|  Definitions, Sources and Explanatory Notes |
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|  Category:   | Petroleum Consumption/Sales                         |
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|  Topic:      | Adjusted Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene: by End Use |
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|   Definitions |  |
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| Key Terms                                             | Definition                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
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| Adjusted Sales                                        | Distillate fuel oil sales estimates have been adjusted at the PADD district level to equalpublished EIA volume estimates of petroleum products supplied in the U.S. marketplace.The kerosene and residual fuel oil sales estimates have been adjusted at the nationallevel. The products supplied estimates can be found in the Petroleum Supply Annual for the appropriate year.In addition, electric power generation data and on-highway diesel data are used in lieu ofadjusted survey results.  For details, see Technical Note 3 in the Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales report.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| All Other                                             | Sales for all other energy-consuming sectors not included elsewhere.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| Commercial                                            | An energy-consuming sector that consists of service-providing facilities and equipment of nonmanufacturing businesses; Federal, State, and local governments; and other privateand public organizations, such as religious, social, or fraternal groups. The commercialsector includes institutional living quarters. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cookingand running a wide variety of other equipment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| Distillate Fuel Oil                                   | A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation operations.  It includes diesel fuels and fuel oils.  Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 diesel fuel are used in on-highway diesel engines, such as those in trucks and automobiles, as well as off-highway engines, such as those in railroad locomotives and agricultural machinery. Products known as No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils are used primarily for space heating and electric power generation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| Electric Power                                        | An energy-consuming sector that consists of electricity only and combined heat andpower (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity andheat, to the public -- i.e., NAICS 22 plants. Volumes directly imported and used bythe electric power companies are included.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| Farm                                                  | An energy-consuming sector that consists of establishments where the primary activityis growing crops and/or raising animals. Energy use by all facilities and equipment at these establishments is included, whether or not it is directly associated with growing crops and/or raising animals. Common types of energy-using equipment include tractors, irrigation pumps, crop dryers, smudge pots, and milking machines. Facility energy use encompasses all structures at the establishment, including the farm house.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| Industrial                                            | An energy-consuming sector that consists of all facilities and equipment used forproducing, processing, or assembling goods. The industrial sector encompasses thefollowing types of activity: manufacturing and mining. Overall energy use in thissector is largely for process heat and cooling and powering machinery, with lesseramounts used for facility heating, air conditioning, and lighting. Fossil fuels are also used as raw material inputs to manufactured products.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| Kerosene                                              | A petroleum distillate that boils at a temperature between 300 and 550 degreesFahrenheit, that has a flash point higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit by ASTM Method D 56, that has a gravity range between 40 to 46 degrees API, and that has aburning point in the range of 150 degrees to 175 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are thetwo classifications recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699: No. 1-K and No. 2-K,and all grades of kerosene called range or stove oil which have properties similarto No. 1 fuel oil, but with a gravity of about 43 degrees API and a maximum end-pointof 625 degrees Fahreneit. Kerosene is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and waterheaters and is suitable for use as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.                                                                                                               |
| Military                                              | An energy-consuming sector that consists of the U.S. Armed Forces, Defense EnergySupport Center (DESC), and all branches of the Department of Defense (DOD).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| No. 1 Distillate                                      | A light petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel (see No. 1 Diesel Fuel) or a fuel oil.No. 1 Diesel Fuel: A light distillate fuel oil that has distillation temperatures of 550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 975. It is used in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under frequentspeed and load changes, such as those in city buses and similar vehicles.
No. 1 Fuel Oil: A light distillate fuel oil that has distillation temperatures of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and 550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 396. It is used primarily as fuel for portable outdoor stoves and portable outdoor heaters.                                               |
| No. 2 Diesel Fuel                                     | A fuel that has distillation temperatures of 500 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 975. It is used in high-speed diesel enginesthat are generally operated under uniform speed and load conditions, such as those in railroad locomotives, trucks, and automobiles.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| No. 2 Diesel Fuel, High Sulfur                        | No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level above 500 ppm.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| No. 2 Diesel Fuel, Low Sulfur                         | No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level between 15 ppm and 500 ppm (inclusive).It is used primarily in motor vehicle diesel engines for on-highway use.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| No. 2 Diesel Fuel, Ultra Low Sulfur                   | No. 2 diesel fuel that has a sulfur level no higher than 15 ppm. It is usedprimarily in motor vehicle diesel engines for on-highway use.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| No. 2 Distillate                                      | A petroleum distillate that can be used as either a diesel fuel (see No. 2 Diesel Fuel) or a fuel oil(see No. 2 Fuel Oil).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| No. 2 Fuel Oil (Heating Oil)                          | A distillate fuel oil that has a distillation temperature of 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point and meets the specifications defined in ASTM Specification D 396.  It is used in atomizing type burners for domestic heating or for moderate capacity commercial/industrial burner units.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| No. 4 Fuel Oil                                        | A distillate fuel oil made by blending distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil stocks. It conforms with ASTM Specification D 396 or Federal Specification VV-F-815C and is used extensively in industrial plants and in commercial burner installations that are not equipped with preheating facilities. It also includes No. 4 diesel fuel used for low- and medium-speed diesel engines and conforms to ASTM Specification D 975.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| Off-Highway                                           | An energy-consuming sector that consists of: Construction:
 Facilities and equipment including earthmoving equipment, cranes, stationary generators, air compressors, etc.
Other:
 All off-highway uses other than construction. Includes logging, scrap andjunk yards, and refrigeration units on trucks.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| Oil Company                                           | An energy-consuming sector that consists of drilling companies, pipelines or other related oil companies not engaged in the selling of petroleum products. Includesfuel oil that was purchased or produced and used by company facilities for operationof drilling equipment, other field or refinery operations, and space heating atpetroleum refineries, pipeline companies, and oil-drilling companies. Sales toother oil companies for field use are included, but sales for use as refinerycharging stocks are excluded.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| On-Highway (Diesel)                                   | An energy-consuming sector that consists of motor vehicles: automobiles, trucks,and buses. Vehicles used in the marketing and distribution of petroleum products isalso included.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): | **PADD 1** (East Coast):   **PADD 1A** (New England): Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.   **PADD 1B** (Central Atlantic): Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania.   **PADD 1C** (Lower Atlantic): Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. **PADD 2** (Midwest): Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Wisconsin.**PADD 3** (Gulf Coast): Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas.**PADD 4** (Rocky Mountain): Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.**PADD 5** (West Coast): Alaska (North Slope and Other Mainland), Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington. |
| Railroad                                              | An energy-consuming sector that consists of all railroads for any use, including thatused for heating buildings operated by railroads.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
| Residential                                           | An energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters for private households. Common uses of energy associated with this sector include space heating, water heating, air conditioning,lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and running a variety of other appliances. Sales tofarmhouses are reported under "Farm" and sales to apartment buildings are reported under "Commercial."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| Residual Fuel Oils                                    | The topped crude of refinery operations, which includes No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils,as defined in ASTM Specification D 396 and Federal Specification, VV-F-815C;Navy Special fuel oil as defined in Military Specification MIL-F-859E includingAmendment 2 (NATO symbol F-77); and Bunker C fuel oil. Residual fuel oil is usedfor the production of electric power, space heating, vessel bunkering, and variousindustrial purposes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| United States                                         | The 50 States and the District of Columbia.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| Vessel Bunkering                                      | An energy-consuming sector that consists of commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S. Armed Forces.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
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| For definitions of related energy terms, refer to the   EIA Energy Glossary. |
|  	Sources |
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|  | Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-821, "Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report" (Form/Instructions,  Background, Survey Methodology and Statistical Details) andPetroum Supply Annual, Volume 1.On-Highway Diesel data are Federal Highway Administration statistics of highway special fuels use. |
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|  	Explanatory Notes |
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|  | For further explanations on revised data and adjustments,  see   Technical Note 3 in the Fuel Oil and Kerosen Sales report.   
  From 1984 to 1990 distillate data are adjusted at the PAD District level to equal product   supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1.  Allocations   at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey, except for on-highway diesel,   electric power, and railroad uses  
  Beginning in 1991 distillate data are adjusted at the PAD District level to equal   product supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1.    Allocations at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey, except for   on-highway diesel, and electric power uses.  
  From 1984 to 1991 kerosene data are adjusted at the PAD District level to equal   product supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1.    Allocations at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.  
  Beginning in 1992 kerosene data are adjusted at the national level to equal product   supplied data as published in the "Petroleum Supply Annual," Volume 1.    Allocations at the national and State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.  
**Electric Power:**  National-level distillate and residual fuel oil electric power sales were calculated from  annual aggregations of data collected on other forms.  For years 1984 to 1999: the EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," and the   FERC-423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants" were used.  Form EIA-759 consumption data for light oils include No 2. fuel oil, kerosene, and   jet fuel: the heavy oils include No. 4 fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and crude oil.    Using receipt data from Form FERC-423, No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the   heavy oil consumption data and added to the light oil consumption data.  The resultant   distillate (light oils) and residual (heavy oils) consumption data were added to   the stock change of light oils and heavy oils, respectively, from Form EIA-759 to   obtain the estimate of sales.  For year 2000 data: the EIA-759, "Monthly Power Plant Report," FERC-423,   "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants," EIA-860B,   "Annual Electric Generation Report - Nonutility," and the EIA-900, "Monthly   Nonutility Power Report" were used.   Form EIA-759 collected consumption data for   light oils included No. 2 fuel oil, kerosene, and jet fuel; the heavy oils   include No. 4 fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and crude oil. Using receipt data   from Form FERC-423, the No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the heavy oil   consumption data and added to the light oil consumption data. The resultant   distillate and residual consumption data were added with Form EIA-860B distillate   and residual consumption data and the stock change of distillate and residual,   respectively, from Forms EIA-759 and EIA-900 to obtain the estimate.  For year 2001 data: the EIA-906, "Power Plant Report" and FERC-423, "Monthly Report   of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants" were used.  Form EIA-906   consumption data for distillate and residual was added to the stock change of   distillate and residual, respectively.  Using receipt data from Form FERC-423,   the No. 4 fuel oil receipts were deleted from the heavy oil consumption data and   added to the light oil consumption data.  For years 2002 to present: the EIA-906, "Power Plant Report" was and is used.    Form EIA-906 utility and nonutility, NAICS 22 companies, consumption data was added   to the stock change of distillate and residual, respectively.  Allocations at the   State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.  
**Military:**  For years 1984 to 1990: residual fuel oil issued to defense installations   (Defense Fuel Supply Center's Defense Energy Information System (DFSC DEIS) Report)   was allocated at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.  For years 1991   to present: survey results are used.  
**Railroad:**  For years 1984 to 1990: distillate fuel oil used by Class I railroads and Amtrak at   the U.S. level was obtained from the American Association of Railroads.  Allocations  at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey.  For years 1991 to present:   survey results are used.  
**Vessel Bunkering:**  For years 1984 and 1985: residual fuel oil used for foreign trade vessel bunkering at   the PAD district level was obtained from the Bureau of the Census, United States   Foreign Trade, Bunker Fuels.  To account for all vessel bunkering including coastal   trade, the historically established ratios of total vessel bunkering use to foreign   trade use was determined for each PAD District and used to inflate the foreign trade   bunkering value.  Allocations at the State level were based on the EIA-821 survey   except for the States in PAD District 2.  For this region, which includes the Great   Lakes, the EIA-821 survey results were used since the Census report, based on the   U.S. Custom Service's data, did not provide adequate coverage.  For years 1986 to present: survey results are used.  
  Respondents to the EIA-821 survey were instructed to report all volumes in  accordance with what the product was sold as, regardless of the actual  specifications of that product. For example, if a No. 2 distillate was sold  as a heating oil or fuel oil, the volume would be reported in the category  "No. 2 Fuel Oil" even if the product conformed to the higher specification of  a diesel fuel.  
   Beginning with 2006 data, the commercial No. 2 distillate category has been   changed to reflect the addition of ultra low sulfur diesel. Beginning 2006,   ultra low sulfur diesel and low sulfur diesel data added together will be   equivalent to prior years low sulfur diesel.  
   Beginning in 2001 "Electric Power" has replaced "Electric Utility" to ensure that    products sold to/used by both utility and nonutility power producers are included.    
  Beginning in 1993 commercial and industrial "No. 2 Diesel" was broken down into   "No. 2 Low Sulfur Diesel" and "No. 2 High Sulfur Diesel."  
  Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.  
  Due to updated program methodology and revised data, 2008 through 2011 Sales and Adjusted Sales numbers   have been revised since they were first published. We have created an excel file   Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Data   that shows the differences between the original and revised published data for your convenience. |
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