sUAS Operations Manual 

Airphoto 

September 1 2015 

This manual contains standard operating procedures and guidelines for UAS operations. 
Airphoto 

sUAS Operations Manual 

Table of Contents 

Purpose, Scope, and Mission Statement ............................................................. 5 

Definitions .......................................................................................................... 6 

Personnel Responsibilities .................................................................................. 8 

Visual Observer .................................................................................................... 8 

PIC ......................................................................................................... ; ............. 8 

Flight Team Composition ..................................................................................... 8 

Qualification Requirements ................................................................................. 8; 

Operating Limitations and Conditions ................................................................. 9 

Maintenance Procedures .................................................................................. 10 

Routine Maintenance ........................................................................................ 10; 

Full Flight Test .................................................................................................... 11 

Software Firmware Update Policy ...................................................................... 11 

Logs and Records .............................................................................................. 12 

Pilot and Aircraft Hours ...................................................................................... 12: 

Battery Logbook ................................................................................................. 12 

Flight Planning .................................................................................................. 13; 

:I 

Weather ............................................................................................................. 13 

Site Permissions ................................................................................................. 13 

Pre-Flight Inspections and Checks ...................................................................... 13 

Documentation .................................................................................................. 14 

Pre-Flight Area and Personnel Checks ................................................................ 14 

Closed Set Operations ........................................................................................ 15 

2 
On-Site Procedures ............................................................................................ 16 

Site Survey .................................................................................................. 16 

Selection of Operating Areas and Alternatives ............................................ 16 

Boundaries .................................................................................................. 17 

Anemometer Weather Check ..................................................................... 18 

Crew Briefing .............................................................................................. 18 

Communications .......................................................................................... 19 

Frequency Scans ......................................................................................... 19 

Recharging and Battery Use (Fuel Management) ........................................ 19 

Load-outs and Equipment ........................................................................... 19 

Flight Procedures .............................................................................................. 21 

Motor Start ........................................................................................................ 21 

Take-Off ............................................................................................................. 21 

In-Flight .............................................................................................................. 22 

Let Down/Landing .............................................................................................. 23 

Shutdown .......................................................................................................... 23 

Emergency Procedures ...................................................................................... 24 

Motor Thrust Loss .............................................................................................. 24 

Battery Failure ................................................................................................... 24 

Battery Failure Failsafe ............................................................................... 25 

Transmitter/Controller Battery Failure ....................................................... 26 

Controller Battery Failsafe .......................................................................... 26 

Loss of Control Frequency .................................................................................. 26 

Loss of Frequent Failsafe .................................................................................... 26 

Malicious or Accidental Interference with Control Frequency ........................... 27 

Pilot Incapacitation ..................................................................................... 27 

3 
Aircraft Incursion ........................................................................................ 27 

Fly Away Procedure .......................................................................................... 28 

Crash & Incident Response ................................................................................ 28 

Appendix A - Checklists ..................................................................................... 29 

Pre-Flight Start-Up Checklist .............................................................................. 30 

Pre-Flight Inspection Checklist ........................................................................... 32 

ln-Fiight .............................................................................................................. 33 

Landing Checklist ............................................................................................... 34 

Appendix B ....................................................................................................... 35 

Maintenance Logbook ....................................................................................... 36 

Appendix C ....................................................................................................... 37 

Incident/ Accident Logbook ................................................................................ 38 

Appendix D ....................................................................................................... 39 

Flight Record Logbook ....................................................................................... 40 

Appendix E ........................................................................................................ 41 

Phantom 3 Pro User Manual .............................................................................. 41 

4 
PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND MISSION STATEMENT 

Airphoto (Airphoto), a member of the Professional Aerial Photographers 

Association, International (PAPA) intends as the Operator to promote safe 

operation of sUAS in the National Airspace System (NAS) in a manner that is 

consistent with a long history of safe and professional flight operations in close 

cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The Operators are 

experienced licensed pilots. The sUAS Pilots In Command (PIC) that will operate 

systems according to the approach outlined in this Manual of Procedures 

(Manual) are trained in accordance with this Manual and FAA regulations and 

have decades of successful experience on Aerial Photographic flight missions. 

The intent of the Manual is to provide the outline of a system to conduct safe and 

successful sUAS operations in accordance with the applicable FAA regulations and 

consistent with the Section 333 waiver that this Manual is based upon. It is 

expected that the Operator will continue to apply the skills and experience they 

have employed in manned aircraft operations under FAA regulations. This 

combination of prior successful flight experience and sound sUAS flight 

operational procedures is intended to promote the highest levels of 

professionalism in safe aerial photographic flight missions. 

5 
DEFINITIONS 

The following definitions of words and terms apply to the information contained . 

in this Manual and are specific to procedures and operations that are outlined 

herein. In the case of a conflict with an official FAA definition, the FAA definition 

will be the rule. 

Anemometer- An instrument to measure the velocity of the wind in the Area of 

Operations. 

Area of Operations- Defined as the area where sUAS operations will be carried 

out for a specific flight or series of flights on a given mission. 

Checklists- Procedural checklists used by the PIC to verify proper and safe 

procedures during all phases of sUAS operations. 

Designated Safety Zone- Defined and marked area of ground operations used for 

safe takeoffs and landings of the sUAS at a given Area of Operations. 

FPV- First Person View- Defined as real time viewing of photo-video imagery 

transmitted to a screen by a person/s. 

Flight Control Systems- The combination of telemetry, PIC operated controls, 

and on board control mechanisms that are employed to control the flight of the 

sUAS. 

Frequency Analyzer- A device used to scan the Area of Operations for possible 

interference from radio waves. 

GPS- Global Positioning System. 

Handheld Radio- A radio transceiver capable of communication with other Pilots 

or FAA personnel in the Area of Operations. 

Loiter Mode- A default recovery mode the sUAS goes into when communications 

are lost from the PIC. 

6 
Maintenance Recommendations- Periodic maintenance recommendations for 

each of the sUAS components that have a usable life. 

Manual- This flight manual that combines the Operator specific procedures with 

the sUAS manufacturers' manual. 

Manufacturers Recommendations- Written recommendations provided by the 

manufacturers of the various components of the sUAS. 

NAS- National Airspace System. 

Non Participants- Persons who have not agreed to participate in sUAS 

operations. 

Operator- The entity submitting as the applicant on this waiver request to the 

FAA who will be responsible for all sUAS operations and procedures. 

PAPA- Professional Aerial Photographers Association, International. 

Participants- Persons who have agreed to participate in sUAS operations. 

Pilot In Command- Person who will fly the UA during sUAS operations and who is 

responsible for all safety related or operational decisions under the direction of 

the Operator in accordance with this Manual and FAA requirements. 

SOP- Standard Operating Procedures. 

sUAS- Small Unmanned Aerial Systems as contemplated under the FAA 

guidelines, not to exceed 55 pounds in weight or 100 miles per hour in speed. 

Telemetry- Electronically transmitted data that provides control and information 

transmissions to and from the PIC and the sUAS. 

UA- Unmanned Aircraft. 

Visual Observer- An individual who is designated to observe flight operations and 

to maintain visual contact with the UA during flight operations while maintaining 

communications and coordination with the PIC. 

7 
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES 

VISUAL OBSERVER 

All operations will utilize a Visual Observer. The main responsibilities of the Visual 

Observer will be to ensure that the UA is operated within the visual line of sight of 

both the PIC and Visual Observer at all times. The Visual Observer will maintain 

verbal communication with the PIC at all times. Prior to flight, the PIC will ensure • 

that the Visual Observer understands and can perform all the duties required of' 

the Visual Observer. 

PIC 

Pilot in Command is responsible for the safe operation of the sUAS at all times in 

accordance with this Manual and the applicable FAA regulations. 

Pilot in Command will be responsible for: 

• All support personnel. 

• Performing all pre-flight, flight phase, and post flight inspections, air 

worthiness, diagnostics, and testing. 

• Manufacturer recommended maintenance operations. 

• Weather condition assessments and forecast reviews. 

FLIGHT TEAM COMPOSITION 

The onsite flight team is composed of a Pilot in Command (PIC) and a Visual 

Observer (VO). The PIC is responsible for all flight operations and decisions to 

proceed. The VO is responsible to maintain visual contact with the UA and to, 

provide constant communication with the PIC regarding aircraft status and 

surrounding conditions within the Area of Operations. 

QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 

The PIC must be an FAA-licensed pilot and must have completed the PAPA 

sponsored ground school with at least 25 hours of sUAS flight time. The VO must 

have completed sUAS ground school training and must demonstrate experience 

with FAA procedures and the standard procedures of this Manual. 

8 
OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND CONDITIONS 

Operational Ceiling- Maximum 1,200 ft AGL, typical 400ft AGL. 

Operational Endurance- 15 minutes. 

Maximum Speed- 100 MPH 

Maximum Operating Temperature- 110 degrees F 

Minimum Operating Temperature - 0 degrees F 

Maximum Operational Wind Speed- 15 MPH (gusts to 20 MPH) 

9 
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 

Only Airphoto personnel or an appointed service technician may carry out 

maintenance on the sUAS aircraft systems described in this operations manual. In 

all cases a Maintenance Logbook (see Appendix B) is completed to reflect any 

work undertaken and a flight test, testing all functions (including the return-tohome failsafe facility), is subsequently carried out by the PIC. 

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE 

The Pre-Flight and Post-Flight checklists shown in Appendix A are completed by 

the PIC every time a Airphoto sUAS aircraft is operated. Every six months (or fifty· 

hours of flight time - whichever comes first) the following inspection is carried · 

out by the PIC. The inspection is recorded in the Maintenance Logbook along 

with any findings. Any issues identified are remedied and the aircraft undergoes a 

full flight-test before the aircraft is returned to Operational Status: 

• Inspection of the airframe for any damage, unusual marks and tightness of 

fixings; 

• Inspection of the motor mountings for correct tension; 

• Inspection of the propellers for condition, unusual marks, chips, cracks and 

tightness of fasteners; 

• Inspection of electrical wiring for condition, unusual marks or discoloration; ~ 

• Inspection of electrical terminal fittings and plugs for secure attachment 

and general condition; 

• Inspection of the attachment of all fittings such as flight controller, GPS 

antennas etc. for secure attachment; 

• Inspection of payload attachment points for condition and security of 

payload; 

• Inspection of the condition and function of all ancillary equipment such as 

transmitter etc. 

• Testing of all system battery packs for charge status and general condition. 

If any issues or problems are identified then the aircraft is not allowed to fly until 

the issue has been remedied. If minor problems (such as damaged propellers, 

faulty battery packs etc.) are identified and remedied, and the PIC believes the 

aircraft is suitable to return to Operational Status then the work completed is 

noted in the Maintenance Logbook. If major issues are identified (such as an 

unserviceable motor, damaged airframe etc.), then the aircraft undergoes a full 

10 
flight test regime (as described below), once the identified fault has been 

remedied. 

FULL FLIGHT TEST 

The system has all functions tested with a minimum of five minutes flight time by 

a qualified PIC recording any abnormalities in the Flight Record Logbook 

(Appendix D). If the PIC deems the aircraft to be safe then he must sign the Flight 

Record Logbook as fit for Operational use. Systems with identified issues relating 

to firmware or software (see below) are grounded by Airphoto until any problems 

are rectified. 

SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE UPDATE POLICY 

All new software and firmware are thoroughly assessed before installation. 

Particular attention is focused on relevance to operations, reason for release and 

any known issues. Multi-rotor and sUAS forums are consulted regularly for any 

reported issues with the release and only when the validity of the upgrade has 

been confirmed is the upgrade considered. 

In all circumstances the upgrade is performed by qualified Airphoto personnel or 

appointed service providers. All upgrade information such as version numbers 

and new functions are recorded in the Maintenance Logbook. All Airphoto PIC 

are made aware that the firmware or software has been upgraded before any 

flight operations are undertaken. 

Any upgraded system has all functions thoroughly tested with a minimum of five 

minutes flight time by a qualified Airphoto PIC who records any abnormalities in 

the Flight Record Logbook. If the PIC deems the aircraft to be safe then the PIC 

signs the Flight Record Logbook as fit for Operational use. If any doubts exist as 

to the new upgrade the aircraft is downgraded to the previous firmware and the 

flight test procedure is repeated. Systems with identified issues relating to 

firmware or software are grounded until the problem can be rectified. 

11 
LOGS AND RECORDS 

PILOT AND AIRCRAFT HOURS 

Airphoto PIC are required to keep a log of pilot and aircraft hours. 

To meet this requirement, Airphoto holds and updates a spreadsheet-based 

Personal Flying Log Book for Aircraft Operating Crew. This log book is a separate 

document which can be viewed on request (see sample page at Appendix D). 

BATTERY LOGBOOK 

Airphoto Personal Flying Log Book (Appendix D) additionally records information 

about battery condition (charge) before and after each flight. The Battery 

Logbook is accompanied by - and supported with - Airphoto Incident Logbook 

(Appendix C) and Maintenance Logbook (Appendix B). 

12 
FLIGHT PLANNING 

WEATHER 

Operator will require PIC to obtain all necessary weather information in order to 

plan and conduct safe flight operations according to and as referenced by any 

applicable UA Operator Manuals. If operating near an operating Automated 

Terminal Information Service (ATIS) or All Weather Observation Service (AWOS), 

the broadcast system will be consulted. If ATIS/ is not available, PIC will consultalternative sources for a current weather forecast. 

The operating envelope for the Phantom 3 Pro has been referred to earlier. It is 

emphasized that the PIC is to ensure the operating envelope environment meets 

or exceeds all safe and legal visibility, precipitation, humidity, and wind limitations 

for safe operation. 

SITE PERMISSIONS 

• Secure permissions from property owner if required. 

• Secure permissions from participants. 

• Coordinate with local law enforcement if required. 

• Prior to operations, Operator receives permission for take-off and landing 

from the relevant land-owner. In most cases permission attainment is 

unproblematic as the landowner and the client are the same individual (or 

entity). In the case of local authority owned land, the relevant authority is 

contacted in advance to secure permission for take-off and landing, and to 

find out about any operating restrictions or specific insurance requirements 

that might apply. 

PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTIONS AND CHECKS 

Prior to each flight, the PIC will conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine if 

the sUAS is in a condition for safe flight, and to account for all possible 

discrepancies or inoperable equipment. If the inspection reveals any condition 

that will affect the safe operation of the sUAS, the aircraft will be prohibited from 

operating until the necessary maintenance can be performed and the sUAS can be 

returned to safe flight. The preflight inspections will include the following 

components according to the recommended checklists in the DJI operator 

manual, and in the Airphoto checklist: 

13 
D Airframe 

D Battery 

D Transmitters 

D Camera and Gimbal 

D Propulsion system including propellers 

In addition, with the battery attached and turned on in the sUAS, the PIC will 

oversee and monitor the series of diagnostic tests to determine and verify proper 

voltage levels, control function, communication, and GPS satellite connectivity. 

acquisition. PIC will utilize the DJI Phantom 3 Pro LED indicators as well as. 

telemetry data to determine if the proper preflight diagnostics have been · 

completed. The PIC will also perform and log a pre-flight compass calibration· 

each time the sUAS is flown from a new location. 

DOCUMENTATION 

PIC will ensure that all documents used by Airphoto to ensure safe flight i 

operations and any document required under 14 CFR 91.9 and 91.203 must be' 

available at the Ground Control Station on site at any time the sUAS is operating, 

and ready to be made available to any law enforcement official upon request. If 

possible, these documents will be on the PIC's person at all times during flight, 

operations, and accessible to law enforcement without interrupting the PIC while 

conducting flight operations (possibly in a pouch on the back of the vest). 

PRE-FLIGHT AREA AND PERSONNEL CHECKS 

• Survey flight operations area for safety concerns and to verify conditions. 

• Examine all components of the sUAS to verify proper function in 

accordance with the applicable manuals and manufacturer's instructions. 

• Verify notification to all personnel on site. 

• Establish Designated Safety Zone and verify safe clearances. 

• PIC should wear the specified safety vest. 

• The ultimate responsibility for aircraft airworthiness and operational safety 

rests with the sUAS pilot-in-command. For this, the PIC- as an aid- uses a 

Pre-Flight Checklist (see Appendix A). In summary, the Pre-Flight Checklist 

prompts examination of the following: 

D The airframe (for condition and lack of damage); 

D The battery (for level-of-charge and security of attachment); 

D The transmitter (for level-of-charge and to check that switches 

14 
are in the 'home' position); 

D The camera (secured, on and operating). 

D Propulsion system 

• In addition, when the flight battery is connected to the sUAS, the flight 

controller undertakes a series of diagnostic tests (while simultaneously 

locating the position of GPS satellites). 

CLOSED SET OPERATIONS 

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture 

and television filming and production, the following additional conditions and 

limitations apply: 

• The operator must have a Motion Picture and Television Operations 

Manual (MPTOM) as documented in this grant of exemption. 

• At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the sUAS affected by 

this exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight 

Standards District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed 

filming. The 3-day notification may be waived with the concurrence of the 

FSDO. The plan of activities must include at least the following: 

o Dates and times for all flights; 

o Name and phone number of the operator for the sUAS aerial 

filming conducted under this grant of exemption; 

o Name and phone number of the person responsible for the onscene operation of the sUAS; 

o Make, model, and serial or N-Number of sUAS to be used; 

o Name and certificate number of sUAS PICs involved in the 

aerial filming; 

o A statement that the operator has obtained permission from 

property owners and/or local officials to conduct the filming 

production event; the list of those who gave permission must 

be made available to the inspector upon request; 

o Signature of exemption holder or representative; and 

o A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams 

of any area, city, town, county, and/or state over which filming 

will be conducted and the altitudes essential to accomplish the 

operation. 

• Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating 

15 
persons consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, 

as specified in the exemption holder's MPTOM. 

ON-SITE PROCEDURES 

The on-site procedures undertaken by Airphoto are conducted in accordance with 

and controlled through an extensive use of checklists. For this reasonJ the 

following sections repeatedly refer to various checklists found in Appendix A of this 

Manual. 

• Site Survey- In advance of operations, a survey is undertaken to review the • 

site, its terrain, structures and surroundings- to check any assumptions 

made about the location prior to arrival and to adjust the operations plan 

accordingly. For this, an On-Site Survey Checklist is used (see Appendix A, 

page 25). The primary purpose of the site survey is to make a visual check 

of the operating area with the objective of identifying any potential 

hazards. 

• Selection of Operating Areas and Alternatives- In advance of the pre-flight: 

On-Site Survey, Google maps will be consulted and- if possible- the local 

site will be visited beforehand. The site will be specifically checked in terms · 

of: 

o Proximity to Airport Reference Points (ARP) as denoted in the 

Airport Facility Directory (AFD). Must operate outside 5 miles 

of ARP, unless otherwise agreed upon by virtue of written 

letter of agreement with the airport's management, or 

otherwise permitted by the COA issued to Airphoto 

o Ability of PIC and VO to operate the sUAS clear of, and give 

way to, all manned aviation operations and activities at all 

times. 

o 500ft. clearance of all non-participating persons, vessels, 

vehicles, and structures unless; A. sufficiently protected in the 

event of an accident, and the nonparticipating persons remain 

protected at all times during operations of the sUAS, and B. 

The owners and controllers of any vessels, vehicles, or 

structures has granted permission for the operating closer to 

those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of the 

risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it 

16 
does not present an undue hazard. 

o Ability of Airphoto to conduct operations over private or 

controlled access property with permission from the 

owner/controller or representative of such, and said 

permissions are granted. 

o Proximity to radio interferences 

o Prevailing weather conditions have been adequately assessed, 

including; high winds, convection, visibility, minimum cloud 

clearance {500ft below, and 2,000 ft horizontal clearance), or 

when visibility is less than 3 miles from the PIC. 

The primary site for take-off and landing will be assessed (size, shape, surface, 

slope and surroundings) and an alternative site will be identified should the 

primary site become unavailable or unsuitable. 

• Boundaries- Airphoto requires that proper identifiers and signage will be in 

place in the operating area to alert people to the fact that aerial work is 

being conducted. The PIC will be responsible for cordoning to ensure safe 

distances from operations are observed. Cordoning procedures to be 

practiced include: 

o Take-off and Landing safety Area: PIC will determine the safe 

distances of all people from the take-off and landing operation 

of the sUAS. The PIC will also establish a cordoned area with 

clearly marked delineation the take-off and landing operations. 

o Signage and Identifying Clothing: The PIC will place signage at 

each entry point within the operations area alerting people to 

the following: 

A. Low altitude aerial work is being conducted 

B. Use of any actual sensing equipment being used 

C. A request asking people to not enter the area without 

first notifying the PIC or Airphoto designated on-site 

flight operations personnel 

D. PIC and VO will put on outerwear that will identify them 

in their respective roles. Signage will be attached on 

their person that will instruct law-enforcement, 

observers, or any other people present that they are not 

to be interrupted un-necessarily while conducting flight 

17 
operations. 

• Anemometer Weather Check- Beyond pre-site planning weather forecast 

checks, Airphoto requires that the PIC conduct specific on-site weather 

checks. The PIC will utilize a hand-held or portable Anemometer to 

determine wind speed, direction, temperature, and humidity. Aerial 

operations will only be conducted within the specific recommended wind 

and humidity limitations of the sUAS manufacturer's operating manuals, or 

if not identified therein, only in conditions where wind speed is less than 

lSmph, gusting up to 20mph. 

• Crew Briefing - Airphoto flight operations personnel will typically include 

the PIC, VO, and other possible ground crew. The operations personnel, in 

addition to any other parties that may be present, will be briefed prior to 

the start of operations. The briefing will include: 

o Introduction to the equipment being used including the sUAS 

and the ground station functions, with particular emphasis on ! 

moving parts including weight of the sUAS, and the harm or 

damage that could possibly be inflicted by coming into contact 

with those components (particularly the propellers, and hot 

surfaces) 

o Familiarization with the failsafe return-to-home systems and 

instruction on how to activate those systems if the PIC is 

unable to activate those systems 

o Expected flight plan, holding positions, flight duration, and 

overall flight boundaries. 

o Expected responsibilities and authority of each flight 

operations personnel 

o Identification and familiarization with the take-off and landing 

designated areas, and the requirements for remaining clear of 

those areas at all times. 

o The need for all present to alert the PIC of any encroachments 

of people or objects into the airspace and ground boundaries 

o Importance of mitigating any possible distractions or unnecessary communication with the PIC during operations 

o Careful review of Lost Link and emergency procedures 

• Communications- Airphoto uses channel-hopping technology on 2.4GHz to 

18 
maintain communications with the SUAS for the purposes of platform 

control. There is no communication ('downlink') from the sUAS to the 

ground station. In the event of loss of or interference with the control 

frequency, the sUAS is programmed to return to its take-off position and 

land autonomously ('return-to-home'). This failsafe procedure is described 

further under Emergency Procedures. 

• Frequency Scans - Airphoto will perform frequency scans to help identify 

possible conflict with radio communications. This will be performed via a 

hand-held or portable radio spectrum scanner by the PIC. These scans will 

include a full spectrum scan of the applicable frequency range of the sUAS. 

Possible sources of radio interference or conflict will be identified and 

evaluated to determine if flight operations can be safely continued. 

• Recharging and Battery Use (Fuel Management) - The DJI Phantom 3 Pro 

utilizes a 4480 mAh 15.2V LiPo 45 Intelligent Flight Battery. Batteries are 

charged at base prior to flight operations. The number of batteries that will 

be transported to the flight operations area will be based on the specific 

needs of the flight operations or mission. The battery capacity will be 

tested utilizing the internal proprietary tester on the battery, and will also 

be checked utilizing the proprietary DJI software, as well as any internally 

sensed telemetry software and hardware attached to the sUAS. A battery 

charge log will be kept via the proprietary DJI Phantom 3 Pro software and 

will be completed prior to every flight. Any battery found to be less than 

fully-charged, damaged, displays insufficient voltage, or otherwise 

defective will not be used. 

• Load-outs and Equipment- The Phantom 3 Pro is a simple quad-copter UAS 

with limited capability for loads and equipment. Removable equipment 

includes the battery, gimbal, camera, telemetry hardware, antenna, and 

imaging transmitter. The battery is held in place via proprietary fittings. 

The gimbal is attached via screws into the airframe. The camera is attached 

to the gimbal using screws and a proprietary harness. All other equipment 

is attached using nylon fittings, Velcro, or adhesives. Total takeoff weight 

with these components will not exceed the maximum recommended takeoff weight identified in the Phantom 3 Pro Users/operators Manual of 1280 

grams. Payload security is tested prior to any operations both visually and 

19 
by vigorous tactile testing. All attachment points will be inspected and 

tested weekly. 

20 
FLIGHT PROCEDURES 

Airphoto will utilize checklists to direct the flight operations personnel in flight 

procedures. The following section will continually refer to the several checklists 

presented in the Appendix. 

• Motor Start - All of the various preflight checks will have been performed 

prior to motor start and will include: 

o PIC and VO will put on identifying outerwear. 

o Pre-flight compass calibration, GPS verification, and voltage 

diagnostics completed. 

o Take-off position and location is checked to ensure it is clear of 

obstacles, debris, potential hazards, and people. 

o Transmitter switches are placed in the proper configuration, 

including the home switch and GPS mode switch. 

o Transmitter is on and properly charged with voltage confirmed. 

o Battery is secured, on, and properly seated. 

o Camera and gimbal is armed, responding to commands, and 

stabilized. 

o sUAS is placed in the proper takeoff position. 

o LED flight mode indicator, and telemetry read-out shows adequate 

GPS connectivity according to the DJI Phantom 3 Pro User/operators 

Manual. 

o LED flight mode indicators and telemetry read-outs show the proper 

flight mode is selected DJI Phantom 3 ProUser/operators Manual. 

o Camera is switched on. 

o All flight operations personnel are in their proper position and at the 

ready. 

o Start motors, and establish functional pre-take-off power setting. 

• Take-Off- Once motors have been started, the PIC will verify that the pretake-off checklist has been completed. Once this has been verified, the PIC 

will follow the following take-off procedure: 

1. Apply power for a controlled ascent to a safe low-level test altitude 

over the take-off area, and then hold. 

2. After in hold, PIC performs check of all control stick response 

including rudder, aileron, elevator, and throttle to ensure proper 

21 
response to commands. 

3. PIC confirms with VO that the flight operations area is free of 

obstructions or other manned or unmanned air traffic. 

4. PIC confirms with all flight operations personnel that they are ready 

to proceed with flight operations as planned. 

• In-Flight - Airphoto requires that the PIC is free to concentrate on 

positioning, scanning, and monitoring systems and the flight operations 

area without un-necessary distraction, and to ensure the flight is compliant 

with remaining 500 ft clear of all non-participating persons, vessels,. 

vehicles, or structures unless proper permissions have been obtained as· 

described in the previous section addressing the selection of sites .• 

Throughout the flight, PIC will take particular care to remain within the 

established operating permissions and envelope by executing the following 

practices: 

o Verify through verbal communication with the VO that they are 

alerted to any manned or unmanned aircraft within the flight area. 

o Verify through verbal communication with the VO that obstacles are 

being identified and avoided. 

o Interval monitoring of voltage and communication with sUAS to 

ensure adequate voltage according to the DJI Phantom 3 

ProUser/operating Manual for safe return and landing. 

o Monitor time since motors were started to ensure a minimum of 3 

minutes of battery fuel is available for return and landing of sUAS. 

o A safety margin of a minimum of 3 minutes of battery life is 

maintained at all times. 

o Maintain visual contact with flight systems/mode and battery LED 

light indicators at all times. 

o Maintain situational awareness of changes in weather, visibility, or 

cloud avoidance at all times. 

o Maintain operation speeds less than lOOmph. 

o Maintain visual contact with sUAS at all times. 

o Ensure VO has visual contact with the sUAS in flight at all times. 

Establish a position hold until VO re-establishes visual contact with 

the sUAS if contact is lost. 

22 
• Let-Down/Landing - To execute a safe recovery and landing of the sUAS, 

the PIC will ensure that the following practices are followed: 

o Establish and guide the sUAS through a safe route to directly above 

the cordoned take-off and landing area. 

o Maintain a safe descent rate and follows all procedures and 

techniques to avoid vortex state or settling with power. 

o Verify that a minimum of 3 minutes of battery life is available, as 

mentioned above, to ensure a holding position if the landing area is 

not cleared. 

o Verify that the landing area is clear of debris, obstacles, people, or 

hazards that would preclude a safe landing. 

• Shutdown - Upon landing, the throttle is returned to the home position 

causing the rotors to stop spinning. Operations then proceed as follows: 

1. The sUAS battery is switched off or disconnected. 

2. The camera is stopped and is then switched off. 

3. The sUAS is removed from the landing area and is checked for 

any abnormalities or damage. 

4. The transmitter is switched off. 

5. The sUAS battery is removed, tested, and then the battery is 

safely secured and stored. 

23 
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 

The emergency procedures described below address the following, safety-critical' 

question: In the event of a malfunction, failure or other in-flight emergency, how 

is the sUAS going to safely land without creating a hazard to other airspace users 

or persons or property on the ground? 

MOTOR THRUST LOSS 

As a quad copter, The Phantom 3 Pro has no 'rotor redundancy'. Loss of power to 

a motor on a quad copter will result in a crash. For this reason, Airphoto takes 

specific preventative steps to ensure that loss of power to a motor will not occur: 

• Wiring integrity is checked visually prior to any flight operations. 

• A pre-flight battery check is undertaken to test the charge of the cells. 

• Upon take-off, the sUAS is lifted into a temporary, low-altitude holding 

position and the throttle/ rudder and aileron/elevator control sticks are 

moved to check that sUAS is responding as expected. 

If there is a loss of thrust to a motor, any residual control left available to the PIC 

will be used to guide the sUAS away from people and objects to avoid injury or 

damage to property and people. Every effort will be made to restrict the crash 

site to the safest possible position. 

sUAS BATTERY FAILURE 

As has been addressed in above previous sections, Airphoto has procedures and 

practices in place designed to prevent sUAS batter failure or malfunction, and 

they include: 

• The batteries are physically inspected and tested through all phases of preflight and post flight for damage or swelling 

• The Battery performance and condition is tested prior to each flight to 

ensure they are fully charged, and the proprietary OJI software charge 

track/log is checked to ensure the battery meets the minimum safe 

requirements as specified by DJI in operating manual and firmware specs. 

• Throughout all phases of flight, the battery voltage, percentage of charge 

remaining, and time in operation is constantly monitored via the telemetry 

transmission to the ground station to ensure there is the proper minimum 

voltage and time to return and land is achieved and maintained. 

• The PIC will immediately land the sUAS in the nearest possible landing area 

24 
if telemetry indicates the minimum voltage, time in operation, or 

percentage of charge are not met. 

BATTERY FAILURE FAILSAFE 

(Low Battery RTH) 

The low battery level failsafe is triggered when the DJI Intelligent Flight Battery is 

depleted to a point that may affect the safe return of the aircraft. Users are 

advised to return home or land the aircraft immediately when prompted. The DJI 

pilot app will display a notice when a low battery warning is triggered. The aircraft 

will automatically return to the Home Point if no action is taken after a 10 second 

countdown. The user can cancel the RTH procedure by pressing the RTH button 

on the remote controller. The thresholds for these warnings are automatically 

determined based on the aircraft's current altitude and distance from the Home 

Point. 

The aircraft will land automatically if the current battery level can only support 

the aircraft long enough to descend from its current altitude. The user can still use 

the remote controller to alter the aircraft's orientation during the landing process. 

A more detailed description of indications, warnings, and thresholds is presented 

in Appendix E-Phantom 3 User Manual, page 13 and 14, of this document. 

TRANSMITTER/CONTROLLER BATTERY FAILURE 

As has been mentioned previously, through the extensive use of checklist 

procedures, Airphoto requires that the PIC ensure the DJI Phantom 3 Pro 

controller (ground station) will be fully charged prior to any aerial operation. Any 

monitors being used to display telemetry will also be fully charged. 

CONTROLLER BATTERY FAILSAFE 

Airphoto will use The DJI Phantom 3 Pro flight control system that incorporates an 

automated failsafe system which commands the sUAS to return to home and land 

if there is a loss of remote control for 3 seconds due to battery failure or any 

other cause. When the controller battery level is critically low The Remote Status 

Indicator will blink red and sound an alert. 

LOSS OF CONTROL FREQUENCY (and/or Ground Station Failure) 

25 
To help prevent a loss of control frequency, Airphoto requires that the PIC ensure 

flight operations only occur within un-aided visual line of site VLOS at all times. 

Doing so will keep the sUAS well within the required minimum range of the DJI. 

Phantom 3 Pro controller/transmitter. 

LOSS OF CONTROL FREQUENCY FAILSAFE 

If the control frequency signal is lost for more than 3 seconds (sUAS out of range, 

ground station failure etc.) the DJI Phantom 3 Pro Flight Controller has been 

programmed to switch the UAS into failsafe mode and it will 'return to home' ' 

(RTH) and also land: 

• If the failsafe occurs while in GPS mode according to the parameters of 

the DJI Phantom 3 Pro User/Operator Manual, the sUAS will return to the 

take-off and landing area and auto-land. 

• If the fail location occurs while in A Til mode according to the parameters 

of the DJI Phantom 3 Pro User/Operator Manual, the sUAS will auto-land. 

• The RTH failsafe mechanism works by the sUAS Flight Controller saving 

the home (take-off) point automatically when the throttle stick is moved 

for the first time (after 6 or more GPS satellites have been acquireddenoted by a single red pulse from the LED or a series of continuous 

green pulses). 

The RTH failsafe function on the sUAS is tested on a weekly basis by Airphoto by 

switching the transmitter off during a test flight session. 

MALICIOUS OR ACCIDENTAL INTERFERENCE WITH CONTROL FREQUENCY 

As was mentioned in previous sections, through the extensive use of checklists, 

Airphoto requires that the PIC utilize a Spectrum Scanner to ensure there is no • 

accidental or malicious radio interference. In the unlikely event that this should . 

occur, the PIC will initiate the failsafe procedure mentioned in the previous 

section 

• Pilot Incapacitation - If the pilot-in-command becomes incapacitated to 

the extent that control of the sUAS becomes unviable, the sUAS will hover , 

in a stationery position until the battery's second level low-voltage 

protection is triggered. At this point, the sUAS will descend and land in a 

steady, controlled manner. If an observer is present, they will have been 

briefed on the sUAS's failsafe (return-to-home) mode and its activation 

26 
(see Section on ucrew Briefing"). 

• Aircraft Incursion - If another aircraft should enter or appears to be 

entering the Visual Line of Sight Operating Envelope VLOS, PIC will 

operate the sUAS to immediately maintain safe visual separation, and give 

way to any manned flight operation. 

FLY AWAY PROCEDURE 

A ((fly away" is defined as the loss of control transmission link where the PIC no 

longer has control or the ability to command the sUAS to remain within the 

bounds of the intended operation area. In the unlikely event that this should 

occur, the PIC will observe and record the direction of flight heading, speed, and 

altitude of the sUAS, and then follow the Incident Response Procedure as outlined 

below: 

• Crash & Incident Response While Airphoto takes extreme caution in its 

flight procedures to prevent a loss of control or crash, any incident, 

accident, or operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical boundaries 

as defined by the applicable COA issued must be reported to the FAA UAS 

Integration Office (AFS 80) within 24 hours. The following procedures will 

also be ensured by the PIC: 

o PIC will have on their person a copy of the local emergency 

response contact information, including fire, law 

enforcement, medical response, and the UAS Integration 

Office contact information 

27 
Appendix A 

Checklists 

28 
SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST: 

o Review applicable charts and note airspace including Special Use Airspace (SUA}, 

Prohibited Areas, and nearby designated airport traffic patterns. Assess property 

boundaries within the working area and consider coordination efforts and 

documentation needed for safe operation. 

o Check for Notices to Airmen (NOTAMS} 

o Determine a weather observation source for the area. 

o Note prevailing weather conditions. 

o Assess Risk Factors. 

o Visually check the operating area and identify potential hazards: 

• Persons, vessels, trees, fencing, structures, high-tension lines, 

livestock, sensitive habitats areas, noise abatement. · 

o Analyze and determine the best take off and landing zone. 

o Account for hard or soft surface conditions including sloping and terrain 

differences. 

o Establish an alternate if the primary take off and landing zone should become 

unavailable or unsuitable. 

29 
PRE-FLIGHT START-UP CHECKLIST: 

o Verify all transmitter, on-board aircraft and camera batteries are fully 

charged (confirm voltages). 

o Ensure no frequency conflicts with video and transmitter I receiver. 

o Check all control surfaces for signs of damage, loose hinges, and overall 

condition. Inspect the wings I rotors to ensure they are in good structural 

condition and properly secured. 

o Check motor I engine and mounting attachments to the airframe. 

o Inspect propellers I mounting hardware (tight) I rotor blades for chips and 

deformation. 

o Check the landing gear for damage and function. 

o Test electrical connections (plugged in and secure). 

o Ensure photo I video equipment mounting system is secure and 

operational. 

o Check location of GPS equipment controlling the autopilot. 

o Check the IMU movements in the ground control software. 

o sUAS in stabilization mode, ensure control response move toward the 

correct positions. 

o sUAS I Drone is in a level location safe for takeoff. 

o FPV I Power up ground station. 

o FPV I Power up Video receiver. 

o If using Video recorder, turn on camera system. 

o Camera settings are correct (still images, video, frame rate). 

o SD camera memory clear and inserted into the camera. 

o Action I Start filming. 

o All transmitter controls move freely in all directions. 

o All transmitter trims in neutral position. 

o All transmitter switches in correct position (typically away). 

o Transmitter throttle to zero. 

o Radio transmitter on. 

o Connect I power on battery to airframe. 

o Ensure led indicators and audible tones are correct. 

o Timer on (if applicable). 

o FPV, confirm video is in monitor I goggles. 

o Scan for nearby cars I people I animals. 

o Say"CLEAR!". 

o Arm flight controller. 

30 
o Increase throttle slightly listening for any abnormalities. 

o Short 20-30 second hover at 3-5 feet (listen for vibrations I loose items). 

o Confirm Voltage levels are correct. 

31 
PRE-FLIGHT INSPECTION CHECKLIST: 

D Perform initial walk-around. 

D Inspect sUAS for cracks in joints and structural members. 

D Inspect sUAS for loose or damaged screws, ties, fasteners, straps. 

D Inspect sUAS for loose or damaged wiring. 

D Inspect sUAS for loose or damaged connections (solder, plugs, etc.). 

D Inspect prop mounts and screws and apply slight counter pressure on arms 

to check for loosened components. 

D Ensure antennas and masts are secure. 

D Inspect I clean FPV Camera and Lens and insure it is secured and 

connections are firmly attached. 

D Ensure camera settings are correct (still images, video, frame rate). 

D Ensure FPV Transmitters are secure and operational. 

D Ensure batteries are fully charged, properly seated and secured. 

D Ensure the following fail-safe equipment is functioning: 

D RTH (return to home). 

D Recovery Command Response (toggle test). 

D Firmware Airport Proximity Detection. 

D Ensure props are smooth and free of damage I defect (check blade, surface 

and hub). 

D Ensure prop adapters are tight I secure. 

D Ensure voltage alarm is connected. 

D Ensure arming I idle timeout is properly configured. 

D Ensure correct model is selected in transmitter (if applicable). 

D Check RC transmitter for the correct range and centering for all sticks. 

D Perform range test. 

32 
IN-FLIGHT CHECKLIST: 

D Basics: If flying manually, always keep your fingers on the 

controller/transmitter. 

D Never let the sUAS out of your sight even for a second. 

D Climb to a safe altitude away from potential hazards and to reduce noise 

pollution. 

D Keep aircraft at a safe operating distance from people, electric utility lines 

and buildings. 

D If the sUAS must be flown over buildings or people, use a lightweight sUAS 

and maintain a safe altitude for recovery and make every effort to minimize 

exposure. 

D Spotter: Use a spotter whenever possible and appropriate, especially when 

flying by First Person View (FPV). 

D Do not fly sUASs within distance defined by local laws of any 

private/commercial airport/helipad. 

D Do not fly around a pre-existing sUAS flying site without a frequencymanagement agreement. 

D Do not interfere with operations and traffic patterns at any airport. 

33 
LANDING CHECKLIST: 

0 Regardless of whether of a manual or automated sUAS landing, scan 

landing area for potential obstruction hazards. 

0 Announce out loud "Preparing to Land". 

0 Use a safe descent rate and follow correct procedures to avoid a vortex 

state or settling. 

0 Carefully land the aircraft away from obstructions and people. 

0 Turn the power off to the aircraft and/or disconnect the batteries. 

0 Turn off the transmitter. 

0 Turn the power off to the photo equipment. 

0 Visually check aircraft for signs of damage and/or excessive wear. 

0 Remove the unused fuel if applicable. Secure the aircraft. 

0 Check pictures: Verify that the sUAS camera actually took the pictures. 

0 LOG FLIGHT. 

34 
Appendix B 

Maintenance Logbook 

35 
MAINTENANCE LOGBOOK 

Date Component Maintenance Maintenance Comments 

Activity Time 

36 
Appendix C 

Incident/ Accident Logbook 

37 
INCIDENT/ACCIDENT LOGBOOK 

Date of Time of Name of Injured Incident/ Accident Action Taken Notes 

Incident/ Incident/ Details 

Accident Accident 

38 
Appendix D 

Flight Record Logbook 

39 
FLIGHT RECORD LOGBOOK (Sample Page) 

Date Location Activity Flying Time Battery Battery Comments 

Before After 

40