# Patent

## Title
User equipment apparatus and method for feeding back channel state information in a wireless communication system

## Abstract

A method for transmitting a Channel State Information (CSI) reporting at a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes transmitting a rank indicator (RI) and a first type precoding matrix indicator (PMI) to a base station (BS) according to a first CSI feedback type; transmitting a second type PMI to the BS according to a second CSI feedback type, wherein the RI and the first type PMI are jointly coded, and transmitted through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded, and transmitted through the PUCCH, wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is different than a transmission period of the second type PMI, and wherein the transmission period of the first type PMI is longer than the transmission period of the second type PMI.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/639,062 filed on Oct. 2, 2012, which is the National Phase of PCT/KR2011/002315 filed on Apr. 4, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/320,324 filed Apr. 2, 2010, 61/332,807 filed May 9, 2010, and 61/363,287 filed Jul. 12, 2010, and to Korean patent application No. 10-2011-0030168 filed on Apr. 1, 2011, the entire contents of all of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to a User Equipment (UE) apparatus and method for feeding back Channel State Information (CSI) in a wireless communication system.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
In a cellular Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication environment, data rate can be increased through beamforming between a transmitting end and a receiving end. It is determined based on channel information whether to use beamforming or not. Basically, the receiving end quantizes channel information estimated from a Reference Signal (RS) to a codebook and feeds back the codebook to the transmitting end.
A brief description will be given of a spatial channel matrix (also referred to simply as a channel matrix) for use in generating a codebook. The spatial channel matrix or channel matrix may be expressed as




  
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where H(i,k) denotes the spatial channel matrix, Nr denotes the number of Reception (Rx) antennas, Nt denotes the number of Transmission (Tx) antennas, r denotes the index of an Rx antenna, t denotes the index of a Tx antenna, i denotes the index of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol, and k denotes the index of a subcarrier. Thus Hr,t (i, k) is an element of the channel matrix H(i,k), representing the channel state of a tth Tx antenna and an rth Rx antenna on a kth subcarrier and an ith symbol.

A spatial channel covariance matrix R applicable to the present invention is expressed as R=E[H(i,k)HH(i,k)] where H denotes the spatial channel matrix, E[ ] denotes a mean, i denotes a symbol index, and k denotes a frequency index.
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is one of significant factorizations of a rectangular matrix, with many applications in signal processing and statistics. SVD is a generalization of the spectral theorem of matrices to arbitrary rectangular matrices. Spectral theorem says that an orthogonal square matrix can be unitarily diagonalized using a base of eigenvalues. Let the channel matrix H be an m×m matrix having real or complex entries. Then the channel matrix H may be expressed as the product of the following three matrices.

Hm*m=Um*mΣm*nVn*nH 

where U and V are unitary matrices and Σ is an m×n diagonal matrix with non-negative singular values. For the singular values, Σ=diag (σ1 . . . σr), σi=√λi. The directions of the channels and strengths allocated to the channel directions are known from the SVD of the channels. The channel directions are represented as the left singular matrix U and the right singular matrix V. Among r independent channels created by MIMO, the direction of an ith channel is expressed as ith column vectors of the singular matrices U and V and the channel strength of the ith channel is expressed as σi2. Because each of the singular matrices U and V is composed of mutually orthogonal column vectors, the ith channel can be transmitted without interference with a jth channel. The direction of a dominant channel having a large σi2 value exhibits a relatively small variance over a long time or across a wide frequency band, whereas the direction of a channel having a small σi2 value exhibits a large variance.

This factorization into the product of three matrices is called SVD. The SVD is very general in the sense that it can be applied to any matrices whereas EigenValue Decomposition (EVD) can be applied only to orthogonal square matrices. Nevertheless, the two decompositions are related.
If the channel matrix H is a positive, definite Hermitian matrix, all eigenvalues of the channel matrix H are non-negative real numbers. The singular values and singular vectors of the channel matrix H are its eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
The EVD may be expressed as

HHH=(UΣVH)(UΣVH)H=UΣΣHUH 

HHH=(UΣVH)(UΣVH)=VΣΣHVH 

where the eigenvalues may be λ1 . . . λr. Information about the singular matrix U representing channel directions is known from the SVD of HHH and information about the singular matrix V representing channel directions is known from the SVD of HHH. In general, Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) adopts beamforming at a transmitting end and a receiving end to achieve high data rates. If reception beams and transmission beams are represented as matrices T and W respectively, channels to which beamforming is applied are expressed as THW=TU(Σ)VHW. Accordingly, it is preferable to generate reception beams based on the singular matrix U and to generate transmission beams based on the singular matrix V.

The major considerations in designing a codebook are reduction of feedback overhead by using a minimum number of bits and accurate quantization of CSI to achieve a sufficient beamforming gain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies on a method for feeding back Channel State Information (CSI) at a User Equipment (UE).
Another object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies on a UE apparatus for feeding back CSI.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the objects that can be achieved with the present invention are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and other objects that the present invention can achieve will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The object of the present invention can be achieved by providing a method for feeding back CSI at a UE in a wireless communication system, including determining a Rank Indicator (RI) for a predetermined frequency band, selecting an index of a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) corresponding to the determined RI from a codebook set used for a transmission on the predetermined frequency band, and transmitting the RI and the index of the PMI to a Base Station (BS). The RI and the index of the PMI are jointly encoded prior to the transmission.
The joint-coded RI and index of the PMI may be transmitted in the same subframe to the BS.
The joint-coded RI and index of the PMI may be transmitted on a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) to the BS.
The method may further include receiving information about the predetermined frequency band from the BS and estimating a channel state between the UE and the BS in the predetermined frequency band. The RI may be determined based on the estimated channel state and the index of the PMI may be selected based on the estimated channel state.
The predetermined frequency band may be a wideband and thus the PMI may be a wideband PMI.
In another aspect of the present invention, provided herein is an apparatus for feeding back CSI at a UE in a wireless communication system, including a processor for determining an RI for a predetermined frequency band and selecting an index of a PMI corresponding to the determined RI from a codebook set used for a transmission on the predetermined frequency band, and a transmission antenna for transmitting the RI and the index of the PMI to a BS. The RI and the index of the PMI are jointly encoded prior to the transmission.
The UE apparatus may further include a reception antenna for receiving information about the predetermined frequency band from the BS. The processor may estimate a channel state between the UE and the BS in the predetermined frequency band, determine the RI based on the estimated channel state, and select the index of the PMI based on the estimated channel state.
According to various embodiments of the present invention, a UE encodes a Rank Indicator (RI) jointly with a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) and thus transmits the jointly-coded RI and PMI in the same subframe. Therefore, the feedback information is efficiently transmitted.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effects that can be achieved with the present invention are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an evolved Node B (eNB) and a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system according to the present invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate exemplary methods for generating a codebook.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a signal flow for an operation for feeding back joint-coded Channel State Information (CSI) at the UE.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a signal flow for an operation for receiving a long-term CSI feedback and a short-term CSI feedback at the eNB.
FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary CSI feedbacks from the UE.
FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate exemplary methods for feeding back CSI according to different Rank Indicator (RI) values.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The detailed description, which will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, rather than to show the only embodiments that can be implemented according to the invention. The following detailed description includes specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without such specific details. For example, the following detailed description is given under the assumption that a 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE) mobile communication system is being used. However, the description is applicable to any other mobile communication system except for specific features inherent to the 3GPP LTE system.
In some instances, known structures and devices are omitted, or are shown in block diagram form focusing on important features of the structures and devices, so as not to obscure the concept of the present invention. The same reference numbers will be used throughout this specification to refer to the same or like parts.
In the following description, a User Equipment (UE) is assumed to refer to a mobile or fixed user end device such as a Mobile Station (MS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), etc. and the term ‘Base Station (BS)’ is assumed to refer to any node of a network end, such as a Node B, an enhanced Node B (eNB or eNode B), an Access Point (AP), etc., communicating with a UE.
In a mobile communication system, a UE may receive information from a BS on a downlink and transmit information to the BS on an uplink. The information that the UE transmits or receives includes data and various types of control information. There are many physical channels according to the types and usages of information that the UE transmits or receives.
As examples of a mobile communication system to which the present invention is applicable, 3GPP LTE and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) communication systems will be described below.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an eNB and a UE in a wireless communication system according to the present invention.
While one eNB 105 and one UE 110 are shown in FIG. 1 to simplify the configuration of a wireless communication system 100, the wireless communication system 100 may obviously include a plurality of eNBs and/or a plurality of UEs.
Referring to FIG. 1, the eNB 105 may include a Tx data processor 115, a symbol modulator 120, a transmitter 125, a Transmission/Reception (Tx/Rx) antenna 130, a processor 180, a memory 185, a receiver 190, a symbol demodulator 195, and an Rx data processor 197. The UE 110 may include a Tx data processor 165, a symbol modulator 170, a transmitter 175, a Tx/Rx antenna 135, a processor 155, a memory 160, a receiver 140, a symbol demodulator 145, and an Rx data processor 150. While the antennas 130 and 135 are each shown as a single antenna in the BS 105 and the UE 110, they include multiple antennas. Hence, the BS 105 and the UE 110 support Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), specifically both Single User-MIMO (SU-MIMO) and Multi User-MIMO (MU-MIMO) in the present invention.
On the downlink, the Tx data processor 115 receives traffic data, processes the received traffic data through formatting, coding, interleaving, and modulation (i.e. symbol mapping), and thus outputs modulated symbols (or data symbols). The symbol modulator 120 processes the data symbols received from the Tx data processor 115 and pilot symbols, thus producing a symbol stream.
More specifically, the symbol modulator 120 multiplexes the data symbols and the pilot symbols and transmits the multiplexed symbols to the transmitter 125. Each transmission symbol may be a data symbol, a pilot symbol or a zero signal value. Pilot symbols may be transmitted successively during each symbol period. The pilot symbols may be Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) symbols, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) symbols, or Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) symbols.
The transmitter 125 converts the symbol stream into one or more analog signals and generates a downlink signal suitable for transmission on a radio channel by additionally processing the analog signals (e.g. amplification, filtering, and frequency upconversion). The downlink signal is transmitted to the UE 110 through the antenna 130.
The UE 110 receives the downlink signal from the eNB 105 and provides the received downlink signal to the receiver 140. The receiver 140 processes the downlink signal, for example, through filtering, amplification and frequency downconversion and converts the processed downlink signal to digital samples. The symbol demodulator 145 demodulates received pilot symbols and outputs the demodulated pilot symbols to the processor 155 for use in channel estimation.
The symbol demodulator 145 receives a frequency response estimate of the downlink from the processor 155 and acquires data symbol estimates (i.e. estimates of the transmitted data symbols) by demodulating the received data symbols using the frequency response estimate. The Rx data processor 150 demodulates the data symbol estimates (i.e. performs symbol demapping), deinterleaves the demodulated data symbols, and decodes the deinterleaved data symbols, thereby recovering the traffic data transmitted by the eNB 105.
The operations of the symbol demodulator 145 and the Rx data processor 150 are complementary to the operations of the symbol modulator 120 and the Tx data processor 115 of the eNB 105.
On the uplink, in the UE 110, the Tx data processor 165 outputs data symbols by processing received traffic data. The symbol modulator 170 multiplexes the data symbols received from the Tx data processor 165 with pilot symbols, modulates the multiplexed symbols, and outputs a stream of the symbols to the transmitter 175. The transmitter 175 generates an uplink signal by processing the symbol stream and transmits the uplink signal to the eNB 105 through the antenna 135.
The eNB 105 receives the uplink signal from the UE 110 through the antenna 130. In the BS 105, the receiver 190 acquires digital samples by processing the uplink signal. The symbol demodulator 195 provides uplink pilot symbol estimates and uplink data symbol estimates by processing the digital samples. The Rx data processor 197 processes the data symbol estimates, thereby recovering the traffic data transmitted by the UE 110.
The processors 155 and 180 control, adjust and manage operations of the UE 110 and the eNB 105. The processors 155 and 180 may be connected respectively to the memories 160 and 185 that store program code and data. The memories 160 and 185 store an operating system, applications, and general files, in connection with the processors 155 and 180.
The processors 155 and 180 may also be called controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The processors 155 and 180 may be configured in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of them. When a codebook is generated in hardware according to an embodiment of the present invention, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) which are adapted to implement the present invention may be included in the processors 155 and 180.
On the other hand, if a codebook is generated in firmware or software according to an embodiment of the present invention, the firmware or software may be configured to include a module, a procedure, a function, etc. which performs functions or operations according to the present invention. The firmware or software may be included in the processors 155 and 180, or stored in the memories 160 and 185 and invoked from the memories 160 and 185 by the processors 155 and 180.
The layers of radio interface protocols between a UE/eNB and a network may be classified into Layers 1, 2 and 3 (L1, L2 and L3) based on the three lowest layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. A physical layer corresponds to L1 and provides an information transmission service on physical channels. A Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer corresponds to L3 and provides radio control resources between the UE and the network. The UE/eNB and the network exchange RRC messages through the RRC layers.
One of the codebook design schemes proposed by or approved as recent communication standards such as those for mobile communication systems, LTE, LTE-A, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16m, etc. is a hierarchical codebook transformation scheme in which a long-term Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) and a short-term PMI are separately transmitted and a final PMI is determined using the two PMIs. In a major example of the hierarchical codebook transformation scheme, a codebook is transformed using a long-term covariance matrix of channels, as determined by the following equation, [Equation 1].

W′=norm(RW)  [Equation 1]

where W denotes a conventional codebook representing short-term channel information, R denotes the long-term covariance matrix of a channel matrix H, norm(A) denotes a matrix in which the norm is normalized to 1 for each column of a matrix A, and w′ denotes a final codebook achieved by transforming the conventional codebook W using the channel matrix H, the long-term covariance matrix R of the channel matrix H, and the norm function.

The long-term covariance matrix R of the channel matrix H may be given as




  
    
      
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where E[HHH] is decomposed into VΛVH in Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and σi and Vi are an ith singular value (i.e. an eigenvalue of an channel) and an ith singular column vector corresponding to the ith singular value, respectively (σ1≦σ2≦ . . . ≦σNt). Given a single Tx stream, for example, the codebook W is an Nt×1 vector and the transformed codebook w′ satisfies





  
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That is, the transformed codebook W′ is determined to be a weighted linear combination of singular vectors. Herein, the weighted factor of the singular column vector Vi is determined to be the product of the singular value σi and the correlation ViHW between the singular column vector Vi and the pre-transformation codeword W.
As a consequence, codewords are densely populated around a dominant singular vector having a large σi value in the codebook W′, thereby enabling more effective quantization.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate exemplary methods for generating a codebook.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, on the assumption that Nt is 2 for the sake of convenience, singular vectors and a codebook w are defined in a two-dimensional space. Although any other codeword distribution is possible, the codebook w may have a uniform codeword distribution as illustrated in FIG. 2 according to a policy to maximize the minimum distance between two codewords in a Grassmannian space where channels exist.
The codebook design policy performs well for uncorrelated channels, while it performs poorly for correlated channels. Moreover, since the correlation between a singular vector of instantaneous channels H and a singular vector of a spatial covariance matrix R is high for correlated channels, it is effective to adaptively transform the codebook according to the spatial covariance matrix R based on the relationship.
FIG. 3 illustrates a transformed codebook. As described before, new codewords are densely populated around a first dominant singular vector having a large σi value by applying a larger weighting factor to the first dominant singular vector. In this manner, as a first dominant singular vector of the long-term covariance matrix R of the channel matrix H is weighted with a higher weighting factor, the codebook W′ has codewords densely populated around the first dominant singular vector, as illustrated in FIG. 3. However, in order to generate a codebook having good performance, a minimum distance needs to be maintained between codewords, while the codewords are densely populated around a dominant singular vector.
For a high rank, that is, a rank of 2 or higher, the above codebook transformation scheme faces the problem that the column vectors of the transformed precoder W′ are not mutually orthogonal. Even though orthogonality is maintained between the column vectors of the transformed precoder W′, a non-unitary matrix is multiplied during the transformation and thus the orthogonality between the column vectors is impaired after the transformation. When the transformed precoder W′ is used for real implementation, non-orthogonality between beams carrying streams (represented as the column vectors of transformed precoder W′,) additionally causes inter-stream interference.
Moreover, since energy is distributed to a plurality of channels due to the increased rank, performance gain is decreased, relative to the conventional non-transformed codebook. For a low rank, codewords are densely populated in a strong channel direction. In this case, codewords representing channels accurately can be fed back, compared to codewords uniformly distributed in the Grassmannian space. On the contrary, for a high rank, the channel strength is steered not in a specific direction but distributed in a plurality of directions. Therefore, codewords uniformly distributed in the Grassmannian space, that is, pre-transformation codewords can still perform well. This implies that in case of a high rank, good performance can be achieved even though a long-term PMI is fed back with a low granularity using a relatively small number of codewords.
Accordingly, it may be preferable to use different codebooks according to ranks in calculating a long-term PMI. For a low rank, a long-term codebook needs to represent a particular channel direction elaborately and thus has a large size. For a high rank, a small-sized codebook with unitary matrices may be suitable to ensure orthogonality for the transformed precoder W′.
The present invention provides a method for changing a long-term PMI codebook according to a rank to ensure orthogonality for the transformed precoder W′. A codebook for long-term PMIs, C may include a codebook (i.e., Cumi) with unitary codewords and a codebook (i.e., Ccov) designed for feedback of long-term covariance channel matrices, as expressed as




  
    
      
        
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In [Equation 3], if feedback rank information, that is, an RI is equal to or less than k (k is a positive integer), the long-term PMI codebook may be limited to the codebook designed for feedback of long-term covariance channel matrices, Ccov. If the RI is larger than k, the long-term PMI codebook may be limited to the codebook with unitary codewords, Cumi.
The following description is given in the context that k=1, by way of example. If the RI is equal to or larger than 2, the long-term PMI codebook may be limited to the codebook including unitary matrices only, in order to make the columns of the transformed precoder W′ mutually orthogonal. The codebook Ccov may include a part or all of the codewords of the codebook Cuni or may be disjointed from the codebook Cuni.
Compared to the codebook Ccov that indicates a dominant channel direction and distributes the codewords of the transformed precoder W′ toward the dominant channel direction through combination with the predefined precoder W, the codebook Cuni primarily aims to ensure the orthogonality of the transformed precoder W′ and secondarily aims to increase the granularity of the unitary codebook by rotating the predefined precoder W. Therefore, it is typical that the codebook Ccov has a large size for accurate feedback and the codebook Cuni has a small size relative to the codebook Ccov. For instance, the codebook Cuni may include only one identity matrix (Cuni={I}).
Because one short-term PMI constitutes one perfect precoder in the LTE standard, control information and a control channel need to be newly defined for the LTE-A system in which a PMI is divided into a long-term PMI and a short-term PMI. In the legacy LTE system, a UE may periodically transmit CSI feedback information such as an RI, a PMI, and a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) on a Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH). Due to the limited payload size of the PUCCH, the UE transmits the RI, PMI and CQI on the PUCCH in different subframes. Four feedback types are defined according to CSI feedback information. In feedback type 3, the RI is fed back in a relatively long period relative to the PMI and the CQI and has a small payload size of up to 2 bits.
A newly added long-term PMI is also fed back in a long period. The feedback period of the long-term PMI may be equal to, shorter than, or longer than the feedback period of the RI. Hereinbelow, feedback types are proposed for the long-term PMI according to the RI feedback period and the long-term PMI feedback period according to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In accordance with an embodiment of CSI feedback according to the present invention, an RI and a long-term PMI may be fed back in the same feedback period. In this case, a UE may jointly encode an RI and a long-term PMI (e.g, an index of long-term PMI) and feed back the joint-coded RI and long-term PMI to an eNB. For a maximum rank of r, a joint-coded codebook C may be given as

C=C1∪C2 . . . ∪Cr,  [Equation 4]

where
C1=Ccov,
Ci=Cuni,
Cj is a long term PMI codebook for rank j, (1≧j≧r).
If the RI is 1, the UE selects a codeword from the codebook C1 and if the RI is i other than 1, the UE selects a codeword from the codebook Ci. Then the UE feeds back the selected codeword to the eNB. The payload size of the joint-coded codebook is computed by




  
    
      
        
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          included
          ⁢
          
            
          
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          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          
            C
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In [Equation 5], the ceiling function, ceiling( ) represents the least integer equal to or larger than the solution to an equation included in the bracket.
For example, if the maximum rank is 4, Ci={I}, (2≦i≦4), and s(C1)=13, a long-term PMI and an RI are jointly encoded to a 4-bit codeword as illustrated in Table 1 below.








TABLE 1





codeword
RI and long-term PMI







0000
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 0


0001
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 1


0010
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 2


0011
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 3


0100
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 4


0101
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 5


0110
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 6


0111
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 7


1000
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 8


1001
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 9


1010
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 10


1011
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 11


1100
RI = 1 and long-term PMI = 12


1101
RI = 2 and long-term PMI = I


1110
RI = 3 and long-term PMI = I


1111
RI = 4 and long-term PMI = I









Referring to Table 1, I represents an identity matrix. If the RI is 2 or higher, the UE may configure a long-term PMI codebook with an identity matrix. Then the UE may jointly encode the RI and a long-term PMI and feed back the joint-coded RI and long-term PMI to the eNB. In this manner, the joint coding-based CSI feedback method can be performed for downlink CSI feedback from a UE to an eNB. In this case, the UE and the eNB may operate in the procedures illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a signal flow for an operation for feeding back joint-coded CSI at the UE.
Referring to FIG. 4, the UE may receive a DownLink Reference Signal (DL RS) (S410). While not shown in FIG. 4, the eNB may signal to the UE information about a specific frequency band (herein, information about the specific frequency band is previously shared between UE and BS or, the UE may receive information about the specific frequency band from the BS) for which the UE is supposed to feed back CSI, or may preliminarily share the information about the specific frequency band with the UE.
The processor 155 of the UE may determine an RI by estimating the downlink channel state between the UE and the eNB (S420). The processor 155 may determine RI assuming transmission on the specific frequency band in step 420. Specifically, the processor 155 may determine the RI using a channel quality such as a Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), the correlation between channels received through multiple antennas, etc. in step S420. For a low rank, tank-1 transmission (i.e. RI=1) is optimal in theory and thus an RI of 1 may be selected. As the SINR increases, a higher rank approximate to a multiplexing gain (i.e. min(Nt, Nr)) may be selected. In addition, when antennas are near to one another or a signal does not scatter much between the UE and the eNB, a channel correlation is high and thus a high rank cannot be supported. Based on this property, the processor 155 of the UE determines an optimum rank (i.e. RI) in step S420.
The processor 155 may select a long-term PMI (e.g. an index of a wideband Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMT)) corresponding to the determined RI from the codebook set used for the transmission on the specific frequency band (S430). More specially, processor 155 of the UE may select a PMI (e.g. an index of the PMI) corresponding to the determined RI from a codebook set used for the transmission on the specific frequency band. For example, if the RI is 1, the processor 155 may select a codeword that maintains a minimum distance to a long-term covariance channel matrix from the codebook Ccov, and if the RI is larger than 1, the processor 155 may select a codeword that maintains a minimum distance to a long-term covariance channel matrix from the codebook Cuni, as described before with reference to [Equation 4].
The processor 155 jointly encodes the determined RI with the selected long-term PMI (S440). To be more specific, the processor 155 jointly encodes the determined RI with the index of the selected long-term PMI in step S440.
Subsequently, the UE feeds back the joint-coded RI and long-term PMI index to the eNB (S450). The joint-coded information may be fed back in a long period. The eNB may transmit information about the feedback period to the UE by higher layer signaling. The PMI described in steps S430 and S440 may be a wideband PMI. The UE may receive information about the specific frequency band (e.g. wideband) for determining RI and selecting PMI from the BS (not shown in FIG. 4). In general, a long-term PMI transmitted in a long feedback period is a PMI selected for a wideband. The reason for a long-term PMI being a wideband PMI will be described below.
Largely, two types of RSs are defined in a mobile communication system according to their purposes. One type serves the purpose of channel information acquisition and the other type is used for data demodulation. For acquisition of downlink channel information at UEs, RSs of the former type need to be transmitted across a wideband and even a UE that does not receive downlink data in a specific subframe should be able to receive and measure these RSs. Such RSs for channel measurement may also be used for measurement for handover. RS of the latter type are transmitted in resources allocated to a downlink signal that the eNB transmits to the UE. The UE may perform channel estimation using these RSs of the latter type and thus may demodulate data based on the channel estimation. Such demodulation RSs should be transmitted in a data transmission region.
Two new types of RSs are largely designed for the LTE-A system, Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) serving the purpose of channel measurement for selection of a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), a PMI, etc. and Demodulation RS (DM-RS) for demodulation of data transmitted through up to eight Tx antennas.
Compared to conventional CRSs used for both purposes of measurement such as channel measurement and measurement for handover and data demodulation in the legacy LTE system, CSI-RSs are designed mainly for channel estimation, although they may also be used for measurement for handover. Since the CSI-RSs are transmitted only for the purpose of acquisition of channel information, they may not be transmitted in every subframe, unlike the CRSs in the legacy LTE system. Accordingly, the CSI-RSs may be configured so as to be transmitted intermittently along the time axis, for reduction of CSI-RS overhead. When data is transmitted in a downlink subframe, DM-RSs are also transmitted dedicatedly to the UE for which the data transmission is scheduled. Thus, DM-RSs dedicated to a particular UE may be designed such that they are transmitted only in a resource area scheduled for the particular UE, that is, only in a time-frequency area carrying data for the particular UE.
As described above, the eNB transmits CSI-RSs intermittently along the time axis in a long period and that across a wideband for the purpose of channel estimation in the LTE-A system. That's why a long-term PMI is a wideband PMI.
Referring to FIG. 4 again, as the RI feedback period and the long-term PMI feedback period are same, the UE may feed back the joint-coded RI and selected PMI index to the eNB in the same subframe (S450).
Now a description will be given below of a method for calculating a short-term PMI and a CQI and feeding back the short-term PMI and CQI to the eNB by the UE. The processor 155 of the UE first performs codebook transformation using a long-term PMI codebook according to [Equation 1] to obtain a short-term PMI codebook W. The short-term PMI codebook W may be determined using a long-term RI as done in conformance to the LTE standard. After calculating an SINR or a transmission amount based on the transformed codebook W′, the processor 155 of the UE may calculate an optimum short-term PMI codebook W and a CQI. Because the short-term PMI codebook W and the CQI have a short feedback period, they may be transmitted once or more times within a long-term RI and long-term PMI feedback period. The processor 155 of the UE may use the latest long-term RI and long-term PMI in calculating the short-term PMI codebook W and the CQI.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a signal flow for an operation for receiving a long-term CSI feedback and a short-term CSI feedback at the eNB.
Referring to FIG. 5, the eNB may receive a long-term RI and a long-term PMI from the UE (S510). That is, the eNB receives the RI and PMI in a long feedback period. The eNB may receive a short-term PMI and a CQI from the UE (S520) and perform codebook transformation and CSI-based scheduling (S530). The eNB calculates the codebook W′ through codebook transformation in the same manner as done at the UE and performs scheduling using the codebook W′ and the CSI feedback (e.g. the CQI and the RI) received from the UE.
Embodiment 2
In another embodiment of CSI feedback according to the present invention, an RI feedback period may be longer than a long-term PMI feedback period. In this case, the UE transmits an RI and a long-term PMI in different periods. Thus the long-term PMI is fed back at least once within the RI feedback period. Like Embodiment 1 in which the RI feedback period is identical to the long-term PMI period, the long-term PMI (or wideband PMI) is determined according to the RI in Embodiment 2. However, the UE separately encodes the long-term PMI and the RI, rather than it jointly encodes them.
If the RI is 1, the UE sets the codebook Ccov as a long-term PMI codebook and feeds back a quantized codeword of long-term covariance channel matrix selected from the codebook Ccov to the eNB. If the RI is larger than 2, the UE sets the codebook Cuni as the long-term PMI codebook and feeds back a codeword selected from the codebook Cuni to the eNB. If Cuni={I} and the RI is not 1, the UE does not need to feed back a long-term PMI because the size of the codebook is 1. Instead, the UE may feed back other information such as a short-term PMI to the eNB in time-frequency resources allocated for transmission of a long-term PMI. In this case, the UE and the eNB may operate as follows.
In Embodiment 2, an RI is determined in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 in which the RI feedback period and the long-term PMT feedback period are identical as illustrated in FIG. 4. The processor 155 of the UE may determine the RI by estimating the downlink channel state between the UE and the eNB and may select a long-term PMI (or a wideband PMI) according to the RI. Then the UE may feed back the determined RI and the selected long-term PMI (i.e. the index of the selected long-term PMI) to the eNB.
If the RI is 1, the processor 155 may select a codeword that maintains a minimum distance to a long-term covariance channel matrix from the codebook Ccov, and if the RI is larger than 1, the processor 155 may select a codeword that maintains a minimum distance to a long-term covariance channel matrix from the codebook Cuni. In the latter case, if Cuni={I}, which implies that the codebook Cuni has only one codeword, the UE may use given time-frequency resources for another usage, instead of feeding back the long-term PMI. For example, the UE may feedback a short-term PMI in the time-frequency resources.
FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary CSI feedbacks from the UE.
Referring to FIG. 6, when there are a plurality of pieces of transmittable feedback information in addition to a short-term PMI, the UE also needs to indicate feedback information to the eNB. In FIG. 6, Ns, NL and NR represent a short-term PMI feedback period, a long-term PMI feedback period, and an RI feedback period, respectively and the short-term PMI feedback period is equal to a CQI feedback period.
An operation for calculating a short-term PMI and a CQI and then feeding back the short-term PMI and CQI at the UE will first be described below.
The processor 155 of the UE first performs codebook transformation using a long-term PMI codebook according to [Equation 1] to obtain a short-term PMI codebook W. The short-term PMI codebook W may be determined using a long-term RI as done in conformance to the LTE standard. After calculating an SINR or a transmission amount based on the transformed codebook W′, the processor 155 of the UE may calculate an optimum short-term PMI codebook W and a CQI. Because the short-term PMI codebook W and the CQI have a short feedback period, they may be transmitted once or more times within a long-term RI and long-term PMI feedback period. The processor 155 of the UE may use the latest long-term RI and long-term PMI in calculating the short-term PMI codebook W and the CQI. If the RI is larger than 1 and Cuni={I}, W′=W, which means that the codebook transformation scheme falls back to a codebook non-transformation scheme.
Now a description will be given of an operation for receiving a long-term CSI feedback and a short-term CSI feedback from the UE at the eNB. The eNB may receive a long-term RI in a longest feedback period and receive a long-term PMI in a feedback period shorter than the long-term RI feedback period. One thing to note herein is that for a high rank, a long-term PMT can be fixed to one specific value and does not need to be fed back. In this case, in given time-frequency resources from the UE, the eNB may receive, instead of the long-term PMI, a short-term PMI and a CQI or compensation factors to mitigate quantization error of CSI. After the eNB receives a short-term PMI and a CQI in a short feedback period from the UE, the eNB may calculate the transformed codebook W′ according to the codebook transformation scheme and then performs scheduling based on the codebook W′ and the CSI feedback received from the UE.
Embodiment 3
In a further embodiment of CSI feedback according to the present invention, an RI feedback period may be shorter than a long-term PMI feedback period. In this case, an RI may be fed back once or more times within the long-term PMI feedback period. A long-term PMI codebook that the UE feeds back can be limited to the codebook Ccov regardless of rank. In this case, if RI is less than predetermined value, a long-term PMI codebook may be used for actual codebook transformation, otherwise it is not, thus falling back to non-transformation codebook method.
If the UE feeds back downlink to the eNB in this manner, the UE and the eNB may operate as follows, by way of example.
In Embodiment 3, an RI is determined in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 in which the RI feedback period and the long-term PMI feedback period are identical as illustrated in FIG. 4. The processor 155 of the UE may determine the RI by estimating the downlink channel state between the UE and the eNB. However, the processor 155 of the UE may select a codeword that maintains a minimum distance to a long-term covariance channel matrix from the codebook Ccov, irrespective of the RI and may feed back the selected codeword to the eNB.
Now a description will be given below of a method for calculating a short-term PMI and a CQI and feeding back the short-term PMI and CQI to the eNB by the UE. The processor 155 of the UE first performs codebook transformation using a long-term PMI according to [Equation 1] to obtain a short-term PMI W. The short-term PMI codebook may be determined using a long-term RI as done in conformance to the LTE standard. A long-term PMI matrix multiplied by the short-term PMI codebook W is changed according to the RI in the following manner.
If the RI is 1, the processor 155 of the UE performs codebook transformation using the long-term PMI according to the method described in equation 1. If the RI is larger than 1, the UE just assumes that long-term PMI is identity matrix and processor 155 of the UE performs codebook transformation described in equation 1. After calculating an SINR or a transmission amount based on the transformed codeword W′, the processor 155 of the UE calculates an optimum short-term PMI W and a CQI based on the calculated SINR or transmission amount. Because the short-term PMI W and the CQI have a short feedback period, they may be transmitted once or more times within a long-term RI and PMI feedback period. If the RI is larger than 1 and Cuni={I}, W′=W, which means that the codebook transformation scheme falls back to a codebook non-transformation scheme. The processor 155 of the UE calculates an SINR or a transmission amount using the transformed codeword W′, and then calculate an optimum short-term PMI W and a CQI based on the calculated SINR or transmission amount. Because the short-term PMI W and the CQI have a short feedback period, they may be transmitted once or more times within a long-term RI and long-term PMI feedback period. The processor 155 of the UE may use the latest long-term RI and long-term PMI in calculating the short-term PMI codebook W and the CQI.
The eNB receives the long-term PMI in a longest feedback period from the UE. Herein, the eNB receives one or more RIs within the long-term PMI feedback period from the UE. The eNB also receives the short-term PMI and the CQI in a short feedback period from the UE. Then the eNB calculates the transformed codebook W′ in the same manner as done for codebook transformation at the UE and performs scheduling based on the transformed codebook W and the feedback CSI (e.g. the CQI and the RI).
In the above-described codebook configuration, a long-term PMI codebook is of size Nt×Nt and a short-term PMI codebook is of size Nt×r. Thus a final Nt×r codebook is created (r is a rank). Alternatively, an Nt×r codebook may be created by multiplying an Nt×r PMI codebook by an r×r PMI codebook. In this case, if the rank is equal to or larger than a predetermined value, an r×r PMI may be limited to an identity matrix or an r×r PMI may be used by limiting an identity matrix to a certain unitary matrix. For example, an Nt×r PMI represents the quantized values of dominant singular vectors V1, V2, . . . Vr, thus being an LTE Release 8 codebook.
While it has been described above that a long-term PMI and a short-term PMT are transmitted in different subframes, they may be simultaneously transmitted in the same subframe. Especially when the long-term PMI and the short-term PMI are channel information in the frequency domain, not in the time domain, they may be referred to as a wideband PMI and a subband PMI, respectively. The UE may transmit the wideband PMI and the subband PMI together to the eNB. If the UE transmits an RI independently on a PUCCH in a long period to the eNB, it may transmit three pieces of feedback information together, that is, a long-term PMI (or a wideband PMI), a short-term PMI (or a subband PMI), and a CQI together on the PUCCH in a short period to the cNB. The present invention provides two methods for effectively transmitting a short-term PMI, a long-term PMI, and a CQI, when a PMI codebook changes in size according to an RI in this environment.
FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate exemplary methods for feeding back CSI according to different RI values. In FIGS. 7A and 7B, NS and NR represents a short-term PMI feedback period and an RI feedback period. The short-term PMI feedback period is equal to a CQI feedback period and a long-term feedback period.
If the size of a codebook decreases with a higher rank, the payload size of a PUCCH carrying a PMI and a CQI may further be reduced for a high rank. For example, if for a rank of 5 or higher, the size of a 8-Tx codebook is fixed to a predetermined value, that is, if the 8-Tx codebook includes only one PMI for a rank of 5 or higher, the UE may feed back only a CQI in case of a rank of 5 or higher, as illustrated in FIG. 7A. When the payload size of a control signal is decreased according to a rank in this manner, the Bit Error rate (BER) of the CQI can be maintained in spite of a low CQI coding rate.
In the LTE system, although channel coding is performed for 11-bit PUCCH payload, if only a CQI is transmitted, the channel coding is performed for a 7-bit source (corresponding to 2 codeword transmission) or a 4-bit source (corresponding to 1 codeword transmission). Therefore, more robust coding is possible. Alternatively or additionally, for the same coding rate, transmission power may be decreased. For example, if a 7-bit CQI and a 4-bit PMI are allocated to a PUCCH, the PMI is fixed to one value for a predetermined rank, and thus 4 bits out of 11 bits of the PUCCH are fixed to certain bits until the next rank information is generated, while only 7 bits of the PUCCH are used, the same BER can be maintained even though the transmission power is decreased to a predetermined level, as illustrated in FIG. 7B. That is, despite the same coding rate, the same BER can be maintained through power deboosting.
Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carrying out the invention.
A UE apparatus and method for feeding back CSI in a wireless communication system according to the present invention are applicable to mobile communication systems such as 3GPP LTE, LTE-A, and IEEE 802.16 systems.
Embodiments described above are combinations of elements and features of the present invention. The elements or features may be considered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without being combined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of the present invention may be constructed by combining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of the present invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any one embodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that do not explicitly cite in each other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as an exemplary embodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim by subsequent amendment after the application is filed.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present invention. The above embodiments are therefore to be construed in all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

## Claims

1. A method for transmitting a Channel State Information (CSI) reporting at a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a rank indicator (RI) and a first type precoding matrix indicator (PMI) to a base station (BS) according to a first CSI feedback type; and
transmitting a second type PMI to the BS according to a second CSI feedback type,
wherein the RI and the first type PMI are jointly coded, and transmitted through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH),
wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded, and transmitted through the PUCCH,
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is different than a transmission period of the second type PMI, and
wherein the transmission period of the first type I is longer than the transmission period of the second type PMI.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the jointly coded RI and the first type PMI ar transmitted in a same subframe.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded and are transmitted in different subframes respectively.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining the RI for a transmission on a predefined frequency band; and
selecting the first type PMI or the second type PMI corresponding to the determined RI from a codebook set used for a transmission of the CSI reporting on the predefined frequency band.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, information about the predefined frequency hand, from the BS.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
estimating a channel state between the UE and the BS in the predefined frequency band,
wherein the RI determination comprises determining the RI based on the estimated channel state and the first type PMI or the second type PMI selection comprises selecting the first type PMI or the second type PMI based on the estimated channel state.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first type PMI or the second type PMI is a wideband PMI.

8. A user equipment (UE) apparatus for transmitting a channel State information (CSI) reporting in a wireless communication system, the UE apparatus comprising:
a transmitter configured to:
transmit a rank indicator (RI) and a first type precoding matrix indicator (PMI) to a base station (BS) according to a first CSI feedback type; and
transmitting a second type PMI to the BS according to a second CSI feedback type,
wherein the RI and the first type PMI are jointly coded, and transmitted through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH),
wherein the RI and a second type PMI are not jointly coded, and transmitted through the PUCCH,
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is different than a transmission period of the second type PMI, and
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is longer than a transmission period of the second type PMI.

9. The UE apparatus of claim 8, wherein the jointly coded RI and the first type PMI are transmitted in a same subframe.

10. The UE apparatus of claim 8, wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded and are transmitted in different subframes respectively.

11. The UE apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
a processor configured to:
determine the RI for a transmission on predefined frequency band, and

select the first type PMI or the second type PMI corresponding to the determined RI from a codebook set used for a transmission of the CSI reporting on the predefined frequency band.

12. The UE apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:
a receiver configured to receive information about the predefined frequency band from the BS.

13. The UE apparatus of claim 9, wherein at least one of the first type PMI or the second type PMI is a wideband PMI.

14. A method for receiving a Channel State Information (CSI) reporting by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a rank indicator (RI) and a first type precoding matrix indicator (PMI) from a user equipment (UE) according to a first CSI feedback type; and
receiving a second type PMI from the UE according to a second CSI feedback type,
wherein the RI and the first type MI are jointly coded, and received through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH),
wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded, and received through the PUCCH,
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is different than a transmission period of the second type PMI, and
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is longer than a transmission period of the second type PMI.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the jointly coded RI and the first type PMI are received in a same subframe.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded and received in different subframes respectively.

17. A base station apparatus for receiving a Channel State Information (CSI) reporting in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
a receiver configured to
receive a rank indicator (RI) and a first type precoding matrix indicator (PMI) from a user equipment (UE) according to a first CSI feedback type; and
receive a second type PMI from the UE according to a second CSI feedback type,
wherein the RI and the first type PMI are jointly coded, and received through a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH),
wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded, and received through the PUCCH,
wherein a transmission period of the first type PMI is different than a transmission period of the second type PMI, and
wherein a transmission period of the first type MI is longer than a transmission period of the second type PMI.

18. The base station apparatus of claim 17, wherein the jointly coded RI and the first type PMI are received in a same subframe.

19. The base station apparatus of claim 17, wherein the RI and the second type PMI are not jointly coded and are received in different subframes respectively.