[Cite as State v. Roesener, 2022-Ohio-1901.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT

UNION COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO,

CASE NO. 14-21-26

 PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,

 v.

DAVID R. ROESENER, O P I N I O N

 DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

Appeal from Marysville Municipal Court

Trial Court No. CRB2100317

Judgment Affirmed

Date of Decision: June 6, 2022

APPEARANCES:

Lawrence J. Kramer for Appellant

Samantha Hobbs for Appellee
Case No. 14-21-26

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WILLAMOWSKI, J. 

{¶1} Defendant-appellant David R. Roesener (“Roesener”) brings this 

appeal from the judgment of the Marysville Municipal Court finding him guilty of 

domestic violence. On appeal, Roesener claims the judgment was not supported by 

sufficient evidence. For the reasons set forth below, the judgment is affirmed.

{¶2} On July 7, 2021, the victim contacted the police and told them that 

Roesener had struck her during an argument. Doc. 1. Officer Zach Schnarre 

(“Schnarre”) responded to the call and arrested Roesener after speaking with the 

parties. Doc. 1. Schnarre charged Roesener with one count of domestic violence in 

violation of R.C. 2919.25(A), a misdemeanor of the first degree. Doc. 1. On 

November 15, 2021, a bench trial was held. Doc. 31. The trial court found Roesener 

guilty and sentenced him to 30 days in jail with credit given for 1 day of time served 

and 29 days suspended. Doc. 31. The trial court also placed Roesener on 

community control for three years. Doc. 31. Roesener filed a timely notice of 

appeal from this judgment. Doc. 37. On appeal, Roesener raises the following 

assignments of error.

First Assignment of Error

There was insufficient evidence of physical harm presented by the 

State to support a conviction.
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Second Assignment of Error

There was insufficient evidence to support the conclusion that 

[Roesener] knowingly caused or attempted to cause physical 

harm to his wife.

{¶3} Both assignments of error in this case challenge the sufficiency of the 

evidence.

The question of whether the evidence presented at trial is legally 

sufficient to support a verdict is a question of law. State v. 

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. 

Sufficiency is basically a term of adequacy. Id.

An appellate court's function when reviewing the sufficiency of 

the evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the 

evidence admitted at trial to determine whether such evidence, if 

believed, would convince the average mind of the defendant's 

guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. * * * Accordingly, “[t]he 

relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light 

most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could 

have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a 

reasonable doubt.” * * * “In deciding if 

the evidence was sufficient, we neither resolve evidentiary 

conflicts nor assess the credibility of witnesses, as both are 

functions reserved for the trier of fact.” State v. Adkins, 3d Dist. 

Allen No. 1-19-71, 2020-Ohio-6799, ¶ 37 (citations omitted).

State v. Hulbert, 3d Dist. Van Wert No. 15-19-07, 2021-Ohio-2298, ¶ 5.

{¶4} Roesener was charged with violation of R.C. 2919.25(A), domestic 

violence. To prove this offense, the State needed to prove that Roesener knowingly 

caused or attempted to cause physical harm to his wife. R.C. 2919.25. In his 

assignments of error, Roesener claims that 1) there was no physical harm as the 

victim only experienced a brief period of mild pain from a strike to the buttocks and 
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2) that he had no intent to cause physical injury to her. “‘Physical harm to persons’ 

means any injury, illness, or other physiological impairment, regardless of its 

gravity or duration.” R.C. 2901.01(A)(3).

(B) A person acts knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the 

person is aware that the person's conduct will probably cause a 

certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person 

has knowledge of circumstances when the person is aware that 

such circumstances probably exist. When knowledge of the 

existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such 

knowledge is established if a person subjectively believes that 

there is a high probability of its existence and fails to make 

inquiry or acts with a conscious purpose to avoid learning the fact.

R.C. 2901.22(B). “To be actionable it is only necessary that the result is within the 

natural and logical scope of risk created by the conduct.” State v. Smith, 4th Dist. 

Ross No. 06CA2893, 2007-Ohio-1884, ¶ 29. “A person need not foresee the precise 

consequences of criminal conduct.” State v. Hampton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 

103373, 2016-Ohio-5321, ¶ 13. The intent of the party is determined from the 

totality of the circumstances. State v. Valladares, 3d Dist. Allen No. 1-17-49, 2018-

Ohio-1250.

{¶5} During the trial, the victim testified that she and Roesener were arguing. 

Tr. 7. The victim testified as follows.

A. * * * He like, kind of like punch [sic] me on my buttocks on 

the left side.

Q. Okay.

A. Yeah.
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Q. Did it hurt when he hit you on your buttock?

A. At that time, yes. But it’s not that, like, badly or anythings 

[sic] like that.

Tr. 8. The victim indicated that she believed Roesener struck her with a closed fist 

because it did not “sound” like a “smack”. Tr. 9. On cross-examination, the victim 

indicated that she did not think Roesener intended to injure her and she did not wish 

to see him convicted. Tr. 13-14.

{¶6} Schnarre testified that Roesener stated that he had “smacked” the victim 

on the buttocks. Tr. 15-16. Video of Schnarre’s body camera was then played. Tr. 

16-21. Roesener indicated he did this after she told him she had thrown his wedding 

ring away so they were not married anymore. Tr. 17. Roesener then stated that he 

“patted her on the butt” like one would do to a “kid sister”. Tr. 17. On crossexamination, Schnarre admitted that Roesener had never used the word smacked, 

that the word was his interpretation. Tr. 24. On redirect, the video was replayed 

and it showed that the following dialogue occurred.

Schnarre: How’s it going?

Roesener: Good. I patted her on the butt and she’s saying that I 

punched her, but I didn’t. I swear to God.

Tr. 25.

{¶7} Following the testimony, the trial court made the following statements.

* * * Both sides seem to agree that the defendant did strike the 

alleged victim on the bottom left buttocks. * * * The alleged victim 

has testified that the slap or what I wrote down was slap or the 
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part or whatever you want to call it. That it did hurt her and that 

she thought it was a closed fist. Probably not the strongest case 

as far as -- as injuries as the defendant said. But I feel that the 

elements of domestic violence have been shown. I’ll therefore, 

make a finding of guilty.

Tr. 43.

{¶8} To determine whether the conviction is supported by sufficient 

evidence, this court must view the evidence in a light most favorable to the State. 

This means that we must accept as fact that Roesener struck the victim with a closed 

fist as the result of an argument when reviewing whether the evidence was 

sufficient. As the trial court noted, the evidence in this case is far from the strongest. 

However, there is evidence that Roesener intended to strike the victim and that the 

victim suffered pain as a result, regardless of the duration. Viewing the evidence in 

a light most favorable to the State, it is sufficient to satisfy the requirement that the 

victim suffered a short-lived injury.1 The duration and gravity are not part of the 

consideration as to whether physical harm occurred. R.C. 2901.01(A)(3). 

{¶9} Likewise, the statute does not require that the offender have an intent to 

injure when committing the offense for it to be knowingly. The statute merely 

requires that the offender intended to commit the act and that the consequences of 

the act were reasonably foreseeable. Roesener argues that the evidence was not 

sufficient to support a finding that he intended the injury. He cites State v. 

1 This Court notes that the evidence may not be weighed as it would be if we were determining whether the 

conviction is supported by the manifest weight of the evidence, so the seriousness of the physical harm is 

irrelevant.
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Sepulveda in support of this argument. 3d Dist. Mercer County No. 10-16-03, 2016-

Ohio-7177. However, in Sepulveda, the defendant was charged with assaulting a 

police officer by spitting on the officer. No evidence was presented that the act of 

spitting caused any harm, usually caused any harm, or even had the potential to 

cause harm in that case. Thus, this court held that the act of spitting was not an 

attempt to cause physical harm to the officer and reversed the judgment. The act of 

spitting is very different from the act of punching someone. Thus, Sepulveda is 

distinguishable from this case. Viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to 

the State, a reasonable person could foresee that striking another person with a 

closed fist may result in pain. Given the evidence before the court, the judgment 

was supported by sufficient evidence. The assignments of error are overruled.

{¶10} Having found no prejudicial error in the particulars assigned and 

argued, the judgment of the Marysville Municipal Court is affirmed.

Judgment Affirmed

MILLER and SHAW, J.J., concur.

/hls