EX-4.8



 Exhibit 4.8 

PFENEX INC. 
 TO 

 
  

AS TRUSTEE 
 INDENTURE 

DATED AS OF             , 20 

SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES 







 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
		
	ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION	  	 	1	  
			
	 Section 1.1
	 	 Definitions.
	  	 	1	  
	 Section 1.2
	 	 Compliance Certificates and Opinions.
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 1.3
	 	 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee.
	  	 	9	  
	 Section 1.4
	 	 Acts of Holders; Record Dates.
	  	 	10	  
	 Section 1.5
	 	 Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company.
	  	 	11	  
	 Section 1.6
	 	 Notice to Holders; Waiver.
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.7
	 	 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act.
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.8
	 	 Effect of Headings and Table of Contents.
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.9
	 	 Successors and Assigns.
	  	 	12	  
	 Section 1.10
	 	 Separability Clause.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.11
	 	 Benefits of Indenture.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.12
	 	 Governing Law.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.13
	 	 Legal Holidays.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.14
	 	 Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations.
	  	 	13	  
	 Section 1.15
	 	 Indenture May be Executed in Counterparts.
	  	 	14	  
		
	ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS	  	 	14	  
			
	 Section 2.1
	 	 Forms Generally.
	  	 	14	  
	 Section 2.2
	 	 Form of Legend for Global Securities.
	  	 	14	  
	 Section 2.3
	 	 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication.
	  	 	15	  
		
	ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES	  	 	15	  
			
	 Section 3.1
	 	 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series.
	  	 	15	  
	 Section 3.2
	 	 Denominations.
	  	 	18	  
	 Section 3.3
	 	 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating.
	  	 	18	  
	 Section 3.4
	 	 Temporary Securities.
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 3.5
	 	 Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange.
	  	 	20	  
	 Section 3.6
	 	 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.
	  	 	22	  
	 Section 3.7
	 	 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved.
	  	 	23	  
	 Section 3.8
	 	 Persons Deemed Owners.
	  	 	24	  
	 Section 3.9
	 	 Cancellation.
	  	 	24	  
	 Section 3.10
	 	 Computation of Interest.
	  	 	24	  
		
	ARTICLE 4 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE	  	 	25	  
			
	 Section 4.1
	 	 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
	  	 	25	  
	 Section 4.2
	 	 Application of Trust Money.
	  	 	26	  


  
 -i- 









 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  


							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
		
	ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES	  	 	26	  
			
	 Section 5.1
	 	 Events of Default.
	  	 	26	  
	 Section 5.2
	 	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
	  	 	27	  
	 Section 5.3
	 	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
	  	 	29	  
	 Section 5.4
	 	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 5.5
	 	 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 5.6
	 	 Application of Money Collected.
	  	 	30	  
	 Section 5.7
	 	 Limitation on Suits.
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 5.8
	 	 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert.
	  	 	31	  
	 Section 5.9
	 	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 5.10
	 	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 5.11
	 	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 5.12
	 	 Control by Holders.
	  	 	32	  
	 Section 5.13
	 	 Waiver of Past Defaults.
	  	 	33	  
	 Section 5.14
	 	 Undertaking for Costs.
	  	 	33	  
	 Section 5.15
	 	 Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws.
	  	 	33	  
		
	ARTICLE 6 THE TRUSTEE	  	 	34	  
			
	 Section 6.1
	 	 Certain Duties and Responsibilities.
	  	 	34	  
	 Section 6.2
	 	 Notice of Defaults.
	  	 	34	  
	 Section 6.3
	 	 Certain Rights of Trustee.
	  	 	35	  
	 Section 6.4
	 	 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities.
	  	 	36	  
	 Section 6.5
	 	 May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other Indentures.
	  	 	36	  
	 Section 6.6
	 	 Money Held in Trust.
	  	 	36	  
	 Section 6.7
	 	 Compensation and Reimbursement.
	  	 	36	  
	 Section 6.8
	 	 Conflicting Interests.
	  	 	37	  
	 Section 6.9
	 	 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility.
	  	 	37	  
	 Section 6.10
	 	 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor.
	  	 	37	  
	 Section 6.11
	 	 Acceptance of Appointment by Successor.
	  	 	39	  
	 Section 6.12
	 	 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business.
	  	 	40	  
	 Section 6.13
	 	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
	  	 	40	  
	 Section 6.14
	 	 Appointment of Authenticating Agent.
	  	 	40	  
		
	ARTICLE 7 HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY	  	 	42	  
			
	 Section 7.1
	 	 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders.
	  	 	42	  
	 Section 7.2
	 	 Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders.
	  	 	42	  
	 Section 7.3
	 	 Reports by Trustee.
	  	 	43	  
	 Section 7.4
	 	 Reports by Company.
	  	 	43	  


  
 -ii- 









 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  


							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
		
	ARTICLE 8 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE	  	 	43	  
			
	 Section 8.1
	 	 Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms.
	  	 	43	  
	 Section 8.2
	 	 Successor Substituted.
	  	 	44	  
		
	ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES	  	 	44	  
			
	 Section 9.1
	 	 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders.
	  	 	44	  
	 Section 9.2
	 	 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders.
	  	 	46	  
	 Section 9.3
	 	 Execution of Supplemental Indentures.
	  	 	47	  
	 Section 9.4
	 	 Effect of Supplemental Indentures.
	  	 	47	  
	 Section 9.5
	 	 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act.
	  	 	47	  
	 Section 9.6
	 	 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures.
	  	 	47	  
		
	ARTICLE 10 COVENANTS	  	 	48	  
			
	 Section 10.1
	 	 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest.
	  	 	48	  
	 Section 10.2
	 	 Maintenance of Office or Agency.
	  	 	48	  
	 Section 10.3
	 	 Money for Securities Payments To Be Held in Trust.
	  	 	48	  
	 Section 10.4
	 	 Statement by Officers as to Default.
	  	 	49	  
	 Section 10.5
	 	 Existence.
	  	 	50	  
	 Section 10.6
	 	 Waiver of Certain Covenants.
	  	 	50	  
		
	ARTICLE 11 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES	  	 	50	  
			
	 Section 11.1
	 	 Applicability of Article.
	  	 	50	  
	 Section 11.2
	 	 Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee.
	  	 	50	  
	 Section 11.3
	 	 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed.
	  	 	51	  
	 Section 11.4
	 	 Notice of Redemption.
	  	 	51	  
	 Section 11.5
	 	 Deposit of Redemption Price.
	  	 	52	  
	 Section 11.6
	 	 Securities Payable on Redemption Date.
	  	 	53	  
	 Section 11.7
	 	 Securities Redeemed in Part.
	  	 	53	  
		
	ARTICLE 12 SINKING FUNDS	  	 	53	  
			
	 Section 12.1
	 	 Applicability of Article.
	  	 	53	  
	 Section 12.2
	 	 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 12.3
	 	 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
	  	 	54	  
		
	ARTICLE 13 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE	  	 	54	  
			
	 Section 13.1
	 	 Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.
	  	 	54	  
	 Section 13.2
	 	 Defeasance and Discharge.
	  	 	55	  
	 Section 13.3
	 	 Covenant Defeasance.
	  	 	55	  
	 Section 13.4
	 	 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.
	  	 	56	  
	 Section 13.5
	 	 Deposited Money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign
	  			


  
 -iii- 









 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

(Continued) 
  


							
	 	 	 	  	Page	 
			
		 	 Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions.
	  	 	58	  
	 Section 13.6
	 	 Reinstatement.
	  	 	58	  
		
	ARTICLE 14 CONVERSION OF SECURITIES	  	 	59	  
			
	 Section 14.1
	 	 Conversion.
	  	 	59	  


  
 -iv- 








 Pfenex Inc. 

Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 310 through 318, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939: 

 

			
	Section 310 (a)(1)	 	6.9
	  (a)(2)
	 	6.9
	  (a)(3)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (a)(4)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (b)
	 	6.8, 6.10
	Section 311 (a)	 	6.13
	  (b)
	 	6.13
	Section 312 (a)	 	7.1, 7.2
	  (b)
	 	7.2
	  (c)
	 	7.2
	Section 313 (a)	 	7.3
	  (b)
	 	7.3
	  (c)
	 	7.3
	  (d)
	 	7.3
	Section 314 (a)	 	7.4
	  (a)(4)
	 	10.1, 10.4
	  (b)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (c)(1)
	 	1.2
	  (c)(2)
	 	1.2
	  (c)(3)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (d)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (e)
	 	1.2
	Section 315 (a)	 	6.1
	  (b)
	 	6.2
	  (c)
	 	6.1
	  (d)
	 	6.1
	  (e)
	 	5.14
	Section 316 (a)	 	1.1
	  (a)(1)(A)
	 	5.2, 5.12
	  (a)(1)(B)
	 	5.13
	  (a)(2)
	 	Not Applicable
	  (b)
	 	5.8
	  (c)
	 	1.4
	Section 317 (a)(1)	 	5.3
	  (a)(2)
	 	5.4
	  (b)
	 	10.3
	Section 318 (a)	 	1.7

 NOTE: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Indenture. 

  
 -v- 








 INDENTURE, dated as of
            , 20    , between Pfenex Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (herein called the “Company”),
having its principal executive office at 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, California, 92121 and                     , as Trustee (herein called the
“Trustee”). 
 RECITALS OF THE COMPANY 

The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the “Securities”), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this Indenture. 

All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done. 

The Indenture is subject to, and will be governed by, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be a part of and govern
indentures qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. 
 NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: 

For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for
the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof appertaining, as follows: 
 ARTICLE 1 

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 

Section 1.1 Definitions. 

For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires: 

(1) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular; 

(2) all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings
assigned to them therein; 
 (3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided, the term “generally accepted accounting principles” with respect to any computation required or permitted
hereunder shall mean such accounting principles in the United States of America as are generally accepted at the date of such computation; 







 (4) all references to “$” refer to the lawful currency of the United States of America;

 (5) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an “Article” or a “Section” refers to an Article or a
Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture; and 
 (6) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” and
other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. 

“Act,” when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning specified in Section 1.4. 

“Additional Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 5.2(b). 

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with such specified Person. 
 “Authenticating Agent” means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant
to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series. 
 “Board of Directors”
means either the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of that board empowered to act for it with respect to this Indenture. 

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been
duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. 

“Business Day,” when used with respect to any Place of Payment, means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is
not a day on which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close. 

“Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at
any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. 

“Common Stock” includes any stock of any class of the Company which has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable
in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company and which is not subject to redemption by the Company; provided, however, subject to the provisions of Article 14 and any indenture
supplemental hereto, shares issuable upon conversion of Securities shall include only shares of the class designated as Common Stock of the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any class or classes resulting from any reclassification
or reclassifications thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the
Company; 

  
 -2- 








 
provided, further, that if at any time there shall be more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so issuable shall be substantially in the proportion
which the total number of shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such reclassifications. 

“Company” means the corporation named as the “Company” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Company” shall mean such successor Person. 

“Company Request” or “Company Order” means a written request or order signed by any two of the following in the name of
the Company: the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any executive officer, the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer,
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. 
 “control” when used with respect to any
specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and
“controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. 
 “Corporate Trust Office” means the corporate trust office of
the Trustee at , Attention: Corporate Trust Department, or such other office, designated by the Trustee by written notice to the Company, at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered. 

“corporation” means a corporation, association, company, joint-stock company or business trust. 

“Covenant Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.3. 

“Defaulted Interest” has the meaning specified in Section 3.7. 

“Defeasance” has the meaning specified in Section 13.2. 

“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities, a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as Depositary for such Securities as contemplated by Section 3.1. 

“euro” or “euros” means the currency adopted by those nations participating in the third stage of the economic and
monetary union provisions of the Treaty on European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 7, 1992. 
 “European Economic
Area” means the member nations of the European Economic Area pursuant to the Oporto Agreement on the European Economic Area dated May 2, 1992, as amended. 

  
 -3- 








 “European Union” means the member nations of the European Union established by the
Treaty of European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 7, 1992, which amended the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Community. 

“Event of Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.1. 

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to
time. 
 “Expiration Date” has the meaning specified in Section 1.4. 

“Foreign Government Obligation” means with respect to Securities of any series which are not denominated in the currency of the
United States of America (x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of the government which issued or caused to be issued the currency in which such security is denominated and for the payment of which obligations its full faith and
credit is pledged or, with respect to Securities of any series which are denominated in euros, a direct obligation of any member nation of the European Union for the payment of which obligation the full faith and credit of the respective nation is
pledged so long as such nation has a credit rating at least equal to that of the highest rated member nation of the European Economic Area, or (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality
of a government specified in clause (i) above the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the such government, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option
of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any Foreign Government Obligation which is specified in clause (x) above and
held by such bank for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any Foreign Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that (except as
required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Foreign Government Obligation or the specific
payment of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt. 
 “Global Security” means, with respect to any series of
Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or held by the Trustee as custodian for the Depositary pursuant to a safekeeping agreement with the Depositary, all in accordance with the Indenture, which
shall be registered in global form without interest coupons in the name of the Depositary or its nominee. 
 “Holder” means a
Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Security Register. 
 “Indenture” means this instrument as originally
executed and as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof, including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture, respectively. The term “Indenture” 

  
 -4- 








 
shall also include the terms of particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section 3.1; provided, however, that if at any time more than one Person is
acting as Trustee under this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more separate Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities, “Indenture” shall mean, with respect to such series of Securities for which any such Person
is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof and shall include the terms of
particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section 3.1, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which such Person is not Trustee,
regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after such Person had become such Trustee, but to which such
person, as such Trustee, was not a party; provided, further that in the event that this Indenture is supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities, the
term “Indenture” for a particular series of Securities shall only include the supplemental indentures applicable thereto. 

“interest,” when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount Security, which by its terms bears interest only at Maturity, means
interest payable at Maturity. 
 “Interest Payment Date,” when used with respect to any Security, means the Stated Maturity of an
installment of interest on such Security. 
 “Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 
 “Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security, means the
date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, repurchase at the option of the Holder, upon
redemption or otherwise. 
 “Notice of Default” means a written notice of the kind specified in Section 5.1(4). 

“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by any two of the following in the name of the Company: the Chairman of the
Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any executive officer, the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary, of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officers’ Certificate given pursuant to Section 10.4 shall be the principal executive or principal financial officer of the Company. 

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for, or an employee of, the Company, and who shall be
reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 

  
 -5- 








 “Original Issue Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less
than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2. 

“Outstanding,” when used with respect to Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore
authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except 
 (1) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation; 
 (2) Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the
Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities; provided that, if such Securities are to
be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; 

(3) Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to Section 13.2; and 

(4) Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6 or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been
authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands
such Securities are valid obligations of the Company; 
 provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action hereunder as of any date, (A) the principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security
which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to Section 5.2, (B) if, as of such date,
the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as specified or determined as contemplated by Section 3.1,
(C) the principal amount of a Security denominated in one or more non-U.S. dollar currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as
contemplated by Section 3.1, of the principal amount of such Security (or, in the case of a Security described in clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount determined as provided in such clause), and (D) Securities owned by the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any
such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as
Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act 

  
 -6- 








 
with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor. 

“Paying Agent” means any Person authorized by the Company to pay the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on
behalf of the Company. 
 “Person” means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture,
trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “Place of Payment,” when used
with respect to the Securities of any series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as contemplated by Section 3.1. 

“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that
evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in exchange for or in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security. 
 “Prospectus” means the prospectus (including any
prospectus supplement) used with respect to the offer and sale of the Securities of any series. 
 “Record Date” means any Regular
Record Date or Special Record Date. 
 “Redemption Date,” when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date
fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture. 
 “Redemption Price,” when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this Indenture. 
 “Regular Record Date” for the interest
payable on any Interest Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1. 

“Reporting Default” has the meaning specified in Section 5.2(b). 

“Responsible Officer” means, when used with respect to the Trustee, an officer of the Trustee in the Corporate Trust Office assigned
and duly authorized by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters. 
 “Securities” has the meaning stated in the first
recital of this Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
 “Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. 

  
 -7- 








 “Security Register” and “Security Registrar” have the respective meanings
specified in Section 3.5. 
 “Special Record Date” for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the
Trustee pursuant to Section 3.7. 
 “Stated Maturity,” when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal
thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable. 

“Subsidiary” means a Person of which at least a majority of the outstanding voting stock having the power to elect a majority of the
board of directors of such Person (in the case of a corporation) is, or of which at least a majority of the equity interests (in the case of a Person which is not a corporation) are, at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by
one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, “voting stock” means stock or similar interests to the Company which ordinarily has or have voting power for the
election of directors, or persons performing similar functions, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock or other interests has or have such voting power by reason of any contingency. 

“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed;
provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “Trust Indenture Act” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended. 

“Trustee” means the Person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee
shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person,
“Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series. 

“U.S. Government Obligation” means (x) any security which is (i) a direct obligation of the United States of America for
the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or (ii) an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of
which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y) any depositary receipt
issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the holder of such
depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any
deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest evidenced by such depositary receipt.


  
 -8- 








 Section 1.2 Compliance Certificates and Opinions. 

Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall
furnish to the Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an Officers’ Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in this Indenture. 

Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include, 

(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein
relating thereto; 
 (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or
opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 
 (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has
made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 

(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 

Section 1.3 Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee. 

In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that
all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other
such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. 
 Any
certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know,
that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters,
upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. 

  
 -9- 








 Any such certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company or of counsel may be based, insofar
as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such officer or counsel, as the case may be, knows, that the certificate or
opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion are based are erroneous. 

Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or
other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. 
 Section 1.4 Acts of
Holders; Record Dates. 
 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted
by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein
otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. The Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Company copies of
any such instrument or instruments delivered to the Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the “Act” of the Holders signing such instrument or
instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in
the manner provided in this Section. 
 The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by
the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him or her the
execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his or her individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his or her authority. The fact and date of the execution
of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient. 

The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register. 

Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future
Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security. 
 The Company may set any day as a record date for the
purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, vote, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this


  
 -10- 








 
Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities of such series. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on
such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to
the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any
action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be
construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set
forth in Section 1.6. 
 With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the Company may designate any day as the
“Expiration Date” and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day; provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the Trustee in
writing, and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner set forth in Section 1.6, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this
Section, the Company shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date. 
 Without limiting the foregoing, a
Holder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant
to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount. 
 Section 1.5 Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company.

 Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by
this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with, 
 (1) the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient
for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (or by facsimile transmissions, provided that oral confirmation of receipt shall have been received) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention:
Corporate Trust Department, or 
 (2) the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder (unless
otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed by first-

  
 -11- 








 
class postage prepaid, personally delivered or sent via overnight courier to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument
or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. 

Section 1.6 Notice to Holders; Waiver. 

Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly
provided) if in writing and mailed by first-class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or overnight courier to each Holder affected by such event, at its address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and
not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such notice. Neither the failure to mail or deliver by hand or overnight courier any notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed or delivered by hand or overnight courier,
to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either
before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon
such waiver. 
 In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause it shall be impracticable to
give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder. 

Section 1.7 Conflict with Trust Indenture Act. 

If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of the Trust Indenture Act that is required under the Trust Indenture
Act to be a part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act, that may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be
deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the case may be. 
 Section 1.8 Effect of Headings and Table
of Contents. 
 The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the
construction hereof. 
 Section 1.9 Successors and Assigns. 

All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. 

  
 -12- 








 Section 1.10 Separability Clause. 

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 
 Section 1.11 Benefits of
Indenture. 
 Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties
hereto and their successors hereunder and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture. 

Section 1.12 Governing Law. 

THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Section 1.13 Legal Holidays. 

In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the
right to convert a Security at a particular conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may be, shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities (other than a
provision of any Security which specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) or, if applicable to a particular series of Securities, conversion need not be made
at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, at the Stated Maturity or on such last day
for conversion, as the case may be. 
 Section 1.14 Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations. 

No recourse for the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or interest on any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise
in respect thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby, shall
be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, officer, or director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any successor corporation,
whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a
consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issue of the Securities. 

  
 -13- 








 Section 1.15 Indenture May be Executed in Counterparts. 

This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together
constitute but one and the same instrument. 
 ARTICLE 2 

SECURITY FORMS 

Section 2.1 Forms Generally. 

The Securities of each series shall be in substantially such form as shall be established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution and as set
forth in such Board Resolution (including such terms as set forth in any form of Securities for each series approved by such Board Resolution) or, to the extent established pursuant to rather than set forth in a Board Resolution, in an
Officers’ Certificate detailing such establishment (including any exhibit attached thereto), or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are
required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange or Depositary
therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. If the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution, a
copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order contemplated by Section 3.3 for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities. Any such Board Resolution or record of such action shall have attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security referred to therein approved by or pursuant to such Board Resolution. 

The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as
determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 
 Section 2.2 Form of
Legend for Global Securities. 
 Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for the Securities evidenced thereby,
every Global Security authenticated and delivered hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 
 THIS SECURITY IS A
GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS
SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE. 

  
 -14- 








 Section 2.3 Form of Trustee’s Certificate of Authentication. 

The Trustee’s certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the following form: 

This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

					
	  
	 	,
	as Trustee	 	
			
	By:	 	  
	 	
		 	Authorized Officer	 	


 ARTICLE 3 

THE SECURITIES 

Section 3.1 Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series. 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. 

The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time
authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto or pursuant to an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. Prior to the initial issuance
of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate of the Company, established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, or established in
an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution with respect to the Securities of the series: 
 (1)
the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of the series from Securities of any other series); 
 (2)
any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or
in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to Section 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 and except for any Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder); 

(3) the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one
or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest; 

  
 -15- 








 (4) the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of the series is payable; 

(5) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which any Securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates
from which any such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on any Interest Payment Date (or the method for determining the dates and
rates); 
 (6) the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable;

 (7) the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series
may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the Securities shall be evidenced; 

(8) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous
provisions or any redemption or purchase at the option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in
whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 
 (9) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the
denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be issuable; 
 (10) if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on
any Securities of the series may be determined with reference to an index or pursuant to a formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined; 

(11) if other than the currency of the United States of America, the currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United States of America for any purpose, including for purposes of the definition of
“Outstanding” in Section 1.1; 
 (12) if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the series is to be
payable, at the election of the Company or the Holder thereof, in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies or currency units in which the principal
of or any premium or interest on such Securities as to which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount so payable (or the manner in which such
amount shall be determined); 

  
 -16- 








 (13) the percentage of the principal amount at which the Securities will be issued, and, if other
than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2; 

(14) if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more
dates prior to the Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such Securities as of any such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable
upon any Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);

 (15) if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section 13.2
or Section 13.3 or both such Sections, or any other defeasance provisions applicable to any Securities of the series, and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities shall be
evidenced; 
 (16) if applicable, the terms of any right to convert or exchange Securities of the series; 

(17) if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and,
in such case, the respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in lieu of that set forth in Section 2.2 and any circumstances in
addition to or in lieu of those set forth in clause (2) of the last paragraph of Section 3.5 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in
whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof; 

(18) any addition to or deletion of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the series and any change in the
right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 5.2; 

(19) any addition to or deletion of or change in the covenants set forth in Article 10 which applies to Securities of the series; 

(20) any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, Security Registrars or such other agents necessary in connection with the issuance of the
Securities of such series, including, without limitation, exchange rate agents and calculation agents; 
 (21) if applicable, the terms of
any security that will be provided for a series of Securities, including any provisions regarding the circumstances under which collateral may be released or substituted; 

  
 -17- 








 (22) if applicable, the terms of any guaranties for the Securities and any circumstances under
which there may be additional obligors on the Securities; 
 (23) any provisions granting special rights to holders when a specified event
occurs; 
 (24) any provisions with respect to any special interest premium or other premium; 

(25) any special tax provisions that apply to any series of Securities; 

(26) with respect to any series of Securities that do not bear interest, the date for certain required reports to the Trustee; 

(27) any and all additional, eliminated or changed terms that will apply to such series of Securities; and 

(28) any other terms of the series of Securities (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, except as
permitted by Section 9.1(5)). 
 All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except
as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section 3.3) set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers’ Certificate (including any exhibit attached thereto)
referred to above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto. 
 If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken
pursuant to a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate
(including any exhibit attached thereto) setting forth the terms of the series. 
 Section 3.2 Denominations. 

The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified
as contemplated by Section 3.1. In the absence of any such specified denomination with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. 

Section 3.3 Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating. 

The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive
Officer, its principal financial officer, its principal accounting officer, its President or one of its executive officers, and attested by its Treasurer, its Secretary or one of its Assistant Treasurers or Assistant Secretaries. The signature of
any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. 

  
 -18- 








 Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the
proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such
Securities. 
 At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of
any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such
Securities. If the form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1, in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional
responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, a certified copy of such Board Resolution, an Officers’
Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto setting forth the terms of the series and an Opinion of Counsel (which opinion of Counsel may contain customary qualifications and exceptions), with such Opinion of Counsel stating, 

(1) if the form of such Securities has been established by or pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 2.1, that such form
has been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; 
 (2) if the terms of such Securities have been established by or
pursuant to Board Resolution as permitted by Section 3.1, that such terms have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and 

(3) that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any
conditions specified in such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar
laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles. 
 If such form or terms
have been so established, the Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this
Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. 
 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 3.1
and of this Section 3.3, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver an Officers’ Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto otherwise required pursuant to
Section 3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of Counsel otherwise required pursuant to this Section 3.3 at or prior to the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication
upon original issuance of the first Security of such series to be issued. 

  
 -19- 








 Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. 

No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such
Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has
been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the
Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.9, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. 

Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any defect in the CUSIP number that appears on any Security, check,
advice of payment or redemption notice, and any such document may contain a statement to the effect that CUSIP numbers have been assigned by an independent service for convenience of reference and that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be
liable for any inaccuracy in such numbers. 
 Section 3.4 Temporary Securities. 

Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate
and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. 

If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without
unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall
authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of any series shall in
all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor. 
 Section 3.5
Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange. 
 The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee
a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes collectively referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable
regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the 

  
 -20- 








 
registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee is hereby appointed “Security Registrar” for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as
herein provided. 
 Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at the office or agency of the Company in a
Place of Payment for that series, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and
of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. 
 At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for other Securities
of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company
shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. 

All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing
the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. 

Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be
duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in writing. 

No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum
sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 3.4, 9.6 or 11.7 not involving any transfer. 

If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are to be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required
(A) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice
of redemption of any such Securities selected for redemption under Section 11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, or (B) to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole
or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Security being redeemed in part. 
 The provisions of clauses (1), (2), (3) and
(4) below shall apply only to Global Securities: 
 (1) Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered in
the name of the Depositary designated for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of
this Indenture. 

  
 -21- 








 (2) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security may be exchanged in
whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary
(i) has notified the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, (B) there shall have occurred and be
continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global Security or (C) there shall exist such circumstances, if any, in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been specified for this purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1.

 (3) Subject to clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global Security for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all
Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct. 

(4) Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any
portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Section 3.4, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person
other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof. 
 Section 3.6 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
Securities. 
 If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona
fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not
contemporaneously outstanding. 
 In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and
payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 
 Upon the issuance of any new Security
under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected
therewith. 

  
 -22- 








 Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost
or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this
Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder. 
 The provisions of this
Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. 

Section 3.7 Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved. 

Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of Securities, interest on any Security which is
payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for
such interest. 
 Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company,
at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1) or (2) below: 
 (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any
Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be
fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment,
such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall
be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such
Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be given to each Holder of Securities of such series in the manner
set forth in Section 1.6, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been so given, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the
Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following clause (2). 

  
 -23- 








 (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of any series in any
other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the
proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. 
 Subject to the foregoing
provisions of this Section, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by
such other Security. 
 Section 3.8 Persons Deemed Owners. 

Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may
treat the Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7) any interest on such Security and for all other purposes
whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 

Section 3.9 Cancellation. 

All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall,
if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered
hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company has not
issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this
Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary procedures. 

Section 3.10 Computation of Interest. 

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of any series, interest on the Securities of each series
shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 

  
 -24- 








 ARTICLE 4 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE 

Section 4.1 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or
exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 

(1) either 
 (A) all Securities
theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.6 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore
been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Trustee or the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 

(B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation 

(i) have become due and payable, or 

(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or 

(iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption
by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 
 and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or
caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal
and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be; 

(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and 

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. 

  
 -25- 








 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company
to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the
obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive. 
 Section 4.2
Application of Trust Money. 
 Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its
own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee. 

ARTICLE 5 
 REMEDIES

 Section 5.1 Events of Default. 

“Event of Default,” wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events
(whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or
governmental body), unless in the Board Resolution (or an Officers’ Certificate detailing such establishment pursuant to such Board Resolution) or supplemental indenture establishing such series, it is provided that such series shall not have
the benefit of said Event of Default: 
 (1) default in the payment of the principal or the Redemption Price of or any premium on any
Security of that series at its Maturity; or 
 (2) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when it becomes
due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; or 
 (3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when
and as due by the terms of a Security of that series; or 
 (4) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the
Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of series
of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of
at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series a written 

  
 -26- 








 
notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; or 

(5) the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A) a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an
involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (B) a decree or order adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition
seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of
the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90
consecutive days; or 
 (6) the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary
case or proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or
consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as
they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action; or 
 (7) any other Event of Default
provided with respect to Securities of that series in the Board Resolution (or in an Officers’ Certificate detailing such establishment pursuant to such Board Resolution) or supplemental indenture establishing that series. 

Section 5.2 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. 

(a) Unless the Board Resolution (or Officers’ Certificate detailing such establishment pursuant to such Board Resolution) or supplemental
indenture establishing such series provides otherwise, if an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or 5.1(6)) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then
in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that series are
Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof), and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, to be due and payable
immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount), and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
thereon, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of 

  
 -27- 








 
Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or 5.1(6) with respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any
Securities of that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof), and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon,
shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable. 

(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the election of the Company, the sole remedy with respect to an Event of Default for the failure by the
Company to comply with its obligations under Section 314(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act relating to the Company’s failure to file any documents or reports that the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act or of its covenants set forth in Section 7.4 (any such Event of Default, a “Reporting Default”), shall for the first 180 calendar days after the occurrence of such Reporting Default consist exclusively of the
right to receive additional interest (the “Additional Interest”) on the Securities at an annual rate equal to (i) 0.25% of the principal amount of the Securities for the first 90 calendar days after the occurrence of such Reporting
Default and (ii) 0.50% of the principal amount of the Securities from the 91st day to, and including, the 180th day after the occurrence of such Reporting Default. If the Company so elects, the Additional Interest shall accrue on all
Outstanding Securities from and including the date on which such Reporting Default first occurs until such violation is cured or waived and shall be payable as provided in Section 3.7. On the 181st day after such Reporting Default (if such
violation is not cured or waived prior to such 181st calendar day), then the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding securities may declare the principal of, and premium, if any, together with accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, on all such Securities to be due and payable immediately. 
 If the Company elects to pay the Additional Interest
as the sole remedy for the Reporting Default, the Company shall notify in writing, by a certificate, the Holders, the Paying Agent and the Trustee of such election at any time on or before the close of business on the first Business Day following
the date on which such Event of Default first occurs. Unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee receives at the Corporate Trust Office such a certificate, the Trustee may assume without inquiry that Additional Interest is not payable.
The Company shall pay the Additional Interest semi-annually in arrears, with the first semi-annual payment due on the first Interest Payment Date following the date of such Reporting Default, in the same manner as described on the face of the
Security. 
 (c) At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to Securities of any series has been made and before a
judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company
and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if 
 (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a
sum sufficient to pay 
 (A) all overdue interest on all Securities of that series, 

  
 -28- 








 (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that series which have become
due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, 

(C) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
Securities, and 
 (D) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and 
 (2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than the
non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13. 

No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 5.3 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee. 

The Company covenants that if 

(1) default is made in the payment of the principal or the Redemption Price of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof,
or 
 (2) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default
continues for a period of 30 days, 
 the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue interest, at
the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances
of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
 If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is continuing, the
Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such
rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

  
 -29- 








 Section 5.4 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 

In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the
Trustee shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In
particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other
similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee
any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7. 

No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder
any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided,
however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors’ or other similar committee. 

Section 5.5 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities. 

All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of
any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after
provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

 Section 5.6 Application of Money Collected. 

Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee
and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 

FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 6.7; 

SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and any premium, if any, and interest on the Securities in respect
of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium, if any, and interest, respectively;
and 

  
 -30- 








 THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company or any other Person or Persons entitled thereto. 

Section 5.7 Limitation on Suits. 

No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this
Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 
 (1) such Holder has previously
given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series; 
 (2) the Holders of at
least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in
compliance with such request; 
 (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to
institute any such proceeding; and 
 (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such
60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; 
 it being understood and intended that no one
or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority
or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all of such Holders. 

Section 5.8 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert. 

Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional,
to receive payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section 3.7) interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), to convert
such Securities in accordance with Article 14 to the extent that such right to convert is applicable to such Security, and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of
such Holder. 

  
 -31- 








 Section 5.9 Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 

If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been
discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. 

Section 5.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative. 

Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last
paragraph of Section 3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent
assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
 Section 5.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 

No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default
shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations contained in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be. 

Section 5.12 Control by Holders. 

The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such series, provided that 

(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture and the Trustee shall not have determined that the
action so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to Holders of Securities of that series, or any other series, not taking part in such direction; and 

(2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction or this Indenture. 

  
 -32- 








 Section 5.13 Waiver of Past Defaults. 

The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all
the Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except 
 (1) a default in
the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable by the terms thereof, otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient
to pay all matured installments of interest, principal and premium, if any, has been deposited with the Trustee), or 
 (2) to the extent
such right is applicable to such Security, a failure by the Company on request to convert any Security into Common Stock; or 
 (3) in
respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 9 cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected. 

Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for
every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 5.14 Undertaking for Costs. 

In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered
or omitted by it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust
Indenture Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company. 

This Section does not apply to a suit by a Holder to enforce payment of principal of or interest on any Security on the respective due dates,
a suit by a Holder to enforce the right to convert in any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with Article 14 to the extent such right to convert is applicable to such Security, or a suit by Holders of
more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities. 
 Section 5.15 Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws. 

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner
whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that
it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that 

  
 -33- 








 
it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.

 ARTICLE 6 
 THE
TRUSTEE 
 Section 6.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities. 

The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act and as set forth herein. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it
shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating
to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section. 

Section 6.2 Notice of Defaults. 

If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series, the Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice
of such default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act; provided, however, that except in the case of a default in the payment of principal or Redemption Price of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of
such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment or any conversion right applicable to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as a trust committee of directors and/or
Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the holders of Securities of such series; provided, further, however, that in the case of any default of the
character specified in Section 5.1(4) with respect to Securities of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term “default” means
any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series. 

Except with respect to Section 10.1, the Trustee shall have no duty to inquire as to the performance of the Company with respect to the
covenants contained in Article 10. In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of an Event of Default except (i) any Default or Event of Default occurring pursuant to Sections 5.1(1), 5.1(2) and 5.1(3) (defaults in
payments on the Securities) or (ii) any Default or Event of Default of which the Trustee shall have received written notification or obtained actual knowledge. 

Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under Section 7.4 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s
receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained 

  
 -34- 








 
therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on Officers’ Certificates). 

Section 6.3 Certain Rights of Trustee. 

Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1: 

(1) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting
upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been
signed or presented by the proper party or parties; 
 (2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently
evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; 

(3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to
taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) is entitled to and may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers’ Certificate; 

(4) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete
authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; 

(5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or
direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such
request or direction; 
 (6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or
investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or
attorney; and 
 (7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or
through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. 

  
 -35- 








 Section 6.4 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities. 

The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee’s certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the
statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity, sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the
Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof. 

Section 6.5 May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other Indentures. 

The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any
other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security
Registrar or such other agent. 
 Subject to the limitations imposed by the Trust Indenture Act, nothing in this Indenture shall prohibit
the Trustee from becoming and acting as trustee under other indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest of participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding in the same manner as if it were not Trustee
hereunder. 
 Section 6.6 Money Held in Trust. 

Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall
be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company. 
 Section 6.7
Compensation and Reimbursement. 
 The Company agrees: 

(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be
limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); 
 (2) except as otherwise expressly
provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the
expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and 

(3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on
its part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of 

  
 -36- 








 
defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. 

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(5) or Section 5.1(6) hereof
occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law.

 Section 6.8 Conflicting Interests. 

If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act and there is an Event of Default
under the Securities of that series, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by
the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of more than one series. 

Section 6.9 Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility. 

There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder
for Securities of one or more other series. 
 Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as
such and has (or if the Trustee is a member of a bank holding company system, its bank holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such Person or bank holding company publishes reports of condition at least
annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person or bank holding
company shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article. 

Section 6.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor. 

No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the
acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11. 
 The Trustee may
resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section 6.11 shall not have been delivered to the
Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

  
 -37- 








 The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any series by Act of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. 
 If
at any time: 
 (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder
who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or 
 (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under
Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or 
 (3) the Trustee shall
become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the
purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, 
 then, in any such case, (A) the Company by a Board Resolution may remove the Trustee with
respect to all Securities, or (B) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. 
 If the
Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a
successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series and that at any time there
shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such
vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the
successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 6.11, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner required by
Section 6.11, the retiring Trustee may petition, or any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may petition, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series. 

  
 -38- 








 The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee with respect to
the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section 1.6. Each notice shall include the name of the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. 
 Section 6.11
Acceptance of Appointment by Successor. 
 In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to all Securities,
every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring
Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all
property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. 
 In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor
Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring
Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be
deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in
the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that
nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder
administered by any other such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee,
without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities
of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates. 

  
 -39- 








 Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for
more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be. 

No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible
under this Article. 
 Section 6.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business. 

Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture),
shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto.
In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so
authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities. In the event that any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and
deliver such Securities in either its own name or that of such predecessor Trustee, with the full force and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of the Trustee. 

Section 6.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. 

If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject
to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). 

Section 6.14 Appointment of Authenticating Agent. 

The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on
behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the
Trustee’s certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia,
authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having (or if the Authenticating Agent is a member of a bank holding company system, its bank 

  
 -40- 








 
holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes
reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section. 
 Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be
merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or
corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on
the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent. 
 An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to
the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a
termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall
give notice of such appointment in the manner provided in Section 1.6 to all Holders of Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will serve. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment
hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the
provisions of this Section. 
 The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its
services under this Section, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.7. 

If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this Section 6.14, the Securities of such series may have
endorsed thereon, in lieu of the Trustee’s certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of authentication in the following form: 

This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture. 

 

			
	  
	 	,
	as Trustee	 	


 
			
		
	By:	 	  




  
 -41- 








 
			
		 	As Authenticating Agent
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Authorized Officer


 ARTICLE 7 

HOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY 

Section 7.1 Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders. 

The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee 

(1) semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record Date for each respective series of Securities, a list, in such form as the
Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of each series as of such Regular Record Date, as the case may be, or if there is no Regular Record Date for such series of Securities, semi-annually, and 

(2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of
similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; 
 provided that no such list need be furnished
by the Company to the Trustee so long as the Trustee is acting as Security Registrar. 
 Section 7.2 Preservation of Information;
Communications to Holders. 
 The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of
Holders contained in the most recent list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it
as provided in Section 7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. 
 The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with
respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust Indenture Act. 

Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the
Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. 

  
 -42- 








 Section 7.3 Reports by Trustee. 

The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to
the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. 
 Reports so required to be transmitted at stated
intervals of not more than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than July 15 in each calendar year, commencing with the first July 15 after the first issuance of Securities pursuant to this Indenture. 

A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange. 

Section 7.4 Reports by Company. 

Any information, documents or other reports that the Company shall file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is filed with the Commission; provided that any such information, documents or reports filed or furnished with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data
Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee as of the time such information, documents or reports are filed or furnished via EDGAR. 

ARTICLE 8 

CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE 

Section 8.1 Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms. 

The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company) (in a transaction in which the
Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person (other than a Subsidiary of the Company), unless: 

(1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person (in a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving
corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or
which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, trust or other business entity, shall be organized and validly existing under the laws of the United
States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the
principal of and any premium and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of 

  
 -43- 








 
every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed and the conversion rights shall be provided for in accordance with Article 14, if applicable, or as
otherwise specified pursuant to Section 3.1, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee, executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than the Company) formed by such consolidation or into which the Company
shall have been merged or by the Person which shall have acquired the Company’s assets; 
 (2) immediately after giving effect to such
transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing; and 

(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation,
merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such
transaction have been complied with. 
 Section 8.2 Successor Substituted. 

Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the
properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall
succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in the case of a lease, the
predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities. 
 ARTICLE 9 

SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES 

Section 9.1 Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders. 

Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time,
may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: 
 (1) to
evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive successions, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities in compliance with Article 8; or 

(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be
for the benefit of less than all series of 

  
 -44- 








 
Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; or 

(3) to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events
of Default are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series); or 

(4) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of
Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form; or 

(5) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided
that any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the
rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or 

(6) to secure the Securities, including provisions regarding the circumstances under which collateral may be released or substituted; or 

(7) to add or provide for a guaranty of the Securities or additional obligors on the Securities; or 

(8) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1; or 

(9) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11; or 

(10) to conform this Indenture to the description of the Securities set forth in the Prospectus for such series of Securities; or 

(11) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision
herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture; or 
 (12) to supplement any of
the provisions of the Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Articles 4 and 13, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the
interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material respect; or 

  
 -45- 








 (13) make such other provisions in regards to matters or questions arising under the Indenture or
any supplemental indenture hereto as the Board of Directors may deem necessary or desirable, and which does not in each case adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities or any series; or 

(14) comply with requirements of the Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust indenture
Act. 
 Section 9.2 Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders. 

With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental
indenture, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to
or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental
indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, 
 (1) change the Stated Maturity of the
principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the redemption or repurchase thereof, whether at the option of the
Company or at the option of the Holder, or reduce the amount of any sinking fund payments, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security or any other Security which would be due and payable upon a declaration of
acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2 of the Indenture, or change the Place of Payment or currency in which, any Security or any premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or 

(2) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible into Common Stock or other securities of the Company pursuant to
Article 14 and any supplemental indenture hereto, adversely affect the rights of the Holders to convert any of the Securities of such series other than as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any supplemental indenture, or 

(3) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any
such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or 

(4) modify any of the provisions of this Section or Section 5.13, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other
provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby; provided, however, that this clause shall not be deemed to require the consent of any Holder
with 

  
 -46- 








 
respect to changes in the references to “the Trustee” and concomitant changes in this Section, or the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of Sections 6.11
and 9.1(9). 
 A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other provision of this Indenture which has expressly
been included solely for the benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights
under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series. 
 It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this
Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. 

Section 9.3 Execution of Supplemental Indentures. 

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby
of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Sections 6.1 and 6.3) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. 

Section 9.4 Effect of Supplemental Indentures. 

Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such
supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 

Section 9.5 Conformity with Trust Indenture Act. 

The Indenture shall incorporate and be governed by the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of and to govern
indentures qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. 
 Section 9.6 Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures. 

Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall
if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of
the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series. 

  
 -47- 








 ARTICLE 10 

COVENANTS 

Section 10.1 Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest. 

The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any
premium and interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the Securities and this Indenture. 

Section 10.2 Maintenance of Office or Agency. 

The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be
presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series may be surrendered for conversion to the extent that such right to convert is
applicable to such Security and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change
in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be
made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. Unless otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture or
pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof, the Place of Payment for any series of Securities shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be
presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office
or agency. 
 Section 10.3 Money for Securities Payments To Be Held in Trust. 

If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of
the principal of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due until
such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 

Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal
of or any premium or interest on any Securities of 

  
 -48- 








 
that series, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company
will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act. 
 The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of
Securities other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1) comply with the provisions
of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2) during the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the Securities of
that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in respect of the Securities of that series. 

The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or
by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money. 

Any amounts deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for a period ending on the earlier of the date that is ten Business Days prior to the date such money would escheat to the State or two years after such principal, premium or
interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only
to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee
or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general
circulation in each Place of Payment, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will
be repaid to the Company. 
 Section 10.4 Statement by Officers as to Default. 

The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an
Officers’ Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any
period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. The fiscal year


  
 -49- 








 
of the Company currently ends on December 31; and the Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of any change of its fiscal year. 

Section 10.5 Existence. 

Subject to Article 8, the Company will do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its
existence. 
 Section 10.6 Waiver of Certain Covenants. 

Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the
Securities of any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to Section 3.1(19) or 9.1(2), for the benefit of the Holders of such series if before the time
for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such term,
provision or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the
Trustee in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 
 ARTICLE 11 

REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES 

Section 11.1 Applicability of Article. 

Securities of any series that are redeemable before their Stated Maturity shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities) in accordance with this Article. 
 Section 11.2
Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee. 
 The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution
or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any such redemption affecting only a single
Security), the Company shall, at least 45 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee or is specified in the Board Resolution (or in an Officers’ Certificate pursuant to
such Board Resolution detailing such establishment) or supplemental indenture establishing such series), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and, if applicable, of the tenor
of the Securities to be redeemed. 

  
 -50- 








 Section 11.3 Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed. 

If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be
redeemed or unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series not
previously called for redemption, by lot, or in the Trustee’s discretion, on a pro-rata basis, provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less
than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. If less than all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed
shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence. 

If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part before termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of
the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities that have been converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by
the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection. 
 The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. 

The provisions of the three preceding paragraphs shall not apply with respect to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such
Security is to be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such redemption in part, the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security. 
 For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to
the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be redeemed. 

Section 11.4 Notice of Redemption. 

Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section 1.6 not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption
Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in the Security Register or, if the Securities are held in book-entry form, sent by electronic
transmission. 

  
 -51- 








 All notices of redemption shall state: 

(1) the Redemption Date, 
 (2)
the Redemption Price (including accrued interest, if any), 
 (3) if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of
more than a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding Securities of
any series consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed, 
 (4) in
case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of the Security, the Holder of such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the
principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed; 
 (5) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each
such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date, 
 (6) the place or
places where each such Security is to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price, 
 (7) if applicable, the conversion price or the
conversion rate, as the case may be, the date on which the right to convert the principal of the Securities or the portions thereof to be redeemed will terminate, and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion, 

(8) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and 

(9) the CUSIP number or numbers and/or common code(s) of the Security being redeemed. 

Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company’s
request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be irrevocable. 
 Section 11.5 Deposit of
Redemption Price. 
 On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the
Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued
interest, if any, on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date. 

  
 -52- 








 To the extent such Security of a series is convertible pursuant to Article 14, upon
conversion of any such Security called for redemption, any money deposited with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for the redemption of such Security shall (subject to the right of any Holder of such Security to
receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of Section 3.7) be paid to the Company on Company Request, or if then held by the Company, shall be discharged from such trust. 

Section 11.6 Securities Payable on Redemption Date. 

Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at
the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest, if any) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such
Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest, if any, to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the
close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.7. 
 If any Security called
for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security. 

Section 11.7 Securities Redeemed in Part. 

Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so
requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal amount equal
to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Security so surrendered. 
 ARTICLE 12 

SINKING FUNDS 

Section 12.1 Applicability of Article. 

The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities. 

  
 -53- 








 The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of any Securities is
herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for
by the terms of any Securities, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities as provided for by the terms of such
Securities. 
 Section 12.2 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. 

The Company (1) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other than any previously called for redemption) and (2) may apply
as a credit Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to any Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the extent provided for by the terms of such
Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited have not been previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price, as specified in the
Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. 

Section 12.3 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. 

Not fewer than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which
is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to Section 12.2 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not fewer than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date, the Trustee shall
select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in
Section 11.4. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 11.6 and 11.7. 

ARTICLE 13 
 DEFEASANCE
AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE 
 Section 13.1 Company’s Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 

The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 applied to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, designated pursuant to Section 3.1 as being defeasible pursuant to such Section 13.2 or 13.3, in accordance with any 

  
 -54- 








 
applicable requirements provided pursuant to Section 3.1 and upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced by a Board Resolution
or in another manner specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for such Securities. 
 Section 13.2 Defeasance and Discharge.

 Upon the Company’s exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities,
as the case may be, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter
called “Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such
Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated
or discharged hereunder: 
 (1) the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in
Section 13.4 and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities when payments are due, 

(2) the Company’s obligations with respect to such Securities under Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3, and, if applicable,
Article 14, 
 (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder, and 

(4) this Article. 
 Subject to
compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section 13.3 applied to such Securities. 

Section 13.3 Covenant Defeasance. 

Upon the Company’s exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the
case may be, 
 (1) the Company shall be released from any covenants provided pursuant to Sections 3.1(19) or 9.1(2) for the benefit of
the Holders of such Securities and 
 (2) the occurrence of any event specified in Section 5.1(4) (with respect to any such covenants
provided pursuant to Section 3.1(19) or 9.1(2)) and the occurrence of any other Event of Default specified pursuant to Section 3.1 shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default, 

  
 -55- 








 in each case with respect to such Securities or any series of Securities as provided in this Section on and after
the date the conditions set forth in Section 13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called “Covenant Defeasance”). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with
and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of Section 5.1(4) and the occurrence of any other Event of Default specified
pursuant to Section 3.1), whether directly or indirectly by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or by reason of any reference in any such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the remainder
of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby. 
 Section 13.4 Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.

 The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section 13.2 or Section 13.3 to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be: 
 (1) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee (or another
trustee which satisfies the requirements contemplated by Section 6.9 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this Article applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as
security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities, 
 (A) in the case of Securities of a series
denominated in currency of the United States of America, 
 (i) cash in currency of the United States of America in an amount, or 

(ii) U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or 
 (iii) a combination thereof, or

 (B) in the case of Securities of a series denominated in currency other than that of the United States of America, 

(i) cash in the currency in which such series of Securities is denominated in an amount, or 

(ii) Foreign Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or 
 (iii) a combination thereof, 

  
 -56- 








 in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the principal of and any premium and interest on such
Securities on the respective Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such Securities. 
 (2) In the event of
an election to have Section 13.2 apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that (A) the Company has received from, or there has
been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (B) since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such
opinion shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to occur. 

(3) In the event of an election to have Section 13.3 apply to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the Company
shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with
respect to such Securities and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant Defeasance were not to occur. 

(4) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate to the effect that neither such Securities nor any other
Securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit. 
 (5) No event
which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any other Securities shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to any such event
specified in Sections 5.1(5) and (6), at any time on or prior to the 90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th day). 

(6) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust
Indenture Act (assuming all Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act). 
 (7) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall
not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound. 

(8) Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within
the meaning of the Investment 

  
 -57- 








 
Company Act unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder. 

(9) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions
precedent with respect to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. 
 Section 13.5 Deposited Money, U.S.
Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions. 
 Subject to the provisions of
the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely for purposes of this Section and
Section 13.6, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the “Trustee”) pursuant to Section 13.4 in respect of any Securities shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the
provisions of such Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums
due and to become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but money so held in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any
tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section 13.4 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee
or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding Securities. Anything in this Article to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money,
U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section 13.4 with respect to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written
certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect to such Securities. 

Section 13.6 Reinstatement. 

If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of
any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or released
pursuant to Section 13.2 or 13.3 shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all money held in
trust pursuant to Section 13.5 with respect to such Securities in accordance with this Article; provided, however, that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest on any such Security following
such reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust. 

  
 -58- 








 ARTICLE 14 

CONVERSION OF SECURITIES 

Section 14.1 Conversion. 

The terms of any conversion provision that shall be applicable to the Securities of any series shall be set forth in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto for the Securities of such series. 
 [Remainder of page intentionally left blank] 

  
 -59- 








 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of the
day and year first above written. 
  

			
	Pfenex Inc.
		
	By:	 	  

		
	Title:	 	  

	
	  

	as Trustee
		
	By:	 	  

		
	Title: