IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS

WACO DIVISION

WSOU INVESTMENTS, LLC d/b/a 

BRAZOS LICENSING AND

DEVELOPMENT, 

Plaintiff,

v. 

ZTE CORPORATION, ZTE (USA) 

INC., AND ZTE (TX), INC. 

Defendants.

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CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-487-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-488-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-489-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-490-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-491-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-492-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-493-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-494-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-495-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-496-ADA

CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:20-cv-497-ADA

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

RESPONSE OPPOSING ZTE (TX), INC.’S MOTION TO DISMISS OR IN THE 

ALTERNATIVE TRANSFER VENUE AND ZTE CORPORATION’S MOTION 

TO DISMISS OR TRANSFER

 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 1 of 10
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ZTE Corporation’s motion to dismiss or transfer should be denied as moot. 

Defendant ZTE (TX), Inc.’s (“ZTE TX’s”) motion to dismiss or transfer should be denied 

because venue is proper under the first prong of 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b). 

ZTE CORPORATION’S MOTION TO DISMISS 

ZTE Corporation’s motion to dismiss challenges the sufficiency of WSOU 

Investments, LLC d/b/a Brazos Licensing and Development’s (“WSOU’s”) complaint, 

claiming it fails to adequately allege facts supporting a prima facie showing that ZTE Corp. 

is subject to personal jurisdiction. While WSOU disputes ZTE Corp.’s challenge to the 

adequacy of the allegations in WSOU’s complaint, WSOU has amended its complaint to 

address the alleged deficiencies. ZTE Corp.’s motion to dismiss is mooted by WSOU’s 

amended complaint and should be denied as moot. 

ZTE TX’s MOTION TO DISMISS

I. RELEVANT FACTS

It is undisputed that ZTE TX is a resident of Texas. Mtn., Shan Decl. ¶ 3. Further, 

ZTE TX admits it maintained an office in this District at 7000 Mopac Expressway, 2nd 

Floor, Austin, Texas (the “Austin” office) until August 31, 2018. Id. ¶ 14. ZTE TX claims 

it has not maintained a physical location in the State of Texas since August 31, 2018, but 

Travis County property records suggest otherwise, indicating that ZTE TX has continued 

to pay taxes on personal property at its Austin office through 2020. Loveless Decl., Ex. 13. 

Further, ZTE TX maintained its registered office in Texas at 8151 Brozos Street, Suite 500, 

Austin, Texas 78701 from November 2, 2018 until May 14, 2020. Loveless Decl., Ex. 14. 

WSOU filed its original complaints against ZTE TX in this District between March 

23, 2020 and March 31, 2020. See Civil Action Nos. 6:20-cv-211, -216, -224, -228, -229, 

-231, -238, -240, -242, -254, and -255. ZTE TX accepted service of WSOU’s original 

complaints at the office of ZTE TX’s registered agent in Austin, Texas. See, e.g. Civil 

Action No. 6:20-cv-00211-ADA, Dkt. 10. 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 2 of 10
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On May 14, 2020, ZTE TX changed its registered office from Austin, Texas to 

Dallas, Texas. Loveless Decl., Ex. 14. WSOU voluntarily dismissed the original 

complaints and re-filed the current complaints on June 3, 2020. See Civil Action Nos. 6:20-

cv-211, -216, -224, -228, -229, -231, -238, -240, -242, -254, and -255.

II. ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES

A. Applicable Law

A civil action for patent infringement may be brought “in [1] the judicial district

where the defendant resides, or [2] where the defendant has committed acts of

infringement and has a regular and established place of business.” 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b). In 

a multi-district state, the proper judicial district for purposes of venue under the first prong 

of § 1400(b) is the district where the defendant “maintains a principal place of business.” 

In re BigCommerce, Inc., 890 F.3d 978, 985 (Fed. Cir. 2018). If a corporate defendant does 

not maintain a principal place of business within the state in which it is incorporated, then 

the “natural default is to deem it to reside in the district in which its registered office, as 

recorded in its corporate filings, is located[.]” Id. (emphasis added). 

Although “the time of filing of the complaint” is generally “the relevant time for 

any venue analysis,” eRoad Ltd. v. PerDiemCo LLC, 6:19-CV-00026-ADA, 2019 WL 

10303654, at *6 (W.D. Tex. Sept. 19, 2019), the Federal Circuit has not stated a rule on 

the “exact timing for determining venue.” See In re Google LLC, 949 F.3d 1338, 1340 

(Fed. Cir. 2020) (emphasis added) (“The regional circuits appear to be split on the exact 

timing for determining venue. We need not decide the correct standard[.]”). Courts have 

found the general rule is not rigid. The Seventh Circuit, for example, found “venue is 

properly lodged in the district if the defendant had a regular and established place of 

business at the time the cause of action accrued and suit is filed within a reasonable time 

thereafter.” Welch Sci. Co. v. Human Eng’g Inst., Inc., 416 F.2d 32, 36 (7th Cir. 1969)

(finding venue proper “under section 1400(b)” where plaintiff filed suit 37 days after 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 3 of 10
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defendant no longer had a regularly established place of business in the district); but cf.

Flowers Indus., Inc. v. FTC, 835 F.2d 775, 776 n.1 (11th Cir. 1987) (holding otherwise). 

B. Venue is proper under the first prong of § 1400(b). 

ZTE TX’s motion to dismiss for improper venue should be denied because venue 

is proper under the first prong of § 1400(b), under which venue is proper “in the judicial 

district where the defendant resides.” 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b).

a. ZTE TX is deemed to reside in this District because it is 

incorporated in Texas and maintained its registered office in this 

District until May 14, 2020. 

If a corporate defendant does not maintain a principal place of business within the 

state in which it is incorporated, then the “natural default is to deem it to reside in the 

district in which its registered office, as recorded in its corporate filings, is located[.]” In 

re BigCommerce, Inc., 890 F.3d at 985. 

Here, it is undisputed that ZTE TX was “deemed” to reside in this District at the 

time WSOU filed its original complaints because, at the time, WSOU’s registered office 

was in Austin, Texas.

Even if the original complaints are ignored, ZTE TX should still be deemed to 

reside in this District because changed its registered office from Austin to Dallas only 

twenty days before the current cases were filed. A defendant “cannot establish a business

in a particular judicial district and then abandon or sell it without remaining amenable to 

suit for venue purposes in that district for a reasonable time[.]” Welch Sci. Co., 416 F.2d at

36 (finding venue proper under § 1400(b) where defendant ceased doing business in the 

district only 37 days before the suit was filed). ZTE TX should not be allowed to evade 

venue in this District by abandoning its registered office in Austin after WSOU filed its 

original complaints here and only twenty days before WSOU re-filed its current 

complaints. At the very least, venue is proper here because the current complaints were 

filed a reasonable time after ZTE TX attempted to abandon this District. 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 4 of 10
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There is nothing unfair about this outcome. ZTE TX claims this District (not the 

NDTX) is the only district in Texas where ZTE TX has maintained a physical place of 

business. See Mtn., Shan Decl. 14. Indeed, ZTE TX paid personal property taxes to Travis 

County this year. Loveless Decl., Ex. 13. ZTE TX’s registered office in the NDTX is 

merely the Dallas location of CT Corporation System. 

b. Venue is proper under § 1391(d).

i. §1391(d) applies to patent infringement cases.

Venue is also proper under § 1391(d). As explained in more detail in WSOU’s 

response to ZTE USA Inc.’s motion to dismiss, under § 1391(d) a corporate defendant in 

a state with multiple districts is deemed to reside in any district in that state within which 

its contacts would be sufficient to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were a 

separate State, and, if there is no such district, the corporation shall be deemed to reside in 

the district within which it has the most significant contacts. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(d). Although 

the Supreme Court held that § 1391(c)(2) does not apply to cases for patent infringement, 

see TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC, 137 S. Ct. 1514, 1521, 197 L. 

Ed. 2d 816 (2017), that holding should not be applied to § 1391(d) for reasons explained

in detail in WSOU’s response to the motion to dismiss filed by ZTE USA Inc. 

Briefly stated, TC Heartland should not be applied to § 1391(d) because: (1) TC 

Heartland involved a case on appeal from a state with only a single district, making 

§ 1391(d) inapplicable to that decision; and (2) the language considered by the Court in TC 

Heartland is different from the relevant language in § 1391(d). 

TC Heartland rejected the argument that the phrase “[f]or all venue purposes” in 

§ 1392(c)(2) required applying the section to § 1400(b), pointing out that: (1) the statute at 

issue in Fourco Glass Co. v. Transmirra Prod. Corp., 353 U.S. 222, 222, 77 S. Ct. 787, 

788, 1 L. Ed. 2d 786 (1957) included similar language (“for venue purposes”) and 

determined it did not apply to § 1400(b); and (2) § 1391(a) contains a “savings clause” 

stating that § 1391 “shall govern the venue of all civil actions” “[e]xcept as otherwise 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 5 of 10
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provided by law.” Id. at 1516. TC Heartland further found that the absence of “under this 

chapter” in § 1391(c) suggests Congress did not intend § 1391(c) to define “reside” for 

§ 1400(b). Id. at 1521. 

The opposite is true for § 1391(d), which does not use the general language “[f]or 

all venue purposes” and instead retains the specific, classic language of incorporation 

considered: “[f]or purposes of venue under this chapter[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1391(d) (emphasis 

added). This specific language clearly states that § 1391(d) of chapter 28 applies to § 

1400(b) of chapter 28. See VE Holding Corp. v. Johnson Gas Appliance Co., 917 F.2d 

1574, 1575 (Fed. Cir. 1990), sometimes incorrectly cited as abrogated by TC Heartland 

LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC, 137 S. Ct. 1514, 197 L. Ed. 2d 816 (2017). 

The broader phrase “[f]or all venue purposes” evaluated in TC Heartland does not 

have the same impact because it is general language that does not specifically apply to 

chapter 28. As Fourco recognized, “[s]pecific terms prevail over the general in the same

or another statute which otherwise might be controlling.” Fourco, 353 U.S. 222, at 228–

29. 

Although TC Heartland contains certain broad statements about “§ 1391,” the 

discussion in TC Heartland is limited exclusively to the effect of the language in new 

§ 1391(c)(2). Limiting its discussion to the language of § 1391(c)(2) was appropriate 

because the case on appeal in TC Heartland involved a suit brought in Delaware, a state 

with only one district. Therefore, only new § 1391(c)(2) was properly at issue. There is no 

mention of new §1391(d) in TC Heartland and no discussion concerning whether the 

definition of residence in new §1391(d) applies to §1400(b). 

Any notion that TC Heartland must apply to the whole of § 1391 is refuted by the 

Court’s refusal to address new § 1391(c)(3). Just as § 1391(d) was not at issue in TC 

Heartland because the case on appeal was filed in a state with only one district, 

§ 1391(c)(3) was not at issue because the defendant was a resident of the United States. 

The Court refused to address new § 1391(c)(3) or “express any opinion on this Court’s 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 6 of 10
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holding in Brunette” (which applied old § 1391(d) in patent infringement cases despite 

§ 1400(b)). See TC Heartland at 7, n. 2 (“We do not here address [the implications for 

foreign defendants], nor do we express any opinion on this Court’s holding in Brunette 

Machine Works, Ltd. v. Kockum Industries, Inc., 406 U.S. 706, 92 S.Ct. 1936, 32 L.Ed.2d 

428 (1972)”). 

The notion that TC Heartland applies to the whole of § 1391 is further refuted by 

In Re HTC Corp., in which the Federal Circuit refused to extend TC Heartland to 

§ 1391(c)(3) and instead affirmed Brunette. In re HTC Corp., 889 F.3d 1349, 1356 (Fed. 

Cir. 2018), cert. denied sub nom. HTC Corp. v. 3G Licensing, S.A., 139 S. Ct. 1271, 203 

L. Ed. 2d 279 (2019) (cleaned up) (emphasis in original) (“as the Court held in Brunette, 

§ 1400(b) itself was not intended to apply to alien defendants”). 

ii. ZTE USA has sufficient contact with this District to subject 

it to personal jurisdiction, and therefore, venue. 

Because § 1391(d) applies to patent infringement cases, venue is proper in this 

District if ZTE TX’s contacts with this District would subject it to personal jurisdiction 

here if this District were a separate state. WSOU’s evidence is sufficient to make a prima 

facie showing that ZTE TX’s contacts with this District are sufficient to subject it to 

personal jurisdiction (and therefore venue). ZTE purposefully places accused products into 

the stream of commerce in this District. See Loveless Decl., Ex. Nos. 1-5, 7-10. Press 

releases by ZTE state that ZTE had “invested more than $350 million in U.S. growth” as 

of 2013 and had partnered with the Houston Rockets to demonstrate its “commitment to 

building community relations throughout the state of Texas.” Loveless Decl., Ex. 9

(emphasis added). ZTE advertises itself as the “fourth-largest supplier of mobile devices 

in the U.S. overall.” Loveless Decl., Ex. Nos. 1, 3. On October 15, 2019, ZTE Corp. issued 

a release from Richardson, Texas, announcing that Blade Vantage 2 would be available in 

“Verizon stores across the U.S.” Loveless Decl., Ex. 10. ZTE has previously admitted that 

ZTE Corp. sells and ships telecommunication equipment to ZTE USA for distribution in 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 7 of 10
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the United States. Loveless Decl., Ex. 11 ¶18. ZTE TX claims it is not part of this

distribution chain, but some of ZTE TX’s corporate filings in Texas indicate ZTE TX is 

100% owned by ZTE USA. Loveless Decl., Ex. 15.1 

In Slyce, this Court “applied personal jurisdiction against an out of state defendant 

that sold its software to a third-party, who then bundled the software into an app and sold 

it in the United States.” Match Group, LLC v. Bumble Trading Inc., W-18-CV-00080-

ADA, 2020 WL 1287958, at *4 (W.D. Tex. Mar. 18, 2020) (summarizing Slyce Acquisition

Inc. v. Syte - Visual Conception Ltd., No. W-19-CV-00257-ADA, 2019 WL 7598931 

(W.D. Tex. Oct. 22, 2019), reconsideration denied, No. W-19-CV-00257-ADA, 2020 WL 

278481 (W.D. Tex. Jan. 10, 2020)). This is precisely how ZTE operates. Loveless Decl., 

Ex. 11 ¶ 18. 

Further, ZTE TX’s contacts with this District go beyond placing accused products 

into the stream of commerce. It is undisputed that ZTE TX is incorporated in Texas, had a 

registered agent here until May 14, 2020, and that ZTE TX’s registered agent in Austin 

accepted service of WSOU’s complaints in the original cases. See, e.g. Civil Action No. 

6:20-cv-00211-ADA, Dkt. 10.2 Evidence further shows that ZTE TX continues to pay 

taxes in Travis County. Loveless Decl., Ex. 13. 

C. The Court should allow venue discovery.

If the Court doubts whether ZTE TX’s contacts with this District are sufficient to 

subject it to venue, WSOU requests that the Court allow time to conduct venue discovery 

concerning ZTE TX’s contacts with this District and whether venue is proper under the 

second prong of § 1400(b) (requiring a regularly established place of business and acts of 

infringement). 

1 ZTE TX’s Texas Franchise Tax Public Information Report for 2018 is, however, silent 

on the ownership of ZTE TX. Loveless Decl., Ex. 15. 

2By accepting service, ZTE TX indisputably consented to jurisdiction in the original cases, 

which alleged the same infringement as the current cases. 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 8 of 10
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Given ZTE TX’s continued payment of property taxes to Travis County and ZTE 

TX’s relationship to ZTE Corp. and ZTE USA, WSOU should be allowed discovery to test 

ZTE TX’s claims that it is not involved in any of the infringing activities, that it is not part 

of the distribution chain that places products into the stream of commerce in this District,

that it maintains corporate formalities, and that it no longer has a regular and established 

place of business in this District.

ZTE’S MOTIONS TO TRANSFER

 The alternative motions to transfer filed by ZTE Corp. and ZTE TX piggy back on 

the motion to transfer filed by ZTE USA, arguing that because ZTE USA should be 

transferred to the NDTX, ZTE Corp. and ZTE TX should be transferred with it to keep the 

cases together. For the reasons explained in WSOU’s response to ZTE USA’s motion, ZTE 

USA should not be transferred to the NDTX. Further, ZTE Corp. and ZTE TX should 

remain here with ZTE USA. 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated above, ZTE Corp.’s and ZTE TX’s motions to dismiss or 

transfer should be denied. 

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 9 of 10
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Dated: November 6, 2020 Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Ryan Loveless 

James L. Etheridge

Texas State Bar No. 24059147 

Ryan S. Loveless 

Texas State Bar No. 24036997 

Brett A. Mangrum 

Texas State Bar No. 24065671 

Travis Lee Richins

Texas State Bar No. 24061296 

ETHERIDGE LAW GROUP, PLLC

2600 E. Southlake Blvd., Suite 120 / 324 

Southlake, Texas 76092 

Telephone: (817) 470-7249 

Facsimile: (817) 887-5950 

Jim@EtheridgeLaw.com

Ryan@EtheridgeLaw.com

Brett@EtheridgeLaw.com

Travis@EtheridgeLaw.com 

Mark D. Siegmund 

State Bar No. 24117055 

mark@waltfairpllc.com 

Law Firm of Walt, Fair PLLC.

1508 North Valley Mills Drive 

Waco, Texas 76710 

Telephone: (254) 772-6400 

Facsimile: (254) 772-6432 

ATTORNEYS FOR PLAINTIFF

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I certify that on November 6, 2020 a true and correct copy of the foregoing 

document was served upon all counsel of record via email under this Court’s Local Rules.

/s/ Travis Richins 

Travis Richins

Case 6:20-cv-00487-ADA Document 37 Filed 11/06/20 Page 10 of 10