45-day Notice 02/08/08 

Board Hearing: 03/27/08 

2

nd 15-Day Notice: 10/03/08 

California Environmental Protection Agency 

 AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

 CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

2009 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES, AND 2001 AND 

 SUBSEQUENT MODEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, 

 LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES

 Adopted: [Insert date of adoption] 
45-day Notice 02/08/08 

Hearing Date: 03/27/08 

2

nd 15-day Notice: 10/03/08

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page 

No.

A Applicability .......................................................................................................A-1 

B. Definitions .........................................................................................................B-1 

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards ...................................................................... C-1 

1. ZEV Emission Standard......................................................................... C-1 

2. Percentage ZEV Requirements. ............................................................ C-1 

3. Partial ZEV Allowance Vehicles (PZEVs) ............................................ C-67

4. Qualification for ZEV Multipliers and Credits ................................... C-1011

5. [Reserved] ....................................................................................... C-1315

6. [Reserved] ....................................................................................... C-1315

7. Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties......... C-1315

8. Severability ...................................................................................... C-1720

9. Public Disclosure ............................................................................. C-1720

D. Certification Requirements ................................................................................. D-1 

1. Durability and Emission Testing Requirements ..................................... D-1 

2. Information Requirements: Application for Certification ........................ D-1 

3. ZEV Reporting Requirements................................................................ D-2 

E. Test Procedures ...................................................................................................E-1 

1. Electric Dynamometer ............................................................................E-1

2. Vehicle and Battery Break-In Period.......................................................E-1 

3. All-Electric Range Test ...........................................................................E-1 

4. Determination of Battery Specific Energy for ZEVs ................................E-3 

5. Determination of the Emissions of the Fuel-fired Heater ........................E-3 

6. Hybrid Electric Vehicle FTP Emission Test Provisions ...........................E-3 

7. Hybrid Electric Vehicle Highway Emission Test Provisions ....................E-8 

8. Hybrid Electric Vehicle SFTP Emission Test Provisions.......................E-10 

9. State-of-Charge Net Change Tolerances .............................................E-15 
45-day Notice 02/08/08 

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nd 15-Day Notice: 010/03/08

 A,B-1

 CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR 

2009 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES, AND 2001 AND 

 SUBSEQUENT MODEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES, IN THE PASSENGER CAR, 

 LIGHT-DUTY TRUCK AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLE CLASSES 

A. Applicability

The emission standards and test procedures in this document are applicable to 

2009 and subsequent model-year zero-emission passenger cars, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty vehicles, and 2001 and subsequent model-year hybrid electric passenger 

cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles. The general procedures and 

requirements necessary to certify a vehicle for sale in California are contained in the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent 

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles” (hereinafter 

“LDV/MDV TPs”), and apply except as amended herein. A manufacturer may elect to 

certify a 2000 model-year hybrid electric vehicle under these standards and test 

procedures and the LDV/MDV TPs. 

B. Definitions

In addition to the following, these test procedures incorporate by reference the 

definitions and abbreviations set forth in the Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations § 

86.1803-01, the definitions and abbreviations set forth in the LDV/MDV TPs, and the 

definitions set forth in section 1900, title 13, CCR. 

“Advanced technology PZEV” or “AT PZEV” means any PZEV with an 

allowance greater than 0.2 before application of the PZEV early introduction phase-in 

multiplier. 

“All-Electric Range Test” means a test sequence used to determine the range 

of an electric vehicle or of a hybrid electric vehicle without the use of its auxiliary power 

unit. The All-Electric Range Test cycle consists of the Highway Fuel Economy 

Schedule and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (see section E of these test 

procedures). 

“Auxiliary power unit” means a device that converts consumable fuel energy 

into mechanical or electrical energy. Some examples of auxiliary power units are 

internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or fuel cells. 

“Battery electric vehicle” or “BEV” means any vehicle that operates solely by 

use of a battery or battery pack, or that is powered primarily through the use of an 

electric battery or battery pack but uses a flywheel or capacitor that stores energy 

produced by the electric motor or through regenerative braking to assist in vehicle 

operation. 

“Battery or Battery pack” means any electrical energy storage device 

consisting of any number of individual battery modules or cells that is used to propel a 
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 A,B-2

battery electric or hybrid electric vehicle. These terms may also generically refer to 

capacitor and flywheel energy storage devices in the context of hybrid electric vehicles. 

“Battery state-of-charge” means the quantity of electrical energy remaining in 

the battery relative to the maximum rated capacity of the battery expressed in percent. 

“Charge-depleting” means that the battery of a hybrid electric vehicle ultimately 

fully discharges and impairs vehicle operation as the vehicle continuously operates over 

a given driving cycle when no off-vehicle charging is performed and the consumable 

fuel is regularly replenished. Hybrid electric vehicles are required to be classified as 

either charge-sustaining or charge-depleting over each driving cycle (i.e. UDDS, 

HFEDS, US06, or SC03). 

“Charge depletion range actual or Rcda” means the distance achieved by a 

hybrid electric vehicle on a specified driving cycle at the point when the zero emission 

energy storage device is depleted of off-vehicle charge and regenerative braking 

derived energy. 

“Charge-sustaining” means that the battery of a hybrid electric vehicle 

ultimately does not fully discharge and impair vehicle operation as the vehicle 

continuously operates over a given driving cycle when no off-vehicle charging is 

performed and the consumable fuel is regularly replenished. Hybrid electric vehicles 

are required to be classified as either charge-sustaining or charge-depleting over each 

driving cycle (i.e. UDDS, HFEDS, US06, or SC03). 

“Consumable fuel” means any solid, liquid, or gaseous matter that releases 

energy when consumed by an auxiliary power unit. 

“Electric drive system” means an electric motor and associated power 

electronics which provide acceleration torque to the drive wheels sometime during 

normal vehicle operation. This does not include components that could act as a motor, 

but are configured to act only as a generator or engine starter in a particular vehicle 

application. 

“Electric range fraction” means the fraction of electrical energy derived from 

off-vehicle charging and regenerative braking energy relative to total traction energy 

used over the charge depletion range on a specified drive cycle. 

“Enhanced AT PZEV” means any PZEV that has an allowance of 1.0 or greater 

per vehicle without multipliers and makes use of a ZEV fuel

“Equivalent all electric range” means the charge depletion range multiplied by 

the electric range fraction (EAER = Rcd x ERF). 

“Fuel-fired heater” means a fuel burning device that creates heat for the 

purpose of warming the passenger compartment of a vehicle but does not contribute to 

the propulsion of the vehicle. 

“HFEDS” means highway fuel economy driving schedule. See 40 CFR 

600.109(b). 

“Hybrid electric vehicle” or “HEV” means any vehicle that can draw 

propulsion energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy: 1) a 

consumable fuel and 2) an energy storage device such as a battery, capacitor, or 

flywheel. 

“Neighborhood Electric Vehicle” or “NEV” means a motor vehicle that meets 

the definition of “low-speed vehicle” either in section 385.5 of the Vehicle Code or in 49 
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CFR 571.500 (as it existed on July 1, 2000), and is certified to zero-emission vehicle 

standards. 

“Off-vehicle charge capable” means having the capability to charge a battery 

from an off-vehicle electric energy source that cannot be connected or coupled to the 

vehicle in any manner while the vehicle is being driven. 

“Placed in service” means having been sold or leased to an end-user and not 

just to a dealer or other distribution chain entity, and having been individually registered 

for on-road use by the California Department of Motor Vehicles. 

“PZEV” means any vehicle that is delivered for sale in California and that 

qualifies for a partial ZEV allowance of at least 0.2. 

“Regenerative braking” means the partial recovery of the energy normally 

dissipated into friction braking that is returned as electrical current to an energy storage 

device. 

“SC03” means the U.S. EPA SC03 driving schedule representing vehicle 

operation with air conditioning, as set forth in Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 86. 

“SOC Net Change Tolerance” means the state-of-charge net change tolerance 

that is applied to the SOC Criterion for charge-sustaining hybrid electric vehicles when 

validating an emission test. See section D.8 of these procedures for tolerance 

specifications. 

“SOC Criterion” means the state-of-charge criterion that is applied to chargesustaining hybrid electric vehicle to validate an emission test. The SOC Criterion 

requires that no net change in battery energy occurs over a given test cycle, i.e. the 

final battery state-of-charge that is recorded at the end of the emission test must be 

equivalent to the initial battery state-of-charge that is set at the beginning of the 

emission test. The SOC Net Change Tolerance shall be applied to the SOC Criterion. 

“Section 177 State” means a state that is administering the California ZEV 

requirements pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

“Type 0, I, I.5, II, III, and IV, and V ZEV” all have the meanings set forth in 

section C.4.4(a). 

“US06” means the US06 driving schedule for aggressive driving as set forth in 

Appendix I of 40 CFR Part 86. 

“UDDS” means urban dynamometer driving schedule as set forth Appendix I of 

40 CFR Part 86. 

“Zero-emission vehicle” or “ZEV” means any vehicle certified to zero-emission 

standards. 

“Zero-emission VMT” means the vehicle miles traveled with zero exhaust 

emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant). 

“ZEV fuel” means a fuel that provides traction energy in on-road ZEVs. 

Examples of current technology ZEV fuels include electricity, hydrogen, and 

compressed air. 

C. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards.

 

1. ZEV Emission Standard. The Executive Officer shall certify new 2009 

and subsequent model passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles as 
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 C-4 

ZEVs if the vehicles produce zero exhaust emissions of any criteria pollutant (or 

precursor pollutant) under any and all possible operational modes and conditions. 

2. Percentage ZEV Requirements 

2.1 General Percentage ZEV Requirement. 

(a) Basic Requirement. The minimum percentage ZEV requirement for each 

manufacturer is listed in the table below as the percentage of the PCs and LDT1s, and 

LDT2s to the extent required by section C.2.2(c), produced by the manufacturer and 

delivered for sale in California that must be ZEVs, subject to the conditions in section 

C.2.2. 

Model Years Minimum ZEV Requirement 

2009 through 2011 11 % 

2012 through 2014 12 % 

2015 through 2017 14 % 

2018 and subsequent 16 % 

(b) Calculating the Number of Vehicles to Which the Percentage ZEV 

Requirement is Applied. For the 2009 through 2011 model years, aA manufacturer’s 

production volume of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s as applicable, produced and 

delivered for sale in California to comply with a given model year ZEV requirement will 

be based on thea three-year average of the manufacturer’s volume of PCs and LDT1s, 

and LDT2s as applicable, produced and delivered for sale in California in the prior 

fourth, fifth and sixth years (e.g. 2010 model-year ZEV requirements will be based on 

California production volumes of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s as applicable, for the 

2004 to 20062003 through 2005 model years). For 2012 and subsequent model years, 

a manufacturer’s production volume for the given model year and two subsequent 

model years will be based on the three-year average of the manufacturer’s volume of 

PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as applicable, produced and delivered for sale in 

California in the prior fourth, fifth and sixth years [for example, 2013 model year ZEV 

requirements (for the 2013 through 2015 model years) will be based on California 

production volumes of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s as applicable, for the 2007 to 2009 

model years]. This production averaging is used to determine ZEV requirements only, 

and has no effect on a manufacturer’s size determination. As an alternative to the 

three year averaging of prior year production described above, a manufacturer may 

elect to base its ZEV obligation on the number of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as

applicable,to the extent required by section C.2.1(c) produced by the manufacturer and 

delivered for sale in California that same model year. For 2012 and subsequent model 

years, Aa manufacturer may, on an annual basis, select either the three year average 

or the same model year calculation method. In applying the ZEV requirement, a PC, 

LDT1, or LDT2 as applicable, that is produced by a small volumeone manufacturer 

(e.g., Manufacturer A), but is marketed in California by another manufacturer (e.g., 

Manufacturer B) under the other manufacturer’s (Manufacturer B) nameplate, shall be 
45-day Notice 02/08/08 

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 C-5 

treated as having been produced by the marketing manufacturer (Manufacturer B). 

(c) Phase-in of ZEV Requirements for LDT2s. Beginning with the ZEV 

requirements for the 2009 model year, a manufacturer’s LDT2 production shall be 

included in determining the manufacturer’s overall ZEV requirement under section 

C.2.1(a) in the increasing percentages shown in the table below. 

2009 2010 2011 2012+ 

51% 68% 85% 100% 

 (d) Exclusion of ZEVs in Determining a Manufacturer’s Sales Volume. In 

calculating for purposes of sections C.2.1(b) and (c) the volume of PCs, LDT1s and 

LDT2s a manufacturer has produced and delivered for sale in California, the 

manufacturer shall exclude the number of ZEVs produced by the manufacturer, or by a 

subsidiary in which the manufacturer has a greater than 50 percent ownership interest, 

and delivered for sale in California. 

2.2 Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers. 

(a) Primary Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers through Model 

Year 2011. In the 2009 through 2011 model years, a large-volume manufacturer must 

meet at least 22.5 percent of its ZEV requirement with ZEVs or ZEV credits generated 

by such vehicles, and at least another 22.5 percent with ZEVs, advanced technology 

AT PZEVs, or credits generated by such vehicles. The remainder of the large-volume

manufacturer’s ZEV requirement may be met using PZEVs or credits generated by 

such vehicles. 

(b) Alternative Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers.

(1) Minimum Floor for Production of Type III ZEVs. 

 

(A) [RESERVED] 

(B) Requirement For the 2009-2011 Model Years. A large volume

manufacturer electing to be subject to the alternative compliance requirements during 

model years 2009 through 2011 must produce, deliver for sale, and place in service in 

California enough 2009-2011 model-year Type III ZEVs to generate ZEV credits equal 

to sufficient to meet a cumulative percentage ZEV requirement of 0.800.82 percent of 

the manufacturer’s average annual California sales of PCs and LDT1s, and LDT2s, as 

applicable, over the three year period from model years 2003 through 2005, sales, 

using either production volume determination method described in section C.2.1(b)

though production, delivery for sale, and placement in service of ZEVs, other than 

NEVs and Type 0s ZEVs, using credit ratios for each ZEV Type compared to a Type III 

prescribed in the table below, , of the manufacturer’s average annual California sales of 

PCs, and LDT1s over the three year period from model years 2003 through 2005, or 
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 C-6 

submit an equivalent number of credits generated by such vehicles. The manufacturer 

may meet this requirement with [i] 2009-2011 model-year Type I or Type II ZEVs, 

provided that 2 Type I ZEVs or 1.33 Type II ZEVs or 0.8 Type IV ZEVs will equal one 

Type III ZEV 

ZEV Types Credit Substitution Ratio

Type I 2

Type I.5 1.6

Type II 1.33

Type IV 0.8

Type V 0.57

(i) Manufacturers may use credits generated by 1997-2003 model-year ZEVs 

that qualify for an extended service multiplier under section C.6 for a year primarily 

during calendar years 2009-2011, provided that 33 years of such a multiplier will equal 

4 ZEV credits. 

(ii) Manufacturers may elect, on an annual basis, to determine their alternative 

requirement using either production volume determination methods described in section 

C.2.1(b).

(C) [RESERVED]

(D) [RESERVED] 

 (E) [RESERVED]

(F) Exclusion of Additional Credits for Transportation Systems. Any additional 

credits for transportation systems generated in accordance with section C.7.5 shall not 

be counted towards compliance with this section C.2.2(b)(1)(B). 

(G) Carry-over of Excess Credits. ZEV credits generated from excess 

production in model years 2005 through 2008 may be carried forward and applied to 

the 2009 through 2011 minimum floor requirement specified in 1962.1(b)(2)(B)1.b.

section C.2.2(b)(1)(B) provided that the value of these carryover credits shall be based 

on the model year in which the credits are used. Beginning inwith the 2012 model year, 

these credits may no longer be used to meet the ZEV requirement; they may be used 

as Enhanced AT PZEV, AT PZEV, or PZEV credits. ZEV credits earned in model year 

2009 and subsequent would be allowed to be carried forward for two years for 

application to the ZEV requirement. For example, ZEV credit earned in the 2010 model 

year would retain full flexibility through the 2012 model year, at which time that credit 

could only be used as Enhanced AT PZEV, AT PZEV, or PZEV credits, and could not 

be used to satisfy the ZEV credit obligation, which may only be satisfied with credit 

generated from ZEVs. 
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(H) Failure to Meet Requirement for Production of Type III ZEVs. A 

manufacturer that, after electing to be subject to the alternative requirements in 

section C.2.2(b) for any model year from 2009 through 2011, fails to meet the 

requirement in section C.2.2(b)(1)(B) by the end of the 2011 model yearthe specified 

three year period in which the model year falls, shall be treated as subject to the 

primary requirements in section C.2.1(a) for the 2009 through 2011 model years.all 

model years in the specified three year period. 

 (I) Rounding Convention. The number of Type III ZEVs needed for a 

manufacturer under section C.2.2(b)(1)(B) shall be rounded to the nearest whole 

number. 

(2) Compliance With Percentage ZEV Requirements. In the 2009 through 

2011 model years, a large volume manufacturer electing to be subject to the alternative 

compliance requirements in a given model year must meet at least 45 percent of its 

ZEV requirement for that model year with ZEVs, advanced technologyAT PZEVs or 

Enhanced AT PZEVs, or credits generated from such vehicles. ZEV credits generated 

for compliance with the alternative requirements during any given model year will be 

applied to the 45 percent which may be met with ZEVs, AT PZEVs, Enhanced AT 

PZEVs, or credits generated from such vehicles, but not PZEVs. The remainder of the 

large volume manufacturer’s ZEV requirement may be met using PZEVs or credits 

generated from such vehicles. 

(3) Sunset of Alternative Requirements After the 2011 Model Year. The 

alternative requirements in section C.2.2(b) are not available after the 2011 model year. 

 (c) Election of the Primary or Alternative Requirements for Large Volume 

Manufacturers. A large volume manufacturer shall be subject to the primary ZEV 

requirements for the 2009 model year unless it notifies the Executive Officer in writing 

prior to the start of the 2009 model year that it is electing to be subject to the alternative 

compliance requirements for that model year. Thereafter, a manufacturer shall be 

subject to the same compliance option as applied in the previous model year unless it 

notifies the Executive Officer in writing prior to the start of a new model year that it is 

electing to switch to the other compliance option for that new model year. However, a 

large volume manufacturer that has previously elected to be subject to the primary ZEV 

requirements for one or more of the 2009 through 2011 model yearsin the three year 

period identified in section C.2.2(b)(1)(A)-(D) may prior to the end of the 2011 model 

year three year period elect to become subject to the alternative compliance 

requirements for the 2009 through 2011 model years the full three year period upon a 

demonstration that it has complied with all of the applicable requirements for that period 

in section C.2.2(b)(1)(B). 

 

(d) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers in Model Years 2012 

through 2017.. 

(1) 2012 through 2014 Requirements. In the 2012 through 2017 model 
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years, aA large-volume manufacturer must meet the total ZEV obligation total percent 

requirement as shown in the table below with ZEVs or ZEV credits generated by such 

vehicles, excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, equal to at least 0.81%0.79% of its annual 

sales, using either production volume determination method described in section 

C.2.1(b) No more than 50% of the total obligation may be met with PZEVs, No more 

than 75% of the total obligation may be met with AT PZEVs. No more than 92.593.4% 

may be met with Enhanced AT PZEVs, Type 0 ZEVs, and NEVs, other than limits 

described in section C.7.6. The entire requirement may be met solely with ZEVs. 

Optionally, a manufacturer may choose to meet or exceed the minimum ZEV floor and 

then stasify the remainder of the manufacturer requirement using Enhanced AT PZEVs, 

AT PZEVs, and PZEVs. 

(2) 2015 through 2017 Requirements. A manufacturer must meet its ZEV 

obligation with ZEVs or ZEV credits generated by such vehicles, excluding NEVs and 

Type 0 ZEVs, equal to at least 3% of its annual sales, using either production volume 

determination method described in section C.2.1(b). No more than 42.8% of the total 

obligation may be met with PZEVs, No more than 57.1% of the total obligation may be 

met with AT PZEVs. No more than 78.5% may be met with Enhanced AT PZEVs, Type 

0 ZEVs, and NEVs, other than limits described in section C.7.6. The entire requirement 

may be met solely with ZEVs. 

(3) The following table enumerates a manufacturer’s annual percentage 

obligation for the 2012 though 2017 model years if it were to the manufacturer produces

the minimum number of credits required to meet the its ZEV obligation and the total 

annual percent ZEV requirement and the maximum percentage for the optional 

Enhanced AT PZEV, AT PZEV, and PZEV categories that may be used to meet the 

total percentage ZEV requirement.

Years 

Total ZEV 

Percent 

Requirement

Minimum 

ZEV floor 

percentage

range

Enhanced 

AT PZEVs, 

Type 0s,or 

NEVs

percentage

range

AT PZEVs PZEVs up to

2012 – 2014 12 0..79810.3 –

3.0

2.21190.0 –

2.7

3.0 6.0 

2015 – 2017 14 3.0 – 6.0 0.0 – 3.0 2.0 6.0 

(4) Exclusion of Use of Additional Credits for Transportation Systems. Any 

additional credits for transportation systems generated in accordance with section C.7.5

shall not be counted towards compliance with may be used to meet up to one tenth of 

the portion of the ZEV obligation which must be met with ZEVs, specified in section 

C.2.2(d)(1).
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(e) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers in Model Year 2018 and 

Subsequent. In the 2018 and subsequent model years, a large-volume manufacturer 

must meet a ZEV total percent requirement of 16 percent. The maximum portion of a 

large volume manufacturer’s percentage ZEV requirement that may be satisfied by 

PZEVs that are not Enhanced AT PZEVs or advanced technologyAT PZEVs, or credits 

generated by such vehicles, is limited to 6 percent of the manufacturer’s applicable 

California PC, LDT1, and LDT2 production volume; Enhanced AT PZEVs and AT

advanced technology PZEVs or credits generated by such vehicles may be used either 

alone or in combination, to meet up to one-half of the manufacturer’s remaining ZEV 

requirement. 

2.3 Requirements for Intermediate Volume Manufacturers. In 2009 and 

subsequent model years, an intermediate volume manufacturer may meet its ZEV 

requirement with up to 100 percent PZEVs or credits generated by such vehicles. 

2.4 Requirements for Small Volume Manufacturers and Independent Low 

Volume Manufacturers. A small volume manufacturer or an independent low volume 

manufacturer is not required to meet the percentage ZEV requirements. However, a 

small volume manufacturer or an independent low volume manufacturer may earn and 

market credits for the ZEVs or PZEVs it produces and delivers for sale in California. 

2.5 Counting ZEVs and PZEVs in Fleet Average NMOG Calculations. For 

purposes of calculating a manufacturer’s fleet average NMOG value and NMOG credits 

under sections 1960.1(g)(2) and 1961(b) and (c), title 13, CCR, a vehicle certified as a 

ZEV is counted as one ZEV, and a PZEV is counted as one SULEV certified to the 

150,000 mile standards, regardless of any ZEV or PZEV multipliers. 

2.6 [RESERVED]. 

2.7 Changes in Small Volume, Independent Low Volume, and 

Intermediate Volume Manufacturer Status. 

(a) Increases in California Production Volume. In 2009 and subsequent model 

years, if a small volume manufacturer’s average California production volume exceeds 

4,500 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of vehicles 

produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years, or if an 

independent low volume manufacturer’s average California production volume exceeds 

10,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of vehicles 

produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years, the 

manufacturer shall no longer be treated as a small volume, or independent low volume 

manufacturer, as applicable, and shall comply with the ZEV requirements for 

independent low volume or intermediate volume manufacturers, as applicable, 

beginning with the sixth model year after the last of the three consecutive model years. 

If an intermediate volume manufacturer’s average California production volume 

exceeds 60,000 units of new PCs, LDTs, and MDVs based on the average number of 
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 C-10 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model 

years (i.e., total production volume exceeds 180,000 vehicles in a three year period), 

the manufacturer shall no longer be treated as an intermediate volume manufacturer 

and shall, beginning with the sixth model year after the last of the three consecutive 

model years, meet the ZEV requirements with PZEVs, of which at least one-fourth 

would have to be AT PZEVs and shall, beginning with the ninth model year after the last 

of the three consecutive model years, meet the ZEV regulation requirements with 

PZEVs, of which at least one-third would have to be AT PZEVs. The manufacturer 

would comply with all ZEV requirements for large volume manufacturers beginning with 

the twelfthsixth model year after the last of the three consecutive model years. 

Requirements will begin in the fourth model year rather than the sixth model 

yearThe lead time shall be four rather than six years wherewhen a manufacturer 

ceases to be a small or intermediate volume manufacturer in 2003 or subsequent years 

due to the aggregation requirements in majority ownership situations, except that if the 

majority ownership in the manufacturer was acquired prior to the 2001 model year, the 

manufacturer must comply with the stepped-up ZEV requirements starting in the 2010 

model year. 

 (b) Decreases in California Production Volume. If a manufacturer’s average 

California production volume falls below 4,500, 10,000 or 60,000 units of new PCs, 

LDTs, and MDVs, as applicable, based on the average number of vehicles produced 

and delivered for sale for the three previous consecutive model years, the manufacturer 

shall be treated as a small volume, independent low volume, or intermediate volume 

manufacturer, as applicable, and shall be subject to the requirements for a small 

volume, independent low volume, or intermediate volume manufacturer beginning with 

the next model year. In determining small volume manufacturer status, vehicles 

produced by one manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer 

under the other manufacturer’s nameplate shall be treated as part of the California 

production volume of the sales of the marketing manufacturer.

(c) Calculating California Production Volume in Change of Ownership Situations.

Where a manufacturer experiences a change in ownership in a particular model year, 

the change will affect application of the aggregation requirements on the manufacturer 

starting with the next model year. The manufacturer’s small or intermediate volume 

manufacturer status for the next model year shall be based on the average California 

production volume in the three previous consecutive model years of those 

manufacturers whose production volumes must be aggregated for that next model year. 

 For example, where a change of ownership during the 2010 model year results in a 

requirement that the production volume of Manufacturer A be aggregated with the 

production volume of Manufacturer B, Manufacturer A’s status for the 2011 model year 

will be based on the production volumes of Manufacturers A and B in the 2008-2010 

model years. Where the production volume of Manufacturer A must be aggregated with 

the production volumes of Manufacturers B and C for the 2010 model year, and during 

that model year a change in ownership eliminates the requirement that Manufacturer 

B’s production volume be aggregated with Manufacturer A’s, Manufacturer A’s status 
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for the 2011 model year will be based on the production volumes of Manufacturers A 

and C in the 2008-2010 model years. In either case, the lead time provisions in 

sections C2.57(a) and (b) will apply. 

3. Partial ZEV Allowance Vehicles (PZEVs).

3.1 Introduction. This section C.3 sets forth the criteria for identifying 

vehicles delivered for sale in California as PZEVs. A PZEV is a vehicle that cannot be 

certified as a ZEV but qualifies for a PZEV allowance of at least 0.2. 

3.2 Baseline PZEV Allowance. In order for a vehicle to be eligible to receive 

a PZEV allowance, the manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with all of the 

following requirements. A qualifying vehicle will receive a baseline PZEV allowance of 

0.2. 

(a) SULEV Standards. Certify the vehicle to the 150,000-mile SULEV 

exhaust emission standards for PCs and LDTs in section 1961(a)(1), title 13, CCR. Bifuel, fuel-flexible and dual-fuel vehicles must certify to the applicable 150,000-mile 

SULEV exhaust emission standards when operating on both fuels; 

(b) Evaporative Emissions. Certify the vehicle to the evaporative emission 

standards in section 1976(b)(1)(E), title 13, CCR zero-fuel evaporative emissions 

standards); 

(c) OBD. Certify that the vehicle will meet the applicable on-board diagnostic 

requirements in sections 1968.1 or 1968.2, title 13, CCR, as applicable, for 150,000 

miles; and 

(d) Extended Warranty. Extend the performance and defects warranty period 

set forth in sections 2037(b)(2) and 2038(b)(12) to 15 years or 150,000 miles, 

whichever occurs first, except that the time period is to be 10 years for a zero emission 

energy storage device used for traction power (such as a battery, ultracapacitor, or 

other electric storage device). 

3.3 Zero-Emission VMT PZEV Allowance.

(a) Calculation of Zero Emission VMT Allowance. A vehicle that meets the 

requirements of section C.3.2 and has zero-emission vehicle miles traveled (“VMT”) 

capability will generate an additional zero emission VMT PZEV allowance, calculated as 

follows: 

 
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Urban 

Equivalent All-Electric Range 

(EAER)Rcda

Zero-emission VMT Allowance 

EAER < 10 miles 0.0 

EAER >=10 miles 

and

Rcda = 10 miles to 100 40 miles 

EAER x (1 – UFRcda)/14.611.028

Rcda > 10040 miles 1.58

EAER40/ 29.63

The urban equivalent all-electric range (EAER) and urban charge 

depletion range actual (Rcda) shall be determined in accordance with section 

E.3.2.1(2)(a) of these test procedures. The Uutility Ffactor (UF) based on the charge 

depletion range actual (Rcda) shall be determined according to the 0-100 mile 4th order 

curve fit from SAE J1711J2841 PropDft 2008., issued March 1999, p52.

 (b) Alternative Procedures. As an alternative to determining the zeroemission VMT allowance in accordance with the preceding section C.3.3(a), a 

manufacturer may submit for Executive Officer approval an alternative procedure for 

determining the zero-emission VMT potential of the vehicle as a percent of total VMT, 

along with an engineering evaluation that adequately substantiates the zero-emission 

VMT determination. For example, an alternative procedure may provide that a vehicle 

with zero-emissions of one regulated pollutant (e.g., NOx) and not another (e.g., 

NMOG) will qualify for a zero-emission VMT allowance of 1.5. 

(c) [RESERVED].

 

3.4 PZEV Allowance for Advanced ZEV Componentry. A vehicle that 

meets the requirements of section C.3.2 may qualify for an advanced componentry 

PZEV allowance as provided in this section 3.4. 

(a) Use of High Pressure Gaseous Fuel or Hydrogen Storage System. A 

vehicle equipped with a high pressure gaseous fuel storage system capable of refueling 

at 3600 pounds per square inch or more and operating exclusively on this gaseous fuel 

shall qualify for an advanced componentry PZEV allowance of 0.2. A vehicle capable 

of operating exclusively on hydrogen stored in a high pressure system capable of 

refueling at 50003600 pounds per square inch or more, or stored in nongaseous form, 

or at cryogenic temperatures, shall instead qualify for an advanced componentry PZEV 

allowance of 0.3. 

 (b) Use of a Qualifying HEV Electric Drive System
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(1) Classification of HEVs. HEVs qualifying for additional advanced 

componentry PZEV allowance or allowances that may be used in the AT PZEV 

category are classified in one of fourfive types of HEVs based on the criteria in the 

following table. HEVs must qualify for the Zero-Emission VMT Allowance in section 

C.3.3(a). of this document and achieve 10 miles or more of all electric UDDS range in 

addition to meeting the requirements in the following table to qualify for Type F 

advanced componentry allowance.

Characteristics Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G

Electric Drive 

System Peak 

Power Output 

≥ 10 kW ≥ 10 kW ≥ 50 kW 

Zero Emission 

VMT 

allowance; ≥

10 mile 

all-electric 

range (UDDS 

drive cycle)

Zero-Emission 

VMT allowance;

≥ 10 mile 

all-electric range

(US06 drive 

cycle)

Traction Drive 

System Voltage < 60 Volts ≥ 60 Volts 

≥ 60 

volts ≥ 60 volts ≥ 60 volts

Traction Drive 

Boost Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Regenerative 

Braking Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Idle Start/Stop Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

(2) [RESERVED]. 

(3) [RESERVED]. 

(4) Type C HEVs. A PZEV that the manufacturer demonstrates to the 

reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer meets all of the criteria for a Type C 

HEV, and that is equipped with an advanced traction energy storage system – such as 

lithium ion batteries, nickel metal-hydride batteries, ultracapacitors, or other similar 

systems – with a design lifetime of at least 10 years, qualifies for an additional 

advanced componentry allowance of 0.2 in the 2009 through 2011 model years, 0.15 in 

the 2012 through 2014 model years, and 0.1 in the 2015 and subsequent model years. 

 (5) Type D HEVs. A PZEV that the manufacturer demonstrates to the 

reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer meets all of the criteria for a Type D 

HEV qualifies for an additional advanced componentry allowance of 0.4 in the 2009 
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through 2011 model years, 0.35 in the 2012 through 2014 model years, and 0.25 in the 

2015 and subsequent model years. 

(6) Type E HEVs. A PZEV that the manufacturer demonstrates to the 

reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer meets all of the criteria for a Type E 

HEV qualifies for an additional advanced componentry allowance of 0.5 in the 2009 

through 2011 model years, 0.45 in the 2012 through 2014 model years, and 0.35 in the 

2015 and subsequent model years. 

(7) Type F HEVs. A PZEV that the manufacturer demonstrates to the 

reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer meets all of the criteria for a Type F 

HEV, including achieving 10 miles or more of all-electric UDDS range, qualifies for an 

additional advanced componentry allowance of 0.8572 in the 2009 through 2011 model 

years, 0.867 in the 2012 through 2014 model years, and 0.757 in the 2015 and 

subsequent model years. 

(8) Type G HEVs. A PZEV that the manufacturer demonstrates to the 

reasonable satisfaction of the Executive Officer meets all of the criteria for a Type G 

HEV, including achieving 10 miles or more of all-electric US06 range, qualifies for an 

additional advanced componentry allowance of 0.95 in the 2009 through 2011 model 

years, 0.89 in the 2012 through 2014 model years, and 0.78 in the 2015 and 

subsequent model years. 

(8)(9) Severability. In the event that all or part of section C.3.4(b)(1)-(78) is 

found invalid, the remainder of these standards and test procedures, including the 

remainder of section C.3.4(b)(1)-(78), remains in full force and effect. 

3.5 PZEV Allowance for Low Fuel-Cycle Emissions. A vehicle that makes 

exclusive use of fuel(s) with very low fuel-cycle emissions shall receive a PZEV 

allowance of 0.3. In order to receive the PZEV low fuel-cycle emissions allowance, a 

manufacturer must demonstrate to the Executive Officer, using peer-reviewed studies 

or other relevant information, that NMOG emissions associated with the fuel(s) used by 

the vehicle (on a grams/mile basis) are lower than or equal to 0.01 grams/mile. Fuelcycle emissions must be calculated based on near-term production methods and 

infrastructure assumptions, and the uncertainty in the results must be quantified. 

3.6 Calculation of PZEV Allowance.

(a) Calculation of Combined PZEV Allowance for a Vehicle. The combined 

PZEV allowance for a qualifying vehicle in a particular model year is the sum of the 

PZEV allowances listed in this section C.3.6, multiplied by any PZEV introduction 

phase-in multiplier listed in section C.3.7, subject to the cap in section C.3.6(b). 

(1) Baseline PZEV Allowance. The baseline PZEV allowance of 0.2 for 

vehicles meeting the criteria in section C.3.2; 
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(2) Zero Emission VMT PZEV Allowance. The zero-emission VMT PZEV 

allowance, if any, determined in accordance with section C.3.3.; 

(3) Advanced ZEV Componentry PZEV Allowance. The advanced ZEV 

componentry PZEV allowance, if any, determined in accordance with section C.3.4; and 

(4) Fuel-cycle Emissions PZEV Allowance. The fuel-cycle emissions PZEV 

allowance, if any, determined in accordance with section C.3.5. 

(b) Caps on the Value of an AT PZEV Allowance. 

(1) Cap for 20122009 and Subsequent Model-Year Vehicles. The maximum 

value an AT PZEV may earn before phase-in multipliers, including the baseline PZEV 

allowance, is 3.0. 

(2) [RESERVED].

3.7 PZEV Multipliers

(a) [RESERVED]. 

(b) Introduction Phase-In Multiplier for PZEVs That Earn a Zero Emission 

VMT Allowance. Each 2009 through 2011 model year PZEV that earns a zero 

emission VMT allowance under section C.3.3 and is produced and delivered for sale in 

California sold to a California motorist or is leased for three or more years to a 

California motorist who is given the option to purchase or re-lease the vehicle for two 

years or more at the end of the first lease term, qualifies for a phase-in multiplier of 

3.01.25.

4. Qualification for ZEV Multipliers and Credits. 

4.1 [RESERVED]. 

4.2 [RESERVED]. 

4.3 [RESERVED]. 

4.4 ZEV Credits for 2009 and Subsequent Model Years. 

(a) ZEV Tiers for Credit Calculations. ZEV credits from a particular ZEV are 

based on the assignment of a given ZEV into one of the following sixeight ZEV tiers: 
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ZEV Tier UDDS ZEV 

Range (miles) 

Fast Refueling Capability 

NEV No minimum N/A 

Type 0 < 50 N/A 

Type I ≥ 50, <75 N/A 

Type I.5 ≥ 75, <100 N/A 

Type II ≥ 100 N/A 

Type III ≥ 100 

Must be capable of 

replacing 95% maximum 

rated energy capacity in 

≤ 10 minutes per section 

4.4(b)

OR ≥ 200 N/A

≥ 100 

Must be capable of 

replacing 95 miles (UDDS 

ZEV range) in ≤ 10 minutes 

per section C.4.4(b)

Type III

≥ 200 N/A

Type IV ≥ 200 

Must be capable of 

replacing 190 miles (UDDS 

ZEV range) in ≤ 1015

minutes per section 

1962.1(d)(5)(B)C.4.4(ab)

Type V ≥ 300 

Must be capable of 

replacing 285 miles (UDDS 

ZEV range) in ≤ 15 minutes 

per section C.4.4(ab)

(b) Fast Refueling. The “fast refueling capability” requirement for a 2009 and 

subsequent model-year Type III, or IV, or V ZEV in section 1962(d)(5)(A)C.4.4.(a) will 

be considered met if the Type III ZEV has the capability to accumulate at least 95 miles 

of UDDS range in 10 minutes or less and the Type IV or V ZEV has the capability to 

accumulate at least 190 or 285 miles, respectively , in 15 minutes or less. For ZEVs 

that utilize more than one ZEV fuel, such as plug-in fuel cell vehicles, the Executive 

Officer may choose to waive these section C.4.4.(b) fast fueling requirements and base 

the amount of credit earned on UDDS ZEV range, as specified in section C.4.4.(a). 

(c) ZEV Credits for 2009 and Subsequent Model-Year ZEVs. A 2009 and 

subsequent model-year ZEV, other than a NEV or Type 0, earns 1 ZEV credit when it is 

produced and delivered for sale in California. A 2009 and subsequent model-year ZEV 

earns additional credits based on the earliest year in which the ZEV is placed in service 

(not earlier than the ZEV’s model year). The following table identifies the total credits 
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that a ZEV in each of the sixeight ZEV tiers will earn, including the credit not contingent 

on placement in service, if it is placed in service in the specified model calendar year or 

by June 30 after the end of the specified calendar year. 

Total Credit Earned by ZEV Type and Model Year for 

Production and Delivery for Sale and for Placement 

Tier Calendar Year in Which ZEV is Placed in Service 

 2009-2017 2018+

NEV 0.30 0.30 

Type 0 1 1 

Type I 2 2 

Type I.5 2.5 2.5 

Type II 3 3 

Type III 4 3 

Type IV 5 3 

Type V 7 3

 (d) Multiplier for Certain Type I and Type II ZEVs. A 2009 through 2011 

model-year Type I and Type II ZEVs, excluding NEVs or Type 0 ZEVs, shall qualify for 

a multiplier of 1.25 if it is either sold to a motorist or is leased for three or more years to 

a motorist who is given the option to purchase or re-lease the vehicle for two years or 

more at the end of the first lease term. 

 (e) Counting Specified ZEVs Placed in a Section 177 State and in California. 

(1) Provisions for 2009 Model Year. 

 (A) ZEVs, excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the 

California ZEV standards or approved as part of an advanced technology 

demonstration program and are placed in service in a section 177 state, may be 

counted towards compliance with the California percentage ZEV requirements in 

section C.2, including the requirements in section C.2.2(b), as if they were delivered for 

sale and placed in service in California. 

 
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(B) ZEVs, excluding NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs that are certified to the California 

ZEV standards or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration program 

and are placed in service in California may be counted towards the percentage ZEV 

requirements of any section 177 state, including requirements based on section 

C.2.2(B).

(2) Provisions for 2010 and Subsequent Model Years. As specified in the 

table below, sSpecified model year Type I, I.5, II, III, or IV ZEVs, excluding NEVs and 

Type 0 ZEVs, that are either certified to the California ZEV standards applicable for the 

ZEV’s model year or approved as part of an advanced technology demonstration 

program and are placed in service in California or in a state that is administering the 

California ZEV requirements pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507) (hereafter “section 177 state”) applicable for the ZEV’s model year may 

be counted towards compliance in California and in anyall section 177 states, with the 

California percentage ZEV requirements in section C.2, including the requirements in 

section C.2.2(b) and (d), provided that the credits are multiplied by the ratio of an LVM’s 

applicable production volume for a model year, as specified in section C.2.1(b)total

sales in the state receiving credit to the LVM’s applicable production volume (hereafter, 

“proportional value”), as specified in section C.2.1(b) for the same model yeartotal sales

in California. Credits generated in a section 177 state will be earned at the proportional 

value in the section 177 state, and earned in California at the full value specified in 

section C.4.5(d) However, credits generated by 2010 and 2011 model-year vehicles

produced, delivered for sale, and placed in service, or as part of an advanced 

technology demonstration program in California to meet the any section 177 state’s 

requirements that implement section C.2.2(b) requirements are exempt from 

proportional value, with the maximum number of credits allowed to be counted towards 

compliance in a section 177 state being limited to the number of credits needed to 

satisfy a manufacturer’s section 177 state’s requirements to implement

section C.2.2(b)(1)(B). The table below specifies the qualifying model years for each 

ZEV type that may be counted towards compliance in anyall section 177 states.as if 

they were delivered for sale and placed in service in California. Similarly, specified 

model year Type I, I.5, II, III or IV ZEVs that are certified to the California ZEV 

standards and are placed in service in California may be counted towards the 

percentage ZEV requirements of any state that is administering the California ZEV 

requirements pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act, including 

requirements based on on section C.2.2(b).

 

Vehicle Type Through Model 

Years: 

Type I, I.5, or II ZEV 2009 – 2014 

Type III or, IV, or V

ZEV 

2009 – 2017 

 (f) NEV Test Procedures. Beginning in 2010 model year, to be eligible for the 
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credit amount in section C.4.4.(c), NEVs must meet the following specifications and 

requirements in this section C.4.4(f):

(1) Specifications. A 2010 and subsequent model-year NEV, earns credit 

when it meets all the following specifications: 

(A) Acceleration. The vehicle has a 0-20 mph acceleration of 6.0 seconds or 

less when operating with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with the battery at a 

50% state of charge.

(B) Top Speed. The vehicle has a minimum top speed of 20 mph when 

operating with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with the battery at a 50% state of 

charge. The vehicle’s top speed shall not exceed 25 mph when tested in accordance 

with 49 CFR 571.500 (68 FR 43972, July 25, 2003).

(C) Constant Speed Range. The vehicle has a minimum 25 mile range when 

operating at constant top speed with a payload of 332 pounds and starting with the 

battery at 100% state of charge.

(2) Battery Requirement. A qualifying NEV must be equipped with sealed, 

maintenance-free batteries.

(3) Warranty Requirement. A 2010 and subsequent model year NEV drive 

train, including battery packs, must be covered for a period of at least 24 months. aAt

least 6 months of the first 12 months of the NEV coveragewarranty period must be 

covered shall beby a full warranty; the remainder of the first 12 months and all of the 

second 12 months of the coveragewarranty period may be covered under optional 

extended warranties (available for purchase) extended warranties and may be prorated. 

 If the extended warranty is prorated, the percentage of the battery pack's original value 

to be covered or refunded must be at least as high as the percentage of the prorated 

coverage period still remaining. For the purpose of this computation, the age of the 

battery pack must be expressed in intervals no larger than three months. Alternatively, 

a manufacturer may cover 50 percent of the original value of the battery pack for the full 

period of the extended warranty.

(4) Prior to allowance approval, the Executive Officer may request that the 

manufacturer provide copies of representative vehicle and battery warranties.

5. [Reserved]

6. [Reserved] Extended Service Multiplier for 1997-2003 Model-Year 

ZEVs and PZEVs With ≥ 10 Mile Zero Emission Range. Except in the case of a 

NEV, an additional ZEV or PZEV multiplier will be earned by the manufacturer of a 

1997 through 2003 model-year ZEV, or PZEV with ≥ 10 mile zero emission range for 
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each full year it is registered for operation on public roads in California beyond its first 

three years of service, in the 2009 through 2011 calendar years. For additional years 

of service starting earlier than April 24, 2003, the manufacturer will receive 0.1 times the 

ZEV credit that would be earned by the vehicle if it were leased or sold new in that year, 

including multipliers, on a year-by-year basis beginning in the fourth year after the 

vehicle is initially placed in service. For additional years of service starting 

April 24, 2003 or later, the manufacturer will receive 0.2 times the ZEV credit that would 

be earned by the vehicle if it were leased or sold new in that year, including multipliers, 

on a year-by-year basis beginning in the fourth year after the vehicle is initially placed in 

service. The extended service multiplier is reported and earned in the year following 

each continuous year of service. Additional credit cannot be earned after model year 

2011. 

7. Generation and Use of ZEV Credits; Calculation of Penalties

7.1 Introduction. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in 

California ZEVs or PZEVs in a given model year exceeding the manufacturer’s ZEV 

requirement set forth in section C.2 shall earn ZEV credits in accordance with this 

section C.7. 

7.2 ZEV Credit Calculations. 

(a) Credits from ZEVs. The amount of g/mi ZEV credits earned by a 

manufacturer in a given model year from ZEVs shall be expressed in units of g/mi 

NMOG, and shall be equal to the number of credits from ZEVs produced and delivered 

for sale in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting the ZEV 

requirements for the model year subtracted from the number of ZEVs produced and 

delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer in the model year and then 

multiplied by the NMOG fleet average requirement for PCs and LDT1s, or LDT2s as 

applicable, for that model year. 

(b) Credits from PZEVs. The amount of g/mi ZEV credits from PZEVs earned 

by a manufacturer in a given model year shall be expressed in units of g/mi NMOG, and 

shall be equal to the total number of PZEV allowances from PZEVs produced and 

delivered for sale in California that the manufacturer applies towards meeting its ZEV 

requirement for the model year subtracted from the total number of PZEV allowances 

from PZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California by the manufacturer in the 

model year and then multiplied by the NMOG fleet average requirement for PCs and 

LDT1s, or LDT2s as applicable, for that model year. 

(c) Separate Credit Accounts. The number of credits from a manufacturer’s 

[i] ZEVs, [ii] enhanced AT PZEVs, [iii] advanced technologyAT PZEVs, and [iiiv] all 

other PZEVs, and [v] NEVs shall each be maintained separately.
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7.3 ZEV Credits for MDVs and LDTs Other Than LDT1s. ZEVs and PZEVs 

classified as MDVs or as LDTs other than LDT1s may be counted toward the ZEV 

requirement for PCs, LDT1s and LDT2s as applicable, and included in the calculation of 

ZEV credits as specified in this section C.4 if the manufacturer so designates. 

7.4 ZEV Credits for Advanced Technology Demonstration Programs. In 

model years 2009 through 2014, a vehicleZEVs and Enhanced AT PZEVs, other than 

aexcluding NEVs, which is placed in a California advanced technology demonstration 

program for a period of two or more years, may earn ZEV credits even if it is not 

“delivered for sale” or registered with the California Department of Motor Vehicles 

(DMV). To earn such credits, the manufacturer must demonstrate to the reasonable 

satisfaction of the Executive Officer that the vehicles will be regularly used in 

applications appropriate to evaluate issues related to safety, infrastructure, fuel 

specifications or public education, and that for 50 percent or more of the first two years 

of placement the vehicle will be situatedoperated in California. Such a vehicle is eligible 

to receive the same allowances and credits that it would have earned if placed in 

service. To determine vehicle credit, the model-year designation for a demonstration 

vehicle shall be consistent with the model-year designation for conventional vehicles 

placed in the same timeframe. Manufacturers may earn credit for as many as six25

vehicles per model, per ZEV state, per year under this section C.7.4. A manufacturer’s 

vehicles in excess of the six25-vehicle cap will not be eligible for advanced technology 

demonstration program credits. 

7.5 ZEV Credits for Transportation Systems. 

(a) General. In model years 2009 and subsequent, a ZEV placed, for two or 

more years, as part of a transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, which 

may used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category, 

except as provided in section C.7.5(c) below. In model years 2009 through 2011, an 

advanced technologyEnhanced AT PZEV, AT PZEV or PZEV placed as part of a 

transportation system may earn additional ZEV credits, which may be used in the same 

manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category, except as provided in 

section C.7.5(c) below. A NEV is not eligible to earn credit for transportation systems. 

To earn such credits, the manufacturer must demonstrate to the reasonable satisfaction 

of the Executive Officer that the vehicle will be used as a part of a project that uses an 

innovative transportation system as described in section C.7.5(b) below. 

(b) Credits Earned. In order to earn additional credit under this section C.7.5, 

a project must at a minimum demonstrate [i] shared use of ZEVs, Enhanced AT 

PZEVs, AT PZEVs or PZEVs, and [ii] the application of “intelligent” new technologies 

such as reservation management, card systems, depot management, location 

management, charge billing and real-time wireless information systems. If, in addition 

to factors [i] and [ii] above, a project also features linkage to transit, the project may 

receive further additional credit. For ZEVs only, not including NEVs, a project that 

features linkage to transit, such as dedicated parking and charging facilities at transit 

stations, but does not demonstrate shared use or the application of intelligent new 
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technologies, may also receive additional credit for linkage to transit. The maximum 

credit awarded per vehicle shall be determined by the Executive Officer, based upon an 

application submitted by the manufacturer and, if appropriate, the project manager. 

The maximum credit awarded shall not exceed the following: 

Type of 

Vehicle 

Model Year Shared Use, 

Intelligence 

Linkage to 

Transit 

PZEV through 2011 2 1 

AT PZEV through 2011 4 2 

Enhanced AT 

PZEV

2009 through 2011 4 2

ZEV 2009 through 2011 6 3 

Enhanced AT 

PZEV

2012 and 

subsequent

1 1

ZEV 2012 and 

subsequent 

2 1 

(c) Cap on Use of Credits. 

(1) ZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by ZEVs pursuant to this section C.7.5, 

not including all credits earned by the vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to onetenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation in any given model year, and may be used to 

satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation which must be met with 

ZEVs, as specified in section C.2.2(d)(3). 

(2) Enhanced AT PZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by Enhanced AT 

PZEVs pursuant to this section C.7.5, not including all credits earned by the vehicle 

itself, may be used to satisfy up to one-tenth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation in any 

given model year, but may only be used in the same manner as other credits earned by 

vehicles of that category.

(2)(3) AT PZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by AT PZEVs pursuant to this 

section C.7.5, not including all credits earned by the vehicle itself, may be used to 

satisfy up to one-twentieth of a manufacturer’s ZEV obligation in any given model year, 

but may only be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that 

category. 

(3)(4) PZEVs. Credits earned or allocated by PZEVs pursuant to this section 

C.7.5, not including all credits earned by the vehicle itself, may be used to satisfy up to 

one-fiftieth of the manufacturer’s ZEV obligation in any given model year, but may only 

be used in the same manner as other credits earned by vehicles of that category. 
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(d) Allocation of Credits. Credits shall be assigned by the Executive Officer to 

the project manager or, in the absence of a separate project manager, to the vehicle 

manufacturers upon demonstration that a vehicle has been placed in a project. Credits 

shall be allocated to vehicle manufacturers by the Executive Officer in accordance with 

a recommendation submitted in writing by the project manager and signed by all 

manufacturers participating in the project, and need not be allocated in direct proportion 

to the number of vehicles placed. 

7.6 Use of ZEV Credits. A manufacturer may meet the ZEV requirements in 

any given model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

g/mi ZEV credits, consistent with section C.2. Credits in each of the categories may be 

used to meet the requirement for that category as well as the requirements for lesser 

credit earning ZEV categories, but shall not be used to meet the requirement for a 

greater credit earning ZEV category. For example, credits produced from Enhanced AT 

PZEVs may be used to comply with AT PZEV requirements, but not with the portion 

that must be satisfied by ZEVs. These credits may be earned previously by the 

manufacturer or acquired from another party, except that.

(a) NEVs. Ccredits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in service in 

model years 2001 through 2005 cannot be used to satisfy more than the percentage 

limits described in the following table:50 percent of a manufacturer’s percentage ZEV 

obligation that may only be satisfied with credits from ZEVs. The manufacturer’s 

percentage ZEV obligation that may be satisfied by credits from AT PZEVs but not 

PZEVs is listed in the table below:

AT PZEV Category

2009 2010 and 

beyond

75% 50%

Model

Years ZEV Obligation that:

Percent limit for NEVs 

allowed to meet each 

Obligation:

2009 –

2011 Must be met with ZEVs 50%

2009 75%

2010 –

2011

May be met with AT PZEVs but not PZEVs

50%

2009 –

2011 May be met with PZEVs No Limit

2012 – Must be met with ZEVs 0%
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May be met with Enhanced AT PZEVs and 

AT PZEVs 50% 2014

May be met with PZEVs No Limit

Additionally, credits earned from NEVs offered for sale or placed in service in model 

years 2006 or later can be used to the percentage limits described in the following 

table:

Model 

Years ZEV Obligation that:

Percent Limit for NEVs 

allowed to meet each 

Obligation:

May be met through compliance with 

Primary Requirements No Limit

May be met through compliance with 

Alternative Requirements, and must be met 

with ZEVs

2009 - 0%

2011

May be met through compliance Alternative 

Requirements, and may be met with AT 

PZEVs or PZEVs

No Limit

Must be met with ZEVs 0%

2012 –

2014 May be met with Enhanced AT PZEVs, AT 

PZEVs, or PZEVs No Limit

This limitation applies to credits earned in model years 2001 through 2005 by the same 

manufacturer or earned in model years 2001 through 2005 by another manufacturer 

and acquired. The amount of g/mi ZEV credits required to be submitted shall be 

calculated according to the criteria set forth in this section C.7.

 (b) Carry forward provisions for Large Volume Manufacturers. ZEV credits 

generated from excess production in model years 2009 and subsequent, including 

those acquired from another party, may be carried forward and applied to the ZEV 

minimum floor requirement specified in sections C.2.2(b)(1)(B) and (d) for two 

subsequent model years. Beginning with the third subsequent model year, those 

earned ZEV credits may no longer be used to satisfy the manufacturer’s percentage 

ZEV obligation that may only be satisfied by credits from ZEVs, but may be used to 

satisfy the manufacturer’s percentage ZEV obligation that may be satisfied by credits 

from Enhanced AT PZEVs, AT PZEVs, or PZEVs. For example, ZEV credit earned in 

2010 would retain full flexibility through 2012, at which time that credit could only be 

used as Enhanced AT PZEV, AT PZEV, or PZEV credits. 

 (c) Carry forward provisions for manufacturers other than Large Volume 
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Manufacturers. ZEV credits generated from 2009 and subsequent model year 

production by manufacturers that are not LVMslarge volume manufacturers may be 

carried forward by the manufacturer producing the ZEV credit until the manufacturer 

becomes subject to the LVMlarge volume manufacturer requirements, after the 

transition period permitted in section C.2.7(a). When subject to the LVMlarge volume 

manufacturer requirements, a manufacturer must comply with the provisions of section 

C.7.6(b). 

ZEV credits traded by a manufacturer other than a LVMlarge volume manufacturer to 

any other manufacturer, including a LVMlarge volume manufacturer, are subject to 

section C.7.6(b), beginning in the model year in which they were produced (e.g., a 2009 

model year ZEV credit traded in calendar year 2010 can only be applied towards the 

portion of the manufacturer’s requirement that must be met with ZEVs through model 

year 2011; beginning in model year 2012, the credit can only be applied to the portion 

of the manufacturer’s requirement that may be met with Enhanced AT PZEVs, AT 

PZEVs, or PZEVs). 

 

7.7 Requirement to Make Up a ZEV Deficit. 

 (a) General. A manufacturer that produces and delivers for sale in California 

fewer ZEVs than required in a given model year shall make up the deficit by the end of 

the third model year by submitting to the Executive Officer a commensurate amount of 

g/mi ZEV credits. The amount of g/mi ZEV credits required to be submitted shall be 

calculated by [i] adding the number of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in 

California by the manufacturer for the model year to the number of ZEV allowances 

from partial ZEV allowance vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California by the 

manufacturer for the model year (for a large volume manufacturerLVMlarge volume 

manufacturer, not to exceed that permitted under section C.2.1), [ii] subtracting that 

total from the number of ZEVs required to be produced and delivered for sale in 

California by the manufacturer for the model year, and [iii] multiplying the resulting value 

by the fleet average requirements for PCs and LDT1s for the model year in which the 

deficit is incurred. 

7.8 Penalty for Failure to Meet ZEV Requirements. Any manufacturer that 

fails to produce and deliver for sale in California the required number of ZEVs and 

submit an appropriate amount of g/mi ZEV credits and does not make up ZEV deficits 

within the specified timeproduction-period specified time allowed by section C.7.7(a) 

shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code section 43211 civil penalty applicable to 

a manufacturer that sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable 

emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed 

to accrue when the ZEV deficits are not balanced by the end of the specified 

timeproduction-period specified time allowed by section C.7.7(a). For the purposes of 

Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state 

board’s standards shall be calculated according to the following equation, provided that 

the percentage of a large volume manufacturerLVMlarge volume manufacturer’s ZEV 
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requirement for a given model year that may be satisfied with partial PZEV allowance 

vehicles or ZEV credits from such vehicles may not exceed the percentages permitted 

under section C.2.1(a): 

(No. of ZEVs required to be produced and delivered for sale in California for the 

model year) - (No. of ZEVs produced and delivered for sale in California for the 

model year) - (No. of ZEV allowances from partial ZEV allowance vehicles 

produced and delivered for sale in California for the model year) - [(Amount of 

ZEV credits submitted for the model year) / (the fleet average requirement for 

PCs and LDT1s for the model- year)] 

8. Severability. Each provision of these standards and test procedures is 

severable, and in the event that any provision of these standards and test procedures is 

held to be invalid, the remainder of the standards and test procedures remains in full 

force and effect. 

 9. Public Disclosure. Records in the Board’s possession for the vehicles

subject to the requirements of section 1962.1C shall be subject to disclosure as public 

records as follows: 

(a) Each manufacturer’s annual production data and the corresponding 

credits per vehicle earned for ZEVs (including ZEV type), Enhanced AT PZEVs, AT 

PZEVs, and PZEVs for the 2009 and subsequent model years; and 

(b) Each manufacturer’s Aannual Ccredit balances for 2010 and subsequent 

years for: 

 

 (1) Each type of vehicle: ZEVs (minus NEVs), NEVs, Enhanced AT PZEVs, 

AT PZEVs, and PZEVs; and 

(2) Advanced technology demonstration programs; and

(3) Transportation systems; and 

(4) Credits earned under section 1962.1(d)(5)(C)C.4.4(c), including credits 

acquired from, or transferred to another party.
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D. Certification Requirements [NO CHANGE]
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E. Test Procedures [NO CHANGE]