IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21-1830

Filed February 8, 2023

IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF JUSTIN PAUL SULZNER

AND TERRI LEIGH SULZNER

Upon the Petition of

JUSTIN PAUL SULZNER,

Petitioner-Appellant,

And Concerning

TERRI LEIGH SULZNER,

Respondent-Appellee.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Fayette County, Laura Parrish, 

Judge.

A former husband appeals the denial of his motion to hold the former wife 

in contempt. AFFIRMED. 

Justin P. Sulzner, Cedar Rapids, self-represented appellant.

Benjamin M. Lange of Swisher & Cohrt, P.L.C., Independence, for appellee.

Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Schumacher and Chicchelly, JJ.
2

TABOR, Presiding Judge.

Justin Sulzer appeals the district court’s denial of his application to hold his 

former spouse, Terri, in contempt for violating their dissolution decree. We find no 

abuse of discretion in the court’s decision and affirm. 

Justin and Terri ended their twenty-nine year marriage in January 2020. 

They filed a stipulation, and the court issued a decree adopting all its provisions. 

Several days after the court filed the decree, it added an amendment specifying

that Justin could go to the marital home, then occupied by Terri, on a single 

occasion to clean his possessions out of the basement. 

Justin applied for contempt that February, which the district court denied. 

Our court affirmed. See In re Marriage of Sulzner, No. 20-0218, 2021 WL 210761, 

at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 21, 2021). 

In May 2021,1 Justin filed a new application for rule to show cause to hold 

Terri in contempt for various alleged violations of the decree. The court held a 

hearing and issued a ruling denying the application. Justin appeals.

2

 

We review a contempt action for an abuse of discretion. Ary v. Iowa Dist. 

Ct., 735 N.W.2d 621, 624 (Iowa 2007). Justin has the burden to prove—beyond a 

reasonable doubt—that Terri willfully failed to perform a duty of the decree. See 

Christensen v. Iowa Dist. Ct., 578 N.W.2d 675, 678 (Iowa 1998) (“The party 

requesting the contempt finding has the burden of proving that the contemner (1) 

1 The district court noted that Justin filed six motions alleging Terri’s failures to 

comply with the dissolution decree. It determined the motions were better dealt 

with as a contempt action. Justin refiled his motions as an application for contempt. 

2 During this appeal, Justin has filed several motions. The supreme court and our 

court have denied each of them. 
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had a duty to obey a court order, and (2) willfully failed to perform that duty.”). 

Willful disobedience means “conduct that is intentional and deliberate with a bad 

or evil purpose, or wanton and in disregard of the rights of others, or contrary to a 

known duty, or unauthorized, coupled with an unconcern whether the contemner 

had the right or not.” Id. (citation omitted). Because of its discretionary nature, 

the trial court need not hold a party in contempt even if it could find a factual basis 

for contempt. See In re Marriage of Swan, 526 N.W.2d 320, 327 (Iowa 1995). The 

court “may consider all the circumstances . . . in deciding whether to impose 

punishment for contempt.” Id. We will reverse only if the court “grossly abused” 

its discretion. Id. (citation omitted). 

Justin contends Terri willfully violated several provisions of the decree. 

Taxes. The decree provided that because the parties “anticipate their 

divorce shall conclude prior to December 31, 2019, . . . each shall file 2019 income 

tax returns claiming single status.” Each party was awarded its own tax refund. 

The decree further provided, “In the event the parties remain married after 

December 31, 2019 . . . [f]or 2019 income tax year, the parties shall file returns 

showing them as [m]arried, filing jointly.” If filed jointly, the parties were each 

awarded an equal share of any refund. Justin first contends that Terri failed to file 

jointly in violation of the decree. The district court found Terri filed her 2019 tax 

return in “married filing separately” status. Still, it didn’t hold her in contempt 

because she “undertook her best efforts to comply with the requirement,” and

Justin’s “unwillingness to settle on a final return was the cause of [her] ultimately 

filing separately.” Thus, it found she did not “knowingly and willfully violate the 

decree.” 
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Terri testified that she tried to file the couple’s taxes through their usual tax 

preparer, Lans Flickinger. Justin was unhappy with the paperwork and sought a 

new preparer. In April 2020, Flickinger sent a letter to Terri’s attorney stating that

Justin rejected three drafts of the tax return and requested changes Flickinger did 

not think were legitimate. Flickinger notified Justin he could not complete the tax 

return on his behalf. Justin then left a threatening message on Flickinger’s 

answering machine. Flickinger called the police department. And he withdrew 

from preparing either party’s tax return. Terri found a new tax preparer and filed 

her taxes as married filing separately. We agree with the court’s conclusion that 

Terri made best efforts to comply with the decree and that Justin’s intransigence 

forced her to seek a new preparer and file separately. The circumstances do not 

show she acted with a bad or evil purpose. We find no gross abuse of discretion 

in the court’s decision not to hold Terri in contempt on this ground. 

Precious Metals. The decree awarded all the parties’ silver and gold coins 

and bullion to Justin. Justin contends Terri violated the decree by delivering those 

precious metals to his former attorney. The metals are valued at $46,940. Justin 

seeks a writ of mandamus for Terri to pay him that amount. 

Any confusion stems from Justin’s change of attorney one week after the 

decree issued. Justin was originally represented by attorney David Hanson, who 

withdrew on January 15, 2020, at Justin’s request. Two days later, Terri’s attorney 

emailed Justin’s new counsel, Laura Moon, offering to transfer the metals to 

Hanson’s office. Moon responded that it was “reasonable to send everything to 

[Hanson] given the circumstances.” She said, “I have no objections.” Terri testified 
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she took all the metals to Hanson’s office that same day. The district court credited 

that testimony.

But on appeal, Justin argues that Terri should “pick up her questionable

metal assets sitting in Mr. Hanson’s office” and deliver him a check for the value 

of the metal, minus the appreciation value. 

We defer to the district court’s credibility finding that Terri delivered the 

metals to Hanson’s office as instructed by Moon. It is unclear what Justin finds

“questionable,” but he seems to agree that the assets are there to pick up. We 

cannot, as Justin seems to request, rewrite the decree in a contempt proceeding. 

Terri did what the decree requested of her, as instructed by Justin’s 

representatives. Because Terri did not willfully fail to turn the metals over to Justin, 

we find no abuse of discretion. 

Bank Accounts. The decree awarded Justin the funds from his personal 

checking account and half of the couple’s shared account, about $121. In total, 

those amounts were $469. Justin contends Terri has not produced a check 

showing the $121 was paid to him. But the record shows Justin wrote a check for 

$236.70 from the shared account to his own Wells Fargo account, with a memo of 

“transfer.” Justin contends that exhibit was “altered” but does not specify how. He 

also produced a note showing the check was “returned unpaid.” So what we have 

is evidence showing that Justin sought to transfer over half of the money from the 

shared account. Against no evidence showing that Terri denied the funds to Justin. 

On this limited record, we cannot find the court grossly abused its discretion in 

refusing to hold Terri in contempt.
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Personal Items. The decree also awarded Justin all the tools and 

miscellaneous personal property belonging to him from the basement of the marital 

home. And it granted a reasonable time for him to retrieve that property from the 

basement. Justin contends certain items were moved from the basement to the 

garage, and asks that Terri be ordered to pay over $5000 for those uncollected 

assets. To the contrary, Terri testified Justin had ample opportunity to collect his 

personal items. Looking at Justin’s list, she testified he picked up some items,

some were business assets awarded to her, and some she did not know they 

owned. She also testified some property “disappeared” on December 1, 2019, 

when Justin “broke into the marital home” when Terri was away. Terri further 

testified she never sought to prevent Justin from removing his personal property. 

When Justin did come to the house, she let him “take any of the items that he 

wanted to take” and “nothing was refused” if he asked to take it. On this record, 

we see no willful refusal to follow the terms of the decree. Thus, we find no gross 

abuse of discretion. 

Marital Home. Finally, the decree ordered sale of the marital home but 

allowed Terri “to occupy that real estate for six months” after entry of the decree, 

“or up to the date of closing occurring during 2020, whichever is later.” But the 

property did not sell during 2020. So, according to Justin, Terri occupied that 

property longer than the decree allowed. He now asks that any further occupation 

of the marital home before its sale be rotated between them every thirty months. 

We decline that remedy. As the district court held, there was “no indication, 

certainly not evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, that [Terri] has interfered with 

or is otherwise at fault for the failure of the real estate to sell as quickly as the 
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parties anticipated.” Indeed, the parties listed the home through Justin’s preferred 

agent. The home did not sell in 2020, and was relisted in May 2021 with more 

interest from potential buyers. Nothing in the record points to a willful failure by 

Terri to sell the house. We find no abuse of discretion in the court’s conclusion. 

Bottom line, Justin cannot show a gross abuse of discretion in any of the

court’s findings. Denial of his application for contempt was proper.

AFFIRMED.