Antelope Valley

Air Quality Management District

Final

Staff Report

Rescission of

Rule 1110 Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion 

Engines (Demonstration)

Adopted on

January 15, 2013

43301 DIVISION ST., SUITE 206,

LANCASTER, CALIFORNIA 93535-4649

PHONE (661) 723-8070

FAX (661) 723-3450
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AVAQMD Rule 1110 TC-1

Final Staff Report, 01/15/13

STAFF REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Rule 1110 - Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Demonstration)

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT...........................................................................................1

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................................................1

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................2

IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST ..........................................................................3

V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................4

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS ..........................................................................4

1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rules & Regulations......................4

a. Necessity..............................................................................................4

b. Authority..............................................................................................4

c. Clarity ..................................................................................................4

d. Consistency..........................................................................................4

e. Non-duplication ...................................................................................5

f. Reference..............................................................................................5

g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing ........................................5

2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Federal Submittals)........................5

a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requirements...............................5

b. Public Notice and Comment................................................................5

c. Availability of Document ....................................................................5

d. Notice to Specified Entities.................................................................6

e. Public Hearing .....................................................................................6

f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement ............................................6

g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were Followed ....................6

B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS ........................................6

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................6

1. General.............................................................................................................6

2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness .......................................................................7

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA)..................................................................7

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS.................................................7

1. Potential Environmental Impacts.....................................................................7

2. Mitigation of Impacts ......................................................................................7

3. Alternative Methods of Compliance................................................................7
TC-2 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

F. PUBLIC REVIEW..........................................................................................................8

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION...............................................................................................8

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................8

B. EMISSIONS ...................................................................................................................8

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................................8

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY ..................................................................................8

E. 110(l) ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................8

E. SIP HISTORY ................................................................................................................9

1. SIP History.......................................................................................................9

2. SIP Analysis...................................................................................................10

Appendix A – Rule 1110 Iterated Version ................................................................................. A-1

Appendix B - Public Notice Documents .....................................................................................B-1

Appendix C - Public Comments and Responses .........................................................................C-1

Appendix D - California Environmental Quality Act Documentation....................................... D-1

Appendix E - Bibliography..........................................................................................................E-1
AVAQMD Rule 1110 1

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

STAFF REPORT

Rule 1110- Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Demonstration)

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT 

A staff report serves several discrete purposes. Its primary purpose is to provide a summary and 

background material to the members of the Governing Board. This allows the members of the 

Governing Board to be fully informed before making any required decision. It also provides the 

documentation necessary for the Governing Board to make any findings, which are required by law to 

be made prior to the approval or adoption of a document. In addition, a staff report ensures that the 

correct procedures and proper documentation for approval or adoption of a document have been 

performed. Finally, the staff report provides evidence for defense against legal challenges regarding 

the propriety of the approval or adoption of the document.

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

On July 1, 1997 the Antelope Valley Air Pollution Control District (AVAPCD) was created pursuant 

to statute (former H&S Code §40106, A.B. 266-Knight Ch. 542, statutes of 1996) and assumed all air 

pollution control responsibilities from the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 

for the area of Los Angeles County outside the South Coast Air Basin. The SCAQMD rules in effect 

within the jurisdiction of the AVAPCD remained in effect until the AVAPCD Governing Board 

superceded, amended, or rescinded them. On January 1, 2002 the Antelope Valley Air Quality 

Management District (AVAQMD) was created pursuant to statute (H&S Code §41300 et seq.) to 

replace the AVAPCD. Once again the rules in effect at the time of the change remained in effect until 

the AVAQMD Governing Board superceded, amended or rescinded them. SCAQMD adopted Rule 

1110 on November 6, 1981, and is the effective rule in the AVAQMD Rule Book

Rule 1110-Emissions From Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Demonstration) was adopted by 

South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) on November 6, 1981 to set up a 

demonstration program to collect emissions data for SCAQMD Rule 1110.1 - Emissions from 

Stationary Internal Combustion Engines. The SCAQMD demonstration program was completed on or 

about November 1991. This was prior to the formation of the Antelope Valley Air Pollution Control 

District on 7/1/1997. Rule 1110 was subsequently rescinded by the SCAQMD on November 14, 

1997. Due to the provisions of the implementing statute and the subsequent statutory creation of the 

Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District the rule remained in the AVAQMD rule book 

though it was inapplicable due to the termination of the program and the fact that none of the program 

engines were located within what is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. The AVAQMD is 

proposing to rescind this rule due to its inapplicability.

Rule 1110 is a State Implementation Plan (SIP) rule. Removal from the SIP will not cause any 

increase in emissions since the demonstration program was completed prior to the formation of the 

AVAQMD and the rule is inapplicable.
2 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION

Staff recommends that the Governing Board of the AVAQMD adopt, after conducting a public 

hearing, a resolution approving the rescission of Rule 1110- Emissions from Stationary Internal 

Combustion Engines (Demonstration).

The Governing Board of the Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District rescinded Rule 1110 

on January 15, 2013.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 3

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST 

The findings and analysis as indicated below are required for the procedurally correct rescission of 

Rule 1110- Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Demonstration). Each item is 

discussed, if applicable, in Section V below. Copies of documents are included in the appropriate 

Appendix.

FINDINGS REQUIRED FOR

RULES & REGULATIONS 

X Necessity

X Authority

X Clarity

X Consistency

X Non-duplication

X Reference

X Public Notice & Comment

X Public Hearing

REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE 

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

SUBMISSION (SIP): 

X Public Notice & Comment

X Availability of Document

X Notice to Specified Entities (State, 

Air Districts, USEPA, Other States)

X Public Hearing

X Legal Authority to adopt and 

implement the document.

X Applicable State laws and 

regulations were followed.

ELEMENTS OF A FEDERAL

SUBMISSION 

N/A Elements as set forth in applicable 

Federal law or regulations.

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL 

QUALITY ACT 

REQUIREMENTS (CEQA):

N/A Ministerial Action

X Exemption

N/A Negative Declaration

N/A Environmental Impact Report

X Appropriate findings, if necessary.

X Public Notice & Comment

SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL

ANALYSIS (RULES & 

REGULATIONS ONLY): 

X Environmental impacts of 

compliance.

N/A Mitigation of impacts.

N/A Alternative methods of compliance.

OTHER: 

N/A Written analysis of existing air 

pollution control requirements

N/A Economic Analysis

X Public Review
4 AVAQMD Rule 1113

Final Staff Report, 07/30/2013

V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS 

This section discusses the State of California statutory requirements that apply to the proposed 

rescission of Rule 1110. These are actions, that need to be performed, and/or information, that 

must be provided in order to amend the Rule in a procedurally correct manner.

1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rules & Regulations: 

Before adopting, amending, or repealing a rule or regulation, the AVAQMD Governing 

Board is required to make findings of necessity, authority, clarity, consistency, nonduplication, and reference based upon relevant information presented at the hearing. 

The information below is provided to assist the Board in making these findings.

a. Necessity: 

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 is necessary to remove a rule that is 

inapplicable. Rule 1110 was adopted by South Coast Air Quality Management 

District (SCAQMD) on November 6, 1981 to set up a demonstration program to 

collect emissions data for SCAQMD Rule 1110.1 - Emissions from Stationary 

Internal Combustion Engines. The SCAQMD demonstration program was 

completed on or about November 1991. This was prior to the formation of the 

Antelope Valley Air Pollution Control District on 7/1/1997. Rule 1110 was 

subsequently rescinded by the SCAQMD on November 14, 1997. Due to the 

provisions of the implementing statute and the subsequent statutory creation of 

the Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District the rule remained in the 

AVAQMD rule book though it was inapplicable due to the termination of the 

program and the fact that none of the program engines were located within what 

is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD

b. Authority: 

AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to California Health and Safety Code 

(H&S Code) §40702 to adopt, amend or repeal rules and regulations.

c. Clarity: 

The proposed rescission is clear in that it is written so that the persons subject to 

the rule can easily understand why the rule is being rescinded.

d. Consistency: 

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 is in harmony with, and not in conflict 

with or contradictory to, any state law or regulation, federal law or regulation, or 
AVAQMD Rule 1110 5

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

court decisions because this rescission removes a rule that is inapplicable 

because the demonstration program has been completed.

e. Non-duplication: 

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 removes a rule that is inapplicable 

because the demonstration program has been completed, and thereby does not 

impose the same requirements as an existing state or federal law or regulation.

f. Reference:

AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §40702 to adopt, amend or 

repeal rules and regulations.

g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing: 

Notice for the public hearing for the proposed rescission of Rule 1110 was

published on 12/14/12. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice. See 

Appendix C for copies of comments, if any, and AVAQMD responses.

2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Federal Submittals).

Submittals to USEPA are required to include various elements depending upon the type 

of document submitted and the underlying federal law which requires the submittal. 

The information below indicates which elements are required for the proposed 

rescission of Rule 1110 and how they were satisfied.

a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requirements:

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 is subject to all the requirements for a SIP 

submittal because Rule 1110 is included in the AVAQMD SIP. The AVAQMD 

will be requesting that CARB ask USEPA to remove Rule 1110 from the SIP 

since this rule is inapplicable because the demonstration program has been 

completed.

b. Public Notice and Comment:

Notice for the public hearing for the proposed rescission of Rule 1110 was 

published on 12/14/2012. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice.

c. Availability of Document:

Copies of the proposed rescinded Rule 1110 and the accompanying draft staff 

report were made available to the public on 11/28/2012. 
6 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

d. Notice to Specified Entities

Copies of the proposed rescinded Rule 1110 and the accompanying draft staff 

report were mailed to all affected agencies, including but not limited to CARB 

and USEPA on 11/29/2012.

e. Public Hearing: 

A public hearing to consider the proposed rescission of Rule 1110 was held on

1/15/2013.

f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement: 

The AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §40702 to adopt, 

amend, or repeal rules and regulations and to do such acts as may be necessary 

or proper to execute the duties imposed upon the AVAQMD.

g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were Followed: 

Public notice and hearing procedures pursuant to H&S Code §§40725-40728 

have been followed. See Section (V)(A)(1) above for compliance with state 

findings required pursuant to H&S Code §40727. See Section (V)(B) below for 

compliance with the required analysis of existing requirements pursuant to H&S 

Code §40727.2. See Section (V)(C) for compliance with economic analysis 

requirements pursuant to H&S Code §40920.6. See Section (V)(D) below for

compliance with provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act 

(CEQA).

B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS 

H&S Code §40727.2 requires air districts to prepare a written analysis of all existing federal air 

pollution control requirements that apply to the same equipment or source type as the rule 

proposed for rescission by the District. The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 removes a rule 

that is inapplicable because the demonstration program has been completed. Therefore, the 

preparation of a written analysis of existing pollution control requirements that apply to the 

same equipment or source type is not required.

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 

1. General 

There is no economic impact anticipated by the rescission of Rule 1110. There are no 

sources subject to the provisions of the rule because this demonstration program was 

completed before the formation of the AVAQMD, and none of the program engines 

were located within what is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 7

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness

Pursuant to H&S Code §40920.6, incremental cost effectiveness calculations are 

required for rules and regulations which are adopted or amended to meet the California 

Clean Air Act requirements for Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) 

or “all feasible measures” to control volatile compounds, oxides of nitrogen or oxides of 

sulfur.

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 is not subject to incremental cost effectiveness 

calculations because this rule does not impose BARCT or “all feasible measures”.

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA)

Through the process described below, it was determined that a Notice of Exemption would be 

the appropriate CEQA process for the proposed rescission of Rule 1110. 

1. The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 meets the CEQA definition of “project.”

They are not “ministerial” actions.

2. The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 is exempt from CEQA review because 

this demonstration program was completed before the formation of the 

AVAQMD, and none of the program engines were located within what is now 

the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. There is no potential that the rescission might 

cause the release of additional air contaminants or create any adverse 

environmental impacts. Therefore, a Class 8 categorical exemption (14 Cal. 

Code Reg. §15308) applies.

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

1. Potential Environmental Impacts

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 removes a demonstration program that was 

completed before the formation of the AVAQMD, and none of the program engines 

were located within what is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. There is no

potential that the rescission might cause the release of additional air contaminants or 

create any adverse environmental impacts.

2. Mitigation of Impacts 

N/A

3. Alternative Methods of Compliance

N/A
8 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

F. PUBLIC REVIEW

See Staff Report Section (V)(A)(1)(g) and (2)(b), as well as Appendix B.

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION

Rule 1110 is a rule that was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of methods for the 

reduction of oxides of nitrogen emissions from stationary internal combustion engines. The 

demonstration program was implemented over a ten-year period, ending on or before 

November 1991.

B. EMISSIONS

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 removes a demonstration program that was completed 

before the formation of the AVAQMD, and none of the program engines were located within 

what is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. There is no potential that the rescission might 

cause the release of additional air contaminants or create any adverse environmental impact. 

Therefore, Rule 1110 can be rescinded with no impact on emissions.

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

The proposed rescission of Rule 1110 removes a demonstration program that was completed 

before the formation of the AVAQMD, and none of the program engines were located within 

what is now the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. There is no potential that the rescission might 

cause the release of additional air contaminants or create any adverse environmental impact. 

Therefore, Rule 1110 can be rescinded with no relaxation of control requirements.

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY

Rule 1110 is a rule that was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of methods for the 

reduction of oxides of nitrogen emissions from stationary internal combustion engines. The 

demonstration program was implemented over a ten-year period, ending on or before 

November 1991. 

E. 110(l) Analysis

Rule 1110 has been approved by USEPA into the SIP (49 FR 18822, 5/03/1984). Therefore, 

the District will perform the 110(l) determination.

The requirements in Rule 1110 are inapplicable due to the termination of the demonstration 

program and the fact that none of the program engines were located within what is now the 

jurisdiction of the AVAQMD. 
AVAQMD Rule 1110 9

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

E. SIP HISTORY

1. SIP History.

Prior to 1975 the original air district for the Antelope Valley region was the Los 

Angeles County APCD that had jurisdiction covering the entire county of Los Angeles. 

In 1975, the Southern California Air Pollution Control District (So. Cal. APCD) was 

created. The So. Cal. APCD was created by a Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) between 

Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties to replace the previous 

countywide air pollution control districts for those counties. On 02/01/77, pursuant to 

statute (Cal. Stats. 1976, Ch 324 p. 815) the South Coast Air Quality Management 

District (SCAQMD) was created with an initial jurisdiction that only included areas of 

Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties contained within the 

South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). Outlying areas remained under the So. Cal. APCD 

(The legislation was thereafter amended to allow non SCAB areas to “opt in”. Los 

Angeles County exercised this option and thus the Antelope Valley became a part of 

SCAQMD). Also on 02/01/77 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) issued 

Executive Order G-73 (1977) which adopted a “rule book” for those non-SCAB areas 

of Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. CARB submitted the G-73 

rulebook on behalf of the “county” districts. 

By its terms Executive Order G-73 (1977) was only effective until the non-SCAB areas 

took other action. On 02/22/77 the JPA forming the So. Cal. APCD was formally 

dissolved. By the terms of the JPA upon dissolution each county would regain its 

county air pollution control district with a jurisdiction of the non-SCAB areas of the 

county and the applicable rules being the So. Cal. APCD’s rules in effect upon the date 

of dissolution. On 07/01/97 the Antelope Valley Air Pollution Control District 

(AVAPCD) replaced the SCAQMD as the agency with jurisdiction over the Los 

Angeles County portion of the Mojave Desert Air Basin (MDAB). On 01/01/02 the 

AVAPCD was replaced by the AVAQMD. Pursuant to both statutory changes, the rule 

and regulations of the predecessor district were retained until the Governing Board 

adopted, amended or rescinded them. At the first meeting of the both the AVAPCD and 

the AVAQMD, the respective Governing Boards reaffirmed all the rules and regulations 

in effect at the time the agency changed.

The jurisdiction of the AVAPCD and the AVAQMD were specified in the statutes as 

the portion of the Los Angeles County contained within the MDAB. The MDAB was 

formerly known as the Southeast Desert Air Basin (SEDAB). In 1997 the SEDAB was 

split into the MDAB and the Salton Sea Air Basin. Descriptions of these air basins can 

be found in 17 Cal. Code Regs. §§60109 and 60144. Since USEPA adopts SIP 

revisions in California as effective within jurisdictional boundaries of local air districts, 

when the local air district boundaries change the SIP as approved by USEPA for that 

area up to the date of the change remains as the SIP in that particular area. Thus, upon 

creation of the AVAPCD on 07/01/97 the AVAPCD acquired the SIP applicable to the 

Antelope Valley portion of the SCAQMD that was effective as of 06/30/97. Likewise 
10 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

the AVAQMD acquired the SIP that was effective in the jurisdiction of the AVAPCD 

as of 12/31/01. Therefore, the SIP history for this region is based upon the rules 

adopted, effective, and approved for the Antelope Valley by SCAQMD.

Rule 1110 was originally adopted by the SCAQMD on 11/06/1981. Rule 1110 was 

approved by USEPA into the SIP (49 FR 18822, 5/03/1984), and is the current version 

in the AVAQMD rulebook. 

2. SIP Analysis.

The District will request that CARB submit to USEPA a request to remove Rule 1110

from the SIP for the AVAQMD since the rule is inapplicable due to the termination of 

the program prior to the formation of the AVAQMD, and the fact that none of the 

program engines were located within the jurisdiction of the AVAQMD.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 A-1

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

APPENDIX "A"

Rule 1110- Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (Demonstration)

Iterated Version

The iterated version is provided so that the changes to an existing rule may be easily found. The manner 

of differentiating text is as follows:

1. Underlined text identifies new or revised language.

2. Lined out text identifies language which is being deleted.

3. Normal text identifies the current language of the current rule which will remain unchanged by the 

adoption of the proposed amendments.

4. Italicized text identifies explanatory material that is not part of the proposed language.
A-2 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Final Staff Report, 07/30/2013

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(Adopted: 11/06/81; Rescinded: mm/dd/yy)

AVAQMD Rule 1110 1110-1

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

RULE 1110

Emissions From Stationary Internal Combustion Engines 

(Demonstration)

(a) Definitions

For purposes of this rule, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) A Stationary Internal Combustion Engine (engine) is any spark ignition (Otto cycle) 

internal combustion engine that is operated at a specific site for more than one year or is 

attached to a foundation at that site.

(2) A Rich-Burn Engine is an engine that is operated with an exhaust stream oxygen 

concentration of less than one percent by volume.

(3) A Lean-Burn Engine is an engine that is operated with an exhaust stream oxygen 

concentration greater than one percent by volume.

(4) An Existing Engine is an engine that prior to November 6, 1981:

(A) has been issued a valid Permit to Construct or Operate by the District, or

(B) Is in operation, including those operating pursuant to the provisions of District 

Rule 219(b)(1), or

(C) Is subject to review due to submittal of an application for Permit to Construct or 

Operate which has been deemed complete by the Executive Officer.

(5) Output is the shaft output form the engine plus energy reclaimed by any heat recovery 

system, subject to the approval of the Executive Officer.

(6) Rated Brake Horsepower is the rating specified by the engine manufacturer.

(b) Requirements

(1) Owners and/or operators of more than 5,000 total installed rated brake horsepower of 

existing engines shall participate in a program to demonstrate the effectiveness of

methods for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen emissions from such engines, where:

(A) Rich-burn engines demonstrate that:
1110-2 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

(i) Oxides of nitrogen emissions do not exceed 0.28 microgram per joule 

output (0.75 g/bhp-hr), or

(ii) These engines have been modified or equipped with control devices 

to reduce oxides of nitrogen emissions by 90 percent, or

(iii) Alternate emission limits of 48 ppm by volume oxides of nitrogen, 

corrected to 15 percent oxygen by volume, or limits as allowed by 

Attachment "A" are not exceeded, or 

(iv) With control equipment installed and operating the emission limits of 

rich-burn engines, subsection (i), (ii) and (iii) above, cannot be met. 

For such engines the Executive Officer may alter emission limits and 

require continuation of testing, after studying costs, to provide 

meaningful information.

(B) Lean-burn engines demonstrate that:

(i) Oxides of nitrogen emissions do not exceed 0.56 microgram per joule 

output (1.5 g/bhp-hr), or

(ii) These engines have been modified or equipped with control devices 

to reduce oxides of nitrogen emissions by 80 percent, or

(iii) Alternate emission limits of 96 ppm by volume oxides of nitrogen, 

corrected to 15 percent oxygen by volume, or limits as allowed by 

Attachment "A" are not exceeded, or

(iv) With control equipment installed and operating the emission limits of 

lean-burn engines, subsections (i), (ii) and (iii) above, cannot be met. 

For such engines the Executive Officer may alter emission limits and 

require continuation of testing, after studying costs, to provide 

meaningful information.

(C) The number of demonstration engines to be selected for testing by each owner 

and/or operator are determined from the Table of Sample Requirements RichBurn Engines and Table of Sample Requirements Lean-Burn Engines below, 

except for substitutions allowed by the Executive Officer, but the total test 

engine horsepower shall not exceed five percent of the total horsepower of all 

engines under the control of the same owner and/or operator.

The engines selected for testing shall show as much diversification of engine 

model and control system as possible and the selection shall be subject to the 

approval of the Executive Officer.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 1110-3

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

(i) TABLE OF SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS

RICH-BURN ENGINES

No. of Rich-Burn

Engines Operated Ranges of

In District Each Rated Brake No. of

Operated At Least Horsepower Demonstration

2,000 hr/yr Per Engine Engines Required

20 or less 50 to 200 None

21 to 50 50 to 200 1

51 to 80 50 to 200 2

over 80 50 to 200 3

7 or less 201 to 500 None

8 to 15 201 to 500 1

over 15 201 to 500 2

7 or less 501 to 1,000 None

8 to 15 501 to 1,000 1

over 15 501 to 1,000 2

4 or less over 1,000 None

5 to 10 over 1,000 1

over 10 over 1,000 2

(ii) TABLE OF SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS FOR

LEAN-BURN ENGINES

No. of Lean-Burn

Engines Operated Ranges of

in District Each Rated Brake No. Lean-Burn

Operated At Least Horsepower Demonstration

2,000 hr/yr Per Engine Engines Required

6 or less 500 and over 500 None

7 to 15 500 and over 500 1

16 to 24 500 and over 500 2

Over 24 500 and over 500 3

(D) Notwithstanding provisions of section (C), where an owner and/or operator has 

engines totaling more than 5,000 installed rated brake horsepower which operate 

more than 2,000 hours per year each, he shall provide at least one demonstration 

engine for the test program.
1110-4 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

(E) The hours operated by test engines in the demonstration program shall be 

recorded in log books or by elapsed time recorders.

(F) The owner and/or operator shall submit to the Executive Officer the list by 

model and rating of all his engines, the list of selected test engines which are to 

be retrofitted with control devices or engine modifications, and the test plan, 

prepared following the guidelines provided by the Executive Officer, for the 

demonstration program by January 5, 1982. After approval of the selected test 

engines and test plan by the Executive Officer, the owner and/or operator shall:

(i) Have rich-burn engines modifications completed and control systems 

installed and operating within six months, and

(ii) Have lean-burn engines modifications completed and control systems 

installed and operating within twenty-four months, or

(iii) Have received approval from the Executive Officer for an extension 

in program schedule because of nonavailability of control equipment 

and/or support services, or

(iv) Received approval from the Executive Officer for delay in program 

implementation, not to exceed 12 months, because of funding 

problems (for Public Service Agencies).

(G) Sequential measurements for oxides of nitrogen reduction, along with 

measurements of concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, 

total hydrocarbons, and non-methane hydrocarbons by method referenced in 

Attachment "B" or equivalent, are made by the owner and/or operator within the 

first month of operation and, at a minimum, after each 2,000 hours of operation 

or each 6 months of operation, whichever comes first. Measurements of 

ammonia shall be made if deemed necessary by the Executive Officer.

(H) The test program continues for at least 12 consecutive months or until 4,000 

hours of operation are accumulated for each test engine, whichever occurs first.

(I) Breakdown or failure of control equipment to control oxides of nitrogen 

emissions within allowable limits of this rule during the program for periods 

exceeding forty-eight hours shall be summarized in a monthly report to the 

Executive Officer, together with a description of the corrective measures 

undertaken and/or to be undertaken.

(J) Test results shall be reported to the Executive Officer within sixty days after 

completion of each test period.

(2) After oxides of nitrogen control device installation or engine modifications a person 

shall not operate a test engine without periodic manual air-fuel ratio adjustments or 

automatic controls to minimize the discharge of carbon monoxide (CO) into the 

atmosphere.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 1110-5

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

(3) Notwithstanding Rule 219, owners and/or operators of demonstration engines and/or 

control devices shall apply for permits to construct and operate the demonstration 

engines and/or control devices. A test engine with control equipment will be 

considered a single permit unit.

(4) If an owner and/or operator participating in the test program meets the other 

requirements of this rule, the failure of his control equipment to meet the specified 

emission limits will not constitute a violation of the rule.

(5) Owners and/or operators may apply engine test program results from this District and 

from other adjacent counties provided:

(A) That the subject engine is, or would be considered in the case of an adjacent 

county, an existing engine; and

(B) That other requirements of this rule are met; and

(C) The control was not installed to comply with the requirements of any other nondemonstration rule or regulation, including mitigations provided as offsets or 

emission reductions credits for New Source Review, Prevention of Significant 

Deterioration, or Emission Banking.

(6) Owners and/or operators may appeal to the South Coast Air Quality Management Hearing 

Board:

(A) Any decision of the Executive Officer to continue a test program when costs are 

excessive.

(B) A requirement to test selected engines which are deemed to be obsolete for 

purposes of application of NOx control technology.

(C) Any decision of the Executive Officer to include an owner/operator in the test 

program, if such owner/operator is included in the program due to engines 

which will be permanently removed from service no later than three months 

after the dates specified in subsection (b)(1)(F)(i) or (b)(1)(F)(ii), as appropriate.

(7) Engines tested in this Demonstration Program shall be permitted to operate with the 

Nox control system used under this rule for a period of ten years from November 6, 

1981 and shall not be subject to conditions of any other subsequent NOx rule during 

that ten-year period.
1110-6 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

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(c) Exemptions

(1) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to:

(A) Existing engines with less than 50 brake horsepower rating.

(B) Existing non-carbureted turbocharged four-stroke and existing two-stroke Otto 

cycle engines all less than 500 brake horsepower rating.

(C) Engines used directly and exclusively for agricultural operation necessary for 

the growing of crops, or the raising of fowl or animals.

(D) Diesel cycle engines or gas turbines.

(E) Emergency standby engines which operate only as temporary replacements for 

primary mechanical or electrical power sources during periods of fuel or energy 

shortage or while the primary power source is undergoing repairs.

(F) Engines used exclusively for fire fighting operations.

[SIP: Approved 5/3/84, 49 FR 18822, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(121)(i)(C)]
AVAQMD Rule 1110 1110-7

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

ATTACHMENT A

Alternative Emission Limit to Limit

the Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Emissions

from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines

For stationary internal combustion engines, emissions of oxides of nitrogen shall not exceed an 

emission limit as determined by the following equation:

EMISSION LIMIT = STANDARD x UNIT EFFICIENCY

STANDARD EFFICIENCY

The STANDARD is 48 ppm NOx for rich-burn or 96 ppm for lean-burn as corrected to 15 percent 

oxygen at an engine STANDARD EFFICIENCY of 30 percent. 

UNIT EFFICIENCY equals the total shaft output and reclaimed heat from any heat recovery system 

divided by the energy input (as determined by a fuel measuring device accurate to + 5 percent and 

based on the higher heating value of the fuel). Any engine which has a tested efficiency greater than 

30 percent is allowed a 30 percent unit efficiency for the purpose of this limitation.

The volume concentration (ppm) of the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) shall be corrected to 15 percent 

oxygen (O2) on a dry basis as follows:

20.9% - 15%

PPM NOx (15% O2) = PPM NOx (measured) x measured

20.9% - % O2
1110-8 AVAQMD Rule 1110

Emissions From Stationary IC Engines (Demonstration)

D1: 11/15/12

ATTACHMENT B

Modified EPA Method 20

For the purpose of this rule, the following modifications shall be applied to EPA Reference Method 20 

as published in the Federal Register on September 10, 1979.

(1) General Note - All references to SO2 of sulfur measurement shall be deleted.

(2) Section 4.1.4 - The NOx to NO converter as shown in Figure 20.1 is normally integrated into 

the NOx analyzer. In addition, the deletion of the converter shall not be an option as it presently is in 

Method 20.

(3) Section 4.3 - Calibration gases shall be at 0, 50 percent, and 90 percent of full scale. The full 

scale value shall be selected so that the measured value is approximately 50 percent of scale.

(4) Section 6.1.2 - Delete all references to a preliminary O2 traverse; however, O2 shall be 

measured continuously during the test.

(5) Section 6.1.2.1 - To allow for very small cross sections the minimum number of points shall be 

adjusted at the discretion of the Executive Officer.

(6) Section 6.2 - Testing shall be at actual load conditions. The test period shall be a minimum of 

fifteen minutes per load condition to determine compliance initially. However, if the source is not in 

compliance after the initial fifteen minutes, the test shall be continued for at least one hour and fortyfive minutes. The stack shall be traversed initially to determine the degree of stratification in the stack. 

Sampling time at each traverse point shall be a minimum of two minutes plus system response time. 

The remainder of the test period shall be with the probe inlet at the average point.

(7) An ultimate analysis or equivalent shall be performed on the fuel fired using ASTM Method 

D3178-74 or D3176 (liquid fuels) or D1946-67 (72) (gaseous fuels) as applicable, to determine the 

theoretical maximum concentration in the flue gases shall not deviate by more than an amount 

specified by the Executive Officer, from the predicted O2 concentration based on the concurrent CO2

measurement and the ultimate analysis.
AVAQMD Rule 1110 B-1

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

APPENDIX "B"

PUBLIC NOTICE DOCUMENTS

(to be included when available)

1. Proof of Publication for Notice of Public Hearing – Antelope Valley Press, 12/14/2012
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APPENDIX "C"

PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

No comments received to date.
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AVAQMD Rule 1110 D-1

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APPENDIX "D"

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 

DOCUMENTATION

(to be included as available)

1. Notice of Exemption – Los Angeles County
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D

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AVAQMD Rule 1110 E-1

Final Staff Report, 07/30/13

APPENDIX "E"

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following documents were consulted in the preparation of this staff report and the proposed 

rescission of Rule 1110:

1. South Coast Air Quality Management District rescission package, from November 14, 1997. 
E-2 AVAQMD Rule 1110

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