FI L ED

U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S

EL EVENTH CI RCUI T

Oct. 21, 2009

THOMAS K. KAH

N

CL ERK [ D O N O T P U B L I S H ]

I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C I R C U I T

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o

. 0 9

- 1 0 4 7 7

N o n

- A r g u m e n t C a l e n d a r

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D

. C

. D o c k e t N o

. 9 5

- 0 0 0 3 0

- C R

- C D L

- 4

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A

,

P l a i n t i f f

- A p p e l l e e

,

v e r s u s

P I E R R E J

. C A N N O N

,

D e f e n d a n t

- A p p e l l a n t

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A p p e a l f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t

f o r t h e M i d d l e D i s t r i c t o f G e o r g i a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

( O c t o b e r 2 1

, 2 0 0 9 )

B e f o r e E D M O N D S O N

, W I L S O N a n d F A Y

, C i r c u i t J u d g e s

.P E R C U R I A M :

P i e r r e C a n n o n

, a p r o s e f e d e r a l p r i s o n e r

, a p p e a l s t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s r u l i n g o n

h i s 1 8 U

. S

. C

. § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) m o t i o n t o r e d u c e s e n t e n c e

. R e v e r s i b l e e r r o r h a s b e e n

s h o w n ; w e v a c a t e a n d r e m a n d f o r a d d i t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n a n d e x p l a n a t i o n b y t h e

d i s t r i c t c o u r t

. 1

C a n n o n ’ s o r i g i n a l g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e w a s 2 1 0 t o 2 4 0 m o n t h s ’ i m p r i s o n m e n t

o n h i s r o b b e r y o f

f e n s e s a n d 2 3 5 t o 2 9 3 m o n t h s o n h i s c a r j a c k i n g o f

f e n s e

. T h e

d i s t r i c t c o u r t s e n t e n c e d h i m t o 2 4 0 m o n t h s o n t h e r o b b e r y c o u n t s a n d t o 2 9 3

m o n t h s o n t h e c a r

j a c k i n g c o u n t

, t o r u n c o n c u r r e n t l y

. I n h i s s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) 2

m o t i o n

, C a n n o n s o u g h t a s e n t e n c e r e d u c t i o n p u r s u a n t t o A m e n d m e n t 5 9 9 t o t h e

g u i d e l i n e s

, w h i c h r e t r o a c t i v e l y p r o h i b i t e d t h e w e a p o n s e n h a n c e m e n t s h e r e c e i v e d

o n t h e r o b b e r y a n d c a r

j a c k i n g c o u n t s

. T h e g o v e r n m e n t a c k n o w l e d g e d t h a t

A m e n d m e n t 5 9 9 l o w e r e d t h e g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e s o n t h e t h e s e c o u n t s t o 1 2 1 t o 1 5 1

m o n t h s

.

T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t r e f

e r r e d C a n n o n ’ s m o t i o n t o a m a g i s t r a t e j u d g e ; b u t b e f o r e

We review de novo the district cour t’s leg al conc lusions about the scope of its authority 1

under the Sentencing Guidelines in a sec tion 3582(c)( 2) proc eeding . United States v. Whit e, 305

F.3d 1264, 1267 ( 11th Cir. 2002). I f a se ntence reduc tion is authoriz ed, we revie w the district

court’s de cision to gr ant or de ny a re duction for a

n abuse of

discretion. I d.

Cannon was subjec t to mandatory minimum s on cer

tain firea rm counts to run 2

consec utive to his robbery and ca rjac king se ntence s. His total sentence was 1,313 months. The

instant moti on conce rns only the robbe ry

and ca rjac king se ntencing rang es.

2t h e m a g i s t r a t e i s s u e d a r e p o r t a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n

, t h e c o u r t i s s u e d a “ N o t i c e o f

N e e d t o A m e n d C r i m i n a l J u d g m e n t

. ” T h e n o t i c e d i r e c t e d t h e c l e r k t o p r e p a r e a n

a m e n d e d j u d g m e n t p u r s u a n t t o C a n n o n ’ s s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) m o t i o n a n d l i s t e d t h e

r e d u c e d s e n t e n c e s a s 1 5 1 m o n t h s o n t h e r o b b e r y a n d c a r j a c k i n g c o u n t s

. T h e n o t i c e

c o n t a i n e d n o o t h e r s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t t h e r e d u c e d s e n t e n c e

.

U n d e r s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

, a d i s t r i c t c o u r t h a s d i s c r e t i o n t o r e d u c e a t e r m o f

i m p r i s o n m e n t o f a n a l r e a d y i n c a r c e r a t e d d e f e n d a n t i f t h a t d e f

e n d a n t “ h a s b e e n

s e n t e n c e d t o a t e r m o f i m p r i s o n m e n t b a s e d o n a s e n t e n c i n g r a n g e t h a t h a s

s u b s e q u e n t l y b e e n l o w e r e d b y t h e S e n t e n c i n g C o m m i s s i o n

. ” 1 8 U

. S

. C

. §

3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) ; s e e a l s o U

. S

. S

. G

. § 1 B 1

. 1 0 ( a ) ( 1 )

. I n c o n s i d e r i n g a s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 )

m o t i o n

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t e n g a g e s i n a t w o

- s t e p p r o c e s s

. F i r s t

, t h e c o u r t m u s t

“ r e c a l c u l a t e t h e s e n t e n c e u n d e r t h e a m e n d e d g u i d e l i n e s

, f i r s t d e t e r m i n i n g a n e w

b a s e l e v e l b y s u b s t i t u t i n g t h e a m e n d e d g u i d e l i n e r a n g e f o r t h e o r i g i n a l l y a p p l i e d

g u i d e l i n e r a n g e

, a n d t h e n u s i n g t h a t n e w b a s e l e v e l t o d e t e r m i n e w h a t u l t i m a t e

s e n t e n c e i t w o u l d h a v e i m p o s e d

. ” U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. B r a v o

, 2 0 3 F

. 3 d 7 7 8

, 7 8 0 ( 1 1 t h

C i r

. 2 0 0 0 )

. A b o u t t h e f i r s t s t e p

, n o d i s p u t e e x i s t s t h a t A m e n d m e n t 5 9 9 a p p l i e d t o

C a n n o n a n d t h a t h i s a m e n d e d g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e w a s 1 2 1 t o 1 5 1 m o n t h s

.

I n t h e s e c o n d s t e p

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t m u s t d e c i d e

, i n t h e l i g h t o f t h e 1 8

U

. S

. C

. § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f

a c t o r s a n d i n i t s d i s c r e t i o n

, w h e t h e r i t w i l l i m p o s e a n e w

3s e n t e n c e w i t h i n t h e a m e n d e d g u i d e l i n e s r a n g e o r r e t a i n t h e o r i g i n a l s e n t e n c e

.

B r a v o

, 2 0 3 F

. 3 d a t 7 8 1

. O n a p p e a l

, C a n n o n a r g u e s t h a t t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t e r r e d i n

t h e s e c o n d s t e p b e c a u s e i t i s s u e d n o w r i t t e n o r d e r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e n t e n c e o r s t a t i n g

t h a t i t h a d c o n s i d e r e d t h e s e c t i o n 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s

.

T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t m u s t c o n s i d e r t h e s e c t i o n 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s w h e t h e r i t d e n i e s

o r g r a n t s r e l i e f

; b u t t h e c o u r t “ i s n o t r e q u i r e d t o a r t i c u l a t e t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f e a c h

f a c t o r

, a s l o n g a s t h e r e c o r d d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t t h e p e r t i n e n t f a c t o r s w e r e t a k e n i n t o

a c c o u n t b y t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

. ” U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. W i l l i a m s

, 5 5 7 F

. 3 d 1 2 5 4

, 1 2 5 6

( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 9 ) ( i n t e r n a l q u o t a t i o n o m i t t e d ) ; s e e U n i t e d S t a t e s v

. E g g e r s d o r f

, 1 2 6

F

. 3 d 1 3 1 8

, 1 3 2 2 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 7 )

. B u t i f i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o d e t e r m i n e f r o m t h e

r e c o r d w h e t h e r t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t c o n s i d e r e d t h e s e c t i o n 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s

, w e m u s t

v a c a t e a n d r e m a n d t h e c a s e t o t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

. W i l l i a m s

, 5 5 7 F

. 3 d a t 1 2 5 7

.

H e r e

, t h e c o u r t s i m p l y n o t i f i e d t h e c l e r k t o a m e n d C a n n o n ’ s j u d g m e n t w i t h

l o w e r e d s e n t e n c e s o n t h e r o b b e r y a n d c a r j a c k i n g c o u n t s

. T h e n o t i c e m a d e n o

m e n t i o n o f t h e s e c t i o n 3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s

. T h e c o u r t i s s u e d n o f o r m a l w r i t t e n o r d e r

g r a n t i n g C a n n o n ’ s s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) m o t i o n o r o t h e r w i s e e x p l a i n i n g i t s s e n t e n c e

.

A n d a l t h o u g h C a n n o n m e n t i o n e d t h e f a c t o r s i n h i s s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) m o t i o n

, t h e

f a c t o r s n e v e r w e r e t i e d t o t h e f a c t s o f h i s c a s e

, e i t h e r b y C a n n o n o r b y t h e

g o v e r n m e n t

. W e c a n n o t s a y t h a t t h e r e c o r d d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t t h e p e r t i n e n t f a c t o r s

4w e r e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t b y t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t

. S e e i d

. ( v a c a t i n g a n d r e m a n d i n g

w h e r e d i s t r i c t c o u r t s u m m a r i l y g r a n t e d s e c t i o n 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) m o t i o n w i t h o u t

e x p l a i n i n g i t s s e n t e n c e )

.

B e c a u s e t h e r e c o r d d o e s n o t s h o w t h a t t h e c o u r t c o n s i d e r e d t h e s e c t i o n

3 5 5 3 ( a ) f a c t o r s i n d e c i d i n g t o r e d u c e C a n n o n ’ s s e n t e n c e

, w e c a n n o t e n g a g e i n

m e a n i n g f

u l a p p e l l a t e r e v i e w

. W e v a c a t e a n d r e m a n d f o r t h e c o u r t t o e x p l a i n i t s

s e n t e n c e

. 3

V A C A T E D A N D R E M A N D E D

.

Even thoug h we c onclude that a rema nd is nece ssary , we r ejec t Cannon’s arg ument that 3

the district court must conduct a n evidentiar

y hear ing on his motion. Nothing in sec tion

3582(c) (2) r equire s a district court to conduc t an evidentiar y hear ing, a

nd there are no new f

act

deter minations to be made her e. See U nited States v. Yesil, 991 F.2d 1527, 1531 ( 11th Cir.

1992) (the de cision whether or not to g rant a

n evidentiar

y hear ing g ener ally

is committ ed to the

discretion of the district court); United States v. Cothran, 106 F .3d 1560, 1563 (11th Cir. 1997).

Whil e Cannon wishes to ha ve a he aring to show his post-conviction substantial assistance to

authorities, this information is not relevant to the sec tion 3553(a) f actor s and is bey ond the scope

of a se ction 3582(c) (2) pr ocee ding a s it does not relate to a retroa ctively

applicable g uideline

amendment.

5