Filed 3/26/13 In re April A. CA4/1 

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS 

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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

DIVISION ONE 

STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

In re APRIL A., a Person Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law. 

SAN DIEGO COUNTY HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY, 

 Plaintiff and Respondent, 

 v. 

DULCE G. et al., 

 Defendants and Appellants. 

 D062401 

 (Super. Ct. No. EJ3303) 

 APPEALS from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Gary M. 

Bubis, Judge. Affirmed. 

 

 Dulce G. and Andres A. (the parents) appeal following the dispositional hearing in 

the dependency case of their daughter, April A. Dulce, joined by Andres, challenges the 

juvenile court's order removing April from Dulce's custody. We affirm. 

BACKGROUND 
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 The parents' history of domestic violence began before April was born. In 2008, 

when the parents' son Dominic was one year old, Dulce agreed to obtain a restraining 

order against Andres and have contact with him only for visitation purposes. The parents 

continued living together and the violence continued. In 2010, the San Diego County 

Health and Human Services Agency (the Agency) opened a dependency case for 

Dominic. April was born in April 2011, while the parents were receiving reunification 

services in Dominic's case. In April 2012, Dominic was returned to Dulce. Dulce lived 

with April and Dominic (the children) in the maternal grandmother's home. 

 On May 22, 2012, social worker Liliana Castillo interviewed Dominic. Dominic 

said he used to live in his grandmother's home, but now lived in his grandfather's home. 

Dominic slept on a sofa, and the parents slept in a bed with April. On Saturday the 

parents fought in the bathroom, and then Dulce emerged with blood on her arm. On 

Wednesday Dominic heard the parents use "bad words" and heard slapping noises. 

 Castillo interviewed the maternal grandmother. The maternal grandmother said 

that on Sunday May 20, 2012, Dominic seemed sad. When she asked him what was 

wrong, he said his parents had told him not to say anything. Dominic then revealed that 

Andres hit and kicked Dulce; that morning, Dominic heard Dulce struggling to breathe 

and asking Andres to let her go; and April cried. When the maternal grandmother 

confronted Dulce, Dulce accused Dominic of lying. The previous week, Dominic told 

the maternal grandmother that the parents argued in the bathroom and Dulce was 

bleeding when she came out. The maternal grandmother said Andres lived in the paternal 
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grandfather's home, and Dulce had moved out of the maternal grandmother's home and 

lived with Andres. 

 The maternal grandmother told Castillo she was concerned about a burn on April's 

leg. Castillo examined April and found extensive healing burn marks on her lower legs 

and feet. The maternal grandmother said that while babysitting the children, she noticed 

the burn marks and asked Dominic about them. Dominic said the parents told him not to 

talk about the matter, but eventually revealed that the parents put rubbing alcohol on 

April's legs, and it caught fire while the parents were trying to heat alcohol in a dish. 

When the maternal grandmother asked Dulce about the burns, Dulce said that while the 

parents were heating the alcohol, the alcohol on April's legs caught fire, and Dulce 

extinguished the flame by putting April's legs in the toilet. When the maternal 

grandmother scolded Dulce for not taking April to a doctor, Dulce said Andres had 

instructed her not to. The maternal grandmother believed the parents did not take April 

to a doctor because they did not want the Agency to find out they were living together. 

The maternal grandmother said she did not want the children removed from the parents, 

but she cared deeply for the children and wanted them to be safe. 

 Castillo transported the children to Polinsky Children's Center (Polinsky) and 

asked Dominic about April's burns. Dominic said April had alcohol on her legs, the 

alcohol caught fire and the parents did not take April to a doctor because Dulce was 

scared. At Polinsky, a doctor examined April and concluded the burn was likely quite 

painful when sustained, and could have become infected. The doctor stated that the 
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parents' failure to seek medical care constituted medical neglect and the injuries were 

highly suspicious for physical abuse. 

 On May 23, 2012, Castillo interviewed the paternal grandfather. The paternal 

grandfather said the parents had been living in his home for the past four or five months. 

The parents shared a bedroom. When April was burned, the paternal grandfather told the 

parents to take her to the hospital, but the parents said if they did, she would be taken 

away. Dulce told the paternal grandfather that she was concerned the maternal 

grandmother was inducing Dominic to lie. 

 On May 25, 2012, the Agency filed a petition for one-year-old April. (Welf. & 

Inst. Code, § 300, subd. (b); all further statutory references are to this code.) The petition 

was based on the continuing domestic violence and Dulce's failure to seek medical care 

for April's burns. 

 Castillo spoke with the parents several times before and after the petition was 

filed. The parents claimed Dominic was lying and the maternal grandmother had 

coached him. The parents denied any recent domestic violence, denied maintaining a 

romantic or sexual relationship and initially denied living together. Dulce said she lived 

with the maternal grandmother. Andres said he stayed at the home of his friend Sergio, 

but was unable to provide an address, and said Dulce lived at the paternal grandfather's 

home. Later, Andres said that Dulce had moved into the paternal grandfather's home, and 

Andres sometimes slept there, in a bedroom separate from Dulce's. Dulce later said she 

had moved into the paternal grandfather's home because the maternal grandmother had 

evicted her. The parents claimed Dulce was not present when April was burned, and 
5 

Dulce admitted she lied when she told the maternal grandmother otherwise. The parents 

minimized the seriousness of the burns, and stated they did not take April to a doctor 

because they believed she would be removed from their care. 

 After their detention at Polinsky, the children were moved to the maternal 

grandmother's home. On June 7, 2012, Castillo interviewed Dominic again. Dominic 

denied that the maternal grandmother told him what to say. During a forensic interview, 

Dominic said he had seen Andres hit Dulce on the face; the parents fought "all the time"; 

Andres "burned [April]'s little legs [with alcohol]"; and April "cried a lot." 

 The jurisdictional and dispositional hearing took place on July 24, 2012. Castillo 

testified regarding the content of her reports, summarized above. The parents testified 

there had been no domestic violence for more than two years; they did not live at the 

paternal grandfather's house at the same time; and the paternal grandfather believed 

Andres lived there because Andres spent time there. The parents testified Dominic and 

the maternal grandmother were lying. 

 The court found the parents were not credible, Dominic's reports of domestic 

violence were credible, the maternal grandmother had no ulterior motive and it was 

reasonable to conclude the parents were living together in the paternal grandfather's 

home. The court stated the parents did not take April to the hospital because they had 

something to hide. 

 The court entered true findings on the petition. The court found, by clear and 

convincing evidence, there was a substantial danger to April's physical health, safety, 

protection, or physical or emotional well-being; or there would be such a danger if she 
6 

were returned home; and removal was the only reasonable means of protecting her 

physical health (§ 361, subd. (c)(1)). The court removed April from the parents' custody 

and ordered her placed in a relative's home. 

DISCUSSION 

 Before a child can be removed from parental custody, the Agency must prove, by 

clear and convincing evidence, "[t]here is or would be a substantial danger to [her] 

physical health, safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being . . . if [she] were 

returned home" and removal is the only reasonable means of protecting her physical 

health. (§ 361, subd. (c)(1).) "The court shall consider, as a reasonable means to protect 

the minor, the option[s] of removing an offending parent . . . from the home [and] 

allowing a nonoffending parent . . . to retain physical custody as long as that 

parent . . . presents a plan acceptable to the court demonstrating that . . . she will be able 

to protect the child from future harm." (Ibid.) "The parent need not be dangerous and the 

minor need not have been actually harmed before removal is appropriate. The 

focus . . . is on averting harm to the child." (In re Diamond H. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 

1127, 1136.) " '[P]ast conduct may be probative of current conditions' if there is reason 

to believe that the conduct will continue." (In re S.O. (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 453, 461.) 

 On appeal Dulce has the burden of showing there is no substantial evidence 

justifying removal. (In re Diamond H., supra, 82 Cal.App.4th at p. 1135.) " ' "The 

sufficiency of evidence to establish a given fact, where the law requires proof of the fact 

to be clear and convincing, is primarily a question for the trial court to determine . . . ." 

[Citations.]' [Citation.] Thus, on appeal from a judgment required to be based upon clear 
7 

and convincing evidence, 'the clear and convincing test disappears . . . [and] the usual 

rule of conflicting evidence is applied, giving full effect to the respondent's evidence, 

however slight, and disregarding the appellant's evidence, however strong.' [Citation.]" 

(Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 872, 880-881, quoted in In re Mark L.

(2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 573, 580-581.) "We do not reweigh the evidence, evaluate the 

credibility of witnesses, or resolve evidentiary conflicts." (In re Dakota H. (2005) 132 

Cal.App.4th 212, 228.) 

 Dulce's arguments border on frivolous. She argues there was no evidence she ever 

harmed April and the burns were accidental, the result of an isolated incident. This 

argument misses the point: Dulce failed to seek medical treatment for April's serious 

burns. Moreover, substantial evidence supports the conclusion that Dulce was living with 

Andres and the domestic violence continued. "[V]iolence in the same household where 

children are living . . . is a failure to protect [the children] from the substantial risk of 

encountering the violence and suffering serious physical harm or illness from it." (In re 

Heather A. (1996) 52 Cal.App.4th 183, 194.) 

 Dulce also argues the court failed to consider reasonable alternatives to removal, 

such as ordering Andres to remain out of the home, limiting his contact with Dulce and 

April and providing Dulce family maintenance services. This argument ignores the 

court's credibility findings, which we will not second guess, and its conclusion, based on 

substantial evidence, that after receiving 18 months of services in Dominic's case, Dulce 

moved in with Andres, in violation of the court orders, and lied repeatedly. Substantial 
8 

evidence supports the finding that removal was the only reasonable means of protecting 

one-year-old April. 

DISPOSITION 

 The judgment is affirmed. 

 

MCINTYRE, J. 

WE CONCUR: 

 

BENKE, Acting P. J. 

 

AARON, J.