HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD--REVIEW COVER SHEET

Name of Site: Mansfield Trail Dump 

Date Prepared: October 2010 

Contact Persons

Site Investigations: James Desir (212) 637-4342 

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

New York, NY 

Documentation Record: Ildefonso Acosta (212) 637-4344 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

New York, NY 

Scott T. Snyder, CHMM (732) 417-5812 

Weston Solutions, Inc. 

Edison, NJ 

Pathways, Components, or Threats Not Scored

Surface Water: Although not currently scored, the Surface Water Migration Pathway is of potential concern due to the 

site’s proximity to downslope surface water [Ref. 13, p. 2; Ref. 16, p. 1]. An unnamed tributary of Lubbers Run is 

located downslope of the site and flows north along the abandoned railroad bed that runs adjacent to the site to the east 

[Ref. 4, p. 1; 13, p. 2; 16, p. 1; 25, p. 1]. The 15-Mile Target Distance Limit (TDL) includes Lubbers Run and the 

Musconetcong River [Ref. 16, p. 1]. Both Lubbers Run and Musconetcong River are used for recreation, including 

fishing, boating, and hiking [Ref. 42, p. 2; 43, p. 4; 44, p. 1]. Information obtained from the NJ Division of Fish and 

Wildlife indicates that portions of the Musconetcong River are fished for human consumption [Ref. 44, p. 1]. Segments 

of the Musconetcong River downstream of the site are federally-designated as a Wild and Scenic River [Ref. 42, p. 1; 43, 

p. 5]. 

Soil Exposure: Although not currently scored, the Soil Exposure Pathway is of potential concern due to the site’s 

proximity to residential properties and public areas. Dump Area A lies directly upslope of residential properties along 

Brookwood Road; therefore, the potential exists for migration of contamination from the site to these downslope 

residential properties [Figure 3; Ref. 4, p. 1; 6, p. 5]. Three of these residential properties lie within 200 feet of Dump 

Area A [Figure 3]. In addition, a public pedestrian/bike path is located downslope of Dump Area D [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 

9]. EPA observed that waste material was deposited immediately adjacent to the pedestrian/bike path [Ref. 6, pp. 9, 48]. 

Trespassers have been observed in the vicinity of Dump Area B [Ref. 6, p. 60]. 

Air: The Air Migration Pathway is not scored because it does not contribute significantly to the site score. 

 
This page has been intentionally left blank. 
HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Site: Mansfield Trail Dump* Date Prepared: October 2010 

CERCLIS ID No.: NJN000206345 

EPA Region: 2 

Street Address of Site:** Intersection of Brookwood and Ross Roads, Byram Township, NJ 07874 

County and State: Sussex County, New Jersey 

General Location in the State: Northwestern New Jersey 

Topographic Map: Stanhope, NJ 

Latitude:** 40° 55' 44.20" (40.9289443) North Longitude:** 74° 41' 58.56" (-74.6995999) West 

Site Reference Point: Sample location BYR-SLD148 

[Figures 1, 2; Ref. 3, p. 1; 4, p. 1; 5, p. 2] 

* The site was formerly listed in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information 

System (CERCLIS) as Byram Township TCE Regional Ground Water Contamination [Ref. 3, pp. 1-2]. References 

prepared prior to the change reflect the previous site name. 

** The street address, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this Hazard Ranking System (HRS) 

documentation record identify the general area where the site is located. They represent one or more locations EPA 

considers to be part of the site based on the screening information EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listing. EPA 

lists national priorities among the known "releases or threatened releases" of hazardous substances; thus, the focus is on 

the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous substance has been "deposited, 

stored, placed, or otherwise come to be located." Generally, HRS scoring and the subsequent listing of a release merely 

represent the initial determination that a certain area may need to be addressed under CERCLA. Accordingly, EPA 

contemplates that the preliminary description of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more 

information is developed as to where the contamination has come to be located. 

 Scores

Ground Water Pathway 100.00 

Surface Water Pathway Not Scored 

Soil Exposure Pathway Not Scored 

Air Pathway Not Scored 

HRS SITE SCORE 50.00 

1 
WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE 

MANSFIELD TRAIL DUMP 

S S2

1. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) 100.00 10,000

(from Table 3-1, line 13) 

2a. Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Not Scored

(from Table 4-1, line 30) 

2b. Ground Water to Surface Water Migration Component Not Scored

(from Table 4-25, line 28) 

2c. Surface Water Migration Pathway Score (Ssw) Not Scored 

Enter the larger of lines 2a and 2b as the pathway score. 

3. Soil Exposure Pathway Score (Ss) Not Scored 

(from Table 5-1, line 22) 

4. Air Migration Pathway Score (Sa) Not Scored

(from Table 6-1, line 12) 

5. Total of Sgw2

 + Ssw2 + Ss

2

 + Sa

2 10,000 

6. HRS Site Score 

 Divide the value on line 5 by 4 and take the square root 50.00

2 
GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY SCORESHEET 

MANSFIELD TRAIL DUMP

GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY 

Factor Categories & Factors 

MAXIMUM 

VALUE 

VALUE 

ASSIGNED 

Likelihood of Release 

1. Observed Release 550 550 

2. Potential to Release 

2a. Containment 10 not scored 

2b. Net Precipitation 10 not scored 

2c. Depth to Aquifer 5 not scored 

2d. Travel Time 35 not scored 

2e. Potential to Release 

 [lines 2a (2b+2c+2d)] 

500 not scored 

3. Likelihood of Release 

(higher of lines 1 and 2e) 

550 550 

Waste Characteristics 

4. Toxicity/Mobility * 10,000 

5. Hazardous Waste Quantity * 100 

6. Waste Characteristics 100 32 

Targets 

7. Nearest Well 50 50 

8. Population 

8a. Level I Concentrations ** 560 

8b. Level II Concentrations ** not scored 

8c. Potential Contamination ** not scored 

8d. Population (lines 8a+8b+8c) ** 560 

9. Resources 5 not scored 

10. Wellhead Protection Area 20 not scored 

11. Targets (lines 7+8d+9+10) ** 610 

12. Aquifer Score (lines 3x6x11 divided by 82,500) 100 100 

13. Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) 100 100 

* Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category. 

** Maximum value not applicable. 

3 
REFERENCES

Reference 

Number Description of the Reference

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hazard Ranking System, Final Rule. Federal Register, 

Volume 55, No. 241, pp. 51532-51667. December 14, 1990. [138 pp.] 

2. EPA. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix, SCDM Data Versions: 1/27/2004, Appendices B-I (Hazardous 

Substances Factor Values) and B-II (Hazardous Substances Benchmark (excerpts); and 10/30/2006, 

Trichloroethylene (TCE) updates. January 2004 and October 2006, respectively. A complete copy of 

SCDM is available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm on March 30, 2009. 

[6 pp.] 

3. EPA. Superfund Information Systems, CERCLIS Database, Mansfield Trail Dump: Site Information and 

Aliases. Downloaded from http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0206345 and 

http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/calinfo.cfm?id=0206345 on July 26, 2010. [2 pp.] 

4. U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey (USGS). Stanhope Quadrangle, New Jersey 7.5-

Minute Series (Topographic). 1995. [1 map] 

5. Lisichenko, Peter, WESTON. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, Subject: BYRAM – BYRSLD148; with attached reference. June 28, 2010 [2 pp] 

6. WESTON Region 5 Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team (START). Site Logbook No. 

860-4E-AFGY, Byram Township TCE Regional Ground Water Contamination, NJN000206345; with 

attached photo documentation. December 2009 to May, 2010. [99 pp.] 

7. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report, Byram Township TCE Regional Ground Water

Contamination. March 10, 2010. [36 pp.] 

8. Desir, James, EPA. Letter to Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Organic Data Package Validation 

Completion (case#39529)- Byram Twp TCE Regional Ground Water Contamination; with attached 

Contract Laboratory Program organic data packages, e-mail correspondence, and summary tables. March 

30, 2010. [206 pp] 

9. Glasser, Kenneth, NJDEP. NJDEP Mobile Environmental Laboratory, Final Report, Byram Twp Regional 

GW Contamination, Soils, Byram Twp, Sussex County, NJ. October 1, 2009. [22 pp.] 

10. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Byram TCE file, Subject: Number of residents served by private 

wells; with attached references. March 9, 2010. [24 pp.] 

11. Stanford, Scott D, et al., NJDEP Division of Science and Research, New Jersey Geological Survey. 

Surficial Geology of the Stanhope Quadrangle, Sussex and Morris Counties, New Jersey, Open File Map 

22, Sheet 1 of 2. 1996. [1 map] 

12. Volkert, Richard A, et al., Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Bedrock Geologic 

Map of the Stanhope Quadrangle, Sussex and Morris Counties, New Jersey, GQ-1674. 1989. [1 map] 

13. Sorce, Frank, NJDEP. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Re: Byram TCE 

Surface Water Date; with attached references. April 13, 2010. [43 pp.] 

14. Desir, James, EPA. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Fw: Byram (1) 

(forwarding e-mail correspondence from Nick Magriples, EPA and Frank Sorce, NJDEP); with attached 

references. November 18, 2009. [8 pp.] 

4 
REFERENCES (continued)

15. Yahoo! Yellow Pages. Yahoo! Yellow Pages – Byram Dry Cleaners. Downloaded from 

http://yp.yahoo.com/py/ypMap.py?tuid=21887993&ycat=8109642&addr=17+Us-206&cit on March 17, 

2010. [1 p.] 

16. WESTON. 4-Mile Radius Map, Byram Township TCE Regional Ground Water Contamination, Byram 

Township, Sussex County, NJ. June 28, 2010. [1 map] 

17. Environmental Data Resources (EDR). The EDR Radius MapTM Report with GeoCheck®, Byram TCE, 

County Rd. 605, Stanhope, NJ 07874, Inquiry Number: 2719199.2s. March 12, 2010. [87 pp.] 

18. EDR. The EDR Historical Topographic Map Report, Byram TCE, County Rd. 605, Stanhope, NJ 07874, 

Inquiry Number: 2719199.4. March 12, 2010. [9 pp.] 

19. EDR. Certified Sanborn® Map Report, Byram TCE, County Rd. 605, Stanhope, NJ 07874, Inquiry 

Number: 2719199.3. March 12, 2010. [2 pp.] 

20. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). ToxFAQsTM for Trichloroethylene (TCE). 

Downloaded from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html on March 17, 2010. [3 pp.] 

21. Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental Health (in cooperation with ATSDR). 

Trichloroethylene, Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. October 2006. [2 pp.] 

22. Yahoo! Yellow Pages. Yahoo! Yellow Pages – Wagner Industries; with attached reference. Downloaded 

from http://yp.yahoo.com/py/ypMap/py?tuid=21887944&ycat=95764652&addr=17+Us-206&ci on March 

17, 2010. [7 pp.] 

23. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard D4547-98: Standard Guide for Sampling 

Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds. November 1998. [10 pp.] 

24. EPA Region 2 Division of Environmental Science and Assessment (DESA), Monitoring and Assessment 

Branch. Standard Operating Procedures for Field Activities (excerpts). December 2006. [12 pp.] 

25. Bakeman, Greg, NJDEP. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Re: Byram TCE 

site. March 18, 2010. [2 pp.] 

26. Herman, Greg, NJDEP. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Re: Byram Towp. 

TCE Site; with attached references. March 18, 2010. [6 pp.] 

27. Stanford, Scott, NJDEP. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: RE: Byram TCE 

site. March 18, 2010. [2 pp.] 

28. Sorce, Frank, NJDEP. E-mail correspondence with Scott Snyder, WESTON, Subject: Byram; with 

attached references. March 24, 2010. [9 pp.] 

29. EPA. USEPA Contract Laboratory Program, Statement of Work for Organic Analysis, Multi-Media, 

Multi-Concentration, SOM01.1 (excerpts). May 2005. [17 pp.] 

30. EPA. USEPA-540-R-08-01, National Functional Guidelines for Superfund Organic Methods Data Review, 

(excerpts). June 2008. [6 pp.] 

5 
REFERENCES (continued)

31. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Byram TCE File, Subject: Well Depths; with attached 

references. May 5, 2010. [26 pp.] 

32. EPA. Quick Reference Fact Sheet EPA 540-F-94-028: Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed 

Release and Observed Contamination. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. November 1996. 

[18 pp.] 

33. Heath, Ralph C, USGS. Basic Ground-Water Hydrology, Water-Supply Paper 2220 (excerpts). 1998. [4 

pp.] 

34. U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). Title 40: 

Protection of Environment, Part 261-Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste, Subpart A-General, 

§261.2 Definition of solid waste. Downloaded from http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov on May 5, 2010. [4 pp.] 

35. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Byram TCE File, Subject: Ground Water Flow Direction; with 

attached references. May 25, 2010. [19 pp.] 

36. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report – Monitoring Well Sampling, Byram Township TCE 

Regional Ground Water Contamination. May 14, 2010. [12 pp.] 

37. Russell, Arnone, EPA. E-mail correspondence with James Desir, EPA, et al., Subject: Attached are the 

regionally assessed data for the Byram Twp site under CLP Case # 40095, SDG # B7GF8; with attached 

analytical data. May 25, 2010. [25 pp.] 

38. EPA. Ground Water Sampling Procedure Low Stress (Low Flow) Purging and Sampling, GW Sampling 

SOP Final. March 16, 1998. [9 pp.] 

39. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Sampling Trip Report – Sludge Sampling, Byram Township TCE Regional 

Groundwater Contamination. April 20, 2010. [11 pp.] 

40. Russell, Arnone, EPA. E-mail correspondence with James Desir, EPA, et al., Subject: Attached are the 

regionally assessed data for the Byram Twp site under the CLP Case # 40050, SDG # B7G12; with 

attached analytical data. June 4, 2010. [28 pp.] 

41. Snyder, Scott, WESTON. Project Note to Byram TCE File, Subject: Containment – Dump Area A Lower 

Trench; with attached references. [6 pp.] 

42. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Musconetcong River Wild and Scenic River Study 

– Home Page. Downloaded from http://www.nps.gov/nero/rivers/muskie.htm on March 29, 2010. [2 pp.] 

43. Musconetcong Advisory Committee, et al. Musconetcong River National Wild and Scenic Rivers Study, 

River Management Plan (excerpts). April 2003. [7 pp.] 

44. Daniels, Anthony, WESTON. Telecon Note: Conversation with Pat Hamilton, NJ Division of Fish and 

Wildlife, Subject: Fish consumption in the Musconetcong River and Lubbers Run; with attached reference. 

April 22, 2010. [2 pp.] 

6 
SITE DESCRIPTION

The Mansfield Trail Dump (MTD) (formerly Byram Township TCE Regional Ground Water Contamination) site 

(CERCLIS ID No. NJN000206345) consists of waste disposal trenches in a wooded area and ground water 

contamination extending into an adjacent residential neighborhood [Figures 2, 3; Ref. 3, 6, 7, 8]. In the wooded area, 

there are four discrete areas of concern that have been designated as Dump Areas A, B, C, and D [Figure 2; Ref. 6]. The 

dump sites are located on wooded, undeveloped properties in Byram Township, Sussex County in northwestern New 

Jersey [Figures 1, 2; Ref. 6]. Dump Areas A, B, and D consist of one or more trenches in which a waste of unknown 

origin has been deposited [Figure 2; Ref. 6, 7]. The exact depth and the amount of sludge deposited in these areas are 

unknown. Dump Area C consists of a disturbed area adjacent to Dump Area B [Figure 2; Ref. 6]. Dump Area A consists 

of two trenches located on a ridgeline that trends southwest to northeast, directly upslope of and overlooking the 

Brookwood/Ross Roads neighborhood to the west [Figures 2, 3; Ref. 4, 14]. Dump Areas B, C, and D are situated on the 

east side of the ridge [Figure 2; Ref. 4]. A study conducted by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection 

(NJDEP) in 2009 indicated that soils in Dump Areas A, B, and D are contaminated with volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) [Ref. 9]. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was detected in a soil sample collected from Dump Area A at a concentration 

of 20,342.52 parts per million (ppm) [Ref. 9]. 

 

For the MTD site, EPA is evaluating the Ground Water Migration Pathway [Ref. 1]. For HRS purposes, the source under 

consideration is the Dump Area A surface impoundment [Figure 2; Ref. 1, 6, 7, 8]. As part of sampling efforts in 

February, March, and April 2010, EPA collected waste samples from Dump Area A and residential well samples from 21 

homes in the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood [Figures 2 and 3; Ref. 6, 7, 39]. The waste and residential well 

samples were analyzed for Target Compound List (TCL) VOCs through the EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) 

[Ref. 6, 7, 8, 39, 40]. Analytical results indicate that the waste samples from Dump Area A contain TCE [630 

micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg), 15,000 μg/kg, and 170,000 μg/kg] and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) (2,000 

μg/kg, 56,000 μg/kg, and 81,000 μg/kg), and that the TCE contamination extends to 15 residential wells serving 56 

residents in the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood, at Level I concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 71 micrograms 

per liter (μg/L) [Table 2; Figures 2, 3; Ref. 2, 6, 7, 8, 39, 40]. Various chlorinated benzene compounds, including 1,2-

dichlorobenzene (850,000 μg/kg), were detected in Dump Area B [Ref. 6, 7, 8]. 

7 
 

 

 

 

CLIENT NAME: DATE: FIGURE #: 

PROJECT: 

LEGEND: TITLE: 

!(

Site Reference Point (BYR-SLD148) 

0 1,000 2,000 4,000 

Graphic Scale In Feet 

Site Location 

National Geographic TOPO! U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS). 7.5 Minute

 Series (Topographic) Quadrangles: Stanhope, NJ 1995 

Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 5 Superfund Technical Assessment and

 Response Team. Site Logbook No. 860-4E-AFGY,

 TDD No. S05-0013-0911-021. April 16, 2010. 

EPA 

Mansfield Trail Dump 

July 2010 1 

Site Location Map 

Mansfield Trail Dump 

Byram Township 

Sussex County, NJ 

®

Site Area 

"

P:\SAT2\Byram_TCE_GW\MXD\07963_BT_Site_Loc.mxd

NJ 

PA 

NY 

!(
 

 

 

 

 

Power Line Right-of-Way 

®
 

Dump Area D 

Dump Area A (Lower) 

BYR-SLD150 

#*!(

")

")

BYR-SLD148 

BYR-SLD149 

BYR-SLD144 

BYR-S101 

BYR-SS101A 

Dump Area A (Upper) 

BYR-S105 

BYR-SS105A !(

BYR-S100 

BYR-SS100A 

BYR-S104 / BYR-S107 (DUP) 

BYR-SLD145 / BYR-SLD147 (DUP) BYR-SS107A 

#*!( !(

Dump Area B 

#*!( BYR-S102 

BYR-SS102A	 Dump Area C 

!( BYR-S106 

BYR-SS106A 

Bike Path 

P:\SAT2\Byram_TCE_GW\MXD\07964_BT_Study_Area_85X11.mxd

200 100 0 200 
 

Graphic Scale In Feet
 

LEGEND:	 TITLE: 

") Waste Sample Location (April 2010)
 

#*
 Waste Sample Location (February - March, 2010)
 

!( Soil Sample Location (February - March, 2010)
 

Dump Areas 

PROJECT: 

Mansfield Trail Dump 

CLIENT NAME: 

EPA 

SOURCES: 

1. 2007 - 2008 High Resolution Orthophotography. NJ Office of Information 

 Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information Systems (OGIS).

 October 2008. http://njgin.nj.gov/OIT_IW/index.jsp 

2. Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 5 Superfund Technical Assessment and Response

 Team. Site Log Book No 860-4E-AFGY, TDD No. S05-0013-0911-021.

 December 1, 2009, February 22-24, March 1-5, 2010, April 16, 2010, and May 4, 2010 

Soil and Waste Sample Location Map
 

Mansfield Trail Dump
 

Byram Township
 

Sussex County, NJ
 

DATE:	 FIGURE #: 

July 2010 2 

R 
ROSS ROAD 

BROOKWOOD ROAD 

BYR-DW131 79 Brookwood Road BYR-DW130 BYR-DW124 

69 Brookwood Road BYR-DW129 

75 Brookwood Road 

77 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW119 

65 Brookwood Road BYR-DW121 67 Brookwood Road BYR-DW127 73 Brookwood Road 

P:\SAT2\Byram_TCE_GW\MXD\07966_BT_Res_Well_Sample.mxd 

BYR-DW137/BYR-DW138 (DUP) BYR-DW122 BYR-DW128 

63 Brookwood Road 71 Brookwood Road 74 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW136 

61 Brookwood Road BYR-DW125 

70 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW117 

BYR-DW118 BYR-DW126 

64 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW120 

68 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW132 

8 Ross Road 

BYR-DW114 

BYR-DW123 (DUP) 

4 Ross Road 

62 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW135 

60 Brookwood Road 

BYR-DW113 

3 Ross Road 

66 Brookwood Road Dump A

5 Ross Road 

BYR-DW133 

9 Ross Road 

7 Ross Road 

Dump Area A (Lower) Dump Area A (Upper) 

11 Ross Road 

Dump Area B Dump Area C 

300 150 0 300 

Graphic Scale In Feet B

SOURCES: 1. 2007 - 2008 High Resolution Orthophotography. NJ Office of Information 

 Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information Systems (OGIS).  October 2008. http://njgin.nj.gov/OIT_IW/index.jsp 

2. State of New Jersey Composite of Parcels Data, New Jersey State Plane 

 NAD83 and MOD-IV Tax List Search Database, New Jersey Office of Information  Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information Systems (OGIS) May 2010. https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/IW.jsp?DLayer= Parcels%20by%20County/Muni 

3. Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 5 Superfund Technical Assessment and Response 

 Team. Site Log Book No 860-4E-AFGY, TDD No. S05-0013-0911-021 December 1, 2009, February 22-24, March1-5, 2010, and May 4, 2010 

Parcel Boundary * Dump Areas 

* Wells all within property boundaries. * Sample locations annotated with sample identification number (ex. BYR-DW116). Residential properties without identification number were proposed but not sampled. 

PROJECT: TITLE: 

Mansfield Trail Dump R Residential Well Sample 

DATE: Mansfield Trail 

March 2010 CLIENT NAME: Byram Town

FIGURE #: EPA Sussex Count

3 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLIENT NAME: DATE: FIGURE #: 

PROJECT: 

SCALE: TITLE: 

<!

<!

<!

Dump Area A (Lower) 

Dump Area A (Upper) 

Dump Area C 

Dump Area B 

Dump Area D 

Power Line Right-of-Way 

Bike

Path Bike Path 

MW-1 

BYR-GW109 

MW-2 

BYR-GW110 

MW-3 

BYR-GW111 / BYR-GW112 (DUP) 

R 

®

200 100 0 200

Graphic Scale In Feet 

Mansfield Trail Dump 

EPA July 2010 4 

Monitoring Well Location Map 

Mansfield Trail Dump 

Byram Township 

Sussex County, NJ 

P:\SAT2\Byram_TCE_GW\MXD\07967_BT_MW_Loc_85X11.mxd

SOURCES: 

1. Bedrock Geology for New Jersey - Faults. New Jersey Department of

 Environmental Protection (NJDEP), New Jersey Geological Survey (NJGS). June

 30th, 1999. http://www.nj.gov/dep/njgs/geodata/dgs04-6.htm. 

2. 2007 - 2008 High Resolution Orthophotography. NJ Office of Information 

 Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information Systems (OGIS). 

 October 2008. http://njgin.nj.gov/OIT_IW/index.jsp 

3. Weston Solutions, Inc. Region 5 Superfund Technical Assessment and Response

 Team. Site Log Book No 860-4E-AFGY, TDD No. S05-0013-0911-021

 December 1, 2009 and May 4, 6, and 7, 2010 

<! Monitoring Well Sample Location 

Fault Location 

Dump Areas 

Legend: 

MW-2 

BYR-GW109 

Monitoring Well ID 

Sample ID 
GW-General 

3.0 GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY 

3.0.1 General Considerations

The predominant surficial deposits underlying the MTD site consist of Netcong (glacial) Till [Ref. 11, p. 1]. Glacial till 

is characterized by poorly-sorted, non-stratified sediment deposited by glacial ice or by flow of sediment from the glacier 

surface [Ref. 11, p. 1]. Till occurs in drumlins and moraines, and as a discontinuous layer on the bedrock surface, 

thickening in some of the lower-lying valleys [Ref. 11, p. 1; 25, p. 1]. The Netcong Till consists predominantly of sand, 

with 10 to 40 percent by volume pebbles and cobbles, and 5 to 10 percent by volume boulders [Ref. 11, p. 1]. The 

underlying bedrock consists mainly of Middle Proterozic-age crystalline gneissic and granitic rocks [Ref. 12, p. 1; 25, p. 

1; 26, p. 1]. 

The hydrogeology beneath the site is characterized by the glacial overburden aquifer being hydraulically connected to the 

underlying gneissic bedrock aquifer [Ref. 25, p. 1]. This aquifer interconnection is demonstrated by a downward 

migration of hazardous substances from Dump Area A into the bedrock aquifer to nearby residential wells. 

Concentrations of TCE documented at levels significantly above background have been found in these residential wells 

which are within 2 miles of the site source. [Figures 2, 3; Tables 1, 2; Ref. 6, p. 48; 39, p. 3; 40, pp. 8, 12, 16]. 

Therefore, an aquifer interconnection occurs within 2 miles of sources at the site and the combined aquifer constitutes the 

aquifer of concern, and is used in scoring the site [Ref. 1, p. 51595]. Based on the topography and the detections of 

VOCs in the residential wells, it is likely that shallow ground water flow beneath Dump Area A, which lies on the west 

side of the ridge, is to the west-northwest toward the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood [Figure 3; Ref. 25, p. 1; 

26, pp. 1, 3]. Therefore, the ridge forms a local surficial ground water divide and sources to the east (i.e., Dump Areas B 

and D) overlie a separate surficial aquifer [Figure 2; Ref. 4, p. 1; 25, p. 1; 26, p. 3]. 

Ground water flow in the bedrock is influenced by a complex system of local and regional faults, fractures, and joints; 

however, localized pumping of the private wells in the area affects ground water flow and contaminant transport [Ref. 25, 

p. 1]. The pumping of water supply wells, in this case the private wells in the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood 

creates cones of depression that causes water in the aquifer to converge on the wells from all directions [Ref. 33, p. 4]. 

Site-specific information indicates that ground water flow beneath the eastern portion of the site is south to north [Figure 

4; Ref. 35, p. 1]. On April 22 and 23, 2010, EPA installed Monitoring Well MW-3 south of the existing site monitoring 

wells previously installed by NJDEP (MW-1 and MW-2) [Figure 4; 35, pp. 1, 3-5]. MW-3’s design is similar to the 

existing NJDEP monitoring wells with approximately 100 feet of open hole [Ref. 14, pp. 5-8; 35, pp. 3-5]. On May 4, 

2010, all site monitoring wells were surveyed by a New Jersey-licensed surveyor [Ref. 35, pp. 6-10]. Based on static 

water level depths in each of the monitoring wells and the surveyed elevations of the wells’ inner casings, ground water 

flow is from south to north, with MW-3 being hydraulically upgradient of MW-1 and MW-2 [Figure 4; Ref. 35, pp. 6-9, 

11-14, 19]. 

Due to insufficient mapping, the lateral extent of the aquifer of concern and therefore the complete extent of the TDL is 

currently unknown. However, since only actually contaminated wells are used in scoring the site, it is not necessary to 

establish the complete extent of the aquifer within the TDL [Ref. 1, p. 51595]. Although there is insufficient information 

available to document the full extent of the aquifer within the TDL, EPA considers that there is still a threat of 

contaminant migration further than what is currently documented. 

Stratum 1 (shallowest) 

Stratum Name: Netcong Till 

Description: The surficial deposits underlying the site consist of poorly-sorted yellowish-brown silty sand with some to 

many pebbles, gravel, cobbles, and boulders [Ref. 11, p. 1; 25, p. 1; 27, p. 1]. Gravel clasts are mostly gneiss with some 

gray mudstone and sandstone [Ref. 27, p. 1]. The till is discontinuous and ranges from 0 to 15 feet thick on the north 

slope of the ridge (i.e., Dump Area A) and thicker (20-30 feet) in other areas of the site [Figure 2; Ref. 4, p. 1; 11, p.1; 

25, p. 1; 27, p. 1]. The hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained glacial till deposits such as this is approximately 10-4

centimeters per second (cm/s) [Ref. 1, p. 51601]. 

12 
GW-General 

Stratum 2

Stratum Name: Losee Gneiss 

Description: The Losee Gneiss bedrock is composed of medium-fine- to medium-coarse-grained, poorly-foliated gneiss 

[Ref. 12, p. 1]. The depth of the bedrock in the site area varies from less than 10 feet to approximately 30 feet below 

ground surface [Ref. 25, p. 1; 27, p. 1]. Ground water flow is preferential along faults, fractures, joints, and foliations 

and is affected by localized pumping of private and public supply wells [Ref. 25, p. 1; 33, p. 4]. The hydraulic 

conductivity of fractured bedrock such as this ranges from approximately 10-4 to 10-6 cm/s [Ref. 1, p. 51601]. 

13 
3.1 LIKELIHOOD OF RELEASE 

3.1.1 Observed Release

Chemical Analysis

Aquifer Being Evaluated: Crystalline Bedrock Aquifer 

An observed release to ground water by chemical analysis is established by residential well samples collected by EPA in 

February and March 2010. EPA collected residential well samples from 21 homes in the Brookwood and Ross Roads 

neighborhood [Figure 3; Ref. 6, pp. 15-16, 18-20, 22, 26-27, 30, 32-35, 38-42; 7, pp. 4-6, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 28]. Five of 

the residential well samples were collected from homes on the west end of the neighborhood that do not use a point of 

entry treatment system (POET) to evaluate background conditions [Figure 3; Ref. 6, pp. 15, 22, 26, 33, 41; 7, pp. 5-6]. 

Based on the west-northwest direction of ground water flow in the surficial aquifer on the west side of the ridge, the 

background wells are considered to be sidegradient of the source area [Figures 2, 3; Ref. 25, p. 1; 26, p. 3]. The 

residential well samples were collected directly into sample jars and if in use, prior to POET systems [Ref. 6, pp.16, 18-

20, 22, 26-27, 32-35, 38-42; 7, pp. 3-5]. TCE and 1,2-DCE were detected in 15 and 14 of the residential wells, 

respectively at concentrations that meet the criteria for observed release [Tables 1, 2; Ref. 1, p. 51589]. Based on 

topography and the detection of TCE in the residential wells, shallow ground water in the glacial overburden beneath 

Dump Area A flows west toward Brookwood Road [Figure 3; Table 1; Ref. 4, p. 1; 25, p. 1; 26, p. 3]. Residential well 

sampling results are presented in Tables 1 and 2. 

Notes on EPA Sample Similarity:

• Sampling Methods: The background and release residential well samples were all collected by EPA, according 

to EPA SOPs, during the same sampling event in February-March 2010 [Ref. 6, pp. 15-16, 18-21, 26, 30, 32-34, 

38-40, 42; 7, p. 3; 24, p. 12]. 

• Analytical Procedures: The background and release residential wells samples were all analyzed for TCL VOCs 

by the same laboratory (A4 Scientific of The Woodlands, Texas) [Ref. 6, pp. 18, 22, 27, 31, 37, 42; 7, pp. 1-2, 

14-24, 28-29; 8, pp. 35, 119]. The samples were received by the laboratory intact and under custody [Ref. 7, 

pp. 30-34, 36]. The chemical analyses were coordinated through the EPA CLP; EPA validated the analytical 

results according to Region 2 Data Validation guidelines [Ref. 7, pp. 3, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 28; 8, pp. 35-39, 119-

127]. 

• Aquifer of Concern: The background and release residential wells are all completed in the gneissic bedrock 

[Tables 1, 2; Ref. 25, p. 1]. 

• Open Hole Interval: The open hole elevations for the background (770 ft-440 ft MSL) and release (750 ft-482 ft 

MSL) wells overlap and are therefore part of the same relative portion of the aquifer [Ref. 31, p. 2]. 

MSL = Mean Sea Level 

14 
Table 1
 

Background Concentrations - VOCs
 

Residential Well Samples - February-March 2010
 

Mansfield Trail Dump, Byram Township, New Jersey
 

WESTON Sample No.: 

Background Well Concentrations 

BYR-DW132 BYR-DW133 BYR-DW135 BYR-DW136 BYR-DW

Address: 8 Ross Rd. 9 Ross Rd. 60 Brookwood Rd. 61 Brookwood Rd. 63 Brookw

Rd. 

EPA Sample No.: B7GJ1 B7GJ2 B7GJ4 B7GJ5 B7GJ

Date: 3/4/2010 3/2/2010 2/24/2010 2/23/2010 2/22/20

Number of Residents: 3 4 4 3 4 

Open Hole Interval (MSL) 770-645 770-640 710-660 690-440 690-55

VOCs (μg/L) Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result R

Trichloroethylene 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U 0.5 0.2 J* 0.5 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U 0.5 0.5 U Reference(s) Ref. 6, p. 41; 7, p. 

28; 8, pp. 149, 205; 10, p. 23; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 33; 7, p. 23; 8, pp. 173, 199; 10, p. 3; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 26; 7, p. 19; 8, pp. 64, 192; 10, p. 12; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 22; 7, p. 17; 8, pp. 67, 192; 10, p. 8; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 15; 14; 8, pp. 70, 10, p. 7; 31, p

All concentrations in micrograms per liter (ug/L).
 RDL = Reporting Detection Limit [i.e., sample quantitation limit (SQL)] [Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) x contract sample volume (mL)/total voluMSL = Feet above Mean Sea Level.
 U = The analyte was analyzed for, but was not detected at a level greater than or equal to the level of the adjusted CRQL for sample and method [Ref. 30, p. 6]. J = The analyte was positively identified and the associated numerical value is the approximate concentration of the analyte in the sample (due either to the quality certain quality control criteria were not met, or the concentration of the analyte was below the CRQL) [Ref. 30, p. 6].
 * The reported concentration is below the RDL; therefore, no adjustment factor was applied [Ref. 8, p. 192; 32, p. 4]. 

15 
Table 2
 

Release Well Concentrations - VOCs
 

Residential Well Samples - February-March 2010
 

Mansfield Trail Dump, Byram Township, New Jersey
 

WESTON Sample No.: 

Release Well Concentrations 

BYR-DW113 BYR-DW114 BYR-DW123 BYR-DW117 BYR-DW118 BYR-DW119 BYR-DW120 BYR-DW121 BYR-DW122 BYR-D

Address: 3 Ross Rd. 4 Ross Rd. 4 Ross Rd. 62 Brookwood Rd. 64 Brookwood Rd. 65 Brookwood Rd. 66 Brookwood Rd. 67 Brookwood Rd. 71 Brookwood Rd. 69 Brook

EPA Sample No.: B7GG2 B7GG3 B7GH2 B7GG6 B7GG7 B7GG8 B7GG9 B7GH0 B7GH1 B7G

Date: 3/2/2010 3/2/2010 3/2/2010 2/22/2010 3/2/2010 2/24/2010 3/3/2010 3/4/2010 2/23/2010 3/2/2

Number of Residents: 2 5 Dup. of BYR- DW114 4 5 5 3 1 4 2 

Open Hole Interval (MSL) Unknown 750-600 750-600 730-680 730-630 Unknown 730-495 671-610 730-655 Unkn

VOCs (μg/L) Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result RDL Result 

Trichloroethylene 8.5 0.5 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.5 5.9 0.5 4.2 0.5 1.3 0.5 71 D 5.0 19 0.5 18 0.5 6.7 

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 4.8 0.5 0.74 0.5 0.74 0.5 1.6 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 78 D 5.0 5.3 0.5 8.6 0.5 3.5 Reference(s) Ref. 6, p. 33; 7, p. 23; 8, 

pp. 155, 195; 10, p. 19. 

Ref. 6, p. 32; 7, p. 23; 8, pp. 158, 195; 10, p. 13; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 32; 7, p. 23; 8, pp. 164, 197; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 16; 7, p. 14; 8, 

pp. 40, 187; 10, p. 11; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 34; 7, p. 23; 8, pp. 161, 196; 10, p. 20; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 27; 7, p. 19; 8, pp. 43, 187; 10, p. 9. 

Ref. 6, p. 38; 7, p. 28; 8, pp. 128, 131, 201; 10, p. 21; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 40; 7, p. 28; 8, pp. 134, 202; 10, p. 22; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 20; 7, p. 17; 8, 

pp. 46, 188; 10, p. 16; 31, p. 2. 

Ref. 6, p. 35pp. 167, 197

All concentrations in micrograms per liter (ug/L).
 MSL = Feet above Mean Sea Level.
 

RDL = Reporting Detection Limit [i.e., sample quantitation limit (SQL)] [Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) x contract sample volume (mL)/total volume purged (mL)] [Ref. 29, p. 14].
 D = The sample or extract is reanalyzed at a dilution factor (DF) greater than 1 (e.g., when the response of an analyte exceeds the response of the highest standard in the initial calibration) [Ref. 29, p. 5]. 

Blank Space = Reported value not used in observed release evaluation. 

Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM) Level I Benchmark = 0.21 ug/L [Ref. 2, p. 6].
 

16 
GW-Observed Release 

Attribution:

Previous evidence of site-attributable ground water contamination is documented by soil and ground water samples 

collected by NJDEP in 2009 [ Ref. 9, pp. 1-17; 14, pp. 2, 7-8]. Sampling of ground water shows that no other sources of 

TCE or cis-1,2-DCE contamination are present in the vicinity of the site. A soil sample was collected from Dump Area 

A and analyzed for VOCs by the NJDEP mobile laboratory [Ref. 9, pp. 4-7]. Analytical results indicated the presence of 

TCE (20,342.52 ppm) [Ref. 9, p. 6]. 

In May 2009, NJDEP installed two monitoring wells east and downgradient of Dump Area A [Figure 4; Ref. 14, pp. 5-6]. 

The two monitoring wells, MW-1 and MW-2, were both completed to a depth of 100 feet below grade within the 

underlying fractured bedrock aquifer [Ref. 14, pp. 5-8]. In July and October 2009, NJDEP collected samples from these 

wells using passive diffusion bags at various depths throughout the water column [Ref. 9, pp. 14-17; 14, pp. 2, 7-8]. 

Total concentrations of TCE, 1,2-DCE, and vinyl chloride in MW-1 ranged from 1.61 parts per billion (ppb) to 9.48 ppb; 

concentrations in MW-2 ranged from 771 ppb to 835 ppb [Ref. 14, pp. 7-8]. 

In April 2010, EPA collected waste samples BYR-SLD148, BYR-SLD149 (environmental duplicate of BYR-SLD148), 

and BYR-SLD150 from the Dump Area A lower trench according to American Society for Testing and Materials 

(ASTM) standard operating procedures (SOPs), using a disposable coring body/storage chamber [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 48; 

23, pp. 6-7; 39, pp. 2-3, 7, 9, 11]. Analysis of waste samples BYR-SLD148, BYR-SLD149, and BYR-SLD150 confirms 

the presence of TCE at concentrations of 15,000 μg/kg, 170,000 μg/kg, and 630 μg/kg, respectively and cis-1,2-DCE at 

concentrations of 81,000 μg/kg, 56,000 μg/kg, and 2,000 μg/kg, respectively [Figure 2; Ref. 40, pp. 8, 12, 16]. There is 

no liner or other containment system present in Dump Area A that could prevent the vertical migration of contamination 

into the subsurface [Ref. 6, p. 63; 41, pp. 1-6]. Dump Area A is located on a hilltop directly above the Brookwood and 

Ross Roads neighborhood [Figure 3; Ref. 4, p. 1]. Sampling and analysis of ground water samples collected from 

residential wells in the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood, located downgradient of Dump Area A, indicates that 

TCE and cis-1,2-DCE are present at concentrations significantly above background concentrations detected in residential 

wells to the west of the contaminated wells [Figure 3; Tables 1, 2]. Based on topography and the detection of TCE in 

the residential wells, shallow ground water in the glacial overburden beneath Dump Area A is believed to flow west 

toward Brookwood Road [Figure 3; Ref. 25, p. 1; 26, p. 3]. 

In April 2006, NJDEP collected an aqueous sample from a ground water seep discharging at 70 Brookwood Road (Block 

365.06, Lot 10) [Figure 3; Ref. 28, pp. 2, 8-9]. The property is located northwest and downslope of Dump Area A 

[Figure 3; Ref. 4, p. 1]. Analysis of the seep sample indicted the presence of TCE (49.67 ppb) and cis-1,2-DCE (61.39 

ppb) [Ref. 28, p. 6]. 

TCE is a colorless liquid used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts and it is also an ingredient in 

adhesives, paint removers, correction fluids, and spot removers [Ref. 20, p. 1]. TCE is thought not to occur naturally in 

the environment and is found in ground water as a result of manufacture, use, and disposal of the chemical [Ref. 20, p. 1]. 

It can remain in ground water for a long period of time [Ref. 20, p. 1]. In an oxygen-poor environment TCE will break 

down to form cis-1,2-DCE [Ref. 21, p. 1]. 

 

A review of State and Federal environmental databases indicates that there are no known additional sources of TCE or 

cis-1,2-DCE in the vicinity of the site [Ref. 17, pp. 3-40]. Historical information and topographic maps indicate that 

neither the site, nor the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood, has a history of industrial use [Ref. 18, pp. 3-9; 19, p. 

2]. A dry cleaning facility is located approximately 3,700 feet west-southwest of the intersection of Brookwood and 

Ross Roads along Route 206 [Ref. 15, p. 1]. However, this facility is not listed as a generator of hazardous waste in 

Federal or State databases [Ref. 17, pp. 12-14]. In addition, residential wells that were sampled by EPA and found not to 

be contaminated with TCE are located in the west-southwest portion of the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood, 

between the contaminated wells and the location of the dry cleaning facility [Figure 3; Ref. 7, pp. 5-6; 8, pp. 64, 67, 70, 

73, 149, 173; 15, p. 1]. A machine shop that designs and manufactures custom machinery and electronic controls is 

located less than 1 mile southeast of the site; however, a search of Federal and State environmental databases of 

hazardous waste generators within 1 mile of the site indicates that the facility is not listed as a generator [Ref. 17, pp. 12-

14; 22, p. 1]. 

17 
GW-Observed Release 

The Byram Bus Co. garage is located east of the site along County Route 605 [Ref. 13, p. 2]. However, the facility is 

located on the opposite side of a steep, narrow valley that separates it from site sources [Ref. 4, p. 1; 13, p. 2]. An 

abandoned railroad bed and a divided stream that flows north are located on the valley floor [Ref. 4, p. 1; 13, pp. 1-2; 26, 

p. 3]. A shallow ground water flow map prepared by a NJDEP geologist indicates that this facility is on the other side of 

a shallow ground water flow divide from the site and that shallow ground water flow beneath the facility flows west 

toward the valley and the stream [Ref. 26, pp. 1, 3]. Shallow ground water flow on the east side of the site ridge flows 

east toward the valley and the stream [Ref. 26, p. 3]. On October 6, 2009, NJDEP collected surface water samples from 

the stream [Ref. 13, p. 1-2, 4]. Surface water samples SW7, SW8, and SW9 were collected from the east branch of the 

stream directly downslope of the Byram Bus Co. garage [Ref. 13, p. 2]. Analysis of the surface water samples indicated 

non-detect values for site contaminants (i.e., TCE and cis-1,2-DCE) [Ref. 13, pp. 26-27, 29-30, 32-33]. 

On April 22 and 23, 2010, EPA installed Monitoring Well MW-3 south of the existing site monitoring wells previously 

installed by NJDEP (MW-1 and MW-2) [Figure 4; 35, pp. 1, 3-5]. MW-3’s design is similar to the existing NJDEP 

monitoring wells with approximately 100 feet of open hole [Ref. 14, pp. 5-8; 35, pp. 3-5]. On May 4, 2010, all site 

monitoring wells were surveyed by a New Jersey-licensed surveyor [Ref. 35, pp. 6-10]. On May 6 and 7, 2010, EPA 

collected ground water samples from the site monitoring wells [Figure 4; Ref. 6, pp. 55-62; 36, pp. 2-3, 9, 11]. The 

samples were collected in accordance with EPA Region 2’s Ground water Sampling Procedure, Low Stress (Low Flow) 

Purging and Sampling, dated March 1998 and the chemical analyses were coordinated through the EPA CLP; EPA 

validated the analytical results according to Region 2 Data Validation guidelines [Ref. 6, pp. 55-58, 60-61; 36, pp. 1-2, 9-

12; 35, pp. 11-14; 37, pp. 1-6; 38, pp. 1-9]. 

Based on static water level depths in each of the monitoring wells measured during the sampling event, and the surveyed 

elevations of the wells’ inner casings, ground water flow is from south to north, with MW-3 being hydraulically 

upgradient of MW-1 and MW-2 [Figure 4; Ref. 35, pp. 6-9, 11-14, 19]. Analysis of ground water samples BYR-GW111 

and BYR-GW112 (environmental duplicate sample), collected from MW-3, indicated non-detect values for site 

contaminants of concern (i.e., TCE and 1,2-DCE) [Figure 4; Ref. 6, p. 56; 36, p 3; 37, pp. 10-11]. Analysis of ground 

water samples BYR-GW109 and BYR-GW110, collected from MW-1 and MW-2, respectively indicated the presence of 

TCE at concentrations of 10 μg/L and 16 μg/L, respectively [Figure 4; Ref. 6, pp. 58, 61; 36, p. 3; 37, pp. 7, 9]. 

Monitoring wells MW-1 and MW-2 are located between Dump Areas B and D [Figure 4]. Sampling and analysis of soil 

samples collected from Dump Area D by the NJDEP in 2009 and from Dump Area B by EPA in 2010 also indicated the 

presence of TCE [Ref. 7, p. 4; 8, p. 12; 9, pp. 12]. Therefore, the analytical data from MW-3 demonstrates that the TCE 

detected in the residential wells in not coming from an off-site source to the south-southeast. 

Hazardous Substances Released:

Trichloroethylene (TCE) 

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (cis-1,2-DCE) 

 

================================================================================== 

Ground Water Observed Release Factor Value: 550

18 
 GW-Waste Characteristics 

3.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 

SOURCE DESCRIPTION 

Number of the source: Source No. 1

Name and description of the source: Dump Area A (lower trench)

Source Type: Surface Impoundment (buried/backfilled)

The source under consideration is the Dump Area A (lower trench) surface impoundment [Figure 2; Ref. 1, p. 51591; 6, 

pp. 48, 63; 39, p. 3]. Although Dump Area A consists of two trenches (upper and lower), waste samples were only 

collected from the lower trench [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 48; 39, pp. 1-3]. Therefore, the lower trench is evaluated as the 

source. Dump Area A is located on a ridgeline that trends southwest to northeast, directly upslope of and overlooking the 

Brookwood/Ross Roads neighborhood to the west [Figures 2, 3; Ref. 4, p. 1; 14, pp. 2-3]. In April 2010, EPA collected 

three waste samples from Dump Area A (BYR-SLD148, BYR-SLD-149, and BYR-SLD-150) [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 48; 

39, pp. 1-3, 9, 11]. The waste samples were analyzed for TCL VOCs through the EPA CLP [Ref. 39, pp. 1-2, 9, 11; 40, 

pp. 1-2, 8, 12, 16]. The waste samples were received by the laboratory intact and under custody [Ref. 39, p. 11]. The 

sample analytical data were validated by EPA Region 2 and determined to be valid and acceptable [Ref. 40, pp. 2, 8, 12, 

16]. The Sample Quantitation Limits (SQLs) (i.e., Reporting Detection Limits) for BYR-SLD148, BYR-SLD149, and 

BYR-SLD150 were 24 μg/kg, 21 μg/kg, and 20 μg/kg, respectively [Ref. 40, pp. 22-23, 25]. Analytical results indicate 

that the waste samples from Dump Area A are contaminated with TCE (15,000 μg/kg, 170,000 μg/kg, and 630 μg/kg) 

and cis-1,2-DCE (81,000 μg/kg, 56,000 μg/kg, and 2,000 μg/kg) [Figure 2; Ref. 40, pp. 8, 12, 16]. 

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) defines a solid waste as, among other characteristics, a discarded 

(i.e., abandoned) material that is inherently waste-like [Ref. 34, p. 1]. The material observed and sampled in Dump Area 

A consists of a man-made waste material that possesses a color and texture different from the surrounding soil [Ref. 6, 

pp. 92-93]. Sampling and analysis of residential well samples collected by EPA in February-March 2010 indicates that 

the TCE contamination extends to 15 residential wells serving 56 residents in the Brookwood and Ross Roads 

neighborhood, at Level I concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 71 μg/L [Table 2; Figure 3; Ref. 2, p. 6]. 

Containment

Release to ground water: No evidence of a liner, maintained engineered cover, or other containment features were 

present during the site reconnaissance or subsequent sampling at the site, therefore, a containment factor of 10 is assigned 

[Ref. 1, p. 51596; 6, p. 43; 41, pp. 1-6]. 

Other Sources

NJDEP and EPA have identified two other sources and one potential source that are not used in scoring the site. In 

September 2009, NJDEP collected soil samples from Dump Areas B and D [Figure 2; Ref. 9, pp. 8-13]. Analysis of the 

soil sample from Dump Area B indicated the presence of various methylated and chlorinated benzene compounds, such 

as 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (80.24 ppm) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (202.39 ppm) [Ref. 9, pp. 8-11]. Analysis of the soil 

sample collected from Dump Area D indicated the presence of cis-1,2-DCE (2.22 ppm), TCE (10.28 ppm), as well as 

various chlorinated benzene compounds [Ref. 9, pp. 12-13]. Analysis of soil and waste samples collected by EPA in 

February-March 2010 confirmed the presence of chlorinated benzene compounds in Dump Area B [Figure 2; Ref. 6, pp. 

17, 36; 7, pp. 6, 26; 8, pp. 12, 114, 117]. Dump Area C consists of a disturbed area adjacent to Dump Area B [Figure 2; 

Ref. 6, pp. 6-7, 65]. Although no waste material similar to that found in Dump Areas A, B, and D has been observed in 

this area, during the December 2009 reconnaissance NJDEP identified it as an area of concern based on evidence of 

dumping, such as the presence of tires and miscellaneous debris on the surface, as well as the area’s proximity to Dump 

Area B [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 6]. 

19 
GW-Waste Characteristics 

3.2.1 Toxicity/Mobility

Hazardous Source Toxicity Mobility Toxicity/ 

Substance Numbers Factor Value Factor Value Mobility Reference(s)

Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 1, OR 100 1.0 100 2, p. 4 

Trichloroethylene 1, OR 10,000 1.0 10,000 2, p. 6 

OR = Observed Release 

3.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

Hazardous Waste Quantity (HRS Section 2.4.2)

Area (HRS Section 2.4.2.1.4)

Sampling and analysis by EPA in 2010 showed the presence of TCE-contaminated waste in the lower trench within 

Dump Area A [Figure 2; Ref. 6, p. 48; 39, p. 3; 40, pp. 8, 12, 16]. The lower trench encompasses an area of 

approximately 1,200 square feet (120 feet x 10 feet) [Ref. 6, p. 5]. The source type is ‘Surface Impoundment 

(buried/backfilled),’ so the area value is divided by 13 to obtain the assigned value, as shown below [Ref. 1, p. 51591]. 

Dimension of source (ft2

): 1,200 ft2

Area (A) Assigned Value: (1,200)/13 = 92.3 

Sum of Values: 92 (rounded to nearest integer as specified in HRS Section 2.4.2.2) 

The sum corresponds to a hazardous waste quantity factor value of 1 in Table 2-6 of the HRS [Ref. 1, p. 51591]. 

However, the HRS states that if any target is subject to Level I or Level II concentrations, assign either the value from 

Table 2-6 or a value of 100, whichever is greater, as the hazardous waste quantity factor value for that pathway [Ref. 1, 

p. 51592]. 

3.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value

TCE corresponds to the toxicity/mobility factor value of 10,000, as shown previously (see Section 3.2.1). 

Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value (10,000) x Hazardous 

Waste Quantity Factor Value (100): 1 x 106

The product (1 x 106

) corresponds to a Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value of 32 in Table 2-7 of the HRS [Ref. 

1, p. 51592]. 

==================================================================================

Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value: 10,000 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100 

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 32 

20 
GW-Targets 

3.3 TARGETS

Sampling and analysis of residential well samples collected by EPA in February and March 2010 indicated that 56 people 

are served by private wells contaminated with Level I concentrations of TCE [Table 2]. EPA collected pre-treatment 

residential well samples from 21 homes in the Brookwood and Ross Roads neighborhood [Figure 3; Ref. 6, pp. 15-16, 

18-20, 22, 26-27, 30, 32-35, 39-42; 7, pp. 4-6, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 28]. The samples were analyzed for TCL VOCs 

through the EPA CLP and the data was validated according to EPA Region 2 Data Validation guidelines [Ref. 7, pp. 1, 3, 

14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 28; 8, pp. 35-78, 119-178]. Analytical results indicate that 15 of the 21 residential wells are 

contaminated with TCE at concentrations significantly above background [Tables 1, 2]. Numerous public supply wells 

and wellhead protection areas are located within 4 miles of Dump Area A [Ref. 16, p. 1]. 

Level I Samples

Site-attributable TCE was detected at Level I concentrations in 15 of the 21 residential wells sampled by EPA in 

February and March 2010 [Figure 3; Tables 1, 2; Ref. 2, p. 6]. The total population served by these wells is 56 [Table 1]. 

 

Level II Samples

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, Level II 

concentrations were not scored. 

3.3.1 Nearest Well

The drinking water well at 66 Brookwood Road that serves three residents is located less than 0.25 mile northwest of 

Dump Area A and is subject to a Level I concentration (EPA Sample No. BYR-DW120); therefore, a nearest well factor 

value of 50 is assigned [Figure 3; Table 2; Ref. 1, pp. 51602-51603; 2, p. 6; 10, p. 21; 31, p. 23]. 

===================================================================================

Nearest Well Factor Value: 50 

21 
GW-Targets 

3.3.2 Population

3.3.2.2 Level I Concentrations

The Level I benchmark for TCE listed in the Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM) is 0.21 μg/L (cancer risk 

screening concentration) [Ref. 2, p. 6]. Site-attributable TCE was detected at Level I concentrations in 15 of the 21 

residential wells sampled by EPA in February and March 2010 [Figure 3; Tables 1, 2; Ref. 2, p. 6]. The total population 

served by the wells showing Level I concentrations is 56 [Table 2]. 

 Address Population 

Served By 

Well 

3 Ross Rd. 2 

4 Ross Rd. 5 

62 Brookwood Rd. 4 

64 Brookwood Rd. 5 

65 Brookwood Rd. 5 

66 Brookwood Rd. 3 

67 Brookwood Rd. 1 

71 Brookwood Rd. 4 

69 Brookwood Rd. 2 

70 Brookwood Rd. 6 

68 Brookwood Rd. 2 

73 Brookwood Rd. 3 

74 Brookwood Rd. 4 

75 Brookwood Rd. 5 

79 Brookwood Rd. 5 

===================================================================================

Population Served by Level I Wells: 56 Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 560 [Ref. 1, p. 51603] 

3.3.2.3 Level II Concentrations

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, Level II 

concentrations were not scored. 

===================================================================================

Population Served by Level II Wells: NS Level II Concentrations Factor Value: NS 

3.3.2.4 Potential Contamination

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Potential 

Contamination Factor Value was not scored. 

===================================================================================

Potential Contamination Factor Value: NS

22 
23 

GW-Targets 

3.3.3 Resources

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Resources 

Factor Value was not scored. 

===================================================================================

Resources Factor Value: NS 

3.3.4 Wellhead Protection Area

Since Level I concentrations result in a maximum score of 100.00 for the ground water migration pathway, the Wellhead 

Protection Area Factor Value was not scored. 

===================================================================================

Wellhead Protection Area Factor Value: NS