United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37-2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxa should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, APHIS has produced data sheets which detail the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making

the determination that the taxa are quarantine pest plants.



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheets

Table of Contents

Click on a quarantine pest plant below to view the corresponding data sheet:

Acacia hockii

Andropogon gayanus

Artemisia austriaca

Berberis glaucocarpa

Berkheya rigida

Bromus pectinatus

Cassinia arcuata

Cestrum laevigatum

Cineraria lyratiformis

Cordia curassavica

Echinochloa pyramidalis

Eleocharis kuroguwai

Gomphrena celosioides

Hakea salicifolia Hakea sericea

Impatiens parviflora

Launaea cornuta

Limnobium laevigatum

Litsea glutinosa

Ludwigia hyssopifolia

Ludwigia prostrata

Nymphoides cristata

Oryza barthii

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis

Picnomon acarna

Potamogeton distinctus

Potamogeton schweinfurthii

Praxelis clematidea Rumex sagittatus

Senecio angulatus

Wikstroemia indicaUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Acacia hockii De Wild. 1

Family: Fabaceae 1

Synonyms: Acacia chariensis A.Chev.

Distribution of plant:

Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya

, Tanzania , Uganda, Central African Republic, Zaire, Benin

, Burkina Faso , Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Angola, Malawi , Mozambique,

Za mbia 1

Distribution in the United States : None Reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

Acacia hockii was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. A. hockii i s a principal weed in Uganda and a common weed in Kenya 5

. It is a quarantine weed in Western Australia 2

. Occupying woodland, wooded grassland, thicket, and scrub environments, A. hockii i s described as an invasive species that displaces native herbivores, due to its ability to suppress the growth of different grasses 6 . Wild fires are known to increase the chances of the plant becoming dominant, as it has the ability to sprout and grow afte r fires 7, 8

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 9, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?424391

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 9, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/acacia_hockii/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, L A 70874- 4490 USA

. Accessed March 9, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler , L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: eFloras. Accessed March 9, 2011 online at http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?qry=namelist&flora=fz&taxon=2061&nameid

=5040

7. African Conservation Foundation (ACF) (2009). Uganda: Lake Mburo Trees to Be Cut Down. Accessed March 9, 2011 online at http://www.africanconservation.org/content/view/1435/406

8. National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO). 2004. Implementation of invasive plant prevention and control programmes in Uganda. Report submitted to the CAB International Africa Regional Centre under the PDF- B phase of the UNEP/GEF Project: Removing Barriers to Invasive Plant Management in Africa. National Agricultural Research Organization, Entebbe, Uganda. Accessed March 9, 2011 online at http://www.naro.go.ug/Invasivespecies/Reports/Prevention%20and%20Control%20Progr

ammes%20 in%20Uganda.pdfUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Andropogon gayan us Kunth 1

Family: Poaceae 1

Synonyms: Andropogon gayanus Kunth var. squamulatus Stapf

Common names : tambuki grass 1 , gamba grass, bluestem, Rhodesian blue grass 2

Distribution of plant:

Sudan, Tanzania

, Uganda

, Cameroon

, Central African Republic

, Zair e, Benin ; Burkina

Faso , Cote D'Ivoire, Gambia , Ghana, Guinea, Guinea

- Bissau

, Liberia

, Mali

, Mauritania

, Nigeria

, Senegal

, Togo, Malawi , Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia , South

Africa

- Natal, Transvaal, Swaziland 1

, Australia , and Southern America 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported, possibly cultivated 3

Damage potential of plant:

Andropogon gayanus is a serious environmental weed in Venezuela and the Northern Territory of Australia 6 and is a potential weed of concern in the Pacific Islands 4

. Forming dense and large tussocks, this grass invades grasslands and savannas. A. gayanus produces large quantities of fruits and seeds that remain viable for two to three years. Fire and drought tolerant, it replaces native vegetation 5

. In Aust ralia, this grass can invade a variety of natural habitats from wetland margins through upland savanna and is particularly abundant along water banks and roadsides. A. gayanus can cause loss of treecover and transformation of woodland by increasing fuel loads, fire height and intensity. Fires generated in A. gayanus can pose a serious threat to property and human life 6

.

This invasive grass is associated with Magnaporthe grisea (r ice b last ) and Pyricularia grisea (r ice b last ) 7 , which are both plant pests of concern to the United States Department of Agriculture.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, B eltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 14, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?3213

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds . Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia . Accessed February 14, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/andropogon_gayanus/

3. USDA, National Resources Conserv ation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed February 14, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. P acific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) database

. Accessed February 14, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/andropogon_gayanus.htm

5. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World, a Reference Guide to

Environmental Weeds . Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 548 pp.

6. Csurhes, S. 2005. An assessment of the potential impact of Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) on the economy, environment and people of Queensland. Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Brisbane.

7. Farr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Accessed February 14, 2011 online at http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases/United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS ha s determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quaran tine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Artemisia austriaca Jacq. 7

Family: Asteraceae 7

Synonyms: none found

Common names: Austrian wormwood 2

Distribution of plant:

Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia 7

, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania,

France 7

Distribution in the United States : None r eported 6 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

The species is a common agricultural weed in the Soviet Union 4 and is a threat to biological diversity in Lithuania 3 . Because other Artemisia species are known to be allelopathic and toxic to animals 1

, A. austriaca may be as well. A Weed Risk Assessment developed by USDA PERAL 8 , ranked A. austriaca as having moderate potential forestablishment/spread , with the probability of becoming a minor invader at 69.9% . After further evaluation, the risk potential for A. austriaca was raised to “ High Risk ” because

the species is invasive in Poland (naturalized and spreading) 5

. The species distribution across Europe and Asia 7 indicates that it is adapted to a wide range of climate types, many of which occur in the United States

.

References:

1. Burrows, G. E., and Tyrl. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, U.S.A. 1342 pp.

2. CRC Press, 1990. Thesaurus of agricultural organisms: pests, weeds and diseases, Volume 1 Compiled and edited by Derwent Publications, Ltd

3. Gudzinskas, Z. 2009. Invasive Plants: Lithuanian Invasive Species Database Ministry of Environment of Lithuania, National Advisory Council on Invasive Species. http://www.ku.lt/lisd/index.html (Archived at PERAL)

4. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

5. INC. 2009. Alien Species in Poland Database. Institute of Nature Conservation (INC), Polish Academy of Sciences.

6. Kartesz, J.T. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). North American Plant Atlas. Chapel Hill, N.C. [maps generated from Kartesz, J.T. 2010. Floristic Synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). (in press)]. Accessed June 17, 2011 online at http://www.bonap.org/MapSwitchboard.html

7. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed June 17, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?463323

8. USDA Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL), Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 2011. Weed Risk Assessments for Alpinia modesta, Artemisia austriaca, Artemisia japonica, Praxelis clematidea, and Rhamnus alaternus . June 14, 2010 Rev. 00. Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf 1

Family: Berberidaceae 1

Common names: barberry, great barberry 2

Distribution of plant:

India, Nepal 1

, British Isles , and New Zealand 1

Distribution in the United States: None reported 3 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

B. glaucocarpa was identified as a potential threat t o United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. B. glaucocarpa invades forests, forest margins, scrub, and disturbed areas. Its seed lings tolerate shade and establish successfully, shading out native plants and preventing their regeneration . Birds disperse

its seeds 5

. B. glaucocarpa is naturalized i n New Zealand where it is considered an

environmental weed 6

.References:

1. USDA, Agri cultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed January 14, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?401569

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds . Accessed January 14, 2011 online

at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/berberis_glaucocarpa/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service . The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed January 14, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler , L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World. A Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 548 pp.

6. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Invasive species information for Hawaii

and the Pacific. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand. Accessed January 14, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/weedlists/other_areas/nz/nzecoweeds.htmUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Berkheya rigida (Thunb.) Ewart et al. 1

Family : Asteraceae 1

Synonyms : Stobaea rigida Thunb. 1

, 2

Common names : African thistle, A ugusta thistle, berkheya thistle, h amelin thistle 1

Distribution of plant:

South Africa 1

, 2

, Australia 1

Distribution in the United States : none reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

B. rigida was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry pot ential 4

. Holm et al. list B. rigida as a weed of Australia 5

. B. rigida , a stiff herbaceous to woody perennial, has n oxious w eed status in Western Australia and Tasmania. Reproducing by seed and from rhizomes, it occurs as a weed in

coastal scrublands and occasionally inland. Large colonies limit pasture growth and available grazing area. In recreational areas, the matted stems and spines may limit access

to beaches and facilities 6

. Even within its native area, southern Africa, B. rigida is regarded as a problem plant, competing for resources 7

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Marylan d. Accessed January 14, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?403695

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds . Accessed January 14, 2011 online

at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/berkheya_rigida/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service . The PLANTS database.

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Access ed January 14, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler , L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. H olm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds . Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

6. Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G. 1992. Noxious Weeds of Australia . Inkata Press, Melbourne. 692 pp.

7. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Bromus pectinatus Thunb. 1

Family: Poaceae 1

Synonyms:

Bromus adoensis Hochst. ex Steud. 1

Bromus gedrosianus Penzés Bromus rechingeri Melderis 2

Common names: bromegrass 2 , Japanese brome 5 , Hooigras 6

Distribution of plant:

Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, South Africa, Arabia, Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported, possibly in cultivation 4

Damage p otential of plant:

Bromus pectinatus is a problematic grass weed prominent in wheat fields 3 . It is competitive and also a host for cereal root diseases. Grain contaminated with this species blocks grading screens 6

. B. pectinatus is a major weed of wheat and barley in Kenya. Field studies determined that the yield of wheat or barely could be reduced by 50% as a result of B. pectinatus infestation 7

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Belstville, Maryland. Accessed February 15, 2011 online at http://www.ars -grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?314893

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed February 15, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/bromus_pectinatus/

3. Bio Online International. African Crop Science Journal. 1997. Vol. 5. No. 4, pp. 359-369, 1997. Bioline International, 1989 – 2007. Accessed February 15, 2011 online at http://www.bioline.org.br/request?cs97042

4. USDA, National Resources Conservation Ser vice. The PLANTS database

. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 4490 USA. Accessed February 15, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java

5. A Landowner’s Guide to Alien Grasses and the Prevention of Th eir Spread. Cape Nature. Accessed February 15, 2011 online at www.capenature.co.za/docs/1451/Alien%20Grass%20Eng.pdf

6. Bromilow, Clive. 1995. Problem Plants in South Africa. Briza Publications. (pg. 32).

7. Wilcox, Douglas Howard, M.Sc., The University of Manitoba, May 1986, Biology and Control of Bromus pectinatus Thunb., 177pgs. Accessed February 15, 2011 online at http ://www.dragonflymeadow.ca/pdfs/Bromus_MSC_8.pdfUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cassinia arcuata R. Br

. 1

Family : Asteraceae 1

Synonyms: none found

Common names : Chinese shrub 1

, 2 , Australian tauhinu, bidy bush, drooping cassinia, sifting bush, tear shrub 5

Distribution of plant:

Australia 1

, 2 and New Zealand 5

Distribution in the United States : none re ported 3

Damage potential of plant:

Cassinia arcuata was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry pot ential 4

. In Australia, C. arcuata is a weed of soils that are disturbed by mining, land clearing, overgrazing, and roadside grading. The species can dominate establishing pastures, but is unpalatable to stock, resulting in the reduction of carrying capaci ty of heavily infested areas. Clumps of the species create a fire hazard and harbor pest animals such as rabbits 5

. C. arcuata is a principal weed of

Australia 6

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germp lasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed January 14, 2011 online

at http://www.ars

- gr in.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?447229

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds

. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, P

. O

. Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia

. Accessed January 14, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/cassinia_arcuata/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service . The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center (NPDC), Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed January 14, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler , L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G. 199 2. Noxious Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. 692 pp.

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cestrum laevigat um Schltdl. 1

Family: Solanaceae 1

Synonyms: None found

Common names: inkberry

, inkb essie

, dama -da- noite 1

Distribution of plant:

Brazil , Argentina, Paraguay 1 and Southern Africa 1

Distribution in the United States : none reported 3 ; APHIS is considering this taxon for

official contro l under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Cestrum laevigatum was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. C. laevigatum forms dense populations that shade out native plants and prevent natural growth of shrubs and trees. Invaded habitats include riparian areas, coastal dunes, forests, and grasslands. Leaves and berries

are toxic to livestock 5

. C. laevigatum is listed as problem plant in South Africa due to its

invasiveness 6 , and as a result C. laevigatum may no longer be planted there 7

.

Moniliophthora perniciosa (w itches broom f ungus) , a pest of concern to the United

States , is associated with C. laevigatum 8

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National

Germ plasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed January 31,

2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404312

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Co mpendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, P.O. Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed January 31, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/cestrum_laevigat um/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center (NPDC), Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed January 31,

2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Park er, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World: a reference guide to environmental weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 548 pp.

6. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in Southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.

7. Yoshioka, Toshiya. 2005. Invasive Plants Database. Accessed January 31, 2011 online at http://invasive.m -fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Cestrum&s=laevigatum

8. Farr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Database s, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Accessed January 31, 2011 online at http://nt.ars

grin.gov/fungaldatabases/United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cineraria lyrati formis Cron 1

Family: Asteraceae 1

Synonyms: Cineraria lyrata DC. 1

Common names : African

- marigold, cineraria, wild parsley 1

, 2

Distribution of plant:

South Africa 1

, 2 , and Australia 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

Cineraria lyratiformis was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4 . D eclared a noxious weed in New South Wales, C. lyratiformis occurs as a weed in gardens, along roadsides, cultivated fallows, and disturbed areas. It is reported to cause gas and unpleasant odors in cheese and taints milk for the cows that graze on it 5

. R eported as a s erious weed in South

Africa 6

, C. lyratiformis competes for resources and replaces preferred vegetation, especially in grassland 7

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP). Germplasm Resources Inform ation Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, MD. Accessed January 31, 2011

online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/tax on.pl?416026

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, P.O. Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed January 31, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/cineraria_lyratiformis/

3. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center (NPDC), Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed January 31, 2011 online at http://plants.usd a.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G. 1992. Noxious Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press,

Melbou rne. 692 pp.

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp

.

7. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H.

1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Cordia curassavic a (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. 1

Family: Boraginaceae 1

Synonyms:

Cordia verbenacea DC.

Varronia curassavica Jacq. 1

Cordia brevispicata M.Martens & Galeotti

Cordia chacoensis Chodat. Cordia imparillis Macbr. Cordia macrostachya (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. 2

.

Commo n names : erva baleeira 2

, black

- sage , mahot noir, wild

- sage , orégano- cimarrón 1

Distribution of plant:

Mexico

, Costa Rica

, Guatemala , Honduras, Nicaragua

, Panama , Antigua and Barbuda,

Barbados

, Dominica , Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia

, St. Vi ncent and

Grenadines , Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana , Suriname, Venezuela

, Brazil

, Bolivia

, Colombia, Peru , Argentina, Paraguay 1

, Malaysia , and Christmas Island 8

Distribution in the United States: None reported 3 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).Damage potential of plant:

Cordia curassavica is a principal weed of Trinidad 6 , and an environmental weed of

concern in the Pacific Islands 5

. Creating dense thickets that prevent regeneration or growth of other vegetation 7

, this shrub has become invasive in Malaysia and Christmas

Island 8

. C. curassavica is a host of the p ink Hibiscus m ealybug 9 , a plant pest of concern

to the United States. C. curassavica was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed January 31,

2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?430456

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J.

Ric hardson, P.O; Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed January 31, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/cordia_curassavica/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Servi ce. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center (NPDC), Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed January 31, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Non indigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Yoshioka, Toshiya. 2005. Invasive Plants Database. Accessed January 31, 2011 online at http://invasive.m -fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Cordia&s=curassavica

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

7. Swarbrick, J.T. 1997. Environmental weeds and exotic plants on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: A report to Parks Australia. p. 31.

8. Pacific Islands Ecosystem at Risk project (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. Accessed January 31, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/cordia_curassavica.htm

9. Garofalo, J, and Graves, W. R. 2002. Reported Plant Hosts of Pink Hibiscus Mealybug (PHM). Fact -sheet No. 69. Extension Agent, Commercial Ornamentals. Miami- Dade County Cooperative Extension Service, Florida.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Echinochloa pyra midalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase 1

Family : Poaceae 1

Synonyms : Echinochloa holubii (Stapf) Stapf Panicum holubii Stapf Panicum pyramidale Lam. (basionym) Panicum quadrifarium Hochst. ex A. Rich. 1

Common names: antelope grass, limpopo grass, Atilopengras, pasto limbago 1

Distribution of plant:

Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Cote D’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swazi land, Madagascar 1 , Argentina, Australia, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Chad, China, Costa Rica, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Gabon, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago 2

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3 ; APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).Damage potential of plant:

Echinochloa pyramidalis was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. E. pyramidalis is a semi

- aquatic species, almost invariably associated with water. It has very variable morphology, depending on the conditions, with very tall erect forms just away from the water’s edge, while plants rooted in the water form rampant spongy, leafy stems which grow rapidly

across the water 5

.

E. pyramidalis has decidedly invasive characteristics with its vigorous shoot and rhizome growth and abundant seed production. As an aquatic, it also has the potential to be very damaging to sensitive aquatic habitats. In Guyana, it was first noticed in 1982 and increased rapidly to become one of the most troublesome weeds in the aquatic system of the Guyana Sugar Corporation 6 . Apart from its competitive growth, Wells et al. note it is unpalatable and has irritant hairs on leaf sheaths as well as a tendency to obstruct water

flow 7

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed April 5, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?14834

2. Stang, D. 2009. ZipcodeZoo. Echinochloa pyramidalis . Accessed April 5, 2011 online at http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/E/Echinochloa_pyramidalis/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed April 5, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Bor, N.L. 1960. The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambusae) Pergamon Press, Oxford. (p. 311).

6. Bis hundial, D.P., Dasrat, B., Rajkumar, A. and Kumar, D. 1997. Management of antelope grass ( Echinochloa pyramidalis ) in sugarcane water ways. Proceedings of the West Indies Sugar Technologists 26th Conference, 22-26 September 1997. pp. 164-168.

7. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. & Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Eleocharis kurog uwai Ohwi 1

Family: Cyperaceae 1

Synonyms : none found

Common names : kuro

- guwai 1

Distribution of plant:

China, Korea and Japan 2

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

E leocharis kuroguwai was identified as a po tential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. Spreading by tubers and rhizomes, E. kuroguwai is a perennial sedge that is difficult to control due to its overwintering tubers in soil and irregular sprouting 5

. The Korean national survey of weeds reported that

E

. kuroguwai was the second most dominant weed in paddy fields. Since emergence takes place over a long period, it is not easily controlled by current herbicides 6

. Reducing infestations requires land preparation and dragging its vegetative organs to the soil

surface for desiccation 2

. E. kuroguwai is associated with the plant pathogen Epicoccosorus nematosporus 5

, which is prohibited entry into the United States.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, M aryland. Accessed March 28, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462801

2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Plant Production an d Protection Division, datasheet for Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi. Accessed March 28,

2011 online at http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core

themes/ theme/biodiversity/weeds/listweeds/ele

- kur/en/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed March 28, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/j ava/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. Hong, Y. K., Cho, J. M., Uhm, J. Y., Lee, B. C., Hyun, J. N., Hwang, J. B. and Kim, S.

C. 2003. Evaluation of Control Efficacy of Biocontrol Agent, Epicoccosorus

nematosporus on Eleocharis kuroguwai in the Field. The Plant Pathology Journal 19(2):

97

- 101.

6. Kim, K. U. 2006. Integrated Management of Paddy Weeds In Korea, with Emphasis on Allelopathy. Accessed March 28, 2011 online at www.agnet.org/library/tb/134b/tb134b.pdfUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Gomphrena celosi oides Mart. 1

Family: Amaranthaceae 1

Synonyms: Gomphrena alba Peter

Common names: yin hua xian 1

, globe amaranth, prostrate globe amaranth, baan mai ruu roi paa, gomphrena weed, soft khakiweed, white eye 2

.

Distribution of plant:

Brazil

, Bolivia , Argentina, Paraguay

, Uruguay 1 , Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, India, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa 6 , Costa Rica, Ecuador, Burundi, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, 9 . Widely n aturalized in the tro pics 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3

Dam age potential of plant:

Gomphrena celosioides was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. G. celosioides is toxic to
mammals 1 and is invasive in the Pacific Islands 5, 8

. Holm et al. reported that G.

celosioides is a serious weed of Taiwan and Thailand 6

. In southern Africa, G. celosioides is competitive and tends to replace indigenous vegetation 7

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?411200

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds . Accessed February 1, 2011 online

at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/gomphrena_celosioides/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Yoshioka, Toshiya. 2005. Invasiv e Plants Database: Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://invasive.m -fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Gomphrena&s=celosioides

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds . Wiley -Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

7. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.

8. Pacific Islands Ecosystem at Risk project (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.hear.o rg/Pier/species/gomphrena_celosioides.htm

9. W 3 Tropicos, the nomenclatural database of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.tropicos.org/Name/1100153United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Hakea salicifolia (Vent.) B. L. Burtt 1

Family: Proteaceae 1

Synonyms : Embothrium salicifolium Vent. 1

Common names : willow hakea, willow leaf hakea 2

, wilgerhakea 1

Distribution of plant:

Australia 1 , Europe, southern Africa, & New Zealand 1

Distribution in the United States: None reported 3 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Adapted to nutrient-poor soil, this multi-stemmed shrub eliminates original vegetation and reduces species richness in dry forests, heathland and scrubland 6

. Hakea salicifolia was identified as a potential threat to United States eco systems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. H. salicifolia is reported as a w eed of concern on

conservation lands in New Zealand and as an invader in Port u gal 5

. H. Salicifolia is included on a list of potentially invasive garden plants in Australia 7

.References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?447100

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Glo bal Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed February 1, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/hakea_salicifolia/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed February 1, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C. , Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Yoshioka Toshiya. 2005. Invasive Plants Database: Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://invasive.m

- fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Hakea&s=salicifolia

6. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World. A Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 548 pp.

7. Randall, R. 2001. Garden thugs, a national list of invasive and potentially invasive garden plants. Plant Protection Quarterly 16(4): 138-171.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Hakea sericea Sch rad. & J. C. Wendl. 1

Family: Proteaceae 1

Synonyms: Conchium aciculare Sm. ex Vent. 1

Common names : silky hakea, syerige hakea 1

Distribution of plant:

Australia 1

, New Zealand

, Portugal, South Africa, Spain 2,3

Distribution in the United States: None reported 4 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potentia l of plant:

Hakea sericea is described as being “highly invasive” 5

. H. sericea is included on a list of potentially invasive garden plants in Australia 6 . The European Plant Protection Organization categorizes it as an invasive alien plant in New Zealand and South Africa 7

. In New Zealand, it is listed among plants of concern on conservation land 8 . I n South Africa, it has proved highly invasive and is rated as a serious weed 9 and categorized as a transformer and as a prohibited weed in the most invasive C at egory 1 10 . Both Hakea gibbosa and H akea sericea have been deemed major threat s to mountain fynbos. The sespecies are extremely flammable and cause such hot fires that they destroy all indigenous flora and fauna in the vicinity. The se species can completely replace indigenous vegetation and make mountain slopes unattractive and inaccessible to mountaineers by promoting erosion. Hakea serice a increase s transpiration resulting in reduction of run- off

to rivers and dams 11

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed April 15, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?410696

2. Brunel, S. and J.M. Tison. 2005. A method of selection and hierarchization of the invasive and potentially invasive plants in continental Mediterranean France. In : Proceedings of the International Workshop Actes de l’atelier de travail international:

Meze.

3. CABI. 2009. Crop Protection Compendium, CAB International. Accessed April 15, 2011

online at http://www.cabi.org/cpc/?compid=1&dsid=27302&loadmodule=datasheet&page=868&si

te=161

4. USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed April 15, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

5. Binggeli, P., J. B. Hall, et al. 1998. An overview of invasive woody plants in the tropics. School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences Publication Number 13. Bangor, University

of Wales.

6. Randall, R. 2001. Garden thugs, a national list of invasive and potentially invasive garden plants. Plant Protection Quarterly 16: 138–171.

7. PQR. 2003. EPPO’s plant quarantine data retrieval system, version 4.3. CD Rom. Paris, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.

8. Owen, S. J. 1996. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand: a database. Wellington, NZ: Department of Conservation. Accessed April 15, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/weedlists/other_areas/nz/nzecoweeds.htm

9. Holm, L. G.; Pancho, J. V.; Herberger, J. P.; Plucknett, D. L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York: Wiley- Interscience.

10. Henderson, L. 2001. Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants: A complete guide to decl ared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, Agricultural

Research Council.11. Bromilow, C. 2001. Problem Plants of South Africa: A guide to the identification and control of more than 300 invasive plants and other weeds. Preto ria, South Africa: Briza

Publications.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Impatiens parviflora DC. 1

Family: Balsaminaceae 1

Synonyms: Impatiens nevskii Pobed. 2

Common names: balsam

, small -flower touch- me -not 1

Distribution of plant:

Afghanistan, Canada 3 , Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan

, Tajikistan

, Uzbekistan, China, Belarus 1

, Sw itzerland 9 , France, Ukraine, Poland, Germany 6 , and

Great Britain 10

.

Distribution in the United States: None reported 3 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United

States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Impatiens parviflora was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4 . This annual is reported to be invasive in Hungary, Spain, Germany, Ukr a ine and Poland 5 , 6

. Its seed capsules spring open forcibly as the seed ripens, ejecting the seed a considerable distance 10

.Two plant pest s of concern to the United State s are associated with I. parviflora, Aleyrodes proletella (c abbage w hitefly) 7 and Leveillula taurica (p owdery m ildew) 8

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service

, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?19843

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed February 1, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/impatiens_parviflora/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed February 1, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

5. Yoshioka, Toshiya. 2005. Invasive Plants Database. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://invasive.m -fuukei.jp/sdetail.php?g=Impatiens&s=parviflora

6. Dana, E.D., Sanz-Elorza, M. & Sobrino, E. 2001. Plant Invaders in Spain [Check- List] ‘The Unwanted Citizens’, 8p.

7. USDA

- APHIS -PPQ (2001, September 26). New Pest Advisory Group Data: Aleyrodes proletella, Brassica Whitefly Draft. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and

Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine.

8. Farr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://nt.ars

grin.gov/fungaldatabases/

9. Missouri Botanical Garden, W 3 Tropicos database. Entry for Impatiens parviflora

. Accessed February 1, 2011 online at http://www.tropicos.org/Name/3100029

10. Plants for a future database. 2004. Entry for Impatiens parviflora

. Accessed February 1,

2011 online at http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Impatiens%20parvifloraUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Launaea cornuta (Hochs t. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey 1

Family: Asteraceae 1

Synonyms:

Launaea exauriculatus (Oliv. & Hiern) Boulos

Sonchus cornutus Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern (basionym)

Sonchus exauriculatus (Oliv. & Hiern) O. Hoffm

Common names: wild lettuce 2

Distribution o f p lant:

Ethiopia, Somalia , Sudan, Kenya

, Tanzania , Uganda, Cameroon

, Central African, Republic, Rwanda, Zaire

, Nigeria

, Malawi , Mozambique, Zambia , Zimbabwe 1,3

Distribution in the United States: none reported 4

Damage potential of plant:

Launaea cornu ta is a perennial weed of arable land, perennial crops, and waste areas in

East Africa 3 . This species is among the most frequent and problematic weeds in Ethiopian

sugarcane fields, contributing to loss in productivity 5

. L. cornuta was identified as a

pote ntial threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plantsbased on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 6

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at

htt p://www.ars -grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?450972

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J.
Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 4, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/launaea_cornuta/

3. Terry, P.J. 1987. Common Weeds of East Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations. Rome.

4. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS d atabase. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 4490 USA. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

5. Firehun, Yirefu, and Tana Tamado. 2006. Weed flora in the Rift Valley sugarcane plantations of Ethiopia as influenced by soil types and agronomic practises. Weed Biology and Management 6: 139-150. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://onlin elibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00207.x/abstract

6. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS ha s determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine p est plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine 1

Family: Hydrocharitaceae 1

Synonyms: Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Hunz. Limnobium spongia subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Lowden Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 1
Hydromystria stolonifera G.F.W. Mey Limnobium stoloniferum ( G.F.W. Mey.) Griseb 2

Common names : South American spongeplant 1 , West Indian spongeplant 2

Distribution of plant:

Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay 1

Distribution in the United States : Reported as present in 12 counties in California 3 ; also public comment on the May 11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

If introduced, what control measures are in place or being planned in each state? Hand removal and glyphosate treatments 4Damage potential of plant:

Limnobium laevigatum is an aquatic weed that occurs in rivers, ponds, lakes, canals, and other aquatic habitats 5 . It reduces biodiversity, changes community structure, and limits

access to water bodies. Since it reproduces sexually through seed production and vegetatively thr ough offshoots, this species can rapidly form dense mats on the water surface. Propagules are dispersed by water and birds and as hitchhi kers on watercraft 6

. This species appears to have a wide adaptive potential given its widespread distribution throughout Central and South America 7

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed May 4, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?419808

2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed May 4, 2011 online at http://www.itis.gov

3. Calflora. 2010. California flora database. Accessed May 4, 2011 online at http://www.c alflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=8599

4. Akers , P. 2009. The California Department Of Food And Agriculture Hydrilla Eradication Program Annual Progress Report 2009: Protecting California’s Waterways. Accessed May 4, 2011 online at http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/hydrilla/pdfs/hydrilla2009_annualreport-contents.pdf

5. Fernández, O. A., Sutton, D. L., Lallana, V. H. , Sabbatini, M. R., & I rigoyen , J. H. 1990. Aquatic weed problems and management in South and Central America. Pages 406-425

in A. H. Pieterse and K. J. Murphy, (eds.). Aquatic Weeds: The Ecology and Management of Nuisance Aquatic Vegetation. Oxford University Press, New York.

6. Akers, P. 2010. Draft pest profile for Limnobium laevigatum . Unpublished Report. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA. (archived at APHIS CPHST PERAL)

7. USDA Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL), Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 2011. Weed Risk Assessments for Alpinia modesta, Artemisia austriaca, Artemisia japonica, Praxelis clematidea, and Rhamnus alaternus . June 14, 2010 Rev. 00. Raleigh, NC, U.S.A.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Litsea glutinosa (Lour .) C. B. Rob. 1

Family: Lauraceae 1

Synonyms: Litsea laurifolia (Jacq.) F. M. Bailey Sebifera glutinosa Lour. (basionym) Tetranthera laurifolia Jacq. 1

Common names: Indian-laurel, Indiese lourier 1

Distribution of plant:

Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam 1 , Mauritius, Reunion 1

, Rodrigues Island,

South Africa 2 , Mayotte 3

Dist ribution in the United States: N one reported 4

Damage potential of p lant :

Litsea glutino sa is described as being a plant whose impact upon introduction to a new environment is severe. Growing in agricultural, coastland, natural forest, planted forest, disturbed, and urban areas, L. glutinosa has a high invasive potential, displacing

regenerat ing native plant species in disturbed environments 5 . It is listed among the highly invasive woody species of the tropics and subtropics 6

. L. glutinosa is recorded as beingvery invasive in both Mauritius and Rodrigues Island 7 . In South Africa it is classed as a declared weed and a transformer that tends to replace indigenous vegetation. Litsea glutinosa may also be poisonous 8

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRI N). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed April 19, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?22422

2. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World: A reference guide to environmental weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

3. Soubeyran, Y. 2008. Les espèces exotiques envahissantes dans les collectivités françaises

d’outre- mer. Paris, Collection Pl anète Nature. Comité français de l’UICN

.

4. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed April 19, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

5. ISSG. 2008. The Global Invasive Species Database. Litsea glutinosa. Accessed April 19,

2011 online at http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Litsea+glutinosa

6. Binggeli, P., J. B. Hall, et al. 1998. An overview of invasive woody plants in the tropics. School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences Publication Number 13. Bangor, University

of Wales.

7. Macdonald, A. W., J. K. Reaser, et al. 2003. Invasive Alien Species: National reports and directory of resources. Cape Town, The Global Invasive Species Programme.

8. Henderson, L. 2001. Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants: A complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Pretoria, Plant Protection Research Council.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following plant taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Ludwigia hyssopifo lia (G. Don) Exell 1

Family: Onagraceae 1

Synonyms: Jussiaea hyssopifolia G. Don (basionym) 1

Jussiaea linifolia Vahl 5

Common names: waterprimerose 3 , seedbox, telurik, linearleaf water primrose 5

Distribution of plant:

Cape Verde

, Chad , Sudan, Cameroon

, Central African Republic , Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire

, Gambia , Ghana, Liberia

, Nigeria

, Senegal , Sierra Leone, China, Taiwan,
Bhutan, India, Nepal , Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos

, Myanmar

, Vietnam , Indonesia, Malaysia

, Papua New Guinea , Philippines, Me xico, Micronesia, Nicaragua

, Panama, Cuba, Dominica

, Grenada , Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname,
Venezuela, Brazil

, Bolivia , Colombia, Ecuador, Peru 1

Distribution in the United States: None reported 2

Damage p otential of plant:

Ludwigia hyssopifolia is a weed of rice, ditches, ponds, roadsides, pastures, taro crops, swamps, stream edges, and is generally found in wet places. This herbaceous annual is an introduced invasive species in Fiji, Western Samoa, and Guam 4 . It is a weed of rubberplantations in Thailand 5

. L. hyssopifolia was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 6

. It is a pantropical weed that expands its range primarily by seed distribution. L. hyssopifolia is described as a serious weed in cropping systems requiring irrigation, such as rice, sugarcane, pineapples, sorghum, and taro 7

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricul tural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm

Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed June 19, 2007 online at http://www.ars -grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?403813

2. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 4490 USA. Accessed June 20, 2007 onlin e at http://plants.usda.gov/java

3. Akobundu, L. O. and Agyakwa, C.W. 1987. A Handbook of West African Weeds. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. (p. 76).

4. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Ludwigia hyssopifolia . Accessed June 29, 2007 online

at http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/ludwigia_hyssopifolia.htm

5. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J.
Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed June 20, 2007

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ludwigia_hyssopifolia/

6. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397.

7. Holm, L.G., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J. V., & Herberger, J. P. 1997. World Weeds: Natural histories and distribution. New York: John Wiley and Sons.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Ludwigia prostrata Rox b. 1

Family: Onagraceae 1

Synonyms: Jussiaea prostrata (Roxb.) Lév. Ludwigia diffusa Hem. Ludwigia fruticulosa Blume Nematopyxis fruticulosa Miq. Nematopyxis prostrata Miq. Nematopyxis pusilla Miq. 9

Common names: ding xiang liao 1

Distribution of plant:

China, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines 1

, Republic of Korea 6

, Japan, Taiwan 7

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

Ludwigia prostrata is serious weed in Japan and a principal weed in Taiwan 7 . This species was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential,damage potential and entry potential 4

. The Global Invasive Species Initiative includes L.

prostrata as a non

- native invader of natural area s 5

. A quarantine weed in Australia 2

, L.

prostrata is a n important weed of rice in Republic of Korea 6

. It disturbs crop production through competition with rice plants and veget ables for light and nutrients 8

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accesse d March 29, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462799

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 29, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ludwigia_prostrata/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS da tabase. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed March 29, 2011 online

at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. The Global Invasive Species Initiative. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://www.invasive.org/gist/global/au stralia/mel.html

6. R. Labrada. 2006. The need for improved weed management in rice. Weed Officer, Plant protection Service, FAO, Rome, Italy. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://www.fao. org/DOCREP/006/Y4751E/y4751e0l.htm

7. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

8. Reed, Clyde F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential Prob lems in the United States. Agricultural Research Service. APHIS. United States Department of Agriculture. pg. 446.

9. The Plant List (Version 1). 2010. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http: //www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro

- 23200199United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduc tion of quarantine pests into th e United States, § 319.37-2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importati on of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk an alysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the

determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze 1

Family: Menyanthaceae 1

Synonyms:

Limnanthemum cristatum (Roxb.) Griseb

. Menyanthes cristata Roxb. 1

Common names: shui pi lian 1

Distribution of plant:

China, Taiwan, India, Vietnam 1 , Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Australia 3

Distribution in the United States: Reporte d as present in Florida, South Carolina 4 , and Louisiana; also public comment on the May 11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United States. APHIS is considering this taxon for

official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

If introduced, what control measures are in place or being planned in each state?

Treatments with various forms and combinati ons of commonly used aquatic herbicides have not yielded long term success 5

Damage potential of plant:

Nymphoides cristata is a tropical/subtropical species aquatic plant that forms floatingmats with overlapping leaves that shade the water column nearly completely, altering the light regime and altering or reducing the growth of native aquatic species 5 . A Weed Risk Assessment developed by USDA ranked the probability that N. cristata may become a major invader as 52.2% or to become a Mi nor Invader as 45.1%, concluding with an overall risk potential ranking of “High Risk” 6

.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Nati onal Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed May 6, 2011 online at http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?419708

2. USDA, National Resources Conservation Serv ice. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed May 6, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

3. GBIF. 2009. GBIF, Online Database. Global Biod iversity Informati on Facility. Accessed May 6, 2011 online at http://data.gbif.org/species/15626208/

4. Kartesz, J.T. 2011. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). North American

Plant Atlas . Chapel Hill, N.C. Accessed May 6, 2011 online at http://www.bonap.org/BONAPmaps2010/Nymphoides.html

5. Burks, K. C. 2002. Nymphoides cristata (R oxb.) Kuntze, a Recent Adventive Expanding

as a Pest Plant in Florida. Castanea 67(2): 206-211

6. USDA Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL), Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspect ion Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 2011. Weed Risk Assessment for Mikania micrantha, Nymphoides cristata, Oplismenus hirtellus ss p. undulatifolius, Syzygium australe, and

Vitex rotundifolia November 29, 2010 Ver. 1. Raleigh, NC, U.S.AExcerp ted from Parker, Chris. 2004. Creation of a prioritization model to identify weeds of global significance:

Phase III , a project funded by USDA, APHIS. United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Oryza barthii A. Chev. 1

Family: Poaceae 1

Synonyms: Oryza breviligulata A. Chev. & Roehr. Oryza silvestris A. Chev. var. barthii A. Chev. Oryza mezii Prod. Oryza stapfii Roshev. Oryza perennis ssp. barthii (A. Chev.) A. Chev. 2

Common names: wild rice, riz de marais, riz vivace d'Afrique 1

Distribution of plant :

Botswana, Central African Republic, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe 1

, Uganda 3 , Burkina Faso, Niger 4 , Angola 5 , South Africa 6

Distribution in the United States: None reported 7

Damage potential of plant:

O. barthii was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic r ange potential, damage potential and entry potential 8

. Forming weedy hybrids with cultivated rice 1

, O.Excerp ted from Parker, Chris. 2004. Creation of a prioritization model to identify weeds of global significance:

Phase III , a project funded by USDA, APHIS. barthii is widespread in Africa, especially in West Africa. It is recorded as a principal weed of Nigeria 9 . It occurs in swamps, drains, slow-moving wate rs and in rice fields where it can be a major problem, particularly in direct -seeded rice. Furthermore it is easily distributed in contaminated rice seed. It is clearly a significant problem in a number of West African countries other than Nigeria, includi ng Gambia. 10, 11

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 18, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?26057

2. Clayton, W.D. 1970. Gramineae (Part 1) In: Milne-Redhead, E. and Polhill, R.M. (eds.) Flora of Tropical East Afri ca. Crown Agents, London. (pp. 29-30).

3. Launert, E. 1971. Gramineae (Bambusae – Pappophorae) In: Fernandes, A., Launert, E. and Wild, H. (eds.) Flora Zambesiaca Volume Ten Part One. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, London. (pp. 34-35).

4. Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. and Hepper, F.N. 1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Volume 3 Part 2. Crown Agents, London. (p. 367).

5. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 119).

6. Gibbs Russell, G.E, Watson, L., Koekemoer, M., Smook, L., Barker, N.P., Anderson, H.M. and Dellwitz, M.J. 1990. Grasses of Southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No 58. (p. 229).

7. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed March 18, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java

8. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386-397

9. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

10. Johnson, D.E. 1997. Les Adventices en Riziculture en Afrique de l’Ouest. Weeds of Rice in West Africa. WARDA/CTA/DFID. (pp. 176-177).

11. Terry, P.J. 1981. Weeds and their control in The Gambia. Tropical Pest Management 27:

44-52United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Phyllanthus maderaspat ensis L. 1

Family: Phyllanthaceae 1

Synonyms: none found

Common names: canoe weed 2

Distribution of plant:

Eritrea

, Ethiopia

, Somalia

, Yemen, Kenya

, Tanzania

, Uganda, Cameroon

, Rwanda

, Zaire,

Cote D'Ivoire

, Ghana

, Mali

, Niger

, Nigeria

, Senegal

, Togo, Angola

, Malawi

, Mozambique

, Zambia

, Zimbabwe, Botswana

, Namibia

, South Africa, Swaziland, Madagascar

, Seychelles, China, India

, Pakistan

, Sri Lanka, Australia, Indonesia 1 , Egypt,

and Sudan 2

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3 ; APHIS is consi dering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. P. maderaspatensis is a principal weed of Australia and Sudan 5

. It is poisonous to mammals 1

. Even within its native area, southern Africa, P. maderaspatensis is regarded as an undesirable plant, competing for resources and replacing preferred vegetation 6

.This spreading subshrub is a host of Achaea janata (Castor Semilooper) 8 and the powdery mildew Leveillula taurica 7 , plant pests of concern to the United State s.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?411707

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 333 3, Australia. Accessed February 2, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/phyllanthus_maderaspatensis/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February 2, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

T heir Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

6. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., E ngelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.

7. Farr, D.F., & Rossman, A.Y. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology

Laborat ory, ARS, USDA. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://nt.ars

grin.gov/fungaldatabases/

8. Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W., & Hernández, L. M.

2007. HOSTS

- a Datab ase of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants: Autographa gamma. London: Natural History Museum. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research

curation/research/projects/hostplants/list.dsml?PSpeciesqtype= starts+with&PGenus=Phylla nthus&PFamilyqtype=starts+with&sort=Family&Familyqtype=starts+with&beginIndex=3 0&Speciesqtype=starts+with&Genusqtype=starts+with&PGenusqtype=starts+with&search PageURL=index%2edsml%3fGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Familyqtype%3dstarts %2 bwith%26PFamilyqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26PGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort% 3dFamily%26PSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26P Genus%3dPhyllanthusUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests i nto the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to t he NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. 1

Family: Asteraceae 1

Synonyms:

Carduus acarna L. ((basionym)

Cirsium acarna (L.) Moench 1

Common names: soldier thistle 1

Distribution of plant:

Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey

, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy

, Romania, Yugoslavia

, F rance, Spain 1

, Australia

, Morocco, Afghanistan 2 , Portugal 3 , Balearics, Switzerland, Italy, Russia (Crimea), Sardinia 4

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

P. acarna was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 6

. P. acarna is recorded as a ‘principal’ weed of crops in Lebanon 2 . Parker describes P. acarna as a weed of roadsides, banks, waste areas, crops, and pastures 6 . When established, P. acarna competes with cereal crops and canchoke harvesting machinery. Its sharp spines are known to injure sheep and dogs. Since it is avoided by stock, the available gr azing area in infested pastures is reduced 7

.

References :

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Mar yland. Accessed March 24, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?401817

2. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons. 391 pp.

3. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 621)

4. Werner, K. 1976. 119 Picnomon Adans on. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. and Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). Cambridge University Press. (p. 242).

5. USDA, National Resources Cons ervation Service . The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed March 24, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

6. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Rank ing Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

7. Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G. 1992. Noxious Weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (pp. 223

- 224)United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn. 2

Family: Potamogetonaceae 1

Synonyms: Potamogeton franchetii A.Benn. & Baag 6

Common names: hiru

- mushiro 2

Distribution of plant:

Bhutan, China, Japan and Korea 6

Distribution in the United States: none reported 3

Damage potential of plant:

Potamogeton distinctus was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 4

. T his broadleaf perennia l weed is a weed of ponds and paddy fields 6 . It competes strongly with rice, lowering yields and impeding water, and is difficult to control due to deep distribution of rhizomes in the soil and strong ability for regrowth 5

. P. distinctus is a serious weed in Japan, a principal

weed in Korea 7 , and is included in the Western Australian prohibited list 2,8

.References :

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database ] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?462802

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Gl obal Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 29, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/potamog eton_distinctus/

3. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

4. Parker, C., Caton, B. P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

5. Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ): information on Potamogeton distinctus

. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core

themes/theme/biodiversity/weeds/listweeds/var2/en/

6. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS.

7. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

8. The Global Invasive Species Ini tiative. Rod Randall's Big Weed List. Accessed March 29, 2011 online at http://www.invasive.org/gist/global/australia/pol.htmlUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Potamogeton schweinfur thii A. Benn. 1

Family: Potamogetonaceae 1

Synonyms: none found

Common names: pondweed 2

Distribution of plant:

Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 5

Damage potential of plant:

Pota mogeton schweinfurthii , an aquatic perennial, is a principal weed of Tanzania 3,6

. This weed competes for space, light, water, and nutrients. It obstructs recreational access, water flow, navigation, and significantly increases water loss, vector sites, st agnancy, and loss of water quality. Its seeds are problematic as contaminants in crop seed 4

. P. schweinfurthii was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, g eographic range potential, damage potential and entry potential 7

.References :

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm

Resources Labora tory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?403677

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published b y R.G. and F.J.
Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 4, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/potamogeton_schweinfurthii/

3. Reed, C.F. 1977. Economically Important Foreign Weeds. Potential problems in the United States. Agricultural Handbook No. 498. USDA ARS APHIS. (p. 8)

4. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of probl em plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.

5. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 4490 USA. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

6. Holm, L.G., Pancho, J.V., Herberger, J.P. and Plucknett, D.L. 1979. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Wiley

- Interscience, New York. 391 pp.

7. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 20 07. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Praxelis clematidea R.M. King & H. Rob. 2

Family: Asteracea e 1

Synonyms: Eupatorium catarium Veldk 2

Eupatorium clematideum 3

Common names: praxelis 2

Distribution of plant:

Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, northern Argentina 1 , Peru 2

, China, Australia 2

Distribution in the United States: Orange County, Florida 4 ; P. clematidea is being considered for official control. ; APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Praxelis clematidea is an agricultural and environmental pest and may be poisonous to livestock and humans if ingested. It is closely related to Siam weed ( Chromolaena odorata) , one of the worst weeds in the tropics. P

. clematide a reproduces mainly by the production of a large number of seeds, which can be spread by wind, water, animals, and via human activity. The plant can also spread by vegetative means. It is a n invader of both disturbed and relatively undisturbed ecosystems and is able to survive on a range of soil types 1

. The weed can rapidly colonize bare earth following fire 1 and is prevalent inwoodland understories 2 , over -grazed pastures, grasslands, riverbanks, roadsides, and along railway and fence lines 1

. P

. clematide a could threaten and significantly increase the costs of managing such crops as bananas and sugar cane , as well as other crops 1

.

References:

1. Alert List for Environmental Weeds. “Praxelis ( Praxelis clematidea) Weed Management Guide”. Department of the Environment and Heritage and the CRC for Australian Weed Management, 2003. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://www.weeds.gov.au/publications/guideli nes/alert/p

- clematidea.html

2. Praxelis clematidea. King, R.M. & Rob, H. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/pier/species/praxelis_clem atidea.htm

3. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?447642

4. Kartesz, J.T. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2011. North American

Plant Atlas . Chapel Hill, N.C. [maps generated f rom Kartesz, J.T. 2010. Floristic Synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). (in press)]. Accessed March 4, 2011 online at http://www.bonap.org/BONAPmaps2010/Praxelis.htmlUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Rumex sagittatus Thunb. 1

Family: Polygonaceae 1

Synonyms: Acetosa sagittata (Thunb.) L. A. S. Johnson & B. G. Briggs 1

Common names: climbing dock

, rambling dock

, turkey

- rhubarb 1

, red sorrel 2

, arrowhead 5

Distribution of plant:

Lesotho

, Namibia

, South Africa, Swaziland 1

, Aust ralia & New Zealand 1

Distribution in the United States: none reported 6 ; APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damage potential of plant:

Rumex sagittatus is an aggressive weed that invades fore sts, grasslands, riparian habitats, freshwater wetlands, costal bluffs and dunes. This climbing, scrambling herb produces rhizomes with many tubers that dislodge easily, making control difficult 3,5 . It competes for space, light, water, and nutrients 4 . It grows rapidly and completely smothers herbs and shrubs, preventing any regeneration and reducing native species richness 3 . Consequently,

native fauna could suffer from loss of food and habitat 5 . This weed is reported to be poisonous 4

.References :

1. USDA, A gricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed March 17, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?418868

2. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J.
Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed March 17, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/rumex_sagittatus/

3. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World, a Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds. CABI Publishing, (p. 337 ).

4. Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, A.A., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 53. 658 pp.

5. Sutherland Shire Council. Weed Facts. Acetosa sagittata . Sutherland Shire Council,
2003. Accessed March 17, 2011 online at h ttp://83.139

- 26

- 211.corp.syd.iprimus.net.au/ssc/rwpattach.nsf/viewasattachmentPersonal/Weed+Fact+20 08+Turkey+Rhubarb.pdf/$file/Weed+Fact+2008+Turkey+Rhubarb.pdf

6. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. National Plant

Data Cente r, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed March 17, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/javaEx cerp ted from Parker, Chris. 2004. Creation of a prioritization model to identify weeds of global significance:

Phase III , a project funded by USDA, APHIS. United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data Sheet

July 17 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests into the United States, § 319.37- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following taxon should be added to the NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Senecio angulatus L.f. 1

Family: Asteraceae 1

Synonyms: none found

Common names: canary creeper, Cape ivy, climbing groundsel, creeping groundsel 2

Distribution of plant:

South Africa 1

, Australia, New Zealand 1 , Chile 3 , Italy 4 , France 5 , Spain 6

Distribution in the United States: None reported 7 ; however, public comment on the May

11 th , 2011 version of this data sheet suggests this taxon may be present in the United States. APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

Damag e potential of plant:

Senecio angulatus is a plant of scrub and grassland, forest edges, waste land, gardens, and roadsides. It tolerates salinity and is common in coastal wetlands, with seeds being dispersed by wind 8

. S. angulatus is described as a proli fic vine that forms large thickets

that both cover and smother native flora 2 . In New Zealand, where it became naturalised in 1940, it is listed as a weed of concern on conservation lands 9 . In Australia, where it has naturalized in Victoria, it is listed as a weed of concern on conservation lands 10 . In Europe, S. angulatus is recognized as an undesirable invasive on the island of Sardinia 4

.Ex cerp ted from Parker, Chris. 2004. Creation of a prioritization model to identify weeds of global significance:

Phase III , a project funded by USDA, APHIS. It is now naturalised in Chile 3 . It clearly has a very aggressive growth habit and is adapted to a wide range of habita ts.

References:

1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory (NGRL), Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed April 20, 2011 onl ine at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?447151

2. ISSG. (2010). The Global Invasive Species Database. Senecio angulatus . Accessed April 20, 2011 online at http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1603&fr=1&sts=&lang=EN

3. Teillier, S., Rodriguez, R. and Serra, M.T. 2004. Lista preliminary de plantas leñosas, alóctonas, a silvestradas en Chile continental. Chloris chilensis. Revista chilena de flora y vegetacion Año 6, No. 2.

4. Simonetta, B. & Malvina, U. 2006. Vascular flora of calcareous outcrops in NorthWestern Sardinia (Italy). Webbia 61: 95-132.

5. Brunel, S., & Tison, J.M. 2005. A method of selection and hierarchization of the invasive and potentially invasive plants in continental Mediterranean France. pp. 37- 45 In : Proceedings of the International Workshop Actes de l’atelier de travail international.
Meze, France.

6. Lumbreras, E. L., Botella, J. P. et al. 2009. Lampranthus glaucoides (Haw.) N.E. Br. ( L.

aurantiacus (DC.) Schwantes), neofito para la flora silvestre europea. Bouteloua 6 (11):

76-79.

7. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS database. NPDC, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Accessed April 20, 2011 online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

8. Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world. A reference guide to environmental weeds. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

9. Owen, S.J. 1996. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand: a database. 118p. Department of Conservation, Wellington. Accessed April 20, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/weedlists/other_areas/nz/nzecoweeds.htm

10. Csurhes, S. & Edwards, R. 1998. National Weeds Program. Potential environmental weeds in Australia. Candidate species for preventative control. Canberra, Environment

Australia.United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine



## Plants for Planting Quarantine Pest Evaluation Data S heet

March 30 th , 2012

In order to prevent the introduction of quarantine pests in to the United States, § 319.37

- 2a allows the APHIS Administrator to designate the importation of certain taxa of plants for planting as not authorized pending pest risk analysis (NAPPRA). APHIS has determined that the following

taxon should be added to th e NAPPRA category. In accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of that section, this data sheet details the scientific evidence APHIS evaluated in making the determination that the taxon is a quarantine pest plant.

Quarantine Pest Plant: Wikstroemia indica C.A

. Mey. 3

Family: Thymelaeaceae 3

Synonyms: Wikstroemia viridiflora Meissn 1

Wikstroemia shuttleworthiana Meisn

. nom. Illegal

Wikstroemia shuttleworthii Meisn Daphne foetida L.f. 5

Common names: tiebush 3 , bootlace bush, Indian stringbush, Indian wikst roemia, small

leaf salago (Philippines), stringbush 6

Distribution of plant:

China, Taiwan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines 3,7 , Australia, French Polynesia 7

, Mauritius 9,7 , Sri Lanka 7

Distri bution in the United States: none reported 4 ; APHIS is considering this taxon for official control under 7 CFR 360 (Noxious Weed Regulations).

D amage potential of plant:

This shrub was identified as a potential threat to United States ecosystems using a model that prioritized pest plants based on their invasive potential, geographic range potential,damage potential and entry potential 2

. Wikstroemia indica is a cultivated toxic weed that is poisonous to mammals 1 . The country of Mauritius lists W. indica as one of its worst invasive alien plants of biodiversity importance 8 . Many cases of poisoning by ingestion of

W. indica have been reported in Australia, especially among grazing animals, as well as the death of children from eating the berries. W. indica causes death by extensive hemorrhaging 9

.

References :

1. Randall, R.P. 2002. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Published by R.G. and F.J. Richardson, PO Box 42, Meredith, Victoria 3333, Australia. Accessed February 2, 2011

online at http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/wikstroemia_indica/

2. Parker, C., Caton, B.P., & Fowler, L. 2007. Ranking Nonindigenous Weed Species by

Their Potential to Invade the United States. Weed Science 55:386

- 397

3. USDA, Ag ricultural Research Service , National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm

Resources Information Network

- (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.ars

- grin.gov/cgi

- bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?411597

4. USDA, National Resources Conservation Service. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874

- 4490 USA. Accessed February 2, 2011

online at http://plants.usda.gov/java/

5. Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi

- bin/apx?taxon_id=34082

6. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Names Database. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Wikstroemia.html

7. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) database. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/wikstroemia_indica.h tm

8. Macdonald, I.A.W., Reaser, J.K., Bright, C., Neville, L.E., Howard, G.W., Murphy, S.J. and Preston, G. (eds.). 2003. Invasive alien species in southern Africa: National Reports & Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, So uth Africa. Accessed February 2, 2011 online at www.gisp.org/publications/reports/SOUTHERN.PDF

9. Dowling, R. 1985. Tiebush: An Old Problem for a New Industry. Queensland Agricultural Jou rnal , 11(2):121.