# Patent

## Title
Window opening limit devices and method of use

## Abstract

A method of operating a window having a sash and a window opening limit device includes moving the sash from a closed position to a limited position. When in the limited position, the window opening limit device is in a projected position, and the sash is engaged with the window opening limit device. Moving the window opening limit device to a retracted position disengages the sash and the window opening limit device. The sash may then be moved from the limited position to an open range. When the sash is returned to the closed position, the window opening limit device automatically returns to the projected position, and the sash is disengaged with the window opening limit device.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/405,923, filed Oct. 22, 2010, entitled “Window Opening Limit Device and Method of Use”; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/412,578, filed Nov. 11, 2010, entitled “Frame-mounted Window Opening Limit Device and Method of Use”; the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.


INTRODUCTION
The distance a window may open may be limited by the use of a window opening limit device (WOLD). These WOLDs typically are installed in one window sash of a double hung window (or other sliding window) and project from the window sash when activated. As the opposite window sash is opened, the WOLD limits the distance of the opening, either for safety (to prevent inadvertent egress of a child) and/or security (to prevent an intruder from gaining access). Once a WOLD is deactivated, the window may be opened completely; however, the WOLD remains deactivated until reset by an action on the part of a user, even if the window is subsequently closed.
Recently, changes in building codes have required enhancements for WOLDs. For example, ASTM International has released Standard F2090-10, entitled “Standard Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape (Egress) Release Mechanisms,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Among other requirements, this standard requires that a WOLD automatically resets when a window is moved to a closed position, withstand forces to prevent inadvertent egress or active intrusion, and allow a disabled user to disengage a WOLD using a single hand.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, the technology relates to a window opening limit device having a slider, a button movably engaged with the slider, wherein the button is positionable in a retracted position and a projected position, and a projecting spring for biasing the button toward the projected position. In an embodiment, the window opening limit device includes a bezel, wherein the slider is slidably engaged with the bezel, and wherein the slider is slidable between a first position and a second position. In another embodiment, the window opening limit device includes a return spring for biasing the slider toward the first position. In yet another embodiment, the button is pivotally engaged with the slider. In still another embodiment, the slider includes a front surface, wherein when in the retracted position, the button is positioned substantially behind a plane defined by the front surface, and wherein when in the projected position, at least a portion of the button projects beyond the plane defined by the front surface.
In another aspect, the technology relates to a window including a first sash; and a window opening limit device having a slider positionable in a first position and a second position; a button movably engaged with the slider, wherein the button is positionable in a retracted position and a projected position; and a projecting spring for biasing the button toward the projected position. In an embodiment, the first sash is slidably positionable in a closed range, a contacted range, a limited position, and an open range. In another embodiment, the first sash is in the closed range, the button is in the projected position and the first sash is not engaged with the button. In yet another embodiment, the first sash is in the contacted range, the button is in the projected position and the first sash is engaged with the button. In still another embodiment, when the first sash is in the limited position, the button is in the projected position and the first sash is engaged with the button.
In another embodiment of the above aspect, when the first sash is in the open range, the button is in the refracted position and the first sash is not engaged with the button. In certain embodiments, the slider is in the first position when the first sash is in each of the closed range and the open range, and the slider is in the second position when the first sash is in the limited position. In another embodiment, the window opening limit device further includes a bezel wherein the slider is slidably engaged with the bezel. In yet another embodiment, the window further includes a frame, wherein the window opening limit device is at least partially inserted within the frame, and wherein the first sash is slidably engaged with the frame. In yet another embodiment, the window further includes a second sash, wherein the window opening limit device is at least partially inserted within the second sash, and wherein the first sash is slidable relative to the second sash.
In another aspect, the technology relates to a method of operating a window having a sash and a window opening limit device, the method including: moving the sash from a closed position to a limited position, wherein when in the limited position, the window opening limit device is in a projected position, and the sash is engaged with the window opening limit device; moving the window opening limit device to a retracted position so as to disengage the sash and the window opening limit device; moving the sash from the limited position to an open range; and moving the sash from the open range to the closed position, such that when the sash is in the closed position, the window opening limit device automatically returns to the projected position, and the sash is disengaged with the window opening limit device. In an embodiment, when in the limited position, engagement of the sash and the window opening limit device substantially prevents movement of the sash from the limited position to the open range.
In an embodiment of the above aspect, the technology relates to a window opening limit device including: a housing having a front face, a rear face, and a mounting flange; a button slidably and pivotally engaged with the housing, the button including a locking end; and a spring for biasing the locking end toward a projected position, wherein when in the projected position, the locking end projects beyond the front face. In an embodiment, the button includes a release end, and when the locking end is in the projected position, the release end projects beyond the rear face. In another embodiment, the locking end is positionable in a retracted position, and when in the retracted position, the locking end and the release end are located substantially within the housing. In yet another embodiment, the button is positionable in a first position and a second position, wherein the spring biases the button toward the first position. In still another embodiment, the spring is connected to the housing and the button.
In another aspect, the technology relates to a window including: a window frame; a window sash slidably engaged with the window frame; and a window opening limit device secured to the window frame, the window opening limit device including: a housing having a front face, a rear face, and a mounting flange; a button slidably and pivotally engaged with the housing, the button having a locking end; and a spring for biasing the locking end toward a projected position, wherein when in the projected position, the locking end projects beyond the front face. In an embodiment, the sash is slidably positionable in a closed range, a contacted range, a limited position, and an open range. In another embodiment, when the sash is in the closed range, the locking end is in the projected position and the sash is not engaged with the locking end. In yet another embodiment, when the sash is in the contacted range, the locking end is in the projected position and the sash is engaged with the locking end. In still another embodiment, when the sash is in the limited position, the locking end is in the projected position and the sash is engaged with the locking end.
In another embodiment of the above aspect, when the sash is in the open range, the locking end is in the retracted position and the sash is not engaged with the locking end. In another embodiment, the button is positionable in a first position and a second position, the spring biases the button toward the first position; and the button is in the first position when the sash is in each of the closed range and the open range; and the button is in the second position when the sash is in the limited position. In yet another embodiment, the button further includes a release end, and when the locking end is in the projected position, the release end projects beyond the rear face. In still another embodiment, the locking end is positionable in a retracted position, and when in the retracted position, the locking end and the release end are located substantially within the housing.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
There are shown in the drawings, embodiments which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the technology is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
FIG. 1A is a front perspective view of a window opening limit device.
FIG. 1B is a rear perspective view of the window opening limit device of FIG. 1A.
FIG. 1C is an exploded front perspective view of the window opening limit device of FIG. 1A.
FIG. 2A is a front perspective view of another window opening limit device.
FIG. 2B is a front perspective view of components of the window opening limit device of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 2C is a front perspective view of components of the window opening limit device of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of another window opening limit device.
FIG. 4A is a rear perspective view of another window opening limit device.
FIG. 4B is an exploded rear perspective view of the window opening limit device of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 5A is a partial front perspective view of a window having a window sash in a closed range.
FIG. 5B is a partial front perspective view of the window of FIG. 5A having the window sash in a contacted position.
FIG. 5C is a partial front perspective view of the window of FIG. 5A having the window sash in a limited position.
FIG. 5D is a partial front perspective view of the window of FIG. 5A having the window sash in an open range.
FIG. 6A is a partial side section view of the window sash of FIG. 6A in the closed range.
FIG. 6B is a partial side section view of the window sash of FIG. 6A in the contacted position.
FIG. 6C is a partial side section view of the window sash of FIG. 6A in the limited position.
FIGS. 6D-6E are partial side section views of the window sash of FIG. 6A in the open range.
FIG. 7A is a partial front perspective view of a window having a window sash in a closed range.
FIG. 7B is a partial front perspective view of the window of FIG. 7A in a contacted position.
FIG. 7C is a partial front perspective view of the window of FIG. 7A in a limited position.
FIGS. 7D-7E are partial front perspective views of the window of FIG. 7A in an open range.
FIG. 8A depicts a schematic side view of the range of motion of a window sash having a window opening limit device.
FIG. 8B depicts a method of opening a window having a window opening limit device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1A-1C depicts one embodiment of a window opening limit device (WOLD) 100. The WOLD 100 is sized to fit within an opening or cut-out in the face of a window sash or window frame. A bezel 102 includes a bezel face 104, generally dimensioned to cover the outer edges of the opening into which the WOLD 100 is inserted. The bezel 102 includes one or more integral locking elements 106 that hold the WOLD 100 in place in the window sash. Alternatively, mounting screws or nails through the bezel face 104, chemical adhesives, or other attachment means may be utilized. Deflectable locking elements 106 such as those depicted allow a defective or damaged WOLD 100 to be easily replaced.
A slider 108 is located behind the bezel 106. The rear of the bezel 106 may include a bezel recess 110 sized to accommodate the outer dimensions of a face 112 of the slider 108. The bezel recess 110 forms a track in which the slider 108 may slidably engage with the bezel 102, thereby limiting twisting and potential disengagement. The sliding movement S of the slider 108 is described below. The slider 108 may be a complete or partial enclosure for a button 114 or locking tab that is connected to the slider 108 with an axle 116 or hinge for pivotal movement of the button 114 relative to the slider 108. Alternatively, a snap fit connection may be utilized in place of the axle 116. Alternative embodiments of the slider include a cage-like housing or a bracket configured to suspend the button via the axle. An enclosed housing 118 may be desirable, however, to limit infiltration of outside air through the WOLD 100 into a building interior. The slider 100 includes stops 120 that may be surfaces 120a of the slider 108 itself or extension elements 120b that project from the slider 108. Both configurations of stops 120 are depicted in FIG. 1B. During use, these stops 120 contact one or more projections 122 that may extend from the bezel 102, thereby preventing further movement of the slider 108. In the depicted embodiment, the projections 122 are integral with both the bezel 102 and the locking elements 106. In alternative embodiments, the stops 120 may directly contact a portion of the window opening, a tab that remains as part of the routing process, or a discrete projection that extends from the rear of the bezel 102.
A coiled projecting spring or other biasing element 126, such as a leaf spring, interacts with the slider 108 and the button 114 to pivotally bias P the button 114 towards a projected position, where the button 114 projects through an opening 124 defined by the bezel 102. In other embodiments of the WOLD, a return spring may be utilized between the stop nearest the hinge and the associated projection to force the slider into the position depicted in the figures. Alternatively or additionally, a spring may be used proximate the opposite projection to draw the slider into the depicted position.
FIGS. 2A-2C depicts another embodiment of a WOLD 200. This embodiment also includes a bezel 202 having a bezel face 204 and an opening 224 therein. In lieu of the slider depicted above, however, the WOLD 200 depicted in FIGS. 2A-2C utilizes a housing 218 secured to the rear of the bezel 202. One or more locking elements 206 may be located on the housing 218, the bezel 202, or both to secure the WOLD 200 within the window sash. As depicted in FIGS. 2B and 2C, a button 214 is configured to slide S relative to both the bezel 202 (as in the previous embodiment) and the housing 218 in which it is contained (unlike the previous embodiment, where the button 114 moved with the slider housing 118). To this end, the button 214 includes two integral projections 216 that are configured to slide in a sliding recess 216 or slot formed in the walls of the housing 218. Alternatively, a separate axle, as described above, may be utilized. In this embodiment, a spring 226 connects the housing 218 with a post 214a proximate the projections 216. This spring 226 performs two functions. First, it forces the button 214 to pivot on the projections 216, such that the button 214 is biased to project pivotally P through the opening 224. Second, it biases the button 214 toward the bottom position depicted in the figures, as the button 214 moves within the housing 218 during opening of a window sash.
FIG. 3 depicts another embodiment of a WOLD 300. In this embodiment, a button 314 or locking tab is configured to project linearly L (as opposed to pivotally, as in the first two WOLD embodiments) out of the slider housing 318, through an opening 324 on the bezel face 304. A leaf or coil spring or other biasing element 326 engaged between the slider housing 318 and the button 314 biases the button 314 forward through the opening 324. One or more locking elements 306 project from a rear of the bezel 302. In general, the embodiment of the WOLD 300 depicted in FIG. 3 operates similar to the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C.
FIGS. 4A and 4B depict yet another embodiment of a WOLD 400. This embodiment includes a housing 418, a mounting flange 402a, and a face element 404. The flange 402a defines one or more openings 402b that may be used to secure the WOLD 400 to a window frame with screws or other fasteners. Alternatively, chemical adhesives may be utilized. As depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a button 414 is configured to move both slidably S and pivotally P within the housing 418 in which it is located. To this end, the button 414 includes two integral projections 416 that are configured to slide S in a sliding recess 416a or slot formed in the walls of the housing 418. Alternatively, a separate axle, as described above, may be utilized. In this embodiment, a spring 426 connects the housing 418 to the button 414. This spring 426 performs two functions. First, it forces the button 414 to pivot P on the projections, such that a locking end 414a of the button 414 is biased to project through a face opening 424. Second, it biases the button 414 toward the bottom position depicted in FIG. 4A, as the button 414 moves within the housing 418 during opening of a window sash. When the projections 416 are proximate a lower end of the sliding recess 416a, the button 414 is in a first position; when the projections 416 are proximate an upper end of the sliding recess 416a, the button 414 is in a second position. The button 414 in FIGS. 4A and 4B also includes a release end 414b. When the locking end 414a is in the projected position, the release end 414b is also in a projected position, projecting through an access opening 418a on the housing 418. The application of a force F to the release end 414b pivots the button 414, thus moving both the release end 414b and the locking end 414a into retracted positions substantially within the housing 418.
FIGS. 5A-5D depict a window 500 including a WOLD 100 as described above with regard to FIGS. 1A-1C or FIGS. 2A-2C. For clarity, in the remaining paragraphs, the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1A-1C will be described, unless otherwise noted. A person of skill in the art will understand the differences in operation and functionality of the WOLD 200 depicted in FIGS. 2A-2C. Additionally, in so far as the WOLD 300 depicted in FIG. 3 also uses a button/slider/bezel combination, the differences in functionality and operation with that embodiment will also be understood by a person of skill in the art.
In the following paragraphs, the operation of the WOLD will be described using the terms upper sash and lower sash, as typical in a double-hung window installation. The use of these terms is for illustrative purposes only. A person of skill in the art will understand, based on the description provided herein, the operation of a WOLD installed in a window frame (e.g., in the jamb, perpendicular to the plane defined by the sash) or in a sash of a single-hung window. Additionally, the various embodiments of the WOLDs described herein may be used in conjunction with window sashes that slide horizontally, instead of vertically, as depicted. If installed in horizontally-oriented sashes, however, a return spring such as that described with regard to FIGS. 1A-1C should be used to bias the slider into its starting position. The WOLD depicted in FIGS. 2A-2C may be used in horizontal window applications.
In the depicted embodiment, the WOLD 100 is installed within an upper window sash 500a of a double-hung window 500. FIG. 5A depicts a lower window sash 500b in a closed range. In this case, the closed range includes any position of the lower window sash 500b from the completely closed position to a position just prior to the contacted position. While the lower sash is in the closed range, the button 114 extends through the opening on the bezel 102 and the lower window sash 500b is not in contact with the button 114. The various ranges are described in more detail with regard to FIGS. 8A and 8B, below.
FIG. 5B depicts the lower sash 500b in a contacted range. In this case, the contacted range includes any position of the lower sash 500b from the contacted position to just prior to the sash 500b reaching the limited position. At the beginning of the contacted range, in the contacted position, the lower sash 500b first contacts the button 114 as the lower sash 500b is being raised. This contact may occur as the lower sash 500b is lifted a predefined distance from the closed position, as dictated largely by the position of the WOLD 100. This distance to the contacted position may be about 31⁄2 inches or some other distance, as desired or as dictated by building or safety codes. The lower sash 500b remains in the contacted range as the lower sash 500b moves upward, in some cases about another 1⁄2 inch. The total distance the window sash 500b travels in the contacted range may be dictated by code, and in the depicted embodiment, is controlled in part by the distance the slider may move before the upper stop contacts the upper projection (i.e., the total length of the WOLD 100). This movement is further described below in FIGS. 6A-6D.
FIG. 5C depicts the lower sash 500b in a limited position. In this case, the limited position is reached when the slider contacts the upper projection, and is described in more detail below. In the limited position, the interaction of the projection with the slider stop, the slider with the button, and the button with the lower sash effectively prevents further upward movement of the lower sash 500b. 
FIG. 5D depicts the lower sash 500b in an open range. In this case, the open range is any position in which an upper surface of the lower sash 500b has moved higher than the lower surface of the WOLD button 114. To move the lower sash 500b beyond the limited position, a user presses the button 114 into a retracted position within the WOLD 100, generally behind the bezel face 104. Once in the retracted position, due to gravity or the force of the return spring, the slider returns to its first bottom position and the button 114 is no longer positioned to prevent movement of the lower sash 500b, allowing the sash to be moved higher. As the lower sash 500b is returned to the closed range, the lower sash 500b again passes the button 114, and the spring forces the button 114 back into a projected position. This projected position will again prevent the window sash 500b from being completely opened without first disengaging the button 114.
FIG. 6A is a partial side section view of the window 500 of FIG. 5A in the closed range. With the lower sash 500b in this range, the slider 108 is in a first or bottom position and the button 114 is biased into the projected position. Since the lower sash 500b is subject to a moving force FM, typically by a person lifting the lower sash 500b, the lower sash 500b moves relative to the window frame and the upper sash 500a. As the moving force FM lifts the lower sash 500b higher, the lower sash 500b approaches the projected button 114. FIG. 6B is a partial side section view of the lower sash 500b in the contacted position, at the bottom of the contacted range. In the contacted range, the button 114 is in the projected position and contacts a portion of the lower sash 500b. As the moving force FM lifts the lower sash 500b higher, the interaction of the lower sash 500b, button 114, and slider 108 lifts the button 114 and slider 108 along with the lower sash 500b, through the entire contacted range. From the first slider position, where the slider 108 rests on the lower projection 120b, the slider 108 moves upward based on the moving force FM, until it contacts the upper projection 120a, as depicted in FIG. 6C. In FIG. 6C, the lower sash 500b is in the limited position. In the limited position, the slider 108 interacts with the upper projection 120a, imposing a limiting force FL on further upward movement of the lower sash 500b, as long as the button 114 remains in the projected position, as depicted.
FIG. 6D depicts the lower sash 500b in the open range, after a disengaging force FD is directed toward the button 114, thereby moving the button 114 behind the bezel 102. As the button 114 is disengaged with the lower sash 500b and moved to the retracted position, the slider 108 returns from the second slider position (in contact with the upper projection 120a) to the first slider position (in contact with the lower projection 120b). This return R may be caused by gravity (in a vertical window application), return spring force, or a combination thereof. FIG. 6E depicts the lower sash 500a in an open range with the slider 108 returned to the first slider position, in contact with the lower projection 120b. With the button 114 remaining in the retracted position, due to the interaction with the lower sash 500b, the lower sash 500b is free to move up or down FM, provided the top of the lower sash 500b does not move below the level of the button 114.
FIGS. 7A-7E depict the WOLD 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B, mounted to a window frame 700c. This installation would be desirable for single hung windows, where only a single sash is movable. The WOLD 400 is secured to a window frame 400c via a flange 402a and one or more fasteners. Due to the location of the housing 418, the locking end 414a of the button 414 extends into a path of travel of the sash 700b. In FIG. 7A, which depicts the sash 700b in a closed range, both the locking end 414a and release end 414b of the button 414 are in a projected position, while the button 414 is in a first, bottom position. In the closed range, the sash 700b is not in contact with the locking end 414a of the button 414. FIG. 7B depicts the window sash 700b in the contacted position, where the locking end 414a of button 414 is in contact with a top surface of the sash 700b. FIG. 7C depicts the window sash 700b in the limited position, where the locking end 414a is in contact with the upper surface of the sash 700b. In the limited position, the button 414 is in a second, top position, thus preventing further upward movement of the window sash 700b. 
FIG. 7D depicts the window sash 700b in the open range, just after a force has been applied to the release end 414b of the button 414. The applied force pivots the button 414 about the projections, such that both the release end 414b and the locking end 414a are moved into retracted positions within the housing 418. In the open range, the locking end 414a is not in contact with the sash 700b. FIG. 7E depicts the window sash 700b in the open range, after the button 414 has returned to the first position due to the force of the spring within the housing 418. Thereafter, if the upper surface of the window sash 700b is moved below the level of the WOLD 400, the locking end 414a will automatically project into the path of travel of the sash 700b. 
FIG. 8A depicts a schematic side view of the range of motion of a window having a WOLD as described therein. The various positions and ranges are depicted in FIG. 8A and are referenced in the method depicted in FIG. 8B, below. FIG. 8B depicts a method of opening a window 800 that includes one or more WOLDs in accordance with one embodiment of the present technology. The first step of the method includes moving the window sash from a closed position to a contacted position 802 (that is, through the closed range, as described above). Thereafter, the sash is moved from the contacted position, through a contacted range, to a limited position 804. At this limited position, further movement of the sash is effectively impossible, due to projection of the button into the patch of travel of the sash. To enable additional movement of the sash, the WOLD is retracted 806. If more than one WOLD is present on the window 808 (in general, matching WOLDs on either side of a sash or frame are utilized), that WOLD is also moved to a retracted position 806. Thereafter, the sash may be moved from the limited position to an open range 810. The sash may then move freely anywhere in the open range, up or down. The sash may then be moved from the open position to the closed range 812. When moving the sash past the level of the button (which defines the top of the closed range), the button will automatically reset the button to the projected position 814. At that point, the WOLD is reset, such that another attempt to open the window past the limited position effectively will not be possible.
It is contemplated that more than one WOLD may be used on a window, typically one on each side of the sash. However, a single WOLD may be utilized if desired. Additionally, multiple WOLDs may be used on a single side of a window sash, to provide multiple limited positions, as desired for a particular application. Additionally, WOLDs may be installed on both the sash and the frame, for multiple limited positions, for additional security, or for both. The entire WOLD or components thereof may be manufactured by known techniques using injection molded plastics, including PVC, ABS, various grade densities of polyethylene, or other plastics typically used in the fenestration industry. Additionally, the entire WOLD or components thereof may be manufactured of stainless steel, brass, zinc, or other metals. Components described herein, for example, the bezel and housing of the embodiment of FIGS. 2A-2C, or the frame and flange of the embodiment of FIGS. 4A-4B, may be integrally or discretely manufactured.
While there have been described herein what are to be considered exemplary and preferred embodiments of the present technology, other modifications of the technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the teachings herein. The particular methods of manufacture and geometries disclosed herein are exemplary in nature and are not to be considered limiting. It is therefore desired to be secured in the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the technology. Accordingly, what is desired to be secured by Letters Patent is the technology as defined and differentiated in the following claims, and all equivalents.

## Claims

1. A window opening limit device comprising:
a housing comprising a face and a mounting flange, wherein the housing defines an access opening;
a button slidably and pivotally engaged with the housing, the button comprising a locking end and a release end, wherein when the locking end is in a projected position, the release end projects through the access opening, wherein when the locking end is in a retracted position, the release end is disposed within the housing, and wherein the release end is accessible to a user; and
a spring for biasing the locking end toward the projected position, wherein when in the projected position, the locking end projects beyond the face.

2. The window opening limit device of claim 1, wherein the access opening is disposed opposite the face of the housing.

3. The window opening limit device of claim 2, wherein when in the retracted position, the locking end is located substantially within the housing.

4. The window opening limit device of claim 1, wherein the button is positionable in a first position and a second position, wherein the spring biases the button toward the first position.

5. The window opening limit device of claim 1, wherein the spring is connected to the housing and the button.