IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

No. 12-60380

Summary Calendar

MICHAEL JAMES GOINS,

Petitioner

v.

DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, US

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; LAKE CHARLES STEVEDORES,

INCORPORATED; PORTS INSURANCE COMPANY, INCORPORATED,

Respondents

Petition for Review of an Order

of the Benefits Review Board

BRB No. 11-477

Before KING, CLEMENT, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:*

Pro se petitioner Michael James Goins seeks review of an order of the

Benefits Review Board affirming an Administrative Law Judge’s Decision and

Order on Remand as to claims he brought under the Longshore and Harbor

Workers’ Compensation Act against two of his former employers, Lake Charles

Stevedores, Inc., and J.J. Flanagan Stevedores. Specifically, Goins appeals the

United States Court of Appeals

Fifth Circuit

F I L E D

March 12, 2013

Lyle W. Cayce

Clerk

* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not

be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.

R. 47.5.4.

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Board’s order as to the following issues: (1) consolidation of his claims; (2) his

request for attorney fees; (3) determination of his average weekly wage; (4) the

suspension of his benefits because he refused to undergo a medical evaluation;

(5) the finding that his psychological condition is not work-related; and (6) the

finding that respondents are not liable for further costs related to treatment for

his psychological condition. Respondents cross-appeal the Board’s affirmation of

the finding that Goins was permanently and totally disabled, and accordingly is

entitled to permanent and total disability benefits. For the following reasons, we

affirm the Board’s order in all respects.

I. BACKGROUND

Michael James Goins asserted claims for four separate accidents against

two of his former employers—Lake Charles Stevedores, Incorporated, and J.J.

Flanagan Stevedores—and their respective carriers (“Respondents”). After the

first three accidents, benefits were paid under the Longshore and Harbor

Workers’ Compensation Act (“LHWCA”), 33 U.S.C. §§ 901, et seq., and Goins

returned to work. Following the final incident on April 25, 2005, Goins stated

that he was no longer able to work due to pain. He sought compensation under

the LHWCA for injuries sustained to his back, right shoulder, and right hip, as

well as for “mental unrest,” which he claimed was due to all of the accidents.

Goins’s employer brought a timely challenge against his April 25, 2005

claim, and all of Goins’s claims were adjudicated at a formal hearing before an

Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) on January 20, 2007. On May 8, 2007, the

ALJ issued a Decision and Order awarding Goins temporary total disability

benefits for his four work-related injuries for the periods of January 17 through

February 28, 2001, August 14, 2001 through December 10, 2002, July 6 through

September 21, 2004, and from April 25, 2005 through July 5, 2006. The ALJ

noted that Goins resumed full-duty work after each of the four periods he was

injured without a loss of pay or residual impairment except for the final period;

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the ALJ found that Goins’s inability to work following the final period was due

solely to his non-work-related mental impairment. The ALJ also found that

Goins was entitled to, and Respondents liable for, all reasonable medical benefits

arising out of the April 25, 2005, work-related injuries pursuant to Section 7(a)

of the LHWCA, 33 U.S.C. § 904(a).

Goins sought modification of the ALJ’s Decision and Order under Section

22 of the LHWCA, 33 U.S.C. § 922. Respondents filed a motion to compel an

updated medical examination of Goins by Dr. James Perry. The ALJ issued a

Decision and Order on July 29, 2008 denying Goins’s request for modification

and suspending payment of compensation pursuant to Section 7(d)(4) of the

LHWCA, 33 U.S.C. § 907(d)(4), because of Goins’s unreasonable refusal to

undergo an examination by Dr. Perry.

Goins appealed to the Benefits Review Board (“Board”). On August 14,

2009, the Benefits Review Board (“Board”) reversed the ALJ’s finding that

Goins’s psychological condition is not work-related, as it found that no

psychiatrist gave an opinion to a reasonable degree of medical probability that

Goins’s mental condition was not caused or aggravated by his work-related

injuries. The Board also vacated the ALJ’s finding that Goins is not entitled to

temporary total disability benefits as a result of his April 25, 2005 injury, and

it remanded the case for further consideration of this issue. Finally, the Board

vacated the ALJ’s denial of Goins’s petition for modification.

On March 11, 2011, following a hearing on remand, the ALJ found that

Goins’s mental and physical problems had combined to prevent him from

performing any work as of the date of his last injury. Based on this finding, the

ALJ awarded Goins permanent total disability benefits for the period of April 25,

2005 through July 7, 2008, and entered a continuing award of permanent total

disability benefits to begin on December 1, 2009, based on an average weekly

wage of $389.70. The ALJ also found Respondents liable for medical benefits

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related to Goins’s visits to Dr. Bernauer for treatment for his mental condition

and physical injuries, related travel expenses, and a referral to a neurologist.

Acting pro se, Goins appealed the ALJ’s decision on remand, raising

various issues. Respondents cross-appealed. On March 21, 2012, the Board

affirmed the ALJ’s decision in all respects. In doing so, it held, as a matter of

law, and to clarify the ALJ’s decision, that Respondents are not liable for further

treatment of Goins’s psychological condition.

Again pro se, Goins seeks review of the Board’s Decision and Order

pursuant to 33 U.S.C. § 921(c). He asks us to reverse the Board’s affirmation of

the ALJ’s order regarding (1) consolidation of his claims, (2) his request for

attorney fees, (3) determination of his average weekly wage, (4) suspension of

benefits because of his refusal to undergo a medical evaluation, (5) the finding

that his psychological condition is not work-related, and (6) the finding that

Respondents are not liable for further costs of treating his psychological

condition. Respondents cross-appeal, seeking review of the Board’s affirmation

of the finding that Goins was permanently and totally disabled and therefore

entitled to permanent and total disability benefits.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review a Board decision for legal errors and adherence to the proper

standard of review, namely, “whether the ALJ’s findings of fact are supported

by substantial evidence and are consistent with the law.” Gulf Best Elec., Inc. v.

Methe, 396 F.3d 601, 603 (5th Cir. 2004). The Board must uphold the ALJ’s

factual findings if they are rational and supported by substantial evidence. 33

U.S.C. § 921(b)(3); Gulf Best, 396 F.3d at 603. Substantial evidence is “that

relevant evidence—more than a scintilla but less than a preponderance—that

would cause a reasonable person to accept the fact finding.” Coastal Prod. Servs.,

Inc. v. Hudson, 555 F.3d 426, 430 (5th Cir. 2009). As the factfinder, the ALJ is

exclusively entitled to assess the weight of the evidence and credibility of

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witnesses. Ceres Gulf, Inc. v. Dir., OWCP, 683 F.3d 225, 228 (5th Cir. 2012)

(citations omitted). We review the Board’s legal conclusions de novo. Tarver v.

Bo–Mac Contractors, Inc., 384 F.3d 180, 181 (5th Cir. 2004).

III. DISCUSSION

A. Goins’s Claims

We first consider whether Goins adequately raised any issues in his

petition for review. With limited exceptions, the Federal Rules of Appellate

Procedure “apply to the review or enforcement of an agency order.” Fed. R. App.

P. 20; see United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. FERC, 824 F.2d 417, 434 (5th Cir. 1987).

These rules require an appellant’s brief to contain “appellant’s contentions and

the reasons for them, with citations to the authorities and parts of the record on

which the appellant relies.” Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)(A). “Failure adequately to

brief an issue on appeal constitutes waiver of that argument.” Proctor & Gamble

Co. v. Amway Corp., 376 F.3d 496, 499 n.1 (5th Cir. 2004). “Although pro se

briefs are to be liberally construed, pro se litigants have no general immunity

from the rule that issues and arguments not briefed on appeal are abandoned.”

Geiger v. Jowers, 404 F.3d 371, 373 n.6 (5th Cir. 2005) (citations omitted); see

also United States v. Wilkes, 20 F.3d 651, 653 (5th Cir. 1994) (“[W]hile we

construe pro se pleadings liberally, pro se litigants, like all other parties, must

abide by the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure.”).

The adequate briefing standard is a low hurdle, but Goins does not clear

it. His briefing lacks record citations, citations to relevant legal authority, an

intelligible application of the few authorities cited, or documentation—other

than the Board’s order and a letter stating facts not in dispute—indicating the

basis of his claims. When an appellant fails to provide “the reasons he deserves

the requested relief with citation to the authorities, statutes and parts of the

record relied on,” that failure constitutes waiver. Turner v. Quarterman, 481

F.3d 292, 295 n.1 (5th Cir. 2007) (citation and internal quotation marks

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omitted). Accordingly, we hold that Goins’s inadequate briefing waives his

challenges to the Board’s order.1

B. Respondents’ Cross-Appeal

In their cross-appeal, Respondents argue that the Board erroneously

affirmed the ALJ’s finding that Goins was permanently and totally disabled.

Specifically, Respondents contend that the ALJ erred in finding that Goins’s

non-work-related mental condition combined with his physical condition to

render him permanently and totally disabled under the Board’s aggravation

rule. Respondents argue that the permanent and total disability award was

neither rational nor supported by substantial evidence, and therefore should be

reversed. We disagree and affirm the Board’s order because the Board adhered

to the proper standard of review and did not err as a matter of law.

As the Board acknowledged, the ALJ found that Goins set forth a prima

facie case of total disability by showing that he is physically incapable of

returning to longshore employment. The Board further noted that the record

supports the ALJ’s determination of Goins’s disability status, as it shows by a

preponderance of the evidence that Goins’s physical and mental problems

combined to prevent him from working.

Respondents argue that the ALJ improperly awarded benefits to Goins

based upon its finding that his mental condition interacted with his physical

condition so as to render him totally disabled under the Board’s aggravation

rule. See Cairns v. Matson Terminals, Inc., 21 B.R.B.S. 252 (1988). However,

Respondents have not provided any legal authority to refute the positions,

1 However, even if we were to consider Goins’s claims, they would fail. Goins has not

pointed to, nor have we located, legal authorities suggesting that reversal would be proper

under de novo review. Goins has not in any discernable way argued that the Board failed to

adhere to its proper standard of review. And he has not argued, at least not in a way that we

can identify, that the ALJ lacked substantial evidence to render its decision. Moreover, we

have not found, independently of Goins’s briefing, any basis upon which the Board’s decision

should be overturned with respect to his claims on appeal.

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adopted by the ALJ and confirmed by the Board, that employers take their

employees as they find them, that Goins’s physical injuries combined with his

preexisting mental condition so as to render him permanently and totally

disabled, and thus, that Goins was entitled to permanent and total disability

benefits. See Ortco Contractors, Inc. v. Charpentier, 332 F.3d 283, 290 & n.16

(5th Cir. 2003) (citing Strachan Shipping Co. v. Nash, 782 F.2d 513, 517 (5th

Cir. 1986) (noting that when an employment injury worsens or combines with

a preexisting condition, the entire resultant condition is compensable)); see also

Wheatley v. Adler, 407 F.2d 307, 312 (D.C. Cir. 1968) (en banc) (same). Rather,

in support of their argument, Respondents appear to request that we reweigh

the evidence—including wage records and testimony—which we are not

permitted to do under the standard of review. Ceres Gulf, Inc., 683 F.3d at 228.

Because Respondents do not ground their argument on the alleged

misapplication of the aggravation rule in legal authority, and because their

argument ostensibly and impermissibly asks us to reweigh the evidence, we

affirm the Board’s order as to this issue.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the reasons stated, we AFFIRM the Board’s order in all respects.

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