IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

STATE OF DELAWARE )

)

v. ) I.D. No. 1504010863A

) 

MICHAEL BROOMER, ) 

)

Defendant. )

Submitted: July 2, 2021

Decided: October 25, 2021

Upon Defendant Michael Broomer’s Amended Motion for Postconviction Relief

DENIED.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

Maria T. Knoll, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, 820 

North French Street, Wilmington, DE 19801, Attorney for the State of Delaware. 

Samuel L. Guy, Esquire, P.O. Box 25464, Wilmington, DE 19899, Attorney for 

Defendant Michael Broomer. 

WHARTON, J.
2

1. INTRODUCTION 

This case is before the Court on Defendant Michael Broomer’s (“Broomer”) 

Amended Motion for Postconviction Relief (“AMPCR”). Broomer was convicted 

at trial of Murder in the Second Degree, two counts of Possession of a Firearm 

During the Commission of a Felony (“PFDCF”), and one count of Reckless 

Endangering in the First Degree. He appealed his convictions to the Delaware 

Supreme Court. That Court affirmed the judgment of this Court in part and

remanded in part for this Court to a complete a Batson analysis. This Court, over 

Boomer’s objection, completed its Batson analysis on the record as it existed at trial 

without holding an evidentiary hearing or allowing additional briefing. The Court 

found that that Broomer had not carried his burden of proving purposeful 

discrimination. The Supreme Court affirmed that decision. 

Through counsel, Broomer alleges ineffective assistance of counsel (“IAC”) 

on the part of both his trial and appellate counsel. In all, he raises 21 claims. The 

Court has carefully considered each one. Some are new issues, some are merely 

conclusory allegations without support in the record, some are just second guessing, 

and some are previously addressed issues repackaged as IAC claims, but all are 

without merit. Accordingly, the AMPCR is DENIED. 

 
3

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND1

Broomer and his co-defendant, Atiba Mayfield (“Mayfield”), were both 

charged with Murder in the First Degree, and various other crimes in connection 

with the shooting of Raekwan Mangrum (“Mangrum”) on April 4, 2015 in 

Wilmington. The homicide was witnessed, at least in part, by Wilmington Police 

Officer Matthew Begany. Officer Begany heard what he thought were gunshots 

while on patrol traveling west on 4th Street toward Monroe Street. He turned 

southbound onto Monroe Street and observed a blue Focus at the end of an alleyway 

between 2nd and 3rd Streets. He saw a man standing outside of the Focus firing a 

handgun. Officer Begany called for backup and drove down the alleyway toward 

the Focus and the man firing the gun. He then lost sight of the shooter as the Focus 

began to head northbound towards his car and then turn suddenly onto a sidewalk 

between two rows of houses. At that point, Officer Begany saw two black males in 

the vehicle and broadcast the Focus’ license plate over the radio. He continued down 

the alleyway and observed Mangrum, who had been shot multiple times, a woman 

who had also been shot once in the leg, and her young child, who was not injured. 

The woman survived, but Mangrum died the next day.

After several Wilmington Police Officers spotted the Focus, a high-speed 

vehicle chase ensued involving many police officers. During the chase northbound 

1 The facts are taken from Broomer v. State, Del. Supr. No. 562, 2016, Order, 

Vaughn, J. (Oct. 16, 2017), D.I. 53, and this Court’s Opinion on Remand, State v. 

Broomer, Super. Ct. No. 1506014357 (Del. Super. Ct. Nov. 14. 2017), D.I. 57. 
4

on I-95, one of the officers observed a handgun being thrown from the passenger 

side of the Focus. A CZ .40 caliber semi-automatic firearm was recovered in the 

area where the officer saw a weapon being thrown from the Focus. A .380 Cobra 

FS 380, with one spent casing and five live rounds of ammunition was also found in 

along the path of the chase. Ultimately the chase ended in Pennsylvania where the 

driver, Broomer, and the passenger, Mayfield, fled on foot, but quickly were taken 

into custody. The police recovered a box of .380 ammunition from under the driver’s 

seat of the Focus and a spent shell casing under the passenger side floor mat. 

Broomer was convicted by a jury of Murder in the Second Degree, Reckless 

Endangering in the First Degree and two counts of PFDCF.

Broomer raised several issues on appeal. Those issues dealt with the adequacy 

of the Court’s instruction on accomplice liability, allegations of prosecutorial 

misconduct in the State’s closing arguments, the admission of claimed improper lay 

opinion and expert testimony, and an incomplete Batson analysis. The Supreme 

Court affirmed on all but the Batson issue and remanded the case to this Court to 

complete the Batson analysis while retaining jurisdiction.2 

On remand, Broomer requested an evidentiary hearing followed by briefing, 

while the State opposed that request and argued that the record was closed and that 

the Court should complete the Batson analysis on that record. The Court denied the 

Broomer’s request and determined to complete the Batson analysis on the existing 

2 Broomer v. State, D.I. 53.
5

record. The Court denied the Batson challenge and returned the case to the Supreme 

Court.3 There, this Court’s decision on remand was affirmed.4 

On October 22, 2018, Broomer filed a pro se Motion for Postconviction

Relief,

5 which was followed on March 29, 2019 by retained counsel’s AMPCR 

alleging IAC.6 On May 24, 2019, trial counsel filed a joint affidavit in response to 

the IAC allegations.7 On June 4, 2019 appellate counsel did the same.8 The State 

answered on October 14, 2019.9 Retained postconviction counsel submitted a 

Response to the State’s Answer on July 2, 2021.10

 III. THE PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS

The AMPCR raises a total of 21 IAC claims against both trial and appellate 

counsel. It alleges they were ineffective in that: 1) trial counsel did not challenge by 

requesting a “Lolly” instruction the State’s failure to gather and preserve exculpatory 

gunshot residue (“GSR”) evidence from the Focus, Mangrum, and Mangrum’s 

clothing; 2) appellate counsel failed to object to the Court’s Batson analysis on 

remand, and trial counsel allowed non-white and male jurors to be improperly 

excluded from the jury, while allowing some jurors to be seated who should have 

3 State v. Broomer, D.I. 57. 

4 Broomer v. State, 2017 WL 5900084 (Del. Nov. 28, 2017).

5 Motion for Postconviction Relief, D.I. 60.

6 AMPCR, D.I. 79.

7 Trial Counsel’s Aff., D.I. 81. 

8 Appellate Counsel’s Aff., D.I. 82.

9 State’s Ans., D.I. 90.

10 Def.’s Resp., D.I. 124.
6

been excluded; 3) trial counsel failed to cross-examine State’s witness Nicodemus 

Morris effectively; 4) trial counsel failed to cross-examine State’s witness 

Tyezghaire Stevens effectively; 5) trial counsel failed to object to improper remarks 

during the prosecution’s closing argument and appellate counsel failed raise that 

issue on appeal; 6) trial counsel failed to object to Morris’ testimony that a prior drug 

case provided the motive to the shooting; 7) trial counsel failed to challenge the 

testimony of the State’s ballistics expert Carl Rone and to retain a defense ballistics 

expert; 8) trial counsel failed to call exculpatory witnesses to explain Broomer’s 

presence at a shopping center near the crime scene; 9) trial counsel failed to object 

to the flight instruction the Court gave; 10) trial counsel failed challenge the Court’s 

accomplice liability instruction effectively; 11) trial counsel failed to object to the 

Court speaking to the jury privately and off the record during deliberations and 

appellate counsel failed to protect Broomer’s right to attend a teleconference the 

Court conducted on remand; 12) trial counsel failed to object to the absence of a 

hung jury option on the verdict sheet; 13) appellate counsel failed to pursue a Batson 

evidentiary hearing on remand; 14) trial counsel incorrectly informed Broomer that 

an acquittal on the conspiracy charge would result in an acquittal on all other 

charges; 15) trial counsel failed to identify, investigate, and interview people present 

at the scene of the shooting; 16) trial counsel failed to pursue cellphone messages 

establishing a benign explanation for Broomer’s presence at the crime scene, to 

question Det. Fox, the State’s chief investigating officer about those messages, and 
7

to call any fact or expert witnesses on Broomer’s behalf; 17) trial counsel failed to 

move for a change of venue; 18) on appeal, appellate counsel failed to question the 

absence of sidebar conferences on the record; 19) appellate counsel failed to inform 

Broomer of his right to appeal the Delaware Supreme Court’s decision to the United 

States Supreme Court; 20) appellate counsel failed to make an argument regarding 

a Chance instruction; and 21) trial counsel failed to object to Det. Fox testifying as 

an expert regarding the identification of a gun from a cellphone photograph.11 

The State opposes the AMPCR in its detailed point-by-point response.12 The 

State argues, based on the affidavits of counsel and the trial and appellate records, 

that: 1) DNA evidence would have proved nothing, the existing GSR results favored 

Broomer’s theory of the case that co-defendant Mayfield unexpectedly shot 

Mangrum, and no Lolly instruction was warranted because there was no reason to 

believe any exculpatory evidence would have been present on the exterior of the 

Focus or on Mangrum or his clothing; 2) the Batson claim is without merit because 

appellate counsel did argue for a hearing on remand, the Supreme Court considered 

the issue and decided it adversely to Broomer, and the record does not support other 

potential Batson claims; 3) trial counsel effectively cross-examined Nicodemus 

Morris; 4) trial counsel effectively cross-examined Tyezghaire Stevens; 5) appellate 

counsel did raise issues of prosecutorial misconduct on appeal, but was unsuccessful; 

11 AMPCR, Attach 1, D.I. 79.

12 State’s Ans., D.I. 90.
8

6) evidence of the prior drug case clearly was admissible motive evidence; 7) Carl 

Rone’s arrest did not occur until after Broomer’s trial and direct appeal, his 

testimony supported Broomer’s defense that Mayfield was the shooter, and, 

Broomer has failed to offer any evidence that impeaches Rone’s expert opinions; 8) 

trial counsel hired a private investigator who was unable to locate exculpatory 

witnesses 9) the flight instruction given by the Court was appropriate; 10) the 

accomplice liability instruction given by the Court was appropriate; 11) the claim 

that the Court held private off the record conversations with the jury is merely 

conclusory and is unsupported by the record, and Broomer fails to show that he was 

prejudiced by his absence from the teleconference the Court held on remand or that 

his presence was required; 12) there is no legal basis to include a hung jury option 

on the verdict form; 13) appellate counsel did pursue a hearing on remand, albeit 

unsuccessfully; 14) trial counsel and the verdict form itself do not support Broomer’s 

recollection that he was told an acquittal on the conspiracy charge would result in an 

acquittal on all charges; 15) trial counsel retained a private instructor who was unable 

to locate exculpatory witnesses from the scene of the crime; 16) Broomer has failed 

to substantiate his claim that the cell phones provide exculpatory evidence; 17) 

Broomer’s allegation that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to move for a 

change of venue is unsupported by any facts establishing juror prejudice; 18) 

Broomer’s claim that trial counsel failed to question the absence of side bar 

conferences is difficult to understand, but to the extent Broomer claims he was 
9

prejudiced by unreported side bar conferences, the claim is unsupported by the 

record; 19) even if appellate counsel had not discussed a possible appeal to the 

United States Supreme Court with Broomer (which appellate counsel says he did 

discuss with Broomer), he can show no prejudice because that court would not have 

accepted Broomer’s case; 20) Both trial and appellate counsel raised the claim that 

a Chance instruction was necessary, thus any claim that they failed to do so is 

without merit; and 21) Broomer’s claim that trial counsel was ineffective in failing 

to object to Det. Fox testifying as an expert is without merit because the Delaware 

Supreme Court determined that Det. Fox’s testimony was proper.13

Broomer requested an opportunity to reply, which the Court granted. After 

multiple extensions, Broomer submitted his Response on July 2, 2021. In the main, 

the 86-page Response reiterates and amplifies the claims asserted in the AMPCR.14 

IV. STANDARD AND SCOPE OF REVIEW

Before addressing the merits of a defendant’s motion for postconviction relief, 

the Court must first apply the procedural bars of Superior Court Criminal Rule 

61(i).15 If a procedural bar exists, then the Court will not consider the merits of the 

postconviction claim.16 Under Delaware Superior Court Rules of Criminal 

Procedure, a motion for postconviction relief can be barred for time limitations, 

13 Id.

14 Def,’s Resp., D.I. 124.

15 Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990).

16 Id.
10

repetitive motions, procedural defaults, and former adjudications. A motion exceeds 

time limitations if it is filed more than one year after the conviction becomes final 

or if it asserts a newly recognized, retroactively applied right more than one year 

after it was first recognized.17 A second or subsequent motion is repetitive and 

therefore barred.18 The Court considers a repetitive motion only if the movant was 

convicted at trial and the motion pleads with particularity either: (1) actual 

innocence;19 or (2) the application of a newly recognized, retroactively applied rule 

of constitutional law rendering the conviction invalid.20 Grounds for relief “not 

asserted in the proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction” are barred as 

procedurally defaulted unless the movant can show “cause for relief” and “prejudice 

from [the] violation.”21 Grounds for relief formerly adjudicated in the case, 

including “proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction, in an appeal, in a postconviction proceeding, or in a federal habeas corpus hearing” are barred.22

 Here, the 

MPCR constitutes a timely first motion for postconviction relief, alleging IAC.

To successfully bring an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a claimant 

must demonstrate: (1) that counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) that the 

deficiencies prejudiced the claimant by depriving him or her of a fair trial with reliable 

17 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1).

18 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(2).

19 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(i).

20 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(ii).

21 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).

22 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).
11

results.23 To prove counsel’s deficiency, a defendant must show that counsel’s 

representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.24 Moreover, a 

defendant must make concrete allegations of actual prejudice and substantiate them 

or risk summary dismissal.25 “[A] court must indulge in a strong presumption that 

counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.”26 

A successful Sixth Amendment claim of ineffective assistance of counsel requires a 

showing “that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional 

errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”27 An inmate must 

satisfy the proof requirements of both prongs to succeed on an ineffective assistance 

of counsel claim. Failure to do so on either prong will doom the claim and the Court 

need not address the other.28 

In the appellate context, “[t]he [d]efendant must first show that his counsel 

was objectively unreasonable in failing to find arguable issues on appeal – that is, 

that counsel unreasonably failed to discover nonfrivolous issues and to file a merits 

brief raising them.”29 Appellate counsel “need not (and should not) raise every 

23 Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984).

24 Id. at 667-68.

25 Wright v. State, 671 A.2d 1353, 1356 (Del. 1996).

26 Strickland, 446 U.S. at 689.

27 Id. at 694.

28 Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697; Ploof v. State, 75 A.3d 811, 825 (Del. 2013) 

(“Strickland is a two-pronged test, and there is no need to examine whether an 

attorney performed deficiently if the deficiency did not prejudice the defendant.”). 

29 Neal v. State, 80 A.3d 935, 946 (Del. 2013) (quoting Smith v. Robbins, 528 U.S. 

259, 285 (2000)).
12

nonfrivolous claim, but rather may select from among them in order to maximize the 

likelihood of success on appeal.”30 Nonetheless, it is “still possible to bring a 

Strickland claim based on counsel’s failure to raise a particular claim, but it is 

difficult to demonstrate that counsel was incompetent.”31 A defendant faces a 

tougher burden of “showing that a particular nonfrivolous issue was clearly stronger 

than issues that counsel did present” where appellate counsel filed a merits brief, 

than in the case where appellate counsel filed a no merit brief.32 Further, Broomer 

must still show prejudice, “That is, [the defendant] must show a reasonable 

probability that, but for his counsel’s unreasonable failure [to raise a clearly stronger 

issue], he would have prevailed on his appeal.”33 

V. DISCUSSION

All 21 of the issues raised by the AMPCR are brought as IAC claims, 

and thus, at least facially, are not barred in this first timely postconviction 

relief effort. However, some of the claims allege ineffectiveness by either 

appellate counsel or trial counsel in failing to raise, or raise effectively, issues 

that were raised earlier. Broomer repeatedly fails to cite to specific places in 

the record in support of his arguments. In many instances, he cites to 

statements of witnesses or police reports that may have been produced in 

30 Id. (citing Smith, 528 U.S. at 288). 

31 Id. 

32 Id.

33 Id. at 947 (quoting Smith, 528 U.S. 285).
13

discovery but are not part of the record of the case in this court as that record 

is currently constituted. The failure to cite specifically to the record results in 

many of his IAC claims being unsubstantiated. To establish prejudice, he 

incants that the result would have been an acquittal, but for counsel’s

particular act of IAC. More substantiation is necessary to warrant relief. The 

Court now turns to the IAC claims in the order they were raised.

A. Failure to Gather and Preserve Exculpatory Evidence and to 

Request Lolly Instruction (Claim 1). 

Broomer alleges that trial counsel was ineffective in “fail[ing] to gather 

and preserve exculpatory evidence in the car and outside of the car that should 

have been tested for gunshot residue and DNA testing regarding the victim 

and codefendants [sic].”34 He also argues Mangrum’s hands and clothes 

should have been tested for GSR.35 Broomer contends that trial counsel 

should have pursued the State’s failure to collect this evidence in his crossexamination of Det. Fox.36 Broomer’s Response to the State’s Answer 

discusses at length the potential significance of the missing GSR and DNA 

evidence in establishing that Broomer was not the shooter, and alleges that the 

failure to preserve that evidence was a violation of the prosecution’s 

34 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 1, D.I. 79. 

35 Id. 

36 Id. 
14

obligation under Brady.37 The Response also invokes Lolly38 and Deberry39

in attacking the State’s failure to collect that evidence.40 

Trial counsel, in their affidavit, explained the defense theory of the 

case. That theory was that there was reasonable doubt that Broomer knew 

that Mayfield was going to shoot Mangrum and that Broomer lacked the 

requisite mental state to be convicted as an accomplice.41 Consistent with that 

strategy, trial counsel did not pursue GSR testing of the exterior of the vehicle 

because the existing GSR evidence supported the defense theory of the case.42

Further, DNA evidence from the car would not have produced exculpatory 

results because the vehicle was in Broomer’s possession and there was no 

evidence to suggest that Mangrum was near the Focus.43

Trial counsel’s strategy was sound, given the limited options the facts 

presented. In fact, it proved partially successful in that Broomer was not 

convicted of murder first degree. It was also the State’s theory that Broomer 

was the driver and Mayfield was the shooter. Thus, additional GSR or DNA 

testing from the vehicle would not have been exculpatory. It merely would 

have produced cumulative evidence on an issue not in controversy. A failure 

37 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).

38 Lolly v. State, 611 A.2d 956 (Del. 1992).

39 Deberry, v. State, 457 A.2d 744 (Del. 1983).

40 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 1.

41. Trial Counsel’s Aff. at 4, D.I. 81.

42 Id., at 3.

43 Id.
15

to develop additional evidence on an uncontroverted issue does not meet 

Strickland’s performance deficiency standard, nor does it establish prejudice. 

Broomer’s arguments regarding GSR testing of Mangrum’s hands and 

clothing amount to nothing more than speculation. No one testified that 

Mangrum shot anybody during the incident. There was no reason for trial 

counsel to pursue evidence of a theory unsupported by any witness testimony.

B. The Batson Issues (Claim 2).

The AMPCR raises several Batson-related issues and alleges IAC on 

the part of both trial and appellate counsel. Those issues relate to appellate 

counsel’s performance on remand, and trial counsel’s performance during 

jury selection. It is, as the State suggests, an effort to relitigate the Batson 

issue raised at trial as an IAC claim. 

1. Appellate Counsel.

Broomer’s complaint regarding appellate counsel seems to be twofold. 

First, he claims that appellate counsel was ineffective in not requesting a 

hearing and objecting in writing to the procedure employed by the Court in 

completing its Batson analysis on remand.44 Second, he argues that appellate 

counsel failed to file any objections or request briefing in the Supreme Court 

after this Court’s decision on remand.45 As to the first, Broomer simply is 

44 AMPC, Attach., at 1, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp, at 44, D.I. 124. 

45 Def.’s Resp., at 45, D.I. 124.
16

wrong. Appellate counsel did request an evidentiary hearing. On remand, 

“Broomer requested an evidentiary hearing followed by briefing...The Court 

denied the request for a hearing and further briefing and determined to 

complete the Batson analysis on the existing record.46 As to the second, had 

the Supreme Court wanted additional briefing after the case was returned to 

it, it would have directed additional briefing. There is no reason to believe 

that Court would have looked favorably on a request to submit additional 

briefs, nor has Broomer presented any argument to suggest that it would. 

Broomer has failed to meet either prong of Strickland regarding appellate 

counsel. 

2. Trial Counsel.

Broomer challenges the effectiveness of trial counsel’s assistance in 

jury selection and in advancing his Batson challenge. The Court has identified 

13 separate Batson-related IAC claims against trial counsel in the AMPCR. 

They are: 1) “[n]on-white and male jurors were allowed by counsel to be 

excluded from being on the jury for inconsistent reasons;” 2) trial counsel 

should have focused on gender balance, claiming trial counsel allowed 11 

female jurors to be seated; 3) jurors who were school employees should have 

been challenged because a child was at the scene of the shooting; 4) an 

alternate juror who was a victim of a violent crime should have been stricken; 

46 State v. Broomer, at 4, D.I. 57.
17

5) a juror who worked with Broomer’s father should have been stricken; 6) 

trial counsel should have objected to the State striking jurors Clay, RiggsPotts, Price, and Munoz-Bonilla; 7) trial counsel should have challenged the 

State’s explanation for striking certain jurors; 8) “[j]urors Lewis and Barone 

were treated differently; 9) the State contradicted itself since it did not strike 

jurors Gilchrest and Hearne; 10) trial counsel should have objected to the 

absence of information regarding juror Goines; 11) “Allen Stokes’ statements 

are missing from the jury selection transcript in connection with voir dire 

without being challenged by Counsel in connection with the Batson analysis;”

12) juror Collins contaminated the jury pool with a comment about the 

location of the killer as evidenced by another juror expressing nervousness; 

and 13) counsel failed to obtain information and make arguments regarding 

the composition of the jury pool.47 

The Court makes a few observations about the jury selection process. 

At the outset, jurors are given some limited information about the case, 

including the charges, the date and location the offenses are alleged to have 

occurred, the attorneys, the names of the potential witnesses, and the length 

of the trial. Then the jurors as a group are asked a series of questions designed 

to determine if a juror can be fair and impartial. Those jurors who have a 

“yes” answer to any of the questions are questioned individually by the Court 

47 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 1-2, D.I. 79.
18

at sidebar with counsel, out of the presence of the other jurors. Based on the 

answers to the Court’s questions, the juror either is excused or allowed to 

remain on the panel from which the jury is selected. Next, twelve jurors who 

have been randomly selected are seated in the jury box. Once those twelve 

jurors are seated, the parties begin exercising their allotment of six peremptory 

challenges each, beginning with the defense. The jury is selected when all 

peremptory challenges are exhausted or both sides are content with the jury. 

Alternate jurors are selected in the same fashion with each side having two 

peremptory challenges when four alternates are chosen. 

The Court rehearses the jury selection process because it is important 

to remember how little control over jury selection trial counsel has. Counsel 

has limited information about a prospective juror – the juror’s name, date of 

birth, gender, marital status, education, race, occupation, employer, spouse’s 

occupation, previous jury service, and law enforcement employment, plus any 

additional, incidental information gleaned from individual voir dire. It is upon 

this limited data set and their own visual observations of prospective jurors 

that trial counsel make largely intuitive judgments about exercising and 

managing peremptory challenges. The subjective nature of jury selection 

establishes a high bar for postconviction counsel to overcome when seeking 

to challenge as objectively unreasonable trial counsel’s prudential judgement 

about retaining or striking potential jurors. 
19

As noted previously, a defendant must make concrete allegations of 

actual prejudice and support them or risk summary dismissal.48 Many of the 

allegations fail that test. At a minimum, they are numbers 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 

and 13 identified above. Other allegations in the AMPCR – numbers 1, and 

6-9 – relate to claims more fully discussed in Broomer’s Response to the 

State’s Answer. There is no reason to believe that jurors who work in schools 

would be unable to be fair and impartial merely because a child was present 

at the scene (number 3). The alternate juror who was the victim of a violent 

crime did not participate in deliberations (number 4). During trial, a juror 

recognized someone from work in the gallery and exchanged pleasantries with 

him outside of court. The juror was unaware the person was Broomer’s 

stepfather.

49

 When questioned by the Court, the juror stated she could remain 

fair and impartial.50 Broomer does not explain how this juror remaining on 

the jury prejudiced him (number 5). Broomer does not specify what 

information is absent regarding juror Goines, or how any such absence 

prejudiced him (number 10). Allen Stokes, a black male, was seated as a juror. 

Broomer does not identify what statements made by Stokes are missing from 

the transcript or how the missing statements prejudiced him. It appears that 

the only thing that brought Stokes to sidebar was a mistaken belief that the 

48 Strickland, at 667-68.

49 D.I. 90, at 27.

50 Id. 
20

trial judge presided over his daughter’s adoption (number 11).51 Any 

comments made by potential juror Collins were made at sidebar and could not 

have contaminated the jury pool (number 12). Broomer does not make any 

supported concrete allegations of prejudice in connection with his claim that 

trial counsel failed to “obtain information and make arguments concerning the 

composition of the jury pool” (number 13).

The Court addresses the remaining Batson claim in the AMPCR –

number 2 – separately. It asserts that trial counsel was ineffective and should 

have focused on gender balance and not have “allowed 11 females to be seated 

on the jury due to the fact that a female was shot.”52 There is much wrong 

with this argument. First, to the extent it implies that the jury that convicted 

Broomer was comprised of 11 women and one man, it is incorrect. The jury 

that deliberated and returned verdicts was comprised of eight women and four 

men, while three of the four alternate jurors were woman. Secord, while it is 

true that a woman was shot, she was not killed. A man was killed. Why a 

jury of mostly women would be more hostile to Broomer because a woman 

also was injured is not explained. But third, and most importantly, Broomer 

is arguing that trial counsel were ineffective because they did not intentionally 

exercise their peremptory challenges based on gender. “Gender, like race, is 

51 Tr. Aug. 8, 2016, at 56.

52 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 1, D.I. 79.
21

an unconstitutional proxy for competence and impartiality.”53 The Court 

cannot find trial counsel ineffective because they did not improperly exercise 

challenges based on gender. It is curious that a party alleging trial counsel 

failed to aggressively pursue Batson violations would suggest as much.

Claim 2 of Broomer’s Response and claim numbers 1 and 6-9 of the

Batson-related arguments in the AMPCR listed above focus on alleged 

deficiencies in trial counsel’s pursuit of the Batson claim they raised at trial. 

He faults trial counsel’s response to the State’s explanations for the exercise 

of its peremptory challenges, and proffers arguments that trial counsel could 

have asserted, but did not, as to each stricken juror, as well as additional 

arguments available to trial counsel.54 It is worth noting that, unlike trial 

counsel who must present their arguments in the moment, Broomer has had 

the benefit of the fullness of time to research Baston-related case law, study 

the full jury selection transcript, and contemplate with virtually no temporal 

constraints what arguments could be crafted to make the most persuasive 

Batson challenge possible. Yet, the Court is not persuaded, even after 

carefully considering the product of those exertions, that the Batson challenge 

would have succeeded had trial counsel presented them as set out in 

53 J.E.B. v. Alabama, 511 U.S. 127, 129 (1994).

54 Def.’s Resp, at 30-43, D.I. 124.
22

Broomer’s Response. Nor is the Court persuaded that trial counsel’s 

presentation of the Batson challenge was deficient.

 In its Opinion on Remand, the Court determined that the State’s 

explanations for its strikes were race-neutral.55 Therefore, in relitigating the 

Batson issues as an IAC claim, Broomer must convince the Court that the 

arguments he contends trial counsel should have made would have persuaded 

the Court that the State’s strikes were not race-neutral. Otherwise, Broomer

cannot meet Strickland’s prejudice requirement. The Court has considered 

each of those enhanced arguments Broomer contends trial counsel failed to 

make. It is unpersuaded that counsel was ineffective in not making them. 

First, Broomer argues that there was no fact-based substantive reason 

to strike juror Aleta Clay. She was employed as a “license inspector” by the 

City of Wilmington. The State struck her because it thought she might be 

familiar with the area of the shooting and the families of the people involved.56 

Broomer argues that trial counsel should have argued that these reasons were 

not fact-based, but speculative, and thus pretextual. It was trial counsel’s 

contention that there was no information confirming that the juror did in fact 

work in the area. This argument is not materially different from the one 

Broomer argues trial counsel should have made. Whether the exercise of a 

55 State v. Broomer, at 8, D.I. 57.

56 Tr. Aug. 8, 2016, at 91-92.
23

peremptory challenge is based on facts or speculation is not the issue. Trial 

lawyers exercise peremptory challenges for a variety of speculative reasons, 

often based on experience and intuition. What the State may not do is exercise 

a strike based on race. The question is whether the State proffered a credible, 

race-neutral explanation for its strike. Nothing Broomer has presented in his 

AMPCR or Response persuades the Court that trial counsel were ineffective 

in advocating his position with respect to Aleta Clay, or that the State struck 

her based on her race.

Broomer next argues that “There is absolutely nothing wrong with a 

[sic] Karen Price.”57 The State explained that it struck Karen Price because 

she was “adamantly” opposed to the death penalty and seemed unaware that 

this case was not a death penalty case.58 Trial counsel responded that the 

State’s reason seemed illegitimate and the only reason for striking her was 

because she was a black female.59 Neither the AMPC or the Response adds 

anything qualitatively different to trial counsel’s argument. Therefore, 

Broomer has not shown neither performance deficiency, nor prejudice. 

Broomer addresses Natalia Munoz-Bonila, a Hispanic female, next. 

The State explained that it struck her because, “Ms. Munoz’s education says 

college, and her occupation is a housekeeper, that led me to believe either she 

57 Def.’s Resp., at 33, D.I. 124. 

58 Tr. Aug., 8, 2016, at 93.

59 Id., at 94.
24

wasn’t successful at college or education level may be incorrect, and for that 

reason, I wasn’t too keen on her either way.”60 Broomer contends that trial 

counsel should have contrasted Munoz-Bonila with two jurors who were 

seated, Eric Gilchrist and Tyra Hearne.61 He claims both of those jurors went 

to college and held jobs that did not require their level of education, but the 

State did not strike them. Gilchrist listed his education as “shipping and 

receiving,” while Hearne listed hers as “sales.”62 Gilchrist listed his education 

as “college,” and Hearne listed hers as “post-grad.”

63

 It is not clear to the 

Court that there is an obvious disparity between he levels of education of 

jurors Gilchrist and Hearne and their occupations. But what Broomer fails to 

mention is that both Gilchrist and Hearne are black.64 Apparently, he is under 

the impression that they were “‘nonminority jurors who were seated.”65 This 

mistake dooms his argument.

The final juror who was the subject of the Batson challenge at trial was 

Jacqueline Riggs-Potts. Riggs-Potts was employed as a “judicial case 

processor 1” in the Family Court.66 The State struck her because it was 

concerned that both defense trial counsel practice in Family Court and “the 

60 Id., at 92. 

61 Def.’s Resp., at 35-36, D.I. 124.

62 Juror Profile.

63 Id. 

64 Id.

65 Def.’s Resp., at 35-36, D.I. 124.

66 Juror Profile.
25

idea was it was just too close to home.”67 Trial counsel did not challenge this 

explanation. Broomer now alleges that trial counsel was ineffective in 

conceding the argument about this juror.68 The reason proffered by the State 

is clearly race-neutral, and Broomer’s argument fails.

Broomer’s remaining arguments contend that trial counsel were 

ineffective in not challenging the credibility of the State’s explanations based 

on comparisons with seated jurors, and for not suggesting that stricken jurors 

be recalled for further clarifying voir dire.69 The comparisons proffered by 

Broomer are inapposite, and the suggestion to call back stricken jurors for 

further questioning impractical and incapable of eliciting relevant 

information. 

C. Cross-Examination of Nicodemus Morris (Claim 3). 

Broomer argues that trial counsel was ineffective in his crossexamination of Nicodemus Morris. Morris was present with Mangrum when 

he was shot and returned fire at Broomer and Mayfield as they fled the scene. 

The particulars of this claim are difficult to follow and mostly consist of 

representations that Morris’ credibility was not sufficiently put in doubt 

67 Tr. Aug., 8, 2016, at 92-93.

68 Def.’s Resp., at 36, D.I. 124.

69 Id., at 37-44. 
26

because he said different things to different people at different times, which 

trial counsel did not effectively challenge on cross-examination.70 

Broomer provides no specific citation to the record for any of the

statements he references in his Response, including various police reports, and 

out of court statements, which typically are not part of the record. Instead of 

simply treating these claims as unsubstantiated, the Court reviews the crossexamination of Nicodemus Morris and make its own judgment of trial 

counsel’s effectiveness. 

Trial counsel impeached Morris with his criminal history,71 his receipt 

of immunity for his conduct on the date of the shooting, including illegally 

possessing a firearm and ammunition while prohibited from doing so,72 the 

State’s agreement to continue his probation instead of seeking to have him 

violated,73 his cooperation agreement with the State,74 his flight from the 

scene, and his failure to cooperate with the State until after he had been 

immunized.75 Trial counsel also cross-examined Morris regarding the events 

giving rise to the State’s motive theory, and developed a counter-motive for 

Mangrum to retaliate against Broomer because Broomer testified against 

70 Def.’s Resp., at 46-49, D.I. 124.

71 Tr., Aug. 11, 2016, Nicodemus Morris Cross-examination, at 163-64. 

72 Id., at 165-66. 

73 Id., at 166.

74 Id., at 165-66. 

75 Id., at 167-68.
27

Mangrum in a case in which they were co-defendants.76 He induced Morris 

to admit he was armed with a 9mm handgun when both Mangrum and Morris 

went back to the Fresh Grocer to “track Mr. Broomer down or locate Mr. 

Broomer.”77 He cross-examined Morris on the positions of Mangrum, 

Stevens, and Morris, with Morris agreeing that his testimony was inconsistent 

with Stevens’ testimony.78 He questioned the reasonableness of Morris’ 

testimony that he ran 30 yards to retrieve his gun from where he has hidden it 

when he observed the Focus, despite testifying that he had the gun on his 

person earlier.79 He cross-examined Morris about the location of the 9mm 

spent shell casings inducing Morris to concede that he “can’t explain” their 

locations which “almost contradicts [his] testimony.”80 Finally, Morris 

acknowledges his 9mm handgun, which he claims he gave to a friend, was 

used in a shooting that night and another the next day.81 The Court concludes 

that trial counsel’s cross-examination clearly was not deficient and Broomer 

suffered no prejudice. 

D. Cross-Examination of Tyezghaire Stevens (Claim 4). 

76 Id., at 169-75.

77 Id., at 181. 

78 Id., at 183-85.

79 Id., at 185-91, 198.

80 Id., at 193-205.

81 Id., at 206-07.
28

Broomer’s complaint that trial counsel did not effectively crossexamine Tyzeghaire Stevens, who was shot also, suffers from the same 

infirmities as his IAC complaint regarding the cross-examination of 

Nicodemus Morris.82 Additionally, he claims that portions of Stevens’ out of 

court statements are missing.

83 He has not substantiated that claim. The Court 

reviews the cross-examination of Stevens and makes its own judgment about 

its effectiveness. 

Stevens’ testimony was helpful to Broomer on several points. First, she 

said she did not see Morris in the alley during the shooting, contrary to what 

Morris would testify.84 She claims to have seen four occupants of the blue 

Focus, contrary to the State’s claim that there were only two occupants.85 She 

could not identify anyone in the car, and she did not see anyone get out of the 

car.86 All of these points were helpful to Broomer, and for trial counsel to 

attempt to attack her credibility as Broomer suggests, would have undermined 

her helpfulness. The cross-examination of Tyezghaire Stevens clearly was 

not deficient and Broomer suffered no prejudice. 

E. Failure to Object to the Prosecution’s Closing Argument (Claim 5). 

82 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 4, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 50-52, D.I. 124. 

83 Id.

84 Tr. Aug. 11, 2016, Tyezghaire Stevens Cross-examination, at 88.

85 Id., at 91.

86 Id., at 93-94. 
29

Broomer faults both trial counsel and appellate counsel for failing to 

address what he refers to as prosecutorial misconduct in summation.87 This 

argument fails because appellate counsel did raise issues of prosecutorial 

misconduct of appeal. The Delaware Supreme Court was not persuaded.88 

New claims of failure on counsel’s part to address prosecutorial misconduct 

are not cited with specificity to the record and therefore are unsubstantiated.

F. Failure to Object to Evidence of Prior Drug Trial (Claim 6).

Broomer alleges that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to 

evidence of a prior drug trial and what he describes as “unchallenged hearsay 

testimony” from Morris that Broomer was upset that Mangrum had called him 

a snitch.89 Trial counsel’s affidavit explains that, because Broomer testified 

against Mangrum at the prior drug trial, evidence of that trial would have 

served to undercut the State’s theory that Broomer had a motive to harm 

Mangrum.90 Rather, it was Mangrum who had the motive to harm Broomer.91

Morris testified that he observed a trial in which Broomer and Mangrum 

were co-defendants.92 He further testified that Broomer testified falsely that 

the drugs that were the subject of the charges belonged to Mangrum.93 Morris 

87 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 2-4, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 53-56, D.I. 124.

88 Broomer v. State, at 7-13, D.I. 53. 

89 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 4, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp, at 57, D.I. 124.

90 Trial Counsel’s Aff. at 6, D.I. 81.

91 Id.

92 Tr. Aug. 11, 2016, Nicodemus Morris Direct Examination, at 140-41. 

93 Id., at 140.
30

then testified that Mangrum was angry with Broomer and told people what 

Broomer had done.94 After that, the two were no longer friends.95 Morris 

testified on re-direct examination that calling someone a snitch was deemed 

disrespectful and was not appreciated and would “cause problems.”96 

Again, Broomer’s failure to cite to the record with precision 

undermines his argument. He asserts that trial counsel failed to object to the 

hearsay statement that Broomer was upset that Mangrum called him a snitch. 

However, he does not identify a specific hearsay statement. To the extent he 

is referring to his own reaction, it is not hearsay. To the extent he is referring 

to Mangrum calling Broomer was a snitch, that statement is not hearsay 

because it was not offered to prove Broomer was a snitch. It was offered to 

elicit Broomer’s reaction to it. In any event, the record reflects that Morris 

made no explicit hearsay statement. Broomer has failed to substantiate his 

claim that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to object to hearsay 

testimony. Regarding the testimony about the drug trial generally, the Court 

finds trial counsel’s explanation a reasonable strategic choice and that does 

not rise to the level of a performance deficiency. Broomer suffered no 

prejudice from that strategic choice.

G. Carl Rone Issues (Claim 7). 

94 Id., at 141-42.

95 Id., at 143.

96 Tr. Aug. 11, 2016, Nicodemus Morris Re-direct Examination, at 212-13. 
31

Carl Rone (“Rone”), a forensic firearms examiner, testified for the State 

at trial and offered certain expert opinions. In May 2018, after trial and after 

the completion of Broomer’s direct appeal, Rone was arrested and charged 

with providing false information on time sheets for work in 2016 and 2017.97 

He later pled guilty to Theft by False Pretense and Falsifying Business 

Records.98

Broomer argues that: 1) exculpatory information about Rone’s criminal 

misdeeds was not provided to the defense in violation of the State’s Brady99

obligations; 2) trial counsel did not effectively cross-examine Rone; and 3) 

trial counsel did not retain a defense ballistics expert.

100

 The Rone claims 

miss the mark. Although the charges against Rone alleged illegal conduct 

during 2016 and 2017, there is no evidence that anyone other than Rone knew 

he was committing crimes at that time. Broomer does not explain how the 

State was supposed to disclose the details of Rone’s misconduct to the defense 

when the State was unaware of that misconduct itself. The Court is unaware 

of any rule of law requiring the retroactive re-examination of the State’s 

compliance with Brady solely because a witness was convicted of a crime 

97 D.I. 90, at 45-46.

98 Id.

99 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).

100 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 4; D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 59-63, D.I. 124. 
32

years after the witness testified. Thus, there is no basis to claim a Brady

violation. 

 The criticism of trial counsel’s cross-examination of Rone must be 

viewed in the context of what information was known to trial counsel, and 

trial counsel’s defense strategy. Since Rone’s criminality was unknown to the 

State, it obviously was unknown to trial counsel, and could not have provided 

a basis upon which to cross-examine Rone. Further, in devising a defense 

strategy, trial counsel was confronted with the incontrovertible fact that 

Broomer was the driver of a vehicle that fled from the scene of a homicide.101 

The strategy adopted by trial counsel – that Broomer was unaware Mayfield 

was going to shoot Mangrum and that he fled out of panic – was without doubt 

a reasonable strategy, and likely the best one available.102 On directexamination, Rone identified the .40 caliber handgun recovered from where a 

police officer saw it being thrown from Broomer’s car as having fired the .40 

caliber shell casings recovered from the homicide scene.103 Rone was unable 

to compare the 9mm casings from the scene with a particular weapon because 

no 9mm was recovered.104 He did determine that the 9mm casings were fired 

101 A police officer witnessed the shooting. A .40 caliber handgun was recovered 

from an area where another police officer saw it being thrown from Broomer’s 

vehicle and a .380 caliber handgun with one spent casing five live rounds was also 

found in the area along the path of the chase. 

102 Trial Counsel’s Aff., at 7-8, D.I. 81.

103 Tr, Aug, 11, 2016, Carl Rone Direct-Examination, at 23-23. 

104 Id.
33

from the same gun, however.105 Nothing in Rone’s testimony was inconsistent 

with the defense strategy, and in fact his testimony was consistent with it. 

Thus, there would have been no purpose in attacking Rone’s credentials or 

testimony.

Broomer claims that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to obtain a 

defense forensics firearm examiner. Because Rone’s conclusions supported 

the defense’s strategy, there was no need to retain one. That decision was 

reasonable and not a performance deficiency. Since postconviction counsel 

has not retained one either, it is mere conjecture that a defense expert would 

have contradicted Rone. Conjecture does not establish prejudice.

H. Failure to Investigate and Call Exculpatory Witnesses (Claim 8). 

Broomer suggests that two potential witnesses, Mildred Munce, and codefendant Atiba Mayfield, would have provided innocent explanations for 

him being at or near the crime scene.106 He alleges that the failure to call them 

amounted to IAC. He also claims text messages from a cell phone reflect an 

innocent intent to go grocery shopping nearby.

107

Trial counsel state in their affidavit that they hired a private investigator 

who interviewed a Katie Munce, as a potential witness.108 She provided no 

105 Id. at 24-26.

106 AMPCR, at 5, D.I. 79.

107 Id.

108 Trial Counsel’s Aff., at 8, D.I. 81.
34

useful information.109 They were not provided any information about Mildred 

Munce.110 Nor has Broomer provided an affidavit from Mildred Munce 

supporting his claim about her proposed testimony. Moreover, his claim that 

cell phone messages and Mildred Munce would establish that he was in the 

area to go grocery shopping is of marginal relevance at best. First, the State 

did not contest that he was in the vicinity of the grocery store. Second, it does 

not exclude killing Mangrum as an additional reason for being in the area. 

Finally, it does not explain why he was at the location of the homicide, which 

was not the grocery store. There is no reasonable likelihood that this 

additional evidence would have altered the outcome of the trial.

The claim relating to Mayfield fails as well. As the represented codefendant, Mayfield was not available to trial counsel to interview or call as a

witness without his consent. That consent almost certainly would not have 

been given. He had just been convicted at his own trial in June and was

pending sentencing. Any testimony he might give on Broomer’s behalf could 

have been used against him at any re-trial if his appeal was successful. More 

importantly, as trial counsel noted, Mayfield gave a statement to the police 

implicating Broomer.111

I. The Flight Instruction (Claim 9).

109 Id. 

110 Id.

111 Id.
35

Broomer claims trial counsel was ineffective in not objecting to the 

flight instruction given by the Court.112 The Court give the standard flight 

instruction which was fully supported by the facts.113 There was no 

performance deficiency or prejudice. 

J. The Accomplice Liability Instruction/Absence of Probst 

Instruction (Claim 10).

In the AMPCR , Broomer claims that trial counsel “should have more 

effectively challenged the absence of any evidence of being an accomplice 

and the use of the accomplice jury instruction.”114 The issue of the accomplice 

liability jury instruction was litigated on direct appeal. The Supreme Court 

upheld this Court’s instruction on accomplice liability.115 To the extent this 

claim seeks to re-litigate the propriety of that instruction, it is barred by Rule 

61(i)(2). To the extent it argues that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to 

object to the Court giving any accomplice liability instruction, it has no merit. 

There was ample evidence in the record for such an instruction.

In his Response, Broomer alleges that trial counsel was ineffective in 

not requesting a Probst116 specific unanimity instruction.117 But, specific 

unanimity on a principal/accomplice theory for conviction normally is not 

112 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 5-6, D.I. 79.

113 Superior Court Pattern Criminal Instructions, § 4.39.

114 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 6, D.I. 79.

115 Broomer v. State, at 4-6, D.I. 53.

116 Probst v. State, 547 A.2d 114 del. 1988).

117 Def.’s Resp., at 68-70, D.I. 124. 
36

required.

118 None of the specific circumstances requiring a specific unanimity 

instruction identified in Probst were present here.119

K. The Court’s Alleged Private Off the Record Communication with 

the Jury (Claim 11).

In his AMPCR, Broomer alleges that trial counsel should have objected 

to the Court speaking to the jury privately and off the record during 

deliberations, and to his personal absence from a teleconference on remand 

addressing the Batson issue.120 In his Response he alleges that the Court 

“announced that it was going into the jury room to see the jury with a court 

reporter. But he did not bring the court reporter with him.”121 He also makes 

oblique references to sidebar scheduling conferences, and a question from the 

jury.122 

At trial, the Court most emphatically did not engage in any private off 

the record conversations with the jury during its deliberations, or at any other 

time. The jury began its deliberations on August 15, 2016 but did not reach a 

verdict that day. With the permission of counsel, instead of reassembling 

everyone in the courtroom to excuse the jury, the Court, along with a court 

reporter, went into the jury room to excuse the jury for the day. There, the 

118 Probst, at 120.

119 Id., at 121.

120 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 6, D.I. 79.

121 Def.’s Resp., at 71, D.I. 124.

122 Id.
37

Court excused the jury, reminded them of the Court’s usual instructions, 

established a time to resume deliberations the following day, and instructed 

the jury not to resume their deliberations until all 12 jurors were present. 

Apparently that event was not transcribed. Regardless, the Court did not 

engage in any behavior prejudicial to Broomer. The other instances where 

Broomer complains he was not physically present were sidebar scheduling 

conferences and the Baston conference on remand.123 He is unable to show 

any prejudice because of his absence or performance deficiency by counsel.

L. Failure to Object to the Verdict Form (Claim 12).

Broomer faults trial counsel for failing to object to the verdict form 

because it did not contain a “hung jury” option.124 The jury was properly 

instructed and there is no legal basis for trial counsel to request a “hung jury” 

option. In any case, such a request would have been denied. 

M. Absence of a Batson Hearing on Remand (Claim 13). 

Broomer alleges appellate counsel should have “taken further steps to 

have a Batson hearing on remand,” at which the excusal of certain other jurors 

could have been explored.125 Broomer does not identify what further steps 

counsel should have undertaken. In his Response he mostly reiterates many 

of the same arguments advanced in his initial Batson argument. The Court 

123 Broomer was present when the jury’s note was answered.

124 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 6, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 57-59, D.I. 124.

125 Id.
38

has already addressed the bulk of this claim in Section V(A)(1), above. To 

the extent this claim argues for challenging the excusal of other jurors, such a 

challenge would have been outside the scope of remand. This Court was 

directed to complete its analysis of the Batson claim. It was not authorized to 

conduct a full-scale review of the jury selection process. 

N. Explaining the Conspiracy Charge to Broomer (Claim 14).

In his AMPCR, Broomer simply writes, trial counsel “explained to 

Defendant that if Defendant was found not guilty of Conspiracy, then he could 

not be found guilty of any of the other chargers. The jury verdict proved this 

not to be true.”126 In his Response, Broomer explains that this alleged 

misinformation adversely affected his consideration of the State’s plea 

offer.127 In their affidavit, trial counsel represent that they, “tried to explain 

to [Broomer] the legal requirements that the State needed to prove including 

theory of accomplice liability and how that theory applied to his case.”128 

Prior to the start of the trial, the Court conducted a colloquy with 

Broomer. The purpose of that colloquy was to discuss with him the State’s 

plea offer. The Court explained to Broomer the charges and potential 

sentences he was facing if he were to be convicted at trial, including a sentence 

126 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 6, D.I. 79.

127 Def.’s Resp., at 77, D.I. 124.

128 Trial Counsel’s Aff., at 10, D.I. 81.
39

of life without probation or parole on the murder first degree charge.129 The 

Court reviewed the plea offer extended by the State which contemplated a no 

contest plea to Manslaughter and PFDCF with certain sentencing 

agreements.130 Those agreements were that the State would not ask for more 

than 15 years in prison, while Broomer would not ask for less than eight.131 

The Court advised Broomer that it would order a presentence investigation 

and what information would be provided to the Court as a result of that 

investigation.

132

 The Court also told Broomer that it would take the parties 

sentencing recommendations very seriously, and absent some unforeseen 

circumstance there was a “very good likelihood” it would impose a sentence 

within the recommended range.133 Broomer told the Court he understood the 

terms of the plea offer.134 The Court told Broomer that his co-defendant, 

Mayfield, was convicted of first degree murder on virtually the same evidence 

the jury would hear in his case. 135 The Court then explained the concept of 

accomplice liability to him.136 Broomer told the Court he understood.

137

 He 

also told the Court that he had enough time to talk to trial counsel about his 

129 Tr. Aug. 8, 2016, at 4-5.

130 Id., at 6-7.

131 Id., at 8.

132 Id., at 7.

133 Id., at 8-9.

134 Id., at 9.

135 Id., at 9-10.

136 Id., at 10-11.

137 Id., at 11. 
40

decision, and that he had talked to his parents as well.138 The Court took the 

unusual step of trying to give Broomer a sense of perspective about an eight 

to 15 year sentence for someone his age.

139

 Lastly, Court provided Broomer 

with an additional opportunity to meet with trial counsel and his family.140 It 

was with a full understanding of the plea offer, the potential consequences of 

trial, the concept of accomplice liability, and the risks involved, Broomer 

elected to reject the plea offer.141

Considering the representations of trial counsel in their affidavit, and 

the extensive plea rejection colloquy the Court conducted with Broomer, the 

Court gives no weight to the unsworn allegation in the AMPCR and Response 

that trial counsel misled him about the consequences of an acquittal of the 

conspiracy charge. The simple fact is that Broomer was determined to go to 

trial, and no amount of persuasion would convince him otherwise.

O. Inadequate Investigation (Claim 15).

Broomer repeats his allegation that trial counsel’s investigation was 

inadequate because they did not interview unnamed people in a crowd at the 

scene of the shooting as well as Mildred Munce and Atiba Mayfield.142 In 

their affidavit, trial counsel state that they retained an investigator who, along

138 Id., at 11-12.

139 Id., at 13-15.

140 Id., at 15-16.

141 Id. 

142 Def.’s Resp., at 78, D.I. 124.
41

with trial counsel, interviewed anyone identified in the police reports and 

anyone Broomer wished to be interviewed.143 They also note Broomer was 

not cooperative with the defense team.144 Broomer has not identified any 

witnesses, other than Munce and Mayfield145 or what any witness would say 

helpful to Broomer. Broomer has failed to substantiate this claim.

P. The Cellphone (Claim 16).

Broomer claims that trial counsel were ineffective in not retrieving 

cellphone messages purporting to provide an innocent explanation for him 

being in the area to give Mildred Munce a ride to a store, or to have Munce or 

Mayfield testify to that effect.146 He also repeats his allegations regarding a 

trial counsel’s failure to retain a ballistics expert.147 Trial counsel state that 

they did review Broomer’s cellphone.148 They found no exculpatory 

information on it, but instead found incriminating information related to 

Broomer seeking to purchase of a gun.149

The Court previously addressed claims related to Munce and Mayfield 

in Section V(H) and to the value of a defense ballistics expert in Section V(G). 

143 Trial Counsel’s Aff. at 10-11, D.I. 81.

144 Id.

145 See, Sec. V(H).

146 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 7, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 79, D.I. 124.

147 Id.

148 Trial Counsel’s Aff. at 11, D.I. 79. 

149 Id.
42

There is no need to address them again here. Broomer has failed to 

substantiate this claim.

Q. Change of Venue (Claim 17). 

Broomer argues that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to move for 

a change of venue.150 There was no basis for changing the venue of trial and 

such a motion would have failed. Publicity was not extensive, and the Court 

had little difficulty impaneling an impartial jury. 

R. Unreported Sidebar Conferences (Claim 18).

 Broomer reiterates the allegations addressed above at Section V(K) 

and adds an allegation that appellate counsel was ineffective in failing to raise 

an issue about unreported sidebar conferences. Typically, the Court 

announced prior to an off the record sidebar conference that it would address 

scheduling matters.151 In fact, Broomer has not pointed to any off the record 

sidebar conference that was not preceded by the Court stating the sidebar 

conference would address scheduling. Broomer has failed to identify any 

prejudice to him because appellate counsel did not question “the absence of 

150 AMPCR, Attach. 1, at 7, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 80, D.I. 124.

151 See, e.g., Tr. Aug. 8, 2016, at 33 (THE COURT: Come to sidebar regarding 

scheduling); Id., at 192 (MR. ROBERTSON: Can we approach scheduling-wise? 

THE COURT: Sure); Tr. Aug. 11, 2016, at 50 (THE COURT: Thank you Mr. 

Rone. You can step down. Sidebar for scheduling); Tr. Aug. 12, 2016, at 119-20 

(THE COURT: Sidebar, please, regarding scheduling.). 
43

sidebar conversations in the record on appeal.” Thus, has failed to substantiate 

this claim. 

S. Failure to Advise Broomer He Could Appeal to the United States 

Supreme Court (Claim 19).

Broomer makes the claim in his Response that “Had Counsel appealed 

Broomer’s direct appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court, Broomer’s case would 

have been overturned due to the violation of his constitutional rights and 

violation of his 6th and 14th Amendment rights.”152 Appellate counsel disputes 

this claim.153 There is absolutely no reason to believe this assertion is true, 

and every reason to believe it is not. Broomer has not established that any of 

his constitutional rights were violated. He has failed to offer any persuasive 

reason the believe the United States Supreme Court, which grants certiorari 

in very few cases would have granted certiorari in his. So, even if appellate 

counsel had not advised him about an appeal to the United States Supreme 

Court, Broome cannot show prejudice.

T. Failure to Request a Chance Instruction (Claim 20).

Broomer withdrew this claim in his Response.154

U. Permitting Det. Fox to Testify as an Expert (Claim 21).

152 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 7, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp. at 82-83, D.I. 124.

153 Appellate Counsel’s Aff., at 8-9, D.I. 82.

154 Def.’s Resp., at 84, D.I. 124.
44

Broomer asserts that trial counsel allowed Det. Fox to testify as an 

expert without being designated as an expert witness.155 His specific 

complaint is somewhat difficult to fathom, but it appears to be that Det. Fox 

gave expert testimony comparing a .380 handgun recovered after the chase 

with a photograph of a gun on Broomer’s cellphone. This argument fails 

because the Delaware Supreme Court held that Det. Fox’s opinion that gun in 

the photograph is “consistent” with a gun recovered from the Focus was not 

an expert opinion.156 

VI. CONCLUSION

For the reasons set forth above, Defendant Michael Broomer’s 

Amended Motion for Postconviction Relief is DENIED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

/s/ Ferris W. Wharton

Ferris W. Wharton, Judge

155 AMPCR, Attach 1, at 7, D.I. 79; Def.’s Resp., at 85-86, D.I. 124.

156 Broomer v. State, at 16, D.I. 53.