IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

No. COA23-550

Filed 19 March 2024

Cleveland County, Nos. 19CRS1723 19CRS54337-38

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,

v.

DAVID ASHLEY BIVINS

Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 23 March 2021 by Judge 

Gregory R. Hayes in Cleveland County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of 

Appeals 21 February 2024.

Attorney General Joshua H. Stein, by Assistant Attorney General, Kerry M. 

Boehm, for the State.

Michelle Abbott, for the defendant-appellant.

TYSON, Judge.

David Ashley Bivins (“Defendant”) appeals from judgment entered upon a

jury’s verdicts for Selling or Delivering a Schedule II Controlled Substance and 

Felonious Possession with Intent to Sell or Deliver Methamphetamine. The judgment 

he appeals from was also entered pursuant to a plea agreement for Felonious 

Possession with Intent to Sell or Deliver Methamphetamine, Selling or Delivering a 

Schedule II Controlled Substance, and to attaining Habitual Felon Status. We

discern no error at trial or in the plea agreement, but vacate the judgment and 
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remand for the trial court to correct a State-conceded sentencing error.

I. Background

Cleveland County Sheriff’s Office Narcotics Division and a confidential 

informant participated in a controlled buy of methamphetamine on 20 July 2019 and 

again on 8 August 2019. The confidential informant had previously worked with 

Narcotic Division deputies and participated in multiple controlled buys of drugs.

Narcotic Division deputies met with the informant prior to the buy, searched his 

person for contraband, provided him with $200 in marked currency, and equipped 

him with a cell phone capable of recording the interaction.

The confidential informant traveled to a local motel, while being surveilled 

from the neighboring Bojangles restaurant parking lot, and purchased 1.95 grams of 

methamphetamine from Defendant. Following the buy, the confidential informant 

“turned over the meth” to the Narcotic Division lead deputy. The lead deputy

debriefed with the confidential informant to confirm the details of the buy, searched 

his person and his vehicle to ensure the integrity of the controlled buy, and then 

released the informant. The lead deputy entered the sealed bag of suspected 

methamphetamine into the Sheriff’s Office secured evidence locker and submitted it 

for laboratory analysis.

On 23 March 2021, a jury convicted Defendant of one count of Possession with 

Intent to Sell or Deliver Methamphetamine and one count of Selling or Delivering a 

Schedule II Controlled Substance. After the jury’s verdict, but prior to sentencing,
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Defendant also entered into a plea arrangement with the State. Defendant pleaded 

guilty to having attained Habitual Felon Status, along with one additional count of 

Possession with Intent to Sell or Deliver Methamphetamine and one additional count 

of Selling or Delivering a Schedule II Controlled Substance pursuant to a plea 

agreement, which stemmed from a second controlled buy by the same confidential 

informant from Defendant on 8 August 2019.

At the sentencing hearing held on 23 March 2021, the State submitted a Prior 

Record Level Worksheet (“PRL Worksheet”) and copies of records of the Defendant’s 

prior convictions to support the worksheet. The PRL Worksheet submitted by the 

State assigned a total of sixteen points to Defendant, based upon seven prior 

misdemeanor convictions, three prior felony convictions, and for Defendant being on 

probation at the time of the offense.

Defendant stipulated to his prior record level and signed the PRL Worksheet. 

His four substantive convictions were consolidated for sentencing. Defendant was

sentenced as a level V offender to 127 to 165 months of active imprisonment.

Defendant filed a petition for writ of certiorari on 6 September 2022, seeking a

belated appeal after failure to enter timely notice of appeal. This Court granted 

Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari on 26 October 2022.

II. Jurisdiction

This Court possesses jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1444(5)

(2023) and N.C. R. App. P. 21(a)(1).
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III. Issues

Defendant challenges his sentence of 127 to 165 months imprisonment for two 

counts of Selling or Delivering a Schedule II Controlled Substance, two counts of 

Felonious Possession with Intent to Sell or Deliver Methamphetamine, and attaining 

Habitual Felon Status. Defendant argues the trial court erred by sentencing him at 

an inflated prior record level. The State concedes this error. 

IV. Sentencing Error

A. Standard of Review

Sentencing errors are preserved for appellate review “even though no objection, 

exception, or motion has been made in the trial division.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A1446(d)(18) (2023). Although a defendant may stipulate to “the existence of [his or 

her] prior convictions, which may be used to determine the defendant’s prior record 

level for sentencing purposes, the trial court’s assignment of defendant’s prior record 

level is a question of law.” State v. Gardner, 225 N.C. App. 161, 167, 736 S.E.2d 826, 

830-31 (2013) (citation omitted). “The determination of an offender’s prior record 

level is a conclusion of law that is subject to de novo review on appeal.” State v. Bohler, 

198 N.C. App. 631, 633, 681 S.E.2d 801, 804 (2009) (citing State v. Fraley, 182 N.C. 

App. 683, 691, 643 S.E.2d 39, 44 (2007)). 

B. Analysis

Our General Statutes provide: “The prior record level of a felony offender is 

determined by calculating the sum of the points assigned to each of the offender’s
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prior convictions . . . .” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(a) (2023). A prior record level 

is determined by counting eligible points for prior convictions the State has proven. 

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b), (f). Generally, only non-traffic Class A1 and Class 

1 misdemeanor offenses count. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b). Convictions of 

Class 2 and Class 3 misdemeanors do not count. See id.

One point is assigned for misdemeanor convictions, and a misdemeanor is 

“defined as any Class A1 and Class 1 nontraffic misdemeanor offense.” N.C. Gen. 

Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(5). The following misdemeanor offenses also receive one prior 

record point: (1) Impaired Driving, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.1 (2023); (2)

Impaired Driving in a Commercial Vehicle, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.2;

and, (3) Death by Vehicle, pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-141.4(a2). N.C. Gen. Stat. 

§ 15A-1340.14(b)(5).

The points assigned for prior felony convictions include two points for Class H 

or I Felony convictions, and four points for Class G Felony convictions. N.C. Gen. 

Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(3)-(4). Prior felony convictions used to establish whether a 

person has attained habitual felon status do not also count in determining a prior 

record level. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-7.6 (2023).

When multiple convictions are entered in the same superior court session in 

the same calendar week, only the conviction carrying the most points is assessed. 

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(d). If a prior offender is convicted of more than one 

offense in a single session of district court, only one of the convictions is used. Id.
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The relevant statutes “do not prohibit the court from using one conviction 

obtained in a single calendar week to establish habitual felon status and using 

another separate conviction obtained in the same week to determine prior record 

level.” State v. Truesdale, 123 N.C. App. 639, 642, 473 S.E.2d 670, 672 (1996).

An offender with ten to thirteen points shall be sentenced as a prior record 

level IV, and an offender with fourteen to seventeen points shall be sentenced as a 

prior record level V. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(c). 

On appeal, Defendant points out several purported errors in the trial court’s 

sentencing. First, a clerical discrepancy exists between the PRL Worksheet and the 

structured sentencing document. The PRL Worksheet states Defendant had sixteen 

prior record level points, while the structured sentencing document listed fifteen prior 

record level points. Regardless of the variance in points between the two documents, 

the trial court sentenced Defendant as a level V offender.

Second, Defendant asserts, and the State concedes, he was erroneously 

assessed with four additional points to increase his prior record level from IV to V. 

The PRL Worksheet shows seven points for prior misdemeanors, eight points for prior 

felonies, and one point for committing the current offense while on probation, which 

totals sixteen points. 

Defendant has accumulated seventeen prior misdemeanor convictions over a 

ten-year period. Four of Defendant’s misdemeanor convictions are for traffic-related 

offenses, which are not included in the prior record level calculation per N.C. Gen. 
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Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(5). Four of Defendant’s misdemeanor convictions are for Class 

2 or 3 offenses, and those convictions are also excluded in the prior record level 

calculation. Id. Four of Defendant’s misdemeanor convictions were entered on the 

same date as an offense with a higher point total. The higher-point total conviction 

is the only conviction properly included in Defendant’s point total calculation

pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(d). In accordance with the statutes’

disregard and exclusion of certain convictions, Defendant’s PRL Worksheet should 

include a total of five points for five countable misdemeanors under N.C. Gen. Stat. 

§ 15A-1340.14(b)(5).

Defendant also has six prior felony convictions, in addition to the four felony 

convictions before us on appeal. Here, three of those six prior convictions were used 

to establish the indictment that Defendant had attained habitual felon status, and 

two felonies occurred on the same day, leaving only two felonies to be assessed in the 

PRL Worksheet calculation. See Truesdale, 123 N.C. App. at 642, 473 S.E.2d at 672;

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(d). 

One of these is a Class I felony, properly assessed at two points. N.C. Gen. 

Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(4). The other was a Class G felony to be assigned four points.

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(3). Under the current statutes, Defendant’s PRL 

Worksheet should include a total of six points based upon the two qualifying felony 

convictions, and not those otherwise used to support the habitual felon indictment or 

occurring on the same court session.
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N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(7) provides that one additional point should 

be assigned “if the offense was committed while the offender was on supervised or 

unsupervised probation, parole, or post-release supervision . . . .” In this case, the 

Defendant stipulated to the fact that he was on probation for prior offenses at the 

time of the current offenses, which supports the addition of one point to be included 

in his PRL Worksheet calculation. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(7).

Additionally, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(6) provides one additional prior 

record level point may be assigned “[i]f all the elements of the present offense are 

included in any prior offense for which the offender was convicted, whether or not the 

prior offense or offenses were used in determining prior record level, 1 point.” On 

appeal, the State argues Defendant should have been assessed one additional point 

because all elements of the present offense for Selling or Delivering a Schedule II 

Controlled Substance are included in Defendant’s prior offense on 6 April 2016 for 

Selling or Delivering a Schedule II Controlled substance conviction. On remand for 

resentencing, the trial court should assess whether one additional point should be 

added pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(6).

Under the current statutes, Defendant’s prior record level should have been 

assessed as at least twelve points: five for misdemeanors, six for felonies, and one 

additional point for being on probation at the time of the offense. Depending on the 

trial court’s assessment of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1340.14(b)(6), Defendant’s prior 

record level potentially could be assessed as thirteen total points. N.C. Gen. Stat. 
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§ 15A-1340.14. Regardless of whether the trial court assesses Defendant’s prior 

record level as twelve or thirteen total points to support a prior record level IV, the 

trial court erred when sentencing Defendant by assigning three additional prior 

record level points to achieve a prior record level V. The State concedes this error.

V. Conclusion

Defendant received a fair trial, free from prejudicial errors he preserved or 

argued on appeal. His waivers of trial and guilty pleas to other crimes under the plea 

agreement are not challenged as not knowingly and intelligently entered.

After using three prior felony convictions to support his habitual felon 

indictment and excluding non-qualifying prior convictions, Defendant should have 

been sentenced within the presumptive range, per the plea agreement, as a prior 

record level IV offender with twelve or thirteen prior record level points. The trial 

court’s judgments are vacated, and we remand for re-sentencing based on the

conceded proper prior record level. It is so ordered.

NO ERROR AT TRIAL; JUDGMENT VACATED AND REMANDED FOR 

RESENTENCING.

Judges MURPHY and WOOD concur.