I 

113TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 2822 

To establish the United States comprehensive strategy for assistance to developing countries to achieve food and nutrition security, increase sustainable and equitable agricultural development, reduce hunger, improve nutrition, and develop rural infrastructure and stimulate rural economies, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

JULY 25, 2013 

Ms. MCCOLLUM (for herself, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. SCHOCK, Mr. CLAY, Mr. 

RANGEL, Ms. MOORE, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. RUSH, Mr. GARAMENDI, 

Mr. HONDA, Mr. MORAN, Mr. POLIS, Mr. KILMER, and Mr. COHEN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 

A BILL 

To establish the United States comprehensive strategy for 

assistance to developing countries to achieve food and 

nutrition security, increase sustainable and equitable agricultural development, reduce hunger, improve nutrition, 

and develop rural infrastructure and stimulate rural 

economies, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 


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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

2 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

3 ‘‘Global Food Security Act of 2013’’. 

4 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 

5 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Findings. 

Sec. 3. Definitions. 

TITLE I—POLICY OBJECTIVES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION 

Sec. 101. Statement of policy. 

Sec. 102. Comprehensive global food security strategy. 

Sec. 103. Reports. 

TITLE II—BILATERAL PROGRAMS 

Sec. 201. Agriculture, rural development, and nutrition. 

Sec. 202. Agricultural and nutrition research. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) Food and nutrition security is a foundation 

9 of development. Persistent hunger and malnutrition 

10 stunt the mental and physical development of the 

11 next generation and hinder education, health, eco12 nomics and security. 

13 (2) More than 870,000,000 people worldwide 

14 suffer from chronic food insecurity. Food insecurity 

15 and malnutrition in developing countries forces tens 

16 of millions of people into poverty, contributes to po17 litical and social instability, erodes economic growth, 

18 and undermines United States foreign assistance in19 vestments in areas including basic education, global 


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1 health, environmental protection, and democratic in2 stitutions. 

3 (3) According to the March 2013 Worldwide 

4 Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Commu5 nity, food insecurity is a worldwide threat: ‘‘Growing 

6 food insecurity in weakly governed countries could 

7 lead to political violence and provide opportunities 

8 for existing insurgent groups to capitalize on poor 

9 conditions, exploit international food aid, and dis10 credit governments for their inability to address 

11 basic needs’’. 

12 (4) In the next 30 years, as the world’s popu13 lation increases to nine billion people, agricultural 

14 productivity will need to double to keep pace with 

15 demand. Countries that are major agricultural ex16 porters have greatly enhanced productivity over the 

17 past two decades, but many developing countries 

18 with good potential to improve their agricultural 

19 economies have not. Improving agricultural produc20 tivity in those countries in a sustainable and equi21 table manner will increase world food supplies and 

22 accelerate economic growth and incomes, while pre23 serving natural habitat and resources. 

24 (5) Malnutrition remains one of the world’s 

25 most pressing and costly problems—close to 


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1 200,000,000 children are chronically malnourished. 

2 Undernutrition is responsible for 45 percent of child 

3 deaths, and eleven percent of the total global disease 

4 burden is attributable to maternal and child under5 nutrition. According to the Lancet more than 1 in 

6 4 of the world’s children is stunted. Stunting leads 

7 to serious, often irreversible physical and cognitive 

8 damage. 

9 (6) Reducing maternal and child malnutrition, 

10 especially during the 1,000 days between pregnancy 

11 and age 2, is critical to increasing child survival, im12 proving cognitive and physical development, and 

13 strengthening the immune system to bolster resist14 ance to disease. 

15 (7) Many pregnant women living in developing 

16 countries cannot access nutrition services until the 

17 fifth or sixth month of their pregnancies, leading to 

18 children born small for their gestational age. For 

19 this reason, improving the nutritional status of 

20 women and adolescent girls before and during preg21 nancy is vitally important. 

22 (8) The greatest potential for achieving in23 creased food and nutrition security for people in 

24 rural areas and augmenting world food production 

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1 tural capacity, resilience, sustainability and produc2 tivity of smallholder farmers. Farmers should be ac3 tively engaged at all stages of education, 

4 participatory research and extension processes. 

5 (9) The most promising and scalable gains in 

6 smallholder agriculture production will come from 

7 the delivery of seed, fertilizer, and basic farmer ex8 tension education on farming techniques, such as 

9 row planting of crops. 

10 (10) According to the World Bank, growth in 

11 the agricultural sector has been twice as effective in 

12 reducing poverty as growth in other sectors. In sub13 Saharan Africa agriculture contributes about 35 per14 cent of the total gross national product (GNP). Ap15 proximately 75 percent of the workforce in sub-Sa16 haran Africa is engaged in the agricultural sector 

17 and three out of five of those suffering from hunger 

18 are rural, small-scale agriculturists. Thus, nutrition, 

19 agriculture and rural development strategies must 

20 include engagement of and provision of assistance to 

21 smallholder producers. Interventions to enhance ag22 ricultural productivity, conserve natural resources, 

23 and provide linkages to services, inputs, financing 

24 and markets for smallholder agricultural producers 

25 is an effective means of increasing and diversifying 


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1 food supplies, improving incomes and preserving nat2 ural habitat. 

3 (11) Agriculture development to increase the 

4 yield, biodiversity and resilience of smallholder farm5 ers is an efficient engine of sustainable economic 

6 growth, and benefits these farmers’ education, in7 come, and health. 

8 (12) Agriculture is essential for economic 

9 growth, comprising large portions of the total labor 

10 force in many developing countries. The agricultural 

11 sector is as high as 70 to 80 percent in sub-Saharan 

12 Africa, where nearly one-half of the world’s food in13 secure live. In this region agriculture also contrib14 utes about 35 percent of the total gross national 

15 product (GNP). 

16 (13) Post-harvest losses can waste 40 percent 

17 of agriculture products and negatively impact nutri18 tional content of crops. A renewed focus on reducing 

19 post-harvest losses is needed to meet the goal of in20 creasing income generation from agricultural pro21 duction. 

22 (14) Women produce as much as 80 percent of 

23 food in sub-Saharan Africa, but have access to less 

24 than 10 percent of land, credit, and extension serv25 ices. Women comprise 43 percent of the agricultural 


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1 labor workforce in developing countries. They make 

2 up a large proportion of smallholder farmers, includ3 ing 80 percent in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, 

4 and face unique challenges and heightened vulner5 ability to food and nutrition insecurity. Increasing 

6 women’s leadership, incomes, and access to food 

7 benefits the entire household as women are more 

8 likely to share these resources with family members. 

9 (15) The International Food Policy Research 

10 Institute (IFPRI) and others have documented 

11 growing numbers of acquisitions and lease agree12 ments of millions of acres of land in Africa, Latin 

13 America, and Central and Southeast Asia by private 

14 investors and foreign governments. These land ac15 quisitions may threaten global food and nutrition se16 curity and agricultural development, increase polit17 ical unrest, and deepen local poverty in developing 

18 nations unless adequate legal and procedural mecha19 nisms are in place and functioning to protect the 

20 rights and welfare of people who depend on agri21 culture for their livelihood. 

22 (16) The accelerating loss and degradation of 

23 natural ecosystems in developing countries and 

24 changing long-term weather patterns undermine and 

25 impact efforts to improve sustainable agricultural 


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1 production. According to the World Bank, changing 

2 weather patterns could reduce yields in some devel3 oping countries by as much as 50 percent. This 

4 could leave millions more children undernourished. 

5 (17) A comprehensive approach to long-term 

6 food security and agricultural development should 

7 encompass improvements in agricultural education, 

8 agricultural productivity, agricultural extension, nu9 trition, household incomes, rural infrastructure, fi10 nance and markets, safety net programs, job cre11 ation, research and technology, emergency relief, 

12 global health and the environment. 

13 SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 

14 In this Act: 

15 (1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis16 trator’’ means the Administrator of the United 

17 States Agency for International Development. 

18 (2) AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.—The term 

19 ‘‘agricultural development’’ means methods to use 

20 agriculture as a basis for food and nutrition secu21 rity, family livelihood, and economic growth by in22 creasing the productivity of those involved in the cul23 tivation of food, fuel, and fiber, conserving the envi24 ronment and natural resources, and improving the 

25 economic livelihoods of those involved, including 


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1 farmers, fishers, foresters, and pastoralists, particu2 larly those that operate on a small scale, and linking 

3 them and their products to markets, including post4 harvest activities such as storage, processing, trans5 port, and improving market efficiency. 

6 (3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT7 TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com8 mittees’’ means— 

9 (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 

10 and the Committee on Appropriations of the 

11 Senate; and 

12 (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 

13 the Committee on Appropriations of the House 

14 of Representatives. 

15 (4) CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY.—The term 

16 ‘‘chronic food insecurity’’ means ongoing and per17 sistent lack of access to sufficient food to meet die18 tary needs for an active and healthy life. 

19 (5) ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.—The term ‘‘eco20 system services’’ means natural goods, services, and 

21 processes that the environment provides and on 

22 which people depend and from which they benefit, 

23 such as pollination, water cycles and regulation, pest 

24 control, and soil formation. 


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1 (6) EXTREME POVERTY.—The term ‘‘extreme 

2 poverty’’ means income of less than one-half of the 

3 poverty level as defined by the International Bank 

4 for Reconstruction and Development for the relevant 

5 year. 

6 (7) FOOD SECURITY.—The term ‘‘food secu7 rity’’ means the condition of having, at all times, ac8 cess to nutritious, affordable, sufficient, and safe 

9 food to maintain a healthy and active life. 

10 (8) MALNUTRITION.—The term ‘‘malnutrition’’ 

11 means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional 

12 deficiency or excess. 

13 (9) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘‘resilience’’ means 

14 the ability of people, households, communities, coun15 tries and systems to mitigate, adapt to, recover 

16 from, and withstand events that result in social dis17 ruption and economic hardship. 

18 (10) RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 

19 ‘‘rural infrastructure’’— 

20 (A) means public and private facilities and 

21 services necessary for agricultural production 

22 and other activities in non-urban (rural) areas; 

23 and 

24 (B) includes roads or other means of 

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1 tion, rural electrification, communication tech2 nology, financial services, storage, warehousing, 

3 and processing facilities needed for increasing 

4 agricultural production and linking producers to 

5 markets, including policies and regulations of 

6 such sectors in addition to physical infrastruc7 ture. 

8 (11) SMALLHOLDER.—The term ‘‘smallholder’’ 

9 refers to farmers with a low asset base, limited re10 sources including land, capital, skills and labor, and 

11 farming less than 5 hectares of land. 

12 (12) STRATEGY.—The term ‘‘strategy’’ means 

13 the United States Comprehensive Global Food Secu14 rity strategy outlined in section 102. 

15 (13) STUNTED; STUNTING.—The terms ‘‘stunt16 ed’’ and ‘‘stunting’’ mean a condition— 

17 (A) of being too short for one’s age, with 

18 a height-to-age ratio that is more than 2 stand19 ard deviations below the median for the popu20 lation; 

21 (B) caused by poor diet and frequent infec22 tions, occurring before age 2, and is a sign of 

23 chronic malnutrition; and 


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1 (C) leading to long-term poor health, de2 layed motor development, and impaired cog3 nitive function and decreased immunity. 

4 (14) UNDERNUTRTITON.—The term ‘‘under5 nutrition’’— 

6 (A) means several outcomes of insufficient 

7 food intake, such as being underweight for 

8 one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), 

9 dangerously thin for one’s height (wasted), or 

10 deficient in vitamins and minerals (micro11 nutrient malnutrition); and 

12 (B) can be identified by anthropometric in13 dices (underweight, stunting, and wasting) or 

14 by the missing micronutrients in poor-quality 

15 diets. 

16 (15) VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES.—The term 

17 ‘‘Voluntary Guidelines’’ means the Voluntary Guide18 lines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, 

19 Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National 

20 Food Security, adopted with the leadership of the 

21 United States throughout the negotiation process, in 

22 May 2012 at the Special 38th Session of the United 

23 Nations Committee on Global Food Security. The 

24 objective of the Voluntary Guidelines is to improve 

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1 efit of all, with an emphasis on vulnerable and 

2 marginalized people. 

3 (16) WASTING.—The term ‘‘wasting’’, with re4 spect to an individual, means the condition of weigh5 ing too little for such individual’s height. Wasting 

6 indicates both long- and short-term nutritional dep7 rivation. Wasting is a traumatic process of substan8 tial weight loss that is usually associated with star9 vation or serious disease. Wasting is calculated by 

10 comparing a child’s weight-for-height with those of 

11 a reference population of well-nourished and healthy 

12 children. Because wasting is strongly related to mor13 tality, wasting rates are often used to indicate the 

14 severity of hunger emergencies. 

15 TITLE I—POLICY OBJECTIVES, 

16 PLANNING AND COORDINATION 

17 SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 

18 It is the policy of the United States to assist foreign 

19 countries in achieving food and nutrition security by in20 creasing sustainable and equitable agricultural production, 

21 improving nutrition, and strengthening agricultural value 

22 chains, with a focus on smallholder farmers, in order to 

23 reduce global hunger, malnutrition and poverty, promote 

24 rural development, and improve the nutritional status of 

25 all people. 


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1 SEC. 102. COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 

2 STRATEGY. 

3 (a) SPECIAL COORDINATOR.—The President shall 

4 designate an individual to serve in the Executive Office 

5 of the President as the Special Coordinator for Food, Nu6 trition and Agricultural Development. The coordinator 

7 shall— 

8 (1) advise the President on global food security, 

9 nutrition security, and agricultural development; 

10 (2) take such actions as are necessary to ensure 

11 the coordination of programs of the United States 

12 related to global food security, nutrition security, 

13 and agricultural development efforts, including those 

14 resulting from contributions to multilateral organiza15 tions and nongovernmental organizations; 

16 (3) make recommendations regarding the staff17 ing needs and necessary qualifications and expertise 

18 of staff needed to swiftly and effectively carry out 

19 the strategy described in subsection (c); 

20 (4) establish a mechanism for regular consulta21 tion with representatives of Federal departments 

22 and agencies, multilateral institutions, private vol23 untary organizations, cooperatives, the private sec24 tor, and other nongovernmental organizations to de25 velop the strategy described in subsection (c) and to 

26 consult on methodologies, conditions in targeted 


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1 countries, progress towards goals and other relevant 

2 information about needs and interventions; and 

3 (5) oversee the development and implementa4 tion of the strategy described in subsection (c). 

5 (b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The United States Agency 

6 for International Development shall be the lead agency in 

7 implementing the strategy described in subsection (c). 

8 (c) CONTENT OF STRATEGY.—The strategy described 

9 in this subsection is a comprehensive food security, nutri10 tion security, and agricultural development strategy that 

11 shall— 

12 (1) recognize food security and nutrition as es13 sential contributors to global development, health, 

14 peace and stability; 

15 (2) reflect a whole-of-government approach that 

16 incorporates and encompasses the programs of rel17 evant Federal departments and agencies that engage 

18 in some aspect of food security, nutrition security, 

19 agricultural development, and international health, 

20 including the Department of State, the United 

21 States Agency for International Development, the 

22 Peace Corps, the Department of Agriculture, the 

23 Department of Defense, the Department of Interior, 

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1 ment of the Treasury, and the Office of the United 

2 States Trade Representative; 

3 (3) integrate and coordinate the stages of emer4 gency food aid and long-term development programs 

5 to more effectively reduce hunger, improve nutrition, 

6 improve health, and build economic capacity and re7 silience among food insecure populations, especially 

8 for smallholder farmers; 

9 (4) increase and improve agricultural produc10 tion and availability, access, utilization, and stability 

11 of food among women and smallholder farmers in 

12 order to decrease poverty and hunger, improve 

13 health, and prevent stunting, as the most direct 

14 means for achieving household food and nutrition se15 curity; 

16 (5) increase the yield and capacity of 

17 smallholder farmers, through access to seed and fer18 tilizer, assistance for sustainable agricultural pro19 duction, village-level farming groups, farmer-to20 farmer knowledge exchanges, agriculture value 

21 chains, agricultural extension agents, market access, 

22 innovative intellectual property frameworks, food 

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1 source management, improvements to land tenure, 

2 and rural infrastructure; 

3 (6) assist smallholder farmers in obtaining the 

4 resources, services, tools, and information they need 

5 including technology, financial services, seed vari6 eties, fertilizer, risk management, post-harvest stor7 age systems, water, soil conservation methods, eco8 logically appropriate nutrient, soil, water, seed and 

9 pest management, weather forecasting and projec10 tions in ways that assure gender equitable access; 

11 (7) prioritize research efforts that respond to 

12 the needs and priorities of smallholder farmers, in13 cluding farmer-driven research, recognize that re14 search must include both international and localized 

15 agricultural research and extension programs, and 

16 strive to build the educational capacity of 

17 smallholder farmers; 

18 (8) incorporate research efforts to better under19 stand causes of gender inequity in agriculture, and 

20 expand research in best practices in achieving nutri21 tion outcomes through agriculture, social protection, 

22 women’s empowerment and other sector programs; 

23 (9) build the resilience of smallholder farmers 

24 through agricultural extension services, village-level 

25 farmer groups, risk assessment and management 


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1 tools, such as micro-insurance, and dissemination of 

2 research to farmers, increase ability of smallholder 

3 farmers to access inputs, technology, and informa4 tion, to connect with markets, to engage in local and 

5 national planning, implementation, monitoring and 

6 evaluation regarding food and nutrition and related 

7 issues, to undertake new or diversified production 

8 while maintaining stable food supply, to be resilient 

9 in the face of shocks and stresses, and to respond 

10 to projected changes in weather patterns; 

11 (10) target investments in appropriate tech12 nologies and approaches to increase sustainable agri13 cultural production, improve post-harvest storage, 

14 enhance family livelihood and nutrition, stimulate 

15 broad-based economic growth, and improve access to 

16 local, regional, and international markets; 

17 (11) target research, development of new tech18 nologies, extension agents, and funding towards the 

19 goal of reducing post-harvest losses by 50 percent or 

20 more; 

21 (12) incorporate approaches directed at reduc22 ing hunger and malnutrition for people living in ex23 treme poverty and those most vulnerable to mal24 nutrition, especially pregnant and lactating women, 

25 children in their first 1,000 days, and children under 


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1 age 5, adolescent girls, communities in hard to reach 

2 areas, and marginalized populations, including avail3 ability, access, nutritional education, consumption 

4 and utilization of food, and delivery platforms such 

5 as community health workers; 

6 (13) recognize international food assistance pro7 grams as important to improving maternal and child 

8 health through improved nutrition among the poor9 est and most vulnerable populations, and focus on 

10 increasing their flexibility to increase program effi11 ciency, impact, and the number of people reached; 

12 (14) address the nutritional needs of pregnant 

13 and lactating mothers, children in their first 1,000 

14 days, children who have not attained the age of 5, 

15 and adolescent girls, and recognize the importance 

16 of prioritizing interventions, such as exclusive 

17 breast-feeding, complementary feeding practices, 

18 iron folate supplements, Vitamin A and zinc supple19 ments, good hygiene and other evidence-based inter20 ventions; 

21 (15) prioritize, support, and promote the cen22 tral role of women in agricultural production and re23 lated activities, including in household, local, and na24 tional decision-making processes, in the countries of 

25 operation; ensure programs and approaches address 


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1 the special needs of women farmers, women living in 

2 poverty, and the needs of all people who are 

3 agriculturalists, pastoralists, or otherwise engaged in 

4 agriculture-related enterprises; ensure use of gender 

5 analysis to enable identification of barriers and rel6 evant interventions to address gender inequality; 

7 (16) uphold and promote the principle of free, 

8 prior, and informed consent in relation to land ac9 cess and use rights; monitor and document the trend 

10 of large scale land acquisitions and lease agreements 

11 in developing countries; promote global standards of 

12 transparency for large international land deals; 

13 (17) expand and prioritize United States assist14 ance programs that strengthen land management in 

15 developing countries and actively support efforts to 

16 develop guidelines and support applications of land 

17 governance tools; 

18 (18) include and provide appropriate linkages 

19 with existing United States international water, en20 ergy, forest, weather and biodiversity programs; in21 clude assessment and monitoring of the effects of 

22 global changing weather patterns; prioritize the en23 hancement of natural resources and ecosystem resil24 ience and the reduction of negative environmental 

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1 able natural resource management practices includ2 ing building local capacity and transferring skills 

3 and knowledge; 

4 (19) ensure inclusion and consideration of as5 sessments and projections of the impacts of chang6 ing weather patterns on program priorities, objec7 tives and beneficiaries; promote inclusion of local 

8 knowledge and perceptions of local conditions; 

9 prioritize the enhancement of human capacity to re10 spond to increasing extreme weather events and cur11 rent and projected changes in weather patterns; 

12 (20) prioritize the enhancement of natural re13 sources and ecosystem goods and services and the 

14 reduction of negative environmental impacts from 

15 agricultural activities through sustainable natural re16 source management practices including building 

17 local capacity and transferring skills and knowledge; 

18 (21) support capacity building of national gov19 ernments to administer safety net and social protec20 tion programs that connect, integrate and expand 

21 existing programs to meet food and nutrition secu22 rity objectives and target the chronically hungry and 

23 poor; 

24 (22) support national governments’ efforts to 

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1 tional nutrition plans, through community health 

2 workers and other approaches; 

3 (23) include specific, measurable metrics, goals, 

4 benchmarks, time frames, and a plan of action to 

5 achieve the objectives described in section 101; 

6 (24) with respect to such metrics shall include 

7 annual evaluation of improved nutritional status of 

8 women and children, prevalence of stunted children, 

9 prevalence of wasted children, prevalence of under10 weight women, prevalence of anemia among women 

11 and children, sustainable agricultural sector growth, 

12 changes in agricultural sector GDP, changes in rural 

13 income levels, changes in per capita expenditures in 

14 rural households, knowledge of smallholder farmers 

15 regarding effective farming practices, increased em16 powerment of women smallholder farmers, and num17 bers of beneficiaries reached; 

18 (25) provide for annual monitoring and evalua19 tions of programs that shall include gender analysis 

20 and gender disaggregated data and address progress 

21 toward improvements in emergency assistance, ac22 cess to food, availability of food, nutritional value of 

23 food, utilization of food, agricultural development, 

24 agricultural education, and capacity to manage risk 

25 among food insecure populations; 


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1 (26) include aggregated reporting of indicators 

2 such as increases in income, poverty reduction, agri3 cultural productivity and child stunting in order to 

4 clearly show the total impact of the United States 

5 investment in changing lives; 

6 (27) include community-level capacity building, 

7 agricultural extension services, enhancements to ag8 ricultural infrastructure and productivity; increased 

9 access to financial services and markets, research 

10 and technology, credit and markets, availability and 

11 functioning of local institutions serving rural com12 munities’ needs, such as farmer-owned cooperatives, 

13 safety net programs, job creation, household in14 comes, research and technology, global health and 

15 the environment; 

16 (28) utilize the expertise of private voluntary 

17 organizations and cooperatives, international organi18 zations, community-based organizations, faith-based 

19 organizations, and local administrators to improve 

20 the sustainability and productivity of agriculture, in21 crease access to markets, enhance infrastructure, 

22 promote economic opportunity, address food and nu23 trition security and agricultural development needs 

24 at the household and community level, and protect 


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1 the natural resource base on which rural, agricul2 tural communities depend; 

3 (29) ensure United States investments in pro4 moting food and nutrition security address key de5 terminants of food insecurity, particularly— 

6 (A) availability and access, through invest7 ments in agricultural productivity, value chains 

8 and market development, and equitable dis9 tribution of and control over productive re10 sources; 

11 (B) utilization of food, through a multi12 faceted approach to nutrition; and 

13 (C) stability, through ensuring that effec14 tive mechanisms are in place to address chronic 

15 and cyclical food insecurity; and 

16 (30) ensure and promote— 

17 (A) alignment with and support of the 

18 Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development 

19 Program and other recipient country and re20 gional strategies for addressing sustainable ag21 ricultural development; 

22 (B) coordination and integration of food 

23 and nutrition security programs between de24 partments and agencies described in paragraph 

25 (2) and between relevant bureaus within the 


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1 United States Agency for International Devel2 opment, including the Bureau of Food Security, 

3 the Bureau of Democracy, Conflict and Hu4 manitarian Affairs, the Bureau of Economic 

5 Growth, Education and the Environment, and 

6 the Bureau for Global Health; 

7 (C) inclusion of the resources of both pub8 lic, private sector, and local private sector pro9 viders of appropriate agriculture inputs, proc10 essors, and marketers, including through the 

11 Global Development Alliances of the United 

12 States Agency for International Development 

13 and other measures; 

14 (D) ensuring that private sector invest15 ments comply with the Voluntary Guidelines on 

16 Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, 

17 Fisheries, and Forests in the Context of Na18 tional Food Security regarding large-scale 

19 transactions; 

20 (E) consultation and coordination at na21 tional and local levels with local and inter22 national academic and research communities, 

23 civil society, representatives of small-scale food 

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1 national organizations, international financial 

2 institutions, the governments of developing and 

3 developed countries, and other program imple4 menters; 

5 (F) consultation with and engagement of 

6 local civil society, local communities, farmer 

7 groups and cooperatives, and women’s groups 

8 in inclusive planning processes as well as the 

9 implementation and monitoring and evaluation 

10 of programs; and 

11 (G) national government capacity to co12 ordinate food and nutrition security planning 

13 and programs across all relevant ministries and 

14 levels of government, including the ability to 

15 implement comprehensive plans and programs 

16 to scale up nutrition intervention and through 

17 linkages with complementary health, water and 

18 sanitation systems. 

19 SEC. 103. REPORTS. 

20 (a) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 

22 the date of the enactment of this Act, and not later 

23 than December 31 of each year thereafter through 

24 2019, the President shall submit to the appropriate 

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1 tation of the strategy described in section 102(c) 

2 and how it fulfills the policy objectives described in 

3 section 101. 

4 (2) CONTENT.—The report required under 

5 paragraph (1) shall include— 

6 (A) a copy of the strategy and an indica7 tion of any changes made in the strategy during 

8 the preceding calendar year; 

9 (B) an assessment of progress made dur10 ing the preceding calendar year toward meeting 

11 the objectives described in section 101 and the 

12 specific goals, benchmarks, and time frames 

13 specified in the strategy described in section 

14 102(c); 

15 (C) a description of United States Govern16 ment bilateral programs, and investments in 

17 multilateral institutions, contributing to the 

18 achievement of the objectives described in sec19 tion 101, including the amounts expended on 

20 such programs during the preceding fiscal year; 

21 (D) an assessment of United States efforts 

22 to encourage business and philanthropic partici23 pation in United States food and nutrition secu24 rity and agricultural development programs, 

25 and to coordinate, harmonize, and align such 


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1 programs with similar efforts of international 

2 organizations, international financial institu3 tions, the governments of developing and devel4 oped countries, and United States and inter5 national nongovernmental organizations; 

6 (E) an assessment of progress made and 

7 capacity gaps in implementing and institu8 tionalizing a comprehensive approach to food 

9 and nutrition security, including integration of 

10 cross-cutting issues such as gender, environ11 ment, and nutrition, through coordinating and 

12 integrating global food and nutrition security 

13 and agricultural development research activities 

14 with other United States bilateral and multilat15 eral development efforts in the areas of oper16 ation; 

17 (F) an assessment of land tenure rights 

18 and land purchases within each country and 

19 their consistency with the Voluntary Guidelines 

20 on Land Tenure; 

21 (G) a description of those countries with 

22 the greatest level of food insecurity, stunting, 

23 and malnutrition for the primary goal of in24 creasing food and nutrition security; and 


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1 (H) a transparent, open, and detailed 

2 budget of agriculture and food security spend3 ing and progress pertaining to the strategy de4 scribed in section 102(c). 

5 (3) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RE6 PORT.—Not later than 270 days after the submis7 sion of each report under paragraph (1), the Comp8 troller General of the United States shall submit to 

9 the appropriate congressional committees a report 

10 that contains— 

11 (A) a review of, and comments addressing, 

12 the report submitted under paragraph (1); and 

13 (B) recommendations relating to any addi14 tional actions the Comptroller General believes 

15 are important to improve a global food security, 

16 nutrition security, and agricultural development 

17 strategy and its implementation. 

18 (b) FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM REVIEW.— 

19 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after 

20 the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 

21 shall submit to the appropriate congressional com22 mittees a report containing— 

23 (A) an assessment of progress made dur24 ing the preceding 4 years toward meeting the 

25 objectives described in section 101 and the speVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:38 Jul 27, 2013 Jkt 029200 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H2822.IH H2822

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1 cific goals, benchmarks, and time frames speci2 fied in the strategy described in section 102(c); 

3 and 

4 (B) an evaluation of the impact during the 

5 preceding 5 years of United States food and nu6 trition security programs on food security, agri7 cultural development, nutrition, health, stunt8 ing, water and soil health, biodiversity, and eco9 nomic growth in countries suffering from chron10 ic food insecurity. 

11 (2) BASIS FOR REPORT.—The report required 

12 under paragraph (1) shall be based on assessments 

13 and impact evaluations utilizing sound quantitative 

14 and qualitative methodologies and techniques used in 

15 the behavioral and social sciences, and shall incor16 porate the views of smallholder farmers in the recipi17 ent countries. 

18 (c) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.—Each report required 

19 under this section shall also be made available to the pub20 lic. 


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1 TITLE II—BILATERAL 

2 PROGRAMS 

3 SEC. 201. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND NU4 TRITION. 

5 (a) AUTHORITY.—Section 103(a)(1) of the Foreign 

6 Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a(a)(1)) is amend7 ed— 

8 (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and mal9 nutrition’’ and inserting ‘‘stunting, and malnutri10 tion’’; 

11 (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 

12 and inserting a semicolon; 

13 (3) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period 

14 at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

15 (4) by adding at the end the following new sub16 paragraphs: 

17 ‘‘(D) to improve nutrition of vulnerable 

18 populations, such as children under the age of 

19 5, women of reproductive age, pregnant or lac20 tating women, including through programs of 

21 nutrition and health improvement for mothers 

22 and children, including but not limited to 

23 breastfeeding and all other optimal infant and 

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1 dening and nutritional education linked to agri2 cultural extension; 

3 ‘‘(E) to expand the economic participation 

4 of women, people living in extreme poverty and 

5 those who lack access to agriculturally produc6 tive land, including but not limited to through 

7 development of rural infrastructure, disaster 

8 risk reduction, health and nutrition programs, 

9 access to local and international markets, and 

10 by integration of those living in extreme poverty 

11 into the economy; 

12 ‘‘(F) to improve smallholder farmers’ agri13 cultural productivity, income, education, capac14 ity, and ability to manage risk including but not 

15 limited to through the expansion and improve16 ment of agricultural and food enterprises, ac17 cess to seed, fertilizer, and extension agents, 

18 farmer to farmer exchanges, cooperatives and 

19 associations focused on increasing the produc20 tivity and incomes of these farmers through the 

21 transfer of skills and knowledge; and through 

22 the enhancement of access to information, re23 sources, tools, equipment, seeds, technology, 

24 and planning and decisionmaking processes; 


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1 ‘‘(G) to support natural resource manage2 ment, conservation management, sustainable 

3 water management and other sustainable agri4 cultural techniques to build resilience to shocks 

5 and stresses, adapt to changes in weather pat6 terns, and respond to projected changes in 

7 water shortages while protecting natural re8 sources; 

9 ‘‘(H) to promote global standards of trans10 parency for international land deals, strengthen 

11 programs to provide land tenure to inter12 national smallholder farmers, and actively sup13 port the principle of free, prior and informed 

14 consent in relation to land rights and access; 

15 and 

16 ‘‘(I) to use the best available metrics, 

17 measurements, and data analysis tools to mon18 itor, measure and evaluate effectiveness of such 

19 aid, with reduction in stunting, decrease in pov20 erty, and increase in smallholder farmers’ agri21 cultural production being key components of 

22 evaluating effectiveness.’’. 

23 (b) PRIORITY AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—Section 

24 103 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 


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1 2151a) is amended by adding at the end the following new 

2 subsection: 

3 ‘‘(h) PRIORITY AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—In 

4 providing assistance under this section, the President shall 

5 meet the following priority and other requirements: 

6 ‘‘(1) Assistance under this section shall be used 

7 primarily for activities that are specifically designed 

8 to meet the purposes described in subsection (a)(1), 

9 including such activities as— 

10 ‘‘(A) expansion and improvement of agri11 cultural and food enterprises, cooperatives and 

12 associations that can increase the productivity 

13 and incomes of the poor in part through the 

14 transfer of skills and knowledge; 

15 ‘‘(B) linking farmers, entrepreneurs, enter16 prises and institutions in poor areas with re17 gional and national businesses, institutions and 

18 systems; 

19 ‘‘(C) providing access to markets, inputs, 

20 financing, extension services, and appropriate 

21 technologies for the rural poor; 

22 ‘‘(D) expansion of rural infrastructure and 

23 utilities such as farm-to-market roads, water 

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1 age facilities, and energy, specifically renewable 

2 energy whenever practicable; 

3 ‘‘(E) establishment of more equitable and 

4 more secure land tenure and resource rights ar5 rangements; and 

6 ‘‘(F) creation and strengthening of systems 

7 to provide other services and supplies needed by 

8 farmers, such as extension, research, training, 

9 financing, fertilizer, water, forestry, soil con10 servation, and improved seed, in ways which as11 sure gender equitable access to such services 

12 and supplies by small farmers. 

13 ‘‘(2) In circumstances in which development of 

14 major infrastructure is necessary to achieve the pur15 poses of subsection (a), assistance for those purposes 

16 may only be provided under this section in associa17 tion with significant contributions from other coun18 tries working together in a multilateral framework. 

19 Infrastructure projects so assisted should be environ20 mentally sensitive and complemented by other meas21 ures to ensure that the benefits of the infrastructure 

22 projects reach the poor. 

23 ‘‘(3) Where appropriate to meet the purposes of 

24 subsection (a), assistance shall be provided under 

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1 system goods and services in developing countries. 

2 Such assistance shall include the protection of wa3 tersheds and soil, sustainable agricultural, forest, 

4 fisheries, and agro-forest management, and the pro5 vision of alternative household fuels that reduce de6 mand for and emissions from the combustion of local 

7 forest resources.’’. 

8 (c) PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND CO9 OPERATIVES.—In providing assistance under section 103 

10 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a) 

11 for purposes described in subparagraphs (D) through (I) 

12 of section 103(a)(1) of such Act, as added by subsection 

13 (a) of this section, the President shall enter into partner14 ships with and provide grants, cooperative agreements, 

15 and other assistance to private voluntary organizations 

16 and cooperatives to mobilize and assist low-income popu17 lations. 

18 SEC. 202. AGRICULTURAL AND NUTRITION RESEARCH. 

19 Section 103A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 

20 (22 U.S.C. 2151a–1) is amended in the first sentence— 

21 (1) by striking ‘‘, and (3) make’’ and inserting 

22 ‘‘, (3) make’’; and 

23 (2) by striking the period at the end and insert24 ing ‘‘, (4) include research, including farmer-driven 

25 research, on technological advances appropriate to 


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1 local ecological condition, culture, and the desires, 

2 needs, and priorities of the local communities, and 

3 (5) include research on the effects and ways to ad4 dress the effects of changing weather patterns on 

5 agriculture and nutrition and the measures or tech6 niques necessary to enhance the capacity of local 

7 communities to adapt to observed or anticipated ef8 fects through conservation management and other 

9 techniques.’’. 

Æ 


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