NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

In re: HEARTWISE, INC.,

 Debtor,

------------------------------------------------------

VITAMINS ONLINE, INC.,

 Appellant,

 v.

HEARTWISE, INC.; MAGLEBY, 

CATAXINOS & GREENWOOD, P.C.,

 Appellees.

No. 22-60060

BAP No. 22-1089

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the Ninth Circuit

Bankruptcy Appellate Panel

Gan, Lafferty III, and Spraker, Bankruptcy Judges, Presiding

Submitted June 13, 2024

**

Pasadena, California

Before: MURGUIA, Chief Judge, and CHRISTEN and VANDYKE, Circuit 

Judges.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as 

provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral 

argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

JUN 20 2024

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

Vitamins Online, Inc. (“VOL”) appeals the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel’s 

order affirming the bankruptcy court’s decision to permissively abstain from 

resolving its competing claims with its former counsel, Magleby Cataxinos & 

Greenwood P.C., to a substantial money judgment VOL previously obtained against 

Heartwise, Inc. See 28 U.S.C. § 1334(c)(1). VOL now contends the bankruptcy 

court lacked jurisdiction over the dispute between it and MCG under 28 U.S.C. § 157 

and § 1334(b). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). See Thermtron 

Prods., Inc. v. Hermansdorfer, 423 U.S. 336, 345 (1976), superseded by statute on 

other grounds by 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c); Kelton Arms Condo. Owners Ass’n, Inc. v. 

Homestead Ins. Co., 346 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2003). The bankruptcy court’s 

jurisdiction presents a legal issue this court reviews de novo. In re Rains, 428 F.3d 

893, 903 (9th Cir. 2005). We affirm.

District courts may refer to the bankruptcy court “any or all cases under title 

11 and any or all proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case 

under title 11.” 28 U.S.C. § 157(a). Under § 157, bankruptcy judges “may hear and 

determine” two different kinds of proceedings: (1) “all core proceedings arising 

under title 11, or arising in a case under title 11,” id. § 157(b)(1), and (2) “a 

proceeding that is not a core proceeding but that is otherwise related to a case under 

title 11,” id. § 157(c)(1). See In re Wilshire Courtyard, 729 F.3d 1279, 1285–93 (9th 
3 

Cir. 2013) (distinguishing between core “‘arising under’ and ‘arising in’” 

jurisdiction and non-core “related to” jurisdiction).

The bankruptcy court had jurisdiction because adjudicating VOL’s and 

MCG’s competing claims are “core proceedings arising under ... or arising in a case 

under title 11.” 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(1). A non-exhaustive list of “core proceedings”

in § 157(b)(2)(B) includes the “allowance or disallowance of claims against the 

estate.” “The filing of a proof of claim is the prototypical situation involving the 

‘allowance or disallowance of claims against the estate,’” In re G.I. Indus., Inc., 204 

F.3d 1276, 1279 (9th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted), and “there can be no serious 

dispute that claims filed in bankruptcy are within the bankruptcy court’s core 

jurisdiction,” In re Conejo Enters., 96 F.3d 346, 349 (9th Cir. 1996).

Here, both VOL and MCG filed a proof of claim for the full amount of the 

money judgment and an objection to each other’s claims. By doing so, they initiated

a core “allowance or disallowance of claims” proceeding as contemplated by 

§ 157(b)(2)(B). Under 11 U.S.C. § 502, proofs of claim are “deemed allowed[] 

unless a party in interest ... objects,” id. § 502(a), in which case “the court, after 

notice and a hearing, shall determine the amount of such claim ... and shall allow 

such claim in such amount,” id. § 502(b).

Where, as here, claims and objections thereto have been filed in a Chapter 11 

proceeding, it is a core function of the bankruptcy court to determine whether such 
4 

claims should be allowed and in what amount, pursuant to the procedure laid out in

§ 502. That is true even if adjudicating the underlying dispute regarding the 

engagement letter is “a non-core issue.” See G.I. Indus., 204 F.3d at 1280 (holding 

that a creditor “voluntarily subjected” a non-core issue of state law contract 

interpretation “to the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction” “[b]y filing the proof of claim” 

because the “bankruptcy court c[ould] only consider an objection to a claim and thus 

overcome the presumption of its validity by examining the contract itself and the 

circumstances surrounding its formation”). Because the bankruptcy court had core 

jurisdiction over VOL’s and MCG’s competing claims to the money judgment, it did 

not lack jurisdiction to issue an order permissively abstaining from that dispute.1

AFFIRMED.

1 We also DENY VOL’s motion to take judicial notice (Dkt. No. 28) as moot.