COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Humphreys, McCullough and Senior Judge Bumgardner

ANDREA MICHELLE LOFTON

MEMORANDUM OPINION*

v. Record No. 0961-12-1 PER CURIAM

JANUARY 15, 2013

NORFOLK DEPARTMENT

 OF HUMAN SERVICES 

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF NORFOLK

Everett A. Martin, Jr., Judge

(Mary G. Commander; Rodney D. Malouf, Guardian ad litem for 

appellant; Commander & Carlson; Thomas & Associates, on brief), 

for appellant.

(Bernard A. Pishko, City Attorney; Martha G. Rollins, Deputy City 

Attorney; Scott F. Hallauer, Guardian ad litem for the minor child;

Hallauer Law Firm, on brief), for appellee.

Andrea Michelle Lofton (mother) appeals from an April 27, 2012 circuit court order 

terminating her residual parental rights to her child pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2).

On appeal, mother argues the trial court erred “in finding that termination of [her] parental rights 

was in the child’s best interests,” “in finding that the Department met its burden by clear and 

convincing evidence under [] Code Section 16.1-283(C)(1) and (2) that termination of [her] 

parental rights was appropriate,” and “in terminating [her] parental rights under subsection (C)” 

of Code § 16.1-283. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude this 

appeal is without merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See

Rule 5A:27.

 * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.

UNPUBLISHE

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“The Court of Appeals will not consider an argument on appeal which was not presented 

to the trial court.” Ohree v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 299, 308, 494 S.E.2d 484, 488 (1998). 

See Rule 5A:18.

The final order issued by the circuit court was signed by mother’s counsel and guardian 

ad litem only “Seen and objected to,” without providing any additional grounds for her objection. 

We have consistently held that such an objection is insufficient to preserve a specific argument 

absent some indication in the record that the specific objection was made. See Herring v. 

Herring, 33 Va. App. 281, 286, 532 S.E.2d 923, 927 (2000) (“Ordinarily, endorsement of an 

order ‘Seen and objected to’ is not specific enough to meet the requirements of Rule 5A:18 

because it does not sufficiently alert the trial court to the claimed error.”).

To support her assignments of error, mother argues “the evidence presented showed that 

no services were offered to mother” and that the Department failed to make “reasonable and 

appropriate efforts” as required by Code § 16.1-283(C). She also notes, without elaboration, that 

“it is significant” that the district court terminated mother’s parental rights under Code 

§ 16.1-283(B) while the circuit court terminated her rights under Code § 16.1-283(C). The 

record fails to demonstrate a specific discussion of the issues raised on appeal before the circuit 

court. Therefore, mother did not preserve these arguments for appeal. Rule 5A:18.

Although mother states in her opening brief that “[i]n the event that it is required, 

[m]other urges this [C]ourt to utilize the ‘ends of justice’ exception of Rule 5A:18,” she provides 

no support for her request.

“In order to avail oneself of the exception, a defendant must affirmatively show that a 

miscarriage of justice has occurred, not that a miscarriage might have occurred.” Redman v. 

Commonwealth, 25 Va. App. 215, 221, 487 S.E.2d 269, 272 (1997) (emphasis added). The ends 

of justice exception should be used sparingly. Its purpose is to allow this Court to avoid 
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upholding a “miscarriage of justice.” Mounce v. Commonwealth, 4 Va. App. 433, 436, 357 

S.E.2d 742, 744 (1987). The Supreme Court of Virginia has stated that to apply the ends of 

justice exception “requires a determination not only that there was error . . . but also that 

application of the exception is necessary to avoid a grave injustice.” Charles v. Commonwealth, 

270 Va. 14, 20, 613 S.E.2d 432, 434 (2005). This occurs only in “rare instances.” Ball v. 

Commonwealth, 221 Va. 754, 758, 273 S.E.2d 790, 793 (1981). Here, appellant has given us no 

specific reason to invoke the exception to Rule 5A:18, and we decline to do so sua sponte.

Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision terminating mother’s parental rights. See

Rule 5A:27.

Affirmed.