J

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NON

- PRECEDENTIAL DECISION

- SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

EDWARD FRANCIS GOSNER

Appellant :

:

:

:

:

:

:

:

: IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 625 EDA 2023

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered February 7, 2023 In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County

Criminal Division at CP

- 09

- CR

- 0000187

- 2020

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MURRAY, J., and SULLIVAN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED DECEMBER 5, 2023

Edward Francis Gosner (Appellant) appeals from the order denying his

first petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)

, 42

Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541

- 9546. We affirm.

On July 14, 2021, after a [non

- jury] trial, [the trial] c ourt found Appellant guilty of a ggravated a ssault, a ssault by p risoner,

s imple a ssault, and h arassment. Appellant was represented by Daniel Schatz, Esquire (hereinafter “ Trial Counsel ” ).

The facts underlying Appellant ’ s convictions stem from an

attack that occurred on October 13, 2019 [,] at the Bucks County Correctional Facility (hereinafter “ BCCF ” ). Appellant was in the restricted housing unit of BCCF when he assaulted another inmate, Michael Dozon (hereinafter “Victim”), after Appellant took

issue with Victim ’ s sexuality. N.T.

, 7/14/21, p. 69. Appellant

threatened to “ fuck [Victim] up, ” told him that “ faggots shouldn ’ t
live ” and “ it ’ s not right to be gay, ” and called [Victim] homophobi c slurs. Id. at 70

- 72. Appellant followed Victim as he retreated into a closet, forcing Victim to spray Appellant with a water hose so he could escape. Id. at 70. As Victim fled to the unit ’ s exit, Appellant attacked him from behind. Id. at 74, 24. As Victim laid curled up in a ball on the floor, Appellant punched and kneedJ

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Victim fifteen times and kicked him in the head. Id. at 25. Victim never returned the attack on Appellant. Over five correctional officers had to respond to the assault. Id. at 26. Correctional officers attempted to obtain medical treatment for Victim, but he

refused. Id. at 79. However, Victim testified that his cheek was swollen, he had bruises all over his body, and the pain in his head, chest, and back areas was so severe that he had to take pain

medication “ all of the time. ” Id.

Shortly after the attack, Appellant discovered that charges were filed against him for the assault. He threatened Victim to

“ drop the charges

... or [Appellant] would make [Victim ’ s] life a living hell. ” N.T.

, 7/14/21, p. 83. Victim received so many threats

that he became suicidal. Ultimately, Appellant asked Victim to write a letter on Appellant ’ s behalf that Appellant ’ s girlfriend could bring to the district court [,] to have the charges dismissed. Id.

at 89. Victim complied, had his cellmate write the letter with Appellant ’ s requested false statements, and then Victim signed

the letter. Id. at 92

- 95. On November 8, 2019, Appellant wrote a letter to his girlfriend with Victim ’ s letter attached. At the preliminary hearing, Appellant also told Victim “ please make the right decision, ” implying Victim should lie on the stand so that the

case would be dismissed. Id. at 97, 96.

After this c ourt found Appellant guilty of the charges, it deferred sentencing for 60 days. On September 10, 2021, this

c ourt imposed sentence of no less than seven years to no more than fifteen years of incarceration in a state correctional facility

on c ount 1, a ggravated a ssault [ . The court imposed] a sentence of no less than five years to no more than ten years in a state correctional facility on [Appellant’s conviction of]

... a ssault by

p risoner, to run concurrently to the sentence imposed on c ount 1. [With respect to Appellant’s remaining convictions, the trial court imposed no further punishment.] This c ourt also o rdered Appellant to pay the costs of prosecution as well as to undergo

mental hea [l] th and drug and alcohol treatment and complete an
anger management program.

PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/ 23

, at 1

- 3 ( footnote s o mitted

, some capitalization

and cit ations modified )

.J

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-

On September 20, 2021, Trial Counsel filed a post

- sentence motion

(PSM) on Appellant’s behalf

. Appellant claimed the trial court abused its

discretion in imposing an excessive sentence

. PSM, 9/20/21, ¶¶ 6, 7

( asserting the sentence was “well beyond the top of the aggravated range”

and “greater than necessary to meet the rehabilitative needs of [Appellant,]

as well as the need to protect the public.”). Pertinent ly, Appellant requested

the appointment of new counsel to file a PCRA petition raising Trial Counsel ’s

ineffectiveness

. Id. ¶¶ 8

- 11. Th e trial court denied Appellant’s PSM without

a hearing on September 29, 2021

. Appellant did not appeal.

On July 11, 2022, Appellant timely filed a pro se PCRA p etition.

Appellant claimed

, inter alia

, that Trial Counsel rendered ineffective assistance

when he ignored Appellant’s r epeated requests to file a n appeal. PCRA

Petition, 7/11/22 , at 4

. The PCRA court appointed Eric Alcon, Esquire (PCRA

Counsel ) to represent Appellant

. 1 PCRA C ounsel filed an a mended PCRA

petition on December 7, 2022

. In t he amended petition , Appellant raised

several c laim s of Trial Counsel ’s ineffective ness. See Amended PCRA Petition,

12/7/22, ¶¶ 5, 10

- 28

. Relevant to this appeal, Appellant claimed Trial Counsel

“failed to properly preserve in [ the PSM

, Appellant’s] challenge to the

discretionary aspects of the sentence.” Id. ¶ 10 (b). Appellant further argued

Trial Counsel

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

1 PCRA Counsel continues to represent Appellant o n appeal.J

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failed to properly preserve , and to file, [a direct] appeal to the Superior Court, challenging the discretionary aspects of the sentence and the sufficiency of the e vidence with respect to the charge of [a]ggravated [a]ssault

.

Id. ¶ 10( c ). In addition

, A ppellant asked the PCRA court to schedule an

evidentiary hearing to develop the record

. 2 Id. ¶¶ 29

- 30.

On January 10, 2023, the Commonwealth filed a n answer asserting that

each of Appellant’s claims of Trial Counsel’s ineffectiveness lacked merit

. See

Answer , 1/10/23, at 4

- 1 8. Seven days later, t he PCRA court issued

Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of intent to dismiss Appellant’s PCRA petition without

a hearing. The PCRA court stated it “is satisfied that the claims raised in [ the

petition] are without merit and do not warrant an evidentiary hearing.” Notice

of Intent to Dismiss, 1/17/ 23. Appellant did not r espon d

.

T he PCRA court denied Appellant’s PCRA petition on February 7, 2023.

This timely appeal followed. Appellant and the PCRA court have complied with

Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

Appellant presents three issues for review:

I. Did [ the] lower court err in denying []A ppellant’s claim, without a hearing, that T rial C ounsel was ineffective in that he failed to properly preserve in a post

- sentence motion [Appellant’s ] challenge to the discretionary aspects of the sentence[? ]

II. Did the lower court err in denying []Appellant’s claim, without a hearing, that T rial C ounsel failed to properly preserve, and to

file an appeal to the Superior Court, challenging the discretionary aspects of the sentence[?]

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

2 Appellant did not attach any affidavits to either his pro se PCRA petition or amended petition.J

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-

III. Did the lower court err in denying []Appellant’s claim, without a hearing, that T rial C ounsel failed to properly preserve, and to

file an appeal to the Superior Court, challenging the sufficiency

of the evidence with respect to the charge of aggravated

assault

- attempt to cause serious bodily injury[?]

Appellant’s Brief at vi (some capitalization modified)

.

Preliminarily, we discuss a defect in Appellant’s brief. In compliance

with our Rules of Appellate Procedure, Appellant sets forth separate

argument s for each of the issues presented in his s tatement of questions

involved. See id. at 15

- 21; see also Pa.R.A.P. 2119 (argument section of

appellate briefs). However, Appellant also argues an issue that does not

correspond with his statement. See Appellant’s Brief at 9

- 14 (claiming the

PCRA court erred in denying relief without an evidentiary hearing and

determining Appellant’s PCRA petition was defective for failure to include an

affidavit from Trial Counsel).

“ This Court will address only those issues properly presented and

developed in an appellant’s brief as required by our Rules of Appellate

Procedure, Pa.R.A.P. 2101

- 2119.” Commonwealth v. Phillips , 141 A.3d

512, 522 (Pa. Super. 2016). Issues not presented in the statement of

questions involved are generally deemed waived. Commonwealth v.

Garland , 63 A.3d 339, 342 (Pa. Super. 2013) (finding waiver of appellant’s

issue ) ( citing Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (“ No questions will be considered unless they

are stated in the statement of questions involved or are fairly suggested

thereby .”)). Accordingly, Appellant waived this issue. Id. ; see alsoJ

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Commonwealth v. Briggs , 12 A.3d 291, 343 (Pa. 2011) (“The briefing

requirements scrupulously delineated in our appellate rules are not mere

trifling matters of stylistic preference; rather, they represent a studied

determination by [the Supreme] Court and its rules committee of the most

efficacious manner by which appellate review may be conducted”). W e thus

proceed to the merits of Appellant’s preserved issues.

O ur standard of review of a PCRA court’s denial of relief is “ limited to

whether the court’s findings of fact are supported by the record, and whether

its conclusions of law are free from legal error. ” Commonwealth v. Small

,

238 A.3d 1267, 1280 (Pa. 2020). The scope of our review is limited to the

findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record, which we view in the

light most favorable to the party who prevailed in the PCRA court.

Commonwealth v. Hanible

, 30 A.3d 426, 438 (Pa. 2011).

With respect to evidentiary hearings, this Court has explained:

A PCRA petitioner is not automatically entitled to an evidentiary hearing. We review the PCRA court’s decision dismissing a petition without a hearing for an abuse of discretion. The right to an evidentiary hearing on a post

- conviction petition is not

absolute. It is within the PCRA court’s discretion to decline to hold

a hearing if the petitioner’s claim is patently frivolous and has no support either in the record or other evidence. It is the responsibility of the reviewing court on appeal to examine each

issue raised in the PCRA petition in light of the record

... to
determine if the PCRA court erred in its determination that there

were no genuine issues of material fact in controversy and in denying relief without conducting an evidentiary hearing.

Commonwealth v. Williams , 244 A.3d 1281, 1287 (Pa. Super. 2021)

(citations, brackets, and paragraph break omitted).J

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All of Appellant’s issues assail the effecti veness of Trial Counsel

.

Notably, counsel is presume d to be effective; a PCRA petitioner bears the

burden of proving otherwise. Commonwealth v. Brown

, 196 A.3d 130, 150

(Pa. 2018) ; see also Commonwealth v. Lesko , 15 A.3d 345, 380 (Pa. 2011)

(“When evaluating ineffectiveness claims, judicial scrutiny of counsel’s

performance must be highly deferential.” (citation and quotation marks

omitted)).

[A] PCRA petitioner will be granted relief only when he proves, by a preponderance of the evidence, that his conviction or sentence resulted from[, inter alia ,] the “ineffective assistance of counsel which, in the circumstances of the particular case, so undermined

the truth

- determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.”

Commonwealth v. Spotz , 84 A.3d 294, 311 (Pa. 2014) (quoting 42

Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2)(ii)).

T o establish a claim of ineffectiveness, a PCRA petitioner must plead and

prove:

(1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) no reasonable

basis existed for counsel’s action or failure to act; and (3) he

suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s error, with prejudice

measured by whether there is a reasonable probability the result

of the proceeding would have been different. Commonwealth v. Chmiel

, 30 A.3d 1111, 1127 (Pa. 2011) (employing ineffective

assistance of counsel test from Commonwealth v. Pierce

, 527

A.2d 973, 975

- 76 (Pa. 1987)).

... Additionally, counsel cannot be

deem ed ineffective for failing to raise a meritless claim. Finally,

because a PCRA petitioner must establish all the Pierce prongs to
be entitled to relief, we are not required to analyze the elements

of an ineffectiveness claim in any specific order; thus, if a claim

fails under any required element, we may dismiss the claim on that basis.J

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-

Commonwealth v. Treiber , 121 A.3d 435, 445 (Pa. 2015) (citations

modified)

.

In his first issu e , Appellant claims the PCRA court erred in denying relief

without an evidentiary hearing because Trial Counsel “ was ineffective in that

he failed to properly preserve in a [PSM

, Appellant’s] challenge to the

discretionary aspects of the sentence .” Appellant’s Brief at 15 (capitalization

modified) ; see also Commonwealth v. Gibbs , 981 A.2d 274, 282

- 83 (Pa.

Super. 2009) (“Issues challenging the discretionary aspects of a sentence

must be raised in a post

- sentence motion or by presenting the claim to the

trial court during the sentencing proceedings. Absent such efforts, an

objecti on to a discretionary aspect of a sentence is waived.”).

Appellant concedes Trial Counsel “did ask for a reconsideration of

sentence” in the PSM. Appellant’s Brief at 15 ; see also PSM, 9/20/21, ¶¶ 6,

7 (claiming Appellant’s sentence was “well beyond the top of the aggravated

range” and “greater than necessary to meet the rehabilitative needs of

[Appellant,] as well as the need to protect the public.”). N on etheless,

Appellant asserts that the discretionary sentencing claim in the PSM

does not raise a colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary to the fundamental no rm s which underlie the sentencing process. As such, even had [a direct] appeal been filed, as Appellant requested, [the Superior] Court would have likely found the [PSM] insufficient and determined that Appellant had waived his right to challenge the discretionary aspects of the sentence by failing to properly

preserve s ame in the post

- sentence motion.J

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-

Appellant’s Brief at 16.

The Commonwealth counters that the PCRA court properly reject ed this

claim because the PSM preserved Appellant’s discretionary sentencing

challenge:

The [PSM] argued A ppellant was sentenced beyond the aggravated range of the sentencing guidelines and that he believed his sentence to be “excessive and greater than necessary to meet the rehabilitative needs of Appellant as well as the need to protect the community.” [PSM, 9/20/21,] ¶¶ 6

- 7. Absent Appellant identifying some additional discretionary aspects of sentencing claim that he believed trial counsel shou ld have raised in his post

- sentence motion, trial counsel surely did preserve a reviewable sentencing claim for purposes of direct appeal, and the underlying claim here has no arguable merit.

Commonwealth Brief at 13 ( italics in original; some capitalization modified).

The PCRA court also opined that Appellant’s discretionary sentencing

c laim was “properly preserved” in the PSM

. PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/23, at

8. We agree. A s there is no arguable merit to Appellant’s underlying claim of

Trial Counsel’s ineffectiveness, the PCRA court did not err in denying relief.

In the alternative, t he PCRA court stated

even if Trial Counsel’s [PSM] was insufficient, Appellant has not established all three required prongs of the P ie rce test for ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically, Appellant has not, and cannot, establish prejudice because there is no reason to believe that a challenge to the discretionary aspects of sentence would have had merit on appeal.

PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/23, at 8. 3 Again, we agree.

_________________ __________ ______ ____ _______

3 The PCRA court also cited law applicable to discretionary aspects of sentencing claims

. See PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/23, at 8

- 10.J

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T he PCRA court

, which also presided at Appellant’s sentencing

,

explained:

[T] his c ourt set forth its reasons for the sentence on the

record. First, this c ourt considered Appellant ’ s prior criminal history and noted he had six prior convictions for assault

- related

behavior. N.T. 9/10/2021, p. 11. Second, this c ourt considered

the facts of the case

— that Appellant began h is attack from behind, leaving Victim unable to defend himself; that Appellant kneed and kicked Victim over a dozen times in the head despite Victim never attempting to fight back

— and determined that it was a “ very viole nt and unprovoked and vicious assault. ” Id. at 12. Third,

this c ourt considered Appellant ’ s lack of remorse and failure to accept responsibility for his actions. At sentencing, Appellant claimed to feel apologetic for his actions, yet interrupted this c ourt in the middle of the imposition of sentence to blame Victim for the assault and to again lie and state a debunked assertion that the

hose Victim used [ in self

- defense] was filled with anything other

than water. Id. at 12 [] ; N.T. 7/14/2021, p. 41.

Fourth, this c ourt considered Appellant ’ s inability to abide to authority as shown by his numerous misconducts in the [BCCF]

and his violations of this c ourt ’ s o rders to not contact victims. N.T. 9/10/2021, p. 13. Fifth, this c ourt considered the need to protect the community and noted that Appellant has repeatedly

demonstrated that he cannot control his anger and that he has even acknowledged this himself at times. Id. at 14. Lastly, this

c ourt considered Appellant’s need for rehabilitation. Although Appellant completed a few classes on anger management and

decision

- m aking, this c ourt found that those classes did not meet Appellant ’ s needs. Id. Appellant, time after time, chose not to take advantage of and follow the programs and treatment available to him in the community, in the county correctional facility, or in the state correctional facility. For these reasons, this

c ourt found that anything other than total confinement was inappropriate. Id.

As such, it is clear that this c ourt did not err when imposing sentence and properly exercised its discretion and, as such, any challenge on direct appeal would be meritless. Appellant ’ s claim to the contrary is wholly without merit and Appellant ’ s claim that

Trial Counsel was ineffective must fail.J

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PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/23 , at 10

- 11 (some capitalization modified). For

the above reasons, Appellant’s first issue lacks merit.

In hi s second and third issues

, Appellant presents related claims

.

Appellant asserts the PCRA court err ed in rejecting his contention that Trial

Counsel was ineffective for failing to file a requested direct appeal challenging

the sufficiency of the evidence and the discretionary aspects of his sentenc e

.

See Appellant’s Brief at 16

- 18, 19

- 21. According to Appellant, he

pled in both the pro se [PCRA] petition and the amended petition that he directed Trial Counsel to pursue an appeal challenging the sentence. There is nothing in the record that belies this claim.

Trial Counsel contends, through the Commonwealth’s answer [to Appellant’s amended PCRA petition], that [Trial Counsel] was not told to pursue an appeal of the sentence. Without a [n evidentiary hearing,] it is impossible for the PCRA court to make any determination as to whether Appellant ’ s claim, or T rial

C ounsel ’ s response, is credible.

Id. at 17 (some capitalization modified).

The Commonwealth counters that Appellant failed to meet his burden of

proving he asked Trial Counsel to file a direct appeal. See Commonwealth

Brief at 14

- 18. The Commonwealth argues:

Appellant makes passing references to alleged verbal and written

directives to [ Trial Counsel to] file an appeal on [Appellant’s]

behalf. However,

... [Appellant] failed to attach any exhibits to his petition demonstrating such written instructions. Moreover,
before [the Commonwealth filed] its answer [to the amended

PCRA petition

, PCRA Counsel ] spoke with [T] rial [C] ounsel [,] who

contested that Appellant ever instructed him to file a direct appeal. The Commonwealth relayed the same in its answer.J

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Id. at 16 ; but s ee also id. at 18 ( Commonwealth acknowledging “the

averments in its answer ... did not constitute ‘testimony’ or ‘ evidence.’” )

.

According to the Commonwealth , the

record

– even absent any additional testimony at [a PCRA evidentiary] hearing

– undermines any claim that Appellant asked [T]rial [C]ounsel to file and represent him on direct appeal while simultaneously expressing [Appellant’s] steadfast desire to immediately pursue PCRA claims alleging [ Trial C ounsel’s]

ineffectiveness.

Id. at 17. Upon review, w e agree.

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that where there is an

“unjustified failure to file a requested direct appeal,” counsel is per se

ineffective. Commonwealth v. Lantzy , 736 A.2d 564, 572 (Pa. 1999)

(footnote omitted). However, w hile “ counsel may be ineffective for failing to

file a direct appeal on his client’s behalf, a PCRA petitioner must prove that he

asked counsel to file an appeal in order to be entitled to

relief.” Commonwealth v. Maynard

, 900 A.2d 395, 397

- 98 (Pa. Super.

2006) (citation omitted). “Mere allegations will not suffice.” Commonwealth

v. Harmon , 738 A.2d 1023, 1024 (Pa. Super. 1999)

. Where a petitioner has

met his burden of proving he asked for a direct appeal, “no discussion of the

potential merit of any claims is necessary or warranted. ” Commonwealth v.

Markowitz , 32 A.3d 706, 715 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citing Lantzy , 736 A.2d at

572).

Instantly, a t the beginning of Appellant’s sentencing hearing, Trial

Counsel stated that Appellant had presented “one issue I think ought to beJ

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addressed prior to any argument.” N.T., 9/10/21, at 3 . Trial Counsel then

questioned Appellant as follows:

[TRIAL COUNSEL]: I received a letter [from Appellant]

... written by [Appellant] by way of the Public Defender ’ s Office [,] expressing your desire to pursue certain matters on PCRA; is that correct?

[APPELLANT] : Yes, sir, it is.

[TRIAL COUNSEL]: I ’ m nonetheless prepared to move forward

with sentencing today. Would you like to move forward for sentencing today with my representation?

[APPELLANT] : Yes, I would.

Id. at 3

- 4.

After the trial court sentenced Appellant , Trial Counsel ask ed the trial

court : “Would you be inclined to vacate my appointment [as Appellant’s

counsel] at this time so [Appellant] can pursue other relief?” Id. at 16. The

trial court responded:

THE COURT: I think what I’m inclined to do is, if [Appellant] wishes to appeal , [the trial court will] have [Trial Counsel] file the notice of appeal so that [Appellant’s] rights are protected. Then I will permit [Trial Counsel’s] withdrawal since [Appellant has] raised post conviction issues or ineffective [ sic ]

issues.

Id. (emphasis added). The trial court advised Appellant he had “30 days to

file an appeal” from the date of his sentence. Id. at 15. The trial court further

informed Appellant: “If you can’t afford an attorney for that purpose, we’ll

appoint one for you free of charge

.... ” Id. at 15

- 16

.

A s discusse d, Trial Counsel averre d in the PSM that Appellant sought

appointment of new counsel to file a PCRA petition claiming Trial Counsel’sJ

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ineffectiveness. PSM, 9/20/21, ¶¶ 10

- 11 ; id. ¶ 8 ( sta ting Appellant “has

indicated, through a July 27, 2021 letter to the Public Defender’s Office , that

he wishes to file for [PCRA] relief”) ; accord Lesko , 15 A.3d at 3 59

( recognizing a n attorney cannot raise a claim of his own ineffectiveness )

.

Thus, t he record belies Appellant’s unsupported claim that he asked Trial

Counsel to file a d irect appeal. Harmon , 738 A.2d at 1024 ( a PCRA

petitioner’s “ [m] ere allegations ” that petitioner asked counsel to file a n appeal

“ will not suffice” to satisfy petitioner’s burden of proving the claim)

.

Appellant’s second and third issues fail because there is no arguable merit to

his claim of Trial Counsel’s ineffectiveness

.

Our review reveals no abuse of discretion by the PCRA court in

determin ing that Appellant raised no genuine issues of material fact and

denying Appellant’s PCRA petition without an evidentiary hearing.

Order affirmed.

Date: 1 2/ 5 /2023