EXHIBIT A 

Case 6:20-cv-00541-ADA Document 44-2 Filed 02/05/21 Page 1 of 98
IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE 

In re Patent of: Wang et al. 

U.S. Patent No.: 8,429,480 Attorney Docket No.: 35548-0130IP1 

Issue Date: April 23, 2013 

Appl. Serial No.: 12/681,687 

§371(c)(1), (2), (4) Date: June 24, 2010

Title: USER SPECIFIC LOAD BALANCING 

Mail Stop Patent Board 

Patent Trial and Appeal Board 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 

P.O. Box 1450 

Alexandria, VA 22313-1450 

PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,429,480 

PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1

II. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) ........................... 1

A. Real Parties-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) .......................... 1

B. Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) ..................................... 1

C. Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) ................. 2

D. Service Information ............................................................................... 3

III. PAYMENT OF FEES – 37 C.F.R. § 42.103 ................................................... 3

IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 ............................ 3

A. Grounds For Standing Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) ............................ 3

B. Challenge Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b) and Relief Requested ............ 4

V. Summary Of The ’480 Patent .......................................................................... 7

A. Brief Description ................................................................................... 7

B. Summary of the Prosecution History Of The ’480 Patent .................... 8

VI. Level of Ordinary Skill .................................................................................... 9

VII. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. §§ 42.104(b)(3) .................................. 10

VIII. [GROUND 1A] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476 (Claims 11-

13) .................................................................................................................. 10

A. Overview Of CATT183 ...................................................................... 10

B. Overview Of Nokia476 ....................................................................... 11

C. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476 ............................. 13

1. Overview Of First Alternative Combination ................................. 13

2. Overview Of Second Alternative Combination ............................ 17

3. Claim Element Analyses ............................................................... 20

IX. [GROUND 1B] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476-Ranta 

(Claims 14-16) ............................................................................................... 28

A. Overview Of Ranta .............................................................................. 28

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115-Ranta 29

X. [GROUND 1C] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 

(Claims 17-20) ............................................................................................... 31

A. Overview Of TS_36_300 .................................................................... 31

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 ......... 33

XI. [GROUND 1D] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476- 

TS_36_300-CATT115 (Claims 1, 3-4, 7-10) ................................................ 35

A. Overview Of CATT115 ...................................................................... 35

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476- TS_36_300-

CATT115 ............................................................................................. 36

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1. Overview Of First Alternative Combination ................................. 36

2. Overview Of Second Alternative Combination ............................ 42

3. Claim Element Analyses ............................................................... 44

XII. [GROUND 1E] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476- TS_36_300-

CATT115-Ranta (Claims 5-6) ....................................................................... 51

A. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115-

TS_36_300-Ranta ................................................................................ 51

XIII. [GROUND 2A] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 

(Claims 1, 4, 7-9) ........................................................................................... 52

A. Overview Of Kuusela .......................................................................... 52

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 ............ 53

1. Overview Of Combination ............................................................ 53

2. Claim Element Analyses ............................................................... 60

XIV. [GROUND 2B] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300-

Nokia476 (Claims 3, 10) ............................................................................... 66

XV. [GROUND 2C] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300-

Ranta (Claims 5-6) ......................................................................................... 67

XVI. [GROUND 2D] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 

(Claims 11, 13-14, 16) ................................................................................... 68

XVII.[GROUND 2E] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476-

TS_36_300 (Claims 12, 15, 17-20) ............................................................... 72

XVIII. THE FINTIV FACTORS WEIGH IN FAVOR OF INSTITUTION .. 75

XIX. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 85

 

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EXHIBITS 

EX1001 U.S. Pat. No. 8,429,480 to Wang et al. (“the ’480 patent”) 

EX1002 File History of the ’480 Patent 

EX1003 Declaration of Mr. Peter Rysavy 

EX1004 Declaration of Mr. Craig Bishop 

EX1005 China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT), 

R2-074183, “Semi-Persistent Scheduling for UL VoIP in 

TDD,” For Discussion and Decision at 3GPP TSG-RAN WG2 

Meeting #59bis in Shanghai, China (October 8-12, 2007) 

(“CATT183”) 

EX1006 Nokia, R2-070476, “Uplink Scheduling for VoIP,” For 

Discussion and Decision at 3GPP TSG-RAN WG2 Meeting 

#57 in St. Louis, Missouri (February 12-16, 2007) 

(“Nokia476”) 

EX1007 China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT) 

and RITT, R2-070115, “Collision Avoidance While Using 

Synchronous HARQ,” For Discussion at 3GPP TSG-RAN 

WG2 Meeting #56bis in Sorrento, Italy (November 15-19, 

2007) (“CATT115”) 

EX1008 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0256757 

(“Kuusela”) 

EX1009 3GPP TS 36.300 v8.1.0, Technical Specification Group Radio 

Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 

(E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 

Network (E-UTRAN); Overall Description Stage 2 (Release 8) 

(“TS_36_300”) 

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EX1010 U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0177630 

(“Ranta”) 

EX1011 WSOU Investments, LLC v. Huawei Investment & Holding Co., 

Ltd., Case No. 6:20-cv-544, Original Complaint For Patent 

Infringement (W.D. Tex. June 17, 2020) 

EX1012 LTE Overview, 3GPP, available at 

https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte 

(accessed Nov. 7, 2020) 

EX1013 3GPP TS 36.321 v1.0.0, Technical Specification Group Radio 

Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 

(E-UTRA); Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol 

specification (Release 8) (“TS_36_321”) 

EX1014 UTRA-UTRAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 3GPP System 

Architecture Evolution (SAE), Long Term Evolution of the 

3GPP Radio Technology, available at 

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Inbox/2008_web_files/LTA_Paper.pdf 

(accessed Nov. 8, 2020) 

EX1015 Puttonen et al., Voice-over-IP Performance in UTRA Long 

Term Evolution Downlink (May 2008) 

EX1016 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.0.0, Technical Specification Group Radio 

Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 

(E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation (Release 8) 

(“TS_36_211”) 

EX1017-1099 Reserved 

EX1100 Complaints filed in WSOU Investments LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case Nos. 6:20-cv-00533-00544 

(W.D. Tx.) 

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EX1101 Joint Motion to Enter Scheduling Order (Document 30), WSOU 

Investments LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case 

Nos. 6:20-cv-00533-00544 (W.D. Tx.) 

EX1102 Huawei’s Stipulation served in WSOU Investments LLC v. 

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case Nos. 6:20-cv00533-00544 (W.D. Tx.) 

EX1103 Order Setting Markman Hearing (Document 29), WSOU Investments LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case Nos. 

6:20-cv-00536 (W.D. Tx.) 

EX1104 Sample Order Governing Proceedings—Patent Cases (W.D. 

Tx.) 

EX1105 November 2, 2020 Email from the Court re WSOU Investments 

LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case Nos. 6:20-

cv-00533-00544 (W.D. Tx.) 

EX1106 November 3, 2020 Email from the Court re WSOU Investments 

LLC v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., et al., Case Nos. 6:20-

cv-00533-00544 (W.D. Tx.) 

 

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LISTING OF CLAIMS 

Claim Element Language 

[1.P] A method comprising: 

[1.1] detecting with a hybrid automatic repeat request function a 

collision between an uplink packet re-transmission and a new 

uplink packet transmission within a hybrid automatic repeat 

request process; and 

[1.2] in response, the hybrid automatic repeat request function

dynamically allocating resources for transmitting the new 

uplink packet transmission in a different hybrid automatic 

repeat request process that does not collide with the uplink 

packet re-transmission. 

[3] The method according to claim 1, wherein the allocated 

resources are sent on a physical downlink control channel to a 

user equipment. 

[4] The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is 

executed by a network element. 

[5.P] A computer readable medium encoded with a computer 

program executable by a processor to perform actions 

comprising: 

[5.1] detecting with a hybrid automatic repeat request function a 

collision between an uplink packet re-transmission and a new 

uplink packet transmission within a hybrid automatic repeat 

request process; and 

[5.2] in response, the hybrid automatic repeat request function

dynamically allocating resources for transmitting the new 

uplink packet transmission in a different hybrid automatic 

repeat request process that does not collide with the uplink 

packet re-transmission. 

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[6] The computer readable medium encoded with a computer 

program according to claim 5, where resources are persistently 

allocated for transmitting the new uplink packet transmission 

in the different hybrid automatic repeat request process. 

[7.P] An apparatus comprising: 

[7.1] a hybrid automatic repeat request functional unit configured to 

detect with a hybrid automatic repeat request function, a 

collision between an uplink packet re-transmission and a new 

uplink packet transmission within a hybrid automatic repeat 

request process; and 

[7.2] in response, the hybrid automatic repeat request functional unit 

being configured to dynamically allocate resources for 

transmitting the new uplink packet transmission in a different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process that does not collide 

with the uplink packet re-transmission. 

[8] The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the apparatus is 

embodied in a network element. 

[9] The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein resources are 

persistently allocated for transmitting the new uplink packet 

transmission in the different hybrid automatic repeat request 

process. 

[10] The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the allocated 

resources are sent on a physical downlink control channel to a 

user equipment. 

[11.P] A method comprising: 

[11.1] transmitting a packet re-transmission in a hybrid automatic 

repeat request process using a semi-persistently scheduled 

uplink resource; and 

[11.2] responsive to receiving a dynamic allocation of a different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process, transmitting a new 

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packet using the dynamically allocated different hybrid 

automatic repeat request process. 

[12] The method according to claim 11, further comprising 

persistently allocating a resource for transmitting the new 

packet transmission in the different hybrid automatic repeat 

request process. 

[13] The method according to claim 11, wherein the dynamic 

allocation of the different hybrid automatic repeat request 

process is received from a network element. 

[14.P] A computer readable medium encoded with a computer 

program executable by a processor to perform actions 

comprising: 

[14.1] transmitting a packet re-transmission in a hybrid automatic 

repeat request process using a semi-persistently scheduled 

uplink resource; and 

[14.2] responsive to receiving a dynamic allocation of a different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process, transmitting a new 

packet using the dynamically allocated different hybrid 

automatic repeat request process. 

[15] The computer readable medium encoded with a computer 

program of claim 14, where a resource is persistently allocated

for transmitting the new packet transmission in the different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process. 

[16] The computer readable medium encoded with a computer 

program of claim 14, where the dynamic allocation of the 

different hybrid automatic repeat request process is received 

from a network element. 

[17.P] An apparatus comprising: 

[17.1] a hybrid automatic repeat request functional unit configured to 

transmit a packet re-transmission in a hybrid automatic repeat 

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request process using a semi-persistently scheduled uplink 

resource; and 

[17.2] responsive to receiving a dynamic allocation of a different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process, the hybrid automatic 

repeat request functional unit configured to transmit a new 

packet using the dynamically allocated different hybrid 

automatic repeat request process. 

[18] The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the dynamic allocation 

comprises a resource is persistently allocated for transmitting

the new packet transmission in the different hybrid automatic 

repeat request process. 

[19] The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a receiver 

configured to receive the dynamic allocation of the different 

hybrid automatic repeat request process from a network 

element. 

[20] The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus is embodied 

in a user equipment. 

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I. INTRODUCTION 

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Huawei” or “Petitioner”) requests Inter 

Partes Review (“IPR”) of claims 1 and 3-20 (“the Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 8,429,480 (“the ’480 patent”). 

II. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) 

A. Real Parties-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) 

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.; Huawei Device USA, Inc.; Huawei Technologies USA Inc.; Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd.; Huawei Device (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.; Huawei Device Co., Ltd.; Huawei Tech. Investment Co., Ltd.; and 

Huawei Device (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. are the real parties-in-interest. No other parties had access to or control over this Petition, and no other parties funded this Petition. 

B. Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) 

WSOU Investments, LLC d/b/a/ Brazos Licensing and Development 

(“WSOU” or “Patent Owner”)—the alleged Patent Owner—filed a complaint 

against Petitioner asserting the ’480 patent on June 17, 2020 in the U.S. District 

Court for the Western District of Texas (Case No. 6:20-cv-00544). This complaint 

was one of twelve patent lawsuits filed by Patent Owner against Petitioner on the 

same date: 

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Asserted Patent No. Civil Case No. (W.D. Tex.)

6,882,627 6-20-Cv-00533 

7,095,713 6-20-Cv-00534 

7,508,755 6-20-Cv-00535 

7,515,546 6-20-cv-00536 

7,860,512 6-20-cv-00537 

7,872,973 6-20-cv-00538 

8,200,224 6-20-cv-00539 

8,417,112 6-20-cv-00540 

9,084,199 6-20-cv-00541 

8,249,446 6-20-cv-00542 

6,999,727 6-20-cv-00543 

8,429,480 6-20-cv-00544 

None of the twelve asserted patents are related to the ’480 patent as a continuation/divisional. Petitioner is not aware of any disclaimers or reexamination certificates addressing the ’480 patent. 

C. Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) 

Petitioner provides the following designation of counsel. 

Lead Counsel Backup Counsel 

Michael T. Hawkins, Reg. No. 57,867 

Fish & Richardson P.C. 

3200 RBC Plaza 

60 South Sixth Street 

Minneapolis, MN 55402 

Tel: 612-337-2569 

hawkins@fr.com

Nicholas Stephens, Reg. No. 74,320 

Tel: 612-766-2018 / nstephens@fr.com

Kenneth W. Darby, Reg. No. 65,068 

Tel: 512-226-8126 / kdarby@fr.com

Kim Leung, Reg. No. 64,399 

Tel: 858-6784713 / leung@fr.com

Stuart Nelson, Reg. No. 63,947 

Tel: 612-337-2538 / snelson@fr.com

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Craig Deutsch, Reg. No. 69,264 

Tel: 612-278-4514 / deutsch@fr.com

Kenneth Hoover, Reg. No. 68,116 

Tel: 512-226-8117 / hoover@fr.com

Sangki Park, Reg. No. 77,261 

Tel: 612-638-5763 / spark@fr.com

Terry J. Stalford, Reg. No. 39,522 

Tel: (214) 292-4088 / stalford@fr.com

D. Service Information 

Please address all correspondence and service to the address listed above. Petitioner consents to electronic service by email at IPR35548-0130IP1@fr.com (referencing No. 35548-0130IP1 and cc’ing PTABInbound@fr.com and hawkins@fr.com). 

III. PAYMENT OF FEES – 37 C.F.R. § 42.103 

The Patent and Trademark Office is authorized to charge Deposit Account 

No. 06-1050 for the fee set in 37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a) for this Petition and any additional fees. 

IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 

A. Grounds For Standing Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) 

Petitioner certifies that the ’480 patent is available for IPR, and Petitioner is 

not barred or estopped from requesting IPR. 

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B. Challenge Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b) and Relief Requested 

Petitioner requests IPR of the Challenged Claims on the grounds listed below. 

The expert declaration of Mr. Peter Rysavy (EX1003) also supports this Petition. 

Ground Claims §103 Combination 

1A 11-13 CATT183-Nokia476 

1B 14-16 CATT183-Nokia476-Ranta 

1C 17-20 CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 

1D 1, 3-4, 7-10 CATT183-Nokia476- TS_36_300-

CATT115 

1E 5-6 CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300-

CATT115-Ranta 

2A 1, 4, 7-9 CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 

2B 3, 10 CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300-Nokia476 

2C 5-6 CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300-Ranta 

2D 11, 13-14, 16 CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 

2E 12, 15, 17-20 CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476-TS_36_300 

The ’480 patent was filed as a U.S. national stage entry from a PCT application filed September 30, 2008, and claims priority to a provisional application filed 

October 5, 2007. Petitioner treats October 5, 2007 as the Critical Date for evaluating 

prior art status: 

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Reference Filing Publication Status 

CATT183 --- 10/02/2007 §102(a) 

Nokia476 --- 02/09/2007 §102(a) 

TS_36_300 --- 07/03/2007 §102(a) 

Ranta 11/29/2006 08/02/2007 §§102(a), (e) 

CATT115 --- 01/10/2007 §102(a) 

Kuusela 04/25/2006 11/16/2006 §§102(a), (e) 

Nokia476 was cited during prosecution, and both Nokia476 and TS_36_300 

are referenced in the specification of the ’480 patent. CATT183, Kuusela, Ranta, 

and CATT115 were neither cited nor referenced in the specification. None of the 

prior art in Grounds 1(A)-2(E) were used to reject the claims during prosecution. 

 CATT183, Nokia476, and CATT115 are technical documents (“TDocs,” also 

referred to as “contributions”) submitted to the RAN2 working group of 3GPP, 

which is the standards body that developed and maintains LTE and other wireless 

communications standards. EX1004, §II. TS_36_300 is a technical specification 

published by 3GPP pertaining to LTE E-UTRA/E-UTRAN. Id. According to standard 3GPP practices, TDocs were made available to the public without restriction 

when uploaded to a public file server that attached a timestamp to the date/time of 

the submission. Id. 3GPP members also commonly distributed TDocs via an email 

exploder to subscribers of pertinent 3GPP distribution lists in the relevant timeframe 

(e.g., October 5, 2007). Id. 3GPP standards were widely adopted around the world, 

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and interest from industry, academia, and other members of the public meant that 

ordinarily interested persons knew how to freely access 3GPP documents from the 

public file server and email exploder. Additionally, Technical Specifications Groups 

typically held quarterly plenary meetings to discuss member contributions and other 

matters. TDocs were discussed at these meetings, and a record of participation and 

discussion items were recorded in meeting minutes. Id. 

Mr. Bishop has substantial experience over many years working with 3GPP 

to develop wireless standards, including in the relevant timeframe (Oct. 5, 2007). 

Id., §1. Mr. Bishop reviewed publicly available documentation from the 3GPP website and elsewhere (as reflected in Appendices C-S (EX1004)), and determined the 

following: 

 CATT183 was made publicly accessible via the 3GPP public file server and 

email exploder on October 2, 2007. EX1004, §III. 

 Nokia476 was made publicly accessible via the 3GPP public file server and 

email exploder on February 9, 2007, and was actually disseminated and discussed at 

a plenary meeting by February 16, 2007. EX1004, §IV. 

 CATT115 was made publicly accessible via the 3GPP public file server on 

January 12, 2007, and was publicly distributed via the email exploder on January 10, 

2007. CATT115 also would have been actually disseminated and discussed at a 

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plenary meeting by January 19, 2007. EX1004, §V. 

 TS_36_300 was made publicly accessible via the 3GPP public file server on 

July 3, 2007, and interested persons would have received notice of its forthcoming 

availability through an email distributed on the email exploder attaching meeting 

minutes of TSG RAN #36 on June 12, 2007. EX1004, §VI. 

The evidence here thus confirms that CATT183, Nokia476, CATT115, and 

TS_36_300 qualify as printed publications as required by 35 U.S.C. §311(b). Hulu, 

LLC v. Sound View Innovations, LLC, IPR2018-01039, Paper 29 (PTAB Dec. 20, 

2019) (precedential). 

V. Summary Of The ’480 Patent 

A. Brief Description 

The ’480 patent relates to wireless communication systems, and specifically 

describes techniques in the context of an “evolved UTRAN” or “LTE” system. 

EX1001, 1:13-19, 1:58-63. Mr. Rysavy provides a detailed technical overview of 

concepts relevant to the technologies described and claimed in the ’480 patent. 

EX1003, §VI.A. 

In particular, the ’480 patent focuses on the problem of collisions that can 

occur between uplink transmissions (from a wireless unit (“UE”) to a base station 

(“eNB”)) when (i) persistent (or semi-persistent) scheduling provides a new VoIP 

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packet for transmission during a particular uplink subframe and (ii) a synchronous 

HARQ process provides a previous VoIP packet for retransmission from the same 

UE during the same uplink subframe. EX1001, FIG. 2; EX1003, ¶¶32-33. To address this problem, the ’480 patent proposed techniques for “performing UE [] specific load balancing among HARQ processes, in particular for the case of semi-persistent scheduling the LTE TDD UL.” EX1001, 6:30-35. “More specifically, when 

a new transmission packet and re-transmission packet from one UE ... occur within 

one HARQ process, the re-transmission packet is transmitted during the time at 

which a collision would occur, and the new transmission packet is dynamically 

scheduled to a new resource in another, different HARQ process.” Id., 6:38-43. 

Figure 3 shows one example of these techniques: 

EX1001, FIG. 3. 

B. Summary of the Prosecution History Of The ’480 Patent 

The ’480 patent was filed April 5, 2010 as a national stage entry from a PCT 

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application filed September 20, 2008, and claiming priority to a provisional application filed October 5, 2007. EX1001; EX1002, 97-151; EX1003, ¶34. In the only 

Office Action mailed in the course of prosecution of the ’480 patent, the Examiner 

rejected various claims as indefinite under 35 U.S.C. §112, ¶2. EX1002, 30-34. The 

Examiner raised no prior art rejections, and the claims were otherwise identified as 

reciting allowable subject matter. Id., 33. In response to this office action, the applicant corrected certain formalities and amended the claims based on the Examiner’s suggestions to overcome the rejections under §112, ¶2. Id., 20-26. The Examiner thereafter mailed a Notice of Allowance, although the Notice provided no 

explicit reasons for allowance. Id., 9-13. 

VI. Level of Ordinary Skill 

A person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the ’480 patent (a 

“POSITA”) would have had at least a Master’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, or a related field, with 3-5 years of experience in wireless communication systems. EX1003, ¶18. Such experience could be 

obtained through research and study in a graduate program or through comparable 

exposure to research literature through industry employment working in the field of 

wireless communication systems, and additional years of experience could substitute 

for the advanced-level degree. Id.

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VII. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. §§ 42.104(b)(3) 

All claim terms should be construed according to the Phillips standard. Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303 (Fed. Cir. 2005); 37 C.F.R. § 42.100. In the 

Related Litigation, a Markman hearing is scheduled for April 2021. EX1103. Here, 

there are no instances of lexicography in the ’480 patent, and no party has alleged 

instances of unique, specialized terms in the claims requiring a departure from the 

plain and ordinary meaning of the claim language. The Board has repeatedly explained that “claim terms need only be construed to the extent necessary to resolve 

the controversy,” and for purposes of the particular Grounds 1(A)-2(E) in this Petition, no formal construction is necessary. Wellman, Inc. v. Eastman Chem. Co., 642 

F.3d 1355, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2011). 

VIII. [GROUND 1A] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476 (Claims 

11-13) 

A. Overview Of CATT183 

Like the ’480 patent, CATT183 recognized the problem of conflicts arising 

between re-transmissions in synchronous HARQ and initial transmissions in semipersistently scheduled initial packet transmissions. EX1005, 1; EX1003, ¶¶36-38. 

CATT183 describes a solution to this problem that involves diverting the initial transmission of a new packet to a different HARQ process if there is a conflict 

with a retransmission in a first HARQ process. EX1005, 2-3 (“Alt 2”). CATT 183 

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described this technique as follows: 

Allocate two persistent resources to voice packet in adjacent uplink subframes, named “primary predefined resource” and “secondary predefined resource”. The interval 

between them is n*TTI, where n1 and n will be small so 

that the packet can be transmitted quickly. If there is the 

2nd retransmission of the last voice packet use the primary 

predefined resource, then the initial transmission of the 

current voice packet will use the secondary predefined resource. Otherwise, the initial transmission will use the primary predefined resource, and the secondary predefined 

resource can be dynamically scheduled to other service. 

EX1005, 3. 

Figure 3 of CATT183 illustrates the proposed “Alt 2” solution: 

EX1005, FIG. 3 (p. 3). 

B. Overview Of Nokia476 

Nokia476 describes several scheduling alternatives for uplink VoIP in LTE 

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systems. EX1006, 1; generally id., 1-5; EX1003, ¶¶39-40. The disclosed alternatives include fully dynamic scheduling, fully persistent scheduling, and semi-persistent scheduling. Id.; supra, Section V.A (providing overview of each scheme). 

The ’480 patent’s background discussion acknowledges that “[s]emi-persistent scheduling has [] been agreed to for use in LTE, wherein initial/new transmissions of voice packets are persistently allocated (a set of resources in every 20 ms 

are predefined) and re-transmissions of packets are dynamically scheduled by Layer 

1/Layer 2 signaling.” EX1001, 2:27-32. Nokia476 provides additional detail regarding semi-persistent scheduling, and further discloses ordinary signaling exchanges that occur between a UE and eNB in an E-UTRAN (LTE) system to 

acknowledge successful/unsuccessful receipt of uplink transmissions and to dynamically allocate or schedule resources to the UE for upcoming transmissions. 

EX1006, 1-5. Figure 3, for example, depicts an example signaling exchange in the 

context of semi-persistent scheduling: 

EX1006, FIG. 3 (p. 3). 

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C. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476 

The teachings of CATT183 and Nokia476 would have been predictable to 

combine according to both of the alternative implementations described below in 

§§VIII.C.1 and VIII.C.2, and would have rendered claims 11-13 of the ’480 patent 

obvious. EX1003, ¶35, §IX. Further, both of the alternative combinations would 

have provided each element of claims 11-13 as described below in §VIII.C.3. Id., 

¶¶50-63. 

1. Overview Of First Alternative Combination 

As described above (§VIII.A), CATT183 discloses techniques in E-UTRAN 

for resolving collisions between retransmission of a first voice packet and initial 

transmission of a second voice packet on a single UE by directing them to different 

predefined persistent resources. EX1005, 2-3; EX1003, ¶¶50-59. Specifically, in 

the event of a scheduled collision, the UE (i) retransmits the first packet using the 

same persistent resource that was used for the initial/prior transmissions of the first 

packet (e.g., the first predefined resource) and (ii) transmits the second packet using 

the other persistent resource (e.g., the secondary predefined resource). EX1005, 2-

3. The initial transmission of the second packet thus diverts to a different HARQ 

process from the first process associated with transmissions of the first packet. Id., 

FIG. 3; EX1003, ¶50. 

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Although the secondary resource in CATT183 is predefined even before a 

scheduled collision is identified, a POSITA would have understood that the secondary resource can alternatively be allocated according to other well-known techniques. EX1003, ¶51. For example, Nokia476 describes a range of scheduling techniques including “dynamic” scheduling and “persistent” scheduling (both “fully”-

persistent and “semi”-persistent scheduling). EX1006, 1-4; supra, §VIII.B. According to the teachings of Nokia476, CATT183’s proposal for persistent scheduling of 

the secondary resource suggests that the secondary resource would be available to 

the UE on a regular basis—even before a specific collision is identified between 

retransmission of one packet and initial transmission of another. EX1006, §2.2; 

EX1003, ¶51. 

Although persistent scheduling reduces control signaling overhead between 

the UE and eNB, Nokia476 explains that dynamic scheduling typically offers greater 

scheduling flexibility and results in more efficient resource allocation. EX1006, 

§2.1 (pp. 1-2) (“[d]ynamic scheduling ... is naturally most flexible from the scheduling and UL resource usage point of view”). For the reasons explained in following 

paragraphs, it would have been obvious to modify CATT183’s “Alt 2” solution according to Nokia476’s suggestion for dynamic scheduling such that the secondary 

resource is dynamically scheduled (rather than persistently scheduled as described 

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in CATT183). EX1003, ¶¶52-53. In particular, a predictable application of dynamic 

scheduling based on Nokia476 to the CATT183 system would have resulted in a 

system that dynamically allocates the secondary resource to the UE only when 

needed to provide additional uplink capacity necessary to resolve a scheduled collision between a HARQ retransmission and an initial transmission of a next voice 

packet from a UE. Id.

Multiple reasons would have prompted a POSITA to combine the teachings 

of CATT183 and Nokia476 to provide for dynamic scheduling rather than predefined persistent scheduling of the secondary resource. EX1003, ¶54. 

First, dynamically scheduling the secondary resource would have provided 

more efficient resource usage since the secondary resource would be allocated only 

when actually needed to resolve a conflict between a pair of transmissions from a 

UE during a particular TTI. EX1003, ¶55; EX1006, §2.1 (“[d]ynamic scheduling 

... is naturally most flexible from the scheduling and UL resource usage point of 

view”). A POSITA would have appreciated that dynamic scheduling ordinarily reduces wasted resources that would arise if a UE were allocated a resource in advance 

before determining that the resource is actually needed. EX1003, ¶55. When there 

is no collision, dynamic scheduling ensures that the resource would not be pre-allocated to the UE to address a non-existent conflict. The resource can then be assigned 

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to other UEs, for example—thereby increasing performance of the system as a whole 

(especially when resources are scarce). EX1003, ¶56; EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3 (describing benefits of freeing resources for other users). And while CATT183 acknowledges that the predefined secondary resource can be “dynamically scheduled to other 

service” when it is not needed, a POSITA would have seen benefits in implementing 

dynamic scheduling of the secondary resource in the first instance to maximize availability of the resource to other UEs. EX1003, ¶56. Dynamic scheduling in this 

manner would thus mitigate much of the “complexity” of the Alt 2 scheme. EX1003, 

¶56; EX1005 (“Alt 2 ... implementation complexity will be increased”). 

Second, dynamically scheduling the secondary resource would have enabled 

the system to realize certain other well-known benefits associated with dynamic 

scheduling as discussed in Nokia476. EX1003, ¶57. For example, Nokia476 lists 

several advantages stemming from dynamic scheduling including “[f]lexible scheduling of VoIP and other users,” “[s]cheduling freedom,” “[f]requency and time selective scheduling,” and “[f]ast and slow link adaptation.” EX1006, §2.1 (pp. 1-2). 

Third, implementing CATT183 according to Nokia476’s suggestion for dynamic scheduling would have involved the mere application of a known technique 

(Nokia 476’s dynamic scheduling) to a known system (CATT183) to yield predictable results with high expectation of success. EX1003, ¶58; KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex 

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Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 417 (2007). Indeed, CATT183 already acknowledges the feasibility of dynamic resource allocation when there is no collision and Nokia476 provides additional detail regarding this predictable approach. EX1003, ¶58. 

Fourth, a POSITA would have found Nokia 476’s suggestion for dynamic 

scheduling obvious to try in the context of CATT183 (e.g., such that the system 

dynamically allocates the secondary resource upon identifying a scheduled collision). Indeed, E-UTRAN broadly provides a finite set of options—just two options—for allocating resources to an uplink transmission: either (1) pre-allocate the 

resource ahead of time or (2) dynamically allocate the resource on an as-needed basis. EX1003, ¶59. Given these two known and finite options, it would have been 

obvious to try dynamic allocation in CATT183 to achieve the predictable benefits 

associated with such an approach as described above. EX1006, §2.1; see also id., 

§2.3; EX1003, ¶59; Uber Techs., Inc. v. X One, Inc., 957 F.3d 1334, 1340 (Fed. Cir. 

2020) (“where an ‘ordinary artisan would . . . be left with two design choices . . 

.[e]ach of these two design choices is an obvious combination”) (quoting ACCO 

Brands Corp. v. Fellowes, Inc., 813 F.3d 1361, 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2016)). 

2. Overview Of Second Alternative Combination 

While the first alternative combination described in §VIII.C.1 involved modifying CATT183 so that the secondary resource is ordinarily allocated dynamically 

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(without predefining the secondary resource before identifying a collision), the evidence here confirms that it further would have been predictable to implement 

CATT183 according to Nokia476’s suggestion for dynamic resource allocation in a 

second alternative manner that maintains CATT183’s predefined secondary resource. EX1003, ¶¶60-63; EX1005, 2-3 (Alt 2 solution). 

Specifically, CATT183 proposed to “[a]llocate two persistent resources to 

voice packet in adjacent uplink subframes, named ‘primary predefined resource’ and 

‘secondary predefined resource.’” EX1005, §2.2 (“Alt 2”). However, CATT183 

also acknowledges that when there is no second retransmission of a first voice packet 

that would collide with the initial transmission of a second voice packet, then the 

“initial transmission [of the second voice packet] will use the primary predefined 

resource, and the secondary predefined resource can be dynamically scheduled to 

other service.” Id. (emphasis added). CATT183’s proposal to re-allocate the secondary resource to other services is consistent with the well-understood practice in 

E-UTRAN of dynamically allocating unused resources to other services or other users (e.g., as confirmed by Nokia476’s description of semi-persistent scheduling).1

 

 

1

 Notably, CATT183 does not mandate that the secondary predefined resource always be dynamically re-allocated to another service when there is no collision, 

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EX1006, §2.3 (“released resource can be allocated to some other VoIP user”); 

EX1003, ¶61. 

CATT183 does not expressly disclose what happens to the secondary predefined resource after being dynamically re-scheduled to another service. Still, the

possibility of collisions arising between future transmissions remains, and a POSITA 

would have appreciated that a secondary resource would still benefit the UE to address future collisions. EX1003, ¶62. One predictable solution for re-allocating a 

secondary resource to the UE in this situation would have entailed, after its initial 

release, dynamically re-allocating a secondary resource to the UE based on the 

teachings of Nokia476. EX1003, ¶62; see also supra, §VIII.C.1. 

A POSITA would have been motivated to re-allocate CATT183’s secondary 

resource using dynamic allocation techniques based on Nokia476 for substantially 

 

only that it “can be” dynamically rescheduled. EX1005, 3. Indeed, FIG. 3 shows 

instances where the unused secondary predefined resource is not re-allocated. Id. 

Whether dynamic re-allocation occurs in a given circumstance may depend on various factors including current system conditions and/or preferences of the system 

designer. 

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the same reasons that dynamic allocation was obvious to apply in the First Alternative combination. EX1003, ¶63; supra, §VIII.C.1. For example, by dynamically reallocating a secondary resource to a UE after the secondary resource was previously 

released in response to identifying a scheduled collision, the likelihood of the secondary resource being wasted/unused will ordinarily diminish (leading to more efficient resource usage). EX1003, ¶63. Dynamic allocation was also associated with 

other well-known benefits as disclosed in Nokia476 including “[f]lexible scheduling,” “[f]requency and time selective scheduling,” and “[f]ast and slow link adaptation.” EX1006, §2.1; EX1003, ¶63. Further, as described above (§VIII.C.1), dynamic resource allocation would have achieved predictable results and would have 

been obvious to try, especially where the ’480 patent’s background discussion admits that dynamic resource allocation was already known to address collisions. 

EX1001, 2:27-32; EX1003, ¶63. 

3. Claim Element Analyses 

Element [11.P] 

To the extent the preamble is limiting, CATT183 discloses in §2.2 (Alt 2) a 

method for collision resolution, and the First and Second Alternative CATT183-

Nokia476 combinations described above provide the recited method. EX1005, 2-3; 

supra, §VIII.C.1-2; EX1003, ¶64. 

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Element [11.1] 

CATT183 discloses transmitting a packet re-transmission in a first HARQ 

process using a persistently scheduled “primary” predefined uplink resource. 

EX1005, §2.2 (Alt 2). 

EX1005, FIG. 1. 

CATT183 also acknowledges that “semi-persistent scheduling has been 

adopted for VoIP” in E-UTRAN. Id., §1. To the extent CATT183 does not expressly disclose that the primary resource in the “Alt 2” embodiment is “semi-persistently” scheduled, this feature was well known before the earliest possible priority 

date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007) and would have been obvious to apply to 

scheduling the primary resource in the resulting CATT183-Nokia476 combinations. 

EX1003, ¶¶65-68. 

For example, Nokia476 explains that semi-persistent scheduling involves automatic release of persistently scheduled resources, e.g., during “silence periods” of 

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a voice session. EX1006, §2.3. It would have been obvious to implement the resulting First and Second alternative combinations according to Nokia476’s suggestion for semi-persistent scheduling such that the primary resource would be semipersistently scheduled. EX1003, ¶67. 

A POSITA would have sought to implement semi-persistent scheduling in this 

manner for several reasons. EX1003, ¶68. 

First, releasing the primary resource during silence periods would have advantageously allowed for more efficient resource usage because it would then be 

available to re-allocate to other users. EX1003, ¶. 

Second, semi-persistent scheduling was already commonly agreed upon in EUTRAN (as admitted by CATT183), and it would have been predictable to adopt in 

the system in light of this agreement for purposes of achieving uniformity. Id., ¶68. 

Third, the resulting combination would have achieved desired results consistent with the expected operation of semi-persistent scheduling as described in 

Nokia476. EX1003, ¶68. 

Element [11.2] 

CATT183 describes operations for predefining a secondary resource for a second (different) HARQ process to carry new packet transmissions in the event of a 

scheduled collision. EX1005, §2.2 (Alt 2). 

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To the extent CATT183 does not expressly disclose receiving a dynamic allocation of the second (different) HARQ process, the First and Second Alternative 

CATT183-Nokia476 combinations would have achieved this feature based on 

Nokia476’s suggestions for dynamic resource allocation.2

 EX1003, ¶¶69-71. Nokia 

476 confirms that dynamic resource allocation was well-known in the context of 

semi-persistent scheduling. EX1006, §2.3. For instance, Figure 3 of Nokia476 

shows the UE receiving a dynamically allocated uplink resource for retransmission 

of a packet that was not successfully received at the eNB: 

 

2

 For purposes of mapping prior art, this Petition treats “receiving a dynamic allocation of a different [HARQ] process,” as recited in Element [11.2], as encompassing receipt of dynamically allocated resources for transmitting in a different HARQ 

process. See, e.g., EX1001, 3:3-5, FIG. 7; Element [1.2]. Petitioner does not 

waive any defenses under 35 U.S.C. §112 with respect to Element [11.2] that may 

be raised in other forums. 

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EX1006, FIG. 3 (annotated). 

For the reasons explained in detail above (§§VIII.C.1-2), it would have been 

obvious to implement CATT183’s Alt 2 embodiment according to the teachings of 

Nokia476 for dynamic resource allocation. EX1003, §§IX.A-B, ¶71. In both the 

First and Second Alternatives CATT183-Nokia476 combinations, a UE in the resulting system predictably receives a dynamic allocation of the secondary resource 

for a second (different) HARQ process, and in response, transmits a new packet using the dynamically allocated secondary resource in the different HARQ process in 

a different subframe. EX1003, ¶71. 

First Alternative Combination: 

EX1003, ¶71. 

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Second Alternative Combination 

EX1003, ¶71. 

Element [12] 

The teachings of CATT183-Nokia476 provide the feature recited in this claim 

element in at least two ways. EX1003, ¶¶72-74. 

First, in the Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476 combination described 

above (§VIII.C.2), the secondary resource (corresponding to the recited “persistently 

allocat[ed] ... resource”) is predefined and persistently scheduled before being dynamically rescheduled to another user/service. EX1003, ¶73. The secondary resource in this instance is predefined and persistently scheduled, and is specifically 

provided for transmitting a new packet transmission in the second (different) HARQ 

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process.3

 EX1005, §2.2 (Alt 2), FIG. 3. 

Second, CATT183 explains how “E-UTRAN allocates predefined resources 

for the first HARQ transmissions and potentially retransmissions to UEs.” 

EX1005, §1 (emphasis added). CATT183 thus confirms that capabilities for predefining not just the initial transmission in a HARQ process but also retransmissions 

were known—and indeed were actively explored for the E-UTRAN standard at the 

time of the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007). 

EX1003, ¶74; see also EX1009, §11.1.2. By predefining a resource for both the 

initial transmission and retransmissions, the resource is “persistently” allocated 

within the meaning of that term as used in the ’480 patent—e.g., since retransmissions do not need to be individually scheduled on a dynamic basis. EX1003, ¶74. 

Regardless whether the resource persists for transmissions of subsequent packets, 

the ’480 patent provides that a resource can be “persistently” allocated even if the 

resource persists only for transmissions of a single packet. See EX1001, 7:7-11 

 

3

 Petitioner notes claim 12 lacks antecedent basis for “the new packet transmission,” and does not require that that the transmission occur in a dynamically allocated HARQ process. 

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(“[O]nly a new transmission that has collided with a re-transmissions need by dynamically scheduled to another HARQ process, as other new transmissions can occur in the persistent fashion in process #1 if the loading in HARQ process #1 is 

reasonable.”), 7:65-67, 8:14-17, 8:33-36. According to the teaching of CATT183, 

the secondary resource in both the First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476 

combinations would thus be persistently allocated for transmitting the new packet 

transmission in the second (different) HARQ process. EX1003, ¶74. 

Element [13] 

Nokia476 discloses that the UE receives dynamically allocated resources from 

the Node B (e.g., eNB). EX1006, FIG. 3 (showing dynamic uplink resource allocation provided with NACK), (“allocation is sent either on L1/L2 control channel”); 

generally §§2.1, 2.3. As explained in detail above (§§VIII.C.1-2), the UE in the 

predictable First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115 combinations receives the dynamic allocation of the second (different) HARQ process from 

the eNB (corresponding to the recited “network element”). EX1003, ¶75; cf 

EX1001, 8:29-32, FIG. 8 (receiving dynamic allocation from eNB in ’480 patent); 

supra, §V.A. 

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IX. [GROUND 1B] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476-Ranta 

(Claims 14-16) 

A. Overview Of Ranta 

Ranta discloses “wireless communications systems and, more specifically, ... 

techniques that provide for a retransmission of data.” EX1010, [0002]; EX1003, 

¶¶41-42. Ranta’s techniques are applicable to wireless systems including LTE and 

E-UTRAN. EX1010, [0047] (“By way of introduction, in current standardization 

efforts, such as those for a proposed 3GPP UTRA and UTRAN long term evolution 

(LTE) network, it may be useful to employ HARQ.”), [0104]-[0107]. 

Ranta further describes components of wireless systems such as LTE. 

EX1010, [0052]-[0055], FIG. 1; see also id., [0121]-[0125]. For instance, Figure 1 

depicts “a wireless network 1 [] adapted for communication with a UE 10 via a base 

station (e.g., Node B or BTS) 12.” Id., [0052]. 

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EX1010, FIG. 1. 

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115-

Ranta 

Element [14.P] 

The First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476 combinations described above provide predictable techniques for resolving collisions in E-UTRAN. 

Supra, §§VIII.C.1-2. To the extent the preamble is a limitation, and to the extent 

CATT183 and Nokia476 do not expressly disclose the recited “computer readable 

medium,” this feature would have been obvious in view of Ranta. EX1003, ¶¶76-

77. For example, Ranta discloses a “UE 10 [that] includes a data processor (DP) 

10A, a memory (MEM) 10B that stores a program (PROG) 10C ...” EX1010, 

[0052]; see also [0053]-[0055], FIG. 1. Ranta also discloses the UE can include “a 

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computer program product ... that tangibly embodies a program of machine-readable instructions executable by a digital processing apparatus to perform operations.” 

Id., [0035], [0038], claims 17, 34. 

It would have been obvious to further modify the First and Second Alternative 

CATT183-Nokia476 combinations according to Ranta’s suggestions here such that 

the UE would include a computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program executable by a processor to perform the actions of the UE described above in 

§§VIII.C.1-2. Multiple reasons would have motivated a POSITA to implement the 

combination. EX1003, ¶77. For example, the computer-readable medium would 

have enabled the UE to execute actions for collision resolution and thereby achieve 

well-known benefits (e.g., more reliable delivery of packet transmissions and more 

efficient use of uplink resources). EX1003, ¶77. It also would have been predictable 

and natural to implement a computer-readable medium encoded with a computer 

program product as claimed since UEs ordinarily included computer-readable mediums of this type as of the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent. EX1003, 

¶77. 

Element [14.1] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [11.1]; EX1003, ¶78. 

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Element [14.2] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [11.2]; EX1003, ¶79. 

Element [15] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶80. 

Element [16] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [13]; EX1003, ¶81. 

X. [GROUND 1C] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476-

TS_36_300 (Claims 17-20) 

A. Overview Of TS_36_300 

TS_36_300 is a 3GPP technical specification that “provides an overview and 

overall description of the E-UTRAN radio interface protocol architecture.” EX1009, 

1; EX1003, ¶¶43-44. TS_36_300 describes elements of the UE and eNodeB in EUTRAN, and provides a physical layer model in Figure 5.4.1.5: 

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CRC 

RB mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation

Interl. 

CRC 

Resource demapping

Decoding + RM

Data demodulation

Deinterleaving

MAC scheduler

Node B

Resource

assignment

Modulation

scheme

Redundancy

version

Antenna

mapping

HARQ info

ACK/NACK

Antenna demapping 

CRC 

RB mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation

Interl. 

CRC 

Resource mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation 

Interleaving

HARQ

UE

HARQ info

ACK/NACK

Antenna mapping 

N Transport blocks

(dynamic size S1..., SN)

Error

indications

Resource/power

assignment

Modulation

scheme

Antenna

mapping

HARQ

Uplink transmission control

Channel-state 

information, etc.

CRC 

RB mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation

Interl. 

CRC 

Resource demapping

Decoding + RM

Data demodulation

Deinterleaving

MAC scheduler

Node B

Resource

assignment

Modulation

scheme

Redundancy

version

Antenna

mapping

HARQ info

ACK/NACK

Antenna demapping 

CRC 

RB mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation

Interl. 

CRC 

Resource mapping 

Coding + RM

Data modulation 

Interleaving

HARQ

UE

HARQ info

ACK/NACK

Antenna mapping 

N Transport blocks

(dynamic size S1..., SN)

Error

indications

Resource/power

assignment

Modulation

scheme

Antenna

mapping

HARQ

Uplink transmission control

Channel-state 

information, etc.

EX1009, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (p. 29). 

TS_36_300 explains that the medium access controller (MAC) in eNB “includes dynamic resource schedulers that allocate physical layer resources for the 

DL-SCH and UL-SCH transport channels.” EX1009, 56. Regarding uplink scheduling, TS_36_300 discloses that “E-UTRAN can dynamically allocate resources 

(PRBs and MCS) to UEs at each TTI via the C-RNTI on L1/L2 control channel(s).” 

Id., 56. Additionally, “E-UTRAN can allocate a predefined uplink resource for the 

first HARQ transmissions and potentially retransmissions to UEs.” Id. For example, 

as shown in Figure 5.4.1.5, the eNB includes a HARQ functional unit associated 

with the MAC scheduler to facilitate performance of HARQ-related functions. Id., 

§11. 

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B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 

Element [17.P] 

CATT183 discloses a UE as the recited “apparatus.” EX1005, §§1, 2.2 (Alt 

2); see also EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3; EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting UE); 

EX1003, ¶82; supra, §§VIII.C.1-2. 

Element [17.1] 

TS_36_300 discloses a HARQ functional unit in the UE, and confirms that 

HARQ functional units were standard UE components in E-UTRAN. EX1009, 

§5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting HARQ unit in UE). A POSITA would have implemented a HARQ functional unit in a UE in the CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 

combination for multiple reasons. EX1003, ¶83. For example, HARQ functional 

units were an ordinary part of the UE in E-UTRAN system in the relevant timeframe 

(e.g., October 5, 2007)—as confirmed by TS_36_300. Id., ¶83. Second, a POSITA 

would have appreciated that HARQ-related operations (such as the transmission recited in element [17.1]) would naturally be performed with a HARQ functional unit 

since they fall within the scope of the HARQ functional unit’s express purpose. Id.

As described in detail above (§VIII.C.1-2 and Element [11.1]), the HARQ 

functional unit would be configured to transmit a packet re-transmission in a HARQ 

process using a semi-persistently scheduled uplink resource. EX1003, ¶84; supra, 

§VIII.C.1-2, §VIII.C.3 (Element [11.1]). 

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Element [17.2] 

The operations for receiving a dynamic allocation of a resource for a different 

HARQ process, and transmitting a new packet using the dynamically allocated resource in the different HARQ process would have been obvious for the reasons explained above. Supra, §VIII.C.3 (Element [11.2]); EX1003, ¶85. It further would 

have been obvious to configure a HARQ functional unit in the UE to perform/facilitate these operations, for the reasons discussed in Element [11.1]. Supra, Element 

[11.1]; EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting HARQ unit in UE); EX1003, ¶85; 

supra, Element [11.2], §VIII.C.1-2. 

Element [18] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶86. 

Element [19] 

TS_36_300 expressly confirms that the UE in an E-UTRAN system such as 

CATT183 includes a receiver for receiving transmissions from the eNB. 

TS_30_300, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting UE with receiver) (“receiver side”). 

The resulting CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300 combination would predictably include a receiver in the UE to receive the dynamic allocation of resources for a second/different HARQ process from the eNB (network element). Supra, §§VIII.C.1-

2, VII.C.3 (Element [11.2]); EX1003, ¶87. 

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Element [20] 

As described above (§VIII.C.1-2), the apparatus is embodied in a user equipment (UE). Supra, Element [17.P], §VIII.C.1-2; EX1003, ¶88; EX1009, §5.4.1.5, 

FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting UE). 

XI. [GROUND 1D] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476- 

TS_36_300-CATT115 (Claims 1, 3-4, 7-10) 

A. Overview Of CATT115 

Like CATT183, CATT115 describes the problem of collisions that occur 

“when using synchronous HARQ” in the E-UTRA uplink. EX1007, 1; EX1003, 

¶¶45-46. To this end, CATT115 proposed solutions for “collision resolution.” Id., 

1. Among these solutions, CATT115 describes an option for dynamically allocating 

resources for retransmission of a first packet, while using predefined resources (from 

persistent scheduling) for initial transmission of a second packet. Id., 1-2. 

With adaptive synchronous HARQ, it seems that the 

collisions incurred due to synchronous operation can easily avoid by changing the resource unit assignment of special retransmission that will conflict with other transmission. Fig 1 shows an example. 

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In Fig 1, after the 1st retransmission fails, the MAC 

scheduler becomes aware of that the 2nd retransmission 

will conflict with persistent scheduling. So the scheduler 

notices the UE that the 2nd retransmission will continue in 

different resource units from previous retransmission by 

corresponding control signalling. 

EX1007, 1-2. 

B. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476- TS_36_300-

CATT115 

1. Overview Of First Alternative Combination 

As described in detail above (§VIII.C.1), it would have been obvious to modify CATT183 according to Nokia476’s suggestion for dynamic resource allocation 

such that the secondary resource would not be predefined, but would rather be dynamically allocated in response to identifying a scheduled collision. EX1003, ¶¶89-

98. 

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It was known by the relatively late timeframe of the ’480 patent’s earliest 

possible priority date (October 5, 2007) that E-UTRAN systems could allocate uplink resources to a UE either in response to an explicit resource request from the UE 

or in the absence of an explicit request from the UE.4

 EX1003, ¶90. For example, 

Nokia476 describes how “fully dynamic scheduling” involves the “UE send[ing] a 

resource request in UL for every VoIP packet” and “semi-persistent scheduling” involves the “UE [] sending[ing] a resource request” when “a talk spurt starts.” 

EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3. In the case of semi-persistent scheduling, the UE’s resource 

request can result in a persistently scheduled resource for initial transmissions while 

“[a]ll [] retransmissions are allocated dynamically.” Id., §2.3. The dynamic scheduling of retransmissions provides one example of the eNB automatically allocating 

uplink resources in the absence of an explicit resource request from UE. Id. 

CATT115 further demonstrates the predictability of implementing unsolicited 

resource allocations to accommodate separate transmissions of packets that incur a 

 

4

 As shorthand, this Petition refers to uplink resource allocations that occur in response to an explicit request from the UE as a “solicited” resource allocation. Uplink resource allocations that occur in the absence of an explicit request from the 

UE are referred to as “unsolicited” allocations. EX1003, ¶90. 

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scheduled collision due to synchronous HARQ and persistent scheduling. EX1007, 

§2.1; supra, §VIII.C. In particular, when “the MAC scheduler becomes aware [] 

that [a] 2nd retransmission will conflict with persistent scheduling,” “the scheduler 

notices the UE that the 2nd retransmission will continue in different resource units 

from previous retransmission by corresponding control signaling.” Id.; EX1003, 

¶91. 

It would have been obvious to further modify the First Alternative CATT183-

Nokia476 system (§VIII.C.1) based on CATT115’s suggestion (e.g., unsolicited resource allocations for uplink-transmission conflict resolution) such that the eNB 

would dynamically allocate a secondary resource to the UE in response to detecting 

a scheduled collision between a retransmission of a first packet and an initial transmission of a second packet. EX1003, ¶92. In this system as predictably modified 

by CATT115, the eNB would allocate the secondary resource in an unsolicited manner in response to detecting a scheduled collision, without an explicit request from 

the UE. Id. For example, notifying the UE of the dynamic uplink resource allocation 

would predictably involve sending a signal indicating resource allocation from the 

eNB to the UE on the downlink L1/L2 control channel (e.g., in a MAC control PDU). 

See EX1006, §2.3; EX1003, ¶92. 

A POSITA would have been prompted to apply CATT115’s suggestion for 

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unsolicited resource allocation to the resulting combination for a number of reasons. 

EX1003, ¶93. First, by implementing unsolicited allocation of CATT183’s secondary resource according to the teachings of CATT115, the resulting system would 

have advantageously reduced the amount of signaling overhead incurred relative to 

approaches that required the UE to send an explicit resource request to the eNB. 

EX1003, ¶93. The benefits of reducing signaling overhead were well understood 

before the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007), and 

tends to provide more efficient resource usage between the UE and eNB. Id.

Second, a POSITA would have recognized that the eNB was ideally positioned to detect impending collisions between transmissions and retransmissions 

from a UE (and thus would not need to rely on an explicit resource request from the 

UE to understand when a secondary resource is needed). EX1003, ¶94. The eNB is 

the entity that determines when retransmission of a packet is necessary (e.g., due to 

unsuccessful receipt of a prior uplink transmission), and the eNB tracks UE transmissions according to persistent scheduling and HARQ parameters. EX1003, ¶94. 

Accordingly, as CATT115 acknowledged, the eNB can readily identify scheduled 

collisions and the need for dynamic allocation of additional resources. EX1007, 

§2.1. Indeed, the ’480 patent itself assumes a POSITA would have understood how 

the eNB would detect collisions since it provides little detail on this operation, and 

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CATT115 provides at least as much detail as the ’480 patent in this regard. In re 

Epstein, 32 F.3d 1559, 1568, (Fed. Cir. 1994) (“[T]hat appellant did not provide the 

type of detail in his specification that he now argues is necessary in prior art references supports the Board’s finding that one skilled in the art would have known how 

to implement the features of the references.”). 

Third, implementing the combined system according to CATT115’s suggestion for unsolicited resource allocation would have involved the mere application of 

a known technique (CATT115’s unsolicited resource allocation) to a predictable 

system (CATT183-Nokia476) to yield no more than predictable results. EX1003, 

¶95; KSR, 550 U.S. at 417. 

Fourth, a POSITA would have considered CATT115’s suggestion for unsolicited resource allocation obvious to try in the context of the combined system based 

on CATT183 (e.g., such that the eNB performs unsolicited dynamic allocation of 

the secondary resource). The evidence here confirms that there are broadly just two 

options for prompting allocation of uplink resources to a UE: either (1) responsive 

to an explicit resource request from the UE or (2) by the eNB’s detection of some 

condition indicating the need for an uplink resource other than the explicit request 

from the UE. EX1003, ¶96. Given these two known and finite options, it would 

have been obvious to try unsolicited allocations in typical implementations of the 

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system to achieve the predictable benefits associated with this approach as described 

above. EX1003, ¶96; Uber, 957 F.3d at 1340. 

Accordingly, for the reasons discussed herein, a predictable combination of 

CATT183, Nokia476, and CATT115 would have resulted in a system that did not 

provide a predefined, persistently scheduled secondary resource. Instead, the eNB 

would dynamically allocate (and without solicitation from the UE) the secondary 

resource as needed upon detecting a conflict between the retransmission of first 

packet and a scheduled transmission of a second packet. EX1003, ¶¶97-98. Mr. 

Rysavy provided the following illustration depicting an ordinary implementation of 

the First Alternative combination as modified further in view of CATT115: 

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EX1003, ¶97. 

2. Overview Of Second Alternative Combination 

As described in detail above (§VIII.C.2), it would have been obvious to modify CATT183 according to Nokia476’s suggestion for dynamic resource allocation 

such that a predefined secondary resource can be recovered after its release, upon 

identifying a scheduled collision. EX1003, ¶¶99-100. 

Dynamically re-allocating the secondary resource to the UE by unsolicited 

notification when the eNB identifies a potential collision between a scheduled retransmission and initial transmission (as suggested by CATT115) also would have 

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been obvious to implement in the Second Alternative combination for substantially 

similar reasons to those discussed above (§XI.B.1). EX1003, ¶¶100, 89-98. A 

POSITA would have applied unsolicited dynamic re-allocation of the secondary resource in the resulting combination to reduce signaling overhead that would otherwise be required for the UE to send an explicit resource request to the eNB. EX1003, 

¶100. Additionally, a POSITA would have recognized that the eNB would be in an 

ideal position to detect scheduled collisions between transmissions and retransmissions from a UE, and as described above (§XI.B.1), unsolicited resource allocation 

would have achieved predictable results and would have been obvious to try. 

EX1003, ¶100. Mr. Rysavy provided the following illustration depicting an ordinary 

implementation of the Second Alternative combination as modified further in view 

of CATT115: 

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EX1003, ¶100. 

3. Claim Element Analyses 

Element [1.P] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [11.P]; EX1003, ¶101. 

Element [1.1] 

CATT183’s “Alt 2” embodiment (§2.2) discloses a system configured to identify a scheduled collision between an uplink packet-retransmission and a new uplink 

packet transmission within a (first) HARQ process using the primary predefined resource. EX1005, §2.2 (“If there is the 2nd retransmission of the last voice packet 

use the primary predefined resource, then the initial transmission of the current voice 

packet will use the secondary predefined resource.”), FIG. 3; supra, §VIII.A. The 

collision is detected within a HARQ process at least because the transmission are 

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scheduled during the same subframe/TTI from the same UE. Id.; cf. EX1001, FIG. 

1; EX1003, ¶¶102-105. 

Furthermore, as explained in detail above (§§VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2), the predictable First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115 combinations 

specifically provide an eNB configured to perform the recited detection by identifying a scheduled collision between the uplink packet re-transmission and the new 

uplink packet transmission. EX1003, ¶103; supra, §§VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2. 

CATT115 further discloses a “MAC scheduler” at the eNB that “becomes 

aware [] that the 2nd retransmission will conflict with persistent scheduling.” 

EX1007, §2.1. 

To the extent CATT183, Nokia476, and CATT115 do not expressly disclose 

the recited “[HARQ] function,” (or HARQ functional unit) TS_36_300 confirms 

that such a function was an ordinary feature of eNBs in E-UTRAN at the time (e.g., 

October 5, 2007). EX1009, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (p. 29); supra §X.A. It would have been 

obvious to implement the First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476-

CATT115 combinations according to TS_36_300’s suggestion for a HARQ function 

(or functional unit) such that the HARQ function in the resulting system would detect the collision (e.g., identify the scheduled collision) between the uplink packet 

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re-transmission and the new uplink packet transmission within the first HARQ process in the primary resource and dynamically allocate resources to a HARQ process 

(as recited in element [1.2]). EX1003, ¶104. 

A POSITA would have been prompted to implement this combination for 

multiple reasons. EX1003, ¶105. First, the HARQ function was a defined aspect 

of the eNB in the E-UTRAN system in the relevant timeframe (e.g., October 5, 

2007)—as confirmed by TS_36_300. Id., ¶105. Second, a POSITA would have 

appreciated that HARQ-related operations (such as the recited “detecting” and “dynamically allocating” operations) would naturally be performed using the HARQ 

function since HARQ operations are within the expected scope of a functional unit 

dedicated to HARQ. Id. Third, the HARQ function is consistent with CATT115’s 

suggestion for implementing a “MAC scheduler” since E-UTRAN provides “HARQ 

within the MAC sublayer.” EX1007, §2.1; EX1009, §9.1 (p. 39). The resulting 

combination thus would have achieved predictable results consistent with typical use 

of a HARQ function, and a POSITA would have expected a high likelihood of success in implementing the combination. EX1003, ¶105. 

Element [1.2] 

CATT183’s ‘Alt 2’ embodiment diverts the initial transmission of a second 

packet from a first HARQ process using a first predefined resource to a second 

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HARQ process using a second predefined resource in a different subframe/TTI responsive to detecting a scheduled collision between the initial transmission of the 

second packet and a retransmission of a first packet in the first HARQ process. 

EX1005, §2.2 (Alt 2); supra §VIII.A; EX1003, ¶106. Nokia476 further discloses 

dynamic resource allocation, and CATT115 suggests use of dynamic resource allocations to avoid collision between retransmissions and initial transmissions in a 

HARQ process. EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3; EX1007, §2.1; supra, §§VIII.B-C. For the 

reasons described in detail above (§§VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2), it would have been obvious to combine the teachings of CATT183, Nokia476, and CATT115, and the resulting First and Second Alternative combinations would have dynamically allocated, in response to detecting an impending collision (supra Element [1.1]), a secondary resource for transmitting the new uplink packet transmission in a different 

(second) HARQ process that does not collide with the uplink packet re-transmission 

in the first HARQ process. EX1003, ¶106. Based on TS_36_300, it further would 

have been predictable for these functions to be performed with a HARQ function at 

the eNB (as explained above (Element [1.1])). EX1003, ¶106. 

First Alternative: 

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EX1003, ¶106. 

Second Alternative: 

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Id. 

Element [3] 

Nokia476 teaches that uplink resource allocations in E-UTRAN are sent over 

the DL L1/L2 control channel (physical downlink control channel). EX1006, §2.3 

(“allocation is sent [] on L1/L2 control channel”), (“allocated dynamically using the 

L1/L2 control channel”), FIG. 3, §2.1 (“L1/L2 control signaling”), FIG. 1. As described above (§VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2), the predictable CATT183-Nokia476-

TS_36_300-CATT115 combinations would have provided for the allocated resource 

to be sent on the DL L1/L2 control channel according to Nokia476’s suggestion. 

Supra, §VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2; EX1003, ¶107; infra, §XIV (Element [3]). 

Element [4] 

As described in detail above (§VIII.C.1-2, XI.B.1-2), the methods of both 

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First and Second Alternative CATT183-Nokia476-TS_36_300-CATT115 combinations are executed by a network element such as an eNB with a HARQ function in 

an E-UTRAN system. EX1007, §2.1 (“MAC scheduler”); EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 

5.4.1.5 (depicting eNB); EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3 (“Node B”); supra, §VIII.C.1-2; 

EX1003, ¶108. 

Element [7.P] 

According to the teachings of CATT183 and TS_36_300, the CATT183-

Nokia476-CATT115-TS_36_300 combinations provide the recited “apparatus,” as 

an eNB or a component of the eNB that implements MAC/HARQ functions. 

EX1005, §2.2 (Alt 2); EX1009, §5.4.1.5; supra, §VIII.C.1-2; EX1003, ¶109. 

Element [7.1] 

Supra, Element [1.1]; EX1003, ¶110. 

Element [7.2] 

Supra, Element [1.2]; EX1003, ¶111. 

Element [8] 

TS_36_300 teaches that the apparatus that implements MAC scheduling and 

HARQ functions is embodied in the eNB (network element). EX1009, §5.4.1.5, 

FIG. 5.4.1.5; EX1003, ¶112; supra, Element [7.P], §VIII.C.1-2. 

Element [9] 

Supra, §VIII.C.3, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶113. 

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Element [10] 

Supra, Element [3]; EX1003, ¶114. 

XII. [GROUND 1E] – Obviousness Based On CATT183-Nokia476- 

TS_36_300-CATT115-Ranta (Claims 5-6) 

A. Predictable Combination Of CATT183-Nokia476-CATT115-

TS_36_300-Ranta 

Element [5.P] 

To the extent the preamble is a limitation, Ranta discloses the recited “computer readable medium.” EX1010, [0052]; see also [0053]-[0055], FIG. 1; supra, 

§IX.A. It would have been obvious to further modify the CATT183-Nokia476-

CATT115-TS_36_300 in view of Ranta such that the UE and eNB would provide 

computer-readable media encoded with a computer program product according to 

Ranta’s suggestion for at least the reasons described in §IX.B, Element [14.P]. 

EX1003, ¶115. 

Element [5.1] 

Supra, §XI.B, Element [1.1]; EX1003, ¶116. 

Element [5.2] 

Supra, §XI.B, Element [1.2]; EX1003, ¶117. 

Element [6] 

Supra, §XI.B, §VIII.C.3, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶118. 

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XIII. [GROUND 2A] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 

(Claims 1, 4, 7-9) 

A. Overview Of Kuusela 

Kuusela discloses techniques for “improve[ing] capacity in the context of, for 

example, VoIP on [High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)] or any other discontinuous data transmission.” EX1008, [0015]; generally id., [0015]-[0026], Abstract; EX1003, ¶¶47-49. 

Like CATT183 and CATT115, Kuusela similarly highlights the problem of 

collisions between retransmissions in a HARQ process and initial transmissions of 

VoIP packets. For instance, Kuusela explains that “[i]n case of 10 ms TTI, a simple 

principle with VoIP service using a packet every 20 ms would be, for example, to 

allow transmission of only every second ARQ process (odd or even).” EX1008, 

[0023]. 

Specifically, Kuusela discloses two predictable alternatives for resolving a 

conflict between a “retransmission” and an initial transmission for the next VoIP 

packet: (1) “the retransmission could be delayed by one 10 ms frame taking the 

place of a normally unused process,” or (2) “[a]lternatively, the new transmissions 

could be delayed by one 10 ms frame, taking the place of [a] normally unused process and without delaying the retransmission.” Id., [0024]-[0025]; see also id., 

[0016]. 

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B. Predictable Combination Of CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 

The teachings of CATT115, Kuusela, and TS_36_300 would have been predictable to combine as described below in §§XIII.B.1, and would have rendered 

claims 1, 4, and 7-8 of the ’480 patent obvious. EX1003, ¶35. Further, the combination would have provided each element of claims 1, 4, and 7-8 as described below 

in §XIII.B.2. Id.

1. Overview Of Combination 

As previously discussed (§XI.A), CATT115 acknowledges the well-known 

problem that “synchronous HARQ” in E-UTRAN can “lead[] to collisions while 

other mechanisms are adopted at the same time, such as persistent scheduling.” 

EX1007, §2. CATT115 explains that “collisions incurred due to synchronous operation can easily avoid [sic] by changing the resource unit assignment of special retransmission that will conflict with other transmission.” Id., §2.1. 

CATT115 lacks express detail regarding certain aspects of changing a “resource unit assignment” for a conflicting transmission, and does not expressly disclose that the dynamically allocated resources are scheduled for a different HARQ 

process. Nonetheless, a POSITA would have looked to Kuusela for a predictable 

solution in this regard. EX1003, ¶¶119-133; supra, §XII.A. In particular, Kuusela 

teaches that collisions within a HARQ process in a same subframe/TTI from a same 

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UE can be resolved by diverting one of the conflicting transmissions to a second 

HARQ process different from a first HARQ process where the collision was scheduled to occur. EX1007, [0023]-[0025]; supra, §XII.A. Kuusela’s teaching here 

(e.g., diverting a conflicting transmission to a different HARQ process) would have 

been obvious to apply to CATT115. EX1003, ¶120. In the resulting system, 

CATT115’s suggestion for changing the resource unit assignment of a conflicting 

transmission would involve moving that transmission to an entirely separate HARQ 

process from a first HARQ process where the conflicting transmissions were both 

originally scheduled to occur, according to Kuusela’s suggestion. EX1003, ¶120. 

Multiple reasons would have prompted a POSITA to implement CATT115’s 

system according to Kuusela’s suggestion for diverting a conflicting transmission to 

a different HARQ process.5

 EX1003, ¶121. First, LTE (E-UTRAN) systems al-

 

5

 Petitioner acknowledges that CATT115 pertains to an E-UTRAN system, while 

Kuusela’s disclosure focuses on WCDMA systems. Compare EX1007 with

EX1008, [0002]. Nonetheless, these differences would not have dissuaded a 

POSITA from implementing the CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 system as described herein. EX1003, ¶125. Aspects of the VoIP services and HARQ processes 

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ready provided support for multiple HARQ processes for separately managing transmissions of different uplink packets. Id., ¶122. It would have been predictable to 

direct a retransmission of a first packet and an initial transmission of a second packet 

to different HARQ processes based on Kuusela’s suggestion since doing so would 

simply entail advantageously utilizing parallel HARQ processes in LTE according 

to their ordinary purposes. Id., ¶122. 

Second, by diverting a conflicting transmission to a separate HARQ process, 

the transmissions of the respective packets associated with a scheduled collision 

would benefit from independent management in the respective HARQ processes. 

EX1003, ¶123. For instance, retransmissions of a first packet can continue for so 

long as necessary and permitted by parameters of the HARQ process, while the second packet would be subject to independent retransmissions as needed, thereby promoting reliable delivery mechanisms for both packets. Id., ¶123. 

Third, the combination would have involved the mere application of a known 

 

provided in these wireless systems were substantially similar, and a POSITA 

would have appreciated the relevance of Kuusela’s teachings beyond the specific 

context of WCDMA (including in E-UTRAN). EX1008, [0033] (“numerous other 

embodiments”); id. 

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technique (Kuusela’s diversion of a conflicting resource to a separate HARQ process) to a known system (CATT115’s E-UTRAN) that was ripe for improvement, 

and would have yielded no more than predictable results. EX1003, ¶¶124-125; KSR, 

550 U.S. at 417. 

Notably, the conflicting transmission for which CATT115 dynamically allocates different resource units is the retransmission for the first packet (rather than 

the initial transmission of a second packet provided by persistent scheduling). See 

EX1007, FIG. 1. However, a collision would of course be resolved by diverting 

either the first packet retransmission or the second packet initial transmission—and, 

indeed, Kuusela confirms that both options were known before the earliest possible 

priority date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007). EX1008, [0024] (“retransmission 

could be delayed by one 10 ms frame taking the place of a normally unused process”), [0025] (“[a]lternatively, the new transmissions could be delayed by one 10 

ms frame, taking the place of normally unused process and without delaying the 

retransmission”); EX1003, ¶126. 

For ordinary implementations of the system resulting from the combination 

of CATT115 and Kuusela, diversion of the first conflicting transmission to a different HARQ process would have been obvious according to the teachings of Kuusela. 

EX1003, ¶127. With regard to moving the initial transmission for a new packet to a 

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separate HARQ process, a POSITA would have been motivated to choose this option 

in particular for several reasons. Id.

First, diverting the initial transmission for the new packet to a separate HARQ 

process would have been obvious to try. EX1003, ¶128. Only two options are available here—either the retransmission or the initial transmission can move to the separate HARQ process. Id. Given these two known options, it would have been obvious to implement a system that diverts the initial transmission as a matter of design 

choice and to achieve at least the various benefits described in the following paragraphs. Id.; Uber, 957 F.3d at 1340. 

Second, by diverting the initial transmission of the new packet, a POSITA 

would have recognized benefits in maintaining retransmission of the first packet in 

the same HARQ process in which it began. EX1003, ¶129. Complexity associated 

with changing the first packet’s HARQ process before successful receipt by the eNB 

would thus be avoided, and standard retransmission operations of the first HARQ 

process would be maintained. Id., ¶129. 

Third, the combination would have involved the mere application of a known 

technique (Kussela’s suggestion to divert an initial transmission to a separate HARQ 

process) to a known system (CATT115’s E-UTRAN) that was ripe for improvement, 

and would have yielded no more than predictable results. EX1003, ¶130; KSR, 550 

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U.S. at 417. 

Moreover, by modifying CATT115 according to Kuusela’s suggestion to divert the initial transmission of a new packet to the separate HARQ process rather 

than the re-transmission of a first packet, it is not necessary that the resulting system 

employ adaptive HARQ as provided in CATT115. EX1007, §2.1; EX1003, ¶131. 

This follows from the fact that retransmissions in the CATT115-Kuusela system are 

maintained in the same HARQ process and would not necessarily require a change 

in resource units or other changes that would be signaled by adaptive HARQ. Id. 

Thus, CATT115’s stated preference for non-adaptive HARQ would not have dissuaded a POSITA from implementing a system based on the teachings in §2.1 (regarding adaptive synchronous HARQ). Id. This is especially true since the options 

of adaptive and non-adaptive synchronous HARQ were still being studied for inclusion in the LTE standard as of the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent 

(October 5, 2007). EX1003, ¶131. 

Finally, CATT115 discloses that the “MAC scheduler” of an eNB is the entity 

that identifies a scheduled collision and dynamically allocates different resources for 

a conflicting transmission. EX1007, 1. TS_36_300 further describes the structure 

and functions of the eNB in E-UTRAN, and discloses a HARQ functional unit associated with the MAC scheduler. EX1009, p. 29; see also id., §5.4.1.5. TS_36_300 

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also confirms that E-UTRAN implements HARQ within the “MAC sublayer,” and 

so the MAC sublayer would include a HARQ function encompassing HARQ-related 

functions. EX1009, p. 39, §9. It would have been obvious to further modify 

CATT115-Kuusela based on TS_36_300 such that the HARQ function in the MAC 

sublayer of the eNB would handle HARQ-related tasks including detecting collisions and facilitating dynamic allocation and diversion of resources for the initial 

transmission of a packet from the UE in a different HARQ process. EX1003, ¶132. 

A POSITA would have been motivated to implement the resulting combination with 

a HARQ function in the eNB according to the suggestion of TS_36_300 for multiple 

reasons, including that (1) such structure is consistent with the eNB architecture explicitly provided in the LTE standard, (2) the HARQ unit would be naturally wellsuited to handle HARQ-related tasks consistent with its intended function, and (3) 

the resulting system would have achieved no more than predictable results. KSR, 

550 U.S. at 417. 

Mr. Rysavy provided the following illustration depicting an ordinary implementation of a system resulting from the predictable combination of teachings from 

CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300: 

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EX1003, ¶133. 

2. Claim Element Analyses 

Element [1.P] 

To the extent the preamble is limiting, CATT115 discloses a method for collision resolution in E-UTRAN. EX1007, §2.1; supra, §XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶134. 

Element [1.1] 

CATT115 discloses that “collisions incurred due to synchronous operation 

can easily avoid [sic] by changing the resource unit assignment of special retransmission that will conflict with other transmission,” and “after the 1st retransmission 

fails, the MAC scheduler becomes aware [] that the 2nd retransmission will conflict 

with persistent scheduling.” EX1007, §2.1. Moreover, Kuusela discloses “a simple 

principle with VoIP service using a packet every 20 ms would be, for example, to 

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allow transmission of only every second ARQ process (odd or even),” while “taking 

into account an additional process for when retransmission is needed and there 

would be a conflict between the retransmission and the next packet arriving.” 

EX1008, [0023]; see also id., [0024]-[0025]. Furthermore, to the extent CATT115 

does not expressly disclose a “HARQ function,” TS_36_300 discloses such a 

“HARQ function” in the eNB. EX1009, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (p. 29); supra §X.A; EX1003, 

¶¶135-137. 

As explained in detail above (§XIII.B.1), the predictable combination of 

CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 would have detected (according to CATT115’s and 

Kuusela’s suggestions), with a HARQ function (according to TS_36_300’s suggestion), a scheduled collision between an uplink packet re-transmission and a new uplink packet transmission within a HARQ process, as recited in claim 1. EX1003, 

¶¶119-133. For example, the HARQ function at the eNB would detect a collision 

between a second retransmission and a persistently scheduled voice packet, as shown 

in the following figure: 

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EX1003, ¶136; supra, §XIII.B.1. 

Element [1.2] 

CATT115 discloses that, in response to detecting a scheduled collision, “the 

scheduler notices the UE that the 2nd retransmission will continue in different resource units from previous retransmission by corresponding control signaling.” 

EX1007, §2.1. CATT115 does not expressly disclose that the resources are allocated 

for transmitting the new uplink packet in a different HARQ process, but Kuusela 

discloses these features. EX1008, [0023]-[0025]; supra, §XIII.A. TS_36_300 also 

discloses the well-known “HARQ function” defined in E-UTRAN at the eNB. 

EX1009, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (p. 29); supra §X.A. 

For the reasons explained in detail above (§XIII.B.1), it would have been obvious to modify CATT115 in view of Kuusela such that, in response to detecting a 

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scheduled collision, the eNB dynamically allocates resources to the UE for transmitting the new uplink packet transmission in a different HARQ process in a different 

subframe that does not collide with the uplink packet re-transmission. EX1003, 

¶¶138-139. Additionally, for the reasons explained above (§XIII.B.1), the eNB 

would predictably include a HARQ function (e.g., related to the MAC scheduler) to 

perform these operations. 

EX1003, ¶139. 

Element [4] 

CATT115 discloses, and the resulting CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 combination provides, that the method is predictably executed by an eNB (network element). EX1007, §2.1 (“MAC scheduler”); supra, §§XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶140. 

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Element [7.P] 

According to the teaching of CATT115 and TS_36_300, the resulting 

CATT115-Kuusela-TS_36_300 combination provides the recited “apparatus,” as an 

eNB or a component of the eNB that implements MAC/HARQ functions . EX1007, 

§2.1 (“MAC scheduler”); EX1009, §5.4.1.5; supra, §XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶141. 

Element [7.1] 

Supra, Element [1.1]; EX1003, ¶142. 

Element [7.2] 

Supra, Element [1.2]; EX1003, ¶143. 

Element [8] 

TS_36_300 teaches that the apparatus that implements MAC scheduling and 

HARQ functions is embodied in the eNB (network element). EX1009, §5.4.1.5, 

FIG. 5.4.1.5; EX1003, ¶144; supra, Element [1.P], §XIII.B.1. 

Element [9] 

 TS_36_300 discloses “E-UTRAN can allocate a predefined uplink resource 

for the first HARQ transmissions and potentially retransmissions to UEs.” EX1009, 

§11.1.2 (emphasis added). TS_36_300 thus confirms that capabilities for predefining not just the initial transmission in a HARQ process but also retransmissions were 

known—and indeed were actively explored for the E-UTRAN standard at the time 

of the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007). EX1003, 

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¶145. By predefining a resource for both the initial transmission and retransmissions, the resource is “persistently” allocated within the meaning of that term as used 

in the ’480 patent—e.g., since retransmissions do not need to be individually scheduled on a dynamic basis. EX1003, ¶145. Regardless whether the resource persists 

for transmissions of subsequent packets, the ’480 patent provides that a resource can 

be “persistently” allocated even if the resource persists only for transmissions of a 

single packet. See EX1001, 7:7-11 (“[O]nly a new transmission that has collided 

with a re-transmissions need by dynamically scheduled to another HARQ process, 

as other new transmissions can occur in the persistent fashion in process #1 if the 

loading in HARQ process #1 is reasonable.”), 7:65-67, 8:14-17, 8:33-36. 

It would have been obvious to further modify the CATT183-KuuselaTS_36_300 system according to TS_36_300’s suggestion for allocating a predefined 

uplink resource for both the initial transmission and retransmissions in the different 

(second) HARQ process. EX1003, ¶146. A POSITA would have sought to implement this predictable option to reduce the control signaling that would otherwise be 

required to dynamically allocate individual retransmissions. EX1003, ¶146. 

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XIV. [GROUND 2B] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-KuuselaTS_36_300-Nokia476 (Claims 3, 10) 

Element [3] 

As disclosed in CATT115, “the scheduler notices the UE that the 2nd retransmission will continue in different resource units from previous retransmission by 

corresponding control signaling.” EX1007, §2.1 (emphasis added), FIG. 3 (“control signaling”); see also id., (“transmitter may change some or all of the transmission attributes”). To the extent CATT115 does not expressly disclose details of the 

control signals or how the allocated resources are sent to the UE, Nokia476 teaches 

that uplink allocations for E-UTRAN in this context are ordinarily sent over the DL 

L1/L2 control channel (physical downlink control channel). EX1006, §2.3 (“allocation is sent [] on L1/L2 control channel”), (“allocated dynamically using the L1/L2 

control channel”), FIG. 3, §2.1 (“L1/L2 control signaling”), FIG. 1. 

It would have been obvious to apply Nokia476’s suggestion (allocating uplink 

resources on DL L1/L2 control channel) to the predictable CATT115-KuuselaTS_36_300 combination (supra, §XIII.B.1) such that the dynamically allocated resources for the new packet transmission in the different (second) HARQ process are 

sent on the DL L1/L2 control channel. EX1003, ¶¶147-148. A POSITA would have 

been motivated to implement the system in this manner, especially since E-UTRAN 

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provided efficient mechanisms for transmitting control signaling on the L1/L2 control channel, and it was the ordinary method of dynamically allocating uplink resources in the relevant timeframe (e.g., October 5, 2007) according to applicable 

standards. EX1006, §2.3. 

Element [10] 

Supra, Element [3]; EX1003, ¶149. 

XV. [GROUND 2C] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-KuuselaTS_36_300-Ranta (Claims 5-6) 

Element [5.P] 

To the extent the preamble is a limitation, Ranta discloses the recited “computer readable medium.” EX1010, [0052]; see also [0053]-[0055], FIG. 1; supra, 

§IX.A. It would have been obvious to implement the CATT115-KuuselaTS_36_300 system (e.g., the UE and eNB) with computer-readable media encoded 

with a computer program product according to Ranta’s suggestion for at least the 

reasons described in §IX.B, Element [14.P]. EX1003, ¶150. 

Element [5.1] 

Supra, §XIII.B.2, Element [1.1]; EX1003, ¶151. 

Element [5.2] 

Supra, §XIII.B.2, Element [1.2]; EX1003, ¶152. 

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Element [6] 

Supra, §XIII.B.2, Element [9]; EX1003, ¶153. 

XVI. [GROUND 2D] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 

(Claims 11, 13-14, 16) 

Element [11.P] 

To the extent the preamble is limiting, CATT115 discloses a method for collision resolution in E-UTRAN. EX1007, §2.1; supra, §XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶154. 

Element [11.1] 

CATT115 discloses transmitting a packet re-transmission in a HARQ process. 

EX1007, §2.1; EX1003, ¶¶155-156, 45-46. 

To the extent CATT115 does not expressly disclose “using a semi-persistently 

scheduled uplink resource,” Nokia476 demonstrates this feature was well-known 

before the earliest possible priority date of the ’480 patent (October 5, 2007). 

EX1003, ¶155. For example, Nokia476 explains that semi-persistent scheduling allows for release of persistently scheduled resources during “silence periods” of a 

voice call. EX1006, §2.3. 

It would have been obvious to implement the resulting combination according 

to Nokia476’s suggestion for semi-persistent scheduling, and a POSITA would have 

been prompted to do so for each of the reasons described above in the analysis of 

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Element [11.1] (§VIII.C.3).6

 EX1003, ¶156. Mr. Rysavy provided the following 

diagram showing an ordinary implementation of the CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 

combination using semi-persistent scheduling according to Nokia476’s suggestion: 

EX1003, ¶156. 

 

6

 Specifically, the resulting combination in this ground is based on the teachings of 

CATT115, Kuusela, and Nokia476. A POSITA would have modified CATT115 

according to Kuusela’s suggestions (e.g., diverting the new packet transmission to 

a different HARQ process) for the reasons explained in detail above. Supra, 

§XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶¶119-133. A POSITA would have further modified 

CATT115-Kuusela in view of Nokia476 to implement semi-persistent scheduling 

for the reasons described here (analysis of element [11.2]). EX1003, ¶¶68, 155-

156. 

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Element [11.2] 

CATT115 discloses dynamic allocation of resource units to a UE for a second 

retransmission of a first packet such that the second retransmission does not interfere 

with an initial transmission of a new packet in the same resource units. EX1007, 

§2.1 (“scheduler notices the UE that the 2nd retransmission will continue in different 

resource units from previous retransmission”). The UE transmits a new packet using 

the different resource units in response to their dynamic allocation. Id. To the extent 

CATT115 does not expressly disclose that the resources are for a different HARQ 

process or that the new packet (rather than the first packet) would be transmitted in 

the different HARQ process, Kuusela discloses these features. EX1008, [0023]-

[0025]; supra, §XIII.A. 

As explained in detail above (§XIII.B.1), it would have been obvious to modify CATT115 in view of Kuusela such that the UE would receive from the eNB 

dynamically allocated resources for transmitting the new packet in a different HARQ 

process, and in response, transmitting a new packet using the dynamically allocated 

resources in a different HARQ process. EX1003, ¶¶157-158. 

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EX1003, ¶158 

Element [13] 

As described above with respect to Elements [11.1]-[11.2] and in §XIII.B.1, 

the UE in the CATT115 receives the dynamic allocation of resources for transmission of the new packet in a second (different) HARQ process from an eNB (network 

element). EX1007, §2.1 (“MAC scheduler”); EX1006, §§2.1, 2.3 (“Node B”), 

FIGS. 1, 3; supra, Elements [11.1]-[11.2] and §XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶159.

Element [14.P] 

Supra, §XV, Element [5.P]; EX1003, ¶160. 

Element [14.1] 

Supra, Element [11.1]; EX1003, ¶161. 

Element [14.2] 

Supra, Element [11.2]; EX1003, ¶162. 

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Element [16] 

Supra, Element [13]; EX1003, ¶163. 

XVII.[GROUND 2E] – Obviousness Based On CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476-

TS_36_300 (Claims 12, 15, 17-20) 

Element [12] 

CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 provides the method of claim 11. EX1003, 

¶¶154-158. As described in detail above, TS_36_300 further discloses the additional 

feature recited in claim 12 to at least the same extent as the ’480 patent itself. 

EX1009, §11.1.2 (“E-UTRAN can allocate a predefined uplink resource for the first 

HARQ transmissions and potentially retransmissions to UEs”); supra, §XIII.B.2 

(Element [9]); EX1003, ¶¶164, 145-146. It would have been obvious to implement 

the system based on CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 according to TS_36_300’s suggestion here for the reasons described above, and the resulting system would persistently allocate the uplink resource both for the initial and retransmissions of the new 

packet in the second (different) HARQ process. Supra, §XII.B.2 (Element [9]); 

EX1003, ¶164. 

Element [15] 

Supra, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶165. 

Element [17.P] 

The CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476-TS_36_300 combination provides a UE as 

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the recited “apparatus.” EX1007, §2.1; EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5; supra, 

§XIII.B.1; EX1003, ¶166. 

Element [17.1] 

For the reasons described in detail above, the predictable CATT115-KuuselaNokia476 combination transmits a packet-retransmission in a HARQ process using 

a semi-persistently scheduled uplink resource. Supra, §XVI (Element [11.1]); 

EX1003, ¶167. To the extent these references do not expressly disclose a HARQ 

functional unit, TS_36_300 confirms that such a functional unit was ordinarily provided in a UE apparatus according to E-UTRAN standards. EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 

5.4.1.5 (depicting HARQ unit in UE). It would have been obvious to modify 

CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 further based on TS_36_300 to provide a HARQ 

functional unit for at least the reasons identified above in the analysis of Element 

[17.1] (§X.B). EX1003, ¶¶167, 83-84. 

Element [17.2] 

The resulting system in the predictable CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 combination receives a dynamic allocation of resources for transmitting a new packet in a 

second/different HARQ process, and in response, transmits a new packet using the 

dynamically allocated resources in the second/different HARQ process. Supra, §XV 

(Element [11.2]); EX1003, ¶¶178. It further would have been obvious to modify 

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CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476 further based on TS_36_300 to provide a HARQ 

functional unit configured to perform HARQ related operations (including those recited in Element [17.2]), as described above. Supra, Element [17.1] (§§X.B, XVII); 

EX1003, ¶178. 

Element [18] 

Supra, Element [12]; EX1003, ¶169. 

Element [19] 

The UE in the CATT115-Kuusela-Nokia476-TS_36_300 combination receives the dynamic allocation of resources for transmitting in the second/different 

HARQ process from an eNB (network element). Supra, §XVI (Element [11.1]-

[11.2]); EX1003, ¶170. TS_36_300 confirms the UE includes a receiver for receiving information such as the dynamically allocated resources from the UE. 

TS_36_300, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (UE with receiver and antenna) (“receiver side”); 

EX1003, ¶170. 

Element [20] 

CATT115 discloses the apparatus embodied in a user equipment (UE). 

EX1007, §2.1 (“notices the UE”); EX1009, §5.4.1.5, FIG. 5.4.1.5 (depicting UE).; 

EX1003, ¶171. 

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XVIII. THE FINTIV FACTORS WEIGH IN FAVOR OF 

INSTITUTION 

In Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc., the Board enumerated six factors that provide a 

“holistic view” as to “whether efficiency, fairness, and the merits support the exercise of authority to deny institution in view of an earlier trial date in [a] parallel 

proceeding.” IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 at 2-3 (PTAB “precedential” Mar. 20, 2020) 

(“Fintiv I”). Guided by precedent, Petitioner took affirmative steps to promote the 

Board’s efficiency and fairness goals. Petitioner initiated this proceeding with exceptional diligence, filed a single petition within a mere seven weeks of learning of 

Patent Owner’s asserted claims, and provided a stipulation far more expansive than 

the example in Sand Revolution to eliminate any possibility of overlapping prior art 

issues between the instituted IPR proceeding and the Related Litigation. These facts, 

paired with the strong merits of Grounds 1(A)-2(E), provide compelling reasons to 

institute. Sand Revolution II, LLC v. Continental Intermodal Group, IPR2019-

01393, Paper 24, 12 (PTAB “Informative” June 16, 2020). 

Relevant Facts—On June 17, 2020, Patent Owner filed twelve separate infringement actions against Petitioner involving twelve unrelated patents asserted 

against dozens of unrelated products. See EX1100. These twelve lawsuits are concurrently pending in the Western District of Texas (“the Court”) before the Honorable Judge Alan D. Albright. Id. The action involving the ’480 patent was assigned 

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Case No. 6:20-cv-00544 (“the Related Litigation”). The remaining eleven lawsuits 

are identified by different cases numbers and are not formally consolidated. 

Patent Owner served its preliminary infringement contentions on October 9, 

2020. See EX1101, 8, 14. Petitioner’s preliminary invalidity contentions are due 

December 7, 2020. Id. On November 30, 2020, Petitioner stipulated in the Related 

Litigation that, if inter partes review is instituted on Grounds 1(A)-2(E) in this proceeding, Petitioner will not pursue in the Related Litigation the same Grounds 1(A)-

2(E) from this IPR nor any other possible prior art grounds based on a primary 

reference from this IPR (the CATT183 primary reference or the CATT115 primary 

reference). See EX1102. 

The Court set a Markman hearing for April 15, 2021, and the parties are scheduled to exchange terms for construction on December 21, 2020. See EX1103; 

EX1101, 9, 15. Per the Court’s default order, fact discovery will formally open on 

April 19, 2021, one business day after the Markman hearing. See EX1104, 9. 

For purposes of planning earlier dates throughout discovery, etc., the Court 

set a placeholder trial date for all twelve cases on the same day—April 11, 2022—

but promptly informed the parties that “the Court does not intend of trying all 12 

patents in one trial.” EX1105, 1. In other words, a jury trial is scheduled for April 

11, 2022, but neither the Court nor any party knows which one of the twelve asserted 

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patents will be the subject of the trial on that date. This placeholder trial date was 

set for all twelve cases “due to logistics and to provide flexibility” up through the 

Markman stage, but there is significant uncertainty as to whether the ’480 patent will 

be the subject of a jury trial starting on April 11, 2022 or a much later jury trial. Id.

The parties were also informed that the Court “currently has no intention of 

consolidating” the twelve lawsuits for a jury trial. EX1106, 1. In this communication, the Court acknowledged the possibility that a subset of “certain patents” among 

the twelve patents “may” be consolidated. Id. But again, even in those circumstances, there is significant uncertainty as to whether the ’480 patent will be grouped 

in that possible subset of “certain patents” and whether that subset will be the subject 

of a jury trial starting on April 11, 2022 or a much later trial date. Id. 

Given the filing date of this Petition, the Board’s Institution Decision and Final Written Decision will likely issue in early June of 2021 and 2022, respectively. 

Factor 1 (Stay)—No party in the Related Litigation has requested a stay at 

this time. Huawei currently plans to seek a motion to stay after the Board’s decision 

to institute IPR here because, in Judge Albright’s court, a motion filed earlier would 

be premature. Again, the facts at play here are unique. There are twelve distinct 

lawsuits (asserting twelve unrelated patents) all unrealistically scheduled for trial on 

the same date. In such unique circumstances, it is unclear how Judge Albright would 

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rule on a motion to stay for the particular lawsuit involving the ’480 patent, especially after IPR is instituted against the ’480 patent. This cloud of uncertainty means 

Factor 1 is neutral. 

Factor 2 (Trial Date)—While the Court set April 11, 2022 as a placeholder 

date for trial, it is far from certain whether the ’480 patent will be part of that trial 

because “the Court does not intend of trying all 12 patents in one trial.” EX1105, 1. 

The parties were already informed that the Court currently has no intention of consolidating any of the twelve separate actions, and it is simply not possible to conduct 

twelve trials all starting on April 11, 2022. Id.; EX1106, 1. While the Court “may”

consolidate a subset of “certain patents” among the twelve, there is significant uncertainty as to whether the ’480 patent will be part of that subset and whether that 

subset will be the subject of a jury trial starting on April 11, 2022. EX1106, 1. The 

only certainty at this time is that a significant number of the 12 patents will not be 

part of the April 11, 2022 trial. EX1105, 1. And the only plausible solution is to 

spread the trial dates out over a period of time, which will almost certainly result in 

later trial dates in multiple cases. Presently, there is no hint as to how the scheduling 

shuffle will play out. 

The Fintiv panel noted that the Board “generally take[s] courts’ trial schedules 

at face value absent some strong evidence to the contrary.” Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc., 

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IPR2020-00019, Paper 15, 13 (PTAB, “informative,” May 13, 2020) (“Fintiv II”). 

For the reasons detailed above, such “strong evidence” exists on this record. Due to 

Patent Owner’s litigation tactics, neither the Court nor any party knows which one 

of the twelve asserted patents will be the subject of the trial starting on April 11, 

2022. There is, in effect, no certain date for a jury trial that specifically addresses 

the ’480 patent. 

The “informative” guidance in Sand Revolution aligns with the facts of this 

case. Sand Revolution, IPR2019-01393, Paper 24 at 8-10. Even if the ’480 patent 

was selected as the particular patent for a jury trial on April 11, 2022 (mere speculation at this time), the narrow gap in time between the Court’s placeholder trial date 

(April 11, 2022) and the Board’s projected Final Written Decision (June of 2022) is 

just two months. The panel in Sand Revolution, also facing meaningful questions of 

uncertainty about the trial date, weighed Factor 2 “marginally” against denial with 

a three-month time gap. Id. The Sand Revolution guidance demonstrates the proper 

result when the district court’s “evolving schedule” makes it “unclear” when the trial 

would be held. Id. A similar lack of clarity exists in this case but for a slightly 

different reason—the placeholder trial date is plainly overbooked several times over, 

and there is significant uncertainty as to whether the ’480 patent will be addressed 

in the April 11, 2022 jury trials or one of the inevitable later jury trials. 

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Similarly, the Board’s analysis in Google LLC, et al. v. Parus Holdings, Inc.

is compelling. See IPR2020-00846, Paper 9 at 12-14 (PTAB Oct. 21, 2020). There, 

the district court reserved a broad range of “predicted” trial dates but declined to 

specify further. Id. (noting a trial date range of July 12-30, 2021, and further noting 

the court’s statement that it was “not going to pick a date right now”). With “only 

three months” between the range of trial dates and a final written decision, the Board 

deemed Factor 2 “neutral” based on “substantial uncertainty in the Texas court’s 

‘Predicted Jury Selection/Trial’ date.” Id. 

The two-month time gap presently at issue is narrower than Sand Revolution

and the trial date uncertainty is comparable to Google v. Parus. The well-reasoned 

analysis by the Board in those two cases weighed Factor 2 either against denial or 

neutral, respectively. A similar outcome is appropriate here. 

Factor 3 (Investment)—The Related Litigation is currently in its infancy. 

Petitioner has yet to serve its preliminary invalidity contentions, and the parties have 

yet to exchange proposed terms for construction. Petitioner acted promptly in response to Patent Owner’s identification of asserted claims in preliminary infringement contentions, filing this Petition only about seven weeks after the asserted 

claims were finally revealed for the twelve asserted patents. See EX1101, 8, 14. 

At the projected date of institution (June of 2021), the fact discovery period 

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will be just past the quarter-way mark, and expert reports still about five months out. 

See EX1103 (Markman hearing set for April 15, 2021); EX1104, 9-10 (30-week fact 

discovery period opens one business day after Markman). Beyond a Markman order, 

which is not dispositive here because the Petition does not rise or fall with any specific construction, the Court will almost certainly have not issued any substantive 

orders relevant to validity over the prior art. 

The facts here compare favorably to Fintiv. In that case, also co-pending with 

litigation at the Western District of Texas, the petitioner filed five months after receiving preliminary infringement contentions—less than two months here. See Fintiv II at 9. There, “[a]t the time of filing the Petition, the parties were in the midst of 

preparations for the Markman hearing,” while here, the parties have not even exchanged terms. Id. 

The “informative” guidance in Sand Revolution is telling here too. By the 

time of institution in this proceeding, the Related Litigation will be at a similar posture where “aside from the district court’s Markman Order, much of the district 

court’s investment relates to ancillary matters untethered to the validity issue itself.” 

Sand Revolution, IPR2019-01393, Paper 24 at 10-11. The parallels are also notable 

because: 

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[M]uch work remains in the district court case as it relates to invalidity: fact discovery is still ongoing, expert 

reports are not yet due, and substantive motion practice is 

yet to come. Thus, although the parties and the district 

court have invested effort in the related district court litigation to date, further effort remains to be expended in this 

case before trial. 

Id. at 11 (internal citation omitted). Given the alignment with Sand Revolution, Factor 3 should weigh “only marginally, if at all, in favor of exercising discretion to 

deny.” Id. Alternatively, it is reasonable to characterize this factor as firmly “neutral” given Petitioner’s even greater diligence in preparing this Petition as compared 

to petitioner in the Fintiv decision. 

Factor 4 (Overlap)—Factor 4 strongly supports institution. Petitioner stipulated in the Related Litigation that, if the IPR is instituted on Grounds 1(A)-2(E) in 

this proceeding, Petitioner will not pursue in the Related Litigation the same 

Grounds 1(A)-2(E) from this IPR nor any other prior art grounds based on a primary reference from this IPR. EX1102. Petitioner’s contingent stipulation removes 

the possibility of the Board deciding prior art issues that overlap with invalidity 

grounds in an earlier jury trial (if any). Critically, this stipulation is significantly 

broader than what the Board favorably considered in the informative Sand Revolution case. See IPR2019-01393, Paper 24 at 11-12. 

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Factor 5 (Parties)—Because the parties here and at the District Court are the 

same, Factor 5 favors denial if trial precedes the Board’s Final Written Decision and 

favors institution if the opposite is true (due to the 35 U.S.C. 315(e)(2) estoppel provision). Google, IPR2020-00846, Paper 9 at 20-21 (“[W]e decline to speculate as to 

whether we are likely to address the challenged patent before the Texas court. Thus, 

[Factor 5] is neutral.”). Neither circumstance can be confirmed in this case without 

improper speculation because the actual date of a jury trial involving the ’480 patent 

is uncertain. For the reasons detailed above, the District Court has only established 

a placeholder date for an entire set of twelve patent lawsuits, along with an explanation to the parties that “the Court does not intend of trying all 12 patents in one trial.” 

EX1105, 1. Under these unique circumstances, Factor 5 is neutral. 

Factor 6 (Merits and Other Circumstances)—The merits of this Petition 

are particularly strong. Section VIII-XVII above presents grounds based on two 

different primary references (CATT183 and CATT115) against the Challenged 

Claims. As discussed, the prior art and arguments at issue here are materially different from those considered by the Examiner during prosecution. The strength of 

the merits alone is enough to outweigh any inefficiencies born of parallel litigation. 

See Fintiv at 15. 

And there are additional circumstances that also favor institution, such as the 

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effect on “the economy [and] the integrity of the patent system.” Consolidated Trial 

Practice Guide (“CTPG”), p.56 (quoting 35 U.S.C. § 316(b)). Relevant to the former, Patent Owner, an entity specializing in patent licensing and negotiation, is asserting the ’480 patent’s overbroad claims against Petitioner’s base station equipment that implements one of the most well-known and widely-adopted standard protocols for wireless communications—LTE. See EX1009, 5-14. Fully vetting a 

twelve-year-old patent (PCT filed 2008) only now alleged to cover use of a preexisting standard that the public has come to rely on would be beneficial to the economy. 

The integrity of the patent system equally weighs in favor of institution. The 

obviousness analyses in this Petition show that the ’480 patent’s Challenged Claims 

are too broad, and the exceedingly thin prosecution record contains no express reasons indicating why the Examiner determined to allowed the patent in the first place 

(see supra Section V.C). AIA trials were intended to “improve patent quality and 

limit unnecessary and counterproductive litigation costs.” CTPG, p.56 (quoting 

H.R. Rep. No. 112–98, pt. 1, at 40 (2011)). This case provides an opportunity to 

fulfill those objectives. The quality of the ’480 patent would undoubtedly be improved by cancelling the unpatentable claims presently under challenge. And such 

a result could avert future litigation (and licensing) costs caused by Patent Owner’s 

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continued assertion efforts. 

For all these reasons, Factor 6 and the Fintiv Factors as a whole strongly favor 

institution. 

XIX. CONCLUSION 

Petitioner requests that IPR be instituted on Grounds 1(A)-2(E), and submits 

that all Challenged Claims should be found unpatentable. 

 Respectfully submitted, 

 

Dated: 11/30/2020 /Nicholas W. Stephens/ 

 Nicholas Stephens, Reg. No. 74,320 

 (Control No. IPR2021-00229) Attorney for Petitioner 

 

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CERTIFICATION UNDER 37 CFR §42.24 

Under the provisions of 37 CFR §42.24(d), the undersigned hereby certifies 

that the word count for the foregoing Petition for inter partes review totals 13,957 

words, which is less than the 14,000 allowed under 37 CFR §42.24. 

 Respectfully submitted, 

 

Dated: 11/30/2020 /Nicholas W. Stephens/ 

 Nicholas Stephens, Reg. No. 74,320 

 Attorney for Petitioner 

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 

Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §§42.6(e)(4)(i) et seq. and 42.105, the undersigned 

certifies that on November 30, 2020, a true and correct copy of the foregoing PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,429,480, and 

all supporting exhibits were provided via Federal Express, cost prepaid, to the Patent Owner by serving the correspondence address of record as follows: 

Lawrence Cho 

NOKIA OF AMERICA CORPORATION 

200 South Mathilda Avenue 

Sunnyvale, CA 94086 

 /Jessica K. Detko/ 

 Jessica K. Detko 

 Fish & Richardson P.C. 

 60 South Sixth Street, Suite 3200 

 Minneapolis, MN 55402 

 (612) 337-2516 

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