p.1 

RCRA Box 1883 

Prepped by Ollie Stewart 

Document Number: 

92) ll-B-254 

Docket Number: 

A-90-19 

Printed 12/3/200810:42:16 AM Sheet 92 of 171 
P.2 

» • 

i r A-90-19 RADIAN M-B2B4 

CORPORATIO N 

MEMORANDUM 

TO: Les Evans. EPA/CPB <^0 

FROM: Thomas Olsen, Radian Corporation 

DATE: September 17, 1991 , ,.«_ AI« DQC K 

SUBJECT: Development of Model Emission Source Characteristics" 

for SOCMI Process Vents 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

To assess the national impacts of the Hazardous Organic 

NESHAP (HON) regulatory options for process vent air emissions 

from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI) 

facilities, the impacts of the options on all SOCMI facilities 

would ideally be examined. However, because the detailed 

information for such an assessment was not available for each 

facility in the country, baseline emissions and national impacts 

were estimated using model process vent streams to approximate 

the process vent streams from different production processes 

found at SOCMI facilities. 

Model process vent streams were developed to represent the 

broad range of production processes as well as the range of 

emissions common in the industry. Existing data from previous 

New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for the SOCMI were 

reviewed to develop the characteristics for model process vent 

streams. 

The procedure used to develop these vent stream 

characteristics is described in the following sections. 

Section 2.0 discusses how the data were gathered, and the 

development of the models is discussed in Section 3.0. Examples 

of the model development procedure are presented in Appendices A, 

B, and C. 

MESC(HTN03)(LS) 

Progress Center/3200 E. Chapel Hill Rd./Nelson Hwy./P.O. Box 13000/Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709/(919)541-9100 
P.3 

2.0 DATA GATHERING 

During the mid 1980s, NSPS were developed for process vent 

emissions from SOCMI distillation operations, reactor processes, 

and air oxidation processes. For each standard, a Background 

Information Document (BID) was developed that characterized 

the vent streams associated with each process vent type, in terms 

of flow rate, heat content, and VOC concentration of each stream. 

These vent stream characteristics were developed from information 

gathered under the authority of Section 114 of the Clean Air Act 

and focused on emissions of VOCs. 

For model development, the data presented in the NSPS BID'S 

were used to develop three data bases — one for each respective 

vent type. The information stored in these data bases is 

described in Table 2-1. For most streams, the distillation and 

reactor BID'S contain data for process capacity, volumetric flow 

rate, heat content, stream temperature, oxygen content, and VOC 

mass flow rate. The Ideal Gas Law was used to calculate the 

total stream mass flow rate. The total stream mass flow rate was 

used to calculate VOC weight percent as follows: 

VOC weight Percent = VOC Mass Flow Rate (lb/yr) 

Total Stream Mass Flow Rate (lb/yr) 

The air oxidation NSPS BID only provided information on 

stream flow rate, VOC mass flow rate, and heat content. A 

separate summary of the original Section 114 questionnaire data 

and the actual responses ' were used to identify process 

capacity, stream temperature, and oxygen content. The Ideal Gas 

Law was also used to calculate the total stream mass flow rate 

for air oxidation streams. 

Information on HAP content was not provided in the NSPS 

BID's, so the Section 114 questionnaires used to develop the 

BID'S were examined. For reactor and distillation vents, 

speciated vent stream composition was provided in a summary of 

the Section 114 responses.16 The overall HAP emission rate for 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 2 
P.4 

TABLE 2-1. PROCESS VENTS MODEL STREAM CHARACTERISTICS 

1) Model stream name 

2) Reaction type (if applicable) 

3) Process capacity corresponding to the model stream 

(1,000,000 kg) 

4) Number of distillation columns (if applicable) 

5) Column operating conditions (if applicable) 

6) Model stream flow rate (scfm) 

7) Model stream heat content (Btu/scf) 

8) Model stream temperature (°F) 

9) Model stream oxygen content (volume percent) 

10) Model stream VOC composition (weight percent) 

11) Model stream HAP composition (weight percent) 

12) Annual VOC emission rate (kg/yr) 

13) Annual HAP emission rate (kg/yr) 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 
P.5 

each stream was estimated by summing the emission rates of each 

HAP compound reported for the vent stream. 

Stream composition information in the air oxidation 

Section 114 questionnaire summary was presented in terms of feed 

stock, product, and other VOCs. For example, a stream might be 

2 percent unreacted feed stock, 5 percent product, and 2 percent 

other VOCs with the balance being oxygen, nitrogen, water, 

carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The ideal 

chemical reaction equation was used to provide some indication of 

what percent of "other VOC" was also HAP. The mass flow rate of 

HAP's was estimated by adding the flow rate of "other VOCs" to 

the flow rates for the feed stock (if it was a HAP) and product 

(if it was a HAP). 

For reactor, distillation, and air oxidation vent streams, 

stream HAP weight percentage was calculated as follows: 

HAP Mass Flow Rate _ HAP Weight Percent 

VOC Mass Flow Rate VOC Weight Percent 

or 

HAP Weight Percent = ("** i_ass ^ o w j^6) * vo c Weight Percent 

\VOC Mass Flow Rate/ 

For some streams, HAP weight percentage could not be derived from 

the available data. For these streams, the following equation 

was used: 

weight = WeTght * (Average HAP Weight Percent j 

Percent Percent \Average VOC Weight Percent/ 

where the average HAP and VOC weight percentages were calculated 

as the mean of the values for all streams for which HAP data were 

available. The HAP mass flow rate was calculated as follows:10 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 
HAP VOC 

Hassnow = Mass Flow * ("g Wei ?

h t Percent\ 

Rate Rate \VOC Weight Percent/ 

Some streams in the NSPS BID'S lacked data for stream 

temperature or stream oxygen content. When such data were not 

available from the Section 114 responses, average values were 

used. These average values were calculated as the mean of the 

values for all streams for which the data were available. 

3.0 MODEL DEVELOPMENT 

The process vent data bases developed for the HON were used 

to generate model streams to characterize uncontrolled emission 

streams or emission streams located upstream of combustion 

devices. The models represent vent streams from reactor 

processes, distillation operations, or air oxidation processes. 

Model stream characteristics were developed for each vent type 

for specific production processes and for general process types. 

The production process-specific streams, or Type A models, 

represent an actual production process, as described in the SOCMI 

NSPS BID'S. The generic model streams, or Type B models, 

represent a general classification of the production processes 

for which specific information was not presented in the SOCMI 

NSPS BID'S, such as a model for a process using a halogenation 

reaction. 

3.1 Type A Uncontrolled Models 

The completed data bases were used to generate the Type A 

model streams for the specific production processes identified in 

each NSPS BID. If only a single stream was identified for a 

particular production process, its characteristics were 

designated as the model. If multiple streams were identified for 

a particular production process, then a single set of vent stream 

characteristics were developed based on median characteristics, 

weighting by capacity, or weighting by flow rate. Examples of 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 
P.7 

the model development procedure are presented in Appendices A, B, 

and C. 

The vent stream characteristics for each Type A production 

process were derived from data on all existing production process 

streams presented in the NSPS BID'S. The percent oxygen 

represents the median oxygen value. The stream temperature 

represents the median temperature value. 

The model capacity represents the median of all the 

capacities associated with vent streams for that production 

process. For example, data were available for five reactor vent 

streams from the production of cumene by alkylation. After 

sorting the streams from lowest to highest capacity, the capacity 

of the third stream would be the median capacity and, therefore, 

the capacity for the model for that production process. 

Model flow rate was calculated as presented in the following 

equation: 

Model Flow Rate = Median Capacity m g plo w Rat e 

S i=l 

2 Capacity 

i=l 

where median capacity is for stream i=l through N. The number of 

columns, VOC emissions, and HAP emissions were calculated with 

the same approach, by replacing the sum of the flow rates with 

the sum of the respective characteristics. 

Model heat content and VOC weight percent were calculated as 

weighted averages based on flow rate. The model heat content was 

calculated as shown in the following equation: 

Model Heat Content = S ( <Hea t Content)! * (Flow Rate)i^ 

i=l N 

E Flow Rate 

i-l 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 
P.8 

A similar calculation was used to calculate the weight percent 

VOC and the weight percent HAP. The weight percent VOC was 

calculated as shown: 

Weight Percent VOC = E I &ei3

ht Percent VOC) i * (Flow Rate)i^ 

i=l N 

E Flow Rate 

i=l 

Model vent stream characteristics for air oxidation 

processes are presented in Table 2-2 and distillation operation 

model vent stream characteristics are presented in Table 2-3. 

Because occasionally a chemical is manufactured using both an 

atmospheric distillation column and a vacuum distillation column, 

data for the characteristics of both types of streams were 

combined to represent a single distillation operation. In 

addition, the number of operating columns for each model was 

developed to estimate impacts per operating column. The 

developed model vent stream represents one combined vent stream 

for all distillation columns used in the process. 

The specific model vent stream characteristics for reactor 

processes are shown in Table 2-4. For reactor processes, the 

production process for the model is specific to the actual 

reaction type for each product. For example, two sets of model 

vent stream characteristics were developed for linear 

alkylbenzene. The first model vent stream represents the 

neutralization reaction, and the second model vent stream 

represents the alkylation reaction. 

3.2 Type B Uncontrolled Models 

Type B models, or generic models, were developed to 

represent production processes with no specified stream 

information in the SOCMI NSPS BID'S. The Type B model streams 

were developed using the same approach presented in Section 3.1 

for development of Type A models. However, the stream 

NESC(HTM03)(LS) 
TABLE 2-2. Category A Air Oxidation Emission Model Vent Streams 

HAP Product 

Process 

Production 

Capacity 

(Cg/yr) 

Acetaldehyde 

Acrylonitrile 

Ethylene Oxide 

Formaldehyde 

Maleic Anhydride 

Phthalic Anhydride 

Terephthalic Acid 

Acetaldehyde via ethanol 

Acrylonitrile from aaaonia t propylene 

Ethylene Oxide via direct oxidation 

Formaldehyde 

Maleic Anhydride via oxidation of benzene 

Phthalic Anhydride 

Terephthalic Acid 

54.20 

99.79 

63.50 

16.78 

18.14 

40.82 

209.10 

Stream Characteristics 

Heat Temp Oxygen Total VOC VOC HAP MAP 

Flowrate Content Content EM. Rate Composition Em. Rate Cofrpo«iti< 

(scfm) (Btu/scf) (F) (vol X) (Mg/yr) (wtX) (Mg/yr) (MtX) 

9923.37 

56968.14 

27243.80 

5023.00 

35974.87 

61046.06 

46279.65 

16.26 

25.92 

5.91 

1.37 

10.10 

2.98 

7.59 

52.00 

111.50 

270.00 

95.00 

100.00 

113.00 

92.00 

0.95 

4.49 

4.30 

6.07 

13.29 

12.40 

5.32 

60.96 

12389.06 

1775.74 

239.44 

1719.55 

2467.44 

1168.14 

0.03 

0.65 

0.07 

0.08 

0.27 

2.77 

0.18 

60.01 

2569.70 

1772.34 

215.09 

1681.23 

1811.55 

114.90 

0.03 

0.12 

0.07 

0.07 

0.26 

2.58 

0.03 

ts:s-::sc : SS£E::::SS : 

09 

TJ 

CO 
TABLE 2-3. Category A Distillation Emission Model Vent Streams 

\o 

Product 

-._-----_-..--_-=_...--__ 

Acetic Acid 

Adiponitrile 

Allyl Alcohol 

Allyl Chloride 

Aniline 

Butadiene 

Caprolactum 

Carbon Disulfide 

Carbon Tetrachloride 

Chlorobenzene 

Chlorodifluoromethane 

Cumene 

Cyclohexane 

CycIohexanone/cycI ohexane 

Dichlorodifluoromethane 

Dimethyl Terephthalate 

Ethanolamines 

Ethyl Acrylate 

Ethylacetate 

Ethylbenzene 

Ethylene Glycol 

Formaldehyde 

Mesityl Oxide 

Methanol 

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 

Methyl Methacrylate 

Nitrobenzene 

Number 

of 

Columns 

========== 

7 

9 

3 

2 

2 

3 

7 

2 

3 

1 

6 

4 

1 

8 

2 

2 

3 

4 

5 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

Distillation 

Type 

:-----__-----_: 

NV 

V 

NV 

NV/V 

V 

NV 

V/NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

V 

NV 

NV/V 

V/NV 

V 

NV 

V/NV 

V/NV 

V/NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

V/NV. 

V 

Production 

Capacity 

(Gg/yr) 

:_______.=_-

258.55 

168.28 

168.28 

24.95 

168.28 

168.28 

163.52 

27.22 

40.82 

4.08 

168.28 

204.12 

16.33 

140.61 

168.28 

124.67 

'6.80 

40.82 

20.41 

158.98 

115.67 

83.91 

168.28 

29.48 

41.96 

119.29 

168.28 

Flowrate 

(scfm) 

=========== 

358.18 

75.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

6.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

38.55 

0.00 

61.74 

11.90 

246.20 

1.50 

2.94 

25.81 

1.19 

0.00 

74.21 

3.55 

155.82 

1.50 

Stream Characteristics 

Heat 

Content 

(Btu/scf) 

============ 

344.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3229.78 

1453.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

395.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

58.59 

0.00 

2181.37 

0.00 

47.65 

934.53 

321.97 

0.00 

9.00 

0.00 

1175.72 

1748.92 

220.66 

352.00 

Temp 

(F) 

======== 

110.80 

89.17 

110.80 

99.98 

89.17 

110.80 

99.98 

110.80 

110.80 

89.17 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

89.17 

110.80 

99.98 

99.98 

89.17 

110.80 

110.80 

100.00 

99.98 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

89.17 

Oxygen 

Content 

(vol X) 

======== 

2.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.74 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

12.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.82 

10.50 

4.97 

4.49 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.25 

3.02 

14.94 

1.10 

Total VOC 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

:-__-=_==== 

1411.69 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.59 

110.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

49.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

69.21 

0.00 

900.05 

0.00 

1826.20 

13.51 

1.33 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

1923.95 

84.79 

1847.04 

7.15 

VOC 

Composition 

(wt X) 

============ 

10.93 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

87.04 

50.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

10.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

0.00 

66.24 

0.00 

1.62 

25.66 

0.93 

0.00 

1.30 

0.00 

96.39 

59.30 

35.51 

.9.60 

HAP 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

========== 

180.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.59 

110.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

49.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

45.53 

0.00 

290.10 

0.00 

20.54 

13.51 

1.33 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

116.46 

19.87 

1523.37 

7.15 

HAP 

Compos i t i on 

(wt X) 

==:.::sxssr 

1.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

87.04 

50.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

10.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.74 

0.00 

22.20 

0.00 

0.83 

25.66 

0.93 

0.00 

1.30 

0.00 

22.73 

12.30 

34.72 

9.60 
TABLE 2-3. Category A Distillation Emission Model Vent Streams 

Product 

-...-_-.-_._-__--______-

Perchloroethylene 

Phenol 

Styrene 

Terephthalic Acid 

Trichloroethane 

Trichloroethylene 

Trichlorofluoromethane 

Vinyl Acetate 

Vinylchloride 

H 

O 

Number 

of 

Columns 

.... 

2 

1 

2 

2 

6 

3 

1 

4 

3 

======= 

Distillation 

Type 

============== 

NV/V 

NV/V 

NV/V 

NV 

NV 

NV 

NV 

NV/V 

NV 

Production 

Capacity 

(Gg/yr) 

============ 

45.36 

56.25 

220.22 

168.28 

158.76 

92.99 

168.28 

161.25 

181.44 

Flowrate 

(scfm) 

=========== 

2.27 

0.00 

0.00 

1.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

10.94 

0.00 

Stream Characteristics 

Heat 

Content 

(Btu/scf) 

============ 

17.95 

0.00 

0.00 

114.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

450.55 

0.00 

Temp 

(F) 

:_.__=_.= 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

110.80 

Oxygen 

Content 

(vol X) 

Total VOC 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

=========== 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

======= 

3.34 

0.00 

0.00 

3.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

72.99 

0.00 

VOC 

Composition 

(wt X) 

:=I&3C1BSSS : 

2.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

30.93 

0.00 

HAP 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

:3xsisssss: 

3.34 

0.00 

0.00 

3.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

72.99 

0.00 

HAP 

Composition 

(wt X) 

2.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

30.93 

0.00 

B3SCSSSSSSSSS 
TABLE 2-4. Category A Reactor Vent Model Emission Streams 

Product 

_c__.-s--r--s-_--.-___: 

Adiponitrile 

Allyl Chloride 

Aniline 

Benzene 

Bisphenol - A 

Caprolactam 

Carbon Disulfide 

Chlorobenzene 

Cumene 

Cyclohexane 

Dimethyl Terephthalate 

Dinitrotoluene 

Dinitrotoluene 

Ethanolamines 

Ethyl Chloride 

Ethyl Chloride 

Ethylbenzene 

Ethylene Dichloride 

Ethylene Glycol 

Ethylene Glycol Mono 

Freon 

Freon 

Freon 11.12.113,114 

Freon - 12 

Linear Alkylbenzene 

Methyl Chloride 

Methyl Ethyl Ketone 

MTBE 

Reaction 

Type 

-_=.___----.---__-_-: 

Hydrodimerization 

Chlorination 

Hydrogenation 

Catalytic Reforming 

Condensation 

Aanination 

Sulfurization 

Chlorination 

Alkylation 

Hydrogenation 

Esterification 

Nitration 

Nitration 

AiMonyt isis 

HydrochIor i nat i on 

Hydrochtorination 

Alkylation 

Chlorination 

Hydration 

Esterification 

Fluorination 

Fluorination 

Fluorination 

Fluorination 

Alkylation 

HydrochIor i nat i on 

Dehydrogenation 

Ether ificat ion 

Production 

Capacity 

(Gg/yr) 

:--..-_-_.._ 

81.65 

113.40 

68.04 

29.48 

68.04 

127.01 

131.91 

33.11 

204.12 

0.73 

131.91 

39.92 

39.92 

37.42 

45.36 

45.36 

440.44 

136.08 ' 

83.01 

131.91 

131.91 

131.91 

131.91 

131.91 

131.91 

36.29 

66.22 

131.91 

Flowrate 

(scfm) 

=========== 

1080.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1289.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

55.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

822.00 

822.00 

0.00 

2.59 

2.59 

12.85 

113.76 

0.00 

8.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

20.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Stream Characteristcs 

Heat 

Content 

(Btu/scf) 

=...__..---

70.00 

0.00 

0.00 

205.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1286.00 

1286.00 

121.08 

752.53 

0.00 

102.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

500.00 

0.00 

0.00 

Temp 

(F) 

--__-.-

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

68.00 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

68.00 

74.76 

74.76 

74.00 

68.00 

68.00 

87.38 

74.76 

68.00 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

68.00 

68.00 

68.00 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

Oxygen 

Content 

(vol X) 

--.._--; 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

O.OO 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

Total VOC 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

:-._.._----

107.28 

0.00 

0.00 

32.98 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

15.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.40 

0.00 

86.40 

86.40 

31.99 

181.76 

0.00 

372.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.34 

0.00 

0.00 

VOC HAP 

Composition Em. Rate 

(wtX) 

-_--_--_--.: 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

13.54 

10.60 

13.54 

13.54 

17.81 

13.54 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

(Mg/yr) 

HAP 

Composition 

(wtX) 

13.21 

0.00 

0.00 

13.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.40 

0.00 

1.71 

1.71 

38.39 

9.51 

0.00 

13.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.34 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

13.54 

10.00 

7.81 

7.81 

15.87 

7.81 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

13.54 

0.00 

0.00 

9.51 

0.00 

13.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.34 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.81 

0.00 

0.00 
TABLE 2-4. Category A Reactor Vent Model Emission St reams 

E:sss:esc===-r::ss::5=: issssssssrss : 

Product 

Nitrobenzene 

Nonylphenol 

Phenol/Acetone 

Styrene 

Vinyl Acetate 

Vinylidene Chloride 

Reaction 

Type 

Nitration 

Alkylation 

Cleavage 

Dehydrogenat ion 

Oxyacetylatlon 

Dehydrochlorination 

Production 

Capacity 

(Gg/yr) 

55.79 

27.22 

226.79 

149.68 

180.53 

34.02 

Flowrate 

(scfm) 

13.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2891.00 

7.00 

10.00 

Stream Characteristcs 

Heat 

Content 

(Btu/scf) 

434.00 

0.00 

0.00 

281.99 

407.00 

600.00 

Temp 

(F) 

74.76 

68.00 

0.00 

97.38 

68.00 

90.00 

Oxygen 

Content 

(vol X) 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.18 

Total VOC 

Em. Rate 

(Mg/yr) 

75.50 

0.00 

0.00 

1732.42 

0.40 

162.91 

VOC HAP 

Composition Em. Rate 

(wtX) 

23.19 

0.00 

0.00 

18.42 

12.50 

0.00 

(Mg/yr) 

HAP 

Composition 

(wtX) 

75.50 

0.00 

0.00 

326.47 

0.20 

162.91 

23.19 

0.00 

0.00 

13.26 

6.25 

0.00 

Mtittscss:s:scexssss:s:s : 

KJ 
P.14 

characteristics were not based on specific production processes, 

but on a range of processes with similar reaction types or 

distillation column operating characteristics. 

Table 2-5 lists the 22 Type B model vent streams. A single 

Type B model stream was developed for air oxidation processes. 

All air oxidation vent streams were considered in developing this 

model stream. For vent streams from distillation operations, two 

Type B model vent streams were developed — one to represent 

atmospheric operations and one to represent vacuum operations. 

For reactor processes, Type B model streams were developed 

based on reaction type. The updated HON data base was reviewed 

and the following reaction types were selected for generating 

Type B model streams: 

(1) Alkylation (10) Hydroformylation 

(2) Carbonylation (11) Hydrogenation 

(3) Catalytic Reformation (12) Hydrohalogenation 

(4) Condensation (13) Hydrolysis 

(5) Dehydrogenation (14) Nitration 

(6) Dehydrohalogenation (15) Oxidation 

(7) Esterification (16) Oxyacetylation 

(8) Halogenation (17) Oxyhalogenation 

(9) Hydrodimerization (18) Sulfonation 

The data base entries were sorted by reaction type, and the model 

development approach outlined in Section 3.1 was used to generate 

the model vent streams for these 18 reaction processes. A 

separate generic model stream was developed to represent reaction 

types that were not included in the 18 specified reaction types 

listed above. The model vent stream characteristics for this 

"unspecified reaction" type were developed using data from all 

reactor vent streams and the approach outlined in Section 3.1. 

cc: Project File 6.1 (M. Haley) 

MESC(HTM03)US) 1 3 
TABLE 2-5. Category B (Generic) Process Model Vent Streams 

333333=38333333—833 

Vent 

Type 

Process 

Type 

Nuafcer Distillation Production 

of Type Capacity 

Colurns (Gg/yr) 

5383333383333=33333======3 

A 

D 

D 

Air Oxidation 

Distillation NV 

Distillation V 

Alkylation 

Carbonylation 

Catalytic Reforming 

Condensation 

Dehydrogenat i on 

DehydrohaIogenat i on 

Esterification 

Generic Reaction 

Halogenation 

Hydrodimerization 

HydroformyI at i on 

Hydrogenation 

Hydrohalogenation 

Hydrolysis 

Nitration 

Oxidation 

Oxyacetylatlon 

Oxyhalogenation 

Sulfonation 

NA 

2 

2 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NV 

V 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

NA 

56.70 

115.69 

84.14 

192.78 

673.13 

29.48 

131.99 

54.43 

33.57 

65.77 

48.99 

131.91 

81.65 

79.38 

90.72 

45.36 

158.76 

47.85 

211.37 

180.53 

413.67 

13.61 

Stream Characteristics 

Flowrate 

(scfm) 

17369.47 

11.83 

52.66 

1.79 

18950.00 

1289.00 

57.74 

557.23 

5.00 

14.86 

260.03 

847.10 

1080.00 

729.00 

849.52 

4.20 

99.00 

417.50 

5512.36 

7.00 

304.00 

1863.00 

Heat 

Content 

(Btu/scf) 

16.93 

559.65 

134.94 

121.08 

295.00 

205.00 

1069.00 

282.77 

600.00 

102.00 

208.63 

36.68 

70.00 

1233.00 

714.24 

893.00 

0.00 

6.76 

2.38 

407.00 

713.00 

0.00 

Oxygen 

Temp Content 

(F) (vol X) 

Total VOC VOC 

Em. Rate Composition 

(Mg/yr) (wt X) 

HAP HAP 

Em. Rate Composition 

(Mg/yr) (wt X) 

:sssssssses8SsssEEsss:si 

90.00 

89.17 

99.99 

68.00 

74.76 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

79.00 

74.76 

68.00 

68.00 

74.76 

74.76 

71.50 

68.00 

60.00 

75.00 

90.00 

68.00 

74.76 

74.76 

6.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.18 

0.18 

0.18 

1562.84 

197.67 

681.97 

4.45 

298.01 

32.98 

476.05 

322.30 

81.46 

61.17 

138.27 

69.85 

107.28 

9512.44 

1977.97 

70.95 

0.40 

37.95 

138.98 

0.40 

2972.14 

0.40 

1.34 826.32 0.80 

52.24 

9.53 

17.81 

0.50 

13.54 

13.54 

17.75 

0.00 

16.09 

8.38 

13.54 

13.54 

13.54 

10.64 

13.54 

13.54 

13.69 

8.05 

12.50 

13.54 

13.54 

60.91 

134.04 

4.45 

0.00 

13.21 

5.19 

60.60 

81.46 

5.81 

4.60 

5.75 

13.21 

13.21 

4.84 

2.26 

0.40 

37.95 

3.55 

0.20 

13.21 

0.40 

24.60 

5.00 

17.81 

0.00 

7.81 

7.81 

12.77 

0.00 

14.38 

5.21 

7.81 

7.81 

7.81 

6.14 

10.67 

7.81 

13.69 

4.65 

6.25 

7.81 

13.54 

Note: A = Air Oxidation Vent Stream 

D = Distillation Vent Stream 

R = Reactor Vent Stream 
P.16 

4.0 REFERENCES 

1. Reactor Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical 

Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed 

Standard. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research 

Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-450/3-90-016a. 

June 1990. p. 3-1. 

2. Air Oxidation Process in Synthetic Organic Chemical 

manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed 

Standard. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research 

Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-450/3-82-001a. 

October 1983. 

3. Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Chemical 

Manufacturing Industry - Background Information for Proposed 

Standard. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research 

Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA-450/3-82-001a. 

4. Draft Memorandum from Olsen, T., Radian Corporation, to 

Evans, L., CPB/EPA. September 1, 1991. Data Used in HON 

Process Vents Database Development. 

5. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 2: Acrylonitrile 

Manufacture. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73/006-b. February 1975. 

6. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 3: Ethylene Dichloride 

Manufacture by Oxychlorination. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73/006-C. November 1974. 

7. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 4: Formaldehyde Manufacture 

with the Silver Catalyst Process. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-006-d. March 1975. 

8. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 5: Formaldehyde Manufacture 

with the Mixed Oxide Catalyst Process. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-006-e. March 1975. 

9. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 6: Ethylene Oxide 

Manufacture by Direct Oxidation of Ethylene. U. S. 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 1 5 
P. 17 

Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, 

NC. Publication No. EPA-450/3-73-006-f. June 1975. 

10. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 7: Phthalic Anhydride 

Manufacture from Ortho-Xylene. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-006-g. July 1975. 

11. Engineering and Cost Study of Air Pollution Control for the 

Petrochemical Industry, Volume 8: Vinyl Chloride 

Manufacture by the Balanced Process. U. S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-006-h. July 1975. 

12. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petroleum 

Industry, Volume I. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. EPA450/3-73-005-a. January 1974. 

13. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petroleum 

Industry, Volume II. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-005-b. April 1974. 

14. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petroleum 

Industry, Volume III. U. S. Environmental Protection 

Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication No. 

EPA-450/3-73-005-C. April 1974. 

15. Survey Reports on Atmospheric Emissions from the Petroleum 

Industry, Volume IV. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Research Triangle Park, NC. Publication 

No. EPA-450/3-73-005-d. April 1974. 

16. IT Enviroscience. Emissions Control Options for the 

Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry. 

Prepared for U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, OAQPS. 

July 1980, EPA Contract Number 68-02-2577. 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 1 6 
P.18 

APPENDIX A 

EXAMPLE MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR DISTILLATION PROCESS: ACETIC ACID 

MESC(HTM03)(LS) 1 7 
P.19 

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P.20 

APPENDIX B 

EXAMPLE MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR DISTILLATION PROCESS: 

PATHALIC ANHYDRIDE 

MESC(BTM03)(LS) 1 8 
P.21 

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