773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94998 415.899.0700 

 ENVIRON International Corporation 

EMISSION PROFILES FOR EPA SPECIATE DATABASE, PART 2: EPAct FUELS 

(Evaporative Emissions) 

EPA Contract No. EP-D-07-102 

Work Assignment No. 1-09 

Prepared for:

Patricia Rowley 

Office of Transportation and Air Quality 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Ann Arbor, MI 48105 

Prepared by:

Chris E. Lindhjem 

ENVIRON International Corporation 

773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115 

Novato, CA 94998 

September 30, 2008 
September 2008 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1-1 

1.1 Purpose of Study.............................................................................................................. 1-1 

1.2 Project Objectives ............................................................................................................ 1-1 

2. 2.0 DATA COMPILATION................................................................................................ 2-1 

2.1 Emissions Studies Used ................................................................................................... 2-1 

2.2 Data Compilation and Average Profiles .......................................................................... 2-1 

2.3 Average Profiles............................................................................................................... 2-2 

APPENDICES 

Appendix A: Speciation Results 

TABLES 

Table 2-1. Data samples used in this study ................................................................................. 2-1 

Table 2-2. SPECIATE surrogates used in the final profiles........................................................ 2-2 

Table 2-3. Completed speciation tool runs.................................................................................. 2-3 
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Study 

The EPA maintains a database of emission profiles representative of mobile and stationary 

sources for use as inputs to models that provide insight to the future affects of transportation and 

fuels on the ambient air. The SPECIATE profiles have characteristics variable upon the emission 

source function, applied control methods, and often source fuel type. As the transportation 

industry standards change, control technologies become more stringent, and fuel composition 

begins to become more variable the existing SPECIATE profiles become out of date. Currently, 

transportation fleets are expected to begin using renewable fuels as an increasing rate that will 

alter the vehicle evaporative emissions. Also, passenger cars and trucks are moving to more Tier 

II type vehicles, which, at present, are not accurately represented in SPECIATE. The fleet 

turnover and fuel type changes provide the basis for the development of new passenger car and 

truck SPECIATE profiles. 

1.2 Project Objectives 

The purpose of this work was to: 1) review data collected from EPA that have volatile organic 

carbon (VOC) evaporative emissions data where the test fuels contain ethanol at nominally 0% 

volume (E0), E10, and E85, 2) recommend speciation profiles most applicable to current and 

future technologies and fuels, 3) prepare speciation profiles in SPECIATE, and 4) produce 

SMOKE-ready profiles. 

The evaporative emissions were originally prepared under EPA Contract No. EP-C-06-094, 

Work Assignment No. 1-7. EPA however wished to exclude some obvious exhaust chemicals 

compounds from the speciation that were in the original evaporative test data. 
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2.0 DATA COMPILATION 

2.1 Emissions Studies Used 

The data studies used in this work was the Auto/Oil Emissions Research (relevant CRC studies) 

on pre-Tier 2 light-duty vehicles, http://www.crcao.org/reports/auto-oil/default.htm 

Table 2-1 provides the sample sizes that were used to compile the average chemical composition. 

Other studies used older or specially designed vehicles and fuels unrepresentative of emissions 

from real world fuels and vehicles. 

Table 2-1. Data samples used in this study. 

Emission 

Profile 

E0 E10 E85 Evaporative 

Evaporative Auto\Oil Emissions 

Research 

(38 Vehicles and 1 Fuel) 

Auto\Oil Emissions 

Research 

(10 Vehicles and 1 Fuel) 

Auto\Oil Emissions 

Research 

(3 Vehicles and 1 Fuel) 

2.2 Data Compilation and Average Profiles 

From the studies, individual data points from each vehicle and fuel combination were analyzed 

and categorized by EPA SPECIATE chemical compositional type. The individual data points 

were grouped and quality assured using the procedure described in the report for EPA Contract 

No. EP-C-06-094, Work Assignment No. 1-7. Evaporative emissions profiles for E0, E10, and 

E15 fuels were obtained from the Auto/Oil study. The profiles include an average of individual 

test points for diurnal, hot soak, and running loss testing for 0% ethanol gasoline (Fuel A in the 

Auto\Oil study), 10% ethanol gasoline (Fuel T), and hot soak for 85% ethanol gasoline 

compositions on pre-Tier 2 light-duty vehicles. 

In addition, the evaporative emission profiles were modified to remove obvious exhaust 

components of methane, acetylene, ethane, ethane, propene, propadiene, and propylene. These 

compounds were removed and the remaining compounds renormalized proportionally to 100%. 

The exhaust components in the data may have been introduced through leaks in the exhaust 

system especially during running loss tests when the engine is running or off gassing such as 

from the crankcase in hot soak testing. The fraction of the obvious exhaust components that 

were removed from the profiles totaled 1.4% for E0, 1.3% for E10, and 0.5% for E85. Some 

other heavier exhaust components may remain in the profile but could not be identified as 

exclusively exhaust components. 

2.3 Average Profiles 

Appendix A shows the final profiles and the EPA SPECIATE4 identification of each compound. 

In very few cases, where the measured compound was not an exact match to a species in 

SPECIATE4, the most similar SPECIATE4 compound was used. These substitutions are 

provided in the Appendix summary profiles. 
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The individual profiles were provided in Excel format, and the average composition profiles 

were provided in SPECIATE and SMOKE-ready formats. In very few cases, where the 

measured compound was not an exact match to a species in the SPECIATE4 profile, the most 

similar SPECIATE4 compound was used and these are provided in the final report and in the 

summary databases provided. The report detailed the studies used and their representativeness 

and profiles used for the final analysis and those quality assurance steps necessary to produce 

consistent and representative profiles. 

In rare cases, compounds measured for the profiles did not have a one to one match with a 

SPECIATE identification code. A list of the compounds and the closest SPECIATE match that 

were used to create profiles are listed in Table 2-2. 

Table 2-2. SPECIATE surrogates used in the final profiles. 

Evaporative Profiles 

Original Chemical Analysis SPECIATE Substitution 

1c;2t;3-TM-CycPentane 1,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane 

1E-2M-Benzene 1-Methyl-2-ethylbenzene 

1;2;4-TM-Benzene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,3,4-trimethylbenzene) 

i-ButylBenzene (2-methylpropyl)benzene 

3E-c-2-Pentene 3-Ethylpentene 

tert-1B-3;5-DM-Benz 1-Methyl-2-tert-butylbenzene 

tert-1B-2M-Benzene (E85 only) 1-Methyl-2-tert-butylbenzene 

ENVIRON used the following procedure to prepare SMOKE profiles. The Speciation Tool1 was 

employed to generate the speciation input files required by SMOKE. These include both the 

speciation profiles GSPRO and the pollutant-to-pollutant (VOC-to-TOG) conversion factors 

GSCNV files. The Speciation Tool version 2 is a PostgreSQL database application developed by 

ENVIRON for EPA. 

The new profiles, defined by profile identifier, species identifier (unique identifier from 

SPECIATE 4.0) and weight percent of species, were imported to the Speciation Tool. Outputs 

were generated based on the chemical mechanism Carbon Bond version 2005 (CB05). The 

CB05 mechanism defines how much of the mass of each species or compound (for example, 2-

methylpentane, N-butane, etc.) is attributed to each of the lumped air quality modeling 

compounds; PAR, OLE, TOL, XYL, FORM, ALD2, ETH, ISOP, MEOH, ETOH, CH4, ETHA, 

IOLE, ALDX, TERP, UNR, NVOL. Based on the moles-per-moles factor of the CB05 

mechanism and the weight percent of the input speciation profile the Speciation Tool computes 

the criteria VOC split factors. 

The Speciation Tool requires the SMOKE inventory table, INVTABLE, which indicates if a 

compound is to be treated as a toxic and whether it is an active or tracer compound. The 

INVTABLE, invtable_hapcap_cb05soa_12sep2008_v3.txt, was provided to ENVIRON via 

email on 22 Sep 2008 by Madeleine Strum of EPA/OAQPS/EMAD/Air Quality Modeling 

Group. This application, significantly different from previous versions, indicates four toxic 

compounds. The active toxics are acetaldehyde, methyl alcohol, and formaldehyde. Benzene is 

specified as a tracer toxic. Table 2-3 identifies the four runs that were completed for this task. 

 

1

 ENVIRON. 2007. Speciation Tool User’s Guide, Version 2.0. September. 
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Table 2-3. Completed speciation tool runs. 

Run Type Mechanism Description 

No toxics CB05 All VOC model species, including toxic VOC species, 

are computed from criteria VOC emissions. 

No toxics CMAQ_CB05_SOA Benzene is the sole mechanism compound; with SOA 

mechanism application. 

Integrate toxics CB05 HAPs species (determined from INVTABLE) are to be 

integrated from a separate emission inventory. Part of 

the criteria VOC mass is replaced with HAP VOC mass. 

No HAP usea CMAQ_CB05_SOA_TX The mechanism definition maps all species to 

FORM_PRIMARY, ALD2_PRIMARY, BENZENE, and 

NONBAF. Indicates SOA mechanism application. a

 The mechanism files, INVTABLE, and sample control file for the no HAP use case were provided to ENVIRON via email by 

Allan Beidler on 25 Sep 2008. 
APPENDIX A 

Chemical Composition Profiles 
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Table B-3. Evaporative profile for E0. 

Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

Methanol 0.000% 0.000% 0

Ethanol 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Methane 1.267% 0 0.000%

Ethene 0.068% 0 0

Ethyne 0.001% 0 0

Ethane 0.020% 0 0

Propene 0.000% 0 0

Propane 0.256% 0.256% 0.260%

Propadiene 0.000% 0 0

Propyne 0.013% 0 0

2M-Propane 0.849% 0.849% 0.861%

2M-Propene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;3-Butadiene 0.292% 0.292% 0.296%

Butane 25.964% 25.964% 26.324%

t-2-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2-DM-Propane 0.038% 0.038% 0.038%

1-Butyne 0.097% 0.097% 0.099%

c-2-Butene 0.035% 0.035% 0.036%

3M-1-Butene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

2M-Butane 9.194% 9.194% 9.321%

2-Butyne 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Pentene 0.191% 0.191% 0.194%

2M-1-Butene 0.555% 0.555% 0.562%

Pentane 6.153% 6.153% 6.239%

2M-1;3-Butadiene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

t-2-Pentene 1.064% 1.064% 1.079%

3;3-DM-1-Butene 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

c-2-Pentene 0.552% 0.552% 0.560%

2M-2-Butene 1.712% 1.712% 1.735%

Cyclopentadiene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2-DM-Butane 0.902% 0.902% 0.914%

Cyclopentene 0.121% 0.121% 0.122%

4M-1-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3M-1-Pentene 0.006% 0.006% 0.006%

Cyclopentane 0.300% 0.300% 0.304%

2;3-DM-Butane 1.242% 1.242% 1.260%

MTBE 0.537% 0.537% 0.544%

4M-c-2-Pentene 0.196% 0.196% 0.199%

2M-Pentane 4.651% 4.651% 4.716%

4M-t-2-Pentene 0.093% 0.093% 0.094%

3M-Pentane 2.338% 2.338% 2.371%

2M-1-Pentene 0.080% 0.080% 0.081%

1-Hexene 0.048% 0.048% 0.049%

Hexane 2.217% 2.217% 2.248%

t-3-Hexene 0.060% 0.060% 0.061%

c-3-Hexene 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

t-2-Hexene 0.165% 0.165% 0.168%

3M-t-2-Pentene 0.294% 0.294% 0.298%

2M-2-Pentene 0.066% 0.066% 0.067%

3M-Cyclopentene 0.586% 0.586% 0.594%

c-2-Hexene 0.033% 0.033% 0.033%

ETBE 0.383% 0.383% 0.388%

2;2-DM-Pentane 0.007% 0.007% 0.007%
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Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

M-Cyclopentane 0.820% 0.820% 0.832%

2;4-DM-Pentane 0.558% 0.558% 0.566%

2;2;3-TM-Butane 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

Benzene 3.318% 3.318% 3.364%

3M-1-Hexene 0.024% 0.024% 0.024%

3;3-DM-Pentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Cyclohexane 0.054% 0.054% 0.055%

2M-Hexane 0.758% 0.758% 0.768%

2;3-DM-Pentane 0.871% 0.871% 0.883%

Cyclohexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3M-Hexane 0.817% 0.817% 0.828%

c-1;3-DM-CyPentane 0.041% 0.041% 0.041%

t-1;2-DM-Cypentane 0.057% 0.057% 0.057%

1-Heptene 0.012% 0.012% 0.012%

2;2;4-TM-Pentane 1.984% 1.984% 2.012%

t-3-Heptene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

Heptane 0.618% 0.618% 0.627%

2M-2-Hexene 0.018% 0.018% 0.018%

3M-t-3-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-2-Heptene 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

3E-c-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4;4-TM-1-Pentene 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

2;3-DM2;-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Heptene 0.004% 0.004% 0.004%

M-Cyclohexane 0.198% 0.198% 0.201%

2;2-DM-Hexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4;4-TM-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;5-DM-Hexane 0.070% 0.070% 0.071%

E-Cyclopentane 0.032% 0.032% 0.033%

2;4-DM-Hexane 0.148% 0.148% 0.150%

3;3-DM-Hexane 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

2;3;4-TM-Pentane 0.917% 0.917% 0.929%

Toluene 9.643% 9.643% 9.777%

2;3-DM-Hexane 0.090% 0.090% 0.091%

2M-Heptane 0.206% 0.206% 0.208%

4M-Heptane 0.029% 0.029% 0.029%

3M-Heptane 0.305% 0.305% 0.309%

1c;2t;3-TM-Cycpentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

t-1;4-DM-CycHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2;5-TM-Hexane 0.037% 0.037% 0.037%

1-Octene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-4-Octene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Octane 0.181% 0.181% 0.184%

t-2-Octene 0.018% 0.018% 0.018%

t-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Octene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;3;5-TM-Hexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4-DM-Heptane 0.050% 0.050% 0.051%

1c-2DM-Cyclohexane 0.029% 0.029% 0.029%

E-CycHexane 0.059% 0.059% 0.060%

3;5-DM-Heptane 0.033% 0.033% 0.034%

E-Benzene 2.521% 2.521% 2.556%

2;3-DM-Heptane 0.001% 0.001% 0.002%

m&p-Xylene 5.945% 5.945% 6.028%
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Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

4M-Octane 0.048% 0.048% 0.049%

3M-Octane 0.031% 0.031% 0.032%

Styrene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

o-Xylene 2.054% 2.054% 2.082%

1-Nonene 0.032% 0.032% 0.032%

Nonane 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

i-PropBenzene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

2;2-DM-Octane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4-DM-Octane 0.033% 0.033% 0.033%

n-PropBenzene 0.196% 0.196% 0.198%

1M-3E-Benzene 1.306% 1.306% 1.324%

1M-4E-Benzene 0.502% 0.502% 0.509%

1;3;5-TM-Benzene 0.386% 0.386% 0.392%

1E-2M-Benzene 0.227% 0.227% 0.230%

1;2;4-TM-Benzene 1.314% 1.314% 1.333%

Decane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

s-ButBenzene 0.021% 0.021% 0.021%

1M-4-i-ButBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;3-TM-Benzene 0.138% 0.138% 0.140%

Indan 0.050% 0.050% 0.051%

1;3-DE-Benzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;4-DE-Benzene 0.057% 0.057% 0.058%

nButBenzene 0.136% 0.136% 0.138%

1;2-DE-Benzene 0.050% 0.050% 0.051%

Undecane 0.082% 0.082% 0.083%

1;2;4;5-TetMBenzene 0.006% 0.006% 0.006%

1;2;3;5-TetMBenzene 0.018% 0.018% 0.018%

1;2;3;4-TetMBenzene 0.128% 0.128% 0.130%

Naphthalene 0.030% 0.030% 0.031%

Dodecane 0.007% 0.007% 0.007%
September 2008 

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Table B-3. Evaporative profile for E10. 

Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

Methanol 0.000% 0.000% 0

Ethanol 11.896% 11.896% 12.054%

Methane 1.281% 0 0

Ethene 0.026% 0 0

Ethyne 0.000% 0 0

Ethane 0.000% 0 0

Propene 0.000% 0 0

Propane 0.413% 0.413% 0.418%

Propadiene 0.000% 0 0

Propyne 0.000% 0 0

2M-Propane 0.906% 0.906% 0.918%

2M-Propene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

1-Butene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

1;3-Butadiene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Butane 15.082% 15.082% 15.281%

t-2-Butene 0.015% 0.015% 0.015%

2;2-DM-Propane 0.006% 0.006% 0.006%

1-Butyne 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Butene 0.038% 0.038% 0.039%

3M-1-Butene 0.030% 0.030% 0.030%

2M-Butane 8.570% 8.570% 8.683%

2-Butyne 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Pentene 0.178% 0.178% 0.180%

2M-1-Butene 0.472% 0.472% 0.478%

Pentane 5.704% 5.704% 5.780%

2M-1;3-Butadiene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

t-2-Pentene 0.825% 0.825% 0.836%

3;3-DM-1-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Pentene 0.263% 0.263% 0.267%

2M-2-Butene 0.926% 0.926% 0.939%

Cyclopentadiene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

2;2-DM-Butane 1.017% 1.017% 1.030%

Cyclopentene 0.026% 0.026% 0.026%

4M-1-Pentene 0.004% 0.004% 0.004%

3M-1-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Cyclopentane 0.319% 0.319% 0.323%

2;3-DM-Butane 1.519% 1.519% 1.539%

MTBE 0.319% 0.319% 0.323%

4M-c-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2M-Pentane 4.698% 4.698% 4.761%

4M-t-2-Pentene 0.030% 0.030% 0.031%

3M-Pentane 2.050% 2.050% 2.077%

2M-1-Pentene 0.015% 0.015% 0.016%

1-Hexene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

Hexane 2.536% 2.536% 2.570%

t-3-Hexene 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

c-3-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-2-Hexene 0.025% 0.025% 0.026%

3M-t-2-Pentene 0.034% 0.034% 0.035%

2M-2-Pentene 0.020% 0.020% 0.020%

3M-Cyclopentene 0.562% 0.562% 0.570%

c-2-Hexene 0.008% 0.008% 0.008%

ETBE 0.029% 0.029% 0.030%

2;2-DM-Pentane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%
September 2008 

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Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

M-Cyclopentane 0.566% 0.566% 0.574%

2;4-DM-Pentane 1.228% 1.228% 1.244%

2;2;3-TM-Butane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

Benzene 3.187% 3.187% 3.229%

3M-1-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3;3-DM-Pentane 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

Cyclohexane 0.027% 0.027% 0.027%

2M-Hexane 0.424% 0.424% 0.429%

2;3-DM-Pentane 1.919% 1.919% 1.944%

Cyclohexene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

3M-Hexane 0.441% 0.441% 0.447%

c-1;3-DM-CycloPentane 0.015% 0.015% 0.015%

t-1;2-DM-CycloPentane 0.023% 0.023% 0.023%

1-Heptene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2;4-TM-Pentane 3.354% 3.354% 3.398%

t-3-Heptene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

Heptane 0.549% 0.549% 0.556%

2M-2-Hexene 0.004% 0.004% 0.004%

3M-t-3-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-2-Heptene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

3E-c-2-Pentene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

2;4;4-TM-1-Pentene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

2;3-DM-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Heptene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

M-Cyclohexane 0.066% 0.066% 0.067%

2;2-DM-Hexane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

2;4;4-TM-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;5-DM-Hexane 0.045% 0.045% 0.045%

E-Cyclopentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4-DM-Hexane 0.330% 0.330% 0.334%

3;3-DM-Hexane 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

2;3;4-TM-Pentane 2.146% 2.146% 2.174%

Toluene 14.336% 14.336% 14.525%

2;3-DM-Hexane 0.086% 0.086% 0.087%

2M-Heptane 0.042% 0.042% 0.043%

4M-Heptane 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

3M-Heptane 0.081% 0.081% 0.082%

1c;2t;3-TM-CycPentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

t-1;4-DM-CycHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2;5-TM-Hexane 0.101% 0.101% 0.102%

1-Octene 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

t-4-Octene 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

Octane 0.092% 0.092% 0.094%

t-2-Octene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Octene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;3;5-TM-Hexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4-DM-Heptane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1c-2-DM-CycloHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

E-CycHexane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3;5-DM-Heptane 0.045% 0.045% 0.046%

E-Benzene 1.721% 1.721% 1.744%

2;3-DM-Heptane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

m&p-Xylene 4.649% 4.649% 4.711%
September 2008 

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Gas Species Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

4M-Octane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

3M-Octane 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

Styrene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

o-Xylene 1.774% 1.774% 1.798%

1-Nonene 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

Nonane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

i-PropBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2-DM-Octane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;4-DM-Octane 0.023% 0.023% 0.024%

n-PropBenzene 0.100% 0.100% 0.101%

1M-3E-Benzene 1.073% 1.073% 1.088%

1M-4E-Benzene 0.248% 0.248% 0.252%

1;3;5-TM-Benzene 0.204% 0.204% 0.206%

1E-2M-Benzene 0.022% 0.022% 0.022%

1;2;4-TM-Benzene 0.926% 0.926% 0.938%

Decane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

s-ButBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1M-4-i-ButBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;3-TM-Benzene 0.073% 0.073% 0.074%

Indan 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;3-DE-Benzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;4-DE-Benzene 0.017% 0.017% 0.017%

n-ButBenzene 0.043% 0.043% 0.044%

1;2-DE-Benzene 0.087% 0.087% 0.088%

Undecane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;4;5-TetMBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;3;5-TetMBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;3;4-TetMBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Naphthalene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Dodecane 0.054% 0.054% 0.055%
September 2008 

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Table B-3. Evaporative profile for E85. 

Gas Species Original Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

Methane 0.474% 0 0

Methanol 2.438% 2.438% 2.450%

Ethanol 61.230% 61.230% 61.533%

Ethene 0.000% 0 0

Ethyne 0.016% 0 0

Ethane 0.000% 0 0

Propene 0.002% 0 0

Propane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Propadiene 0.000% 0 0

Propyne 0.000% 0 0

2M-Propane 0.333% 0.333% 0.335%

2M-Propene 0.045% 0.045% 0.045%

1-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;3-Butadiene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Butane 6.426% 6.426% 6.458%

t-2-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2-DM-Propane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Butyne 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Butene 0.131% 0.131% 0.131%

3M-1-Butene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2M-Butane 2.909% 2.909% 2.924%

2-Butyne 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Pentene 0.049% 0.049% 0.049%

2M-1-Butene 0.112% 0.112% 0.112%

Pentane 1.289% 1.289% 1.295%

2M-1;3-Butadiene 0.025% 0.025% 0.025%

t-2-Pentene 0.213% 0.213% 0.214%

3;3-DM-1-Butene 0.055% 0.055% 0.055%

c-2-Pentene 0.122% 0.122% 0.123%

2M-2-Butene 0.247% 0.247% 0.248%

Cyclopentadiene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2-DM-Butane 0.245% 0.245% 0.247%

Cyclopentene 0.035% 0.035% 0.035%

4M-1-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3M-1-Pentene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

Cyclopentane 0.104% 0.104% 0.105%

2;3-DM-Butane 0.511% 0.511% 0.513%

MTBE 0.080% 0.080% 0.080%

4M-c-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2M-Pentane 1.340% 1.340% 1.346%

4M-t-2-Pentene 0.022% 0.022% 0.022%

3M-Pentane 0.670% 0.670% 0.673%

2M-1-Pentene 0.053% 0.053% 0.054%

1-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

Hexane 0.606% 0.606% 0.609%

t-3-Hexene 0.040% 0.040% 0.040%

c-3-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-2-Hexene 0.069% 0.069% 0.070%

3M-t-2-Pentene 0.082% 0.082% 0.083%

2M-2-Pentene 0.035% 0.035% 0.036%

3M-Cyclopentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Hexene 0.030% 0.030% 0.030%

3M-c-2 Pentene 0.078% 0.078% 0.079%

2;2-DM-Pentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%
September 2008 

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Gas Species Original Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

M-Cyclopentane 0.269% 0.269% 0.270%

2;4-DM-Pentane 0.511% 0.511% 0.514%

2;2;3-TM-Butane 0.002% 0.002% 0.002%

3;4-DM-1-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1M-Cyclopentene 0.067% 0.067% 0.067%

Benzene 0.542% 0.542% 0.545%

3M-1-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

3;3-DM-Pentane 0.040% 0.040% 0.040%

Cyclohexane 0.066% 0.066% 0.066%

2M-Hexane 0.219% 0.219% 0.220%

2;3-DM-Pentane 0.916% 0.916% 0.920%

Cyclohexene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

3M-Hexane 0.310% 0.310% 0.311%

c-1;3-DM-CycloPentane 0.060% 0.060% 0.061%

3E-Pentane 0.082% 0.082% 0.083%

t-1;2-DM-CycloPentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1-Heptene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;2;4-TM-Pentane 1.949% 1.949% 1.958%

t-3-Heptene 0.017% 0.017% 0.017%

Heptane 0.279% 0.279% 0.281%

2M-2-Hexene 0.048% 0.048% 0.049%

3M-t-3-Hexene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

t-2-Heptene 0.017% 0.017% 0.017%

3E-c-2-Pentene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

2;4;4-TM-1-Pentene 0.028% 0.028% 0.028%

2;3-DM-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-2-Heptene 0.025% 0.025% 0.026%

M-Cyclohexane 0.214% 0.214% 0.215%

2;2-DM-Hexane 0.120% 0.120% 0.121%

2;4;4-TM-2-Pentene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

2;5-DM-Hexane 0.218% 0.218% 0.219%

2;4-DM-Hexane 0.307% 0.307% 0.308%

3;3-DM-Hexane 0.007% 0.007% 0.007%

2;3;4-TM-Pentane 0.577% 0.577% 0.580%

2;3;3-TM-Pentane 0.577% 0.577% 0.580%

Toluene 5.193% 5.193% 5.218%

2;3-DM-Hexane 0.272% 0.272% 0.273%

2M-Heptane 0.158% 0.158% 0.159%

4M-Heptane 0.061% 0.061% 0.061%

3M-Heptane 0.166% 0.166% 0.167%

1c;2t;3-TM-CycPentane 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

c-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.031% 0.031% 0.031%

t-1;4-DM-CycHexane 0.009% 0.009% 0.009%

2;2;5-TM-Hexane 0.208% 0.208% 0.209%

1-Octene 0.006% 0.006% 0.006%

t-4-Octene 0.008% 0.008% 0.008%

Octane 0.112% 0.112% 0.112%

t-2-Octene 0.018% 0.018% 0.018%

t-1;3-DM-CycHexane 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

c-2-Octene 0.005% 0.005% 0.005%

2;3;5-TM-Hexane 0.013% 0.013% 0.013%

2;4-DM-Heptane 0.008% 0.008% 0.008%

1c-2-DM-CycloHexane 0.006% 0.006% 0.006%

E-CycHexane 0.024% 0.024% 0.024%

3;5-DM-Heptane 0.019% 0.019% 0.019%
September 2008 

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Gas Species Original Wt % Zero Out

Normalized 

Wt. % 

E-Benzene 0.651% 0.651% 0.654%

2;3-DM-Heptane 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

m&p-Xylene 1.670% 1.670% 1.679%

2M-Octane 0.043% 0.043% 0.044%

3M-Octane 0.060% 0.060% 0.060%

Styrene 0.043% 0.043% 0.043%

o-Xylene 0.535% 0.535% 0.538%

1-Nonene 0.033% 0.033% 0.033%

Nonane 0.022% 0.022% 0.022%

i-PropBenzene 0.036% 0.036% 0.037%

2;2-DM-Octane 0.028% 0.028% 0.028%

2;4-DM-Octane 0.046% 0.046% 0.046%

n-PropBenzene 0.114% 0.114% 0.114%

1M-3E-Benzene 0.514% 0.514% 0.516%

1M-4E-Benzene 0.183% 0.183% 0.184%

1;3;5-TM-Benzene 0.209% 0.209% 0.210%

1E-2M-Benzene 0.151% 0.151% 0.151%

1;2;4-TM-Benzene 0.592% 0.592% 0.594%

Decane 0.055% 0.055% 0.055%

i-ButylBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

s-ButBenzene 0.003% 0.003% 0.003%

1M-3-i-PropBenzene 0.023% 0.023% 0.023%

1;2;3-TM-Benzene 0.105% 0.105% 0.105%

1M-4-i-PropBenzene 0.071% 0.071% 0.071%

Indan 0.071% 0.071% 0.072%

1M-2-i-PropBenzene 0.018% 0.018% 0.018%

1;3-DE-Benzene 0.004% 0.004% 0.004%

1;4-DE-Benzene 0.022% 0.022% 0.022%

1M-3-n-PropBenzene 0.106% 0.106% 0.107%

1M-4-n-PropBenzene 0.133% 0.133% 0.134%

1;2-DE-Benzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1M-2-n-PropBenzene 0.049% 0.049% 0.050%

1;4-DM-2-E-Benzene 0.027% 0.027% 0.027%

1;3-DM-4-E-Benzene 0.024% 0.024% 0.024%

1;2-DM-4-E-Benzene 0.074% 0.074% 0.074%

1;3-DM-2-E-Benzene 0.019% 0.019% 0.019%

Undecane 0.069% 0.069% 0.070%

1;2-DM-3-E-Benzene 0.015% 0.015% 0.015%

1;2;4;5-TetMBenzene 0.022% 0.022% 0.022%

2M-ButylBenzene 0.000% 0.000% 0.000%

1;2;3;5-TetMBenzene 0.085% 0.085% 0.086%

tert-1B-2M-Benzene 0.048% 0.048% 0.048%

1;2;3;4-TetMBenzene 0.016% 0.016% 0.016%

n-PentBenzene 0.050% 0.050% 0.050%

tert-1B-3;5-DM-Benz 0.002% 0.002% 0.003%

Naphthalene 0.031% 0.031% 0.031%

Dodecane 0.009% 0.009% 0.009%