# Patent

## Title
Ignition wire having low resistance and high inductance

## Abstract

A high voltage ignition wire (10) has a ferrite core, a coiled wire (14) surrounding the core, and an insulating sheath surrounding the coiled wire. The coiled wire (14) is made from theoretically pure copper having a strand diameter of 0.081-0.099 inches. The coiled wire (14) is wound around the core between 140 and 160 turns per inch. The specific construction of this high voltage ignition wire (10) achieves an advantageous resistance of 13.5-16.5 ohms/ft.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional application entitled IGNITION WIRE HAVING LOW RESISTANCE AND HIGH INDUCTANCE having Ser. No. 60/718,391 and filed on Sep. 19, 2005.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to ignition wires used with ignition systems and other devices to conduct high voltage pulses, such as those provided to spark plugs and other discharge devices. More specifically, the invention relates to ignition wire having a ferrite core, a coiled wire around the core and an outer insulating sheath.
2. Related Art
Vehicle ignition systems and other devices which utilize an internal combustion engine, or which utilize high voltage pulses to ignite a fuel, commonly require an ignition wire for conducting the high voltage pulses from a voltage source to the intended device, such as from an ignition coil to a spark plug. This ignition wire can include a ferrite core, a coiled wire wound around the core, and an outer insulating sheath surrounding the entire ignition wire.
Several variables can affect the performance of such an ignition wire, including the material compositions of the different components, the relative diameters of the different components, and the number of turns that the coiled wire is wound around the core, to name but a few. Although numerous attempts have been made to optimize various characteristics of the operating performance of such ignition wires for various applications, there still remains a need to improve certain aspects of this performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One aspect of the invention is a high voltage ignition wire having a ferrite core, a coiled wire surrounding the core, and an insulating sheath surrounding both the core and the wire, where the high voltage ignition wire exhibits a resistance of 13.5-16.5 ohms/ft.
According to another aspect of this invention, there is provided an ignition wire having a ferrite core, a coiled wire surrounding the core, and an insulating sheath surrounding both the core and the wire, where the coiled wire has a diameter of 0.081-0.099 inches, 140-160 turns per inch, and is comprised of theoretically pure copper.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated when considered in connection with the following detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective cutaway view of an embodiment of the ignition wire of this invention showing the various constituent layers of the wire, and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the high voltage ignition wire of FIG. 1.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an ignition wire 10 which is capable of transmitting high voltage ignition pulses, including pulses of greater than 50,000 volts. Although the illustrated embodiment is directed to an ignition wire for vehicle engines and various non-vehicular engines, other embodiments of this invention can be used to supply electrical current to industrial igniters used in applications such as furnaces, dryers, or boilers, or to supply electrical current in aircraft ignition systems or any other application that requires delivery of a high voltage ignition pulse.
Ignition wire 10 exhibits a high inductance and a low resistance, and may be used to transmit high voltage ignition pulses from a vehicle ignition system to a spark plug. The high inductance of the ignition wire reduces the amount of radio frequency interference (RFI) emitted, while its low electrical resistance reduces energy losses experienced during transmission of the voltage pulses. Ignition wire 10 can be provided in a variety of sizes and generally includes an elongated ferrite core 12, a coaxially wound coiled wire 14, and an insulating sheath 16.
Ferrite core 12 increases the electromagnetic inductance of ignition wire 10 such that the amount of RFI produced by the wire during the transmission of high voltage pulses is reduced. The ferrite core 12 is an elongated, wire-shaped component that extends along the longitudinal axis of ignition wire 10, and preferably includes a base yarn in the center surrounded by a core coating. According to a preferred embodiment, the base yarn is made of braided or woven fiberglass. The base yarn has a diameter of about 0.052 inches (±10%). The core coating is preferably made from a ferrite slurry having a high magnetic permeability that helps to increase the inductance of the ignition wire, and is applied to and infiltrates the base yarn such that ferrite core 12 has an overall diameter of about 0.080 inches (±10%). As an example, the ferrite core coating can include, by weight, about 5.0-8.4% carbon, 31.7-37.8% oxygen, 1.5-1.7% copper, 0.6-0.8% aluminum, 0.1-0.2% sulfur, 7.0-11.6% zinc, 2.4-3.3% nickel, and the balance iron and minor amounts of impurities. A suitable ferrite core 12 is sold by Jelliff Corporation, LGM Division (www.jelliff.com).
Coiled wire 14 conducts the high voltage ignition pulses carried by ignition wire 10, and is wound around ferrite core 12 such that the two components are generally coaxial. According to a preferred embodiment, coiled wire 14 has the following physical, compositional and configuration characteristics. Firstly, coiled wire 14 is preferably made of EPT (substantially pure) copper. Secondly, the coiled wire 14 is a helical-shaped element that is coaxially wound around ferrite core 12 such that it generally surrounds the core along its length. According to a preferred embodiment, coiled wire 14 includes 140 to 160 coils or turns/inch. Third, the coiled wire 14 is comprised of wire that has a diameter of about 0.005 inches (i.e., 36 gauge).
The design of ignition wire 10, including at least one or more of the three characteristics described above, give the ignition wire a combination of advantageous attributes; namely, low electrical resistance and high electromagnetic inductance. A conductive coating (not shown), which has little or no effect on the resistance of coiled wire 14 yet holds the coiled wire in place, is disposed over top of the coiled wire. A suitable conductive coating is Durabond WC2193 made by Key Polymer (www.keypolymer.com), but other types of conductive coatings could be used, such as a conductive latex material with graphite. A release agent is then disposed over the conductive coating to allow separation between the conductive coating and insulating sheath 16 in the event that an end of the insulating sheath 16 of ignition wire 10 needs to be stripped. A suitable release agent is Lubrodal EC 1145 sold by Fuchs Lubricants Co. of Harvey, Ill., a colloidal graphite which can be mixed with an emulsion like Down Corning HV-490 Emulsion. A suitable mixing ratio is 5 gallons Lubrodal to 300 ml Emulsion.
Insulating sheath 16 surrounds, protects and insulates ferrite core 12 and coiled wire 14 from the outside environment. The sheath preferably includes an insulation layer 20, a braiding layer 22, and a jacket 24. In an optional embodiment, the sheath may also include a coating layer 26. All of these layers, when present, are generally coaxial with each other and extend along the longitudinal axis of ignition wire 10. Insulation layer 20 is the radially-innermost layer of sheath 16 and provides a semi-conductive insulating layer that surrounds and protects ferrite core 12 and coiled wire 14. The insulation layer can be made of a silicon or a silicon-containing substrate, but could alternatively be made of other insulating thermoplastic polymer materials known to those skilled in the art. Surrounding the insulation layer is braiding layer 22, which gives the ignition wire tensile strength. It is preferably made of a natural glass fiber yarn with a standard basket weave of 8.5 P.P.I., but other fibers and weaves can of course be used. Jacket layer 24 is disposed over and surrounds braiding layer 22 such that it protects ignition wire 10 against tearing, abrasion and heat. An example of an appropriate jacket layer material is a silicon compound with a peak operating temperature that is greater than 600° Fahrenheit, but other jacket materials can also be used. Furthermore, the jacket layer's outer surface can be finished using a variety of techniques to get a desired exterior appearance. Lastly, the optional coating layer 26 may be applied over jacket layer 24 and further gives the wire a glossy and aesthetically pleasing outer surface appearance. The coating layer 26 could be about one micron thick and made of a transparent silicon-based coating.
During manufacture, ferrite core 12 is made by dipping the base yarn in the ferrite slurry which, when it dries, becomes the core coating. Coiled wire 14 is then wound around ferrite core 12 by a conventional winding process to produce coiled wire 14. Once wound, the coiled wire is coated with the conductive coating and the release agent. Turning now to insulating sheath 16, insulation layer 20 is first extruded over core 12 and coiled wire 14 by a conventional extruding process. Following this step, braiding layer 22 is then braided over insulation layer 20 according to a conventional braiding operation. Next, jacket 24 is extruded over braiding layer 22, also by a conventional extruding process. When included, the coating layer 26 is then chemically bonded to jacket 24 by a chemical grafting process. The chemical grafting process preferably results in covalent atomic bonds being established between the jacket 24 and coating layer 26 molecules.
This completes the general assembly of ignition wire 10, after which, the ignition wire is cut to a suitable length and an axial end (not shown) is stripped to reveal about 15 mm of exposed core 12 and coiled wire 14. This exposed wire is then folded back over insulating sheath 16 and stapled to hold it in place. An appropriate electrical terminal is attached to the stripped and stapled ignition wire end and a conventional boot is fitted over the terminal. The exact terminals and boots used will be dictated by the specific application. For instance, ignition wire ends adapted to connect to a spark plug will differ from those intended to connect to an ignition coil.
In use, ignition wire 10 transmits high voltage ignition pulses from a vehicle ignition system to a spark plug, and does so with a reduced amount of electrical resistance and an increased amount of electromagnetic inductance relative to that of many prior art ignition wires. The design of the ignition wire of this invention, and in particular the characteristics of ferrite core 12 and coiled wire 14 described above, cause ignition wire 10 to exhibit an electrical resistance that is preferably between 13.5 ohms/ft to 16.5 ohms/ft, and even more desirably about 15 ohms/ft. The combination of core diameter, ferrite composition, and turns per inch results in an inductance minimum of about 170 μH/ft
It will thus be apparent that there has been provided in accordance with the present invention an ignition wire which achieves the aims and advantages specified herein, particularly those pertaining to low electrical resistance and high electromagnetic inductance. It will of course be understood that the foregoing description is of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention and that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments shown. Various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art and all such variations and modifications are intended to come within the scope of the appended claims.
As used in this specification and appended claims, the terms “for example,” “for instance,” and “such as,” and the verbs “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and their other verb forms, when used in conjunction with a listing of one or more components or other items, are each to be construed as open-ended, meaning that the listing is not to be considered as excluding other, additional components or items. Other terms are to be construed using their broadest reasonable meaning unless they are used in a context that necessarily requires a different interpretation.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. The invention is defined by the claims.

## Claims

1. An ignition wire, comprising:
an elongated ferrite core;
a coiled wire surrounding said ferrite core, said coiled wire having a diameter of 0.081-0.099 inches; and
an insulating sheath surrounding said coiled wire;
wherein said ignition wire exhibits a resistance of 13.5-16.5 ohms/ft.

2. The ignition wire of claim 1, wherein said ignition wire exhibits a resistance of about 15 ohms/ft.

3. The ignition wire of claim 1, wherein said ferrite core has a high magnetic permeability that increases the inductance of said wire.

4. The ignition wire of claim 1, wherein said coiled wire includes 140-160 turns/inch.

5. The ignition wire of claim 1, wherein said coiled wire is substantially pure copper.

6. The ignition wire of claim 1, wherein said ferrite core includes an outer core coating that includes iron and 5.0-8.4% carbon, 31.7-37.8 oxygen, 1.5-1.7% copper, 0.6-0.8% aluminum, 0.1-0.2% sulfur, 7.0-11.6% zinc, and 2.4-3.3 nickel.

7. An ignition wire, comprising:
an elongated ferrite core exhibiting a high magnetic permeability;
a coiled wire surrounding said ferrite core, wherein said coiled wire (i) has a diameter that of 0.081-0.099 inches, (ii) includes 140-160 turns/inch, and (iii) comprises substantially pure copper; and
an insulating sheath surrounding said coiled wire;
wherein said ignition wire exhibits a resistance of 13.5-16.5 ohms/ft.

8. The ignition wire of claim 7, wherein said ignition wire exhibits a resistance of about 15 ohms/ft.

9. The ignition wire of claim 7, wherein said coiled wire has a diameter that is about 0.005 inches.

10. The ignition wire of claim 7, wherein said coiled wire includes about 150 turns/inch.

11. The ignition wire of claim 7, wherein said ferrite core includes an outer core coating that includes iron and 5.0-8.4% carbon, 31.7-37.8 oxygen, 1.5-1.7% copper, 0.6-0.8% aluminum, 0.1-0.2% sulfur, 7.0-11.6% zinc, and 2.4-3.3 nickel.

12. The ignition wire of claim 7, wherein said ferrite core includes a ferrite-based coating disposed over a fiberglass base yarn.