44332 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

Tribal officials: The term ‘‘tribal 

officials’’ means elected or duly 

appointed officials of Indian tribal 

governments. 

(c) Requests for trees, portions of 

trees, or forest products made under this 

section must be submitted to the local 

Forest Service District Ranger’s Office(s) 

in writing. Requests may be made: 

(1) Directly by a tribal official(s) who 

has been authorized by the Indian tribe 

to make such requests; or 

(2) By providing a copy of a formal 

resolution approved by the tribal 

council or other governing body of the 

Indian tribe. 

(d) Requests for trees, portions of 

trees, and forest products made under 

this section must be directed to the 

appropriate Forest Service District 

Ranger(s)’ Office from which the items 

are being requested. Tribal officials are 

encouraged to explain their requests to 

the Regional Forester or designated 

Forest Officer, and if necessary, how the 

request fits a noncommercial traditional 

and cultural purpose. When two or 

more National Forests are involved, all 

of the involved Forest Service District 

Ranger’s Offices should be notified of 

the requests made on other forests. 

(e) Agency Line Officers and 

managers (who have been authorized by 

name through official Forest Service 

correspondence) are authorized to 

provide trees, portions of trees, and 

forest products under this section 

subject to the following limitations: 

(1) District Rangers and Forest 

Officers may provide material not 

exceeding $25,000 in value in any one 

fiscal year to an Indian tribe; 

(2) Forest Supervisors may provide 

material not exceeding $50,000 in value 

in any one fiscal year to an Indian tribe; 

(3) Regional Foresters may provide 

material not exceeding $100,000 in 

value in any one fiscal year to an Indian 

tribe; and 

(4) The Chief of the Forest Service 

may provide material exceeding 

$100,000 in value to an Indian tribe. 

(f) A request for trees, portions of 

trees, or forest products under this 

section may be conditioned or denied 

for reasons including, but not limited to 

the following: 

(1) Protecting public health and 

safety; 

(2) Preventing interference with 

Forest Service and/or commercial 

operations; 

(3) Complying with Federal and State 

laws and regulations; 

(4) Ensuring sustainability; or 

(5) Otherwise protecting National 

Forest System land and resources. 

(g) All decisions made under this 

section must comply with the National 

Forest Management Act, relevant land 

management plans, the National 

Environmental Policy Act, the 

Endangered Species Act, and all other 

applicable laws and regulations. 

Dated: July 23, 2014. 

Thomas L. Tidwell, 

Chief, Forest Service. 

[FR Doc. 2014–18021 Filed 7–29–14; 11:15 am] 

BILLING CODE 3411–15–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 98 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927; FRL–9913–03– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AS28 

Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program: 

Addition of Global Warming Potentials 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is proposing to add 

chemical-specific and default global 

warming potentials (GWPs) for a 

number of fluorinated greenhouse gases 

(GHGs) and fluorinated heat transfer 

fluids (HTFs) to the general provisions 

of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. 

Currently, these fluorinated GHGs and 

HTFs are not assigned GWPs under the 

rule. The proposed changes would 

increase the completeness and accuracy 

of the carbon dioxide (CO2)-equivalent 

emissions calculated and reported by 

suppliers and emitters of fluorinated 

GHGs and HTFs. In addition, the EPA 

is proposing conforming changes to the 

provisions for the Electronics 

Manufacturing and Fluorinated Gas 

Production source categories. 

DATES: Comments must be received on 

or before September 2, 2014, unless a 

hearing is requested. If a hearing is 

requested, comments must be received 

on or before September 15, 2014. 

Public Hearing. The EPA does not 

plan to conduct a public hearing unless 

requested. To request a hearing, please 

contact the person listed in the 

following FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT section by August 7, 2014. 

Upon such request, the EPA will hold 

the hearing on August 15, 2014, in the 

Washington, DC area. The EPA will 

provide further information about the 

hearing on the Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Program Web site, http://

www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/

ghgrulemaking.html if a hearing is 

requested. 

ADDRESSES: You may submit your 

comments, identified by Docket ID No. 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927, by any of 

the following methods: 

• Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// 

www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 

instructions for submitting comments. 

• Email: A-and-R-Docket@epa.gov. 

Include Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2009–0927 in the subject line of the 

message. 

• Fax: (202) 566–9744. 

• Mail: Environmental Protection 

Agency, EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), 

Mailcode 28221T, Attention Docket ID 

No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927, 1200 

Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, 

DC 20460. 

• Hand/Courier Delivery: EPA Docket 

Center, Room 3334, EPA WJC West 

Building, 1301 Constitution Avenue 

NW., Washington, DC 20004. Such 

deliveries are accepted only during the 

Docket’s normal hours of operation, and 

special arrangements should be made 

for deliveries of boxed information. 

Instructions: Direct your comments to 

Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009– 

0927, Addition of Global Warming 

Potentials. The EPA’s policy is that all 

comments received will be included in 

the public docket without change and 

may be made available online at http:// 

www.regulations.gov, including any 

personal information provided, unless 

the comment includes information 

claimed to be confidential business 

information (CBI) or other information 

whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 

Should you choose to submit 

information that you claim to be CBI in 

response to this notice, clearly mark the 

part or all of the comments that you 

claim to be CBI. For information that 

you claim to be CBI in a disk or CD– 

ROM that you mail to the EPA, mark the 

outside of the disk or CD–ROM as CBI 

and then identify electronically within 

the disk or CD–ROM the specific 

information that is claimed as CBI. In 

addition to one complete version of the 

comment that includes information 

claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment 

that does not contain the information 

claimed as CBI must be submitted for 

inclusion in the public docket. 

Information marked as CBI will not be 

disclosed except in accordance with 

procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. 

Send or deliver information claimed as 

CBI to only the mail or hand/courier 

delivery address listed above, attention: 

Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2009– 

0927. 

If you have any questions about CBI 

or the procedures for claiming CBI, 

please consult the person identified in 

the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT

section. Do not submit information that 


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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 44333 

you consider to be CBI or otherwise 

protected through http://

www.regulations.gov or email. The 

http://www.regulations.gov Web site is 

an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which 

means the EPA will not know your 

identity or contact information unless 

you provide it in the body of your 

comment. If you send an email 

comment directly to the EPA without 

going through http://

www.regulations.gov, your email 

address will be automatically captured 

and included as part of the comment 

that is placed in the public docket and 

made available on the Internet. If you 

submit an electronic comment, the EPA 

recommends that you include your 

name and other contact information in 

the body of your comment and with any 

disk or CD–ROM you submit. If the EPA 

cannot read your comment due to 

technical difficulties and cannot contact 

you for clarification, the EPA may not 

be able to consider your comment. 

Electronic files should be free of special 

characters, any form of encryption, and 

any defects or viruses. 

Docket: All documents in the docket 

are listed in the http://

www.regulations.gov index. Although 

listed in the index, some information is 

not publicly available (e.g., CBI or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute). Certain other 

material, such as copyrighted material, 

will be publicly available only in hard 

copy. Publicly available docket 

materials are available either 

electronically in http://

www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 

the Air Docket, EPA/DC, WJC West 

Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution 

Ave. NW., Washington, DC. This Docket 

Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 

p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding 

legal holidays. The telephone number 

for the Public Reading Room is (202) 

566–1744, and the telephone number for 

the Air Docket is (202) 566–1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Carole Cook, Climate Change Division, 

Office of Atmospheric Programs (MC– 

6207J), Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 

Washington, DC 20460; telephone 

number: (202) 343–9263; fax number: 

(202) 343–2342; email address: 

GHGReporting@epa.gov. For technical 

information, please go to the 

Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Program 

Web site at http://www.epa.gov/

climatechange/emissions/

ghgrulemaking.html. To submit a 

question, select Rule Help Center, 

followed by Contact Us. To obtain 

information about the public hearing or 

to register to speak at the hearing, please 

go to http://www.epa.gov/

climatechange/emissions/

ghgrulemaking.html. Alternatively, 

contact Carole Cook at (202) 343–9263. 

Worldwide Web (WWW). In addition 

to being available in the docket, an 

electronic copy of this proposal will 

also be available through the WWW. 

Following the Administrator’s signature, 

a copy of this action will be posted on 

the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting 

Program Web site at http://

www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/

ghgrulemaking.html. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulated 

Entities. The Administrator determined 

that this action is subject to the 

provisions of Clean Air Act (CAA) 

section 307(d). See CAA section 

307(d)(1)(V) (the provisions of section 

307(d) apply to ‘‘such other actions as 

the Administrator may determine’’). 

These are proposed amendments to 

existing regulations. If finalized, these 

amended regulations would affect 

emitters and suppliers of fluorinated 

greenhouse gases (GHGs). Regulated 

categories and examples of affected 

entities include those listed in Table 1 

of this preamble: 

TABLE 1—EXAMPLES OF AFFECTED ENTITIES BY CATEGORY

Category NAICS Examples of affected facilities 

Electrical Equipment Use ............................ 221121 Electric bulk power transmission and control facilities. 

Electrical Equipment Manufacture or Refurbishment.33531 Power transmission and distribution switchgear and specialty transformers manufacturing facilities. 

Electronics Manufacturing ........................... 334111 Microcomputers manufacturing facilities. 

334413 Semiconductor, photovoltaic (solid-state) device manufacturing facilities. 

334419 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) unit screens manufacturing facilities. 

334419 Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) manufacturing facilities. 

Fluorinated Gas Production ........................ 325120 Industrial gases manufacturing facilities. 

Importers and Exporters of Pre-charged 

Equipment and Closed-Cell Foams.

423730 Air-conditioning equipment (except room units) merchant wholesalers. 

333415 Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle) manufacturing. 

336391 Motor vehicle air-conditioning manufacturing. 

423620 Air-conditioners, room, merchant wholesalers. 

443111 Household appliance stores. 

423730 Automotive air-conditioners merchant wholesalers. 

326150 Polyurethane foam products manufacturing. 

335313 Circuit breakers, power, manufacturing. 

423610 Circuit breakers merchant wholesalers. 

Magnesium Production ............................... 331419 Primary refiners of nonferrous metals by electrolytic methods. 

Table 1 of this preamble is not 

intended to be exhaustive, but rather 

lists the types of facilities that the EPA 

is now aware could be potentially 

affected by the reporting requirements. 

Other types of facilities not listed in the 

table could also be subject to reporting 

requirements. To determine whether 

you are affected by this action, you 

should carefully examine the 

applicability criteria found in 40 CFR 

part 98, subpart A or the relevant 

criteria in subparts I, L, T, DD, SS, OO, 

and QQ. If you have questions regarding 

the applicability of this action to a 

particular facility, consult the person 

listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER

INFORMATION CONTACT section. 

Acronyms and Abbreviations. The 

following acronyms and abbreviations 

are used in this document. 

AR4 Fourth Assessment Report 

AR5 Fifth Assessment Report 

BAMM Best available monitoring methods 

CAA Clean Air Act 

CBI Confidential business information 

CFC Chlorofluorocarbon 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CO2 Carbon dioxide 

CO2e CO2-equivalent 

e-GGRT Electronic Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Tool 

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 


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44334 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

1 IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical 

Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to 

the Fifth Assessment Report of the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

[Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. 

Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and 

P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, 

Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, 

USA, 1535 pp. 

2The sole exception is the GWP for sevoflurane, 

which is proposed to be amended here because a 

GWP for this chemical is available in AR5 but was 

not included in previous IPCC Assessment Reports. 

FLIGHT Facility Level Information on 

Greenhouse Gases Tool 

FR Federal Register 

GHG Greenhouse gas 

GHGRP Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program 

GWP Global warming potential 

HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 

HCFE Hydrochlorofluoroether 

HFC Hydrofluorocarbon 

HFE Hydrofluoroether 

HTF heat transfer fluid 

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 

Change 

LCD Liquid crystal display 

MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems 

MtCO2e Metric tons carbon dioxide 

equivalent 

N2O Nitrous oxide 

NAICS North American Industry 

Classification System 

NF3 Nitrogen trifluoride 

NODA Notice of data availability 

NTTAA National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

OMB Office of Management and Budget 

PFC Perfluorocarbon 

RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act 

RY Reporting year 

SAR Second Assessment Report 

SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride 

SIP State implementation plan 

PSD Prevention of significant deterioration 

UMRA Mandates Reform Act of 1995 

UNFCCC United Nations Framework 

Convention on Climate Change 

WWW Worldwide Web 

Table of Contents 

I. Background 

A. How is this preamble organized? 

B. Background on the GHG Reporting Rule 

C. Legal Authority 

D. When would these amendments apply? 

II. Proposed Amendments 

A. Summary of Proposed Amendments 

B. Background on GHGRP GWPs 

C. Today’s Proposed Rule 

D. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and Proposed Amendments to 

Subpart L 

E. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and Default GWP in Subpart I 

F. Calculation of Differences and Changes 

in CO2e Quantities Under Subpart I and 

Subpart L 

G. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and Permitting Requirements 

III. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions 

To Address Environmental Justice in 

Minority Populations and Low-Income 

Populations 

I. Background 

A. How is this preamble organized? 

The first section of this preamble 

contains background information 

regarding the Greenhouse Gas Reporting 

Program (GHGRP) and information on 

when the amendments would become 

effective if finalized. This section also 

discusses the EPA’s use of our legal 

authority under the Clean Air Act (CAA) 

to collect data under the Greenhouse 

Gas Reporting Rule at 40 CFR part 98, 

hereinafter referred to as the ‘‘GHG 

Reporting Rule’’ or ‘‘Part 98.’’ 

The second section of this preamble 

describes in detail the changes that we 

are proposing, presents the EPA’s 

rationale for the proposed changes, and 

identifies issues on which the EPA is 

particularly interested in receiving 

public comments. 

Finally, the third section of the 

preamble discusses the various statutory 

and executive order requirements 

applicable to this proposed rulemaking. 

B. Background on the GHG Reporting 

Rule 

The GHG Reporting Rule was 

published in the Federal Register on 

October 30, 2009 (74 FR 56260). Part 98 

became effective on December 29, 2009, 

and requires reporting of GHGs from 

certain facilities and suppliers. The 

October 30, 2009 final rule established 

reporting requirements for 28 categories 

of GHG emitters and suppliers, 

including Suppliers of Industrial 

Greenhouse Gases (including producers, 

importers, and exporters of fluorinated 

GHGs), subpart OO. A notice finalizing 

reporting requirements for Magnesium 

Production, subpart T, was published 

on July 12, 2010 (75 FR 39736). A notice 

finalizing reporting requirements for the 

following categories was published on 

December 1, 2010 (75 FR 74774): 

Electronics Manufacturing, subpart I; 

Fluorinated Gas Production, subpart L; 

Electrical Transmission and Distribution 

Equipment Use, subpart DD; Importers 

and Exporters of Fluorinated 

Greenhouse Gases Contained in PreCharged Equipment or Closed-Cell 

Foams, subpart QQ; and Electrical 

Equipment Manufacture or 

Refurbishment, subpart SS. 

C. Legal Authority 

The EPA is proposing these rule 

amendments under its existing CAA 

authority provided in CAA section 114. 

As stated in the preamble to the 2009 

final rule (74 FR 56260), CAA section 

114 provides the EPA broad authority to 

require the information addressed in 

this proposed rule because such data 

would inform and are relevant to the 

EPA’s carrying out a wide variety of 

CAA provisions. 

D. When would these amendments 

apply? 

The EPA anticipates publishing a 

final rule based on this proposal in time 

for the final rule to be effective for the 

reporting of data gathered in 2014 (i.e., 

Reporting Year 2014), which must be 

reported to the EPA by March 31, 2015. 

II. Proposed Amendments 

A. Summary of Proposed Amendments 

The EPA is proposing to amend Table 

A–1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 

(Table A–1), the compendium of GWPs 

used to calculate carbon-dioxide 

equivalents (CO2e) under the GHGRP, to 

add chemical-specific GWPs for 103 

fluorinated GHGs. The proposed 

chemical-specific GWPs are primarily 

drawn from the Fifth Assessment Report 

(AR5) published by the 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 

Change (IPCC) in 2013, which is 

discussed further in Section II.B. of this 

preamble.1

The EPA is also proposing to amend 

Table A–1 to add default GWPs for 

fluorinated GHGs and fluorinated HTFs 

for which peer-reviewed GWPs are not 

available. These default GWPs would be 

calculated and assigned based on 

fluorinated GHG group and would be 

based on the chemical-specific GWPs 

for the compounds in Table A–1 as it 

would be amended under today’s 

proposal. 

In addition, as discussed further in 

sections II.D. and II.E. of this preamble, 

we are proposing conforming changes to 

subparts I and L, which include their 

own default GWPs for purposes of 

certain CO2e calculations. 

This amendment would generally not 

affect the GWPs of the GHGs currently 

included in Table A–1.2 As discussed 

further in Section III.B of this preamble, 

we do not anticipate that finalizing the 

GWPs proposed in this action would 


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3 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), 2007. 

Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 

Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth 

Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel 

on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, 

R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, 

Switzerland, 104 pp. 4Langbein, T., H. Sonntag, D. Trapp, A. 

Hoffmann, W. Malms, E.-P. Ro ̈th, V. Mo ̈rs and R. 

Zellner (1999). ‘‘Volatile anaesthetics and the 

atmosphere: atmospheric lifetimes and atmospheric 

effects of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, 

desflurane and sevoflurane.’’ British Journal of 

Anaesthetics 82 (1): 66–73, discussed in the 

Technical Support Document for Industrial Gas 

Supply: Production, Transformation, and 

Destruction of Fluorinated GHGs and N2O, Office of 

Air and Radiation, USEPA, February 6, 2009. 

5Such reports have been received under subparts 

I, L, OO, and QQ. 

6For most subparts, including subparts I, OO, and 

QQ, reporters are required to report CO2e only for 

fluorinated GHGs listed in Table A–1. Subpart I 

includes a default GWP of 2,000 for purposes of 

various calculations (but not reporting) as discussed 

in section II.E. of this preamble. Subpart L includes 

default GWPs of 2,000 and 10,000 for purposes of 

both calculations and reporting. Under the 

amendments to subpart L discussed below, these 

two default GWPs would be replaced by five default 

GWPs. 

7As discussed in the notices for the proposed and 

final 2013 Revisions Rule, the IPCC publishes 

Scientific Assessment Reports, including updated 

and expanded sets of GWPs, approximately every 

six years. The countries that submit annual GHG 

inventories under the UNFCCC update the GWPs 

that they use for those inventories less frequently. 

For example, the GWPs from the IPCC SAR have 

been used for UNFCCC reporting for over a decade. 

8We had not included these compounds in the 

proposed 2013 Revisions Rule because 

documentation for GWPs for these compounds was 

limited at the time that the proposal was being 

prepared. We subsequently received more 

documentation from the compounds’ 

manufacturers. 

expand the set of facilities required to 

report under the Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Rule. However, to allow for 

the possibility that some facilities or 

suppliers could become newly subject 

to one or more subparts of part 98 due 

to the addition of the GWPs, we are 

proposing special provisions for these 

facilities regarding the timing of 

reporting and the use of best available 

monitoring methods (BAMM). 

Except in the case of subpart L, which 

is discussed in Section II.D. of this 

preamble, reporters would not be 

required to resubmit their CO2e 

emissions for prior years. Instead, for 

facilities affected by this rulemaking, we 

would recalculate CO2e emissions for 

Reporting Years (RY) 2010–2013 and 

publish them in our Facility Level 

Information on Greenhouse Gases Tool 

(FLIGHT) using the most recent and 

comprehensive GWPs in Table A–1. 

This is the same approach that we 

finalized in the final rule entitled ‘‘2013 

Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Rule and Final 

Confidentiality Determinations for New 

or Substantially Revised Data Elements’’ 

(78 FR 71904, November 29, 2013; 

hereinafter referred to as ‘‘final 2013 

Revisions Rule’’), except that this 

recalculation would occur in 2015 

rather than 2014. 

B. Background on GHGRP GWPs 

Table A–1 is a compendium of GWP 

values of certain GHGs that are required 

to be reported under one or more 

subparts of the Greenhouse Gas 

Reporting Rule. These GWPs are used to 

convert tons of chemical into tons of 

CO2-equivalent (CO2e) for purposes of 

various calculations and reporting 

under the rule. As indicated in the 

Federal Register notice for the final Part 

98 (74 FR 56348), it is the EPA’s intent 

to periodically update Table A–1 as 

GWPs are evaluated or reevaluated by 

the scientific community. This will 

provide a more accurate and complete 

account of the atmospheric impacts of 

GHG emissions and supplies. 

GWPs that have been newly evaluated 

or reevaluated in the peer-reviewed 

scientific literature are periodically 

consolidated and published by the 

IPCC. The initial Table A–1 finalized in 

the 2009 Greenhouse Gas Reporting 

Rule included GWP values from the 

Second Assessment Report (SAR) and, 

for gases that were not included in SAR, 

from the Fourth Assessment Report 3

(hereinafter referred to as ‘‘IPCC AR4’’ 

or ‘‘AR4’’). (In addition, Table A–1 

included a GWP for one fluorinated 

GHG that had been published in the 

peer-reviewed literature but not an IPCC 

report, the GWP for sevoflurane.) 4 The 

IPCC recently published AR5, which 

contains GWPs for a number of 

fluorinated GHGs that were not 

included in either SAR or AR4. 

The scope of the fluorinated 

compounds reported under the GHGRP 

is established by the definition of 

‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ at 40 CFR 98.6 (and, 

for subpart I, ‘‘fluorinated HTF’’ at 40 

CFR 98.98), rather than by inclusion in 

Table A–1. The EPA therefore receives 

reports of emissions and supplies for a 

number of fluorinated compounds that 

have not had GWPs included in Table 

A–1.5 At present, these supplies, and a 

large fraction of these emissions, are 

assigned a GWP of zero for purposes of 

GHGRP calculations and reporting, 

including threshold determinations.6

1. Recent Actions Related to GHGRP 

GWPs 

The EPA has recently undertaken 

several efforts to improve the quality 

and completeness of the GWPs used to 

calculate and report emissions under 

the GHGRP. On November 29, 2013, we 

published the final 2013 Revisions Rule. 

That rule amended Table A–1 to update 

the GWPs for GHGs included in AR4 to 

the AR4 values. The revisions improved 

the quality of reported CO2e emissions 

and supply by reflecting improved 

scientific understanding (since the 

publication of SAR) of the radiative 

forcing and atmospheric lifetimes of the 

GHGs that have GWPs in AR4. In 

addition, for those GHGs, the revisions 

ensured comparability of data collected 

in the GHGRP to the Inventory of U.S. 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 

that the EPA compiles annually to meet 

international commitments under the 

United Nations Framework Convention 

on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 

Countries that submit GHG inventories 

under the UNFCCC have decided to use 

AR4 GWPs for the GHGs that have AR4 

GWPs, beginning with the inventories 

submitted in 2015.7

In the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, 

we proposed to adopt GWPs for 26 

additional fluorinated GHGs not 

included in Table A–1 or AR4. The EPA 

received comments on the proposed 

2013 Revisions Rule stating that we 

should not include GWPs in Table A– 

1 for compounds that are not included 

in an IPCC report or peer reviewed. We 

did not include these GWPs in the final 

2013 Revisions Rule because we agreed 

with commenters that we needed 

additional time to evaluate our 

approach to assigning GWPs for 

compounds not included in AR4. In the 

preamble to the final rule, we noted that 

we might address these compounds in 

a separate future action. 

On April 5, 2013, we published a 

Notice of Data Availability (NODA) (78 

FR 20632) regarding another 43 

fluorinated GHGs and HTFs whose 

GWPs were not included in Table A–1.8

The NODA announced to the public the 

following: (1) The availability of 

estimated GWPs for eight of these 

compounds, as well as data and analysis 

submitted in support of these values, 

and (2) the availability of approximate 

GWPs and/or chemical structure 

information for another 35 compounds, 

for whose GWPs we did not possess 

supporting data and analysis. We 

requested and received comment on this 

information. 

On November 18, 2013, we proposed 

amendments to subpart L, Fluorinated 

Gas Production, that included an 

amendment to establish within subpart 

L a new set of default GWPs by 

fluorinated GHG group for the emissions 

calculated and reported under that 

subpart (78 FR 69337; hereinafter 

referred to as ‘‘proposed amendments to 

subpart L’’). The proposed set of five 

default GWPs would replace the current 


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44336 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

9 Guidelines for the preparation of national 

communications by Parties included in Annex I to 

the Convention, Part I:UNFCCC reporting 

guidelines on annual greenhouse gas inventories, 

FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.3. 

set of two default GWPs in subpart L 

that are applied to fluorinated GHGs 

that are not included in Table A–1, 

which would increase the precision and 

accuracy of calculated CO2e emissions. 

We requested and received comments 

on the proposed fluorinated GHG 

groups and associated default GWPs 

included in the proposed amendments 

to subpart L. 

2. Summary of Comments Related to 

Addition of GWPs 

The EPA received five comments on 

the NODA and five comments on the 

proposed 2013 Revisions Rule that were 

related to the proposed addition of the 

GWPs for 26 fluorinated GHGs. A 

detailed summary of and response to all 

comments received on the proposed 

2013 Revisions Rule is provided in the 

docket for that final rule (EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2012–0934). We are presenting an 

overview here because some of those 

comments have also informed the 

approach we are proposing under this 

rule for establishing chemical-specific 

and default GWPs for additional 

fluorinated GHGs in Table A–1. We also 

received three comments on the 

proposed amendments to subpart L that 

were related to the proposed addition of 

GWPs to Table A–1. We discuss those 

comments in this notice to the extent 

relevant to the approach we are 

proposing in this action. 

Several commenters on the actions 

noted above supported adding GWPs to 

Table A–1 for the compounds included 

in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule 

and NODA. Commenters stated that to 

characterize emissions and trends 

effectively, it is important for the EPA 

to use the most recent and accurate 

GWP values available. Other 

commenters stated that the EPA should 

add new GWPs to Table A–1 only after 

these GWPs have been included in an 

IPCC Scientific Assessment Report. 

They argued that GWPs that have been 

published in IPCC reports are less likely 

to change over time, and are likely to 

change less significantly, than GWPs 

that have been derived through ‘‘a less 

rigorous scientific process.’’ 

C. Today’s Proposed Rule 

1. General Approach To Addition of 

GWPs to Table A–1 

As noted in the final 2013 Revisions 

Rule, the EPA intends to weigh multiple 

considerations in updating the set of 

GWPs used under the GHGRP. These 

include the accuracy of the GWPs, the 

consistency of those GWPs with the 

GWPs used in other national and 

international programs, the 

predictability and stability of the GWPs, 

the source of the GWPs, and the impacts 

of those GWPs on other regulatory 

programs. We are weighing these 

considerations for this proposed rule as 

we did in developing the final 2013 

Revisions Rule. However, there is an 

important difference between the two 

rules. In the final 2013 Revisions Rule, 

we weighed these considerations 

primarily in the context of updating the 

GWPs for GHGs that were already listed 

in Table A–1. In this proposed rule, we 

are weighing these considerations in the 

context of proposing to add GWPs for 

GHGs that are not presently included in 

Table A–1. For such GHGs, the 

improvement in accuracy associated 

with listing a GWP in Table A–1 is 

likely to be large, because the alternative 

is generally to continue to assign these 

GHGs a GWP of zero for purposes of the 

calculations and reporting under the 

GHGRP. Moreover, such GHGs are not 

included in AR4; thus, using GWPs 

from other sources does not introduce 

inconsistencies for purposes of UNFCCC 

reporting. 

The EPA is proposing to add 

chemical-specific and default GWPs to 

Table A–1 to balance and carry out the 

goals listed above as efficiently and 

effectively as possible. For the chemicalspecific GWPs that would be added to 

Table A–1, we are proposing to rely on 

AR5 and, in one case, on AR4. For the 

default GWPs, we are proposing to rely 

on GWPs from AR5 and AR4, 

supplemented by consideration of 

atmospheric lifetimes and radiative 

efficiencies from the peer-reviewed 

literature. 

a. General Approach to ChemicalSpecific GWPs 

For the fluorinated GHGs that do not 

have GWPs listed in AR4, but that do 

have GWPs listed in AR5, we are 

proposing through this action to adopt 

the chemical-specific GWPs in AR5. 

This approach would ensure that, for 

this set of GHGs, the GWPs used by the 

GHGRP would be consistent with the 

most recent international scientific 

consensus. As discussed above, in the 

final 2013 Revisions Rule, we adopted 

AR4 GWPs for the GHGs that were 

included in AR4. We noted that where 

reporting under the UNFCCC is linked 

to an older report (e.g., AR4 for the 

GHGs with GWPs listed in AR4), use of 

the GWPs from a newer report would 

introduce inconsistencies between the 

GWPs used in the GHGRP and those 

used in the U.S. Inventory of 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. 

However, where UNFCCC reporting is 

not linked to an older report, such 

inconsistencies are not a concern. In 

fact, adopting the AR5 GWPs would 

facilitate U.S. reporting under the 

UNFCCC Reporting Guidelines, which 

state: ‘‘Annex I Parties are strongly 

encouraged to also report emissions and 

removals of additional GHGs, such as 

hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), 

perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs), and other 

gases for which 100-year global 

warming potential values are available 

from the IPCC but have not yet been 

adopted by the [Conference of the 

Parties to the UNFCCC].’’ 9

To list chemical-specific GWPs on 

Table A–1, the EPA believes that it is 

appropriate to require that these GWPs 

have been published in a peer-reviewed 

scientific journal. This helps to ensure 

that the data and methods used to 

evaluate the GWPs are consistent with 

current scientific good practice and 

thereby helps to ensure that the 

resulting GWPs are accurate. The EPA 

acknowledges that, in some cases, this 

will prevent the listing of GWPs that 

have not been published in the peerreviewed literature but that may 

nevertheless be reasonably accurate. For 

example, eight of the GWPs discussed in 

the NODA and 11 of the GWPs that we 

proposed in the proposed 2013 

Revisions Rule were supported by some 

data and analysis; however, we are not 

proposing these GWPs in this action 

because they have not been published in 

the peer-reviewed literature. We 

consider it important to adopt a clear, 

widely accepted criterion of scientific 

acceptance for including chemicalspecific GWPs on Table A–1, which is 

intended to serve as the compendium of 

chemical-specific GWPs for the GHGRP. 

We believe that publication in a peerreviewed scientific journal meets this 

standard. 

The chief concern raised by requiring 

that chemical-specific GWPs on Table 

A–1 be peer-reviewed is that omission 

of a GWP that may be somewhat 

inaccurate could lead to the use of an 

effective GWP (zero) that is known to be 

very inaccurate. We believe that concern 

is addressed by the proposed 

establishment of default GWPs, 

discussed below. 

Our proposal to adopt GWPs from a 

newer IPCC Assessment Report (AR5) 

for compounds not listed in the older 

IPCC Assessment Report required for 

UNFCCC reporting (AR4) is consistent 

with the approach we took in the 

original Table A–1. At the time we 

created the original Table A–1, the IPCC 

had already issued AR4, but the 

UNFCCC reporting guidelines required 


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10The EPA had previously proposed GWPs for 15 

of these compounds in the proposed 2013 Revisions 

Rule, but since that rule was proposed, updated 

GWPs for these 15 compounds have been published 

in AR5. The other 11 compounds for which we 

proposed GWPs in the proposed 2013 Revisions 

Rule have not had GWPs published in the peerreviewed literature; under this proposed rule, these 

compounds would be assigned default GWPs. A 

table specifying these chemicals and showing the 

default GWPs that would be assigned to them (as 

well as the chemicals whose cited GWPs were listed 

in the NODA) is available in the docket for this 

rulemaking. 

use of the GWPs in the IPCC SAR for 

compounds listed in that report. As 

discussed above, the original Table A– 

1 included GWPs from the SAR for the 

GHGs that had GWPs in the SAR and 

GWPs from AR4 for the GHGs that did 

not have GWPs in the SAR but did in 

AR4 (e.g., NF3). This ensured that the 

chemical-specific GWPs were both 

consistent with those used for UNFCCC 

reporting and as accurate and complete 

as practicable. Table A–1 also included 

a peer-reviewed GWP for a GHG that did 

not have a GWP in either the SAR or 

AR4 (sevoflurane). While we are not 

proposing in this action to add 

chemical-specific GWPs for GHGs that 

do not have a GWP in either of the most 

recent assessment reports, we may 

propose such additions in a future 

action. 

b. General Approach To Default GWPs 

Even with the addition of the AR5 

GWPs, a significant share of the 

fluorinated GHG and HTF emissions 

and supplies reported under the GHGRP 

would not have chemical-specific GWPs 

included in Table A–1. We are 

proposing default GWPs to ensure that 

the atmospheric impacts of these 

fluorinated GHGs and HTFs are 

reflected in facility calculations and 

CO2e emissions totals. Otherwise, an 

effective GWP of zero would continue to 

underestimate the atmospheric impacts 

of the fluorinated GHGs or HTFs 

emitted or supplied, which could lead 

to a significant underestimate of facility 

CO2e emissions as a whole. 

Such underestimates lead to 

inconsistencies between facilities and 

industries in terms of the completeness 

of the CO2e emissions calculated and 

reported. It is important for the EPA to 

assign GWPs to all GHGs in order to 

understand the potential impact of 

certain sectors and facilities, compare 

emissions, and provide consistency and 

transparency with respect to emissions 

across the program. 

In addition to these benefits, 

establishing default GWPs would 

increase the long-term stability and 

predictability of the GWPs used under 

the GHGRP. As chemical-specific GWPs 

for GHGs were developed, peer 

reviewed, and added to Table A–1, the 

change from each default GWP to the 

chemical-specific GWP would likely be 

considerably smaller than the change 

from zero to the chemical-specific GWP. 

This would greatly reduce the 

magnitude of any future revisions to or 

inconsistencies in the time series of 

CO2e emissions. At the same time, 

having a default GWP for each GHG may 

allow the EPA to update Table A–1 less 

frequently because the default would 

reduce the error in CO2e estimates that 

presently arises from not having a 

chemical-specific GWP for that GHG on 

Table A–1. 

2. Addition of Chemical-Specific GWPs 

for 103 Compounds and Update of GWP 

for Sevoflurane 

We are proposing to amend Table A– 

1 to Subpart A of Part 98 to add peerreviewed GWPs for the 103 compounds 

listed in Table 2 of this preamble. To 

reflect the latest scientific consensus 

regarding fluorinated GHGs that do not 

have GWPs in AR4, we are proposing to 

adopt the GWPs provided for 102 of 

these 103 compounds in Table 8.A.1 of 

AR5.10

TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1 

Common or trade name Chemical name(s) CAS No. Chemical formula AR5 GWP 

(100 year) 

Saturated HFCs 

HFC-227ca ............................ 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoropropane ........................ 2252–84–8 CF3CF2CHF2 ....................................................... 2640 

HFC-245cb ............................ 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane .............................. 1814–88–6 CF3CF2CH3 .......................................................... 4620 

HFC-245ea ............................ 1,1,2,3,3-Pentafluoropropane .............................. 24270–66–4 CHF2CHFCHF2 .................................................... 235 

HFC-245eb ............................ 1,1,1,2,3-Pentafluoropropane .............................. 431–31–2 CH2FCHFCF3 ...................................................... 290 

HFC-263fb ............................. 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane ......................................... 421–07–8 CH3CH2CF3 ......................................................... 76 

HFC-272ca ............................ 2,2-Difluoropropane ............................................. 420–45–1 CH3CF2CH3 ......................................................... 144 

HFC-329p .............................. 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluorobutane ..................... 375–17–7 CHF2CF2CF2CF3 ................................................. 2360 

Saturated PFCs 

PFC-6-1-12 ........................... Hexadecafluoroheptane ...................................... 335–57–9 C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3 ........................................... 7820 

PFC-7-1-18 ........................... Octadecafluorooctane ......................................... 307–34–6 C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3 ........................................... 7620 

Perfluorodecalin (cis) ........................................... 60433–11–6 Z-C10F18 ............................................................... 7240 

Perfluorodecalin (trans) ....................................... 60433–12–7 E-C10F18 ............................................................... 6290 

Saturated HFEs 

Partially Segregated HFEs 

HFE-263m1; R-E-143a ......... 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethoxy)ethane .... 690–22–2 CF3OCH2CH3 ...................................................... 29 

HFE-365mcf2 ........................ 1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane ................. 22052–81–9 CF3CF2OCH2CH3 ................................................ 58 

HG’-01 ................................... 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-dimethoxyethane ............ 73287–23–7 CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 ............................................. 222 

HG’-02 ................................... 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-methoxy-2-(1,1,2,2- 

tetrafluoro-2-methoxyethoxy)ethane.

485399–46–0 CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 .......................................... 236 

HG’-03 ................................... 3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10-Dodecafluoro-2,5,8,11- 

tetraoxadodecane.

485399–48–2 CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 .......................................... 221 

Difluoro(methoxy)methane .................................. 359–15–9 CH3OCHF2 .......................................................... 144 

2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane ........... 425–87–6 CH3OCF2CHFCl .................................................. 122 

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ......... 22052–86–4 CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 .......................................... 61 

2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5-bis 

[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]- 

furan.

920979–28–8 C12H5F19O2 .......................................................... 56 

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane ............. 380–34–7 CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 ......................................... 23 

Fluoro(methoxy)methane .................................... 460–22–0 CH3OCH2F .......................................................... 13 


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TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1—Continued 

Common or trade name Chemical name(s) CAS No. Chemical formula AR5 GWP 

(100 year) 

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane; Methyl 

2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.

60598–17–6 CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 .............................................. 0.49 

Non-Segregated HFEs 

HCFE-235ca2; enflurane ...... 2-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2- 

trifluoroethane.

13838–16–9 CHF2OCF2CHFCl ................................................ 583 

HFE-236ca ............................ 1-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane .... 32778–11–3 CHF2OCF2CHF2 .................................................. 4240 

HFE-329me3 ......................... 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoro-3- 

(trifluoromethoxy)propane.

428454–68–6 CF3CFHCF2OCF3 ................................................ 4550 

HFE-347mmz1; Sevoflurane 2-(Difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,3,3,3- 

hexafluoropropane.

28523–86–6 (CF3)2CHOCHF2 .................................................. 216 

HFE-356mff2 ......................... bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether ............................... 333–36–8 CF3CH2OCH2CF3 ................................................ 17 

HG-02 .................................... 1-(Difluoromethoxy)-2-(2-(difluoromethoxy)- 

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1,1,2,2- 

tetrafluoroethane.

205367–61–9 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H ................................... 2730 

HG-03 .................................... 1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12- 

Hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane.

173350–37–3 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3-OCF2H ................................... 2850 

HG-20 .................................... (Difluoromethoxy)((difluoromethoxy) 

difluoromethoxy) difluoromethane.

249932–25–0 HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H ......................................... 5300 

HG-21 .................................... 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,8,8,10,10-Dodecafluoro-2,4,6,9- 

tetraoxadecane.

249932–26–1 HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H ..................... 3890 

HG-30 .................................... 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-Decafluoro-2,4,6,8- 

tetraoxanonane.

188690–77–9 HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H ......................................... 7330 

1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2- 

tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane.

3330–15–2 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 .......................................... 6490 

1,1’-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2- 

tetrafluoroethane.

205367–61–9 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H ..................................... 4920 

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12- 

hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane.

173350–37–3 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3CF2H ..................................... 4490 

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15- 

eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14- 

Pentaoxapentadecane.

173350–38–4 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H ..................................... 3630 

1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane .......... 84011–06–3 CHF2CHFOCF3 ................................................... 1240 

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane ....... 37031–31–5 CH2FOCF2CF2H .................................................. 871 

Trifluoro (fluoromethoxy) methane ...................... 2261–01–0 CH2FOCF3 ........................................................... 751 

Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ......................... 461–63–2 CH2FOCHF2 ........................................................ 617 

Fluoro (fluoromethoxy) methane ......................... 462–51–1 CH2FOCH2F ........................................................ 130 

Unsaturated Compounds 

Unsaturated HFCs and Unsaturated HCFCs 

HFC-1132a; VF2 ................... vinylidiene fluoride ............................................... 75–38–7 C2H2F2, CF2=CH2 ................................................ 0.04 

HFC-1141; VF ....................... vinyl fluoride ........................................................ 75–02–5 C2H3F, CH2=CHF ................................................ 0.02 

(E)-HFC-1225ye .................... (E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene ................... 5595–10–8 CF3CF=CHF(E) ................................................... 0.06 

(Z)-HFC-1225ye .................... (Z)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene .................... 5528–43–8 CF3CF=CHF(Z) .................................................... 0.22 

Solstice 1233zd(E) ................ trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene .............. 102687–65–0 C3H2ClF3; .............................................................

CHCl=CHCF3 .......................................................

1.34 

HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf ..... 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ............................. 754–12–1 C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2 ........................................... 0.31 

HFC-1234ze(E) ..................... (E)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ....................... 1645–83–6 C3H22F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF .................................. 0.97 

HFC-1234ze(Z) ..................... (Z)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene ........................ 29118–25–0 C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH=CHF; CF3CH=CHF(Z) ..... 0.29 

HFC-1243zf; TFP .................. trifluoro propene (TFP); 3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1- 

ene.

677–21–4 C3H3F3,CF3CH=CH2 ............................................ 0.12 

(Z)-HFC-1336 ........................ (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut-2-ene .................... 692–49–9 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) ............................................... 1.58 

HFO–1345zfc ........................ 3,3,4,4,4-Pentafluorobut-1-ene ............................ 374–27–6 C2F5CH=CH2 ....................................................... 0.09 

Capstone 42-U ...................... perfluorobutyl ethene (42-U); 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- 

Nonafluorohex-1-ene.

19430–93–4 C6H3F9,CF3(CF2) 3CH=CH2 ................................. 0.16 

Capstone 62-U ...................... perfluorohexyl ethene (62-U); 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Tridecafluorooct-1- 

ene.

25291–17–2 C8H3F13,CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2 ................................. 0.11 

Capstone 82-U ...................... perfluorooctyl ethene (82-U); 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10- 

Heptadecafluorodec-1-ene.

21652–58–4 C10H3F17,CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2 ............................... 0.09 

Unsaturated PFCs 

PFC-1114; TFE ..................... tetrafluoroethylene (TFE); Perfluoroethene ......... 116–14–3 CF2=CF2; C2F4 .................................................... 0.004 

PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP ....... hexafluoropropylene (HFP); Perfluoropropene ... 116–15–4 C3F6; CF3CF=CF2 ................................................ 0.05 

PFC C-1418 .......................... Perfluorocyclopentene; Octafluorocyclopentene 559–40–0 c-C5F8 .................................................................. 1.97 

Perfluorobut-2-ene ............................................... 360–89–4 CF3CF=CFCF3 ..................................................... 1.82 

Perfluorobut-1-ene ............................................... 357–26–6 CF3CF2CF=CF2 ................................................... 0.10 

Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene ....................................... 685–63–2 CF2=CFCF=CF2 .................................................. 0.003 

Unsaturated Halogenated Ethers 

PMVE; HFE-216 ................... perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) .................... 1187–93–5 CF3OCF = CF2 ..................................................... 0.17 

Fluoroxene ............................ (2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy) ethene ............................. 406–90–6 CF3CH2OCH=CH2 ............................................... 0.05 


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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 44339 

11Hodnebrog, ;., M. Etminan, J.S. Fuglestvedt, G. 

Marston, G. Myhre, C.J. Nielsen, K.P. Shine, and T.J. 

Wallington. ‘‘Global Warming Potentials and 

Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related 

Compounds: A Comprehensive Review,’’ Reviews 

of Geophysics, Accepted manuscript online: 24 

April 2013. 

12However, as noted in the proposed 2013 

Revisions Rule, the absolute error (i.e., error in total 

CO2e) associated with this overestimate is expected 

to be small when the GWP itself is small, which is 

Continued 

TABLE 2—CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1—Continued 

Common or trade name Chemical name(s) CAS No. Chemical formula AR5 GWP 

(100 year) 

Other Short-Lived Compounds 

Ketones 

Novec 1230 ........................... FK–5–1–12 Perfluoroketone; FK–5–1–12myy2; 

perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone).

756–13–8 CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 ........................................ 0.1 

Fluorinated Aldehydes 

3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal ....................................... 460–40–2 CF3CH2CHO ........................................................ 0.01 

Fluorotelomer Alcohols 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol .... 185689–57–0 CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH .......................................... 0.43 

3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol .................................... 2240–88–2 CF3CH2CH2OH .................................................... 0.35 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9- 

Pentadecafluorononan-1-ol.

755–02–2 CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH .......................................... 0.33 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- 

Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol.

87017–97–8 CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH .......................................... 0.19 

Compounds including one or more carbon-iodine bonds 

Trifluoroiodomethane ........................................... 2314–97–8 CF3I ..................................................................... a 0.4 

Other Compounds 

Trifluoromethyl formate ....................................... 85358–65–2 HCOOCF3 ............................................................ 588 

Perfluoroethyl formate ......................................... 313064–40–3 HCOOCF2CF3 ..................................................... 580 

1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate .......................... 481631–19–0 HCOOCHFCF3 .................................................... 470 

Perfluorobutyl formate ......................................... 197218–56–7 HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ......................................... 392 

Perfluoropropyl formate ....................................... 271257–42–2 HCOOCF2CF2CF3 ............................................... 376 

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate ......... 856766–70–6 HCOOCH(CF3)2 ................................................... 333 

Halon 1202 ............................ Dibromodifluoromethane ..................................... 75–61–6 CBr2F2 ................................................................. 231 

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol ....................... 920–66–1 (CF3)2CHOH ........................................................ 182 

Methyl carbonofluoridate ..................................... 1538–06–3 FCOOCH3 ............................................................ 95 

Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................................ 431–47–0 CF3COOCH3 ........................................................ 52 

Halon-2311; Halothane ......... 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane ............... 151–67–7 CHBrClCF3 .......................................................... 41 

2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol ..................... 375–01–9 C3F7CH2OH ........................................................ 34 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate ................................. 32042–38–9 HCOOCH2CF3 ..................................................... 33 

1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................ 1344118–13–3 CF3COOCF2CH3 ................................................. 31 

Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................... 2024–86–4 CF3COOCHF2 ..................................................... 27 

1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate ..................... 1344118–11–1 FCOOCF2CH3 ..................................................... 27 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol .......................................... 75–89–8 CF3CH2OH .......................................................... 20 

2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol ......................... 422–05–9 CF3CF2CH2OH .................................................... 19 

2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol ......................... 382–31–0 CF3CHFCF2CH2OH ............................................. 17 

3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate ............................... 1344118–09–7 HCOOCH2CH2CF3 .............................................. 17 

2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol ..................... 375–01–9 CF3CF2CF2CH2OH .............................................. 16 

2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol ............................. 76–37–9 CHF2CF2CH2OH .................................................. 13 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ............ 407–38–5 CF3COOCH2CF3 ................................................. 7 

Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate ................................... 433–53–4 HCF2COOCH3 ..................................................... 3 

2,2-Difluoroethanol .............................................. 359–13–7 CHF2CH2OH ....................................................... 3 

Perfluoroethyl acetate ......................................... 343269–97–6 CH3COOCF2CF3 ................................................. 2.1 

Trifluoromethyl acetate ........................................ 74123–20–9 CH3COOCF3 ........................................................ 2.0 

Perfluoropropyl acetate ....................................... 1344118–10–0 CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 ........................................... 1.8 

Perfluorobutyl acetate ......................................... 209597–28–4 CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ..................................... 1.6 

Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate .................................. 383–63–1 CF3COOCH2CH3 ................................................. 1.3 

2-Fluoroethanol ................................................... 371–62–0 CH2FCH2OH ........................................................ 1.1 

4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol ...................................... 461–18–7 CF3(CH2) 2CH2OH ............................................... 0.05 

aAR4. 

In their compilation of the GWPs 

available in the scientific peer-reviewed 

literature for fluorinated GHGs, the 

authors of AR5 relied on the article 

‘‘Global Warming Potentials and 

Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons 

and Related Compounds: A 

Comprehensive Review’’ (hereinafter 

referred to as the ‘‘Comprehensive 

Review’’).11 The Comprehensive Review 

refined and adjusted the GWPs that had 

been previously published for the 

fluorinated GHGs, for example updating 

them to reflect the most recent 

consensus absolute global warming 

potential of CO2, to which all other 

GWPs are indexed. One set of 

adjustments is of particular interest for 

the 13 short-lived compounds for which 

the EPA previously proposed to add 

GWPs in the proposed 2013 Revisions 

Rule. These are adjustments to the 

radiative efficiencies of short-lived 

compounds to better account for the fact 

that such compounds are not well 

mixed in the atmosphere. As discussed 

in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule, 

GWPs estimated for short-lived 

compounds are often based on the 

assumption that the compounds are 

well mixed in the atmosphere, and this 

assumption can lead to overestimated 

GWPs.12 This expectation was 


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generally the case for GHGs with atmospheric 

lifetimes of a few days or weeks (78 FR 19813). 

confirmed by the adjustments made in 

the Comprehensive Review, which 

significantly lowered the estimated 

GWPs of the short-lived compounds 

compared to those that were proposed 

in the proposed 2013 Revisions Rule. 

The GWPs for short-lived compounds 

that we are proposing to adopt from 

AR5 reflect these adjustments. 

AR5 expresses the GWPs of many 

short-lived compounds as ‘‘<1.’’ To 

allow calculations of CO2e, which 

require a point estimate of each 

compound’s GWP, we have calculated 

more precise GWPs for these 

compounds based on the radiative 

efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes 

provided for the compounds in AR5. 

Table 2 of this preamble lists the precise 

GWPs. We are also considering the 

option of assigning a GWP of ‘‘1’’ to 

these compounds. While using a GWP 

of 1 would lead to an overestimate of 

CO2e emissions, this overestimate 

would be extremely small in most cases, 

and using a GWP of 1 would simplify 

calculations. We specifically request 

comment on whether we should assign 

the precise GWP (e.g., 0.12 for 

trifluoropropene) or ‘‘1’’ in these cases. 

The Supplementary Material to 

Chapter 8 of AR5 (Table 8.SM.16) 

includes another set of GWPs for the 

GHGs included in Table 8.A.1. These 

GWPs have been adjusted to reflect 

feedback mechanisms that increase the 

GWPs by between 10 and 22 percent, 

depending on the atmospheric lifetime 

of the GHG. Because the GWPs included 

in AR4 (and earlier IPCC Scientific 

Assessment Reports) did not include 

this adjustment, we are not proposing to 

adopt the set of GWPs in AR5 that 

includes it. This will retain as much 

comparability as practicable among the 

GWPs used in the GHGRP, given our 

interest in remaining consistent with the 

GWPs used for UNFCCC reporting (i.e., 

the AR4 GWPs for the GHGs with GWPs 

in AR4). 

For one fluorinated GHG, 

trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), we are 

proposing to add a chemical-specific 

GWP from AR4. This GWP is 0.4. (There 

is no GWP for trifluoroiodomethane in 

AR5.) The GWP for 

trifluoroiodomethane was inadvertently 

omitted from earlier versions of Table 

A–1. 

We are also proposing to update the 

GWP of sevoflurane, a hydrofluoroether 

that is used as an anesthetic. As noted 

above, the GWP for sevoflurane that is 

currently in Table A–1 (345) is based on 

a 1999 paper from the peer-reviewed 

literature because no IPCC report 

(including AR4) had included a GWP 

for sevoflurane when Part 98 was first 

promulgated. In today’s action, we are 

proposing to adopt the GWP provided 

for sevoflurane in AR5 (216), which is 

more accurate and reflects the current 

international scientific consensus. 

To make Table A–1 easier to use 

while accommodating the additional 

chemical-specific GWPs, we are 

proposing to reorganize the chemicalspecific GWPs on Table A–1 by 

fluorinated GHG group and/or 

subgroup. These fluorinated GHG 

groups and subgroups are the same as 

those discussed as the basis for the 

proposed default GWPs in section II.C.3. 

of this preamble. The reorganized Table 

A–1 appears in the proposed regulatory 

text. 

3. Addition of Default GWPs for 

Fluorinated GHGs That Do Not Have 

Chemical-Specific GWPs on Table A–1 

The EPA is proposing eight default 

GWP values based on fluorinated GHG 

group. These default GWPs would be 

added to Table A–1 and would apply to 

fluorinated GHGs and HTFs not 

otherwise listed on Table A–1. The 

proposed fluorinated GHG groups are: 

(1) Fully fluorinated GHGs and HTFs, 

(2) saturated hydrofluorocarbons 

(HFCs), (3) partially segregated saturated 

HFEs and hydrochlorofluoroethers 

(HCFEs), (4) non-segregated saturated 

HFEs and HCFEs, (5) unsaturated 

perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated 

HFCs, unsaturated 

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), 

unsaturated ethers, unsaturated 

halogenated esters, and fluorinated 

ketones, (6) fluorotelomer alcohols, (7) 

fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds, and (8) other GHGs and HTFs. 

For each fluorinated GHG group, we are 

basing the proposed default GWPs on 

the average of the chemical-specific 

GWPs of chemicals that belong to that 

group and that are either on Table A– 

1 or are proposed to be added to Table 

A–1 under this proposed rule. The 

proposed fluorinated GHG groups and 

associated GWPs are listed in Table 3 of 

this preamble. 

TABLE 3—DEFAULT GWPS PROPOSED FOR ADDITION TO TABLE A–1 

Fluorinated GHG group Proposed GWP 

(100-year) 

Fully fluorinated GHGs .................................................................................................................................................................. 10,000 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ........................................................................................................................................... 2,200 

Partially segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs ......................................................................................................................... 200 

Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs ............................................................................................................................... 2,400 

Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated halogenated 

esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones ............................................................................................................. 1 

Fluorotelomer alcohols .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 

Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) .............................................................................................................................. 1 

Other fluorinated GHGs ................................................................................................................................................................. 110 

a. Fluorinated GHG Groups 

The fluorinated GHG groups are based 

primarily on chemical structure, which 

is correlated with atmospheric lifetime 

and GWP. Thus, within each group, 

GWPs fall into a relatively limited 

range, and among the groups, GWPs 

vary significantly. This permits default 

GWPs to be established with more 

precision than is possible with larger or 

more diverse sets of fluorinated GHGs. 

In proposing these groups, the EPA 

has taken into consideration the 

comments received on the default GWPs 

that were proposed for purposes of 

reporting emissions under subpart L. 

We proposed five fluorinated GHG 

groups and associated default GWPs in 

the proposed amendments to subpart L, 

including (1) fully fluorinated GHGs 

and HTFs, (2) saturated HFCs, (3) 

saturated HFEs and saturated HCFEs, (4) 

unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, 

unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated HFEs, 

and fluorinated ketones, and (5) other 

GHGs and HTFs. Commenters requested 

that we split the third group, expand the 


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13The analysis supporting the proposed default 

GWPs, ‘‘Revised Analysis of Potential Default GWPs 

for Fluorinated GHGs Reported Under the GHGRP,’’ 

is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927. 

14Blowers, P., D.M. Moline, K.F. Tetrault, R.R. 

Wheeler, and S.L. Tuchawena. 2008. Global 

Warming Potentials of Hydrofluoroethers. Environ. 

Sci. Technol. 42, 1301–1307. 

15 ‘‘Analysis of Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative 

Efficiencies, and Global Warming Potentials of 

Saturated Hydrofluoroethers by Number of CarbonHydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine Bonds,’’ available in 

Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2009–0927. 

fourth group, and add two additional 

groups, fluorotelomer alcohols and 

fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds, to increase the precision and 

accuracy of the default GWPs applied to 

the chemicals in these groups. The 

commenters stated that five types of 

chemicals, including unsaturated 

fluorinated ethers, unsaturated 

halogenated esters, fluorinated 

aldehydes, fluorotelomer alcohols, and 

fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds, would have been assigned GWPs 

that were too high if they had remained 

in the ‘‘Other’’ category. They further 

stated that two types of saturated HFEs 

and HCFEs would have been assigned 

GWPs that were, on average, either too 

high (for partially segregated saturated 

HFEs and HCFEs) or too low (for nonsegregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs). 

We agree with these comments and are 

consequently including the suggested 

additional fluorinated GHG groups and 

associated default GWPs in this 

proposed rule.13 We are also revising 

the group of unsaturated compounds to 

include unsaturated fluorinated ethers, 

unsaturated halogenated esters, and 

fluorinated aldehydes. 

The definitions and characteristics of 

each fluorinated GHG group are 

discussed below: 

Fully fluorinated GHGs. Fully 

fluorinated GHGs are fluorinated GHGs 

that contain only single bonds and in 

which all available valence locations are 

filled by fluorine atoms. This group 

includes but is not limited to saturated 

perfluorocarbons; SF5CF3; fully 

fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic 

alkanes; fully fluorinated ethers; fully 

fluorinated tertiary amines; fully 

fluorinated aminoethers; and 

perfluoropolyethers. As discussed 

further below, for purposes of 

establishing a default GWP, we are 

proposing to exclude NF3 and SF6 from 

the group as we did in the proposed 

amendments to subpart L. The 

remaining fully fluorinated GHGs for 

which data are available have lifetimes 

of over 500 to several thousand years 

and GWPs of 6,290 to 17,700. 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons. This 

group would include HFCs that contain 

only single bonds (i.e., 

hydrofluoroalkanes such as HFC–134a). 

Saturated HFCs have lifetimes from 0.3 

years to 270 years and GWPs from 12 to 

14,800. The average GWP of saturated 

HFCs is approximately 2,200, the 

default GWP that we would assign to 

this group. Because the range of 

lifetimes and GWPs spanned by the 

saturated HFCs is quite large, we are 

also considering the option of 

establishing two default GWPs for HFCs: 

One for shorter-lived HFCs and one for 

longer-lived HFCs. This would provide 

more precise information regarding the 

atmospheric behavior of each group. For 

example, the average GWP of the 

saturated HFCs with atmospheric 

lifetimes above 20 years is 

approximately 5,700, while the average 

GWP of the saturated HFCs with 

atmospheric lifetimes below 20 years is 

approximately 600. However, the 

drawback of establishing default GWPs 

by atmospheric lifetime is that it 

requires reporters to know the 

atmospheric lifetimes of the HFCs to 

which the default GWPs would be 

applied. This information is not likely 

to be available for many HFCs that are 

not on Table A–1. The EPA specifically 

requests comment on the option of 

establishing different GWPs for shortand longer-lived HFCs. We also request 

comment on the option of establishing 

GWPs for HFCs based on the number of 

carbon-hydrogen bonds in the molecule, 

an option discussed in more detail for 

HFEs below and in ‘‘Analysis of 

Atmospheric Lifetimes, Radiative 

Efficiencies, and Global Warming 

Potentials of Saturated 

Hydrofluoroethers by Number of 

Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Fluorine 

Bonds,’’ (available in Docket EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2009–0927), which includes an 

analysis of the relationship between the 

number of carbon-hydrogen bonds and 

GWPs in HFCs. 

Non-segregated saturated HFEs and 

HCFEs. This group would include HFEs 

and HCFEs that contain only single 

bonds and include fluorine substitutes 

on all alkyl groups (e.g., HFE–134). This 

group and the partially segregated 

saturated HFEs and HCFEs, discussed 

below, are based on chemical structure 

and break the set of saturated HFEs and 

HCFEs into two smaller sets with 

relatively limited ranges of atmospheric 

lifetimes and GWPs. HFEs and HCFEs in 

this category have atmospheric lifetimes 

ranging from less than 1 year to 136 

years and GWPs ranging from 11 to 

14,900. Although there is a significant 

difference between the highest and 

lowest GWPs in this group, most 

compounds in the group have GWPs of 

more than 500. The average GWP of the 

group is 2,400, the default GWP that we 

would assign to this group. 

Partially segregated saturated HFEs 

and HCFEs. This group would include 

HFEs and HCFEs that contain only 

single bonds as well as at least one fully 

hydrogenated alkyl group with no 

fluorine or chlorine substitutes (e.g., 

HFE–356mm1). HFEs and HCFEs in this 

category have atmospheric lifetimes 

from a few weeks to 5.2 years and GWPs 

from 0.5 to 756. Most compounds in this 

category have GWPs below 500. The 

average GWP of the group is 200, the 

default GWP that we would assign to 

this group. 

A 2008 study suggested that the 

number of carbon-hydrogen (C–H) 

bonds in saturated HFEs was a better 

predictor of their atmospheric lifetimes, 

and therefore GWPs, than whether the 

HFEs were non-segregated or partially 

segregated.14 Based on our analysis, 

dividing the set of HFEs and HCFEs into 

two or more groups based on the 

number of C–H bonds could increase 

the accuracy and precision of the 

associated default GWPs compared to 

dividing the HFEs and HCFEs into the 

non-segregated and partially segregated 

groups.15 We specifically request 

comment on the option of basing default 

GWPs for HFEs and HCFEs on the 

number of C–H bonds in the molecule. 

Unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, 

unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated 

halogenated ethers, unsaturated 

halogenated esters, fluorinated 

aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones. 

This group would include very shortlived compounds including unsaturated 

PFCs (e.g., hexafluoropropylene and 

tetrafluoroethylene), unsaturated HFCs 

(e.g., HFC–1234yf and perfluorobutyl 

ethene), unsaturated HCFCs, 

unsaturated halogenated ethers (e.g., 

fluoroxene), unsaturated halogenated 

esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and 

fluorinated ketones. These GHGs have 

lifetimes of a few days to weeks. The 

average GWPs of the subgroups, where 

they have been evaluated, range from 

0.01 to 0.7. The average GWP for the 

group is 0.4, but we are proposing to 

assign a default GWP of one to simplify 

calculations. Using a default GWP of 

one would lead to an overestimate of 

CO2e emissions, but this overestimate 

would be extremely small in most cases. 

We specifically request comment on this 

approach. 

While multiple studies have indicated 

that unsaturated PFCs and unsaturated 

HFCs have low GWPs, fewer studies 

have evaluated GWPs for unsaturated 

HCFCs, unsaturated fluorinated ethers, 

fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated 


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16However, at least one study found that a 

number of fluorinated ketones and fluorinated 

aldehydes had brief atmospheric lifetimes (several 

days) (Derwent, R.G. 1995. ‘‘Sources, Distributions, 

and Fates of VOCs in the Atmosphere.’’ Issues in 

Environmental Science and Technology, 4. pp 1– 

16.) All the fluorinated GHGs that have GWPs in 

AR5 and that have atmospheric lifetimes of less 

than two weeks have GWPs of less than one. 

17The number of significant figures to which the 

average GWPs were rounded depended on the 

relative and absolute errors associated with that 

number of significant figures. In general, GWPs 

were rounded to two significant figures when the 

average GWP was greater than 100, reflecting 

uncertainties in the average of a few percent. One 

exception was the rounded average GWP for fully 

fluorinated fluorocarbons, which was rounded to 

one significant figure (10,000) rather than two 

(9,900) because the uncertainty associated with the 

second figure (i.e., ±100) is only about one percent 

of the average GWP for the group. Rounding the 

average for the fully fluorinated fluorocarbons to 

the nearest 100 (9,900) would understate the 

uncertainty associated with the default and result 

in a less robust default that would be more sensitive 

to small changes in the set of GWPs used to 

calculate the default. GWPs of less than one were 

rounded to one decimal place because, for the 

affected gases, the absolute error in CO2e emissions 

that is associated with this rounding is expected to 

be small. 

ketones.16 Thus, the GWPs of these 

subgroups are less certain. The EPA 

specifically requests comment on the 

likely variability of the lifetimes and 

GWPs of unsaturated HCFCs, 

unsaturated fluorinated ethers, 

fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated 

ketones and on whether or not these 

compounds should be included in the 

very-short-lived group or in the ‘‘Other 

fluorinated GHG’’ group, discussed 

below. 

Although the EPA is not aware of any 

peer-reviewed studies that have 

evaluated GWPs for unsaturated 

fluorinated esters, the atmospheric 

behavior of saturated fluorinated esters 

and of other unsaturated compounds 

indicates that unsaturated fluorinated 

esters are likely to have low GWPs. The 

fluorinated esters with GWPs in AR5 

(including the fluorinated acetates and 

formates) have GWPs ranging from 2 to 

588, which is significantly lower than 

the ranges of GWPs for saturated HFCs 

and PFCs, respectively. This implies 

that the unsaturated esters are likely to 

have GWPs that are comparable to or 

lower than the GWPs of the unsaturated 

HFCs and PFCs. However, we are 

specifically requesting comment on 

whether this line of reasoning justifies 

the inclusion of unsaturated fluorinated 

esters in the same group as unsaturated 

HFCs and PFCs, to which we are 

proposing to assign a default GWP of 

one. The alternative group would be the 

‘‘Other Fluorinated GHG’’ group, to 

which we are proposing to assign a 

default GWP of 110. 

Fluorotelomer alcohols. This group 

includes saturated fluorinated 

compounds with the chemical formula 

CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH. Fluorotelomer 

alcohols have atmospheric lifetimes 

ranging from 2 to 3 weeks and GWPs 

ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Their average 

GWP is 0.3. We are proposing a default 

GWP of one for this group; however, as 

for the unsaturated compounds 

discussed above, we particularly request 

comment on assigning a GWP equal to 

the average GWP of the group. 

Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds. Fluorinated GHGs with carboniodine bonds have very short 

atmospheric lifetimes. AR4 included an 

atmospheric lifetime of 2 days and a 

GWP of 0.4 for one member of this 

group, CF3I. Peer-reviewed studies on 

other members of this group have found 

similarly brief atmospheric lifetimes but 

have not assigned GWPs. We are 

proposing a default GWP of one for this 

group. 

Other fluorinated GHGs. This group 

includes the fluorinated GHGs that do 

not fall into any of the seven sets 

defined above. To ensure that the gas 

groups are both distinct (i.e., do not 

overlap) and comprehensive (i.e., cover 

all fluorinated GHGs), this gas group is 

a catch-all for any remaining fluorinated 

GHGs. Based on the list of compounds 

and GWPs included in AR5, the EPA’s 

understanding is that this group would 

consist of saturated fluorinated acetates, 

saturated fluorinated formates, 

carbonofluoridates, and fluorinated 

alcohols (other than fluorotelomer 

alcohols) with lifetimes ranging from a 

few weeks to a few years and GWPs 

ranging from less than 5 to the 

hundreds. The EPA specifically requests 

comment on which chemicals would 

fall into this group and on their 

atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs. We 

are proposing a default GWP of 110 for 

this group. 

b. Calculation of Default GWPs 

For each group, we have taken the 

average GWP of the group, rounding it 

to one or two significant figures.17 For 

example, to determine the default GWP 

for fully fluorinated GHGs, we 

determined the average GWP of all fully 

fluorinated fluorocarbons in either 

Table A–1 or, for compounds not 

included in Table A–1, in AR5. The 

average GWP for the fully fluorinated 

fluorocarbons is equal to 9,857. This 

provided the default GWP of 10,000 for 

fully fluorinated compounds. 

This approach is expected to result in 

an unbiased estimate of the GWP of 

each fluorinated GHG group because, at 

the present time, the GWPs of the 

fluorinated GHGs on Table A–1 are not 

expected to be any lower or higher, on 

average, than the GWPs of the 

fluorinated GHGs that are not on Table 

A–1. However, for the ‘‘Other 

fluorinated GHGs’’ group, which is a 

‘‘catch-all’’ category for fluorinated 

GHGs that do not fit into any other 

group, it is possible that newly 

synthesized types of compounds could 

have GWPs significantly different from 

the GWPs of the types of compounds 

that are currently in the group. Given 

this uncertainty, we are specifically 

requesting comment on an alternative 

option. This option would be to adopt 

a default GWP for this group based on 

the average of the GWPs of all 

fluorinated GHGs (i.e., 2000). This 

would recognize that the uncertainty 

associated with the GWPs of newly 

synthesized compound types may 

exceed that associated with the GWPs of 

the compound types currently identified 

as belonging to the ‘‘other fluorinated 

GHGs’’ group. However, while adopting 

a GWP of 2000 would decrease the 

likelihood of underestimating the GWPs 

of new types of compounds, it would 

significantly overestimate the GWPs of 

the compound types that have been 

identified to date as belonging to this 

group. 

The EPA also requests comment on 

the sets of chemicals selected as the 

bases for the default GWPs. First, we are 

specifically requesting comment on the 

fluorinated GHG groups proposed here. 

Do they capture most of the variability 

in GWPs exhibited by fluorinated 

GHGs? If not, please explain (1) what 

alternative fluorinated GHG groups 

would capture this variability, and 

(2) whether facilities could easily 

determine to which fluorinated GHG 

group a particular fluorinated 

compound belonged. 

Second, we are requesting comment 

on the individual chemicals whose 

GWPs are used to establish GWPs for 

each fluorinated GHG group. We are 

specifically interested in comments on 

how to treat compounds with relatively 

high or low GWPs for their groups (i.e., 

outliers). Within the group of fully 

fluorinated GHGs, relatively high GWPs 

are generally a consequence of a 

compound’s radiative efficiency (or, 

more precisely, the ratio of the 

compound’s radiative efficiency to its 

molecular weight), which is in turn 

influenced by the compound’s inclusion 

of bonds other than C–F bonds 

(e.g., S–F or N–F bonds in SF6, SF5CF3, 

and NF3) or by a cyclic structure (as for 

c-C3F6). Within the other fluorinated 

GHG groups, relatively high-GWP 

compounds are those that are relatively 

long-lived, such as HFC–23 among the 

saturated HFCs and HFE–125 and HFE– 


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134 among the saturated HFEs, while 

relatively low-GWP compounds are 

those that are short-lived, such as HFC– 

152a among the saturated HFCs. 

To develop the proposed defaults, we 

have included outliers where we could 

not rule out the possibility that such 

outliers may also occur among the 

fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs we wish 

to estimate through the use of defaults. 

Thus, to estimate the default GWP for 

fully fluorinated GHGs, the EPA did not 

include SF6 or NF3, because the 

definition of ‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ does 

not include any other compounds 

whose radiatively important bonds 

consist exclusively of S–F or N–F 

bonds. However, we did include 

SF5CF3, because the definition of 

‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ does include 

fluorocarbons, which may include S–F 

and N–F bonds in addition to C–F 

bonds. We also included cyclic 

fluorinated GHGs for the same reason. 

An analysis of how the default GWPs 

change based on the inclusion or 

exclusion of outliers is included in the 

docket for this rulemaking. For fully 

fluorinated GHGs, the inclusion of SF6

and NF3 would increase the default 

from 10,000 to 11,000, while the 

exclusion of c-C3F6 and SF5CF3

(numerical outliers) would decrease the 

default to 9,000. 

We are also specifically requesting 

comment on whether fluorinated GHGs 

that contain chlorine should be 

included in the ‘‘other fluorinated 

GHG’’ group or in the fluorinated GHG 

groups in which chemically similar 

fluorinated GHGs that do not contain 

chlorine are included. While most 

chlorine-containing GHGs are regulated 

under the EPA’s Stratospheric Ozone 

Protection Regulations at 40 CFR part 

82, subpart A and are therefore 

excluded from the definition of 

‘‘fluorinated GHG’’ under the GHG 

Reporting Rule (and the requirements of 

subpart L), some chlorine-containing 

GHGs are included in the definition of 

‘‘fluorinated GHG.’’ These include, for 

example, a few HCFEs and unsaturated 

HCFCs. In the future, facilities may emit 

other chlorine-containing fluorinated 

GHGs (e.g., unsaturated 

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and 

unsaturated hydrobromofluorocarbons). 

In developing the proposed default 

GWPs, we have included current 

chlorine-containing fluorinated GHGs in 

the same groups as similar fluorinated 

GHGs without chlorine (grouping 

HCFEs with HFEs and unsaturated 

HCFCs with unsaturated HFCs), because 

the atmospheric lifetimes and GWPs of 

the chlorine-containing compounds are 

similar to those of the similar 

compounds without chlorine. The 

alternative would be to include the 

chlorine-containing compounds in the 

‘‘Other fluorinated GHGs’’ group, but 

this approach would lead to the use of 

less accurate default GWPs for the 

chlorine-containing compounds. 

In addition, we are specifically 

requesting comment on the option of 

calculating the default GWPs based on 

the AR5 GWPs for the chemicals in each 

group. As discussed above, our 

preferred approach is to calculate the 

default GWPs based on the chemicalspecific GWPs that would appear in 

Table A–1 as amended by this rule, that 

is, on a combination of AR4 GWPs (for 

the fluorinated GHGs that have AR4 

GWPs) and AR5 GWPs (for the 

fluorinated GHGs that do not have AR4 

GWPs). This approach would provide 

consistency between the default GWPs 

and the chemical-specific GWPs on 

Table A–1. However, for some 

fluorinated GHGs (e.g., many HFEs), the 

AR5 GWPs are significantly different 

from the AR4 GWPs. While it would be 

inconsistent with UNFCCC reporting 

guidelines to use AR5 GWPs as the 

chemical-specific GWPs for fluorinated 

GHGs that have AR4 GWPs, it would 

not be inconsistent with UNFCCC 

guidelines to use those chemicalspecific AR5 GWPs to set defaults. This 

is because the UNFCCC does not 

provide guidance regarding which 

GWPs to use for GHGs that have not had 

GWPs published in IPCC reports (i.e., 

the GHGs to which default GWPs would 

be applied). AR5 reflects the most 

current scientific understanding of the 

atmospheric lifetimes and/or radiative 

behavior of GHGs. Basing defaults on 

these newly assigned GWPs would 

increase the accuracy and the long-term 

robustness of the defaults, particularly 

for the non-segregated and partially 

segregated saturated HFE groups. 

4. Revised Definition of ‘‘Global 

Warming Potential’’ 

We are also proposing to revise the 

definition of ‘‘global warming potential’’ 

in subpart A to clarify how chemicalspecific and default GWPs would be 

selected and applied for purposes of the 

calculations in Part 98. This 

clarification states that the chemicalspecific GWPs in Table A–1 would be 

required to be applied to GHGs that had 

chemical-specific GWPs listed in Table 

A–1, while the default GWPs in Table 

A–1 would be required to be applied to 

fluorinated GHGs that did not have 

chemical-specific GWPs listed in Table 

A–1. This would help to ensure that 

chemical-specific and default GWPs 

were applied correctly and consistently 

in CO2e calculations across Part 98. 

5. Special Provisions for Facilities and 

Suppliers That Become Newly Subject 

to One or More Subparts of Part 98 Due 

to the Addition of GWPs 

As discussed further in Section III.B 

of this preamble, we do not anticipate 

that finalizing the GWPs proposed in 

this action would expand the set of 

facilities required to report under the 

Greenhouse Gas Reporting rule. 

However, to allow for the possibility 

that some facilities or suppliers could 

become newly subject to one or more 

subparts of Part 98 due to the addition 

of the GWPs, we are proposing special 

provisions for these facilities regarding 

the timing of reporting and the use of 

best available monitoring methods 

(BAMM). These provisions would be 

identical to the equivalent provisions 

for facilities and suppliers that became 

newly subject to one or more subparts 

due to the update of GWPs in the 2013 

Revisions Rule, 40 CFR 98.3(k) and (l). 

To implement this approach, we are 

proposing to revise 40 CFR 98.3(k) and 

(l) to delete most references to particular 

years and replace these with references 

based on the year during which the 

changes to the GWPs are promulgated. 

D. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and Proposed Amendments to 

Subpart L 

As discussed above, the EPA 

proposed a set of amendments to 

subpart L last November that would 

replace the two existing default GWPs 

in subpart L with five default GWPs (in 

a new Table L–1) for the calculations 

and reporting under that subpart. The 

EPA intends to finalize the proposed 

amendments to subpart L in time for 

reporting in calendar year 2015, which 

for subpart L reporters will include 

previously deferred detailed reporting of 

2011 through 2013 emissions as well as 

of 2014 emissions. We also intend to 

finalize this proposed rule in time for 

reporting in calendar year 2015, 

probably after finalizing the 

amendments to subpart L. This would 

ensure that the chemical-specific GWPs 

that would be added under this action, 

which we did not propose to add under 

the amendments to subpart L, would 

apply to subpart L emissions for the 

entire time series. In addition, while we 

anticipate that the default GWPs 

finalized in Table L–1 under the 

amendments to subpart L would be the 

same as the default GWPs finalized in 

Table A–1 under this action, we intend 

to remove Table L–1 and the references 

to it when this rule is finalized. After 

these removals, subpart L would not 

include any subpart-specific default 

GWPs. This would simplify subpart L 


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18For PSD, state and local permitting agencies 

handle the majority of GHG PSD permitting through 

either EPA-approved state rules, which generally 

incorporate the requirements from the Tailoring 

Rule provisions at 40 CFR 51.166 or 52.21, or 

through a delegation from the EPA in which the 

state issues PSD permits on behalf of the EPA using 

40 CFR 52.21. Through its Regional Offices, the 

EPA issues PSD permits for areas not covered by 

an EPA-approved or delegated state permit program 

using 40 CFR 52.21. 

19Similar to the PSD rules, EPA’s title V 

permitting regulations have also incorporated Table 

A–1 to subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 to provide a 

method for calculating emissions of GHG (in terms 

of CO2e). See 75 FR 31522, 40 CFR 70.2 (definition 

of ‘‘subject to regulation’’), 40 CFR 71.2 (same). As 

for PSD, the 2013 Revisions Rule also explained 

how a change to a GWP would relate to title V 

permitting, including in EPA-approved title V 

permitting programs implemented by state and 

local permitting authorities. 78 FR 71914–71917. 

EPA is still evaluating how, if at all, the Table A– 

1 GWPs will continue to be used in the title V 

permitting regulations in light of the Supreme 

Court’s decision in Utility Air Regulatory Group v. 

EPA. EPA will provide further information in future 

actions as appropriate. 

and ensure future as well as current 

consistency among the default GWPs 

applied across Part 98. 

E. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and Default GWP in Subpart I 

For purposes of certain calculations 

under subpart I, electronics facilities are 

required to use a default GWP of 2,000 

for fluorinated GHGs for which Table 

A–1 does not ‘‘define’’ or ‘‘list’’ a GWP 

value. These calculations include the 

preliminary calculation of stack system 

emissions at 40 CFR 98.93(i)(1) and 

(i)(2), the calculation of the relative 

standard deviation of stack emission 

factors at 40 CFR 98.94 (j)(5)(ii)(C), the 

calculation of the change in annual 

consumption of fluorinated GHGs at 40 

CFR 98.94(j)(8)(i), the calculations of the 

effective destruction or removal 

efficiency at 40 CFR 98.96 (Equations I– 

26, I–27, and I–28), and the calculation 

of the approximate percentage of total 

GHG emissions consisting of emissions 

from research and development 

activities at 40 CFR 98.96(x). To clarify 

that the default GWPs that we are 

proposing to add to Table A–1 should 

be used for these calculations rather 

than the default GWP of 2,000, we are 

proposing to remove all references to 

the default GWP of 2,000 from subpart 

I. This would ensure that the GWPs 

used for the calculations in subpart I are 

consistent with those used for all other 

calculations and reporting under Part 

98. 

F. Calculation of Differences and 

Changes in CO2e Quantities Under 

Subpart I and Subpart L 

Both subpart I and subpart L include 

calculations that compare CO2e 

parameters that are measured and/or 

calculated at different times. For 

example, under subpart I, facilities 

using the stack testing method must 

evaluate whether annual consumption 

of a fluorinated GHG has changed by 

more than 10 percent of the total annual 

fluorinated GHG consumption in CO2e 

since the most recent emissions test. If 

it has, then the facility must re-test (40 

CFR 98.94(j)(8)(i)). Under subpart L, 

facilities that plan a change to an 

operating scenario whose emission 

factor was measured must estimate and 

compare the emission calculation 

factors for the measured and changed 

scenarios. If the difference exceeds 15 

percent, then the facility must re-test (40 

CFR 98.124(c)(7)(ii)). 

For purposes of these and similar 

calculations, facilities would use, for 

both the original and the updated 

parameters, the GWPs that are in the 

version of Table A–1 in effect at the 

time of the calculation. This would 

avoid the introduction of differences 

that are caused by differences in GWPs 

rather than by changes to production 

processes. 

G. Relationship Between This Proposed 

Rule and GHG Permitting Requirements 

EPA’s stationary source permitting 

regulations incorporate Table A–1 to 

subpart A of 40 CFR part 98 to provide 

a method for calculating emissions of 

GHGs (in terms of CO2e) in order to 

determine whether Prevention of 

Significant Deterioration (PSD) 

permitting requirements are applicable 

to an individual source. See 75 FR 

31522, 40 CFR 51.166(b)(48)(ii)(a), 40 

CFR 52.21(b)(49)(ii)(a). In the 2013 

Revisions Rule, we explained how a 

change to a GWP relates to PSD 

permitting (78 FR 71914–71917). For 

example, we explained that in the case 

of a final PSD permit that is issued prior 

to the effective date of a GWP revision, 

the permit should continue to rely upon 

the GWPs that were in place at the time 

of permit issuance for purposes of 

demonstrating compliance with the 

conditions of the permit. 

On June 23, 2014, the U.S. Supreme 

Court issued its decision in Utility Air 

Regulatory Group v. EPA (No. 12–1146). 

The Court said that EPA may not treat 

greenhouse gases as an air pollutant for 

purposes of determining whether a 

source is a major source required to 

obtain a PSD or title V permit. The 

Court also said that PSD permits that are 

otherwise required (based on emissions 

of conventional pollutants) may 

continue to require limitations on 

greenhouse gas emissions based on the 

application of Best Available Control 

Technology (BACT). EPA is continuing 

to examine the implications of the 

Court’s decision, including how EPA 

may need to revise its permitting 

regulations based on the Supreme Court 

decision. Nevertheless, because the 

Court decision upheld the PSD BACT 

requirement for GHGs under specific 

circumstances, EPA believes it is likely 

that its revised PSD permitting 

regulations would continue to 

incorporate Table A–1 GWPs to 

calculate CO2e. 

In the current version of Part 98, 

Table A–1 assigns chemical-specific 

GWPs for individual GHG compounds. 

It contains chemical-specific GWPs for 

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 

sulfur hexafluoride, and several HFC 

and PFC compounds. However, not all 

HFC and PFC compounds are included 

in the current version of Table A–1. 

This proposed rule would add 

chemical-specific and default GWPs to 

Table A–1 for the remaining HFCs and 

PFCs that the current version of Table 

A–1 does not cover. 

To the extent that Table A–1 GWPs 

continue to be used in permitting, as 

with the 2013 Revisions Rule, adoption 

of these chemical-specific and default 

GWPs may automatically apply in some 

state and local PSD programs, while 

some state and local agencies may have 

to engage in an adoption process to 

incorporate the revised Table A–1 into 

their program regulations.18 In the 2013 

Revisions Rule, EPA noted that some 

states would need to modify their PSD 

SIPs programs in order to make the 

revisions to Table A–1 effective in their 

permitting programs (78 FR 71916). As 

a result of the Supreme Court decision 

issued June 23, 2014, additional 

revisions to state PSD SIPs and title V 

programs may be necessary, but EPA 

has yet to determine the nature of any 

appropriate revisions to EPA’s federal 

regulations that establish the minimum 

requirements for state PSD and title V 

programs.19 EPA will provide more 

information on this subject in 

forthcoming actions by the Agency. To 

the extent necessary, we will address 

the procedures for states to adopt the 

revisions to Table A–1 in any 

subsequent action addressing that 

decision, which should allow states to 

make any necessary regulatory 

amendments at one time. 

III. Statutory and Executive Order 

Reviews 

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 

Planning and Review and Executive 

Order 13563: Improving Regulation and 

Regulatory Review 

This action is not a ‘‘significant 

regulatory action’’ under the terms of 

Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, 


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October 4, 1993) and is therefore not 

subject to review under Executive 

Orders 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821, 

January 21, 2011). 

B. Paperwork Reduction Act 

This action does not increase 

information collection burden. The 

proposed addition of GWPs to subpart A 

is not expected to affect the 

applicability of the rule. The seven 

subparts that could potentially be 

affected include subpart I, subpart L, 

subpart T, subparts DD and SS, and 

subparts OO and QQ. Subpart I 

applicability is determined by a 

simplified emissions calculation that 

includes a specific, limited set of 

fluorinated GHGs, none of whose GWPs 

would be affected by finalization of this 

proposed rule. Under subpart L, all 

fluorinated gas production facilities that 

emit GHGs whose GWPs are increasing 

are already believed to be reporting. 

Similarly, all fluorinated GHG 

production facilities are already 

required to report under subpart OO, 

and all fluorinated GHG importers and 

exporters of the fluorinated GHGs and 

HTFs that would be assigned GWPs are 

already believed to report under 

subparts OO and QQ. The applicability 

of subparts DD and SS would not be 

affected because the thresholds for both 

subparts are expressed in terms of GHG 

masses rather than CO2e masses. Any 

impact on the applicability of subpart T 

is expected to be negligible, because the 

fluorinated GHGs that would be 

assigned default GWPs and that would 

be reported under that subpart are 

believed to make up a very small 

fraction of the CO2-e emissions from 

covered facilities. The OMB has 

previously approved the information 

collection requirements for subparts A, 

I, L, T, DD, OO, QQ, and SS under 40 

CFR part 98 under the provisions of the 

Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 

3501 et seq., and has assigned Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) control 

numbers 2060–0629 and 2060–0650. 

Further information on the EPA’s 

assessment on the impact on burden can 

be found in the memorandum, 

‘‘Economic Analysis of Adding 

Chemical-Specific and Default GWPs to 

Table A–1’’ in docket number EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2009–0927. 

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 

The RFA generally requires an agency 

to prepare a regulatory flexibility 

analysis of any rule subject to notice 

and comment rulemaking requirements 

under the Administrative Procedure Act 

or any other statute unless the agency 

certifies that the rule will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

Small entities include small businesses, 

small organizations, and small 

governmental jurisdictions. 

For purposes of assessing the impacts 

of this proposed rule on small entities, 

small entity is defined as: (1) A small 

business as defined by the Small 

Business Administration’s regulations at 

13 CFR 121.201; (2) a small 

governmental jurisdiction that is a 

government of a city, county, town, 

school district or special district with a 

population of less than 50,000; and (3) 

a small organization that is any not-forprofit enterprise which is independently 

owned and operated and is not 

dominant in its field. 

After considering the economic 

impacts of these proposed rule 

amendments on small entities, I certify 

that this action will not have a 

significant economic impact on a 

substantial number of small entities. 

The proposed addition of default GWPs 

to subpart A is not expected to affect the 

applicability of the rule to small 

entities. 

Further, the EPA took several steps to 

reduce the impact of 40 CFR part 98 on 

small entities when developing the final 

GHG Reporting Rules in 2009 and 2010. 

For example, the EPA determined 

appropriate thresholds that reduced the 

number of small businesses reporting. In 

addition, the EPA conducted several 

meetings with industry associations to 

discuss regulatory options and the 

corresponding burden on industry, such 

as recordkeeping and reporting. Finally, 

the EPA continues to conduct 

significant outreach on the GHGRP and 

maintains an ‘‘open door’’ policy for 

stakeholders to help inform the EPA’s 

understanding of key issues for the 

industries. We continue to be interested 

in the potential impacts of the proposed 

rule on small entities and welcome 

comments on issues related to such 

impacts. 

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

(UMRA) 

The proposed rule amendments do 

not contain a federal mandate that may 

result in expenditures of $100 million or 

more for state, local, and tribal 

governments, in the aggregate, or the 

private sector in any one year. Thus, the 

proposed rule amendments are not 

subject to the requirements of sections 

202 and 205 of the UMRA. This 

proposed rule is also not subject to the 

requirements of section 203 of UMRA 

because it contains no regulatory 

requirements that might significantly or 

uniquely affect small governments. 

Facilities and suppliers subject to the 

proposed rule include electronics 

manufacturers, fluorinated gas 

producers, magnesium producers and 

processers, manufacturers and users of 

electrical equipment, importers and 

exporters of fluorinated GHGs in bulk, 

and importers and exporters of precharged equipment and closed-cell 

foams. None of the facilities currently 

known to undertake these activities is 

owned by a small government. 

Therefore, this action is not subject to 

the requirements of section 203 of the 

UMRA. 

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 

This action does not have federalism 

implications. It would not have 

substantial direct effects on the states, 

on the relationship between the national 

government and the states, or on the 

distribution of power and 

responsibilities among the various 

levels of government, as specified in 

Executive Order 13132. For a more 

detailed discussion about how Part 98 

relates to existing state programs, please 

see Section II of the preamble to the 

final Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule (74 

FR 56266). 

The proposed amendments apply to 

facilities that directly emit fluorinated 

GHGs or that are suppliers of 

fluorinated GHGs. They would not 

apply to governmental entities unless 

the governmental entity owns a facility 

that directly emits fluorinated GHGs 

above threshold levels (such as a 

semiconductor manufacturing facility). 

We are not aware of any governmental 

entities that would be affected. This 

regulation also would not limit the 

power of states or localities to collect 

GHG data and/or regulate GHG 

emissions. Thus, Executive Order 13132 

does not apply to this action. 

Although section 6 of Executive Order 

13132 does not apply to this action, the 

EPA did consult with state and local 

officials or representatives of state and 

local governments in developing the 

original GHG Reporting Rule published 

on October 30, 2009 and the rule 

finalizing subparts I, L, DD, QQ, and SS 

published on December 1, 2010. A 

summary of the EPA’s consultations 

with state and local governments is 

provided in Section VIII.E of the 

preamble to the 2009 final rule. 

In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, 

and consistent with EPA policy to 

promote communications between the 

EPA and state and local governments, 

the EPA specifically solicits comment 

on this proposed action from state and 

local officials. 


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F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 

and Coordination With Indian Tribal 

Governments 

This action would not have tribal 

implications, as specified in Executive 

Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 

2000). The proposed amendments apply 

to facilities that directly emit 

fluorinated GHGs or that are suppliers 

of fluorinated GHGs. They would not 

have tribal implications unless the tribal 

entity owns a facility that directly emits 

fluorinated GHGs above threshold levels 

(such as a semiconductor manufacturing 

facility). We are not aware of any tribal 

facilities that would be affected. Thus, 

Executive Order 13175 does not apply 

to this action. EPA specifically solicits 

additional comment on this proposed 

action from tribal officials. 

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 

Children From Environmental Health 

Risks and Safety Risks 

The EPA interprets Executive Order 

13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) as 

applying only to those regulatory 

actions that concern health or safety 

risks, such that the analysis required 

under section 5–501 of the Executive 

Order has the potential to influence the 

regulation. This action is not subject to 

Executive Order 13045 because it would 

not establish an environmental standard 

intended to mitigate health or safety 

risks. 

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That 

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, 

Distribution, or Use 

This action is not subject to Executive 

Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 

2001), because it is not a significant 

regulatory action under Executive Order 

12866. 

I. National Technology Transfer and 

Advancement Act 

Section 12(d) of the National 

Technology Transfer and Advancement 

Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104– 

113 (15 U.S.C. 272 note), directs the 

EPA to use voluntary consensus 

standards in its regulatory activities 

unless to do so would be inconsistent 

with applicable law or otherwise 

impractical. Voluntary consensus 

standards are technical standards (e.g., 

materials specifications, test methods, 

sampling procedures, and business 

practices) that are developed or adopted 

by voluntary consensus standards 

bodies. NTTAA directs the EPA to 

provide Congress, through OMB, 

explanations when the EPA decides not 

to use available and applicable 

voluntary consensus standards. 

This proposed rulemaking does not 

involve technical standards. Therefore, 

the EPA is not considering the use of 

any voluntary consensus standards. 

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal 

Actions To Address Environmental 

Justice in Minority Populations and 

Low-Income Populations 

Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, 

February 16, 1994) establishes federal 

executive policy on environmental 

justice. Its main provision directs 

federal agencies, to the greatest extent 

practicable and permitted by law, to 

make environmental justice part of their 

mission by identifying and addressing, 

as appropriate, disproportionately high 

and adverse human health or 

environmental effects of their programs, 

policies, and activities on minority 

populations and low-income 

populations in the United States. 

The EPA has determined that this 

proposed rule would not have 

disproportionately high and adverse 

human health or environmental effects 

on minority or low-income populations 

because it would not affect the level of 

protection provided to human health or 

the environment; it is a rule addressing 

information collection and reporting 

procedures. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 98 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Greenhouse gases, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Dated: July 24, 2014. 

Gina McCarthy, 

Administrator. 

For the reasons stated in the 

preamble, the Environmental Protection 

Agency proposes to amend CFR title 40 

chapter I as set forth below: 

PART 98—MANDATORY 

GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 98 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq. 

Subpart A—General Provisions 

■ 2. Section 98.2 is amended by revising 

paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(4), and (f)(1) to 

read as follows: 

§ 98.2 Who must report? 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(1) Calculate the annual emissions of 

CO2, CH4, N2O, and each fluorinated 

GHG in metric tons from all applicable 

source categories listed in paragraph 

(a)(2) of this section. The GHG 

emissions shall be calculated using the 

calculation methodologies specified in 

each applicable subpart and available 

company records. 

* * * * * 

(4) Sum the emissions estimates from 

paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of 

this section for each GHG and calculate 

metric tons of CO2e using Equation 

A–1 of this section. 

Where: 

CO2e = Carbon dioxide equivalent, metric 

tons/year. 

GHGi = Mass emissions of each greenhouse 

gas, metric tons/year. 

GWPi = Global warming potential for each 

greenhouse gas from Table A–1 of this 

subpart. 

n = The number of greenhouse gases emitted. 

* * * * * 

(f) * * * 

(1) Calculate the mass in metric tons 

per year of CO2, N2O, and each 

fluorinated GHG that is imported and 

the mass in metric tons per year of CO2, 

N2O, and each fluorinated GHG that is 

exported during the year. 

* * * * * 

■ 3. Section 98.3 is amended by: 

■ a. Revising paragraph (c)(4)(iii)(E); 

■ b. Removing and reserving paragraph 

(c)(4)(vi); 

■ c. Revising paragraphs (c)(5)(i), 

(c)(5)(ii), (c)(12)(iii)(E), (k), (l) 

introductory text, (l)(1) introductory 

text, (l)(2) introductory text, (l)(2)(i), 

(l)(2)(ii)(C) through (E); and, (l)(2)(iii). 

The revisions read as follows: 

§ 98.3 What are the general monitoring, 

reporting, recordkeeping, and verification 

requirements of this part? 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(4) * * * 

(iii) * * * 


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(E) Each fluorinated GHG (as defined 

in § 98.6). 

* * * * * 

(vi) [Reserved] 

* * * * * 

(5) * * * 

(i) Total quantity of GHG aggregated 

for all GHG from all applicable supply 

categories in Table A–5 of this subpart 

and expressed in metric tons of CO2e 

calculated using Equation A–1 of this 

subpart. 

(ii) Quantity of each GHG from each 

applicable supply category in Table 

A–5 to this subpart, expressed in metric 

tons of each GHG. 

* * * * * 

(12) * * * 

(iii) * * * 

(E) Each fluorinated GHG. 

* * * * * 

(k) Revised global warming potentials 

and special provisions for reporting year 

2013 and subsequent reporting years. 

This paragraph (k) applies to owners or 

operators of facilities or suppliers that 

first become subject to any subpart of 

part 98 solely due to an amendment to 

Table A–1 of this subpart. 

(1) A facility or supplier that first 

becomes subject to part 98 due to a 

change in the GWP for one or more 

compounds in Table A–1 of this 

subpart, Global Warming Potentials, is 

not required to submit an annual GHG 

report for the reporting year during 

which the change in GWPs is 

promulgated. 

(2) A facility or supplier that was 

already subject to one or more subparts 

of part 98 but becomes subject to one or 

more additional subparts due to a 

change in the GWP for one or more 

compounds in Table A–1 of this 

subpart, is not required to include those 

subparts to which the facility is subject 

only due to the change in the GWP in 

the annual GHG report submitted for the 

reporting year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated. 

(3) Starting on January 1 of the year 

after the year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated, facilities or 

suppliers identified in paragraphs (k)(1) 

or (2) of this section must start 

monitoring and collecting GHG data in 

compliance with the applicable subparts 

of part 98 to which the facility is subject 

due to the change in the GWP for the 

annual greenhouse gas report for that 

reporting year, which is due by March 

31 of the following calendar year. 

(4) A change in the GWP for one or 

more compounds includes the addition 

to Table A–1 of this subpart of either a 

chemical-specific or a default GWP that 

applies to a compound to which no 

chemical-specific GWP in Table A–1 of 

this subpart previously applied. 

(l) Special provision for best available 

monitoring methods in 2014 and 

subsequent years. This paragraph (l) 

applies to owners or operators of 

facilities or suppliers that first become 

subject to any subpart of part 98 due to 

an amendment to Table A–1 of this 

subpart, Global Warming Potentials. 

(1) Best available monitoring 

methods. From January 1 to March 31 of 

the year after the year during which the 

change in GWPs is promulgated, owners 

or operators subject to this paragraph (l) 

may use best available monitoring 

methods for any parameter (e.g., fuel 

use, feedstock rates) that cannot 

reasonably be measured according to the 

monitoring and QA/QC requirements of 

a relevant subpart. The owner or 

operator must use the calculation 

methodologies and equations in the 

‘‘Calculating GHG Emissions’’ sections 

of each relevant subpart, but may use 

the best available monitoring method for 

any parameter for which it is not 

reasonably feasible to acquire, install, 

and operate a required piece of 

monitoring equipment by January 1 of 

the year after the year during which the 

change in GWPs is promulgated. 

Starting no later than April 1, of the year 

after the year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated, the owner or 

operator must discontinue using best 

available methods and begin following 

all applicable monitoring and QA/QC 

requirements of this part, except as 

provided in paragraph (l)(2) of this 

section. Best available monitoring 

methods means any of the following 

methods: 

* * * * * 

(2) Requests for extension of the use 

of best available monitoring methods. 

The owner or operator may submit a 

request to the Administrator to use one 

or more best available monitoring 

methods beyond March 31 of the year 

after the year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated. 

(i) Timing of request. The extension 

request must be submitted to EPA no 

later than January 31 of the year after 

the year during which the change in 

GWPs is promulgated. 

(ii) * * * 

(C) A description of the reasons that 

the needed equipment could not be 

obtained and installed before April 1 of 

the year after the year during which the 

change in GWPs is promulgated. 

(D) If the reason for the extension is 

that the equipment cannot be purchased 

and delivered by April 1 of the year 

after the year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated, supporting 

documentation such as the date the 

monitoring equipment was ordered, 

investigation of alternative suppliers 

and the dates by which alternative 

vendors promised delivery, backorder 

notices or unexpected delays, 

descriptions of actions taken to expedite 

delivery, and the current expected date 

of delivery. 

(E) If the reason for the extension is 

that the equipment cannot be installed 

without a process unit shutdown, 

include supporting documentation 

demonstrating that it is not practicable 

to isolate the equipment and install the 

monitoring instrument without a full 

process unit shutdown. Include the date 

of the most recent process unit 

shutdown, the frequency of shutdowns 

for this process unit, and the date of the 

next planned shutdown during which 

the monitoring equipment can be 

installed. If there has been a shutdown 

or if there is a planned process unit 

shutdown between November 29 of the 

year during which the change in GWPs 

is promulgated and April 1 of the year 

after the year during which the change 

in GWPs is promulgated, include a 

justification of why the equipment 

could not be obtained and installed 

during that shutdown. 

* * * * * 

(iii) Approval criteria. To obtain 

approval, the owner or operator must 

demonstrate to the Administrator’s 

satisfaction that it is not reasonably 

feasible to acquire, install, and operate 

a required piece of monitoring 

equipment by April 1 of the year after 

the year during which the change in 

GWPs is promulgated. The use of best 

available methods under this paragraph 

(l) will not be approved beyond 

December 31 of the year after the year 

during which the change in GWPs is 

promulgated. 

■ 4. Section 98.6 is amended by: 

■ a. Adding, in alphabetical order, the 

definitions for Fluorinated GHG group, 

Fluorotelomer alcohols, Fully 

fluorinated GHGs; 

■ b. Revising the definition for Global 

warming potential; and 

■ c. Adding, in alphabetical order, the 

definitions for Non-segregated saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), Nonsegregated saturated hydrofluoroethers 

(HFEs), Other fluorinated GHGs, 

Partially segregated saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), 

Partially segregated saturated 

hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), Saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs), 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), 

Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), 

Unsaturated ethers, Unsaturated 

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), 


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44348 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); 

and, Unsaturated perfluorocarbons 

(PFCs). 

The revisions and additions read as 

follows: 

§ 98.6 Definitions. 

* * * * * 

Fluorinated GHG group means one of 

the following sets of fluorinated GHGs: 

Fully fluorinated GHGs; saturated 

hydrofluorocarbons; partially segregated 

saturated hydrofluoroethers and 

saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers; nonsegregated saturated hydrofluoroethers 

and saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers; 

unsaturated PFCs, unsaturated HFCs, 

unsaturated HCFCs, unsaturated ethers, 

unsaturated halogenated esters, 

fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated 

ketones; fluorotelomer alcohols; 

fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds; or Other fluorinated GHGs. 

* * * * * 

Fluorotelomer alcohols means 

fluorinated GHGs with the chemical 

formula CnF2n+1CH2CH2OH. 

* * * * * 

Fully fluorinated GHGs means 

fluorinated GHGs that contain only 

single bonds and in which all available 

valence locations are filled by fluorine 

atoms. This includes but is not limited 

to: saturated perfluorocarbons; SF6; NF3; 

SF5CF3; fully fluorinated linear, 

branched, and cyclic alkanes; fully 

fluorinated ethers; fully fluorinated 

tertiary amines; fully fluorinated 

aminoethers; and perfluoropolyethers. 

* * * * * 

Global warming potential or GWP 

means the ratio of the time-integrated 

radiative forcing from the instantaneous 

release of one kilogram of a trace 

substance relative to that of one 

kilogram of a reference gas, i.e., CO2.

GWPs for each greenhouse gas are 

provided in Table A–1 of this subpart. 

For purposes of the calculations in this 

part, if the GHG has a chemical-specific 

GWP listed in Table A–1, use that GWP. 

Otherwise, use the default GWP 

provided in Table A–1 for the 

fluorinated GHG group of which the 

GHG is a member. 

* * * * * 

Non-segregated saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means 

saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that 

include fluorine substitutes on all alkyl 

groups. 

Non-segregated saturated 

hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means 

saturated hydrofluoroethers that include 

fluorine substitutes on all alkyl groups. 

* * * * * 

Other fluorinated GHGs means 

fluorinated GHGs that are none of the 

following: Fully fluorinated GHGs, 

saturated hydrofluorocarbons, saturated 

hydrofluoroethers, saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers, unsaturated 

perfluorocarbons, unsaturated 

hydrofluorocarbons, unsaturated 

hydrochlorofluorocarbons, unsaturated 

ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, 

fluorinated aldehydes, fluorinated 

ketones, fluorotelomer alcohols, or 

fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine 

bonds. 

* * * * * 

Partially segregated saturated 

hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) means 

saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers that 

contain at least one fully hydrogenated 

alkyl group with no fluorine or chlorine 

substitutes. 

Partially segregated saturated 

hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) means 

saturated hydrofluoroethers that contain 

at least one fully hydrogenated alkyl 

group with no fluorine substitutes. 

* * * * * 

Saturated hydrochlorofluoroethers 

(HCFEs) means fluorinated GHGs in 

which two hydrocarbon groups are 

linked by an oxygen atom; in which two 

or more, but not all, of the hydrogen 

atoms in the hydrocarbon groups have 

been replaced by fluorine atoms and 

chlorine atoms; and which contain only 

single bonds. 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 

means fluorinated GHGs that are 

hydrofluorocarbons and that contain 

only single bonds. 

Saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) 

means fluorinated GHGs in which two 

hydrocarbon groups are linked by an 

oxygen atom; in which one or more, but 

not all, of the hydrogen atoms in the 

hydrocarbon groups have been replaced 

by fluorine atoms; and which contain 

only single bonds. 

* * * * * 

Unsaturated ethers means fluorinated 

GHGs in which two hydrocarbon groups 

are linked by an oxygen atom; in which 

one or more of the hydrogen atoms in 

the hydrocarbon groups have been 

replaced by fluorine atoms; and which 

contain one or more bonds that are not 

single bonds. Unsaturated ethers 

include unsaturated HFEs. 

Unsaturated 

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 

means fluorinated GHGs that contain 

only carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and 

hydrogen and that contain one or more 

bonds that are not single bonds. 

Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons 

(HFCs) means fluorinated GHGs that are 

hydrofluorocarbons and that contain 

one or more bonds that are not single 

bonds. 

Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 

means fluorinated GHGs that are 

perfluorocarbons and that contain one 

or more bonds that are not single bonds. 

* * * * * 

■ 5. Table A–1 to Subpart A is revised 

to read as follows: 

TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS

[100-year time horizon] 

Name CAS No. Chemical formula 

Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

Chemical-Specific GWPs 

Carbon dioxide ........................................................... 124–38–9 CO2 ........................................................................... 1 

Methane ..................................................................... 74–82–8 CH4 ............................................................................ a25 

Nitrous oxide .............................................................. 10024–97–2 N2O ........................................................................... a298 

Fully Fluorinated GHGs 

Sulfur hexafluoride ..................................................... 2551–62–4 SF6 ............................................................................ a 22,800 

Trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride ......................... 373–80–8 SF5CF3 ...................................................................... 17,700 

Nitrogen trifluoride ...................................................... 7783–54–2 NF3 ............................................................................ 17,200 

PFC-14 (Perfluoromethane) ....................................... 75–73–0 CF4 ............................................................................ a 7,390 

PFC-116 (Perfluoroethane) ........................................ 76–16–4 C2F6 ........................................................................... a 12,200 

PFC-218 (Perfluoropropane) ...................................... 76–19–7 C3F8 ........................................................................... a 8,830 


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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 44349 

TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued 

[100-year time horizon] 

Name CAS No. Chemical formula 

Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

Perfluorocyclopropane ............................................... 931–91–9 C-C3F6 ....................................................................... 17,340 

PFC-3-1-10 (Perfluorobutane) ................................... 355–25–9 C4F10 ......................................................................... a 8,860 

PFC-318 (Perfluorocyclobutane) ................................ 115–25–3 C-C4F8 ....................................................................... a 10,300 

PFC-4-1-12 (Perfluoropentane) ................................. 678–26–2 C5F12 ......................................................................... a 9,160 

PFC-5-1-14 (Perfluorohexane, FC-72) ...................... 355–42–0 C6F14 ......................................................................... a 9,300 

PFC-9-1-18 ................................................................. 306–94–5 C10F18 ........................................................................ 7,500 

PFC-6-1-12 ................................................................. 335–57–9 C7F16; CF3(CF2)5CF3 ................................................. b 7,820 

PFC-7-1-18 ................................................................. 307–34–6 C8F18; CF3(CF2)6CF3 ................................................. b 7,620 

PFPMIE (HT–70) ........................................................ NA CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3 .................................... 10,300 

Perfluorodecalin (cis) ................................................. 60433–11–6 Z-C10F18 .................................................................... b 7,236 

Perfluorodecalin (trans) .............................................. 60433–12–7 E-C10F18 .................................................................... b 6,288 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 

HFC-23 ....................................................................... 75–46–7 CHF3 ......................................................................... a 14,800 

HFC-32 ....................................................................... 75–10–5 CH2F2 ........................................................................ a 675 

HFC-41 ....................................................................... 593–53–3 CH3F ......................................................................... a 92 

HFC-125 ..................................................................... 354–33–6 C2HF5 ........................................................................ a 3,500 

HFC-134 ..................................................................... 359–35–3 C2H2F4 ....................................................................... a 1,100 

HFC-134a ................................................................... 811–97–2 CH2FCF3 ................................................................... a 1,430 

HFC-143 ..................................................................... 430–66–0 C2H3F3 ....................................................................... a 353 

HFC-143a ................................................................... 420–46–2 C2H3F3 ....................................................................... a 4,470 

HFC-152 ..................................................................... 624–72–6 CH2FCH2F ................................................................. 53 

HFC-152a ................................................................... 75–37–6 CH3CHF2 ................................................................... a 124 

HFC-161 ..................................................................... 353–36–6 CH3CH2F ................................................................... 12 

HFC-227ca ................................................................. 2252–84–8 CF3CF2CHF2 ............................................................. b 2640 

HFC-227ea ................................................................. 431–89–0 C3HF7 ........................................................................ a 3,220 

HFC-236cb ................................................................. 677–56–5 CH2FCF2CF3 ............................................................. 1,340 

HFC-236ea ................................................................. 431–63–0 CHF2CHFCF3 ............................................................ 1,370 

HFC-236fa .................................................................. 690–39–1 C3H2F6 ....................................................................... a 9,810 

HFC-245ca ................................................................. 679–86–7 C3H3F5 ....................................................................... a 693 

HFC-245cb ................................................................. 1814–88–6 CF3CF2CH3 ............................................................... b 4,620 

HFC-245ea ................................................................. 24270–66–4 CHF2CHFCHF2 ......................................................... b 235 

HFC-245eb ................................................................. 431–31–2 CH2FCHFCF3 ............................................................ b 290 

HFC-245fa .................................................................. 460–73–1 CHF2CH2CF3 ............................................................. 1,030 

HFC-263fb .................................................................. 421–07–8 CH3CH2CF3 ............................................................... b 76 

HFC-272ca ................................................................. 420–45–1 CH3CF2CH3 ............................................................... b 144 

HFC-329p ................................................................... 375–17–7 CHF2CF2CF2CF3 ....................................................... b 2,360 

HFC-365mfc ............................................................... 406–58–6 CH3CF2CH2CF3 ......................................................... 794 

HFC-43-10mee ........................................................... 138495–42–8 CF3CFHCFHCF2CF3 ................................................. a 1,640 

Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) 

HFE-143a ................................................................... 421–14–7 CH3OCF3 ................................................................... 756 

HFE-245cb2 ............................................................... 22410–44–2 CH3OCF2CF3 ............................................................ 708 

HFE-254cb2 ............................................................... 425–88–7 CH3OCF2CHF2 .......................................................... 359 

HFE-263fb2 ................................................................ 460–43–5 CF3CH2OCH3 ............................................................ 11 

HFE-263m1; R-E-143a .............................................. 690–22–2 CF3OCH2CH3 ............................................................ b 29 

HFE-347mcc3 (HFE-7000) ........................................ 375–03–1 CH3OCF2CF2CF3 ...................................................... 575 

HFE-347mmy1 ........................................................... 22052–84–2 CH3OCF(CF3)2 .......................................................... 343 

HFE-356mec3 ............................................................ 382–34–3 CH3OCF2CHFCF3 ..................................................... 101 

HFE-356mm1 ............................................................. 13171–18–1 (CF3)2CHOCH3 .......................................................... 27 

HFE-356pcc3 ............................................................. 160620–20–2 CH3OCF2CF2CHF2 .................................................... 110 

HFE-365mcf2 ............................................................. 22052–81–9 CF3CF2OCH2CH3 ...................................................... b 58 

HFE-365mcf3 ............................................................. 378–16–5 CF3CF2CH2OCH3 ...................................................... 11 

HFE-374pc2 ............................................................... 512–51–6 CH3CH2OCF2CHF2 ................................................... 557 

HFE-449s1 (HFE-7100) Chemical blend ................... 163702–07–6 

163702–08–7 

C4F9OCH3 .................................................................

(CF3)2CFCF2OCH3 ....................................................

297 

HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200) Chemical blend .................. 163702–05–4 

163702–06–5 

C4F9OC2H5 ................................................................

(CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5 ..................................................

59 

HG′-01 ........................................................................ 73287–23–7 CH3OCF2CF2OCH3 ................................................... b 222 

HG′-02 ........................................................................ 485399–46–0 CH3O(CF2CF2O)2CH3 ............................................... b 236 

HG′-03 ........................................................................ 485399–48–2 CH3O(CF2CF2O)3CH3 ............................................... b 221 

Difluoro(methoxy)methane ......................................... 359–15–9 CH3OCHF2 ................................................................ b 144 

2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethane .................. 425–87–6 CH3OCF2CHFCl ........................................................ b 122 

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ................ 22052–86–4 CF3CF2CF2OCH2CH3 ................................................ b 61 

2-Ethoxy-3,3,4,4,5-pentafluorotetrahydro-2,5- 

bis[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-furan.

920979–28–8 C12H5F19O2 ................................................................ b 56 

1-Ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane .................... 380–34–7 CF3CHFCF2OCH2CH3 .............................................. b 23 


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44350 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued 

[100-year time horizon] 

Name CAS No. Chemical formula 

Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

Fluoro(methoxy)methane ........................................... 460–22–0 CH3OCH2F ................................................................ b 13 

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-methoxy-propane; Methyl 

2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.

60598–17–6 CHF2CF2CH2OCH3 ................................................... b 0.5 

Non-segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) 

HFE-125 ..................................................................... 3822–68–2 CHF2OCF3 ................................................................ 14,900 

HFE-134 (HG-00) ....................................................... 1691–17–4 CHF2OCHF2 .............................................................. 6,320 

HFE-227ea ................................................................. 2356–62–9 CF3CHFOCF3 ............................................................ 1,540 

HFE-236ca ................................................................. 32778–11–3 CHF2OCF2CHF2 ........................................................ b 4,240 

HFE-236ca12 (HG-10) ............................................... 78522–47–1 CHF2OCF2OCHF2 ..................................................... 2,800 

HFE-236ea2 (Desflurane) .......................................... 57041–67–5 CHF2OCHFCF3 ......................................................... 989 

HFE-236fa .................................................................. 20193–67–3 CF3CH2OCF3 ............................................................ 487 

HFE-245fa1 ................................................................ 84011–15–4 CHF2CH2OCF3 .......................................................... 286 

HFE-245fa2 ................................................................ 1885–48–9 CHF2OCH2CF3 .......................................................... 659 

HFE-329mcc2 ............................................................ 134769–21–4 CF3CF2OCF2CHF2 .................................................... 919 

HFE-329me3 .............................................................. 428454–68–6 CF3CFHCF2OCF3 ..................................................... b 4,550 

HFE-338mcf2 ............................................................. 156053–88–2 CF3CF2OCH2CF3 ...................................................... 552 

HFE-338mmz1 ........................................................... 26103–08–2 CHF2OCH(CF3)2 ....................................................... 380 

HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) ............................................. 188690–78–0 CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2 ............................................... 1,500 

HFE-347mcf2 ............................................................. 171182–95–9 CF3CF2OCH2CHF2 .................................................... 374 

HFE-347mmz1 (Sevoflurane) .................................... 28523–86–6 (CF3)2CHOCHF2 ....................................................... c 216 

HFE-347pcf2 .............................................................. 406–78–0 CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 .................................................... 580 

HFE-356mff2 .............................................................. 333–36–8 CF3CH2OCH2CF3 ...................................................... b 17 

HFE-356pcf2 .............................................................. 50807–77–7 CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2 ................................................. 265 

HFE-356pcf3 .............................................................. 35042–99–0 CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2 ................................................. 502 

HFE-43-10pccc (H-Galden 1040x, HG-11) ................ E1730133 CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2 .......................................... 1,870 

HCFE-235ca2 (Enflurane) .......................................... 13838–16–9 CHF2OCF2CHFC1 ..................................................... b 583 

HCFE-235da2 (Isoflurane) ......................................... 26675–46–7 CHF2OCHClCF3 ........................................................ 350 

HG-02 ......................................................................... 205367–61–9 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)2-OCF2H ........................................ b 2,730 

HG-03 ......................................................................... 173350–37–3 HF2C-(OCF2CF2)3- OCF2H ....................................... b 2,850 

HG-20 ......................................................................... 249932–25–0 HF2C-(OCF2)2-OCF2H ............................................... b 5,300 

HG-21 ......................................................................... 249932–26–1 HF2C-OCF2CF2OCF2OCF2O-CF2H .......................... b 3,890 

HG-30 ......................................................................... 188690–77–9 HF2C-(OCF2)3-OCF2H ............................................... b 7,330 

1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2- 

tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane.

3330–15–2 CF3CF2CF2OCHFCF3 ............................................... b 6,490 

1,1′-Oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2- 

tetrafluoroethane.

205367-61–9 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)2CF2H ........................................... b 4,920 

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12-hexadecafluoro2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane.173350–37–3 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)3 CF2H .......................................... b 4,490 

1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12,13,13,15,15- 

eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxapentadecane.

173350–38–4 HCF2O(CF2CF2O)4CF2H ........................................... b 3,630 

1,1,2-Trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethane ................ 84011–06–3 CHF2CHFOCF3 ......................................................... b 1,240 

1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)ethane ............. 37031-31–5 CH2FOCF2CF2H ........................................................ b 871 

Trifluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ............................... 2261–01–0 CH2FOCF3 ................................................................ b 751 

Difluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane ................................ 461–63–2 CH2FOCHF2 .............................................................. b 617 

Fluoro(fluoromethoxy)methane .................................. 462–51–1 CH2FOCH2F .............................................................. b 130 

Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 

PFC-1114; TFE .......................................................... 116–14–3 CF2=CF2; C2F4 .......................................................... b 0.04 

PFC-1216; Dyneon HFP ............................................ 116–15–4 C3F6; CF3CF=CF2 ..................................................... b 0.05 

PFC C-1418 ............................................................... 559–40–0 c-C5F8 ........................................................................ b 1.97 

Perfluorobut-2-ene ..................................................... 360–89–4 CF3CF=CFCF3 .......................................................... b 1.82 

Perfluorobut-1-ene ..................................................... 357–26–6 CF3CF2CF=CF2 ......................................................... b 0.10 

Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene .............................................. 685–63–2 CF2=CFCF=CF2 ........................................................ b 0.03 

Unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 

HFC-1132a; VF2 ........................................................ 75–38–7 C2H2F2, CF2=CH2 ..................................................... b 0.04 

HFC-1141; VF ............................................................ 75–02–5 C2H3F, CH2=CHF ...................................................... b 0.02 

(E)-HFC-1225ye ......................................................... 5595–10–8 CF3CF=CHF(E) ......................................................... b 0.06 

(Z)-HFC-1225ye ......................................................... 5528–43–8 CF3CF=CHF(Z) ......................................................... b 0.22 

Solstice 1233zd(E) ..................................................... 102687–65–0 C3H2ClF3; CHCl=CHCF3 ........................................... b 1.34 

HFC-1234yf; HFO-1234yf .......................................... 754–12–1 C3H2F4; CF3CF=CH2 ................................................. b 0.31 

HFC-1234ze(E) .......................................................... 1645–83–6 C3H2F4; cis-CF3CH=CHF ....................................... b 0.97 

HFC-1234ze(Z) .......................................................... 29118–25–0 C3H2F4; trans-CF3CH=CHF; CF3CH=CHF(Z) ........... b 0.29 

HFC-1243zf; TFP ....................................................... 677–21–4 C3H3F3, CF3CH=CH2 ................................................ b 0.12 

(Z)-HFC-1336 ............................................................. 692–49–9 CF3CH=CHCF3(Z) ..................................................... b 1.58 


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Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 44351 

TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS—Continued 

[100-year time horizon] 

Name CAS No. Chemical formula 

Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

HFO-1345zfc .............................................................. 374–27–6 C2F5CH=CH2 ............................................................. b 0.09 

Capstone 42-U ........................................................... 19430–93–4 C6H3F9, CF3(CF2)3CH=CH2 ...................................... b 0.16 

Capstone 62-U ........................................................... 25291–17–2 C8H3F13, CF3(CF2)5CH=CH2 ..................................... b 0.11 

Capstone 82-U ........................................................... 21652–58–4 C10H3F17, CF3(CF2)7CH=CH2 ................................... b 0.09 

Unsaturated halogenated ethers 

PMVE; HFE-216 ......................................................... 1187–93–5 CF3OCF=CF2 ............................................................ b 0.17 

Fluoroxene ................................................................. 406–90–6 CF3CH2OCH=CH2 ..................................................... b 0.05 

Fluorinated aldehydes 

3,3,3-Trifluoro-propanal .............................................. 460–40–2 CF3CH2CHO ............................................................. b 0.01 

Fluorinated ketones 

Novec 1230 (perfluoro (2-methyl-3-pentanone)) ....... 756–13–8 CF3CF2C(O)CF (CF3)2 ............................................. b 0.1 

Fluorotelomer alcohols 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-Undecafluoroheptan-1-ol ........... 185689–57–0 CF3(CF2)4CH2CH2OH ............................................... b 0.43 

3,3,3-Trifluoropropan-1-ol ........................................... 2240–88–2 CF3CH2CH2OH ......................................................... b 0.35 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-Pentadecafluorononan1-ol.755-02–2 CF3(CF2)6CH2CH2OH ............................................... b 0.33 

3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11- 

Nonadecafluoroundecan-1-ol.

87017–97–8 CF3(CF2)8CH2CH2OH ............................................... b 0.19 

Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) 

Trifluoroiodomethane ................................................. 2314–97–8 CF3I ........................................................................... b 0.4 

Other fluorinated compounds 

Trifluoromethyl formate .............................................. 85358–65–2 HCOOCF3 ................................................................. b 588 

Perfluoroethyl formate ................................................ 313064–40–3 HCOOCF2CF3 ........................................................... b 580 

1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl formate ................................. 481631–19–0 HCOOCHFCF3 .......................................................... b 470 

Perfluorobutyl formate ................................................ 197218–56–7 HCOOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ............................................... b 392 

Perfluoropropyl formate .............................................. 271257–42–2 HCOOCF2CF2CF3 ..................................................... b 376 

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl formate ................ 856766–70–6 HCOOCH(CF3)2 ........................................................ b 333 

Dibromodifluoromethane (Halon 1202) ...................... 75–61–6 CBR2F2 ...................................................................... b 231 

Bis(trifluoromethyl)-methanol ..................................... 920–66–1 (CF3)2CHOH .............................................................. 195 

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol ............................. 920–66–1 (CF3)2CHOH .............................................................. b 182 

Methyl carbonofluoridate ............................................ 1538–06–3 FCOOCH3 ................................................................. b 95 

(Octafluorotetramethy-lene) hydroxymethyl group ..... NA X-(CF2)4CH(OH)-X .................................................... 73 

Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ....................................... 431–47–0 CF3COOCH3 ............................................................. b 52 

2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanol .................................... 422–05–9 CF3CF2CH2OH .......................................................... 42 

2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (Halon-2311/

Halothane).

151–67–7 CHBrClCF3 ................................................................ b 41 

2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutan-1-ol ........................... 375–01–9 C3F7CH2OH .............................................................. b 34 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl formate ........................................ 32042–38–9 HCOOCH2CF3 ........................................................... b 33 

1,1-Difluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ....................... 1344118–13–3 CF3COOCF2CH3 ....................................................... b 31 

Difluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate .......................... 2024–86–4 CF3COOCHF2 ........................................................... b 27 

1,1-Difluoroethyl carbonofluoridate ............................ 1344118–11–1 FCOOCF2CH3 ........................................................... b 27 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol ................................................. 75–89–8 CF3CH2OH ................................................................ b 20 

2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoropropan-1-ol ............................... 422–05–9 CF3CF2CH2OH .......................................................... b 19 

2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-1-butanol ................................ 382–31–0 CF3CHFCF2CH2OH .................................................. b 17 

3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl formate ...................................... 1344118–09–7 HCOOCH2CH2CF3 .................................................... b 17 

2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-1-butanol ........................... 375–01–9 CF3CF2CF2CH2OH .................................................... b 16 

2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol ................................... 76–37–9 CHF2CF2CH2OH ....................................................... b 13 

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ................... 407–38–5 CF3COOCH2CF3 ....................................................... b 7 

Methyl 2,2-difluoroacetate .......................................... 433–53–4 HCF2COOCH3 ........................................................... b 3 

2,2-Difluoroethanol ..................................................... 359–13–7 CHF2CH2OH ............................................................. b 3 

Perfluoroethyl acetate ................................................ 343269–97–6 CH3COOCF2CF3 ....................................................... b 2.1 

Trifluoromethyl acetate ............................................... 74123–20–9 CH3COOCF3 ............................................................. b 2.0 

Perfluoropropyl acetate .............................................. 1344118–10–0 CH3COOCF2CF2CF3 ................................................. b 1.8 

Perfluorobutyl acetate ................................................ 209597–28–4 CH3COOCF2CF2CF2CF3 ........................................... b 1.6 

Ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate ......................................... 383–63–1 CF3COOCH2CH3 ....................................................... b 1.3 

2-Fluoroethanol .......................................................... 371–62–0 CH2FCH2OH ............................................................. b 1.1 

4,4,4-Trifluorobutan-1-ol ............................................. 461–18–7 CF3(CH2)2CH2OH ...................................................... b 0.05 


wreier-aviles on DSK5TPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
44352 Federal Register / Vol. 79, No. 147 / Thursday, July 31, 2014 / Proposed Rules 

DEFAULT GWPS FOR COMPOUNDS FOR WHICH CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC GWPS ARE NOT LISTED ABOVE

Fluorinated GHG group d

Global warming 

potential 

(100 yr.) 

Fully fluorinated GHGs .................................................................................................................................................................. 10,000 

Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) ........................................................................................................................................... 2,200 

Partially segregated saturated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and hydrochlorofluoroethers (HCFEs) ................................................ 200 

Non-segregated saturated HFEs and HCFEs ............................................................................................................................... 2,400 

Unsaturated perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unsaturated HFCs, unsaturated hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), unsaturated halogenated ethers, unsaturated halogenated esters, fluorinated aldehydes, and fluorinated ketones ....................................... 1 

Fluorotelomer alcohols .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 

Fluorinated GHGs with carbon-iodine bond(s) .............................................................................................................................. 1 

Other fluorinated GHGs ................................................................................................................................................................. 110 

aThe GWP for this compound is different than the GWP in the version of Table A–1 to subpart A of Part 98 published on October 30, 2009. 

bThis compound was added to Table A–1 for reporting year 2014 and subsequent reporting years. 

cThe GWP for this compound was updated for reporting year 2014 and subsequent reporting years. 

dFor electronics manufacturing (as defined in § 98.90), the term ‘‘fluorinated GHGs’’ in the definition of each fluorinated GHG group in § 98.6 

shall include fluorinated heat transfer fluids (as defined in § 98.98), whether or not they are also fluorinated GHGs. 

Subpart I—Electronics Manufacturing 

■ 6. Section 98.93 is amended by 

revising paragraph (i)(2) introductory 

paragraph to read as follows: 

§ 98.93 Calculating GHG emissions. 

* * * * * 

(i) * * * 

(2) Method selection for stack systems 

in the fab. If the calculations under 

paragraph (i)(1) of this section, as well 

as any subsequent annual measurements 

and calculations under this subpart, 

indicate that the stack system meets the 

criteria in paragraph (i)(2)(i) through 

(iii) of this section, then you may 

comply with either paragraph (i)(3) of 

this section (stack test method) or 

paragraph (i)(4) of this section (method 

to estimate emissions from the stack 

systems that are not tested). If the stack 

system does not meet all three criteria 

in paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through (iii) of 

this section, then you must comply with 

the stack test method specified in 

paragraph (i)(3) of this section. 

* * * * * 

■ 7. Section 98.94 is amended by: 

■ a. Removing paragraph (j)(5)(ii)(C); 

and 

■ b. Revising paragraph (j)(8)(i). 

The revision reads as follows: 

§ 98.94 Monitoring and QA/QC 

requirements. 

* * * * * 

(j) * * * 

(8) * * * 

(i) Annual consumption of a 

fluorinated GHG used during the most 

recent emissions test (expressed in 

CO2e) changes by more than 10 percent 

of the total annual fluorinated GHG 

consumption, relative to gas 

consumption in CO2e for that gas during 

the year of the most recent emissions 

test (for example, if the use of a single 

gas goes from 25 percent of CO2e to 

greater than 35 percent of CO2e, this 

change would trigger a re-test). 

* * * * * 

■ 8. Section 98.96 is amended by: 

■ a. Revising the parameter ‘‘GWPi’’ of 

Equation I–26 in introductory paragraph 

(r); 

■ b. Revising the parameters ‘‘GWPi’’ 

and ‘‘GWPk’’ of Equation I–27 in 

paragraph (r)(1); 

■ c. Revising the parameters ‘‘GWPi’’ 

and ‘‘GWPk’’ of Equation I–28 in 

paragraph (r)(2); and 

■ d. Revising paragraph (x). 

The revisions read as follows: 

§ 98.96 Data reporting requirements. 

* * * * * 

(r) * * * 

* * * * * 

GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated 

GHG i from Table A–1 of this part. 

* * * * * 

(1) * * * 

* * * * * 

GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated 

GHG i from Table A–1 of this part. 

GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated 

GHG by-product k, from Table A–1 of 

this part. 

* * * * * 

(2) * * * 

* * * * * 

GWPi = GWP of emitted fluorinated 

GHG i from Table A–1 of this part. 

GWPk = GWP of emitted fluorinated 

GHG by-product k, from Table A–1 of 

this part. 

* * * * * 

(x) If the emissions you report under 

paragraph (c) of this section include 

emissions from research and 

development activities, as defined in 

§ 98.6, report the approximate 

percentage of total GHG emissions, on a 

metric ton CO2e basis, that are 

attributable to research and 

development activities, using the 

following ranges: less than 5 percent, 5 

percent to less than 10 percent, 10 

percent to less than 25 percent, 25 

percent to less than 50 percent, 50 

percent and higher. 

* * * * * 

[FR Doc. 2014–17963 Filed 7–30–14; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS 

COMMISSION 

47 CFR Part 54 

[WC Docket Nos. 10–90, 14–58; FCC 14– 

98] 

Connect America Fund; ETC Annual 

Reports and Certifications 

AGENCY: Federal Communications 

Commission. 

ACTION: Proposed rule. 

SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal 

Communications Commission 

(Commission) seeks comment on how 

best to maximize the reach of our 

existing Connect America budget and 

leverage non-Federal funding to extend 

broadband to as many households as 

possible when the Commission 

implements Phase II. Specifically, the 

Commission seeks comment regarding 

measures the Commission could take in 

the Phase II competitive bidding process 

to create incentives for state and other 

governmental entities to contribute 

funding to support the extension of 

broadband-capable networks. 

DATES: Comments are due on or before 

September 2, 2014 and reply comments 

are due on or before September 15, 

2014. If you anticipate that you will be 

submitting comments, but find it 

difficult to do so within the period of 

time allowed by this document, you 

should advise the contact listed below 

as soon as possible. 


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