2005 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 4-28-2005 

# U SA v . Gret z inge r P r e c e de n t i al or N on-P r e c e de n t i al : N on-P r e c e de nt i al D ocke t N o . 04-2793

F o l low thi s a nd a dd it ion al work s at : http://d i git alc ommon s .l a w . vi l l a nova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2005

Thi s de c i sion i s br ou ght t o you for f r e e a nd ope n a c c e s s b y the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit at V i l l a no va U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit or y

. It h as be e n a c c ept e d for inclusion in 2005 D e c i sion s b y a n author i z e d a dmini s tr at or of V i l l a no va U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit or y

. F or mor e inform at ion, p le as e c ont a ct Be n j amin . C a rl s on@l a

w . vi l l a no va . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " U SA v . Gr e tz in g e r " (2005). 2005 D e cisio n s . P ape r 1303. http://d i git alc ommon s .l a

w . vi l l a nova . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2005/1303NOT P RE CE DE NT I AL UNI T E D S T AT E S CO UR T OF AP P E AL F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT N o. 04- 2793 UNI T E D S T AT E S OF AM E RI CA ,

v. HARRY GRETZ I NGER; DA RLEN E BA KK ALI H arryG retzing er,

A ppel l ant O n A p p ea l from the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt f o r th e M id d le D istric t o f P e n n sy lv a n ia ( D . C . C r i m i nal N o. 98- cr - 00324) D i s t r i ctJ udge: H on. W i l l i am J. N eal on

N o. 04- 2833 UNI T E D S T AT E S OF AM E RI CA ,

v. HARRY GRETZ I NGER,

A ppel l ant O n A p p ea l from the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt f o r th e M id d le D istric t o f P e n n sy lv a n ia ( D . C . C r i m i nal N o. 02- cr - 00204)2 D istric t Ju d g e : H o n . A . R ich a rd C a p u to Subm i t t ed Pur s uantt o T hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

A pr i l 5, 2005 B E FO R E : B A R R Y , A M B R O and C O W E N , C i r cui tJ udges

( Fi l ed: A pr i l 28, 2005) OP I NI ON C O W E N , C i r cui tJ udge. H arr yG r et zi ngerappea l s t he D i s t r i ctC our t ’ s or der( C as e N o. 04- 2793) acc ept i ng hi s pl ea of

gui l t yt o a bank f

r aud cha r ge and i m pos i ng a s ent ence of thi r t y - m ont hs i m pr i s onm ent . H e al s o appea l s t he D i s t r i ctC our t ’ s or der( C as e N o. # 04- 2833) i m pos i ng a s ent ence of thi r t y - t hr ee mont hs aft ert he C our tr evoked hi s s uper vi s ed r el eas e on a pr evi ous convi ct i on and di r ect i ng i tt o run cons ecut i ve t o t he thi r t y - m ont h s ent ence i m pos ed fort he bank f

r aud thatfor m ed the bas i s forthe r evoca t i on. H e ar gues t hatt he D i s t r i ctC our tcomm i t t ed the fol l ow i ng err or s : ( 1) acc ept i ng hi s i nvol unt aryand uni nt el l i gentpl ea w her e the G overnm ent ’ s fac tual bas i s w as i ns uffi ci entt o s uppor teac h el em ent of t he cri m e of b ank fraud, (2) m aking his sent ence f or a supervi sed rel ease vi ol at i on cons ecut i ve w i t h t he off ens e gi vi ng r i s e t o t he vi ol at i on and ( 3) i m pos i ng e n h a n c e m e n ts to h is s e n te n c e . T he D i s t r i ctC our thad j ur i s di ct i on under18 U . S. C . § 3231 and w e haveT he G overnm entcont ends t hatG r et zi nger ’ s fai l ur e t o r ai s e thi s i s s ue bef or e the 1 D istric t C o u rt n e c e ss itate s p lain e rro r re v iew . W e n e e d n o t d e c id e th is iss u e , w h ich is s ubj ectt o s om e di s agr eementi n t he court s , i n l i ghtof ourdi s pos i t i on. 3 ju risd ictio n p u rsu a n t to 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 . A s w e w rite s o lelyf o r th e p a rties , w e o n ly provide a bri ef reci t at i on of the fact s. G r et zi ngerpl ed gui l t yt o w i l l ful l yand know i ngl ydefr audi ng a trus tcompanyw hen D ar l ene Bakkal i L i nar es , hi s dom es t i c part ner , depos i t ed tw o cr edi tcar d cas h advanc es dr aw n on t he ac countof an i ndi vi dual w ho di d notauthor i ze the us e of the ca r d. H e w as s ent ence d t o a t erm of thi r t ym ont hs i m pr i s onm ent , and s uper vi s ed r el eas e fora per i od of fi ve y ear s . B eca us e G r et zi ngerw as on s uper vi s ed r el eas e att he t i m e he c om m i t t ed the c ri m e , h e h a d a v io la tio n h e a ri n g b e f o re th e ju d g e w h o h a d o ri g in a lly se n te n c e d h im . F in d in g th a t G re tzin g e r’s v io latio n o f h is s u p e rv ise d re lea se w a s s ig n if ica n t an d sim ilar to t he or i gi nal cr i m e, t he D i s t r i ctC our ts ent ence d hi m t o a t erm of thi r t y - t hr ee mont hs t o run cons ecut i ve t o hi s s ent ence fort he bank f r aud. W e r evi ew t he D i s t r i ctC our t ' s fi ndi ng of a f actual bas i s fora pl ea f orabus e of d is c re tio n . U

n itedS ta tes v . C e

fa ra tti , 221 F. 3d 502, 509 ( 3d C i r . 2000) . G r et zi nger 1 c h a l l e n g e s t h e v a l i d i t yo f h i s p l e a , a r g u i n g t h a ti twa s i n v o l u n t a r ya n d u n i n t e l l i g e n t . He con t end s that the G ov ernm ent fai l ed to setfort h suff i ci ent fact s t o sat i sfyt he fa l se r epr es ent at i on el ement r equi r ed fora convi ct i on under§ 1344: “The pr offe rdi d not in c lu d e a n yd e sc rip tio n o f a n yf a lse sta tem e n t m a d e to th e b a n k a n d th a t th e c h e c k itse lf c a n n o t b e a f

a ls e re p re s e n ta tio n .” (A p p e lla n t’ s B r. a t 7 .)4

T h e f e d e ra l b a n k sta tu te m a k e s it a c rim e to “ k n o w in g ly. . . ex e c u te, o r a ttem p t to exec ut e, a s cheme orar t i fi ce— ( 1) t o defr aud a f i nanci al i ns t i tut i on; or( 2) t o obt ai n anyof t he money s , funds , cr edi t s , as s et s , s ecur i t i es , orot herpr oper t yow ned by , orundert he cust od yor contr ol of, a fi nan ci al i nst i tuti on , bym eans of fal se or fr aud ulentpret enses, r epr es ent at i ons , orpr om i s es . ” U ni t ed Stat es v. Khor oz i an , 3 3 3 F . 3 d 4 9 8 , 5 0 3 (3d C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) ( e x p la in in g th a t th e te s t m u s t b e re a d c o n ju n c tiv e ly). T he r ecor d es t abl i s hes t hatdur i ng t he pl ea c ol l oquyt he C our ts etfor t h eac h el ement of the off

ens e. Fur t her , t he G overnm entpr offe r ed thatG r et zi nger , di r ect l yor in d ire c tly , m a d e u n a u th o riz e d u se o f th e id e n tityo f

R o n a ld K a tn e r to a ttem p t to g a in access t o K at ner’ s bank accou nts . T his w as don e bypresent i ng fraudu l ent and fals e cr edi tcar d chec ks dr aw n on t hes e ac count s . T he G overnm ents peci fi cal l ys t at ed that K at ner “di d n ot know and nev er aut ho ri zed u se of h i s cr editcard accou nt forcash ad v an ce ch ec k s. ” (A p p . at 32 . ) B as ed on thi s pr offe r , t he D i s t r i ctC our tdi d notabus e i t s di s cr et i on byfi ndi ng t hat t he G overnm ents etfor t h a s uffi ci entfac tual bas i s t o s uppor tt he “f al s e orfr audul ent p re ten se s, re p re se n tatio n s, o r p ro m ise s” e lem e n t o f th e c rim e . A c c o rd in g ly , w e w ill aff i r m t he D i s t r i ctC our t ’ s concl us i on and uphol d t he convi ct i on. G retzing er a lso c h all en g es h is sen tenc e u n d er U ni t ed Stat es v. B ooker , 54 3 U. S.

___, 125 S. C t . 738 ( 2005) . I n l i ghtof the det erm i nat i on of the j udges i n t hi s C our tt hat t he s ent enci ng i s s ues r ai s ed ar e bes tdet erm i ned byt he D i s t r i ctC our ti n t he fi r s ti ns t ance ,5

w e vac at e the s ent ence s and r emand forr es ent enci ng i n acc or dance w i t h B ooker . T he D i s t r i ctC our ts houl d cons i dert he s ent ence s i m pos ed fort he bank f r aud i n C as e N o. 04- 27 93 and for vi olat i on of sup ervi sed rel ease i n C ase N o. 04 -2833 . T he C ou rtshou l d als o cons i derw hethert he s ent ence s s houl d be cons ecut i ve orconcurr ent . W e expr es s no opi ni on as t o w hatt he s ent ence s s houl d be, orw hethert heys houl d run cons ecut i vel yor c o n c u r r e n t l y. For t he for egoi ng r eas ons , t he j udgm ent s of the D i s t r i ctC our tent er ed on J une 23, 2004, and J une 28, 2004, w i l l be af fi r m ed as t o t he convi ct i ons . T he s ent ence s w i l l be vaca t ed and the mat t er s r emanded t o t he D i s t r i ctC our tforr es ent enci ng i n acc or dance w i t h B ooker .