COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, Chaf in and Senior Judge Annunziata

JOSHUA SEXTON MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 2115-13-3 PER CURIAM APRIL 15, 2014 DICKENSON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES

FROM THE CIRCUIT COUR T OF DICKENSON COUNTY Henry A. Vanover, Judge (Charles H. Slem p, III; Slemp Law Office, PLLC, on brief), for appellant. (Laura Faye Robinson; Cynthia Short, Guardian ad litem for the infant children; Short Law Firm, PC, on brief), for appellee.
Joshua Sexton appeals the trial court’s order terminating his parental rights to his four children pursuant to Code § 16.1-2 83(C)(2). Sexton argues that the evidence was insufficient to prove he was unable or un willing to substantially re medy the conditions that led to the foster care, that the trial court erred in denying his request for an additional six months to rectify the situation, and that the trial court erred in determining that it was in the best inte rests of the children to terminate his parental rights. Upon reviewing the r ecord and briefs of the parties, we conclude this appeal is without merit. Accord ingly, we summarily affirm the deci sion of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27. “On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly wei ghed all the evidence, considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best interests.’” Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty. Dep’ t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 7, 614 S.E.2d 656,

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opin ion is not designated for publication.UNPUBLISHED- 2 - 659 (2005) (quoting Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 329, 387 S.E.2d 794, 796 (1990)). The trial judge’s findings, “‘when based on evidence heard ore tenus , will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to supp ort it.’” Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991) (quoting Peple v. Peple, 5 Va. App. 414, 422, 364 S.E.2d 232, 237 (1988)). We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prev ailing party below and grant to it all reasonable inferences fair ly deducible therefrom. Id. So viewed, the evidence proved that on June 28, 2012, Sexton’s four children were living with Sarah Sexton, Sexton’s wife and the mother of the four children (mother), and the Dickenson County Department of Social Services (DCDSS) removed the child ren due to physical neglect, inadequate supervision, poor hous ekeeping, inadequate fo od, and the failure of mother to take her medication. 1 At the time of removal, Sexton had been incarcerated sinc e December 3, 2011. The removal on June 28, 2012 was the second foster care removal for the children. On August 23, 2011, the City of Norton Department of Social Services (NDSS) re moved the children due to domestic violence, drug abuse, lack of shelter, and mother’s mental health is sues. In August 2011, Sexton, mother, and the chil dren were residing with Kimberly Hamilton, Sexton’s sister. While living with Hamilton, the police responded to Hamilton’s residence at least three times due to domestic violence. One go al of the foster care plan was to pr ovide a safe and st able home for the children. NDSS immediately re ferred the children to the Ch ildren’s Advocacy Center for counseling due to inappropriate sexual behavi ors. NDSS provided Sexton and mother with substance abuse counseling, domes tic violence counselin g, anger management , grief counseling, marital counseling, drug screens, visitation, and transportation. Th e only service Se xton completed

1 Mother agreed to the termin ation of her parental rights to the four children, S.S. born on October 14, 2004, R.S. - - born on June 25, 2009, J.S. - - born on September 8, 2010, and S.S. - - born on July 25, 2011.- 3 - prior to his incarceration was a six-hour Moral Reco gnition Therapy c ourse and weekly visits with the children. In November 20 11, Sexton and mother obtained housing in Dickenson County. On December 3, 2011, Sexton was arrested for discharging a firearm in an occupied building and possession of a firearm afte r having been convi cted of a felony. 2 The children were returned to mother in May 20 12 while Sexton remained incarcerated, but DCDSS removed the children from mother the following month. Sexton was scheduled to be released from incarceration in February 2014. On August 26, 2013, which was approximately fourteen months after DCDS S took custody of the children, April Collins, a DCDSS Family Se rvices Specialist, contact ed Sexton and informed him that DCDSS would be seeking termination of hi s parental rights. Collins testified Sexton was angry during the phone c onversation. Sext on admitted he was angry dur ing the conver sation, but explained that the conversation began with the question whether he was ready to give up his parental rights. DCDSS investigated and fo und no relatives th at were willing and suitable to care for Sexton’s children. DCDSS in vestigated Hamilton and determin ed that her residence was not appropriate because she lived in a two-bedroom tra iler with her husband and their four children. Hamilton’s husband was analcoholic, and their children freque ntly stayed with a grandmother due to her husband’s behavior. Hamilton also had chronic health issues. At Sexton’s termination hearing, mother testif ied Sexton verbally and physically abused her for twelve years, but Sexton denied being abusive towards mother. Although Sexton admitted he and mother argued frequently, he testified the ar guments were normal argu ments between spouses. Mother testified Sexton watched the Playboy Chan nel while the two older ch ildren were present.

2 Mother testified Sexton was attempting to commit suicide and she grabbed the firearm from Sexton. Sexton testified he was not attemp ting to commit suicide, but he and mother argued, mother pulled out the firearm, and it discharged while he tried to get the firearm away from her. Sexton pled guilty to the charges.- 4 - Sexton denied doing that, but agreed mother removed the Playboy Channel from their cable subscription plan. Mother testif ied she witnessed Sexton “huffing” glue on numerous occasions prior to his incarceration, but Se xton denied he “huffed” glue. Sexton testified he was planning on livi ng with Hamilton up on his release from incarceration. Hamilton te stified Sexton and his child ren could live with her. Sexton admitted it would take him at least three to si x months to be able to provide for the children. Sexton testified a friend was keeping a trailer for him while he wa s incarcerated. At so me point while he was incarcerated, Sexton completed parenting classes. In 2012, Sexton co mpleted substance abuse counseling and ange r management counse ling. In 2013, Sexton comp leted life skills classes. Sexton wrote a total of sixteen letters to his four children while incarcerate d. Sexton has not seen the children since his incar ceration in December 2011. The oldest child was placed in a foster home, has bonded with the fa mily, and wants to be adopted by the family. The second oldest child was placed in anothe r foster home, has bonded with the family, and there have not been any problem s with the child acting out sexually. The two youngest children were pl aced in the same foster home, the children have bonded with the family, and they do not know any other caregivers. Collins has grave concerns about placing the children together because the two older children sexually as saulted each other and sexually assaulted the two younger children. Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) requires proof, by clear and convincing evidence that: The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months from the date the child was pl aced in foster care to remedy substantially the conditio ns which led to or required continuation of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies to such end. Proof that the parent or parents, without good cause, have failed or been unable to make substantial progress towards elim ination of the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child’s foster care placement- 5 - in accordance with their obliga tions under and within the time limits or goals set forth in a foster care plan filed with the court or any other plan jointly designed and agreed to by the parent or parents and a public or private so cial, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agency shall c onstitute prima facie evidence of this condition. The court shall take into consideration the prior efforts of such agencies to rehabil itate the parent or parents prior to the placement of the child in foster care. Decisions to terminate parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C) “hinge not so much on the magnitude of the problem that created the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of the parent to make reasonable changes. ” Toms v. Hanover Dep’ t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 271, 616 S. E.2d 765, 772 (2005). In determining what is in the best interests of the child, a court must evaluate and consider many factors, including the age and physical and mental condition of the child or children; the age and physical and mental condition of the parents; the relationship existing between each parent and each child; the needs of the child or children; the role which each parent has played, and will play in the future, in the upbringing and care of the child or children; and such other factors as are necessary in determining the best interests of the child or children. Barkey v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 66 2, 668, 347 S.E.2d 188, 191 (1986). “‘In matters of a child’s welfare, trial courts are vested w ith broad discretion in making the decisions necessary to guard and to foster a child’s best interests.’” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463 (quoting Fa rley, 9 Va. App. at 328, 387 S.E.2d at 795). While Sexton’s incarceration, standing alone, is not sufficient to s upport the trial court’s termination of his parental right s, “it is a valid and proper ci rcumstance which, when combined with other evidence concerning th e parent/child relationship, can support [the] court’s finding that the best interests of the ch ild will be served by termination.” Ferguson v. Stafford Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 14 Va. App. 333, 340, 417 S. E.2d 1, 5 (1992). By the same token, Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) contains no excuse for a parent’s failure to remedy the conditions leading to- 6 - foster care because he has been incarcerated fo r over twelve months subsequent to the child’s placement in foster care. While incarcerated, Sexton did take additional classes on substance abuse, anger management, and life skills, but it was only after DCDSS took custody of the children for a second time. Since his incarceration in December 2011, Sexton wrote a tota l of only sixteen letters to his four children. There was no evid ence that Sexton a ttempted to schedule in -person or telephonic visitation with the children while he was incarcera ted. The children have bonded with their foster families, and the two you nger children have not known any other caregivers. 3 DCDSS has concerns of the four children living together due to the history of the two olde r children sexually abusing each other and the two younger children. There was no evidence that Se xton will ever be ableto care for his ch ildren. When he was not incarcerated and NDSS had custody of his chil dren, Sexton completed on ly one requirement of the NDSS care plan, which was a six-hour course on Moral Recognition Ther apy. Prior to his incarceration, Sexton failed to enroll or completesubstance abuse counseling, domestic violence counseling, anger management, grief counseling, or marital counseling. Ther e was also no record of Sexton participating in drug screens as requir ed by the NDSS care plan. Prior to NDSS removing the children, Sexton exposed the two older children to sexually ex plicit television programs. When taken into custody by NDSS, the children were immediately referr ed to the Chil dren’s Advocacy Center for counseling due to ina ppropriate sexual behaviors. Th e December 2013 incident involved a firearm, and Sexton subs equently pled guilty to two felony ch arges. The December 2013 firearm incident occurred after NDSS took custody of the children when Sexton was supposed to be working on regaining custody of hi s children. “‘[P]ast actions and relationships over a meaningful

3 When Sexton was incarcerated in December 2011, his third child was approximately fifteen months old and his fourth chil d was approximately five months old.- 7 - period serve as good indicators of what the futu re may be expected to hold.’” Linkous v. Kingery, 10 Va. App. 45, 56, 390 S.E.2d 188, 194 (1990) (quoting Frye v. Spotte, 4 Va. App. 530, 536, 359 S.E.2d 315, 319 (1987)). Sexton’s plan was to live with Hamilton after release from incarceration, but Hamilton lives in a two-bedroom trailer with her alcoholic husban d and four children. Hamilton’s four children frequently stay at a grandmother’s residence due to the behavior of Ham ilton’s husband. DCDSS found that Hamilton’s re sidence was not a suitable living situa tion for the children. According to Sexton, a friend was holdin g a trailer for him while he was inca rcerated, but there was no evidence of the trailer’s location, its size , or its condition to de termine if it would be suitable housing for the children. There was no evidence of Sexton’s pl an regarding employment and a plan to financially support the children. There was no evidence of Sexton’s plan c oncerning his relationship with mother. At the time of Sexton’s termination hearing, mother’s pa rental rights had been voluntarily terminated and Se xton and mother were still married. There was no evidence that an additional six months would change Sexton’s ability to provide su itable and stable housing for the children and to meet his children’s needs. “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.” Kaywood v. Halifax Cn ty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495 (1990). We cannot say that the trial court erred in fi nding that the evidence was clear and convincing that Sexton has been unable or unwilling to substantially remedy the conditions that led to the placement of the children in foster care, that an additional six months would change the situation, and that it was in the best interests of the chil dren to terminate Sexton’s parental rights.- 8 - Accordingly, the trial court did not err in terminating Sexton’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2). Affirmed.