# Patent

## Title
Generating a recommendation to add a member to a receptivity cohort

## Abstract

A processor-implemented method, system, and/or computer program product generate a recommendation to add a member to a receptivity cohort. A receptivity cohort is made up of members who share a conduct attribute, which is a facial expression, body language, and/or social interaction of a person. The conduct attribute has been predetermined to be an indicator of a level of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances. Biometric sensor data, which describe the facial expression, body language and/or social interaction for a candidate member, are retrieved from a set of biometric sensors. The retrieved biometric sensor data for the candidate member is compared to the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort. In response to the biometric sensor data for the candidate member matching the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort, a recommendation is generated to add the candidate member to the receptivity cohort.

## Background
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/335,731, filed on Dec. 16, 2008, and titled “Generating Receptivity Scores For Cohorts,” which is incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system and in particular to a method and apparatus for generating cohorts. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for processing cohort data to generate receptivity scores.
A cohort is a group of members selected based upon a commonality of one or more attributes. For example, one attribute may be a level of education attained by workers. Thus, a cohort of workers in an office building may include members who have graduated from an institution of higher education. In addition, the cohort of workers may include one or more sub-cohorts that may be identified based upon additional attributes such as, for example, a type of degree attained, a number of years the worker took to graduate, or any other conceivable attribute. In this example, such a cohort may be used by an employer to correlate a worker's level of education with job performance, intelligence, and/or any number of variables. The effectiveness of cohort studies depends upon a number of different factors, such as the length of time that the members are observed, and the ability to identify and capture relevant data for collection. For example, the information that is needed or wanted to identify attributes of potential members of a cohort may be voluminous, dynamically changing, unavailable, difficult to collect, and/or unknown to the members of the cohort and/or the user selecting members of the cohort. Moreover, it may be difficult, time consuming, or impractical to access all the information necessary to accurately generate cohorts. Thus, unique cohorts may be sub-optimal because individuals lack the skill, time, knowledge, and/or expertise needed to gather cohort attribute information from available sources.
SUMMARY
A processor-implemented method, system, and/or computer program product generate a recommendation to add a member to a receptivity cohort. A receptivity cohort is made up of members who share a conduct attribute, which is a facial expression, body language, and/or social interaction of a person. The conduct attribute has been predetermined to be an indicator of a level of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances. Biometric sensor data, which describe the facial expression, body language and/or social interaction for a candidate member, are retrieved from a set of biometric sensors. The retrieved biometric sensor data for the candidate member is compared to the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort. In response to the biometric sensor data for the candidate member matching the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort, a recommendation is generated to add the candidate member to the receptivity cohort.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of a network of data processing systems in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a data processing system in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a receptivity analysis system for generating receptivity cohorts in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a set of multimodal sensors in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a set of cohorts used to generate a receptivity score in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of description data for an individual in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a value assigned to a conduct attribute in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a process for generating a receptivity score in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present invention may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including, but not limited to, wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference to FIGS. 1-2, exemplary diagrams of data processing environments are provided in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1-2 are only exemplary and are not intended to assert or imply any limitation with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made.
FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of a network of data processing systems in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Network data processing system 100 is a network of computers in which the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Network data processing system 100 contains network 102, which is the medium used to provide communications links between various devices and computers connected together within network data processing system 100. Network 102 may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables.
In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 connect to network 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112, and 114 connect to network 102. Clients 110, 112, and 114 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, and applications to clients 110, 112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in this example. Network data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
Program code located in network data processing system 100 may be stored on a computer recordable storage medium and downloaded to a data processing system or other device for use. For example, program code may be stored on a computer recordable storage medium on server 104 and downloaded to client 110 over network 102 for use on client 110.
In the depicted example, network data processing system 100 is the Internet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, network data processing system 100 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN). FIG. 1 is intended as an example, and not as an architectural limitation for the different illustrative embodiments.
With reference now to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a data processing system is shown in which illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Data processing system 200 is an example of a computer, such as, without limitation, server 104 or client 110 in FIG. 1, in which computer usable program code or instructions implementing the processes may be located for the illustrative embodiments. In this illustrative example, data processing system 200 includes communications fabric 202, which provides communications between processor unit 204, memory 206, persistent storage 208, communications unit 210, input/output (I/O) unit 212, and display 214.
Processor unit 204 serves to execute instructions for software that may be loaded into memory 206. Processor unit 204 may be a set of one or more processors or may be a multi-processor core, depending on the particular implementation. Further, processor unit 204 may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which a main processor is present with secondary processors on a single chip. As another illustrative example, processor unit 204 may be a symmetric multi-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type.
Memory 206 and persistent storage 208 are examples of storage devices. A storage device is any piece of hardware that is capable of storing information either on a temporary basis and/or a permanent basis. Memory 206, in these examples, may be, for example, a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device. Persistent storage 208 may take various forms depending on the particular implementation. For example, persistent storage 208 may contain one or more components or devices. For example, persistent storage 208 may be a hard drive, a flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above. The media used by persistent storage 208 also may be removable. For example, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 208.
Communications unit 210, in these examples, provides for communications with other data processing systems or devices. In these examples, communications unit 210 is a network interface card. Communications unit 210 may provide communications through the use of either or both physical and wireless communications links.
Input/output unit 212 allows for input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to data processing system 200. For example, input/output unit 212 may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard and mouse. Further, input/output unit 212 may send output to a printer. Display 214 provides a mechanism to display information to a user.
Instructions for the operating system and applications or programs are located on persistent storage 208. These instructions may be loaded into memory 206 for execution by processor unit 204. The processes of the different embodiments may be performed by processor unit 204 using computer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such as memory 206. These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code that may be read and executed by a processor in processor unit 204. The program code in the different embodiments may be embodied on different physical or tangible computer readable media, such as memory 206 or persistent storage 208.
Program code 216 is located in a functional form on computer readable media 218 that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto or transferred to data processing system 200 for execution by processor unit 204. Program code 216 and computer readable media 218 form computer program product 220 in these examples. In one example, computer readable media 218 may be in a tangible form, such as, for example, an optical or magnetic disc that is inserted or placed into a drive or other device that is part of persistent storage 208 for transfer onto a storage device, such as a hard drive that is part of persistent storage 208. In a tangible form, computer readable media 218 also may take the form of a persistent storage, such as a hard drive, a thumb drive, or a flash memory that is connected to data processing system 200. The tangible form of computer readable media 218 is also referred to as computer recordable storage media. In some instances, computer recordable media 218 may not be removable.
Alternatively, program code 216 may be transferred to data processing system 200 from computer readable media 218 through a communications link to communications unit 210 and/or through a connection to input/output unit 212. The communications link and/or the connection may be physical or wireless in the illustrative examples. The computer readable media also may take the form of non-tangible media, such as communications links or wireless transmissions containing the program code.
In some illustrative embodiments, program code 216 may be downloaded over a network to persistent storage 208 from another device or data processing system for use within data processing system 200. For instance, program code stored in a computer readable storage medium in a server data processing system may be downloaded over a network from the server to data processing system 200. The data processing system providing program code 216 may be a server computer, a client computer, or some other device capable of storing and transmitting program code 216.
The different components illustrated for data processing system 200 are not meant to provide architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrative embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system including components in addition to or in place of those illustrated for data processing system 200. Other components shown in FIG. 2 can be varied from the illustrative examples shown.
As one example, a storage device in data processing system 200 is any hardware apparatus that may store data. Memory 206, persistent storage 208, and computer readable media 218 are examples of storage devices in a tangible form.
In another example, a bus system may be used to implement communications fabric 202 and may be comprised of one or more buses, such as a system bus or input/output bus. Of course, the bus system may be implemented using any suitable type of architecture that provides for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the bus system. Additionally, a communications unit may include one or more devices used to transmit and receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter. A memory may be, for example, memory 206 or a cache such as found in an interface and memory controller hub that may be present in communications fabric 202.
The illustrative embodiments recognize that the ability to quickly and accurately perform an assessment of a person's conduct to identify the person's receptiveness to a proposed future change, job offer, offer to sell a product, offer to purchase a product, or other events that require a person cooperation or agreement in different situations and circumstances may be valuable to business planning, hiring workers, health, safety, marketing, mergers, transportation, retail, and various other industries. Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer program product for analyzing sensory input data and cohort data associated with a set of individuals to generate receptivity cohorts is provided.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, digital sensor data associated with a set of individuals is retrieved in response to receiving an identification of a proposed future change in a current set of circumstances associated with the set of individuals. As used herein, the term “set” refers to one or more. Thus, the set of individuals may be a single individual, as well as two or more individuals.
The digital sensor data comprises events metadata describing a set of events associated with the set of individuals. The set of events comprises at least one of body language, facial expressions, vocalizations, and social interactions of the set of individuals. As used herein, the term “at least one of”, when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the items may be used and only one of each item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may include, for example, without limitation, item A alone, item B alone, item C alone, a combination of item A and item B, a combination of item B and item C, a combination of item A and item C, or a combination that includes item A, item B, and item C.
An analysis server selects a set of receptivity analysis models based on the proposed future event and the set of events. Each analysis model in the set of receptivity analysis models analyzes the set of events to identify a set of conduct attributes indicating receptiveness of each individual in the set of individuals to the proposed future change. The events metadata describing the set of events is analyzed in the selected set of receptivity analysis models to form a receptivity cohort. The receptivity cohort comprises a set of conduct attributes indicating receptiveness of each individual in the set of individuals to the proposed future change.
A cohort is a group of people or objects. Members of a cohort share a common attribute or experience in common. A cohort may be a member of a larger cohort. Likewise, a cohort may include members that are themselves cohorts, also referred to as sub-cohorts. In other words, a first cohort may include a group of members that forms a sub-cohort. That sub-cohort may also include a group of members that forms a sub-sub-cohort of the first cohort, and so on. A cohort may be a null set with no members, a set with a single member, as well as a set of members with two or more members.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer program product for generating receptivity scores for cohorts is provided. A receptivity cohort is identified. The receptivity cohort includes a set of members and conduct attributes for the set of members. Each conduct attribute in the set of conduct attributes describes at least one of a facial expression, vocalization, body language, and social interactions of a member in the set of members. Each conduct attribute is an indicator of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances associated with the set of members. Events metadata is received. The events metadata describes the set of circumstances associated with the set of members. The set of conduct attributes and the events metadata is analyzed to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort. The receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of the set of members to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances. The set of members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change based on the result of a comparison of the receptivity score to a threshold score.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a receptivity analysis system for generating receptivity cohorts in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Analysis server 300 is a server for analyzing sensor input associated with one or more individuals. Analysis server 300 may be implemented, without limitation, on a software server located on a hardware computing device, such as, but not limited to, a main frame, a server, a personal computer, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA), or any other computing device depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2.
Analysis server 300 receives an identification of a proposed future change 301 in a current set of circumstances associated with a set of individuals. The proposed future change 301 is an event or action that has not yet occurred but may occur in the future. Proposed future change 301 may require the agreement or cooperation of at least one individual in set of individuals if the change is going to occur. For example, proposed future change 301 may be, without limitation, a job offer that requires the worker to move to another city, another state, or a different country. In another non-limiting example, proposed future change 301 may be an offer to buy the individual's house. If the individual accepts the offer, the individual agrees to move out and change residences. In yet another example, proposed future change 301 may be a marketing offer proposing the purchase of goods or services at a particular prices. Proposed future change 301 may offer to sell a customer a larger size box of laundry detergent for a discount price if the customer chooses to buy the larger size over the smaller size of the same brand of laundry detergent.
Proposed future change 301 may also include, without limitation, a proposed future change in work location requiring that a worker commute across a greater distance, a proposed offer to sell goods or services to a customer at a given price, an offer to purchase goods or services from a person, a proposed request that a person leave a particular location, or a request that a person stop performing a given action.
In response to receiving proposed future change 301, analysis server 300 retrieves multimodal sensor data 302 for the set of individuals from a set of multimodal sensors. A multimodal sensor may be a camera, an audio device, a biometric sensor, a chemical sensor, or a sensor and actuator, such as set of multimodal sensors 400 in FIG. 4 below. Multimodal sensor data 302 is data that describes the set of individuals. In other words, multimodal sensors record readings for the set of individuals using a variety of sensor devices to form multimodal sensor data 302. For example, multimodal sensor data that is generated by a camera includes images of at least one individual in the set of individuals. Multimodal sensor data that is generated by a microphone includes audio data of sounds made by at least one individual in the set of individuals. Thus, multimodal sensor data 302 may include, without limitation, sensor input in the form of audio data, images from a camera, biometric data, signals from sensors and actuators, and/or olfactory patterns from an artificial nose or other chemical sensor.
Sensor analysis engine 304 is software architecture for analyzing multimodal sensor data 302 to generate digital sensor data 306. Analog to digital conversion 308 is a software component that converts any multimodal sensor data that is in an analog format into a digital format. Analog to digital conversion 308 may be implemented using any known or available analog to digital converter (ADC). Sensor analysis engine 304 processes and parses the sensor data in the digital format to identify attributes of the set of individuals. Metadata generator 310 is a software component for generating metadata describing the identified attributes of the set of individuals.
Sensor analysis engine 304 may include a variety of software tools for processing and analyzing the different types of sensor data in multimodal sensor data 302. Sensor analysis engine 304 may include, without limitation, olfactory analytics for analyzing olfactory sensory data received from chemical sensors, video analytics for analyzing images received from cameras, audio analytics for analyzing audio data received from audio sensors, biometric data analytics for analyzing biometric sensor data from biometric sensors, and sensor and actuator signal analytics for analyzing sensor input data from sensors and actuators.
Sensor analysis engine 304 may be implemented using a variety of digital sensor analysis technologies, such as, without limitation, video image analysis technology, facial recognition technology, license plate recognition technology, and sound analysis technology. In one embodiment, sensor analysis engine 304 is implemented using, without limitation, IBM® smart surveillance system (S3) software.
Sensor analysis engine 304 utilizes computer vision and pattern recognition technologies, as well as video analytics to analyze video images captured by one or more situated cameras, microphones, or other multimodal sensors. The analysis of multimodal sensor data 302 generates events metadata 312 describing set of events 320 of interest in the environment. Set of events 320 is events performed by the set of individuals or occurring in proximity to the set of individuals. Set of events 320 includes the conduct of set of individuals and the circumstances surrounding the set of individuals when the conduct occurs.
Sensor analysis engine 304 includes video analytics software for analyzing video images and audio files generated by the multimodal sensors. The video analytics may include, without limitation, behavior analysis, license plate recognition technology, face recognition technology, badge reader, and radar analytics technology. Behavior analysis technology tracks moving objects and classifies the objects into a number of predefined categories by analyzing metadata describing images captured by the cameras. As used herein, an object may be a human, an object, a container, a cart, a bicycle, a motorcycle, a car, a location, or an animal, such as, without limitation, a dog. License plate recognition technology may be utilized to analyze images captured by cameras deployed at the entrance to a facility, in a parking lot, on the side of a roadway or freeway, or at an intersection. License plate recognition technology catalogs a license plate of each vehicle moving within a range of two or more video cameras associated with sensor analysis engine 304. For example, license plate recognition technology may be utilized to identify a license plate number on license plate.
Face recognition technology is software for identifying a human based on an analysis of one or more images of the human's face. Face recognition technology may be utilized to analyze images of objects captured by cameras deployed at entryways, or any other location, to capture and recognize faces. Badge reader technology may be employed to read badges. The information associated with an object obtained from the badges is used in addition to video data associated with the object to identify an object and/or a direction, velocity, and/or acceleration of the object.
The data gathered from behavior analysis, license plate recognition technology, facial recognition technology, badge reader, radar analytics, and any other video/audio data received from a camera or other video/audio capture device is received by sensor analysis engine 304 for processing into events metadata 312 describing events, identification attributes 314 of one or more objects in a given area, and/or circumstances associated with the set of individuals. The events from all these technologies are cross indexed into a common repository or a multi-mode event database allowing for correlation across multiple audio/video capture devices and event types. In such a repository, a simple time range query across the modalities will extract license plate information, vehicle appearance information, badge information, object location information, object position information, vehicle make, model, year and/or paint, and face appearance information. This permits sensor analysis engine 304 to easily correlate these attributes.
Digital sensor data 306 comprises events metadata 312 describing set of events 320 associated with an individual in the set of individuals. An event is an action or event that is performed by the individual or in proximity to the individual. An event may be the individual making a sound, walking, eating, making a facial expression, a change in the individual's posture, spoken words, the individual throwing an object, talking to someone, carrying a toddler, holding hands with someone, picking up an object, standing still, or any other movement, conduct, or event.
Digital sensor data 306 may also optionally include identification attributes 314. An attribute is a characteristic, feature, or property of an object. An identification attribute is an attribute that may be used to identify a person. In a non-limiting example, identification attribute may include a person's name, address, eye color, age, voice pattern, color of their jacket, size of their shoes, retinal pattern, iris pattern, fingerprint, thumbprint, palm print, facial recognition data, badge reader data, smart card data, scent recognition data, license plate number, and so forth. Attributes of a thing may include the name of the thing, the value of the thing, whether the thing is moving or stationary, the size, height, volume, weight, color, or location of the thing, and any other property or characteristic of the thing.
Cohort generation engine 316 receives digital sensor data 306 from sensor analysis engine 304. Cohort generation engine 316 may request digital sensor data 306 from sensor analysis engine 304 or retrieve digital sensor data 306 from data storage device 318. In another embodiment, sensor analysis engine 304 automatically sends digital sensor data 306 to cohort generation engine 316 in real time as digital sensor data 306 is generated. In yet another embodiment, sensor analysis engine 304 sends digital sensor data 306 to cohort generation engine 316 upon the occurrence of a predetermined event. A predetermined event may be, but is not limited to, a given time, completion of processing multimodal sensor data 302, occurrence of a timeout event, a user request for generation of set of cohorts based on digital sensor data 306, or any other predetermined event. The illustrative embodiments may utilize digital sensor data 306 in real time as digital sensor data 306 is generated. The illustrative embodiments may also utilize digital sensor data 306 that is pre-generated or stored in data storage device 318 until the digital sensor data is retrieved at some later time.
Data storage device 318 may be a local data storage located on the same computing device as cohort generation engine 316. In another embodiment, data storage device 318 is located on a remote data storage device that is accessed through a network connection. In yet another embodiment, data storage device 318 may be implemented using two or more data storage devices that may be either local or remote data storage devices.
Cohort generation engine 316 retrieves any of description data 322 for the set of individuals that is available. Description data 322 may include identification information identifying the individual, past history information for the individual, and/or current status information for the individual. Information identifying the individual may be a person's name, address, age, birth date, social security number, worker identification number, or any other identification information. Past history information is any information describing past events associated with the individual. Past history information may include medical history, work history/employment history, previous purchases, discounts and sale items purchased, customer reward memberships and utilization of rewards, social security records, judicial record, consumer history, educational history, previous residences, prior owned property, repair history of property owned by the individual, or any other past history information. For example, education history may include, without limitation, schools attended, degrees obtained, grades earned, and so forth. Medical history may include previous medical conditions, previous medications prescribed to the individual, previous physicians that treated the individual, medical procedures/surgeries performed on the individual, and any other past medical information.
Current status information is any information describing a current status of the individual. Current status information may include, for example and without limitation, scheduled events, an identification of items in a customer's shopping cart, current medical condition, current prescribed medications, a customer's current credit score, current status of the individual's driver's license, such as whether a license is valid or suspended, current residence, marital status, and any other current status information.
Cohort generation engine 316 optionally retrieves demographic information 324 from data storage device 318. Demographic information 324 describes demographic data for the individual's demographic group. Demographic information 324 may be obtained from any source that compiles and distributes demographic information. For example, if the set of individuals includes a single mother of two offspring, that has a bachelor's degree, and lives in Boulder, Colo., and demographic data for other single, educated, parents that have been presented with similar proposed future changes may be useful in determining whether this single parent will be receptive to similar proposed future changes.
In another embodiment, cohort generation engine 316 receives manual input 326 that provides manual input describing the individual and/or manual input defining the analysis of events metadata 312 and/or identification attributes 314 for the set of individuals.
In another embodiment, if description data 322 and/or demographic information 324 is not available, data mining and query search 329 searches set of sources 331 to identify additional description data for the individual and demographic information for each individual's demographic group. Set of sources 331 may include online sources, as well as offline sources. Online sources may be, without limitation, web pages, blogs, wikis, newsgroups, social networking sites, forums, online databases, and any other information available on the Internet. Off-line sources may include, without limitation, relational databases, data storage devices, or any other off-line source of information.
Cohort generation engine 316 selects a set of receptivity analysis models for use in processing set of events 320, identification attributes 314, description data 322, demographic data 324, and/or manual input 326. Cohort generation engine 316 selects the receptivity analysis models based on proposed future change 301, the type of events metadata, the events in set of events 320, available demographic information 324, and the available description data to form set of receptivity analysis models 325. In this example, set of receptivity analysis models 325 may include, without limitation, deportment analysis model 326, comportment analysis model 328, social interactions analysis model 330, and marketing analysis 332.
Deportment refers to the way a person behaves toward other people, demeanor, conduct, behavior, manners, social deportment, citizenship, swashbuckling, correctitude, properness, propriety, improperness, impropriety, and manner. Swashbuckling refers to flamboyant, reckless, or boastful behavior. Deportment analysis model 326 analyzes set of events 320 to identify conduct attributes 334. A conduct attribute describes a facial expression, a person's vocalization, body language, social interactions, and any other motions or movements of an individual that is determined to be an indicator of receptiveness of the individual. A conduct attribute may be used to identify an emotional state, demeanor, conduct, manner, social deportment, propriety, impropriety, and flamboyant actions of the set of individuals. An emotional state of an individual comprises at least one of fear, joy, happiness, anger, jealousy, embarrassment, depression, and an unemotional state, such as when a person is calm or the person's face is expressionless.
Deportment analysis model 326 may utilize facial expression analytics to analyze images of an individual's face and generates conduct attributes 334 describing the individual's emotional state based on their expressions. For example, if a person is frowning and their brow is furrowed, deportment analysis models 326 may infer that the person is angry or annoyed. If the person is pressing their lips together and shuffling their feet, the person may be feeling uncertain or pensive. These emotions are identified in conduct attributes 334. Deportment analysis model 326 analyzes body language that is visible in images of a person's body motions and movements, as well as other attributes indicating movements of the person's feet, hands, posture, feet, legs, and arms to identify conduct attributes describing the person's manner, attitude, and conduct. For example, and without limitation, someone feeling defensive may cross their arms and lean away from others. Someone that is engaged and interested may lean towards a speaker. Deportment analysis model 326 utilizes vocalization analytics to analyze set of events 320 and identification attributes 314 to identify sounds made by the individual and words spoken by the individual. Vocalizations may include, words spoken, volume of sounds, and non-verbal sounds.
Comportment analysis model 328 analyzes set of events 320 to identify conduct attributes 334 indicating an overall level of refinement in movements and overall smooth conduct and successful completion of tasks without hesitancy, accident, or mistakes. The term comportment refers to how refined or unrefined the person's overall manner appears. Comportment analysis model 328 attempts to determine whether the persons overall behavior is refined, smooth, confident, rough, uncertain, hesitant, unrefined, or how well the person is able to complete tasks.
The term social interactions refers to social manner and the manner in which the person interacts with other people and with animals. Social interactions analysis model 330 analyzes set of events 320 described in events metadata to identify conduct attributes indicating types social interactions engaged in by the individual and a level of appropriateness of the social interactions. The type of social interactions comprises identifying interactions of an individual as the interactions typical of a leader, a follower, a loner, an introvert, an extrovert, a charismatic person, an emotional person, a calm person, a person acting spontaneously, or a person acting according to a plan.
Marketing analysis models 332 analyzes set of events 320 to identify conduct attributes 334 that are precursors to a purchase of an item or indicators of interest in purchasing an item. For example, conduct attributes 334 that may indicate a purchase of an item may include, without limitation, selecting one item that is frequently purchased in tandem with another item. For example, if a customer selects a box of cereal, this conduct is an indicator that the customer may be receptive to purchasing milk as well. An indicator of interest in purchasing an item may be conduct suggesting that the customer is looking at a particular type of item. For example, if a customer is browsing a magazine rack, the conduct of browsing through reading material is an indicator that the customer may be receptive to purchasing magazines, books, or other reading material. If the customer is looking at books about barbeque, the customer's conduct indicates receptiveness to purchasing barbeque related items, such as barbeque sauce, grills, and other products associated with barbeque cooking.
Cohort generation engine 316 selects analysis models for set of receptivity analysis models 325 based on proposed future change 301, the type of events in set of events 320, and the type of description data available. For example, if proposed future change 301 is an offer of assistance carrying baggage to be given to a traveler and set of events 320 and identification attributes 314 includes video data of the individual's face and facial expressions, body movements, posture, arm movements, hand gestures and finger motions, foot movements, or other body motions, cohort generation engine 316 may select deportment analysis model 326 to analyze set of events 320 to determine if the traveler will be receptive to assistance.
In another non-limiting example, if proposed future change 301 is an offer of a discount if a particular product is purchased by a customer and set of events 320 includes radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader identification the current contents of a customer's shopping cart and video images of the products on the shelf that the customer is looking at and considering purchasing, cohort generation engine 316 may select marketing analysis model 332 to process set of events 320.
Cohort generation engine 316 analyzes events metadata 312 describing set of events 320 and identification attributes 314 with any demographic information 324, description data 322, and/or user input 326 in the selected set of receptivity analysis models 325 to form receptivity cohort 336. Receptivity cohort 336 includes a set of members and conduct attributes 334/=In another embodiment, cohort generation engine 316 optionally compares conduct attributes 334 identified by set of receptivity analysis models 325 to patterns of conduct 338 to identify additional members of receptivity cohort 336. Patterns of conduct 338 are known patterns of conduct that indicate a particular demeanor, attitude, emotional state, or manner of a person. Each different type of conduct by an individual in different environments results in different sensor data patterns and different attributes. When a match is found between known patterns of conduct 338 and some of conduct attributes 334, the matching pattern may be used to identify attributes and conduct of the individual. Likewise, cohort generation engine 316 may compare conduct attributes 334 identified by set of receptivity analysis models 325 with purchasing patterns 339 to determine whether an individual is likely to be receptive to a marketing message, a sale, an offer to purchase, an offer to sell, a coupon or discount, or other marketing and retail efforts.
In another embodiment, cohort generation engine 316 optionally compares conduct attributes 334 identified by set of receptivity analysis models 325 to patterns of conduct 338 to identify additional members of receptivity cohort 336. Patterns of conduct 338 are known patterns of conduct that indicate a particular demeanor, attitude, emotional state, or manner of a person. Each different type of conduct by an individual in different environments results in different sensor data patterns and different attributes. When a match is found between known patterns of conduct 338 and some of conduct attributes 334, the matching pattern may be used to identify attributes and conduct of the individual. Likewise, cohort generation engine 316 may compare conduct attributes 334 identified by set of receptivity analysis models 325 with purchasing patterns 339 to determine whether an individual is likely to be receptive to a marketing message, a sale, an offer to purchase, an offer to sell, a coupon or discount, or other marketing and retail efforts.
In yet another embodiment, cohort generation engine 316 also retrieves set of cohorts 340. Set of cohorts 340 is a set of one or more cohorts associated with the individual. Set of cohorts 340 may include an audio cohort, a video cohort, a biometric cohort, a furtive glance cohort, a sensor and actuator cohort, specific risk cohort, a general risk cohort, a predilection cohort, and/or an olfactory cohort. Cohort generation engine 316 optionally analyzes cohort data and attributes of cohorts in set of cohorts 340 with set of events 320, description data 322, and identification attributes 314 in set of receptivity analysis models 325 to generate receptivity cohort 336.
In response to new digital sensor data being generated by sensor analysis engine 304, cohort generation engine 316 analyzes the new digital sensor data in set of receptivity analysis models 325 to generate an updated set of events and an updated receptivity cohort.
Analysis server 300 analyzes conduct attributes 334 for receptivity cohort 336 with any available events metadata 312, any available description data 322 and any available demographic information for the members of receptivity cohort 334 to generate receptivity score 324. In other words, analysis server 300 may generate receptivity score 342 by analyzing only conduct attributes 334. However, if events metadata 312, demographic information 324 or description data 322 is available, analysis server 300 may optionally analyze conduct attributes 334 with events metadata 312, with description data 322 and/or with demographic information 324.
Receptivity score 342 indicates a level of receptiveness of each member of receptivity cohort 336 to proposed future change 301. In one embodiment, analysis server 300 generates a receptivity score for each individual member of receptivity cohort 336. In this example, the receptivity score for each member indicates that member's level of receptiveness to proposed future change 301. In another embodiment, analysis server 300 generates an overall receptivity score for all the members in receptivity cohort 336. In this example, the overall receptivity score indicates the level of receptiveness of all members of receptivity cohort 336.
Analysis server 300 compares receptivity score 342 with threshold score 344 to determine whether the members of receptivity cohort 336 will be receptive to proposed future change 301. In one embodiment, threshold score 344 is an upper threshold. Analysis server 300 identifies the set of members of receptivity cohort 336 as receptive to proposed future change 301 in response to a determination that receptivity score 342 exceeds the upper threshold. In another embodiment, threshold score 344 is a lower threshold. In this embodiment, analysis server 300 identifies the set of members of receptivity cohort 336 as receptive to proposed future change 301 in response to a determination that receptivity score 342 falls below the lower threshold.
In one embodiment, if analysis server 300 identifies receptivity cohort 336 as receptive to proposed future change 301, analysis server 300 provides output to a user indicating that the members of receptivity cohort 336 are receptive and/or outputs receptivity score 342 indicating the level of receptiveness of the members to proposed future change 301. In another non-limiting example, if analysis server 300 identifies receptivity cohort 336 as receptive to proposed future change 301, analysis server 300 presents the proposed future change to the set of members of receptivity cohort 336. Proposed future change 301 may be presented visually on a video display device, presented in an audio format using a speaker or other sound producing device, presented in a hard copy form, such as on a paper print out, or via any other means of presenting output to a user.
In yet another embodiment, if analysis server 300 identifies receptivity cohort 336 as unreceptive to proposed future change 301, analysis server 300 provides output to a user indicating that the members of receptivity cohort 336 are unreceptive and/or outputs receptivity score 342 indicating the level of un-receptiveness of the members to proposed future change 301. In another non-limiting example, if analysis server 300 identifies receptivity cohort 336 as unreceptive to proposed future change 301, analysis server 300 refrains from presenting the proposed future change to the set of members of receptivity cohort 336.
Analysis server 300 continues to analyze new conduct attributes 334 for receptivity cohort 336 and generates updated receptivity scores for receptivity cohort 336 as conduct attributes 334 changes and as new conduct attributes are received. In this manner, analysis server 300 can generate a series of receptivity scores over a given period of time and alert a user or take an action when the receptivity score indicates that a member of receptivity cohort 336 is sufficiently receptive. In such a case, proposed future change 301 may be presented to one or more members of receptivity cohort 334 at a later time or in a different location when receptivity score 342 indicates that the member(s) are more receptive to proposed future change 301.
In another embodiment, analysis server 300 may retrieve granular demographic information for the set of members of receptivity cohort 336. In this example, analysis server 300 processes the granular demographic information with events metadata 312 and conduct attributes 334 to generate a weighted receptivity score for each member of receptivity cohort 336. The weighted receptivity score indicates a normalized level of receptivity of the each member to proposed future change 301.
In still another embodiment, analysis server 300 assigns a value to each conduct attribute in the set of conduct attributes. Analysis server 300 then aggregates the value of each conduct attribute associated with each member of receptivity cohort 336 to generate receptivity score 342. Receptivity score 342 in this non-limiting example is an aggregation of the values for the set of members.
In yet another embodiment, analysis server 300 generates receptivity score 342 by comparing conduct attributes 334 with known patterns of conduct 338 that are expected to be observed in a person that is receptive to a proposed future change. In this example, each known pattern in patterns of conduct 338 is assigned a receptivity value. The values for known patterns that match conduct attributes 334 are weighted and aggregated to generate receptivity score 342.
Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram of a set of multimodal sensors is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Set of multimodal sensors 400 is a set of sensors that gather sensor data associated with a set of individuals. In this non-limiting example, set of multimodal sensors 400 includes set of audio sensors 402, set of cameras 404, set of biometric sensors 406, set of sensors and actuators 408, set of chemical sensors 410, and any other types of devices for gathering data associated with a set of objects and transmitting that data to an analysis engine, such as sensor analysis engine 304. Set of multimodal sensors 400 detect, capture, and/or record multimodal sensor data 412.
Set of audio sensors 402 is a set of audio input devices that detect, capture, and/or record vibrations, such as, without limitation, pressure waves, and sound waves. Vibrations may be detected as the vibrations are transmitted through any medium, such as, a solid object, a liquid, a semisolid, or a gas, such as the air or atmosphere. Set of audio sensors 402 may include only a single audio input device, as well as two or more audio input devices. An audio sensor in set of audio sensors 402 may be implemented as any type of device that can detect vibrations transmitted through a medium, such as, without limitation, a microphone, a sonar device, an acoustic identification system, or any other device capable of detecting vibrations transmitted through a medium.
Set of cameras 404 may be implemented as any type of known or available camera(s). A cameral may be, without limitation, a video camera for generating moving video images, a digital camera capable of taking still pictures and/or a continuous video stream, a stereo camera, a web camera, and/or any other imaging device capable of capturing a view of whatever appears within the camera's range for remote monitoring, viewing, or recording of an object or area. Various lenses, filters, and other optical devices such as zoom lenses, wide-angle lenses, mirrors, prisms, and the like, may also be used with set of cameras 404 to assist in capturing the desired view. A camera may be fixed in a particular orientation and configuration, or it may, along with any optical devices, be programmable in orientation, light sensitivity level, focus or other parameters.
Set of cameras 404 may be implemented as a stationary camera and/or non-stationary camera. A stationary camera is in a fixed location. A non-stationary camera may be capable of moving from one location to another location. Stationary and non-stationary cameras may be capable of tilting up, down, left, and right, panning, and/or rotating about an axis of rotation to follow or track an object in motion or keep the object, within a viewing range of the camera lens. The image and/or audio data in multimodal sensor data 412 that is generated by set of cameras 404 may be a sound file, a media file, a moving video file, a still picture, a set of still pictures, or any other form of image data and/or audio data. Video and/or audio data 404 may include, for example and without limitation, images of a person's face, an image of a part or portion of a customer's car, an image of a license plate on a car, and/or one or more images showing a person's behavior. In a non-limiting example, an image showing a customer's behavior or appearance may show a customer wearing a long coat on a hot day, a customer walking with two toddlers, a customer moving in a hurried or leisurely manner, or any other type behavior of one or more objects.
Set of biometric sensors 406 is a set of one or more devices for gathering biometric data associated with a human or an animal. Biometric data is data describing a physiological state, physical attribute, or measurement of a physiological condition. Biometric data may include, without limitation, fingerprints, thumbprints, palm prints, footprints, hear rate, retinal patterns, iris patterns, pupil dilation, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, blood sugar levels, and any other physiological data. Set of biometric sensors 406 may include, without limitation, fingerprint scanners, palm scanners, thumb print scanners, retinal scanners, iris scanners, wireless blood pressure monitor, heart monitor, thermometer or other body temperature measurement device, blood sugar monitor, microphone capable of detecting heart beats and/or breath sounds, a breathalyzer, or any other type of biometric device.
Set of sensors and actuators 408 is a set of devices for detecting and receiving signals from devices transmitting signals associated with the set of objects. Set of sensors and actuators 408 may include, without limitation, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag readers, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, identification code readers, network devices, and proximity card readers. A network device is a wireless transmission device that may include a wireless personal area network (PAN), a wireless network connection, a radio transmitter, a cellular telephone, Wi-Fi technology, Bluetooth technology, or any other wired or wireless device for transmitting and receiving data. An identification code reader may be, without limitation, a bar code reader, a dot code reader, a universal product code (UPC) reader, an optical character recognition (OCR) text reader, or any other type of identification code reader. A GPS receiver may be located in an object, such as a car, a portable navigation system, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, or any other type of object.
Set of chemical sensors 410 may be implemented as any type of known or available device that can detect airborne chemicals and/or airborne odor causing elements, molecules, gases, compounds, and/or combinations of molecules, elements, gases, and/or compounds in an air sample, such as, without limitation, an airborne chemical sensor, a gas detector, and/or an electronic nose. In one embodiment, set of chemical sensors 410 is implemented as an array of electronic olfactory sensors and a pattern recognition system that detects and recognizes odors and identifies olfactory patterns associated with different odor causing particles. The array of electronic olfactory sensors may include, without limitation, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), conducting polymers (CP), quartz crystal microbalance, surface acoustic wave (SAW), and field effect transistors (MOSFET). The particles detected by set of chemical sensors may include, without limitation, atoms, molecules, elements, gases, compounds, or any type of airborne odor causing matter. Set of chemical sensors 410 detects the particles in the air sample and generates olfactory pattern data in multimodal sensor data 412.
Multimodal sensor data 412 may be in an analog format, in a digital format, or some of the multimodal sensor data may be in analog format while other multimodal sensor data may be in digital format.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a set of cohorts used to generate a receptivity score in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Set of cohorts 500 is a set of one or more cohorts associated with a set of individuals, such as set of cohorts 340. Set of cohorts 500 may be used to generate a receptivity cohort. The attributes in set of cohorts 500 may also be analyzed with conduct attributes for the receptivity cohort to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort.
General risk cohort 502 is a cohort having members that are general or generic rather than specific. Each member of general risk cohort 502 comprises data describing objects belonging to a category. A category refers to a class, group, category, or kind A member of a general cohort is a category or sub-cohort including general or average and the risks associated with those members. Specific risk cohort 504 is a cohort having members that are specific, identifiable individuals and the risks associated with the members of the cohort. Furtive glance cohort 506 is a cohort comprising attributes describing eye movements by members of the cohort. The furtive glance attributes describe eye movements, such as, but without limitation, furtive, rapidly shifting eye movements, rapid blinking, fixed stare, failure to blink, rate of blinking, length of a fixed stare, pupil dilations, or other eye movements.
A predilection is the tendency or inclination to take an action or refrain from taking an action. Predilection cohort 508 comprises attributes indicating whether an identified person will engage in or perform a particular action given a particular set of circumstances. Audio cohort 510 is a cohort comprising a set of members associated with attributes identifying a sound, a type of sound, a source or origin of a sound, identifying an object generating a sound, identifying a combination of sounds, identifying a combination of objects generating a sound or a combination of sounds, a volume of a sound, and sound wave properties.
Olfactory cohort 512 is a cohort comprising a set of members associated with attributes a chemical composition of gases and/or compounds in the air sample, a rate of change of the chemical composition of the air sample over time, an origin of gases in the air sample, an identification of gases in the air sample, an identification of odor causing compounds in the air sample, an identification of elements or constituent gases in the air sample, an identification of chemical properties and/or chemical reactivity of elements and/or compounds in the air sample, or any other attributes of particles into the air sample.
Biometric cohort 514 is a set of members that share at least one biometric attribute in common. A biometric attribute is an attribute describing a physiologic change or physiologic attribute of a person, such as, without limitation, heart rate, blood pressure, finger print, thumb print, palm print, retinal pattern, iris pattern, blood type, respiratory rate, blood sugar level, body temperature, or any other biometric data.
Video cohort 516 is a cohort having a set of members associated with video attributes. Video attributes may include, without limitation, a description of a person's face, color of an object, texture of a surface of an object, size, height, weight, volume, shape, length, width, or any other visible features of the cohort member.
Sensor and actuator cohort 518 includes a set of members associated with attributes describing signals received from sensors or actuators. An actuator is a device for moving or controlling a mechanism. A sensor is a device that gathers information describing a condition, such as, without limitation, temperature, pressure, speed, position, and/or other data. A sensor and/or actuator may include, without limitation, a bar code reader, an electronic product code reader, a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, oxygen sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, also referred to as a global navigation satellite system receiver, Bluetooth, wireless blood pressure monitor, personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, or any other type of sensor or actuator.
Comportment and deportment cohort 522 is a cohort having members associated with attributes identifying a demeanor and manner of the members, social manner, social interactions, and interpersonal conduct of people towards other people and towards animals. Deportment and Comportment cohort 522 may include attributes identifying the way a person behaves toward other people, demeanor, conduct, behavior, manners, social deportment, citizenship, swashbuckling, correctitude, properness, propriety, improperness, impropriety, and personal manner. Swashbuckling refers to flamboyant, reckless, or boastful behavior. Deportment and Comportment cohort 522 may include attributes identifying how refined or unrefined the person's overall manner appears.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of description data for an individual in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Description data 600 is data comprising identification data, past history information, and current status information for an individual, such as description data 322 in FIG. 3. In this example, description data include the individual name, driving history, medical history, educational history, and purchase history. For example, and without limitation, purchase history may include brand name products that have been purchased by an individual, the sizes of various products that are typically purchased, the stores where the individual shops, the quantities that have been purchased, discounts and coupons that have been used, and other customer purchase and shopping history information. Current status information is any current information, such as currently scheduled trips, such as a booked flight to Paris, current status of a driver's license, current residence, current income, current credit score, current status on loan payments or credit card payments, and other current status information. The embodiments are not limited to this description data or this type of description data. The embodiments may be implemented with any type of pre-generated information describing events associated with the individual's current status and/or past history.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a block diagram of a value assigned to a conduct attribute in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In one non-limiting example, an analysis server, such as analysis server 300 in FIG. 3, generates a receptivity score for a cohort by assigning a value to each conduct attribute from the set of conduct attributes. Conduct attribute 700 is an attribute describing a facial expression, body language, vocalization, social interaction, or other movement or motion by an individual. Conduct attribute 700 is an indicator of the receptiveness of the individual. The analysis server checks a look-up table or other database to identify scoring value 702 for each conduct attribute. The analysis server then aggregates the values for each conduct attribute to generate the receptivity score. In this example, but without limitation, the values assigned to each conduct attribute are assigned from a data structure storing at least one of conduct attribute values and weighting factors 704.
A weighting factor is a factor or circumstance that results in giving a particular conduct greater weight or lesser weight due to that circumstance. For example, if an adult is yelling or speaking in a raised voice, that conduct is a conduct attribute that indicates receptivity of the person speaking. Yelling may indicate that a person is angry, distracted, upset or violent. If an adult is yelling at a companion to get out of the street because a car is coming, the weighting may be lower than if a customer is yelling at a clerk in a bank. The circumstance in which the conduct occur influence the weighting. Thus, conduct attribute values may also be weighted based on an identification of the actor, the location of the actor, behavior that is typical for the actor's demographic group under similar circumstances, and the actor's own past behavior.
Turning now to FIG. 8, a flowchart of a process for generating a receptivity score is shown in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The process in FIG. 8 may be implemented by software for generating a receptivity score for a cohort, such as analysis server 300 in FIG. 3. The process begins by identifying a receptivity cohort that includes a set of members and a set of conduct attributes (step 802). Conduct attributes describe facial expressions, body language, vocalizations, social interactions, and/or any other body movements that are indicators of receptiveness. The process makes a determination as to whether description data is available (step 804). If description data is available, the process retrieves the description data for the set of members (step 806). The process analyzes the set of conduct attributes and events metadata with any available description data to generate a receptivity score (step 808). The receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of the set of members to a proposed future change in circumstances associated with at least one member in the set of members. The process makes a determination as to whether the receptivity score exceeds an upper threshold or falls below a lower threshold (step 810). If the receptivity score does exceed an upper threshold or falls below a lower threshold, the process identifies the set of member of the receptivity cohort as receptive to the proposed future change (step 812) with the process terminating thereafter.
Returning to step 810, if the receptivity score does not exceed the upper threshold or fall the lower threshold, the process identifies the set of members of the receptivity cohort as unreceptive to the proposed future change (step 814) with the process terminating thereafter.
In this embodiment, the threshold is both an upper threshold and a lower threshold. In another embodiment, only a lower threshold is used for comparison with the receptivity score. In another example, only an upper threshold is used for comparison with the receptivity score. In yet another non-limiting example, a series of thresholds is used for comparison with the receptivity score. For example, the initial receptivity score may be compared to a first threshold. In response to receiving new events metadata and/or new conduct attributes, a second receptivity score may be generated. The second receptivity score may then be compared to a second threshold. In response to new events metadata and/or new conduct attributes, a third receptivity score may be generated that is compared to a third threshold, and so forth iteratively for as long as new input data is available. As shown here, each threshold may be only an upper threshold, only a lower threshold, or both an upper threshold and a lower threshold.
Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer program product for generating receptivity scores for cohorts is provided. A receptivity cohort is identified. The receptivity cohort includes a set of members and conduct attributes for the set of members. Each conduct attribute in the set of conduct attributes describes at least one of a facial expression, vocalization, body language, and social interactions of a member in the set of members. Each conduct attribute is an indicator of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances associated with the set of members. Events metadata is received. The events metadata describes the set of circumstances associated with the set of members. The set of conduct attributes and the events metadata is analyzed to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort. The receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of the set of members to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances. The set of members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change based on the result of a comparison of the receptivity score to a threshold score.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any tangible apparatus that can store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.
Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers.
Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

## Claims

1. A processor-implemented method of generating a recommendation to add a member to a receptivity cohort, the processor-implemented method comprising:
defining a receptivity cohort, wherein each member of the receptivity cohort shares a conduct attribute, wherein the conduct attribute describes at least one of a facial expression, body language, and social interaction of a person, and wherein the conduct attribute has been predetermined to be an indicator of a level of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances;
a processor analyzing the conduct attribute and event metadata to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort, wherein event metadata describes the proposed future change in the set of circumstances, and wherein the receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of members of the receptivity cohort to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances;
in response to determining that granular demographic information for members of the receptivity cohort is available, the processor processing the granular demographic information with the event metadata and conduct attribute to generate a weighted receptivity score for each member of the receptivity cohort, wherein the weighted receptivity score indicates a normalized level of receptivity of said each member to the proposed future change;
the processor retrieving biometric sensor data from a set of biometric sensors, wherein the biometric sensor data describe said at least one of the facial expression, body language and social interaction for a candidate member of the receptivity cohort;
the processor comparing the biometric sensor data for the candidate member to said conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort; and
the processor, in response to the biometric sensor data for the candidate member matching the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort, generating a recommendation to add the candidate member to the receptivity cohort.

2. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the biometric sensor data from the set of biometric sensors is retrieved in response to receiving a notification of the proposed future change.

3. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the receptivity score comprises an upper threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score exceeds the upper threshold.

4. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the receptivity score comprises a lower threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score falls below the lower threshold.

5. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the conduct attribute is from a set of conduct attributes, and wherein the processor-implemented method further comprises:
assigning a value to each conduct attribute in the set of conduct attributes; and
aggregating the value of said each conduct attribute associated with each member of the receptivity cohort to generate a receptivity score, wherein the receptivity score is an aggregation of receptivity values for all members of the receptivity cohort.

6. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the conduct attribute is from a set of conduct attributes, and wherein the processor-implemented method further comprises:
comparing the set of conduct attributes with known patterns of expected conduct associated with a person that is receptive to the proposed future change to generate a receptivity score, wherein each known pattern is assigned a receptivity value, and wherein values for known patterns that match conduct attributes for the receptivity cohort are weighted and aggregated to generate the receptivity score.

7. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein event metadata describes the proposed future change in the set of circumstances, and wherein the processor-implemented method further comprises:
responsive to determining description data for each member of the receptivity cohort is available, retrieving the description data for each member of the receptivity cohort, wherein the description data comprises at least one of identification information, past history information, and current status information for said each member of the receptivity cohort; and
analyzing the description data with the conduct attribute and the event metadata to generate a receptivity score for said each member of the receptivity cohort.

8. The processor-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the proposed future change in the set of circumstances is at least one of a proposed future change in work location requiring that a worker relocate or commute across a greater distance, a proposed offer to sell goods or services to a customer at a given price, an offer to purchase goods or services from a person, a proposed request that a person leave a particular location, and a request that a person stop performing a given action.

9. A computer program product for generating a recommendation to add a member to a receptivity cohort, the computer program product comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable storage medium;
first program instructions to define a receptivity cohort, wherein each member of the receptivity cohort shares a conduct attribute, wherein the conduct attribute is from a set of conduct attributes, wherein the conduct attribute describes at least one of a facial expression, body language, and social interaction of a person, and wherein the conduct attribute has been predetermined to be an indicator of a level of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances;
second program instructions to analyze the conduct attribute and event metadata to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort, wherein event metadata describes the proposed future change in the set of circumstances, and wherein the receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of members of the receptivity cohort to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances;
third program instructions to, in response to determining that granular demographic information for members of the receptivity cohort is available, process the granular demographic information with the event metadata and conduct attribute to generate a weighted receptivity score for each member of the receptivity cohort, wherein the weighted receptivity score indicates a normalized level of receptivity of said each member to the proposed future change;
fourth program instructions to retrieve biometric sensor data from a set of biometric sensors, wherein the biometric sensor data describe said at least one of the facial expression, body language and social interaction for a candidate member of the receptivity cohort;
fifth program instructions to compare the biometric sensor data for the candidate member to said conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort; and
sixth program instructions to, in response to the biometric sensor data for the candidate member matching the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort, generate a recommendation to add the candidate member to the receptivity cohort; and wherein
the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth program instructions are stored on the non-transitory computer readable storage medium.

10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the biometric sensor data from the set of biometric sensors is retrieved in response to receiving a notification of the proposed future change.

11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the receptivity score comprises an upper threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score exceeds the upper threshold.

12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the receptivity score comprises a lower threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score falls below the lower threshold.

13. A computer system comprising:
a processor, a computer readable memory, and a computer readable storage media;
first program instructions to define a receptivity cohort, wherein each member of the receptivity cohort shares a conduct attribute, wherein the conduct attribute is from a set of conduct attributes, wherein the conduct attribute describes at least one of a facial expression, body language, and social interaction of a person, and wherein the conduct attribute has been predetermined to be an indicator of a level of receptiveness to a proposed future change in a set of circumstances;
second program instructions to analyze the conduct attribute and event metadata to generate a receptivity score for the receptivity cohort, wherein event metadata describes the proposed future change in the set of circumstances, and wherein the receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of members of the receptivity cohort to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances;
third program instructions to, in response to determining that granular demographic information for members of the receptivity cohort is available, process the granular demographic information with the event metadata and conduct attribute to generate a weighted receptivity score for each member of the receptivity cohort, wherein the weighted receptivity score indicates a normalized level of receptivity of said each member to the proposed future change;
fourth program instructions to retrieve biometric sensor data from a set of biometric sensors, wherein the biometric sensor data describe said at least one of the facial expression, body language and social interaction for a candidate member of the receptivity cohort;
fifth program instructions to compare the biometric sensor data for the candidate member to said conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort; and
sixth program instructions to, in response to the biometric sensor data for the candidate member matching the conduct attribute of members of the receptivity cohort, generate a recommendation to add the candidate member to the receptivity cohort; and wherein
the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth program instructions are stored on the computer readable storage media for execution by the processor via the computer readable memory.

14. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the biometric sensor data from the set of biometric sensors is retrieved in response to receiving a notification of the proposed future change.

15. The computer system of claim 13, wherein event metadata describes the proposed future change in the set of circumstances, and wherein the computer system further comprises:
seventh program instructions to analyze the conduct attribute and event metadata to generate the receptivity score for the receptivity cohort, wherein the receptivity score indicates a level of receptiveness of members of the receptivity cohort to the proposed future change in the set of circumstances; and wherein
the seventh program instructions are stored on the computer readable storage media for execution by the processor via the computer readable memory.

16. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the receptivity score comprises an upper threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score exceeds the upper threshold.

17. The computer system of claim 13, wherein the receptivity score comprises a lower threshold, and wherein members of the receptivity cohort are identified as receptive to the proposed future change in response to a determination that the receptivity score falls below the lower threshold.