San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

# Appendix E

Incentive	and	Other	Non‐Regulatory	Strategies

2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard SJVUAPCDSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard This page intentionally blank.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-1 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 

### Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies

Reduction of emissions through r egulatory efforts alone will no t bring the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (Valley) into at tainment of the national ambie nt air quality standards. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollu tion Control District (District ) has increasingly relied on its advocacy efforts to secur e state and federal funding source s, and locally-generated funding to implement incentive pr ograms that have become a cruc ial component of the District’s overall strategy for achieving the emissions reducti ons necessary to bring the Valley into attainment. In addi tion to incentive programs, the District has also implemented a number of other non -regulatory measures to reduce emissions, including implementation of a technology advancement program, establishin g legislative priorities, and implementing an extensive co mmunity outreach and education program.

E.1 DISTRICT INCENTIVE PROGRAMS

Incentive programs ar e an integral part of the District’s effor ts to reduce emissions. These programs provide an effective way to accelerate emissions reductions and encourage technology advancement, par ticularly from mobile sour ces, a sector not directly under the District’s r egulatory jurisdiction. Given t hat 85% of the NOx emissions in the Valley come from mobile sources, these successful volunt ary incentive grant programs help the Valley achieve highly cost-effective emission s reductions beyond the District’s regulatory bounds tha t are surplus of the reductions required by regulations.

The District operates one of the largest and most well-respecte d voluntary incentive programs in the state. Through st rong advocacy at the state an d federal levels, the District has appropriated $156 mi llion in incentive funding in the 2014–2015 District Budget. Since the District’s inc eption in 1992, considerable f unding has been expended in support of clean-air projects in the Valley. These projects have achieved significant
emissions reductions with corre sponding air quality and health benefits. The District typically requires match funding of 30% to 70% from grant recip ients. To date, grant recipients have provided $526,60 0,794 in matching funds, with a combined District and grant recipient funding investm ent of $1.2 Billion. These inve stments have been made to purchase, replace, or retr ofit thousands of pieces of equipm ent, including:

 6,667 Agricultural Engine Repowers

 2,296 Tractor Replacement Program

 6,388 Wood Stove Replacements

 56 Agricultural Utility Vehicles

 3 Advanced Transit & Transportation Projects

 6 Alternative-Fuel Infrastructure Projects

 18 Bicycle Infrastructure Projects

 177 Commercial Lawn and Garden Projects

 2,234 New Alternative-Fuel Ligh t Duty Vehicles (Public & Priva te)

 12 E-Mobility Projects

 50 Electric Forklifts

 15 Alternative Fuel Fueling Stations

 57 Hybrid and Zero-Emission Tr uck and Bus Voucher Incentive Pr ojectsSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-2 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard  3,910 Lawn Mower Replacements

 41 Locomotives

 1 Marine Vessel

 1,473 Off-Road Engine R epower/Retrofits

 5,082 Heavy-Duty On-Road Truck R epowers, Retrofits, Purchases and Replacements

 2,563 School Bus Retro fits and Replacements

 78 School Bus Tank Replacement

 15 Technology Adv ancement Program

 12 Transit Pass Projects

 87,512 Van Pool Subsidy Projects

The District’s incentive program s continue to be a model for ot her agencies throughout
the state. Recent audits noted the Distric t’s efficient and ef fective use of incentive grant funds in reducing air pollution . The District has collaborated extensively with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the United States Department of Agricul ture – Natural Resources Con servation Service (USDA-NRCS) to develop the mec hanism to take credit in state im plementation plans (SIP) for emission reductions generated through incentive progr ams that satisfy the four
federal criteria for SIP credit ability – surplus, quantifiable, enforceable and permanent.

E.1.1 Incentive Funding

The District is engaged at every l evel of state and federal gov ernment to craft policy and funding targets that account for the Valley’s unique challenges and need to accelerate emissions reductions, particularl y from sources not under the D istrict’s regulatory authority. Toward that end, the District is working closely wi th the Valley’s legislative delegation to ensure that the Va lley’s needs are well represent ed in discussions of where to focus funding throughou t the state and the region as a whole. In addition, the
District is focused on how to effe ctively allocate the limited funding received for its incentive programs.

E.1.1.1 Funding Sources

The District continues to dedicate significant effort to ensure that the Valley receives its
share of state and federal inc entive funds through a variety of sources. In addition to aggressively pursuing funding from state funding sources such a s the Carl Moyer Program and Lower-Emission School B us Program, the District has been very successful in securing grants fr om the highly-competitive feder al Diesel Emissions reductions Act (DERA) and the stat e Assembly Bill (AB) 118 Air Quality Improvement Program (AQIP). Currently, the District is actively engaged wi th ARB and the California Energy Commission (CEC) to ensur e that the Valley is well repre sented in projects
selections from the Greenhouse Ga s Reduction Fund totaling over $1 billion per year.

The District derives its curr ent incentive funding from a range of local, state and federal funding sources. These funding sour ces contain restrictions on the types of projects that may be funded, funding limitat ions, expenditure deadlines, and administrative approachSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-3 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard for distribution. These requirem ents vary significantly from o ne funding source to another, resulting in a complex m atrix of funding categories an d program requirements. Some of the key funding sources currently available to the Dist rict include:

Carl Moyer Funding - The Carl Moyer program has been an on-going and reliable source of funding since 1998. The Carl Moyer program was estab lished in 2004 with the adoption of AB 923 and Senate Bill (SB) 1107; the latter pr ovided increased and continued funding through 2014 and expanded the program to incl ude light-duty vehicle projects and agricultural sour ces of air pollution. In total, the District receives approximately $9 mil lion per year in Carl Moyer funding. Recen t legislation extended Carl Moyer funding until 2024.

State AB 118 Funding - In 2007, the California legi slature approved AB 118: the
California Alternative and Renew able Fuel, Vehicle Technology, Clean Air, and Carbon Reduction Act of 2007. AB 118 prov ides approximately $200 mill ion annually through 2015 for three new programs to f und air quality improvement pro jects and develop and deploy technology and alternativ e and renewable fuels. The bil l creates a dedicated revenue stream for the programs through increases to the smog a batement, vehicle registration, and vessel regist ration fees. AB 118 is designed to reduce emissions of criteria pollutant s and greenhouse gas emissions and to deploy advanced technology. Most AB 118 programs ar e administered on a statewide basis. Wh ile the District has administered some of the AB 118 pr ograms for the state, these p rograms have not been a significant portion of the Distr ict’s incentive program reven ue. However, in the future, these funds may be more import ant, particularly as the District becomes more involved in technology advancement project s. Recent legislation extende d AB 118 funding until
2024.

Proposition 1B Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program - The single largest source of funding for the Distric t’s incentive programs is the Proposition 1B program,
which uses bond funds for a vari ety of state transportation pri orities. The District aggressively pursued its share of Proposition 1B funding, and t he Valley will receive approximately $250 milli on over the life of th e program. The D istrict will receive its last allocation of Proposition 1B f unding in fiscal year 2015-2016.

Local Motor Vehicle Surcharge Fees – Through the passage of Assembly Bill 2522 in 2008 and in recognition of the n eed for additional funding to a ssist the Valley attain federal ambient air quality st andards, the District was provide d with the authority to generate grant revenues through the adoption of mot or vehicle s urcharges for the purpose of funding emission reduct ion projects. In October 201 0, the District acted on this authority and adopt ed a $12 per motor vehicle surcharge. This revenue source was then targeted to address the Vall ey’s unmatched challenges in m eeting ever-tightening federal standards as well as prov iding a more equitable manner to satisfy the federal
mandates for ozone nonattainmen t penalties under section 185. These revenues have been reinvested in the Valley to reduce emissions through a var iety of incentive grant programs that have replaced or r etrofitted trucks, passenger ve hicles, school buses, transit buses, and other mobile sources of emissions.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-4 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard The District has now had two cons ecutive years of no violations of the 1-hour ozone standard, and has requested that EPA find the Valley in attainm ent and lift the section 185 penalties. If successful, this would return local control over the decision relating to the need and quantity of m otor vehicle surc harges under AB 2522 . Given the identified
need for continued incentive f unding as a means for expediting attainment of the 1997 federal PM2.5 standard and garner ing the needed attainment exte nsion, the District is proposing to use a portion of thes e motor vehicle surcharge rev enues to fund an
emission reduction commitment in the plan. Therefore, it is re commended that the AB 2522 motor vehicle surcharge be di scontinued if and when the Go verning Board makes
a decision that such revenues a re no longer necessary to meet t he federal mandates for attaining the national ambi ent air quality standards.

E.1.1.2 Incentive Strategy

Each of the funding sources admin istered by the District includ es different guidelines and statutory requirements for using the funds. Beyond the spe cific guidelines of each funding source, the District consi ders the following common fac tors when deciding how and where to spend incentive funds:

Cost-effectiveness – An important factor when consid ering where to invest Distric t funds is determining which ty pes of projects and programs will give the District the greatest return on its investment. This is typically represent ed in dollars per ton of emissions reduced. While cost-effectiveness is a primary facto r, the District also considers projects that may no t have the highest cost-effective ness, but that provide other benefits, such as the advanc ement of new technology or co mmunity involvement.

Inventory of available projects – This factor is critical in all District incentive programs. To date, the District has been extr emely successful in designin g programs that have broad appeal and applicability acr oss multiple industries. Ove r the past 10 years, this
level of interest has resulted in a substantial backlog of elig ible projects waiting for funding. Unfortunately, many of t hose on waiting lists have si nce moved into a regulated class, making them inel igible for funding, in most ca ses. As a result, the District must continue to not only work within the existing reg ulations to find costeffective, surplus project cat egories, but also to focus future funding in areas where a significant inventory of eligib le projects still exists.

Required expenditure timeframes – Each funding source that the District administers generally requires obligation and ex penditure by certain deadli nes. These deadlines greatly impact funding priorities and choice of projects. The District may prioritize a funding category over o thers because of the timeframe associate d with a particular funding source. For instance, pri ority may be given to certain projects that can reasonably be expected finish pri or to the deadline for that sp ecific fund over other projects of equal relevance or cos t-effectiveness, but with lon ger expected completion times. Again, the flexibility o f this option works in concert with the dynamic nature of the incentive programs, projects, expenditure deadlines.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-5 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Upcoming regulatory deadlines – To ensure that incentiv e programs obtain the
maximum SIP-creditable emissi ons reductions, the District perfo rms a thorough analysis of all local, state, and federal regulations relating to the ta rget categories. In addition, the District works proactively with the regul ating agencies dur ing the rule development process to understand the potentia l impacts of that rule on inc entive projects and to ensure that opportunities for ear ly incentive funding are maxim ized. These analyses determine which types of proje cts can be funded, for how long p rojects can be funded, which also impacts the potentia l cost-effectiveness of those pr ojects.

Health benefits – In addition to emissions reduc tions needed to attain air qua lity standards, the District also seeks incentive projects that prov ide direct health benefits to Valley residents. For instanc e, the District’s Lower-Emission School Bus Program reduces exposure to children from toxic diesel particulates, ev en though this source is not one of the largest sources of regional partic ulate pollutio n.

Promoting technology advancement – Funding projects that demonstrate and
advance new emission reduction te chnologies will be essential f or meeting increasingly stringent air quality standards giv en the Valley’s existing cha llenges. The District’s adoption of the Technology Advance ment Program emphasizes the p riority given to this

area.

Environmental Justice – The District places a strong em phasis in providing funding in
a manner that benefits environmental justice communities. The District has worked cooperatively with the Environmental Justice Advisory Group to understand the Valley’s environmental justice issues and to craft programs that reduce emissions in these

areas.

Community involvement/benefits – The District develops and administers programs with an emphasis on community inv olvement. Some examples of th ese are the CleanGreen-Yard-Machine program, Drive Clean! Rebate program, Burn C leaner program, Transit Pass Subsidy program, and the Polluting-Automobile Scra p and Salvage

program.

E.1.1.3 Statutory Constrai nts on Incentive Funding

The District’s current incentiv e funding comes from a range of local, state, and federal funding sources. Each funding sour ce places restrictions on th e types of projects that may be funded, the fu nding limits, expenditure deadlines, and t he administrative approach for distribution. These requirements vary significant ly from one funding source to another, resulting in a complex matrix of funding cat egories and program requirements. Some key e xamples are listed below:

Proposition 1B Goods Movement – Funding for this program must be dedicated to heavy duty trucks and locomotives . The program procedures requ ire that a Requestfor-Proposals (RFP) process is u sed and that the most cost-effe ctive projects are
funded first.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-6 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Lower-Emission School Bus – Funding for this program must be allocated to school bus replacements or retrofits. T he program requires that all r etrofits be prioritized and that the oldest buses are replaced first.

Carl Moyer – Funding is predominately used for heavy-duty diesel equipment projects. The program has strict funding caps and cost-effectiveness requ irements.

DMV Funds – Funding must be used primar ily for on-road and off-road mobi le sources.
Portions of funds must follow st ate Carl Moyer and Lower-Emissi on School Bus guidelines.

Advanced Emission Reduction Option Funds – Funding is for emission reduction incentive projects. The District’ s Governing Board has discreti on as to where to apply these funds using the District’ s annual budget process to alloc ate this funding.

Indirect Source Review (ISR) Funds – Funding preference is given to emissions reductions opportunities near development projects.

E.1.1.4 SIP Creditability of In centive Programs (Rule 9610)

Historically, states and local air agencies have not been able to obtain SIP credit for
incentive-based emissions r eductions. When given SIP credit, i ncentive-based
emissions reductions can be used a longside regulatory-based emi ssions reductions to meet federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements, such as demonstr ating attainment with federal air quality standards at a future date or demonstrating that emissions reductions
meet federal SIP reasonable further progress requirements. Giv en the heavy investment from the public and pr ivate sectors in replacing equ ipment under these voluntary incentives, establis hing a general framework to recei ve SIP credit for these
emissions reductions was critica l for ensuring the continued su ccess of these programs. Working together with EPA, ARB, and the USDA-NRCS, the District adopted Rule 9610 (State Implementation Credit fo r Emission Reductions Generated Through Incentive Programs) on June 20 , 2013. District Rule 9610 establishes the administrative mechanism through which the Dist rict and ARB take SIP credit fo r emissions reduced through incentives. EPA proposed a lim ited approval of Rule 96 10 in May 2014 1 and finalized that approv al on April 9, 2015. 2

E.1.2 Incentive Programs

The District offers numerous incen tives programs to reduce emis sions from a variety of equipment types such as heavy duty engines, school buses, and l awn and garden equipment. The District places par ticular emphasis on providin g incentives to environmental justice communiti es. District staff will continu e to expand on the success

1 Revision to the California Stat e Implementation Plan; San Joaq uin Valley Unified Air Po llution Control District;
Quantification of Emi ssion Reductions from Incentives. 79 Fed. Reg. 96 pp. 25650-2 8658. (2014, May 19) http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR- 2014-05-19/pdf/2014-11481.pdf

2 Revision to the California Stat e Implementation Plan; San Joaq uin Valley Unified Air Po llution Control District;
Quantification of Emi ssion Reductions from Incentives. 80 Fed. Reg. 68 pp. 19020-1 9033. (2015, April 9) http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR- 2015-04-09/pdf/2015-07972.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-7 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard of its current programs and craf t new incentive programs for ad ditional emissions reductions from Valley sources. The following summarizes incen tive programs the District currently implements:

E.1.2.1 Heavy-Duty Trucks

The District has administered num erous incentive programs targe ted at on-road heavyduty trucks, one of the biggest sources of NO X emissions in the Valley. Through the state’s Proposition 1B Goods Movement Emission Reduction Progra m, Carl Moyer Voucher Incentive Program (VIP) , and other Distr ict-operated vo ucher incentive programs funded by gr ants from EPA and loca lly generated incent ive funds, the District has replaced hundreds of older, hi gh-polluting trucks with clea ner trucks certified to
meet the latest ARB emissions standards.

The District’s truck voucher p rograms have been designed to pro vide an alternative source of incentive funding for sm all businesses that do not qu alify for funding under the Proposition 1B Program. The Dis trict contracts with Valley dea lerships and makes the review and approval process effi cient and streamlined to provid e vouchers to truck operators.

E.1.2.2 Agricultural Pumping Engines

The District provides up to 85% funding for farmers looking to replace older, dirtier diesel engines with lo w-emission Tier 4 engi nes or zero-emissio n electric motors. Agriculture accounts for a majo rity of the local economy, and t his program not only provides for significant emissi ons reductions from agricultural operations, but provides economic relief to Valley farmers , ranchers, and dairy operator s. Eligible projects are funded with local, state, and feder al sources, including but no t limited to District ISR mitigation fees, Carl Moyer Pr ogram funding, AB 923 funding, Fe deral Designated Funding, and Federal Diesel Ai r Shed Grant funding. In the pas t, collaboration with the
California Public Utilities C ommission (PUC) and local utilitie s has allowed for additional
incentives on electric line ext ensions and special rate schedul es, enhancing participation in the Distric t’s replacement program.

Over the past fifteen years, t he District has funded the replac ement of over 6,600 agricultural pump engines, with mo re projects currently in the queue. Over 2,000 of these replacements involved repl acing older diese l engines with electric motors. The
District has seen an increased dem and for emissions-compliant d iesel-engine repowers to electric motors in recent y ears. This option is ideal for b oth parties, since the District
achieves the maximum emissions r eductions with electric motor r epowers and farmers lower their operating costs by s witching to electricity, a more affordable fuel source. The District will consider pursuin g a renewed public/private co llaborative partnership similar to the previously ment ioned partnership to provide furt her incentives for replacing remaining agricultura l internal combustion engines wi th electric motors, potentially including assistance for line extensions for remote ly located wells.

For a typical irrigation pump project, the District will verify that the old engine is operational and eligible. If so , the engine owner is offered t he incentive and has theSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-8 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard new engine or motor installed, m aking sure that the old engine is sufficiently disabled. The District conducts a post-ins pection prior to payment to doc ument the new engine or motor’s specifications and to ensure the emissions reductions a re accurate. Ongoing monitoring and reporting ensures t he projects meet contracted e missions reductions targets.

E.1.2.3 Agricultural Equipment

Off-road agricultural equipment r eplacements and repowers play a crucial role in reducing emissions. These equipm ent units, including tractors, backhoes, wheel loaders, and other off-road farmi ng vehicles are widely used in the Valley, and are essentially uncontrolled and unregul ated. Eligible projects ar e funded with local, state, and federal sources, including bu t not limited to ISR, Carl Moy er funding, AB923 funding, Federal Designated fundi ng, and Federal Diesel Air-She d Grant.

The District has funded the repower and replacement of over 3,5 00 off-road agricultural vehicles, with more projects currently in the queue. It is est imated that a large inventory of vehicles that qualify for repow er or replacement still exist s, and the program has the potential for significant and very cost-effective emissions red uctions. Whether a farmer wishes to repower the current equip ment with a cleaner engine o r replace the equipment altogether, this program allows the District to achie ve surplus emissions
reductions while also facilitati ng the early equipment retireme nt and fleet turnover, both
of which result in more effici ent farming operations with less overall hours of operation.

In both repower and replacement p rojects, the farmer enters int o an agreement with the District to replace the old, dir ty engine or vehicle with newer , cleaner technology. The District first performs a pre-ins pection to determine that the equipment and engine are operational. Then a final inspect ion is performed to verify th e new equipment, as well as witness the old equipment and engine’s destruction at a Dist rict-approved recycling or scrapping facility, ensuri ng the old equipment and engine wi ll never be put back into service. Ongoing monitoring and reporting ensure the expected emissions reductions and operation of the equipment m eet the grant agreement require ments.

E.1.2.4 Locomotives

The emissions from goods movemen t are a significant source of d iesel particulate matter (PM) in the Valley and t he state, and many of the larger cities in the Valley are home to locomotive rail yards. Locomotives, in particular, pre sent a considerable health
risk from diesel PM emissions. R esidential areas located close to rail yards have shown a significant increase in canc er risk and can equal or exceed t he regional background or regional health risk levels. T he locomotive component of the H eavy-Duty Engine Program awards up to 85% gran t funding for newer, cleaner diese l locomotive engines and locomotive replacements. Eli gible projects are funded with local, state, and federal sources, including but not limit ed to the Carl Moyer Program, t he Federal Diesel Air Shed Grant, and DERA funding.

The District has funded the repower or replacement of 41 locomo tives, with more projects currently in the queue . One of the major benefits to the locomotive repowerSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-9 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard and replacement program is incr eased efficiency and longevity a s a result of the revolutionary GenSet engine tec hnology. The GenSet system uses multiple smaller offroad tier-4 emission level engi nes mounted on a single chassis. This system allows for each of the engines to be fired up individually so that in low- power demand situations only one of the engines can be used, helping to reduce unnecess ary emissions. In addition, this system comes equi pped with idle reduction techno logy that will shut down the engine during periods of inactivity.

The District funds locomotive repow er or replacement projects t hrough an RFP procurement process, and review s and selects recipients based o n established scoring criteria. During the pre-inspec tions, all necessary locomotive engine information is verified by District inspectors and documented in digital photo graphs. Upon verification of all information, the District enters into an agreement with the recipient for the project. Once the replacement switcher loc omotive engine has been purcha sed and the original engine has been dismantled, the re cipient will complete and ret urn the claim-forpayment packet, and a post-inspec tion is performed, prior to pa yment, to verify the new information. Monitoring and repor ting continue for the duratio n of the agreement to
ensure the emissions reductions e xpected from the project occur

.

E.1.2.5 Forklifts

The District funds the replacemen t and retrofit of forklifts th rough its Large Spark-Ignited (LSI) forklift retrofit program and its Electric Forklift New-P urchase program. Because emission standards for new engine s in this source category have only been in effect for the past few years, a signific ant number of high-emitting units are still in operation and
available for retrof it. Operators can m eet the proposed in-use fleet-average emission standards by purchasing low- and zero-emission equipment and by retrofitting uncontrolled equipment in their fl eets. The use of new control led engines and the retrofit of existing engines can reduce fuel use and improve en gine life, thus creating cost savings that offset a por tion of the additional equipment cost. Eligible projects are funded with federal, state, and loca l sources, including Carl M oyer Program funds and motor vehicle surcharge fees.

The District has funded 50 forklift projects. The installation of a LSI retrofit system will improve engine operation and redu ce fuel use. Closed-loop fuel systems generally improve the engine’s overall effi ciency. There is an estimated 10% to 20% reduction in fuel consumption with engines u sing closed-loop systems. An el ectric forklift has as obvious advantage as an emission- free vehicle, but can typicall y cost $1,500 to $5,000 more than a comparable LSI forkli ft. However, since an electri c forklift has a longer
useful life and reduc ed fuel and maintenance costs, the electri c forklift can reduce lifecycle costs compared to a LSI forklift.

The forklift program is an over-t he-counter program, in that ap plications are continually accepted on a first-come-first-served basis. Contrary to many of the off-road or agricultural components in the H eavy-Duty Engine Program, a pre -inspection is not required for the new electric forklift component (LSI retrofits are pre-inspected to ensure emissions are real and quantifiabl e). After contracts are awar ded and the newSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-10 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard equipment is purchased and install ed, post-inspections are perf ormed to ensure
emissions reductions are accura tely recorded and ongoing monito ring and reporting are required to ensure the em issions reductions occur.

E.1.2.6 School Bus Replaceme nt and Retrofit

School bus replacements and retrofit s play a vital role in redu cing school children's exposure to both cancer-causin g and smog-forming pollution. Th e School Bus Replacement and Retrofit progr ams provide grant funding for new , safer school buses and air pollution control equipmen t (retrofit devices) on buses that are already on the
road. Public school districts i n California that own their bus es are eligible to receive funding. Eligible projects are funded with local, state, and f ederal funds including the Lower-Emission School Bus Program (Proposition 1B), DERA fundin g, and the
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA).

The District has provided funding to retrofit 2,216 school buse s and replace 494 school buses. New buses purchased to replace older buses may be fuele d with diesel or an alternative fuel, such as compr essed natural gas (CNG), provide d that the required emissions standards specified in the current guidelines for the Lower-Emission School Bus Program are met. Funds are a lso available for replacing on -board CNG tanks on older school buses and for updati ng deteriorating natural gas f ueling infrastructure. Commercially available hybrid-el ectric school buses may be elig ible for partial funding.

Eligible school buses are selec ted based on specific program re quirements, including replacing the oldest models first . After determining eligibili ty, school districts are awarded contracts that provide a reasonable time period for pro ject completion. A claim-for-payment form must also be submitted before funds can be awarded.

E.1.2.7 Community Incentives

While all of the District’s inc entive programs are open to resi dents of the Valley, there are a number of programs, such as the Heavy-Duty Engine Program and the Proposition 1B Goods Movement Emi ssion Reduction Incentive Prog ram, that are specifically design ed for Valley businesses. These programs fo cus on replacing or retrofitting large diesel-power ed equipment such as trucks, tra ctors, and agricultural irrigation pump engines. These programs are highly efficient a nd extremely costeffective. Of equal importance , the District currently operate s several incentive programs designed for the general public. These programs give the general public the opportunity to contribute to the goal of cleaner air for all Va lley residents. The District’s community incentives include a wide range of project types and source categories. Current community incentive pr ograms include the following:

Burn Cleaner Program – The Burn Cleaner Program hel ps Valley residents upgrade their current high-polluting wood-burning devi ces and open hear th fireplaces to cleaner
alternatives such as natural gas fired devices, and EPA certifi ed wood and pellet stoves. In 2014 the District implement ed additional upgrades to the Bur n Cleaner Program to
make it more accessible and to inc rease the incentive amounts w ith great success. Through this program, the District offers a financial incentive to Valley residents with anSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-11 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard increased incentive amount availabl e to low-income qualified ap plicants through a streamlined voucher program that i nvolves partnering with inter ested retailers. The program has upgraded over 6,380 wood-burning devices, and conti nues to receive a steady stream of applicants.

Polluting Automobile Scrap and Salvage (PASS) – The PASS program currently
offers financial incentives for participants to repair or repla ce their high emitting vehicle and formerly provided funding for a vehicle retirement option. To date the program has replaced 310 high-emitting vehicl es with newer, cleaner vehicle s, retired 504 additional vehicles, and repaired 13,931 v ehicles. The PASS program has p rimarily been supported with locally generated incentive funds; however, a po rtion of the funding for vehicle repairs was funded through the Reformulated Gasoline Se ttlement Fund created as a result of an antitrust class action. The District expects funding for additional vehicle replacement projects to be provided through the State’s Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program.

Clean-Green-Yard-Machine (CGYM) – The CGYM program helps clean the Valley’s air through incentives for resident s to retire their old high-p olluting gas mowers in favor of nonpolluting, electric mowers. The program has used locally generated incentive funds as well as funding from the State’s AQIP. The CGYM progr am has successfully replaced over 3,910 gas lawn mo wers with clean electric models.

Drive Clean! Rebate Program – D rive Clean! Rebate Program – This grant program encourages Valley residents to dri ve advanced, clean vehicles, including electric and
other alternative-fueled vehicl es. Since the launch of the Dri ve Clean! Rebate Program in March 2012, the District has issued 1,322 rebates, totaling more than $3.5 million in grant funding.

Alternatives to Professionally Ma naged Pyrotechnic Firework Dis plays – In 2012, the District provided incentive funding for a pilot program to demonstrate clean laserlight shows as an alternative to pyrotechnics for July 4 th celebrations.

Public Benefit Grants Program – The Public Benefit Grants Program is one of the District’s newest incentive progr ams and provides funding to Va lley cities, counties, and other public agencies for a wide variety of clean-air, public-b enefit projects. Eligible applicants are cities, counties, s pecial districts (e.g. water districts and irrigation districts), and public educational instituti ons (e.g. school di stricts, community colleges, and state universities) loc ated within the Valley.

REduce MOtor Vehicle Em issions (REMOVE) – The REMOVE program provides incentives for specific project s that will reduce the Valley’s motor vehicle emissions, including e-mobility (video-tele communications), bicycle infras tructure, alternative fuel vehicle mechanics training, and public transportation and commu ter vanpool subsidies. The program allocates funds to cos t-effective projects that hav e the greatest motor
vehicle emissions reductions res ulting in long-term impacts on air pollution problems in the Valley. All projects must hav e a direct air quality benefi t in the Valley.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-12 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard The current incentive prioriti es are reflected in the 2014-2015 District Budget’s incentive spending plan and include funding fo r the following incentives:

Community Incentives Drive Clean! Rebate Progr am (passenger vehicles) Vehicle Scrap and Repair (Tune In Tune Up) Burn Cleaner (residential woodburning) Lawn Mower Replacement REMOVE (vanpools, bikepaths, etc.)

Goods Movement Proposition 1B Heavy Duty Trucks
Locomotives

Heavy Duty Equipment Programs Agricultural Equipment Replacement Agricultural Irrigation Pumps
Truck Voucher and Reuse Construction Equipment Replacement Refuse Fleet Replacement

Advanced Transportation/Vehicles
Public Benefit Grants Hybrid Voucher Program (HVIP “Plus-Up”)

School Bus Replacement and Retrofit School Bus Replacement/Retrofit Statewide Retrofit Program

Regional Assistance Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Assistance

Technology Advancement Technology Advancement Program
Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and GardenSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-13 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.2 TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT

The District Governing Board appr oved creation of the Technolog y Advancement Program in March 2010 to accelera te development of technologies that can help reduce air pollutant emissions in the Valley. Meeting EPA’s increasin gly stringent ozone and PM2.5 air quality stand ards will require significant advancemen ts in low-emissions technologies from mobile and st ationary sources. The Technolog y Advancement Program provides a strategic and comprehensive means to identif y, solicit, and support technology advancement opportunities. Ongoing refinement of th e program’s technology focus areas targets ef forts to achieve the greatest impact on the Valley’s
attainment and other health-bas ed goals under the District’s oz one and PM2.5 attainment plans.

Technology development can benefi t regional and state air quali ty. Strategies for reducing emissions in the Valle y can be enhanced through partne rships and
collaborations with ot her air districts and state agencies. Th e District is currently collaborating with the California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQ MD) to prepare a document to o utline a common
vision for attainment of feder al air quality standards, as well as greenhouse gas goals and reduced exposure to toxics . The market penetration of tran sformative technologies will be a critical component of r ealizing a common vision, and the Technology Advancement Program will help to identify and support upcoming technology opportunities.

E.2.1 Technology Focus Areas

The District has structured the Technology Advancement Program to encourage participation within three focus areas:

I. Renewable Energy . Renewable energy projects will focus on overcoming the barriers that prevent the use or adoption of zero-emission rene wable energy
sources or reduce emissions from renewable energy systems to ma ke them cleaner than comparable non-renewable alternatives.

II. Waste Solutions . Waste solutions will focus on waste systems or technologies
that minimize or elim inate emissions from e xisting waste manage ment systems and processes, including waste-to -fuel systems such as dairy di gesters and other bio-fuel applications.

III. Mobile Sources

. Mobile source projects will dem onstrate zero- or near-zeroemissions solutions to mobile s ource categories with emphasis o n goods and people movement, off-road equipmen t, or agricultural equipment.

These focus areas represent the current needs of the Valley; th ey also reflect the types of proposals previously receiv ed by the District within this an d other programs. Throughout implementation of this PM2.5 plan and future air qua lity plans, the DistrictSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-14 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard will continue to evaluate and, i f necessary, update these techn ology focus areas to address to the Valley’s ai r quality challenges.

E.2.2 Future Demons tration Projects

In 2014, the District solicited pr oposals for projects, receive d 35 proposals, and expects the total funding for selected pr oject to be approximately $4 m illion. In addition to directly funding demonstration pr ojects, the District actively seeks opportunities to collaborate with technology innov ators in seeking additional fu nding. An example of this type of funding is the District’s administration of the Zero-Em ission Commercial Lawn and Garden Technology Demonstrat ion, funded with State Air Qual ity Improvement Program funds.

Moving forward, District sta ff will continue to search for oppo rtunities to support projects that build the air quality tec hnology research and demonstratio n capacity of colleges and universities in the Valley. T his emphasis will improve the ability of local institutions to engage in future clean-technology projects that are specific ally suited to the Valley’s needs. To accomplish this, staff has adapted the Technology Ad vancement Program scoring criteria so that project s that incorporate local colleg es and universities will score higher than those that do not.

E.2.3 Demonstration Projects in Process

The District’s Technology Advanc ement Program has had four roun ds of funding and received over 130 proposals for clean technology projects. As of 2013, the District selected 27 of the pr oposed projects for funding, for over $7 m illion in support of clean technology demonstrations. The fo llowing 11 projects, out of t he 27 selected, are in process and moving forward, or co mpleted with reports posted to the District’s web

page:

Engine, Fuel, and Emissions E ngineering, Inc. (EF&EE) Renewable Energy and Waste So lutions Technology Focus Areas The EF&EE project is demonstrati ng a compact SCR device on a bi ogas-powered engine to be installed at Joseph Ga llo Farms in Atwater, CA. S ource testing has shown the system operating at u ltra-low NOx levels 3 . The system includes advanced exhaust thermal controls, monitoring, and reductant met ering equipment to prevent ammonia slip and reduce or eliminate t he need for an ammonia slip catal yst. The slip catalyst is the primary source o f NOx emissions in ot her SCR systems, and t his new systems
thermal control with advanced mete ring is significantly NOx emi ssions.

This new technology has a low cos t relative to the emission red uctions, result in good cost-effectiveness. Additionally , EF&EE theorizes that the exh aust thermal management necessary for the advanc ed catalyst optimization wil l have the result of making the catalyst resistant to siloxanes in the source gas. Additional demonstration

3 Demonstration Of A Compact SCRTM System Meeting 0. 07 lb/MWh Nox In A Biogas Engine Final Report. Report from the contract team. (2014 , June 24). Funded by and prepar ed for the San Joaquin Valley Technology Advancement Program. Available at: http://valleyair.org/grants/documents/technologyadvancement/C4236_EF&EE_FinalReport.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-15 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard will be necessary to determine if this siloxane tolerance will allow for a more costeffective application of this technology to other waste gas sou rces such as wastewater treatment plants and landfill gas.

The technology demonstrated has the potential to impact a large number of biogas projects in the Valley, and with statewide efforts being made t o increase the number of biogas projects, this project is highly relevant to our plannin g process and offers additional co-benefits in g reenhouse gas reductions.

Association of Compost Producers Mobile Sources and Waste Solutions Technology Focus Area The Association of Compost Produc ers has designed and tested an aerated static pile method of composting for a large- scale composting facility. Th e system consists of three components: substitution o f diesel-powered loaders with e lectronic conveyor systems to build piles; the use of solar-powered electric blowe rs to replace dieselpowered windrow turners during t he active phase of composting; and the use of finished compost biofilter covers, w hich reduce VOC emissions.

The prototype aerated static p ile method and conv entional windr ows of the same age
and feedstock were maintained for one month, during which time emissions of VOCs, ammonia and greenhouse gases were sampled using flux chambers. 4 Emissions from the prototype method during the active composting phase were si gnificantly reduced for total non-methane, VOCs, ammonia , and NOx compared to the contr ol windrows. The project also reduced the amoun t of fuel, water, and land necess ary for active-phase composting.

Sun-Maid Growers of California Waste Solutions Technology Focus Area
Sun-Maid Growers has modified and tested a mobile prototype dev ice called the Burn
Boss® Air Curtain Burner. Sun-Maid tested this device as an al ternative to typical open burning practices for paper raisi n trays, in order to reduce vi sible smoke emissions as well as PM2.5 resulting from t he burning of paper raisin trays used during the grape harvest. The technology has been shown to significantly reduce visible smoke and NO X emissions compared to open burning 5 . The grape harvest coincides with District’s highest ozone levels; reductions of these emissions greatly ben efit air quality.

Solar Storage Company Renewable Energy Technology Focus Area The Solar Storage Company proje ct will demonstr ate a renewable solar-power generation system as an alternativ e to diesel power for agricul tural irrigation pumping systems, especially those system s in remote locations. The dem onstration system uses a thermal-solar concentration syst em with two reciprocating ste am engines and a

4 Greenwaste Compose Site Emissions Reductions fr om Solar-Powered Aeration and Biofilter Layer. Report from the contract team. (2013, May 1 4). Funded by and prepared for the San Joaquin Valley Technology Advancement Program. Available at: http://www.valleyair.org/Grant_Pro grams/TAP/documents/C-15636-A CP/C15636_ACP_FinalReport.pdf

5 Evaluation of Burner Boss ® Air Curtai n Burner. Project Number C-15612-A. Available at: http://www.valleyair.org/Grant_Programs/TAP/documents/C-15612-S unMaid/C-15612_Sun-Maid_FinalReport.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-16 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard pressurized steam storage system . This technology will provide an alternative to electrifying pumping systems, whi ch is not cost-effective in si tuations where electricity is not close by or infrastructure is not in place. The project wi ll be installed in parallel with a diesel backup-power system to operate the pump at times when there is a need for emergency freeze protection occu rring with two cloudy days in a row. Meteorological conditions that prevent the solar use in such cases are rare an d only accounts for 1% of the pumping time of a typical agr icultural irrigation pump. As a result, the project will
result in a 99% reduction in emiss ions including diesel particu lates, NO X , and greenhouse gasses.

This project has potential for r educing criteria pollutant emis sions, as well as the potential to reduce greenhouse gase s, while expanding renewable energy options.
Successful demonstration of the te chnology may prove a low-cost thermal storage alternative for additional appl ications, thus reducing the barr ier to adoption of solar thermal technology.

California Bioenergy Renewable Energy and Waste So lutions Technology Focus Areas The California Bioenergy project will optimize and expand the e missions control systems used at the Bidart Dairy d igester in Bakersfield, Calif ornia. The digester gas system currently uses a non-select ive catalytic reduction (NSCR ) system. The project will tune the NSCR system to achieve very low NO X emissions and install a second after-treatment system that uses hydrogen selective catalytic r eduction to reach nearzero NO X emissions.

The District is interested in t he success of clean bioenergy pr oduction through the use of biowaste, particularly in terms of developing ultra-low-NO X technologies to mitigate the potential impact from the la rge-scale development of these types of projects. Projects such as this one, if su ccessful, move the Valley close r to that goal. The ability of digester projects like this to reduce greenhouse gas emissio ns provides co-benefits important for program acceptance.

US Hybrid Corporation Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area US Hybrid, in collaboration with CALSTART, will to convert a Te rex wheel loader to plug-in hybrid operation for fuel savings and emission reductio ns. Hybrid-electric technology, which is already ava ilable in the light-duty vehicl e category, has only recently been applied to off-road vehicles. This project will advance the use of this technology for this off-road cat egory and quantify the emission reductions associated with the system. The wheel load er will be tested at Maddox Far ms, a dairy located in Fresno County. The hybridized v ehicle includes electric-only o peration, idle elimination, and power for electric attachments.

The outcome of this project has the potential to affect a large segment of the off-road vehicle emissions inventory and is very relevant to the attainm ent planning process. Additionally, the expected fuel s avings will also reduce the lo ng-term cost of ownership for the technology.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-17 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Electricore, Inc. Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area Electricore, Inc. will build and demonstrate a zero-emission, c ompletely autonomous agricultural spray vehicle. Ele ctricore will work with Trexa, LLC, who has developed a low-cost, commercial, electric off-road vehicle platform that w ill be combined with a commercial orchard pull-rig agric ultural spray trailer. Electr icore will oversee the
demonstration at Paramount Farms in Kern County. The vehicle w ill operate autonomously based on robotics dev eloped by the Robotics Instit ute at Carnegie Mellon University.

Successful implementation of th is technology could have an impa ct on the inventory of emissions from agricultural trac tors, which are numerous in the Valley. Likewise, the
reduced fuel use and the asso ciated greenhouse gas reductions p rovide co-benefits beyond criteria pollutant emissions reductions.

US Hybrid Corporation Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area US Hybrid, in partnership with CALSTART and Rous h, will demonst rate a plug-in electric-hybrid propane utility tr uck using a Ford F-250 truck base. US Hybrid will demonstrate and test the utility tr uck at Maddox Farms near Riv erdale, California. The demonstration and testing will identify NO X emission reductions, greenhouse gas reductions, and fuel savings.

The outcome of this project has the potential to affect a large segment of the on-road vehicle emissions inventory in lig ht of the extensive use of ut ility trucks in agriculture and other industries. Likewise, t he reduced fuel usage, use of propane, and the associated greenhouse gas reductions provides co-benefits beyon d criteria pollutant emissions reductions. The expected fuel savings will also redu ce the long-term cost of ownership for the technology.

City of Manteca Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area The City of Manteca will demonstrate two new Autocar Xpeditor E 3 refuse vehicles
fitted with Parker RunWise advanc ed series hybrid-drive technol ogy to reduce diesel fuel consumption, associated NO X , and other emissions, by up to 45%. The City will purchase the trucks from Autocar and subcontract with infoWedge to install monitoring equipment and collect data from t he hybrid truck and a conventi onal diesel truck, for comparison purposes. infoWedge wil l characterize the drive cyc le; monitor a 30-day demonstration of the hybrid tru ck; monitor and report emissions testing; and monitor long-term (6 months) demonstrati on to evaluate usage patterns, fuel consumptions, and
maintenance needs.

Successful implementation of this project will show the ability to reduce emissions through reduced fuel use in the medium heavy-duty diesel truck off-road category. The
reduced diesel fuel use also r educes greenhouse gas emissions a nd lowers overall, long-term operating co sts for end users.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-18 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Capstone Turbine Corporation Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area Capstone Turbine Corporation is demonstrating a class 7 CNG-pow ered turbine range
extender electric truck. The tru ck features an all-electric tra ction drive syst em, capable of handling the transient load requi rements while the microturb ine operates at its optimal modes for range extensio n. The electrical system will a lso be capable of operating a truck refrigeration unit eliminating the use of an auxiliary power unit.

Leslie’s Floral in Bakersfield will demonstrate the demonstrati on unit in deliveries ranging from Fresno to Bakersf ield. This will demonstrate both the benefit of this level of hybridization as well as the ability for the unit to handle lon ger over the road driving
conditions.

Biogas & Electric, LLC Renewable Energy and Waste So lutions Technology Focus Areas Biogas & Electric is demonstrat ing its NOxRx eng ine after-treat ment system at the
Bakersfield Wastewater Treatme nt Plant #3. The NOxRx system is based on wet scrubber technology, using fluids fr om the digester as the scru bbing liquor. Since the technology is not catalyst based it would be resistant to gas i mpurities that would be expensive to remove as is nece ssary other competing technologie s. The goal of the project is to demonstrate a system with low operational costs c apable of meeting
ultra-low NOx emissions.

Transportation Power, Inc. Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area Transportation Power, Inc. is dem onstrating a zero-emission ele ctric yard tractor for use
at IKEA’s distribution center i n Lebec. The electric yard tract or would replace diesel rigs currently used to move trailers around the facility. Key innova tions that will be demonstrated with this project inc lude improved vehicle efficie ncy and battery charging capability. This will enable t he tractors to support the demand ing two-shift tractor operations at the regional distri bution center, with 8-10 hour shifts and only about 1 1/2
hour between shifts.

Colony Energy Partners Renewable Energy and Waste So lutions Technology Focus Areas Colony Energy Partners is in the process of devel oping the Tula re Anaerobic Digester Facility and proposes to develop and demonstrate a novel packag ed hardware system for gas purification and injecti on into the natural gas pipelin e. The packaged hardware will have a smaller footprint, and enable much simpler future i nstallations. Gas cleaning systems, which are used to upgr ade biogas to pipeline quality f or export to the utility, prevent emissions from the alter native use of the gas in powe r production systems. Development of a packaged combinat ion of hardwar e capable of co st-effective gas purification may prov ide an option for reducing future emission s from power generation that use gas from digester systems.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-19 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard The Greenstation LLC Mobile Sources Technology Focus Area
The Greenstation is demonstrati ng a backpack battery powered le af blower in Fresno and Visalia using the most advanc ed battery and blower technolo gy available designed for commercial use. The project w ill integrate the blower units into the daily institutional grounds maintenance schedules and dem onstrate the technology wi ll be capable of replacing high emitti ng gasoline powered leaf blowers in commer cial lawn maintenance operations. Given the neighborho od-level impacts of convention al gas powered lawn maintenance equipment, developmen t of zero emissions alternativ es has the potential of providing signifi cant health benefits to Valley residents an d lawn care workers.

E.2.4 Interagency Collaborat ive Demonstration Projects

In addition to projects select ed through the request-for-propos als process, the District has partnered with ot her air quality agencie s in the state to d emonstrate new and emerging technologies.

Restaurant Charbroiler Technology Partnership
Emission Control Device Ma nufacturers, Restaurant s, and South Coast Air Quality Management Di strict (South Coast) A variety of technologies for c apturing emissions from under-fi red charbroilers have been developed or improved in recen t years. To prove these tech nologies at working
restaurants and to ease the transit ion to these controls, the D istrict is seeking a small group of Valley restaurant partn ers to participate in a new dem onstration program. Participating restaur ants will be provided funding for the full cost of purchasing, installing, and maintaining in stalled systems during a demonstr ation period covering two years of operation. The Distr ict opened a request for qualifica tions to identify eligible equipment manufacturers on May 7 , 2014, and has identified a li st of eligible devices and manufacturers. Work is ongoing with partner restaurants to install and demonstrate these systems.

These demonstrations will build upon previous and ongoing labor atory testing focused on control technology for under-f ired charbroilers. South Coas t released a program opportunity notice for this test ing project in October 2011 to solicit proposals from
control device manufacturers. District staff assisted in revie wing the submitted proposals and making recommendati ons on which manufacturers sho uld be allowed to
submit their device to the testi ng protocol at the University o f California, Riverside College of Engineering - Center for Environm ental Research and Technology test kitchen facility. This technolog y demonstration effort is test ing promising prototype emission control devices, which will support future regulatory efforts at both South
Coast and the District.

Zero-Emission Commercial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration
California Air Resources Board
The Cordless Zero-Emission Comme rcial Lawn and Garden Equipment Demonstration Program will provide eligible cor dless zero-emission commercial lawn and garden equipment to commercial landscape professionals (participants) who conduct businessSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-20 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard within the Valley. The cordless zero-emission lawn and garden equipment must be designated commercial-grade and used by commercial landscape pr ofessionals to complete multiple small to l arge gardening tasks over an eight- hour workday period. Eligible equipment may include , but is not limited to, lawn mow ers, edgers, trimmers/brush cutters, hedge c lippers, blowers/vacuums, sweepe rs, and chainsaws.

The District opened a Request for App lications on August 20, 20 12. Participating equipment manufacturers/vendors (t echnology demonstrators) were responsible for providing the equipment; trainin g to participants on the safe a nd efficient operation of the equipment and maintenance; and providing materials necessar y for daily operation. The participants were to use the equipment in real-world settin gs to verify equipment durability and performance, battery capacity, and battery charg e time. In addition, the participants were responsible for providing monthly data and fe edback to the District and technology demonstrators a nd may have the opportunity to ke ep the equipment upon submittal of all required dat a and information for the pro gram. The Cordless ZeroEmission Commercial Lawn and Gar den Equipment Demonstration Pro gram successfully ended in June 2013 with a total of 4 technology de monstrators, 60 participants and 445 pieces of equi pment for in-use testing. T he program demonstrated the performance and durability of electric equipment in non-res idential applications to accelerate marked acceptance and build upon the progress alread y made in the
residential sector.

Natural Gas-Fired, Fan-Type Central Furnaces with Reduced NO X

Emissions South Coast Air Quality Management District
South Coast conducted a demonstrat ion project focused on protot ype natural gas-fired fan-type central fur naces with reduced NO X emissions. South Coast released a program opportunity notice for th is demonstration project in Fe bruary 2010, which solicited a number of proposals fr om furnace manufacturers and gas industry technology developers in partnership with fu rnace manufacturers . This technology
assessment of reduced NO X central furnaces was initi ated with the November 2009 amendment of South Coast Rule 1111 (NOx Emissions from Natural Gas-fired, Fan type Central Furnaces). The District co-funded this technology asse ssment with the SCAQMD and Southern C alifornia Gas Company (SoCal Gas). The Di strict provided $50,000, SCAQMD provided $1 million , and SoCal Gas provided $45 0,000 in funding. The technology assessment proje ct was completed in the first qu arter of 2014.

The goal of this technology assess ment was to demonstrate reduc ed NO X furnaces capable of meeting an emi ssions goal of 14 nanograms NO X per joule of useful heat.
Based on the results of the fur nace demonstration project, the technology required to
meet new NOx standards will be a vailable by 2015. As a result of the study findings,
the District amended Rule 4905 in January 2015 and incorporated more stringent NOx emissions limits for units subj ect to the rule and expanded app licability to include units
installed on commercial buildin gs and on manufactured homes.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-21 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Qualit y and Climate Planning South Coast Air Quality Management Dist rict and California Air Resources Board While the District’s air quality challenges are significant, ma ny aspects of those challenges are not unique, and they are not isolated to the bou ndaries of the Valley air basin. Strategies for reducing em issions in the Valley are enh anced through partnerships and collabor ations with other air districts and st ate agencies. The District seeks out opportunities for such collaborations to build strong relationships and even stronger attainment strategies.

In 2011, ARB, with the assistanc e of the District and South Coa st AQMD, developed the
Vision for Clean Air: A Framework for Air Qua lity and Climate Planning . The goal of this
collaboration is to dra ft a common vision for mobile and statio nary source strategies that integrate the need to meet feder al air quality standards for PM 2.5 and ozone, the need to reach California’s greenhouse gas goals, and the need to red uce public exposure to toxics (e.g. diesel particulate s). This collaborative effort w ill take advantage of the efficiencies inherent in dealing wit h these three issues as int er-dependent problems with inter-dependent solutions.

Through the Vision for Clean Air effort, the three agencie s have been evaluating pollutant reductions needed to mee t overlapping air quality req uirements for 2019, 2023, 2035, and 2050. These reduc tions will depend on the inte gration of
transformative measures and emer ging technologies (including ze ro- and near-zero emission goods movement) with l ong-range planning and control s trategies. Critical to the attainment of targets will be the evaluation of the potenti al policies, legislation, infrastructure, and efficiencies that will ensure that South Co ast, the Valley, and California are prepared to meet the long-term goals.

E.3 LEGISLATIVE STRATEGY

Each year the District Governing B oard adopts a l egislative pla tform to guide District advocacy and policy efforts. T hrough state and federal lobbying efforts and delegation visits to Washington D.C., the Dis trict informs elected officia ls about Valley needs and concerns based on the priorities established in the legislative platform. With persistence, the District has s ecured support and additional in centive funding for programs critical to emissions red uctions in the Valley. The l egislative platform includes both legislative priorities and positions on anticipated federa l legislation. The following is a summary of the legislativ e priorities and District positio ns on anticipated federal legislation. For complete deta ils refer to the District’s legi slative strategy, adopted in January 2015. 6

6 SJVAPCD. Item Number 10: Approve the District’s 2015 Legislati ve Platform and take positions on anticipated federal air quality legislative proposals. (22, January 2015) . Available at: http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2015/January/final/10.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-22 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.3.1 Streamline Implementation of the Clean Air Act

Since its adoption, the Clean Air Act has led to significant im provements in air quality and public health benefits thr oughout the nation. However, as an area in the nation with mature local air quality managem ent programs, the Valley has re ached the point of diminishing returns. After more than 20 years since the last a mendments to the CAA in 1990, experience shows that many well-intentioned provisions ar e leading to
unintended adverse c onsequences. The antiquat ed provisions of the Clean Air Act are now leading to confusion, and la ck of updated congressional dir ective has rendered courts as policy makers.

The District supports the well-i ntentioned concepts in the CAA that call for routine review of health-based air qua lity standards, clean air objecti ves that are technologyforcing, and clean-air deadlines t hat ensure expeditious clean- up and timely action. The
District recommends the CAA be am ended to allow for considerati on of the following critical factors in establishing attainment deadlines and imple mentation milestones for
new standards:

 Upcoming health standards and a ssociated deadlines are impossi ble to meet.

 The current five year review o f standards is too short and has led to overlapping requirements and chaotic transit ions between standards.

 Requiring contingency measures i n extreme nonattainment areas is irrational and

unnecessary.

 Section 185 of the CAA, which r equires businesses in “Severe” and “Extreme” non-attainment areas to pay non- attainment penalty fees, is unf air and
ineffective.

 The CAA requirements for Severe and Extreme ozone nonattainmen t areas to
address vehicle-related emission s growth must be clarified.

 Transition to health risk-based approach in lieu of the curren t mass based approach.

E.3.2 Increase State Subvention Funding to Provide More Support for Unfunded
Mandates

Local air pollution control and air quality management district s receive subvention funds to support important local air p rogram activities. These funds are allocated from the Motor Vehicle Account through the budget of the California Envi ronmental Protection Agency, under the Air Resources Board section. Local subventio n funds were initially provided in 1972, and were increas ed several times to address t he costs of inflation. Despite a significant increas e in unfunded mandates, for over t wenty years there have been no adjustments fo r inflation, or added responsibilities. The District, therefore, supports an increase in subventio n funds to help offset increas es in costs and responsibility. The District cur rently receives $900,000 per y ear which is less than 2% of the District’s annual operating budget.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-23 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.3.3 Policies/Guidelines fo r the Carl Moyer Program

The Carl Moyer Program has been a valuable source of incentive funds to obtain voluntary emissions reductions fr om mobile sources of emissions . Assembly Bill 8 was recently adopted to extend funding for the Carl Moyer program t hrough 2023. The following policies should guide t he state as new guidelines/req uirements are developed for the program through the new sunset date:

 The focus of the Carl Moyer Pro gram should continue to be the reduction of criteria pollutants. Efforts to include greenhouse gas emissio ns projects should only be considered as co-benefits to projects tha t are principa lly designed for the reduction of criteria pollutant emissions.

 Regional funding formulas should continue to utilize a region’ s non-attainment status, and the severity of the air quality problem, as the pri mary factor in determining the regional breakdo wn of statewide Carl Moyer fund ing.

 With respect to regulatory deadl ines, incentive funding should be decoupled from regulatory enforcement. Project s that provide cost-effective a nd surplus
emission reductions should be el igible for funding regardless o f compliance status with respect to regulatory deadlines.

E.3.4 Cap and Trade Revenues

The cap and trade program implem ented by ARB sets up a mechanis m by which affected sources can procure al lowances or offsets to meet spec ified and declining caps on their greenhouse gas emission s. This scenario can potential ly lead to adverse impacts in areas that are already disproportionately impacted b y criteria pollutant emissions. The Cap and Trade Progr am generates in excess of $1 billion annually.
The state allocates these funds to programs across a number of state agencies. The following overarching policies sh ould be applied as the state c onsiders funding projects and programs from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund:

 Projects funded with Cap and Trade revenues should achieve gre enhouse gas reductions, with priority given to projects that achieve reduct ions in criteria pollutants as well.

 A portion of Cap and Trade rev enues should be directed to proj ects in areas that are already disproportionately impacted by air pollution.

 Policies should be put in place to ensure that programs funded with Cap and
Trade revenues meet or exceed the provisions of Senate Bill 535 that require a minimum of 25% of the Cap and Trade revenue be spent to benefit disadvantaged communities and t hat 10% of the revenue be spent in those communities. In determining w hat communities are disadvantaged , the state is required to prioritize communiti es that face significant enviro nmental challenges as well as economic challenges.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-24 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.3.5 Oppose Climate Change Measu res that Result in Public Heal th Detriment
Due to Increases in Criteria or Toxic Air Emissions

Although climate change measures provide for many co-benefits i n reducing both greenhouse gasses and crit eria pollutant emissions, there are s ome measures that may
lead to increases in criteria pollutant or toxic emissions. Th erefore the District will support reasonable climate protecti on measures that reduce gree nhouse gas emissions
as well as toxic and criteria pollutants. The District will op pose climate change
measures that are detrimental to public health by leading to in creases in toxic or criteria pollutant emissions in already impacted areas.

E.3.6 Disadvantaged Community Policies

The Valley is home to a number of disadvantaged communities tha t deserve care and
attention. The District will ad here to the following principle s in pursuing efforts to identify and address the needs of these communities:

 The District will support measures that improve quality of lif e and economic welfare. In identifying communiti es of need, both socioeconomi c and environmental impacts should be considered. The District suppo rts CalEPA’s
California Communities Environm ental Health Scr eening tool (Cal EnviroScreen) as the appropriate tool for identif ying disadvantaged communiti es.

 The District considers poverty a s a key factor contributing to diminished public health and will oppose efforts that lead to “redlining” these c ommunities and inhibit economic growth.

 The District will support effor ts to target additional state a nd federal resources to mitigate issues faced in disadvantaged communities.

 The District will oppose measures that dilute local control by diverting local revenues or the authority over th e expenditure of local resourc es to the state or federal government. Reduced loc al control will weaken local en forcement programs. Local agencies are better suited to efficiently and effectively identify and address community needs.

E.3.7 Seek Funding and Other S upport from ARB and EPA to Instal l and Operate Additional Air Quality Monitori ng Instruments throughout the Va lley

The District operates one of the most extensive air monitoring networks in the nation.
Data from these monitors is ut ilized to measure progress and as sess the need for
further reductions needed to atta in federal air quality standar ds established by EPA.
The District is also committed to providing accurate and timely air quality information to educate and empower the public to p rotect themselves during poo r air quality episodes. This is accomplished utilizing the air monitoring data through the District’s first-in-thenation Real-Time Air Advi sory Network (RAAN).

Installation, operation and main tenance of the Districts air mo nitoring network is
resource intensive. The Distric t’s annual operati ng appropriat ion for air monitoring is approximately $2.9 million. The increase in federal mandates r elating to air monitoringSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-25 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard (more monitors and more labor int ensive QA/QC and reporting pro cedures for existing monitors) combined with the need for more monitoring capabiliti es to satisfy the District’s initiative to provi de neighborhood by neighborhood a ir quality information require additiona l resources.

E.3.8 Support Efforts that Provi de for Cost-Effective Alternati ves to Open Burning of Agricultural Waste

In 2003, state law was amended to require the District to the l imit open burning of agricultural material in acco rdance with a phas ed-in schedule o f deadlines. In addition to those requirements, the stat e law authorizes the District to postpone the burn prohibition dates for specific ty pes of agricultural material i f the District makes three specific determinations and the ARB concurs. The determination s are: (1) there are no economically feasible alternativ es to open-burning of the speci fic type of material; (2) open-burning the specific type of material will not cause or su bstantially contribute to a violation of a federal air qua lity standard; and (3) there is n o long-term federal or state funding commitment for the conti nued operation of biomass facil ities in the Valley or the development of alternatives to burning. Working closely with t he stakeholders over the years to identify economically fe asible alternatives to open bu rning of various agricultural materials, the Dis trict has achieved an 80% reduct ion in agricultural burning.

Given current energy policy in C alifornia, biomass power facili ties, which are one of the primary alternatives to agricul tural burning, are in jeopardy. Many biomass plants in the Valley are nearing the end of thei r long-term contracts with ut ilities and find themselves in a position where the power t hat they provide is not the type of power that utilities are seeking and that the prices being offered for new contracts are too low to support their operations.

The District will support efforts to help level the playing fie ld and provide fair competition between biomass plants and other renewable s ources of power. T he District will also support research and developmen t of alternatives to the open bu rning of agricultural

waste.

E.3.9 Technolog y Advancement

The Valley is classified as an Extreme non-attainment area for ozone. This means that that technology does not current ly exist to bring the region in to attainment of the federal ozone standard. Meeting the new est air quality standards will require transformative measures and technologies to a chieve near zero emissions. In o rder to further develop technology to close the gap in required emissions reductions, t he District operates a Technology Advancement Program. A long with its own resources, the District is seeking state and federal assist ance to advance technology in t he following areas:

 Mobile sources projects that dem onstrate zero- or near-zero-em issions solutions to mobile source categories wit h emphasis on goods and people m ovement, offroad equipment, or agricultural equipment.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-26 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard  Renewable energy projects that f ocus on overcoming the barrier s that prevent the use or adoption of zero-emission renewabl e energy sources o r reduce emissions from renewable energy syst ems to make them cleaner th an comparable non-renewabl e alternatives.

 Waste solutions projects that focus on waste systems or techno logies that
minimize or eliminate emissions from existing waste management systems and processes, including waste-to-f uel systems, such as dairy diges ters and other bio-fuel applications.

E.3.10 Support Adequate Resources and Policies to Reduce the Im pact of Wildfires and their Attendant Public Health Impact

Wildfires result in significan t loss of life and property. Air pollution generated from
wildfires is enormous and well e xceeds the total industrial and mobile source emissions in the Valley. These emissions r esult in significant adverse p ublic health impacts in the Valley and in many regions thro ughout California. In the summe r of 2008, California experienced a record number of wil dfires, and the resulting emi ssions caused serious public health impacts and unprece dented levels of PM2.5 and ozo ne in the Valley and other regions throughout the state . Historically clean rural a reas throughout the state and in the Valley experienced th eir worst air quality in decade s, and pollutant levels and the number of daily exceedances of the health-based standards w ere significantly higher than ever before in recorded history.

Reducing wildfires and the result ing air pollut ants requires a sustained and multi-faceted approach that employs effective measures to reduce fuel supplie s and adequate resources to manage fires when they occur. The District suppor ts policies and initiatives that would encourage rapid disposal of the fuel sup ply, including the following:

 Additional financial and staffi ng resources for public and pri vate land managers to conduct prescribed burning as an effective means for reducin g fuel supplies that lead to large and uncont rollable wildfires.

 Additional resources to manage wildfires when they occur.

 Lessening or removal of contradi ctory environmental protection policies that prohibit the use of mechanized me thods, or prescribed burning t o reduce fuels when those are the only f easible methods available.

 Changes in the federal policies that better incorporate air qu ality concerns by shifting focus to prescribed burning and employing fire managem ent techniques that reduce air quality im pact when wildfires occur.

E.3.11 District Posit ions on Anticipated Federal Legislation

It is expected that Congress will attempt to guide clean air po licies by influencing EPA actions through its agency over sight and budgetary authorities. A key focus of these efforts is expected to be actions relating to EPA’s ability to set new air quality standards and provide more congressional guidance relating to EPA’s defin ition and treatment of exceptional events. The followi ng are three bills expected to be re-introduced in theSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-27 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard coming Congress. The District s upported these bills last year and would support them again if they are re-introduced.

CASE Act: The Clean Air Strong Economies (C ASE) Act by Congressman Olson, Texas. The CASE Act requires t hat EPA not propose a national p rimary or secondary ambient air quality standard for ozone that is lower than the e xisting standar d until at least 85 percent of the counties that were nonattainment areas under that standard achieve full compliance with t he standard. Additionally, the C ASE Act would require
that EPA take into considerati on feasibility and cost when sett ing standards and include in the regulatory impact analysi s for the proposed and final ru le at least one analysis that does not include any calcul ation of benefits resulting fro m reducing emissions of any pollutant other than ozone.

ORDEAL Act: The Ozone Regulatory Delay and Extension of Assessment Length (ORDEAL) Act by Senator Jeff Fl ake, Arizona and Congressman Mat t Salmon, Arizona. The ORDEAL Act would lengthen the period betw een when EPA would review and set
a new ozone standard from the curr ent five year interval to ten years.

State and local air ag encies are mandated to develop measures t o meet federal ambient air quality standards tha t were set without considering the economic costs.
The Act also sets attainment dead lines and implem entation miles tones that do not fully
take into account natural env ironment (climate, geography, topo graphy), magnitude of the needed emission reductions, ava ilability of technology (mat urity of existing control program, time needed to develop new technologies), economic fea sibility, and pollution transport from other regions and countries.

Continued effort to develop cost -effective measures in areas su ch as the Valley where businesses are already subject to the toughest air regulations in the nation is extremely difficult. In fact, both the Dis trict and the South Coast Air Quality Management District concluded that technology did not exist to meet even the 1997 8 -hour ozone standard. Meeting the new standards that approach background pollution co ncentrations require
transformative measures that need sufficient time to be planned and implemented. For instance, meeting the latest o zone standard requires eliminatin g all emissions
associated with fossil fuel com bustion. The deployment of nece ssary technology and massive fueling infrastructure i s virtually impossible before t he current deadline of 2032.
More realistic attainment timeli nes would allow time for techno logies to advance and businesses to develop capital im provement programs to incorpora te those technologies in an economically feasible fash ion. Additionally, efforts to accurately assess the
incremental costs and benefits of new standards would better in form policy makers when reviewing new standards.

Currently, in the Valle y, there are six active State Implementa tion Plans (SIP) in place for ozone and PM, including one fo r a standard that was revoked . Furthermore, the District is mandate to adopt four additional plans in the next two to three years. There is a great deal of overlap, confus ion, and redundancy as multiple plans for the same pollutant are at play.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-28 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard CLEER Act: Commonsense Legislative Excepti onal Events Reform (CLEER) Act b y Senator Flake, Arizona and Congre ssman Olson, Texas (Attachment D). These bills were introduced last year and the House bill was cosponsored by Congressman McCarthy and 22 other members of Congress. The bills streamlin e EPA’s exceptional events approval and appeal proce ss. At the District’s request, the House bill was amended to include language that c larified that the prolonged a nd extraordinary drought
and related weather conditions si milar to those faced by the Va lley in 2013/14 should be considered Exceptional Events.

E.4 COMMUNITY OUTREACH

The District’s outreach program s are integral to the developmen t, implementation, and success of attaining federal air quality standards. In additio n, engaging the public in
efforts to reduce emissions is a key element of the District’s attainment strategy. Education increases public suppo rt for new and controversial re gulations. The District’s education and information program has expanded and evolved over the years. The following outreach programs are ju st some of the District’s pro grams related to healthbased PM2.5 control meas ures and strategies.

E.4.1 Real-Time Air Advisory Network (RAAN)

Pollution levels can vary great ly during the day. While the Di strict issues a daily air quality forecast for each county in the air basin, localized ai r quality often deviates from these generalized, county-wide, daily forecasts. Access to rea l-time data generated from the air quality monitor clos est to a particular location c ompensates for such deviations and helps ensure tha t outdoor activit y can be limite d to periods of the day when air quality is acc eptable and healthier.

The District launched the Real-time Air Advisory Network (RAAN) in 2010. This program is the first communicati on network in the nation to pro vide automated notification of poor or changing local air quality to the publi c throughout the air basin. While the District initially dev eloped the program for schools as a tool to determine appropriate levels of outdoor act ivity for their students, the District expanded the program in 2011, and it is now ava ilable to all Valley resident s.

The District combines local air quality information with specif ic, concentration-based
health recommendations that allow RAAN subscribers to make info rmed decisions
about when and for whom outdoor act ivities should be limited. The knowledge that exercise magnifies the health risks of PM2.5 exposure motivated the District to develop the RAAN program. H eavy breathing, as dur ing exercise, allows air pollutants, especially the smallest particles (those less than 0.1 microns (PM0.1), also referred to as ultrafine particles), to more easily penetrate the alveolar region of the lungs.
Particles that make it to this region are absorbed directly int o the body’s bloodstream. ASan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-29 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard 2003 study 7 found that during moderate exerc ise, 80% of inhaled PM0.1 were deposited in the lungs, compared to 60% lung retention while a person is at rest. However,
because the volume of air excha nged per minute increased substa ntially during exercise, overall PM0.1 depositio n increases by as much as 450%

.

Anyone can subscribe to RAAN a t no charge through the District’ s website ( www.valleyair.org ); all that is required is the s ubscriber’s email address. Once subscribed, the District will send email notifications with a l ink to the real-time data of the closest monitoring station wit hin the District’s extensive monitoring network. The
District sends automated notific ations on an hourly basis when air quality deteriorates or improves.

E.4.2 Real-Time Outdoor Activity Risk (ROAR)

To support the expanded RAAN progr am, the District developed th e Real-time Outdoor Activity Risk (ROAR) scale. The levels of this scale provide s pecific recommendations and limitations for increasing le vels of activity, from recess through competitive athletic
events. This scale is based on t he Air Quality Index system th at is used for the daily air quality forecasts, but provides m ore detailed activity recommen dations based on the
latest health science. The ROAR system, when used in conjuncti on with the Air Quality Flag Program and daily a ir quality forecasts, is part of a comp rehensive set of tools available to schools and the pub lic for effective health protec tion.

E.4.3 Web-Based Archived A ir Quality System (WAAQS)

Following-up on the success of th e RAAN program, the District d evelop a system that would provide air quality c onditions on a neighborhood by neigh borhood scale as opposed to being limited to only t he readings from monitors. T his project was organized through the following phased approach:

Phase I Establish Algorithms and/ or modeling techniques for Qua ntifying Neighborhood Level Particulate and Ozone Concentrations

Phase II Provide Historical A ir Quality Trends at the Neighbor hood Level

Phase III Provide Real-time Air Quality Data at the Neighborhoo d Level

Phase I: Phase I of this project was completed in 2014 and established a modeling technique for quantifying neighbo rhood level ozone and PM2.5 co ncentrations. The District has already used this m odeling technique to generate n eighborhood level ozone
and PM2.5 concentrations for each of the approximately 3,600 gr id cells (4 km x 4 km) that make up the San Joaquin Va lley dating back to 1990. This data is being used as the foundation for providing hist orical air quality information under Phase II of this project.

7 Daigle, C.C., Chalup a, D.C., Gibb, F.R., M orrow, P.E., Oberdör ster, G., Utell, M.J., and Frampton, M.W. (2003). Ultrafine Particle Deposition in Humans During Rest and Exercis e. Inhalation Toxicology , 15, 539–552.
DOI:10.1080/08958370390205065San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-30 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard Phase II: Under Phase II, the District co mmitted to provide an online t ool to the public
that will allow residents to view historical air quality inform ation for their neighborhood by simply entering an address of their choosing. This newly de veloped system has
been named the Web-Based Archived Air Quality System (WAAQS). The neighborhood level air quality st atistics that will be provided to the public consist of the following:

 Number of days with Good air quality

 Number of days with U nhealthy air quality

 Days over federal stan dards for ozone and PM2.5

 Neighborhood air qualit y compared to trends for the County and San Joaquin Valley

The District released a beta vers ion of the online web page to the public on March 1, 2015. The District will accept and c onsider comments and recom mendations in a continuous effort to improve the information provided on the we b page.

Phase III. The launch of Phase III in 2016 wi ll give the public access to real-time air quality information on a neighbor hood by neighborhood basis and ensure that Valley
residents have the most detail ed and accurate information with which to make decisions regarding outdoor activity.

E.4.4 Check Before You Burn

The Check-Before-You-Burn outr each program is critical to the i mplementation of District Rule 4901—Wood Burning Fi replaces and Wood Burning Hea ters. Rule 4901 was adopted in 2003 and, along with the Check-Before-You-Burn p rogram, is credited with reducing levels of PM2.5 em issions during the winter seaso n to historically low
levels. The rule and outreach program was amended in 2008 and again in 2014 to reflect more stringent federal health-based standards, and toge ther they have achieved the highest level of public recogn ition and compliance of any D istrict program, with 80% of Valley residents professi ng awareness of i t based on a 2014 public survey. 8
According to the same survey, 5 9 percent of the respondents (Va lley-wide) with woodburning devices never used them . These statistics are a testam ent to heightened public awareness resulting from the Dis trict’s multilingual, multimedi a, targeted public outreach campaigns.

Annual Check-Before-You-Burn out reach campaigns feature Distric t Governing Board members in outdoor, radio, and video media speaking to the publ ic about how to get
involved in clean air activities. The District also uses extens ive social media posts (Facebook and Twitter) to reach even more segments of the Valle y’s population. In addition, the District’s toll-fr ee information line and website receives thousands of “hits”

8 San Joaquin Valley Ai r Pollution Co ntrol District: Memorandum to SJVUAPCD Governing Board, District’s Public Opinion Survey Relating to Res idential Wood Burning and Other H abits of Valley Residents . Fresno, CA: Public Governing Board Meeting, Mar ch 20, 2014. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2014/march/final/09.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-31 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard during the wood-burning season , specifically to access wood-bur ning forecast
information.

E.4.5 Healthy Air Living

Most of the District’s outreach activities and programs are cov ered by the Health Air Living umbrella. As a year-round message, the Healthy Air Livi ng idea of “make one change” promotes and encourages Va lley residents and businesses to implement voluntary measures to reduced emissions and improved air qualit y. Many of the
emission-reduction recommendations address PM2.5 emissions, eit her directly emitted or as byproducts of other pollu tants (e.g. reducing the number of miles traveled in a car reduces NOx and, therefore, particulates).

Components of the Health A ir Living message include Blue Sky, Brown Sky; It’s Up To

You kids activity kits aimed at ele mentary school s tudents and thei r parents; the Healthy Air Living Kids Calendar for kindergarteners through high-school students; and Healthy Air Living Pledge Cards , which are customized for reside nts, businesses, schools, and faith-based organizations. In addi tion to these specific progr ams and others, the Healthy Air Living logo and mess age are incorporated into the D istrict’s communications, collateral, incent ive materials, and outreach e fforts.

E.5 ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES

Non-regulatory strategies help ac celerate attainment and have b een an important part of recent District air quality attainment plans. The following strategies are supported by
the District as alternative me thods to reduce emissions in the Valley.

E.5.1 Energy Efficiency

California has been on the fore front of developing renewable en ergy sources, and has implemented regulations to ensur e cleaner non-renewable energy. The District’s involvement in energy efficiency and renewable energy is guided by its Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy (REES), w hich was adopted in January 2010. 9 This policy identifies
the District’s commitment to f ostering energy efficiency and cl ean energy alternatives as opportunities for emissions r eductions. The District continues to work with stakeholders and state agencies to expand net m etering and feed-in tariffs f or use of solar and other renewable energy sources, promo te energy efficiency programs fo r energy end users
that will result in lower emissi ons and a more stable electrica l distribution system, and develop measures that incentiv ize and encourage low-emission te chnologies for use of waste gas as an alternative to w aste-gas venting or flaring.

9 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Cont rol District. (2010). Approval of the District’s Regional Energy Efficiency Strategy . Memorandum to the SJVAPCD Governing Board. Public Hearing, Ja nuary 21, 2010. http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/agenda_minutes/Agend a/2010/January/Agenda_Item_7_Jan_21_2010. pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-32 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard E.5.2 Eco-driving

Finding ways through education and outreach to reduce emissions from mobile sources in the Valley is critical to atta inment of federal air quality standards. One such program in development is Eco-Driving. E co-Driving refers to everyday techniques that drivers
can do to maximize the fuel ec onomy of their vehicles. These i nclude observing good operating maintenance, such as p roper tire pressure, wheel alig nment, and oil viscosity; improving aerodynamics; traveli ng at efficient speeds; choosing the appropriate gear for manual transmissions; driving defensively to avoid unnecessary braking; accelerating at a constant pace; and other simpl e, yet often forgotten, driving techniques. As with other
informational activities conduct ed by the District, an Eco-Driv ing program could be encompassed under the Healthy Air Living umbrella.

E.5.3 Green Purchasing and Contracting

Valley businesses and government agencies can get involved in a ir quality improvements by considering t he environmental impacts when maki ng purchasing and contracting decisions. Green purc hasing and contracting is the selection of goods, services, and vehicles that hav e a reduced impact on human heal th and the environment when compared with ot her products that serve the sa me purpose. These efforts can reduce waste, energy consumption and the overall im pact of day to day operations. When making purchasi ng decisions, give preference to environmentally responsible products, material s and supplies; fuel-efficient, l ow-emission and hybrid vehicles; energy-efficient and wa ter-efficient appliances; serv ice providers who employ greener methods.

The District has created the Green Purchasing and Contract ing: A guide to reducing environmental impacts thr ough the procurement process guideline and made it available on the District webpage. 10 The District has also set an example for other agencies by adopting and implement ing its own Green Procurement & sustainable Practices Policy in January 2012. The District will continue t o support Valley organizations in adopting policie s and practices to make green purchasing and contracting a routine part of their operations.

E.5.4 Alternative Energy

The District encourages cleaner wa ys of generating electricity and mechanical power, and moving vehicles, in addition to overall reductions in energ y use. These alternative energy choices include renewable energy, waste-to-energy system s, and alternative fuels and vehicle technologies . The District also encourages t he use of alternative energy sources that are clearly cleaner than industry standards in terms of criteria pollutants. The District’s Alternative Energy: On the Fast Track to Clean Air 11 is a guideline for considering clean e nergy options in the Valley th at discuss, and provide

10 SJVAPCD. Green Purchasing and Contracting: A guide to reducing environmental impacts through the procurement process. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Program s/FastTrack/2011/GreenPurchasin gReport4-6- 11%20_2_.pdf.

11 SJVAPCD. Alternative Energy: On the Fast Track to Clean Air. A Guide for Considering Clean Energy Options in the San Joaquin Valley. Available at http://www.valleyair.org/Program s/FastTrack/2011/Alternative%20 Energy.pdfSan Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-33 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
2015 Plan for the 1997 PM2.5 Standard additional resources for, the Dis trict’s current recommendation s regarding the most advantageous and viable alternativ e energy systems. Alternativ e energy choices include solar energy, wind turbin es, biomass, dairy digesters, and electric irrigation pumps, just to name a few.San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Polluti on Control District April 16, 2015

E-34 Appendix E: Incentive and Other Non-Regulatory Strategies
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