EXHIBIT 9 

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WILEY ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DICTIONARY

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By the same author

English-Spanish, Spanish-English Electrical and Computer

Engineering Dictionary, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

WileysEnglish-Spanish, Spanish-English Business Dictionary

WileysEnglish-Spanish, Spanish-English Chemistry Dictionary

WileysEnglish-Spanish, Spanish-English Dictionary of

Psychology and Psychiatry

English-Spanish Legal Dictionary, Second Edition, published by

Aspen Publishers

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WILEY ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DICTIONARY

Steven M. Kaplan

Lexicographer

+IEEE

IEEE PRESS

ffiWILEY-

~INTERSCIENCE

A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION

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Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by

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Kaplan, Steven M.

Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary

ISBN 978-0-471-40224-4

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PREFACE AND NOTES ON THE USE OF THIS

DICTIONARY

This dictionary has over 35,000 entries, each of which occupies a place in one or more of

the many areas of expertise encompassed by electrical and electronics engineering. All

available sources were consulted, seeking to ascertain the exact manners in which each

term is currently utilized. Textbooks, handbooks, treatises, instruction manuals, theses, articles, reports, Usenet postings, and so on, were researched during the process ofselecting

the terms and writing their definitions, with a good number of entries having multiple provided connotations.

The Internet was used extensively throughout this project, and if one or more persons or

entities used a given technical term in the areas covered by this dictionary, there is a decent

chance it was taken into consideration. If any given words or phrases were used frequently

by multiple people, in varied settings, and when referring to serious endeavors, there is a

pretty good chance it can be found in this dictionary. Even so, some terms that continue to

appear may not be found here. If a user feels that a given word or phrase not found in this

dictionary should be added to a future edition, or wishes to otherwise comment on this

book, an email maybesenttotheauthorat:wileyieee@yahoo.com.

There are no special rules for the use ofthis dictionary. The user simply looks up the desired term to find its definition, plus other practical information when appropriate. When

a word or phrase is the same as another, this is clearly stated so as to easily find the

definition.

This dictionary could not have been prepared without the contributions of George 1.

Telecki, Associate Publisher at John Wiley & Sons. He had the idea for this dictionary,

suggested the approach and format, and throughout the project provided inestimable support and guidance.

This dictionary has been prepared within the exquisite nature settings of Northwestern

Austria. Mr. Wolfgang GieBer is the person who determined that I should be allowed to

perform my work as an author in this wonderful country. I am tremendously grateful to

him for kindly providing me with the opportunity to live here.

Steven M. Kaplan

Austria, Europe

October, 2003

v

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floppy-disk drive 292

floppy-disk drive A disk drive which reads data from, and

writes data to, a floppy disk. Also called floppy drive.

floppy drive Same as floppy-disk drive.

floppy optical Same as floptical.

flops Same as FLOPS.

FLOPS Abbreviation of floating-point operations per second.

The number of floating-point operations performed per second. It is a commonly used benchmark to measure the speed

of a processor. Such speeds are usually indicated in multiples of FLOPS, such as gigaflops, or teraflops.

floptical Acronym for floppy optical. A disk or disk drive

which incorporates a combination of magnetic and optical

technologies, to provide more storage capacity and speed

than ordinary floppy disks.

flow 1. A smooth and uninterrupted motion, progress, or

sequence. For example, the movement of a fluid through a

duct. 2. The movement of electric charges. For instance,

the flow of electrons through a conductor. 3. The movement

of information through a system. Also, the sequence in

which operations are performed. For example, the movement from point to point within a flowchart.

flow chart Same as flowchart.

flow control A system which regulates a flow through a given

channel, such as a communications line, a conduction path,

or a duct. For instance, it may entail a process which times

transmitted signals in a manner that faster devices can communicate with slower devices without data loss.

flow diagram Same as flowchart.

flow direction The direction, usually indicated by arrows, in

which operations proceed in a flowchart.

flow line In a flowchart, a line or arrow indicating the direction in which operations proceed. Also spelled flowline.

flow meter Same as flowmeter.

flow soldering A automated method of soldering electronic

components to circuit boards, in which molten solder is

pumped from a reservoir through a spout to form a wave.

The board is passed through the wave via an inclined conveyor. This technique minimizes the heating of the board.

Also called wave soldering.

flowchart Also spelled flow chart. Also called flow diagram, or control diagram. 1. A diagram which uses a set

of standard symbols to represent the sequence of operations

of a system. 2. A diagram which uses a set of standard

symbols to represent the sequence of operations of a computer program or system. Such a chart may show, for instance, the flow of data, or the steps of a subroutine.

flowline Same as flow line.

flowmeter An instrument which measures and indicates the

flow of a fluid. Also spelled flow meter. Also called fluid

meter, fluid-flow meter, or velocimeter (2).

fluctuating current A DC whose value varies in an irregular

manner.

fluctuation noise Noise which fluctuates in a random manner,

and which usually is the aggregate of a large number of

overlapping transient disturbances. The occurrence and

magnitude ofsuch noise can not be predicted. Examples include electrical noise and cosmic noise. Also called random noise.

fluence The passing of particles, such as electrons or photons,

through a given area, such as a square centimeter. May be

expressed, for instance, in particles per second. Also called

particle fluence.

fluid A form of matter which has no defined shape, and whose

atoms or molecules move freely past one another. A fluid is

usually a gas or a liquid, and tends to assume the shape of its

container.

fluorinated ethylene propylene resin

fluid computer A digital computer which utilizes logic elements powered by a fluid, such as air. Such a computer has

no electronic circuits, nor any moving parts.

fluid damping The use of a fluid to reduce or limit the amplitude of a mechanical motion, such as a vibration. An example is the use of a ferrofluid for damping the motion of a

high-frequency speaker. Also called viscous damping.

fluid-flow meter Same as flowmeter.

fluid-level indicator An electronic device, instrument, or

system which indicates the level of a fluid.

fluid logic Logic operations performed using interactions

between fluids. Such operations do not utilize electricity,

nor require any moving parts. Seen, for instance, in a fluid

computer.

fluid meter Same as flowmeter.

fluidic 1. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a fluid. Also,

in the form of a fluid. 2. Pertaining to, controlled by, or

employing fluidics.

fluidics A technology which employs fluids in motion to carry

out functions that would otherwise be performed by electrical and electronic circuits. Such functions include those involved in control, amplification, processing, logic, and sensing. Devices employing this technology have no moving

parts, are characterized by high reliability, ease of maintenance, and extremely high resistance to electromagnetic interference. Used, for instance, where electronic circuits can

not be used, such as explosive environments.

fluorescence The emission of electromagnetic radiation, such

as light, by a body which has been excited by another form

of energy, such as electron bombardment. Fluorescence is a

form of luminescence whose persistence is less than about

10-8 second, while phosphorescence persists longer. That

is, within 10-8 second or sooner from the excitation ceasing,

so does fluorescence. Used, for instance, in spectroscopy,

CRTs, and in lighting.

fluorescence microscope A light microscope which utilizes

fluorescent light to analyze specimens. Well suited for the

study of living cells without damaging samples. Also called

fluorescent microscope.

fluorescence microscopy The use of a fluorescence microscope for the analysis of specimens. Also called fluorescent microscopy.

fluorescent lamp A gas-discharge lamp whose light is produced through fluorescence. Such a lamp usually consists

of a tube coated with a fluorescent substance, and contains

mercury vapor. A current passing through the tube excites

the vapor, whose ultraviolet emissions excite the coating,

which in turn emits visible light. Also called fluorescent

tube.

fluorescent material A material which emits electromagnetic

radiation, especially light, when irradiated with another fonn

of energy, such as X-rays or an electron beam.

fluorescent microscope Same as fluorescence microscope.

fluorescent microscopy Same as fluorescence microscopy.

fluorescent screen A screen coated with a fluorescent substance. Used, for instance, in CRTs, fluoroscopes, or scintillation counters.

fluorescent substance A substance which emits electromagnetic radiation, especially light, when irradiated with another

form of energy, such as X-rays or an electron beam. Examples include cesium chloride, and cadmium sulfide.

fluorescent tube Same as fluorescent lamp.

fluorinated ethylene propylene resin A thermoplastic material with excellent electrical insulating properties, in addition

to resistance to heat and chemicals. Used, for instance, for

wire and cable insulation. Its abbreviation is FEP resin.

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