NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential. 

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 

2009-1097 

JACK O. CARTNER 

 and MOTRIM, INC., 

Plaintiffs-Appellants, 

v. 

ALAMO GROUP, INC., 

Defendant-Appellee. 

Philip J. Moy Jr., Fay Sharpe LLP, of Cleveland, Ohio, argued for plaintiffsappellants. With him on the brief was Alexander P. Tsarouhas. 

Steven M. Auvil, Benesch Friedlander Coplan & Aronoff, LLP, of Cleveland, 

Ohio, argued for defendant-appellee. With him on the brief were Bryan A. Schwartz and 

Benjamen E. Kern. 

Appealed from: United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio 

Senior Judge Lesley Wells
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential. 

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 

2009-1097 

JACK O. CARTNER 

and MOTRIM, INC., 

 Plaintiffs-Appellants, 

v. 

ALAMO GROUP, INC., 

 Defendant-Appellee. 

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio in 

case No. 1:07-CV-1589, Senior Judge Lesley Wells. 

_________________________ 

DECIDED: June 17, 2009 

_________________________ 

Before NEWMAN, MAYER, and SCHALL, Circuit Judges. 

SCHALL, Circuit Judge. 

DECISION 

Plaintiff-Appellants Jack O. Cartner and Motrim, Inc. (together “Cartner”) appeal 

the final judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio in 

favor of Defendant-Appellee Alamo Group, Inc. (“Alamo”) that claims 5 and 12 of 

Cartner’s U.S. Patent No. 5,197,284 (“the ’284 patent”) are invalid for failure to meet the 

written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112. Cartner v. Alamo Group, Inc., No. 

1:07CV1589 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 29, 2008). The court’s entry of judgment and concurrent 
dismissal of all other claims and counterclaims in the case followed the court’s 

construction of the claim limitation “said flow control orifice being constantly operative.” 

Cartner v. Alamo Group, Inc., No. 1:07CV1589, 2008 WL 2169005 (N.D. Ohio May 21, 

2008) (“Claim Construction”). Based on that construction, the parties stipulated that 

claims 5 and 12 of the ’284 patent are invalid under § 112. Because we conclude that 

the district court erred in its claim construction, we vacate the judgment of invalidity and 

remand the case to the district court for further proceedings. 

DISCUSSION 

I 

 Mr. Cartner is the named inventor on the ’284 patent and is president of Motrim, 

Inc., the exclusive licensee of the patent. The ’284 patent is directed towards “a 

deceleration circuit for a hydraulic motor.” ’284 patent col.1 ll.15–19. Such a circuit 

typically is used in “power mowers or ditchers or the like utilized in road maintenance 

equipment.” Id. When power to the hydraulic motor is shut off, two potential problems 

can occur: (1) “the grass cutting blade or ditching blade . . . continues to freewheel” and 

“does not come to a stop very quickly,” potentially causing damage to surroundings; or 

(2) “the motor . . . come[s] to a precipitous stop,” placing great strain on the motor and 

the fasteners that connect the cutting blades. Id. col.1 ll.25–49. The deceleration circuit 

of the current invention attempts to solve these problems by “gradually bring[ing] a 

hydraulic motor to a stop” after it is shut off. Id. col.2 ll.54–60. 

 Cartner sued Alamo for infringing several claims of the ’284 patent. Only claims 

5 and 12, however, are at issue in this appeal. Both claims, of which claim 5 is 

representative and reproduced below, contain the limitation in dispute—i.e., “said flow 

2009-1097 2
control orifice being constantly operative.” Id. col.8 ll.65–66; col.10 ll.25–26. Claim 5 

reads as follows: 

 5. A hydraulic motor deceleration system comprising: 

a pump; 

a hydraulic motor; 

a hydraulic circuit interconnecting said pump and said motor, said circuit 

comprising: 

a first hydraulic fluid line extending between said pump and said motor, 

a first control valve located in said first fluid line for controlling the 

communication of fluid between said pump and said motor, 

a second hydraulic fluid line interconnecting said control valve and said 

motor, 

a third hydraulic fluid line interconnecting said first and second hydraulic 

lines, 

a relief valve located in said third fluid line, and 

a flow control orifice located in said third fluid line, said flow control orifice 

being constantly operative, said third fluid line allowing a flow of hydraulic 

fluid from said second fluid line to said first fluid line even when said 

control valve is in a closed position, as regulated by said relief valve, and 

wherein said flow control orifice limits the speed with which such flow 

takes place. 

Id. col.8 ll.48–67. 

 After briefing and a Markman hearing, the district court construed numerous 

limitations in the claims of the ’284 patent, including the “said flow control orifice being 

constantly operative” limitation. See Claim Construction, 2008 WL 2169005, at *7–15. 

In the Claim Construction order, the court rejected Cartner’s proposed construction of 

the disputed limitation, which relied on the ’284 patent’s specification and prosecution 

history. The court determined that the specification was not instructive and that the 

statements in the prosecution history were “not explanatory.” Id. at *14. In contrast, the 

2009-1097 3
court found Alamo’s proposed construction, which relied on a dictionary definition, more 

appropriate. Id. The court also thought that Alamo’s proposed construction provided 

meaning to every word in the claim—specifically, the word “even.” Id. at *15. For those 

reasons, the district court accepted Alamo’s proposed construction and construed the 

limitation “said flow control orifice being constantly operative” as meaning that “the flow 

control orifice continuously slows fluid when the first control valve is in the open or 

closed position.” Id.

Subsequently, Cartner and Alamo stipulated that, according to the district court’s 

construction, claims 5 and 12 of the ’284 patent are invalid for failure to meet the written 

description requirement of 35 U.S.C. § 112. Accordingly, the district court entered a 

judgment of invalidity in favor of Alamo and dismissed all other claims and 

counterclaims. Cartner has timely appealed; we have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 

§ 1295(a)(1). 

II 

Cartner argues that the district court improperly construed the pertinent limitation 

because it discounted both the specification and prosecution history, instead relying 

heavily on the dictionary definitions of “constantly” and “operative.” According to 

Cartner, the district court’s construction, which requires the “flow control orifice” to slow 

fluid flow even when there is no fluid flow in the third fluid line, is inconsistent with the 

’284 patent’s specification. Cartner also contends that the prosecution history provides 

a clear definition of “said control orifice being constantly operative” that is inconsistent 

with the district court’s construction. 

2009-1097 4
Alamo responds that the district court, by relying on the plain meaning of claims 5 

and 12, arrived at the correct construction. In addition, Alamo contends that that the 

district court’s construction properly “gives meaning to all the terms of the claims.” 

Appellees’ Br. 30. According to Alamo, this is so because the district court’s 

construction requires the continuous slowing of fluid when the first valve is open or 

closed and, thus, takes into account the word “even” in the claim language. In addition, 

Alamo argues that the district court did not ignore the prosecution history, but instead 

found it unclear and “not explanatory.” Under those circumstances, Alamo argues, the 

court was correct to discount the prosecution history. 

III 

 We agree with Cartner. First, we think the district court’s construction of “said 

flow control orifice being constantly operative” is contrary to the ’284 patent’s 

specification. The specification discloses that the “flow control orifice” is located in the 

third fluid line and “regulates the rate at which hydraulic fluid flowing through the third 

hydraulic fluid line 40 can reenter the first fluid line 14.” ’284 patent col.4 ll.15–30; fig.1. 

The “flow control orifice” can only regulate fluid flow when the third fluid line 40 contains 

fluid. However, regardless of whether the first control valve is open or closed, there are 

times when the third fluid line 40 does not contain fluid—namely, when the relief valve 

42 is in the closed position, thereby preventing fluid from flowing into the third fluid line 

40. Id. fig.1. Until relief valve 42 is in the open position, it prohibits fluid flow in the third 

fluid line 40. Significantly, both parties agreed to the construction of “as regulated by a 

relief valve” in the third fluid line to mean the “[r]elief valve controls whether and how 

much fluid may flow.” Claim Construction, 2008 WL 2169005, at *7 (emphasis added). 

2009-1097 5
In other words, because the relief valve controls whether fluid may flow into the third 

fluid line, there are instances when there is no fluid flow in the third fluid line. Thus, 

because the third fluid line does not always contain fluid, the district court’s requirement 

that the flow control orifice continually slow fluid “when the first control valve is in the 

open or closed position” (regardless of whether there is fluid flow in the third fluid line) is 

contrary to the ’284 patent’s specification. 

Of particular importance to the proper claim construction in this case is the 

prosecution history of the ’284 patent. See, e.g., Mangosoft v. Oracle Corp., 525 F.3d 

1327, 1332–33 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (finding further support for the proper construction in the 

prosecution history). Contrary to the district court’s conclusion, the statements and 

amendments in the prosecution history are highly explanatory about the proper 

construction of “said flow control orifice being constantly operative.” Specifically, the 

claims that would become claims 5 and 12 initially did not include the language 

“constantly operative” to describe the claimed “flow control orifice.” In due course, the 

examiner rejected those claims in view of U.S. Patent No. 4,194,365 granted to Stoufflet 

et al. (“Stoufflet”). Stoufflet shows a “flow control orifice” (called an “adjustable 

constriction 53”) located in a two-position “solenoid valve 48.” Thus, the “adjustable 

constriction” in Stoufflet is only placed in the third fluid line, and therefore is only 

“operative,” when the solenoid valve 48 is activated. See Stoufflet col.3 ll.54–67; fig.1. 

In other words, Stoufflet’s “flow control orifice” (i.e., “adjustable constriction 53”) is not 

permanently in the fluid line, but instead must be switched into the fluid line at certain 

operation times. Contrastingly, the “flow control orifice” of claims 5 and 12 in the ’284 

patent is permanently located in the third fluid line and does not need to be switched 

2009-1097 6
2009-1097 7

into that line at certain times. See ’284 patent fig.1 item 44 (disclosing that flow control 

orifice 44 is not located in relief valve 42). Cartner’s prosecuting attorney added the 

“constantly operative” limitation to reflect this difference, arguing that Stoufflet failed to 

teach a “flow control orifice, which is constantly operative, rather than being solenoid 

controlled.” Thus, Cartner’s prosecuting attorney did not add the term “constantly 

operative” to indicate that the “flow control orifice” “continuously slows fluid,” as 

concluded by the district court. Rather, “constantly operative” was added during 

prosecution to explicitly describe the difference between the claims and the prior art—

namely, that the “flow control orifice” was not located in a solenoid valve. Accordingly, 

the district court’s construction of “constantly operative” is inconsistent with the meaning 

it was given during prosecution. 

For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the district court erred in its construction 

of the limitation “said flow control orifice being constantly operative” in claims 5 and 12. 

Taking into account the claim language, the specification, and the prosecution history as 

explained above, we construe “said flow control orifice being constantly operative” to 

mean “the flow control orifice continuously slows fluid flow when there is fluid flow in the 

third fluid line, whether the first control valve is in the open or closed position.” Because 

we have revised the district court’s claim construction, we vacate its judgment of 

invalidity of claims 5 and 12 pursuant to § 112. We therefore remand the case to the 

district court for further proceedings consistent with the claim construction we have set 

forth above. 

VACATED and REMANDED