# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls

For the Eig hth Circu it

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No. 1 6- 15 89

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Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.

Je su s Ad am

Liza rrag a

ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

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App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa , W at erl oo

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Su bm it te d: Jan ua ry

13 , 20 17
Fil ed : Ap ril 6, 2 01 7 [Un pu bl is he d]

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Befo re WOL LMAN, MURPHY, an d M ELLOY, Cir cu it Ju dg es

.

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PER CURI AM.

Je su s Ada m Liza rrag a pl ead ed gu il ty to co ns pi racy to di st rib ut e

m et ha m ph et am in e in vi ol at io n of 21 U.S.C. §§ 84 1( a)(1 ), 84 1( b) (1 )(A), an d 84 6, an d

to m on ey la un de rin g in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 19 56 (a)( 3) (B). The di s t r i c t c ou rt 1

The Hon or ab le Lin da R. Rea de

, Ch ie f Ju dg e, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Co ur t fo r 1

th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa

.se nt en ced hi m t o 2 6 4 mo nt hs ’ im pr is on m en t on th e co ns pi racy ch arg e an d a

co nc ur ren t 24 0 m on th s on th e m on ey -la un de rin g ch arg e. Liza r r a g a c ha ll en ge s hi s

se nt en ce. We affir m

.

In la te 20 13

, Ch ad W ey la nd

, Set h Bea rd

, an d S a r a We i ss en flu h were
di st rib ut in g “ ic e” m et ha m ph et am in e (ic e) in an d aro un d W at erl oo , Io wa. Liza rrag a,
who li ve d in Cal ifo rn ia

, recr ui te d W ey la nd an d Bea rd to di st rib ut e i c e f o r h im in

Io wa. W ey la nd an d/ or Bea rd m ad e at le as t th ree tri ps to Om ah a, Neb ras ka

, be twee n

Decem be r 20 13 an d Apr il 20 14

, each ti m e ob ta in in g be twee n th ree an d fiv e po un ds

of ic e fro m Liza rrag a. W ey la nd an d Bea rd la te r h a d a fal li ng ou t, an d Liza rrag a

in st ru ct ed Bear d n ot to work wit h Wey la nd an y lo ng er.

In Apr il 20 14

, W ei ss en flu h d r o v e fro m Io wa to Cal ifo rn ia to ob ta in fiv e

po un ds of ic e fro m Liza rrag a. Liza rrag a “ an d hi s as so ci at es in Cal ifo rn ia ” hi d th e ic e

in th e sp are ti re of W ei ss en flu h’s ve hi cl e be fo re sh e dr ov e ba ck to Io wa. W ei ss en flu h

an d Bea rd th en so ld th e ic e in Io wa, whe re Liza rrag a la te r arri ve d t o c o l l e c t t h e

pr oc eed s fro m th es e sa le s. W ei ss en flu h dr ov e to Cal ifo rn ia to ob ta i n i c e fro m

Liza r rag a ag ai n in May 20 14

. The ic e was ag ai n co nc eal ed in th e sp are ti re of

W ei ss en flu h’s ve hi cl e, bu t th is ti m e Liza rrag a di rect ed W ei ss en flu h to dr iv e th e ic e
ba ck to Io wa an d th en to wait fo r hi m to pr ov id e fu rth er i n s t r u ct io ns reg ard in g
di st rib ut io n of th e dr ug s. On th e ret ur n dr iv e, W ei ss en flu h was st op pe d by Mes qu it e,

Nev ad a, la w en fo rcem en t of fic ers fo r a tra ffi c vi ol at io n. Afte r a dr ug do g al ert ed to

W ei ss en flu h’s ve hi cl e, of fic ers ob ta in ed a warra nt

, se arch ed th e ve h i c le

, an d

reco ve red jus t un de r fiv e po un ds of 10 0% pu re ic e m et ha m ph et am in e fro m th e sp are

ti re in th e tru nk

. W ei ss en flu h th erea fte r be ga n co op erat in g wit h la w e n f o rcem en t

of fic ers

. Sh e in fo rm ed of

fic ers in Ju ly 20 14 th at Liza rrag a ha d cal le d an d in st ru ct ed

he r to de po si t cas h in to th e U.S. Ban k acco un t fo r “ Ch ris to ph er Gran de ” as pa y m en t

f o r a p o r t io n of th e ic e th at

, un be kn own st to Liza rrag a, ha d be en se iz ed fr o m

W ei ss en flu h’s ve hi cl e in May 20 14

. An of fic er fo ll owe d Liza rrag a’s in st ru ct io ns to

-2

-W ei ss en flu h an d de po si te d $5 ,00 0 in go ve rn m en t fu nd s i n t o th e “ Ch ris to ph er

Gran de ” U.S. Ban k a cco un t.

In Feb ru ary 20 15

, Liza rrag a co nt act ed W ei ss en flu h an d as ke d to m eet wit h he r

in W at erl oo

. W ei ss en flu h no ti fie d of fic ers , who pr ov id ed he r wit h a reco rd in g
de vi ce. Dur in g th e m eet in g, Liza rrag a of fere d to “ fro nt ” o n e p o u n d o f ic e, whi ch

W ei ss en flu h wou ld se ll in Io wa on hi s be ha lf. Late r th at da y , Liza rrag a pr ov id ed th e
ic e, fo r whi ch W ei ss en flu h ag reed to pa y $1 2,0 00

. W ei ss en flu h pa id Liza rrag a a to ta l

of $1 0,5 00 in go ve rn m en t cas h in two i n s t a l l men t s. Liza rrag a ga ve W ei ss en flu h a

no te l i s ti ng a “ His pa ni c na m e” an d a Mex ic an ba nk acco un t an d in st ru ct ed he r to

de po si t th e rem ai ni ng $1 ,50 0 in th at acco un t. W ei ss en flu h wire d $1 ,50 0 in

go ve rn m en t fu nd s as in st ru ct ed on Marc h 1 0.

Liza rrag a co nt act ed W ei ss en flu h ag ai n in Ju ne 20 15 an d of fere d to su pp ly he r
wit h two po un d s of ic e. W ei ss en flu h no ti fie d of fic ers , who se t up su rv ei ll an ce on

Liza rrag a’s ho te l ro om aft er he arri ve d fro m Cal ifo rn ia

. Liza rrag a arra ng ed to m eet

W ei ss en flu h on Ju ne 28 to de li ve r th e ic e. Liza rrag a was st op pe d by of fic ers en ro ut e

to th e m eet in g. Afte r a dr

ug do g al ert ed to Liza rrag a’s ve hi cl e, of fic ers reco ve red two

pa ck ag es of ic e fro m a b ack pa ck in th e ve hi cl e. A l at er se arch of Liza rrag a’s ho te l

ro om pu rs ua nt to a warra nt le d to th e reco ve ry of an ad di ti on al th ree pa ck ag es of ic e

fo r a t ot al of a lm os t fi ve po un ds of 9 9.6 % pu re i ce m et ha m ph et am in e.

Liza rrag a en te red in to an ag reem en t wit h th e go v e r n men t , p le ad in g gu il ty t o

th e dr ug -co ns pi racy an d m on ey -la un de rin g ch arg es an d st ip ul a t i n g to th e fact s se t

fo rth ab ov e. A pr es en te nc e rep or t (PSR ) w a s t h en pr ep ared

, whi ch se t fo rth th e

of fen se co nd uc t in m or e de ta il

. The PSR reco m m en de d ap pl ic at io n of a th ree- le ve l,

ag gr av at in g- ro le ad

jus tm en t un de r § 3B 1.1 (b ) of th e U.S. Sen te nc in g Gui de li ne s

Man ua l (Gu id el in es or U.S.S.G.) ba se d on Liza rrag a’s ro le as a “ m an ag er or

su pe rv is or ” of cri mi n a l a c t iv it y th at in vo lv ed “ fiv e or m or e pa rti ci pa nt s or was

-3

-ot he rwis e ex te ns iv e.” Liza rrag a ob jecte d to th e ad

jus tm en t, bu t he di d no t co nt es t an y
of th e u nd erl y in g fa ct s u po n wh ic h i t was ba se d.

The pa rti es pr es en te d no ad di ti on al ev id en ce at th e se nt en ci ng he ari ng , rel y in g

in s t e a d o n t h e st ip ul at ed fact s se t fo rth in th e pl ea ag reem en t an d th e un co nt es te d

fact s se t fo rth in th e PSR. The di st ric t co ur t ap pl ie d th e ag gr av at in g- ro le ad jus tm en t

o ve r Liza rrag a’s ob

jecti on s, fin di ng “ by a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce” t h a t

Liza rrag a m an ag ed or su pe r v i s ed “ cri m in al act iv it y in vo lv in g fiv e or m or e

pa rti ci pa nt s or a cri m in al co nd uc t th at was ot he rwis e ex te ns iv e.” Liza rrag a’s

res ul ti ng ad vi so ry G u i d e li ne s se nt en ci ng ran ge was 23 5 to 29 3 m on th s’

im pr is on m en t. Afte r “ ex am in [in g] th e cas e as a who le ,” an d co ns id eri ng th e pa rti es ’

br ie fs on th e is su e, th e di st ric t co ur t fo un d “ no ba si s fo r a [d own ward ] va ria nc e in th is

cas e.” The co ur t th en di sc us se d th e § 35 53 (a) se nt en ci ng fact or s an d co nc lu de d th at

th e se nt en ce th at was “ su ffi ci en t, bu t no t gr eat er th an ne ces sa ry , to ach ie ve th e go al s

of se nt en ci ng [was ] a m id -ran ge se nt en c e o f 2 64 m on th s” on th e dr ug -co ns pi racy
ch arg e an d a co nc ur ren t se nt en ce of 24 0 m on th s on th e m on ey -la un de rin g ch arg e.

Li z arra ga arg ue s th at th e di st ric t co ur t erro ne ou sl y ap pl ie d th e ag gr av at in g- r o l e
ad jus t men t, im

pr op erl y pr es um ed th at a Gui de li ne s se nt en ce was reas on ab le

, an d

fai le d t o a de qu at el y

ex pl ai n t he ba si s fo r it s s en te nc in g d eci si on

.

“ ‘T he di st ric t co ur t’s fact ua l fin di ng s, in cl ud in g it s de t e r mina ti on of a
de fen da nt ’s ro le in th e of

fen se , are rev ie wed fo r cl ear erro r,’ whi le it s ‘app li cat io n of

th e gu id el in es to th e fact s is rev ie wed de no vo .’ ” Uni te d St at es v. Gain es , 63 9 F.3 d

42 3, 42 7- 28 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ) (q uo ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Bo ld en , 62 2 F.3 d 98 8, 99 0 (8 th

Ci r. 20 10 ) (p er cu ria m )). The co ur t’s fac t u a l fin di ng s “ m us t be su pp or te d by a

pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce,” an d we wil l di st ur b th os e fin di ng s on ly i f th ey are

“ un su pp or te d by su bs ta nt ia l ev id en ce, [are ] ba se d on an er r o n e o u s vi ew of th e

ap pl ic ab le la w, or [if

] in li gh t of th e en ti re reco rd

, we are le ft wit h a fir m an d de fin it e

co nv ic ti on th at a m is ta ke ha s be en m ad e.” Uni te d St at es v. St ark s, 81 5 F.3 d 43 8, 44 1
(8 th Ci r. 20 16 ) (q uo ti ng Uni te d St at es v. W al ke r, 68 8 F.3 d 41 6, 42 1 (8 th Ci r. 20 12 )).

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-The di st ric t co ur t m ay acce pt as tru e fo r se nt en ci n g pu rp os es th os e sp eci fic fact ua l

al le ga ti on s set fo rth in th e PSR to whi ch th e d efen da nt do es no t ob ject. See Uni te d

St at es v. Pe pp er, 7 47 F.3d 52 0, 5 23 (8t h C ir. 2 01 4)

.

Bas ed on th e fact ua l st i p u l at io ns se t fo rth in th e pl ea ag reem en t an d th e

un co nt es te d fact s se t fo rth in th e PSR, th e di st ric t co ur t fo un d th at an ag gr av at in g- ro le

ad jus tm en t un de r § 3B 1.1 (b ) was ap pr op ria te

. Liza rrag a recr ui te d W ey la nd an d

Bea rd to di st rib u t e ic e fo r hi m in Io wa an d la te r in st ru ct ed Bea rd no t to wor k wit h

W ey la nd

. Liza rrag a “ an d hi s as so ci at es in Cal ifo rn ia ” hi d ic e in W ei ss e n f l uh ’s

ve hi cl e, Liza rrag a di rect ed W ei ss en flu h to dr iv e th e se co nd sh ip m en t of ic e to Io wa

an d th en wait fo r hi s fu rth er in st ru ct io ns reg ard in g di st rib u t i o n, an d Liza rrag a
di rect ed W ei ss en flu h to de po si t dr ug pr oc eed s in pa rti cu la r ba nk acco un ts

. The se

fact s were su ffi ci en t to pr ov e by a pr ep o n d e r a n c e th at Liza rrag a was a m an ag er or

su pe rv is or fo r pu rp os es of th e § 3B 1.1 ag gr av at in g- ro le ad jus tm en t. See Bo ld en , 62 2

F.3 d at 99 0 (n ot in g th at “ th e si m pl e fact th at a de fen da nt recr ui ts ne w m em be rs in to

a co n s p ira cy su pp or ts a fin di ng ” th at he was a m an ag er or su pe rv is or ); U.S.S.G.
§ 3B 1.1 cm

t. n.4 (n ot in g th a t “t h e e x e r ci se of de ci si on m ak in g au th or it y ” an d “ th e
de gr ee of co nt ro l an d au th or it y ex erci se d” ov er ot he r pa rti ci pa nt s in cri m in al act iv it y weig hs in fav or of t he ad

jus tm en t).

The fact ua l st ip ul at io ns se t fo rth in th e pl ea ag reem en t an d th e un co nt es te d

fact s s e t f

o rth in th e PSR al so in di cat ed th at th e dr ug co ns pi racy in vo lv ed fiv e or

m or e pa rti ci pa nt s, na m el y , Liza r r ag a, W ei ss en flu h, Bea rd

, W ey la nd

, an d

“ [Liz arra ga ’s] as so ci at es in Cal ifo rn ia ,” who he lp ed hi de ic e in W ei ss en flu h’s sp are

ti re. The se fact s were su ffi ci en t to pr ov e by a pr ep on de ran ce th at Liza rrag a m an ag ed

or su pe rv is ed cri m in al act iv it y in vo lv in g fiv e o r m or e pa rti ci pa nt s, even th ou gh th e
Cal ifo rn ia as so ci at es were no t id en ti fie d by na m e. See, e.g ., Uni te d St at es v. Co rte zDiaz , 56 5 F . App ’x 74 1, 75 0 (10 th Cir . 20 14 ) (aff irming ap pl ic at io n o f th e § 3B 1.1

ad jus tm en t ev en th ou gh la st na m es of two pa rti ci pa nt s were un kn own ); Uni te d St at es

v. Tho m as , 37 3 F. App ’x 53 8, 5 4 0 -4 1 (6 th Ci r. 20 10 ) (u ph ol di ng ag gr av at in g- ro le

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-ad

jus tm en t ba se d on el ev en po ss ib le pa rti ci pa nt s, i nc lu di ng two wit h u nk no wn la st

na m es ); Uni te d St at es v. Man so or i, 30 4 F.3 d 63 5, 66 8 (7 th Ci r. 20 02 ) (n ot in g th at “ in

s o m e cas es , th e ev id en ce m ay le av e no do ub t th at th e de fen da nt di rect ed a n o t h e r

cu lp ab le pa rti ci pa nt bu t m ay no t rev eal th at pe rs on ’s na m e” an d ci ti ng cas es ); Uni te d

St at es v. Fel ls

, 92 0 F.2 d 11 79

, 11 82 -8 3 (4 th Ci r. 1 9 9 0 ) ( a f f irming ap pl ic at io n of

ag gr a v a t i n g- ro le ad

jus tm en t whe re di st ric t co ur t fo un d th at un na m ed “ lo wer-l ev el

dr ug de al ers ” were p art ic ip an ts ).

In ad di ti on to e s t ab li sh in g th at th ere were fiv e or m or e pa rti ci pa nt s, th e

ev id en ce was al so su ffi ci en t to sh ow th at th e cri m in al act iv it y was “ ot he rwis e

ex te ns iv e” fo r pu rp os es of th e § 3B 1.1 ag gr av at in g- ro le ad jus tm en t. The “ na tu re an d

co m pl ex it y of th e op erat io n and it s geo gr ap hi cal reac h” are rele va nt in de te rm in in g
whe th er t he act iv it y was ex te ns iv e. Uni te d S ta te s v . Ros as , 48 6 F .3d 37 4, 3 77 (8t h

Ci r. 20 07 ) (q uo ti ng Uni te d St at es v. Vas qu ez-R ub io

, 29 6 F.3 d 72 6, 72 9 n.3 (8 th Ci r.

20 02 )). Liza r r ag a, as well as pa rti ci pa nt s act in g on hi s be ha lf, tra ve le d be twee n
Cal ifo rn ia an d Io wa t o r e t r i e v e or de li ve r la rg e qu an ti ti es of hi gh -p ur it y ic e an d

p r o c e e d s fro m dr ug sa le s, an d Liza rrag a di rect ed th at pr oc eed s fro m dr ug sa le s b e
de po si te d in or wire d to bo th U.S. an d Mex ic an ba nk acco un ts op en ed in ot he r

pe op le s’ na m es

. Th es e fact s were su ffi ci en t to pr ov e by a pr ep on de ran ce th at th e
cri m in al act iv it y was “ ot he rwis e ex te ns iv e” fo r pu rp os es of th e § 3B 1.1 ag gr av at in gro le ad jus tm en t.

Liza rrag a al so ch al le ng es hi s se nt en ce, arg ui ng th at th e di st ric t co ur t erre d by

fai li ng to ad eq ua te ly ex pl ai n th e ba si s fo r it s se nt en ci ng de ci si on , by pr es um in g th at

a Gui de li ne s se nt en ce wa s r e a s o n a bl e, an d by fai li ng to pr op erl y co ns id er th e

18 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a) s en te nc in g fa ct or s. W e rev ie w th e di st ric t co ur t’s s en te nc in g 2

Liza rrag a co nc ed es th at be cau se he di d no t ob ject be fo re th e di st ric t co ur t, th e 2 pl ai n- erro r st an da rd of rev ie w ap pl ie s to hi s cl ai m s th at th e co ur t di d no t ad eq ua te ly

ex pl ai n it s se nt en ci ng de ci si on an d th at it ap pl ie d a pr es um pt io n of reas on ab le ne ss
to th e Gui de li ne s se nt en ce. S e e U n i t ed St at es v. Pat e, 51 8 F.3 d 97 2, 97 5 (8 th Ci r.

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-de te rm ina tio ns unde r a de fere nt ia l ab us e-o f-d is cret io n st an da rd

, fir st en su ring tha t the

co ur t co m

m it te d “ no si gn ifi can t pr oc ed ur al erro r,” an d t h en co ns id eri ng th e

“ subs tant iv e reas on ab le ne ss ” of th e ul ti m at e se nt en ce. Gall v. Uni te d St at es , 55 2 U.S

. 38 , 51 (20 07 ).

Afte r pr op erl y cal cu la ti ng th e Gui de l i n e s ran ge , th e co ur t no te d th at it was

req ui red to “ ex am in e th e cas e as a who le ” in l i g h t o f th e § 35 53 (a) fact or s an d

de te rm in e “wh e t h e r or no t [it ] m us t va ry fro m th e ad vi so ry gu id el in e ran ge ” to

im po se an ap pr op ria te se nt en ce. The co ur t ex pr es sl y co ns id ered Liza rrag a’s va rio us

arg um en ts in su pp or t o f a d own ward va ria nc e, it di sc us se d s ev eral of t he § 3 55 3( a)

fact or s in de ta il

, an d it fin al ly st at ed th at

, “ [a]fter co ns id eri ng al l th e st at ut or y fact or s,

ev erythi ng [it kn ew] ab ou t th e cas e an d al l th e arg um en ts m ad e or al ly an d in writ in g,

. . . th e se nt en ce th at is su ffi ci en t, bu t no t gr eat er th an ne ces sa ry , to ach ie ve th e go al s

of se nt en ci ng is a m id

- r a n g e s e n t en ce of 26 4 m on th s.” Co nt rary to Liza rrag a’s

arg um en ts

, th e co ur t di d no t pr es um e th at a Gui de li ne s se nt en ce was re as on ab le

,

no ti ng in st ead th at it was no t bo un d by th e Gui de li ne s an d th at th ey w e r e “ on e of

se ve r a l fact or s” th at th e co ur t was req ui red to co ns id er. See, e.g ., Uni te d St at es v.
Sh ira de ll y , 61 7 F.3 d 97 9, 98 3 n.5 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ) (p er cu ria m ) (“ Th e d is tri ct co ur t

ack no wled ge d it was free to va ry fro m th e gu id el in es ran ge , an d th e m ere co nc lu si on

th at an ul ti m at e se nt en ce is reas on ab le is no t eq ui va le nt to pr es um in g th e gu id el in es

ran ge to be reas on ab le .”).

Nor di d th e co ur t in ad eq ua te ly ex pl ai n it s se nt en ci ng de ci si on

. The co ur t st at ed

th at it ha d co ns id ered al l of th e § 35 53 (a) f a c t o r s , Liza rrag a’s arg um en ts fo r a
do wnwar d va ria nc e, th e fact s an d hi st or y se t fo rth in th e PSR, an d th e dr ug qu an ti ty

i n v o l v e d in th e co ns pi racy, an d it co nc lu de d th at a se nt en ce in th e m id dl e of t h e

20 08 ) (“ W e rev ie w fo r pl ai n erro r an arg um en t no t rai se d at se nt en ci ng .”). Bec au se th es e cl ai m s fai l un de r an y st an da rd o f r e v ie w, we co ns id er al l of Liza rrag a’s

se nt en ci ng arg um en ts un de r th e ab us e-o f-d is cret io n s ta nd ard of r ev ie w.

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-ad vi so ry Gui de li ne s ran ge was ap pr op ria te

. Dis tri ct co ur ts are gi ve n “ wid e la ti tu de ”

to weig h th e § 35 53 (a) fact or s, in cl ud in g th e la ti tu de to as si gn so m e fact or s m or e or
le ss weig ht th an a de fen da nt wou ld pr efer

. See Uni te d St at es v. And ers on , 61 8 F.3 d

87 3, 88 3 (8 th Ci r. 20 10 ). Mo r e o v e r , “ whe n a jud ge de ci de s si m pl y to ap pl y th e
Gui de li ne s to a pa rti cu la r cas e, do in g so wi ll no t ne ces sa ril y req ui re le ng th y

ex pl an at io n.” Ri ta v. Uni te d St a t e s , 5 5 1 U

. S. 33 8, 35 6 (2 00 7) ; se e al so And ers on , 61 8 F.3 d at 88 2- 83 (n ot in g th at a di st ric t co ur t “ ne ed no t cat eg or ic al ly reh ears e each

of th e § 35 53 (a) fact or s on th e reco rd whe n it im po se s a se nt en ce as lo ng as it is cl ear

th at th ey were co ns id ered ” (ci ta ti on s om it te d) ). The d i s t r ic t co ur t co m m it te d no 3

pr oc ed ur al erro r, th e se nt en ce i s n ot su bs ta nt iv el y un reas on ab le

.

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

To th e ex te nt Liza rrag a arg ue s th at th e Gui de li ne s a r e un su pp or te d by 3

em pi ric al ev i d e n c e an d res ul t in un du ly se ve re se nt en ces fo r m et ha m ph et am in e of fen se s, th e s e p o l i cy arg um en ts are no t pr op erl y m ad e to th is Co ur t. See Uni te d
St at es v. Co le m an , 63 5 F.3 d 38 0, 38 3 (8 th Ci r. 20 11 ). Alt ho ug h th e di st ric t co ur t

co ul d ha ve va rie d fro m th e Gui de li ne s ba se d o n su ch a po li cy di sa gr eem en t, it was

no t re qu ire d t o d o s o. Se e id

.

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