INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0274 

Standard Review Draft 5/11/2011 

ENGINEER: Macek \ BCS 

PV (kg/yr): 1,000 

Revision Notes / Assessment Overview: 

The FOCUS ready draft version of the IRER has been revised 

to incorporate: 

 - additional review of information provided by the 

 submitter in the submission 

- supplemental information provided on May 5, 2011 

(Letter from Nicholas Caparco of Lockheed Martin to 

Jim Alwood and Greg Macek of the USEPA) and 

- information obtained through phone conversations 

between Nicholas Caparco and Greg Macek on May 4 and 

May 10, 2011. 

Key changes to the previous version of the engineering report 

include: 

1. Revision of the assessed Lifecycle of the PMN chemical 

to include the following 2 stages: 

 - Manufacturing and Processing at Lockheed Martin facility 

 - Incorporation into Article at Lockheed Martin facility 

 Note: The submitter indicated 100% site-limied use| | 

 2. Use of submitter's monitoring data for lead exposures 

 as a basis for estimating inhalation exposures. 

 3. Refinement of the media of release determinations for the 

 various release sources based on additional discussions 

 with the submitter 

4. Assessment of potential water release based on additional 

review and discussions with the submitter 

5. Addition of information on PPE use 

6. Included results of submitter's wastewater monitoring 

 7. Added NPDES# for the POTW that receives wastewater 

 from the Lockheed Martin facility. 

SUBMITTER: Lockheed Martin 

USE: Piezoelectric ceramics used for active and passive 

underwater acoustic systems. Consolidated Set: P-11-0270, 

 P-11-0271, P-11-0272, P-11-0273, and P-11-0274. 

OTHER USES: 

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MSDS: Yes Label: No 

Gen Eqpt: Safety glasses are recommended for protection 

against exposures to dusts. Full body clothing should be 

worn to prevent potential exposure to skin. Sufficient 

mechanical ventilation (general and/or local exhaust) 

shall be provided to| maintain exposures below 

permissible air concentrations. Protective gloves 

required. 

Respirator: A NIOSH approved respirator with P100 filters 

shall be worn when airborne exposures may exceed 

OSHA/ACGIH permissible air concentrations. 

Health Effects: ACUTE: May produce eye, skin and 

respiratory tract irritation, effects on the nervous 

system and kidneys, gastrointestinal distress and anemia. 

Common symptoms are a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, 

stomach cramps, constipation, anxiety, difficulty in 

sleeping, fatigue, moodiness, headache, joint or muscle 

aches and decreased sexual drive. Extreme overexposure 

may lead to tremors, convulsions, paralysis, stupor, coma 

and death. // CHRONIC: Children have enhanced absorption 

and retention of ingested lead and are particularly 

sensitive to the chronic effects of lead, with slowed 

cognitive| development and reduced growth. May produce 

effects on the blood, nervous and| immune systems, blood 

pressure, kidneys as well as skin and pulmonary| 

inflammatory tissue masses, rickets-like bone deformities, 

 decreased sperm count| and spontaneous abortion. Common 

symptoms are a loss of appetite, metallic taste in the 

mouth, anxiety, constipation, nausea, pallor, fatigue, 

weakness, insomnia,| headache, nervous irritability, 

muscle and joint pain or soreness, fine tremors,| 

numbness, dizziness, hyperactivity and abdominal pain. 

Maternal overexposure| may produce low birth weight, 

birth defects and slowed postnatal neurobehavioral| 

development in the offspring. Extreme overexposure may 

lead to vomiting,| drowsiness, stupor, poor memory, 

restlessness, irritability, tremor, convulsions,| coma 

and death. Muscular weakness may develop and progress to 

paralysis| observed as "wrist-drop" and/or "foot-drop". 

TLV/PEL: 

Calcium Cobalt Lead Strontium Titanium Tungsten Oxide 100 

% 0.05 mg/m3, 8 hr, as Pb TLV-TWA 

Calcium Cobalt Lead Strontium Titanium Tungsten Oxide 100 

% 0.05 mg/m3, 8 hr, as Pb PEL-TWA 

CRSS : 

Chemical Name: Lead niobium titanium zirconium oxide 

S-H20: 0.000001 g/L @ 

VP: 1.0E-6 torr @ 

MW: %<500 %<1000 

Physical State and Misc CRSS Info: 

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Neat: Solid Mfg: Solid Proc/Form: Solid: PMN material in 

aqueous slurry, then Solid: PMN material with or without 

binder End Use: Solid: PMN material formed into article. 

The molecular weight depends on the particle size. It is 

estimated that the molecular weight will be >100,000 

g/mol. Submitted Data: MP = 1350 °C (Sub. Est.); VP = 0 

torr; WS = 0.05 g/L or Non-detect; Density = 7.6-8.1 g/cc 

(Sub. Est.); Particle Size D50 = 1.3 μm. Estimated Data: 

VP < 0.000001 torr (Inorganic oxide); WS < 0.000001 g/L 

(Inorganic oxide). The submitter's water solubility seems 

too high to be credible. 

Consumer Use: No 

SAT (concerns) (04/11/2011): 

Related Cases and Related Cases and Misc SAT Info: 

Ecotox Related Cases: Analogs: 

 // Health:

Migration to groundwater: Negligible 

PBT rating: P3B2T3 . 

Health: 3 Dermal, Drinking Water, Inhalation 

Eco: 3 Water (All releases to water with a CC = 8.00 ppb) 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE RATING: 1-2A 

NOTES & KEY ASSUMPTIONS: 

Generated by the 06/07/2005 version of ChemSTEER. The PMN 

is manufactured domestically, therefore mfg, proc/use 

into piezoelectric ceramics are assessed. This PMN is 

part of a related set including P11-0270 through P11-0274. 

 All cases have the same manufacturing and proc/use and 

exhibit the same releases and exposures. Changes to the 

IRER may effect the assessment of the other 4 PMNs in the 

set. The PMN contains four elements of concern: lead, 

niobium, titanium, and zirconium. The PMN PB rating is 

P3B2; therefore, a full assessment is required. Releases 

are assessed to all media. Note, submission specifies 

several dust releases to stack air, which is controlled 

by a bag house. Cleaning releases are collected in a 

collection sump pit. The submission implies this pit may 

discharge or be further treated. Solids collected in the 

bag house from air emissions or from collected sump pit 

solids are sent off-site as hazardous waste every 3-5 

years. Therefore, releases presented in this IRER to air 

and water may occur regularly; whereas land and 

incineration releases are expected to collect over time 

and occur every 3-5 years. Dermal and inhalation 

exposures to solid have been assessed. 

 

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POLLUTION PREVENTION CONSIDERATIONS: 

None. 

EXPOSURE-BASED REVIEW: No 

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INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0274 

Manufacture and Processing at Lockheed Martin Facility 

Number of Sites/ Location: 1 

Lockheed Martin Liverpool NY 13088 

Days/yr: 40 

Basis: Submission specifies 40 bt/yr, 4 hr/bt, up to 25 

kg/bt for PV of 1,000 kg/yr. 

Process Description: MNFR: Scoop and weigh raw powder 

materials --> Charge to mixing tank, mix for 20 minutes 

(LVE formed in slurry) --> Empty slurry from mixing tank 

into drying pans --> Drying (PMN solid powder, 100%) --> 

Powder breaker or dry blender to break up powder --> 

Calcining at 700-900 degC --> Storage in 5-gal pails. 

(Submission) 

PROC: Scoop PMN from pails (solid, 100% PMN) --> charge 

to mixing tank with water and dispersants --> Pump mixed 

slurry into vibratory mill --> Pump milled slurry into 

drying oven --> storage in 5-gallon pails (solid PMN, 

assume 100%). 

ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

IRER Note: The daily releases listed for any source below 

may coincide with daily releases from the other sources 

to the same medium. 

Water 

Output 2: 1.0E-2 kg/site-day over 40 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Onendaga County Department of Water and Environment 

Protection (NPDES# NY0002101) 

from: Water releases from cleanup activities including 

facility floors 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission 

estimates release into POTW from the process of 0.01 

kg/bt from various cleanup activities. Submitter 

provided results of water sampling that was conducted 

form the facility. Samples were taken on 1/13/11. 

Results: Lead: <0.02 mg/L and 0.0019 mg/L. zirconium: 

<0.010 mg/L. 

Air 

Output 2: 1.1E-2 kg/site-day over 40 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Air 

from: Air emissions from baghouse 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission estimates 

0.6 kg/bt of dust emissions into baghouse filter 

(corresponds to a Loss fraction of 1.5%. CEB dust model 

estimates 0.5% release from solids transfer activities. 

Submitter indicated that the efficiency of the baghouse 

filter is 98.2% Calculation: 0.6 x (1-0.982) = 0.011 kg. 

Conservative: 5.0E-1 kg/site-day over 40 days/yr from 1 

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site 

or 2.0E+1 kg/yr 

to: 

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Solids from Process 

Vessels 

basis: EPA/OPPT Multiple Process Vessel Residual Model, 

Output 2: 5.9E-1 kg/site-day over 40 days/yr from 1 site 

or 2.4E+1 kg/yr 

to:

from: Disposal of baghouse filter 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Disposal of 

baghouse filters (with captured dust emissions). 

Calculation: 0.6 kg/bt x 0.982 = 0.59. 

RELEASE TOTAL 

4.4E+1 kg/yr - all sites 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

Tot. # of workers exposed via assessed routes: 

B

Inhalation: 

Submitter indicated that respirators (1/2 face respirator 

with P100 filter) are used whenever there is a potential 

for lead exposure by inhalation. 

Exposure to Particulate (Class I) 

Output 2: 2.6E-1 mg/day over 40 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); User-defined Inhalation Model. 

Submitter indicated in supplemental information that an 

industrial hygiene plan for the site is developed each 

january for the current year. Personal lead exposure is 

always included in the plan. The sampling plan involves 

analyzing personal lead exposure for each major process 

performed in the ceramic area. The plan is based on 

activity in the area. Recent sample results for the lead 

breakup process was 13 ug/m3. Recent average sample 

result for powder fabrication for 220 kg batch was 18 

ug/m3. OSHA Action level for lead is 30 ug/m3 and OSHA 

PEL for lead is 50 ug/m3. Although employees are not 

exposed above the action level for more than 30 days a 

year they still require lead levels to be measured every 

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6 months. Recent blood lead levels for two employees in 

the area were less than 3 mcg/d. The other employee's 

blood level was 9 mcg/d. CEB estimate is based on 19 

ug/m3 (conservatively assumed to be an 8-hr TWA exposure). 

 Chemistry report estimated that the PMN material is 68% 

lead oxide. Calculation: 18 ug/m3 (lead)/0.68 x 1.25 

m3/hr x 8 hr/day = 0.265 mg/day 

NOTE: The respirator class is: I. Particulate (including 

solid or liquid droplets). 

INHALATION MONITORING DATA REVIEW 

1) Uncertainty (estimate based on model, regulatory limit 

 or data not specific to industry): Yes 

2)a) Exposure level > 1 mg/day? No 

 OR 

 b) Hazard Rating for health of 2 or greater? 3 Yes 

Inhalation Monitoring Data Desired? Yes (both criteria 

met) 

Dermal: 

Submitter indicated that Tyvek suits and booties are 

required whenever an employee enters hte ceramic area. 

Nitrile gloves are used when working with powders. There 

are several activities when the PMN may be handled in 

liquid form. The submission indicates that the same PPE 

requirements would be in place as for solids (Tyvek suit 

and booties, and nitrile gloves). 

Exposure to Solid at 100.00% concentration 

High End: 3.1E+3 mg/day over 40 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 

Basis: Various activities (weighing, mixing and transfer 

of powder and slurries); EPA/OPPT Direct 2-Hand Dermal 

Contact with Solids Model. 

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INITIAL REVIEW ENGINEERING REPORT 

PMN: 11-0274 

Incorporation into Article at Lockheed Martin Facility 

Number of Sites/ Location: 1 

Lockheed Martin Liverpool NY 13088 

Days/yr: 80 

Basis: Submission specifies 100% site-limited use and 80 

days/yr for this stage. CEB estimates 12.5 kg/day. 

Process Description: Unload PMN powder from pails (solid 

powder, assume 100% PMN) --> pour into feed hopper of 

press --> powder pressed into ceramic articles in 

compaction presses (PMN part of an article) --> burnout 

and fire to remove binder --> finished article 

ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

IRER Note: The daily releases listed for any source below 

may coincide with daily releases from the other sources 

to the same medium. 

Water 

Output 2: 1.0E-2 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Onendaga County Department of Water and Environment 

Protection (NPDES # NY0002101) 

from: Water releases from cleanup activities including 

facility floors 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission estimates 

releases into POTW from the process of 0.01 kg/bt from 

various cleanup activities. See previous section for 

results of facility wastewater monitoring. 

Air 

Output 2: 2.0E-3 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

to: Air 

from: Air emissions from baghouse 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. Submission 

estimated 0.1 kg/bt during this stage of the process 

released into baghouse filter operating at 98.2% 

efficiency (Loss fraction of 0.8% compared to CEB dust 

emissions model of 0.5%). Calculation of release to air 

= 0.1 x (1-0.982) = 0.002 

Output 2: 9.8E-2 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 site 

or 7.9E+0 kg/yr 

to:

from: Disposal of baghouse filter 

basis: User-Defined Loss Rate Model. 

Calculation of release = 0.1 x 0.982 = 0.0982 

Conservative: 2.5E-1 kg/site-day over 80 days/yr from 1 

site 

or 2.0E+1 kg/yr 

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to:

from: Equipment Cleaning Losses of Solids from Process 

Vessels 

basis: EPA/OPPT Multiple Process Vessel Residual Model, 

RELEASE TOTAL 

2.9E+1 kg/yr - all sites 

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ESTIMATE SUMMARY 

Tot. # of workers exposed via assessed routes: 

Basis: 

Inhalation: 

Submitter indicated that respirators (1/2 face respirator 

with P100 filters) are used whenever there is a potential 

for lead exposure by inhalation 

Exposure to Particulate (Class I) 

Output 2: 2.6E-1 mg/day over 80 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with inhalation exposure: 

Basis: Various activites (weighing, mixing, and transfer 

of powder and slurries); User-defined Inhalation Model. 

See previous section on the use of submitter monitoring 

data to estimate inhalation exposure at submitter's site. 

NOTE: The respirator class is: I. Particulate (including 

solid or liquid droplets). 

INHALATION MONITORING DATA REVIEW 

1) Uncertainty (estimate based on model, regulatory limit 

 or data not specific to industry): Yes 

2)a) Exposure level > 1 mg/day? No 

 OR 

 b) Hazard Rating for health of 2 or greater? 3 Yes 

Inhalation Monitoring Data Desired? Yes (both criteria 

met) 

Dermal: 

Submitter indicated that Tyvek suits and booties are 

required whenever an employee enters the ceramic area. 

Nitrile gloves are used when working with powders. 

Exposure to Solid at 100.00% concentration 

High End: 3.1E+3 mg/day over 80 days/yr 

Number of workers (all sites) with dermal exposure: 

Basis: Various activites (weighing, mixing, and transfer 

of powder and slurries); EPA/OPPT Direct 2-Hand Dermal 

Contact with Solids Model. 

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