OverviewofNHTSASponsoredhResearcatSwRITechnicalResearchWorkshopSouthwestResearchInstituteSanAntonio,TexasSponsoredbyUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandNHTSADecember10‐11,2014NHTSAContractingOfficerReresentativesCORs):JamesMacIsaac,GeneralEngineerp(&Dr.JohnWhitefoot,GeneralEngineerVolpeTechnicalConsultant:CoralieCooper,EnvironmentalProtectionSpecialistSwRIProjectManager:ThomasReinhart,InstituteEngineerMD/HDPhase2– RulemakingbOjectives•Fullrulemakingrocessconsistentwithpapplicablelawwithnoticeandopportunityforpublicreviewandcomment.id ii lli–Conserngadditonaandnewtechnooges–ConsideringrefiningtestproceduresandtheGEMvehiclesimulationcompliancemodelAllofThesePhase2ObjectivesRequire–Updatingtechnology,economicandenvironmentalassessmentsConsideringmorestringentstandardsandObjectivesRequireSupportingResearch–Consideringmorestringentstandardsandtiming–Consideringupdatingflexibilities2NHTSASponsoredMD/HDPhase2hResearcProgramatSwRI•InSeptember2012,NHTSAcompetitivelyawardedacontracttoSouthwestResearchInstitute(SwRI)toconductresearchinsupportofthenextphaseofResearchInstituteconductresearchsupportFederalfuelefficiency(FE)andgreenhousegas(GHG)standards•TheDOTstaffcoordinatedwithEPAandARBtoidentifypotentialtechnologiesforclass2bto8engines,vehicles,andtrailersfortheresearchprogram•ResultsofSwRIresearchwillbepublishedinpeerreviewedfinalreports•ResultshavebeensharedwiththeNationalAcademiesofScienceCommitteethatisstudying“ReducingtheFuelConsumptionandGreenhouseGasEmissionsofddhl ”Meium‐anHeavy‐DutyVeices3EPASponsoredResearchObjectives&NHTSASponsoredResearchObjectivesEPA:FocusedonComplianceMethodsandTestProceduresNHTSA:FocusedonTechnologiesthatImproveFuelEfficiency/GHGMethodsandTestProcedures•ProvidecomprehensivedatasetsforGEMvalidations•DevelopandrefinevarioustestthatImproveFuelEfficiency/GHG•FE/GHGtechnologybaselinesforclass2b‐8engines,vehicles,andtrailerspprocedures•Evaluatetherelationshipbetweenaerodynamictrailerdevicesandfuelconsumption/CO2emissions–Currentfleetsegments–EndofPhase1baseline•Phase2technologyprojectionsoverappropriatedutycyclesp /•EvaluateMD/HDpowertrainsystemsasoneofcertificationoptions•Evaluatedifferentdrivingcycle–Effectiveness–Availability–Cost•ReviewofinternationalFE/GHGEvaluatedifferentdrivingcycleimpactsonvehicles/regulatoryapproachesVehicles,SharedModeling,4,Engines,&TestDatag,EngineMaps,&CostInfoSwRIResearchMethodologyfordNHTSASponsoreResearchCurrentMD/HDFleetTechnologyBaseline(Basedonrecentengine/vehicletesting,literature,andfleetsurveys)SimulationsapplyIndividualEngine,Powertrain,andVehicleTechnologiesoverDifferentVehiclesandtotheCurrentTechnologiesDifferentVehiclesDriveCyclesCurrentFleetBaselineCostanalysisofIndividualTechnologiesatdifferentpenetrationlevelsGeneratePhase2MD/HDTechnologyBaselineSimulationsapplyPackagesofEngine,Powertrain,andVehicleTechnologiestoPhase2TechnologyBaselinetoExplorePotentialFuelConsumption/GHGImprovementsoverDifferentVehiclesandDriveC l5CyclesOutput:SwRIReportSeriesforPhase2/h lMDHDEnginesandVeicesReportReport#2Report#3#1•Effectivenessofindividualfuelsa ing/GHGReport#2•Incrementalcostanalysisofindividualf elsa ing/GHGReport#3•Effectivenessofpackagesoffuelsa ing/GHGsaving/GHGtechnologies•Marketsegmentationoffuelsaving/GHGtechnologies•Lifecyclecostsaving/GHGtechnologies•Naturalgasvehiclecoststudysegmentationoffleets•ReviewinternationalMD/HDfuel•Indirectbenefits•STATUS:Currentlyinpeerreviewcoststudy•STATUS:Datareceived‐InitialreportdraftMD/HDfueleconomyregulations•STATUS:Currentlyinpeerreviewpprepared6ImportantNote•TheEPANHTSAsponsoredresearch&sponsoredresearchprogramsatSwRIareonlyonesourceofinformationuseddevelopmentinformationtoinformthedevelopmentofthePhase2regulationanditsstringencies.Thetechnicalworkpresentedthistechnicalpresentedatworkshopdoesnotrepresentthesoletechnicalbasisregulationoritstechnicalfortheregulationstringencies.7VehicleDriveCyclesforNHTSAdhSponsoreResearc•Class2b/3(PickupTruck)ii h•Class8(T‐700tractor‐trailer)kbl–FTP‐City,FTP‐Highway–US06–SC03–WHVC (WorldHarmonizedVehiclel )–CARBtruckurbancycle,55MPHcruise,65MPHcruise–WHVC (WorldHarmonizedVehicleCycleNESCCAF(NortheastStatesCenterforCycle)–65MPHcruise•Class6(F‐650andT‐270):–NESCCAF(NortheastStatesCenterforaCleanAirFuture)35404550()–CARBtruckurbancycle,55MPHcruise,65MPHcruise–WHVC (WorldHarmonizedVehicleCycle)15202530

Vehicle Speed (mph)–CILCC (CombinedInternationalLocalandCommuterCycle–Parceldeliverycycle05100 100 200 300 400 500 600 700CycleTime(s)8EngineTechnologiesforNHTSAdhSponsoreResearc•Enginedownspeeding(reducedcruiseRPMcombinedwith•AdvancedBottomingCycle/cruiseRPM,combinedwithtransmissiontechnology)•LowerFrictionEngineOil•EngineFrictionReduction•VariableSpeed/DisplacementCoolant&OilPumps•LowParasiticFuelPumps•VariableValveTiming/Liftg•FuelSystemImprovements•Stop/Start•ImprovedSelectiveCatalyticd( )VariableValveTiming/Lift•CylinderDeactivation•StoichiometricGasolineDirectInjection(GDI)Reduction(SCR)Conversion•ReducedAfter‐treatmentBackpressure•TurboEfficiencyImprovement•LeanBurnGDIw/SCR•StoichiometricGDI+EGR•EngineDownSizingi i&b dTurboEfficiencyImprovement•AirhandlingImprovement•MechanicalTurbocompounding•ElectricTurbocompounding•Downsizing&boostedvs.NA•EliminateEGROnDieselp g9Vehicle&TrailerTechnologiesforNHTSASponsoredResearchAIVtA t tiTiPC tl•eroBinIII,andVTracorfeatures•TrailerAerodynamics•AutomaticTirePressureControl•WeightReduction•6X2TractorsorClutched6X4•Improved2b&3Aerodynamics•ImprovedVocationalTruckAerodynamics•Chassisfrictionreduction&improvedlube•Speedlimiters•ImprovedTransmissions(moregears,higherratiospread,shiftpoints,mechanicalefficiency•AutomaticEngineShutdown•ImprovedA/CSystemEfficiencyand/orCabInsulationtoReduceimprovement)•ManualTransmission•AutomatedManualTransmissionand/orCabInsulationtoReduceA/C•AirCompressorImprovements•HydraulicPumpImprovements•LowRollingResistanceTires•SingleWideTires•HydraulicPumpImprovements•FanPowerDemandReduction10