# Patent

## Title
Universal multimedia optic disc player and its application for revocable copy protection

## Abstract

The media player employs an operating system that supports a virtual machine into which auto-run playback programs may be loaded and run. The auto run playback program is stored on the media containing the program content, such as on an optical disc medium. When the medium is inserted in the player, the auto run playback program automatically launches and is thereafter used to access playback the media content. Support for legacy media is provided to allow the player to playback compact discs and DVD discs that were manufactured without the auto run playback program.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/821,644 filed on Mar. 29, 2001. The disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to media players, such as audio/video and multimedia players. More particularly, the invention relates to a player having unlimited compatibility at the application level employing an operating system with associated virtual machine that provides an environment to host an auto-run playback program obtained from the media placed in the player.
Present-day consumer electronic media players, such as DVD players, CD players, laser disc players, and the like, are designed to work with certain pre-specified types of media. For example, a DVD player may be designed to play both DVD video discs and CD audio discs, both based on industry standard formats. The application programs used to decode and play back these media are hard coded into the operating system and application layer of the player hardware. Thus, these conventional media players do not provide an easy upward migration path.
For example, there is currently much interest in providing consumer electronic products with more flexible, interactive features. For example, the user of a DVD video player might be given the ability to change vantage points, allowing the user to view the movie from a different angle. Adding such an interactive feature would likely entail changes in the application layer of the operating system, requiring the user to purchase a new player with these advanced features. Currently player technology simply does not provide an upward migration path suitable for providing changes of this magnitude.
Having a better upward migration path could greatly facilitate the introduction of new, innovative features within the consumer electronics market. However, such an upgrade path is not limited to adding new features. It would also be quite useful to support more sophisticated copy protection schemes, such as revocable copy protection schemes. Present day media player technology is limited in this regard. Current players are able to implement a form of copy protection using copy protection algorithms that are burned into the operating system and application layer of the player. This affords little flexibility. As new copy protection schemes are developed, it would be desirable to allow existing consumer electronic products to take advantage of these new protection schemes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention addresses the above issues through the use of a media player that provides unlimited compatibility at the application level. The player employs an operating system having an associated virtual machine that provides an environment to host an auto-run playback program obtained from the media. In an optical disc player, for example, the auto-run program is stored on the disc itself, and is loaded into and run from within the virtual machine automatically when the disc is placed in the disc drive. The auto-run playback program thus executes under the operating system and provides control instructions to the media player's processor to cause the processor to access media content from the media and supply that content to the player's signal processing circuitry for output to the media presentation device. Using an optical disc player to illustrate the concept, after the disc is inserted into the drive, playback begins with the launch of the auto-run program. The auto-run program consequently interprets the content of its target files as proper audio/video out.
Aside from providing an upward migration path, the invention also gives content providers an independent way to implement control processes within the playback routine. These control processes may include copy protection algorithms, for example. In one embodiment, active agent programs are embedded in the media and the auto-run playback program interacts with these agent programs to alter the way media playback proceeds. The active agent program can thus interact with the auto-run playback program to implement a copy protection scheme.
Unlike conventional copy protection schemes, the active agent program can be uniquely developed to work with the auto-run program, as both are supplied on the same media when the media is installed in the player.
For a more complete understanding of the invention, its objects and advantages, refer to the following description and to the accompanying drawings.
Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limited the scope of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a software block diagram of a presently-preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a hardware block diagram illustrating the invention in an optical disc player implementation;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the logical process implemented by the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Referring to FIG. 1, a software-level description of a presently-preferred embodiment will first be described. The illustrated embodiment features Media 10 and 12, in the form of optical disc media. As will be appreciated from the following description, however, the invention is not limited to optical disc media. Rather, the techniques of the invention can be used with any machine-readable vehicle for delivery of audio/video or multimedia content. Thus, the invention may also be used with flash RAM media and other solid state media, as well as other types of disc and tape media. Moreover, the invention can also be implemented using media delivery vehicles embedded in carrier waves for propagation across computer networks, such as the Internet.
In FIG. 1, Media 10 is intended to illustrate a conventional, “legacy” media, such as a DVD video disc or CD audio disc. Thus, Media 10 has an inner portion 14 containing the disc format information and an outer portion 16 containing the media content. Media 12 is illustrated here to show how the illustrated implementation is able to handle legacy discs that have not been encoded in accordance with the invention.
Media 12 has been encoded according to the principals of the invention. Thus, it includes an inner portion 18 that contains not only the disc format information but also any hybrid information needed by the auto-run playback program in order to boot. In FIG. 1 the hybrid data and disc format information has been diagrammatically represented at 20.
Within the inner portion 18, or elsewhere on the disc, the auto-run playback program 22 is stored. The auto-run playback program loads itself into the memory space of the operating system virtual machine, as will be discussed below. If desired, copy protection and other control implementation data 24 may also be stored on disc 12, along with optional active agent target files 26. These will be discussed more fully below.
The media player employs an operating system 28 which provides basic low level support for hardware devices such as the disc drive into which the disc 12 (or disc 10) is placed. The operating system provides support routines that control the production of audio and video output 30, user interface support 32 and the virtual machine 34. The virtual machine may be implemented using Java technology or other suitable technologies for providing a controlled environment within which to execute the auto-run playback program 22. For example, the virtual machine could be implemented as a program interpreter, in which case the auto-run playback program would represent data to be executed by that interpreter.
The auto-run program is loaded from disc 12 when the disc is first installed in the media player. It then begins execution within virtual machine 34, making use of the audio/video output module 30, user interface module 32 and other services of the underlying operating system 28, as required. The auto-run playback program thus installs itself into the player and then operates upon the media content 16 stored elsewhere on the disc.
To support backward compatibility, in the event an auto-run playback program is not found on the disc (which is the case with disc 10), the virtual machine module 34 includes a legacy media program 36 that then runs within the virtual machine instead of the auto-run playback program. The legacy media program thus provides support for conventional discs, such as conventional DVD discs and CD audio discs.
One hardware embodiment of a disc player in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 at 50. The player includes a disc drive 52 with associated drive controller 54. A processor 56 has associated RAM memory 58 and operating system memory 60, in the form of ROM or firmware. The remote control interface circuitry 61 and audio/video output circuitry 62 are connected to processor 56. The processor is thus connected to obtain information from a disc inserted in drive 52 and processed that information in accordance with the programs stored the operating system memory or firmware 60, further using the auto-run program after it has been loaded into RAM 58. Media content read from the disc is then output to the audio/video output circuitry 62 for playback on a connected playback system 70.
If desired, disc drive 52 can be, itself, a programmable drive that is capable of assuming different operating configurations based on pre-programmed instructions. Thus, drive 52 may include firmware memory into which configuration settings may be loaded. These settings are then used when the drive performs its data access operations. If desired, the firmware used to configure drive 52 can be implemented as part of the drive controller 54.
FIG. 3 illustrates how the media player 50 of FIG. 2 is utilized in accordance with the invention. At step 80 a disc is inserted into drive 52. Then, depending on whether the drive is configurable, as discussed above, an optional next step is performed at 82. In this step, the drive configuration is adapted to the current disc format based on format information 20 (FIG. 1) stored on the disc. Then, at step 84, the auto-run playback program is launched in the virtual machine 34 (1). If there is a control data file included as part of the copy protection and control implementation information 24 (FIG. 1), that information is then read at step 86. Finally, the media content 16 (FIG. 1) is read and played back using any optional embedded active agents, as illustrated at 88.
From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the invention may be used to provide a universal optical disc player that can provide unlimited compatibility at the application level. Essentially any application level program can be included as part of the auto-run playback program, creating a virtually unlimited migration path for new consumer electronic products. The invention also advantageously allows content providers to implement their own copy protection strategies on media being distributed. The invention thus frees the player manufacturers and content providers from their interdependence at the application level, while facilitating easy operation for consumers.
Although the illustrated embodiment has taken the form of an optical disc player, the principles of the invention can readily be extended to other types of players. For example, the techniques may be employed in players utilizing flash RAM memory and other solid state memory devices. These solid state memory devices are becoming quite popular in portable consumer audio products and are anticipated to become popular with video products and multimedia products in the future.
The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. A universal optical disc player, comprising:
a disc drive with associated drive controller;
a processor coupled to said drive controller;
signal processing circuitry coupled to said processor and having an output port for coupling to a media presentation device;
a memory coupled to said processor and having a data structure defined therein;
said data structure comprising a virtual machine for hosting an auto-run playback program obtained from an optical disc placed in said disc drive;
the auto-run playback program being operable to provide control instructions to said processor to cause said processor to access content from the optical disc and supply the content to said signal processing circuitry for output to the media presentation device; and
the content including copy protection data and the auto-run playback program being operable to read the copy protection data to effect copy protection.

2. A method of distributing content, said method comprising:
placing an auto-run playback program on a machine-readable vehicle that contains the content;
supplying said machine-readable vehicle to a playback system;
loading said auto-run playback program into said playback system in response to said supplying step;
hosting the auto-run playback program obtained from the machine-readable vehicle by a virtual machine included in said playback system;
using said loaded auto-run playback program to access and supply said content to a media presentation device coupled to said playback system; and
reading copy protection data included in the content by the auto-run playback program to effect copy protection.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said machine-readable vehicle is an optical disc.

4. A playback system for playing back content, said system comprising:
a machine-readable vehicle containing an auto-run playback program and the content;
a drive with associated drive controller;
a processor coupled to said drive controller;
signal processing circuitry coupled to said processor and having an output port for coupling to a media presentation device; and
a memory coupled to said processor and having a data structure defined there;
said data structure comprising a virtual machine for hosting an auto-run playback program obtained from said machine-readable vehicle placed in said drive;
said auto-run playback program being operable to provide control instructions to said processor to cause said processor to access content from said machine-readable vehicle and supply the content to said signal processing circuitry for output to the media presentation device; and
said content including copy protection data and the auto-run playback program being operable to read the copy protection data to effect copy protection.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein:
said machine-readable vehicle is an optical disc.

6. A program embodied on a computer readable medium for use in a media content player, said program comprising:
computer-executable program code operable to cause the media content player to:
load an auto-run playback program from a machine-readable vehicle being supplied to the media content player;
host the auto-run playback program obtained from the machine-readable vehicle by a virtual machine included in the media content player;
use said loaded auto-run playback program to access content from the machine-readable vehicle and supply the content to a media presentation device coupled to the media content player; and
read copy protection data included in the content by the auto-run playback program to effect copy protection.

7. The program of claim 6 wherein
the machine-readable vehicle is an optical disc.

8. A device for use in a media content player, said device comprising:
a processor operable to cause the media content player to:
load an auto-run playback program from a machine-readable vehicle into the media content player in response to the machine-readable vehicle being supplied to the media content player;
host the auto-run playback program obtained from the machine-readable vehicle by a virtual machine included in the media content player;
use the loaded auto-run playback program to access content from the machine-readable vehicle and supply the content to a media presentation device coupled to the media content player; and
read copy protection data included in the content by the auto-run playback program to effect copy protection.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein
the machine-readable vehicle is an optical disc.