J-A33025-14

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: S.J.H.-J., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: C.H., MATERNAL AUNT

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1950 EDA 2014

Appeal from the Order Entered June 13, 2014

in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,

Family Court, at No(s): CP-17-AP-0000294-2011

IN THE INTEREST OF: A.O.H.-J., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: C.H., MATERNAL AUNT

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1954 EDA 2014

Appeal from the Order Entered June 13, 2014

in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,

Family Court, at No(s): CP-17-AP-0000237-2010

BEFORE: LAZARUS, WECHT, and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY STRASSBURGER, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 13, 2015

In these consolidated appeals, C.H., the maternal aunt of S.J.H.-J. 

(born in October 2009) and A.O.H.-J. (born in October 2010) (Children, 

collectively), appeals from the order of June 13, 2014, which denied her 

petition to adopt Children. We affirm. 

The trial court summarized the history of this case as follows.

On June 11, 2014, a hearing was held on competing 

petitions for adoption. The parental rights of both natural 

parents have been previously terminated. [Children] have been 

in the legal care and custody of the Department of Human 
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Services (“D.H.S.”). [C.H. was the kinship foster parent of 

Children from April 2011 to April 2012. Thereafter, D.H.S.] 

placed the children in the physical care and custody of E.J. and 

T.H.-J. (collectively, [Pre-adoptive Parents]). [Pre-adoptive 

Parents] filed [petitions] for adoption. [C.H.] also filed petitions 

for adoption of the same two children. Accordingly, the [trial] 

court conducted a trial on competing petitions for adoption. On 

June 13, 2014, the trial court, after a thorough review of the 

evidence and law, issued its [o]rder granting the petitions for 

adoption filed by [Pre-adoptive Parents] and denying the 

adoption petitions filed by [] C.H. 

Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 8/7/2014, at 1. Thereafter, C.H. timely filed a 

notice of appeal and statement of errors complained of on appeal, and the 

trial court filed its opinion. 

C.H. states for this Court’s consideration three prolix questions which 

boil down to the following two claims: (1) the trial court erred in failing to 

conclude that it was in Children’s best interests to be with C.H. because it 

placed too much emphasis on the superior education and financial resources 

of Pre-adoptive Parents, and (2) the trial court erred in not allowing the 

testimony of three of C.H.’s witnesses. C.H.’s Brief at 4-5. 

C.H.’s first issue challenges the trial court’s determination that it is in 

the best interest of Children to be adopted by Pre-adoptive Parents.

[O]nce the parental rights have been terminated, anyone 

may become an adoptive parent, and the best interest of the 

child is the controlling factor by which a court must be guided. 

Furthermore, a trial court must base its conclusions in an 

adoption case upon all relevant information discerned with the 

full participation of all interested parties.
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In re Adoption of D.M.H., 682 A.2d 315, 319 (Pa. Super. 1996) (citations 

omitted). This Court must defer to the trial court on issues of credibility and 

weight of the evidence; however, “our review is not bound by the trial 

court’s deductions, inferences and interpretations of evidence,” and we may 

modify an order “where it is shown by evidence of record to be manifestly 

unreasonable.” Id. at 318 (quoting In Interest of G.C., 673 A.2d 932, 943 

(Pa. Super. 1996) (en banc)). 

The trial court made the following findings of fact based upon the 

evidence offered at trial. Pre-adoptive Parents are a married couple who 

have had continuous custody of Children since 2012. TCO, 8/7/2014, at 3. 

D.H.S. consented to Children’s adoption by Pre-adoptive Parents, with whom 

Children have a strong bond. Id. at 4. C.H. has not had significant contact 

with Children since 2012, and at the time of trial, Children lacked a bond 

with C.H. Id. at 3-4. From these facts, the trial court concluded that it was 

in the best interests of Children to be adopted by Pre-adoptive Parents. 

C.H. argues that this conclusion was an error or abuse of discretion, 

largely because she had bonded with Children when she had custody of 

Children from April 2011 “until they were summarily removed from her 

home” in April 2012 “based on an erroneous psychological evaluation[.]” 

C.H.’s Brief at 37-38. C.H. argues that her adoption petitions should have 

been granted because “the greater extended family clearly supported C.H.” 

and “C.H.’s church and her pastor supported” her. Id. at 39-40. Although 
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Children had been in the custody of Pre-adoptive Parents for more than two 

years, and they had not seen C.H. in months, C.H. argues that “that was not 

the fault of C.H.” Id. at 44. Further, C.H. maintains that the trial court 

erred in considering the fact that Pre-adoptive Parents had “a nice middle 

class status where both have a job and lived as a married couple” while C.H. 

was “poor and unmarried.” Id. at 54. 

We are unpersuaded by C.H.’s arguments, which focus on what is best 

for her, not on what is best for Children. Her position is not that she is a 

better choice than Pre-adoptive Parents, but rather that she is a competent 

parent, that Children were bonded to her in the past, and that we should 

ignore the changes in Children’s bonding relationships because they resulted 

from an erroneous psychological report. Assuming arguendo that everything 

C.H. says about the report is true, the duty of this Court is to decide whether 

the trial court erred or abused its discretion in determining what is in the 

best interests of Children, not to right the wrongs which C.H. suffered years 

ago. 

The record is replete with evidence that Pre-adoptive Parents offer 

Children a stable, loving home, in which Children have thrived. Children 

refer to Pre-adoptive Parents as “Mommy” and “Dad” and turn to Preadoptive Parents for their needs. N.T., 6/11/2014, at 139-146. Phoebe 

Sutherland, who has provided therapy to Children since their removal from 

C.H.’s home, described the influence of Pre-adoptive Parents as 
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“[t]remendously positive” and opined that removing Children from the 

“really wonderful home” of Pre-adoptive Parents would be detrimental to the 

well-being of Children. Id. at 152, 160. See also id. at 160 (“Removing 

them at this point -- to remove them could potentially be catastrophic to 

them, given their trauma history.”). As summarized by Children’s guardian 

ad litem: 

While there may be some contest concerning the adequacy 

of the competing petitioner, [C.H.], to parent [Children],[1]there 

is no contest and, in fact, no dispute as to the capabilities and 

the wonderful environment that has been provided by [Preadoptive Parents] over the last two years, which is, essentially, 

the majority of these young girls’ lives.

There is also no dispute that in their care [Children] have 

thrived. They’ve bonded with both parents whom they call mom 

and dad, who they view as their parents. They’ve bonded with 

[Pre-adoptive Parents’] [n]atural children. They view them as 

siblings. And uprooting [Children] from this home at this point 

and time would prove devastating to them.

Id. at 16-17.

Given the evidence before it, the trial court’s decision to grant the 

petition of Pre-adoptive Parents and to deny C.H.’s petition was neither error 

nor an abuse of discretion. See Matter of Adoption of Sturgeon, 445 

A.2d 1314, 1323 (Pa. Super. 1982) (affirming trial court’s choice between 

competing adoptive families where the conclusion to keep child in his current 

 

1

In addition to C.H.’s drug conviction in 1999, N.T., 6/11/2014, at 15, other 

evidence at trial called her parenting skills into question. See, e.g., id. at 

75-77 (C.H. testifying that, of the five natural children she raised, only two 

graduated from high school, and all grew up to have criminal records). 
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placement was supported by the record). Accordingly, C.H.’s first issue 

entitles her to no relief.

C.H.’s remaining issue involves the trial court’s limitations upon her 

calling of witnesses. We consider her arguments mindful of the following. 

Our Rules of Evidence vest the trial court with the 

authority to determine the admissibility of evidence as well as to 

control the scope of examination. Rule 403 stresses the 

importance of clear, concise, and expeditious presentation, 

allowing for the exclusion of evidence that is confusing, 

cumulative, or unfairly prejudicial:

Rule 403. Exclusion of relevant evidence on 

grounds of prejudice, confusion, or waste of 

time

Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its 

probative value is outweighed by the danger of 

unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or 

misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue 

delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of 

cumulative evidence.

In addition, the Rules vest the trial court with the necessary 

discretion to limit a party’s presentation in an effort to achieve a 

just result while avoiding duplication or waste of time:

Rule 611. Mode and order of interrogation and 

presentation

(a) Control by court. The court shall exercise 

reasonable control over the mode and order of 

interrogating witnesses and presenting evidence so 

as to (1) make the interrogation and presentation 

effective for the ascertainment of the truth, (2) avoid 

needless consumption of time and (3) protect 

witnesses from harassment or undue 

embarrassment.
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Appellate review of the court’s rulings under these rules is 

limited to determining whether the trial judge abused his 

discretion. 

Rettger v. UPMC Shadyside, 991 A.2d 915, 925 (Pa. Super. 2010) 

(citations omitted). 

C.H. sought to introduce the testimony of her pastor regarding her 

observations of C.H.’s interactions with Children during the time they lived 

with C.H. She also wished to offer the testimony of two representatives of 

the organization Every Mother is a Working Mother, who would testify to 

C.H.’s parenting abilities, although they never witnessed C.H.’s interactions 

with Children. C.H.’s Brief at 51-52. 

Regarding the pastor’s testimony that she would provide support to 

C.H. and Children if Children were returned to C.H., counsel for C.H. agreed 

to introduce that by stipulation. Counsel sought to add the witness’s 

observations of C.H.’s interactions with Children in 2012, but the trial court 

determined that the relationship in 2012 was irrelevant in 2014. N.T., 

6/11/2014, at 71-72. The trial court also disallowed the Every Mother 

witnesses, stating “I don’t find them to be relevant to today’s proceedings.” 

Id. at 124. 

Again, C.H.’s focus is on the past. Looking instead at the then-present 

situation in which Children lived, and what was in their best interests moving 

forward, we discern no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s conclusion that 

C.H.’s excluded witnesses had nothing to add to the trial. Through her 
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testimony, as well as the witnesses she did present, live or by stipulation, 

C.H. was given ample opportunity to present the case for why she was a 

better choice as a parent in 2014. The excluded testimony she describes 

would not have altered the analysis or the conclusion that it is in the best 

interests of Children to remain in the home of Pre-adoptive Parents and to 

formalize and finalize their relationship. Accord Artzt v. Artzt, 556 A.2d 

409, 411 (Pa. Super. 1989) (“[A] two-year old record in a custody action is 

not ‘up-to-date’ and cannot possibly reflect ‘what is currently in the 

children’s best interest.’”). 

We understand C.H.’s position that she has done all that she could do 

to maintain her relationships with Children and get them back sooner. She 

attended scheduled visitations with Children. She attempted to intervene in 

the dependency action to get Children back, but it was held that she lacked 

standing to do so. In re: S.H.J., 78 A.3d 1158 (Pa. Super. 2013). Upon 

losing the standing battle in this Court, C.H. filed her adoption petition, but 

Children by that time had bonded with Pre-adoptive Parents. Nonetheless, it 

is the best interests of Children, not of the would-be parent, that must 

control, and it is clear that the trial court’s decision was proper based upon 

the record before it.

Order affirmed. 
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/13/2015