IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS

DALLAS DIVISION

LAWRENCE A. WERTS SR., §

Plaintiff, §

vs. § Civil Action No. 3:22-CV-0973-G-BH

§

LOUIS DEJOY, §

Defendant. § Referred to U.S. Magistrate Judge1

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the relevant filings and applicable law, this case should be DISMISSED without

prejudice sua sponte for failure to comply with Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m) by serving the defendant within

90 days.

I. BACKGROUND

On May 2, 2022, the pro se plaintiff filed this employment discrimination action against the

defendant and paid the filing fee. (See doc. 3.) On May 4, 2022, the Court issued an order stating: 

Because he paid the filing fee, the plaintiff is responsible for serving each defendant with a

summons and a copy of the complaint in this case as provided by Rule 4(c) of the Federal

Rules of Civil Procedure. If a defendant is not served within 90 days after the filing of the

complaint, the action is subject to dismissal against that defendant without prejudice. See

Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). In addition, Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(l)(1) requires the plaintiff to file proof

of service with the Court unless service is waived. This proof must consist of “the server’s

affidavit” if service was not accomplished by the United States Marshal or a deputy marshal. 

Id. If the plaintiff does not file a valid return of service or otherwise show that a defendant

was properly served, this action may be dismissed against that defendant.

(See doc. 6.) The order also directed the clerk to mail the plaintiff summons forms and a copy of

Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The docket reflects that the documents were served

with the order. 

After more than 90 days had passed from the date this suit was filed, but the plaintiff had

1

By Special Order 3-251, this pro se case has been automatically referred for full case management.

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failed to file a valid return of service on the federal defendant or otherwise show that it had been

timely and properly served, he was notified that this case was subject to dismissal for failure to file

a valid return of service under Rule 4(m). (See doc. 12.) He was ordered to file a valid return of

service by August 18, 2022, or show good cause in writing why service could not be made on the

defendant. (See id.) On August 16, 2022, he filed returns of service showing personal service on

the alleged Legal Administrator & Authorized Agent for the Postmaster General, and proof of a

certified mailing to the Attorney General, without proof of receipt. (See docs. 13, 14.)

By order dated August 29, 2022, the plaintiff was notified that his attempted service on a

federal defendant was still not valid under Rule 4 because he had not shown proof of service on the

Attorney General or the United States Attorney. (See doc. 15.) He was again advised that this action

was subject to dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m), and again ordered to file a valid return of

service no later than September 12, 2022, or show good cause in writing why service could not be

made on the federal defendant. (See id.) He was again specifically advised that if he failed to

comply with the order, dismissal of this case would be recommended without further notice. (See

id.) He responded to the order with a 98-page filing and a flash drive, but he failed to provide proof

of service on the federal defendant in accordance with Rule 4. (See docs. 16, 17.)

II. ANALYSIS

Because he paid the filing fee, the plaintiff was responsible for serving each defendant with

a summons and a copy of the complaint as provided by Rule 4(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure. He was required to make proper service on the defendants within 90 days of filing the

complaint. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). He was also required to file proof of service, unless service was

waived. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(l)(1). Proof consists of “the server’s affidavit” when service is not

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effected by a United States marshal or deputy marshal. Id. 

When proper service is not made within 90 days of filing a complaint, an action is subject

to sua sponte dismissal without prejudice. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). Dismissal is not proper “if the

plaintiff shows good cause for the failure” to properly accomplish service, however. Id. In the Fifth

Circuit, courts must allow additional time for service if a plaintiff can establish good cause. Millan

v. USAA Gen. Indem. Co., 546 F.3d 321, 325–26 (5th Cir. 2008) (citing Thompson v. Brown, 91 F.3d

20, 21 (5th Cir. 1996)). “[T]o establish ‘good cause’ the plaintiff must demonstrate at least as much

as would be required to show excusable neglect, as to which simple inadvertence or mistake of

counsel or ignorance of the rules usually do not suffice.” Lindsey v. United States R.R. Ret. Bd., 101

F.3d 444, 446 (5th Cir. 1996) (quoting Peters v. United States, 9 F.3d 344, 345 (5th Cir. 1993)).

Courts also typically require “some showing of good faith on the part of the party seeking an

enlargement and some reasonable basis for noncompliance within the time specified.” Lambert v.

United States, 44 F.3d 296, 299 (5th Cir. 1995). The plaintiff bears the burden to show good cause.

Kersh v. Derozier, 851 F.2d 1509, 1512 (5th Cir. 1988).

Even if the plaintiff fails to show good cause, a court has the discretionary power to extend

the time for service instead of dismissing the case without prejudice. Millan, 546 F.3d at 325 (citing

Thompson, 91 F.3d at 21). Exercise of this discretionary power “may be warranted, ‘for example,

if the applicable statute of limitations would bar the refiled action, or if the defendant is evading

service or conceals a defect in attempted service.’” Millan, 546 F.3d at 325 (quoting Fed. R. Civ.

P. 4(m) advisory committee’s note (1993)). 

Here, more than 90 days have passed since the plaintiff filed this action, but he has not

accomplished service on the defendant named in his complaint. He twice was ordered to file a valid

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return of service or show cause in writing as to why service could not be made on the federal

defendant. Despite the order, the plaintiff has not filed valid returns of service or met his burden to

show cause for his failure to properly serve the defendant. He did not respond to the last order by

showing that he has attempted to validly serve the federal defendant. He has not shown anything

that supports the exercise of discretion to provide more time to accomplish service. Accordingly,

no extension of time is required, and dismissal of the action is warranted. See Caceres-Mejia v.

Watson, 718 F. App’x 307, 308–09 (5th Cir. 2018) (per curiam) (finding that the district court did

not abuse its discretion in dismissing an action without prejudice for lack of timely service where

the plaintiff did not follow state law for service of summons or file the requisite proof to establish

that the defendant acknowledged service of process). 

III. RECOMMENDATION

This case should be DISMISSED without prejudice sua sponte for failure to comply with

Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m) by serving the defendant within 90 days, and final judgment should be entered

unless the plaintiff files valid proof of service for the defendant within the time for objecting to this

recommendation, or by some other deadline set by the Court.

SO RECOMMENDED on this 14th day of September, 2022.

 ___________________________________

 IRMA CARRILLO RAMIREZ

 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR SERVICE AND

NOTICE OF RIGHT TO APPEAL/OBJECT

A copy of these findings, conclusions and recommendation shall be served on all parties in

the manner provided by law. Any party who objects to any part of these findings, conclusions and

recommendation must file specific written objections within 14 days after being served with a copy. 

See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); FED.R.CIV. P. 72(b). In order to be specific, an objection must identify

the specific finding or recommendation to which objection is made, state the basis for the objection,

and specify the place in the magistrate judge’s findings, conclusions and recommendation where the

disputed determination is found. An objection that merely incorporates by reference or refers to the

briefing before the magistrate judge is not specific. Failure to file specific written objections will

bar the aggrieved party from appealing the factual findings and legal conclusions of the magistrate

judge that are accepted or adopted by the district court, except upon grounds of plain error. See

Douglass v. United Servs. Automobile Ass’n, 79 F.3d 1415, 1417 (5th Cir. 1996).

 ___________________________________

 IRMA CARRILLO RAMIREZ

 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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