Fund benefit payments are related to creditable service performed on or before June 30, 1997, 

while the Judicial Retirement Fund benefit payments are related to all creditable service. 

A reconciliation of the combined actuarial pension liability for the D.C. Federal Pension Fund and the Judicial Retirement Fund as 

of September 30, 2014 and 2013 is as follows (in millions): 

2014 2013

Beginning Liability Balance $ 9,164 $ 10,059

Pension Expense:

Normal Cost 6 5

Interest on Pension Liability During the Year 170 199

Actuarial (Gains) Losses During the Year:

From Experience 210 128

From Discount Rate Assumption Change 192 (523)

From Other Assumption Changes (26) (156)

Total Pension Expense 552 (347)

Less Amounts Paid (557) (548)

Ending Liability Balance $ 9,159 $ 9,164
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Additional Information ($ in millions):

D.C. Federal Judicial 2014

Pension Fund Retirement Fund Total

Pensions and Other Actuarial Liability $ 8,949 $ 210 $ 9,159

Funded Liability (3,645) (141) (3,786)

Actuarial Liability (Unfunded) $ 5,304 $ 69 $ 5,373

Amount Received from the General Fund $ 468 $ 10 $ 478

Annual Rate of Investment Return Assumption 1.76% - 4.32% 1.76% - 4.32%

Future Annual Rate of Inflation and Cost-Of-

 Living Adjustment:

 Police Officers 2.39% N/A

 Firefighters 2.39% N/A

 Teachers 2.51% N/A

 Judicial N/A 2.50%

Future Annual Rate of Salary Increases:

 Police Officers 2.31% N/A

 Firefighters 2.20% N/A

 Teachers 3.00% N/A

 Judicial N/A 1.90%

D.C. Federal Judicial 2013

Pension Fund Retirement Fund Total

Pensions and Other Actuarial Liability $ 8,972 $ 192 $ 9,164

Funded Liability (3,652) (138) (3,790)

Actuarial Liability (Unfunded) $ 5,320 $ 54 $ 5,374

Amount Received from the General Fund $ 496 $ 9 $ 505

Annual Rate of Investment Return Assumption 1.86% - 4.41% 1.86% - 4.41%

Future Annual Rate of Inflation and Cost-Of-

 Living Adjustment:

 Police Officers 2.43% N/A

 Firefighters 2.43% N/A

 Teachers 2.53% N/A

 Judicial N/A 2.56%

Future Annual Rate of Salary Increases:

 Police Officers 3.40% N/A

 Firefighters 3.08% N/A

 Teachers 3.90% N/A

 Judicial N/A 2.34%
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19. LIABILITIES

LIABILITIES NOT COVERED BY BUDGETARY AND OTHER RESOURCES 

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, liabilities not covered by budgetary and other resources consisted of the following (in 

millions): 

2014 2013

Intra-governmental Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary 

 and Other Resources

Federal Debt Principal, Premium/Discount (Note 16) $ 5,062,268 $ 4,794,346

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest (Note 16) - 128,272

Other Intra-governmental Liabilities 124 123

Total Intra-governmental Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary 5,062,392 4,922,741

 and Other Resources

Federal Debt Principal, Premium/Discount (Note 16) 12,755,592 11,951,835

Liability for Restoration of Federal Debt Principal and Interest (Note 16) - 120,356

Gold and Silver Reserves (Note 6) 11,062 11,062

D.C. Federal Pensions and Judicial Retirement - Actuarial 

 Liability (Unfunded)(Note 18) 5,373 5,374

Other Liabilities 1,164 2,624

Total Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary and Other Resources 17,835,583 17,013,992

Total Liabilities Covered by Budgetary and Other Resources 1,719,992 1,585,489

Total Liabilities $ 19,555,575 $ 18,599,481

OTHER LIABILITIES

Total “Other Liabilities” displayed on the Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of both liabilities that are covered and not covered 

by budgetary resources. Other liabilities at September 30, 2014 and 2013, consisted of the following (in millions): 

Non- 2014 Non- 2013

Current Current Total Current Current Total

Intra-governmental

Accounts Payable $ 212 $ - $ 212 $ 204 $ - $ 204

Unfunded Federal Workers Compensation 

 Program Liability (FECA) 46 54 100 48 56 104

Other Accrued Liabilities 248 5 253 169 - 169

Total Intra-governmental $ 506 $ 59 $ 565 $ 421 $ 56 $ 477

With the Public

Liability for Deposit Funds (Held by the

 U.S. government for Others)

 and Suspense Accounts $ 222 $ - $ 222 $ 245 $ - $ 245

Actuarial Federal Workers Compensation 

 Program Liability (FECA) - 616 616 - 618 618

Accrued Funded Payroll and Benefits 303 - 303 269 - 269

Accounts Payable and Other Accrued

 Liabilities 3,597 68 3,665 3,047 55 3,102

Total With the Public $ 4,122 $ 684 $ 4,806 $ 3,561 $ 673 $ 4,234
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20. NET POSITION

Unexpended Appropriations represents the amount of spending authorized as of year-end that is unliquidated or unobligated and 

has not lapsed, been rescinded, or withdrawn. No-year appropriations remain available for obligation until expended. Annual 

appropriations remain available for upward or downward adjustment of obligations until expired. Adjustments related to 

unexpended appropriations, such as cancellations of expired funds or rescissions, are reported as “Other Adjustments” on the 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position.

Cumulative Results of Operations represents the net results of operations since inception, and includes cumulative amounts related 

to investments in capitalized assets and donations and transfers of assets in and out without reimbursement. Also included as a 

reduction in Cumulative Results of Operations are accruals for which the related expenses require funding from future 

appropriations and assessments. These future funding requirements include, among others: (a) accumulated annual leave earned 

but not taken, (b) accrued FECA, (c) credit reform cost re-estimates, (d) unfunded D.C. Federal pensions, and (d) expenses for 

contingent liabilities.

APPROPRIATIONS RECEIVED

The amount reported as “Appropriations Received” is appropriated by Congress from the General Fund receipts, such as income 

taxes, that are not dedicated by law for a specific purpose. This amount will not necessarily agree with the “appropriations

(discretionary and mandatory)” amount reported on the Combined Statements of Budgetary Resources because of differences 

between proprietary and budgetary accounting concepts and reporting requirements. For example, certain dedicated receipts are 

recorded as “appropriations (discretionary and mandatory)” on the Combined Statements of Budgetary Resources, but are 

recognized as exchange or non-exchange revenue (i.e., typically in revolving, special, and non-revolving trust funds) and reported 

on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position in accordance with SFFAS No. 7, Accounting for Revenue and Other 

Financing Sources.

TRANSFERS TO THE GENERAL FUND AND OTHER

The amount reported as “Transfers to the General Fund and Other” on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Net Position 

under “Other Financing Sources” includes the following for the year ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (in millions): 

2014 2013

Categories of Transfers to the General Fund and Other

Interest Revenue $ 40,245 $ 38,436

Increase in Liquidation Preference of GSEs Preferred Stock, 

 GSEs Preferred Stock Dividends and Valuation Changes (Note 8) 28,061 126,606

Downward Re-estimates of Credit Reform Subsidies (Notes 7 and 11) 1,598 11,718

Other 2,729 1,216

Total $ 72,633 $ 177,976

Included in “Transfers to the General Fund and Other” is the annual valuation adjustment on the GSE Senior Preferred Stock 

investments and related dividends. These transfers also include distribution of interest revenue to the General Fund. The interest 

revenue is accrued on inter-agency loans held by the Department on behalf of the U.S. government. A corresponding amount is 

reported on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost under “Non-Entity Costs: Less Interest Revenue from Loans.” The amount 

reported on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost is reduced by eliminations with Treasury bureaus. The credit reform 

downward re-estimate subsidies that are transferred to the General Fund result from a change in forecasts of future cash flows. 

The “Other” line mainly represents collections from other federal agencies as reimbursement of costs incurred by the Department 

for its administration of trust funds established within the Social Security Act. The Department is directed by statute to execute 

these administrative services. Seigniorage and numismatic profits also are included in the “Other” line. Seigniorage is the face 
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value of newly minted circulating coins less the cost of production. Numismatic profit is any profit on the sale of proof coins, 

uncirculated coins, commemorative coins, and related products and accessories. The United States Mint is required to distribute 

seigniorage and numismatic profits in excess of operating expenses to the General Fund (refer to Note 22). In any given year, the 

amount recognized as seigniorage may differ from the amount distributed to the General Fund by an insignificant amount due to

timing differences. 

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF 

TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS

The Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost display information on a consolidated basis. The Department consists of 

DO and seven operating bureaus that the Department provides supporting schedules for Net Cost in the notes to the financial 

statements (refer to Note 1). These supporting schedules provide consolidating information, which fully displays the costs, 

revenues, and net cost of DO and each operating bureau.

The classification of sub-organizations has been determined in accordance with SFFAS No. 4, Managerial Cost Accounting 

Concepts and Standards for the Federal Government which states that the predominant factor is the reporting entity’s 

organization structure and existing responsibility components, such as bureaus, administrations, offices, and divisions within a 

department.

Each sub-organization is responsible for accumulating costs. The assignment of the costs to Department-wide programs is the 

result of using the following cost assignment methods: (1) direct costs, (2) cause and effect, and (3) cost allocation.

INTRA-DEPARTMENTAL COSTS/REVENUES

Intra-departmental costs/revenues resulting from the provision of goods and/or services on a reimbursable basis among 

Departmental sub-organizations are reported as costs by providing sub-organizations and as revenues by receiving suborganizations. The Department recognized intra-departmental imputed costs on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost of $564

million and $621 million during fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively. Accordingly, such costs or revenues are eliminated in the 

consolidation process.

INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL COSTS

Intra-governmental costs relate to the source of goods and services purchased by the Department and not to the classification of 

the related intra-governmental revenue.

In certain cases, other federal agencies incur costs that are directly identifiable to the Department’s operations. In accordance with 

SFFAS No. 30, Inter-Entity Cost Implementation Amending SFFAS No. 4, Managerial Cost Accounting Standards and Concepts, 

the Department recognizes identified costs paid on behalf of the Department by other agencies. The imputed inter-departmental 

financing sources currently recognized by the Department include the actual cost of future benefits for the federal pension plans 

that are paid by other federal entities, the FEHB, and any un-reimbursed contract dispute payments made from the Treasury 

Judgment Fund on behalf of the Department. The funding for these costs is reflected as costs on the Consolidated Statements of 

Net Cost, and as imputed financing sources on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Net Position. Costs paid by other 

agencies on behalf of the Department were $796 million and $776 million for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, 

respectively.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET COST PRESENTATION

OMB Circular No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements, as revised, requires that the presentation of the Consolidated 

Statements of Net Cost align directly with the goals and outcomes identified in the Strategic Plan. Accordingly, the Department has 

presented the gross costs and earned revenues by the applicable strategic goals in its fiscal years 2014 – 2017 Strategic Plan. The 

majority of Treasury bureaus’ and reporting entities’ net cost information falls within a single strategic goal in the Consolidated 

Statements of Net Cost. DO and TTB allocate costs and related revenues to multiple programs using a net cost percentage 

calculation. All of the Department’s management offices coordinate, on a Treasury-wide basis, their efforts to achieve the 

Management program-related strategic goals (refer to the Strategic Framework section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis). 

For financial statement presentation purposes, the net costs associated with the Department’s Management program-related goals 

are combined with the net costs associated with the Financial program-related strategic goals. 

The Department’s Consolidated Statements of Net Cost also present interest expense on the Federal Debt and other federal costs 

incurred on behalf of the U.S. government. These costs are not reflected as program costs related to the Department’s strategic 

plan missions. Such costs are eliminated in the consolidation process to the extent that they involve transactions with Treasury 

sub-organizations. 

Non-entity other federal costs shown on the Consolidated Statements of Net Cost for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 

consisted of the following (in millions): 

2014 2013

Credit Reform Interest on Uninvested Fund (Intra-governmental) $ 7,800 $ 8,210

Judgment Claims and Contract Disputes 2,642 5,125

Resolution Funding Corporation 2,628 2,503

Corporation for Public Broadcasting 445 422

All Other Payments 539 746

Total $ 14,054 $ 17,006
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

108

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF 

TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS (IN MILLIONS)

For Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2014

Program Costs

Bureau of

Engraving &

Printing

Bureau of the

Fiscal

Service

Departmental

Office(a)

Financial 

Crimes 

Enforcement 

Network

Internal 

Revenue 

Service U.S. Mint

FINANCIAL PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs $ - $ 364 $ 3,231 $ - $ 4,348 $ -

Less: Earned Revenue - (150) (3,146) - (95) -

Intra-governmental Net Costs - 214 85 - 4,253 -

Gross Costs with the Public - 1,407 883 - 8,286 -

Less: Earned Revenue - - (2) - (398) -

Net Costs with the Public - 1,407 881 - 7,888 -

 Net Cost: Financial Program - 1,621 966 - 12,141 -

ECONOMIC PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs 105 - 760 - - 74

Less: Earned Revenue (5) - (96) - - (3)

Intra-governmental Net Costs 100 - 664 - - 71

Gross Costs with the Public 517 - 13,815 - - 2,700

Less: Earned Revenue (661) - (2,531) - - (2,781)

Net Costs with the Public (144) - 11,284 - - (81)

 Net Cost (Revenue): Economic Program (44) - 11,948 - - (10)

SECURITY PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs - - 172 31 - -

Less: Earned Revenue - - (22) - - -

Intra-governmental Net Costs - - 150 31 - -

Gross Costs with the Public - - 158 79 - -

Less: Earned Revenue - - - - - -

Net Costs with the Public - - 158 79 - -

 Net Cost: Security Program - - 308 110 - -

Total Net Program Cost (Revenue)

 Before Changes in Actuarial

 Assumptions (44) 1,621 13,222 110 12,141 (10)

(Gain)/Loss on Pension, ORB, or OPEB

 Assumption Changes - - 166 - - -

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From)

 Treasury Operations $ (44) $ 1,621 $ 13,388 $ 110 $ 12,141 $ (10)

(a) Of the total $11.9 billion of net cost reported by Departmental Offices for the Economic Program, OFS, DO Policy Offices, Treasury International Assistance 

Programs, and ESF contributed $3.0 billion, $3.7 billion, $2.2 billion, and $1.9 billion respectively. Other net costs were spread throughout other DO programs 

or offices. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

109

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF 

TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS (IN MILLIONS) (CON’T):

For Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2014

Program Costs

Office of the 

Comptroller of the 

Currency

Alcohol

and

Tobacco

Tax and

Trade

Bureau

Combined 

Total Eliminations

2014 

Consolidated

FINANCIAL PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs $ - $ 14 $ 7,957 $ 3,449 $ 4,508

Less: Earned Revenue - (2) (3,393) (687) (2,706)

Intra-governmental Net Costs - 12 4,564 2,762 1,802

Gross Costs with the Public - 40 10,616 - 10,616

Less: Earned Revenue - (2) (402) - (402)

Net Costs with the Public - 38 10,214 - 10,214

 Net Cost: Financial Program - 50 14,778 2,762 12,016

ECONOMIC PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs 147 14 1,100 728 372

Less: Earned Revenue (29) (1) (134) (93) (41)

Intra-governmental Net Costs 118 13 966 635 331

Gross Costs with the Public 910 40 17,982 - 17,982

Less: Earned Revenue (1,010) (1) (6,984) - (6,984)

Net Costs with the Public (100) 39 10,998 - 10,998

 Net Cost (Revenue): Economic Program 18 52 11,964 635 11,329

SECURITY PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs - - 203 65 138

Less: Earned Revenue - - (22) (14) (8)

Intra-governmental Net Costs - - 181 51 130

Gross Costs with the Public - - 237 - 237

Less: Earned Revenue - - - - -

Net Costs with the Public - - 237 - 237

 Net Cost: Security Program - - 418 51 367

Total Net Program Cost (Revenue)

 Before Changes in Actuarial

 Assumptions 18 102 27,160 3,448 23,712

(Gain)/Loss on Pension, ORB, or OPEB

 Assumption Changes 4 - 170 - 170

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From)

 Treasury Operations $ 22 $ 102 $ 27,330 $ 3,448 $ 23,882
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

110

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF 

TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS (IN MILLIONS) (CON’T):

For Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2013

Program Costs

Bureau of

Engraving &

Printing

Bureau of the

Fiscal

Service

Departmental

Office(a)

Financial 

Crimes 

Enforcement 

Network

Internal 

Revenue 

Service U.S. Mint

FINANCIAL PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs $ - $ 342 $ 2,527 $ - $ 4,409 $ -

Less: Earned Revenue - (146) (3,069) - (99) -

Intra-governmental Net Costs - 196 (542) - 4,310 -

Gross Costs with the Public - 1,367 855 - 8,392 -

Less: Earned Revenue - (1) (32) - (402) -

Net Costs with the Public - 1,366 823 - 7,990 -

 Net Cost: Financial Program - 1,562 281 - 12,300 -

ECONOMIC PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs 95 - 1,505 - - 76

Less: Earned Revenue (2) - (327) - - (3)

Intra-governmental Net Costs 93 - 1,178 - - 73

Gross Costs with the Public 591 - (6,744) - - 4,009

Less: Earned Revenue (693) - (1,528) - - (4,165)

Net Costs with the Public (102) - (8,272) - - (156)

 Net Cost (Revenue): Economic Program (9) - (7,094) - - (83)

SECURITY PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs - - 184 43 - -

Less: Earned Revenue - - (46) (1) - -

Intra-governmental Net Costs - - 138 42 - -

Gross Costs with the Public - - 162 71 - -

Less: Earned Revenue - - - - - -

Net Costs with the Public - - 162 71 - -

 Net Cost: Security Program - - 300 113 - -

Total Net Program Cost (Revenue)

 Before Changes in Actuarial

 Assumptions (9) 1,562 (6,513) 113 12,300 (83)

(Gain)/Loss on Pension, ORB, or OPEB

 Assumption Changes - - (679) - - -

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From)

 Treasury Operations $ (9)$ 1,562 $ (7,192)$ 113 $ 12,300 $ (83)

(a) Of the total $7.1 billion of net revenue reported by Departmental Offices for the Economic Program, GSE and OFS contributed $9.2 billion and $7.7 billion, 

respectively, of net revenue, partially offset by DO Policy Offices, ESF, and Treasury International Assistance Programs of $5.6 billion, $1.7 billion, and $2.2 

billion, respectively. Other net costs were spread throughout other DO programs or offices. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

111

21. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF NET COST AND NET COSTS OF 

TREASURY SUB-ORGANIZATIONS (IN MILLIONS) (CON’T):

For Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2013

Program Costs

Office of the 

Comptroller of the 

Currency

Alcohol

and

Tobacco

Tax and

Trade

Bureau

Combined 

Total Eliminations

2013 

Consolidated

FINANCIAL PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs $ - $ 14 $ 7,292 $ 3,016 $ 4,276

Less: Earned Revenue - (3) (3,317) (627) (2,690)

Intra-governmental Net Costs - 11 3,975 2,389 1,586

Gross Costs with the Public - 39 10,653 - 10,653

Less: Earned Revenue - (2) (437) - (437)

Net Costs with the Public - 37 10,216 - 10,216

 Net Cost: Financial Program - 48 14,191 2,389 11,802

ECONOMIC PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs 142 15 1,833 1,462 371

Less: Earned Revenue (32) (1) (365) (338) (27)

Intra-governmental Net Costs 110 14 1,468 1,124 344

Gross Costs with the Public 899 40 (1,205) - (1,205)

Less: Earned Revenue (975) (1) (7,362) - (7,362)

Net Costs with the Public (76) 39 (8,567) - (8,567)

 Net Cost (Revenue): Economic Program 34 53 (7,099) 1,124 (8,223)

SECURITY PROGRAM

Intra-governmental Gross Costs - - 227 66 161

Less: Earned Revenue - - (47) (40) (7)

Intra-governmental Net Costs - - 180 26 154

Gross Costs with the Public - - 233 - 233

Less: Earned Revenue - - - - -

Net Costs with the Public - - 233 - 233

 Net Cost: Security Program - - 413 26 387

Total Net Program Cost (Revenue)

 Before Changes in Actuarial

 Assumptions 34 101 7,505 3,539 3,966

(Gain)/Loss on Pension, ORB, or OPEB

 Assumption Changes (5) - (684) - (684)

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From)

 Treasury Operations $ 29 $ 101 $ 6,821 $ 3,539 $ 3,282
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

112

22. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATED TO THE COMBINED 

STATEMENTS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

UNDELIVERED ORDERS

Undelivered orders represent goods and services ordered and obligated, which have not been received. This includes any orders for 

which advance payment has been made, but for which delivery or performance has not yet occurred. Undelivered orders at 

September 30, 2014 and 2013 are shown below (in millions): 

2014 2013

Paid $ 9 $ 42

Unpaid 165,644 172,804

Undelivered orders at the end of the year $ 165,653 $ 172,846

CONTRIBUTED CAPITAL

Contributed capital represents the current year authority and prior year balances of amounts actually transferred through nonexpenditure transfers to miscellaneous receipt accounts of the General Fund of the Treasury to repay a portion of a capital 

investment or transfer seigniorage and numismatic profits (refer to Note 20). Contributed capital for the fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $25 million and $42 million, respectively. 

APPORTIONMENT CATEGORIES OF OBLIGATIONS INCURRED

Apportionment categories are determined in accordance with the guidance provided in OMB Circular No. A-11, Preparation, 

Submission and Execution of the Budget. Apportionment Category A represents resources apportioned for calendar quarters. 

Apportionment Category B represents resources apportioned for other time periods for activities, projects or objectives, or for any 

combination thereof. Obligations incurred for direct and reimbursable obligations by apportionment category for the fiscal years 

ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are shown below (in millions): 

2014 2013

Direct - Category A $ 117 $ 173

Direct - Category B 41,689 51,173

Direct - Exempt from Apportionment 444,343 429,364

Total Direct 486,149 480,710

Reimbursable - Category B 4,400 5,448

Reimbursable - Exempt from Apportionment 1,102 1,273

Total Reimbursable 5,502 6,721

Total Direct and Reimbursable $ 491,651 $ 487,431

TERMS OF BORROWING AUTHORITY USED

Several Departmental programs have authority to borrow under the FCRA, as amended. The FCRA provides indefinite borrowing 

authority to financing accounts to fund the unsubsidized portion of direct loans and to satisfy obligations in the event the financing 

account’s resources are insufficient. Repayment requirements are defined by OMB Circular No. A-11. Interest expense due is 

calculated based on the beginning balance of borrowings outstanding and the borrowings/repayments activity that occurred during 

the fiscal year. Undisbursed Departmental borrowings earn interest at the same rate as the financing account pays on its debt owed 

to the Fiscal Service. In the event that principal and interest collections exceed the interest expense due, the excess will be repaid 

to the Department. If principal and interest do not exceed interest expense due, the Department will borrow the difference. The 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

113

Department makes periodic principal repayments based on the analysis of cash balances and future disbursement needs. All 

interest on borrowings are due on September 30. Interest rates on FCRA borrowings range from 0.04 percent to 7.59 percent.

AVAILABLE BORROWING

The available borrowing authority and related changes in available borrowing authority as of and for the fiscal years ended 

September 30, 2014 and 2013 are shown below (in millions): 

2014 2013

Beginning Balance $ 103,333 $ 109,930

Current Authority 1,200 576

Borrowing Authority Withdrawn (4,404) (5,130)

Borrowing Authority Converted to Cash (881) (2,043)

Ending Balance $ 99,248 $ 103,333

RECONCILIATION OF THE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET

The Budget of the United States (also known as the President’s Budget), with actual numbers for fiscal year 2014, was not 

published at the time that these financial statements were issued. The President’s Budget is expected to be published in February 

2015, and can be located at the OMB website http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb and will be available from the U.S. government 

Printing Office. The following chart displays the differences between the Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR) in the 

fiscal year 2013 Agency Financial Report and the actual fiscal year 2013 balances included in the fiscal year 2015 President’s 

Budget. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

114

Reconciliation of Fiscal Year 2013 Combined Statement of Budgetary Resources

to the Fiscal Year 2015 President's Budget

(in millions)

Budgetary 

Resources

Outlays (net 

of offsetting 

collections)

Distributed 

Offsetting 

Receipts Net Outlays

Obligations 

Incurred

Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR) Amounts $ 857,781 $ 438,262 $ (151,404) $ 286,858 $ 487,431

Included in the Treasury Department Chapter of the 

President’s Budget (PB) but not in the SBR 

IRS non-entity tax credit payments and other outlays (1) 91,470 91,460 - 91,460 91,470

Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) non-entity collections for Puerto Rico 349 349 - 349 349

Continued dumping subsidy - U.S. Customs and Border Patrol 88 127 - 127 127

Other (1) 54 (10) 44 55

Subtotal 91,906 91,990 (10) 91,980 92,001

Included in the SBR but not in the Treasury Department 

chapter of the PB

Treasury resources shown in non-Treasury chapters of the PB (2) (49,419) (7,179) - (7,179) (9,155)

Offsetting collections net of collections shown in PB (10,118) - (158) (158) -

Treasury offsetting receipts shown in other chapters of PB - - 19 19 -

Unobligated balance carried forward, recoveries of prior year funds 

and expired accounts (236,073) - - - -

ESF resources not shown in PB (3) (42,394) - - - -

Treasury Financing Accounts (CDFI, GSE, OFS and SBLF) (17,630) 26,995 - 26,995 (15,666)

Enacted reduction, 50% Transfer Accounts, and Capital Transfers 

to General Fund not included in PB (52) - - - -

Other (5) (4) - (4) (5)

Subtotal (355,691) 19,812 (139) 19,673 (24,826)

Trust Funds (4) (2,410) (73) - (73) (1,019)

President's Budget Amounts(5) $ 591,586 $ 549,991 $ (151,553) $ 398,438 $ 553,587

(1) These are primarily Earned Income Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit, and Build America Bond payments that are reported with refunds as custodial 

activities in the Department’s financial statements and thus are not reported as budgetary resources.

(2) The largest of these resources relate to the Department’s International Assistance Programs.

(3) The ESF is a self-sustaining component. Its primary sources of revenue are derived from interest on the ESF’s SDR holdings, investments in U.S. 

Treasury securities, and investments in foreign currency-denominated assets.

(4) The Trust Funds' (OCC, CDFI Capital Magnet Fund & Cheyenne River Restoration) negative outlays appear in the offsetting receipts section of the 

Analytical Perspectives.

(5) Per the President’s Budget for fiscal year 2015 – Budgetary Resources and Outlays are from the Analytical Perspective. Offsetting Receipts and 

Obligations Incurred are from the Appendix.

LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS AFFECTING USE OF UNOBLIGATED BALANCES

The use of unobligated balances is restricted based on annual legislation requirements or enabling authorities. Funds are 

presumed to be available for only one fiscal year unless otherwise noted in the annual appropriation language. Unobligated 

balances in unexpired fund symbols are available in the next fiscal year for new obligations unless some restrictions had been 

placed on those funds by law. In those situations, the restricted funding will be temporarily unavailable until such time as the 

reasons for the restriction have been satisfied or legislation has been enacted to remove the restriction.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

115

Amounts in expired fund symbols are not available for new obligations, but may be used to adjust obligations and make 

disbursements that were recorded before the budgetary authority expired or to meet a bona fide need that arose in the fiscal year 

for which the appropriation was made.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

116

23. COLLECTION AND DISPOSITION OF CUSTODIAL REVENUE 

The Department collects the majority of federal revenue from income and excise taxes. Collection activity, by revenue type and tax 

year, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are shown below (in millions): 

Tax Year

Pre- 2014

2014 2013 2012 2012 Collections

Individual Income and FICA Taxes $ 1,691,131 $ 864,318 $ 24,251 $ 25,349 $ 2,605,049

Corporate Income Taxes 252,895 87,966 1,188 11,092 353,141

Estate and Gift Taxes 44 7,005 879 12,227 20,155

Excise Taxes 71,133 22,080 56 136 93,405

Railroad Retirement Taxes 4,579 1,370 3 2 5,954

Unemployment Taxes 4,141 4,306 52 113 8,612

Fines, Penalties, Interest & Other Revenue -

 Tax Related 262 - - 1 263

Tax Related Revenue Received 2,024,185 987,045 26,429 48,920 3,086,579

Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System 76,944 22,291 - - 99,235

Fines, Penalties, Interest & Other Revenue -

 Non-Tax Related 3,317 932 - - 4,249

Non-Tax Related Revenue Received 80,261 23,223 - - 103,484

Total Revenue Received $ 2,104,446 $ 1,010,268 $ 26,429 $ 48,920 $ 3,190,063

Less Amounts Collected for Non-Federal Entities 312

Total $ 3,189,751

Tax Year

 Pre- 2013 

2013 2012 2011 2011 Collections

Individual Income and FICA Taxes $ 1,580,379 $ 821,555 $ 22,270 $ 24,342 $ 2,448,546

Corporate Income Taxes 217,602 83,575 2,005 8,812 311,994

Estate and Gift Taxes 27 10,243 625 8,935 19,830

Excise Taxes 60,880 22,912 50 128 83,970

Railroad Retirement Taxes 4,192 1,317 1 1 5,511

Unemployment Taxes 3,974 3,786 51 85 7,896

Fines, Penalties, Interest & Other Revenue -

 Tax Related 1,155 113 - - 1,268

Tax Related Revenue Received 1,868,209 943,501 25,002 42,303 2,879,015

Deposit of Earnings, Federal Reserve System 53,958 21,809 - - 75,767

Fines, Penalties, Interest & Other Revenue -

 Non-Tax Related 1,322 296 - - 1,618

Non-Tax Related Revenue Received 55,280 22,105 - - 77,385

Total Revenue Received $ 1,923,489 $ 965,606 $ 25,002 $ 42,303 $ 2,956,400

Less Amounts Collected for Non-Federal Entities 358

Total $ 2,956,042
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

117

AMOUNTS PROVIDED TO FUND THE U.S. GOVERNMENT 

For the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, collections of custodial revenue transferred to other federal entities were as 

follows (in millions): 

2014 2013

Department of the Interior $ 769 $ 763

General Fund 2,815,119 2,593,079

Total(1) $ 2,815,888$ 2,593,842

(1) Transferred amounts in fiscal year 2013 include Amounts Provided to Fund the Federal Government and Cash Proceeds from (AIG) Stock Sales 

Provided to Fund the Federal Government, as reported on the Statements of Custodial Activity.

FEDERAL TAX REFUNDS AND OTHER PAYMENTS 

Federal tax refunds and other payments include amounts paid to taxpayers who have paid more than the actual taxes they owe, as 

well as payments for various refundable tax credits. Refunds and other payments, by revenue type and tax year, was as follows for 

the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 (in millions): 

Tax Year

2014

2014 2013 2012

Pre2012Refunds / 

Payments

Individual Income and FICA Taxes $ 13,681 $ 290,791 $ 23,988 $ 7,298 $ 335,758

Corporate Income Taxes 4,439 10,935 6,655 13,285 35,314

Estate and Gift Taxes - 227 419 234 880

Excise Taxes 454 900 182 207 1,743

Railroad Retirement Taxes - 2 - 18 20

Unemployment Taxes - 114 16 18 148

Total $ 18,574 $ 302,969 $ 31,260 $ 21,060 $ 373,863

Tax Year

2013

2013 2012 2011

Pre2011Refunds / 

Payments

Individual Income and FICA Taxes $ 702 $ 287,132 $ 21,861 $ 10,740 $ 320,435

Corporate Income Taxes 5,358 12,893 6,717 16,601 41,569

Estate and Gift Taxes - 188 298 561 1,047

Excise Taxes 512 797 91 118 1,518

Railroad Retirement Taxes - 2 - 70 72

Unemployment Taxes 1 112 20 14 147

Total $ 6,573 $ 301,124 $ 28,987 $ 28,104 $ 364,788

FEDERAL TAX REFUNDS AND OTHER AMOUNTS PAYABLE

As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, refunds and other amounts payable consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

Internal Revenue Service $ 4,722 $ 2,910

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 1 4

Total $ 4,723 $ 2,914
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

118

24. FUNDS FROM DEDICATED COLLECTIONS

The majority of the Department’s FDC activities are attributed to the ESF. In addition, such funds managed by BEP, Mint, and

OCC (the Department’s non-appropriated bureaus) and certain funds managed by the IRS are public enterprise (or revolving) 

funds and receive no appropriations from the Congress. Other miscellaneous FDCs are managed by the Fiscal Service, DO, IRS, 

FRF, and TFF.

The following is a list of FDCs and a brief description of the purpose, accounting, and uses of these funds.

Bureau Fund Code Fund Title/Description

Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF)

ESF 020X4444 Exchange Stabilization Fund

Public Enterprise/Revolving Funds

BEP 020X4502 Bureau of Engraving and Printing Fund

MNT 020X4159 Public Enterprise Fund

OCC 020X8413 Assessment Funds

IRS 020X4413 Federal Tax Lien Revolving Fund

Other FDC Funds

Fiscal Service 020X5080 Gifts to Reduce Public Debt

Fiscal Service 020X5081 Presidential Election Campaign

Fiscal Service 020X8625 Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund

Fiscal Service 020X8902 Esther Cattell Schmitt Gift Fund

Fiscal Service 5805585 Travel Promotion Fund, Corp for Travel Promotion

Fiscal Service 580X5585 Travel Promotion Fund, Corp for Travel Promotion

Fiscal Service 0205445003 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0208/95445 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0209/05445 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0200/15445 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0201/25445 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0202/35445 Debt Collection Special Fund

Fiscal Service 0203/45445 Debt Collection Special Fund 

Fiscal Service 0204/55445 Debt Collection Special Fund

DO 020X5816 Confiscated and Vested Iraqi Property and Assets

DO 020X8790 Gifts and Bequests Trust Fund

IRS 020X5510 Private Collection Agency Program

IRS 020X5433 Informant Reimbursement

FRF 020X5590 Financial Research Fund

TFF 020X5697 Treasury Forfeiture Fund

Pursuant to the legal authority found in Section 10 of the Gold Reserve Act of 1934, as amended, the ESF may purchase or sell

foreign currencies, hold U.S. foreign exchange and SDR assets, and may provide financing to foreign governments and foreign 

entities. The ESF accounts for and reports its holdings to the Fiscal Service on the Standard Form 224, “Statement of 

Transactions,” and provides other reports to Congress. Interest on SDRs in the IMF, investments in U.S. Treasury securities, and 

investments in foreign currency assets are ESF’s primary sources of revenue. The ESF’s earnings and realized gains on foreign 

currency assets represent inflows of resources to the government, and the interest revenues earned from U.S. Securities are the 

result of intra-Departmental flows.

The BEP, Mint, OCC, and IRS operate “public enterprise/revolving funds” to account for their respective revenues and expenses. 

31 USC § 5142 established the revolving fund for BEP to account for revenue and expenses related to the currency printing 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

119

activities. P.L. 104-52 (31 USC § 5136) established the Public Enterprise Fund for the Mint to account for all revenue and expenses 

related to the production and sale of numismatic products and circulating coinage. Revenues and other financing sources at the 

Mint are mainly from the sale of numismatic and bullion products and the sale of circulating coins to the FRB system. These 

revenues represent inflows of resources to the government. 12 USC § 481 established the Assessment Funds for OCC. Revenue and 

financing sources are from the bank examinations and assessments for the oversight of the national banks, savings associations, 

and savings and loan holding companies. These non-appropriated funds contribute to the inflows of resources to the government 

to specifically fund these entity’s operations. 26 USC § 7810 established the Federal Tax Lien Revolving Fund to account for

revenue and expenses from the sale of property foreclosed upon by a holder of a lien. Such revenue represents inflows of resources 

to the federal government. There are minimal transactions with other government agencies.

There are other FDCs at several Treasury bureaus, such as donations to the Presidential Election Campaign Fund, gifts to reduce 

the public debt, and other enforcement related activities. Public laws and the U.S. Code established and authorized the use of these 

funds. Sources of revenues and other financing sources include contributions, cash and property forfeited in enforcement 

activities, and public donations, all which represent inflows to the government.

INTRA-GOVERNMENTAL INVESTMENTS IN TREASURY SECURITIES

The U.S. government does not set aside assets to pay future benefits or other expenditures associated with FDCs. The 

Department’s bureaus and other federal agencies invest some of the funds that they collect from the public, if they have the 

statutory authority to do so, in securities issued by the Fiscal Service. The cash collected by the Fiscal Service is deposited in the 

General Fund, which uses the cash for general government purposes.

The investments provide Department bureaus and other federal agencies with authority to draw upon the General Fund to make 

future benefit payments or other expenditures. When the Department bureaus or other federal agencies require redemption of 

these securities to make expenditures, the government finances those redemptions out of accumulated cash balances, by raising 

taxes or other receipts, by borrowing from the public or repaying less debt, or by curtailing other expenditures. This is the same 

way that the government finances all other expenditures.

The securities are an asset to the Department bureaus and other federal agencies and a liability of the Fiscal Service. The General 

Fund is liable to the Fiscal Service. Because the Department bureaus and other federal agencies are parts of the U.S. government, 

these assets and liabilities offset each other from the standpoint of the government as a whole. For this reason, they do not 

represent an asset or a liability in the U.S. government-wide financial statements.

The balances related to the investments made by the Department bureaus are not displayed on the Department’s financial 

statements because the bureaus are subcomponents of the Department. However, the General Fund remains liable to the Fiscal 

Service for the invested balances and the Fiscal Service remains liable to the investing Department bureaus (refer to Note 4).
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Summary Information for Funds from Dedicated Collections

as of and for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2014

Public

Exchange Enterprise/

Stabilization Revolving Other FDC Combined

(in millions) Fund Funds Funds FDC Funds

ASSETS

Fund Balance $ - $ 930 $ 687 $ 1,617

Investments and Related Interest – Intra-governmental 22,649 935 2,827 26,411

Cash, Foreign Currency and Other Monetary Assets 57,592 - 26 57,618

Investments and Related Interest 17,904 - - 17,904

Other Assets - 1,787 148 1,935

Total Assets $ 98,145 $ 3,652 $ 3,688 $ 105,485

LIABILITIES

Intra-governmental Liabilities $ - $ 34 $ 629 $ 663

Certificates Issued to Federal Reserve Banks 5,200 - - 5,200

Allocation of Special Drawing Rights 52,358 - - 52,358

Other Liabilities 6 411 183 600

Total Liabilities 57,564 445 812 58,821

Net Position

Unexpended Appropriations 200 - - 200

Cumulative Results of Operations 40,381 3,207 2,876 46,464

Total Liabilities and Net Position $ 98,145 $ 3,652 $ 3,688 $ 105,485

Statement of Net Cost

Gross Cost $ 3,875 $ 4,453 $ 538 $ 8,866

Less: Earned Revenue (1,976) (4,490) (134) (6,600)

(Gains)/Losses on Pension, ORB, or OPEB Assumption Changes - 4 - 4

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From) Operations $ 1,899 $ (33)$ 404 $ 2,270

Statement of Changes in Net Position

Cumulative Results of Operations:

Beginning Balance $ 42,280 $ 3,065 $ 3,132 $ 48,477

Budgetary Financing Sources - (22) 69 47

Other Financing Sources - 131 79 210

Total Financing Sources - 109 148 257

Net Cost of (Revenue From) Operations (1,899) 33 (404) (2,270)

Change in Net Position (1,899) 142 (256) (2,013)

Ending Balance $ 40,381 $ 3,207 $ 2,876 $ 46,464
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Summary Information for Funds from Dedicated Collections

as of and for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2013

Public

Exchange Enterprise/

Stabilization Revolving Other FDC Combined 

(in millions) Fund Funds Funds FDC Funds

ASSETS

Fund Balance $ - $ 801 $ 742 $ 1,543

Investments and Related Interest – Intra-governmental 22,670 1,310 3,210 27,190

Cash, Foreign Currency and Other Monetary Assets 65,097 - 12 65,109

Investments and Related Interest 14,096 - - 14,096

Other Assets - 1,549 120 1,669

Total Assets $ 101,863 $ 3,660 $ 4,084 $ 109,607

LIABILITIES

Intra-governmental Liabilities $ - $ 33 $ 499 $ 532

Certificates Issued to Federal Reserve Banks 5,200 - - 5,200

Allocation of Special Drawing Rights 54,177 - - 54,177

Other Liabilities 6 562 453 1,021

Total Liabilities 59,383 595 952 60,930

Net Position

Unexpended Appropriations 200 - - 200

Cumulative Results of Operations 42,280 3,065 3,132 48,477

Total Liabilities and Net Position $ 101,863 $ 3,660 $ 4,084 $ 109,607

Statement of Net Cost

Gross Cost $ 2,163 $ 5,812 $ 468 $ 8,443

Less: Earned Revenue (453) (5,871) - (6,324)

(Gains)/Losses on Pension, ORB, or OPEB Assumption Changes - (5) - (5)

Total Net Cost of (Revenue From) Operations $ 1,710 $ (64)$ 468 $ 2,114

Statement of Changes in Net Position

Cumulative Results of Operations:

Beginning Balance $ 43,990 $ 3,165 $ 1,892 $ 49,047

Budgetary Financing Sources - (42) 1,647 1,605

Other Financing Sources - (122) 61 (61)

Total Financing Sources - (164) 1,708 1,544

Net Cost of (Revenue From) Operations (1,710) 64 (468) (2,114)

Change in Net Position (1,710) (100) 1,240 (570)

Ending Balance $ 42,280 $ 3,065 $ 3,132 $ 48,477
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25. RECONCILIATION OF NET COST OF TREASURY OPERATIONS AND 

NON-ENTITY COSTS TO BUDGET

The Reconciliation of Net Cost of Operations to Budget explains the difference between the budgetary net obligations and the 

proprietary net cost of Treasury operations and non-entity costs. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, the 

Reconciliation of Net Cost of Operations to Budget consisted of the following (in millions):

2014 2013

RESOURCES USED TO FINANCE ACTIVITIES

Budgetary Resources Obligated:

Obligations Incurred (Note 22) $ 491,651 $ 487,431

Less: Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections and Recoveries of Prior Year Unpaid

 Obligations (36,244) (67,901)

Obligations Net of Offsetting Collections and Recoveries 455,407 419,530

Less: Distributed Offsetting Receipts (125,584) (151,404)

Net Obligations 329,823 268,126

Other Resources:

Donations and Forfeiture of Property 140 135

Financing Sources for Accrued Interest and Discount on Debt 7,404 10,905

Financing Sources for Accrued Interest on Restoration of Federal Debt Principal (Note 16) (801) 801

Transfers In/Out Without Reimbursement (44) (42)

Imputed Financing Sources from Cost Absorbed by Others 796 776

Transfers to the General Fund and Other (Note 20) (72,633) (177,976)

Net Other Resources Used to Finance Activities (65,138) (165,401)

Total Resources Used to Finance Activities 264,685 102,725

RESOURCES USED TO FINANCE ITEMS NOT PART OF THE NET COST OF

 TREASURY OPERATIONS AND NON-ENTITY COSTS

Change in Budgetary Resources Obligated for Goods, Services, and Benefits Ordered but not

 yet Provided (6,217) (12,595)

Resources that Fund Expenses Recognized in Prior Periods (9,409) (8,930)

Budgetary Offsetting Collections & Receipts that do not affect Net Cost of Treasury

 Operations and Non-Entity Costs (127,130) (175,527)

Adjustment to Accrued Interest and Discount on Debt 5,260 1,381

Resources that Finance the Acquisition of Assets or Liquidation of Liabilities 1,053 (1,225)

Other Resources or Adjustments to Net Obligated Resources that do not Affect Net Cost of

 Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs (1,649) (332)

Total Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost of Treasury Operations and

 Non-Entity Costs (138,092) (197,228)

Total Resources Used to Finance the Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-

 Entity Costs 402,777 299,953

Total Components of Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs That Will

 Require or Generate Resources in Future Periods (1,688) (18,865)

Total Components of Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs That Will Not

 Require or Generate Resources(a) 2,871 2,536

Total Components of Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs

 That Will Not Require or Generate Resources in the Current Period 1,183 (16,329)

Net Cost of Treasury Operations and Non-Entity Costs $ 403,960 $ 283,624

(a) The Components not requiring or generating resources primarily include depreciation and amortization and revaluation of assets or liabilities. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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26. SCHEDULE OF FIDUCIARY ACTIVITY

The following funds have been identified by the Department as meeting the criteria for fiduciary activity. Details of the funds are 

provided below.

Bureau Fund Code Authority Fund Title/Description

BEP 020X6513.013 31 USC 5119 Mutilated Currency Claims Funds

Fiscal Service 020X6045 31 USC 3328 Proceeds, Payments of Unpaid Checks

Fiscal Service 020X6048 31 USC 3329, 3330 Proceeds of Withheld Foreign Checks

Fiscal Service 02015X6078 50 APP. USC 2012 War Claims Fund, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission

Fiscal Service 020X6092 31 USC 1321 Debt Management Operations

Fiscal Service 020X6104 22 USC 1627 Albanian Claims Fund, Treasury

Fiscal Service 020X6133 31 USC 1322 Payment of Unclaimed Moneys

Fiscal Service 020X6210 22 USC 1623 Iraq Claims Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6309 22 USC 1627(a) Libyan Claims Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6310 22 USC 1627(a) Libyan Claims Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6311 98 Stat. 1876 Kennedy Center Revenue Bond

Fiscal Service 020X6312 22 USC 1627 Iranian Claims Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6314 22 USC 1644g German Democrat Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6315 22 USC 1645h Vietnam Claims Settlement Fund

Fiscal Service 020X6501.018 31 USC 3513 Small Escrow Amounts

Fiscal Service 020X6720 31 USC 3513 SM DIF Account for Dep. & Check Adj.

Fiscal Service 020X6830 104 Stat. 1061 Net Interest Payments to/from State

Fiscal Service 020X6999 31 USC 3513 Accounts Payable, Check Issue UNDDR

IRS 020X6737 90 Stat. 269-270 Internal Revenue Collections for Northern Mariana Island

IRS 020X6738 31 USC 3513 Coverover Withholdings-U.S. Virgin Islands

IRS 020X6740 31 USC 3515 Coverover Withholdings-Guam

IRS 020X6741 31 USC 3513 Coverover Withholdings-American Samoa

OAS 020X6317.001 22 USC 2431 Belize Escrow, Debt Reduction

Unclaimed monies were authorized by 31 USC 5119, which authorized the Fiscal Service to collect unclaimed monies on behalf of 

the public. Other fiduciary activities by the Department as listed above are included in All Other Fiduciary Funds.

Schedule of Fiduciary Activity 

2014 2013

Unclaimed All Unclaimed All

Monies - Other Total Monies - Other Total

Fiscal Fiduciary Fiduciary Fiscal Fiduciary Fiduciary

(in millions) Service Funds Funds Service Funds Funds

Fiduciary Net Assets, Beginning of

 Year $ 551 $ 155 $ 706 $ 509 $ 343 $ 852

Increases:

 Contributions to Fiduciary Net Assets 34 338 372 48 316 364

 Investment earnings - 1 1 - 1 1

Total Increases 34 339 373 48 317 365

Decreases:

 Disbursements to and on behalf

 of beneficiaries (5) (354) (359) (6) (505) (511)

Total Decreases (5) (354) (359) (6) (505) (511)

Net Increase (Decrease) in

 Fiduciary Assets 29 (15) 14 42 (188) (146)

Fiduciary Net Assets, End of Year $ 580 $ 140 $ 720 $ 551 $ 155 $ 706
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Schedule of Fiduciary Net Assets

2014 2013

Unclaimed All Unclaimed All

Monies - Other Total Monies - Other Total

Fiscal Fiduciary Fiduciary Fiscal Fiduciary Fiduciary

(in millions) Service Funds Funds Service Funds Funds

Fiduciary Net Assets

Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 580 $ 126 $ 706 $ 551 $ 145 $ 696

Investments - 19 19 - 18 18

Total Fiduciary Assets 580 145 725 551 163 714

Less: Fiduciary Liabilities - (5) (5) - (8) (8)

Total Fiduciary Net Assets $ 580 $ 140 $ 720 $ 551 $ 155 $ 706

27. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

LEGAL CONTINGENCIES

The Department is a party in various administrative proceedings, legal actions, and claims, which may ultimately result in 

settlements or decisions adverse to the U.S. government. These contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of operations and 

their ultimate disposition is unknown. The Department discloses contingent liabilities where the conditions for liability 

recognition have not been met and the likelihood of unfavorable outcome is more than remote. The Department does not accrue 

for possible losses related to cases where the potential loss cannot be estimated or the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is less 

than probable.

In some cases, a portion of any loss that may occur may be paid by the Department’s Judgment Fund, which is separate from the 

operating resources of the Department. For cases related to the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 and awards under federal antidiscrimination and whistle-blower protection acts, the Department must reimburse the Judgment Fund from future 

appropriations.

In the opinion of the Department’s management and legal counsel, based on information currently available, the expected outcome 

of other legal actions, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a materially adverse effect on the Department’s consolidated 

financial statements, except for the pending legal actions described below which may have a materially adverse impact on the 

consolidated financial statements depending on the outcomes of the cases.

Pending Legal Actions

• Tribal Trust Fund Cases: Numerous cases have been filed in the U.S. District Courts in which Native American Tribes seek a 

declaration that the United States has not provided the tribes with a full and complete accounting of their trust funds, and seek 

an order requiring the U.S. government to provide such an accounting. In addition, there are a number of other related cases 

seeking damages in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, which do not name the Department as a defendant. The U.S. government 

is currently in discussion with counsel representing most of the remaining plaintiff tribes with tribal trust fund cases pending 

against the United States about the feasibility of an out-of-court settlement. Plaintiff tribes in several of the pending cases have 

chosen to pursue active litigation, rather than settlement discussion, and the U.S. government is litigating those cases vigorously. 

The Department is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of potential loss at this time.

• GSE Related Cases: A number of cases were filed in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, the U.S. District Court for the District of 

Columbia, and the U.S. District Court of Iowa in which the plaintiffs allege, among other things, that the U.S. government took 

their property and contractual rights as preferred and common stockholders when the third amendments to the SPSPAs between 
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the Department and each GSE were executed in August 2012 (refer to Note 8). One case also alleges that the U.S. government 

took plaintiffs’ property and contractual rights when the GSEs were placed into conservatorship and entered into the SPSPAs 

with the Department in September 2008. In the Court of Federal Claims, the plaintiffs seek just compensation (damages) from 

the U.S. government. In the District Court, the plaintiffs seek to set aside the third amendments to the SPSPAs as well as 

damages. On September 30, 2014, the District Court granted the defendants’ motions to dismiss four cases, and the plaintiffs 

filed appeals in October 2014. The Department is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate 

of potential loss at this time.

• Lynchpins of Liberty v. United States of America: The plaintiffs in this case, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of 

Columbia, seek actual and punitive damages in connection with IRS’ alleged unlawful requests for information and unreasonable 

delays in processing the plaintiffs’ applications for tax exempt status. The Department is unable to determine the likelihood of 

an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of potential loss at this time. 

• Starr International Co., Inc. v. United States: The plaintiffs’ principal class claim in this case, filed in the U.S Court of Federal 

Claims, arises out of the receipt by the United States of a 79.9 percent equity interest in American International Group, Inc. 

(AIG) as part of the consideration for the extension of an $85 billion, two-year revolving credit facility to AIG by the FRBNY in 

September 2008 and prior to the passage of the EESA. Plaintiffs claim that the transfer of the equity interest, which was in the 

form of Series C preferred stock held by a trust for the benefit of the U.S. government, was an illegal exaction under Section 13(3) 

of the Federal Reserve Act or constituted a taking of AIG shareholders’ property for which just compensation is due under the

Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In a separate class claim, plaintiffs allege that an illegal exaction, or taking 

for which just compensation is due, occurred when the U.S. government allegedly caused AIG to conduct a reverse stock split in 

June 2009 without a separate class vote of the then outstanding common shareholders. Plaintiffs seek compensatory damages 

from the U.S. government, including an amount related to the exchange of Series E and F preferred shares for common shares of 

AIG in January 2011 that were previously held by TARP, which common shareholders allegedly could have blocked had the 

reverse stock split not occurred. The Department is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or make an 

estimate of potential loss at this time. 

• Estes v. United States: The State of Kansas filed a complaint in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims requesting the Department to 

redeem matured savings bonds not possessed by Kansas, but which have registered owners with last known addresses in Kansas. 

The Department informed the State of Kansas that it would not redeem these savings bonds since it was not the registered owner 

of the bonds. The U.S. government has filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. The Department is unable to determine the 

likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of potential loss at this time. 

• Adam Steele, Brittany Montrois v. United States: The plaintiffs filed a class claim in the U.S. District Court for the District of 

Columbia seeking refunds of all user fees paid, plus interest, to obtain a preparer tax identification number (PTIN). Additionally, 

the plaintiffs seek to force the Department to cease charging a user fee to obtain a PTIN and asking for more information than is 

necessary to issue a PTIN. The Department is unable to determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of 

potential loss at this time. 

• Anonymous Whistleblower v. United States: A whistleblower case was filed in the U.S. Tax Court under seal. The anonymous 

claimant allegedly provided confidential information about tax fraud committed by multiple other taxpayers to the IRS. Having 

been denied a whistleblower award, the claimant has filed a claim in the U.S. Tax Court. The case is currently being held in

abeyance until the Court determines the scope and standard of review it will follow in these cases. The Department is unable to 

determine the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of potential loss at this time.
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• Other Legal Actions: The Department also is involved in employment related legal actions (e.g., matters alleging discrimination 

and other claims before federal courts, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Merit Systems Protection 

Board) for which an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible, but for which an estimate of potential loss cannot be 

determined at this time. It is not expected that these cases will have a material adverse effect on the Department’s financial 

position or results. 

OTHER COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Loan Commitments

The Department, through the FFB, makes loan commitments with federal agencies, or private sector borrowers whose loans are 

guaranteed by federal agencies, to extend them credit for their own use (refer to Notes 1L and 3). As of September 30, 2014 and 

2013, the Department had loan commitments totaling $17.9 billion and $73.6 billion, respectively.

Multilateral Development Banks

The Department, on behalf of the United States, has subscribed to capital for certain MDBs, portions of which are callable under 

certain limited circumstances to meet the obligations of the respective MDB. There has never been, nor is there anticipated, a call 

on the U.S. commitment for these subscriptions. As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, U.S. callable capital in MDBs was as follows 

(in millions):

2014 2013

Inter-American Development Bank $ 40,983 $ 36,437

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 37,570 33,585

Asian Development Bank 16,014 13,456

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 3,055 3,055

African Development Bank 3,042 2,534

North American Development Bank 1,275 1,275

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(1) 315 315

Total $ 102,254 $ 90,657

(1) Both fiscal years 2014 and 2013 include commitments of $22 million for the undisbursed portion of the subscription to paid-in capital investments. 

Amounts included in the above table do not include amounts for which the Department may be liable to pay if future congressional 

action is taken to fund executed agreements between the Department and certain MDBs.

Terrorism Risk Insurance Program 

The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA), signed into law in November 2002, was enacted to address market disruptions resulting 

from terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. TRIA helps to ensure available and affordable commercial property and casualty

insurance for terrorism risk, and simultaneously allows private markets to stabilize. The authority to pay claims under the 

Terrorism Risk Insurance Program (TRIA Program) is activated upon the certification of an “act of terrorism” by the Secretary in 

concurrence with the U.S. Secretary of State and the U.S. Attorney General. If a certified act of terrorism occurs, insurers may be 

eligible to receive reimbursement from the U.S. government for insured losses above a designated deductible amount. Insured 

losses above this amount will be shared between insurance companies and the U.S. government. TRIA also gives the Department 

authority to recoup federal payments made under the TRIA Program through policyholder surcharges under certain circumstances,

and contains provisions designed to manage litigation arising from or relating to a certified act of terrorism. There were no claims 

under TRIA as of September 30, 2014 or 2013.

Exchange Stabilization Agreement

The North American Framework Agreement (NAFA), signed by the Department in 1994, includes the Exchange Stabilization 

Agreement (ESA) with Mexico. The Department, through the ESF, has a standing swap line for $3.0 billion with Mexico under the 
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NAFA and its implementing ESA. The amounts and terms (including the assured source of repayment) of any borrowing under 

NAFA and ESA will have to be negotiated and agreed to before any actual drawing can occur. The ESA does provide sample clauses 

that state that transactions shall be exchange rate neutral for the ESF, and shall bear interest based on a then current rate tied to 

U.S. Treasury bills. There were no drawings outstanding on the ESF swap line as of September 30, 2014 and 2013. The 

Department renewed the ESA through December 14, 2014.

New Arrangements to Borrow

The Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-32) provided the authorization and appropriation for an increase in the 

United States’ participation in the New Arrangements to Borrow (NAB). Because the U.S. financial participation in the IMF is

denominated in SDRs, P.L. 111-32 authorized and appropriated up to the dollar equivalent of SDR 75 billion to implement this 

commitment. The United States agreed in May 2010 that its participation in the NAB would increase from SDR 6.6 billion to SDR 

69.1 billion, pursuant to IMF Executive Board Decision No. 14577-(10/35). Total U.S. participation in the NAB of SDR 69.1 billion 

was equivalent to $102.4 billion and $106.0 billion as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Refer to Notes 11 and 12 for 

more information on the NAB.

Commitment to GSEs

The SPSPA agreements between the Department and each GSE, which have no expiration date, provide for the Department to 

disburse funds to the GSEs if, at the end of any quarter, the FHFA determines that the liabilities exceed its assets. At September 

30, 2014 and 2013, the Department's maximum remaining potential commitment to the GSEs was $258.1 billion. Refer to Note 8 

for further information.
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REQUIRED SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED – SEE 

ACCOMPANYING AUDITORS’ REPORT)

INTRODUCTION

This section provides the Required Supplementary Information as prescribed by accounting standards.

OTHER CLAIMS FOR REFUNDS

The Department estimated that $7.8 billion and $4.3 billion as of September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, may be payable as 

other claims for tax refunds. This estimate represents amounts (principal and interest) that may be paid for claims pending 

judicial review by the federal courts or internally, by Appeals. In fiscal year 2014, the total estimated payout (including principal 

and interest) for claims pending judicial review by the federal courts and appeals courts is $3.1 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively. 

In fiscal year 2013, the total estimated payout (including principal and interest) for claims pending judicial review by the federal 

courts and appeals courts was $0.8 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively. To the extent judgments against the government in these 

cases prompt other similarly situated taxpayers to file similar refund claims, these amounts could become significantly greater.

IRS FEDERAL TAXES RECEIVABLE, NET

In accordance with SFFAS No. 7, Accounting for Revenue and Other Financing Sources and Concepts for Reconciling Budgetary 

and Financial Accounting, some unpaid tax assessments do not meet the criteria for financial statement recognition. Under 

Internal Revenue Code Section 6201, the Department is authorized and required to make inquiries, determinations, and 

assessments of all taxes which have not been duly paid (including interest, additions to the tax, and assessable penalties) under the 

law. Unpaid assessments result from taxpayers filing returns without sufficient payment, as well as from tax compliance programs 

such as examination, under-reporter, substitute for return, and combined annual wage reporting. The Department also has 

authority to abate the paid or unpaid portion of an assessed tax, interest, and penalty. Abatements occur for a number of reasons 

and are a normal part of the tax administration process. Abatements may result in claims for refunds or a reduction of the unpaid 

assessed amount.

Under federal accounting standards, unpaid assessments require taxpayer or court agreement to be considered federal taxes 

receivable. Assessments not agreed to by taxpayers or the courts are considered compliance assessments and are not considered 

federal taxes receivable. Due to the lack of agreement, these compliance assessments are less likely to have future collection 

potential than those unpaid assessments that are considered federal taxes receivable.

Assessments with little or no future collection potential are called write-offs. Write-offs principally consist of amounts owed by 

deceased, bankrupt, or defunct taxpayers, including many failed financial institutions liquidated by the FDIC and the former 

Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC). Write-offs have little or no future collection potential, but statutory provisions require that 

these assessments be maintained until the statute for collection expires.

Although compliance assessments and write-offs are not considered receivables under federal accounting standards, they represent 

legally enforceable claims of the U.S. government. 

The components of the total unpaid assessments at September 30, 2014 and 2013, were as follows (in millions): 
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2014 2013

Total Unpaid Assessments $ 380,000 $ 374,000

Less: Compliance Assessments (86,000) (85,000)

Write Offs (138,000) (130,000)

Gross Federal Taxes Receivable 156,000 159,000

Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (116,000) (124,000)

Federal Taxes Receivables, Net $ 40,000 $ 35,000

To eliminate double counting, the compliance assessments reported above exclude trust fund recovery penalties assessed against 

officers and directors of businesses involved in the non-remittance of federal taxes withheld from their employees. The penalties 

totaled $2.0 billion as of September 30, 2014 and 2013. The related unpaid assessments of those businesses are reported as taxes 

receivable or write-offs, but the Department may also recover portions of those businesses’ unpaid assessments from any and all 

individual officers and directors against whom a trust fund recovery penalty is assessed.

ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU

As an agent of the U.S. government and as authorized by 26 USC, the TTB collects excise taxes from alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and 

ammunition industries. In addition, special occupational taxes are collected from certain tobacco businesses. During fiscal years 

2014 and 2013, TTB collected approximately $22.2 billion and $22.9 billion in taxes, interest, and other revenues, respectively. 

Federal excise taxes are also collected on certain articles produced in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and imported into the 

United States. In accordance with 26 USC 7652, such taxes collected on rum imported into the United States are “covered over” or 

paid into the treasuries of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Substantially all of the taxes collected by TTB, net of related refund disbursements, are remitted to the General Fund. The 

Department further distributes this revenue to Federal agencies in accordance with various laws and regulations. The firearms and 

ammunition excise taxes are an exception. Those revenues are remitted to the Fish and Wildlife Restoration Fund under 

provisions of the Pittman-Robertson Act of 1937.

DEFERRED MAINTENANCE

In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the Department had no material amounts of deferred maintenance costs to report on vehicles, 

buildings, and structures owned by the Department.

Deferred maintenance applies to owned PP&E. Deferred maintenance is maintenance that was not performed when it should have 

been, or was scheduled to be, and is put off or delayed for a future period. Maintenance is defined as the act of keeping capitalized 

assets in an “acceptable condition” to serve their required mission. It includes preventive maintenance, normal repairs, 

replacement of parts and structural components, and other activities needed to preserve the asset so that it continues to provide 

acceptable services and achieves its expected useful life. Maintenance excludes activities aimed at expanding the capacity or 

significantly upgrading the assets to a different form than it was originally intended (i.e., activities related to capitalized 

improvements, modernization, and/or restoration).

Logistic personnel use condition assessment surveys and/or the total life-cycle cost methods to determine deferred maintenance 

and acceptable operating condition of an asset. Periodic condition assessments, physical inspections, and review of manufacturing 

and engineering specifications, work orders, and building and other structure logistics reports can be used under these 

methodologies. Heritage assets held by the Department are generally in acceptable physical condition, and there is no deferred 

maintenance on heritage assets.
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STATEMENT OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES DISAGGREGATED BY TREASURY REPORTING ENTITY

The following tables provide the Statement of Budgetary Resources for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 

disaggregated by Treasury reporting entity rather than by Treasury major budget account, since Treasury manages its budget at the 

reporting entity level. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Fiscal Year 2014 Statement of Budgetary Resources Disaggregated

by Sub-organization Accounts

Bureau of Bureau of Fin. Crimes Internal

Engraving & the Fiscal Departmental Enforcement Revenue

(in millions): Printing Service Offices (a) Network Service

BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 59 $ 735 $ 366,944 $ 44 $ 990

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations - 39 9,061 3 115

Other changes in unobligated balance - (7) (24,427) (1) (86)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 59 767 351,578 46 1,019

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) - 448,094 9,368 112 11,657

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) - - 1,200 - -

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 700 219 11,621 - 156

Total Budgetary Resources $ 759 $ 449,080 $ 373,767 $ 158 $ 12,832

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred $ 688 $ 448,041 $ 27,085 $ 103 $ 11,751

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 71 1,001 271,912 52 645

 Exempt from Apportionment - 4 15,397 - 7

 Unapportioned - 34 59,373 3 429

Total unobligated balance, end of year 71 1,039 346,682 55 1,081

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 759 $ 449,080 $ 373,767 $ 158 $ 12,832

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 50 $ 508 $ 232,096 $ 23 $ 1,297

Obligations incurred 688 448,041 27,085 103 11,751

Outlays (gross) (631) (447,214) (27,085) (95) (11,604)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations - (39) (9,061) (3) (115)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 107 1,296 223,035 28 1,329

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (64) (32) (833) (3) (30)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources 17 7 218 2 (7)

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (47) (25) (615) (1) (37)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ 60 $ 1,271 $ 222,420 $ 27 $ 1,292

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ (14)$ 476 $ 231,263 $ 20 $ 1,267

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 700 $ 448,313 $ 22,189 $ 112 $ 11,813

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (684) (229) (22,680) (2) (149)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) 17 7 218 2 (7)

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 33 $ 448,091 $ (273)$ 112 $ 11,657

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 631 $ 447,214 $ 27,085 $ 95 $ 11,604

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (684) (229) (22,680) (2) (149)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) (53) 446,985 4,405 93 11,455

Distributed offsetting receipts - (41,788) (83,281) - (515)

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ (53)$ 405,197 $ (78,876)$ 93 $ 10,940

(a) Of the $374 billion of Total Budgetary Resources for Departmental Offices, GSE and OFS had $259 billion and $17 billion, respectively. The remainder is spread 

throughout other offices.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

132

Fiscal Year 2014 Statement of Budgetary Resources Disaggregated

by Sub-organization Accounts

Alcohol

and

Office of the Tobacco

Comptroller Tax and

of the Trade Non-

(in millions): U. S. Mint Currency Bureau Budgetary Budgetary

BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 496 $ 1,076 $ 6 $ 368,339 $ 2,011

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 18 - 1 3,872 5,365

Other changes in unobligated balance (22) - (1) (18,218) (6,326)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 492 1,076 6 353,993 1,050

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) - - 99 469,330 -

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) - - - - 1,200

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 2,876 641 7 8,222 7,998

Total Budgetary Resources $ 3,368 $ 1,717 $ 112 $ 831,545 $ 10,248

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred $ 2,862 $ 1,014 $ 107 $ 482,380 $ 9,271

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 506 (1) 1 273,584 603

 Exempt from Apportionment - 704 - 16,112 -

 Unapportioned - - 4 59,469 374

Total unobligated balance, end of year 506 703 5 349,165 977

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 3,368 $ 1,717 $ 112 $ 831,545 $ 10,248

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 198 $ 223 $ 17 $ 132,978 $ 101,434

Obligations incurred 2,862 1,014 107 482,380 9,271

Outlays (gross) (2,762) (1,003) (101) (480,732) (9,763)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations (18) - (1) (3,872) (5,365)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 280 234 22 130,754 95,577

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (6) (4) (3) (245) (730)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources - - (1) 18 218

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (6) (4) (4) (227) (512)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ 274 $ 230 $ 18 $ 130,527 $ 95,065

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ 192 $ 219 $ 14 $ 132,733 $ 100,704

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 2,876 $ 641 $ 106 $ 477,552 $ 9,198

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (2,852) (641) (6) (8,186) (19,057)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) - - (1) 18 218

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 24 $ - $ 99 $ 469,384 $ (9,641)

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 2,762 $ 1,003 $ 101 $ 480,732 $ 9,763

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (2,852) (641) (6) (8,186) (19,057)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) (90) 362 95 472,546 (9,294)

Distributed offsetting receipts - - - (125,584) -

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ (90)$ 362 $ 95 $ 346,962 $ (9,294)
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

133

Fiscal Year 2013 Statement of Budgetary Resources Disaggregated

by Sub-organization Accounts

Bureau of Bureau of Fin. Crimes Internal

Engraving & the Fiscal Departmental Enforcement Revenue

(in millions): Printing Service Offices (a) Network Service

BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 51 $ 389 $ 336,359 $ 34 $ 980

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations - 40 15,262 4 134

Other changes in unobligated balance - (6) (26,674) (1) (72)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 51 423 324,947 37 1,042

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) - 434,829 58,105 105 11,553

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) - - 576 - -

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 664 225 18,242 3 126

Total Budgetary Resources $ 715 $ 435,477 $ 401,870 $ 145 $ 12,721

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred $ 656 $ 434,742 $ 34,926 $ 101 $ 11,731

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 20 696 273,133 42 637

 Exempt from Apportionment - 6 17,894 - 7

 Unapportioned 39 33 75,917 2 346

Total unobligated balance, end of year 59 735 366,944 44 990

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 715 $ 435,477 $ 401,870 $ 145 $ 12,721

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 117 $ 942 $ 249,824 $ 36 $ 1,672

Obligations incurred 656 434,742 34,926 101 11,731

Outlays (gross) (723) (435,136) (37,392) (110) (11,972)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations - (40) (15,262) (4) (134)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 50 508 232,096 23 1,297

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (55) (28) (858) (7) (41)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources (9) (4) 25 4 11

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (64) (32) (833) (3) (30)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ (14)$ 476 $ 231,263 $ 20 $ 1,267

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ 62 $ 914 $ 248,966 $ 29 $ 1,631

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 664 $ 435,054 $ 76,923 $ 108 $ 11,679

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (687) (221) (46,396) (6) (137)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) (9) (4) 25 4 11

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ (32)$ 434,829 $ 30,552 $ 106 $ 11,553

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 723 $ 435,136 $ 37,392 $ 110 $ 11,972

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (687) (221) (46,396) (6) (137)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) 36 434,915 (9,004) 104 11,835

Distributed offsetting receipts - (39,401) (111,272) - (731)

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 36 $ 395,514 $ (120,276)$ 104 $ 11,104

(a) Of the $401 billion of Total Budgetary Resources for Departmental Offices, GSE and OFS constituted $260 billion and $38 billion, respectively. The remainder 

was spread throughout other offices.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

134

Fiscal Year 2013 Statement of Budgetary Resources Disaggregated

by Sub-organization Accounts

Alcohol

and

Office of the Tobacco

Comptroller Tax and

of the Trade Non-

(in millions): U. S. Mint Currency Bureau Budgetary Budgetary

BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Unobligated balance brought forward, October 1 $ 694 $ 1,087 $ 4 $ 320,785 $ 18,813

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 42 - 2 7,876 7,608

Other changes in unobligated balance (42) - (1) (3,366) (23,430)

Unobligated balance from prior year budget authority, net 694 1,087 5 325,295 2,991

Appropriations (discretionary and mandatory) - - 95 504,687 -

Borrowing authority (discretionary and mandatory) - - - - 576

Spending authority from offsetting collections (discretionary and 

 mandatory) 3,961 1,005 6 10,091 14,141

Total Budgetary Resources $ 4,655 $ 2,092 $ 106 $ 840,073 $ 17,708

STATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES

Obligations incurred $ 4,159 $ 1,016 $ 100 $ 471,734 $ 15,697

Unobligated balance, end of year:

 Apportioned 496 - 2 274,291 735

 Exempt from Apportionment - 1,076 - 18,983 -

 Unapportioned - - 4 75,065 1,276

Total unobligated balance, end of year 496 1,076 6 368,339 2,011

Total Status of Budgetary Resources $ 4,655 $ 2,092 $ 106 $ 840,073 $ 17,708

CHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCE

Unpaid obligations, brought forward, October 1 $ 276 $ 284 $ 22 $ 142,307 $ 110,866

Obligations incurred 4,159 1,016 100 471,734 15,697

Outlays (gross) (4,195) (1,077) (103) (473,187) (17,521)

Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations (42) - (2) (7,876) (7,608)

Unpaid obligations, end of year 198 223 17 132,978 101,434

Uncollected payments:

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, brought forward, October 1 (6) (5) (4) (186) (818)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources - 1 1 (59) 88

Uncollected payments, Federal sources, end of year (6) (4) (3) (245) (730)

Obligated Balance, End of Year $ 192 $ 219 $ 14 $ 132,733 $ 100,704

Obligated Balance, Start of Year $ 270 $ 279 $ 18 $ 142,121 $ 110,048

BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS, NET

Budget authority, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 3,961 $ 1,005 $ 101 $ 514,778 $ 14,717

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (3,985) (1,007) (7) (10,088) (42,358)

Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources

 (discretionary and mandatory) - 1 1 (59) 88

Budget Authority, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ (24)$ (1)$ 95 $ 504,631 $ (27,553)

Outlays, gross (discretionary and mandatory) $ 4,195 $ 1,077 $ 103 $ 473,187 $ 17,521

Actual offsetting collections (discretionary and mandatory) (3,985) (1,007) (7) (10,088) (42,358)

Outlays, net (discretionary and mandatory) 210 70 96 463,099 (24,837)

Distributed offsetting receipts - - - (151,404) -

Agency Outlays, Net (Discretionary and Mandatory) $ 210 $ 70 $ 96 $ 311,695 $ (24,837)


U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

135

SECTION A: SCHEDULE OF SPENDING

Schedule of Spending (Unaudited)

For Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

(In Millions)

The following Schedule of Spending (SOS) presents an overview of the funds available for the Department to spend and how the 

Department spent these funds as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. The financial data used to 

populate this schedule is the same underlying data used to populate the Department’s Statement of Budgetary Resources (SBR). 

Accordingly, the budgetary financial information in this schedule is presented on a combined basis rather than on a consolidated 

basis. Specifically, the SOS presents Total Resources (or “Total Budgetary Resources” per the SBR), Amount Available but Not 

Agreed to be Spent (or “Unobligated balance, end of year – Apportioned and Exempt from Apportionment” per the SBR), and 

“Amount Not Available to be Spent” (or “Unobligated balances, end of year – Unapportioned” per the SBR).

2014 2013

What Money is Available to Spend?

Total Resources $ 841,793 $ 857,781

Less: Amount Available but Not Agreed to be Spent (290,299) (294,009)

Less: Amount Not Available to be Spent (59,843) (76,341)

Total Amounts Agreed to be Spent $ 491,651 $ 487,431

How was the Money Spent/Issued?

Interest and Dividends(1) $ 441,926 $ 427,946

Grants, Subsidies, and Contributions(2) 15,915 24,590

Personnel Compensation and Other Related Benefits 11,249 11,254

Investments and Loans(3) 8,465 7,201

Other Contractual Services 4,252 4,079

Other 9,844 12,361

Total Amounts Agreed to be Spent $ 491,651 $ 487,431

Who did the Money go to?

Federal $ 195,616 $ 201,954

Non-Federal 296,035 285,477

Total Amounts Agreed to be Spent $ 491,651 $ 487,431

(1) Interest and Dividends is primarily comprised of Interest on the Public Debt and interest expense related to credit reform activities.

(2) Grants, Subsidies, and Contributions are primarily comprised of cash payments to States, other political subdivisions, corporations, 

associations, and individuals; credit reform program related subsidies; and contributions to foreign countries.

(3) Investments and Loans primarily include investments made in connection with loans issued for credit reform and non-credit reform 

activities. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

136

SECTION B: TAX GAP AND TAX BURDEN

TAX GAP 

The tax gap is the difference between the amount of tax imposed by law and what taxpayers actually pay on time. The tax gap 

arises from the three types of noncompliance: not filing required tax returns on time or at all (the nonfiling gap), underreporting 

the correct amount of tax on timely filed returns (the underreporting gap), and not paying on time the full amount reported on 

timely filed returns (the underpayment gap). Of these three components, only the underpayment gap is observed; the nonfiling 

gap and the underreporting gap must be estimated. Each instance of noncompliance by a taxpayer contributes to the tax gap, 

whether or not the IRS detects it, and whether or not the taxpayer is even aware of the noncompliance. Some of the tax gap 

arises from intentional (willful) noncompliance, and some of it arises from unintentional mistakes. 

The collection gap is the cumulative amount of tax, penalties, and interest assessed over many years, but not paid by a certain 

point in time, which the IRS expects will remain uncollectible. In essence, it represents the difference between the total balance

of unpaid assessments and the net taxes receivable reported on the balance sheet of the IRS. The tax gap and the collection gap 

are related and overlapping concepts, but they have significant differences. The collection gap is a cumulative balance sheet

concept for a particular point in time, while the tax gap is like an income statement item for a single year. Moreover, the tax gap 

estimates include all noncompliance, while the collection gap includes only amounts that have been assessed (a small portion of 

all noncompliance) and have not yet reached their statutory collection expiration date. Also, the tax gap includes only tax, while 

the collection gap includes tax, penalties, and interest.

TAX BURDEN

The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provides for progressive rates of tax, whereby higher incomes are generally subject to higher 

rates of tax. The following pages present in both graph and table format various income levels and their associated tax liabilities 

for individuals and corporations. This information is the most recent available for individuals (tax year 2012) and corporations 

(tax year 2011). The graphs and charts are representative of more detailed data and analyses available from the IRS Statistics of 

Income office.

For individuals, the information illustrates, in both percentage and dollar terms, the tax burden borne by varying levels of 

Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). The corporate information illustrates, for varying corporate asset categories, the tax burden 

borne by these entities as a percentage of taxable income. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

137

INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX LIABILITY

Tax Year 2012

Average

Average AGI Income tax Income tax

Adjusted Gross Number of Total per return per return as a

Income taxable returns AGI income tax (in whole (in whole) percentage

(AGI) (in thousands) (in millions) (in millions) dollars) dollars) of AGI

Under $15,000 37,096 $ 82,510 $ 2,290 $ 2,224 $ 62 2.8%

$15,000 under 

$30,000 30,519 670,097 18,787 21,957 616 2.8%

$30,000 under 

$50,000 25,325 989,413 54,739 39,069 2,161 5.5%

$50,000 under 

$100,000 31,089 2,215,015 192,091 71,248 6,179 8.7%

$100,000 under 

$200,000 15,647 2,100,003 265,391 134,211 16,961 12.6%

$200,000 under 

$500,000 4,154 1,186,751 231,596 285,689 55,753 19.5%

$500,000 or more 1,098 1,856,342 423,133 1,690,658 385,367 22.8%

Total 144,928 $ 9,100,131 $ 1,188,027

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

Under $15,000 $15,000 under

$30,000

$30,000 under

$50,000

$50,000 under

$100,000

$100,000

under

$200,000

$200,000

under

$500,000

$500,000 or

more

Dollars

Average Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and 

Average Individual Income Tax Liability 

Tax Year 2012

Average AGI per return

Average income tax per return

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

Under $15,000 $15,000 under

$30,000

$30,000 under

$50,000

$50,000 under

$100,000

$100,000

under

$200,000

$200,000

under

$500,000

$500,000 or

more

Percentage

Individual Income Tax Liability as a Percentage of AGI 

Tax Year 2012
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

138

CORPORATION TAX LIABILITY

Tax Year 2011

Total Assets 

Income subject to 

tax 

Total income tax after 

credits Percentage of income tax 

(in thousands) (in millions) (in millions) after credits to taxable income

Zero Assets $ 14,156 $ 4,889 34.5%

$1 under $500 6,264 1,181 18.9%

$500 under $1,000 3,243 752 23.2%

$1,000 under $5,000 10,715 3,061 28.6%

$5,000 under $10,000 6,834 2,217 32.4%

$10,000 under $25,000 10,493 3,417 32.6%

$25,000 under $50,000 10,425 3,385 32.5%

$50,000 under $100,000 12,413 4,029 32.5%

$100,000 under $250,000 23,342 7,308 31.3%

$250,000 under $500,000 26,194 7,945 30.3%

$500,000 under $2,500,000 109,134 31,542 28.9%

$2,500,000 or more 761,180 151,168 19.9%

Total $ 994,393 $ 220,894

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

Zero Assets $1 under

$500

$500 under

$1,000

$1,000

under

$5,000

$5,000

under

$10,000

$10,000

under

$25,000

$25,000

under

$50,000

$50,000

under

$100,000

$100,000

under

$250,000

$250,000

under

$500,000

$500,000

under

$2,500,000

$2,500,000

or more

Percentage

Corporation Tax Liability as a Percentage of Taxable Income 

Tax Year 2011 Data
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

139

SECTION C: MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES 

IDENTIFIED BY THE INSPECTORS GENERAL AND THE SECRETARY’S 

RESPONSES

In accordance with the Reports Consolidation Act of 2000, the Inspectors General is required to identify specific management 

and performance challenges facing the Department. At the end of each fiscal year, the Treasury Office of Inspector General 

(OIG) and Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) send an update of these management challenges to the 

Secretary and cite any new challenges for the upcoming fiscal year. The Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief 

Program did not provide the Secretary with an annual update on management and performance challenges. This section 

contains the management and performance challenges letters from OIG and TIGTA and the Secretary’s responses describing 

actions taken and planned to address the challenges.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

140

October 23, 2014

INFORMATION MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARY LEW

FROM: Eric M. Thorson 

 Inspector General

SUBJECT: Management and Performance Challenges Facing the

 Department of the Treasury (OIG-CA-15-001) 

In accordance with the Reports Consolidation Act of 2000, we are providing you with our perspective on 

the most serious management and performance challenges facing the Department of the Treasury. 

In assessing the Department’s most serious challenges, we are mindful of two external factors that affect 

Treasury. The first is the slow economic recovery despite the efforts of the Administration and Congress. 

The second is the Nation’s budget deficit. The results of the last national election brought little clarity to 

the direction the Federal Government will take in addressing these matters, and the upcoming November 

congressional elections, regardless of the results, will likely continue these uncertainties. As the outgoing 

and new Congresses grapple with much of the same unfinished business when it comes to the Federal 

budget and the Nation’s debt, significant issues related to programs like Social Security and Medicare are 

still not addressed while new pressures on federal spending emerge, such as the military action against the 

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The polarized political environment in which the Federal 

Government has been operating since 2010, with the repeated cycle of budget and debt ceiling stopgaps, 

has resulted in waste and inefficiency. While the Department has implemented strong controls over 

spending, it is imperative that senior leaders and front-line managers remain ever vigilant when exercising 

the authorities and responsibilities entrusted to them. 

Treasury has, throughout the years, had to administer major new programs and initiatives intended to 

support and improve the country’s economy. Last year I reported on a new responsibility, the 

administration of the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund. This year I am reporting on new responsibilities 

to implement the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (DATA Act) and to guard against 

improper payments of federal dollars. In nearly every case, the Department has had to start up and 

administer new programs and operations with thin staffing and very limited, if any, new resources. That 

situation remains the case again. Like last year, we cannot emphasize enough to the Department’s 

stakeholders how critically important it is that Treasury is resourced sufficiently to carry out its authorities 

and responsibilities to include maintaining a strong control environment. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

141

This year we are reporting six challenges, four of which are repeated from last year and two of which are 

new challenges.

• Cyber Threats (New Challenge)

• Continued Implementation of Dodd-Frank

• Management of Treasury’s Authorities Intended to Support and Improve the Economy

• Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing/Bank Secrecy Act Enforcement

• Efforts to Promote Spending Transparency and to Prevent and Detect Improper Payments (New 

Challenge)

• Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund Administration

In addition to the above challenges, we are continuing to report our elevated concerns about two matters –

currency and coin production and the need to document key activities and decisions.

2014 Management and Performance Challenges

Challenge 1: Cyber Threats

For the last several years, we have reported on our growing concern with cybersecurity. This year we 

elevated cyber threats to the Department’s top management challenge. Cybersecurity represents one of the 

most serious problems facing the Nation and depends on a reliable critical infrastructure, including 

information systems and networks, to manage national security and economic threats. It is a persistent 

area of concern as Treasury’s information systems are critical to the core functions of government and the 

Nation’s financial infrastructure. As cyber threats continue to grow and become more sophisticated and 

subtle, they pose an ongoing challenge for Treasury to safeguard its internal systems and operations and 

the financial sector it oversees.

Attackers frequently exploit the most vulnerable networks in a string of trusted connections to gain access 

to government systems. Recent cyber attacks at the US Investigations Services (referred to as USIS) 

caused the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to 

suspend background check services and most of their contracts with USIS. Another recent attack allowed 

access to the OPM’s e-QIP system which stores detailed data on people with security clearances.

We found in our audits of selected Treasury bureaus that security measures were not sufficient at the time 

to fully prevent and detect vulnerabilities to their networks and systems. In addition to Treasury’s own 

networks and systems, management must be cognizant of, and defend against, the risks posed by attacks 

made against other agencies, Treasury contractors, and subcontractors. Treasury frequently enters into 

interconnection agreements with other Federal, state, and local agencies, and service providers, to conduct 

its business. Treasury management must exercise due care when authorizing such internetwork 

connections and verify that third parties comply with federal policies and standards.

Cyber attacks on banking institutions continue to evolve at an accelerated rate, ranging from distributed 

denial of service attacks on bank websites to phishing attacks to fraudulent wire payments, depending on 

the goals of the attacking entities. Organized hacking groups leverage published and unpublished 

vulnerabilities and vary their methods to make attacks hard to detect and even harder to prevent. Criminal 

groups and nation-states are constantly seeking to steal information; commit fraud; and disrupt, degrade, 

or deny access to information systems. 

Effective public-private coordination will be required to address the growing threat of cyber attacks 

against the Nation’s critical infrastructure. In this regard, Treasury will be looked upon to provide 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

142

effective leadership to financial institutions in particular, and the financial sector in general, to strengthen 

awareness and preparedness against cyber threats. Considering the multitude of threats, Treasury will 

need to continue to strengthen partnerships and coordination among law enforcement, financial 

institutions, regulators, and private entities in the financial sector to address these threats.

Challenge 2: Continued Implementation of Dodd-Frank

In response to the need for financial reform, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and 

Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) in July 2010. Among other things, Dodd-Frank established the 

Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), which you chair as the Treasury Secretary. FSOC’s 

mission is to identify risks to financial stability that could arise from the activities of large, interconnected 

financial companies; respond to any emerging threats to the financial system; and promote market 

discipline. FSOC accomplished much over the past year. That said, FSOC must continue to work in order 

to meet all of its responsibilities.

Annual reporting – As required, FSOC issued its fourth annual report in May 2014. The report 

contained recommendations to (1) further address structural vulnerabilities in key markets, (2) take 

steps to address reform of the housing finance market, (3) identify alternative interest rate 

benchmarks, (4) heighten risk management and supervisory attention in specific areas, (5) promote 

forward looking capital and liquidity planning, (6) monitor the impact of the volatile interest rate 

environment, (7) continue efforts to assess cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and (8) improve the quality 

and comprehensiveness of financial data. 

Designation of nonbank financial companies for consolidated supervision – FSOC proposed the 

designation of one company for additional supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal 

Reserve System (FRB) in September 2014; however, the company has requested a hearing before 

FSOC to contest the proposed designation. Additionally, FSOC completed annual reevaluations for 

two of the three companies designated in 2013 and did not rescind either company’s designation. 

FSOC continues to review other nonbank financial companies for potential designation.

Money Market Reform – FSOC released a statement acknowledging the Securities and Exchange 

Commission’s (SEC) adoption of amendments to the rules that govern money market mutual funds in 

July 2014. The amendments make structural and operational reforms to address risks of investor runs 

on money market funds, while preserving the benefits of the funds. FSOC intends to fully examine the 

SEC’s rules and their potential impact on money market mutual funds and financial stability.

Risk Monitoring and Regulatory Coordination – FSOC has considered issues such as market 

volatility, the government shutdown and debt ceiling impasse, interest rate risk, economic 

developments in Europe and emerging economies, housing finance reform, the NASDAQ trading halt 

in August 2013, and risks to financial stability arising from cybersecurity vulnerabilities. To facilitate 

this risk monitoring process, FSOC established the Systemic Risk Committee which serves as a forum 

for member agency staff to identify and analyze potential risks that may extend beyond the 

jurisdiction of any one agency.
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The Council of Inspectors General on Financial Oversight (CIGFO), also established by Dodd-Frank, 

which I chair, facilitates the sharing of information among member inspectors general with a focus on 

reporting our concerns that may apply to the broader financial sector and ways to improve financial 

oversight. Accordingly, CIGFO is an important source of independent analysis to FSOC. As required, 

CIGFO met quarterly and issued its fourth annual report in July 2014. CIGFO also established its third 

Working Group in December 2013. The Working Group assessed the extent to which FSOC is operating 

in a manner consistent with the expectations outlined in its Transparency Policy. The Working Group 

determined that FSOC operated in a manner consistent with the expectations outlined in its Transparency 

Policy. However, the Working Group identified practices in place that, if incorporated into the policy, 

would make it stronger. Also, the Working Group identified certain additional practices that FSOC should 

implement to increase transparency. During the Working Group’s audit, FSOC approved a revised 

Transparency Policy which took into consideration matters we brought to FSOC staff’s attention, and 

FSOC is addressing other recommendations made by the Working Group.1 Going forward, CIGFO will 

continue to review FSOC operations and its efforts to oversee the U.S. financial system. 

Dodd-Frank also established two offices within Treasury: the Office of Financial Research (OFR) and the 

Federal Insurance Office (FIO).2 OFR is the data collection, and research and analysis arm of FSOC. Last 

year, we reviewed the stand-up of OFR. In our report on that review, we noted among other things that 

OFR had not yet developed performance measures for the office. We are currently conducting a review to 

assess the design and implementation of performance measures by OFR. FIO is charged with monitoring 

the insurance industry, including identifying gaps or issues in the regulation of insurance that could 

contribute to a systemic crisis in the insurance industry or financial system. In May 2014, we issued a 

report on the stand-up of FIO. In our report, we noted that four of the five reports required by Dodd-Frank 

were completed well after their due dates and the other had not yet been completed. As of September 

2014, the report that was due in September 2012 describing the breadth and scope of the global 

reinsurance market and the critical role such a market plays in supporting insurance in the U.S. was still 

not issued. We are currently conducting a review to assess the authority and processes by which the FIO 

coordinates federal efforts and develops federal policy on prudential aspects of international insurance 

matters, and if FIO’s activities are consistent with its authority.

As we have stated in the past, the intention of Dodd-Frank is most notably to prevent, or at least 

minimize, the impact of a future financial sector crisis on the U.S. economy. To accomplish this, DoddFrank placed great responsibility with Treasury. This management challenge from our perspective is to 

maintain an effective FSOC process that timely identifies and appropriately responds to emerging risks 

and is supported by OFR and FIO within Treasury. This is especially important in times of economic 

growth and financial institution profitability, when such government action is generally unpopular. As the 

regulatory framework prescribed by Dodd-Frank is institutionalized and matures, we will reassess our 

reporting of it as a management challenge going forward.

Challenge 3: Management of Treasury’s Authorities Intended to Support and Improve the 

Economy

Congress provided Treasury with broad authorities to address the financial crisis under the Housing and 

Economic Recovery Act (HERA) and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) enacted in 

2008, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act), and the Small Business 

 1 CIGFO, Audit of the Financial Stability Oversight Council’s Compliance with Its Transparency Policy (CIGFO-14-001); 

issued July 1, 2014. 2 Dodd-Frank also established two other offices within Treasury – the Offices of Minority and Women Inclusion (OMWI) at 

Departmental Offices and at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. We are currently conducting a review of OMWI 

at Departmental Offices.
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Jobs Act of 2010. As we stated last year, to a large extent Treasury’s program administration under these 

acts has matured, but challenges remain in managing Treasury’s programs and its outstanding 

investments. Additionally, the long-term impact on small business lending resulting from investment 

decisions under Small Business Jobs Act programs is still not clear. Our discussion of this challenge will 

begin with this act and then address the others for which Treasury is responsible. 

Management of the Small Business Lending Fund and State Small Business Credit Initiative

The Small Business Jobs Act created within Treasury a $30 billion Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF) 

to assist financial institutions increase the availability of credit to small businesses. It also provided 

$1.5 billion to Treasury to allocate to eligible state programs through the State Small Business Credit 

Initiative (SSBCI). These programs represent key initiatives of the Administration to support job creation 

by facilitating the increase in lending to small businesses. Treasury approved the majority of SBLF and 

SSBCI applications during the last quarter of fiscal year 2011, and because the majority of applicants 

waited until near the application deadlines to apply, Treasury encountered significant delays in 

implementing the two programs. As a result, Treasury made a number of investment and funding 

decisions to meet deadlines, without establishing clear oversight obligations of participating states 

beforehand. Now that Treasury has disbursed significant funds for these programs, the challenge is to 

exercise sufficient oversight to ensure that funds are used appropriately, SBLF dividends owed Treasury 

are paid, and the programs achieve intended results.

SBLF – As of September 2011, Treasury disbursed more than $4 billion to 332 financial institutions 

across the country. Throughout the life of the program, institutions receiving funds from SBLF pay 

dividends to Treasury at rates ranging from 1 to 9 percent. The lower rates are an incentive for 

institutions to increase small business lending. 

Treasury faces challenges in measuring program effectiveness and ensuring that the SBLF program 

meets its intended objective. The intent of the authorizing legislation was to stimulate lending to small 

businesses, but participating financial institutions are not required to report how they use Treasury’s 

investment nor are they obligated to increase their small business lending. Furthermore, although 

participating institutions must report their small business lending activity, it is difficult to isolate the 

impact of the SBLF program from other factors that affect lending, which is further complicated when 

participating institutions commingle SBLF funding with other funds. Finally, to ensure accurate 

measurement of program performance and that dividend rate adjustments resulting from reported 

small business lending are warranted, Treasury needs to verify that institutions are accurately 

reporting lending information. 

SSBCI – As of August 31, 2014, Treasury disbursed approximately $1.1 billion in SSBCI funding 

awarded to 57 participating states, territories, and municipalities. Treasury disburses the funds to 

participants in three increments, with second and third disbursements made after the entity certifies 

that it has used 80 percent of its previous disbursement. States had been slow to use their SSBCI 

funding as many either had to establish new small business lending programs to use the funds 

received and/or redirect funds midstream to better performing programs than those originally 

designated. In anticipation of the program’s sunset in 2017, Treasury is requesting an additional $1.5 

billion to expand the program and provide funding to states through fiscal year 2021.

Primary oversight of the use of SSBCI funds is the responsibility of each participating state. The states 

may use funds awarded for programs that partner with private lenders and investors to extend credit to 

small businesses. Such programs may include those that finance loan loss reserves and provide loan 
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insurance, loan guarantees, loan participation, venture capital funds, and collateral support. States 

must report quarterly and annually on their use of funds and certify quarterly that their programs 

approved for SSBCI funding comply with program requirements. 

Treasury’s principal challenge in the SSBCI program is holding participating states accountable for 

the proper use of funds. Because participating states re-allocate SSBCI funds to many other recipients 

and sub-recipients, these additional layers, without a robust monitoring program by the states, further 

muddle the tracking of the funds. As a result, Treasury as well as the states have difficulty 

determining whether states and subsequent program recipients are complying with SSBCI program 

requirements. 

Bond Guarantee Program

The Small Business Jobs Act and the fiscal years 2013 and 2014 appropriations acts provided 

Treasury with authority to guarantee bonds issued for eligible community and economic development 

activities. The bond guarantee periods cannot exceed 30 years. Under this authority, Treasury 

committed to issue $525 million in bond guarantees. As the program administrator, Treasury’s 

Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI) Fund experienced challenges in standing up 

the program. For example, it missed the program’s statutory implementation date of September 2012 

because budgetary authority to guarantee bonds was not obtained until the first quarter of fiscal year 

2013 and regulations were still being developed. The program was eventually established in June 

2013. Going forward, CDFI Fund must oversee the issuance of the bonds and the use of the bond 

proceeds by eligible CDFIs to make financing more accessible in underserved communities. Our 

office plans to assess the CDFI Fund’s administration of this program. 

Management of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act

Through several HERA and EESA programs, Treasury injected capital into financial institutions and 

businesses. 

Under HERA, Treasury supports the financial solvency of the Federal National Mortgage Association 

(Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) which continue to 

operate under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. To cover the losses of the two 

government sponsored enterprises (GSE) and maintain a positive net worth, Treasury invested $187 

billion of senior preferred stock in the two GSEs as of September 30. 2014. Although the GSEs did not 

require Treasury’s support in fiscal year 2014, their futures remain uncertain and further assistance may 

be required. If such support is needed, the current funding capacity available to Fannie Mae is 

$117.6 billion and $140.5 billion to Freddie Mac. 

Through the Housing Finance Agency Initiative supporting state and local finance agencies, Treasury 

purchased $15.3 billion of securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac backed by state and local 

Housing Finance Agency bonds (New Issue Bond Program) and committed $8.2 billion for a participation 

interest in the obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (Temporary Credit and Liquidity Program). 

Treasury received payments of principal and interest on its securities, and as of June 30, 2014, held an 

investment of approximately $8.8 billion. Additionally, several state and local housing agencies opted out 

of the Temporary Credit and Liquidity Program reducing Treasury’s commitment to about $1.0 billion. 

Treasury must continue to monitor the underlying assets of its investment in the Housing Finance Agency 

Initiative.
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Legislation has been proposed in the Congress to address housing finance reform, but a solution that all 

can agree on is still in a formative stage. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict what lies ahead for winding 

down the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac conservatorships and housing finance reform.

We also note that Treasury continues to administer programs established under the Troubled Asset Relief 

Program. That program, however, is not under the jurisdictional oversight of our office.

Management of Recovery Act Programs

Since 2009, Treasury has been responsible for overseeing an estimated $150 billion of funding and tax 

relief for programs that provided payments for specified energy property in lieu of tax credits and 

payments to states for low-income housing projects in lieu of tax credits; grants and tax credits through 

the CDFI Fund; economic recovery payments to Social Security beneficiaries and others; and payments to 

U.S. territories for distribution to their citizens. While funding for non-Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 

programs is coming to a close, Treasury must continue to oversee approximately $27 billion to recipients 

under Treasury’s payments in lieu of tax credit programs – to persons for specified energy properties and 

to states for low-income housing projects. In short, management must continue to enforce award 

compliance of approximately 95,000 recipients over an extended period of time (5 years from the placed 

in-service date of the specified energy property and 15 years beginning on January 1 of the year following 

the placed in-service date for the low-income housing project). Additionally, our Office of Investigations 

has several open matters involving claims for specified energy properties and low-income housing 

projects.

Challenge 4: Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing/Bank Secrecy Act Enforcement

As we have reported in the past, preventing criminals and terrorists from using our financial networks to

sustain their operations and/or launch attacks against the U.S. continues to be a challenge. Treasury’s 

Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI) is dedicated to disrupting the ability of terrorist 

organizations to fund their operations. TFI brings together intelligence gathering and analysis, economic 

sanctions, international cooperation, and private-sector cooperation to identify donors, financiers, and 

facilitators supporting terrorist organizations, and disrupt their ability to fund them. Enhancing the 

transparency of the financial system is one of the cornerstones of this effort. Treasury carries out its 

responsibilities to enhance financial transparency through the laws collectively known as the Bank 

Secrecy Act (BSA). The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is the Treasury bureau 

responsible for administering BSA, while Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) 

administers U.S. foreign sanction programs.

FinCEN and OFAC rely on help from other Federal agencies, the states, and financial institutions to 

enforce compliance with their programs. Accordingly, to be effective, Treasury must establish and 

maintain working relationships with these entities. 

With respect to FinCEN, cooperation among these entities was advanced in August 2014 with the 

President’s signing of the Money Remittances Improvement Act of 2014. The act allows federal 

regulators to rely on approved state examinations of nonbank financial institutions such as money services 

businesses (MSB). FinCEN, IRS, and the states will need to work together to ensure that MSBs are 

identified, registered, and in compliance with laws and regulations. FinCEN also faces the continuing 

challenge to enhance financial transparency as a way to strengthen efforts to combat financial crime. To 

this end, FinCEN has been working on clarifying and strengthening customer due diligence requirements. 

This includes requirements for institutions to identify beneficial ownership of their accountholders so that 

their true identities are not hidden. FinCEN issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to that effect in July 
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2014, “Customer Due Diligence Requirements for Financial Institutions.” Furthermore, FinCEN is also 

working on issuing anti-money laundering regulations for non-bank financial institutions such as vehicle 

dealers, pawnbrokers, travel agents, finance companies, and real estate closing and settlement services, as 

well as financial services intermediaries such as investment advisors. Most recently, FinCEN was 

challenged with providing clarifying guidance to the financial community, who may be reluctant to do 

business with state-legalized marijuana dispensaries.

While these dispensaries remain illegal under federal law, FinCEN’s February 2014 guidance for financial 

institutions clarified reporting obligations with respect to services to marijuana-related businesses 

consistent with BSA obligations. This guidance includes conducting due diligence on prospective 

customers.

Another challenge facing FinCEN is the need to address cross-border electronic transmittal of funds. In 

September 2010, pursuant to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, FinCEN 

proposed a regulation that would require certain depository institutions and MSBs to report cross-border 

electronic transmittals of funds. In the notice of proposed rulemaking, FinCEN acknowledged that it did 

not anticipate having systems in place before 2011. In this regard, the act required FinCEN to certify that 

the information technology systems were in place to accept reports from the regulated industry prior to 

prescribing regulations requiring institutions to report on transmittal of funds. FinCEN officials recently 

told us that with the BSA IT Modernization Program now complete, the bureau finally has the framework 

to develop a new report to collect the large volume of cross-border electronic transmittals of funds. 

FinCEN’s BSA IT Modernization Program was completed in March 2014. As of this writing, FinCEN is 

working on a supplemental rule to implement reporting of cross-border electronic transmittals of funds.

Other matters of concern on the horizon include the increasing use of (1) mobile devices for banking, 

internet banking, internet gaming, and peer-to-peer transactions; and (2) virtual currencies.3 FinCEN and 

other regulatory agencies will need to make sure that providers of these services that are covered by BSA 

understand their obligations under that statute. Monitoring the transactions of tomorrow may prove to be 

increasingly difficult for Treasury. In this regard, in 2013, FinCEN issued guidance on virtual currencies 

and regulatory responsibilities to provide clarity for businesses and individuals engaged in this expanding 

field of financial activity. FinCEN’s rules defined certain businesses or individuals which use convertible 

virtual currencies or make a business of exchanging, accepting, and transmitting them as MSBs. MSBs 

have registration requirements and a range of anti-money laundering, recordkeeping, and reporting 

responsibilities under FinCEN’s regulations. 

Given the criticality of this challenge to the Department’s mission, and notwithstanding the efforts 

described above, we continue to consider anti-money laundering and combating terrorist financing as 

inherently high-risk.

Challenge 5: Efforts to Promote Spending Transparency and to Prevent and Detect Improper 

Payments

Spending Transparency

Over the past several years, Congress and the Administration have taken steps to increase and improve the 

public availability of information about federal spending. Transparency initiatives are intended to allow 

 3 Bitcoins are an example of a virtual currency. These consist of a series of numbers created automatically on a set schedule 

and traded anonymously between digital addresses or "wallets." Certain exchange firms buy or sell Bitcoins for legal tender 

at a rate that fluctuates with the market. Congress and regulators continue their efforts to determine the legality, legitimacy, 

and regulatory framework for virtual currencies such as Bitcoins.
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citizens to better understand how tax dollars are used and, by making spending information more easily 

available, help to identify and prevent fraud and waste, facilitate better decision making, and improve 

operational efficiency. The DATA Act, signed into law in May 2014, furthers these efforts by ensuring 

that the Federal Government provides consistent, reliable, and useful online data about how it spends 

taxpayer dollars. The purpose of the law is to:

• expand the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 by disclosing direct 

Federal agency expenditures and linking federal contract, loan, and grant spending information to 

programs of Federal agencies, enabling taxpayers and policy makers to track federal spending more 

easily; 

• establish Government-wide data standards for financial data and provide consistent, reliable, and 

searchable Government-wide spending data that is displayed for taxpayers and policy makers on 

USASpending.gov4 (or a successor system that displays the data); 

• simplify reporting for entities receiving federal funds by streamlining reporting requirements and 

reducing compliance costs while improving transparency; 

• improve the quality of data submitted to USASpending.gov by holding Federal agencies accountable 

for the completeness and accuracy of the data submitted; and 

• apply approaches developed by the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board to spending 

across the Federal Government.

To fulfill its purpose, the DATA Act imposes certain requirements on the Secretary of the Treasury, the 

Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the inspectors general of each Federal agency, 

and the Comptroller General of the United States. In brief, the DATA Act requires Treasury and OMB to: 

• by May 2015, establish Government-wide financial data standards for any federal funds made 

available to or expended by Federal agencies and entities receiving federal funds; 

• by May 2017, ensure this financial data is accurately posted and displayed on USASpending.gov, or a 

successor system; and 

• by May 2018, ensure the data standards established are applied to the data made available on the 

website. 

In addition, the act states that Treasury may establish a data analysis center or expand an existing service 

to support the prevention or reduction of improper payments by Federal agencies and improve efficiency 

and transparency in federal spending. Upon the establishment of a data analysis center, Treasury is 

required to enter into agreements with Federal agencies, including inspectors general and federal law 

enforcement agencies, to provide data from the data analytics center to assist those agencies in, among 

other things, identifying and preventing waste, fraud, and abuse and in conducting investigations. 

Inspectors general of each Federal agency, including Treasury, are required by the act to conduct three 

biennial reviews beginning in 2016 of a statistically valid sample of spending data submitted by the 

agency. Each review is to assess the completeness, timeliness, quality, and accuracy of the data sampled 

and the implementation and use of data standards by the agency.

 4 Prior to 2014, the General Services Administration was responsible for operating and maintaining the USASpending.gov 

website. In February 2014, the Office of Management and Budget announced the transfer of those responsibilities to 

Treasury’s Bureau of the Fiscal Service. Treasury has developed a plan to take on operational responsibility of the website 

in April 2015. 
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Implementing the DATA Act is a complex undertaking requiring a significant level of interagency 

coordination and cooperation to develop, establish, and apply new financial data standards and to develop 

new data handling methodologies within a short timeframe. Among the challenges brought on by the 

DATA Act is the fact that it assigns to Treasury and OMB much of the responsibility for the act’s 

successful implementation while providing no additional funding. As of September 15, 2014, only 8 

months away from the due date for the establishment of data standards, Treasury and OMB officials have 

told us that they are still in the early stages of planning the DATA Act implementation. While the two 

parties have established a DATA Act governance and implementation structure and held initial meetings, 

key decisions are still to be made concerning the nature of the data standards and their application at 

individual agencies, new data collection methodologies and Treasury’s data analytic capabilities to name 

just a few.

Given the broad government-wide implications and critical roles assigned to Treasury by the Data Act, we 

consider this a high risk implementation project and management challenge. It should be noted that we 

have initiated a series of audits of Treasury’s efforts to meet its responsibilities under the DATA Act. 

Detect Improper Payments

In light of the continuing problem of improper payments (estimated at $106 billion, or 3.5 percent of all 

federal payments, for fiscal year 2013) and the extreme pressures on the budget, the Federal Government 

has intensified efforts to reduce improper payments in major federal programs. The Do Not Pay Initiative 

is a chief component of these efforts. Executive Order 13520, “Reducing Improper Payments and 

Eliminating Waste in Federal Programs” (November 2009) directed agencies to identify ways in which 

information sharing may improve eligibility verification and pre-payment scrutiny. In June 2010, the 

President issued a memorandum directing the establishment of a “single point of entry” through which 

agencies would access relevant data in order to determine eligibility for a federal award or payment.5 In 

an April 2012 memorandum, OMB described the efforts of OMB and Treasury to establish the Do Not 

Pay Initiative.6 The memorandum directed Federal agencies to develop a plan for using Treasury’s

Do Not Pay system for pre-payment eligibility reviews. In January 2013, the Improper Payments 

Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act of 2012 (IPERIA) was enacted, codifying the ongoing efforts 

to develop and enhance the Do Not Pay Initiative. Additionally, IPERIA required that not later than 

June 1, 2013, all agencies review payments and awards for all programs through the system. 

The Do Not Pay Initiative includes multiple resources that are designed to help agencies confirm that the 

right recipient obtains the right payment for the right reason at the right time. IPERIA provides the 

Federal Government with new tools and authorities to help agencies effectively implement the Do Not 

Pay Initiative. As required by IPERIA, in August 2013 OMB issued implementation guidance for the Do 

Not Pay Initiative in OMB memorandum M-13-20, “Protecting Privacy while Reducing Improper 

Payments with the Do Not Pay Initiative.” The guidance details Treasury’s responsibilities to include 

hosting a working system for the Do Not Pay Initiative that allows agencies to perform pre-award 

eligibility and prepayment reviews. Other Treasury responsibilities include entering into computer 

matching agreements; developing memoranda of understanding with agencies; ensuring records are 

complete, accurate, and current; complying with the Privacy Act; and periodically reporting to OMB.

In accordance with OMB guidance, the Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) designed its Do No 

Pay Business Center to give critical information to paying agencies to help reduce improper payments. 

 5 Presidential Memorandum, “Enhancing Payment Accuracy through a Do Not Pay List,” June 18, 2010. 6 OMB Memorandum M-12-11, “Reducing Improper Payments through the ‘Do Not Pay List,’” Apr. 12, 2012.
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The Do Not Pay Business Center provides two services to agencies: the Do Not Pay Portal and Do Not 

Pay Data Analytics Service. The Do Not Pay Portal is intended to provide users with a single entry point 

to search for entities that may be listed in a variety of data sources such as Social Security 

Administration’s (SSA) Death Master File, the Department of Health and Human Service Office of 

Inspector General’s List of Excluded Individuals/Entities, the General Services Administration’s System 

for Award Management, and Treasury’s Debt Check Database.

While Fiscal Service established the Do Not Pay Business Center, several challenges face the program. 

For example, the effectiveness of the Do Not Pay Business Center as a tool to identify and prevent 

improper payments is hindered because the center does not have access to SSA’s full death data.7 In 

addition, the Do Not Pay Business Center does not have access to two of the six IPERIA-required data 

sources; the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Credit Alert Verification Reporting 

System and SSA’s Prisoner Update Processing System databases. We note that legislation has been 

proposed to make SSA’s full death data available for the Do Not Pay Initiative. In addition, Fiscal Service 

is working to acquire access to the two IPERIA-required databases for the Do Not Pay Business Center.

With its potential to significantly reduce improper payments while at the same time ensuring privacy, the 

Do Not Pay Program is a major and important undertaking by Fiscal Service and Treasury. As part of our 

ongoing audit work in this area, we will continue to monitor the steps taken by Fiscal Service to improve 

the effectiveness of the Do Not Pay Business Center. In addition, we are planning to review the Do Not 

Pay Program’s data analytic capabilities during the coming fiscal year. 

Challenge 6: Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund Administration

In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Congress enacted the Resources and Ecosystems 

Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012 

(RESTORE Act). This law established within Treasury the Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund (Trust 

Fund) and requires Treasury to deposit into the Trust Fund 80 percent of administrative and civil penalties 

paid by responsible parties for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The funds are to be distributed for 

environmental and economic restoration activities affecting the Gulf Coast states (Alabama, Florida, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas). While the total amount that will eventually be deposited into the Trust 

Fund is unknown at this time, estimates range from $5 billion to $15 billion. To date, the Trust Fund 

received approximately $653 million as a result of the Federal Government’s settlement with the 

Transocean defendants. Litigation is ongoing with other defendants. 

Under the RESTORE Act, money from the Trust Fund is allocated to five components: 

• Direct Component (35 percent) – administered by Treasury for allocation in equal shares to the 

Gulf Coast states for ecological and economic restoration of the Gulf Coast region;

• Comprehensive Plan Component (30 percent) – administered by the Gulf Coast Ecosystem 

Restoration Council8 for allocation to Gulf Coast states and Federal agencies, pursuant to a 

comprehensive plan approved by the council, to undertake projects and programs using the best 

available science that would restore and protect the Gulf Coast region’s natural resources, 

ecosystems, fisheries, marine and wildlife habitats, beaches, and coastal wetlands;

 7 Fiscal Service purchased the public version of the Death Master File, which does not include deaths reported by state 

agencies. 8 The Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council consists of the following members, or designees: (1) at the Federal level, 

the Secretaries of the Interior, Army, Commerce, Agriculture, the head of the department in which the Coast Guard is 

operating (currently the Secretary of Homeland Security), and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; 

and (2) at the state level, the Governors of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.
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• Spill Impact Component (30 percent) – administered by the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration 

Council for allocation to the Gulf Coast states for eligible oil spill restoration activities, pursuant 

to the council’s approval of the states’ plans to improve the ecosystems or economy of the Gulf 

Coast region, using a regulatory formula;

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Science Program Component (2.5 

percent) – administered by NOAA for its Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Science, Observation, 

Monitoring, and Technology Program. This program is to carry out research, observation, and 

monitoring to support the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem, fish stocks, fish habitat, and 

the recreational, commercial, and charter fishing industry in the Gulf of Mexico; and

• Centers of Excellence Research Grants Program Component (2.5 percent) – administered by 

Treasury for allocation in equal shares to the Gulf Coast states for competitive grant awards to 

nongovernmental entities and consortia in the Gulf Coast region, including public and private 

institutions of higher education, to establish centers for excellence to conduct Gulf Coast region 

research.

The RESTORE Act prescribes how funds will be distributed and gives the Secretary authority to withhold 

funds if certain conditions in the act are not met, including compliance with procurement rules and 

regulations. What makes the administration of the RESTORE Act a challenge is that the numerous 

entities and councils which are to receive and further allocate funding are still establishing their own 

policies and procedures. There is the need for cooperation and coordination by these entities and councils 

to ensure funds are spent responsibly.

The RESTORE Act also authorized our office to conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and 

investigations of projects, programs and activities funded under this legislation. To date, we have reported 

on the progress of Treasury’s activities to develop regulations governing the Trust Fund components and 

establish a grant program for administering the Direct Component and the Centers of Excellence Research 

Grants Program Component. We continue to meet with the Fiscal Assistant Secretary’s staff and provide 

our perspectives on controls as the procedures to administer the Trust Fund are being developed. We are 

actively engaged in coordinating with affected Federal, state, and local government entities to ensure 

effective oversight of programs established by the act.

It should be noted that as October 14, 2014, the Department announced that eligible states and local 

governments can apply for and receive grants to support the recovery of communities affected by the 

Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The appropriate disbursement and use of these funds will be a focus of our 

work going forward.

Other Matters of Concern

Although we are not reporting these as management and performance challenges, we want to highlight 

two areas of concern – (1) currency and coin production and (2) documenting key activities and decisions. 

Currency and Coin Production

In January 2012, we reported on deficiencies with the BEP’s production process, which led to 1.4 

billion finished NexGen $100 notes being printed (in 2010) but not accepted by FRB because creasing 

was detected in some of the finished notes. Although the production problems were identified and 

sufficiently resolved and FRB began supplying financial institutions with the redesigned NexGen 

$100 Notes in October 2013; BEP and FRB still need to decide on a course of action for the 

disposition of the 1.4 billion finished notes that have not been accepted by FRB. 
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Another matter related to currency redesign that should be kept in mind is meaningful access to U.S. 

currency for blind and visually impaired individuals. In response to a court ruling on that matter, in 

2011 Treasury submitted a three-element approach and a plan to explore emerging technologies to 

provide such access. Two elements of this approach--raised tactile features and large, high-contrast 

numerals—require changes to the design of currency. The third element is a three-phased program 

started in July 2014 to provide currency readers. The lessons learned from the NexGen $100 Note 

production process audits underscore the need for sound and comprehensive project management as 

BEP undertakes this redesign effort. 

Challenges continue to exist with coin production. For example, the cost of producing penny and 

nickel coins were double their face value because rising metal prices have resulted in higher 

production costs. 

It is also imperative that BEP and the Mint consider the effect of alternative payment methods and 

other technological advances (such as stored value cards, the Internet, smartphones, virtual currencies, 

etc.) on their respective business models, practices, and future planning and interactions with their 

customer, FRB.

Documenting Key Activities and Decisions

In prior years, I have cited several audits by my office that highlighted lapses by the Department in 

maintaining a complete and concurrent record of key activities and decisions. These audits reported on 

the selection of financial agents for Treasury’s investment in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage 

backed securities, Treasury’s consultative role with the Department of Energy’s Solyndra loan 

guarantee, and OCC’s oversight of foreclosure-related consent orders. More recently, we reported that 

while Fiscal Service’s decisions to establish the Direct Express® Debit MasterCard® program and 

select the program’s financial agent were reasonable, its analyses and documentation of those 

decisions should have been more complete.9

Maintaining proper documentation is a fundamental tenet of government accountability and 

transparency. Maintaining proper documentation is also in the best long-term interest of Treasury and 

its component offices and bureaus if actions are later questioned, as they have been. In this regard, 

appropriate documentation can be as simple as contemporaneous notes providing a record of why 

decisions were made, the way they were made, and how the government satisfied itself that the 

decisions were the best course. Also adding to the documentation challenge is the increase in federal 

retirements along with the resulting loss of institutional knowledge. We do note that Treasury has 

issued policy that addresses documentation requirements, such as Treasury Directive 80-05, Records 

and Information Management Program. In our view, this is a matter of Treasury management 

personnel needing to remain aware and vigilant.

We would be pleased to discuss our views on the management and performance challenges and the other 

matters expressed in this memorandum in more detail.

cc: Nani A. Coloretti

Assistant Secretary for Management

 9 Office of Inspector General, Fiscal Service Needs to Improve Program Management of Direct Express (OIG-14-031); 

issued Mar. 26, 2014.
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October 15, 2014

MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARY LEW

FROM: J. Russell George

Inspector General

SUBJECT: Management and Performance Challenges Facing the Internal Revenue 

Service for Fiscal Year 2015

The Reports Consolidation Act of 20001 requires that the Treasury Inspector General for Tax 

Administration (TIGTA) summarize, for inclusion in the annual Department of the Treasury 

Agency Financial Report, its perspective on the most serious management and performance 

challenges confronting the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Each year, TIGTA evaluates IRS programs, operations, and management functions to identify 

the areas of highest vulnerabilities to the Nation’s tax system. For Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, the 

top management and performance challenges, in order of priority, are:

• Security for Taxpayer Data and IRS Employees;

• Implementing the Affordable Care Act and Other Tax Law Changes;

• Tax Compliance Initiatives;

• Fraudulent Claims and Improper Payments;

• Achieving Program Efficiencies and Cost Savings;

• Modernization;

• Providing Quality Taxpayer Service Operations;

• Globalization;

• Taxpayer Protection and Rights; and

• Human Capital.

Despite operating with a significantly reduced budget in FY 2013, the IRS collected nearly $2.9 

trillion in tax revenue, processed more than 240 million tax returns and supplemental 

documents, and issued approximately $364 billion in tax refunds. The IRS continued to face 

budgetary pressure and address ongoing congressional inquiries and investigations related to 

the IRS’s prior criteria and processes to select and review applications for tax-exempt status. In 

FY 2015, the IRS will continue to face budgetary constraints that will present a substantial 

challenge in effectively carrying out its mission. In FY 2014, the IRS budget was approximately 

 

1 31 U.S.C. § 3516(d) (2006).
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$11.3 billion, $850 million less than its FY 2010 level. During the same period, the IRS lost 

almost 10,000 full-time permanent employees. As the IRS faces new or growing challenges 

with a reduced budget and smaller staff, it must identify and implement innovative and costsaving strategies to accomplish its mission of providing America’s taxpayers top-quality service 

by helping them understand and meet their tax responsibilities and enforce the law with integrity 

and fairness.

Further, the IRS has increased responsibilities as it implements and administers certain 

provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act).2 Until FY 

2012, the IRS received some funding from the Department of Health and Human Services to 

support implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Since FY 2013, all Affordable Care Act 

spending has been funded from the IRS’s operating budget. The IRS estimated its FY 2014 

Affordable Care Act budget needs at approximately $400 million and requested approximately 

$450 million in its FY 2015 budget. If the IRS does not receive sufficient funding, it expects that 

Affordable Care Act implementation costs will adversely affect both taxpayer service and 

enforcement activities. This includes a projected further decline in the IRS Level of Service3 due 

to increased demand to address Affordable Care Act questions. In addition, the IRS may 

reduce hours and services at its walk-in centers throughout the country.

The following information detailing the management and performance challenges is being 

provided to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the IRS’s administration of the 

Nation’s tax laws.

SECURITY FOR TAXPAYER DATA AND IRS EMPLOYEES

The IRS relies extensively on its computer systems to support both its financial and mission–

related operations. Effective information systems security is essential to ensure that data are 

protected against inadvertent or deliberate misuse, improper disclosure or destruction, and that 

computer operations supporting tax administration are secured against disruption or 

compromise. Protecting the confidentiality of this sensitive information is paramount. 

Otherwise, taxpayers could be exposed to the loss of privacy and to financial loss and damages 

resulting from identity theft or other financial crimes.

According to an Office of Management and Budget report to Congress, threats to Federal 

information—whether from insider threat (e.g., mistakes, as well as fraudulent or malevolent 

acts by employees or contractors), criminal elements, or nation states—continue to grow in 

number and sophistication, creating risks to the reliable functioning of our Government.4

 The 

IRS faces the daunting task of securing its massive computer systems against this growing 

threat. According to the Department of Homeland Security’s U.S. Computer Emergency 

Readiness Team, Federal agencies reported 60,753 cyberattacks in FY 2013, an increase of 

about 24 percent from FY 2012.5

Computer security has been problematic for the IRS since 1997. In April 2014, the Government 

Accountability Office (GAO) reported that the IRS is making progress in addressing information 

 2 Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010) (codified as amended in scattered sections of the U.S. code), as 

amended by the Heath Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029.

3 Level of Service is the primary measure of service to taxpayers. It is the relative success rate of taxpayers who 

call for live assistance on the IRS toll-free telephone lines. 4 Office of Mgmt. & Budget, Exec. Office of the President, Fiscal Year 2012 Report to Congress on the

Implementation of The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002, at 1 (Mar. 2013). 5 Office of Mgmt. & Budget, Exec. Office of the President, Annual Report to Congress: Federal Information Security 

Management Act, at 31 (May 2014).
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security control weaknesses; however, the GAO noted that weaknesses remain that could affect 

the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of financial and sensitive taxpayer data.6

TIGTA also continues to identify significant security weaknesses in this area. During a review to 

determine whether closed corrective actions to security weaknesses and findings reported by 

TIGTA have been fully implemented, we found that 8 of the 19 planned corrective actions had 

not been fully implemented and should not have been closed. These planned corrective actions 

involved systems containing taxpayer data.7 When the right degree of security diligence is not 

applied to systems, disgruntled insiders or malicious outsiders can exploit security weaknesses 

and may gain unauthorized access.

TIGTA also reported that taxpayer and other sensitive information may be at risk due to a lack of 

background investigation requirements in five contracts for courier, printing, document recovery, 

and sign language interpreter services. For example, in one printing services contract, the IRS 

provided the contractor a computer disk containing 1.4 million taxpayer names, addresses, and 

Social Security Numbers; however, none of the contractor personnel who worked on this 

contract were subject to a background investigation.8

 By allowing contractor personnel access 

to taxpayer data and other sensitive information without the appropriate background 

investigation, the IRS exposes taxpayers to increased risk of fraud and identity theft.

Beyond safeguarding a vast amount of sensitive financial and personal data, the IRS must also 

protect more than 92,000 people working in more than 650 facilities nationwide. Physical 

violence, harassment, and intimidation of these employees pose significant challenges to the 

implementation of a fair and effective system of tax administration.

The IRS has approximately 25,000 frontline employees who have direct contact with taxpayers 

and their representatives. While the IRS has programs that focus on employee protection, 

including the Potentially Dangerous Taxpayer and Caution Upon Contact programs, the IRS has 

not developed sufficient procedures to enable frontline employees to readily identify whether a 

taxpayer representative has been designated as a Potentially Dangerous Taxpayer or Caution 

Upon Contact.9 The safety of frontline employees, others working in the same facilities, and 

taxpayers is at risk when these employees unknowingly meet with potentially dangerous 

taxpayer representatives.

In the last four years, threats directed at the IRS have become the second largest component of 

the workload of TIGTA’s Office of Investigations. Between FYs 2011 and 2013, TIGTA 

processed more than 8,200 threat-related complaints. This resulted in nearly 4,000 threat 

investigations that required the prompt response of TIGTA special agents to mitigate those 

threats and determine whether criminal prosecutions of the perpetrators making the threats 

were warranted.

The continuing public debate surrounding the Affordable Care Act and increased scrutiny over 

Federal Government spending and management could fuel threats against the Federal 

Government, including IRS employees and facilities.

 6 U.S. Gov’t Accountability Office, GAO-14-405, IRS Needs to Address Control Weaknesses That Place Financial 

and Taxpayer Data at Risk (Apr. 2014). 7 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2013-20-117, Improved Controls Are Needed to Ensure That All Planned Corrective Actions for 

Security Weaknesses Are Fully Implemented to Protect Taxpayer Data (Sep. 2013). 8 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-10-037, Some Contractor Personnel Without Background Investigations Had Access to 

Taxpayer Data and Other Sensitive Information (July 2014). 9 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-020, Improvement Is Needed to Better Enable Frontline Employee Identification of 

Potentially Dangerous and Caution Upon Contact Designations (Mar. 2014).
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IMPLEMENTING THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT AND OTHER TAX LAW CHANGES

One of the challenges the IRS confronts each year in processing tax returns is the 

implementation of new tax law changes as well as changes resulting from expired tax 

provisions. Correctly implementing tax law changes remains a significant challenge because 

the legislative actions generating the changes often occur late in the year, shortly before the 

filing season begins. As a result, the IRS must often act quickly to assess the changes and

determine the necessary actions to ensure that all legislative requirements are satisfied. Errors 

in the IRS’s tax return processing systems may delay tax refunds, affect the accuracy of 

taxpayer accounts, and/or result in incorrect taxpayer notices.

The Affordable Care Act represents the largest set of tax law changes in more than 20 years 

and presents a continuing challenge for the IRS as provisions take effect. Changes in the 

implementation of Affordable Care Act tax provisions could result in increased demand for 

customer service assistance resulting in more contacts with the IRS. Depending on the nature 

of any changes, the IRS’s strategy and plans to provide adequate customer service could be 

affected. This is particularly important because beginning in January 2015, the IRS will take the 

lead in providing Affordable Care Act-related customer service to taxpayers.

10

The Affordable Care Act provision which imposed an excise tax on medical devices became 

effective in Calendar Year 2013. Manufacturers, producers, and importers are responsible for 

collecting the excise tax and filing Form 720, Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return. The IRS is 

attempting to develop a compliance strategy to ensure that businesses are compliant with 

medical device excise tax filing and payment requirements. However, the IRS still cannot 

identify the population of medical device manufacturers registered with the Food and Drug 

Administration that are required to file a Form 720 and pay the medical device excise tax.

TIGTA remains concerned about the protection of confidential taxpayer data that will be 

provided to the Federal and State Exchanges. We determined that the steps the IRS took to 

provide assistance to the Exchanges were helpful; however, additional procedures are needed 

to provide greater assurance that Federal tax information is protected prior to its release. IRS 

procedures do not require the Exchanges to submit an initial independent Security Assessment 

Report that could help evaluate risk levels at the individual agencies and be used to prioritize 

on-site reviews. Without sufficient and complete information regarding the status of required 

security controls, the IRS might approve the release of Federal tax information to an 

environment that puts the information at risk of unauthorized disclosure or misuse.11

The Affordable Care Act provides for a refundable tax credit, the Premium Tax Credit, to offset 

an individual’s health insurance expenses. Like other refundable credits, the Premium Tax 

Credit carries a risk for improper payments. The IRS informed us that two new systems are 

under development that will address Affordable Care Act tax refund fraud risk. However, until 

these new systems are successfully developed and tested, TIGTA remains concerned that the 

IRS’s existing fraud detection system may not be capable of identifying Affordable Care Act 

refund fraud or schemes prior to the issuance of tax refunds.

 10 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-43-043, The Affordable Care Act: An Improved Strategy Is Needed to Ensure Accurate 

Reporting and Payment of the Medical Device Excise Tax (July 2014). 11 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-23-070, Affordable Care Act: Expanded Guidance Provided Assistance to the Exchanges, 

but Greater Assurance of the Protection of Federal Tax Information Is Needed (Sep. 2014).
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TAX COMPLIANCE INITIATIVES

Increasing budgetary pressure has led to a reduction of IRS resources in the enforcement area, 

which has impacted tax compliance. Since FY 2010, the number of enforcement personnel has 

decreased by 20 percent, from 17,206 in FY 2010 to 13,696 at the end of FY 2013. The decline 

in IRS personnel has contributed to a decrease in the number of examinations and an increase 

in the number of delinquent tax accounts that are assigned to an inactive status. Although we 

identified some positive indicators in compliance activities, the negative trends are cause for 

concern, especially given that diminished enforcement could also affect voluntary compliance 

over time.12

Businesses and Individuals

The underreporting of individual and corporate income, employment, and estate taxes, at 

$376 billion a year, accounts for the largest portion of the $450 billion Tax Gap, which is 

defined as the difference between the estimated amount taxpayers owe and the amount 

they voluntarily and timely pay for a tax year. The IRS addresses this gap by attempting to 

identify questionable tax returns when they are received and processed and by conducting 

examinations of tax returns filed to determine if any adjustments to the information reported 

on the tax returns are needed. In addition, the IRS issues notices and contacts taxpayers 

to collect the delinquent taxes. If necessary, the IRS takes enforcement action, such as 

filing liens and seizing assets, to collect the taxes.

The IRS Commissioner testified in May 2014 that the IRS expects the Federal Government 

will lose almost $3 billion in revenue in FY 2014 as a result of key enforcement programs 

operating well below historical levels. This includes the IRS performing 100,000 fewer 

individual audits and significant declines in audits of high-wealth individuals, businesses, 

and partnerships.

TIGTA recently reviewed the IRS’s Delinquent Return13 Refund Hold Program (Program) 

that addresses taxpayer filing compliance by delaying issuance of a taxpayer’s income tax 

refund for up to six months while the IRS investigates a return delinquency on another tax 

year. The refund can be used to offset any balance due on a taxpayer’s delinquent return. 

The Program helps to reduce the Tax Gap by increasing revenue at a lower cost and in a 

shorter time period than assigning a return delinquency to a revenue officer who attempts 

to obtain the delinquent return. As part of the Program, the IRS holds refunds that meet 

certain criteria, including a specific dollar threshold.

Program results show that taxpayers whose refunds are held are significantly more likely to 

resolve return delinquencies on previous tax years than taxpayers whose refunds are not 

held. In Calendar Year 2012, the Program collected nearly $242 million which was applied 

to balances due on delinquent returns.

Because of limited resources, the IRS has been unable to expand the Program’s use, even 

though there could be tangible benefits in doing so. In the current budget environment, 

lowering the threshold and expanding the Program represents an opportunity to increase 

 12 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-30-062, Trends in Compliance Activities Through Fiscal Year 2013 (Sep. 2014). 13 A tax return is delinquent if a taxpayer does not file the return with the IRS by the due date (including extensions) 

for any year in which a filing requirement exists.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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both taxpayer filing compliance and revenue dollars at a lower cost than traditional 

collection programs, such as assigning cases to revenue officers in the field.14

Tax-Exempt Entities

In its most recent Strategic Plan, the IRS noted the complexity of tax laws related to the 

administration of tax-exempt and government entities. While these entities are not subject 

to Federal income tax, they represent a significant aspect of tax administration with 

approximately 2.5 million entities holding $18 trillion in assets.

The IRS’s prior use of inappropriate criteria for selecting and reviewing applications for taxexempt status has been a significant concern to Congress and to organizations seeking 

tax-exempt status. There have been a number of congressional hearings and 

investigations into this matter. It is likely that the IRS will continue to receive scrutiny in the 

exempt organizations area in FY 2015, and its actions will be reviewed by TIGTA.

Similar to for-profit employers, tax-exempt organizations with compensated employees are 

required to pay payroll taxes that are withheld from employees’ wages “in trust” for the 

Federal Government as well as other applicable Federal taxes. Payroll taxes required to 

be withheld from employees and matched by the tax-exempt organization generally consist 

of income taxes and Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, commonly referred to as 

Social Security and Medicare taxes. TIGTA found that more than 64,200 tax-exempt 

organizations accumulated nearly $875 million in Federal tax debt as of June 16, 2012. 

While some organizations owed minor amounts, approximately 1,200 tax-exempt 

organizations owed more than $100,000 each.15 We reviewed a judgmental sample of 25 

Internal Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organizations that appeared to have 

significant Federal tax noncompliance.16 The IRS tried to resolve the tax liabilities and 

collection action has been taken on all 25 tax-exempt organizations and most officers of the 

organizations that we reviewed. We recommended the IRS periodically complete analyses 

to identify and evaluate tax-exempt organizations with significant unpaid payroll and other 

Federal taxes and that receive funding from government grants and pay large salaries to 

executives and officers to determine if there are any tax-exempt issues that may warrant 

examinations.

FRAUDULENT CLAIMS AND IMPROPER PAYMENTS

Improper payments by Federal Government agencies have been an issue for many years, and 

numerous efforts have been made to identity, measure, and reduce them. These include laws 

specifically addressing improper payments, an Executive Order,17 and guidance by certain 

oversight agencies, such as the Office of Management and Budget. The Improper Payments 

Information Act of 200218 requires Federal agencies, including the IRS, to estimate the amount 

 14 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-30-023, Expansion of the Delinquent Return Refund Hold Program Could Improve Filing 

Compliance and Help Reduce the Tax Gap (May 2014). 15 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-10-012, Some Tax-Exempt Organizations Have Substantial Delinquent Payroll Taxes (Jul.

2014). 16 These 25 organizations had Federal tax debt totaling more than $25 million, incurred delinquencies in five or 

more tax periods, and accepted funding from Medicare, Medicaid, and government grants. These organizations 

are not representative of all delinquent organizations but appear to be among the worst examples of the more than 

64,200 tax-exempt organizations with delinquent Federal taxes. Thus, the results from these 25 cases cannot be 

projected to the more than 64,200 tax-exempt organizations with delinquent Federal taxes. 17 Exec. Order 13520, Reducing Improper Payments and Eliminating Waste in Federal Programs, 74 Fed. Reg. 

62201 (2009). 18 Pub. L. No. 107-300, 116 Stat. 2350.
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of improper payments made each year and report to Congress on the causes of and the steps 

taken to reduce improper payments, as well as to address whether they have the information 

systems and other infrastructure needed to reduce improper payments. TIGTA reported that the 

IRS continued to not provide all required improper payments information to the Department of 

the Treasury for inclusion in the Department of the Treasury Agency Financial Report for FY 

2013 as required by the Act.19

The Earned Income Tax Credit remains the largest refundable credit20 based on the total claims 

paid, and it continues to be vulnerable to a high rate of noncompliance, including incorrect or 

erroneous claims caused by taxpayer error or resulting from fraud. The IRS estimates that 24 

percent of all Earned Income Tax Credit payments made in FY 2013, or $14.5 billion, were paid 

in error.21 TIGTA continues to report that the IRS does not have effective processes to ensure 

that claimants qualify for these credits at the time tax returns are processed and prior to 

issuance of fraudulent tax refunds. In addition, the IRS estimates that it has paid between $124 

billion and $148 billion in improper Earned Income Tax Credit payments in FYs 2003 through 

2013.22

The IRS’s compliance resources are limited and additional alternatives to traditional compliance 

methods have not been developed. Consequently, the IRS does not address the majority of 

potentially erroneous Earned Income Tax Credit claims. This is despite the IRS having 

processes that successfully identify billions of dollars in potentially erroneous Earned Income 

Tax Credit payments. Statutory requirements further limit the IRS’s ability to ensure that Earned 

Income Tax Credit claims are valid before they are paid. The Internal Revenue Code requires 

the IRS to process tax returns and pay any related tax refunds within 45 days of receipt of the 

tax return or the tax return due date, whichever is later. Because of this requirement, the IRS 

cannot conduct extensive eligibility checks similar to those that occur with other Federal 

programs that typically certify eligibility prior to the issuance of payments or benefits.23

Another significant and growing problem with an increasingly significant impact on tax 

administration is identity theft. Identity theft for the purpose of committing tax fraud occurs when 

an individual uses another person’s name and Taxpayer Identification Number (generally a 

Social Security Number) to file a fraudulent tax return to obtain a fraudulent tax refund. The IRS 

has described identity theft as the number one tax scam for 2014.24 The IRS has made this 

issue one of its top priorities and has made some progress; however, significant improvements 

are still needed.

The IRS continues to expand identity theft filters to identify fraudulent tax returns at the time the 

returns are processed. As of April 30, 2014, the IRS reported that it identified and confirmed 

236,313 fraudulent tax returns and prevented the issuance of nearly $1.2 billion in fraudulent tax 

refunds as a result of identity theft filters. Tax returns identified by these filters are held during 

processing until the IRS can verify the taxpayer’s identity. However, verifying whether the 

 19 TIGTA, Ref, No. 2014-40-027, The Internal Revenue Service Fiscal Year 2013 Improper Payment Reporting 

Continues to Not Comply With the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act (Mar. 2014). 20 A refundable credit allows taxpayers to reduce their tax liability to below zero and thus receive a tax refund even 

if no income tax was withheld or paid.

21 The estimated Earned Income Tax Credit improper payment range for Fiscal Year 2013 was from 22 to 26 

percent and from $13.3 billion to $15.6 billion.

22 Department of the Treasury Performance and Accountability Reports for Fiscal Years 2003 through 2010 and 

Department of Treasury Agency Financial Reports for Fiscal Years 2011 through 2013.

23 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-093, Existing Compliance Processes Will Not Reduce the Billions of Dollars in Improper 

Earned Income Tax Credit and Additional Child Tax Credit Payments (Sep. 2014). 24 IRS Press Release, IR-2014-16 (February 19, 2014). 
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returns are fraudulent will require additional resources. Without the necessary resources, it is 

unlikely that the IRS will be able to work the entire inventory of potentially fraudulent tax returns 

it identifies. The net cost of failing to provide the necessary resources is substantial, given that 

the potential revenue loss to the Federal Government of these tax fraud-related identity theft 

cases is in the billions of dollars annually. Less easy to quantify is the erosion in taxpayer 

confidence concerning the security of the system of tax administration when they do not receive 

the assistance that they seek to regain the integrity of their identities.

To provide relief to victims of identity theft, the IRS began issuing Identity Protection Personal 

Identification Numbers (IP PIN) to eligible taxpayers in FY 2011. Use of an IP PIN provides 

relief to taxpayers because it allows the IRS to process tax returns without delay and helps 

prevent the misuse of taxpayers’ Social Security Numbers on fraudulent tax returns. However, 

TIGTA determined that the IRS did not provide an IP PIN to 532,637 taxpayers who had an 

identity theft indicator on their tax account indicating that the IRS resolved their case. The IRS 

also did not provide an IP PIN to 24,628 taxpayers who were potential victims since their 

Personally Identifiable Information had been lost by the IRS or breached/stolen from the IRS. 

IRS officials stated they did not provide an IP PIN because these individuals have not been a 

victim of tax-related identity theft. However, it should be noted that this position is not consistent 

with actions the IRS takes to proactively provide an IP PIN to taxpayers who have an increased 

exposure to the possibility of identity theft. Finally, IRS programming errors resulted in 32,274 

taxpayers not timely receiving an IP PIN.25

TIGTA’s Office of Investigations focuses its limited resources on investigating identity theft 

characterized by any type of IRS employee involvement, the misuse of client information by tax 

preparers, or the impersonation of the IRS through phishing26 schemes and other means. In the 

late summer of 2013, TIGTA became aware of numerous complaints from around the country 

about suspicious callers claiming to be IRS employees collecting taxes from recent IRS audits. 

The callers demanded that the tax payments be made to pre-paid debit cards and threatened 

arrest, suspension of business or driver’s licenses, and even deportation if the callers’ demands 

were not met. In many cases, the callers became hostile and insulting. As of August 2014, the 

TIGTA Hotline received more than 120,000 reports related to this scam, and it is estimated that 

the scheme has resulted in more than $7 million in payments made by the victims. TIGTA 

special agents are actively investigating this criminal activity.

Although the IRS is continuing to make changes to its processes to increase its ability to detect, 

prevent, and track fraudulent tax returns and improve assistance to victims of identity theft, there 

is still significant work to be done to address this growing and difficult problem.

ACHIEVING PROGRAM EFFICIENCIES AND COST SAVINGS

Given the current economic environment and the increased focus by the Administration, 

Congress, and the American people on Federal Government accountability and efficient use of 

resources, the American people must be able to trust that their Government is taking action to 

stop wasteful practices and is spending every tax dollar wisely. This challenge has become 

even more pressing in recent years as the IRS has struggled to maintain key taxpayer service

and enforcement operations while operating with a reduced budget and smaller staff.

 25 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-086, Identity Protection Personal Identification Numbers Are Not Provided to All Eligible 

Taxpayers (Sep. 2014). 26 Phishing is an attempt by an individual or group to solicit personal and financial information from unsuspecting 

users in an electronic communication by masquerading as trustworthy entities such as government agencies, 

popular social websites, auction sites, online payment processors, or information technology administrators.
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While the IRS has taken steps to improve program effectiveness and reduce costs, progress in 

this area will continue to be a major challenge in FY 2015. Recently, TIGTA reported that the 

IRS incurred unnecessary costs as a result of storing records past due for disposal. As of June 

2013, the IRS had 238,523 cubic feet of records past due for disposal on which it was obligated 

to pay ongoing monthly storage costs. We calculated the excess cost paid from the start of FY 

2011 through March 2014, and determined that the IRS had to pay more than $700,000 in 

excess storage costs related to these records. While these unnecessary expenditures are not a 

significant portion of the approximately $15 million the IRS spends annually on storage costs for 

tax records, the current IRS budget environment makes it a priority to find any cost savings.

In the same audit, we found that the IRS did not perform a sufficient review of National Archives 

Records Administration invoices for $30.8 million in tax record storage services before certifying 

them for payment. Specifically, we did not identify any evidence that the IRS performed a 

review of available supporting information or compared the charges to any internal IRS records 

prior to certifying the invoices for payment.27

We also found that the IRS does not effectively manage server software licenses and is not 

adhering to Federal requirements and industry best practices. Until the IRS addresses these 

issues, it will continue to incur increased risks in managing software licenses. TIGTA estimates 

that the amount wasted because of the inadequate management of server software licenses is 

in the range of $81 million to $114 million based on amounts spent for licenses and annual 

license maintenance that were not being used at the time of a compliance review.28

TIGTA also reported that the IRS could reduce its paper return processing costs by more than 

$17 million annually if the same electronic filing requirement that currently applies to paid 

preparers who file individual tax returns was also applied to paid preparers filing business tax 

returns. Paid preparers who file 11 or more individual returns are required to file the returns 

electronically. Federal law currently prohibits the IRS from creating requirements for businesses 

to electronically file. Legislation would be needed in order for an electronic filing requirement to 

be implemented.29

MODERNIZATION

The Business Systems Modernization Program (Modernization Program) is a complex effort to 

modernize IRS technology and related business processes. The IRS’s modernization efforts 

continue to focus on core tax administration systems designed to provide taxpayers and IRS 

employees with more sophisticated tools. These efforts will provide the foundation for 

implementing a real-time tax system and reducing improper payments and fraudulent refunds. 

They will also provide the technology infrastructure and architecture that will enable taxpayers 

and other stakeholders the capability to securely access tax account information. The 

complexity of these efforts continues to pose significant technological and business challenges 

for the IRS. For FY 2015, the IRS requested $330 million to modernize its business systems.

In February 2013, the GAO reported that it removed the Modernization Program from its High 

Risk List because of the IRS’s progress in addressing the significant weaknesses in information 

technology and financial management capabilities and commitment to sustaining progress in the 

 27 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-10-074, Controls Over Records Storage Costs Could Be Improved (Sep. 2014). 28 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-20-042, The Internal Revenue Service Should Improve Server Software Asset 

Management and Reduce Costs (Sep. 2014). 29 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-084, A Service-Wide Strategy Is Needed to Increase Business Tax Return Electronic 

Filing (Sep. 2014).
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future.30 Although the GAO removed the Modernization Program from its High Risk List, we 

believe the program remains a high risk and major management challenge for the IRS because 

of the need for improvements in information technology practices and performance.

The IRS considers the Customer Account Data Engine 2 (CADE 2) program critical to the IRS 

mission. It is the IRS’s most important information technology investment. The CADE 2 system 

provides for a centralized database of individual taxpayer accounts. Once implemented, it will 

allow IRS employees to view tax data online and provide timely responses to taxpayers.

Over the past several years, TIGTA has reported on the progress of CADE 2 implementation. In 

September 2012, we reported that the IRS had data integrity checks in place at several levels of 

the CADE 2 database. Despite these controls and their data integrity testing efforts, the IRS 

could not ensure that the data on the CADE 2 database were consistently accurate and 

complete at the data field level. This is due to the complexity of many of the data transformation 

rules and embedded business logic contained within certain data fields.31 In September 2013, 

we reported that the CADE 2 database could not be used as a trusted source for downstream 

systems. The IRS applied a total of 2.4 million data corrections to the CADE 2 database as a 

result of data validation tests. At that time, the IRS was unable to evaluate 431 CADE 2 

database columns of data for data accuracy.32 However, we reported in September 2014 that 

the IRS’s data validation efforts were efficiently performed due to adequate planning and 

resource coordination. Still, while a large percentage of the data fields are validated periodically 

with automated tools, the IRS has no documented plan to ensure that data fields validated using 

other means are validated periodically.33

Modernizing legacy tax administration systems to receive and process CADE 2 data and to

process new legislative changes, such as the Affordable Care Act, will continue to present a 

major challenge for the IRS.

PROVIDING QUALITY TAXPAYER SERVICE OPERATIONS

Providing quality customer service to taxpayers is the IRS’s first step to achieving compliance 

with tax laws. An important component of this involves answering taxpayers’ questions to assist 

them in correctly preparing their tax returns, because providing them with accurate information 

reduces the incidence of taxpayer errors and the subsequent need to send notices and 

correspondence when taxpayers make errors. Further, quality taxpayer service can also reduce 

unintentional noncompliance and shrinks the need for future collection activity.

In the past, TIGTA has evaluated the IRS’s efforts to provide quality customer service and made 

recommendations for areas of improvement. Although the IRS has implemented certain 

procedures to better assist taxpayers, budget reductions pose a significant challenge and 

continue to force the IRS to cut service to taxpayers. As demand for taxpayer services 

continues to increase, resources devoted to customer service have decreased, thereby affecting 

the quality of customer service that the IRS is able to provide.

 30 GAO-13-283, High Risk Series – An Update (Feb. 2013). 31 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2012-20-109, The Customer Account Data Engine 2 Database Was Initialized; However, 

Database and Security Risks Remain, and Initial Timeframes to Provide Data to Three Downstream Systems May 

Not Be Met (Sep. 2012). 32 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2013-20-125, Customer Account Data Engine 2 Database Deployment Is Experiencing Delays 

and Increased Costs (Sep. 2013). 33 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-20-063, Customer Account Data Engine 2 Database Validation Is Progressing; However, 

Data Coverage, Data Defect Reporting, and Documentation Need Improvement (Sep. 2014).
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TIGTA has seen a decline in the IRS’s ability to provide a sufficient level of customer service in 

each of the channels that taxpayers use, including telephone, face-to-face assistance at 

Taxpayer Assistance Centers (TAC) and Volunteer Program sites, and correspondence. 

Despite the various options, most taxpayers continue to use the telephone as the primary 

method to make contact with the IRS. The IRS continues to struggle in providing high-quality 

customer service over the telephone. There are long customer wait times, customers 

abandoning calls, and customers redialing the IRS toll-free telephone lines for service. For the 

2014 Filing Season, as of May 3, 2014, approximately 65 million taxpayers contacted the IRS by 

calling the various toll-free telephone assistance lines seeking help to understand the tax laws 

and meet their tax obligations. As of May 3, 2014, IRS assistors answered approximately 11 

million calls compared to more than 15 million calls answered at the same time last year. IRS 

numbers continue to show a decline in the total number of taxpayers who contact the IRS who 

are actually assisted. As of March 8, 2014, the number of taxpayers actually assisted had 

dropped from 56.1 percent to 51.6 percent as of the same time last year.34

Additionally, each year, many taxpayers seek assistance from one of the IRS’s 388 TACs. 

However, the IRS estimates that the number of taxpayers it will assist at its TACs will decline 

this fiscal year. The IRS assisted more than 6.5 million taxpayers in FY 2013 and plans to 

assist 5.6 million taxpayers in FY 2014, which is 14 percent fewer than in FY 2013. The IRS 

indicated that budget cuts and its strategy of not offering services at TACs that can be obtained 

through other service channels (such as the IRS’s website) resulted in the reduction of the 

number of taxpayers the IRS plans to assist at the TACs. As part of these service reductions in 

FY 2014, the TACs no longer prepared tax returns, did not answer any tax law questions after 

the filing season ended, and no longer answered taxpayers’ tax refund inquiries unless the 

taxpayer had waited more than 21 days for a refund.35

The IRS’s ability to process taxpayer correspondence in a timely manner has also declined. 

The backlog of paper correspondence inventories has substantially increased. The over-age 

inventory rose from 181,000 at the end of 2010 to almost 1.2 million at the end of 2013.

GLOBALIZATION

The scope, complexity, and magnitude of the international financial system present significant 

enforcement challenges for the IRS. The number of taxpayers conducting international 

business transactions continues to grow as technological advances provide opportunities for 

offshore investments that were once only possible for large corporations and wealthy 

individuals.

As this global economic activity increases, so do concerns regarding the International Tax 

Gap.36 While the IRS has not developed an accurate and reliable estimate of the International 

Tax Gap, non-IRS sources estimate it to be between $40 billion and $133 billion annually. To 

address the International Tax Gap, the IRS developed an international tax strategy plan with two 

major goals: (1) enforce the law to ensure that all taxpayers meet their obligations and (2) 

improve service to make voluntary compliance less burdensome.

International tax noncompliance remains a significant area of concern for the IRS. However, the 

IRS’s collection efforts need to be enhanced to ensure that delinquent international taxpayers 

 34 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-029, Interim Results of the 2014 Filing Season (Mar. 2014). 35 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-077, Key Tax Provisions Were Implemented Correctly for the 2014 Filing Season (Sep. 

2014).

36 The International Tax Gap consists of taxes owed but not collected on time from a U.S. person or foreign person 

whose cross-border transactions are subject to U.S. taxation.
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become compliant with their U.S. tax obligations. TIGTA found that the IRS has not provided 

effective oversight to International Collection (part of the Small Business/Self-Employed 

Division), which contributed to several control weaknesses in the program. For example, 

International Collection does not have adequate policies and procedures, position descriptions, 

or the training needed to ensure that international revenue officers can properly work 

International Collection cases. Additionally, the IRS does not have a specific inventory selection 

process that ensures that the International Collection cases with the highest risk and most 

collection potential are worked by the revenue officers.37

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)38 is an important development in the IRS’s 

efforts to improve U.S. tax compliance involving foreign financial assets and offshore accounts. 

The FATCA was enacted to combat tax evasion by U.S. persons holding investments in 

offshore accounts. Under FATCA, a U.S. taxpayer with financial assets outside the United 

States will be required to report those assets to the IRS. In addition, foreign financial institutions 

will be required to report to the IRS certain information about financial accounts held by U.S. 

taxpayers or by foreign entities in which U.S. taxpayers hold a substantial ownership interest.

TIGTA reported that there are some barriers for the IRS in ensuring the tax compliance of real 

estate sales transactions subject to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 

(FIRPTA).39 The intent of the FIRPTA is to ensure that foreign sellers of U.S. real estate pay 

income taxes on any gains resulting from the sale of the property. However, under existing law, 

it is difficult for the IRS to ensure that many of the real estate transactions involving foreign 

sellers are in compliance with the FIRPTA. TIGTA’s review of Form 1099-S, Proceeds From 

Real Estate Transactions, revealed that approximately 53 percent of the real estate sales 

reported may not have properly complied with the FIRPTA. In addition, TIGTA identified various 

internal control weaknesses in the IRS’s processing of FIRPTA withholding payments and 

withholding credits claimed by foreign sellers on their income tax returns. These internal control 

weaknesses resulted in the issuance of erroneous refunds and balance due notices.40

TAXPAYER PROTECTION AND RIGHTS

The IRS must ensure that tax compliance activities are balanced against the rights of the 

taxpayers to receive fair and equitable treatment. In June 2014, the IRS updated Publication 1, 

Your Rights as a Taxpayer. In this publication, the IRS outlines the rights of the taxpayer and 

the processes for examination, appeals, collection, and refunds. The IRS continues to dedicate 

significant resources and attention to implementing the taxpayer rights provisions of the IRS 

Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998.41 The following audits related to taxpayer rights 

provisions are mandated to be completed annually by TIGTA: Notices of Levies; Restrictions on 

the Use of Enforcement Statistics to Evaluate Employees; Fair Debt Collection Practices Act42

Violations; Notices of Liens; Seizures; Illegal Tax Protestor Designations; Statute of Limitations 

for the Assessment of Additional Taxes and Penalties; Collection Due Process Appeals; Denial 

 37 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-30-054, The Internal Revenue Service Needs to Enhance Its International Collection 

Efforts (Sep. 2014). 38 Pub. L. No. 111-147, §§ 501-41, 124 Stat 71, 97-117 (2010)(codified in scattered sections of 26 U.S.C.). 39 Enacted as Subtitle C of Title XI (the Revenue Adjustments Act of 1980) of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 

1980, Pub. L. No. 96-499, 94 Stat. 2599, 2682 (Dec. 5, 1980). 40 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-30-051, Additional Actions Are Needed to Help Ensure Taxpayer Compliance With the 

Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (Sep. 2014). 41 Pub. L. No. 105-206, 112 Stat. 685 (codified as amended in scattered section of 2 U.S.C., 5 U.S.C. app., 16 

U.S.C., 19 U.S.C., 22 U.S.C., 23 U.S.C., 26 U.S.C., 31 U.S.C., 38 U.S.C., and 49 U.S.C.).

42 15 U.S.C. §§1601 note, 1692-1692o (2006).
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of Requests for Information; Restrictions on Directly Contacting Taxpayers Instead of Authorized 

Representatives; and Separated or Divorced Joint Filer Requests.

In general, the IRS has improved its compliance with these statutory taxpayer rights provisions 

and is documenting its protection of taxpayer rights. However, during the review of the IRS’s 

use of enforcement statistics to evaluate employees, TIGTA found instances of noncompliance 

with the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998 Section 1204 requirements.43 Specifically, 

TIGTA identified instances of noncompliance with each subsection of the law: Section 1204(a), 

which prohibits the IRS from using any record of tax enforcement results to evaluate employees 

or to impose or suggest production quotas or goals; Section 1204(b), which requires that 

employees be evaluated using the fair and equitable treatment of taxpayers as a performance 

standard; and Section 1204(c), which requires each appropriate supervisor to self-certify 

quarterly whether records of tax enforcement results were used in a prohibited manner. Use of 

records of tax enforcement results may create the misperception that safeguarding taxpayer 

rights is secondary to IRS enforcement results.

In addition, TIGTA reported that complaints against tax return preparers are not always timely 

processed.44 TIGTA’s review of 8,354 complaints received in Calendar Years 2012 and 2013 

identified that work on 47 percent of the complaints had yet to be initiated as of September 11, 

2013. Nearly one-half of these complaints had been in the IRS’s inventory for at least 60 

business days. Additionally, processes do not ensure that complaints are accurately and 

consistently worked. TIGTA’s review of a statistically valid sample of 73 complaints found that, 

for 25 complaints worked, the risk-ranking process used by case processors to rank, score, and 

prioritize the complaints was insufficient because each case processor applied the risk-ranking 

elements differently. Tax return preparers serve a critical role in tax administration. Because of 

this critical role, identifying problem preparers through the complaint process is an essential 

component of the IRS’s oversight responsibilities. Unqualified or unethical tax return preparers 

can negatively impact taxpayers as well as tax revenue if the tax returns they prepare are 

incorrect and/or fraudulent.

HUMAN CAPITAL

Human capital is the Federal Government’s most critical asset, making the strategic 

management of human capital a key ongoing challenge facing the IRS. Budget reductions in 

recent years have caused the IRS to reduce staffing, which may have unforeseen implications 

on the IRS’s ability to carry out its mission in future years. Specifically, the IRS’s workforce 

shrank by approximately 9.3 percent between FYs 2011 and 2014. Additionally, by the end of 

FY 2017, nearly 70 percent of all IRS executives and nearly one-half of the IRS’s non-executive 

managers are projected to be eligible for retirement. The anticipated retirements and reduction 

in employees possessing unique skills and institutional knowledge is particularly challenging as 

the number of tax returns the IRS processes continues to rise, the number of identity 

theft-fraud cases continues to increase, and the IRS needs to implement Affordable Care Actrelated tax provisions.

TIGTA reported on how declining resources were impacting the Automated Collection System 

(ACS).45 We found that since FY 2010, the number of ACS employees has decreased by 39 

 43 TIGTA, Ref No. 2014-30-055, Fiscal Year 2014 Statutory Audit of Compliance With Legal Guidelines Restricting 

the Use of Records of Tax Enforcement Results (Sep. 2014). 44 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-40-056, Processes Do Not Ensure That Complaints Against Tax Return Preparers Are 

Timely, Accurately, and Consistently Processed (Aug. 2014). 45 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-30-080, Declining Resources Have Contributed to Unfavorable Trends in Several Key 

Automated Collection System Business Results (Sep. 2014).
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percent due to attrition or reassignment. The combination of fewer resources and the business 

need to continue answering telephone calls has contributed to unfavorable trends in several 

ACS business results over the past four years. Specifically, we determined that inventory is 

growing because new inventory is outpacing case closures, cases in inventory are aging 

because inventory is taking longer to close, revenue declined while more cases were closed as 

uncollectible, and fewer enforcement actions (liens and levies) were taken.

TIGTA also reported that implementation of the mandated sequestration, coupled with a trend of 

lower budgets, reduced staffing, and the loss of supplementary funding for the implementation 

of the Affordable Care Act, affected the IRS’s ability to effectively deliver its priority program 

areas, including customer service and enforcement activities.46 Our analysis of select customer 

service and enforcement statistics indicates that the downward trend in these areas may 

continue. The IRS’s Level of Service decreased from 68 percent in FY 2012 to 61 percent in FY 

2013. Key examination and collection statistics also declined. Examinations of individual tax 

returns declined approximately 5 percent from FY 2012 to FY 2013; and collection activities 

initiated by the IRS, such as liens, levies, and property seizures, declined approximately 33 

percent during the same period.

With a shrinking workforce and budget, it will be a challenge for the IRS to successfully achieve 

its mission of providing America’s taxpayers with top-quality service by helping them understand 

and meet their tax responsibilities and enforcing the law with integrity and fairness.

CONCLUSION

This memorandum is provided as our annual summary of the most serious major management 

and performance challenges confronting the IRS in FY 2015. TIGTA’s Fiscal Year 2015 Annual 

Audit Plan contains our proposed reviews, which are organized by these challenges, in order of 

priority. If you have any questions or wish to discuss our views on the challenges in greater 

detail, please contact me at 

(202) 622-6500.

cc: Deputy Secretary

Acting Assistant Secretary for Management and Chief Financial Officer

Commissioner of Internal Revenue

 46 TIGTA, Ref. No. 2014-10-025, Implementation of Fiscal Year 2013 Sequestration Budget Reductions (June 

2014).
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MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSE TO THE 

MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED BY THE 

TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL 

AND 

TREASURY INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR TAX ADMINISTRATION

In their memoranda dated October 23 and October 15, 2014, the Treasury Inspector General (IG) and the Treasury 

Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA), respectively, identified the major challenges facing 

management. The Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP) did not provide 

Treasury with an annual update on management and performance challenges. The Department of the Treasury 

concurs with the IG and the TIGTA on these challenges. These challenges do not necessarily indicate deficiencies in 

performance; rather, some represent inherent risks that must be monitored continuously. Moving forward, 

Treasury will continue to address these issues proactively. The following tables summarize the major management 

and performance challenges facing the Department of the Treasury, and provide information on the actions taken 

by Treasury in fiscal year 2014 and planned for fiscal year 2015 and beyond. The IG’s matters of concern are also 

addressed below.

Jacob J. Lew

Secretary of the Treasury

November 17, 2014
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RESPONSE TO OIG

OIG CHALLENGE NO. 1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Cyber Threats • Build on existing partnerships among financial institutions, 

regulators, and private entities in the financial sector and 

across critical sectors

• Identify and respond to emerging cyber threats against 

financial institutions and the broader financial sector

• Obtain near-to real-time cybersecurity situational 

awareness across entire department

• Improve the protection of our headquarters’ local area 

network and our classified systems and networks

• Address any sensitive data leakage and wireless security 

issues

Domestic Finance 

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Doubled size of staff from 7 to 14 staff – most staff Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information -

cleared

• Further clarified and strengthened roles and responsibilities within the partnership, which is comprised of 

the sector coordinating council (Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council for Critical Infrastructure 

Protection, FSSCC); the sector information sharing and communications organization (Financial Services 

Information Sharing and Analysis Center, FS-ISAC); and the regulatory community (Financial and 

Banking Information Infrastructure Committee); and other stakeholders

• Increased the sector’s capacity for internal communications on cybersecurity by promoting awareness and 

best practices with senior executives including Chief Executive Officers, Chief Information Officers, Chief 

Information Security Officers

• Stood up and fully operationalized the Financial Sector Cyber Intelligence Group (CIG) within Treasury to 

provide timely and actionable cyber threat information to the financial sector

• Partnered with Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the intelligence community and law 

enforcement to build cyber-intelligence capabilities focused on protecting the financial services sector, 

including the exchange of personnel with different agencies

• Participated in the implementation of key Administration cybersecurity activities including Executive 

Order 13636 Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity and Presidential Policy Directive (PPD)-21 

Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience

• Convened discussions with personnel from the American Bankers Association and insurance companies 

(in partnership with FIO) to identify and address emerging threats

• Coordinated government and industry responses to attacks on individual institutions of the financial 

services sector

• Developed Financial System Infrastructure Mapping to identify critical interrelationships among sector 

entities

• Developed Financial Services Process Flows to capture primary flows of key processes within the sector

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Continue to work with the FSSCC and FS-ISAC, enlisting the trade associations to extend effective crisis 

management and communications to firms of all sizes

• Coordinate Private Sector Clearance Program with DHS for the Financial Services sector

• Engage with industry and government partners to promote use of the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework within the financial sector

• Continued to produce and disseminate Weekly Cyber Highlights with the Office of Intelligence and 

Analysis (OIA) for senior levels within Treasury
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• Prepare and deliver classified briefings for senior executives of individual financial institutions as well as 

members of the sector coordinating council (Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council for Critical 

Infrastructure Protection, FSSCC); the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, FSISAC; and the financial regulatory community (Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure 

Committee FBIIC)

• Respond to FS-ISAC formal requests for information

• Convene monthly classified meetings with cleared financial sector representatives and interagency partners 

to discuss the current cyber threats, prioritized intelligence needs, and obtain feedback on cyber products

• Coordinate with U.S. government cyber partners to maintain access to Treasury on cyber issues 24/7

• Engage intelligence collectors, in conjunction with OIA, to identify the types of cybersecurity information 

most needed by the financial sector

• Participate in National Security Council (NSC)-led Cyber Response Group (CRG) (weekly) and interagency 

cyber coordination calls (daily)

• Work with U.S. government interagency partners to enhance national processes for cyber incident response

• Organize and participate in an ongoing program of cybersecurity exercises involving financial institutions 

and government partners

• Continue to develop Financial Services Process Flows to capture primary flows of key processes within the 

sector

Management (Chief Information Officer)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Achieved the following milestones associated with fiscal year 2014 Cybersecurity Cross-Agency Priority 

goals:

o Monitored 98 percent of Treasury IT assets for inventory, configuration, and vulnerability 

management 

o Routed 99 percent of required network traffic through a Trusted Internet Connection 

• Secured 100 percent of external Internet domains by implementing the Domain Name System Security 

Extensions, enhancing confidence in Treasury websites

• Enhanced cybersecurity threat awareness among senior leadership to address susceptibility to social 

engineering attacks with: 

o High-level briefings on the Government Security Operation Center’s mission and capabilities to 

the Secretary, the Chief of Staff, two Under Secretaries, multiple Assistant Secretaries and other 

senior Department officials

o Targeted threat briefings for Assistant Secretaries 

o Quarterly threat reports detailing the pervasiveness of targeted cyber threats, their nature, and 

individuals targeted

• Provided guidance on protecting personal email accounts against surreptitious compromise at the request 

of the Secretary and an Assistant Secretary

• Provided cybersecurity awareness materials to help users protect their personal accounts following reports 

of possible password thefts hacked from social media accounts

• Informed users on how to determine whether email systems on personally-owned computers have been 

compromised; provided instructions on how to do this for various commercial email systems

• Launched the Treasury Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) Inventory Management 

System (TFIMS) on schedule; TFIMS manages cybersecurity activities for the Department’s approximately 

360 FISMA reportable information systems 

• Ensured Treasury’s key public-facing systems were 100 percent protected against the HeartBleed Open SSL 

Vulnerability before the Department of Homeland Security conducted its first scan 
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• Enhanced the Treasury’s Information Technology Security Program policy to address the increasing 

sophistication of cyber attacks and the operations tempo of adversaries by integrating state-of-the-practice 

security controls and control enhancements into the policy to address multiple threat areas 

• Completed the Department’s strategy for Information Security Continuous Monitoring (ISCM) in 

accordance with the schedule mandated by OMB-M-14-03, “Enhancing the Security of Federal Information 

and Information Systems”

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Enhance ISCM through the DHS’s Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM) program; the DHS 

CDM is designed to strengthen the security posture of the federal civilian Executive Branch (“.gov”) data 

networks 

• Implement a Wireless Intrusion Prevention System for the Main Treasury campus

• Institutionalize fiscal year 2015 expected levels of performance for the administration’s Cross-Agency 

Priority goals for cybersecurity, including:

o Information Security Continuous Monitoring

o Identity Credential and Access Management

o Anti-phishing and Malware Defense

• Continue to improve performance on key FISMA metrics to ensure the organization’s systems and 

applications operate effectively and provide appropriate confidentiality, integrity, and availability through 

cost-effective management, personnel, operational, and technical controls

• Launch a three-month cybersecurity campaign to enhance awareness of password security, phishing and 

the use of Personal Identity Verification cards for authentication

OCC

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• OCC (as the Chair of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC)) spearheaded the 

formation of an interagency working group charged with coordinating with intelligence, law enforcement, 

and homeland security officials to fight existing and emerging threats; the working group considers ways to 

improve coordination of supervisory policies relating to cybersecurity and infrastructure resilience and 

whether additional legislative authority is needed to stop security threats

• In June 2014, the FFIEC launched a Web page on cybersecurity (www.ffiec.gov/cybersecurity.htm); as the 

web page is a central repository for current and future FFIEC-related materials on cybersecurity

• FFEIC members, both federal and state, piloted new cybersecurity exam procedures at community 

institutions during regularly scheduled examinations and completed a questionnaire assessing the maturity 

of certain Technology Service Providers; the FFEIC engaged an outside contractor to develop a cyber-threat 

and vulnerability assessment by September 22, 2014

• Worked with the FFIEC, issued joint alerts notifying financial institutions of cybersecurity attacks, 

vulnerabilities, denial of service attacks and discontinuation of support for Windows XP 

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Continue to assess the ability of the institutions under its supervision to respond to cyber attacks

• With the information from the cybersecurity examination pilot effort initiated in fiscal year 2014, assist 

regulators in assessing how community financial institutions manage cybersecurity and their preparedness 

to mitigate increasing cyber risks; banks participating in the pilot will receive letters that will highlight key 

insights into areas where institutions can strengthen their cybersecurity preparedness

• Publish an updated Information Security handbook which will include a section entitled the IT 

Management and Business Continuity Planning

• With the FFIEC Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Working Group (CCIWG), develop joint 

statements addressing credential breaches and cyber resilience; additionally, the CCIWG is developing a 

Risk Tip addressing Cybersecurity Resilience and a brochure titled Improving Your Cybersecurity and 

Resilience to Defend Against Cyber Attacks to address cyber threats, incident response, and provide 

direction to key cybersecurity resources
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OIG CHALLENGE NO. 2 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Continued Implementation of DoddFrank

• Maintain an effective Financial Stability Oversight Council 

process supported by the Office of Financial Research and 

Federal Insurance Office within Treasury

• Conduct a variety of outreach activities to industry trade groups to raise awareness around cybersecurity 

preparedness 

Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments 

• Held 10 meetings of the FSOC to discuss and analyze emerging market developments and financial 

regulatory issues

• Convened a meeting led by the President of the United States and attended by the leadership of federal 

financial regulators

• Continued work to identify non-bank financial companies for designation for supervision by the Federal 

Reserve and enhanced prudential standards

• Completed annual reevaluations of two non-bank financial companies designated in 2013

• Monitored the eight financial market utilities designated in 2012 for enhanced risk-management 

standards and supervision 

• Published its 2014 annual report to Congress, which addressed the FSOC’s activities, identified potential 

emerging threats to U.S. financial stability, and made recommendations to mitigate such threats

• Continued to implement operational improvements related to the work of the FSOC, including adopting 

bylaws for its Deputies Committee and adopting enhancements to its existing Transparency Policy

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue to consult with the Federal Reserve on developing rules establishing enhanced risk management 

standards for designated financial market utilities

• Continue identification of nonbank financial companies for designation for supervision by the Federal 

Reserve and enhanced prudential standards

• Continue monitoring for potential risks to U.S. financial stability, with a focus on significant financial 

market developments and structural vulnerabilities affecting the financial system

• Continue to implement operational improvements to existing processes and procedures related to the 

work of the FSOC

Office of Financial Research (OFR)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

Monitoring Threats to Financial Stability

• Published a prototype Financial Stability Monitor – a dashboard of improved financial stability metrics 

and indicators – in the 2013 OFR Annual Report

• Regularly produced and updated its Financial Markets Monitor for the FSOC’s Systemic Risk Committee 

and for the FSOC members

• Hosted third OFR/FSOC conference in January 2014 on “Mapping and Monitoring the Financial System: 

Liquidity, Funding, and Plumbing”

• Co-sponsored the Conference on Systemic Risk in Cambridge, Massachusetts with the Consortium for 

Systemic Risk Analytics and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Laboratory for Financial 

Engineering 
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Improving the Quality and Scope of Financial Data

• Organized and held the fourth Regulatory Data Workshop on August 5-6, 2014 with 300 participants from 

the federal sector

• Created data visualization tools for OFR researchers and the FSOC Secretariat

• Expanded data available to researchers by 20 percent

• Developed metadata management tools and enhanced internal data management processes to improve 

onboarding efficiency and effectiveness

• Completed onboarding automation of 88 percent of known data sets 

• Partnered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission to improve the quality and usability of 

data in swap data repositories

• Made major enhancements to the OFR Knowledge Catalog suite of applications, aimed at cataloging, 

tracking, and accessing data in an efficient and effective manner 

Financial Data Standards

• Chaired the Global Legal Entity Identifier (GLEI) Regulatory Oversight Committee which included 

creating a GLEI Foundation in Switzerland and appointing the Board of Directors; currently over 300,000 

identifiers have been issued to organizations in 186 countries

• Participated in and conducted research regarding the standards necessary for the international swap data 

(aka trade repository) markets; included work on the product identification, transaction identification, 

and data harmonization and reporting standards

• Worked with housing agencies on mortgage industry reporting standards and on researching and 

developing the standard for a universal loan identifier (ULI)

• Chaired a working group for the Financial Stability Board (FSB) aggregation feasibility study group 

pertaining to international trade repositories

• Presented speeches on the importance of data standards and data standards’ conferences including GS1 

Global Forum, XBRL, Object Management Group, and Mortgage Industry Standards Maintenance 

Organization

Research on Financial Stability

• Released seven working papers to the public

• Created two new OFR Research Products— the OFR Staff Discussion Paper Series and the OFR Brief 

Series (to maximize the impact of OFR’s research in the public discourse)

• Released three Staff Discussion Papers to the public

• Issued three OFR Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research (EAGER) grants in conjunction with the 

National Science Foundation to promote and support research related to financial stability

Financial Stability Oversight Council Support

• Provided analytical and data-related support to the FSOC and its member agencies to continue analysis 

related to non-bank financial company designations and to support the FSOC’s annual report

• Published the FSOC interagency data collections inventory on the OFR website

• Enhanced FSOC data sharing through implementation of the information categorization framework

Reports

• Issued fiscal year 2013 Annual Report to Congress, containing improved analysis and tools for monitoring 

threats to U.S. financial stability

• Submitted third Annual Report to Congress on Human Capital Planning

Institution Building and Improvement

• Held two Financial Research Advisory Committee (FRAC) meetings

• Increased staff from 180 to approximately 224 by the end of fiscal year 2014
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• Reported on organizational performance measures and published them in the fiscal year 2015 budget 

• Rolled out and made major enhancements to the Analytic Environment and build out of Alternate 

Computing Center

• Reached agreement with the Office of Chief Information Officer/Assistant Secretary of Management with 

respect to non-analytic applications

Speeches and Testimony

• The OFR Director testified before the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Oversight and 

Investigations on “The Annual Report of the Office of Financial Research” on February 5, 2014

• The OFR Director testified before the Senate Banking Subcommittee on Economic Policy on “Monitoring 

Systemic Risk: The Annual Report and Oversight of the Office of Financial Research” on January 29, 

2014

Actions Planned or Underway

Monitoring Threats to Financial Stability

• Develop and publish additional monitoring products to stakeholders

• Automate OFR monitoring products, such as the Financial Markets Monitor

Improving the Quality and Scope of Financial Data

• Develop reference databases

• Develop general purpose data onboarding engine that can automate ingestion of data sets, from a wide 

type of sources and formats, in a much simpler and efficient manner than current techniques

• Work with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Federal Reserve Board to gather data about the 

repurchase (repo) market

• Conduct research into identifier mapping to facilitate the use of data

• Conduct research into avoiding potential overlaps in domestic and international data reporting

Financial Data Standards

• Drive efforts to support the global issuance and acceptance of Legal Entity Identifiers

• Provide leadership and consultation for standards related to swap (trade) repositories including product 

and transaction identification and data harmonization and reporting standards

• Provide technical assistance in improving mortgage data standards and implementing the ULI

Research on Financial Stability

• Publish first OFR Brief

• Publish additional OFR working papers, staff discussion papers, and reports, including a methodology 

paper describing construction of the Financial Stability Monitor

• Issue more EAGER grants

Financial Stability Oversight Council Support

• Provide support for the FSOC for its annual report

• Provide support for the FSOC for its non-bank designation process

• Provide support for the FSOC by collecting and managing data as appropriate

• Provide support for the FSOC’s monitoring of threats by developing and enhanced Financial Stability 

Monitor

Reports

• Issue fiscal year 2014 Annual Report to Congress, containing improved analysis and tools for monitoring 

threats to U.S. financial stability

• Complete the fourth OFR Annual Report to Congress on Human Capital Planning
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Institution Building and Improvement

• Host the next two FRAC meetings in fiscal year 2015

• Continue to build staff toward steady-state level

• Complete the revised OFR Strategic Plan

• Construct new OFR website

• Enhance remote computing capabilities to support a fully functional virtual research community

• Enhance internet access in order to efficiently obtain all the data needed when the OFR needs it

• Implement the systems necessary to further enhance computing effectiveness

Conferences

• Host second joint conference with the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland in December 2014 in 

Washington, D.C.

• Host fourth annual OFR/FSOC Conference in January 2015

Federal Insurance Office (FIO)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Contributed expertise, policy support, and leadership in the FSOC

• Led work at the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) through chairmanship of the 

Technical Committee, participation in the development and application of the IAIS’s methodology to 

identify Global Systemically Important Insurers and in other work streams; leadership on technical and 

substantive work streams that are leading to a Common Framework for the Supervision of Internationally 

Active Insurance Groups (ComFrame); the Basic Capital Requirement; Higher Loss Absorbency 

Requirement; and, Global Insurance Capital Standards

• Issued the Modernization Report required by Dodd-Frank, which makes recommendations in the areas of 

insurance sector solvency and marketplace regulation

• Led U.S. efforts on the first round of ComFrame field testing

• Initiated, participated in, and assumed leadership and technical engagement with the European Union 

(EU) - U.S. Project

• Led federal engagement on insurance issues in both the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue and 

the U.S.-EU Financial Markets Regulatory Dialogue

• Released several reports: “How to Modernize the System of Insurance in the United States” 

(Modernization Report, Dec. 2013), “Annual Report on the Insurance Industry, 2014” (September 2014), 

“2014 Preemption Report” (September 2014), and served as the lead contributor to the report by the 

President’s Working Group on Financial Markets titled “The Long-Term Affordability and Availability of 

Insurance for Terrorism Risk” (April 2014)

• Finalized negotiations on bilateral memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with insurance supervisors in 

China, India, and Brazil

• Enhanced bilateral relationships with U.S. regulatory agencies in matters concerning insurance oversight 

and supervision and provided government-wide, interagency leadership on such issues

• Assisted the Secretary of the Treasury in administering the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program

• Reconstituted and convened the Federal Advisory Committee on Insurance to discuss contemporary 

insurance issues 

• Contributed to the Hurricane Sandy Task Force and help effectuate recommendations offered by the Task 

Force

• Coordinated the U.S. review of the IMF’s Financial Sector Assessment Program

• Hosted, jointly with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the third 

international Terrorism Risk Insurance Conference 
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• Began collecting data and monitoring affordability of automobile insurance, including publishing a notice 

in the Federal Register soliciting comment

• Established dialogue with the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) respecting the covered agreement 

process

Actions Planned or Underway

• Release the Reinsurance Report and the Natural Catastrophe Report

• Continue to build on FIO’s current international leadership role and expand opportunities for FIO’s 

involvement in relevant international supervisory bodies

• Establish processes for implementing recommendations for FIO’s Modernization Report

• Begin negotiations, jointly with USTR, in pursuit of a covered agreement for reinsurance collateral

• Coordinate federal efforts to insurance matters related to new and emerging risks such as extreme 

weather or cyber attacks

• Enter into the aforementioned bilateral MOUs and establish processes and protocols for information 

sharing with respective foreign insurance supervisory authorities

• Build resources and staff capacity

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Approved a final rule to implement the Basel Committee’s liquidity coverage ratio in the U.S. 

• Issued a rule comprehensively revising U.S. capital standards

• Issued the supplementary leverage ratio final rule

• Issued proposed rulemaking to amend the annual stress test rule

• Issued a final rule on heighted expectations for large OCC-supervised institutions

• Adopted the enhanced supplementary leverage ratio final rule

• Adopted the final rule implementing Section 619 of Dodd-Frank known as the Volcker rule

• Reproposed a rule to implement Sections 731 and 764 of Dodd-Frank requiring covered swap entities to 

collect margin for their non-cleared swaps and non-cleared security-based swaps

• Issued a final rule that sets forth a standardized minimum liquidity requirement for large and 

internationally active banking organizations

• Continued participation in FSOC and its various operating committees

• Issued Semi-annual Risk Perspectives Reports highlighting to the industry and other interested parties 

the OCC’s perspectives on issues that pose threats to the safety and soundness of financial institutions

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue to conduct on-site supervisory assessments of national banks and federal savings associations, 

focusing on the quality of corporate governance, risk management practices, adequacy of loan-loss 

reserves, capital, and liquidity

• Continue to perform individual bank examinations on a variety of other activities aimed at identifying and 

responding to systemic trends and emerging risks that could adversely affect asset quality or the 

availability of credit at national banks and federal savings associations and the banking system, and fair 

access to financial services

• Continue to integrate OCC national bank and Office of Thrift Supervision federal savings association rules 

under OCC regulations

• Monitor and assess the effectiveness of national bank and federal savings association mortgage servicers’ 

loan modification and foreclosure actions, including compliance with outstanding enforcement actions 

and agreements

• Complete a final rule on credit risk retention along with other participating agencies
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OIG CHALLENGE NO. 3 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Management of Treasury’s Authorities 

Intended to Support and Improve the 

Economy

• Protect the taxpayer from unnecessary risk 

associated with the implementation and 

administration of programs intended to support and 

improve the economy, including the provisions of 

the:

- Small Business Jobs Act of 2010

- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 

2009

- Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008

- Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

Small Business Lending Fund (SBLF)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• In total, the SBLF invested $4.03 billion in 332 community banks and Community Development Loan 

Funds 

• In the fiscal year 2014, the SBLF program office continued its focus on investment management, 

operations, compliance and controls, and reporting and outreach activities

• Specifically, the SBLF program office focused on the following activities:

o Investment Management: SBLF monitored the SBLF investment portfolio and made 

recommendations to senior Treasury officials on decisions related to investment performance 

and activities

o Operations: SBLF managed the program’s data and information in connection with participant 

reporting, dividend and interest payments, and capital repayments

o Compliance and Controls: SBLF monitored participant conformance with program terms, 

including lending data, certification requirements, and other requirements provided for by the 

SBLF Securities Purchase Agreement; SBLF also developed and executed internal control 

procedures for processes across SBLF program office functions

o Reporting and Outreach: SBLF continued its outreach and reporting efforts; these activities 

included reporting to Congress on the program’s transactions, costs, and the participants’ 

lending growth, correspondence, and publishing the results of the program’s second annual 

lending survey; as of June 30, 2014, SBLF participants have increased small business lending by 

$13.5 billion over a $33 billion baseline

Actions Planned or Underway

• For fiscal year 2015 and forward, the SBLF program office plans to continue its focus on investment 

management, operations, compliance and controls, and reporting and outreach:

o Investment Management: SBLF plans to continue to monitor the SBLF investment portfolio and 

make recommendations to senior Treasury officials on decisions related to investment 

performance and activities and begin preparation for the 2016 rate step up 

o Operations: SBLF plans to continue to manage the program’s data and information in 

connection with participant reporting, dividend and interest payments, and capital repayments

• Complete a final rule on incentive-based compensation arrangements

• Finalize an amended final rule on retail foreign exchange transactions

• Continue to work on an interagency basis to draft a proposal to implement section 616(d) of Dodd-Frank 

to require bank and savings and loan holding companies to serve as a source of strength for their 

subsidiary depository institutions

• Work closely with Treasury and other federal financial regulatory agencies to implement the remaining 

Dodd-Frank Act reforms, and to monitor and respond to emerging risks to the stability of the U.S. 

financial system

• Continue to issue the OCC’s Semi-annual Risk Perspectives Report
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o Compliance and Controls: SBLF plans to continue to execute a compliance program to monitor 

participant conformance with program terms, including lending data, certification requirements, 

and other requirements provided for by the SBLF Securities Purchase Agreement; SBLF also 

plans to continue executing internal control procedures for processes across SBLF program office 

functions

o Reporting and Outreach: SBLF plans to continue its outreach and reporting efforts; these 

activities include reporting to Congress on the program’s transactions, costs, and the 

participants’ lending growth, correspondence, and publishing the results of the program’s third 

annual lending survey

State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Received, tested, and transferred a cumulative $1,146,367,069 to states as they qualified for subsequent 

disbursements on their allocations ($234,585,668 in fiscal year 2014)

• Conducted on-site compliance reviews or training sessions with 9 states

• Evaluated and approved 21 formal modifications to states’ approved SSBCI programs

• Organized one national conference of state SSBCI officials hosted by the OCC 

• Convened a working groups of state SSBCI Officials to discuss strategies for using SSBCI funds to reach 

underserved small business customers

• Published Summary of States’ Quarterly Reports (Quarters ending September 2013, December 2013, 

March 2014, June 2014)

• Published Summary of States’ 2013 Annual Reports

• Published consultants’ study of SSBCI loan programs

• Coordinated responses to eleven audits of states from the Office of Special Inspector General for the 

SBLF, as well as an overall program audit by the Government Accountability Office

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue to receive, test, and process requests for subsequent disbursements

• Continue to evaluate and respond to requests for modifications to approved SSBCI Programs

• Organize a national conference of state officials

• Convene two working groups of state SSBCI officials to discuss and publish best practices

• Continue to publish Quarterly and Annual Reports

• Continue to coordinate responses to audits of states conducted by the OIG

Bond Guarantee Program 

CDFI

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Conducted three outreach sessions to educate the CDFI industry on the CDFI Bond Guarantee Program 

• Closed $525 million in bonds under the CDFI Bond Guarantee Program

• Developed the Portfolio Analysis and Performance Reporting System (PAPRS) to monitor performance of 

all outstanding bond loans for the CDFI Bond Guarantee Program

• Determined final compliance status on 59 of the 69 Recovery Act awardees based on the receipt and 

review of submitted compliance reports

Actions Planned or Underway

• Test PAPRS to verify that the system requirements satisfy the original contractual obligations

• Develop fiscal year 2015 Notice of Guarantee Availability for the CDFI Bond Guarantee Program 

contingent upon fiscal year 2015 Guarantee Authority
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• Implement Annual Assessment Evaluation of Qualified Issuers and Eligible CDFIs for the CDFI Bond 

Guarantee Program

• Perform additional due diligence on 10 of the 69 Recovery Act awardees to resolve reporting errors and 

issues related to Single Audit A-133 Circular Compliance so that final compliance status can be 

determined

• Close out all 69 Recovery Act awards

OCC

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Issued Community Development Investments electronic newsletters to support and improve the economy

• Jointly hosted a National Interagency Community Reinvestment Conference 

• Participated in Community Reinvestment outreach activities in various locations across the country

• Issued a request for comment on reducing regulatory burden through the Economic Growth and 

Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act (EGRPRA) process

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue to participate in Community Reinvestment outreach activities during the year

• Continue to issue Community Development Investments newsletters

• Continue interagency EGRPRA review of regulations

Management of Recovery Act Programs 

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

Office of the Fiscal Assistant Secretary

• Managed the low-income housing and specified energy property programs, including the extension of the 

specified energy property program by one year under Section 707 of the Job Creation Act, by 

supplementing a small core staff in Departmental Offices with support from other Treasury offices

• Continued to review incoming applications for the energy program and make timely awards

• Continued an interagency agreement for the energy program with the Department of Energy to assist with 

the technical aspects of the energy program

• Continued an annual reporting process for the low-income housing program to help ensure projects 

funded under the program remain qualified

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue the compliance monitoring programs related to the low-income housing and specified energy 

property programs

• Continue to coordinate with IRS’s compliance initiative project regarding the energy program

• Continue assessment of staffing needs

Management of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act and the Emergency Economic 

Stabilization Act (HERA and EESA)

Domestic Finance 

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• New Issue Bond Program (NIBP) – Collected and analyzed data to assess changes in risk and verify 

accuracy of receipts, as the portfolio decreased from $9.3 billion to $8.6 billion

• Temporary Credit and Liquidity Program (TCLP) – Assessed risks to Treasury and monitored reductions 

of balances of bonds covered by TCLP from $2.0 billion to $.9 billion

Actions Planned or Underway

• Manage the wind down of the State and local Housing Financing Agencies (HFAs) Initiative
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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OIG CHALLENGE NO. 4 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist 

Financing/Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) 

Enforcement

• Prevent and detect money laundering and terrorist 

financing

• Promote U.S. and international financial systems that 

are safe and transparent 

• Ensure continued cooperation and coordination of all 

organizations involved in anti-money laundering and 

combatting terrorist financial efforts

• Create safeguards over the use of BSA information

• NIBP – Continue to collect data on the performance of the collateral underlying NIBP bonds, and to use 

this data to monitor and manage Treasury’s risks

• TCLP – Continue to monitor performance of two remaining HFAs in implementing approved plans for 

reducing TCLP balances, and 

• to encourage HFAs to achieve faster reductions as market conditions permit

Office of Financial Stability

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Continue to manage the wind-down of the remaining TARP investments in a manner that balances the 

desire to exit as soon as practicable with maximizing returns for the taxpayers:

o Cumulatively collected 99.3 percent of the $425.9 billion in program funds disbursed under TARP 

(103.4 percent when non-TARP AIG shares are included)

o Continue to wind down our remaining Capital Purchase Program (CPP) investments through 

repurchases by banks, asset sales, and restructurings

o Made extensive progress in the wind down of the Automotive Industry Financing Program (AIFP) 

with the sale of all remaining common stock in General Motors and the monetization of OFS’s Ally 

Financial common stock investment through a private offering, participation in Ally’s initial public 

offering, and pre-arranged written trading plans

• EESA Housing Programs – Continue to implement the housing programs funded under the TARP, which 

have helped 1.4 million people avoid foreclosure and indirectly helped millions more by setting new 

standards throughout the mortgage servicing industry

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue to wind down our remaining CPP investments through repurchases by banks, asset sales, and 

restructurings

• Continue to sell Ally Financial stock through pre-arranged written trading plans and underwritten 

offerings, subject to market conditions

• Continue to manage EESA housing programs to assist in preventing avoidable foreclosures

FinCEN

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Completed development of the $120 million, multi-year BSA Information Technology Modernization 

Program and transitioned to an operations and maintenance environment

• Used new advanced analytics capabilities to apply business rules to BSA data and prepare timely, highvalue reports for law enforcement and intelligence communities on topics

• Used new advanced analytics capabilities to apply predictive models to BSA data and identify high-value 

targets suspected of laundering proceeds of health care fraud, tax fraud by identity theft, and securities 

fraud

• Issued advisories to U.S. financial institutions to assist them in reporting suspicious activity related to the 

evasion of Iran sanctions, Ukrainian asset recovery, human trafficking, and drug trafficking
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 • Coordinated the application of multiple FinCEN tools and authorities to bring a concentrated, 

multidisciplinary approach to disrupting the financing of Mexican drug cartels, resulting in significant 

investigative gains and international recognition

• Used the BSA Advisory Group to pilot new initiatives to share information by and between industry and 

government, provide government feedback to industry, and discuss the most sensitive and difficult problems 

facing organizations involved in anti-money laundering and combatting the financing of terrorism

• Served as a leader on the topic of virtual currency from both a regulatory and investigative perspective, 

providing training and guidance to regulatory and investigative partners domestically and abroad, as well as 

engaging in outreach to the nascent Bitcoin industry

• Executed a multi-pronged regulatory and outreach initiative to increase the transparency of cash moved via 

armored car services and cash couriers

• Executed an enforcement and outreach initiative to increase compliance by casinos with the BSA and 

improve reporting on source of funds

• Issued 11 administrative rulings that expanded upon guidance to clarify applicability of BSA to various 

financial institutions

• Issued marijuana banking guidance providing law enforcement information they need, and clarity to 

financial institutions providing banking services

• Initiated ground-breaking use of authorities to permanently bar egregious anti-money laundering (AML) 

offenders from working within a financial institution

• Issued six civil money penalties against financial institutions and/or owners for willful violations of the BSA, 

while instituting new efforts to hold individuals accountable and require institutions to admit wrongdoing

• Issued one action under Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act against a foreign financial institution of 

primary money laundering concern that sought to attract illicit finance business

 

• Implemented the first year of mandatory electronic filing of the Report of Foreign Bank and Financial 

Accounts, increasing electronic filing from 5 percent to 95 percent in one year, while simplifying the process 

for filers and making data available to law enforcement more quickly

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue cooperative efforts with Federal and State regulatory agencies to exchange compliance information 

and leverage examination resources

• Finalize existing rulemaking proposals and develop new regulations, as warranted, to address money 

laundering risks or gaps in the regulatory framework, including as it relates to the customer due diligence

• Continue to issue guidance and actionable advisories to financial institutions, regulators, and law 

enforcement on compliance and emerging money laundering trends and risks

• Publish advanced analytic products identifying illicit finance networks/schemes, and failed institutions or 

jurisdictions involved in illicit financial activities 

• Continue to exercise enforcement authorities where appropriate to ensure compliance with the BSA and 

combat money laundering in all sectors of the financial services industry

OCC

Fiscal Year 2014 Accomplishments

• Issued a $350 million civil money penalty against JPMorgan Chase, N.A.; JPMorgan Bank and Trust 

Company, N.A.; and Chase Bank USA, N.A., for BSA violations; the penalty followed a January 2013 cease 

and desist order in which the OCC directed the three affiliated banks to correct deficiencies in their 

compliance programs; the penalty was based in part on JPMorgan Chase’s failure to report suspicions about 

Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities, LLC, to U.S. law enforcement and regulators; and the banks also 

failed to detect and report other cases of suspicious activity 
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OIG CHALLENGE NO. 5 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Efforts to Promote Spending Transparency 

and to Prevent and Detect Improper Payments

• Spending Transparency

• Detect Improper Payments

• Issued OCC Supervisory Memorandum 2014-4 providing supplemental guidance to examiners on the 

Interagency Statement on Enforcement of Banks Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering Requirements on 

how examiners can identify, evaluate, and if appropriate, cite violations of the components (pillars) of the 

BSA Compliance Program Rule

Actions Planned or Underway

• Continue examination, enforcement activities, and cooperative efforts with FinCEN and other federal 

banking agencies

• Update the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s BSA/AML Handbook

• Continue to monitor risk levels within banks that may be increasing because of bank portfolio de-risking 

• Host a knowledge sharing call in the fourth quarter of 2014 with OCC examiners to provide additional 

guidance and insight on how to evaluate whether a BSA/AML “pillar” and/or “program” violation has 

occurred

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Assumed program responsibility over USAspending.gov and began transitioning program management 

functions from the General Services Administration 

• Began work to improve the usability of USAspending.gov by leveraging the Recovery.gov platform, 

including improving the presentation layer and search functionality

• Developed federal financial management data transparency vision and strategy

• Established Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (DATA Act) governance and 

implementation structure, in collaboration with the OMB

• Developed data transparency stakeholder outreach strategy and plan

• Successfully piloted prototype to map U.S. Standard General Ledger to an industry exchange standard, and 

began pilot to further test this concept with three federal agencies

• Conducted visualization pilot to model future data publication of information required by the DATA Act 

• Published Federal Register Notice for public input on the establishment of financial data standards

• Conducted stakeholder outreach, including the Data Transparency Town Hall

• Informed agencies of the delinquent debt referral requirement and received feedback from agencies on 

their ability to report on delinquent debts over 120 days

• Began work with Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board to understand synergies, capability 

gaps, and needs in planning for possible data analysis expansion

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Launch improved USAspending.gov website and financial assistance Award Submission Portal 

• Develop and issue government-wide financial data standards (data element definitions and data exchange 

standards), in collaboration with OMB 

• Develop blueprint to link financial and management (i.e., grants and procurement) data 

• Develop a transition plan for the Recovery Operations Center (ROC) transfer

• Develop data exchange standards to access data and standard reporting taxonomy 

• Develop data visualization model for future data publication on USAspending.gov (or successor system)

• Assess platform options for accessing and collecting data required by the DATA Act

• Complete assessment and transition plan of ROC asset transfer
182

Domestic Finance

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments 

• Published the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities and Revived Economies of the 

Gulf Coast States Act (RESTORE Act) Interim Final Rule on August 15, 2014, to be effective October 14, 2014

• Established the Office of Gulf Coast Restoration and increased its staff to four full-time and two detailed 

employees to administer the program and coordinate activities with Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration 

Council and Council members 

• Entered into an interagency agreement with the Fiscal Service in July 2014 to utilize the Department of 

Health and Human Services’ Grantsolutions.Gov grants application, review, and management system

• Released Direct Component and Centers of Excellence guidance and application forms on August 15, 2014

• Posted Funding Opportunity Announcements on Grants.gov for Gulf Coast states, Florida counties, and 

Louisiana parishes to apply for Direct Component and Centers of Excellence Research grants on September 

15, 2014 

• Enrolled applicants in Grantsolutions.Gov

• Engaged contractor to assist in establishing compliance oversight functions

Published notice of proposed rulemaking for Louisiana parish formula allocations on July 31, with a 30-day 

comment period; plan to publish an interim final rule with the same October 14, 2014 effective date as the 

RESTORE Act interim final rule 

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Complete Gulf Coast region on-site programmatic training in fiscal year 2015 first quarter

• Complete program recipient risk assessments in fiscal year 2015 first quarter 

• Begin to receive grant applications in fiscal year 2015 first quarter, followed by timely issuance of grant 

awards 

• Execute interagency agreements or procurement in fiscal year 2015 second quarter to engage subject matter 

experts, on an as-needed basis, to assist in grant application reviews 

• Establish a RESTORE Act transparency reporting architecture in fiscal year 2015 second quarter

• Complete program office staff hiring in fiscal year 2015 second quarter

OIG CHALLENGE NO. 6 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Gulf Coast Restoration Trust Fund 

Administration

• Monitor regulations and associated policies and 

procedures that need to be established

• Coordinate with many entities/councils that are 

to receive and further allocate funding, and need 

to establish policies and procedures

• Use Treasury’s existing resources to administer its 

responsibilities for the Trust Fund
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Matters of Concern No. 1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Currency and Coin Production • Oversee issues related to the Bureau of Engraving 

and Printing’s (BEP) redesign of NexGen $100 note 

while engaging in sound and comprehensive 

project management 

• Oversee the U.S. Mint’s costs associated of 

producing penny, nickel coins, and the suspended 

production of the dollar coins

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

Coin Production

• The costs to produce the penny and nickel have exceeded their face value since fiscal year 2006. In fiscal 

year 2014, the cost of the penny and nickel were 1.66 cents and 8.09 cents, respectively, which is down 

from fiscal year 2013; this is largely due to significant increases in shipment volumes as well as lower costs 

of metal; the Mint also increased productivity, reduced overhead costs despite a 21.9 percent increase in 

total circulating coinage shipments; and the cost of metal for pennies decreased by 3.1 percent, while the 

cost of metal for nickels decreased by 13.7 percent during fiscal year 2014

• As part of its alternative metals study, the Mint conducted extensive research related to stakeholders’ 

perceptions to develop a more in-depth outreach effort to understand how circulating coin produced with 

alternative metal compositions may affect commerce; the process included, but was not limited to, face-toface meetings with industry groups, conference calls, webinars, conference presentations, electronic 

outreach utilizing e-newsletters and e-magazines; the Mint also conducted an industry-wide stakeholder 

outreach meeting at its headquarters in the spring of 2014; and these outreach efforts have enabled the 

Mint to foster communication and create and sustain a continuous feedback loop between industry 

stakeholders and the Mint

• Senior-level Mint officials have been invited to participate and speak at a number of national association 

meetings and to also conduct webinars to industries dependent on circulating coin for their business 

operations; as these associations include the International Parking Institute, American Public Transit 

Association, National Automatic Merchandising Association, Amusement and Machine Operators 

Association, American Amusement Machine Association and the American Banking Association 

• Following the heightened outreach program, the Mint published a Federal Register Notice (FRN) for 

comment by industry stakeholders; the FRN noticed generated 962 comments, of which 99 percent 

received were directly responsive to the request for comment

• Since the last biennial report in December 2012, the Mint has conducted extensive testing of six different 

metal compositions, as well as initial testing of materials that show potential to duplicate the existing 

weights and electro-magnetic signature of current U.S. coinage

Currency Production

• The NexGen $100 note was successfully issued on October 8, 2013; in December 2013, the Federal Reserve 

Board indicated that the order for NexGen $100’s was going to be reduced based on lower forecasted 

demand for the NexGen $100; thus, BEP went down to one production line and completed the overprinting 

of NexGen $100 on September 4, 2014; the rest of the yearly currency order for 2014 was realigned 

through pro-active collaboration between the plants, quality, and the new Technology Directorate to ensure 

the yearly order requirements were met; the bureau will complete a production validation for each 

production line utilized for NexGen $100 in fiscal year 2015 

• The increasing complexity of U.S. currency note design demands the highest degree of cutting edge 

research and development, state-of-the-art production technology, and best-in-class quality and process 

control; the production challenges associated with the NexGen $100 note highlighted the need for a 

fundamental re-engineering of process control and quality assurance at BEP; and the BEP continues to 

implement a Currency Quality Assurance Program which is intended to be a strategic re-alignment that 

will position BEP for more efficient currency production and provide long-term cost reductions related to 

spoilage and reduced currency redesign cycle time

• Increased focus on BEP’s project management and oversight, including standardized templates and 

procedures, formalized project manager training (internal and external), certification to Federal 

Acquisition Institute requirements, and increased project management transparency

• Executing a rigorous qualification test of substrate manufacturing and BEP manufacturing to support the 

start of series 2013 NexGen $100; the Interagency Currency Design (ICD) committee reviews and approves 

all plans and steps leading up to the start of the production of the new series
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Matters of Concern No. 2 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Documenting Key Activities and Decisions Promote an effective records management program to 

ensure Treasury management personnel remain aware 

and vigilant

Actions Planned or Underway

Coin Production

• Deliver the Mint’s next biennial report to Congress on alternative coinage materials in December 2014

• Continue the Mint’s R&D testing for a specific alloy before confirming the use of the material as a potential 

option for circulating coins (excluding the penny)

• Engage industry stakeholders in discussions regarding the Mint’s R&D efforts as well as further discussions 

to understand the timeframes required for the industry to accommodate alternative metal coins with 

seamless and co-circulate characteristics and to understand current and future business trends affecting 

the use of coins

Currency Production

• BEP will hire a Chief of Quality which will further emphasize an organizational alignment to the Currency 

Quality Assurance initiative 

• Increase focus on data-driven product management for each of BEP’s currency denominations; as product 

dashboards are now a regular part of management review for senior management and the ICD

• Make enhancements to BEP’s Technology Development Process and the Banknote Development Process as 

BEP gains more experience with these processes and adapt them to the design and development of U.S.

Management

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• In coordination with the Fiscal Service, the Treasury Office of Privacy, Transparency, and Records (PTR) 

published a new system of records notice and a revised privacy impact assessment for Do Not Pay; both can 

be found at found at www.donotpay.treas.gov

• Continued support for Treasury program offices in configuring and utilizing the Enterprise Content 

Management Records Center program, to ensure consistent and efficient management of unstructured 

electronic records

• Reviewed and overhauled the Department’s Orders and Directives Process—the primary method by which 

Treasury-wide policy is codified; as a result of process improvements and proactive engagement, more than 

50 Treasury Orders and Directives were reaffirmed, updated, or cancelled during fiscal year 2014

• Implemented proactive accessible records and digitization strategy, to prioritize digitization of high-value 

and high-demand records, reduce paper records stores in accordance with National Archives and Records 

Administration (NARA) guidance, and ensure digitized record stores are properly maintained 

• Continued to update the Department’s policy for records management, in conformance with new guidance 

from NARA, to address the retention and disposition of electronic media (email) and use and retention of 

social media communications and web 2.0 technologies 

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Revise Treasury Directive 25-06, “The Data Integrity Board,” to comply with new requirements included in 

OMB Memorandum 13-20, “Protecting Privacy while Reducing Improper Payments with the Do Not Pay 

Initiative”

• Expansion of proactive accessible records and digitization strategy to include user training in electronic 

document management best practices
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• Development of a maturity model for evaluating records management practices of Treasury offices and 

bureaus

• Issuance of Treasury-wide guidance for implementing the NARA’s Capstone approach to email 

management, and implementing user training on email management best practices for all Departmental 

Offices employees

• Continue the review of Treasury Orders and Directives that have not been reviewed or updated in the last 

five years
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RESPONSE TO TIGTA

TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 1 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Security for Taxpayer Data and Employees Promote measures for appropriate physical security and 

protection of financial, personal, and other information

TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 2 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Implementing the Affordable Care Act and 

Other Tax Law Changes 

Effectively implement new tax provisions, including taxrelated health care provisions of the Patient Protection and 

Affordable Care Act (ACA), and the American Recovery and 

Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Issued a memorandum to all business functions emphasizing the new Internal Revenue Manual 1.4.30, 

Monitoring Internal Control Planned Corrective Actions, which strengthens existing policies and 

procedures on internal controls, to ensure that all adhere to the requirements governing the internal 

control process for the Department’s Audit Follow-up System (JAMES) 

• Closed four enterprise-wide IT security vulnerabilities related to auditing, penetration testing, security of 

shared services, and procurements of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products 

• Completed all of the Computer Security Plan corrective actions resulting in the closure of the plan and 

significant improvements to IRS’s IT security posture

• Developed a detailed corrective action plan to address 23 specific actions to address newly identified 

control weaknesses over key financial and tax processing systems 

• Worked with the appropriate business units and the Department to reopen seven previously closed 

corrective actions to establish new corrective actions that fulfill the original audit recommendations; the 

new corrective actions will remain open until fully implemented 

• Added the two-dimensional (2D) barcode to four installment agreement notices affecting an estimated 33 

million notices annually; the 2D barcode provides IRS with information needed to process the notice and 

mask the full display of the Social Security Number (SSN) in the body of the notice by exposing only the last 

four digits of the SSN 

• Embedded the taxpayer SSN and other processing data in the 2D barcode on installment payment notices

• Initiated appropriate outreach to ensure that frontline employees are aware of current Potentially 

Dangerous Taxpayer (PDT) and Caution Upon Contact (CAU) designation processes as well as any changes 

that are made to the process in the future 

Actions Planned or Underway

• Establish clear policies and procedures to assure service contracts have the appropriate security provisions 

included in the related solicitation and contract, and that associated contractor personnel have appropriate 

interim access approval or final background investigation prior to beginning work on the contract 

• Continue to mask SSNs on notices by adding the 2D barcode to 35 individual non-payment notices and 23 

Automated Collection System notices

• Enhance authentication to use the Individual/Information Returns Transaction File (IRTF) and the 

Masterfile address of record to enable mailing of out opt-in notices

• Develop a proposal to give IRS the authority to require truncated SSNs on Forms W-2, Wage and Tax 

Statement

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Placed the following Individual Shared Responsibility Payment (ISRP) (IRC 5000A) materials on IRS.gov:

o ISRP and ISRP Questions & Answers (Q&As) page

o Electronic publications

o Health care tax tips

o Videos
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 3 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Tax Compliance Initiatives Improve compliance and fairness in the application of the 

tax laws

• Developed 157 Marketplace and 330 non-Marketplace products including: Web content in both English and 

Spanish on IRS.gov, Q&As, presentations, Talking Points, eNews items, articles, health care tax tips, 

electronic flyers and brochures, and training materials

• Conducted over 180 outreach events, reaching over 70,000 participants from over 100 organizations 

• Created a series of releases to organize IT work needed to deliver ACA Services and placed ACA Release 3.0 

into production, which delivered capabilities to support Health Insurance Marketplaces

• Successfully responded, via the federal data services hub, to tens of millions of requests from Marketplaces 

for federal tax information, including income and family size of applicants, and requests to calculate the 

maximum advance premium tax credit payment. A report issued by TIGTA in July 2014 noted that IRS 

provided accurate responses to income and family size verification 99.97% of the time and calculation 

requests 100% of the time.

• Responded to requests to calculate the Advance Premium Tax Credit to verify income and family size

• Coordinated IT business requirements to support 2015 IRS implementation of exchange provision

• Delivered six employee training modules and provided “ACA acronym awareness” training to customerfacing managers and employees

• Implemented programming modifications so that variables in the Coverage Data Repository are consistent 

with those in the Individual Master File

• Collaborated with federal partners and the National Taxpayer Advocate on more than a dozen 

implementation communications products

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Create additional Individual Shared Responsibility Payment materials: IRS.gov updates; additional Health 

Care tax tips; tax forms and instructions; customer service assistance and account services

• Consider alternative strategies for identifying noncompliant medical device manufacturers; IRS may issue 

notices to potential non-filers if there appears to be a benefit to future tax administration 

• Require agencies to submit an initial independent security assessment and signed system security 

authorization 

• Complete Brand Prescription Drug revisions of Form 8947 and its instructions for clarity to reduce taxpayer 

burden

• While it is the responsibility of the marketplaces to determine the amount of advance payments of the 

Premium Tax Credit, as well as to verify related documentation, the IRS will implement compliance checks 

before, during, and after processing of Premium Tax Credits that are claimed on individuals’ tax returns

• Collaborate with other government agencies to develop and deliver shared messages, customer assistance 

tools, and training materials on tax and non-tax provisions for individuals and employers

• Communicate impacts of the Marketplace Provisions for individuals, employers, and insurers, in an effort to 

ensure compliance when filing 2014 tax returns

• Expand outreach resources to provide education and assistance in advance of the 2015 Filing Season 

• Gear-up for the 2015 filing season by preparing IT systems to integrate the administration and reconciliation 

of the Premium Tax Credit into the individual tax filing process

Businesses and Individuals

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Provided Virtual Small Business Tax Workshops (VSBTW) to organizations that represent small business 

owners for use in direct and leveraged outreach that explained key tax elements in starting and maintaining a 

compliant small business 

• Established partnerships with over 150 new small business industry organizations to increase business owner 

compliance and to encourage owners to educate employees to bring them into compliance 
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• Completed translation of the VSBTW into Spanish and Chinese to broaden outreach to emerging customer

• Developed a preparer strategy to identify preparers that file egregious ITIN returns including preparer Client 

Analysis Referrals based on an evaluation of prior client examinations

• Added new screening criteria when it was discovered that ITIN filers were filing amended returns to increase 

dependents and claiming additional Child Tax Credits

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Explore the development of performance measures for the Delinquent Return Refund Hold Program, with 

implementation dependent on the availability of resources and the usefulness of the measures as a predictive 

tool in determining the effectiveness of the program 

• Expand efforts to reach emerging small business segments, stressing the use of technology and partnerships 

at the national and local level to reach stakeholders 

• Develop a preparer compliance strategy to enhance compliance activity by using historical data to determine 

the best approach in dealing with ITIN preparers who appear to file non-compliant tax returns

• Develop a proposal to extend paid preparer Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) due diligence requirements to 

the Child Tax Credit 

Tax-Exempt Entities

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Initiated the Unrelated Business Income (UBI) compliance project, examined a statistical sample of 100 

exempt organizations; closed 54 examinations, which included 163 returns, and identified and analyzed the 

results for trends

• The IRS and the Department of the Treasury released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to clarify 

the rules governing social welfare organizations, consistent with TIGTA recommendations

• Collaborated with the National Taxpayer Advocate (NTA) to develop, publish, and post new guidance for 

stakeholders and customers;

o Developed new guidance on foster care payments, which now excludes qualified foster care 

payments from the gross income of a foster care provider

o Published Revenue Procedure (Rev. Proc.) 2014-11, which outlines procedures for taxpayers 

seeking reinstatement after automatic revocation for failure to file required annual returns or 

notices for three consecutive years 

o Posted Notice 2014-7 to the IRS website to notify customers that qualified Medicaid waiver 

payments to care providers who are related or unrelated to the eligible individual are excludable 

from gross income 

• Completed two pilots to reduce delays the determination application case process by applying the Lean Six 

Sigma (LSS) methodology resulting in implementing streamlined processing on exempt organization 

determination cases

• Development of Form 1023-EZ, Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 

501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which reduces the burden on smaller organizations by making the 

application process quicker and easier and helps reduce processing delays for all applications

• Updated IRS.gov and an educational site, StayExempt.IRS.gov, to include newly issued Form 1023-EZ, 

Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue 

Code; the new application and an announcement about the release were issued to stakeholders

• Initiated a review of the employee plans determination letter process using the LSS method to identify 

inefficiencies in case processing as well as other needed improvements to the overall program to alleviate the 

current backlog and reduce processing times

• Completed risk assessments, stakeholder analyses, and other LSS project tools to evaluate and prioritize 

improvement opportunities for the determination letter process for employee retirement plans; the result 

was the development and implementation of a pilot to reduce bottlenecks and improve processing 

efficiencies to reduce case processing time

• Developed a training course, Identification of Possible Political Campaign Intervention Activity, including 

official training materials and breakout interactions among participants

• Reduced the inventory of section 501(c)(4) applications, including the group of 145 cases in the "priority
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 4 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Fraudulent Claims and Improper Payments Effective use of taxpayer funds

backlog," of which 134 cases, or 92 percent, have been closed; of those closed, 102 cases were approved and 

43 organizations took advantage of the optional, expedited processing 

• Completed 92 percent of the 330 examinations of retirement plans detected through an advanced data mining 

application which compared past audit analytics to current return information in the Risk Modeling II project

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Complete the remaining action plan items to address gaps in the Exempt Organizations (EO) Examination 

program by documenting processes related to the development of EO examinations’ project cases, work plan, 

and the identification and process of working emerging issues

• Analyze examination results in the Risk Modeling II project of Employee Plans to determine the effectiveness 

of the selection methodology once examinations are complete

• Initiate a pre- and post-determination compliance process that will select a statistically valid sample of Form 

1023-EZ filings for review to mitigate potential compliance risks created by the new form

• Implement recommendations developed through a LSS review of Employee Plans Determinations processing

• Initiate a LSS review of the process for calculating and administering the Direct Pay Bonds (DPB) payment 

program

• Implement a knowledge management strategy to further employee development through sharing and 

transferring skills, to enhance collaboration, and to ensure correct and consistent positions are in use

• Implement a data and information strategy resulting from recommendations received from the TE/GE data 

strategy team to improve risk identification, program management, resource allocation, and service delivery

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Developed and submitted legislative proposals for supplemental authority that would provide for correctable 

error authority, similar to math error authority, in situations when information provided by taxpayers does 

not match the information contained in government database; the IRS also requested acceleration of the filing 

dates of information returns to make the information available to the IRS earlier 

• Issued approximately 1.2 million Identity Protection Personal Identification Numbers (IP PINs) to taxpayers 

with identity theft markers on their accounts

• Launched an online application process so that taxpayers who were victimized by identity theft can retrieve 

their lost or misplaced IP PIN 

• Created an IP PIN e-Authentication service for taxpayers from high-risk areas identity theft areas to use an 

Electronic Filing PIN (EFP) as an option to request an IP PIN 

• Analyzed the 2013 Automated Questionable Credit (AQC) case results which showed that cases with multiple 

issues were being pulled into the filtered case selection; these types of cases are accounts where the refundable 

and non-refundable portions of the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) are in question; multiple issue 

cases change the tax, the non-refundable credit, the refundable portion of the credit and other refundable and 

non-refundable credits, such as Child Tax Credit and Additional Child Tax Credit 

o Updated the AOTC non-compliant filters to include cases where only the refundable portion of the 

credit is in question

o Implemented a process to run all AOTC non-compliant filter selections against current year 

Information Return Processing data to identify Forms 1098T, Tuition Statement, which had been filed 

by accredited higher education institutions, which resulted in returns with valid AOTC credits refunds 

being released without delay 

o Revised the referral process for fraud returns without a refundable credit claimed 

• Built upon a successful fiscal year 2013 EITC Return Preparer Strategy in its fiscal year 2014 strategy to 

address paid preparers’ due diligence in preparing EITC returns; for fiscal year 2014, new treatments tested to 

determine optimal effectiveness included expanded phone calls, updated and expanded letters addressing 

specific areas of EITC noncompliance, and compliance emails
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 5 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Achieving Program Efficiencies and Cost 

Savings

Use resources to focus on producing the best value for 

stakeholders

• Sent several thousand letters (Warning to EITC Return Preparers – Missing Form 8867) and e-file alerts to 

preparers who submitted one or more tax year 2013 returns claiming EITC without the required Form 8867 

attached

• Implemented a pilot process to reduce labor intensive research and created coding requirements for false 

information documents:

o Mailed letters to the home address of the individuals listed as business owners of suspected fabricated 

entities

o Communicated new requirements and established an internal Entity Fabrication SharePoint Site to 

facilitate information sharing

• Utilized a variety of research tools and processes to analyze and mark Employer Identification Numbers 

(EINs) selected by filters, such as:

o Used markers to update the Electronic Fraud Detection System and protect refunds on returns using 

false information documents

o Marked information documents submitted by Fabricated Entities as fraudulent and fabricated EINs 

that were sent to Verification were marked as false to stop refunds 

• Completed Phase 1 of the Entity Fabrication Pilot 

• Analyzed Master File data and developed filters for detection of employers that have a high likelihood of 

being a fabricated entity; entity fabrication occurs when Employee Identification Numbers are acquired for 

the purpose of submitting falsified W-2s to the Social Security Administration and filing fraudulent tax 

returns with the intent of receiving unwarranted refunds

Actions Planned or Underway

• Develop a long-term strategy to expand e-Authentication to reduce identity theft and refund fraud Increase 

the success rate of IP PIN requests and replacements by reducing address mismatch 

• Revise IRS notice CP01A, We’ve Assigned You an Identity Protection Personal Identification Number, to 

explain the effect IP PINS have on recipient tax return processing, and will include information relating to the 

use of IP PINS for dependents, secondary filers, and taxpayers without a filing requirement 

• Conduct further analysis to evaluate persistence over time in preparer due diligence improvement from 

various treatments in its EITC Preparer Strategy that addresses paid preparer’s influence on EITC improper 

payments

• Develop operational metrics for Premium Tax Credits for Filing Season 2015; these metrics will help assess 

risk level and allow us to complete the risk scoring model for the credit as required by the Improper Payments 

Elimination and Recovery Act (IPERA)

• Develop a method for sharing falsified information documents with the Social Security Administration

• Develop a proposal to add the tax-related offenses in Title 18 and the criminal tax offenses in Title 26 to the 

list of predicate offenses contained in the Aggravated Identity Theft Statute 

• Develop a proposal to add a civil penalty to the Internal Revenue Code to be imposed in tax identity theft 

cases on the individual who filed the fraudulent return 

• Develop proposal to expand IRS access to information in the National Directory of New Hires for tax

administration purposes

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Implemented procedures to improve tracking and reconciliation of Form NA-13001, Notice of Eligibility for 

Disposal, issued to the Area Records Managers (ARMs) for records with upcoming disposal dates 

• Collaborated with all enforcement divisions to identify and update some of the cost-based performance 

measures for enforcement activities, such as the marginal cost per enforcement program and cost per fulltime equivalent (FTE) for correspondence and field examination

• Completed the development of the cost of collection processes by activity and developed baseline measures
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 6 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Modernization Improve taxpayer service and efficiency of operations

• Provided the average (cost by series, grade and year) of employees handling cases in the examination and 

appeals stages for the marginal revenue/cost model

Provided the average cost of collection activities (notice, ACS, field Collection, etc.), that was applied to any 

audit that went through one of those activities

• Provided IRS-wide access to cost/benefit analyses by publishing cost-based performance measures reports 

on the CFO IRWeb

• Established and provided the structure and foundational elements necessary for an effective Enterprise Risk 

Management (ERM) program

• Completed a review of more than 355 examination programs and compliance initiative projects and found 

that the IRS maintains sound internal controls throughout its examination programs; the risk of partiality in 

the programs was very low based on the documentary evidence of business rules, procedures, criteria, and 

internal controls reviewed

• Used new software capabilities to research missing prisoner information to ensure the accuracy of prisoner 

social security number (SSN) records for the 2014 prisoner file; the result was identifying approximately 

25,000 missing SSNs

• Formed a team to develop a service-wide strategy for increasing the volume of electronic returns filed by 

business taxpayers 

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Ensure established procedures, or approved alternative procedures, are followed when certifying invoiced 

record storage charges for payment 

• Develop an enterprise-wide repeatable method to manage and track the deployment of licenses that can be 

uniformly used by all organizational entities responsible for managing licenses 

• Expand availability and use of decision-making information, including information on at least one new area, 

in particular Return on Investment (ROI) data, to ensure IRS is spending its resources where it will get the 

maximum return

• Expand the use of timekeeping data in cost analysis and oversee cost accounting and performance metrics for 

all IRS programs 

• Complete the revenue/cost model for the non-filer and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) programs 

• Provide additional training and communications for continued deployment of the Enterprise Risk 

Management program and support integration of risk management practices into day-to-day operational 

activities 

• Enhance and roll out the Return Review Program (RRP) system to facilitate faster and more accurate data 

exchanges with our state and federal prison partners and internal users

• Develop a Technology Road Map to use the Social Security Administration’s Prisoner Update Processing 

System Data to improve IRS prisoner data

• Developing a communications outreach plan to promote e-filing for business returns during the 2015 Filing 

Season

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Integrated testing of the Customer Account Data Engine 2 (CADE2) Database Implementation into the 

Annual Filing Season test, successfully integrating CADE2 into filing season operations

• Distributed data to 16 systems from the CADE2 database, which allowed more than 50,000 IRS customer 

service representatives and business users to view taxpayer account data on the new CADE2 database 

• Completed all close out activities for CADE2 Transition State 1.5 and officially closed action after it 

demonstrated sustainable system performance, data assurance maturity, and operational and organizational 

readiness
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 7 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Providing Quality Taxpayer Service Operations Improve taxpayer service

• Updated the CADE2 data validation plan to reflect the frequency and process of manually validating data not 

fed to downstream systems 

• Released several new digital applications to improve taxpayers’ interaction with the IRS, including IRS 

Direct Pay, which provides taxpayers with an online option for making tax payments, and Get Transcript, a 

secure online system that allows taxpayers to view and print a record of their IRS account

• Completed the implementation of CADE2 Transition State 2, which provided taxpayers the benefit of 

calculated penalty and interest on individual and business accounts for taxes that were not received by the 

due date Enhanced the Affordable Care Act e-Authentication capabilities to provide multiple levels of 

assurance and flexibility for the non-tax filing requirement and Spanish-speaking population

• Provided standards for a benchmarking data center performance and purchased and installed equipment at 

the Martinsburg and Memphis Computing Centers

• Developed a timeline to support the Detroit Computing Center’s infrastructure and equipment relocation 

plan

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Re-write core tax processing applications using modern programming languages and tools to better 

accommodate changes in tax laws and more fully populate the new database so that downstream 

applications can access data on the CADE2 database and it becomes the authoritative data source for all 

individual taxpayers’ accounts

• Incorporate ACA requirements into the e-Authentication Release 3 

• Provide the capability to handle business entities for e-authorization 

• Continue to implement benchmarking performance standards within the Martinsburg and Memphis 

Computing Centers

• Complete migration of systems out of the Detroit Computing Center and implement a data backup 

infrastructure at the gaining sites to ensure capacity is allocated for the Detroit systems

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Implemented several initiatives for the 2014 filing season that leveraged automated self-service applications 

available to taxpayers through IRS.gov; these applications gave taxpayers the ability to use online options 

for needs such as obtaining transcripts, determining the status of their refunds, and researching tax 

questions 

• Implemented Virtual Service Delivery (VSD) technology as a permanent part of campus operations

• Leveraged partners to provide taxpayers expanded access via alternative filing methods

• Expanded the number of VSD sites from 34 locations in fiscal year 2013 to 39 locations in fiscal year 2014 by 

repurposing five support sites to taxpayer facing sites which reduced the number of Taxpayer Assistance 

Centers (TACs) providing assistor support from 38 TACs in 2013 to 33 TACs in 2014

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Conduct outreach efforts to market the availability of Virtual Service Delivery technology in the nine 

taxpayer-facing locations and the benefits of its use by taxpayers and/or representatives

• Leverage partner resources to prepare Amended and Prior Year returns by using Virtual VITA for directing 

taxpayers to sites offering year round tax return preparation 

• Analyze options to expand VSD to taxpayer-facing and support site locations
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 8 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Globalization Increase the outreach efforts to foreign governments on 

cross-border transactions

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Conducted a feasibility study on embedding IRS investigative analysts at the Department’s Office of Terrorist 

Financing and Financial Crimes (TFFC) and determined to assign IRS Tax Law Specialists to another U.S. 

Government working group dedicated to identifying terrorist financing 

• Presented a counterterrorism program and current IRS initiatives to the Department’s Working Group on 

Terrorist Financing (TFWG)

• Collaborated with the Department’s working group on Terrorist Financing (TFWG), and the Canada Revenue 

Agency to discuss Canada’s process for detecting, examining, sanctioning and/or revoking the tax exempt 

status of Canadian non-profit organizations suspected of illicit terrorist financing 

• Enhanced the case management system by creating and implementing special purpose codes to facilitate the 

identification of new and existing investigations that meet the definition of third-party money launderers 

• Deployed the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Foreign Financial Registration website for both 

internal and external stakeholder access, resulting in over 103,000 financial institutions around the world 

registering and receiving a Global Intermediary Identification Number (GIIN) 

• Conducted FATCA data safeguarding reviews of Model 1A IGA (Intergovernmental Agreement) countries to 

ensure that appropriate safeguards and infrastructure are in place and an appropriate culture of care exists to 

maintain confidentiality of exchanged information 

• Developed a data safeguards workbook for completion by both the U.S. and FATCA partner jurisdictions 

prior to the reciprocal exchange of information 

• Initiated the International Compliance Management Model (ICMM) Integrated Project and completed highlevel business requirements for the first deployment of ICMM, which focused on receipt, processing, 

validation, management and storage of incoming FATCA data, and creation of notifications to send to the 

filer 

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Establish an initiative throughout the IRS to further improve the Fraud Referral Program 

• Create reports using the new case management coding system on third-party money laundering cases that 

can be provided to the Treasury Executive Office of Asset Forfeiture in order to help identify case 

methodologies 

• Develop a formal International Collection training plan that uses cross functional subject matter experts to 

develop and teach international specific courses 

• Add additional capability to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) registration website 

• Deploy additional International Compliance Management Model (ICMM) functionality to fully process and 

manage data and provide back end reporting capabilities, and gather business requirements for ICMM 

Release 2 for preparation of outgoing files for reciprocal exchange

• Revise the Form 1099-S, Proceeds From Real Estate Transactions, to include information that is necessary 

to identify transactions subject to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) along 

with the pertinent buyer identifying information that would allow the IRS to effectively enforce compliance 

with the current law 

• Conduct International Data Exchange Service (IDES) testing with foreign partners to enable them to 

complete work on their own projects to conduct FATCA third-party reporting, and reciprocal exchanges in 

conjunction with the ICMM project

• Deploy Release 2 of the FATCA registration to provide the financial institution (FI) sponsoring entity the 

ability to add all their sponsored entities and their FI type 

• Deploy Release 3 of the FATCA registration that will add the Qualified Intermediary application and 

supporting documents and the Financial Institution certification process
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TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 9 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Taxpayer Protection and Rights Apply the tax laws fairly

 

TIGTA CHALLENGE NO. 10 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ISSUES

Human Capital Enable the IRS to achieve its mission

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Engaged federal and state agencies to exchange data through the Criminal Investigation Memorandum of 

Understanding (MOU) that implemented aggressive actions to address identity theft and refund fraud; Secured 

23 CI MOUs that established reciprocal information sharing opportunities and cooperative compliance efforts 

between the IRS and states

• Created a data exchange MOU with the Federal Bureau of Prisons to allow for disclosures of returns and return 

information to states Departments of Correction and the Federal Bureau of Prisons for fraudulent returns filed 

by inmates

• Established effective processes to handle the large volume of complaints made against paid tax preparers; 

Through increased staffing, enhanced processes, including using a centralized database to manage complaints, 

written guidance, and trained Return Preparer Office employees, the inventory backlog was reduced 

significantly 

• Piloted the State Suspicious Filers Group to share fraudulent refund information that resulted in eight states 

submitting over 5,000 suspicious filers; stopped fraudulent refunds of over $3.3M associated with these 

referrals

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Update IRM 1.5.3, Manager's Self-Certification and the Independent Review Process, to instruct Section 1204 

managers to review and update employees' HR Connect profiles as part of the Quarterly Certification process; 

Guidance is currently being provided to the Section 1204 program managers as part of the quarterly 

certification process until the IRM updates are published 

• Collaborate with Federal, state and local agencies on best practices for authentication and identity protection 

• Expand participation by the state departments of corrections to deter inmate tax fraud by signing agreements 

to exchange 

Fiscal Year 2014 Major Accomplishments

• Developed and completed service-wide training for executives, managers, and employees to support the Back to 

Basics training and incorporated the training in the IRS core values portion of the onboarding process, as well 

as the annual ethics briefings

• Implemented the Vets-to-Feds program sponsored by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the 

Department of Veterans Affairs

• Exceeded the Office of the Personnel Management and the Department’s hiring cycle time requirement of 80 

days by 9 days

• Continued the Leadership Succession Review (LSR) program to ensure a strong, cohesive leadership 

development and succession planning approach from frontline to executive development

• Implemented an enhanced Employee Recognition Program website, which celebrated the successes of 

employees and teams that made a difference

Actions Planned or Underway 

• Realign the compliance operations within the Small Business/Self-Employed and Wage & Investment divisions 

with the intent of reducing redundancies, improving taxpayer services and better identifying emerging 

compliance issues; as part of the work on the concept of operations for the new Collection organization, the 

Automated Collection System (ACS) program will be reviewed to determine whether the Collection 

responsibilities and authorities currently assigned to ACS employees need to be enhanced 

• Develop, publish, and issue an Employee Recognition Handbook
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SECTION D: SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT AND 

MANAGEMENT ASSURANCES

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT

Audit Opinion Unmodified

Restatement NO

Material Weakness

Beginning 

Balance New Resolved Consolidated Ending Balance

Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial 

Reporting at the IRS 1 0 0 0 1

SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT ASSURANCES

Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting (FMFIA § 2)

Statement of Assurance Qualified

Material Weakness

Beginning 

Balance New Resolved Consolidated Reassessed

Ending 

Balance

IRS – Unpaid Tax Assessments 1 0 0 0 0 1

Effectiveness of Internal Control over Operations (FMFIA § 2)

Statement of Assurance Qualified

Material Weaknesses

Beginning 

Balance New Resolved Consolidated Reassessed

Ending 

Balance

Bureau of the Fiscal Service – Control Deficiencies in 

the Processes used to Prepare the Consolidated 

Government-wide Financial Statements 1 0 0 0 0 1

Total Material Weaknesses (FMFIA § 2) 2 0 0 0 0 2

Conformance with Financial Management System Requirements (FMFIA § 4)

Statement of Assurance Systems conform to financial management system requirements

Material Weaknesses

Beginning 

Balance New Resolved Consolidated Reassessed

Ending 

Balance

Total Non-conformances 0 0 0 0 0 0

Compliance with Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA)

Agency Auditor

1. System Requirements Lack of substantial compliance noted

2. Accounting Standards Lack of substantial compliance noted

3. USSGL at the Transaction Level No lack of substantial compliance noted
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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SECTION E: IMPROPER PAYMENTS DETAILED REPORT

The Department’s Fiscal Year 2014 Improper Payments Information Act Report includes information required by the Improper 

Payments Information Act of 2002 (IPIA) as amended by the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010

(IPERA), the Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act of 2012 (IPERIA), Reducing Improper 

Payments and Eliminating Waste in the Federal Government, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-123, 

Management’s Responsibility for Internal Control, Appendix C, Requirements for Effective Estimation and Remediation of 

Improper Payments (A-123, Appendix C) and OMB Circular A-136.

I. RISK ASSESSMENT

Each year, the Department develops a comprehensive inventory of the funding sources for all programs and activities and 

distributes it to the Treasury bureaus and offices. The bureaus and offices must perform risk assessments at the payment type 

level (e.g., payroll, contracts, vendors, travel, etc.). The Department’s risk assessment process follows the Committee of 

Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Internal Control Integrated Framework. The framework 

includes:

• Internal Control Environment

• Risk Assessment

• Internal Control Activities

• Information and Communication

• Monitoring

The factors considered in the determination of risk levels include:

Operating Environment – Existence of factors which necessitate or allow for loosening of financial controls; any known 

instances of fraud

Payment Processing Controls – Management’s implementation of internal controls over payment processes including 

existence of current documentation, the assessment of design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over payments, the 

identification of deficiencies related to payment processes, and whether or not effective compensating controls are present

Internal Monitoring Activities – Periodic internal program reviews to determine if payments are made properly; strength of 

documentation requirements and standards to support testing of design and operating effectiveness for key payment controls

Human Capital – Experience, training, and size of payment staff; ability of staff to handle peak payment requirements; level of 

management oversight, and monitoring against fraudulent activity

During fiscal year 2014, Treasury continued the use of its robust assessment process. 

For those payment types resulting in high-risk assessments that comprise at least 1.5 percent and $10 million in total program 

outlays or $100 million at any rate, (1) statistical sampling must be performed to determine the improper payment rate, and (2) 

a corrective action plan must be developed and submitted to the Department and OMB for approval. Responses to the risk 

assessments produce a score that falls into pre-determined categories of risk. The following table describes the actions required 

at each risk level:
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Risk Level Required Action(s)

High Risk > 1.5% Error Rate & > $10 Million or $100,000,000 at 

any error rate Corrective Action Plan

Medium Risk Review Payment Controls for Improvement

Low Risk No Further Action Required

The risk assessments performed across the Department in fiscal year 2014 resulted in all programs and activities being of low or 

medium risk susceptibility for improper payments, except for the IRS’s Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) program. The EITC’s 

high-risk status is well-documented, having been identified previously in the former Section 57 of OMB Circular No. A-11, 

Preparation, Submission, and Execution of the Budget, deemed by OMB a complex program for the purposes of the IPIA and as 

a high priority program for Executive Order 13520, Reducing Improper Payments. OMB’s guidance requires additional 

reporting on programs deemed high-risk; that information, for the EITC program only, follows.

II. STATISTICAL SAMPLING 

EITC Program

The EITC is a refundable federal tax credit that offsets income taxes owed by low-income workers and, if the credit exceeds the 

amount of taxes owed, provides a refund to those who qualify. The most recent projection is based on a tax year 2010 reporting 

compliance study that estimated the rate of improper overclaims for fiscal year 2014 to range between 24.9 percent (lower 

bound) and 29.4 percent (upper bound). This amounts to between $16.2 and $19.1 billion of approximately $65.2 billion in total 

program payments.

In keeping with the requirements of IPERIA, Treasury updates the estimate of improper payments annually. The EITC 

improper payment rate is estimated using a statistically valid sample of returns audited through the IRS’s National Research 

Program (NRP). The methodology employed compares the value of all improper payments to the total value of EITC claims, 

yielding an annual projection for the program error rate. The most recent calculation indicated a program error rate that was 

consistent in magnitude with the five-year average 25 percent error rate.

General Methodology

The complexity of the EITC program, the nature of tax processing, and the expense of compliance studies preclude producing 

error rates in a timely enough manner to be usefully compared with reduction targets. The estimates are primarily based on 

information from the NRP reporting compliance study of individual income tax returns for tax year 2010—the most recent year 

for which compliance information from a statistically valid, random sample of individual tax returns is available.

Under the tax year 2010 NRP reporting compliance study, which audited individual income tax returns filed during calendar 

year 2011 for tax year 2010, approximately 2,600 of the returns in the regular NRP sample were EITC claimants randomly 

selected for examination.

The NRP conducts annual studies on the reporting compliance of Form 1040 taxpayers. Imbedded in these annual studies is a 

sample of EITC claimants large enough to estimate the improper payment percentage with plus or minus 2.5 percentage point 

precision and 90 percent confidence, or approximately 2,600 tax returns. This is the data source used to estimate the amount of 

EITC overclaims and underpayments. EITC overclaims are defined as the difference between the EITC amount claimed by the 

taxpayer on his or her return, as adjusted by the IRS math error processing, and the amount the taxpayer should have claimed, 

as determined by the NRP examination. EITC underpayments are defined as the amount of EITC disallowed by the IRS in 

processing that should have been allowed, as determined by the NRP examination. For tax year 2010, the sum of overclaims and 

the absolute value of underpayments is estimated to be $18.6 billion. Some of these EITC overclaims are prevented from being 

paid or are recovered through enforcement activities. It is estimated that a total of $2.2 billion of EITC overclaims were 
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prevented or recovered for tax year 2010. These amounts are subtracted from the sum of overclaims and underpayments to 

obtain a net amount of unrecovered overclaims and underpayments. 

The IRS also uses the NRP sample to estimate the total amount of EITC claims. For tax year 2010, approximately $59.7 billion 

was claimed for EITC. The improper payment rate is calculated by dividing the unrecovered overclaims and underpayments by 

total EITC claims.

To obtain projections of total EITC claims, upward adjustments were made to estimates of EITC tax expenditures and outlays in 

the fiscal year 2015 federal budget. The adjustment reflects that these amounts likely understate the amount of EITC initially 

claimed on filed tax returns. This is because some of the original claims are never actually disbursed to taxpayers, being 

disallowed through math-error processing or revenue protected by pre-refund examinations, although these are offset to some 

extent by new EITC claims made on amended returns. The relationship between estimates of EITC claims and estimates of 

expenditures and outlays in prior years was used to determine the appropriate adjustment factor. 

The final step of estimating EITC improper payments for fiscal year 2014 involves multiplying the improper payment rate by the 

estimate of total claims for that year. This yields the estimate for EITC improper payments for fiscal year 2014. In order to 

provide projections through fiscal year 2017, the same improper payment rate is applied to future year projections of total 

claims.

III. CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 

This section describes the ongoing and planned corrective actions to reduce the improper payment rate for Treasury’s only highrisk susceptible program, the EITC.

Root Causes

The root causes of EITC improper payments are from the following sources:

Authentication –It is estimated that 70 percent or $12.4 billion in improper payments are from authentication errors. They 

include errors associated with the inability to authenticate qualifying child eligibility requirements, mainly relationship and 

residency requirements, filing status, when married couples file as single or head of household, and eligibility in complex living 

situations. Authentication is completed on a portion of this error category during pre-refund examinations.

Verification – It is estimated that 30 percent or $5.3 billion in improper payments are from verification errors. These errors 

relate to improper income reporting which allows claimants to fall within the EITC income limitations and qualify for EITC. The 

errors include both underreporting and overreporting of income by both wage earners and taxpayers who report that they are 

self-employed.

Income reported through information returns such as Forms W-2, Forms 1099, etc., which can be used for verification of some 

income, becomes available only after tax returns are processed. Under law, the IRS must process income tax returns within 45 

days of the return due date or pay interest to taxpayers.

Base Program

In fiscal year 2014, the IRS protected revenue of almost $3.5 billion related to its EITC compliance activities. The activities 

primarily focused on three areas:

• Examinations – The IRS identifies tax returns for examination and, in the majority of cases, holds the EITC portion of the 

refund until an audit can be conducted. The IRS also holds the Additional Child Tax Credit portion of the refund on these 

EITC examinations. This is the only ongoing IRS audit program where exams are conducted before a refund is released. 
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• Math Error – Refers to an automated process in which the IRS identifies math or other irregularities and automatically 

prepares an adjusted return for a taxpayer.

• Document Matching – Involves comparing income information provided by the taxpayer with matching information (e.g., 

W-2s, 1099s) from employers and other third parties to identify discrepancies

The chart below shows significant results from almost 435,700 EITC-related examinations, approximately 210,000 math error 

notices, and over 1,050,000 document matching reviews.

Compliance Activities

FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13* FY14** FY15***

FY09-FY15 

Total

Examination Closures 508,180 473,999 483,574 487,408 483,070 435,679 436,000 3,307,910

Math Error Notices 355,416 341,824 293,450 270,492 241,975 210,000 180,000 1,893,157

Document Matching 688,087 904,920 1,178,129 985,172 906,994 1,053,304 1,050,000 6,766,606

Amended Returns1 25,395 19,347 14,317 13,284 8,130 17,725 17,700 115,898

* Restated actual.

** Preliminary data.

*** Estimate based on fiscal year 2014 preliminary data.

1 Amended returns are a subset of Examination Closures.

These compliance activities had a significant effect. Treasury projects that continued enforcement efforts will protect a total of 

approximately $26 billion in revenue through fiscal year 2015, as shown below.

FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13* FY14** FY15***

FY09-FY15 

Total

Examination Closures $ 2.15 $ 1.97 $ 2.04 $ 2.05 $ 2.11 $ 1.75 $ 1.75 $ 13.82

Math Error Notices $ 0.40 $ 0.41 $ 0.35 $ 0.31 $ 0.30 $ 0.25 $ 0.22 $ 2.24

Document Matching $ 1.17 $ 1.43 $ 1.32 $ 1.55 $ 1.42 $ 1.39 $ 1.39 $ 9.67

Amended Returns $ 0.07 $ 0.06 $ 0.04 $ 0.04 $ 0.03 $ 0.05 $ 0.05 $ 0.34

TOTAL $ 3.79 $ 3.87 $ 3.75 $ 3.95 $ 3.86 $ 3.44 $ 3.41 $ 26.07

* Restated actual.

** Preliminary data.

*** Estimate based on fiscal year 2015 preliminary data.
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Maximizing Current Business Processes 

• As a part of the fiscal year 2014 EITC Return Preparer Strategy, the IRS completed activities associated with a suite of 

progressive EITC preparer treatments, addressing over 18,000 preparers selected through a risk-based scoring model, 

before and during the filing season

• The IRS completed 431 pre-filing season Due Diligence Visits (DDVs) with a penalty rate of 84 percent and over $22 

million in proposed penalties. Revenue and criminal investigation agents completed 96 educational Knock-and-Talk 

Visits (KTV) visits. The IRS mailed nearly 17,000 educational notices and called almost 500 preparers before the fiscal 

year 2014 filing season.

• The IRS closed 296 filing season DDVs with a penalty rate of 81 percent and almost $3.5 million in proposed penalties. 

The IRS proposed penalties of nearly $300,000 on 21 DDVs completed as a follow-up for those preparers who received 

pre-filing season KTVs but did not improve their due diligence. The IRS mailed 3,000 educational notices and called 

over 2,000 preparers during the 2014 filing season. Additionally, the IRS obtained two civil injunctions protecting 

revenue of $14.5 million.

• The analysis of the fiscal year 2014 EITC Preparer Strategy revealed that, including the penalties and injunction 

revenue protected above, the preparer treatments protected over $550 million (EITC and Child Tax Credit)

• Proposed $13 million in penalties to almost 800 EITC return preparers for failure to exercise due diligence by attaching 

Form 8867, Paid Preparer's Earned Income Credit Checklist, to taxpayer returns

• Imposed over 4,774 two-year bans and 102 10-year bans (as of September 2014) for cases where the IRS determined 

during an EITC audit that the taxpayer intentionally disregarded the rules and regulations or committed fraud 

• Through September 2014, detected and stopped over 562,000 fraudulent returns through fraud detection filters from 

being processed, preventing nearly $1.5 billion in improper EITC payments Continued to stop fraudulent EITC refund 

claims through Criminal Investigation (CI) division indictments. Through September 2014, CI issued 285 EITC 

Questionable Refund Program (QRP) scheme indictments with 262 convictions as well as 108 EITC Return Preparer 

indictments with 83 convictions. 

• Sent approximately 97,000 letters to alert taxpayers that a qualifying child for the EITC claimed on their returns had 

also been claimed by another person

• Continued partnership with members of key tax software associations to reduce EITC errors, assist preparers in 

meeting their EITC due diligence requirements, and improve software for taxpayers completing their own returns

• Focused outreach and education efforts on EITC returns preparers to educate them on EITC and due diligence 

requirements. Over 14,500 preparers received a certificate of completion for the English and Spanish interactive EITC 

Due Diligence Training module. Additionally, with almost 11,000 preparers attending IRS Tax Forums, 38 percent

attended our seminar on EITC due diligence, and 50 percent attended our seminar on refundable credits that also 

covered EITC due diligence. IRS also made presentations on due diligence at several large tax preparation firms’ 

conventions and the Latino Tax Professionals Association.

• Held annual EITC Awareness Day. The IRS and its partners held over 200 events in both English and Spanish to 

promote the EITC. This year’s events focused on increasing awareness among underserved populations and included 

focused compliance messages. 
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IV. Improper Payments Reporting 

Treasury’s only high-risk susceptible program is the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). EITC is also Treasury’s only highpriority program, as designated by OMB, for reducing improper payments. Although high-priority programs are generally 

required to report reduction targets, setting improper payment reduction targets for this program does not create meaningful 

goals for Treasury. This is due to the complexity of the tax law around EITC and the significant annual turnover within the 

participating population. As an alternative, Treasury and OMB have collaborated on the development of a series of 

supplemental measures. These measures should provide a more nuanced assessment of the EITC program and of Treasury’s 

efforts to limit improper payments than would be provided by standard reduction targets. Treasury has provided the following 

supplemental measures to OMB: 

• The Annual Error Rate, which identifies the percentage of total EITC payments that are improper

• The amount of Revenue Protected, which shows the total value of erroneous payments prevented, or recovered through 

compliance activities

• The amount of Revenue Protected from Paid Preparer Treatments, which shows dollars erroneously or fraudulently 

claimed by paid tax preparers but not paid out, or recovered, by Treasury

• The number of Preparer Due Diligence Penalties Proposed, reflecting the effectiveness of Treasury efforts to ensure 

paid tax preparers are submitting accurate, non-fraudulent EITC claims on behalf of taxpayers

These measures are tracked and updated annually based on Tax Filing Season results and are posted to the 

PaymentAccuracy.gov web site. The table below shows estimated values for these measures:

EITC Improper Payment Supplemental Measures

Measure FY 2014 Value FY 2013 Value

Annual Error Rate Total Payments (Outlays)

Improper Payments

$65.2 Billion

$17.7 Billion

$60.3 Billion

$14.5 Billion

Revenue Protected Dollars

Returns

$6.4 Billion

2.3 Million

$5.6 Billion

2.0 Million

Revenue Protected from 

Paid Preparer Treatments

Dollars

Preparers

$365 Million

18,105

$511 Million

14,485

Preparer Due Diligence 

Penalties Proposed

Dollars

Preparers

$39.1 Million

1,372

$18 Million

725

To help further address improper payments compliance and reporting, several legislative changes have been proposed for EITC. 

In the Fiscal Year 2015 Budget transmitted to Congress by the President, the following legislative authorities were proposed:

• Providing Treasury with the authority to correct erroneous claims detected through reliable data sources at the time a 

tax return is filed, before a refund claim is paid

• Requiring third parties such as employers to report salary and other data earlier in the year in order to improve 

Treasury’s ability to validate legitimate claims and detect erroneous or fraudulent ones

• Increasing penalties for the use of stolen identities in making fraudulent claims, and increasing IRS access to the New 

Hires Database to identify identity theft

• Improving Treasury’s ability to regulate tax preparers and detect unscrupulous behavior
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• Simplifying certain rules to make it easier for taxpayers to understand and claim the EITC credit and for the IRS to 

administer it

These legislative proposals are intended to reduce improper payments under EITC and improve taxpayer and paid preparer 

compliance while minimizing taxpayer burden.

The following table provides the improper payment reduction outlook for the EITC:

Improper Payment (IP) Reduction Outlook 

(Dollars in Billions)

Program

2013 EITC 

Claims

2013 IP%

2013 IP$

2014 EITC 

Claims

2014 IP %

2014 IP$

2015 Est. EITC 

Claims

2015 IP %

2015 IP$

2016 Est. EITC 

Claims

2016 IP %

2016 IP$

2017 Est. EITC 

Claims

2017 IP %

2017 IP$

EITC Upper 

Bound

Estimate $ 60.3 25.9% $ 15.6 $ 65.2 29.4% $ 19.1 $ 64.8 29.4% $ 19.0 $ 65.2 29.4% $ 19.1 $ 66.5 29.4% $ 19.5

EITC Lower 

Bound

Estimate 

Lower

Bound

Estimate

$ 60.3 22.1% $ 13.3 $ 65.2 24.9% $ 16.2 $ 64.8 24.9% $ 16.1 $ 65.2 24.9% $ 16.2 $ 66.5 24.9% $ 16.6

Estimated Claims: Estimated total claims for the EITC are based on projections of EITC tax expenditures plus outlays as estimated by 

the Office of Tax Analysis within the Department of the Treasury, adjusted to account for the difference between taxpayer claims and 

accounts received by taxpayers due to return processing and enforcement.

IP % and IP $: These estimates follow the prior approach which provided a range for the error rate (%) and improper payments 

amounts ($).

V. RECAPTURE OF IMPROPER PAYMENTS REPORTING

In accordance with IPERA and OMB Circular No. A-123, Appendix C, Treasury performs and reports annually on its payment 

recapture program. During fiscal year 2014, Treasury issued contracts and other reviewed payments totaling approximately $8

billion. The amended act expanded the payment types reviewed beyond just contracts to include grants, benefits, loans, and 

miscellaneous payments.

Treasury’s annual risk assessment process includes a review of pre-payment controls that minimize the likelihood and 

occurrence of improper payments. Treasury requires each bureau and office to conduct post-award audits and report on 

payment recapture activities, contracts issued, improper payments made, and recoveries achieved. Bureaus and offices may use 

payment recapture audit contingency firms to perform many of the steps in their payment recapture auditing program and 

identify candidates for payment recapture action. However, no Treasury bureaus used contractors to perform recapture 

activities for fiscal year 2014. Treasury employees performed this work.

Treasury considers both pre- and post-reviews to identify payment errors a sound management practice that should be included 

among basic payment controls. All Treasury bureaus have a process in place to identify improper payments during pre- and 

post-reviews. At times, bureaus may use the results of the Treasury IGs and GAO reviews to help identify payment anomalies 

and target areas for improvement. However, Treasury applies extensive payment controls at the time each payment is 

processed, making recapture activity minimal. 
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Payment Recapture Audit Reporting

Type of 

Payment 

Amount 

Subject to 

Review for 

2014 

Reporting

Actual 

Amount 

Reviewed and 

Reported 

(2014)

Amount 

Identified 

for 

Recovery 

(2014)

Amount 

Recovered 

(2014)

% of Amount 

Recovered out 

of Amount 

Identified 

(2014)

Amount 

Outstanding 

(2014)

% of Amount 

Outstanding 

out of Amount 

Identified 

(2014)

Contracts $ 5,778,168,574 $ 5,492,469,802 $ 3,590,125 $ 3,545,219 98.7 $ 44,906 1.2

Grants $ 193,672,412 $ 193,672,412 $ 50,264 $ 50,264 100 $ 0 0

Benefits $ 689,124,342 $ 5,489,503 $ 1,112,746 $ 1,030,074 92.6 $ 82,672 7.4

Loans $ 13,690,678 $ 13,690,678 $ 0 $ 0 0 $ 0 0

Other $ 1,053,424,886 $ 1,053,424,886 $ 809,895 $ 605,033 74.7 $ 196,026 24.2

Type of 

Payment

Amount 

Determined 

Not to be 

Collectable

(2014)

% of Amount 

Determined 

Not to be 

Collectable 

out of 

Amount 

Identified 

(2014)

Amounts 

Identified for 

Recovery 

(2004-2013)

Amounts 

Recovered 

(2004-2013)

Cumulative 

Amounts 

Identified for 

Recovery 

(2004-2014)

Cumulative 

Amounts 

Recovered 

(2004-2014)

Cumulative 

Amounts 

Outstanding 

(2004-2014)

Cumulative 

Amounts 

Determined 

Not to be 

Collectable 

(2004-2014)

Contracts $ 0 0 $ 9,253,726 $ 7,859,610 $ 12,843,851 $ 11,475,728 $ 46,207 $ 75,130

Grants $ 0 0 $ 18,732,161 $ 17,278,355 $ 18,782,425 $ 18,782,425 $ 0 $ 0

Benefits $ 0 0 $ 1,669,073 $ 1,132,587 $ 2,781,819 $ 2,214,650 $ 504,587 $ 303,788

Loans $ 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Other $ 8,836 1.0 $ 3,142,525 $ 2,999,430 $ 3,952,420 $ 3,623,662 $ 196,026 $ 10,439

During fiscal year 2014, Treasury determined that conducting a Payment Recapture Audit on the following six programs would 

not be cost-effective: 

• Fiscal Service (FS) Debt Activity Programs 

• FS Treasury Managed Accounts

• Treasury Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture 

• Departmental Offices International Financial Institutions – International Assistance Programs 

• Federal Financing Bank

• Office of Financial Stability 

FS Debt Activity Programs continued to reflect a low level of risk in every group and payment type in fiscal year 2014. 

FS - Treasury Managed Account disbursements are based on public law, adjudications, or payment certifications from federal 

agencies. Payments are made via the FS Secure Payment System (SPS).

The Treasury Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture’s program payments to state and local law enforcement agencies are 

intergovernmental payments that represent a low risk of improper payment. In addition, the Treasury Executive Office of Asset 

Forfeiture staff reviews payments monthly for accuracy.

The Departmental Offices International Financial Institutions non-federal payments to the Multilateral Development Banks are 

submitted by either a voucher on a letter of credit administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or through direct cash 

payments via the FS Secure Payment System. These payments present a low level of improper payment risk based on the 

number of payments annually and the quality of third party controls.
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The FFB has an interagency agreement with the General Services Agency (GSA) to provide acquisition support. Invoices are 

paid through GSA’s ITSS platform and are reviewed prior to payment by the task order COR. Contractor payments are paid 

through the GSA via the Intra-Governmental Payment and Collection Systems. The bureau’s lone contractor bills FFB once a 

month. The effort required in performing the payment recapture audit would be significantly disproportionate to the low 

volume of invoices associated with a single vendor.

The OFS has in place extensive annual audit and testing procedures to monitor administrative and program payments for errors. 

These procedures have identified no significant erroneous payment issues or audit findings to date.

Based on the justifications submitted by the six Treasury programs, payment recapture audits for these programs were not 

deemed cost effective. 

Payment Recapture Audit Targets

The payment recapture audit targets listed below are preliminary estimates developed by Treasury bureaus and offices based on 

historical performance and current payment recapture audit programs.

Type of Payment

2014 Amount 

Identified 

2014 Amount 

Recovered 

2014 Recovery Rate 

(%) (Amount 

Recovered/Amount 

Identified) 

2015 

Recovery 

Rate (%) 

Target

2016 

Recovery 

Rate (%) 

Target

2017 

Recovery 

Rate (%) 

Target

Contracts $ 3,590,125 $ 3,545,219 98.7 85 85 85

Grants $ 50,264 $ 50,264 100 85 85 85

Benefits $ 1,112,746 $ 1,030,074 92.6 85 85 85

Loans $ 0 $ 0 0 85 85 85

Other $ 809,895 $ 605,033 74.7 85 85 85

Aging of Outstanding Overpayments

Type of Payment

CY* Amount Outstanding 

(0-6 months)

CY Amount Outstanding (6 

months – 1 year)

CY Amount Outstanding 

(Over 1 year)

Contracts $ 46,207 $ 0 $ 0

Grants $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Benefits $ 63,565 $ 11,267 $ 429,755

Loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Other $ 192,100 $ 3,926 $ 0

* CY = Current Year

Disposition of Recaptured Funds

Type of Payment

Agency Expenses to 

Administer the 

Program

Payment 

Recapture 

Auditor Fees

Financial 

Management 

Improvement 

Activities

Original 

Purpose

Office of the 

Inspector General

Returned to 

Treasury

Contracts $ 78,042 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,538,080 $ 0 $ 0

Grants $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,504,070 $ 0 $ 0

Benefits $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,082,062 $ 0 $ 0

Loans $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Other $ 61,712 $ 0 $ 0 $ 562,520 $ 0 $ 0
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Overpayments Recaptured Outside of Payment Recapture Audit

Source of Recovery

Amount 

Identified CY

Amount 

Recovered CY

Amount Identified 

PY*

Amount 

Recovered PY

Cumulative 

Amount 

Identified 

(CY +PY) 

Cumulative 

Amount 

Recovered 

(CY+PY)

Statistical Samples $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Do Not Pay 

Implementation $ 30,824 $ 30,824 $ 12,149 $ 12,149 $ 42,973 $ 42,973

Post Payment Reviews 

or Audits $ 75,475 $ 61,397 $ 84,417 $ 84,417 $ 159,892 $ 145,814

OIG Reviews $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,331 $ 3,121 $ 7,331 $ 3,121

Single Audit Reports $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

Self-Reported $ 1,073,100 $ 984,810 $ 2,896,776 $ 2,896,776 $ 3,969,876 $ 3,881,586

Reports from Public $ 133,341 $ 133,341 $ 40,200,764 $ 40,194,205 $ 40,334,105 $ 40,327,546

*PY = Prior Year

VI. ACCOUNTABILITY

The Secretary of the Treasury has delegated responsibility for addressing improper payments to the Assistant Secretary for 

Management (ASM). Improper payments fall under the Department’s management and internal control program. A major 

component of the internal control program is risk assessments, which are an extension of each bureau’s annual improper 

payment elimination and recovery review process, as required under A-123, Appendix C. Under Treasury Directive 40-04, 

Treasury Internal (Management) Control Program, executives and other managers are required to have management control 

responsibilities as part of their annual performance plans. With oversight mechanisms such as the Treasury CFO Council and 

the Management Controls Executive Steering Committee, managerial responsibility and accountability in all management and 

internal control areas are visible and well-documented. Treasury has identified executives who are responsible and accountable 

for reducing the level of EITC overclaims, while other senior and mid-level officials have responsibility for monitoring progress 

in this area as bureau and program internal control officers.

VII. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE

Overall, Treasury has the internal controls, human capital, and information systems and other infrastructure it needs to reduce 

improper payments to the targeted levels.

VIII. LIMITING STATUTORY AND REGULATORY BARRIERS

A number of factors continue to serve as barriers to reducing overclaims in the EITC program. These include:

• Complexity of the tax law (including the need for Congressional authorization of math error authority)

• Structure of the EITC

• Confusion among eligible claimants

• High turnover of eligible claimants

• Unscrupulous return preparers

• Fraud

No one of these factors can be considered the primary driver of program error. Furthermore, the interaction among the factors 

makes addressing the credit’s erroneous claims rate, while balancing the need to ensure the credit makes its way to taxpayers

who are eligible, extremely difficult.
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Also, statutory requirements limit the IRS’s ability to ensure that EITC claims are valid before they are paid. Since the EITC is 

administered through the Internal Revenue Code, it is claimed by taxpayers during the filing and processing of their tax returns. 

The Internal Revenue Code requires the IRS to process tax returns and pay any related tax refunds within 45 days of receipt of 

the tax return or the tax return due date, whichever is later. Beyond this 45 day period interest begins accruing on the refund 

amount, which must be paid along with the refund to the taxpayer. For the majority of EITC returns, which tend to be filed early 

in the filing season, the IRS does not receive information to verify income reporting accuracy or other data needed to validate 

these EITC claims at the time of filing or within a reasonable period thereafter in which a taxpayer would expect their refund. 

The IRS faces further challenges when attempting to validate the EITC claims of filers with non-wage income. The requirements 

and expectations around the timely payment of refunds constrain the IRS’ ability to conduct up-front verification of claims, 

which distinguishes EITC and its administration through the tax system from the extensive validity checks conducted by 

agencies administering other federal programs that typically establish eligibility prior to the issuance of payments or benefits.

IRS has worked with Treasury on the following proposals to help address EITC improper payments:

Fiscal Year 2014 Green Book Proposal

EITC 2 and 10 Year Bans: The proposal would allow IRS to use math error authority to disallow EITC claims for taxpayers that 

claim the credit during a period of disallowance under the two and ten year bans. In determining if math error authority is 

appropriate, the IRS considers administrative cost savings and efficiencies, compliance enhancements, taxpayer burden 

reduction, accuracy and consistency of third party data on which the proposal is based, simplicity and operational feasibility, and 

taxpayer rights.

Fiscal Year 2015 Green Book Proposal

Correctable Error Authority: The proposal would remove the existing specific grants of math error authority, and provide that 

“math error authority” will refer only to computational errors and the incorrect use of any table provided by the IRS. In 

addition, the proposal would add a new category of “correctable errors.” Under this new category, Treasury would have 

regulatory authority to permit the IRS to correct errors in cases where (1) the information provided by the taxpayer does not

match the information contained in government databases, (2) the taxpayer has exceeded the lifetime limit for claiming a 

deduction or credit, or (3) the taxpayer has failed to include with his or her return documentation that is required by statute. 

The proposal would be effective on the date of enactment. However, the IRS’ current grant of math error authority would 

continue to apply until Treasury and the IRS issue final regulations addressing correctable errors.

This proposal will allow IRS to address more instances of improper claims with existing resources.

IX. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

In fiscal year 2014, the OIG issued Report Number OIG-14-032, Treasury was Not in Compliance with IPERA for Fiscal Year 

2013, which covered the IPERA program as presented in Treasury’s fiscal year 2013 Agency Financial Report. During fiscal year 

2014, the Department continued to implement corrective actions to address the findings and recommendations in the OIG 

report.

X. AGENCY REDUCTION OF IMPROPER PAYMENTS WITH THE DO NOT PAY INITIATIVE

Treasury has mandated all bureaus use of the Do Not Pay system, with certain exemptions for particular payments within 

bureaus. Currently the Death Master File of the Social Security Administration (DMF) and System for Award Management 

(SAM) are the databases used for adjudication. Payments made by agency location codes are processed through the Do Not Pay 

system as part of normal processing to verify whether payments are proper. Certain bureaus within Treasury also have their own 

adjudication processes which help to verify Do Not Pay system generated results. Numerous bureaus within Treasury have 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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reported that they have not had to take any action as pre-screening requirements have also been implemented to eliminate

expected findings via Do Not Pay. No corrections to original source agencies have been detected at this time. 

Number (#) 

of payments 

reviewed for 

Improper 

Payments

Dollars ($) of 

payments 

reviewed for 

Improper 

Payments

Number (#) 

of payments 

stopped

Dollars ($) of 

payments 

stopped

Number (#) 

of improper 

payments 

reviewed and 

not stopped

Dollars ($) of 

improper 

payments 

reviewed and 

not stopped

Reviews 

with DMF -

Public 459,005 $ 6,081,475,060 NA NA 0 $ 0

Reviews 

with SAM 

Exclusions -

Public 2,021,530 $ 14,963,853,674 NA NA 0 $ 0

• Payments reviewed for improper payments includes the total number of payments disbursed by the agency through the 

PACER payment system minus any payments that were excluded from matching due to (1) a missing or unmatchable 

TIN (DMF only) or (2) a missing name

• Payments stopped is currently not applicable since the Do Not Pay matching and adjudication process is based on post 

payment results

• Improper payments reviewed and not stopped includes the total number of matches identified by the Do Not Pay 

Initiative that were adjudicated as improper by the agency

During FY 2014, the Department of the Treasury continued to refine its use of the Do Not Pay system. Treasury expects the 

increasing use of Do Not Pay resources will help reduce or eliminate future improper payments. 
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SECTION F: MATERIAL WEAKNESSES AND AUDIT FOLLOW-UP

This section provides detailed descriptions of Treasury’s material weakness inventory, including summaries of actions taken and 

planned to resolve the weaknesses; tracking and follow-up activities related to Treasury’s GAO, OIG, TIGTA, and SIGTARP audit 

inventory; an analysis of potential monetary benefits arising from audits performed by Treasury’s three IGs; and an update on

Treasury’s financial management systems framework.

Treasury’s Material Weaknesses

Management may declare audit findings or internal situations as a material weakness whenever a condition exists that may 

jeopardize the Treasury mission or continued operations. The FMFIA requires agency reporting on material weaknesses.

FMFIA and FFMIA

The FMFIA requires agencies to establish and maintain internal controls. The Secretary must evaluate and report annually on 

the operational and financial reporting controls (FMFIA Section 2) and financial systems (FMFIA Section 4 and FFMIA) that 

protect the integrity of federal programs. The requirements of the FMFIA serve as an umbrella under which other reviews, 

evaluations, and audits should be coordinated and considered to support management’s assertion about the effectiveness of 

internal control over operations, financial reporting, and compliance with laws and regulations.

As of September 30, 2014, Treasury had two material weaknesses under Section 2 of the FMFIA, summarized as follows:

Summary of FMFIA Material Weaknesses Section 2 Section 4 Total

Balance at the Beginning of Fiscal Year 2014 2 0 2

Closures/Downgrades during Fiscal Year 2014 0 0 0

Reassessed during Fiscal Year 2014 0 0 0

New Material Weakness Declared during Fiscal Year 2014 0 0 0

Balance at the End of Fiscal Year 2014 2 0 2
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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 Below are detailed descriptions of Treasury’s two material weaknesses:

Material Weakness Description

Internal Revenue Service – Unpaid Tax Assessments

The IRS needs to improve its internal control over Unpaid Assessments. Original key elements:

• Subsidiary ledger does not track and report one Trust Fund Recovery Penalty (TFRP) balance

• Untimely posting of TFRP assessments and untimely review of TFRP accounts

• General ledger cannot accurately report the Taxes Receivable balance without a statistical estimation process

An ongoing challenge is that the timely implementation of Customer Account Data Engine 2 (CADE2) Transition 

State 2 (TS2) and other Financial Material Weakness changes are dependent upon funding and resource 

availability. 

Actions Completed in FY 2014 What Remains to be Done

 Completed the fiscal year 2013 “After the 

Audit” report and issued the results to the 

Business Owners for follow-up and corrective 

action

 Completed the Automated Trust Fund 

Recovery (ATFR) Java conversion of 

transcripts for performing payment cross 

referencing from the PowerBuilder Server to 

the Web (Java) Application Servers. This 

change has increased the overall accuracy and 

timeliness of cross-referencing data resulting 

in CDDB being able to classify approximately 

92 percent of the TFRP dollars correctly. GAO 

agrees that IRS has sufficiently addressed the 

two components of the material weakness 

related to the subsidiary ledger tracking and 

reporting on one TFRP balance, and timely 

posting of TFRP assessments and timely review 

of TFRP accounts in fiscal year 2014

 The Project Management Office completed the 

CADE2 TS2 Release Plan 

 Developed high-level milestones to leverage the

CADE2 data

 Develop new action items to close the Material 

Weakness

 Implement CADE2 TS 2 Financial Material 

Weakness functionality by January 2018

 Test for the downgrade of the Financial Material 

Weakness in fiscal year 2019 and request 

downgrade by GAO for fiscal year 2020 with a 

target completion date of November 30, 2020

 Complete the downgrade and closure of the 

Material Weakness in fiscal year 2021
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Material Weakness Description

Bureau of the Fiscal Service – Control Deficiencies in the Processes used to Prepare the Consolidated Government-wide 

Financial Statements

The government has control deficiencies in the processes used to prepare the Consolidated Government-wide Financial 

Statements. The control deficiencies contributed to the following material weaknesses:

• The federal government continues to be unable to adequately account for and reconcile intragovernmental activity and 

balances between federal entities

• The federal government continues to have inadequate systems, controls, and procedures to ensure that the consolidated 

financial statements are consistent with the underlying audited entity financial statements, properly balanced, and in 

accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

• Treasury and OMB continue to lack an effective process for ensuring the consistency of (1) information used by Treasury 

to compute the budget deficit reported in the consolidated financial statements, (2) Treasury’s records of cash 

transactions, and (3) information reported in federal entity financial statements and underlying financial information 

and records

Actions Completed in FY 2014 What Remains to be Done

 Partially reconciled fiscal year 2013 operating  Ensure all reconciling items are included on the revenues/expenses with budget receipts/outlays Budget Statements and trace the data back to  Developed analysis models for unreconciled transactions audited information  Identified intra-governmental differences and developed  Obtain auditable balances, processes, and policies as well as procedures which included specific underlying detail activity for the General Fund categories for the General Fund  Implement additional controls to ensure data  Identified reconciling categories for the General Fund completeness in the preparation of the  Documented changes to identify material balances and Consolidated Government-wide Financial activity from Reporting Entities as defined per the Financial Statements Accounting Standards Advisory Board criteria  Targeted Downgrade/Closure: fiscal year 2016

II. Audit Follow-up Activities

During fiscal year 2014, Treasury continued to place emphasis on both the general administration of internal control issues 

throughout the Department and the timely resolution of findings and recommendations identified by GAO, OIG, TIGTA, 

SIGTARP, external auditors, and management. During the year, Treasury continued to implement enhancements to the tracking 

system called the “Joint Audit Management Enterprise System” (JAMES). JAMES is a Department-wide, interactive, web-based 

system accessible to management, OIG, TIGTA, SIGTARP, and others. The system tracks information on audit reports from 

issuance through completion of all corrective actions required to address findings and recommendations contained in an audit 

report. JAMES is the official system of record for Treasury’s audit follow-up program.

Potential Monetary Benefits

The Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended, Public Law 95-452, requires the IGs and secretaries of executive agencies and 

departments to submit semiannual reports to the Congress on actions taken on audit reports issued that identify potential 

monetary benefits. The Department consolidates and analyzes all relevant information for inclusion in this report. The 

information contained in this section represents a consolidation of information provided separately by OIG, TIGTA, SIGTARP, 

and Treasury management.

In the course of their audits, the IGs periodically identify “questioned costs”, recommend that funds be put to better use, 

enhancements to revenues of the federal government, and identify measures that demonstrate the value of audit 

recommendations to tax administration and business operations. 
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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“Questioned costs” include a:

(1) Cost that is questioned because of an alleged violation of a provision of a law, regulation, contract, or other requirement 

governing the expenditure of funds

(2) Finding, at the time of the audit, that such costs are not supported by adequate documentation (i.e., an unsupported 

cost)

(3) Finding that expenditure of funds for the intended purpose is unnecessary or unreasonable

The phrase “disallowed cost” means a questioned cost that management, in a management decision, has sustained or agreed 

should not be charged to the federal government.

“Funds Put to Better Use” includes:

• Reductions in outlays

• Deobligations of funds from programs or operations

• Costs not incurred by implementing recommended improvements related to operations

• Avoidance of unnecessary expenditures noted in pre-award reviews of contract agreements

• Prevention of erroneous payment of refundable credits (e.g., the Earned Income Tax Credit)

• Any other savings that are specifically identified

“Revenue Enhancements” include opportunities to increase revenue to the federal government.

The Department regularly reviews progress made by the bureaus to realize potential monetary benefits identified in audit 

reports, and coordinates with the auditors as necessary to ensure the consistency and integrity of information on monetary 

benefit recommendations tracked in JAMES.

The statistical data in the following summary tables represent audit report activity for the period from October 1, 2013 through 

September 30, 2014. The data reflect information on OIG, TIGTA, and SIGTARP reports that identified potential monetary 

benefits.
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Audit Report Activity With Potential Monetary Benefits for Which Management Has Identified Corrective 

Actions (OIG, TIGTA, and SIGTARP) October 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014 

(Dollars in Millions)

Disallowed Costs Funds Put to Better Use

Revenue 

Enhancements Total

Reports Dollars Reports Dollars Reports Dollars

Report 

Total Total Dollars

Beginning Balance 11 $ 47.9 6 $ 5,888.4 10 $ 9,233.7 27 $ 15,170.0

New Reports 6 6.6 12 8,735.5 6 494.2 24 9,236.3

Total 17 54.5 18 14,623.9 16 9,727.9 51 24,406.3

Reports Closed 6 2.0 10 8,681.6 11 1,471.3 27 10,154.9

a. Realized or 

Actual1 2 0.2 2 0.3 4 7.0 8 7.5

b. Unrealized or 

Written off1 4 1.8 2 8 8,681.3 3 11 1,464.3 4 23 10,147.4

Ending Balance 11 $ 52.5 8 $ 5,942.3 5 $ 8,256.6 24 $ 14,251.4

1 Report numbers in categories a and b may not equal the Reports Closed. One report can be included in one or both categories.

2 This figure includes one TIGTA report, with $0.2 million written off, for which TIGTA disagreed that the benefit has not been realized 

because the IRS did not have a method available to quantify the monetary benefit.

3 This figure includes five TIGTA reports, with $8.7 billion written off, for which IRS management disagreed with TIGTA’s projected benefits; 

and one TIGTA report with $0.7 million written off, for which TIGTA disagreed with the write off. TIGTA disagreed with the write off 

because at the time the IRS completed the corrective action, not enough time had passed for the IRS to realize the potential monetary 

benefit.

4 This figure includes six TIGTA reports, with $1.3 billion written off, for which IRS management disagreed with TIGTA’s projected benefits 

or recommendation; and one TIGTA report, with $1.6 million written off, for which TIGTA disagreed with the write off. TIGTA disagreed 

with the write off because at the time the IRS completed the corrective action, not enough time had passed for the IRS to realize the potential 

monetary benefits.

The following table presents a summary of OIG, TIGTA, and SIGTARP audit reports with potential monetary benefits that were 

open for more than one year as of the end of fiscal years 2012, 2013, and 2014.

Number of Reports with Potential Monetary Benefits Open for More than One Year 

(Dollars In Millions)

AFR Report Year 9/30/2012 9/30/2013 9/30/2014

OIG No. of Reports 0 0 0

$ Projected Benefits $ 0 $ 0 $ 0

TIGTA No. of Reports 9 7 12

$ Projected Benefits $ 10,018.5 $ 39.2 $ 14,038.0

SIGTARP No. of Reports 2 2 1

$ Projected Benefits $ 8.7 $ 8.7* $ 8.1

*Ending balance adjusted for prior year

The following table presents a summary of the audit reports containing potential monetary benefits, broken out by year of report 

issuance, on which management decisions were made on or before September 30, 2013, but the final actions had not been taken 

as of September 30, 2014.
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Details of the Audit Reports with Potential Monetary Benefits

on Which Management Decisions Were Made On or Before September 30, 2013,

But Final Actions Have Not Been Taken as of September 30, 2014

(Dollars In Millions)

Bureau Report No.

Report Issue 

Date Brief Description

Disallowed 

Costs

Funds Put 

to Better 

Use

Revenue 

Enhancement Total Due Date

IRS 2011-1c-080 8/23/2011

The IRS should use the 

Defense Contract Audit 

Agency (DCAA) report in 

the administration of the 

contract and determine 

whether the questioned 

costs should be recovered.

0.09 - - 0.09 8/31/2016

IRS 2011-1c-122 9/28/2011

The IRS should use the 

DCAA report in the 

administration of the 

contract and determine 

whether the questioned 

costs should be recovered.

28.57 - - 28.57 9/30/2016

OFS SIG-AR-11-

004 9/28/2011

OFS should determine 

whether the questioned, 

unsupported legal fees and 

expenses paid to specified 

law firms are allowable.

8.07 - - 8.07 11/10/2014

FY 2011 3 $36.73 $0 $0 $36.73

IRS 2012-1c-003 12/02/2011

The IRS should use the 

DCAA report in the 

administration of the 

contract and determine 

whether the questioned 

costs should be recovered.

0.02 - - 0.02 12/02/2016

IRS 2012-1c-032 3/19/2012

The IRS should use the 

DCAA report in the 

administration of the 

contract to determine 

whether the questioned 

costs should be recovered.

7.42 - - 7.42 3/31/2017

IRS 2012-1c-079 8/17/2012

The IRS should use the 

DCAA report in 

administering and closing 

out contracts.

1.48 - - 1.48 8/07 /2017

FY 2012 3 $8.92 $0 $0 $8.92
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Bureau Report No.

Report Issue 

Date Brief Description

Disallowed 

Costs

Funds Put to 

Better Use

Revenue 

Enhancement Total Due Date

IRS 2013-1c-001 3/18/2013

The IRS should use the 

DCAA report in 

administering and closing 

out contracts.

0.33 - - 0.33 3/18/2018

IRS 2013-20-013 6/10/2013

The IRS should ensure

that the Enterprise 

Computing Center (ECC) –

Detroit is consolidated into 

the Martinsburg and 

Memphis ECCs.

- 60.00 - 60.00 4/25/2015

IRS 2013-30-077 8/27/2013

The IRS should develop 

and implement procedures 

in the Internal Revenue 

Manual that instruct how 

current year 

correspondence audit 

results are to be used in 

deciding whether the prior 

and/or subsequent year 

tax warrant an audit.

- - 69.40 69.40 6/15/2015

IRS 2013-40-122 9/20/2013

To reduce the potential for 

tax filing fraud, the IRS 

should implement a 

process to deactivate ITINs 

assigned to individuals 

prior to January 1, 2013, 

who no longer have a tax 

filing requirement.

- 1,883.24 - 1,883.24 6/15/2017

IRS 2013-40-120 9/23/2013

The IRS should update 

fraud filters to include use 

of business tax return 

filing and withholding 

payment data to identify 

potentially fraudulent tax 

returns that use a falsely 

obtained employee 

identification number to 

report income and 

withholding.

- 3,894.10 - 3,894.10 1/15/2016

IRS 2013-40-123 9/26/2013

The IRS should develop 

processes and procedures 

to enable Campus 

Operations to assess the 

erroneous refund penalty 

for disallowed credit 

claims that are excessive 

and do not have a 

reasonable basis.

- - 7,550.48 7,550.48 9/15/2015
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Bureau Report No.

Report Issue 

Date Brief Description

Disallowed 

Costs

Funds Put to 

Better Use

Revenue 

Enhancement Total Due Date

IRS 2013-40-130 9/26/2013

The IRS should develop a 

process to ensure that the 

amount of tax withheld is 

remitted and this process 

should also include the 

identification of 

withholding agents that 

are delinquent in filing 

Forms 1042.

- - 542.89 542.89 4/15/2015

FY 2013 7 $0.33 $5,837.34 $8,162.77 $14,000.44

Total 13 $45.98 $5,837.34 $8,162.77 $14,046.09

The following table provides a snapshot of OIG and TIGTA audit reports with significant recommendations reported in previous 

semiannual reports for which corrective actions had not been completed as of September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2014, 

respectively. OIG and TIGTA define “significant” as any recommendation open for more than one year. There were no 

“Undecided Audit Recommendations” during the same periods. 

Audit Reports with Significant Unimplemented Recommendations

9/30/2013 9/30/2014

OIG TIGTA OIG TIGTA

No. of Reports 6 25 5 26

The following table provides a snapshot of the number of recommendations made in SIGTARP audit reports and quarterly 

reports for which corrective actions had not been completed as of September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2014, respectively. 

SIGTARP defines a recommendation as “unimplemented” if it is listed as “partially implemented,” “in process,” or “not 

implemented” in SIGTARP’s quarterly report.

Unimplemented SIGTARP Recommendations

9/30/2013 9/30/2014

No. of Unimplemented 

Recommendations 15 19
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SECTION G: FREEZE THE FOOTPRINT

One of the Department’s key goals is the efficient and effective acquisition, utilization, management, and disposal of 

Departmental real property assets. Under the direction of the Treasury’s Assistant Secretary for Management (ASM), the 

Department’s Senior Real Property Officer (SRPO) is responsible for ensuring that appropriate Departmental procedures, 

reviews, and reporting requirements are developed and maintained in accordance with Departmental directives, and applicable 

OMB and GSA regulations that pertain to the acquisition, utilization and disposal of real property.

The SRPO is responsible for tracking the Department’s real property square footage footprint, and developing the annual agency 

evaluation of the Department’s compliance for the implementation of the Freeze the Footprint Policy. Under current 

Departmental directives, bureaus may not pursue any new lease space acquisitions without the approval of the ASM’s office. To 

ensure the optimal utilization of the Department’s existing space inventory and to achieve real property cost saving and footprint 

reductions, all bureaus are directed to pursue consolidation or co-location opportunities into existing inventory before pursuing 

any new space acquisitions.

Additionally, the Department is taking other actions to maintain overall square footage and reduce the related costs associated 

with real property, including:

• Better utilize real property by undertaking space realignment; 

• Increased teleworking, hoteling, and workspace sharing; and

• Maximizing utilization through improved work station standards

The Department’s total square footage and related operation and maintenance costs associated with real property assets subject 

to the “Freeze the Footprint” policy (from the latest available reporting year of 2013) compared to the Department’s fiscal year 

2012 “Freeze the Footprint” baseline (as assigned by GSA) were as follows (in millions):

2012

(Baseline) 2013 Change

Square Footage (SF in millions) 30.0 29.0 (1.0)

Operation and Maintenance Costs ($ in millions) $ 835.8 $ 827.5 $ (8.3)
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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APPENDIX:

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS

Glossary of Acronyms

2D Two Dimension

ACA Affordable Care Act

ACTC Additional Child Tax Credit

ACH Automated Clearinghouse

ACS Automated Collection System

AFR Agency Financial Report

AGI Adjusted Gross Income

AIFP Automotive Industry Financing Program

AIG American International Group, Inc.

AML Anti-Money Laundering

AOTC American Opportunity Tax Credit

APR Annual Performance Report

AQC Automated Questionable Credit

ARC Administrative Resource Center

ARM Area Records Manager

ASM/CFO Assistant Secretary for Management & Chief Financial Officer

ATFR Automated Trust Fund Recovery

BEP Bureau of Engraving and Printing

BMF Business Master File

BOLO Be on the Lookout

BPD Bureau of the Public Debt

BSA Bank Secrecy Act

CADE2 Customer Account Data Engine

CAU Caution Upon Contact

CCIWG Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Working Group

CCU Campus Compliance Unit

CDCI Community Development Capital Initiative

CDDB Custodial Detail Database

CDFI Community Development Financial Institutions

CDLF Community Development Loan Fund

CDM Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation

CFIUS Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

CFO Chief Financial Officer

CFOV CFO Vision Software

CFS Consolidated Financial Statements

CGAC Common Government-wide Accounting Classification

CI Criminal Investigation

CIG Cyber Intelligence Group

CIGFO Council of Inspectors General on Financial Oversight

COR Contracting Officer’s Representative

COSO Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission

COTS Commercial off-the-shelf
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Glossary of Acronyms

CPI Consumer Price Index

CPP Capital Purchase Program

CRG Cyber Response Group

CSRS Civil Service Retirement System

CY Calendar Year

DATA Digital Accountability and Transparency Act

DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency

DCFO Deputy Chief Financial Officer

DDV Due Diligence Visit

DHS Department of Homeland Security

DISP Debt Issuance Suspension Period

D.C. District of Columbia

DMF Death Master File of the Social Security Administration

DO Departmental Offices

Dodd-Frank Act Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010

DOL Department of Labor

DPB Direct Pay Bonds

EAGER Early-concept Grants for Exploratory Research

ECC Enterprise Computing Center

EESA Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

EF Entity Fabrication

EFP Electronic Filing PIN

EFT Electronic Funds Transfer

EGRPRA Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act

EITC Earned Income Tax Credit

EO Exempt Organization

ERM Enterprise Risk Management

ESA Exchange Stabilization Agreement

ESF Exchange Stabilization Fund

EU European Union

Fannie Mae Federal National Mortgage Association

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation

FARS Financial Analysis and Reporting System

FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board

FATCA Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act

FCDA Foreign Currency Denominated Assets

FCRA Federal Credit Reform Act

FDC Funds from Dedicated Collections

FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

FECA Federal Employees’ Compensation Act

FEHBP Federal Employees Health Benefits Program

FEGLI Federal Employees Group Life Insurance

FERS Federal Employees’ Retirement System

FEVS Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey

FFB Federal Financing Bank
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Glossary of Acronyms

FFIEC Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

FFMIA Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996

FHFA Federal Housing Finance Agency

FinCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

FIO Federal Insurance Office

FIRPTA Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980

FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act

FMFIA Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act

FMS Financial Management Service

FMU Financial Market Utilities

FOMC Federal Open Market Committee

FRAC Financial Research Advisory Committee

FRB Federal Reserve Bank

FRBNY Federal Reserve Bank of New York

FRN Floating Rate Note

FR System Federal Reserve System

Freddie Mac Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

FS Fiscal Service

FS-ISAC Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center

FSB Financial Stability Board

FSOC Financial Stability Oversight Council

FSSCC Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council for Critical Infrastructure Protection

FTO Fine Troy Ounce

FY Fiscal Year

GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

GAB General Arrangements to Borrow

GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office

GIIN Global Intermediary Identification Number

GLC Geographic Leadership Community

GRC Governance, Risk, and Compliance

GSA General Services Administration

GSE Government Sponsored Enterprise

GTAS Government-wide Treasury Account Symbol Adjusted Trial Balance System

GTO Geographic Targeting Order

HERA Housing and Economic Recovery Act

HFA Housing Finance Agency

HHS Department of Health and Human Services

HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development

IA International Affairs

IAIS International Association of Insurance Supervisors

IAP International Assistance Program

IC Intelligence Community

ICD Interagency Currency Design

ICMM International Compliance Management Model

IDES International Data Exchange Service
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Glossary of Acronyms

IDRS Integrated Data Retrieval System

IFI International Financial Institution

IFR Independent Foreclosure Review

IGA Intergovernmental Agreement

IMF International Monetary Fund

IP Improper Payment

IPERA Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010

IPERIA Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Improvement Act of 2012

IPIA Improper Payments Information Act

IPO Initial Public Offering

IPP Invoice Processing Platform

IP PIN Identity Protection Personal Identification Number

IRC Internal Revenue Code

IRM Internal Revenue Manual

IRS Internal Revenue Service

IRTF Individual/Information Returns Transaction File

ISCM Information Security Continuous Monitoring

ISIL Islamic State of Islam and Levant

ISRP Individual Shared Responsibility Payment

IT Information Technology

ITIN Individual Taxpayer Identification Number

ITSS Information Technology Solutions Shop

JAMES Joint Audit Management Enterprise System

KTV Knock and Talk Educational Visits

LEI Legal Entity Identifiers

LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate

LSR Leadership Succession Review

LSS Lean Six Sigma

MBS Mortgage-Backed Security

MDB Multilateral Development Bank

MOU Memoranda of Understanding

MRADR Market Risk Adjusted Discount Rate

MSB Money Service Businesses

MSS Manufacturing Support Suite

MTM Mark- to- Market

NAB New Arrangements to Borrow

NACA Native American CDFI Assistance

NAFA North American Framework Agreement

NARA National Archives and Records Administration

NIBP New Issue Bond Program

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NMTC New Markets Tax Credit

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

NRP National Research Program
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Glossary of Acronyms

NSC National Security Council

NTA National Taxpayer Advocate

NYSE New York Stock Exchange

OAS Office of International Affairs

OCC Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

ODCP Office of D.C. Pensions

OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control

OFR Office of Financial Research

OFS Office of Financial Stability

OIA Office of Intelligence and Analysis

OIG Office of Inspector General

OMB Office of Management and Budget

OPEB Other Post-Employment Benefits

OPM Office of Personnel Management

ORB Other Retirement Benefits

OTA Office of Technical Assistance

OTC Over-The-Counter

OTS Office of Thrift Supervision

P&I Penalty & Interest

PAPRS Portfolio Analysis and Performance Reporting System

PB President’s Budget

PDBP Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan

PDT Potentially Dangerous Taxpayer

P.L. Public Law

PP&E Property, Plant, and Equipment

PPD Presidential Policy Directive

PPIF Public-Private Investment Fund

PPIP Public-Private Investment Program

PSEP Physical Security and Emergency Preparedness

PTIN Preparer Tax Identification Number

PY Processing Year

QFI Qualified Financial Institution

QPR Quarterly Performance Review

RESTORE Act Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities and Revived Economies 

of the Gulf Coast States Act of 2012

ROI Return on Investment

ROC Recovery Operations Center

RRA 98 IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998

RRP Return Review Program

RTC Resolution Trust Corporation

S&ED Strategic and Economic Dialogue

SAM System for Award Management

SAR Suspicious Activity Report

SBA Small Business Administration

SBLF Small Business Lending Fund

SBR Statement of Budgetary Resources
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Glossary of Acronyms

SDR Special Drawing Rights

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

SFFAC Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts

SFFAS Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards

SIGTARP Special Office of Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program 

SOAR Strategic Objective Annual Review

SOMA System Open Market Account

SOS Schedule of Spending

SPS Secure Payment System

SPSPA Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements

SRPO Senior Real Property Officer

SSBCI State Small Business Credit Initiative

SSN Social Security Number

STIF Short – term Investment Fund

TAC Taxpayer Assistance Center

TALF Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility

TARP Troubled Asset Relief Program

TCLP Temporary Credit and Liquidity Program

TFF Treasury Forfeiture Fund

TFFC Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes

TFI Terrorism and Financial Intelligence

TFRP Trust Fund Recovery Penalty

TFS TIER Financial Statements

TFWG Terrorist Financing Working Group

TGA Treasury General Account

TIER Treasury Information Executive Repository

TIGTA Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration

TIPS Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities

TP Tax Policy

TRIA Terrorism Risk Insurance Act

TS1 Transition State 1

TS2 Transition State 2

TSP Thrift Savings Plan

TTB Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

TY Tax Year

UA Unpaid Tax Assessments

UBI Unrelated Business Income

UIC Unemployment Insurance Compensation

ULI Universal Loan Identifier

USIS US Investigation Services

USC United States Code

USPS United States Postal Service

USSGL United States Standard General Ledger

USTR U.S. Trade Representative

VRDO Variable-Rate Demand Obligation
U.S. Department of the Treasury | Fiscal Year 2014

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Glossary of Acronyms

VSBTW Virtual Small Business Tax Workshop

VSD Virtual Service Delivery

WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction
Website Information
 

Treasury www.treasury.gov 

Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau www.ttb.gov 

Bureau of Engraving & Printing www.bep.gov 

Fiscal Service www.fiscal.treasury.gov 

Community Development Financial www.cdfifund.gov 

Institutions Fund 

Financial Crimes Enforcement Network www.fincen.gov 

Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov 

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency www.occ.gov 

U.S. Mint www.usmint.gov 

The Financial Stability Plan www.financialstability.gov 

Making Home Affordable Program www. 

makinghomeaffordable.gov 

The Recovery Act www.recovery.gov 

Office of Inspector General www.treasury.gov/oig 

Treasury Inspector General for Tax www.tigta.gov 

Administration 

Office of the Special Inspector General www.sigtarp.gov 

for the Troubled Asset Relief Program 
www.treasury.gov