Winchell v. Lubinski, No. 206-3-11 Rdcv (Teachout, J., Sept. 2, 2011) 

[The text of this Vermont trial court opinion is unofficial. It has been reformatted from the original. The accuracy of the text and the 

accompanying data included in the Vermont trial court opinion database is not guaranteed.]

STATE OF VERMONT 

SUPERIOR COURT CIVIL DIVISION 

Rutland Unit Docket No. 206-3-11 Rdcv 

ROBERT WINCHELL, 

Plaintiff 

v. 

THOMAS LUBINSKI, 

 Defendant 

ENTRY ORDER 

Thomas Lubinski, the defendant in this suit, died in February 2011. Plaintiff 

Robert Winchell filed his Complaint on March 29, 2011. On July 25, 2011, Defendant’s 

attorney filed a Motion to Dismiss on the grounds that Mr. Lubinski was deceased at the 

time of the commencement of the suit. 

 Because Mr. Lubinski is deceased, he is not the proper defendant for this suit. If 

he had died after the suit had been filed, the proper defendant could have been substituted 

pursuant to V.R.C.P. 25(a)(1). This rule, which is derived from its federal equivalent, 

only applies to substitution when a party dies during the pendency of the suit. See 

Mizukami v. Buras, 419 F.2d 1319, 1320 (5th Cir. 1969); see also 7C Wright, Miller and 

Kane, Federal Practice & Procedure: Civil 3d § 1951 (“Substitution is not possible if one 

who was named as a party in fact died before the commencement of the action.”). 

It cannot be used to correct the problem of a defendant who is dead at the 

commencement of the suit. It is well-settled that a suit brought against a dead person is 

“void ab initio” or “null and void.” See, e.g., Glover v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 

950 A.2d 335 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2008); Brubaker v. Estate of DeLong, 700 N.W.2d 323 

(Iowa 2005); Jones v. Lawler, 31 Conn. L. Rptr. 416 (Super. Ct. 2002); Keller v. Walker, 

744 N.E.2d 381 (Ill. App. Ct. 2001); Gailor v. Alsabi, 990 S.W.2d 597 (Ky. 1999). The 

death of the defendant prior to the filing of the complaint leaves the court without subject 

matter jurisdiction. Glover, 950 A.2d at 339. This jurisdictional defect cannot be cured by 

an amendment because “there is, technically, nothing to amend.” Id.

Plaintiff cites to Korda v. Chicago Ins. Co., 2006 VT 81, 180 Vt. 173, in support 

of his argument that he be allowed to amend his complaint by substituting the real party 

in interest. Korda, however, concerned a suit brought by insurance carriers before they 

had the formal capacity to bring the suit. Id. at ¶ 14. The Court looked to V.R.C.P. 17(a), 

“Real Party in Interest,” which provides: 

No action shall be dismissed on the ground that it is not prosecuted in the 

name of the real party in interest until a reasonable time has been allowed 
after objection for ratification of commencement of the action by, or 

joinder or substitution of, the real party in interest; and such ratification, 

joinder, or substitution shall have the same effect as if the action had been 

commenced in the name of the real party in interest. 

V.R.C.P. 17(a). But the death of the defendant before a suit commences is a 

fundamentally different circumstance than a suit that “is not prosecuted in the name of 

the real party in interest.” As such, Rule 25(a)(1) specifically applies to deaths of parties, 

while Rule 17(a) addresses only plaintiffs. See Esposito v. United State, 368 F.3d 1271, 

1277 (10th Cir. 2004) (distinguishing substitution of a defendant under F.R.C.P. 25(a)(1) 

from substitution of a plaintiff under F.R.C.P. 17(a)). It is not proper to “use the 

deceased as a place holder until a representative of the estate has been appointed.” Null v. 

Easley, No. 4:09-CV-296-Y, 2009 WL 3853765, at *2 (N.D. Tex. Nov. 18, 2009). 

Because the suit against Mr. Lubinski was a nullity when it was filed, there is nothing for 

Plaintiff to amend. 

 Accordingly, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss is granted. 

 Dated this ___ day of ______________, 2011. 

________________________ 

 Hon. Mary Miles Teachout 

Superior Judge