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                                                                       EXHIBIT 3

                                    AVE, INC.
                                     BY-LAWS
                                       of
                                     NEVADA
         ---------------------------------------------------------------

                               ARTICLES -- OFFICES

     SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE. --The registered office shall be established
and maintained at 377 South Nevada Street, Carson City, Nevada 89701 in the
County of CUSTER, in the State of Nevada.

     SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. --The corporation may have other offices, either
within or without the State of Nevada, at such place or places as the Board of
Directors may from time to time appoint or the business of the corporation may
require.

                      ARTICLE II -- MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

     SECTION 1. ANNUAL MEETINGS. --Annual Meetings of stockholders for the
election of directors and for such other business as may be stated in the notice
of the meeting, shall be held at such place, either within or without the State
of Nevada and such time and date as the Board of Directors, by resolution, shall
determine and as set forth in the notice of the meeting. In the event the Board
of Directors fails to so determine the time, date and place of meeting, the
annual meeting of stockholders shall be held at the registered office of the
corporation in Nevada on November 15 of each year.

     If the date of the annual meeting shall fall upon a legal holiday, the
meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day. At each annual
meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote shall elect a Board of Directors and
may transact such other corporate business as shall be stated in the notice of
the meeting.

     SECTION 2. OTHER MEETINGS. --Meetings of stockholders for any purpose other
than the election of directors may be held at such time and place, within or
without the State of Nevada as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting.

     SECTION 3. VOTING. --Each stockholder entitled to vote in accordance with
the terms and provisions of the Certificates of Incorporation and these By-Laws
shall be entitled to one vote, in person or by proxy, for each share of stock
entitled to vote held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted after
three years from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Upon
the demand of any stockholder, the vote for directors and any question before
the meeting shall be by ballot. All elections for directors shall be decided by
plurality vote; all other questions shall be decided by majority vote except as
otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or the laws of the State
of Nevada.


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     SECTION 4. STOCKHOLDER LIST. -The officer who has charge of the stock
ledger of the corporation shall at least 10 days before each meeting of
stockholders prepare a complete alphabetically addressed list of the
stockholders entitled to vote at the ensuing election, with the number of shares
held by each. Said list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for
any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period
of at last ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city
where the meeting is to be held. Which place shall be specified in the notice of
the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be
held. The list shall be available for inspection at the meeting.

     SECTION 5. QUORUM. -Except as otherwise required by law, by the Certificate
of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, the presence, in person or by proxy, of
stockholders holding a majority of the stock of the corporation entitled to vote
shall constitute a meeting, a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled
to vote thereat, present in person or by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the
meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the
meeting, until the requisite amount of stock entitled to vote shall be present.
At any such adjourned meeting at which the requisite amount of stock entitled to
vote shall be represented, any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the meeting as originally noticed; but only those stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting as originally noticed shall be entitled to vote
at any adjournment or adjournments thereof.

     SECTION 6. SPECIAL MEETINGS. -Special meetings of the stockholders, for any
purpose, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of
Incorporation, may be called by the president and shall be called by the
president or secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the directors
or stockholders entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose of the
proposed meeting.

     SECTION 7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. -Written notice, stating the place, date and
time of the meeting, and the general nature of the business to be considered,
shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat at his address as it
appears on the records of the corporation, not less than ten nor more than fifty
days before the date of the meeting.

     SECTION 8. BUSINESS TRANSACTED.-No business other than that stated in the
notice shall be transacted at any meeting without the unanimous consent of all
the stockholders entitled to vote thereat.

     SECTION 9. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. -Except as otherwise provided by the
Certificate of Incorporation, whenever the vote of stockholders at a meeting
thereof is required or permitted to be taken in connection with any corporate
action by any provisions of the statues or the Certificates of Incorporation or
of these By-Laws, the meeting and vote of stockholders may be dispensed with, if
all the stockholders who would have been entitled to vote upon the action if
such meeting were held, shall consent in writing to such corporate action being
taken.

                            ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS

     SECTION 1. NUMBER AND TERM. -- The number of directors shall be not less
than 2. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and
each director shall be elected to serve until his successor shall be elected and
shall qualify. The number of directors may not be less



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than three except that where all the shares of the corporation are owned
beneficially and of record by either one or two stockholders, the number of
directors may be less than three but not less than the number of stockholders.

     SECTION 2. RESIGNATIONS. -- Any director, member of a committee or other
officer may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing, and
shall take effect at the time specified therein, and if no time be specified, at
the time of its receipt by the President or Secretary. The acceptance of a
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

     SECTION 3. VACANCIES. -- If the office of any director, member of a
committee or other officer becomes vacant, the remaining directors in office,
though less than a quorum by a majority vote, may appoint any qualified person
to fill such vacancy, who shall hold office for the unexpired term and until his
successor shall be duly chosen.

     SECTION 4. REMOVAL. -- Any director or directors may be removed either for
or without cause at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of a
majority of all the shares of stock outstanding and entitled to vote, at a
special meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose and the vacancies
thus created may be filled, at the meeting held for the purpose of removal, by
the affirmative vote of a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to
vote.

     SECTION 5. INCREASE OF NUMBER. -- The number of directors may be increased
by amendment of these By-Laws by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
directors, though less than a quorum, or, by the affirmative vote of a majority
in interest of the stockholders, at the annual meeting or at a special meeting
called for that purpose, and by like vote the additional directors may be chosen
at such meeting to hold office until the next annual election and until their
successors are elected and qualify.

     SECTION 6. COMPENSATION. -- Directors shall not receive any stated salary
for their services as directors or as members of committees, but by resolution
of the board a fixed fee and expenses of attendance may be allowed for
attendance at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to
preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an
officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.

     SECTION 7. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. -- Any action required or permitted to
be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof,
may be taken without a meeting, if prior of such action a written consent
thereto is signed by all members of the board, or of such committee as the case
may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the
board or committee.

                             ARTICLE IV -- OFFICERS


     SECTION 1. OFFICERS. -The officers of the corporation shall consist of a
President, a Treasurer, and a Secretary, and shall be elected by the Board of
Directors and shall hold office until their successors are elected and
qualified. In addition, the Board of Directors may elect a Chairman, one or more
Vice-Presidents and such Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers as it
may deem proper. None of the officers of the corporation need be directors. The
officers shall be elected at the first meeting of the




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Board of Directors after each annual meeting. More than two offices may be held
by the same person.

     SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICERS AND AGENTS. -The Board of Directors may appoint
such officers and agents as it may deem advisable, who shall hold their offices
for such terms and shall exercise such power and perform such duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 3. CHAIRMAN. -The Chairman of the Board of Directors if one be
elected, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and he shall
have and perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him
by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 4. PRESIDENT. -The President shall be the chief executive officer
of the corporation and shall have the general powers and duties of supervision
and management usually vested in the office of President of a corporation. He
shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders if present thereat, and in the
absence or non-election of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, at all
meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall have general supervision,
direction and control of the business of the corporation Except as the Board of
Directors shall authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, he shall
execute bonds, mortgages, and other contracts in behalf of the corporation, and
shall cause the seal to be affixed to any instrument requiring it and when so
affixed the seal shall be attested by the signature of the Secretary or the
Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer.

     SECTION 5. VICE-PRESIDENT. -Each Vice-President shall have such powers and
shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him by the directors.

     SECTION 6. TREASURER. -The Treasurer shall have the custody of the
corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation. He shall
deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the
corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors.

     The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered
by the Board of Directors, or the President, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements. He shall render to the President and Board of Directors at the
regular meetings of the Board of Directors, or whenever they may request it, an
account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of
the corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, he shall give the
corporation a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such amounts and
with such surety as the board shall prescribe.

     SECTION 7. SECRETARY. -The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given,
notice of all meetings of stockholders and directors, and all other notices
required by law or by these By-Laws, and in case of his absence or refusal or
neglect to do so, any such notice may be given by any person thereunto directed
by the President, or by the directors, or stockholders, upon whose requisition
the meeting is called as provided in these By-Laws. He shall record all the
proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose, and shall affix the same to all instruments requiring it,
when authorized by the directors or the President, and attest the same.


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     SECTION 8. ASSISTANT TREASURERS & ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Assistant
Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, if any, shall be elected and shall have
such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them,
respectively, by the directors.

                                    ARTICLE V

     SECTION 1. CERTIFICATES OF STOCK.-Every holder of stock in the corporation
shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the
corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the
president or a vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or
the secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him
in the corporation. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than
one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the designations,
preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of
each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations, or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as
otherwise provided in section . of the General Corporation Law of Nev., in lieu
of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the
certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series
of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each
stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights. Where a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent
other than the corporation or its employee, or (2) by a registrar other than the
corporation or its employee, the signatures of such officers may be facsimiles.

     SECTION 2. LOST CERTIFICATES.-New certificates of stock may be issued in
the place of any certificate therefore issued by the corporation, alleged to
have been lost or destroyed, and the directors may, in their discretion, require
the owner of the lost or destroyed certificate or his legal representatives, to
give the corporation a bond, in such sum as they may direct, not exceeding
double the value of the stock, to indemnify the corporation against it on
account of the alleged loss of any such new certificate.

     SECTION 3. TRANSFER OF SHARES.-The shares of stock of the corporation shall
be transferable only upon its books by the holders thereof in person or by their
duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, and upon such transfer the
old certificates


                            Corporate Acknowledgment

State of California

County of Los Angeles

     On this 4th day of May, 1990, before me TODD J. HENN the undersigned
officer personally appeared Victor Alexander and Liv Marie Alexander, known


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personally to me to be the President and Secretary, respectively, of the above
named corporation, and that they, as such officers being authorized so to do,
executed the foregoing instrument for the purposes therein contained, by signing
the name of the corporation by themselves as such officers.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and official seal.


                                         /s/ TODD J. HENN
                                         --------------------------------------
                                         Notary Public

                                         My Commission expires: 10-19-1990
                                                               -----------

                                                     [NOTARY SEAL APPEARS HERE]

                                         [SECRETARY OF STATE SEAL APPEARS HERE]