CLD-141 NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

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No. 10-1233

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IN RE: ELAINE KARAS,

Petitioner

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On Petition for Writ of Mandamus from the

United States District Court for the District of New Jersey

(Related to D.C. Civil Action No. 08-cv-5264)

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Submitted Under Rule 21, Fed. R. App. P.

March 4, 2010

Before: BARRY, FISHER and STAPLETON, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: March 30, 2010)

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OPINION

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PER CURIAM

In February 2003, following a dispute over a residential lease, former tenants of

Elaine Karas filed an action against her in New Jersey Superior Court seeking the return

of a security deposit. In March 2007, the Superior Court entered default judgment against

Karas after she failed to appear for trial. In October 2008, Karas brought an action in the

District Court alleging that her former tenants and several state court judges conspired,
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during the pendency of the state court action, to deprive her of her civil rights and her

right to a fair trial. Defendants filed separate motions to dismiss the complaint. In a

December 28, 2009 order, the District Court granted the final motion to dismiss on the

basis that it failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. However, the docket

reflects that the District Court did not close the case until January 22, 2010, when it ruled

on the final outstanding motion in the case – Karas’ motion for declaratory judgment.

On January 21, 2010, Karas filed in this Court a petition for writ of mandamus

asking us to: 1) remove of the District Court Judge assigned to the case; 2) vacate all of

the District Court’s prior orders; and 3) remand the case to state court. Karas alleges that

the District Court Judge has engaged in improper behavior, including communicating ex

parte with defense counsel and deliberately refusing to docket and/or review certain of

her filings, including several motions for sanctions. Karas further alleges that the District

Court has repeatedly misrepresented the facts of the case in its rulings and has

intentionally falsified and misapplied the law in order to “justify a particular outcome.” 

(Petition for Writ of Mandamus at 2.)

A writ of mandamus is an extraordinary remedy. See Kerr v. U.S. Dist Ct., 426

U.S. 394, 402 (1976). Within the discretion of the issuing court, mandamus traditionally

may be “used . . . only ‘to confine an inferior court to a lawful exercise of its prescribed

jurisdiction or to compel it to exercise its authority when it is its duty to do so.’” Id.

(citations omitted). A petitioner must show “no other adequate means to attain the
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desired relief, and . . . a right to the writ [that] is clear and indisputable.’” See In re

Patenaude, 210 F.3d 135, 141 (3d Cir. 2000) (citation omitted). 

Karas previously filed a motion in the District Court to disqualify the District

Court Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 455. The District Court denied the request. 

Mandamus is the proper means by which we review the denial of a recusal motion filed

pursuant to § 455. See Alexander v. Primerica Holdings, Inc., 10 F.3d 155, 163 (3d Cir.

1993). Our inquiry is “whether the record, viewed objectively, reasonably supports the

appearance of prejudice or bias.” See In re Antar, 71 F.3d 97, 101 (3d Cir. 1995). 

Judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion

and mandamus is not a substitute for appeal. Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555

(1994); Cheney v. U.S. Dist. Ct., 542 U.S. 367, 380-81.

The record does not reasonably support the appearance of bias or prejudice on the

part of the District Court Judge. Karas’ allegations are unsupported by any facts

suggesting that the District Court Judge has acted improperly or that he is biased against

her. Certainly, the District Court’s alleged improper recitation of the facts of the case in

its rulings does not constitute such a gross abuse of discretion that recusal is warranted. 

To the extent that Karas claims error in those rulings, she may appeal those decisions to

this Court. Id. Moreover, Petitioner’s case has been closed in the District Court and a

request to recuse the District Court Judge at this point is moot.

Karas also asks that we vacate all of the District Court’s orders and remand the
matter to state court for further proceedings. Karas appears to base her request on the

alleged improper behavior of the District Court Judge. However, we have concluded that

the record does not support Karas’ allegations of impropriety. Furthermore, other than

claiming that the District Court has misrepresented the facts of the case in its prior orders,

Karas has not described any specific errors made by the Court in those rulings.

For the foregoing reasons, mandamus relief is not appropriate. We will deny the

petition.

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