CHAPTER 7. P RODUCT P RICE D ETERMINATION

T ABLE O F C ONTENTS

7 .1 INTRODUCTION

................................... ........................................................................ 7­1

7 .2 METHODOLOGY

.................................... ...................................................................... 7­1

7 .2.1 End­User P roduct P rice................................................................................................. 7­1

7 .2.2 Sales Ta x....................................................................................................................... 7­3

7 .3 PRODUCT P RICE D ETERMINATION RESULTS

...................................................... 7­4

7 .3.1 End­User P rices f or G eneral S ervice F luorescent L amps............................................. 7­4

7 .3.2 End­User P rices f or I ncandescent R eflector L amps

..................................................... 7­6

7 .3.3 Sales Ta x R esults

.......................................................................................................... 7­7

R EFERENCES

............................................................................................................................ 7­9

L IST O F T ABLES

Ta ble 7 .2.1 State a nd L ocal S ales Ta x R ates.............................................................................. 7­4

Ta ble 7 .3.1 End­User P rices f or T1 2 F our­Foot M edium B ipin G SFL...................................... 7­5

Ta ble 7 .3.2 End­User P rices f or T8 4­Foot M edium B ipin G SFL

............................................. 7­5

Ta ble 7 .3.3 End­User P rices f or T1 2 Ei ght­Foot S ingle P in S limline G SFL............................. 7­5

Ta ble 7 .3.4 End­User P rices f or T8 Eight­Foot S ingle P in S limline.......................................... 7­6

Ta ble 7 .3.5 End­User P rices f or T1 2 Ei ght­Foot R ecessed D ouble C ontact H igh O utput

G SFL.................................................................................................................... 7­6

Ta ble 7 .3.6 End­User P rices f or T8 Eight­Foot R ecessed D ouble C ontact H igh O utput

G SFL.................................................................................................................... 7­6

Ta ble 7 .3.7 End­User P rices f or P AR38 I RL

............................................................................. 7­7

Ta ble 7 .3.8 End­User P rices f or P AR30 I RL

............................................................................. 7­7

Ta ble 7 .3.9 Regional A verage Ta x R ates

............ ....................................................................... 7­8

7 ­iCHAPTER 7. P RODUCT P RICE D ETERMINATION

7 .1 I NTRODUCTION

Th is c hapter d escribes t he m ethodology t he U .S. D epartment o f En ergy ( DOE) followed

i n d eveloping s ales t ax a nd e nd­user p rices f or l amps a nd b allasts c onsidered i n t he r ulemaking

a nalysis f or g eneral s ervice f luorescent l amps ( GSFL) a nd i ncandescent r eflector l amps ( IRL).

Th is c hapter a lso provides i nitial r esults f or l amp a nd b allast e nd­user p rices a nd s ales t ax.

I n e nergy c onservation s tandard r ulemakings, DOE o ften d evelops c ost­efficiency

r elationships i n t he e ngineering a nalysis. Th en, D OE a pplies m arkups t o d erive e nd­user p rices.

F or t his l amps r ulemaking, D OE ob tained e nd­user p rice s chedules f or t he v ast m ajority o f l amp

a nd b allast d esigns a nalyzed. Th erefore, i nstead o f e stimating c osts i n t he e ngineering a nalysis

a nd m arking t hem up to d erive e nd­user p rices, DOE d erived e fficacy l evels i n t he e ngineering

a nalysis a nd e nd­user p rices i n t he p roduct p rice d etermination. B y c ombining t he r esults o f t he

e ngineering a nalysis a nd t he p roduct p rice d etermination, D OE d erived t ypical i nputs f or u se i n

t he l ife c ycle c ost ( LCC) a nalysis a nd t he n ational i mpact a nalysis ( NIA). I n p articular, D OE

d eveloped l amp d esigns t hat h ave e nd­user p rices a nd a re a ssociated w ith a candidate s tandard

l evel ( CSL).

7 .2 M ETHODOLOGY

Th e e nd­user p rice i s t he a verage p rice a consumer p ays b efore s ales ta x. D OE ob tained

p ublic e nd­user p rice s chedules f rom d istributors, S tate c ontracts, and o ther p ublicly a vailable

i nformation s ources. I n a ddition, D OE ob tained c opies o f s uggested r etail a nd l arge­user p rice

l ists ( sometimes r eferred t o a s “ blue b ooks”) f rom m anufacturers, and d istributor p ricing f or

c ommercial, i ndustrial a nd i nstitutional b uyers. D istributor p ricing r efers t o t he p rice t hat a

distributor w ould p ay. D OE u sed t hese p ricing s ources t o d erive e nd­user p rices.

To account f or v ariability i n p ricing, D OE e stimated t hree e nd­user p rices p er l amp.

D OE a pplied s ales t ax t o e ach e nd­user p rice. Th en, D OE a pplied i nstallation c osts, where

n ecessary, t o d erive t otal i nstalled c osts, which a re u sed i n t he L CC a nd N IA. Th e l ife c ycle c ost

a nalysis i n C hapter 8 details i nstallation a nd t otal c osts.

7 .2.1 End­User Pr oduct P rice

S tarting f rom a consistent s et o f p rices i n t he b lue b ooks, DOE l ooked a t p ublicly

a vailable p rices i n S tate p rocurement c ontracts, at l arge e lectrical s upply d istributors, homeimprovement/hardware s tores, and o ther s ources o f pub licly a vailable e nd­user p rices s uch a s

I nternet r etailers. I n i ts r eview of p ublicly a vailable m arket p rices, DOE ob served a range o f

e nd­user p rices p aid f or a lamp, d epending o n t he d istribution c hannel t hrough w hich i t i s

p urchased a nd t he v olume a t w hich i t i s p urchased. D OE ob served t hat S tate p rocurement

c ontracts t ypically o ffered a discount o f a round 7 0 t o 9 0 p ercent o ff t he b lue b ook. I n t he v ast

m ajority o f i nstances, these d iscounts a pply u niformly t o a ll p roducts o n a price s chedule

i rrespective o f t he v olume o f a particular l amp. C onsumer p rices w ere g enerally h igher a t

7 ­1Internet r etailers, electrical s upply d istributors, a nd h ome­improvement/hardware s tores.

F urthermore, t hese c hannels u sually a pply d ifferent d iscounts t o l amps d epending o n s ales

v olume. S ince m any h igh e fficacy l amps a re “ niche” p roducts, DOE ob served t hat t hey w ere

g enerally l ess d iscounted t han c ommodity l amps.

I n l ine w ith i ts ob servation o f p ublic p ricing, D OE d eveloped t hree s ets o f d iscounts f rom

t he b lue b ooks, representing t he r ange o f l ow, m edium, a nd h igh l amp p rices f or a ll t hree

c ategories o f l amps. F or I RL, c ommercially a vailable p roducts d id n ot s pan t he f ull r ange o f

e fficacies c onsidered. F or t hose l amps f or w hich c ommercial p ricing w as u navailable, D OE

e xtrapolated p ricing f rom a vailable l amps. S ubsections 7 .2.1.1 through 7 .2.1.3 describe t he

d evelopment o f l ow, m edium a nd h igh p rices s pecific t o e ach l amp t ype.

D OE ob served t hat h igher e fficacy l amps r eceive h igher m arkups ( i .e

., lower d iscounts

o ff o f t he b lue b ook l ist p rice) t han m ore c ommon, l ower e fficacy p roduct. H owever, D OE

r ecognizes t hat t hat o nce a n e nergy c onservation s tandard i s e nacted, t he h igher e fficacy l amps

w ill b ecome t he c ommodity p roduct. Th erefore, t o r eflect f uture c ommoditization o f h igher

e fficacy l amps w hen t hey b ecome t he m inimum c omplying p roducts, DOE a pplied t he s ame

d iscount o ff o f t he b lue b ook l ist p rice t o d erive l ow, m edium, a nd h igh p rices f or h igher e fficacy

a nd l ower e fficacy l amps. ( Baseline i ncandescent la mps r eceived a slightly l arger d iscount, a s

S tate p rocurement c ontracts r eflect).

F or s mall d iameter I RL ( i .e. P AR30), D OE a ccounted f or t he f uture c ommoditization o f

l amps u nder a n e nergy c onservation s tandard b y u sing t he i ncremental p ricing o f l arger d iameter

I RL ( i .e.

, PAR38). D OE’s r esearch i ndicated t hat t he m arket f or h igh e fficiency l arger d iameter

I RL i s w ell d eveloped c ompared t o t he h igh e fficacy s mall d iameter I RL m arket. I n a ddition,

b oth s mall a nd l arger d iameters I RL u se t he s ame f undamental t echnologies. Th erefore, by u sing

t he i ncremental p ricing o f l arge d iameter I RL t o d evelop pricing f or s mall d iameter I RL, D OE i s

a

ble t o a ccount f or t he c ommoditization o f h igh e fficacy r esidential I RL u nder a n e nergy

c onservation s tandard.

O nce D OE c alculated e nd­user p rices, DOE a dded s ales t ax a nd, w here a ppropriate,

i nstallation c osts, to d erive t he t otal, i nstalled e nd­user c ost. D OE u sed t he m edium l amp p rices

f or t he r eference c ase i n t he L CC, a nd a nalyzed l ow a nd h igh l amp p rices t o a scertain t he i mpact

o f t hese o ther p rice p oints ( see C hapter 8 ). I n t he N IA ( Chapter 1 0), D OE u sed o nly t he m edium

p rices. D OE a lso d eveloped a single a verage e nd­user p rice f or t he n ew and r eplacement b allasts

u sed a nd f or t he r eflector c ompact f luorescent l amps ( CFL) a nd a 65W B R30 l amp a nalyzed i n

t he N IA; D OE a dded s ales t ax a nd i nstallation c osts to e ach. R esults f or p ricing i mpactsof C FL,

t he 6 5W B R30 l amp, a nd b allasts a re a vailable i n A ppendix 7 A.

7 .2.1.1 General S ervice F luorescent L amps

To develop low­range p rices f or G SFL, D OE c alculated a discount o ff t he b lue b ook

c onsistent w ith p rices f ound i n S tate p rocurement c ontracts. D OE m irrored t he p rocurement

d iscount s chedule b y u sing a constant d iscount a cross l amp e fficacies. A s n oted a bove, D OE

b elieves t hat t his d iscount s chedule r eflects c urrently a vailable p ricing a nd t akes i nto a ccount

c ommoditization o f s tandards­compliant l amps. C onsistent w ith S tate p rocurement c ontracts,

7 ­2DOE a ssumed t hat t hese l ow­range p rices i nclude a distributor m arkup but n o c ontractor m arkup.

A s s uch, t his i s a lower b ound o f p ricing t hat a ssumes t he m ost f avorable c onditions.

F or m edium­range p rices, D OE d iscounted t he b lue b ook p rice c onsistent w ith t he

d istributor p ricing D OE r eceived. Th is r epresents a typical d iscount f or c ommercial i nstitutions

o n h igh v olume ( commodity) l amps. A gain, D OE u sed a single d iscount a cross e fficacies. D OE

a dded a contractor m arkup o f 1 3 p ercent s o t hat t he r esulting p rice w ould e ncompass b oth a

contractor a nd d istributor m arkup. D OE ob tained t his c ontractor m arkup estimate f rom t he

th 1 Ballast R ule p ublished o n S eptember 1 9 , 2 000. 6 5 F R 5 6740.

For t he h igh­range p rices, D OE d educed d iscounts o n commodity l amps f rom b lue b ook

p rices f or s mall q uantity p urchasers b y ob serving I nternet p ricing a nd ob taining d istributor

q uotes. Th ese p rices a lso e ncompass b oth a contractor a nd a distributor m arkup. D OE ob tained

d ata o n a ctual p rices f or a ll G SFL i t c onsidered i n t he a nalyses.

7 .2.1.2 Incandescent R eflector L amps

F or I RL, D OE m odeled t he r esidential a nd c ommercial markets a s b eing c omprised o f

p arabolic r eflector ( PAR)30 I RL a nd P AR38 I RL. D OE calculated t he l ow­range p rice f or l arge

d iameter I RL a s i t d id f or G SFL. D OE c ompared S tate p rocurement c ontracts t o b lue b ooks t o

d evelop an a verage d iscount. F or t he m edium­range p rice, D OE d iscounted t he b lue b ook p rice

t o r epresent s hipment w eighted­average p rices c onsumers p aid f or c ommonly a vailable l amps.

F or t he h igh­range p rices, D OE d iscounted t he b lue b ook p rice s o t hat p rices a re i n l ine w ith

ob served I nternet p ricing.

F or P AR 3 0 I RL, D OE u sed a slight v ariation t o t he m ethodology f ollowed f or G SFL a nd

P AR 3 8 I RL. I n particular, t o d evelop the P AR30 b aseline l amp p rice, D OE u sed t he p rice

d ifferential b etween a n i ncandescent ( non­halogen) B R40 l amp a nd h alogen P AR38 l amp. D OE

a dded t his p rice d ifferential t o a incandescent ( non­halogen) B R30 l amp p rice t o ob tain t he

b aseline h alogen P AR30 l amp p rice. B y d eveloping p rices f or t he b aseline l amps f rom t he

i ncandescent r eplacement l amps ( BR 3 0 a nd B R 4 0 l amps), D OE i s r ecognizing t hat t he h ighvolume p roduct c urrently b eing s hipped m ay b e a lower­efficacy ( non­halogen) i ncandescent

l amp. Th erefore, basing p rices o ff o f t his l amp w ill m ost a ccurately r epresent t he

c ommoditization o f t he h alogen P AR 3 0 b y 2 012 ( the e ffective d ate o f t he a mended s tandard).

S imilarly f or h igher­efficacy l amp d esigns, DOE d eveloped a list p rice t o d iscount f rom b ased o n

t he i ncremental b lue b ook p rices o f P AR38 I RL. A s such, D OE a dded t he i ncremental e nd­user

b lue b ook p rice o f P AR38 l amps t o t he b aseline P AR30 l amp p rice t o d erive h igher­efficacy

P AR30 l amp l ist p rices. D OE c hose t his m ethodology f or P AR30 I RL b ecause f or P AR30

l amps, two o f t he s tandards­compliant l amps w ere n ot c ommercially a vailable. I n a ddition,

P AR30 l amps u se t he s ame f undamental t echnologies a s P AR38 l amps, which s erve a more

d eveloped m arket.

7 .2.2 Sales T ax

Th e s ales t ax r epresents S tate a nd l ocal s ales t axes a pplied t o t he e nd­user p roduct p rice.

I t i s a multiplicative f actor t hat i ncreases t he e nd­user p roduct p rice. D OE ob tained i nformation

2 on State a nd l ocal s ales t ax f rom t he S ales Ta x C learinghouse. Table 7 .2.1 shows t he r ates.

7 ­3These d ata r epresent w eighted a verages t hat i nclude c ounty a nd c ity r ates. D OE t hen c alculated

p opulation­weighted a verage t ax v alues f or e ach C ensus d ivision a nd f our l arge S tates.

D eveloping t his d istribution a llowed D OE t o c orrelate t he s ales t ax d istribution w ith t he

e lectricity p rice d istribution ( see C hapter 8 ), a nd t he op erating h our d istribution ( see C hapter 6 )

D OE u ses i n t he L CC s preadsheet. D OE a lso c alculated a national, population­weighted a verage

s ales t ax f or u se a s a single­value i nput t o t he L CC, s hould u sers w ant s ingle­average r esults.

3 DOE a lso u sed t his r esult i n t he N IA, w here D OE d id not u se a distribution o f i nputs.

Table 7 .2.1 State a nd L ocal S ales T ax R ates

State C ombined

S tate a nd

L ocal T ax

R ate

% State C ombined

S tate a nd

L ocal T ax

R ate

% State C ombined

S tate a nd

L ocal T ax

R ate

%

Alabama

A laska

A rizona

A rkansas

C alifornia

Colorado

C onnecticut

D elaware

D ist. Of C olumbia

Florida

G eorgia

Hawaii

Idaho

I llinois

Indiana

I owa

K ansas 8 .00

1 .25

7 .80

8 .00

7 .95

6 .20

6 .00

0 .00

5 .75

6 .70

6 .95

4 .40

6 .05

7 .60

6 .00

6 .60

7 .00 K entucky

L ouisiana

M aine

M aryland

M assachusetts

Michigan

M innesota

Mississippi

M issouri

M ontana

N ebraska

N evada

N ew H ampshire

N ew J ersey

N ew M exico

N ew Y ork

N orth Carolina 6 .00

8 .65

5 .00

5 .00

5 .00

6 .00

6 .70

7 .00

7 .00

0 .00

6 .35

7 .50

0 .00

6 .95

6 .60

8 .25

6 .80 N orth Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

O regon

P ennsylvania

Rhode I sland

S outh C arolina

S outh D akota

Tennessee

T exas

U tah

V ermont

V irginia

Washington

W est V irginia

Wisconsin

W yoming 5 .40

6 .75

8 .20

0 .00

6 .25

7 .00

6 .90

5 .15

9 .35

7 .95

6 .60

6 .05

5 .00

8 .45

6 .00

5 .40

5 .40

7.3 P RODUCT P RICE D ETERMINATION R ESULTS

S ections 7 .3.1 and 7 .3.2 present t he l ow­, m edium­, a nd h igh­range e nd­user p rices D OE

u sed t o a nalyze e ach l amp d esign i t c onsidered i n t he L CC a nd N IA. Th e p rices d o n ot i nclude

t ax. S ection 7 .3.3 provides t he s ales t axes D OE u sed i n i ts a nalyses.

7 .3.1 End­User Pr ices f or G eneral S ervice F luorescent L amps

Th e f ollowing t ables p resent t he e nd­user p rice r esults f or G SFL.

7 ­4Table 7 .3.1 End­User Pr ices f or T 12 F our­Foot M edium B ipin G SFL

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI* L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W** W hrs lm $ $ $

T12 4 0W B aseline 8 0.0 4 0 2 0,000 7 0 2 ,880 1 .41 2 .35 3 .28

T 12 3 4W B aseline 7 7.9 3 4 2 0,000 6 2 2 ,300 0 .89 1 .49 2 .09

1 82.5 4 0 2 0,000 8 0 3 ,000 2 .64 4 .41 6 .17

1 82.4 3 4 2 0,000 7 0 2 ,460 1 .58 2 .64 3 .70

2 85.0 4 0 2 4,000 8 0 3 ,060 3 .51 5 .86 8 .20

2 85.3 3 4 2 0,000 8 0 2 ,610 2 .90 4 .83 6 .76

3 90.0 4 0 2 4,000 8 5 3 ,250 3 .57 5 .95 8 .33

3 91.2 3 4 2 4,000 8 5 2 ,790 3 .50 5 .83 8 .16

* CRI

= color r endering in dex

* * l m/W

= lu mens per W att

Table 7 .3.2 End­User Pr ices f or T 8 4 ­Foot M edium B ipin G SFL

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W W hrs lm $ $ $

T8 3 2W B aseline/CSL

2 86.2 3 2.5 2 0,000 7 5 2 ,520 1 .03 1 .72 2 .41

3 90.8 3 2.5 2 0,000 8 2 2 ,710 1 .61 2 .69 3 .77

4 92.3 32.5 2 4,000 8 5 2 ,850 1 .69 2 .82 3 .95

4 95.0 3 0 1 8,000 8 2 2 ,680 1 .85 3 .09 4 .32

5 95.4 3 2.5 2 4,000 8 2 2 ,915 1 .99 3 .31 4 .63

5 97.3 2 8 1 8,000 8 2 2 ,560 1 .74 2 .9 4 .06

5 96.0 2 5 2 40,00 8 5 2 ,280 2 .56 4 .26 5 .96

Table 7 .3.3 End­User Pr ices f or T 12 E ight­Foot S ingle P in S limline G SFL

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W W hrs lm $ $ $

T12 7 5W B aseline 8 5.6 7 5 1 2,000 7 0 5 ,906 3 .28 5 .47 7 .66

1 87.3 7 5 1 2,000 8 0 6 ,157 5 .07 8 .45 1 1.83

T 12 6 0W B aseline/CSL 1 87.6 6 0.5 1 2,000 6 2 4 ,664 1 .93 3 .21 4 .49

2 92.0 7 5 1 5,000 8 0 6 ,370 5 .60 9 .34 1 3.07

2 92.6 6 0.5 1 2,000 7 0 5 ,152 3 .24 5 .40 7 .56

3 97.5 6 0.5 1 5,000 7 3 5 ,480 4 .20 7 .00 9 .80

7­5Table 7 .3.4 End­User Pr ices f or T 8 E ight­Foot S ingle P in S limline

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W W hrs lm $ $ $

T8 5 9W B aseline / CSL 3 94.8 6 0.1 1 5,000 7 5 5 ,130 2 .32 3 .87 5 .42

4 98.2 6 0.1 1 5,000 8 2 5 ,428 3 .55 5 .92 8 .28

5 101.5 6 0.1 1 8,000 8 5 5 ,795 4 .03 6 .72 9 .41

5 101.8 5 7 2 4,000 8 1 5 ,450 3 .66 6 .10 8 .54

5 103.6 5 5 1 8,000 8 2 5 ,415 3 .43 5 .72 8 .00

Table 7 .3.5 End­User Pr ices f or T 12 E ight­Foot R ecessed D ouble C ontact H igh O utput

G SFL

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W W hrs lm $ $ $

T12 1 10W B aseline 8 2.3 1 10 1 2,000 7 0 8 ,145 3 .86 6 .44 9 .02

T 12 9 5W B aseline 8 2.5 9 7 1 2,000 6 2 6 ,950 2 .23 3 .72 5 .20

1 85.5 1 10 1 2,000 8 0 8 ,648 7 .10 1 1.84 1 6.57

1 86.1 9 7 1 2,000 7 0 7 ,515 3 .95 6 .59 9 .22

2 87.6 9 7 1 2,000 8 0 7,650 7 .41 1 2.35 1 7.29

2 88.9 9 7 1 2,000 8 5 7 ,750 7 .59 1 2.64 1 7.70

Table 7 .3.6 End­User Pr ices f or T 8 E ight­Foot R ecessed D ouble C ontact H igh O utput

G SFL

Lamp L amp L amp M ean L amp L ow M edium H igh

C SL E fficacy P ower L ifetime C RI L ight O utput P rice P rice P rice

lm

/W W hrs lm $ $ $

3 91.9 8 6 2 4,000 7 8 7 ,100 3 .94 6 .57 9 .19

3 93.0 8 6 1 8,000 7 5 7 ,200 4 .03 6 .72 9 .41

4 95.3 8 6 1 8,000 8 6 7 ,800 4 .84 8 .07 1 1.30

7.3.2 End­User Pr ices f or I ncandescent R eflector L amps

W ithin t he r ange o f I RL l amp w attages a nalyzed, D OE ob served t hat l amp p rice d id n ot

v ary s ignificantly b y w attage. A s a result, D OE d id n ot v ary p rice b y w attage i n i ts a nalysis.

I n e stablishing b aseline I RL p rices, DOE n oted a difference i n t he b lue b ook p rices o f t he

l arge d iameter I RL a nd s mall d iameter I RL, t hough t hey b oth u se t he s ame t echnologies. D OE

i ncorporated t his ob servation i n i ts p ricing b y d iscounting t he t wo ob served b lue b ook p rices

s eparately, a nd m aintaining a price d ifferential i n t he b aselines o f t hose s ectors. A s n oted a bove,

f or P AR30 l amps, two l amp d esigns ( improved h alogen a nd H IR) w ere n ot c ommercially

a vailable. Th erefore D OE c ould n ot d irectly d iscount b lue b ook p rices f or t hese l amps.

H owever, P AR30 l amps u se t he s ame f undamental t echnologies a s P AR38 l amps—higher

e fficacy l amps c haracteristic o f t he c ommercial s ector t hat s erve a more d eveloped m arket. D OE

7 ­6was a ble t o d erive p rices f or h igher e fficacy P AR30 l amps b y a dding t he s ame i ncremental e nduser p rice f or t he P AR38 l amps.

Ta ble 7 .3.7 presents t he e nd­user p rice r esults f or t he t wo l amp s hapes i t c onsidered f or

t he c ommercial s ector. T able 7 .3.8 presents t he e nd­user p rice r esults f or t he t wo l amp s hapes i t

c onsidered f or t he r esidential s ector.

T able 7 .3.7 End­User Pr ices f or P AR38 I RL

Lamp L amp

4.07

4.18 Low M edium H igh L amp T ype C SL S hape L ifetime P rice P rice P rice

h rs $ $ $

Halogen P AR38 B aseline 2 ,500 3 .20 4 .80 6 .40

P AR38 C SL 1 3,000 6 .10 8 .13

P AR38 C SL 2 3,000 6 .26 8 .35 I mproved H alogen

H IR

I mproved H IR P AR38 C SL 3 4,000 5 .00 7 .50 1 0.00

Table 7 .3.8 End­User Pr ices f or P AR30 I RL

Lamp L amp L ow M edium H igh L amp T ype C SL S hape L ifetime P rice P rice P rice

h rs $ $

P AR30 B aseline 3 ,000 4 .23 5 .64

P AR30 C SL 1 3,000 5 .53 7 .38

P AR30 C SL 2 3,000 5 .70 7 .60 H alogen

I mproved H alogen

H IR

I mproved H IR P AR30 C SL 3 4,000 $

3.01

3 .88

3 .99

4.81 6 .93 9 .24

7.3.3 Sales T ax R esults

Ta ble 7 .3.9 shows t he d istribution o f s ales t ax r ates D OE d eveloped f or t he L CC a nd p ayback

p eriod ( PBP) a nalyses. Th e d istribution r anges f rom a m inimum o f z ero p ercent t o a maximum

o f 9 .35 p ercent w ith a weighted a verage v alue o f 6 .9 p ercent. D OE u sed t he a verage v alue o f 6 .9

percent i n t he N IA.

7 ­7Table 7 .3.9 Regional A verage T ax R ates

Division o r L arge S tate N ame D ivision W eighted S ales Tax ( % )

N ew E ngland 4 .98

M id Atlantic 6.54

E ast N orth Central 6 .56

W est N orth Central 6 .68

S outh A tlantic 6.03

E ast S outh C entral 7 .82

W est S outh C entral 8 .33

M ountain 6 .60

P acific 5.02

N ew Y ork S tate 8.25

C alifornia 7.95

T exas 7 .95

F lorida 6 .70

U .S. A verage 6 .90

7­8REFERENCES

1 U.S. D epartment o f En ergy­Office o f En ergy Ef ficiency a nd R enewable E nergy.

En ergy C onservation P rogram f or C onsumer P roducts: Te chnical S upport D ocument:

En ergy Ef ficiency S tandards f or C onsumer P roducts: F luorescent L amp B allast

P roposed R ule. J anuary, 2 000. W ashington, D .C.

h ttp://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/pdfs/chap3.pdf

2 Sales Ta x C learinghouse. Ag gregate S tate T ax Rates

. 2 007. ( Last a ccessed M ay 2 5,

2 007). h ttp://thestc.com/STrates.stm Th e M ay 2 5, 2 007 m aterial f rom t his w ebsite i s

a vailable i n D ocket # EE–2006–STD–0131. F or m ore i nformation, c ontact B renda

Ed wards J ones a t ( 202) 5 86 2 945.

3 U.S. C ensus B ureau: I nterim P rojections: R anking o f C ensus 2 000 a nd P rojected 2 030

S tate P opulation a nd C hange: 2 000 t o 2 030. M ay, 2 007. W ashington, D .C.

h ttp://www.census.gov/population/projections/PressTab1.xls

7 ­9