# Patent

## Title
Method and apparatus for photograph finding

## Abstract

Digital image data including discrete photographic images of a variety of different subjects, times, and so forth, are collected and analyzed to identify specific features in the photographs. In an embodiment of the invention, distinctive markers are distributed to aid in the identification of particular subject matter. Facial recognition may also be employed. The digital image data is maintained in a database and quarried in response to search requests. The search requests include criteria specifying any feature category or other identifying information, such as date, time, and location that each photograph was taken, associated with each photograph. Candidate images are provided for review by requesters, who may select desired images for purchase or downloading.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/544,570, filed Feb. 12, 2004, which application is specifically incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Photography has transformed how people conceive of the world. Photographs allow people to see all sorts of things that are actually many miles away and/or years preceding. Photography lets people capture moments in time and preserve them for years to come.
Often people at a public place notice that a stranger has taken a photograph of which they would love to have a copy. Alternatively, after going somewhere, a person may bemoan the fact that he did not have a photograph of the event (in the present context, photograph also includes video, audio, or other representation).
A need exists, therefore, to provide a method and apparatus for identifying and connecting people with photographs they want. In addition, there is a need to provide a method and apparatus for characterizing errant photographs stored on computer databases that makes use of a variety of attributes to reliably characterize photographs in such a way as to reduce the amount of manual review necessary to identify and connect people with the photographs they want.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method and apparatus that matches people with photographs in which they accidentally (or purposely) appear or with photographs of events they have attended.
Specifically, in one embodiment, a web site is created with a database back end. The database is seeded with information provided by (1) the photographer; (2) recovering metadata from the photograph; (3) reading devices such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) device; (4) referencing the account data of the photographer (i.e., account number, photographer's zip code or area code, etc.); (5) analyzing the photograph (i.e., computer recognizes eye color, optical character recognizes any text found in the photograph, recognizes the number of persons, the gender of persons, the hair color, the time of day by optical character recognizing any clocks in the photograph or analyzing the lighting conditions, the weather, etc.); (6) photograph quality information; and/or (7) any other information.
A user looking for a photograph would visit the web site and search for certain criteria. The user is then provided with a gallery of thumbnails that match the criteria. When the user identifies a photograph he wants to own, he can then download the full quality version, or order print(s). In a preferred implementation, the user is charged some amount of money that is split between the site owner and the photographer. Alternatively, the user may be charged in some other way, such as by viewing advertisements or by exchanging credits for downloads or by some other payment or a combination thereof.
A more complete understanding of the present invention will be afforded to those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additional advantages and objects thereof, by a consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing exemplary steps of a method according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary distinctive marker for photographic data.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a method and apparatus that matches people with photographs in which they accidentally (or purposely) appear or with photographs of events they have attended.
FIG. 1 illustrates exemplary steps of a method 100 according to the invention. At optional step 102, distinctive markers may be distributed to persons desiring to contribute photographic images to a database. The markers may comprise, for example, distinctive bins, badges, or stickers for placing on objects to be photographed. The markers should be designed so as to be easily recognized using automatic recognition algorithms, but should not be too conspicuous.
At step 104, image data is collected from a variety of sources. It may be desirable to accept material from as many sources as possible, to increase the number of images available for browsing. Optionally, images may be accepted from qualified sources only.
At step 104, source information regarding each photograph is collected. For example, at step 108, the image provider may be asked for information, such as the time and date of the photograph, the subject matter, location, photographer, etc. Image metadata may also be read to obtain such information. Other ways of associating images to identifying information may include, for example, reading devices such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) device attached to a camera or other image capture device, or by referencing account data of the image contributor (e.g., account number, photographer's zip code or area code, etc.).
At step 110, image data is analyzed to identify any characteristics that may be of interest to users. Such characteristics may include, for example, eye color, words and sentences, a number or gender of persons, the hair color, time of day, lighting conditions, and so forth. For further example, at step 112, a facial recognition program as known in the art may be used to analyze any faces appearing in the photos at a sufficiently high resolution. At step 114, the images may be analyzed for the presence of any known markers. And at step 116, other features and qualities of the image may be classified, for example, whether it is taken indoors or outdoors, whether it contains people, dogs, cats, or other animals, whether it contains automobiles, airplanes, or other objects, and so forth. At step 118, selected feature information and other source information is associated with each image and provided to any suitable relational database.
At step 120, requests specifying search criteria for photographic images are received. For example, a user looking for a photograph may visit a web site hosted by the system and fill out a search form specifying search criteria of interest. The criteria may include specific subject matter, times, dates, and locations. For example, “Disneyland AND Matterhorn AND blue eye AND child AND Jan. 1, 2004 AND morning” would search for a photograph or photographs taken at Disneyland's Matterhorn with a child who has blue eyes on the morning of Jan. 1, 2004.
At step 122, the image database is queried as known in the art, to identify images that at least partially match the search criteria. Such images may be presented, at step 124, to the user. For example, the user may be provided with a gallery of “thumbnail” (reduced-size) images generated from images that match the criteria. When the user identifies a photograph he wants to own, he can then download the full quality version, or order print(s). In a preferred implementation, the user is charged some amount of money that is split between the site owner and the photographer. Alternatively, the user may be charged in some other way, such as by viewing advertisements or by exchanging credits for downloads or by some other payment or a combination thereof. The price can be on a sliding scale depending on the quality of the photograph that the user downloads or the size or quality of the print. For example, a photograph may cost $1.00 for 1024×768 resolution or $2.00 for 1600×1200 resolution. Similarly, a print may cost $1.00 for 3×5 or $5 for 8×10. For downloads, an “upgrade” may be possible by charging the difference between the resolutions. An automated process may be used to reduce the number of pixels for purposes of having a lower quality version to sell.
In addition, a surcharge may be applied (even if no surcharge is required) for various enhancements to the photograph, such as “upconverting” to a higher resolution, eliminating red-eye, enhancing shadow, color, or brightness, etc.
Moreover, when a photographer takes photographs, he can be provided with printed cards bearing a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and a unique code in order that the user would be able to enter into the web site to find the photograph or the series of photographs then being taken. The photographer can also distribute cards (the printed cards bearing the URL and the unique code or any other cards known to those skilled in the art) to people whom he photographs, whether intentionally or inadvertently. The photographer can further advertise the same (e.g., the URL and the unique code) via a mark on his camera, a T-shirt, or other means.
Fixed-place cameras can also serve this function (e.g., the of photographer). For example, a camera set up at an intersection in Hollywood might take and upload one photograph every 10 seconds.
Photographers can also be given accounts and be allowed to upload photographs to the site. The database is populated during this process, although additional database information can be added later by web site users. In addition, the number of times the photograph has been purchased and/or viewed can be a part of the database.
In one embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention should be capable of face recognition. It should assign values to various factors (i.e., ratio of distance between pupils to distance to tip of nose, etc.). It would add this information to the database for uploaded photographs. A user can then upload a photograph of the target person and the system would then generate the same data from that photograph and use it to limit the possible search targets.
A provider of the present method and apparatus or a photographer can also hand out pins, clothing, or other materials that are marked in a way that allows a computer to later recognize them in a photograph. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary distinctive marker 200 having an optical code 202, such as a bar code. The marker may have a color combination, distinctive shape, lettering, bar code, or other optical pattern, or some combination of the foregoing, that is unique to the marker. The marker may be computer generated, for example, and produced using an end-user's laser or ink-jet printer. The marker may be associated with specific information, for example, a particular user account, photographer, subject matter type, person, event, or location. Users can later search for photographs containing an image of the marker.
Numerous distribution mechanisms exist whereby photographs may be distributed from a source over a wide area network, such as the Internet. In some cases, the photographs are distributed using a centralized server system (such as Napster 2.0, eBay, or from a web site). In other cases, the photographs are distributed using a decentralized system (such as Gnutella). In a preferred implementation, the photographs are distributed to a person using the centralized server system or using a central hub.
Embodiments of the present invention operate in accordance with at least one web-hosting mechanism and a plurality of user mechanisms communicating over a wide area network, such as the Internet. Specifically, a web-hosting mechanism includes a database, an interface application and a server, wherein the server is adapted to communicate with a plurality of user mechanisms over a wide area network. It should be appreciated that the mechanisms described can include, but are not limited to, personal computers, mainframe computers, personal digital assistances, wireless communication devices and all other physical and wireless connected network devices generally known to those skilled in the art. It should further be understood that the database depicted can include, but is not limited, to RAM, cache memory, flash memory, magnetic disks, optical disks, removable disks, SCSI disks, IDE hard drives, tape drives, and all other types of data storage devices (and combinations thereof, such as RAID devices) generally known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the mechanisms described above are for purposes of example only and the invention is not limited thereby.
Having thus described several embodiments for photograph finding, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the system have been achieved. It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. For example, in the context of the present invention a photograph can include video, audio, and/or other representation of how people conceive of the world. The invention is defined by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for distributing image data, comprising:
collecting digital image data comprising a plurality of discrete photographic images in digital form;
collecting source information for each of the plurality of discrete photographic images;
automatically analyzing the digital image data to assign alphanumeric descriptions of objects appearing in each of the plurality of discrete photographic images;
providing the digital image data for storage in a database in association with source information and the assigned alphanumeric descriptions of objects appearing in the images;
receiving requests to search the digital image data over a wide area network, wherein the requests comprise alphanumeric search criteria specifying alphanumeric descriptions of objects;
serving responses to the requests, the responses comprising a list of identifiers for discrete photographic images in the database at least partially matching the search criteria.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the source information comprises a time and a location that each of the discrete photographic images was first generated.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising querying the database to identify discrete photographic images at least partially matching the search criteria.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing step further comprises identifying facial characteristics of persons imaged in the digital image data.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising electronically distributing a plurality of distinctive markers to contributors of the digital image data configured for printing on remote printers to provide distinctive marking signs for placing with subject matter to be photographed.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the analyzing step further comprises identifying the distinctive markers when present in the plurality of discrete photographic images.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving requests step further comprises receiving search criteria specifying selected ones of the distinctive markers.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving requests step further comprises receiving search criteria specifying a specific public event occurring at a specified date and location.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising distributing a plurality of distinctive optical markers configured for placing with subject matter to be photographed, each of the markers marked with optically encoded identifying data and having a predetermined appearance to facilitate computer recognition of the each of the markers in photographic image data.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising recording predetermined appearances of each of the distinctive optical markers for use in analyzing digital image data.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising automatically analyzing the digital image data to detect any of the distinctive optical markers by comparison with the recorded predetermined appearances.

12. The method of claim 9, further comprising reading the identifying data encoded on the distinctive optical markers detected in the digital image data.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing the digital image data for storage in the database in association with the identifying data encoded on the distinctive optical markers detected in the digital image data.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein receiving requests to access the digital image data further comprises receiving additional alphanumeric search criteria specifying the identifying data.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising electronically transmitting the plurality of distinctive optical markers configured for printing on remote printers operated by remote clients.