EXHIBIT D

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DavidW. Ball

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Case 6:20-cv-00459-ADA Document 45-4 Filed 01/08/21 Page 3 of 6
Field Guide to

Spectroscopy

David W Ball

SPIE Field Guides

Volume FG08

John E. Greivenkamp, Series Editor

SPIE

PRESS

Bellingham,Washington USA

Case 6:20-cv-00459-ADA Document 45-4 Filed 01/08/21 Page 4 of 6
Library of Congress Cataloging*)n-Fohlication Data

Ball, Davifl W. (David Warren), 1962-

Field guide to spoctrtjscopy / David W. Ball.

p. cm. -- (SPIB field guides ; FG08)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-H194-6352-6

1. Spectrum analysis. I. Tit le. 11. Series.

QC451 .B183 2006

535.8,4--dc22

2006008336

Published by

SP1E—The International Society for Optical Engineering

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Phone: +1 360 676 3290

Fax: +1 360 647 1445

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Copyright © 2006 The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation

Engineers

All rights reserved. No pan of this publication may be reproduced or

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reliance thereon.

Printed in the United States of America.

Second printing

The International Society

for Optical Engineering

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28 Spectroscopy

Other Components

A window is an optical component whose main function

is to separate environments or serve as a substrate, but it

has minimal effects on

the spectral characteristics of the probing

radiation. Windows

typically have flat,

parallel surfaces. The

path of the light rays

may be deflected but

should not be dispersed.

Window materials can

be any substance that does not absorb the light of

interest. Transparent materials like glass, quartz, and

sapphire are used in visible and UV regions. Ionic crystals

like KBr, NaCl, CalA, or KRS-5 (mixed TIBr/TH) ran be

used for the IR region, as can diamond. Polyethylene is

used in the far-IK. Beryllium windows are used in x-ray

and gamma ray spectroscopy.

A beamsplitter is an optical

component that allows part of an

electromagnetic beam to pass through

and reflects Ihe resl. Beamsplitters can

be cemented right prisms or partially

silvered mirrors.

A waveguide is a rectangular or cylindrical tube that

propagates radio waves or microwaves. They are mostly

found in magnetic resonance spectrometers. Fiber optics

can be thought of as a waveguide for visible light.

incoming

light

outgoing

light

window

beamsplitter

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