**Subpart PP —**  **Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide**
(a) The carbon dioxide ( CO § 98.420 Definition of the source category.

2
(1) Facilities with production process units that capture a CO ) supplier source category consists of the following:

2 stream for purposes of supplying CO 2 for commercial applications or that capture and maintain custody of a CO 2 stream in order to sequester or otherwise inject it underground. Capture refers t o the initial separation and removal of CO 2

(2) Facilities with CO from a manufacturing process or any other process.

2 production wells that extract or produce a CO 2 stream for purposes of supplying CO 2 for commercial applications or that extract and maint ain custody of a CO 2
(3) Importers or exporters of bulk CO stream in order to sequester or otherwise inject it underground.

2 (b) This source category is focused on upstream supply. It does not cover: .

(1) Storage of CO 2 (2) Use of CO above ground or in geologic formatio ns.

2 (3) Transportation or distribution of CO in enhanced oil and gas recovery.

2 (4) Purification, compression, or processing of CO .
2 (5) On

- site use of CO .
2 (c) This source category does not include CO captured on site.

2 imported or exported in equipment, such as fire extinguishers.Page 2 of 18

Any supplier of CO § 98.421 Reporting threshold.

2 who meets the requirements of §98.2(a)(4) of subpart A of this part must report the mass of CO 2 captured, extracted, imported, or exported.

(a) Mass of CO § 98.422 GHGs to report .
2 (b) Mass of CO captured from production process units.

2 extracted from CO 2 (c) Mass of CO production wells.

2 (d) Mass of CO imported.

2 exported. § 98.423 Calculating CO 2 (a) Except as allowed in paragraph (b) of this section, calculate the annual mass of CO supply.

2 captured, extracted, imported, or exported through each flow meter in accordance with the procedures specified in either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section. If multiple flow meters are used, you shall calculate the annual mass of CO 2
(1) For each mass flow meter, you shall calculate quarterly the mass of CO for all flow meters according to the procedures specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.

2 in a CO 2 stream in metric tons by multiplying the mass flow by the composition data, according to Equation PP

– 1 of this section. Mass flow and composition data measurements shall be made in accordance with §98.424 of this subpart.Page 3 of 18
Where:
CO 2 , u = Annual mass of C O 2
C CO (metric tons) through flow meter u.
2 , p,u = Quarterly CO 2 concentration measurement in flow for flow meter u in quarter p (wt. % CO 2 Q ) .

p,u
p = Quarter of the year. = Quarterly mass flow rate measurement for flow meter u in quarter p (metric tons).

u = Flow meter. (2) For each volumetric flow meter, you shall calculate quarterly the mass of CO 2 in a CO 2 stream in metric tons by multiplying the volumetric flow by the concentration and density data, according to Equation PP

– 2 of this section. Volumetric flow, concentration and density data measurements shall be made in accordance with §98.424 of this section.

Where:
CO 2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2
C CO (metric tons) through flow meter u.
2 , p = Quarterly CO 2 concentration measurement in flow for flow meter u i n quarter p (measured as either volume % CO 2 or weight % CO 2 Q ) .

p
D = Quarterly volumetric flow rate measurement for flow meter u in quarter p (standard cubic meters).

p = Density of CO 2 in quarter p (metric tons CO 2 per standard cubic meter) for flow meter u if C CO 2 , p is measured as volume % CO 2 , or density of the whole CO 2 stream for flow meter u (metric tons per standard cubic meter) if C CO 2 , p is measured as weight % CO 2 .Page 4 of 18
p = Quarter of the year.
u = Flow meter. (3) To aggregate data, use either Equation PP
– 3a or PP

– 3b in this paragraph, as appropriate. (i) For facilities with production process units or production wells that capture or extract a CO 2 stream and either measure it after segregation or do not segregate the flow, calculate the total CO 2 suppli ed in accordance with Equation PP

– 3a.

Where:
CO 2 = Total annual mass of CO 2 CO (metric tons).
2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2

u = Flow meter. (metric tons) through flow meter u. (ii) For facilities with production process units that capture a CO 2 stream and measure it ahead of segregation, calculate the total CO 2 supplied in accordance with Equation PP

– 3b.

Where:
CO 2 = Total annual mass of CO 2 CO (metric tons).
2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2
CO (metric tons) through main flow meter u.
2 , v = Annual mass of CO 2 (metric tons) through subsequent flow meter v for use on site.Page 5 of 18

u = Main flow meter.
v = Subsequent flow meter. (b) As an alternative to paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section for CO 2 that is supplied in containers, calculate the a nnual mass of CO 2 supplied in containers delivered by each CO 2 stream in accordance with the procedures specified in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section. If multiple CO 2 streams are used to deliver CO 2 to containers, you shall calculate the a nnual mass of CO 2 supplied in containers delivered by all CO 2

(1) For each CO streams according to the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

2 stream that delivers CO 2 to containers, for which mass is measured, you shall calculate CO 2

Where: supply in containers using Equation PP

– 1 of this section.

CO 2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2 (metric tons) supplied in containers delivered by CO 2 C CO stream u.
2 , p,u = Quarterly CO 2 concentration measurement of CO 2 stream u that delivers CO 2 to containers i n quarter p (wt. % CO 2 Q ) .

p,u = Quarterly mass of contents supplied in all containers delivered by CO 2
p = Quarter of the year. stream u in quarter p (metric tons).

u = CO 2 stream that delivers to containers.Page 6 of 18 (2) For each CO 2 stream that delivers to contain ers, for which volume is measured, you shall calculate CO 2

Where: supply in containers using Equation PP

– 2 of this section.

CO 2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2 (metric tons) supplied in containers delivered by CO 2 C CO stream u.
2 , p = Quarterly CO 2 concentration measurement of CO 2 stream u that delivers CO 2 to containers in quarter p (measured as either volume % CO 2 or weight % CO 2 Q ) .

p = Quarterly volume of contents supplied in all containers delivered by CO 2
D stream u in quarter p (standard cubic me ters).

p = Quarterly CO 2 density determination for CO 2 stream u in quarter p (metric tons per standard cubic meter) if CO 2 , p is measured as volume % CO 2 , or density of CO 2 stream u (metric tons per standard cubic meter) if CO 2 , p is measured as weight % CO 2 p = Quarter of the year. .

u = CO 2 (3) To aggregate data, sum the mass of CO stream that delivers to containers.
2 supplied in containers delivered by all CO 2

Where: streams in accordance with Equation PP

– 3a of this section.

CO 2 = Annual mass of CO 2 (metric tons) supplied in containers delivered by all CO 2 CO streams.
2 , u = Annual mass of CO 2 (metric tons) supplied in containers delivered by CO 2 u = CO stream u.
2 (c) Importers or exporters that import or export CO stream that delivers to containers.
2 i n containers shall calculate the total mass of CO 2 imported orPage 7 of 18 exported in metric tons based on summing the mass in each CO 2 container using weigh bills, scales, or load cells according to Equation PP

– 4 of this section.

Where:
CO 2 = Annual mass of CO 2 Q = Annual mass in all CO (metric tons).
2 containers imported or exported during the reporting year (metric tons).
(a) Determination of quantity. § 98.424 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

(1) Reporters following the procedures in §98.423(a) shall determi ne quantity using a flow meter or meters located in accordance with this paragraph. (i) If the CO 2

(A) For reporters following the procedures in §98.423(a)(3)(i), you must locate the flow meter(s) after the point of segregation. stream is segregated such that only a portion is captured for commercial application or for injection, you must locate the flow meter according to the following:

(B) For reporters following the procedures in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of §98.423, you must locate the main flow meter(s) on the captured CO 2 stream(s) prior to the point of segregation and the subsequent flow meter(s) on the CO 2 stream(s) for on - site use after the point of segregation. You may only follow thePage 8 of 18 procedures in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of §98.423 if the CO 2 stream(s) for on

- site use is/are the only diversion(s) from the main, captured CO 2
(ii) Reporters that have a mass flow meter or volumetric flow meter installed to measure the flow of a CO stream(s) after the main flow meter location(s).

2

(iii) Reporters that do not have a mass flow meter or volumetric flow meter installed to measure the flow of the CO stream that meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section shall base calculations in §98.423 of this subpart on the installed mass flow or volumetric flow meters.

2

(2) Reporters following the procedures in paragraph (b) of §98.423 shall determine quantity in accordanc e with this paragraph. stream that meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section shall base calculations in §98.42 3 of this subpart on the flow of gas transferred off site using a mass flow meter or a volumetric flow meter located at the point of off

- site transfer.

(i) Reporters that supply CO 2 in containers using weigh bills, scales, or load cells shall measure the mass of contents of each CO 2 container to which the CO 2 stream is delivered, sum the mass of contents supplied in all containers t o which the CO 2 stream is delivered during each quarter, sample the CO 2 streamPage 9 of 18 delivering CO 2 to containers on a quarterly basis to determine the composition of the CO 2 (ii) Reporters that supply CO stream, and apply Equation PP

– 1.

2 in containers using loa ded container volumes shall measure the volume of contents of each CO 2 container to which the CO 2 stream is delivered, sum the volume of contents supplied in all containers to which the CO 2 stream is delivered during each quarter, sample the CO 2 stream on a quarterly basis to determine the composition of the CO 2
(3) Importers or exporters that import or export CO stream, determine the density quarterly, and apply Equation PP

– 2.

2 in containers shall measure the mass in each CO 2

(4) All flow meters, scales, and load cells used to measure quantities that are reported in §98.423 of this subpart shall be operated and calibrated acc ording to the following procedure: container using weigh bills, s cales, or load cells and sum the mass in all containers imported or exported during the reporting year.

(i) You shall use an appropriate standard method published by a consensus

- based standards organization if such a method exists. Consensus

- based standards organizations include, but are not limited to, the following: ASTM International, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the American Gas Association (AGA), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Petroleum Institute (API), and the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB).Page 10 of 18 (ii) Wh ere no appropriate standard method developed by a
consensus - based standards organization exists, you shall follow industry standard practices. (iii) You must ensure that any flow meter calibrations performed are NIST traceable. (5) Reporters using Equation PP
– 2 of this subpart and measuring CO 2 concentration as weight % CO 2 shall determine the density of the CO 2 stream on a quarterly basis in order to calculate the mass of the CO 2
(i) You may use a method published by a consensus

- based standards organization. Consensus

- based standards organizations include, but are not limited to, the following: ASTM International (100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box CB700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvan ia 19428

– B2959, (800) 262

– 1373, stream according to one of the following procedures:

http://www.astm.org ), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, 1819 L Street, NW., 6th floor, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 293

– 8020, http://www.ansi.org ), the American Gas Association (AGA, 400 North Capitol Street, NW., 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, (202) 824

– 7000, http://www.aga.org ), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016

– 5990, (800) 843

– 2763, http://www.asme.org ), the American Petroleum Institute (API, 1220 L Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005

– 4070, (202) 682

– 8000,Page 11 of 18 http://www.api.org ), and the North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB, 801 Travis Street, Suite 1675, Houston, TX 77002, (713) 356

– 0060, http://www.api.org

(ii) You may follow an industry standard method. ). The method(s) used shall be docume nted in the Monitoring Plan required under §98.3(g)(5).

(b) Determination of concentration
. (1) Reporters using Equation PP

– 1 or PP

– 2 of this subpart shall sample the CO 2 stream on a quarterly basis to deter mine the composition of the CO 2
(2) Methods to measure the composition of the CO stream.

2 stream must conform to applicable chemical analytical standards. Acceptable methods include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration food

- grade specifications for CO 2 ( see 21 CFR 184.1240) and ASTM standard E1747

– 95 (Reapproved 2005) Standard Guide for Purity of Carbon Dioxide Used in Supercritical Fluid Applications (ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box CB700, West Conshohocken, Pe nnsylvania 19428

– B2959, (800) 262

– 1373, http://www.astm.org (c) You shall convert the density of the CO ).

2 stream(s) and all measured volumes of carbon dioxide to the following standard industry temperature and pressure conditions: Standard cubic meters a t a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and at an absolute pressure of 1 atmosphere. If you apply the densityPage 12 of 18
value for CO 2 at standard conditions, you must use 0.001868 metric tons per standard cubic meter.

(a) Whenever the quality assurance procedures in §98.424(a)(1) of this subpart cannot be followed to measure quarterly mass flow or volumetric flow of CO § 98.425 Procedures for estimating missing data
.

2

(1) A quarterly C O , the most appropriate of the following missing data procedures shall be followed:

2

(2) A quarterly CO mass flow or volumetric flow value that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during another quarter of the current reporting year.

2

(3) If a mass or volumetric flow meter is installed to measure the CO mass flow or volumetric flow value that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during the same quarter from the past reporting year.

2 stream, you may substitute data from a mass or volumetric flow meter measuring the CO 2
(4) The mass or volumetric flow used for purposes of product tracking and billing according to the reporter's established procedures may be substituted for any period during which measurement e quipment is inoperable. stream transferred for any period during which the installed meter is inoperable.

(b) Whenever the quality assurance procedures in §98.424(b) of this subpart cannot be followed to determine concentration ofPage 13 of 18
the CO 2
(1) A quar terly concentration value that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during another quarter of the current reporting year. stream, the most appropriate of the following missing data procudures shall be followed:

(2) A quarterly concentration value that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during the same quarter from the previous reporting year. (3) The concentration used for purposes of product tracking and billing according to the reporter's established procedures may be substituted for any quarterly value. (c) Missing data on density of the CO 2

(d) Whenever the quality assurance procedures in §98.424(a)(2) of this subpart cannot be followed to measure quarterly quantity of CO stream shall be substituted with quarterly or annual average values from the previous calendar year.

2
(1) A quarterly quantity of CO in containers, the most appropriate of the following missing data procedures shall be followed:

2 in containers that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during another representative quarter of the current reporting year.Page 14 of 18 (2) A quarterly quantity of CO 2

(3) The quarterly quantity of CO in containers that is missing may be substituted with a quarterly value measured during the same quarter from the past rep orting year.

2 in containers recorded for purposes of product tracking and billing according to the reporter's established procedures may be substituted for any period during which measurement equipment is inoperable.

In addition to the information required by §98.3(c) of subpart A of this part, the annual report shall contain the following information, as applicable: § 98.4 26 Data reporting requirements.

(a) If you use Equation PP

– 1 of this subpart, report the following info rmation for each mass flow meter or CO 2 stream that delivers CO 2 (1) Annual mass in metric tons of CO to containers:

2 (2) Quarterly mass in metric tons of CO .
2 (3) Quarterly concentration of the CO .
2 (4) The standard used to measure CO stream.

2 (5) The location of the flow meter in your process chain in relation to the points of CO concentrati on.

2
(b) If you use Equation PP

– 2 of this subpart, report the following information for each volumetric flow meter or CO stream capture, dehydration, compression, and other processing.

2 stream that delivers CO 2 to containers:Page 15 of 18 (1) Annual mass in metric tons of CO 2 (2) Quarterly volume in standard cubic meters of CO .
2 (3) Quarterly concentration of the CO .
2
(4) Report density as follows : stream in volume or weight percent.

(i) Quarterly density of the CO 2 stream in metric tons per standard cubic meter if you report the concentration of the CO 2
(ii) Quarterly density of the CO stream in paragraph (b)(3) of this section in weight percent.

2 stream in metric tons per standard cubic meter if you report the concentration of the CO 2
(5) The method used to measure density. stream in paragraph (b)(3) of this section in volume percent.

(6) The standard used to measure CO 2 (7) The location of the flow meter in your process chain in relation to the points of CO concentration.

2
(c) For the aggregated annual mass of CO stream capture, dehydration, compression, and other processing.

2

(1) I f you use Equation PP

– 3a of this subpart, report the annual CO emissions calculated using Equation PP

– 3a or PP

– 3b, report the following:

2 mass in metric tons from all flow meters and CO 2 streams that deliver CO 2 (2) If you use Equation PP

– 3b of this subpart, report: to containers.

(i) The total annual CO 2 mass through main flow meter(s) in metric tons.Page 16 of 18 (ii) The total annual CO 2

(iii) The total annual CO mass through subsequent flow meter(s) in metric tons.

2 (iv) The location of each flow meter in relation to the point of segregation. mass supplied in metric tons.

(d) If you use Equation PP

– 4 of this subpart, report at the corporate level the annual mass of CO 2 in metric tons in all CO 2
(e) Each reporter shall report the following information: containers that are imported or exported.

(1) The type of equipment used to measure the total flow of the CO 2 stream or the total mass or volume in CO 2 (2) The standard used to operate and calibrate the equipment reported in (e)(1) of this section. containers.

(3) The number of days in the reporting year for which substitute da ta procedures were used for the following purpose: (i) To measure quantity. (ii) To measure concentration. (iii) To measure density. (f) Report the aggregated annual quantity of CO 2

(1) Food and beverage. in metric tons that is transferred to each of the following end use applic ations, if known:

(2) Industrial and municipal water/wastewater treatment. (3) Metal fabrication, including welding and cutting.Page 17 of 18 (4) Greenhouse uses for plant growth. (5) Fumigants (e.g., grain storage) and herbicides. (6) Pulp and p aper. (7) Cleaning and solvent use. (8) Fire fighting. (9) Transportation and storage of explosives. (10) Enhanced Injection of CO 2

(11) Long
- term storage ( Geologic sequestration ). of carbon dioxide that is covered by s ubpart RR of this part
. for e nhanced oil and natural gas recovery that is covered by s ubpart UU of this part
.

(12) Research and development. (13) Other. (g) Each production process unit that captures a CO 2 stream for purposes of supplying CO 2 for commercial applications or in order to se quester or otherwise inject it underground when custody of the CO 2 is maintained shall report the percentage of that stream, if any, that is biomass

- based during the reporting year.
In addition to the records require d by §98.3(g) of subpart A of this part, you must retain the records specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, as applicable. § 98.427 Records that must be retained.Page 18 of 18 (a) The owner or operator of a facility containing production process units must retain quarterly records of captur ed or transferred CO 2 (b) The owner or operator of a CO streams and composition.

2 production well facility must maintain quarterly records of the mass flow or volumetric flow of the extracted or transferred CO 2
(c) Importers or exporters of CO stream and concentration and density if volum etric flow meters are used.

2 must retain annual records of the mass flow, volumetric flow, and mass of CO 2 imported or exported.

All terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and subpart A of this part. § 98.428 Definitions.