# Patent

## Title
Heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds as PDE10 inhibitors

## Abstract

Heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds, and compositions containing them, and processes for preparing such compounds. Provided herein also are methods of treating disorders or diseases treatable by inhibition of PDE10, such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, schizophrenia, Huntington's Disease, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the like.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/334,514, filed May 13, 2010 which is hereby incorporated by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Provided herein are certain heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds that are PDE10 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and processes for preparing such compounds. Provided herein also are methods of treating disorders or diseases treatable by inhibition of PDE10, such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the like.
BACKGROUND
Neurotransmitters and hormones, as well as other types of extracellular signals such as light and odors, create intracellular signals by altering the amounts of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) within cells. These intracellular messengers alter the functions of many intracellular proteins. Cyclic AMP regulates the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA phosphorylates and regulates the function of many types of proteins, including ion channels, enzymes, and transcription factors. Downstream mediators of cGMP signaling also include kinases and ion channels. In addition to actions mediated by kinases, cAMP and cGMP bind directly to some cell proteins and directly regulate their activities.
Cyclic nucleotides are produced from the actions of adenylyl cyclase and guanylyl cyclase, which convert ATP to cAMP and GTP to cGMP. Extracellular signals, often through the actions of G protein-coupled receptors, regulate the activities of the cyclases. Alternatively, the amount of cAMP and cGMP may be altered by regulating the activities of the enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides. Cell homeostasis is maintained by the rapid degradation of cyclic nucleotides after stimulus-induced increases. The enzymes that degrade cyclic nucleotides are called 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs).
Eleven PDE gene families (PDE1-PDE11) have been identified based on their distinct amino acid sequences, catalytic and regulatory characteristics, and sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors. These families are coded for by 21 genes; and further multiple splice variants are transcribed from many of these genes. Expression patterns of each of the gene families are distinct. PDEs differ with respect to their affinity for cAMP and cGMP. Activities of different PDEs are regulated by different signals. For example, PDE1 is stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin. PDE2 activity is stimulated by cGMP. PDE3 is inhibited by cGMP. PDE4 is cAMP specific and is specifically inhibited by rolipram. PDE5 is cGMP-specific. PDE6 is expressed in retina.
PDE10 sequences were identified by using bioinformatics and sequence information from other PDE gene families (Fujishige et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274:18438-18445, 1999; Loughney et al., Gene 234:109-117, 1999; Soderling et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:7071-7076, 1999). The PDE10 gene family is distinguished based on its amino acid sequence, functional properties and tissue distribution. The human PDE10 gene is large, over 200 kilobases, with up to 24 exons coding for each of the splice variants. The amino acid sequence is characterized by two GAF domains (which bind cGMP), a catalytic region, and alternatively spliced N and C termini. Numerous splice variants are possible because at least three alternative exons encode N termini and two exons encode C-termini. PDE10A1 is a 779 amino acid protein that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP. The Km values for cAMP and cGMP are 0.05 and 3.0 micromolar, respectively. In addition to human variants, several variants with high homology have been isolated from both rat and mouse tissues and sequence banks.
PDE10 RNA transcripts were initially detected in human testis and brain. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the highest levels of PDE10 are expressed in the basal ganglia. Specifically, striatal neurons in the olfactory tubercle, caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens are enriched in PDE10. Western blots did not reveal the expression of PDE10 in other brain tissues, although immunoprecipitation of the PDE10 complex was possible in hippocampal and cortical tissues. This suggests that the expression level of PDE10 in these other tissues is 100-fold less than in striatal neurons. Expression in hippocampus is limited to the cell bodies, whereas PDE10 is expressed in terminals, dendrites and axons of striatal neurons.
The tissue distribution of PDE10 indicates that PDE10 inhibitors can be used to raise levels of cAMP and/or cGMP within cells that express the PDE10 enzyme, for example, in neurons that comprise the basal ganglia and therefore would be useful in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions involving the basal ganglia such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and the like.
Noninvasive, nuclear imaging techniques can be used to obtain basic and diagnostic information about the physiology and biochemistry of a variety of living subjects including experimental animals, normal humans and patients. These techniques rely on the use of sophisticated imaging instrumentation that is capable of detecting radiation emitted from radiotracers administered to such living subjects. The information obtained can be reconstructed to provide planar and tomographic images that reveal distribution of the radiotracer as a function of time. Use of appropriately designed radiotracers can result in images which contain information on the structure, function and most importantly, the physiology and biochemistry of the subject. Much of this information cannot be obtained by other means. The radiotracers used in these studies are designed to have defined behaviors in vivo which permit the determination of specific information concerning the physiology or biochemistry of the subject or the effects that various diseases or drugs have on the physiology or biochemistry of the subject. Currently, radiotracers are available for obtaining useful information concerning such things as cardiac function, myocardial blood flow, lung perfusion, liver function, brain blood flow, regional brain glucose and oxygen metabolism.
Compounds of the invention can be labeled with either positron or gamma emitting radionuclides. For imaging, the most commonly used positron emitting (PET) 11C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I, wherein 11C, 18F, 123I, or 125I are preferred, all of which are accelerator produced. In the last two decades, one of the most active areas of nuclear medicine research has been the development of receptor imaging radiotracers. These tracers bind with high affinity and specificity to selective receptors and neuroreceptors. For example, Johnson and Johnson has synthesized and evaluated 18F-JNJ41510417 as a selective and high-affinity radioligand for in vivo brain imaging of PDE10A using PET (The Journal Of Nuclear Medicine; Vol. 51; No. 10; October 2010).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a new class of heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds useful in the treatment of diseases, such as PDE10-mediated diseases and other maladies, such as schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Accordingly, the invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for the treatment of PDE10-mediated diseases and other maladies, such as schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, using the compounds and compositions of the invention, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of the compounds of the invention.
Another aspect of the invention comprises a new class of heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 18C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 123I, or 125I, a radiopharmaceutical composition comprising the radiolabelled compound, a method for the diagnostic imaging of PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human, or tissues bearing PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human brain, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound, and a method for the detection or quantification of PDE10 receptors in mammalian tissue, including human tissue, which comprises contacting such mammalian tissue in which such detection or quantification is desired with an effective amount of the radiolabeled compound.
The compounds of the invention are represented by the following general structure:




or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m, p, q, R1, R2, R4a, R4b, R4c, X1, X2, X3, and X4 are defined below.

Other compounds of the invention are represented by the following general structure:




or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m, p, q, Ring D, R2, R4a, R4b, R4c, X1, X2, X3, and X4 are defined below.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One aspect of the current invention relates to compounds having the general structure of formula (I):




a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
each of X1, X2, and X3 is independently N or CR3; and X4 is N; wherein no more than one of X1, X2, and X3 are N;
optionally, the ring containing X1, X2, X3, and X4 may be fused to a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 atoms selected from O and S; wherein said monocyclic ring is independently substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 R3 groups;
m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
each of p and q is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; wherein the sum of p and q is 2 to 6;
the ring containing p and q is in cis or trans configuration;
R1 is F, Cl, Br, I, C1-8alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)Ra, —C(═O)Rc, —C(═O)—O—Ra, —ORc, —NRaRc, —N(Rc)C(═O)Rb, —N(Ra)C(═O)Rc, —C(═O)NRaRb, —C(═O)NRaRc, or C0-4alk-L1; wherein said C1-8alk group is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 groups selected from halo, C1-3haloalk, —OH, —OC1-4alk, —NH2, —NHC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk;
R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, —C(═O)NR5R6, or a group —Y-L2;
Y is a C0-4alk, O, NR7, S, SO, or SO2;
R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R4a is H, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
each R4b is independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R4c is R4b when R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, —C(═O)NR5R6, or said group —Y-L2;
wherein Y is C0-4alk, SO, or SO2;
R4a is R4a when R2 is said group —Y-L2, wherein Y is O, NR7, or S;
each of R5 and R6 is independently H, C1-8alk, or C0-8alk-L3;
R7 is independently H or Rb;
Ra is independently H or Rb;
Rb is independently phenyl, benzyl, or C1-6alk, wherein said phenyl, benzyl, and C1-6alk are being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C1-4alk, C1-3haloalk, —OH, —OC1-4alk, —NH2, —NHC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk;
Rc is C0-4alk-L4; and
each of L1, L2, L3, and L4 is independently a carbon-linked or nitrogen-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered monocyclic ring or a saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered bicyclic ring, wherein each said ring contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 atoms selected from O or S; wherein each L1, L2, L3, and L4 is independently substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —C(═NRa)NRaRa, —OC(═O)Rb, —OC(═O)NRaRa, —OC2-6alkNRaRa, —OC2-6alkORa, —SRa, —S(═O)Rb, —S(═O)2Rb, —S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —N(Ra)C(═O)ORb, —N(Ra)C(═O)NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═NRa)NRaRa, —N(Ra)S(═O)2Rb, —N(Ra)S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkNRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkORa, —C1-6alkNRaRa, —C1-6alkORa, —C1-6alkN(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —C1-6alkOC(═O)Rb, —C1-6alkC(═O)NRaRa, —C1-6alkC(═O)ORa and oxo.
In another embodiment, the group




In another embodiment, the ring containing X1, X2, X3, and X4 is fused to a saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 atoms selected from O and S; wherein said monocyclic ring is independently substituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 R3 groups.
In another embodiment, said monocyclic ring is selected from fused phenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxolanyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, and piperazinyl.
In another embodiment, Y is a bond, NH, or N—CH3.
In another embodiment, Y is NH.
In another embodiment, R4b is H.
In another embodiment, p is 1 and q is 1.
In another embodiment, wherein the ring containing p and q is in cis configuration.
In another embodiment, R1 is F, Cl, Br, I, —ORa, —NRaRc, —C(═O)—O—Ra, —C(═O)NRaRb, —ORa, or —C(═O)NRaRb.
In another embodiment, R1 is C0-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is a carbon-linked or nitrogen-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered monocyclic ring, wherein each said ring contains 0, 1, 2, or 3 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 O atoms, and wherein each said ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkORa.
In another embodiment, R1 is C0-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is a carbon-linked or nitrogen-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered bicyclic ring, wherein each said ring contains 0, 1, 2, or 3 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 O atoms, and wherein each said ring is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkOa.
In another embodiment, R1 is C0-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, azetidinyl, phenyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazolyl, morpholinyl, pyrimidyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, oxaspiro[3.5]nonyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, or quinolinyl, all of which are substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkORa.
In another embodiment, R1 is C0-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, pyrimidyl, dihydropyranyl, or piperazinyl, all of which are substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkORa.
In another embodiment, R1 is not methyl.
In another embodiment, R1 is:







wherein the dotted bond is an optional double bond.

In another embodiment, R3 is H, F, Cl, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk.
In another embodiment, R4a is H.
In another embodiment, R4a, R4b, and R4a is H.
In another embodiment, R5 is C1-8alk or C0-8alk-L3.
In another embodiment, R6 is C1-8alk or C0-8alk-L3.
In another embodiment, R7 is H.
In another embodiment, Ra is H or C1-6alk substituted by 0 or 1 —OH, —OC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk.
In another embodiment, Rc is a saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 0 or 1 N atom and 0 or 1 atom selected from O or S, which is substituted by 0 or 1 R8 groups selected from F, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, or —ORa.
In another embodiment, R2 is the group —Y-L2 which are







wherein Y is a NH.

In another embodiment, R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, or —C(═O)NR5R6.
In another embodiment, each R2 is the group —Y-L2 which are




wherein Y is NH; and L2 is independently substituted by 0, 1, or 2 R8 groups which are F, Br, C1, CF3, methyl, methoxy, or CN.

Another aspect of the current invention relates to compounds having the general structure of formula (II):




or any pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

    
    
        each of X1, X2, and X3 is independently N or CR3; and X4 is N; wherein no more than one of X1, X2, and X3 are N; and wherein any adjacent X1, X2, and X3 may optionally form an optionally substituted-saturated, -partially saturated, or -unsaturated-heterocyclic or -heteroaryl ring fused to the ring containing X1, X2, X3, and X4;
    
    


m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
each of p and q is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; wherein the sum of p and q is 2 to 6;
the ring containing p and q is in cis or trans configuration;
Ring D is L1;
R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, —C(═O)NR5R6, or a group —Y-L2;
Y is a C0-4alk, O, NR7, S, SO, or SO2;
R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R4a is H, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
each R4b is independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R4c is R4b if R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, —C(═O)NR5R6, or said group —Y-L2; wherein Y is C0-4alk, SO, or SO2;
R4c is R4a if R2 is said group —Y-L2, wherein Y is O, NR7, or S;
each of R5 and R6 is independently H, C1-8alk, or C0-8alk-L3;
R7 is independently H or Rb;
Ra is independently H or Rb;
Rb is independently phenyl, benzyl, or C1-6alk, wherein said phenyl, benzyl, and C1-6alk are being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C1-4alk, C1-3haloalk, —OH, —OC1-4alk, —NH2, —NHC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, and —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk; and
each of L1, L2, L3, and L4 is independently a carbon-linked or nitrogen-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered monocyclic ring or a saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered bicyclic ring, wherein each said ring contains 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 N atoms and 0, 1, or 2 atoms selected from O or S; wherein each L1, L2, L3, and L4 is independently substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —C(═NRa)NRaRa, —OC(═O)Rb, —OC(═O)NRaRa, —OC2-6alkNRaRa, —OC2-6alkORa, —SRa, —S(═O)Rb, —S(═O)2Rb, —S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —N(Ra)C(═O)ORb, —N(Ra)C(═O)NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═NRa)NRaRa, —N(Ra)S(═O)2Rb, —N(Ra)S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkNRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkORa, —C1-6 alkNRaRa, —C1-6 alkORa, —C1-6 alkN(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —C1-6 alkOC(═O)Rb, —C1-6alkC(═O)NRaRa, —C1-6alkC(═O)ORa and oxo.
In another embodiment, the group




is cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cylohexyl, or cycloheptyl.

In another embodiment, the group




is cyclobutyl.

In another embodiment, the group




is cyclopentyl.

In another embodiment, the group




is cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, the group




is in trans configuration.

In another embodiment, the group




is in cis configuration.

In another embodiment, R3 is H, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk.
In another embodiment, R4a is H or C1-4alk.
In another embodiment, R5 is C1-8alk or C0-8alk-L3.
In another embodiment, R6 is C1-8alk or C0-8alk-L3.
In another embodiment, R7 is H.
In another embodiment, Ra is H or C1-6alk substituted by 0 or 1 —OH, —OC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk.
In another embodiment, Rc is a carbon-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 0 or 1 N atom and 0 or 1 atom selected from O or S, which is substituted by 0 or 1 R8 groups selected from F, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, or —ORa.
In another embodiment, Rc is a nitrogen-linked saturated, partially-saturated, or unsaturated 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring heterocycle containing the linking nitrogen and 0, 1 or 2 additional nitrogen atoms and containing 0 or 1 sulfur or oxygen atom, the heterocycle being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1, C1-4alk, C1-4haloalk, —OC1-4alk, —NH2, —NHC1-4alk, —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk, or oxo.
In another embodiment, Rc is a C0-4alk-linked saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated 3-, 5-, or 6-membered monocyclic ring containing 0 or 1 N atom and 0 or 1 atom selected from O and S, which is substituted by 0 or 1 R8 groups selected from F, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, or —ORa.
In another embodiment, R2 is —C(═O)R5, —C(═O)OR5, or —C(═O)NR5R6.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating conditions that may be treated with PDE10 inhibitors comprising the step of administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of any one of the above compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In one embodiment of the method, said conditions is psychoses, Parkinson's disease, dementias, obsessive compulsive disorder, tardive dyskinesia, choreas, depression, mood disorders, impulsivity, drug addiction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression with parkinsonian states, personality changes with caudate or putamen disease, dementia and mania with caudate and pallidal diseases, or compulsions with pallidal disease.
In another embodiment of the method, said condition is schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
In another embodiment of the method, said condition is schizophrenia.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the above compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient.
Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of any one of the above compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as a medicament.
Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of any one of the above compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is listed below:

    N-(3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-methyl-N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    5-methyl-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine;
    1-(4-(3-((1R,3R)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-((5-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    1-(4-(3-((1R,3R)-3-((5-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    6-(((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)amino)nicotinonitrile;
    6-(((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)amino)nicotinonitrile;
    5-chloro-N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    5-chloro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    6-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    4-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2-methoxypyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    7-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-methylpyridin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-one;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    6-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    4-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    4-(3-(1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate;
    5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    7-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    methyl 3-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide;
    N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    2′-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′-bipyridine]-6-carbonitrile;
    N-(3-((3-(3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    (1-(3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-3-yl)methanol;
    2′-((1R,3R)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′-bipyridine]-6-carbonitrile;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    tert-butyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate;
    tert-butyl 2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate;
    1-(3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinonitrile;
    1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinonitrile;
    (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol;
    methyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate;
    2-methoxy-1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine;
    1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-methoxyethanone;
    ((R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-3-yl)methanol;
    ((S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-3-yl)methanol;
    2′-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′-bipyridine]-6-carbonitrile;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone;
    2-methoxy-1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-morpholinopyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    (R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol;
    1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)ethanol;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone;
    (S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol;
    N-(3-((3-(3-methylpiperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-((R)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1R,3S)-3-((3-((S)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile;
    1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-chloro-3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinamide;
    (R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile;
    (S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile;
    5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinamide;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-hydroxyethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-(3-((3-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    2′-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamide;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-methoxyethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-fluoro-5-iodopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxidecyclobutyl}-amine;
    2′-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′-bipyridine]-6-carboxamide;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinazolin-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinazolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinonitrile;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    1-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile;
    1-(5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine;
    N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinazolin-2-amine; or
    (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinazolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol.


Another aspect of the invention relates to the compounds of Examples 118 to 127 as listed in Table 13 below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Yet another aspect of the current invention relates to any compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 11C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I.
Yet another aspect of the current invention relates to a radiopharmaceutical composition comprising any compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 11C, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
Yet another aspect of the current invention relates to a method for the diagnostic imaging of PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human, or tissues bearing PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human brain, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of any compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 11C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I.
Yet another aspect of the current invention relates to a method for the diagnostic imaging of PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human, or tissues bearing PDE10 receptors in a mammal, including human brain, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such diagnostic imaging an effective amount of any compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 11C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I.
Yet another aspect of the current invention relates to a method for the detection or quantification of PDE10 receptors in mammalian tissue, including human tissue, which comprises contacting such mammalian tissue in which such detection or quantification is desired with an effective amount of any compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, radiolabeled with a positron emitting radionuclide selected from 11C, 18F, 15O, 13N, 76Br, 77Br, 123I, or 125I.
The compounds of this invention may have in general several asymmetric centers and are typically depicted in the form of racemic mixtures. This invention is intended to encompass racemic mixtures, other racemic mixtures and separate enantiomers and diasteromers.
The present invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature.
Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention include, but are not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H and 3H, carbon, such as 11C, 13C and 14C, chlorine, such as 38Cl, fluorine, such as 18 iodine, such as 123I and 125I, nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N, oxygen, such as 15O, 17O and 18O, phosphorus, such as 32P, and sulphur, such as 35S.
Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.
Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11C, 18F, 15O and 13N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy.
Isotopically-labeled compounds of the present invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the invention include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D2O, d6-acetone, d6-DMSO.
Specific embodiments of the present invention include the compounds exemplified in the Examples below and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, complexes, solvates, polymorphs, stereoisomers, metabolites, prodrugs, and other derivatives thereof, Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply to terms found in the specification and claims:
Heteroaryloxycarbocyclyl compounds of the invention may possess one or more asymmetric carbon atoms. Rotation about carbon-carbon bonds in carbocyclic compounds is limited by the ring structure and therefore the compounds can exist as multiple diastereomers. When two substituent groups of a carbocyclic compound are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas, when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans. For example, there are two different 1,2-dichloro-cyclohexane diastereomers, one with the two chloros on the same side (cis) of the ring and one with the chloros on opposite sides (trans). Below are the structures of trans and cis diastereoisomers of 1,2-dichloro-cyclobutane; 1,2-dichloro-cyclopentane, and 1,2-dichloro-cyclohexane, respectively:




Similarly, a compound of formula (I):




may exist in the following four stereoisomeric forms:





It will be appreciated that in the compound of formula (I), where m is not 0, all compounds of formula (a), (b), (c), and (d) exist as 4 different stereoisomers, and each of which is contemplated to be within the claimed invention. It will also be appreciated that in the compound of formula (I), where m is 0, and the sum of p and q is an odd number (3 or 5), all compounds of formula (a), (b), (c), and (d) exist as 4 different stereoisomers, and each of which is contemplated to be within the claimed invention.
It will also be appreciated that the compound of formula (I), where m is 0, and the sum of p and q is an even number (2, 4, or 6), are symmetrical, and in the absence of any other stereocenter elsewhere in the molecule, accordingly the compound of formula (a) is identical to (b), and the compound of formula (c) is identical to (d). Therefore said compound exists as 2 different stereoisomers, and each of which is contemplated to be within the claimed invention.
More specifically, for example, in the compound of Example 22, m is 0, and the sum of p and q is an even number (2); and the compound is symmetrical. Therefore said compound may exist as two different stereoisomers, cis and trans, as follows:




Compounds (a) and (b) are called trans stereoisomers because the substituents of the middle carbocyclic ring are oriented in the same directions. Compounds (c) and (d) are called cis stereoisomers because the substituents of the middle carbocyclic ring are oriented in the opposite directions. Because the compound is symmetrical, compound (a) is identical to compound (b) (trans stereoisomers) and compound (c) is identical to compound (d) (cis stereoisomers); each of which is contemplated to be within the claimed invention.
The term “Cα-βalk” means an alkyl group comprising a minimum of α and a maximum of β carbon atoms in a branched, cyclical or linear relationship or any combination of the three, wherein α and β represent integers. The alkyl groups described in this section may also contain one or two double or triple bonds. A designation of C0alk indicates a direct bond. Examples of C1-6alkyl include, but are not limited to the following:




The term “benzo group”, alone or in combination, means the divalent radical C4H4═, one representation of which is —CH═CH—CH═CH—, that when vicinally attached to another ring forms a benzene-like ring—for example tetrahydronaphthylene, indole and the like.
The terms “oxo” and “thioxo” represent the groups ═O (as in carbonyl) and ═S (as in thiocarbonyl), respectively.
The term “halo” or “halogen” means a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br or I.
The term “Cα-βhaloalk” means an alk group, as described above, wherein one or more hydrogen atom of the alk group is replaced by F, Cl, Br or I.
The term “carbon-linked” means a substituent is linked to another group through a carbon atom. Examples of “carbon-linked” substituents include, but are not limited to the following:




The term “nitrogen-linked” means a substituent is linked to another group through a nitrogen atom. Examples of “nitrogen-linked” substituents include, but are not limited to the following:




The group N(Ra)Ra and the like include substituents where the two Ra groups together form a ring, optionally including a N, O or S atom, and include groups such as:




The group N(Cα-βalk) Cα-βalk, wherein α and β are as defined above, include substituents where the two Cα-βalk groups together form a ring, optionally including a N, O or S atom, and include groups such as:




The term “carbocyclyl” means a ring comprising by itself or in combination with other terms, represents, unless otherwise stated, cyclic version of “Cα-βalk”. Thus, the term “carbocyclyl” is meant to be included in the terms “Cα-βalk”. Examples of carbocycle include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or partially unsaturated ring such as 1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclobutylene, cyclohexylene and the like. Unless otherwise stated, carbocycle can include fully saturated ring such as phenyl or naphthyl.
The term “heteroatom” means N, O and S.
The term “heterocyclyl” means a ring comprising at least one carbon atom and at least one other atom selected from N, O and S. “Heterocyclyl” includes aromatic heterocyclic ring which is commonly known as heteroaryl. Thus, the term “heteroaryl” is meant to be included in the terms “heterocyclyl”. Examples of heterocycles that may be found in the claims include, but are not limited to, the following:







The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means a salt prepared by conventional means, and are well known by those skilled in the art. The “pharmacologically acceptable salts” include basic salts of inorganic and organic acids, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid and the like. When compounds of the invention include an acidic function such as a carboxy group, then suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cation pairs for the carboxy group are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium, quaternary ammonium cations and the like. For additional examples of “pharmacologically acceptable salts,” and Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 66:1 (1977).
The term “saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated” includes substituents saturated with hydrogens, substituents completely unsaturated with hydrogens and substituents partially saturated with hydrogens.
Representative examples of “saturated, partially-saturated or unsaturated” five to eight membered rings, optionally having one to three heteroatoms, are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and phenyl. Further exemplary five membered rings are furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 2H-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 3H-1,2-oxathiolyl, 1,2,3-oxadizaolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-trizaolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 3H-1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4-dioxazolyl, 5H-1,2,5-oxathiazolyl, and 1,3-oxathiolyl.
Further exemplary six membered rings are 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, 1,2-dioxinyl, 1,3-dioxinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyndazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, 4H-1,2-oxazinyl, 2H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,2-oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, 2H-1,2-oxazinyl, 4H-1,4-oxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-(3 oxathiazinyl, and 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl.
Further exemplary seven membered rings are azepinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl and 1,2,4-triazepinyl.
Further exemplary eight membered rings are cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl and cyclooctadienyl.
The term “monocyclic” means a group having a single saturated, partially-saturated, or unsaturated ring system. Typically a monocyclic ring system can have from 3- to 8 atoms in the ring system. The term includes, but is not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, and the like.
The term “bicyclic” means a group having two interconnected saturated, partially-saturated, or unsaturated rings that include stable bridged, fused, or spiro rings. The bicyclic ring may be attached at any carbon or heteroatom which affords a stable group. Typically a bicyclic ring system can have from 6- to 14 atoms in the ring system. The term includes, but is not limited to, benzimidazole, naphthyl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[2.5]octane, bicyclo[4.4.0]decane, bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, spiro[4.5]decane, spiro[3.5]nonane, norbornane, bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane, and the like.
The term “tricyclic” means a group having three interconnected saturated, partially-saturated, or unsaturated rings that include stable bridged, fused, or spiro rings. Typically a tricyclic ring system can have from 11 to 18 ring atoms in the ring system. The term includes, but is not limited to, adamantyl, tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane, and the like.
Exemplary bicyclic rings consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five and/or six membered rings, optionally having one to four heteroatoms, are indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, cyclopenta(b)pyridinyl, pyrano(3,4-b)pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzo[b]thienyl, benzo[c]thienyl, 1H-indazolyl, indoxazinyl, benzoxazolyl, anthranilyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, indenyl, isoindenyl, naphthyl, tetralinyl, decalinyl, 2H-1-benzopyranyl, pyrido(3,4-b)pyridinyl, pyrido(3,2-b)pyridinyl, pyrido(4,3-b)-pyridinyl, 2H-1,3-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl, 1H-2,3-benzoxazinyl, 4H-3,1-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1,2-benzoxazinyl and 4H-1,4-benzoxazinyl.
A cyclic ring group may be bonded to another group in more than one way. If no particular bonding arrangement is specified, then all possible arrangements are intended. For example, the term “pyridyl” includes 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, and the term “thienyl” includes 2-, or 3-thienyl.
The term “substituted” means that a hydrogen atom on a molecule or group is replaced with a group or atom. Typical substitutents include: halogen, C1-8alkyl, hydroxyl, C1-8alkoxy, —NRxRx, nitro, cyano, halo or perhaloC1-8alkyl, C2-8alkenyl, C2-8alkynyl, —SRx, —S(═O)2Rx, —C(═O)ORx, —C(═O)Rx, wherein each Rx is independently hydrogen or C1-C8 alkyl. It is noted that when the substituent is —NRxRx, the Rx groups may be joined together with the nitrogen atom to form a ring.
A group or atom that replaces a hydrogen atom is also called a substituent.
Any particular molecule or group can have one or more substituent depending on the number of hydrogen atoms that can be replaced.
The symbol “—” represents a covalent bond and can also be used in a radical group to indicate the point of attachment to another group. In chemical structures, the symbol is commonly used to represent a methyl group in a molecule.
The term “leaving group” generally refers to groups readily displaceable by a nucleophile, such as an amine, a thiol or an alcohol nucleophile. Such leaving groups are well known in the art. Examples of such leaving groups include, but are not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, halides, triflates, tosylates and the like. Preferred leaving groups are indicated herein where appropriate.
The term “protecting group” generally refers to groups well known in the art which are used to prevent selected reactive groups, such as carboxy, amino, hydroxy, mercapto and the like, from undergoing undesired reactions, such as nucleophilic, electrophilic, oxidation, reduction and the like. Preferred protecting groups are indicated herein where appropriate. Examples of amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl and substituted cycloalkenyl alkyl, allyl, substituted allyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, silyl and the like. Examples of aralkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, ortho-methylbenzyl, trityl and benzhydryl, which can be optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, acylamino, acyl and the like, and salts, such as phosphonium and ammonium salts. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl, 9-(9-phenylfluorenyl), phenanthrenyl, durenyl and the like. Examples of cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylenylalkyl radicals, preferably have 6-10 carbon atoms, include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenyl methyl and the like. Suitable acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and aralkoxycarbonyl groups include benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, iso-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, butyryl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, trichloro acetyl, phthaloyl and the like. A mixture of protecting groups can be used to protect the same amino group, such as a primary amino group can be protected by both an aralkyl group and an aralkoxycarbonyl group. Amino protecting groups can also form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen to which they are attached, for example, 1,2-bis(methylene)benzene, phthalimidyl, succinimidyl, maleimidyl and the like and where these heterocyclic groups can further include adjoining aryl and cycloalkyl rings. In addition, the heterocyclic groups can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted, such as nitrophthalimidyl. Amino groups may also be protected against undesired reactions, such as oxidation, through the formation of an addition salt, such as hydrochloride, toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like. Many of the amino protecting groups are also suitable for protecting carboxy, hydroxy and mercapto groups. For example, aralkyl groups. Alkyl groups are also suitable groups for protecting hydroxy and mercapto groups, such as tert-butyl.
The term “silyl protecting groups” means silicon atoms optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups. Suitable silyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane and diphenylmethylsilyl. Silylation of an amino groups provide mono- or di-silylamino groups. Silylation of aminoalcohol compounds can lead to a N,N,O-trisilyl derivative. Removal of the silyl function from a silyl ether function is readily accomplished by treatment with, for example, a metal hydroxide or ammonium fluoride reagent, either as a discrete reaction step or in situ during a reaction with the alcohol group. Suitable silylating agents are, for example, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl chloride, phenyldimethylsilyl chloride, diphenylmethyl silyl chloride or their combination products with imidazole or DMF. Methods for silylation of amines and removal of silyl protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art. Methods of preparation of these amine derivatives from corresponding amino acids, amino acid amides or amino acid esters are also well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry including amino acid/amino acid ester or aminoalcohol chemistry.
Protecting groups are removed under conditions which will not affect the remaining portion of the molecule. These methods are well known in the art and include acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis and the like. A preferred method involves removal of a protecting group, such as removal of a benzyloxycarbonyl group by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof. A t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group can be removed utilizing an inorganic or organic acid, such as HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane or methylene chloride. The resulting amino salt can readily be neutralized to yield the free amine. Carboxy protecting group, such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like, can be removed under hydrolysis and hydrogenolysis conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that compounds of the invention may contain groups that may exist in tautomeric forms, such as cyclic and acyclic amidine and guanidine groups, heteroatom substituted aromatic heterocyclyl groups (Y′═O, S, NR), and the like, which are illustrated in the following examples:




and though one form is named, described, displayed and/or claimed herein, all the tautomeric forms are intended to be inherently included in such name, description, display and/or claim.

Prodrugs of the compounds of this invention are also contemplated by this invention. A prodrug is an active or inactive compound that is modified chemically through in vivo physiological action, such as hydrolysis, metabolism and the like, into a compound of this invention following administration of the prodrug to a patient. The suitability and techniques involved in making and using prodrugs are well known by those skilled in the art. For a general discussion of prodrugs involving esters see Svensson and Tunek Drug Metabolism Reviews 165 (1988) and Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985). Examples of a masked carboxylate anion include a variety of esters, such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl). Amines have been masked as arylcarbonyloxymethyl substituted derivatives which are cleaved by esterases in vivo releasing the free drug and formaldehyde (Bungaard J. Med. Chem. 2503 (1989)). Also, drugs containing an acidic NH group, such as imidazole, imide, indole and the like, have been masked with N-acyloxymethyl groups (Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985)). Hydroxy groups have been masked as esters and ethers. EP 039,051 (Sloan and Little, Apr. 11, 1981) discloses Mannich-base hydroxamic acid prodrugs, their preparation and use.
The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a compound that ameliorates, attenuates or eliminates one or more symptom of a particular disease or condition, or prevents or delays the onset of one of more symptom of a particular disease or condition.
The term “patient” means animals, such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, sheep and humans. Particular patients are mammals. The term patient includes males and females.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means that the referenced substance, such as a compound of Formula I, or a salt of a compound of Formula I, or a formulation containing a compound of Formula I, or a particular excipient, are suitable for administration to a patient.
The terms “treating”, “treat” or “treatment” and the like include preventative (e.g., prophylactic) and palliative treatment.
The term “excipient” means any pharmaceutically acceptable additive, carrier, diluent, adjuvant, or other ingredient, other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), which is typically included for formulation and/or administration to a patient.
Utility and Methods of Use
Provided herein are methods for treating a disorder or disease by inhibiting PDE10 enzyme. The methods, in general, comprises the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compounds of the present invention, or an individual stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, to a patient in need thereof to treat the disorder or disease.
In certain embodiments, this invention provides a use of a compound as described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder or disease treatable by inhibition of PDE10.
The compounds of the present invention inhibit PDE10 enzyme activity, and hence raise the levels of cAMP or cGMP within cells that express PDE10. Accordingly, inhibition of PDE10 enzyme activity would be useful in the treatment of diseases caused by deficient amounts of cAMP or cGMP in cells. PDE10 inhibitors would also be of benefit in cases wherein raising the amount of cAMP or cGMP above normal levels results in a therapeutic effect. Inhibitors of PDE10 may be used to treat disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gastro-enterological diseases, endocrinological diseases and urological diseases.
Indications that may be treated with PDE10 inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other drugs, include, but are not limited to, those diseases thought to be mediated in part by the basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. These indications include psychoses, Parkinson's disease, dementias, obsessive compulsive disorder, tardive dyskinesia, choreas, depression, mood disorders, impulsivity, drug addiction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression with parkinsonian states, personality changes with caudate or putamen disease, dementia and mania with caudate and pallidal diseases, and compulsions with pallidal disease.
Psychoses are disorders that affect an individual's perception of reality. Psychoses are characterized by delusions and hallucinations. The compounds of the present invention are suitable for use in treating patients suffering from all forms of psychoses, including, but not limited to, schizophrenia, late-onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, prodromal schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. Treatment can be for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia as well as for the cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Other indications for PDE10 inhibitors include psychoses resulting from drug abuse (including amphetamines and PCP), encephalitis, alcoholism, epilepsy, Lupus, sarcoidosis, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, dementia with Lewy bodies, or hypoglycemia. Other psychiatric disorders, like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizoid personality can also be treated with PDE10 inhibitors.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been linked to deficits in the frontal-striatal neuronal pathways (Saxena et al., Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl, 35:26-37, 1998). Neurons in these pathways project to striatal neurons that express PDE10. PDE10 inhibitors cause cAMP to be elevated in these neurons; elevations in cAMP result in an increase in CREB phosphorylation and thereby improve the functional state of these neurons. The compounds of the present invention are therefore suitable for use in the indication of OCD. OCD may result, in some cases, from streptococcal infections that cause autoimmune reactions in the basal ganglia (Giedd et al., Am J Psychiatry. 157:281-283, 2000). Because PDE10 inhibitors may serve a neuroprotective role, administration of PDE10 inhibitors may prevent the damage to the basal ganglia after repeated streptococcal infections and thereby prevent the development of OCD.
In the brain, the level of cAMP or cGMP within neurons is believed to be related to the quality of memory, especially long term memory. Without wishing to be bound to any particular mechanism, it is proposed that, since PDE10 degrades cAMP or cGMP, the level of this enzyme affects memory in animals, for example, in humans. A compound that inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) can thereby increase intracellular levels of cAMP, which in turn activate a protein kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor (cAMP response binding protein). The phosphorylated transcription factor then binds to a DNA promoter sequence to activate genes that are important in long term memory. The more active such genes are, the better is long-term memory. Thus, by inhibiting a phosphodiesterase, long term memory can be enhanced.
Dementias are diseases that include memory loss and additional intellectual impairment separate from memory. The compounds of the present invention are suitable for use in treating patients suffering from memory impairment in all forms of dementia. Dementias are classified according to their cause and include: neurodegenerative dementias (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease), vascular (e.g., infarcts, hemorrhage, cardiac disorders), mixed vascular and Alzheimer's, bacterial meningitis, Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic (e.g., subdural hematoma or traumatic brain injury), infectious (e.g., HIV), genetic (down syndrome), toxic (e.g., heavy metals, alcohol, some medications), metabolic (e.g., vitamin B12 or folate deficiency), CNS hypoxia, Cushing's disease, psychiatric (e.g., depression and schizophrenia), and hydrocephalus.
The condition of memory impairment is manifested by impairment of the ability to learn new information and/or the inability to recall previously learned information. The present invention includes methods for dealing with memory loss separate from dementia, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-related cognitive decline. The present invention includes methods of treatment for memory impairment as a result of disease. Memory impairment is a primary symptom of dementia and can also be a symptom associated with such diseases as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, HIV, cardiovascular disease, and head trauma as well as age-related cognitive decline. The compounds of the present invention are suitable for use in the treatment of memory impairment due to, for example, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amylolaterosclerosis (ALS), multiple systems atrophy (MSA), schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, depression, aging, head trauma, stroke, spinal cord injury, CNS hypoxia, cerebral senility, diabetes associated cognitive impairment, memory deficits from early exposure of anesthetic agents, multiinfarct dementia and other neurological conditions including acute neuronal diseases, as well as HIV and cardiovascular diseases.
The compounds of the present invention are also suitable for use in the treatment of a class of disorders known as polyglutamine-repeat diseases. These diseases share a common pathogenic mutation. The expansion of a CAG repeat, which encodes the amino acid glutamine, within the genome leads to production of a mutant protein having an expanded polyglutamine region. For example, Huntington's disease has been linked to a mutation of the protein huntingtin. In individuals who do not have Huntington's disease, huntingtin has a polyglutamine region containing about 8 to 31 glutamine residues. For individuals who have Huntington's disease, huntingtin has a polyglutamine region with over 37 glutamine residues. Aside from Huntington's disease (HD), other known polyglutamine-repeat diseases and the associated proteins include dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, DRPLA (atrophin-1); spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (ataxin-1); spinocerebellar ataxia type-2 (ataxin-2); spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (also called Machado-Joseph disease or MJD) (ataxin-3); spinocerebellar ataxia type-6 (alpha 1a-voltage dependent calcium channel); spinocerebellar ataxia type-7 (ataxin-7); and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also know as Kennedy disease).
The basal ganglia are important for regulating the function of motor neurons; disorders of the basal ganglia result in movement disorders. Most prominent among the movement disorders related to basal ganglia function is Parkinson's disease (Obeso et al., Neurology. 62(1 Suppl 1):517-30, 2004). Other movement disorders related to dysfunction of the basal ganglia include tardive dyskinesia, progressive supranuclear palsy and cerebral palsy, corticobasal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, Wilson disease, dystonia, tics, and chorea. The compounds of the invention are also suitable for use to treat movement disorders related to dysfunction of basal ganglia neurons.
PDE10 inhibitors are useful in raising cAMP or cGMP levels and prevent neurons from undergoing apoptosis. PDE10 inhibitors may be anti-inflammatory by raising cAMP in glial cells. The combination of anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as positive effects on synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, make these compounds useful to treat neurodegeneration resulting from any disease or injury, including stroke, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amylolaterosclerosis (ALS), and multiple systems atrophy (MSA).
Autoimmune diseases or infectious diseases that affect the basal ganglia may result in disorders of the basal ganglia including ADHD, OCD, tics, Tourette's disease, Sydenham chorea. In addition, any insult to the brain can potentially damage the basal ganglia including strokes, metabolic abnormalities, liver disease, multiple sclerosis, infections, tumors, drug overdoses or side effects, and head trauma. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention can be used to stop disease progression or restore damaged circuits in the brain by a combination of effects including increased synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory, nerve cell regeneration and decreased apoptosis.
The growth of some cancer cells is inhibited by cAMP and cGMP. Upon transformation, cells may become cancerous by expressing PDE10 and reducing the amount of cAMP or cGMP within cells. In these types of cancer cells, inhibition of PDE10 activity inhibits cell growth by raising cAMP. In some cases, PDE10 may be expressed in the transformed, cancerous cell but not in the parent cell line. In transformed renal carcinoma cells, PDE10 is expressed and PDE10 inhibitors reduce the growth rate of the cells in culture. Similarly, breast cancer cells are inhibited by administration of PDE10 inhibitors. Many other types of cancer cells may also be sensitive to growth arrest by inhibition of PDE10. Therefore, compounds disclosed in this invention can be used to stop the growth of cancer cells that express PDE10.
The compounds of the invention are also suitable for use in the treatment of diabetes and related disorders such as obesity, by focusing on regulation of the cAMP signaling system. By inhibiting PDE-10, especially PDE-10A, intracellular levels of cAMP are increased, thereby increasing the release of insulin-containing secretory granules and, therefore, increasing insulin secretion. See, for example, WO 2005/012485. The compounds of Formula (I) can also be used to treat diseases disclosed in US Patent application publication No. 2006/019975.
Testing
The PDE10 inhibitory activities of the compounds of the present invention can be tested, for example, using the in vitro and in vivo assays described in the Biological Examples below.
Administration and Pharmaceutical Compositions
In general, the compounds of this invention can be administered in a therapeutically effective amount by any of the accepted modes of administration for agents that serve similar utilities. The actual amount of a compound of this invention, i.e., the active ingredient, depends upon numerous factors, such as the severity of the disease to be treated, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used, the route and form of administration, and other factors.
Therapeutically effective amounts of compounds of formula (I) may range from approximately 0.1-1000 mg per day; preferably 0.5 to 250 mg/day, more preferably 3.5 mg to 70 mg per day.
In general, compounds of this invention can be administered as pharmaceutical compositions by any one of the following routes: oral, systemic (e.g., transdermal, intranasal or by suppository), or parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous) administration. The preferred manner of administration is oral using a convenient daily dosage regimen, which can be adjusted according to the degree of affliction. Compositions can take the form of tablets, pills, capsules, semisolids, powders, sustained release formulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols, or any other appropriate compositions.
The choice of formulation depends on various factors, such as the mode of drug administration (e.g., for oral administration, formulations in the form of tablets, pills or capsules are preferred) and the bioavailability of the drug substance. Recently, pharmaceutical formulations have been developed especially for drugs that show poor bioavailability based upon the principle that bioavailability can be increased by increasing the surface area, i.e., decreasing particle size. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,288 describes a pharmaceutical formulation having particles in the size range from 10 to 1,000 nm in which the active material is supported on a crosslinked matrix of macromolecules. U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,684 describes the production of a pharmaceutical formulation in which the drug substance is pulverized to nanoparticles (average particle size of 400 nm) in the presence of a surface modifier and then dispersed in a liquid medium to give a pharmaceutical formulation that exhibits remarkably high bioavailability.
The compositions are comprised of, in general, a compounds of the present invention in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aid administration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit of the compounds of the present invention. Such excipient may be any solid, liquid, semi-solid or, in the case of an aerosol composition, gaseous excipient that is generally available to one of skill in the art.
Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk and the like. Liquid and semisolid excipients may be selected from glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol and various oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, e.g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, etc. Preferred liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions, include water, saline, aqueous dextrose, and glycols.
Compressed gases may be used to disperse a compound of this invention in aerosol form. Inert gases suitable for this purpose are nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Other suitable pharmaceutical excipients and their formulations are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gennaro, A. R. (Mack Publishing Company, 18th ed., 1995).
The level of the compound in a formulation can vary within the full range employed by those skilled in the art. Typically, the formulation contains, on a weight percent (wt %) basis, from about 0.01-99.99 wt % of a compounds of the present invention based on the total formulation, with the balance being one or more suitable pharmaceutical excipients. Preferably, the compound is present at a level of about 1-80 wt %.
The compounds can be administered as the sole active agent or in combination with other pharmaceutical agents such as other agents used in the treatment of psychoses, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment and/or memory loss, e.g., nicotinic α-7 agonists, PDE4 inhibitors, other PDE10 inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, muscarinic m1 and m2 modulators, adenosine receptor modulators, ampakines, NMDA-R modulators, mGluR modulators, dopamine modulators, serotonin modulators, canabinoid modulators, and cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigimine, and galanthanamine). In such combinations, each active ingredient can be administered either in accordance with their usual dosage range or a dose below their usual dosage range, and can be administered either simultaneously or sequentially.
Drugs suitable in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, other suitable schizophrenia drugs such as Clozaril, Zyprexa, Risperidone, and Seroquel; bipolar disorder drugs, including, but not limited to, Lithium, Zyprexa, and Depakote; Parkinson's disease drugs, including, but not limited to, Levodopa, Parlodel, Permax, Mirapex, Tasmar, Contan, Kemadin, Artane, and Cogentin; agents used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, including, but not limited to, Reminyl, Cognex, Aricept, Exelon, Akatinol, Neotropin, Eldepryl, Estrogen and Cliquinol; agents used in the treatment of dementia, including, but not limited to, Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Risperidone, Cognex, Aricept, and Exelon; agents used in the treatment of epilepsy, including, but not limited to, Dilantin, Luminol, Tegretol, Depakote, Depakene, Zarontin, Neurontin, Barbita, Solfeton, and Felbatol; agents used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, including, but not limited to, Detrol, Ditropan XL, OxyContin, Betaseron, Avonex, Azothioprine, Methotrexate, and Copaxone; agents used in the treatment of Huntington's disease, including, but not limited to, Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Despiramine, Nortriptyline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Setraline, Terabenazine, Haloperidol, Chloropromazine, Thioridazine, Sulpride, Quetiapine, Clozapine, and Risperidone; agents useful in the treatment of diabetes, including, but not limited to, PPAR ligands (e.g. agonists, antagonists, such as Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone and Pioglitazone), insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylurea drugs, such as Glyburide, Glimepiride, Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide, and Glipizide, and non-sulfonyl secretagogues), α-glucosidase inhibitors (such as Acarbose, Miglitol, and Voglibose), insulin sensitizers (such as the PPAR-γ agonists, e.g., the glitazones; biguanides, PTP-1B inhibitors, DPP-IV inhibitors, and 11beta-HSD inhibitors), hepatic glucose output lowering compounds (such as glucagon antagonists and metaformin, e.g., Glucophage and Glucophage XR), insulin and insulin derivatives (both long and short acting forms and formulations of insulin); and anti-obesity drugs, including, but not limited to, β-3 agonists, CB-1 agonists, neuropeptide Y5 inhibitors, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor and derivatives (e.g., Axokine), appetite suppressants (e.g., Sibutramine), and lipase inhibitors (e.g., Orlistat).
EXPERIMENTAL
Unless otherwise noted, all materials were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd and used without further purification. All microwave assisted reactions were conducted with a Initiator Synthesizer® from Biotage®. All compounds showed NMR spectra consistent with their assigned structures. Melting points were determined on a Buchi apparatus and are uncorrected. Mass spectral data was determined by electrospray ionization technique. All examples were purified to >90% purity as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Unless otherwise stated, reactions were run at room temperature.
The following abbreviations are commonly used:

    Ac the group CH3—(CO)—
    AcOH or HOAc acetic acid
    Ac2O acetic anhydride
    BINAP 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene
    BnO Benzyloxy
    Boc2O di-tert-butyl dicarbonate
    BTEA-Cl benzyltriethylammonium chloride
    Bz Benzyl group
    Cbz carboxylic acid benzyl ester
    CDI 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole
    d Day
    DCM Dichloromethane
    DIAD (CH3)2CHOOCN═NCOOCH(CH3)2 
    DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
    Diox Dioxane
    DIPEA diisopropylethyl amine
    DMA Dimethylamine
    DMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
    DME Dimethoxyethane
    DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
    Dess martin Periodinane 1,1,1-Tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one
    DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
    DPPA diphenyl phosphoryl azide
    EDCI N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
    ESI-MS electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
    Et2O diethyl ether
    EtOAc ethyl acetate
    EtOH ethyl alcohol
    Et3N triethyl amine
    g Grams
    h hour or hours
    HATU O-(7-Azobenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
    HBTU 2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminium hexafluorophosphate
    HCl Hydrochloric acid
    HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
    IPA isopropyl alcohol
    i Pr2NEt diisopropylethylamine
    i PrOH Isopropyl alcohol
    ISCO in-situ chemical oxidation
    Lawesson reagent 4-Methoxyphenylthiophosphoric cyclic di(thioanhydride), LR, 2,4-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dithioxo-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane, 2,4-Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide
    LCMS liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
    LDA Lithium diisopropyl amide
    LiHMDS Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
    Me Methyl
    MeCN Acetonitrile
    MeI Iodomethane
    MeOH methyl alcohol
    MeOD deuteurated methyl alcohol
    mg Milligrams
    min Min
    mL Milliliters
    Mo—(CO)6 molybdenum hexacarbonyl
    MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
    NBS N-bromosuccinimide
    NMP 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
    NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
    NOESY nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy
    Pd(dppf)Cl2 [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane
    PMBCl 1-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene
    PTSA p-toluenesulfonic acid
    Py pyridine
    RT RT
    sat. saturated
    t-bu tert-butyl group
    TFA trifluoroacetic acid
    THF tetrahydrofuran
    TLC thin layer chromatography
    TMSCl Trimethylsilyl chloride
    TBDPS Tert-Butylchlorodiphenyl
    Tol Toluene
    TsCl 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (CH3C6H4SO2Cl)
    Xantphos 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene

General Synthetic Methodology:



The compounds of the present invention can be prepared from commercially available starting materials and by using general synthetic techniques known to those of skill in the art. Outlined below are general reaction schemes suitable for preparing the compounds of the invention claimed herein. Further exemplification is found in the specific examples provided. One skilled in the art will understand that similar or related methods can be used for the synthesis of the compounds. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that in several instances it is possible to change the order of the steps used in the preparation of these compounds and obtain similar results.







Alternatively, compounds of formula (I) can be prepared as follows:





General Scheme 1 above shows a general method for preparing compounds of formula (I) of the invention, for example wherein R2 is NH-L2, as defined herein, via key intermediate compounds (1) and (2), which include the cis and trans isomers. A cis isomer of compound (I) is depicted in the above scheme to obtain the cis compound of formula (I). However, those skilled in the art would appreciate that the trans isomer of (1) can produce the trans isomer compound of formula (I) thereof.
In the general schemes that follow, while the cis isomer is specified, it can be appreciated that the trans isomers can be produced by using the trans isomer starting material.
More specific examples of General Scheme 1 are depicted below in General Schemes 1A-1B.




Preparation 1




Preparation 1A: 2-Fluoro-3-(Tetrahydro-Pyran-4-YL)-Pyridine
Step 1. 3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-2-FLUORO-PYRIDINE
A mixture of 3-bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine (500 mg, 2.84 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (656 mg, 3.12 mmol), K3PO4 (1.2 g, 5.68 mmol), and Pd (dppf)Cl2 (208 mg, 0.284 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane/H2O (5:1) (30 mL) was heated to reflux overnight under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated and purification by prep-TLC to give 2-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine (260 mg, 1.45 mmol, 51.2%).
Step 2. 2-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDINE
To a solution of 3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-2-fluoro-pyridine (260 mg, 1.45 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added Pd/C (0.1 g), bubbled with H2 and stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give 2-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine (250 mg, 1.38 mmol, 95.3% yield).
Preparation 1B: 2-FLUORO-3-(2-METHYLPYRIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDINE




Step 1. 2-FLUORO-3-(2-METHYLPYRIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDINE
A mixture of 4-bromo-2-methylpyridine (25.0 g, 145 mmol), 2-fluoropyridin-3-ylboronic acid (22.5 g, 160 mmol), Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (5.10 g, 7.27 mmol), and sodium carbonate (46.2 g, 436 mmol) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane:ethanol:water (7:2:0.75, 292.5 ml total volume) was heated to 80° C. for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and water, then extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined organic extracts were then extracted with 2 N aqueous HCl solution (4×). The combined aqueous layers were washed with dichloromethane, then the pH was raised to 10 with 10 N NaOH. The resulting suspension was extracted with dichloromethane (3×). The combined extracts were concentrated in vacuo to give 2-fluoro-3-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)pyridine (22.14 g, 118 mmol, 81% yield).
Preparation 2: 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE




Step 1. ((1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPAN-2-YLOXY)METHYL)BENZENE
A mixture of mercury (II) chloride (0.05 g, 0.18 mmol), epichlorohydrin (34.0 g, 367 mmol), and benzyl bromide (64.7 g, 378 mmol) in a 500 mL two necked flask with a reflux condenser and thermometer (to measure internal temperature), under nitrogen atmosphere, was slowly heated to 150° C. internal temperature over 6 h. Heating at that temperature continued for 12 h, and then the mixture was cooled to RT. Vacuum distillation gave product as a colorless oil. (55.6 g, 57%). (BP=125-130° C. at <5 mmHg).
Step 2. DIETHYL 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANE-1,1-DICARBOXYLATE
A solution of NaOEt in EtOH was prepared by dissolving sodium (1.75 g, 76 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. This solution was added slowly to a solution of ((1-bromo-3-chloropropan-2-yloxy)methyl)benzene (8.0 g, 30.4 mmol) and diethyl malonate (11.58 mL, 76 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) under nitrogen via addition funnel. This mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h, then cooled to RT. The resulting suspension was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by distillation. The resulting mixture was heated to 125° C. for 2 h, cooled to RT, and filtered to remove the resulting solid, the solid was washed with EtOH and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give diester. This material was taken to the next step without further purification.
Step 3. 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANE-1,1-DICARBOXYLIC ACID
An aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide was prepared by dissolving potassium hydroxide (8.52 g, 152 mmol) in water (11 mL). This solution was added slowly to a solution of diethyl 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (obtained in step 2) in EtOH (30 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere and the mixture was then heated to reflux for 45 min, then cooled to RT. The organic solvent was removed in vacuo and water (20 mL) was added. The aqueous suspension was then taken to pH 2-3 with conc. HCl (about 6 mL). MeOtBu (35 mL) was added, the resulting biphasic mixture was stirred vigorously for 10 minutes, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with MeOtBu again, the combined extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow oil. Toluene (35 mL) was added and the solution was concentrated in vacuo, during which time a solid precipitated. After all the toluene had been removed, toluene (30 mL) was again added. The resulting suspension was heated to 90° C. for 45 minutes, then cooled back to 15° C. with an ice bath. The suspension was filtered and the collected solid was washed with cyclohexane and dried to give product as a white solid (3.51 g, 46% for 2 steps).
Step 4. 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID
A solution of 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (1.5 g, 5.99 mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) was heated in a 120° C. oil bath for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and the pyridine was removed under vacuum. Toluene (10 mL) was added and the solution was washed with 1N HCl (3×), dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give product as a brown oil (1.17 g, 95%).
Step 5. TERT-BUTYL 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYLCARBAMATE
A solution of 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (3.40 g, 16.49 mmol), DPPA (4.62 mL, 21.43 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (3.73 mL, 21.43 mmol) in toluene (35 mL) under argon was warmed to 80° C. and stirred for 7 h, then cooled to RT. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and then added slowly via canula to a suspension of potassium tert butoxide (3.70 g, 33.0 mmol) in THF (50 mL) under argon held at RT. The mixture was then stirred for 1 h and EtOAc and water were then added. The layers were separated, and the organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/hexane gradient) to give product as a white solid (3.42 g, 75%).
Step 6. 3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE
HCl (5-6 N in IPA, 3 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutylcarbamate (1.07 g, 3.86 mmol) in THF (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, then cooled to RT. The solvent was removed in vacuo and EtOAc (10 mL) was added. The resulting suspension was cooled to 0° C. for 1 h, then the solid was collected by filtration to give the amine as a white solid (601 mg, 73%).
Preparation 3: 1-(4-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ETHANONE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL 4-IODOPIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A solution of N-Boc-4-hydroxypiperidine (246 g, 1.224 mol), imidazole (100 g, 1.469 mol, 1.2 eq.) and triphenylphosphine (385 g, 1.469 mol, 1.2 eq.) in THF (750 mL) was cooled using an ice bath. Then a solution of iodine (373 g, 1.469 mol, 1.2 eq.) in THF (750 mL) was added slowly over a period of 1 h keeping the internal temperature below 18° C. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 5 h and the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (2 L), brine (1 L) and water (500 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L×2). The organic layers were combined, washed with 15% aqueous sodium sulfite (1 L), brine (1 L), dried and concentrated. The resulting residue was stirred with hexanes (2 L) and the solid was removed by filtration. The solid was stirred with hexanes (2 L×2) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give 363 g of crude oil which was purified by column chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate=50:1 to 20:1) to afford 319 g tert-butyl 4-iodopiperidine-1-carboxylate Yield: 84%.
Step 2. TERT-BUTYL 4-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
To a suspension of activated zinc dust (84.4 g, 1.29 mol, 1.94 eq.) in anhydrous DMA (270 mL) was added 1,2-dibromoethane (9.1 mL, 0.106 mol, 0.16 eq.), followed by the slow addition of chlorotrimethylsilane (13.5 mL, 0.106 mol, 0.16 eq.) over a period of 5 min. The resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min under nitrogen. Then a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (329 g, 1.06 mol, 1.59 eq.) in anhydrous DMA (670 mL) was added to the above suspension over a period of 45 min keeping the internal temperature below 65° C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h while cooling back to room temperature. The prepared zinc reagent was allowed to stand and the upper clear solution was transferred to a degassed and well stirred solution of 2,3-dichloropyrazine (99 g, 0.664 mol, 1 eq.), PdCl2(dppf) CH2Cl2 (16.3 g, 19.9 mmol, 0.03 eq.) and CuI (7.8 g, 41.2 mmol, 0.062 eq.) in anhydrous DMA (670 mL) using a cannula. DMA (400 mL) was used to rinse the remaining zinc dust and added to the above mixture. The resulting mixture was heated to 80° C. under nitrogen and stirred overnight (19 h). The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with brine (1 L) and ethyl acetate (6 L). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 L) and organic extracts were combined, washed with brine (1 L), dried and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate=9:1 to 6:1) to give 92 g tert-butyl 4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate. Yield: 47%.
Step 3. 2-CHLORO-3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZINE
To a well stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (92 g, 0.309 mol, 1 eq.) in dichloromethane (1 L) was added trifluoroacetic acid (119 mL, 1.545 mol, 5 eq.). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux overnight (16 h). The mixture was concentrated and the resulting TFA salt was dried with toluene (500 mL) azetropically to give 150 g 2-chloro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazine. This was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 4. 1-(4-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ETHANONE
To an ice cooled solution of 2-chloro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazine-3TFA (150 g, 0.278 mol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (1.5 L) kept under nitrogen was added triethylamine (194 mL, 1.39 mol, 5 eq.) over a period of 15 min., followed by acetic anhydride (53 mL, 0.556 mol, 2 eq.) over a period of 10 min. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h and quenched with 500 mL of water. After separation, the organic phase was further washed with water (500 mL) and brine (500 mL). The aqueous phases were combined and back extracted with dichloromethane (1 L). Organic extracts were combined, dried and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate=2:3 to 100% ethyl acetate) to give 70 g 1-(4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone. Yield: 94% for two steps.
Preparation 4A: TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-HYDROXYCYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL (3-OXOCYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
A 22 L three neck flask was charged with 3-oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (630 g, 5.52 mol, 1.0 equiv), toluene (12 L), and triethylamine (850 mL, 6.07 mol, 1.1 equiv). The acid dissolved in toluene after the addition of triethylamine. The solution was cooled below 10° C. and diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) (1.32 L, 6.07 mol, 1.1 equiv) was added dropwise over 15 minutes under N2. The solution was then warmed up to RT and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was then transferred to 22 L separatory funnel, washed with aqueous NaHCO3 (2×4 L), water (4 L), brine (2 L), dried over MgSO4 and filtered. The filtrate was then transferred to a 22 L three neck flask and to it was added tert-butanol (1260 mL, 13.2 mol, 2.4 equiv). The resultant reaction mixture was then heated at reflux overnight. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated under reduced pressure. Another 70 g batch was combined prior to the column purification. The crude residue thus obtained was then purified using column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes (25:75 to 40:60) to afford 350 g of tert-butyl (3-oxocyclobutyl)carbamate (30% yield).
Step 2. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-HYDROXYCYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
Tert-butyl (3-oxocyclobutyl)carbamate (280 g, 1.51 mol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (6.0 L). To this solution under N2 atmosphere at −74° C. (acetone/dry ice bath) was added L-selectride (1 M in THF, 1.82 L, 1.82 mol, 1.2 equiv) drop-wise over 30 min. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at −74° C. for 2 h and allowed to warm up to RT and stirred overnight. Disappearance of starting material was monitored in LCMS. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to −40° C. and quenched with ice-cold water (4.0 L). The crude reaction mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate (2×8.0 L) and the combined organic extracts was washed with brine (4.0 L), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue thus obtained was then purified using column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate/hexanes (20:80) to ethyl acetate/MeOH (98:02) to afford 201 g of the tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (71% yield). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.80-1.75 (m, 2H), 2.26 (bs, 1H), 2.80-2.72 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.64 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.98 (m, 1H), 4.69 (bs, 1H).
Preparation 4B: TERT-BUTYL (3-HYDROXYCYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE




To tert-butyl (3-oxocyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A, STEP 1; 110 g, 0.594 mol, 1 eq) in ethanol (600 mL) was slowly added sodium borohydride (11.23 g, 0.297 mol, 0.5 eq) at 0° C. Reaction mixture was warmed to RT and stirred at this temperature for 2 h. It was quenched with water (1 L). Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Water layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×2 L). Combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Residue was purified by column chromatography with aluminum oxide (Eluent: 20% EtOAc in hexane to 10% MeOH in DCM) to get 64 g of tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate as a white solid in 58% yield.
Preparation 5A: (1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a mixture of 2,3-dichloro-pyrazine (3.0 g, 20 mmol) and tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 3.65 g, 20 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (13.2 g, 40 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water, and dried to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (5.7 g, 19.0 mmol, 96.6%). ESI-MS (M+1): 300 calc. for C13H18ClN3O3 299.
Step 2. (1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To a mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) carbamate (2.8 g, 9.3 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added HCl/MeOH (20 mL, saturated with HCl gas), and then stirred at RT for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give (1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (2.18 g, 9.3 mmol, yield 100%). ESI-MS (M+1): 200 calc. for C8H10ClN3O 199.
Preparation 5B: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5A; 1.42 g, 6.0 mmol), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (purchased from ALDRICHTM) (1.07 g, 6.0 mmol) and DIEA (1.6 g, 12.0 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (1.80 g, 5.4 mmol, yield 90%). ESI-MS (M+1): 333 calc. for C15H13ClN4OS 332.
Preparation 5C: N-(3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL) BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL (3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a mixture of 2,3-dichloro-pyrazine (3.0 g, 20 mmol) and tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4B; 3.65 g, 20 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (13.2 g, 40 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and filtered. The filtrate cake was washed with water, and dried to give tert-butyl (3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (4.5 g, 15.2 mmol, 76%). ESI-MS (M+1): 300 calc. for C13H18ClN3O3 299.
Step 2. 3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To a mixture of tert-butyl (3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (2.8 g, 9.61 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added HCl/MeOH (20 mL, saturated with HCl gas), and then stirred at RT for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give 3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (2.2 g, 9.61 mmol, 100%). ESI-MS (M+1): 200 calc. for C8H10ClN3O 199.
Step 3. N-(3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A mixture of 3-(3-chloro-pyrazin-2-yloxy)-cyclobutylamine hydrochloride (1.2 g, 6.28 mmol), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (purchased from ALDRICHTM) (1.07 g, 6.28 mmol) and DIEA (1.8 g, 12.56 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL) and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-(3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (3.0 g, 6 mmol, 95.5%). ESI-MS (M+1): 333 calc. for C15H13ClN4OS 332.
Preparation 5D: (1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 5A, step 1; 4 g, 11.2 mmol), 4-(3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-borolan-1-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (2.58 g, 12.4 mmol) and Na2CO3 (2.38 g, 22.4 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) and water (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (410 mg, 0.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (3.5 g, 8.7 mmol, 70%). ESI-MS (M+1): 348 calc. for C18H25N3O4 347.
Step 2. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
A mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (3.5 g, 9.6 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 1.0 g) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 atmosphere (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (3.2 g, 8.1 mmol, 91%). ESI-MS (M+1): 350 calc. for C18H27N3O4 349
Step 3. (1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (3.2 g, 8.8 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give (1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (2 g, 9.8 mmol, 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 250 calc. for C13H19N3O2 249.
Preparation 5E: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)-5,6-DIHYDROPYRIDINE-1(2H)-CARBOXYLATE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 150 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane/water (5:1, 12 mL) was added 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (278 mg, 0.9 mmol), K3PO4 (254 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (44 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purification by prep-HPLC to give tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (86 mg, 0.18 mmol, yield 30%). ESI-MS (M+1): 480 calc. for C25H29N5O3S 479.
Step 2. TERT-BUTYL 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (479 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 500 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give the tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (438 mg, 0.91 mmol, yield 91%). ESI-MS (M+1): 482 calc. for C25H31N5O3S 481.
Step 3. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (481 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (362 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 382 calc. for C20H23N5OS 381.
Preparation 5F: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(AZETIDIN-3-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 187 mg, 1 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) at RT was added sodium hydride (60% wt in mineral oil) (48 mg, 2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 10 mins and then bromomethyl-benzene (171 mg, 1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (146 mg, 0.5 mmol, 50% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 278 calc. for C16H23NO3 277.
Step 2. (1S,3S)-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (277 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (50 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give (1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (168 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 178 calc. for C11H15NO 177.
Step 3. N-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (242 mg, 1 mmol), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (purchased from ALDRICH) (169 mg, 1 mmol) and DIEA (286 mg, 2 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. To the reaction mixture was added water, and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (225 mg, 0.6 mmol, yield 60%). ESI-MS (M+1): 311 calc. for C18H18N2OS 310.
Step 4. (1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTANOL
A mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (310 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 300 mg) in 2 M HCl in EtOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with EtOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give (1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutanol (198 mg, 0.90 mmol, yield 90%). ESI-MS (M+1): 221 calc. for C11H12N2OS 220.
Step 5. TERT-BUTYL 3-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)AZETIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
To a mixture of (1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutanol (220 mg, 1 mmol) and tert-butyl 3-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (see PREPARATION 10; 269 mg, 1 mmol) in DMSO (50 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (652 mg, 2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and filtered. The filtrate cake was washed with water, and dried to give tert-butyl 3-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (272 mg, 0.6 mmol, yield 60%). ESI-MS (M+1): 454 calc. for C23H27N5O3S 453.
Step 6. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(AZETIDIN-3-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 3-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate (481 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(azetidin-3-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (362 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 354 calc. for C18H19N5OS 353.
Preparation 5G: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5A; 1.2 g, 6.28 mmol), 2-chloro-quinoline (purchased from Alfa AesarTM) (1.02 g, 6.28 mmol) and DIEA (1.8 g, 12.56 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 200° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The organic phase was collected, washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (921 mg, 2.83 mmol, 45%). ESI-MS (M+1): 327 calc. for C17H15ClN4O 326.
Preparation 5H: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)-5,6-DIHYDROPYRIDINE-1(2H)-CARBOXYLATE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5G; 326 mg, 1 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane/H2O (5:1, 12 mL) was added tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (340 mg, 1.1 mmol), K3PO4 (424 mg, 2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (37 mg, 0.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (237 mg, 0.5 mmol, yield 50%).
Step 2: TERT-BUTYL 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY) PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (473 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 500 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (432 mg, 0.91 mmol, yield 91%). ESI-MS (M+1): 476 calc. for C27H33N5O3 475.
Step 3: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (475 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine hydrochloride (356 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 376 calc. for C22H25N5O 375.
Preparation 5I: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-5-FLUOROBENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5A; 470 mg, 2 mmol), 2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole (see PREPARATION 6; 374 mg, 2 mmol) and DIEA (570 mg, 4 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL) and water, the organic phase was washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (450 mg, 1.28 mmol, 64% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 351 calc. for C15H12ClFN4OS 350.
Preparation 5J: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINAZOLIN-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5A; 1.2 g, 6.28 mmol), 2-chloroquinazoline (1.03 g, 6.28 mmol) and DIEA (1.8 g, 12.56 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 200° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was poured into water, and extracted with EtOAc (40 mL). The organic phase was collected, washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinazolin-2-amine (925 mg, 2.83 mmol, 45%). ESI-MS (M+1): 328 calc. for C16H14ClN5O 327.
Preparation 6: 2-CHLORO-5-FLUOROBENZO[D]THIAZOLE




Step 1. 5-FLUOROBENZO[D]THIAZOLE-2-THIOL
A mixture of 2,5-difluoro-phenylamine (129 mg, 1 mmol) and potassium o-ethyl dithiocarbonate (352 mg, 2.2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was heated to 120° C. for 15 min in microwave. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with 10 mL of ice water, and acidified with 3 mL of HCl solution (1 mol/L). Then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The dried organic layers were concentrated to give 5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol (120 mg, 0.67 mmol, 67%). ESI-MS (M+1): 185 calc. for C7H4FN4S2 184.
Step 2. 2-CHLORO-5-FLUOROBENZO[D]THIAZOLE
Sulfuryl chloride (0.3 mL, 4.41 mmol) was added neat to 5-fluoro-benzothiazole-2-thiol (680 mg, 3.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour, and then heated to 60° C. for 40 mins. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature, and poured onto ice, extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The dried organic layers were concentrated to give 2-chloro-5-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole (520 mg, 2.75 mmol, 75%). ESI-MS (M+1): 187 calc. for C7H5ClFN4S 186.
Preparation 7A: TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMO-5-FLUOROPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE




To a mixture of 3-bromo-2,5-difluoro-pyridine (500 mg, 2.58 mmol) and tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 485 mg, 2.58 mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (1.68 g, 5.16 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The dried organic layers were concentrated to tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromo-5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (380 mg, 1.06 mmol, 41%). ESI-MS (M+1): 361 calc. for C14H18BrFN2O3 360.
Preparation 7B: TERT-BUTYL (3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE




To a solution of tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4B; 1.08 g, 3.8 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) at RT was added sodium hydride (60% wt in mineral oil) (0.18 g, 7.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min and then 3-Bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine (665 mg, 3.8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (391 mg, 1.14 mmol, 30% yield) as white solid. ESI-MS (M+1): 343 calc. for C14H19BrN2O3 342.
Preparation 7C: 3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1: TERT-BUTYL (3-((3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl (3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 7B; 343 mg, 1 mmol), 4-(3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-borolan-1-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (2.27 mg, 1.1 mmol) and K3PO4 (424 mg, 2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (36.6 mg, 0.05 mmol) then the reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 for overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give tert-butyl (3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (242 mg, 0.7 mmol, yield 70%). ESI-MS (M+1): 347 calc. for C19H26N2O4 346
Step 2: TERT-BUTYL (3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
A mixture of tert-butyl (3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (346 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 200 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl (3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (331 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 349 calc. for C19H28N2O4 348.
Step 3: 3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl (3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (348 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (248 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 249 calc. for C19H28N2O4 248.
Preparation 7D: (1S,3S)-3-((5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1: TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-5-FLUOROPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromo-5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 7A; 430 mg, 1.19 mmol), 4-(3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-borolan-1-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (372 mg, 1.79 mmol) and K3PO4 (505 mg, 2.38 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (87 mg, 0.12 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.55 mmol, yield 46%). ESI-MS (M+1): 365 calc. for C19H25FN2O4 364.
Step 2: TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
A mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (100 mg, 0.275 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 80 mg) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and the filtrate was concentrated to give the desired compound (80 mg, 0.22 mmol, yield 80%). ESI-MS (M+1): 367 calc. for C19H27FN2O4 366.
Step 3: (1S,3S)-3-((5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.546 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added MeOH (10 mL, saturated with HCl gas), and then stirred at RT for 2 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give (1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (180 g, 0.535 mmol, 98%). ESI-MS (M+1): 267 calc. for C14H19FN2O2 266.
Preparation 7E: N-(3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL) BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




Step 1: 3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl (3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 7B; 342 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (50 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (223 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 243 calc. for C9H11BrN2O 242.
Step 2: N-(3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A mixture of 3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (242 mg, 1 mmol), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (169 mg, 1 mmol) and DIEA (286 mg, 2 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was added water, extracted with EtOAc (40 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography to give N-(3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (225 mg, 0.6 mmol, yield 60%). ESI-MS (M+1): 376 calc. for C16H14BrN3OS 375.
Preparation 7F: (1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1: TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL) CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 1.08 g, 3.8 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) at RT was added sodium hydride (60% wt in mineral oil) (0.18 g, 7.6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min and then 3-bromo-2-fluoro-pyridine (665 mg, 3.8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (391 mg, 1.14 mmol, 30%) as white solid. ESI-MS (M+1): 343 calc. for C14H19BrN2O3 342.
Step 2: (1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (342 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (50 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give (1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (223 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 243 calc. for C9H11BrN2O 242.
Preparation 7G: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (1.52 g, 6.28 mmol), 2-chloro-quinoline (purchased from Alfa AesarTM) (1.02 g, 6.28 mmol) and DIEA (1.8 g, 12.56 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 200° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was added water, extracted with EtOAc (40 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (1.04 g, 2.83 mmol, 45%). ESI-MS (M+1): 370 calc. for C18H16BrN3O 369.
Preparation 7H: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1: TERT-BUTYL 2-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)-5′,6′-DIHYDRO-[3,4′-BIPYRIDINE]-1′(2′H)-CARBOXYLATE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (see PREPARATION 7G; 222 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane/H2O (5:1, 12 mL) was added tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (278 mg, 0.9 mmol), K3PO4 (254 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (44 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purification by prep-HPLC to give tert-butyl 2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (86 mg, 0.18 mmol, yield 30%). ESI-MS (M+1): 473 calc. for C28H32N4O3 472.
Step 2: TERT-BUTYL 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (472 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 500 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (431 mg, 0.91 mmol, yield 91%). ESI-MS (M+1): 475 calc. for C27H33N5O3 474.
Step 3: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 4-(2-(1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (474 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine hydrochloride (356 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 375 calc. for C22H25N5O 374.
Preparation 71: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 7F) (242 mg, 1 mmol), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (169 mg, 1 mmol) and DIEA (286 mg, 2 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL) and water. The organic phase was collected, washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (225 mg, 0.6 mmol, yield 60%). ESI-MS (M+1): 376 calc. for C16H14BrN3OS 375.
Preparation 7J: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1: TERT-BUTYL 2-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)-5′,6′-DIHYDRO-[3,4′-BIPYRIDINE]-1′(2′H)-CARBOXYLATE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 71; 225 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane/H2O (5:1, 12 mL) was added tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (278 mg, 0.9 mmol), K3PO4 (254 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (44 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purification by flash chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl 2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (86 mg, 0.18 mmol, yield 30%). ESI-MS (M+1): 479 calc. for C26H30N4O3S 478.
Step 2: TERT-BUTYL 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (478 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 500 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (437 mg, 0.91 mmol, yield 91%). ESI-MS (M+1): 481 calc. for C26H32N4O3S 480.
Step 3: N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (480 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (361 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 381 calc. for C21H24N4OS 380.
Preparation 7K: (1S,3S)-3-((6-CHLORO-3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-BROMO-6-CHLOROPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a mixture of 3-bromo-2,6-dichloropyridine (4.5 g, 20 mmol) and tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 3.65 g, 20 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (13.2 g, 40 mmol), and then the mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromo-6-chloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (4.2 g, 11.2 mmol, 56%). ESI-MS (M+1): 377 calc. for C14H18BrClN2O3 376.
Step 2. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((6-CHLORO-3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a solution of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromo-6-chloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (375 mg, 1 mmol), 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (250 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Na2CO3 (212 mg, 2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (36.6 mg, 0.05 mmol) then the reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((6-chloro-3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (265 mg, 0.7 mmol, yield 70%). ESI-MS (M+1): 381 calc. for C19H25ClN2O4 380.
Step 3. (1S,3S)-3-((6-CHLORO-3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((6-chloro-3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (379 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give (1S,3S)-3-((6-chloro-3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (265 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 281 calc. for C14H17ClN2O2 280.
Preparation 7 L: 1-(2-((1S,3S)-3-AMINOCYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDINE-4-CARBONITRILE HYDROCHLORIDE




Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-CYANOPIPERIDIN-1-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
The mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 7F, step 1; 684 mg, 2 mmol, 1.0 eqv), piperidine-4-carbonitrile (220 mg, 2 mmol, 1.0 eqv), Pd2(dba)3 (91 mg, 0.1 mmol), 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthalene (BINAP) (248 mg, 0.4 mmol), potassium tert-butoxide (224 mg, 2 mmol) and toluene (10 ml) was stirred at 100° C. overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to give the title compound (420 mg, 1.1 mmol, 55% yield) ESI-MS (M+1): 373 calc. for C20H28N4O3 372.
Step 2. 1-(2-((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-4-carbonitrile hydrochloride
The mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-cyanopiperidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (420 mg, 1.1 mmol, 1.0 eqv) in HCl/methanol 4N (20 ml) was stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was concentrated to give the title compound (320 mg, 1.04 mmol, 95% yield) ESI-MS (M+1): 273 calc. for C15H20N4O 272
Preparation 8: 2,6-DIFLUORO-3-IODOPYRIDINE




To a mixture of 2,6-difluoropyridine (1.15 g, 10 mmol, 10. eqv) in toluene (300 ml) was added n-BuLi (4.8 ml, 12 mmol, 1.2 eqv) at −78° C. under nitrogen and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 4 hrs. Iodine (2.53 g, 10 mmol) was added with the temperature still below −70° C. The mixture was allowed to warm up to RT and quenched with 10 ml water. The organic solvent was removed under vacuum and the product was collected by filtration. Chromatography by silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc=50:1 to 5:1) to give 2,6-difluoro-3-iodopyridine as solid (1.49 g, 6.1 mmol, 61% yield) ESI-MS (M+1): 242 calc. for C5H2F2IN 241.
Preparation 9: 1-(5-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)ETHANONE




The a mixture of 1-(5-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone (199 mg, 1 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (254 mg, 1 mmol), potassium acetate (AcOK) (196 mg, 2 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (73 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 2.5 h. The mixture was used in the next step without purification.
Preparation 10: TERT-BUTYL 3-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)AZETIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE




Preparation of TERT-BUTYL 3-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YL)AZETIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A 12 L 3-neck round bottom flask fitted with a magnetic stirrer under nitrogen was charged with zinc dust (745 g, pre-activated, 11.4 mol, 2 eq.) and DMA (2 L, anhydrous). 1,2-dibromoethane (71 mL, 0.855 mol, 0.15 eq, Aldrich) was then added over 10 minutes, followed by TMSCl (108 mL, 0.855 mol, 0.15 eq, Acros) over 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 25 minutes at room temperature. A solution of N-Boc-3-iodoazetidine (2420 g, 8.55 mol, 1.5 eq, CNH Technologies) in DMA (5 L, anhydrous) was added via a 2 L addition funnel over 2 h keeping the internal temperature below 65° C. using a water bath. The suspension was stirred for 1 hour at RT at which point it was degassed with nitrogen. Stirring was stopped and the suspension was allowed to stand. A 22 L 3-neck round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer was charged with 2,3-dichloropyrazine (850 g, 5.70 mol, 1.0 eq, AK Scientific), PdCl2dppf.CH2Cl2 (140 g, 171 mmol, 0.03 eq, Aldrich), CuI (67.3 g, 353 mmol, 0.062 eq, Aldrich), and DMA (5 L, anhydrous). The solution was degassed with nitrogen. The clear zinc reagent solution above the residual solid zinc was poured into the 22 L flask under nitrogen. The brown solution was degassed with nitrogen and heated to 80° C. for 16 hours at which point LCMS indicated complete conversion of 2,3-dichloropyrazine. The reaction mixture was transferred to brine (8 L) in 50 L reparatory funnel. Water (8 L) and EtOAc (15 L) were added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 L). The combined organics were washed with water (3×10 L) and brine (5 L), dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography (eluting with hexanes/ethyl acetate=10:1) to get 536 g of pure tert-butyl 3-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate and 121 g of mixed fractions. The impure material was distilled under high vacuum to remove the impurity (N-Boc-azetidine) to give 81 g of pure tert-butyl 3-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate.
Total: 617 g, Yield: 40%.




Example 1
TRANS/CIS-2-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE
Step 1. 2-(4-METHOXY-CYCLOHEXYL)-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE
4-Hydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (2 g, 13.8 mmol) in a mixture of DMF (4 mL) and pyridine (4 mL) was treated with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (2.26 g, 213.8 mmol) at RT and the resulting solution was stirred at 45° C. for 2 h. The mixture was treated with benzene-1,2-diamine (1.5 g, 13.8 mmol) and stirred at RT overnight. After completion, the mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was treated with glacial acetic acid (20 mL) and heated at 110° C. for 0.5 h. The solution was allowed to cool to RT and concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to provide the title compound (3.0 g, 13.0 mmol, 71% yield) as yellow solid.
Step 2. 4-(1H-BENZOIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-CYCLOHEXANOL
A solution of 2-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-1H-benzoimidazole (500 mg, 2.17 mmol) in HI (35%) (5 mL) was heated to 90° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL); the organic layers was combined and washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give the desired product (400 mg, 1.85 mmol, 85% yield) as brown solid.
Step 3. 2-[4-(3-BROMO-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)-CYCLOHEXYL]-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE
The mixture of 4-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-cyclohexanol (0.36 g, 1.67 mmol), 3-bromo-2-chloro-pyridine (0.64 g, 3.34 mmol), t-BuONa (0.37 g, 3.34 mmol) and DMSO (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. for 2 days under N2 atmosphere. Then the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatograph (DCM:MeOH=10:1) to give 2-[4-(3-bromo-pyridin-2-yloxy)-cyclohexyl]-1H-benzoimidazole (0.15 g, 0.403 mmol, 36% yield) as white solid.
Step 4. 2-{4-[3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE
The mixture of 2-[4-(3-bromo-pyridin-2-yloxy)-cyclohexyl]-1H-benzoimidazole (0.15 g, 0.40 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (0.09, 0.40 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2, Na2CO3, dioxane and H2O was heated at 90° C. for 10 h under N2 atmosphere. Then the mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (DCM:MeOH=10:1) to give 2-{4-[3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-1H-benzoimidazole (0.10 g, 0.267 mmol, 75% yield) as light yellow oil.
Step 5. TRANS/CIS 2-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE
The mixture of 2-{4-[3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-1H-benzoimidazole (0.15 g, 0.45 mmol), Pd/C (0.5 g) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred under H2 atmosphere at 40° C. for 24 h. Then the reaction mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC to give trans-2-{4-[3-(Tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-1H-benzoimidazole (0.11 g, 0.292 mmol, 65% yield) and cis-2-{4-[3-(Tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-1H-benzoimidazole (0.1 g, 0.265 mmol, 60% yield) as white solid. [M+1] 378 each. IC50 (uM): (trans) 0.023 and (cis) 0.025.




Example 2
TRANS/CIS 2-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-BENZOTHIAZOLE
Step 1. 2-(4-METHOXY-CYCLOHEXYL)-BENZOTHIAZOLE
A mixture of 2-amino-benzenethiol (796 mg, 6.32 mmol), 4-methoxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1.0 g, 6.32 mmol) and Lawesson reagent (889 mg, 2.2 mmol) was heated to 160 ̃190° C. for 1 h. Then the mixture was diluted with DCM (100 ml) and washed with 10% aqueous NaOH solution (2×10 mL), brine, and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography to give 2-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-benzothiazole which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 2. 4-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-CYCLOHEXANOL
A solution of 2-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-benzothiazole (1.2 g, 5.15 mmol) in HI (35%)(12 mL) was heated to 90° C. for 1 h. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the separated organic layer was washed with brine (2×), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give the desired product (960 mg, 4.12 mmol, 85% yield) as brown solid.
Step 3. TRANS/CIS 2-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-BENZOTHIAZOLE
A mixture of 2-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine, as prepared in preparation 1a, (200 mg, 1.1 mmol), 4-benzothiazol-2-yl-cyclohexanol (257 mg, 1.1 mmol) and NaH (60%) (53 mg, 2.2 mmol) in DMA (4 mL) was heated to 120° C. for 2 h. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the residue was purified by Prep-TLC and then Prep-HPLC to give trans-2-{4-[3-(Tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-benzothiazole (14 mg, 0.036 mmol, 3.2% yield) and cis-2-{4-[3-(Tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-benzothiazole (15 mg, 0.038 mmol, 3.5%). [M+1] 395 each. IC50 (uM): (trans) 0.408 and (cis) 0.584.




Example 3A
TRANS (5-METHYL-PYRIDIN-2-YL)-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-AMINE
Step 1. Trans 4-(5-METHYL-PYRIDIN-2-YLAMINO)-CYCLOHEXANOL
A mixture of 2-Chloro-5-methyl-pyridine (0.1 g, 0.78 mmol), 4-amino-cyclohexanol (0.117 g, 0.78 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.057 g, 0.0624 mmol), t-BuONa (0.262 g, 2.73 mmol) and Binap (0.076 g, 0.1248 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was stirred at 85° C. until TLC analysis confirmed the absence of starting materials. Then the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (5 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc:Petrol ether=1:2) to provide 4-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-cyclohexanol (0.06 g, yield 60%) as a solid.
Step 2. Trans (5-METHYL-PYRIDIN-2-YL)-{4-[3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOHEXYL}-AMINE
4-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-cyclohexanol (50 mg) was added to a solution of 2-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine, as prepared in preparation 1a, (50 mg) in DMSO (15 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred until TLC analysis confirmed the absence of starting materials. Then the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (5 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc:Petrol ether=1:1) to provide (5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-{4-[3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}-amine (0.03 g, yield 60%) as a solid. [M+1] 368. IC50 (uM): 0.057.
Examples 3B and 3C
N-(TRANS-4-(3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE AND N-(TRANS-4-(3-(3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE




Step 1. N-(TRANS-4-(3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE AND N-(TRANS-4-(3-(3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
Sodium hydride (0.054 g, 1.3 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added to a mixture of trans-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclohexanol (0.17 g, 0.67 mmol) in NMP (1.5 mL) in a microwave tube. The tube was sealed and placed under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at RT for 45 min before 3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-2-fluoropyridine, as prepared in preparation 1a, step 1, (0.10 g, 0.56 mmol) was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was warmed to 120° C. and stirred for 1 h. Water was added, and the aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The organic extracts were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give both N-(trans-4-(3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[c/]thiazol-2-amine and N-(trans-4-(3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine as white solids. [M+1] 408.1 each. IC50 (uM): 0.007281 (Example 3b) and 0.9154 (Example 3c).







Example 4
TRANS/CIS-(1H-BENZOIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYL}-METHANONE
Step 1. 3-BROMO-5-FLUORO-PYRIDIN-2-YLAMINE
NBS (10 g, 56.2 mmol) was added slowly to a solution of 5-fluoro-pyridin-2-ylamine (12.4 g, 56.2 mmol) in MeCN (200 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT overnight. After completion, the solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by silica gel chromatography to give the product (5.2 g, 31%) as a yellow solid.
Step 2. 3-BROMO-2,5-DIFLUORO-PYRIDINE
NaNO2 (1.4 g, 14.4 mmol) was added in portions to a solution of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-pyridin-2-ylamine (5.2 g, 17.3 mmol) in a HF/pyridine mixture (40 mL) in a polyethylene reaction vessel. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h, then heated to 50° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured onto crushed ice, partially neutralized with Na2CO3, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give the product (4.1 g, 68%) as a white solid.
Step 3. 3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-2,5-DIFLUORO-PYRIDINE
To a solution of 3-bromo-2,5-difluoro-pyridine (4.1 g, 20.8 mmol) in dioxane (60 mL) was treated with Na2CO3 (4.4 g, 41.6 mmol) in 20 mL of H2O as a solution, followed by additional of 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (4.8 g 22.9 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (761 mg). The resulting mixture was heated at refluxing overnight under N2 atmosphere. TLC showed that most of the staring materials were consumed. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by silica gel chromatography to give the product (3.7 g).
Step 4. 2,5-DIFLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDINE
To a solution of 3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-2,5-difluoro-pyridine (3.7 g, 18.8 mmol) in MeOH (40 mL) was added Pd/C (1.0 g). The reaction solution was stirred at RT overnight under H2 atmosphere until LCMS showed that the starting material was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the product (2.9 g, 78%).
Step 5. 3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
To a solution of methyl 3-hydroxycyclobutanecarboxylate (1.2 g, 9.0 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% wt in mineral oil) (1.8 g, 45 mmol) at RT. The mixture was stirred for 1 h and then 2,5-difluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine (1.8 g, 9.0 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 60° C. for 3 h and then quenched with saturated NH4Cl. The solution was diluted with EtOAc and water and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the product (3.2 g) as yellow oil.
Step 6. 3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID
To a solution of 3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (3.2 g) in MeOH (60 mL) and water (15 mL) at RT was added lithium hydroxide (1.0 g, 41.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. for 2 h and then additional LiOH (400 mg) was added. Stirring was continued at 50° C. for 1 h. The reaction was neutralized with 5 M HCl and concentrated. The concentrated solution was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) and the organic layer was washed with water (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to give the product (1.5 g), which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 7. 3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID METHOXY-METHYL-AMIDE
To a solution of 3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (1.5 g, 4.68 mmol) was added DMF (20 mL), triethylamine (1 mL, 7.02 mmol), and 2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisouronium hexafluorophosphate(V) (2.24 g, 5.90 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1d. Then it was diluted with water and EtOAc. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). All the organic layers were combined and washed with brine (1×10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to get a crude, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (30% to 70% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the product (2.2 g) as yellow oil.
Step 8. {3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYL}-(1-METHOXYMETHYL-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-METHANONE
To a solution of 1-(methoxymethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (1.5 g, 9.04 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at −78° C. was added butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane) (3.7 mL, 9.16 mmol). The solution was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and a solution of 3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid methoxy-methyl-amide (2.2 g, 6.87 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise via cannula. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and then warmed to RT and quenched with water. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×25 mL) and the organic phases were combined and washed with water (1×10 mL), brine (1×10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (10% to 60% EtOAc in hexanes) to give the product (1.2 g) as yellow oil.
Step 9. TRANS/CIS-(1H-BENZOIMIDAZOL-2-YL)-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYL}-METHANONE
To a solution of {3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutyl}-(1-methoxymethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-methanone (1.2 g) in THF (20 mL) at RT was added concentrated HCl (20 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h and then heated to 60° C. for 6 h. The mixture was partially concentrated, neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 and diluted with EtOAc. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in DCM) gave cis-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-{3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutyl}-methanone and trans-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-{3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]-cyclobutyl}-methanone (196 mg) as white solid. [M+1] 396 each. IC50 (uM) 0.00003 (cis) and 0.0005 (trans).








Example 5A
Cis-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YL]-CYCLOBUTYL}-AMINE
Step 1. TRANS/CIS BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-(3-BENZYLOXY-CYCLOBUTYL)-AMINE
A mixture of N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (3 g, 24 mmol), 2-chlorobenzo[d]thiazole (2.0 g, 12 mmol), and 3-benzyloxy-cyclobutylamine (2.08 g, 12 mmol) in DMA (20 mL) was heated to 130° C. for 20 h. Then it was cooled to RT and diluted with EtOAc (50 mL). The mixture was washed with water (2×25 mL), brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 30% EtOAc/hexane gradient) to give two products as a white solid.
Top spot on TLC is cis stereoeisomer according to NOESY.
LC-MS (102289-80-1X). ESI-MS (M+1) 311, calc. for C18H18N2OS MW: 310; (102289-80-1) 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 7.57 (t, 2H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.34-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.08 (t, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 6.06 (s, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 2H), 2.90 (d, 2H, J=5.2 Hz), 2.01 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz).
Bottom spot on TLC is trans stereoeisomer according to NOESY. LC-MS (102289-80-1X) ESI-MS (M+1) 311, calc. for C18H18N2OS MW: 310; (102289-80-2) 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 7.52 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.29-7.17 (m, 6H), 7.01 (t, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 6.22 (br, 1H), 4.35 (s, 2H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.19 (m, 2H).
Step 2. Cis-3-(BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)-CYCLOBUTANOL
A mixture of hydrogen chloride (5-6 N) in isopropyl alcohol (5 mL, 25 mmol), cis-benzothiazol-2-yl-(3-benzyloxy-cyclobutyl)-amine (500 mg, 1.6 mmol), and palladium black (250 mg, 50% wt percent) in EtOH (20 mL) under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) was heated to 70° C. for 20 h. Then it was cooled to RT and solid NaHCO3 (500 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred until gas evolution ceased. The palladium was filtered off using Celite® and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give oil (400 mg), which was used for next step without further purification.
Step 3. CIS-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YL]-CYCLOBUTYL}-AMINE
Sodium hydride (81.8 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added to a solution of cis-3-(benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-cyclobutanol (150 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) under argon and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at RT. Then 2,5-difluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine, as prepared in Example 4, steps 1-4, (162 mg, 0.82 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 h. It was cooled to RT and EtOAc and saturated NH4Cl were added. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×25 mL), brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give oil, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give product (20 mg). [M+1] 400. IC50 (uM) 0.0002.
Example 5B
TRANS-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YL]-CYCLOBUTYL}-AMINE
Step 1. Trans-3-(BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)-CYCLOBUTANOL
A mixture of hydrogen chloride (5-6N) in isopropyl alcohol (5 mL, 25 mmol), trans-benzothiazol-2-yl-(3-benzyloxy-cyclobutyl)amine (500 mg, 1.6 mmol), and palladium black (250 mg, 50% wt percent) in EtOH (20 mL) under hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) was heated to 70° C. for 20 h. Then it was cooled to RT and solid NaHCO3 (500 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred until gas evolution ceased. The palladium was filtered off using Celite® and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give an oil (400 mg), which was used to next step without further purification.
Step 2. Trans-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL-{3-[5-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIDIN-2-YL]-CYCLOBUTYL}-AMINE
Sodium hydride (81.8 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added to a solution of cis-3-(benzothiazol-2-ylamino)-cyclobutanol (150 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) under argon and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at RT. Then 2,5-difluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridine (162 mg, 0.82 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 h. It was cooled to RT and EtOAc (25 mL) and saturated NH4Cl (15 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×25 mL), brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil, which was purified by prep-HPLC to give trans-benzothiazol-2-yl-{3-[5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-cyclobutyl}-amine (30 mg, yield 10%). [M+1] 400. IC50 (uM) 0.0001.







TABLE 1A







EXAMPLES 6-26 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEMES 3-5.











Example No.
Chemical Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)














6




(4-methyl-pyridin-2- yl)-{4-[3-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-pyridin- 2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}- amine
368
0.150


 


7




(3-methyl-pyridin-2- yl)-{4-[3-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-pyridin- 2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}- amine
368
0.046


 


8




(6-methyl-pyridin-2- yl)-{4-[3-(tetrahydro- pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-  2-yloxy]-cyclohexyl}- amine
368
1.75


 


9




Quinolin-2-yl-{4-[3- (tetrahydro-pyran-4- yl)-pyridin-2-yloxy]- cyclohexyl}-amine
404
0.091


 


10




Benzooxazol-2-yl-{4- [3-(tetrahydro-pyran- 4-yl)-pyridin-2- yloxy]-cyclohexyl}- amine
394
0.012


 


11




N-(trans-4-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclohexyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
410.1
0.03252


 


12




5-methyl-N-(trans-3- (3-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) pyridin-2-amine
340.2
0.01763


 


13




5-methyl-N-(cis-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) pyridin-2-amine
340.2
0.008249


 


14




1-(4-(3-(cis-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)piperidin-1- yl)ethanone
424.0
0.002766


 


15




1-(4-(3-(trans-3- (quinolin-2-ylamino) cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)piperidin-1-yl) ethanone
418.0
0.01582


 


16




(1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)(trans-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) methanone
378
0.007153


 


17




(1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)(cis-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) methanone
378
0.000413


 


18




pyridin-2-yl(3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) methanone
339
0.2496


 


19




1-(4-(3-(cis-3-(5- methylpyridin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)piperidin-1- yl)ethanone
382
0.06606


 


20




1-(4-(3-(trans-3-(5- methylpyridin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)piperidin-1- yl)ethanone
382
0.08455


 


21




N-(cis-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl)- 1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-amine
365
0.001529


 


22




N-(trans-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl)- 1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-amine
365
0.002627


 


23




1-(4-(3-(trans-4- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclohexyloxy) pyrazin-2- yl)piperidin-1- yl)ethanone
452.3
0.04551


 


24




N-(trans-4-(2′- methyl-3,4′- bipyridin-2- yloxy)cyclohexyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
417.2
0.01961


 


25




N-(trans-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
382.2
0.003195


 


26




N-(cis-3-(3- (tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yloxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
382.2
0.000751
















TABLE 1B







STARTING MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS USED IN PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 6-26.











Example



Principle reagents


No.
Scheme
Starting Material 1
Starting Material 2
and solvents














6
3








t-BuONa, DMSO


 


7
3








t-BuONa, DMSO


 


8
3








t-BuONa, DMSO


 


9
3








t-BuONa, DMSO


 


10
3








t-BuONa, DMSO


 


11
3








NaH, NMP, 60° C.


 


12
5








NaH, DMF


 


13
5








NaH, DMF


 


14
5











 


15
5











 


16
4








n-BuLi


 


17
4








n-BuLi


 


18
4








n-BuLi


 


19
5








NaH, DMF


 


20
5








NaH, DMF


 


21
5








NaH, DMF


 


22
5








NaH, DMF


 


23
3








NaH, DMF


 


24
5








NaH, DMF


 


25
5








NaH, DMF


 


26
5








NaH, DMF













Example 27
N-(TRANS-4-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE
Step 1. Trans-4-(BIS(4-METHOXYBENZYL)AMINO)CYCLOHEXANOL
1-(Chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (0.28 mL, 2.00 mmol) was added to a solution of triethylamine (0.31 mL, 2.20 mmol) and trans-4-aminocyclohexanol (0.12 g, 1.00 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×), washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give trans-4-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol as a white solid.
Step 2. Trans-4-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)-N,N-BIS(4-METHOXYBENZYL)CYCLOHEXANAMINE
Sodium hydride (0.58 g, 14.5 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added to a solution of trans-4-(bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol (4.30 g, 12.1 mmol) in DMF (50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT before 2,3-dichloropyrazine (1.89 mL, 12.7 mmol) was added dropwise via syringe. The reaction mixture was warmed to 60° C. and stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The extracts were combined, washed with water (3×), washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give trans-4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanamine as a white solid.
Step 3. Trans-4-(3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)-N,N-BIS(4-METHOXYBENZYL)CYCLOHEXANAMINE
trans-4-(3-Chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanamine (0.810 g, 1.73 mmol), 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (0.455 g, 2.16 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.100 g, 0.087 mmol) were mixed in DME (2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Sodium carbonate (2.60 mL, 5.19 mmol, 2 M in water) was added via syringe, and the reaction mixture was then heated to 80° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography to give trans-4-(3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanamine as a light yellow solid.
Step 4. Trans-4-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXANAMINE
Palladium hydroxide (0.040 g, 0.057 mmol, 20 weight % on carbon) was added to a stirred mixture of trans-4-(3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)-N,N-bis(4-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanamine (0.40 g, 0.77 mmol) in ethanol (4 mL). The reaction mixture was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) and stirred at 50° C. for 18 h. Additional palladium hydroxide (0.040 g) and methanol (1 mL) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for an additional 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give trans-4-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexanamine as a colorless oil.
Step 5. N-(TRANS-4-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE
trans-4-(3-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexanamine (0.053 g, 0.19 mmol) and 2-fluoropyridine (0.033 mL, 0.38 mmol) were mixed in a microwave tube. The tube was sealed, and the mixture was stirred neat at 160° C. for 3 d. The crude mixture was purified via silica gel column chromatography to give N-(trans-4-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)pyridin-2-amine as a brown solid. [M+1] 355.2. IC50 (uM): 2.665.








Example 28A
TRANS-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE




Step 1. TRANS/CIS-3-(BENZYLOXY)-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE and CIS-3-(BENZYLOXY)-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE
2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisouronium hexafluorophosphate(V) (2.21 g, 5.82 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (0.80 g, 3.88 mmol), 2-aminopyridine (0.73 g, 7.76 mmol), and triethylamine (1.08 mL, 7.76 mmol) in DMF (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic extract was separated, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give the separated diastereomers trans-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide and cis-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide.
Step 2. Trans-3-HYDROXY-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE
trans-3-(benzyloxy)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide (0.394 g, 1.40 mmol) and palladium hydroxide (0.098 g, 0.14 mmol, 20 weight % on carbon) were mixed in ethanol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was placed under a hydrogen atmosphere (balloon) and stirred at 70° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give trans-3-hydroxy-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide as an off white solid.
Step 3. TRANS-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE
Sodium hydride (0.073 g, 1.8 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added to a stirred solution of trans-3-hydroxy-N-(pyridin-2-yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide (0.18 g, 0.92 mmol) in DMF (3.5 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. 2-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridine (0.17 g, 0.92 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated ammonium chloride. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give trans-N-(pyridin-2-yl)-3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutanecarboxamide as a white solid. [M+1]=354.0. IC50 (uM): 3.066.




Example 28B
CIS-N-(PYRIDIN-2-YL)-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE
The cis isomer was prepared according to Scheme 7b by using the appropriate cis starting materials. [M+1]=354.2. IC50 (UM): 3.671.




Example 29A
4-(3-(TRANS-4-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOHEXYLOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)-1-METHYLPIPERAZIN-2-ONE
Step 1. N-(TRANS-4-(3-CHLOROPYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
Sodium hydride (60% dispersion, 0.41 g, 10.2 mmol) was added to a solution of trans-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclohexanol (as prepared according to Scheme 5) (1.10 g, 4.43 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) under argon. The mixture was stirred for 45 min and then 2,3-dichloropyrazine (0.66 g, 4.43 mmol) was added via syringe. This mixture was heated to 60° C. for 16 h, cooled to room temperature, then water was added slowly. The resulting suspension was filtered and the collected solid was purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-(trans-4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.92 g, 2.54 mmol, 57% yield) as a white solid.
Step 2. 4-(3-(TRANS-4-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOHEXYLOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)-1-METHYLPIPERAZIN-2-ONE
N-(trans-4-(3-Chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[c/]thiazol-2-amine (0.080 g, 0.22 mmol), 1-methylpiperazin-2-one hydrochloride (0.10 g, 0.67 mmol), and triethylamine (0.093 mL, 0.67 mmol) were mixed in DMSO (2 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then warmed to 120° C. and stirred for an additional 72 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with water, and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The organic extracts were combined, washed with saturated sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude product was purified via silica gel chromatography to give 4-(3-(trans-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclohexyloxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-1-methylpiperazin-2-one as a light orange solid. [M+1] 439.2. IC50 (uM): 0.5369.




Example 29B
N-(TRANS-4-(3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A mixture of 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (0.10 g, 0.49 mmol) and N-(trans-4-(3-chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.14 g, 0.39 mmol), prepared as in step 1 of example 9a, in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2 mL) and aqueous sodium carbonate (2 M, 0.58 mL, 1.16 mmol) was placed under nitrogen atmosphere using 3 evacuation/backfill cycles. Tetrakis triphenylphosphine(palladium) (0.022 g, 0.019 mmol) was added and one more evacuation/backfill cycle was executed. The mixture was then heated to 80° C. After 4 h the mixture was cooled to RT and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-(trans-4-(3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.13 g, 0.32 mmol, 83% yield). [M+1] 409.2. IC50 (uM): 0.03702.




Example 29C
N-(TRANS-4-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOHEXYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A mixture of N-(trans-4-(3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine. As prepared in Example 30b, (0.22 g, 0.54 mmol), palladium hydroxide on carbon (20 wt % Pd dry basis, wet, Degussa type E101 NE/W) (0.60 g), and ammonium formate (0.51 g, 8.11 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was heated to 65° C. for 12 h, then cooled to RT. The palladium was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid. This solid was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the layers were separated, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. The oil was then purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-(trans-4-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.030 g, 0.073 mmol, 14% yield) as a white solid. [M+1] 411.2. IC50 (uM): 0.0635.




Example 30
1-(4-(2-(CIS-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ETHANONE
Step 1. TERT-BUTYL 4-(2-FLUOROPYRIDIN-3-YL)-5,6-DIHYDROPYRIDINE-1(2H)-CARBOXYLATE
3-Bromo-2-fluoropyridine (1.5 g, 8.5 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (3.16 g, 10.2 mmol), trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) (0.48 g, 0.68 mmol), sodium carbonate (4.44 g, 41.9 mmol), and 6:1:1 DME-H2O-EtOH (20 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and stirred at 80° C. for 18 h. The cooled reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution; the aqueous layer was back-washed with CH2Cl2 (1×). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (10% to 40% EtOAc/Hexanes) gave tert-butyl 4-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate as a golden yellow oil. [M+1]=279.2.
Step 2. 1-(4-(2-FLUOROPYRIDIN-3-YL)-5,6-DIHYDROPYRIDIN-1(2H)—YL)ETHANONE
A solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (2.69 g, 9.67 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (8 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (7.45 mL, 97 mmol) and stirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between CH2Cl2 and aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a golden yellow oil. A solution of the crude golden yellow oil in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was cooled to 0° C. and added acetic anhydride (4.5 mL, 48.3 mmol). The reaction was gradually allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 16 h. The reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 and washed with aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution; the aqueous layer was back-extracted with CH2Cl2 (1×). The organic extracts were combined, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (20% to 80% EtOAc/Hexanes) afforded 1-(4-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)ethanone as a colorless oil. [M+1]=221.1.
Step 3. 1-(4-(2-(CIS-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)-5,6-DIHYDROPYRIDIN-1(2H)-YL)ETHANONE
Sodium hydride, 60% dispersion in mineral oil (0.13 g, 3.18 mmol) was added to a solution of cis-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutanol hydrochloride (0.20 g, 0.795 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.7 mL) under argon and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. 1-(4-(2-Fluoropyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)ethanone (0.17 g, 0.79 mmol) was next added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 2 h. The cooled reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Flash column chromatography (20% to 80% EtOAc/Hexanes) afforded 1-(4-(2-(cis-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)ethanone as an off-white amorphous solid. [M+1]=421.0.
Step 4. 1-(4-(2-(CIS-3-(BENZ 0 [D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)ETHANONE
A solution of 1-(4-(2-(cis-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)ethanone (0.12 g, 0.28 mmol) in ethanol (2 mL) was added palladium hydroxide, 20 wt. % Pd (dry basis) on carbon, wet, Degussa type E101 NE/W (0.039 g, 0.056 mmol) and hydrogenated (double-walled balloon pressure) at 50° C. for 3 days. The cooled reaction was filtered via a pad of Celite®, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified via flash column chromatography (20% EtOAc/Hexanes to 100% EtOAc) to afford 1-(4-(2-(cis-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone as a white solid. [M+1]=423.0. IC50 (uM): 0.001566.




Examples 31A and 31B
TRANS and CIS 2-(-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOLE
To a solution of 3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (prepared according to Scheme 4) (0.236 g, 0.851 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) at RT was added DMF (1 drop) and oxalyl dichloride (0.50 mL, 5.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 10 min and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The concentrate was dissolved in toluene (3 mL), cooled to 0° C., and 2-aminobenzenethiol (0.10 mL, 0.94 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was warmed to RT and stirred for 2 h. The reaction was neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 and diluted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with water (1×), brine (1×), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% EtOAc in hexanes) followed by purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel (5% to 30% DCM in hexanes) gave 2-(trans-3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazole (0.018 g, 0.049 mmol, 6% yield) and 2-(cis-3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazole (0.029 g, 0.079 mmol, 9% yield) as colorless oils. [M+1]=367 each. IC50 (uM): 0.01497 (trans) and 0.0633 (cis).








Example 32A
2-(TRANS-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE
Step 1. N-(2-AMINOPHENYL)-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTANECARBOXAMIDE
HBTU (2.06 g, 5.44 mmol) was added to a solution of diisopropyl ethylamine (1.03 mL, 5.93 mmol), o-phenylenediamine (0.54 g, 4.95 mmol), and 3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (1.02 g, 4.95 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) under argon atmosphere at 0° C. The mixture was stirred overnight with gradual warming to RT, then poured into water. The resulting suspension was filtered and the solid was air-dried to give N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanecarboxamide (1.17 g, 3.95 mmol, 80% yield) as an off-white solid.
Step 2. 2-(3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE
A solution of N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutanecarboxamide (1.78 g, 6.01 mmol) in acetic acid was heated to 100° C. for 1 h, then cooled to RT. The acetic acid was removed in vacuo and ethyl acetate was added to the resulting oil. The resulting suspension was filtered and the collected solid was air dried to give 2-(3-(Benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give another suspension, which was filtered, air dried, and added to the first crop of product to give a total of 0.96 g (3.43 mmol, 57% yield) of 2-(3-(Benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as a white solid.
Step 3. TERT-BUTYL 2-(CIS-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE-1-CARBOXYLATE AND TERT-BUTYL 2-(TRANS-3-(BENZYLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE-1-CARBOXYLATE
DMAP (0.020 g, 0.16 mmol) and di-tert-butyldicarbonate (0.83 g, 3.77 mmol) were added to a suspension of 2-(3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (0.96 g, 3.43 mmol) and triethylamine (1.20 mL, 8.58 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 16 h. Water was added, the resulting layers were separated, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. The oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give tert-butyl 2-(cis-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (0.43 g, 1.14 mmol, 33% yield) and tert-butyl 2-(trans-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (0.47 g, 1.23 mmol, 36% yield).
Step 4. TERT-BUTYL 2-(TRANS-3-HYDROXYCYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 2-(trans-3-(benzyloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (0.47 g, 1.23 mmol), cyclohexene (0.080 g, 0.91 mmol), and 20 wt % Pd (dry basis) on carbon, Degussa type E101 NE/W (2.45 g) in ethanol (5 mL) under argon was heated to 65° C. for 6 h, cooled to RT, and filtered through Celite®. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give tert-butyl 2-(trans-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (0.31 g, 1.09 mmol, 88% yield) as a white solid.
Step 5. Trans-3-(1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOL-2-YL)CYCLOBUTANOL
tert-Butyl 2-(trans-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (0.31 g, 1.09 mmol) was stirred in a mixture of dichloromethane (5 mL) and TFA (5 mL) at RT for 4 h, then the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 10:1 DCM/MeOH the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 10:1 DCM/MeOH (3×). The combined extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give trans-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclobutanol (0.11 g, 0.58 mmol, 54% yield) as a white solid.
Step 6. 2-(TRANS-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE
Sodium hydride (60% dispersion, 0.049 g, 1.2 mmol) was added to a solution of trans-3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)cyclobutanol (0.11 g, 0.58 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) under argon and the mixture was stirred for 45 min at RT. 2-Fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridine (0.11 g, 0.58 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 16 h at 110° C. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed with water (2×), saturated aqueous sodium chloride (1×), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give 2-(trans-3-(3-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (37 mg, 0.11 mmol, 18% yield) as a white solid. [M+1]: 350.3. IC50 (uM) 0.01041.




Example 32B
2-(CIS-3-(3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YLOXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOLE
The cis isomer was prepared according to scheme 12b by using the appropriate cis starting materials. [M+1]=350.2. IC50 (uM): 0.2068.




Example 33
4-FLUORO-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
To a mixture of (1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5D, 200 mg, 0.8 mmol) in NMP (4 mL) was added 2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzothiazole (150 mg, 0.8 mmol) and DIEA (229 mg, 1.6 mmol), then heated to 180° C. for 2 h in microwave. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purification by prep-HPLC to give the title compound (30 mg, yield 9%).







TABLE 2A







EXAMPLES 33-41 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 12















IC50


Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
(uM)














33




4-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
401
0.013


 


34




5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
401
0.0183


 


35




6-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
401
0.0151


 


36




7-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
401
0.0271


 


37




4-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
418
0.00543


 


38




5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
418
0.00349


 


39




6-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
418
0.00144


 


40




7-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
418
0.00245


 


41




N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-chloro-3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine
414
0.00355
















TABLE 2B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 33-41












Starting
Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400


Ex.#
Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





33








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
8.09 (s, 1H); 7.89-7.88 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.51-7.48 (m, 1H); 7.35-7.33 (m, 1H); 7.24-7.15 (m, 1H); 5.07-5.00 (m, 1H); 4.10- 4.06 (m, 2H); 3.67-3.56 (m, 3H); 3.30-3.17 (m, 3H); 2.47-2.41 (m, 2H); 2.05-1.90 (m, 2H); 1.77- 1.74 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 2H).


 


34








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
8.08-8.07 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.87-7.86 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.55-7.52 (m, 1H); 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H); 7.04-6.99 (m, 1H); 5.05- 5.02 (m, 1H); 4.09-4.05 (m, 2H); 3.67-3.55 (m, 3H); 3.29-3.15 (m, 3H); 2.48-2.41 (m, 2H); 1.99- 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.77-1.74 (m, 2H).


 


35








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
8.06-8.05 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.86-7.85 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.37-7.35 (m, 1H); 7.17-7.10 (m, 2H); 5.04-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.08- 4.04 (m, 2H); 3.75-3.71 (m, 1H); 3.58-3.53 (m, 2H); 3.28-3.14 (m, 3H); 2.41-2.34 (m, 2H); 1.98- 1.88 (m, 2H); 1.77-1.73 (m, 2H).


 


36








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
8.08-8.07 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.87-7.86 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.43-7.38 (m, 1H); 7.35-7.33 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.02-6.98 (m, 1H); 5.08-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.08-4.05 (m, 2H); 3.72- 3.55 (m, 3H); 3.29-3.17 (m, 3H); 2.48-2.41 (m, 2H); 1.98-1.88 (m, 4H).


 


37








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
7.77-7.76 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.39-7.37 (m, 1H); 7.24-7.17 (m, 3H); 5.02- 4.98 (m, 1H); 4.08-4.04 (m, 2H); 3.66-3.53 (m, 3H); 3.19-3.13 (m, 2H); 3.07-3.05 (m, 1H); 2.42- 2.35 (m, 2H); 1.79-1.63 (m, 4H).


 


38








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
7.77-7.76 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.53-7.49 (m, 1H); 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H); 6.97- 6.93 (m, 1H); 5.02-4.98 (m, 1H); 4.07-4.04 (m, 2 H); 3.73-3.69 (m, 1H); 3.58-3.52 (m, 2H); 3.18- 3.12 (m, 2H); 3.05-3.03 (m, 1H); 2.35-2.27 (m, 2 H); 1.78-1.60 (m, 4H).


 


39








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
7.73-7.71 (m, 1H); 7.45- 7.43 (m, 1H); 7.30-7.28 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H); 7.21- 7.08 (m, 2H); 4.99-4.93 (m, 1H); 4.03-4.00 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H); 3.65-3.49 (m, 3H); 3.14-2.98 (m, 3H); 2.35-2.29 (m, 2H); 1.74-1.57 (m, 4H).


 


40








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
7.73-7.72 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.39-7.29 (m, 2H); 7.19-7.14 (m, 1H); 6.98- 6.94 (m, 1H); 4.98-4.94 (m, 1H); 4.03-4.00 (m, 2H); 3.63-3.49 (m, 3H); 3.17-3.10 (m, 2H); 3.04- 2.98 (m, 1H); 2.39-2.32 (m, 2H); 1.74-1.56 (m, 4H).


 


41








DIEA, NMP, MW 180° C.
7.61 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.54 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.45-7.40 (m, 2H); 7.30- 7.25 (m, 1H); 6.89 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 6.07-6.06 (m, 1H); 5.07-5.00 (m, 1H); 4.31-4.29 (m, 2H); 3.91-3.88 (m, 2H); 3.66- 3.65 (m, 1H); 3.23-3.17 (m, 2H); 2.48-2.38 (m, 4H).





Prep. = Preparation.










Example 42
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-METHYLPYRIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 150 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane/H2O (5:1) (12 mL) was added 3-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-pyridine (197 mg, 0.9 mmol), K3PO4 (254 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (44 mg, 0.06 mmol), and then heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purification by prep-HPLC to N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-methylpyridin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (70 mg, 0.18 mmol, yield 30%).







TABLE 3A







EXAMPLES 42-55 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 13















IC50


Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
(uM)





42




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3- methylpyridin-4-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
390
0.00423


 


43




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2- methylpyridin-4-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
390
0.0205


 


44




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6- methylpyridin-3-y1)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
390
0.00339


 


45




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2- methoxypyridin-3-yl)pyrazin- 9-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
406
0.00411


 


46




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2- methylpyrimidin-5-yl)pyrazin- 2-yl)oxy) cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2- amine
391
0.00325


 


47




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6- chloropyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
410
0.00766


 


48




5-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)picolinonitrile
401
0.0074


 


49




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(2- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
390
0.00194


 


50




1-(5-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)ethanone
418
0.00274


 


51




5-fluoro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d] thiazol-2-amine
408
0.0197


 


52




5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)picolinonitrile
395
0.00835


 


53




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(6- methylpyridin-3-yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinazolin- 2-amine
385
0.00243


 


54




5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinazolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)picolinonitrile
396
0.00771


 


55




2′-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′- bipyridine]-6-carbonitrile
394
0.00129
















TABLE 3B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 42-55













Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CDC13, 400


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





42








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
8.77 (s, 1H); 8.72-8.70 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H); 8.37-8.36 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 2H); 8.26-8.25 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.95- 7.94 (d, J = 6 Hz, 1H); 7.60-7.58 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.51-7.49 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.43- 7.40 (m, 1H); 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H); 5.13-5.06 (m, 1H); 3.72 (s, 1H); 3.23- 3.17 (m, 2H); 2.50 (s, 3H); 2.45-2.36 (m, 2H).


 


43








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
8.75-8.73 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H); 8.64-8.63 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H); 8.45- 8.44 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H); 8.37-8.36 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.75-7.73 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.51-7.49 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.46-7.42 (m, 1H); 7.30-7.26 (m, 1 H); 5.32-5.26 (m, 1H); 4.15-4.11 (m, 1H); 3.31-3.24 (m, 2H); 2.85 (s, 3H); 2.53-2.45 (m, 2H).


 


44








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
9.23-9.22 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H); 8.27-8.22 (m, 2H); 8.01-8.00 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.54-7.48 (m, 2H); 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H); 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H); 5.12-5.06 (m, 1H); 4.07-3.99 (m, 1H); 3.20-3.13 (m, 2H); 2.61 (s, 3H); 2.23- 2.16 (m, 2H).


 


45








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
8.25-8.21 (m, 2H); 8.07-8.06 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 2H); 7.71-7.69 (m, 1H); 7.57-7.55 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.51-7.49 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.27- 7.23 (m, 1H); 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H); 7.01-6.98 (m, 1H); 5.10-5.03 (m, 1H); 3.99-3.96 (m, 1H); 3.93 (s, 3H); 3.16- 3.09 (m, 2H); 2.11-2.04 (m, 2H).


 


46








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
8.33-8.21 (m, 1H); 8.02-8.01 (m, 1H); 7.80-7.78 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.55-7.48 (m, 2H); 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H); 5.27-5.23 (m, 1H); 4.16-4.12 (m, 1H); 3.32-3.25 (m, 2H); 2.76 (s, 3H); 2.52-2.41 (m, 2H).


 


47








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
9.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 8.42-8.39 (m, 1H); 8.30-8.29 (m, 1H); 8.08-8.07 (m, 1H); 7.62 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.56 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.47-7.43 (m, 2H); 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H); 5.16-5.09 (m, 1H); 3.77-3.72 (m, 1H); 3.28-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.61-2.47 (m, 2H).


 


48








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
9.41 (s, 1H); 8.60-8.58 (m, 1H); 8.34 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 8.13 (d,  J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.80- 7.78 (m, 1H); 7.61 (d,  J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.53 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H); 7.30-7.24 (m, 1H); 5.16-5.12 (m, 1H); 3.75-3.71 (m, 1H); 3.28-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.53-2.46 (m, 2H).


 


49








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
8.85 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1 H); 8.73 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1 H); 8.42 (s, 1H); 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.06-8.03 (m, 1 H); 7.78 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.54-7.46 (m, 2 H); 7.36-7.32 (m, 1H); 5.24-5.20 (m, 1H); 4.13-4.09 (m, 1H); 3.28-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.77 (s, 3H); 2.43-2.36 (m, 2H).


 


50








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
9.41 (s, 1H); 8.55-8.53 (m, 1H); 8.35-8.34 (m, 1H); 8.16-8.12 (m, 2H); 7.63-7.56 (m, 2H); 7.46-7.42 (m, 1H); 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H); 5.20-5.12 (m, 1H); 3.82-3.75 (m, 1H); 3.29-3.24 (m, 3H); 2.78 (s, 3H); 2.53-2.46 (m, 2H).


 


51








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, 1,4-Dioxane 
(CD3OD) 9.47 (s, 1H); 9.27-9.25 (m, 1H); 8.42 (s, 1H); 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.05-8.02 (m, 1H); 7.71-7.68 (m, 1H); 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H); 7.04-6.99 (m, 1H); 5.32-5.25 (m, 1H); 4.21-4.13 (m, 1H); 3.28-3.24 (m, 2H); 2.88 (s, 3H); 2.48-2.41 (m, 2H).


 


52








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
9.45 (s, 1H); 8.67-8.64 (m, 1H); 8.34-8.33 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 8.20- 8.14 (m, 2H); 7.82-7.69 (m, 4H); 7.45-7.41 (m, 1H); 6.84-6.81 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H); 3.96 (s, 1H); 3.24-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.51-2.46 (m, 2H).


 


53








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
(d6-DMSO) 9.12-9.08 (m, 2H); 8.35-8.20 (m, 3H); 7.80-7.61 (m, 3H); 7.48-7.37 (m, 2H); 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H); 5.12-5.04 (m, 1H); 4.33-4.27 (m, 1H); 2.98-2.91 (m, 2H); 2.53 (s, 3H); 2.27-2.20 (m, 2H).


 


54








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
(d6-DMSO) 9.40 (s, 1H); 9.12 (s, 1H); 8.68-8.66 (m, 1H); 8.45-8.36 (m, 2H); 8.21-8.19 (m, 1H); 7.81-7.68 (m, 3H); 7.48-7.45 (m, 1H); 7.26-7.22 (m, 1H); 5.15-5.12 (m, 1H); 4.36-4.32 (m, 1H); 2.99-2.96 (m, 2H); 2.31-2.25 (m, 2H).


 


55








Pd(dppf) Cl2, K3PO4, Dioxane/ H2O
(CD3OD) 8.91-8.90 (m, 1H); 8.23-8.20 (m, 3H); 7.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.87-7.82 (m, 3H); 7.78-7.74 (m, 1 H); 7.51-7.47 (m, 1H); 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H); 7.00 (s, 1H); 5.23-5.20 (m, 1H); 4.29-4.27 (m, 1H); 3.24-3.22 (m, 2 H); 2.33-2.26 (m, 2H).













Examples 56 and 57
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-FLUORO-4-METHYLPHENYL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE and N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(3-FLUORO-4-METHYLPHENYL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
To a mixture of N-(3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5C, 150 mg, 0.6 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane/water (5:1) (12 mL) was added 2-(3-Fluoro-4-methyl-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane (212 mg, 0.9 mmol), K3PO4 (254 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (44 mg, 0.06 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purification by prep-HPLC to give Examples 56 and 57.







TABLE 4A







EXAMPLES 56-59 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 14















IC50


Ex.#
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
(uM)














56




N-((lS,3S)-3-((3-(3- fluoro-4- methylphenyl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
407
0.0362


 


57




N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(3- fluoro-4- methylphenyl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
407
0.0444


 


58




2′-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)- [3,3′-bipyridine]-6- carbonitrile
400
0.00056


 


59




2′-((1R,3R)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)- [3,3′-bipyridine]-6- carbonitrile
400
0.00297
















TABLE 4B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 56-59














Reaction
1H NMR (CDC13, 400


Ex.#
Starting Material (1)
Starting Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





56



 




K3PO4, Pd(dppf)Cl2 1.4- Dioxane/ H2O
8.19-8.18 (m, 1H); 7.94-7.93 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.74-7.67 (m, 2H); 7.54-7.49 (m, 2H); 7.41-7.37 (m, 1H); 7.23-7.19 (m, 2H); 5.08-5.01 (m, 1H); 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H); 3.20-3.14 (m, 2H); 2.49-2.42 (m, 2H); 2.27 (s, 3H).


 


57








K3PO4, Pd(dppf)Cl2 1.4- Dioxane/ H2O
8.25-8.24 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); 8.03-8.02 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); 7.82- 7.78 (m, 2H); 7.62- 7.55 (m, 2H); 7.47- 7.43 (m, 1H); 7.31- 7.26 (m, 2H); 5.55 (s, 1H); 4.16 (s, 1H); 2.90-2.77 (m, 4H); 2.35 (s, 3H).


 


58








Pd(dppf)Cl2, K3PO4 dioxane/ H2O
(CD3OD) 8.95-8.94 (m, 1H); 8.23-8.20 (m, 2H); 7.92-7.90 (m, 1H); 7.85-7.83 (m, 1H); 7.57-7.56 (m, 1H); 7.55-7.54 (m, 1H); 7.43-7.41 (m, 1H); 7.26-7.22 (m, 1H); 7.12-7.02 (m, 1H); 5.13 (s, 1H); 4.10 (s, 1H); 3.12- 3.09 (m, 2H); 2.14- 2.10 (m, 2H).


 


59








Pd(dppf)Cl2, K3PO4 dioxane/ H2O
(CD3OD) 9.01 (s, 1H); 8.30-8.21 (m, 2H); 7.97-7.95 (m, 1H); 7.90-7.88 (m, 1H); 7.79-7.77 (m, 1H); 7.51-7.48 (m, 2H); 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H); 7.17-7.14 (m, 1H); 5.56-5.53 (m, 1H); 4.47-4.44 (m, 1H); 2.77-2.74 (m, 4H).













Example 60
5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PICOLINAMIDE
A mixture of 5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinonitrile (see Example 48; 200 mg, 0.5 mmol), DMSO (1 mL), K2CO3 (138 mg, 1 mmol) and H2O2.aq (0.5 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h. The solid was filtered and washed by methanol (2 mL) and dried to give 5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)picolinamide (100 mg, 0.24 mmol, 48%).







TABLE 5A







EXAMPLES 60-63 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 15















IC50


Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
(uM)














60




5-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)picolinamide
419
0.00296


 


61




5-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)picolinamide
413
0.0038


 


62




2′-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′- bipyridine]-6-carboxamide
418
0.000129


 


63




2′-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-[3,3′- bipyridine]-6-carboxamide
412
0.00026
















TABLE 5B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 60-63












Reaction
1H NMR (d-DMSO, 400 MHz) δ


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Condition
(ppm)





60




K2CO3, DMSO, H2O2
9.28-9.27 (m. 1H); 8.59-8.57 (m, 1H); 8.41 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 8.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H); 8.29 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 8.16-8.14 (m, 1H); 7.65-7.64 (m, 2H); 7.38-7.36 (m, 1H); 7.22-7.18 (m, 1H); 7.02- 6.98 (m, 1H); 5.13-5.10 (m, 1H); 4.16-4.10 (m, 1H); 3.05-2.98 (m, 2H); 2.23-2.16 (m, 2H).


 


61




K2CO3, DMSO, H2O2
9.28 (s, 1H); 8.59-8.57 (m, 1H); 8.39-8.15 (m, 4H); 7.83 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H); 7.72 (s, 1H); 7.58 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H); 7.49-7.34 (m, 3H); 7.12 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H); 6.69 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H); 5.20-5.10 (m, 1H); 4.40-4.30 (m, 1H); 3.07-2.96 (m, 2H); 2.21-2.09 (m, 2H).


 


62




K2CO3, DMSO, H2O2
8.87-8.86 (m, 1H); 8.30-8.08 (m, 5H); 7.94-7.91 (m, 1H); 7.66- 7.64 (m, 2H); 7.37-7.35 (m, 1H); 7.21-7.13 (m, 2H); 7.01-6.97 (m, 1H); 5.08-5.02 (m, 1H); 4.08- 4.01 (m, 1H); 2.99-2.92 (m, 2H); 2.10-2.03 (m, 2H).


 


63




K2CO3, DMSO, H2O2
8.88-8.87 (m, 1H); 8.19-8.09 (m, 4H), 7.94-7.91 (m, 1H); 7.83-7.81 (m, 1H); 7.66 (brs, 1H); 7.59-7.57 (m, 1H); 7.48-7.45 (m, 2H); 7.30- 7.29 (m, 1H); 7.16-7.14 (m, 2H); 6.68-6.66 (m, 1H); 5.13-5.11 (m, 1H); 4.34-4.30 (m, 1H); 2.98-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.01 (m, 2H).













Example 64
METHYL 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
To a solution of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5E; 381 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (10 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, and methyl chloroformate (188 mg, 2 mmol) was added dropwise. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and stirred overnight. Then the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give methyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (307 mg, 0.7 mmol, 70% yield).







TABLE 6A







EXAMPLES 64-72 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 16











Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)














64




4-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
440
0.00424


 


65




l-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2- methoxyethanone
454
0.00657


 


66




methyl 3-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate
412
0.0175


 


67




l-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone
418
0.00493


 


68




2-methoxy-1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)- 3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone
448
0.00506


 


69




1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2- methoxyethanone
453
0.00129


 


70




methyl 4-(2-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate
439
0.00318


 


71




1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone
417
0.00132


 


72




2-methoxy-1-(4-(2-((1S,3S)- 3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone
447
0.000948
















TABLE 6B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 64-72













Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CD3OD, 400


Ex.#
Starting Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





64








Et3N, DCM
7.98-7.97 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.83- 7.82 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.52 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.47 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.22-7.20 (m, 1H); 7.07-7.01 (m, 1H); 4.99-4.92 (m, 1H); 4.35-4.10 (br, 2H); 3.99-3.91 (m, 1H); 3.64 (s, 3H); 3.20-3.08 (m, 3H); 2.91-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.04 (m,2H); 1.82-1.73 (m, 4H).


 


65








Et3N, DCM
8.06 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.98-7.97 (m, 1H); 7.79 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.55-7.48 (m, 2H); 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H); 5.14-5.10 (m, 1H); 4.59 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H); 4.22-4.08 (m, 3H); 3.98 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H); 3.40-3.34 (m, 4H); 3.27-3.19 (m, 3H); 2.83 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 2.42-2.40 (m, 2H); 1.93-1.90 (m, 2H); 1.82-1.75 (m, 2H).


 


66








Et3N, DCM
8.09-8.08 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H); 7.89- 7.88 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.57-7.50 (m, 2H); 7.42-7.38 (m, 1H); 7.26- 7.20 (m, 1H); 4.99-4.95 (m, 1H); 4.30-4.20 (m, 4H); 4.10-4.06 (m, 1H); 3.66-3.54 (m, 4H); 3.16- 3.09 (m, 2H); 2.41-2.34 (m, 2H).


 


67








Et3N, DCM
8.28-8.21 (s, 1H); 8.08-8.07 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.99-7.96 (m, 1H); 7.95-7.83 (m, 2H); 7.81-7.75 (m, 1H); 7.54-7.50 (m, 1H); 7.12- 7.01 (s, 1H); 5.18-5.14 (m, 1H); 4.63-4.60 (m, 1H); 4.31 (s, 1H); 4.07-4.03 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H); 3.38-3.33 (m, 1H); 3.27-3.24 (m, 3H); 2.83-2.76 (m, 1H); 2.41- 2.34 (m, 2H); 2.13 (s, 3H); 1.96- 1.83 (m, 3H); 1.74-1.68 (m, 1H).


 


68








Et3N, DCM
8.25 (s, 1H); 8.05 (s, 1H); 7.97 (s, 1H); 7.86-7.77 (m, 3H); 7.50 (s, 1H); 7.03 (s, 1H); 5.14 (s, 1H); 4.59-4.56 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H); 4.27-4.16 (m, 3H); 3.99-3.96 (m, 1H); 3.39 (s, 4H); 3.23 (s, 3H); 2.85- 2.79 (m, 1H); 2.36 (s, 2H); 1.89- 1.69 (m, 4H).


 


69








Et3N, DCM
7.87-7.86 (m, 1H); 7.50-7.49 (m, 1H); 7.48-7.42 (m, 1H); 7.35- 7.33 (m, 1H); 7.18-7.14 (m, 1H); 6.98-6.94 (m, 1H); 6.83-6.80 (m, 1H); 4.98-4.96 (m, 1H); 4.58-4.56 (m, 1H); 4.12-4.10 (m, 2H); 4.07-4.06 (m, 1H); 4.02-4.01 (m, 1H); 3.31 (s, 3H); 3.05-2.99 (m, 4H); 2.62-2.60 (m, 1H); 2.08- 2.01 (m, 2H); 1.82 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 2H); 1.58-1.53 (m, 2H).


 


70








Et3N, DCM
7.97-7.95 (m, 1H); 7.81-7.79 (m, 1H); 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H); 7.49-7.34 (m, 1H); 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H); 5.13-5.09 (m, 1H); 4.25 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H); 4.09-4.08 (m, 1H); 3.69 (s, 3H); 3.23-3.20 (m, 2H); 3.02 (s, 3H); 2.35-2.30 (m, 2H); 1.84 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H); 1.64- 1.60 (m, 2H).


 


71








Et3N, DCM
8.16 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 8.03 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H); 7.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.71-7.68 (m, 2H); 7.48-7.46 (m, 2H); 6.97-6.94 (m, 1H); 6.83 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H); 4.79 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1H); 3.94 (s, 2H); 3.32-3.10 (m, 4H); 2.78- 2.72 (m, 1H); 2.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H); 2.19 (s, 3H); 2.07-1.86 (m, 2H); 1.63-1.51 (m, 2H).


 


72








Et3N, DCM
8.26-8.24 (m, 1H); 7.97-7.96 (m, 1H); 7.87-7.80 (m, 2H); 7.78-7.76 (m, 1H); 7.55-7.50 (m, 2H); 7.01-6.99 (m, 1H); 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H); 5.15-5.12 (m, 1H); 4.65-4.62 (m, 1H); 4.25-4.11 (m, 3H); 3.97- 3.95 (m, 1H); 3.39 (s, 3H); 3.25- 3.09 (m, 4H); 2.74-2.73 (m, 1H); 2.33-2.26 (m,2H); 1.91-1.87 (m, 2H); 1.72-1.62 (m, 2H).













Example 73
1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-2-HYDROXYETHANONE
Step 1. 2-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-2-OXOETHYL ACETATE
To a solution of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 5E; 381 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (10 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, and 2-chloro-2-oxoethyl acetate (272 mg, 2 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, 1 hour later, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and stirred overnight. Then the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product (337 mg, 0.7 mmol, 70% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 482 calc. for C24H27N5O4S 481.
Step 2. 1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-2-HYDROXYETHANONE
A solution of 2-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl acetate (240 mg, 0.5 mmol) and LiOH (24 mg, 1.0 mmol) in THF/MeOH/H2O (3:3:1) (21 mL) was stirred at RT for 1 hour. Then the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC to give 1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-hydroxyethanone (175 mg, 0.8 mmol, 80% yield). M+1: 440. PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.00481. 1H NMR(CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
8.06 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.97 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.54-7.46 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H); 5.13-5.10 (m, 1H); 4.61-4.57 (m, 1H); 4.26-4.15 (m, 2H); 4.10-4.09 (m, 1H); 3.85 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H); 3.37-3.32 (m, 1H); 3.26-3.19 (m, 3H); 2.86 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H); 2.39-2.33 (m, 2H); 1.94-1.70 (m, 4H).




Example 74
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-METHYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
To the solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (see PREPARATION 5E, step 2; 482 mg, 1 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added the diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) (1N in toluene) (1 ml). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 h and quenched by water (1 ml). Reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine. M+1: 396. PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.0498. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
8.05-7.97 (m, 2H); 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H); 7.30-7.23 (m, 1H); 7.10-7.06 (m, 1H); 5.27-5.24 (m, 1H); 4.24-4.20 (m, 1H); 3.51-3.42 (m, 3H); 3.21-3.04 (m, 3H); 2.84-2.52 (m, 6H); 2.49-2.31 (m, 2H); 2.14-2.01 (m, 2H).




Example 75
(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)METHANOL
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 332 mg, 1 mmol) and piperidin-4-yl-methanol (115 mg, 1 mmol) and K2CO3 (276 mg, 2 mmol) was added isopropyl alcohol (i-PrOH) (2 mL) and water (0.5 mL). The solution was heated to 160° C. under microwave for 5 h. Then the mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol. (111 mg, 0.27 mmol, 27% yield).







TABLE 7A







EXAMPLES 75-90 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 19














ESI-MS
IC50


Ex.#
Structure
Chemical Name
(M + 1)
(uM)














75




(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4- yl)methanol
412
0.00316


 


76




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- morpholinopyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
384
0.0224


 


77




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3- methylpyrrolidin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
382
0.00692


 


78




1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidine- 3-carbonitrile
393
0.00107


 


79




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3- methylpiperidin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
396
0.0294


 


80




(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-3- yl)methanol
412
0.00362


 


81




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,3- difluoropyrrolidin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
404
0.0111


 


82




4-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)thiomorpholine 1,1- dioxide 
432
0.0185


 


83




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(5,6- dihydroimidazo[1,5- a]pyrazin-7(8H)- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
420
0.00699


 


84




(R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin- 3-ol
384
0.0142


 


85




(S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin- 3-ol
384
0.0175


 


86




1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine- 4-carbonitrile
407
0.00231


 


87




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4- methylpiperazin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo [d]thiazol-2-amine
397
0.122


 


88




1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidine- 4-carbonitrile
401
0.00226


 


89




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4- methylpiperazin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) quinazolin-2-amine
392
0.316


 


90




(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (quinazolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4- yl)methanol
407
0.01089
















TABLE 7B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 75-90













Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





75








K2CO3 iPrOH, H2O, MW 160° C.
7.70-7.69 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H); 7.47-7.46 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H); 7.12-7.08 (m, 1H); 5.04-5.00 (m, 1H); 4.20-4.17 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 2H); 4.00-3.97 (m, 1H); 3.55-3.53 (d, J = 6 Hz, 2H); 3.22-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.83-2.76 (m, 2H); 2.20-2.15 (m, 2H); 1.83-1.71 (m, 3H); 1.44-1.34 (m, 2H).


 


76








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.67 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.53 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H); 7.49-7.47 (m, 2H); 7.24-7.19 (m, 1H); 7.05-7.01 (m, 1H); 5.00-4.93 (m, 1H); 4.02-3.85 (m, 1H); 3.78-3.76 (m, 4H); 3.46-3.43 (m, 4H); 3.17-3.10 (m, 2H); 2.16-2.09 (m, 2H).


 


77








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.75-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.34 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 1H), 5.13-5.07 (m, 1H), 4.13-3.98 (m, 3H), 3.88-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.35-2.26 (m, 1H), 2.70-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.15 (J = 6.8 Hz, 3H).


 


78








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.80 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 2H), 5.12-5.08 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.00 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.39 (m, 3H), 2.35-2.26 (m, 1H).


 


79








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.65-7.56 (m, 3H); 7.45-7.46 (m, 2H); 7.29 (m, 1H); 5.07 (m, 1H); 4.22-4.21 (m, 1H); 4.13-4.11 (m, 1H); 3.71-3.69 (m, 1H); 3.21-3.19 (m, 2H); 3.06-3.03 (m, 1H); 2.74-2.70 (m, 1H); 2.48-2.50 (m, 2H); 1.84-1.81 (m, 3H); 1.71-1.70 (m, 1H); 1.23-1.14 (m, 1H); 0.95 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 3H).


 


80








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.79 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 1H), 5.16-5.08 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.74-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.23 (m, 1H).


 


81








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.66 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.62 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.56 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.39 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.29-7.25 (m, 1H); 7.11-7.08 (m, 1H); 5.01-4.98 (m, 1H); 4.04-3.92 (m, 3H); 3.89-3.86 (m, 2H); 3.22-3.16 (m, 2H); 2.43-2.36 (m, 2H); 2.24-2.17 (m, 2H).


 


82








DIEA, NMP, MW 200° C.
7.78-7.77 (m, 2H); 7.62-7.61 (m, 1H); 7.49-7.48 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H); 5.10-5.07(m, 1H); 4.35-4.31 (m, 1H); 4.12-4.09 (m, 4H); 3.96-3.92 (m, 1H); 3.14-3.11 (m, 6H); 2.37 (s, 1H).


 


83








DIEA, NMP, MW 200° C.
8.67 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.48-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.49 (m, 2H).


 


84








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.42 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.36 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H); 7.28-7.24 (m, 2H); 5.08-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.59 (s, 1H); 4.13-4.03 (m, 3H); 3.98-3.95 (m, 1H); 3.72 (br, 1H); 3.22-3.16 (m, 2H); 2.51-2.43 (m, 2H); 2.13-2.10 (m, 1H); 2.07-1.99 (m, 1H).


 


85








Et3N DMSO, MW 140° C.
7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H); 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.44-7.41 (m, 1H); 7.37-7.36 (m, 1H); 7.28-7.24 (m, 2H); 5.08-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.59 (s, 1H); 4.13-4.03 (m, 3H); 3.98-3.95 (m, 1H); 3.72 (br, 1H); 3.22-3.16 (m, 2H); 2.51-2.43 (m, 2H); 2.13-2.11 (m, 1H); 2.07-1.99 (m, 1H).


 


86








Et3N DMSO, MW 150° C.
7.64 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.53-7.51 (m, 1 H); 7.49-7.47 (m, 2 H); 7.19-7.15 (m, 1 H); 7.02-6.98 (m, 1 H); 4.96-4.93 (m, 1 H); 3.89 (s, 1 H); 3.70-3.65 (m, 2 H); 3.28-3.24 (m, 2 H); 3.22-3.10 (m, 2 H); 2.74-2.72 (m, 1 H); 2.16-2.10 (m, 2 H); 1.91-1.82 (m, 4 H).


 


87








Neat, MW 150° C.
7.75 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.63-7.55 (m, 3 H); 7.32 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H); 5.89 (br, 1 H); 5.10-5.02 (m, 1 H); 4.11-4.02 (m, 1 H); 3.73 (br, 4 H); 3.27-3.17 (m, 2 H); 2.79 (br, 4 H); 2.52 (s, 3 H); 2.25-2.16 (m, 2 H).


 


88








Et3N DMSO, MW 150° C.
8.17 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H); 7.72-7.68 (m, 4 H); 7.51 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.41-7.38 (m, 1 H); 6.82 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H); 5.09-5.05 (m, 1 H); 3.93-3.92 (m, 1 H); 3.82-3.78 (m, 2 H); 3.49-3.44 (m, 2 H); 3.18 (s, 2 H); 2.88-2.86 (m, 1 H); 2.43-2.42 (m, 2 H); 2.04-2.03 (m, 2 H); 1.96-1.95 (m, 2 H).


 


89








NMP, MW 180° C.
8.99 (s, 1H); 7.74-7.22 (m, 1H); 7.70-7.68 (m, 2H); 7.68-7.66 (m, 1H); 7.62-7.60 (m, 1H); 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H); 5.55-5.53 (m, 1H); 5.11-5.04 (m, 1H); 4.48-4.38 (m, 1H); 3.64-3.54 (m, 4H); 3.23-3.17 (m, 2H); 2.63-2.61 (m, 4H); 2.39 (s, 3H); 2.19-2.12 (m, 2H).


 


90








NMP, MW 180° C.
8.91 (s, 1H); 7.64-7.63 (m, 1H); 7.62-7.60 (m, 2H); 7.59-7.51 (m, 1H); 7.44-7.43 (m, 1H); 7.18-7.16 (m, 1H); 5.36-5.34 (m, 1H); 5.01-4.98 (m, 1H); 4.36-4.14 (m, 2H); 3.50-3.49 (m, 2H); 3.15-3.08 (m, 2H); 2.78-2.72 (m, 2H); 2.10-2.03 (m, 2H); 1.98-1.51 (m, 3H); 1.39-1.33 (m, 2H).













Examples 91 and 92: ((S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-3-YL)METHANOL and ((R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-3-YL)METHANOL
Racemic mixture (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-3-yl)methanol, made according to Example 80, (0.054 g, 0.13 mmol) was separated by chiral prep-HPLC (Column: Chiralcel OD-H 250*30 mm, 5u; Mobile phase: 85% hexane in EtOH (0.05% diethyl amine); Flow rate: 30 mL/minute) to give examples 91 and 92 as separated enantiomers. ESI-MS (M+1): 412 calc. for C21H25N5O2S 411







TABLE 8A







EXAMPLES 91-96 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 20














ESI-MS
IC50


Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
(M + 1)
(uM)





91 and 92




((S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin- 3-yl)methanol and ((R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin- 3-yl)methanol
412
0.026 and 0.00281


 


93 and 94




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-((R)- 3-methylpyrrolidin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2- amine and N-((1R,3S)-3-((3-((S)- 3-methylpyrrolidin-1- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2- amine
382
0.00324 and 0.00802


 


95 and 96




(R)-1-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)pyrrolidine-3- carbonitrile and (S)-1-(3-((1S,3R)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin-2- yl)pyrrolidine-3- carbonitrile
393
0.000728 and 0.00527





Note:


The absolute stereospecificity of each enantiomer was not determined in the examples below and therefore the IC50 and NMR data reported herein can be for either enantiomer.













TABLE 8B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 91-96, AS SEPARATED


SINGLE ENANTIOMER.












Separation
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





91 and 92




Column: Chiralcel OD-H 250*30 mm, 5 u; Mobile phase: 85% hexane in EtOH (0.05% diethyl amine); Flow rate: 30 mL/minute
7.62 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.53 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H); 7.50 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H); 7.49 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.25-7.20 (m, 1H); 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H); 5.95 (br, 1H); 5.08-5.05 (m, 1H); 3.99-3.95 (m, 2H); 3.60-3.49 (m, 3H); 3.17-3.06 (m,  3H); 2.98-2.93 (m, 1H); 2.31-2.10 (m, 2H); 1.95 (br, 1H); 1.80-1.58 (m, 2H); 1.27-1.25 (m, 1H); and 7.67 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.57 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H); 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.45-7.44 (m, 1H); 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H); 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H); 6.58 (brs, 1H); 5.13-5.10 (m, 1H); 4.07-4.0 (m, 2H); 3.78-3.74 (m, 2H); 3.65-3.53 (m, 2H); 3.21-3.14 (m, 3H); 3.05-3.00 (m, 1H); 2.27-2.23 (m, 2H); 1.97-1.96 (m, 1H);  1.77-1.65 (m, 2H); 1.31-1.25 (m, 1H).


 


93 and 94




Column: ChiralPak AD-H, 250 × 30 mmI.D; Mobile phase: A for SF CO2 and B for Ethanol (0.2%DE A); Gradient: B 40%; Flow rate: 40 mL/min
7.54-7.47 (m, 3H); 7.25-7.16 (m, 2H); 7.05-7.01 (m, 1H); 5.49-5.47 (m, 1H); 4.93-4.90 (m, 1H); 3.96-3.92 (m, 1H); 3.81-3.63 (m, 2H); 3.63-3.58 (m, 1H); 3.18-3.10 (m, 3H); 2.24-2.22 (m, 1H); 2.10-1.97 (m, 3H); 1.50-1.47 (m, 1H); 1.41 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); and 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H); 7.57 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H); 7.30-7.22 (m, 2H); 7.11-7.07  (m, 1H); 5.59 (br, 1 H); 4.99-4.96 (m, 1H); 4.01-3.98 (m, 1H); 3.87-3.71 (m, 2H); 3.69-3.66 (m, 1H); 3.24-3.14 (m, 3H); 2.31-2.26 (m, 1H); 2.18-2.09 (m, 2H); 2.07-2.03 (m, 1H); 1.58-1.51 (m, 1H);


 


95 and 96




Column: ChiralPak AD-H, 250 × 30 mmI.D; Mobile phase: A for SF CO2 and B for Ethanol (0.2% DE A); Gradient: B 40%; Flow rate: 40 mL/min
7.57 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.53 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.48 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.30 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.23-7.21 (m, 1H); 7.03-7.01 (m, 1H); 5.54 (brs, 1H); 4.97-4.90 (m, 1H); 3.99-3.83 (m, 4H); 3.77-3.71 (m, 1H); 3.16-3.08 (m, 3H); 2.30-2.20 (m, 2H); 2.11-2.07 (m, 2H); and 7.63 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.60 (d, J = 0.4 Hz, 1H); 7.58 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H);  7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H); 7.29-7.27 (m, 1H); 7.10-7.08 (m, 1H); 5.52 (s, 1H); 5.02-4.98 (m, 1H); 4.06-3.88 (m, 4H); 3.83-3.77 (m, 1H); 3.22-3.14 (m, 3H); 2.35-2.28 (m, 2H); 2.18-2.11 (m, 2H).













Example 97
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-FLUOROPYRROLIDIN-1-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE as Racemic Mixture
Step 1. 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PYRROLIDIN-3-OL as Racemic Mixture
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 0.083 g, 0.25 mmol) and pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.022 g, 0.25 mmol) was added triethylamine (0.05 g, 0.50 mmol) and DMSO (3 mL). The solution was heated to 150° C. in microwave for 3 h. Then the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by reverse phase prep-HPLC (10% to 80% water/MeCN) to give racemic mixture 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.050 g, 0.13 mmol, 54% yield) as white solid. ESI-MS (M+1): 384 calc. for C19H21N5O2S 383.
Step 2. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-FLUOROPYRROLIDIN-1-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE as Racemic Mixture
In a 50 mL flask, 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.050 g, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in anhyd DCM (15 mL). The solution was cooled to −10° C. under nitrogen atmosphere and diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST, purchased from Alfa AesarTM) (0.26 g, 0.10 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to r.t and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was poured into cold water (10 mL). The separated aqueous phase was extracted twice with DCM (20 mL), and the combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4. After filtration, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the concentrate was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (20% to 45% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give racemic mixture N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.039 g, 0.10 mmol, 75% yield) as a white solid. PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.00335. M+1: 386. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
7.54-7.45 (m, 3H); 7.21-7.15 (m, 1H); 7.01-6.89 (m, 2H); 5.25-5.12 (m, 1H); 4.92-4.88 (m, 1H); 393-3.72 (m, 5H); 3.10-3.07 (m, 2H); 2.24-1.89 (m, 4H).




Example 98
1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-ONE
Step 1: 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-0 L as Racemic Mixture
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 332 mg, 1.0 mmol) and piperidin-4-ol (101 mg, 1.0 mmol) and Et3N (202 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added DMSO (2 mL). The solution was heated to 150° C. under microwave for 2 h. Then the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20% to 60% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give the title product (311 mg, 0.80 mmol, 80% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 398 calc. for C20H23N5O2S 397.
Step 2: 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-ONE
The 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-ol (397 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (10 mL), treated with Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP) (800 mg, 2 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and stirred at RT until complete conversion. The organic layer was washed with an aq solution of NaHCO3/Na2S2O3 (3×10 mL)), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-one (288 mg, 0.73 mmol, 73% yield). PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.0211. M+1: 396. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
7.74-7.73 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.61-7.59 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.54-7.52 (m, 2H); 7.46-7.41 (m, 1H); 7.30-7.24 (m, 1H); 5.10-5.02 (m, 1H); 3.89-3.87 (m, 4H); 3.71-3.67 (m, 1H); 3.25-3.18 (m, 2H); 2.62-2.55 (m, 4H); 2.49-2.42 (m, 2H).




Example 99
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4,4-DIFLUOROPIPERIDIN-1-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
In a 50 mL flask, 1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-one (0.10 g, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DCM (15 mL). The solution was cooled to −10° C. under nitrogen atmosphere and diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST, purchased from Alfa AesarTM) (0.78 g, 0.30 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was poured into cold water (10 mL). The separated aqueous phase was extracted twice with DCM (20 mL), and the combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4. After filtration, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (20% to 45% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (0.050 g, 0.12 mmol, 49% yield) as a white solid. PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.0177. M+1: 418. 1H NMR: (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
7.78-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 5.13-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.02 (m, 4H).




Example 100
1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL)ETHANONE
Step 1. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(PIPERAZIN-1-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
A solution of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 332 mg, 1 mmol) and piperazine (860 mg, 10 mmol) was heated to 150° C. in microwave for 2 hrs. Then the mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20% to 60% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give the title product (115 mg, 0.3 mmol, 30% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 383 calc. for C19H22N6OS 382.
Step 2. 1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL)ETHANONE
To a solution of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (382 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (10 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, and acetic anhydride (204 mg, 2 mmol) was added dropped to the reaction mixture. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and stirred overnight. Then the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC to give 1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (297 mg, 0.7 mmol, 70% yield).







TABLE 9A







EXAMPLES 101-102 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 24











Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)





100




1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) pyrazin- 2-yl)piperazin-1- yl)ethanone
425
0.00926


 


101




1-(4-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin- 2-ylamino) cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl) piperazin-1-yl)ethanone
419
0.0237
















TABLE 9B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 100-101













Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





100








Et3N, DCM
7.71-7.70 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H); 7.60-7.58 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H); 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H); 7.43-7.39 (m, 1H); 7.28-7.24 (m, 1H); 5.09-5.02 (m, 1H); 3.75-3.74 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 3H); 3.70 (s, 4H); 3.61-3.60 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H); 3.24-3.17 (m, 2H); 2.47-2.40 (m, 2H); 2.15 (s, 3H).


 


101








Et3N, DCM
(CD3OD) 8.26 (s, 1 H); 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H); 7.79-7.75 (m, 1 H); 7.72 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.56 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.53-7.48 (m, 1 H); 7.03 (s, 1 H); 5.16-5.12 (m, 1 H); 3.70-3.64 (m, 4 H); 3.57-3.50 (m, 5 H); 3.25-3.23 (m, 2 H); 2.40-2.33 (m, 2 H); 2.12 (s, 3 H).













Example 102
1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)ETHANOL
Step 1. 1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)ETHANONE
To a mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (see PREPARATION 5B; 332 mg, 1 mmol) and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)ethanone (127 mg, 1 mmol) and Et3N (202 mg, 2 mmol) was added DMSO (2 mL). The solution was heated to 150° C. under microwave for 3 h. Then the mixture was concentrated and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20% to 60% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give the title product (127 mg, 0.3 mmol, 30% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 424 calc. for C22H25N5O2S 423.
Step 2. 1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)ETHANOL as Racemic Mixture
1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)ethanone (423 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in 20 ml of methanol. This solution was cooled down to 0° C. using an ice bath and sodium tetraborohydride (76 mg, 2 mmol) was added by portions. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at ambient temperature, and then saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (10 mL) was added. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum and then the reaction mixture was diluted in ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer was extracted one more time with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined and dried over magnesium sulphate, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give racemic mixture 1-(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)ethanol as racemix mixture (298 mg, 0.7 mmol, 70% yield). PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.0108. M+1: 426. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm):
7.63-7.62 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.57-7.56 (m, 1H); 7.47-7.46 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H); 7.43-7.40 (m, 1H); 7.25-7.21 (m, 1H); 7.06-7.01 (m, 1H); 5.04-5.00 (m, 1H); 4.23-4.19 (m, 2H); 4.12-4.08 (m, 1H); 3.52-3.49 (m, 1H); 3.12-3.09 (m, 2H); 2.74-2.72 (m, 2H); 2.17-2.14 (m, 2H); 1.89-1.81 (m, 1H); 1.71-1.60 (m, 1H); 1.44-1.39 (m, 3H); 1.16-1.14 (d, J=6 Hz, 3H).




Example 103
(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)METHANOL
Step 1. TERT-BUTYL ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)PYRAZIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)CARBAMATE
To a mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 5A, step 1; 299 mg, 1 mmol) and piperidin-4-yl-methanol (115 mg, 1 mmol) and Et3N (202 mg, 2 mmol) was added DMSO (6 mL). The solution was heated to 140° C. under microwave for 3 h. Then the mixture was concentrated and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (20% to 60% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (113 mg, 0.3 mmol, 30% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 379 calc. for C19H30N4O4 378.
Step 2. (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-AMINOCYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)METHANOL HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-((3-(4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (378 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at RT for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol hydrochloride (299 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 279 calc. for C14H22N4O2 278.
Step 3. (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(QUINOLIN-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRAZIN-2-YL)PIPERIDIN-4-YL)METHANOL
A mixture of (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-aminocyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol hydrochloride (278 g, 1 mmol), 2-chloro-quinoline (163 mg, 1 mmol) and DIEA (286 mg, 2 mmol) in NMP (12 mL) was heated to 200° C. for 2 h in microwave. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with EtOAc (40 mL), washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give (1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2-ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol (182 mg, 0.45 mmol, 45%).







TABLE 10A







EXAMPLES 103-104 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 26











Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)





103




(1-(3-((1S,3S)-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyrazin- 2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methanol
406
Not yet taken


 


104




1-(2-((1S,3S)-3- (benzo[d]thiazol-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)piperidine-4- carbonitrile
406
0.00125
















TABLE 10B







PREPARATION AND NMR DATA OF EXAMPLES 103-104













Starting
Reaction
1H NMR (CD3OD, 400


Ex. #
Starting Material (1)
Material (2)
Condition
MHz) δ (ppm)





103








DIEA, NMP MW
7.79 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H); 7.62-7.53 (m, 3 H); 7.48-7.43 (m, 2 H); 7.16-7.12 (m, 1 H); 6.70-6.68 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H); 5.05-5.01 (m, 1 H); 4.31 (s, 1 H); 4.19-4.16 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 2 H); 3.41 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2 H); 3.11-3.07 (m, 2 H); 2.79-2.73 (m, 2 H); 2.13-2.06 (m, 2 H); 1.79-1.75 (m, 2 H); 1.62-1.60 (m, 1 H); 1.33-1.29 (m, 2 H).


 


104








DIEA, NMP MW
(CDCl3) 7.81-7.79 (m, 1H); 7.64-7.56 (m, 2H); 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H); 7.14-7.10 (m, 2H); 6.89-6.86 (m, 1H); 5.50 (br, 1H); 5.13-5.06 (m, 1H); 4.07-4.03 (m, 1H); 3.31-3.20 (m, 4H); 3.06-3.00 (m, 2H); 2.88-2.83 (m, 1H); 2.21-2.05 (m, 6H).













Example 105
N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
Step 1. (1S,3S)-3-AMINOCYCLOBUTANOL HYDROCHLORIDE
The mixture of tert-butyl ((1S,3S)-3-hydroxycyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 4A; 187 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 eqv) in HCl/MeOH 4 N (15 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Reaction mixture was concentrated to give (1S,3S)-3-aminocyclobutanol hydrochloride. (120 mg, 0.98 mmol, 98% yield) ESI-MS (M+1): 88 calc. for C4H9NO 87.
Step 2. (1S,3S)-3-(BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-YLAMINO)CYCLOBUTANOL
A mixture of (1S,3S)-3-aminocyclobutanol hydrochloride (120 mg, 0.98 mmol, 1.0 eqv), 2-chloro-benzothiazole (purchased from ALDRICHTM) (169 mg, 1 mmol, 1.02 eqv) and DIEA (286 mg, 2 mmol, 2.04 eqv) in NMP (2 mL) was heated to 180° C. for 2 hours in microwave. To the reaction mixture was added water, and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The organic layers were concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give (1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutanol (160 mg, 0.72 mmol, yield 73%). ESI-MS (M+1): 221 calc. for C11H12N2OS 221.
Step 3. N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-FLUORO-3-IODOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
To the mixture of (1S,3S)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)cyclobutanol (160 mg, 0.72 mmol, 1.0 eqv), 2,6-difluoro-3-iodopyridine (see PREPARATION 8; 374 mg, 1.44 mmol, 2.0 eqv) and DMF (2 ml) was added sodium hydride 60% (29 mg, 0.72 mmol, 1.0 eqv) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into water (50 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-fluoro-3-iodopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (105 mg, 0.22 mmol, 31% yield). ESI-MS (M+1): 442 calc. for C16H13FIN3OS 441.
Step 4. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-6-FLUOROPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
The mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-fluoro-3-iodopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (100 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.0 eqv), 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (70 mg, 0.33 mmol, 1.5 eqv) K3PO4 (212 mg, 1 mmol, 5 eqv) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (50 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The mixture was cool down to room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (80 mg, 0.2 mmol, 90% yield) ESI-MS (M+1): 398 calc. for C21H20FN3O2S 398.
Step 5. N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-FLUORO-3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZO[D]THIAZOL-2-AMINE
The mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2-pyran-4-yl)-6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (80 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1 eqv) Pd/C 10% wet (0.3 g) in THF (10 ml) was stirred at 40 psi for 48 hours under H2. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((6-fluoro-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (60 mg, 0.15 mmol, 75% yield). PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.000758. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 7.79-7.77 (m, 1H); 7.73-7.68 (m, 1H); 7.56-7.47 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.32 (m, 1H); 6.58-6.55 (m, 1H); 5.09-5.03 (m, 1H); 4.14-4.04 (m, 3H); 3.61-3.55 (m, 2H); 3.27-3.05 (m, 3H); 2.35-2.28 (m, 2H); 1.83-1.77 (m, 4H).




Example 106 and Example 107
6-(((1R,3R)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)AMINO)NICOTINONITRILE and 6-(((1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)AMINO)NICOTINONITRILE
To a mixture of Cs2CO3 (652 mg, 2 mmol) and 3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (see PREPARATION 7C; 248 mg, 1 mmol) was added DMF (20 mL) and 6-chloro-nicotinonitrile (138 mg, 1 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 120° C. for 10 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (60 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (60 mL) and brine (60 mL), dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give examples 105 (175 mg, 0.5 mmol, 50% yield) and 106 (55 mg, 0.156 mmol, 39% yield) as a pair of separated stereoisomers.







TABLE 11A







EXAMPLES 106-111 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 28.











Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)





106 and 107*




6-(((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)amino) nicotinonitrile and 6-(((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)amino) nicotinonitrile; respectively.
351
0.59 and 0.865, respectively


 


108 and 109*




N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine and N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- amine; respectively.
394
0.436 and 0.106; 0.59 and 0.865, respectively


 


110 and 111*




5-chloro-N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2- amine and 5-chloro-N-((1R,3R)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)pyridin-2- amine; respectively. 
360
0.0262 and 0.0837; 0.59 and 0.865, respectively





*as a pair of separated stereoisomers having the same mass.













TABLE 11B







PREPARATION AND NMR OF EXAMPLES 106-111











Starting
Reaction



Ex. #
Materials (1) and (2)
Condition
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm)





106 and 107




Cs2CO3, DMF 120° C.
8.25 (s, 1H); 7.97-7.96 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H); 7.72-7.70 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 7.44-7.43 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H); 6.89-6.86 (m, 1H); 6.52-6.50 (m, 1H); 5.12-5.08 (m, 1H); 4.08-4.06 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 2H); 3.89 (s, 1H); 3.59-3.53 (m, 2H); 3.15-3.12 (m, 2H); 3.11-3.01 (m, 1H); 2.22-2.16 (m, 2H); 1.77-1.72 (m, 4H) and 8.35-8.34 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H); 7.98-7.96  (m, 1H); 7.65-7.63 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H); 7.45-7.43 (m, 1H); 6.89-6.85 (m, 1H); 6.42-6.36 (m, 1H); 5.47-5.44 (m, 1H); 4.35 (s, 1H); 4.11-4.06 (m, 2H); 3.61-3.55 (m, 2H); 3.11-3.03 (m, 1H); 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H); 2.57-2.51 (m, 2H); 1.79-1.75 (m, 4H); respectively.


 


108 and 109




Cs2CO3, DMF 120° C.
8.22 (s, 1H); 7.94-7.92 (m, 1H); 7.83-7.80 (m, 1H); 7.58-7.56 (m, 1H); 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H); 6.86-6.83 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 5.42 (s, 1H); 4.46 (s, 1H); 4.08-4.04 (m, 2H); 3.63-3.56 (m, 2H); 3.13 (s, 1H); 2.66-2.58 (m, 4H); 1.83-1.77 (m, 4H) and 8.23-8.22 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H); 7.96-7.94 (m, 1H); 7.81-7.78 (m, 1H); 7.56-7.53 (m, 1H); 6.94-6.90 (m, 1H); 6.81-6.79 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 5.10-5.06 (m, 1H); 4.09-4.02 (m, 3H); 3.59-3.53 (m, 2H); 3.12-3.07 (m, 3H); 2.16-2.13 (m, 2H); 1.81-1.75 (m, 4H) ; respectively.


 


110 and 111




t-BuONa, DMF
(CD3OD,) 7.94-7.93 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H); 7.89-7.88 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); 7.53-7.51 (m, 1H); 7.40-7.37 (m, 1H); 6.91-6.88 (m, 1H); 6.48-6.46 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H); 5.05-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.04-3.96 (m, 3H); 3.59-3.52 (m, 2H); 3.07-3.01 (m, 3H); 2.05-1.99 (m, 2H); 1.79-1.75 (m, 4H) and (CD3OD) 7.94-7.93 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H); 7.89-7.88 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); 7.53-7.51 (m, 1H); 7.40-7.37 (m, 1H); 6.91-6.88  (m, 1H); 6.48-6.46 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H); 5.05-5.01 (m, 1H); 4.04-3.96 (m, 3H); 3.59-3.52 (m, 2H); 3.07-3.01 (m, 3H); 2.05-1.99 (m, 2H); 1.79-1.75 (m, 4H); respectively.













Example 112
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE
Step 1. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE
To the mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (see PREPARATION 7G; 370 mg, 1 mmol, 1.0 eqv), 2-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (315 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 eqv) and NaCO3 (212 mg, 2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (36.6 mg, 0.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (188 mg, 0.52 mmol, yield 52%). ESI-MS (M+1): 374 calc. for C23H23N3O2 373.
Step 2. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)QUINOLIN-2-AMINE
A mixture of N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (373 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 200 mg) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to give N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin-2-amine (336 mg, 0.9 mmol, yield 90%).







TABLE 12A







EXAMPLES 112-113 PREPARED ANALOGOUS TO SCHEME 29











Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name
M + 1
IC50 (uM)





112




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin- 2-amine
376
0.0015


 


113




N-((1S,3S)-3-((3- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrazin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)quinolin- 2-amine
377
0.0075
















TABLE 12B







PREPARATION AND NMR OF EXAMPLES 112-113











Starting
Reaction
1H NMR


Ex. #
Material (1)
Condition
(CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ (ppm)





112




H2, Pd/C, MeOH
8.13 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H); 7.97-7.95 (m, 1 H); 7.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H); 7.68-7.64 (m, 2 H); 7.47-7.44 (m, 1 H); 7.40-7.36 (m, 1 H); 6.90-6.88 (m, 1 H); 6.87-6.78 (m, 1 H); 5.13-5.10 (m, 1 H); 4.07-4.03 (m, 2 H); 3.88-3.85 (m, 1 H); 3.60-3.53 (m, 2 H); 3.17-3.08 (m, 3 H); 2.41 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2 H); 1.77-1.67 (m, 4 H).


 


113




H2, Pd/C, MeOH
(CD3OD) 8.35-8.24 (m, 1H); 8.08 (s, 1H); 7.98 (s, 1H); 7.88-7.80 (m, 3H); 7.53 (s, 1H); 7.28-6.99 (m, 1H); 5.16 (s, 1H); 4.30-4.29 (m, 1H); 4.05 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H); 3.60-3.55 (m, 2H); 3.26-3.22 (m, 3H); 2.39 (d, J = 12 Hz, 2H); 1.94 (d, J = 12 Hz, 2H); 1.79 (s, 2H).













Examples 114 and 115
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-ACETYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE and N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(1-ACETYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE
STEP 1: 3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
To a solution of tert-butyl (3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)carbamate (see PREPARATION 7B; 342 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (50 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (223 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 243 calc. for C9H11BrN2O 242.
Step 2. N-(3-((3-BROMOPYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE
To a solution of 3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutanamine hydrochloride (243 mg, 1 mmol) in dry DCM (10 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (380 mg, 2 mmol) was added dropwise. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and stirred overnight. Then the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (20% to 45% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to give N-(3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (318 mg, 0.8 mmol, yield 80%). ESI-MS (M+1): 397 calc. for C16H17BrN2O3S 396.
Step 3. TERT-BUTYL 2-(3-(4-METHYLPHENYLSULFONAMIDO)CYCLOBUTOXY)-5′,6′-DIHYDRO-[3,4′-BIPYRIDINE]-1′(2′H)-CARBOXYLATE
To a solution of N-(3-((3-bromopyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (397 mg, 1 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (335 mg, 1.1 mmol) and NaCO3 (212 mg, 2 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added Pd(dppf)Cl2 (36.6 mg, 0.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. under N2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was concentrated and the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give tert-butyl 2-(3-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (351 mg, 0.7 mmol, yield 70%). ESI-MS (M+1): 500 calc. for C26H33N3O5S 499.
Step 4. TERT-BUTYL 4-(2-(3-(4-METHYLPHENYLSULFONAMIDO)CYCLOBUTOXY)PYRIDIN-3-YL)PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
A mixture of tert-butyl 2-(3-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)cyclobutoxy)-5′,6′-dihydro-[3,4′-bipyridine]-1′(2′H)-carboxylate (499 mg, 1 mmol) and wet Pd—C (50%, 1.0 g) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred under H2 (40 psi) at 30° C. overnight then the reaction mixture was filtered through CELITE® and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to give tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (476 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 502 calc. for C26H35N3O5S 501.
Step 5. 4-METHYL-N-(3-((3-(PIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)BENZENESULFONAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
To tert-butyl 4-(2-(3-(4-methylphenylsulfonamido)cyclobutoxy)pyridin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (501 mg, 1 mmol) was added 4 M HCl in MeOH (100 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 4-methyl-N-(3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (381 mg, 0.95 mmol, yield 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 402 calc. for C21H27N3O3S 401.
Step 6. N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-ACETYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE AND N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(1-ACETYLPIPERIDIN-4-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDE
To a solution of 4-methyl-N-(3-((3-(piperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (401 mg, 1 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added Et3N (1 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath, and acetyl chloride (156 mg, 2 mmol) was added dropwise. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and stirred overnight. Then the reaction mixture was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product. The crude product was purified by chiral-prep-HPLC (Column: Chiralcel OD-H 250*30 mm, 5u; Mobile phase: 80% hexane in EtOH (0.05% diethyl amine); Flow rate: 30 mL/minute) to give examples 114 and 115.
Example 114
N-((1S,3S)-3-((3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
PDE10 IC50 (uM): 12.4. M+1: 444. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 7.89-7.87 (m, 1H); 7.74-7.72 (m, 2H); 7.50-7.48 (m, 1H); 7.37-7.35 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H); 6.89-6.87 (m, 1H); 4.87-4.78 (m, 1H); 4.70-4.60 (m, 1H); 4.02-3.99 (m, 1H); 3.50-3.46 (m, 1H); 3.30-3.29 (m, 1H); 3.10-2.96 (m, 1H); 2.67-2.61 (m, 3H); 2.41 (s, 3H); 2.11 (s, 3H); 1.90-1.79 (m, 4H); 1.65-1.51 (m, 2H).
Example 115
N-((1R,3R)-3-((3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide
PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.916. M+1: 444. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 7.90-7.88 (m, 1H); 7.73-7.70 (m, 2H); 7.54-7.52 (m, 1H); 7.37-7.35 (m, 2H); 6.92-6.89 (m, 1H); 5.20-5.18 (m, 1H); 3.96-3.93 (m, 2H); 3.23-3.22 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H); 3.01 (s, 1H); 2.71-2.70 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H); 2.41 (s, 3H); 2.31-2.26 (m, 4H); 2.13 (s, 3H); 1.86-1.80 (m, 2H); 1.66-1.53 (m, 2H).




Examples 116 and 117
N-((1R,3R)-3-((5-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE and N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE
Step 1. [3-(5-BROMO-2-CHLORO-PYRIMIDIN-4-YLOXY)-CYCLOBUTYL]-CARBAMIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
To a solution of (3-hydroxy-cyclobutyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (2.5 g, 13.3 mmol) in THF (40 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (8.6 g, 26.6 mmol) and 5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-pyrimidine (3 g, 13.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated, diluted with EtOAc and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (60 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the product (4.75 g, 12.6 mmol, yield: 95%). ESI-MS (M+1): 378 calc. for C13H17BrClN3O3 377.
Step 2. {3-[2-CHLORO-5-(3,6-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIMIDIN-4-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYL}-CARBAMIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
To a solution of [3-(5-bromo-2-chloro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)-cyclobutyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (5.1 g, 13.3 mmol) in dioxane (80 mL) was treated with Na2CO3 (2.8 g, 26.6 mmol) in 15 mL of H2O as a solution, followed by additional of 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran (3.3 g 16.0 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (974 mg, 1.33 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at refluxing overnight under N2 atmosphere. TLC showed that most of the staring materials were consumed completely. The solution was filtered, and the filter was concentrated. And the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give the product (2.2 g, 5.76 mmol, 43%). ESI-MS (M+1): 382 calc. for C18H24ClN3O4 381.
Step 3. {3-[5-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIMIDIN-4-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYL}-CARBAMIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER
To a solution of {3-[2-chloro-5-(3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (2.2 g, 5.76 mmol) in MeOH (40 mL) was added Pd/C (1.0 g). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature overnight under H2 atmosphere. LCMS showed that the staring material was consumed completely. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to give the product (1.2 g, 3.44 mmol, yield: 60%). ESI-MS (M+1): 350 calc. for C18H27N3O4 349.
Step 4. 3-[5-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-PYRIMIDIN-4-YLOXY]-CYCLOBUTYLAMINE
The mixture of {3-[5-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-cyclobutyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.2 g, 3.21 mmol) in HCl/MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Then it was concentrated to give 3-[5-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-cyclobutylamine (916 mg, 3.21 mmol, yield: 93%) which was used in the next step without further purification. ESI-MS (M+1): 250 calc. for C13H19N3O2 249.
Step 5. N-((1R,3R)-3-((5-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE AND N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-(TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-4-YL)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)OXY)CYCLOBUTYL)-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE
To a solution of 3-[5-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yloxy]-cyclobutylamine (916 mg, 3.21 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (2.1 g, 6.42 mmol) and 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (697 mg, 3.85 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (1×), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography on silica gel, and followed by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) to give the products.
Example 116
N-((1R,3R)-3-((5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine
PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.959. M+1: 395. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.8 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 5.48-5.40 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.60 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.41 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.71 (m, 4H).
Example 117
N-((1S,3S)-3-((5-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine
PDE10 IC50 (uM): 0.321. M+1: 395. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ (ppm): 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.22-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.16 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.03 (m, 3H), 2.16-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.76 (m, 4H).
The following Examples 118-127 can be prepared according to the above schemes and preparations from starting materials available to those skilled in the art.







TABLE 13







EXAMPLES 118-127









Ex. #
Structure
Chemical Name





118




N-(3-((5-fluoro-3- (indolin-5-yl)pyridin-2- yl)oxy)cyclobutyl) benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine


 


119




1-(6-(3-(hydroxymethyl) piperidin-1-yl)-5-(3- (quinoxalin-2-ylamino) cyclobutoxy)pyrazin-2- yl)ethanone


 


120




1-(4-(3-(1-methyl-3-((5- methylpyridin-2- yl)amino)cyclobutoxy)-6- (tetrahydrofuran-3- yl)pyridazin-4-yl)-5,6- dihydropyridin-1(2H)- yl)-2-(methylamino)ethanone


 


121




1-(4-(2-chloro-4-(3-methyl-3- ((1-methyl-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)amino)cyclobutoxy) pyrimidin-5- yl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone


 


122




5-(5-(3-(imidazo[1,2-a] pyridin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy)-2- oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H- pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-6-yl) pyrimidine-2- carbonitrile


 


123




4-(5-fluoro-2-(3-((7- methylquinazolin-2- yl)amino)cyclobutoxy) pyridin-3-yl)tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-ol


 


124




N-(3-((5-fluoro-4-(1- methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)pyridin-3-yl)oxy)cyclobutyl)- 1-methyl-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-6-amine


 


125




2-(1-(3-(1-fluoro-3-(quinolin-2- ylamino)cyclobutoxy) quinoxalin-2- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)propan-2-ol


 


126




methyl 3-fluoro-3-(4-(3- ((3-methyl-1,6- naphthyridin-2-yl)amino) cyclobutoxy)pyridin- 3-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate


 


127




5-(5,6-dihydroimidazo [1,5-a]pyrazin-7(8H)- yl)-6-((1-(isoquinolin-3- yl)azetidin-3- yl)oxy)picolinonitrile









Biological Examples
The above PDE10 IC50 data were obtained by using the following assays.
Example A
MPDE10A7 Enzyme Activity and Inhibition
Enzyme Activity. An IMAP TR-FRET assay was used to analyze the enzyme activity (Molecular Devices Corp., Sunnyvale Calif.). 5 μL, of serial diluted PDE10A (BPS Bioscience, San Diego, Calif.) or tissue homogenate was incubated with equal volumes of diluted fluorescein labeled cAMP or cGMP for 60 min in 384-well polystyrene assay plates (Corning, Corning, N.Y.) at room temperature. After incubation, the reaction was stopped by adding 60 μL, of diluted binding reagents and was incubated for 3 hours to overnight at room temperature. The plates were read on an Envision (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass.) for time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism (La Jolla, Calif.).
Enzyme Inhibition. To check the inhibition profile, 5 μL, of serial diluted compounds were incubated with 5 μL, of diluted PDE10 enzyme (BPS Bioscience, San Diego, Calif.) or tissue homogenate in a 384-well polystyrene assay plate (Corning, Corning, N.Y.) for 30 min at room temperature. After incubation, 10 μL, of diluted fluorescein labeled cAMP or cGMP substrate were added and incubated for 60 min at room temperature. The reaction was stopped by adding 60 μL of diluted binding reagents and plates were read on an Envision (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass.) for time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism (La Jolla, Calif.).
Example B
Apomorphine Induced Deficits in Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Response in Rats, an In Vivo Test for Antipsychotic Activity
The thought disorders that are characteristic of schizophrenia may result from an inability to filter, or gate, sensorimotor information. The ability to gate sensorimotor information can be tested in many animals as well as in humans. A test that is commonly used is the reversal of apomorphine-induced deficits in the prepulse inhibition of the startle response. The startle response is a reflex to a sudden intense stimulus such as a burst of noise. In this example, rats can be exposed to a sudden burst of noise, at a level of 120 db for 40 msec, e.g., the reflex activity of the rats can be measured. The reflex of the rats to the burst of noise may be attenuated by preceding the startle stimulus with a stimulus of lower intensity, at 3 db to 12 db above background (65 db), which attenuates the startle reflex by 20% to 80%.
The prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, described above, may be attenuated by drugs that affect receptor signaling pathways in the CNS. One commonly used drug is the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. Administration of apomorphine reduces the inhibition of the startle reflex produced by the prepulse. Antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol prevents apomorphine from reducing the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. This assay can be used to test the antipsychotic efficacy of PDE10 inhibitors, as they reduce the apomorphine-induced deficit in the prepulse inhibition of startle.
Example C
Conditioned Avoidance Responding (Car) in Rats, an In Vivo Test for Antipsychotic Activity
Conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) occurs, for instance, when an animal learns that a tone and light predict the onset of a mild foot shock. The subject learns that when the tone and light are on, it must leave the chamber and enter a safe area. All known antipsychotic drugs reduce this avoidance response at doses which do not cause sedation. Examining the ability of test compounds to suppress the conditioned avoidance has been widely used for close to fifty years to screen for drugs with useful antipsychotic properties.
In this example, an animal can be placed in a two-chambered shuttle box and presented with a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) consisting of a light and tone, followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) consisting of a mild foot shock through a floor grid in the shuttle box chamber. The animal can be free to escape the US by running from one chamber to the other, where the grid is not electrified. After several presentations of the CS-US pair, the animal typically learns to leave the chamber during the presentation of the CS and avoid the US altogether. Animals treated with clinically-relevant doses of antipsychotic drugs have a suppression of their rate of avoidances in the presence of the CS even though their escape response to the shock itself is unaffected.
Specifically, conditioned avoidance training can be conducted using a shuttle box (Med Associates, St. Albans, Vt.). The shuttle box is typically divided into 2 equal compartments that each contain a light source, a speaker that emits an 85 dB tone when activated and an electrified grid that can deliver a scrambled foot shock. Sessions can consist of 20 trials per day (intertrial interval of 25-40 sec) during which a 10 sec illumination and a concurrent 10 sec tone signals the subsequent delivery of a 0.5 mA shock applied for a maximum of 10 sec. Active avoidance, defined as the crossing into the opposite compartment during the 10 sec conditioning stimuli (light and tone) prevents the delivery of the shock. Crossing over to the other compartment after the delivery of the shock terminates shock delivery and may be recorded as an escape response. If an animal does not leave the conditioning chamber during the delivery of the shock it is recorded as an escape failure. Training can be continued daily until the avoidance of 16 or more shocks out of 20 trials (80% avoidance) on 2 consecutive days is achieved. After this criterion is reached the rats may be given one day of pharmacological testing. On test day, rats can be randomly assigned to experimental groups, weighed and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) (1 cc tuberculin syringe, 263⁄8 gauge needle) or per os (p.o.) (18 gauge feeding needle) with either control or compound solutions. Compounds can be injected at 1.0 ml/kg for i.p. and 10 mL/kg for p.o. administration. Compounds can be administered either acutely or chronically. For testing, each rat may be placed in the shuttle box, and given 20 trials with the same parameters as described above for training trials. The number of avoidances, escapes, and escape failures can be recorded.
Example D
PCP-Induced Hyperactivity (PCP-LMA)
Equipment Used: 4×8 home cage photobeam activity system (PAS) frame from San Diego Instruments. Open PAS program and prepare an experimental session using the following variables:
Multiphase experiment
300 sec/interval (5 min)
12 intervals (1 h)
Individual on screen switches.
Start recording after first beam break.
End session after end of interval.
Cage Preparation:
TechniplastTM rat cage with filter top, but no wire lid. Place  ̃400 mL bedding and one food pellet in cage and place 250 mL techniplast water bottle in holder on filter top. Place the prepped cage in the PAS frame. Make sure bedding or pellet doesn't block the photobeams.
Animal Preparation:
Mark rats and record their weights. Bring rats to testing room.
Phase I: Habituation
Start the experiment session. Place the rat in the enclosure. The computer should start recording when it detects the rat breaking the beam. The computer will record for 1 h. During the habituation phase, prepare risperidone (positive control): Measure out risperidone, calculate final volume at 1 mg/mL concentration and add 1% glacial acetic acid of the final volume to dissolve risperidone. When risperidone is dissolved, add saline to final volume to make a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Fill syringes (3 mL syringes with 23 g 1⁄2 needle or oral gavage needle) with Amgen compound solution (5 mL/kg) or risperidone (1 mL syringe with 23 g1⁄2 needle) control (1 mL/kg) s.c.
Phase II: Compound Pre-Treatment
Make sure Phase I has ended. Remove rat from enclosure, start the next phase using on-screen individual switch, administer compound p.o or i.p. and control s.c. and place rat back in the enclosure. The computer should start recording when it detects the rat breaking the beam. The computer will record for 1 h.
During phase II, prepare pcp: Dissolve pcp in saline to a concentration of mg/mL.
Fill syringes (1 mL syringes with 26 g3⁄8 needle) with pcp solution (1 mL/kg).
Phase III: PCP Administration.
Make sure phase II is ended. Remove rat from enclosure, start the next phase using on-screen individual switch, administer pcp s.c. and place rat back in the enclosure. The computer will record for 1 h.
Clean-Up:
End-session to terminate experiment and so that computer will compile data. Export raw data to excel file for data analysis. Euthanize rats and take necessary tissue/sample for PK.
Data Generation:
Export raw data to excel file for data analysis. Total time of movement is recorded as the number of photobeam breaks by the computer. Total time of movement (seconds) is combined into 5 minute bins and averaged for each treatment group for an N of 7-10 animals. Data are analyzed for statistical significance using a two-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed compounds. Variations and changes which are obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope and nature of the invention which are defined in the appended claims. All patents, patent applications, and other publications recited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

## Claims

1. A compound of formula I:



a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof,
m is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
each of p and q is independently 1;
the ring containing p and q is in cis or trans configuration;
R1 is C0-4alk-L1;
R2 is —C(═O)R5;
R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R4a is H, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
each R4b and R4c is independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH, OC1-4alk, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk;
R5 is C0-8alk-L3;
Ra is independently H or Rb;
Rb is independently phenyl, benzyl, or C1-6alk, wherein said phenyl, benzyl, and C1-6alk are being substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C1-4alk, C1-3haloalk, —OH, —OC1-4alk, —NH2, —NHC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk; and
L1 is cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, dihydropyranyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, and L3 is benzimidazolyl, wherein each of L1 and L3 is independently substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups which are F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —C(═NRa)NRaRa, —OC(═O)Rb, —OC(═O)NRaRa, —OC2-6alkNRaRa, —OC2-6alkORa, —SRa, —S(═O)Rb, —S(═O)2Rb, —S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —N(Ra)C(═O)ORb, —N(Ra)C(═O)NRaRa, —N(Ra)C(═NRa)NRaRa, —N(Ra)S(═O)2Rb, —N(Ra)S(═O)2NRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkNRaRa, —NRaC2-6alkORa, —C1-6alkNRaRa, —C1-6 alkORa, —C1-6 alkN(Ra)C(═O)Rb, —C1-6 alkOC(═O)Rb, —C1-6 alkC(═O)NRaRa, —C1-6alkC(═O)ORa or oxo.

2. The compound as in claim 1 wherein m is 1.

3. The compound as in claim 1 wherein the group




is in cis configuration.

4. The compound as in claim 1 wherein the group




is in trans configuration.

5. The compound as in claim 1 wherein R1 is C0-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, dihydropyranyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, all of which are substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkORa.

6. The compound as in claim 1 wherein R1 is C1-4alk-L1; wherein said L1 is tetrahydropyranyl or dihydropyranyl each of which is substituted by 0, 1, 2 or 3 R8 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, C1-6alk, C1-4haloalk, —ORa, —OC1-4haloalk, CN, —C(═O)Rb, —C(═O)ORa, —NRaRa, —C(═O)NRaRa, —SRa, and —C1-6alkORa.

7. The compound as in claim 1 wherein R1 is:

8. The compound as in claim 1 wherein R3 is H, F, Cl, C1-4alk, or C1-4haloalk.

9. The compound as in claim 1 wherein R4a is H.

10. The compound as in claim 1 wherein each of R4a, R4b, and R4c is H.

11. The compound as in claim 1 wherein Ra is H or C1-6alk substituted by 0 or 1 —OH, —OC1-4alk, —OC(═O)C1-4alk, or —N(C1-4alk)C1-4alk.

12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as in claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient thereof.

13. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from:
(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(trans-3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutyl)methanone; and
(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(cis-3-(3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-2-yloxy)cyclobutyl)methanone; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.