* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

** Honorable Wesley E. Brown, Senior District Judge, United States District

Court for the District of Kansas, sitting by designation.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

AUG 2 1999

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

SHEILA BARNES,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

KENNETH S. APFEL, Commissioner,

Social Security Administration,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 98-5156

(D.C. No. 97-CV-514-M)

(N.D. Okla.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before ANDERSON and KELLY , Circuit Judges, and BROWN ,

** Senior

District Judge.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
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argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore

ordered submitted without oral argument.

Claimant Sheila Barnes appeals from the district court’s order affirming the

Social Security Administration’s denial of disability benefits. Claimant filed an

application for disability benefits in 1994 with an alleged disability date of

December 14, 1993. Her application was denied initially and again upon

reconsideration. After a hearing, the administrative law judge (ALJ) found

claimant not disabled and denied benefits. The Appeals Council denied her

request for review. Claimant filed a complaint in federal district court. That

court affirmed the agency’s denial of benefits. 

Our jurisdiction arises under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We

review the agency’s decision to determine whether the factual findings are

supported by substantial evidence on the record viewed as a whole and whether

the agency applied correct legal standards. See Castellano v. Secretary of Health

& Human Servs. , 26 F.3d 1027, 1028 (10th Cir. 1994). On appeal, claimant

contends that the ALJ ignored record medical evidence, improperly discounted the

credibility of her testimony at the hearing, and failed to properly apply correct

legal standards in evaluating her allegations of pain. We agree, and remand this

case to the agency for further proceedings. 
1

It is also indicated by what appears to be boilerplate language that the ALJ

carefully reviewed all of the medical evidence except those exhibits omitted

because they “relate to a time not covered by the claim, illegibility, duplicity,

different physicians reporting the same diagnoses, physician duplication of

hospitalization records, failure to state a diagnosis, statement of the claimant’s

complaints without a diagnosis, prescription of medication only, etc.” 

Appellant’s App. at 21. This kind of general disclaimer does not excuse an ALJ

from careful consideration of all the relevant evidence and from linking findings

to specific evidence. See Huston v. Bowen , 838 F.2d 1125, 1133 (10th Cir.

1988). Further, because the ALJ does not identify which exhibits fall within the

parameters of this list, we cannot tell which exhibits he omitted. This failure may

itself be grounds for reversal. See Baker v. Bowen , 886 F.2d 289, 291 (10th Cir.

1989). Indeed, actual reliance on the boilerplate could itself result in reversal,

since certain of the ALJ’s stated criteria for omitting consideration of medical

exhibits–such as the failure of a physician to state a diagnosis–contradict an

ALJ’s duty to consider all relevant medical evidence, see id. , 20 C.F.R.

§ 404.1527(d). This is especially true where, as here, the ALJ relies on a paucity

or lack of complaints to treating sources on the record to reject claimant’s

allegations of disabling pain. 

-3-

The common basis for appellant’s challenges to the agency’s ruling is the

ALJ’s apparent decision not to consider claimant’s medical records predating her

alleged disability date. This decision is indicated by the ALJ’s statements that

claimant “complained of headaches only once in the medical evidence,” and that

no objective medical evidence demonstrated a problem with leg pain. Appellant’s

App. at 22. 1 As claimant notes in her brief, however, her history of back and leg

pain, headaches, and corresponding treatment is well documented in the medical

record. While we acknowledge that there is little medical evidence after the

alleged disability date, the medical evidence prior to that time is clearly relevant

to the impairments and pain that claimant is now alleging. See Gardner v. Brian ,
2 We note further that the ALJ cited claimant’s apparent comfort at the

hearing as a basis for his finding that her complaints were not fully credible. 

(continued...)

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369 F.2d 443, 447 (10th Cir. 1966). The ALJ may not simply ignore that medical

evidence and then base his rejection of claimant’s allegations on a lack of

relevant evidence. 

Further, the ALJ compounded this error by discounting claimant’s

credibility based on the supposed lack of medical evidence corroborating her

complaints. Her testimony at the hearing about her back and leg pain and

headaches was consistent with her complaints in the medical evidence predating

her alleged disability date. Because that evidence is relevant, the ALJ’s failure to

consider it undermines his decision regarding claimant’s credibility. See Huston ,

838 F.2d at 1133. 

The ALJ also found claimant’s testimony about her pain not credible based

on his observation that claimant has not regularly sought treatment for headaches

or back pain since her alleged disability date. His opinion states that this failure

is inconsistent with the amount of pain alleged, but does not mention claimant’s

testimony at the hearing that she could not afford to go to a doctor regularly or to

have her medication prescriptions filled. See Appellant’s App. at 56-57. This

failure to consider claimant’s testimony also undermines his credibility

determination. See Thompson v. Sullivan , 987 F.2d 1482, 1490 (10th Cir. 1993). 2
2

(...continued)

However, the hearing transcript indicates that claimant asked to stand during the

hearing and stated that her pain level was seven on a one-to-ten scale. See

Appellant’s App. at 45, 42. While the ALJ acknowledged claimant said she was

in pain during the hearing, see id. at 20, the record does not support the ALJ’s

statement of comfort at the hearing, and he cites no observations that would

support his statement. 

-5-

We also agree with claimant that the ALJ improperly applied the classic

pain analysis set forth in Luna v. Bowen , 834 F.2d 161 (10th Cir. 1987). Therein,

this court rejected the argument that disabling pain must be demonstrated by the

severity of the impairment involved. Instead, we concluded that disability

claimants must demonstrate only a “loose nexus” between the pain alleged and the

medically determinable impairment. Id. at 164. “Accordingly, if an impairment

is reasonably expected to produce some pain, allegations of disabling pain

emanating from that impairment are sufficiently consistent to require

consideration of all relevant evidence.” Id. Here, in considering claimant’s

allegations of back pain, the ALJ not only failed to consider all of the relevant

evidence, as noted above, he also relied on the severity of the impairment

involved to reject claimant’s allegations. The medical evidence shows that

claimant suffered from a ruptured disk and subsequent lumbar strain. The ALJ

stressed that X-rays showed only mild degenerative disk disease and that an MRI

showed only a slight bulge at L5-S1. See Appellant’s App. at 20. He concluded

that there was only “a minimal basis for pain,” id. at 22, and that her diagnosis of
3 Additionally, although not raised on appeal, we note that the ALJ erred in

assessing claimant’s residual functional capacity. Claimant testified that she

could lift only five pounds, using both hands. See Appellant’s App. at 45. She

testified that lifting a gallon of milk out of the refrigerator caused pain down her

(continued...)

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lumbar strain “is consistent with only mild back pain, not disabling pain,” id. at

23. This is exactly the sort of analysis that Luna rejected. The ALJ should have

considered all of the relevant evidence regarding claimant’s allegations of pain

instead of relying almost exclusively on the medical record. Further, although the

ALJ did recite some of the factors set out in Luna in connection with claimant’s

allegations of disabling pain, he failed to link those factors with medical evidence

on the record. See Kepler v. Chater , 68 F.3d 387, 391 (10th Cir. 1995). 

Finally, claimant also argues that the ALJ posed an incorrect hypothetical

to the vocational expert (VE), and ignored VE testimony favorable to her. We

need not reach this issue, given our decision to reverse and remand the case for

further proceedings. We do note, however, that the ALJ’s failure to consider all

of the medical evidence relevant to claimant’s allegations also allowed him to

ignore the VE’s testimony at the hearing that if claimant suffered headaches to the

extent alleged–and we also note that her testimony was consistent with the

medical evidence predating her alleged disability date–she would be unable to

maintain employment because of absenteeism from work. See Appellant’s App. at

64-65. 3

 
3

(...continued)

back and across her chest. There is evidence in the medical record that one of

claimant’s treating physicians limited her lifting at work, and claimant testified

that her employer did not allow her to lift anything at work. See id. at 51, 308.

Nonetheless, the ALJ concluded that claimant could lift at least ten pounds. His

reasoning: “The claimant alleges no pain or limitation in her upper extremities

and none is shown in the medical evidence, therefore the claimant can lift at least

10 pounds, which is the maximum lifting requirement for sedentary work.” Id. at

22-23. This conclusion is not supported by substantial record evidence; there is

no evidence that claimant can lift 10 pounds. 

-7-

The judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern District

of Oklahoma is REVERSED, and this case is REMANDED to the district court

with direction to REMAND to the agency for further proceedings consistent with

this disposition.

Entered for the Court

Wesley E. Brown

Senior District Judge