J-S48017-14

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: E.R., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: N.R. No. 586 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Decree entered February 26, 2014,

in the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County, 

Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 45 of 2013

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: A.R. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: N.R. No. 587 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Decree entered February 26, 2014,

in the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County, 

Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 46-2013

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: I.R. IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: N.R. No. 588 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Decree entered February 26, 2014,

in the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County, 

Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 47-2013

IN RE: ADOPTION OF: A.M., A MINOR IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

APPEAL OF: N.R. No. 589 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Decree entered February 26, 2014,

in the Court of Common Pleas of Northumberland County, 

Orphans’ Court, at No(s): 48-2013

BEFORE: DONOHUE, JENKINS, and PLATT*, JJ.

 

* Retired Senior Judge assigned to Superior Court.
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MEMORANDUM BY JENKINS, J.: FILED JANUARY 23, 2015

Appellant, N.R. (“Father”), appeals from the decrees involuntarily 

terminating Father’s parental rights to A.M. (born in December of 2004), I.R. 

(born in May of 2007), A.R. (born in March of 2000), and E.R. (born in 

September of 2001) (collectively “the Children”).1 We affirm.

This family became known to Northumberland County Children and 

Youth Services (“CYS”) in April of 2007 after allegations of an unsupervised 

child wandering around the city of Sunbury. After a safety plan was 

approved for the family, the case was closed. In 2010, General Protective 

Services (“GPS”) became involved with the family due to allegations of 

domestic violence, poor home conditions, and because the family was going 

to be evicted from their apartment. After Mother made arrangements for 

new housing and doctor appointments for the Children, the case was closed. 

In late 2010 and early 2011, GPS referrals were received alleging the 

family’s lack of basic utilities, Mother’s drug use, domestic violence, potential 

eviction, various unidentified individuals who visited the home, drug use, 

and truancy. On February 18, 2011, Mother signed a Voluntary Entrustment 

Agreement, placing the Children in CYS’s custody. The Children were placed 

 

1 On February 27, 2014, the trial court entered its decrees terminating 

D.M.’s (“Mother”) parental rights to the Children. Mother is not a party to 

this appeal, but filed a separate appeal at docket nos. 639, 640, 641, 642 

MDA 2014.
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in the care of Paternal Grandparents. On March 23, 2011, the Children were 

adjudicated dependent.

On August 14, 2013, CYS filed petitions for the involuntary termination 

of Father’s parental rights, pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), 

(8) and (b). On February 21, 2014, the trial court held a hearing on the 

petitions. At the hearing, Jennifer Donmoyer, a family service worker for 

CYS; Sara Blair McIntyre, a CYS caseworker; Maternal Grandmother; 

Paternal Grandmother; and Father testified. 

On February 27, 2014, the trial court entered its decrees terminating 

Father’s parental rights to the Children. On March 27, 2014, Father filed his 

notices of appeal and concise statements of errors complained of on appeal, 

pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b). This Court consolidated the 

cases sua sponte on April 25, 2014.

Father raises the following issues for our review:

1. Whether the trial court erred in determining that 

Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (CYS) 

presented clear and convincing evidence that grounds for 

involuntary termination exist?

2. Whether the trial court erred in determining that the best 

interest of the Children would be served by terminating 

parental rights? 

Father’s Brief at 16. 

Our standard of review regarding orders terminating parental rights is 

as follows:
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When reviewing an appeal from a decree terminating parental 

rights, we are limited to determining whether the decision of the 

trial court is supported by competent evidence. Absent an 

abuse of discretion, an error of law, or insufficient evidentiary 

support for the trial court’s decision, the decree must stand. 

Where a trial court has granted a petition to involuntarily 

terminate parental rights, this Court must accord the hearing 

judge’s decision the same deference that we would give to a 

jury verdict. We must employ a broad, comprehensive review 

of the record in order to determine whether the trial court’s 

decision is supported by competent evidence.

In re S.H., 879 A.2d 802, 805 (Pa. Super. 2005). In termination cases, the 

burden is upon the petitioner to prove by clear and convincing evidence that 

the asserted grounds for seeking the termination of parental rights are valid. 

Id. at 806. We have previously stated:

The standard of clear and convincing evidence is defined as 

testimony that is so “clear, direct, weighty and convincing as to 

enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without 

hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” 

In re J.L.C. & J.R.C., 837 A.2d 1247, 1251 (Pa. Super. 2003).

The trial court is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence 

presented and is likewise free to make all credibility determinations and 

resolve conflicts in the evidence. In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. 

Super. 2004). If competent evidence supports the trial court’s findings, we 

will affirm even if the record could also support the opposite result. In re 

Adoption of T.B.B., 835 A.2d 387, 394 (Pa. Super. 2003). Additionally, 

this Court “need only agree with [the trial court’s] decision as to any one 

subsection in order to affirm the termination of parental rights.” In re 
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B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc), appeal denied, 581 

Pa. 668, 863 A.2d 1141 (2004). 

In terminating Father’s parental rights, the trial court relied upon 

Section 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b) which provide:

§ 2511. Grounds for involuntary termination

(a) General rule.--The rights of a parent in regard to a child 

may be terminated after a petition filed on any of the following 

grounds:

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at 

least six months immediately preceding the filing of the 

petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of 

relinquishing parental claim to a child or has refused or 

failed to perform parental duties.

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect 

or refusal of the parent has caused the child to be without 

essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary 

for his physical or mental well-being and the conditions 

and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal 

cannot or will not be remedied by the parent.

* * *

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the 

parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement with 

an agency for a period of at least six months, the 

conditions which led to the removal or placement of the 

child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will not 

remedy those conditions within a reasonable period of 

time, the services or assistance reasonably available to the 

parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to 

the removal or placement of the child within a reasonable 

period of time and termination of the parental rights would 

best serve the needs and welfare of the child.

* * *
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(8) The child has been removed from the care of the 

parent by the court or under a voluntary agreement with 

an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date 

of removal or placement, the conditions which led to the 

removal or placement of the child continue to exist and 

termination of parental rights would best serve the needs 

and welfare of the child.

* * *

(b) Other considerations.--The court in terminating the rights 

of a parent shall give primary consideration to the 

developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the 

child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on 

the basis of environmental factors such as inadequate housing, 

furnishings, income, clothing and medical care if found to be 

beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition 

filed pursuant to subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not 

consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the conditions 

described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the 

giving of notice of the filing of the petition.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511.

We have conducted a careful review of the briefs of the parties, the 

relevant law, the certified record, and the thorough opinion of the Honorable 

William Harvey Wiest, dated April 29, 2014. We conclude that competent 

evidence supports the trial court’s termination of Father’s parental rights to 

the Children under Sections 2511(a)(1) and (b). 

We note the trial court’s decree does not specifically address Section 

2511(b). However, the trial court’s accompanying memorandum does 

address Section 2511(b). It is clear the trial court felt that the termination 

of Father’s rights is in the best interest of the Children. To the extent 

evidence of a bond between Children and Father was before trial court, the 
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trial court did not abuse its discretion in discounting that bond due to 

Father’s continued incarceration. See In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817, 

830-831 (Pa. 2012) (stating that trial courts must review the individual 

circumstances for every child to determine how a parent’s incarceration will 

factor into an assessment of the child’s best interests).

Accordingly, on the basis of the well-analyzed discussion in the trial 

court opinion dated April 29, 2014, we affirm the decrees terminating 

Father’s parental rights to the Children under Sections 2511(a)(1), and (b), 

and adopt that opinion as this Court’s own. 

Decrees affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

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IN RE: ADOPTION OF 

OPINION BELOW 

IN THE COURT OF CQMMON PLEAS 

OF NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA 

E.R, a minor child ORPHAN'S COURT DIVISION 

ADOPTEE #45 of 2013 

OPINION PURSUANT TO Pa,RAP. 1925(a) 

Factual and Procedural Background 

. The family in the above-captioned case becanie involved with Northumberland County 

Children and YOuth services in April of 2007, after allegations of an unsupervised child 

wandering around in the city of Sunbury. The matter was referred for a safety plan assessment, 

a plan was approved and the case was closed, 

J) General. Protective Services (GPS) became involved with the family again in 2010 

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responding to ailegations of domestic violence, poor home conditions', and the possibility that .. 

the family would be evicted from their apartment. After the natural mother made new 

arrangements for a residence and successfully scheduled doctors' appOintments for the 

children, the case was again closed. 

More GPS referrals were received In late 201 0 Into early 2011 regarding the family's lack 

of basic utilities, natural mother's drug use, domestic violence, and potential eviction, There 

were also allegations of various unidentified individuals who frequented the home2

• After 

investigation, the home was found to be without hot water and the natural mother admitted to 

having smoked marijuana. The family continued to remain involved with the GPS division of the 

. Northumberland County Children and Youth Services, during their involvement through 

February 2011, the family struggled with domestic violence, truancy, lack of employment, 

danger of eVictions, and related drug use. On February 18th 2011, the natural mother signed a 

Voluntary Entrustment Agreement, placing her children (including the above-captioned child) In 

1 Specifically, It was alleged that one minor child had several "flea oites." 

'The Dependency petition In the case suggested that there were a "lot of 'Puerto Ricans' In a~ put of the home at 

all hours of the day and night:' 

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the care and custody of Northumberland County Children and ~uth Service~ who, LlttljJn, 

placed the children in the home of the paternal grandparents, .... and ~ 

The child was adjudicated Dependent on March 23'd 2011. The child was placed In . 

foster care by the Agency. However, the placement was actually in the kinship home o~ 

T..--witL 

On June 23'd 2013, Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (the Agency) 

filed a Motion for a Finding of Aggravated Circumstances alleging aggravated circumstances 

against the natural mother in that, while her identity or whereabouts were known, she failed to 

maintain substantial and continuing contact with the child for a period of six months. 

On July 17'h 2013, the Court found by clear and convincing evidence that the aggravated 

circumstance alleged eXisted as against the natural mother. The Court further ordered that NO 

efforts at reunification between the child and the Natural Mother need be made. 

Consistent throughout the review period, that is the time during which the children were 

in care, the parents maintained little progress and efforts. Natural father was incarcerated (and 

continues to be) during the entire time period in which his children were in the Agency's 

custody. During his time of incarceration, the Natural father provided no documentation of any 

services, programs, or activities he was engaged in or completed. He did communicate with the 

Children through letters. Natural mother, while ordered to participate in parenting classes, find 

gainful employment, and obtain housing, was minimally compliant. During the early part of the 

case, Natural Mother had visitation with the children, but from approximately mid-Summer of 

2012 until sometime in early spring of 2013, she had no contact with the Agency and, to the 

Court's knowledge, did not contact the children. 

On,August 14th 2013, the Agency flied a Petition to Involuntarily Terminate the Parental 

Rights of Natural Mother and Natural Father. The children had spent thirty-six (36) months in 

the care and custody of the Agency, albeit in the home of their paternal grandmother and 

grandfather. 

l The Order of AdJudit;ation and Disposition Indicates that placement was in Foster Care. The initial. permanency 

)! review order .indicated "Foster Care - Kinship." 

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On January 16th 2014, the Natural Mother filed a motion requesting the Court to direct 

.' . the Agency to make a referral for a homestudy through the Interstate Compact. Thehomestudy 

would presumably have been performed on the maternal grandmother, who resided in New 

York. The Court denied the same. ",1&/. 

On February 21 st 2014 at the Termination Proceedirlg, the Natural Mother moved, in 

open court arid on the record, for the relief requested in the motion. The Court denied the 

same, holding that the matter was better raised in proceedings before Dependency Court. 

1IJfDuring' the period of lime in which the children were in care, the Natural Father, tt '7. 

T 7 was incarcerated. During his incarceration, he wrote several letters which were 

received and reviewed by the caseworkers at the Agency, the caseworkers testified that they 

had written him back concerning the children. The Agency provided him with a copy of the 

Child's Perm anency Plan, and never received any indication that the Natural Father did not 

understand or questioned the plan. Natural Father did sign the same on February 16111 2012 .. 

The caseworker testified that as of April 2011, Natural Father was not engaged In any 

,I) services. However, as of April 2013, the Natural father was 'taking as many classes that w[ere] 

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offered at SCI-Dallas. Due to each facility being different, they do not - they do not have the 

same things in .each prison." See Transcript of Proceedings. February 21st 2014, pg 14. While 

In prison, Natural Father had regular vIsitation with the children. The children were transported 

by their grandmother, the kinship-foster parent. Natural Father was "very appropriate" during 

visitation with the children. See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21s1 2014, pg 26. He 

sent the children pictures and letters, and kept In regular contact with the children. In some 

lengthy discussion, the caseworker was cross examined on the availability of services for the 

Natural Father while he was incarcerated. Specifically: 

'Q: All right. Without looking at any orders, you don't know what you can say. 

what he was court ordered to do, to participate in. Is that a fair 

statement? 

A: That is fair. And due to being incarcerated, like I said earlier, not each 

facility has the same things. And it's tough for us to even know what is in 

each one because it changes from place to place or even month to 

month. So I think that was, in turn, why it was not spelled out as specific 

and said that when he wQuld be released, he would need to let us know 

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specifically when he was out to become active with the full plan of what 

he needed to do." 

See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21'1 2014, pg 28-9. 

Natural Father's maximum sentence date was June 13th 2014. According to the 

caseworker, the Natural Father was up for parole several times in during the three years the 

children were in placement, he was denied each time. The caseworker testified that it was her 

belief that he was denied by virtue of his behavior in prison. During the leUer correspondence 

between the Natural Father and the caseworker, the Natural Father communicated his desire to 

be there for his children and his strong desire that the children not be adopted. The caseworker 

testified that she received letters from the Natural Father approximately monthly. She also 

testified that during'her supervision of the visitation between the Natural Father and the children, 

Natural Father was entirely appropriate with the children, and the children were excited to see 

their father. Natural Father would mail some minor artwork, portraits, and other small gifts and 

keepsakes to the children whenever he could acquire the same. 

The Natural Mother suffered from issues pertaining to domestic disputes and consistent 

transiency. What appears to be most disturbing is that Natural Mother apparently disappeared 

for some time and was unreachable by the Agency. Mother maintained limited visitation with 

her children. Specifically, between August of 2011 and Christmas of 2012, Natural Mother had 

no visits with her children. Regarding Mother's transiency, she lived in several towns and citles 

in Pennsylvania, and then moved to New Yorkand New Jersey all during the time period that 

the children were in care. Mother made a great case at the termination hearing on February 

21,1 2014 regarding the fitness and availability of maternal grandmother as a resource home for 

the children. During the time of her request, Mother lived with the maternal grandmother in New 

York. Apparently, Mother had requested that the Agency permit the children to live with her in 

New York several times prior to Court on February 21'12014. 

Throughout the three years in placement, the kinship-foster family has provided for the 

needs of the children. An example of the level of devotion to the continued permanence of the 

children, is the fact that at the onset of placement, the youngest child was significantly behind in 

his immunization records, the grandmother successfully got him up to date. In her testimony, 

the grandmother testified as follows: 

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A Well, taking care of the four children, it requires 110 PElrcent of me. So 

whether It's school, doctor's appointments, dentist appointment. Three of the 

children - well, four of them were in counseling. Three of them now remain in 

counseling, which is sometimes weekly, every other week. Numerous 

appointments, basketball game. We lost this one. But basketball games, 

events, activities. You know, to me, I can - that's a. full-time job basically. 

See TranSCript of Procel;idings on fabruary 21s

/ 2014, pg 57. 

At another juncture In the case, the grandmother proffered testimony that was very 

Indicative of the effects on ALL children of removal from the home. 

Q: ... what were they like when they first came to Jive with you three years 

ago? 

A: I - I think -I guess I would say they were a .little afraid. They always kind 

of stayed together. Like they kind of needed each other, They was very 

interwoven with one another. They always kind of always kept a bag kind 

of packed not knowing what was going to happen and stuff and, you 

know, just always concerned about what's for dessert, what we're going 

to eat, you know, and different things like that. 

So' J think in the beginning, they might have been a little bit afraid, 

not sure. You know, but they felt happy to be with us because here and 

now we were getting things that were consistent and structure and 

attention, and - you know, so -

~ Transcrief from Proceedings on February 21.1 2014, pg 58-9. 

Of note, at the termination proceeding, the permanency caseworker testified as follows 

regarding the oldest child: 

UA,R. was not very open with me, at that time. She was very upset about being 

in the foster care system. It took a while. She grew and opened up, and now she's actually on 

a good working relationShip with me to a point where she'll discuss things. She is very 

comfortable In the home. She's actually told me she has corne to a means of understanding 

.i) that they just need to find somewhere to be, and she's fine with everything that the agency has 

been trying to do for her." See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21" 2014, pg. 22. 

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The Agency had discerned that the kinship-foster family was willing to be permanent 

resources for two of the four children, the daughter of the grandmother', was willing to be a 

permanent resource for two of the children. The kinship-foster family and the daughter's family 

lived a reasonable distance from each other, which would facilitate contln ued contact and 

interaction between the children and their siblings. 

In discussion with the children regarding the suggested permanency options, the 

grandmother characterized their relative reactions; 

A All different reactions. [AR.] just wants to be finished with Children and 

Youth. Adopt me. Do Whatever you got to do. I Just want to be finished. 

[ER) pretty much goes along with [AR.). She has been the mother for them 

when there wasn't really wasn't a mother figure there. So [AR.] kind of feels 

like the three boys are her chfldren. And I try to tell her, I'm the mother. One 

qusen in the castle. It would be me. So she - they listen to her because 

that's who they're accustomed to. So [E.R.) will do what [AR.] kind of say. 

They've been trained that way. 

Whereas, the two younger ones - [AM.] is pretty independent. He's excited, 

He wants to g,o with {grandmother's daughter]. He wants to be with her. 

O. R.] is just totally different., He's a little bit - he's not sure. They said we're 

going to mommy, they say we're going here, and he just kind of goes along 

with the crowd because of his age, I would say. 

The grandmother testified that she believed that the children were 'bonded" to the 

natural father, however, she testified that she believed that the children would not suffer 

irreparable harm from a severing of that bond. 

The Court entered final orders of termination following the hearing, both parents appeal. 

~ule of law 

4 The srandmother Is ~ctually the stepilran~ther for the children, as she Is married to the paternal grandfaiher. 

The step.-grandmother's daughter r_..__ is the other permanent resource. She is not biological family, 

however, she has visited with the kl~amily al every holiday and the children are very familiar with the 

daughter's family. As such, It Is this Court's opinion thatthe daughter's family Is within the detinltlon of a "kinship' 

placement. 

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The grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights are set forth in section 2511 of 

title 23 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statute~. Specifically sections (a)(1); (a)(2); (a)(5); 

and (a)(8) appear substantially as follows: 

23 Pa.C.SA §2511 (a) 

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months immediately 

preceding the filing of the petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing 

parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties. 

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of the parent has 

caused the child to be without .essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his 

physical or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or 

refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent. 

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at least six mO,nths, the conditions which led 

to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will not remedy 

those conditions within a reasonable period of time, the services or assistance reasonably 

available to the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or 

placement of the child within a reasonable period of time and termination of the parental rights 

would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of removal 

or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist 

and termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

See 23 Pa C.SA §2511. 

Subsection-(b)-Of-the statute provides that the court in terminating the rights of a parent 

shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and 

welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall.not be terminated solely on the basis of 

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environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical 

care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to 

subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not cons'ider any efforts by the parent to remedy the 

conditions described therein which are first Initiated subseqJ,Jent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition. 

The term "needs and welfare" is a legal concept that "denotes certain minimum 

requirements that all children are entitled to-adequate housing, clothing, food and love." In Re 

Coast, 561 A.2d 762,770 (Pa Super. 1989); In reAdoption of Michae/J. C., 473 A.2d 1021, 

. 1029 (Pa. Super. 1984). "Thus, needs and welfare has both a tangible dimension, food, clothing 

and shelter, and an intangible dimension, parental love." In fe PA8., 570 A.2d 522, 525 (Pa. 

Super 1990); In re J. w., 578 A.2d 952, 957 (Pa. Super. 1990). "It is universally agreed that the 

bond of *539 parental affection is unique and irreplaceable. When parents act in accordance 

with the natural bonds of parental affection, preservation of the parent-child bond is prima-facie 

in the best interest of the child and the state has no justification to terminate that bond.' In fe 

J. w., 578 A.2d at 958. "If,as here, ties with natural parents are present and are an active force 

in the child's life, then needs and welfare becomes a concept that argues against termination, 

rather than fosters it." In re P.A.8., 570 A.2d at 52.5. Moreover, pursuant to section 2511 (a)(5), 

a court "must examine the status of the natural parental bond to consider whether terminating 

the natural parents' rights would destroy something in existence that is necessary and 

beneficial." lsi. 

Subsection (a)(8) sets a 12-month time frame for a parent to remedy the conditions 

which led to placement. Once the twelve month period has been established, the court must 

next determine whether the conditions which led to the child's placement continue to exist, 

despite the reasonable and good faith efforts of the Agency, supplied over a realistic tlmeframe . 

. In order to terminate under section 2511 (a)(8), the Court is not required to evaluate a parent's 

current willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that initially caused placement or the 

availability or efficacy of potential services. Sea In fa K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 

2008). The Superior Court provided a detailed analYSis of the termination ground listed at 23 

Pa. C.SA §2511 (a)(8) in the recent Case of In fa T. M. T., 64 A3d 1119 (Pa. Super. 2013). . . 

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that incarceration, while not a litmus test, 

I) can be determinative in a termination proceeding. Saa In ra Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817 (Pa. 

2012). Each termination of parental rights caSe involving an incarcerated parentmusl be 

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evaluated on its own facts, bearing in mind thaUhe child's needs for consistent parental care 

and stability cannot be put aside or put on hold simply because the parent is doing what he is 

supposed to do in prison. See In re E.A.P" 944 A.2d 79 (Pa. Super. 2008). Incarceration does 

not relieve a parent of the duty to exercise reasonable firmness in maintaining a secure bond 

with the child. In the Interest of AP., 693 A2d 240 (Pa. Super. 1997). In termination of 

parental rights cases involving an incarcerated parent, a parent's basic constitutional right to the 

custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill parental duties, to the 

child's right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, 

healthy, safe environment; moreover, the parent wishing to reestablish her parental 

responsibilities bears the burden of proof relative to post-abandonment contact. See f!l.@. 

C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999 (Pa. Super. 2008), When a parent is incarcerated, the focus in 

termination of parental rights action is on whether the parent utilized resources available while in 

prison to maintain a relationship with his child. In re B.N.M., 856 A2d 847 (Pa. Super. 2004). 

In a case where the incarcerated parent wrote leiters, fOlWarded some chil,d support, and 

)) sent gifts to the child, the Court found that these actions did not Indicate a serious intent to recultivate a parent-child relationship and a willingness and capacity to undertake a parental role, 

and thus termination WaS appropriate. See ~ In re O.J.S., 737 A.2d 283 (Pa. Super. 1999). 

The Court also found that the natura! father in that case failed to utilize given resources and to 

take an affirmative approach to fulfill his parental duties and failed to follow through on inquires 

with prison offiCials and county social workers. ~ Id. 

DiscussiOn: 

As to Natural Father the decision reached has not been done so lightly. Natural Father 

indicates a willingness and a desire to reunify with his children. In addition, his children express 

a desire to reunify with him. He is appropriate with them during visits, and consistently strives to 

be a presence in their lives despite his incarceration. The caseworker testified that he does 

'everything he can' while incarcerated. Clearly we have a father Who is striving to be a parent, 

,desp~e being noticeably absent from the lives of his children. 

However, Father has been incarcerated fO~ over three years. His maximum sentence 

Ii dattil is June 2014. He was not granted parole despite his requests IiInd application for It. As 

noted above, the Court will not pula child's life on hold and await a parent who is fil, willing, and 

9 

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)) 

Circulated 11/24/201402:08 PM 

able. Father would most likely n'o! be fit and willing to provide care and control upon his release. 

As this Court is very familiar with the process by which released ex-convicts attempt to reintegrate and the hardships associated therewith, this Court is unwilling to force the children to 

wait any longer. Father is entirely appropriate with them, and It is likely that he loves them 

greatly, as they do him. However, this Court is encouraged by the prospect of adoption by the 

paternal grandfather and his step-daughter of the children. This kinship penmanent placement 

. will pe rmit, albeit on Father's initiative only, continued contact between the children and their 

natural father. The fact that the words 'termination' and "adoption' imply permanence and 

suggest a severance from a relationship with a natural parent has little effect in this case. This 

Court will not turn a blind eye to the praCtical considerations of the children's age and the fact 

that they acknowledge and love their father, There will be continued contact with the Natural 

Father and the children, and it will likely occur without this Court's Intervention. Knowing, as we 

do, that that will be an easier process as the Children are placed with kin makes this Court's 

decision that much more bearable. 

As to the Natural Mother, the' Court found aggravated circumstances as to her lack of 

)) involvement during the dependency case. It is severely disheartening to associate this situation 

with an absence of over six (6) months. This Court cannot fathom the tack of a desire to contact 

the chitdren during that time. It, coupled with the troubling tranSiency, causes this Court to find 

that termination would certainly suit the best interests of the childref) as to Natural Molher. In 

addition, by virtue of the finding of aggravated Circumstances, the natural mother has satisfied 

the statutory provisions which allow for termination when: there has been no contact between 

the parent and the child for a period of six (6) months; the conditions which led to placement 

continue to exist (lack of permanent living arrangements) and the fact that Mother has eXhibited 

little interest in parenting her children until the. eleventh hour. 

)) 

Conclusion 

This Court hereby concludes that termination of the. parental rights of both the Natural 

Father and the Natural Mother as to the minor children is required by the statutory provisions 

governing the same and would. undOUbtedly serve the children's best interests. 

BY THE COURT: 

Wm. Harvey Wiest, Judge 

10 

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) 

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

OF NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA 

-., .z:-

c.r~: ~ c::", 

IN RE: ADOPTION OF 

A.R. a minor child 

2: 0 ::0 OJ> N 

ORPHAN'S COURT DM~ON\D :-<c-J > 

-0 ::x 

ADOPTEE # 46 of 201 ~g 'R 

CI 1'0 

W 

OPINION PURSUANT TO Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) 

Factual and Procedural Background 

The family in the above-captioned case became involved with Northumberland County 

Children and Youth services in April of 2007, after allegations of an unsupervised child 

wandering around in the city of Sunbury. The matter was referred for a safety plan assessment, 

a plan was approved and the case was closed. 

General Protective Services (GPS) became involved with the family again in 2010 

responding to allegations of domestic violence, poor home conditions 1

, and the possibility that 

the family would be evicted from their apartment. After the natural mother made new 

arrangements for a residence and successfully scheduled doctors' appointments for the 

children, the case was again closed . 

. More GPS referrals were received in late 2010 into early 2011 regarding the family's lack 

of basic utilities, natural mother's drug use, domestic violence, and potential eviction. There 

were also allegations of various unidentified individuals who frequented the home2

• After 

investigation, the home was found to be without hot water and the natural mother admitted to 

having smoked marijuana. The family continued to remain involved with tile GPS division of the 

Northumberland County Children and Youth Services, during their involvement through 

February 2011, the family struggled with domestiC violence, truancy, lack ()f employment, 

danger of evictions, and related drug use. On February 18th 2011, the natural mother signed a 

Voluntary Entrustment Agreement, placing her children (including the abov'e-captioned child) in 

1 SpeCifically, it was alleged that one minor child had several "flea bites." 

2 The Dependency petition in the case suggested that there Were a "lot of 'Puerto Ricans' in an out of the home at 

all hours of the day and night." 

1 

37 
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the care and custody of Northumberland County Children and Youfh Services who, in turn, 

placed the children in the home of the paternal grandparents, William and Theolo Rivera. 

The child was adjudicated Dependent on March 23'd 2011. The child was placed in 

foster care by the Agency. However, the placement was actually in the kinship home of IHT 

T~3. 

On June 23m 2013, Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (the Agency) 

filed a Motion for a Finding of Aggravated Circumstances alleging aggravated circumstances 

against the natural mother in that, while her identity or whereabouts were known, she failed to 

maintain substantial and continuing contact with the child for a period of six months. 

On July 17th 2013, the Court found by clear and convincing evidence that the aggravated 

circumstance alleged existed as against the natural mother. The Court further ordered that NO 

efforts at reunification between the child and the Natural Mother need be made. 

Consistent throughout the review period, that is the time during which the children were 

in care, the parents maintained little progress and efforts. Natural father was incarcerated (and 

continues to be) during the entire time period in which his children were in the Agency's 

custody. During his time of incarceration, the Natural father provided no documentation of any 

services, programs, or activities he was engaged in or completed. He did communicate with the 

children through leiters. Natural mother, while ordered to participate in parenting classes, find 

gainful employment, and obtain housing, was minimally compliant. During the early part of the 

case, Natural Mother had visitation with the children, but from approximately mid-Summer of 

2012 until sometime in early spring of 2013, she had no contact with the Agency and, to the 

Court's knowledge, did not contact the children. 

On August 14th 2013, the Agency filed a Petition to Involuntarily Terminate the Parental 

Rights of Natural Mother and Natural Father. The children had spent thirty-six (36) months in 

the care and custody of the Agency, albeit in the home of their paternal grandmother and 

grandfather. 

'The Order of Adjudication and Disposition indicates that placement was in Foster Care. The initial permanency 

review order indicated "Foster Care - Kinship,'I. 

2 

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On January 16th 2014, the Natural Mother filed a motion requesting the Court to direct 

the Agency to make a referral for a homestudy through the Interstate Compact. The homestudy 

would presumably have been performed on the maternal grandmother, who resided in New 

York. The Court denied the same. 

On February 21 st 2014 at the Termination Proceeding, the Natural Mother moved, in 

open court and on the record, for the relief requested in the motion. The Court denied the 

same, holding that the. matter was better raised in proceedings before Dependency Court. 

During the period of time in which the children were in care, the Natural Father, Nicolas 

Rivera, was incarcerated. During his incarceration, he wrote several letters which were 

received and reviewed by the caseworkers at the Agency, the caseworkers testified that they 

had written him back concerning the children. The Agency provided him with a copy of the 

Child's Permanency Plan, and never received any indication that the Natural Father did not 

understand or questioned the plan. Natural Father did sign the same on February 16th 2012. 

The caseworker testified that as of April 2011, Natural Father was not engaged in any 

services. However, as of April 2013, the Natural father was "taking as many classes that w[ere1 

offered at SCI-Dallas. Due to each facility being different, they do not - they do not have the 

same things in .each prison.' See Transcript of Proceedings, February 21st 2014, pg 14. While 

in prison, Natural Father had regular visitation with the children. The children were transported 

by their grandmother, the kinship-foster parent. Natural Father was "very appropriate' during 

visitation with the children. See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 26. He 

sent the children pictures and letters, and kept in regular contact with the children. In some 

lengthy discussion, the caseworker was cross examined on the availability of services for the 

Natural Father while he was incarcerated. Specifically: 

"Q: All right. Without looking at any orders, you don't know what you can say 

what he was court ordered to do, to participate in. Is that a fair 

statement? 

A: That is fair. And due to being incarcerated, like I said earlier, not each 

facility has the same things. And it's tough for us to even know what is in 

each one because it" changes from place to place or even month to 

month. So I think that was, in turn, why it was not spelled out as specific 

and said that when he would be released, he would need to let us know 

3 

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specifically when he was out to become active with the full plan of what 

he needed to do." 

See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21s1 2014, pg 28-9. 

Natural Father's maximum sentence date was June 13th 2014. According to the 

caseworker, the Natural Father was up for parole several times in during the three years the 

children were in placement, he was denied each time. The caseworker testified that it was her 

belief that he was denied by virtue of his behavior in prison. During the letter correspondence 

between the Natural Father and the caseworker, the Natural Father communicated his desire to 

be there for his children and his strong desire that the children not be adopted. The caseworker 

testified that she received letters from the Natural Father approximately monthly. She also. 

testified that during 'her supervision of the visitation between the Natural Father and the children, 

Natural Father was entirely appropriate with the children, and the children were excited to see 

their father. Natural Father would mail some minor artwork, portraits, and other small gifts and 

keepsakes to the children whenever he could acquire the same. 

) The Natural Mother suffered from issues pertaining to domestic disputes and consistent 

transiency. What appears to be most disturbing is that Natural Mother apparently disappeared 

for some time and was unreachable by the Agency. Mother maintained limited visitation with 

her children. Specifically, between August of 2011 and Christmas of 2012, Natural Mother had 

no visits with her children. Regarding Mother's transiency, she lived in several towns and cities 

in Pennsylvania, and then moved to New York and New Jersey all during the time period that 

the children were in care. Mother made a great case at the termination hearing on February 

21 st 2014 regarding the fitness and availability of maternal grandmother as a resource home for 

the children. During the time of her request, Mother lived with the maternal grandmother in New 

York. Apparently, Mother had requested that the Agency permit the children to live with her in 

New York several times prior to Court on February 21 st 2014. 

Throughout the three years in placement, the kinship-foster family has provided for the 

needs of the children. An example of the level of devotion to the continued permanence of the 

Children, is the fact that at the onset of placement, the youngest child was significantly behind in 

his immunization records, the grandmother successfully got him up to date. In her testimony, 

the grandmother testified as follows: 

4 

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A. Well, taking care of the four children, it requires 110 percent of me. So 

whether it's schOOl, doctor's appointments, dentist appointment. Three of the 

children - well, four of them were in counseling. Three of them now remain in 

counseling, which is sometimes weekly, every other week. Numerous 

appointments, basketball game. We lost this one. But basketball games, 

events, activities. You know, to me, I can - that's a full-time job basically. 

See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 57. 

At another juncture in the case, the grandmother proffered testimony that was very 

indicative of the effects on ALL children of removal from the home. 

Q: ... what were they like when they first came to live with you three years 

ago? 

A: I - I think -I guess I would say they were a little afraid. They always kind 

of stayed together. Like they kind of needed each other. They was very 

interwoven with one another. They always kind of always kept a bag kind 

of packed not knowing what was going to happen and stuff and, you 

know, just always concerned about what's for dessert, what we're going 

to eat, you know, and different things like that. 

So I think in the beginning, they might have been a little bit afraid, 

not sure. You know, but they felt happy to be with us because here and 

now we were getting things that were consistent and structure and 

attention, and - you know, soSee Transcript from Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 58-9. 

Of note, at the termination proceeding, the permanency caseworker testified as follows 

regarding the oldest child: 

"A.R. was not very open with me, at that time. She was very upset about being 

in the foster care system. It took a while. She grew and opened up, and now she's actually on 

a good working relationship with me to a point where she;1I discuss things. She is very 

comfortable in the home. She's actually told me she has come to a means of understanding 

that they just need to find somewhere to be, 'and she's fine with everything that the agency has 

been trying to do for her." See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21st 2014, pg. 22. 

5 

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The Agency had discerned that the kinship-foster family was willing to be permanent 

resources for two of the four children, the daughter of the grandmother', was willing to be a 

permanent resource for two of the children. The kinship-foster family and the daughter's family 

lived a reasonable distance from each other, which would facilitate continued contact and 

interaction between the children and their siblings: 

In discussion with the children regarding the suggested permanency options, the 

grandmother characterized their relative reactions: 

A All different reactions. [AR.] just wants to be finished with Children and 

Youth. Adopt me. Do whatever you got to do. I just want to be finished. 

[E.R] pretty much goes along with [AR]. She has been the mother for them 

when there wasn't really wasn't a mother figure there. So [AR] kind of feels 

like the three boys are her children. And I try to tell her, I'm the mother. One 

queen in the castle. It would be me. So she - they listen to her because 

that's who they're accustomed to. So [E.R] will do what [AR] kind of say. 

They've been trained that way. 

Whereas, the two younger ones - [AM.] is pretty independent. He's excited. 

He wants to go with [grandmother's daughter]. He wants to be with her. 

[I.R.] is just totally different. He's a little bit - he's not sure. They said we're 

going to mommy, they say we're going here, and he just kind of goes along 

with the crowd because of his age, Iwould say. 

The grandmother testified that she believed that the children were "bonded" to the 

natural father, however, she testified that she believed that the children would not suffer 

irreparable harm from a severing of that bond. 

The Court entered final orders of termination following the hearing, both parents appeal. 

Rule of Law 

• The grandmother is actually t~e.step-grandmother for the children, as she is married to the paternal grandfather. 

The step-grandmothers daughfeiY.. . g .. ' is the other permanent resource. She is not biological family, 

however, she has visited with the kinship-foster family at every holiday and the children are very familiar with the 

daughter's family. As such, it is this Court's opinion that the daughter's family is within the definition of a "kinship" 

placement. 

6 

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The grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights are set forth in section 2511 of 

title 23 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes. Specifically sections (a)(1); (a)(2); (a)(5); 

and (a)(8) appear substantially as follOWS: 

23 Pa.C.SA §2511 (a) 

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months immediately 

preceding the filing of the petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing 

parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties. 

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of the parent has 

caused the child to be without essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his 

physical or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or 

refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent. 

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at least six months, the conditions which led 

to the·removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will riot remedy 

those conditions within a reasonable period of time, the services or assistance reasonably 

available to the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or 

placement of the child within a reasonable period of time and termination of the parental rights 

would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of removal 

or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist 

and termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

See 23 Pa C.SA §2511. 

Subsection (b) of the statute provides that: the court in terminating the rights of a parent 

shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and 

welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of 

7 

43 
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) 

environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical 

care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to 

subsection (a)(l), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the 

conditions described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition. 

The term 'needs and welfare" is a legal concept that 'denotes certain minimum 

requirements that all children are entitled to-adequate housing, clothing, food and love." In Re 

Coast, 561 A.2d 762, 770 (Pa Super. 1989); In re Adoption of Michael J.C., 473 A.2d 1021, 

1029 (Pa. Super. 1984). "Thus, needs and welfare has both a tangible dimension, food, clothing 

and shelter, and an intangible dimension, parental love. ' In re P.A.B., 570 A.2d 522, 525 (Pa. 

Super 1990); In re J. W., 578 A.2d 952, 957 (Pa. Super. 1990). "It is universally agreed that the 

bond of *539 parental affection is unique and irreplaceable. When parents act in accordance 

with the natural bonds of parental affection, preservation of the parent-child bond is prima-facie 

in the best interest of the child and the state has no justification to terminate that bond." In re 

J. W, 578 A.2d at 958. 'If, as here, ties with natural parents are present and are an active force 

in the child's life, then needs and welfare becomes a concept that argues against termination, 

rather than fosters it." In re P.A.B., 570 A.2d at 525. Moreover, pursuant to section 2511 (a)(5), 

a court 'must examine the status of the natural parental bond to consider whether terminating 

the natural parents' rights would destroy something in existence that is necessary and 

beneficial." Id. 

Subsection (a)(8) sets a 12-month time frame for a parent to remedy the conditions 

which led to placement. Once the twelve month period has been established, the court must 

next determine whether the conditions which led to the child's placement continue to exist, 

despite the reasonable and good faith efforts of the Agency, supplied over a realistic timeframe. 

In order to terminate under section 2511 (a)(8), the Court is not required to evaluate a parent's 

current willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that initially caused placement or the 

availability or efficacy of potential services. See In re K.z. S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 

2008). The Superior Court provided a detailed analysis of the termination ground listed at 23 

Pa. C.SA §2511(a)(8) in the recent case of In re T. M. T., 64 A.3d 1119 (Pa. Super. 2013). 

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that incarceration, while not a litmus test, 

can be determinative in a termination proceeding. See In reAdoption ofSP., 47 A.3d 817 (Pa. 

2012). Each termination of parental rights case involving an incarcerated parent must be 

8 

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evaluated on its own facts, bearing in mind that the child's needs for consistent parental care 

and stability cannot be put aside or put on hold simply because the parent is doing what he is 

supposed to doin prison. See In re EA.P., 944 A.2d 79 (Pa. Super. 2008). Incarceration does 

not relieve a parent of the duty to exercise reasonable firmness in maintaining a secure bond 

with the child. In the Interest of A.P., 693 A.2d 240 (Pa. Super. 1997). In termination of 

parental rights cases involving an incarcerated parent, a parent's basic constitutional right to the 

custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill parental duties, to the 

child's right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, 

healthy, safe environment; moreover, the parent wishing to reestablish her parental 

responsibilities bears the burden of proof relative to post-abandonment contact. See In re 

C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999 (Pa. Super. 2008). When a parent is incarcerated, the focus in 

termination of parental rights action is on whether the parent utilized resources available while in 

prison to maintain a relationship with his child. In re B.N.M., 856 A.2d 847 (Pa. Super. 2004). 

In a case where the incarcerated parent wrote letters, forwarded some child support, and 

sent gifts to the child, the Court found that these actions did not indicate a serious intent to reCUltivate a parent-child relationship and a willingness and capacity to undertake a parental role, 

and thus termination was appropriate. See M"ln ie O.J.S., 737 A.2d 283 CPa. Super. 1999). 

The Court also found that the natural father in that case failed to utilize given resources and to 

take an affirmative approach to fulfill his parental duties and failed to follow through on inquires 

with prison officials and county social workers. See Id. 

Discussion: 

As to Natural Father the decision reached has not been done so lightly. Natural Father 

indicates a willingness and a desire to reunify with his children. In addition, his children express 

a desire to reunify with him. He is appropriate with them during visits, and consistently strives to 

be a presence in their lives despite his incarceration. The caseworker testified that he does 

"everything he can" while incarcerated. Clearly we have a father who is striving to be a parent, 

despite being noticeably absent from the lives of his children. 

However, Father has been incarcerated for over three years. His maximum sentence 

date is June 2014. He was not granted parole despite his requests and application for it. As 

noted above, the Court will not put a child's life on hold and await a parent who is fit, willing, and 

9 

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- able. Father would most likely not be fit and willing to provide care and control upon his release. 

As this Court is very familiar with the process by which released ex-convicts attempt to reintegrate and the hardships associated therewith, this Court is unwilling to force the children to 

wait any longer. Father is entirely appropriate with them, and it is likely that he loves them 

greatly, as they do him. However, this Court is encouraged by the prospect of adoption by the 

paternal grandfather and his step-daughter of the children. This kinship permanent placernent 

will permit, albeit on Father's initiative only, continued contact between the children and their 

natural father. The fact that the words "termination" and "adoption" imply permanence and 

suggest a severance from a relationship with a natural parent has little effect in this case. This 

Court will not turn a blind eye to the practical considerations of the children's age and the fact 

that they acknowledge and love their father. There will be continued contact with the Natural 

F ather and the children, and it will likely occur without this Court's intervention. Knowing, as we 

do, that that will be an easier process as the children are placed with kin makes this Court's 

decision that much more bearable. 

As to the Natural Mother, the Court found aggravated circumstances as to her lack of 

involvement during the dependency case. It is severely disheartening to associate this situation 

with an absence of over six (6) months. This Court cannot fathom the lack of a desire to contact 

the children during that time: It, coupled with the troubling transiency, causes this Court to find 

that termination would certainly suit the best interests of the children as to Natural Mother. In 

addition, by virtue of the finding of aggravated circumstances, the natural mother has satisfied 

the statutory provisions Which aI/ow for termination when: there has been no contact between 

the parent and the child for a period of six (6) months; the conditions which led to placement 

continue to exist (Jack of permanent living arrangements) and the fact that Mother has exhibited 

little interest in parenting her children until the eleventh hour. 

Conclusion 

This Court hereby concludes that termination of the. parental rights of both the Natural 

Father and the Natural Mother as to the minor children is required by the statutory prOVisions 

governing the same and would, undoubtedly serve the children's best interests. 

BY THE COURT: 

\_,'Gl~ 

Wm. Harvey Wiest, Judge 

10 

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IN RE: ADOPTION OF 

IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

OF NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA 

:%.~ CO:::o 

crn 

:;On 

-;< C) 

-0:::0 

;po rn 

I.R. a minor child ORPHAN'S COURT DIVISIOO 

ADOPTEE # 47 of 2013 

OPINION PURSUANT TO Pa.RAP. 1925(a) 

Factual and Procedural Background 

1'0 

W 

The family in the above-captioned case became involved with Northumberland County 

Children and Youth services in April of 2007, after allegations of an unsupervised child 

wandering around in the city of Sunbury. The matter was referred for a safety plan assessment, 

a plan was approved and the case was closed. 

General Protective Services (GPS) became involved with the family again in 2010 

responding to allegations of domestic violence, poor home conditions I, and the possibility that 

the family would be evicted from their apartment. After the natural mother made new 

arrangements for a residence and successfully scheduled doctors' appointments for the 

) children, the case was again closed. 

More GPS referrals were received in late 2010 into early 2011 regarding the family's lack 

of basic utilities, natural mother's drug use, domestic violence, and potential eviction. There 

were also allegations of various unidentified individuals who frequented the home2

• After 

investigation, the home was found to be without hot water and the natural mother admitted to 

having smoked marijuana. The family continued to remain involved with the GPS division of the 

Northumberland County Children and Youth Services, during their involvement through 

February 2011, the family struggled with domestic violence, truancy, lack of employment, 

danger of evictions, and related drug use. On February 18th 2011; the natural mother signed a 

Voluntary Entrustment Agreement, placing her children (including the above-captioned child) in 

1 Specifically, it was alleged that one minor child had several "flea bites." 

2 The Dependency petition in the case suggested that there were a "lot of 'Puerto Ricans' in an out of the home at 

all hours of the day and night." 

1 
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the care and custody of Northumberland County Children and Youth Services who, in turn, 

placed the children in the home of the paternal grandparents, ~and T_ R'" 

The child was adjudicated Dependent on March 23,d 2011. The child was placed in 

foster care by the Agency. However, the placement was actually in the kinship home of 'IIT II .. 

___ 3 iJvl1 'P-. 

On June 23rd 2013, Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (the Agency) 

filed a Motion for a Finding of Aggravated Circumstances alleging aggravated circumstances 

against the natural mother in that, while her identity or whereabouts were known, she failed to 

maintain substantial and continuing contact with the child for a period of six months. 

On July 17th 2013, the Court found by clear and conVincing evidence that the aggravated 

circumstance alleged existed as against the natural mother. The Court further ordered that NO 

efforts at reunification between the child and the Natural Mother need be made. 

Consistent throughout the review period, that is the time du~ing which the children were 

in care, the parents maintained little progress and efforts. Natural father was incarcerated (and 

continues to be) during the entire time period in which his children were in the Agency's 

custody. During his time of incarceration, the Natural father provided no documentation of any 

services, programs, or activities he was ehgaged in or completed. He did communicate with the 

children through letters. Natural mother, while ordered to participate in parenting classes, find 

gainful employment, and obtain housing, was minimally compliant. During the early part of the 

case, Natural Mother had visitation with the children, but from approximately mid-Summer of 

2012 until sometime in early spring of 2013, she had no contact with the Agency and, to the 

Court's knowledge, did not contact the children. 

On August 14th 2013, the Agency filed a Petition to Involuntarily Terminate the Parental 

Rights of Natural Mother and Natural Father. The children had speni thirty-six (36) months in 

the care and custody of the Agency, albeit in the home of their paternal grandmother and 

grandfather, 

3 The Order of Adjudication and Disposition indicates that placement was in Foster Care, The Initial permanency 

review order indicated flFoster Care - Kinship.'1 

2 

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On January 16th 2014, the Natural Mother filed a motion req~esting the Court to direct 

the Agency to make a referral for a home study through the Interstate Compact. The homestudy 

would presumably have been performed on the maternal grandmother, who resided in New 

York. The Court denied the same. 

, OI1>February 21't 2014 at the Termination Proceeding, the Natural Mother moved, in 

open court and on the record, for the relief requested in the motion. The Court denied the 

same, holding that the matter was better raised in proceedings before Dependency Court. 

During the period of time in which the children were in care, the Natural Father"'SIIi· •• ",, AJ ~ 

~was incarcerated. During his incarceration, he wrote several letters which were 

received and reviewed by the caseworkers at the Agency, the caseworkers testified that they 

had written him back concerning the children. The Agency provided him with a copy of the 

Child's Permanency Plan, and never received any indication that the Natural Father did not 

understand or questioned the plan. Natural Father did sign the same on February 16th 2012. 

The caseworker testified thaI as of April 2011, Natural Father was not engaged in any 

services. However, as of April 20'13, the Natural father was "taking as many classes that w[ere] 

offe"red at SCI-Dallas. Due to eachfacilily being different, they do not - they do not have the 

same things in each prison: See Transcript of Proceedings. February 21st 2014, pg 14. While 

in prison, Natural Father had regular visitation with the children. The children were transported 

by their grandmother, the kinShip-foster parent. Natural Father was "very appropriate' during 

visitation with the children. See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 26. He 

sent the children pictures and letters, and kept in regular contact with the children. In some 

lengthy discussion, the caseworker was cross examined on the availability of services for the 

Natural Father while he was incarcerated. Specifically: 

"Q: All right. Without looking at any orders, you don't know what you can say 

what he was court ordered to do, to participate in. Is that a fair 

statement? 

A: That is fair. And due to being incarcerated, like I said earlier, not each 

facility has the same things. And it's tough for us to even know what is in 

each one because it changes from place to place or even month to 

month. So I think that was, in turn, why it was not spelled out as specific 

and said that when he would be released, he wO'uld need to Ie! us know 

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specifically when he was out to become active with the full plan of what 

he needed to do." 

See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21'1 2014, pg 28-9. 

Natural Father's maximum sentence date was June 1310 2014. According to the 

caseworker, the Natural Father was up for parole several times in during the three years the 

children were in placement, he was denied each time. The caseworkertestifjed that it was her 

belief that he was denied by virtue of his behavior in prison. During the letter correspondence 

between the Natural Father and the caseworker, the Natural Father communicated his desire to 

be there for his children and his strong desire that the children not be adopted. The caseworker 

testified that she received letters from the Natural Father approximately monthly. She also 

testified that during her supervision of the visitation between the Natural Father and the children, 

Natural Father was entirely appropriate with the children, and the children were excited to see 

their father. Natural Father would mail some minor artwork, portraits, and other small gifts and 

keepsakes to the children whenever he could acquire the same. 

The Natural Moiher suffered from issues pertaining to domestic disputes and consistent 

transiency~ What appears to be most disturbing is that Natural Mother apparently disappeared 

for some time and was unreachable by the Agency. Mother maintained limited visitation with 

her children. Specifically. between August of 2011 and Christmas of 2012, Natural Mother had 

no visits with her children. Regarding Mother's tranSiency, she lived in several towns and cities 

in Pennsylvania, and then moved to New York and New Jersey all during the time period that 

the children were in care. Mother made a great case at the termination hearing on February 

21" 2014 regarding the fitness and availability of maternal grandmother as a resource home for 

the children. During the time of her request, Mother lived with the maternal grandmother in New 

York. Apparently, Mother had requested that the Agency permit the children to live with her in 

New York several times prior to Court on February 21" 2014. 

Throughout the three years in placement, the kinShip-foster family has provided for the 

needs of the children. An example of the level of devotion to the continued permanence of the 

children, is the fact that at the onset of placement, the.youngest child was significantly behind in 

his immunization records, the grandmother successfully got him up to date. In her testimony, 

the grandmother testified as follows: 

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A. Well, taking care of the four children, it requires 110 percent of me. So 

whether ii's school, doctor's appointments, dentist appointment. Three of the 

children - well, four of them were in counseling. Three of them now remain in 

counseling, which is sometimes weekly, every other week. Numerous 

appointments, basketball game. We lost this one. But basketball games, 

events, activities. You know, to me, I can - that's a full-time job basically. 

See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21 st 2014, pg 57. 

At another juncture in the case, the grandmother proffered testimony that was very 

indicative of the effects on ALL children of removal from the home. 

Q: ... what were they like when they first came to live with you three years 

ago? 

A: I - I think - I guess I would say they were a little afraid. They always kind 

of stayed together. Like they kind of needed each other. They was very 

interwov.en with one another. They always kind of always kept a bag kind .. 

of packed not knowing what was going to happen and stuff and, you 

know, just always concerned about what's for.dessert, what we're going 

to eat, you know, and different things like that. 

So I think in the beginning, they might have been a little bit afraid, 

not sure. You know, but they felt happy to be with us because here and 

now we were getting things that were consistent and structure and 

attention, and - you know, soSee Transcript from Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 58-9. 

Of note, at the termination proceeding, the permanency caseworker testified as follows 

regarding the oldest child: 

"A.R. was not very open with me, at that time. She was very upset about being 

in the foster care system. It took a while. She grew and opened up, and now she's actually on 

a good working relationship with me to a point where she'll discuss things. She is very 

comfortable in the home. She's actually told me she has come to a means of understanding 

that they just need to find somewhere to be, and she's fine with everything that the agency has 

been trying to do for her." See Transcript of Proceedings from February 21st 2014, pg. 22. 

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The Agency had discerned that the kinship-foster family was willing to be permanent 

resources for two of the four children, the daughter of the grandmother4

, was willing to be a 

permanent resource for two of the children. The kinship-foster family and the daughter's family 

lived a reasonable distance from each other, which would facilitate continued contact and 

interaction between the children and their siblings. 

In discussion with the children regarding the suggested permanency options, the 

grandmother characterized their relative reactions: 

A All different reactions. [AR] just wants to be finished with Children and 

Youth. Adopt me. Do whatever you got to do. I just want to be finished. 

[E.R] pretty much goes along with [AR.]. She has been the mother for them 

when there wasn't really wasn't a mother figure there. So [AR.] kind of feels 

like the three boys are her children. And I try to tell her, I'm the mother. One 

queen in the castle. It would be me. So she - they listen to her because 

that's who they're accustomed to. So [E.R.] will do what [AR.] kind of say. 

They've been trained that way. 

Whereas, the two younger ones - [AM.] is pretty independent. He's excited. 

He wants to go with [grandmother's daughter]. He wants to be with her. 

[I.R] is just totally different. He's a little bit - he's not sure. They said we're 

going to mommy, they say we're going here, and he just kind of goes along 

with the crowd because of his age, I would say. 

The grandmother testified that she believed that the children were "bonded" to the 

natural father, however, she testified that she believed that the children would not suffer 

irreparable harm from a severing of that bond. 

The Court entered final orders of termination following the hearing, both parents appeal. 

Rule of Law 

~~::t~:_:~:~t~::~se;:t~:'~~~~/ftep-g;nd_mot;~: ::et:;h~~i:::~~:~~~~:o:~~:.e~~: :;~:ta~~;~~i::~~~:;er. • & 

however, she has visited with the kinShip-foster family at every holiday and the children are very familiarwith the 

daughter's family. As such, it is this Court's opinion that the daughter's family is within the definition of a "kinship" 

placement. 

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The grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights are set forth in section 2511 of 

title 23 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes. Specifically sections (a)(1); (a)(2); (a)(5); 

and (a){S) appear substantially as follows: 

23 Pa.C.SA §2511 (a) 

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months immediately 

preceding the filing of the petition either has evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing 

parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties. 

(2) The repeated and continued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of the parent has 

caused the child to be without essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his 

physical or mental well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or 

refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent. 

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at least six months, the conditions which led 

to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will not remedy 

those conditions within a reasonable period of time; the services or assistance reasonably 

available to the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or 

placement of the child within a reasonable period of time and tennination of the parental rights 

would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of removal 

or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist 

and termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the child. 

See 23 Pa C.SA §2511. 

Subsection (b) of the statute provides that: the court.in terminating the rights of a parent 

shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and 

welfare of the child. The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of 

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) 

environmental factors such as inadequate housing, furnishings, income, clothing and medical. 

care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petitiOn filed pursuant to 

subsection(a)(l), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the 

conditions described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition. 

The term "needs and welfare" is a legal concept that "denotes certain minimum 

requirements that all children are entitled to-adequate housing, clothing, food and love: In Re 

Coast, 561 A.2d 762,770 (Pa Super. 1989); In re Adoption of Michael J.e., 473 A.2d 1021, 

1029 (Pa. Super. 1984). "Thus, needs and welfare has both a tangible dimension, food, clothing 

and shelter, and an intangible dimension, parental love: In re P.A.B., 570 A.2d 522, 525 (Pa. 

Super 1 990); In ro J, W, 578 A.2d 952, 957 (Pa. Super. 1990). "It is universally agreed that the 

bond of '539 parental affection is unique and irreplaceable. When parents act in accordance 

with the natural bonds of parental affection, preservation of the parent-child bond is prima-facie 

in the best interest of the child and the state has no justification to terminate that bond: In re 

J. W, 578 A,2d at 958. "If, as here, ties with natural parents are present and are an active force 

in the child's life, then needs and welfare becomes a concept that argues against termination, 

rather than fosters it." In re PAB., 570 A.2d at 525. Moreover, pursuani to section 2511(a)(5), 

a court "must examihe the status of the natural parental bond to consider whether terminating 

the natural parents' rights would destroy something in existence that is necessary and 

beneficial." Id. 

Subsection (a)(8) sets a 12-month lime frame for a parent to remedy the conditions 

which led to placement Once the twelve month period has been established, the court must 

next determine whether the conditions which led to the child's placement continue to exist, 

despite the reasonable and good faith efforts of the Agency, supplied over a realistic timeframe. 

In order to terminate under section 2511 (a)(8), the Court is not required to evaluate a parent's 

current Willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that initially caused placement or the 

availability or efficacy of potential services. See In re K-Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 

2008). The Superior Court provided a detailed analysis of the termination ground listed at 23 

Pa. C.SA §2S11(a)(8) in the recent case of Inre T.M.T., 64A.3d 1119 (Pa. Super. 2013). 

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that incarceration, while not a litmus test, 

can be determinative in a termination proceeding. See In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817 (Pa. 

2012), Each termination of parental rights case involving an incarcerated parent must be 

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evaluated on its own facts, bearing in mind that the child's needs for consistent oarental care 

and stability cannot be put aside or puf on hold simply because the parent is doing what he is 

supposed to do in prison. See in fa EAP., 944 A.2d 79 (Pa. Super. 2008). Incarceration does 

not relieve a parent of the duty to exercise reasonable firmness in maintaining a secure bond 

with the child. In the interest of A.P., 693 A,2d 240 (Pa. Super. 1997). In termination of 

parental rights cases involving an incarcerated parent, a parent's basic constitutional right to the 

custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill parental duties, to the 

child's right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, 

healthy, safe environment; moreover, the parent wishing to reestablish her parental 

responsibilities bears the burden of proof relative to post-abandonment contact. See l!J...@. 

CLG., 956 A.2d 999 (pa. Super. 2008). When a parent is incarcerated, the focus in 

termination of parental rights action is on whether the parent utilized resources available while in 

prison to maintain a relationship with his child. In re B.N.M., 856 A.2d 847 (Pa. Super. 2004). 

In a case where the incarcerated parent wrote letters, forwarded some child support, and 

sent gifts to the child, the Court found that these actions did not indicate a serious intent to recultivate a parent-child relationship and a willingness and capacity to undertake a parental role; 

and thus termination was appropriate. See!Mk. In re D.J. S., 737 A,2d 283 (Pa. Super. 1999). 

The Court also found that the natural father in that case failed to utilize given resources and to 

take an affirmative approach to fulfill his parental duties and failed to follow through on inquires 

with prison officials and county social workers. See Id. 

Discussion: 

As to Natural Father the decision reached has not been done so lightly. Natural Father 

indicates a willingness and a desire to reunify. with his children. In addition, his children express 

a desire to reunify with him. He is appropriate with them during visits, and consistently strives to 

be a presence in their lives despite his incarceration. The caseworker testified that he does 

"everything he can" while incarcerated. Clearly we have a father who is striving to be a parent, 

despite being noticeably absent from the lives of his children. 

However, Father has been incarcerated for over three years. His maximum sentence 

date is June 2014. He was not granted parole despite his requests and application for it. As 

noted above, the Court will not put a child's life on hold and await a parent who is fit, willing, and 

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able. Father would most likely not be fit and willing to provide care and control upon his release. 

As this Court is very familiar with the process by which released ex-convicts attempt to reintegrate and the hardships associated therewith, this Court is unwilling to force the children to 

wail any longer. Father is entirely appropriate with them, and it is likely that he loves them 

greatly, as they do him. However, this Court is encouraged by the prospect of adoption by the 

patemal grandfather and his step-daughter of the children. This kinship permanent placement 

wm permit, albeit on Father's initiative only, continued contact between the children and their 

natural father. The fact that the words "termination" and "adoption" imply permanence and 

suggest a severance from a relationship with a natural parent has little effect in this case. This 

Court wifJ not tum a blind eye to the practical considerations of the children's age and the fact 

that they acknowledge and love their father. There will be continued contact with the Natural 

Father and the children, and it wifJ likely occur without this Court's intervention. Knowing, as we 

do, that that will be an easier process as the children are placed with kin makes this Court's 

decision that much more bearable. 

As to the Natural Mother, the Court found aggravated circumstances as to her lack of 

involvement during the dependency case. It is severely disheartening to associate this situation 

with an absimce of over six (6) months. This Court cannot fathom the lack of a desire to contact 

the children during that time. It, coupled with the troubling tranSiency, causes this Court to find 

that termination would certainly suit the best interests of the children as to Natural Mother. In . 

addition, by virtue of the finding of aggravated circumstances, the natural mother has satisfied 

the statutory provisions which aJlow for termination when: there has been no contact between 

the parent and the child for a period of six (6) months; the conditions which led to placement 

continue to exist (lack of permanent living arrangements) and the fact that Mother has exhibited 

little interest in parenting her children until the eleventh hour. 

Conclusion 

This Court hereby concludes that termination of the parental rights of both the Natural 

Father and the Natural Mother as to the minOr children is required by the statutory provisions 

goveming the same and would, undoubtedly serve the children's best interests. 

BY THE COURT: 

Wm. Harvey Wiest, Judge 

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) 

-n ..cIN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

OF NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA 

Ul'- <:; c:: 1"1 :>:J z!2 N 

OJ:;o \D 

IN RE: ADOPTION OF 

A. M. a minor child 

C::fT( 

:;:0 

ORPHAN'S COURT DI~§1oN;: . -o:;C 

ADOPTEE # 48 of 201:r 8 ~ N 

OPINION PURSUANT TO Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) 

Factual and Procedural Background 

The family in the above-captioned case became involved with Northumberland County 

Children and Youth services in April of 2007, after allegations of an unsupervised child 

wandering around in the city of Sunbury. The matter was referred for a safety plan assessment, 

a plan was approved and the case was closed. 

General Protective Services (GPS) became involved with the family again in 2010 

responding to allegations of domestic violence, poor home conditions" and the possibility that 

the family would be evicted from their apartment. After the natural mother made new 

arrangements for a residence and successfully scheduled doctors' appointments for the 

children, the case was again closed. 

More GPS referrals were received in late 2010 into early 2011 regarding the family's lack 

of basic utilities, natural mother's drug use, domestic violence, and potential eviction. There 

were also allegations of various unidentified individuals who frequented the home2

. After 

investigation, the home was found to be without hot water and the natural mother admitted to 

having smoked marijuana. The family continued to remain involved with the GPS division of the 

Northumberland County Children and Youth Services, during their involvement through 

February 2011, the family struggled with domestic violence, truancy, lack of employment, 

danger of evictions, and related drug use. On February 18th 2011, the natural mother signed a 

Voluntary Entrustment Agreement, placing her children (including the above-captioned child) in 

I Specifically, it was alleged that one minor child had several "flea bites." 

2 The Dependency petition in the case suggested that there were a "lot of 'Puerto Ricans' in an out of the home at 

all hours of the day and night." 

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the care and custody of Northumberland County Children and Youth Services who, in turn, 

placed the children in the home of the paternal grandparents, ~ and T. RM 

The child was adjudicated Dependent on March 23rd 2011. The child was placed in 

foster care by the Agency. However, the placement was actually in the kinship home of I\4S •• ___ 3{)I1/!., 

On June 23rd 2013, Northumberland County Children and Youth Services (the Agency) 

filed a Motion for a Finding of Aggravated Circumstances alleging aggravated circumstances 

against the natural mother in that, while her identity or whereabouts were known, she failed to 

maintain substantial and continuing contact with the child for a period of six months. 

On July 17th 2013, the Court found by clear and convincing evidence that the aggravated 

circumstance alleged existed as against the natural mother. The Court further ordered that NO 

efforts at reunification between the child and the Natural Mother need be made. 

Consistent throughout the review period, that is the time during which the children were 

in care, the parents maintained little progress and efforts. Natural father was incarcerated (and 

continues to be) during the entire time period in which his children were in the Agency's 

custody. During his time of incarceration, the Natural father provided no documentation of any 

services, programs, or activities he was engaged in or completed. He did communicate with the 

children through letters. Natural mother, while ordered to participate in parenting classes, find 

gainful employment, and obtain housing, was minimally compliant. During the early part of the 

case, Natural Mother had visitation with the children, but from approximately mid-Summer of 

2012 until sometime in early spring of 2013, she had no contact with the Agency and, to the 

Court's knowledge, did not contact the children. 

On August 14th 2013, the Agency filed a Petition to Involuntarily Terminate the Parental 

Rights of Natural Mother and Natural Father. The children had spent thirty-six (36) months in 

the care and custody of the Agency, albeit in the home of their paternal grandmother and 

grandfather. 

'The Order of Adjudication and DispOSition indicates that placement was in Foster Care. The initial permanency 

review order indicated "Foster Care - Kinship." 

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On January 16th 2014, the Natural Mother filed a motion requesting the Court to direct 

the Agency to make a referral for a homestudy through the Interstate Compact. The homestudy 

would presumably have been performed on the maternal grandmother, who resided in New 

York. The Court denied the same. 

On February 21 st 2014 at the Termination Proceeding, the Natural Mother moved, in 

open court and on the record, for the relief requested in the motion. The Court denied the 

same, holding that the matter was better raised in proceedings before Dependency Court. 

During the period of time in which the children were in care, the Natural Father, Nicolas 

Rivera, was incarcerated. During his incarceration, he wrote several letters which were 

received and reviewed by the caseworkers at the Agency, the caseworkers testified that they 

had written him back concerning the children. The Agency provided him with a copy of the 

Child's Permanency Plan, and never received any indication that the Natural Father did not 

understand or questioned the plan. Natural Father did sign the same on February 16th 2012. 

The caseworker testified that as of April 2011, Natural Father was not engaged in any 

services. However, as of April 2013, the Natural father was "taking as many classes that w[ere] 

offered at SCI-Dallas. Due to each facility being different, they do not - they do not have the 

same things in each prison: See Transcript of Proceedings, February 21st 2014, pg 14. While 

in prison, Natural Father had regular visitation with the children. The children were transported 

by their grandmother, the kinship-foster parent. Natural Father was "very appropriate" during 

visitation with the children. See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21st 2014, pg 26. He 

sent the children pictures and letters, and kept in regular contact with the children. In some 

lengthy discussion, the caseworker was cross examined on the availability of services for the 

Natural Father while he was incarcerated. Specifically: 

"Q: All right. Without looking at any orders, you don't know what you can say 

what he was court ordered to do, to participate in. Is that a fair 

statement? 

A: That is fair. And due to being incarcerated, like I said earlier, not each 

facility has the same things. And it's tough for us to even know what is in 

each one because it changes from place to place or even month to 

month. So I think that was, in turn, why it was not spelled out as specific 

and said that when he would be released, he would need to let us know 

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specificaJly when he was out to become active with the full plan of what 

he needed to do: 

See Transcript of Proceedings from February 2'1& 2014, pg 28-9. 

Natural Father's maximum sentence "date was June 13th 2014. According to the 

caseworker, the Natural Father was up for parole several times in during the three years the 

children were in placement, he was denied each time. The caseworker testified that it was her 

belief that he was denied by virtue of his behavior in prison. During the letter correspondence 

between the Natural Father and the caseworker, the Natural Father communicated his desire to 

be there for his children and his strong desire that the children not be adopted. The caseworker 

testified that she received letters from the Natural Father approximately monthly. She also 

testified that during 'her supervision of the viSitation between the Natural Father and the children, 

Natural Father was entirely appropriate with the children, and the children were excited to see 

their father. Natural Father would mail some minor artwork, portraits, and other smaJi gifts and 

keepsakes to the children whenever he could acquire the same. 

The Natural Mother suffered from issues pertaining to domestiC disputes and consistent 

transiency. What appears to be most disturbing is that Natural Mother apparently disappeared 

for some time and was unreaChable by the Agency. Mother maintained limited visitation with 

her children. Specifically, between August of 2011 and Christmas of 2012, Natural Mother had 

no visits with her children. Regarding Mother's transiency, she lived in several towns and cities 

in Pennsylvania, and then moved to New York and New Jersey all during the time period that 

the Children were In care. Mother made a great case at the termination hearing on February 

21 st 2014 regarding the fitness and availability of maternal grandmother as a resource home for 

the Children. During the time of her request, Mother lived with the matemal grandmother in New 

York. Apparently, Mother had requested that the Agency permit the children to live with her in 

New York several times prior to Court on February 21 st 2014. 

Throughout the three years in placement, the kinShip-foster family has provided for the 

needs of the children. An example of lhe level of devotion to the continued permanence of the 

children, is the fact that at the onset of placement, the youngest child was significantly behind in 

his immunization records, the grandmother successfully got him up to date. In her testimony, 

the grandmother testified as follows: 

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A. Well, taking care of the four children, it requires 110 percent of me. So 

whether it's school, doctor's appointments, dentist appointment. Three of the 

children - well, four of them were in counseling. Three of them nOw remain in 

counseling, which is sometimes weekly, every other week. Numerous 

appointments, basketball game. We lost this one. But basketball games, 

events, activities. You know, to me, I can - that's a full-time job basically. 

See Transcript of Proceedings on February 21$' 2014, pg 57. 

At another juncture in the case, the grandmother proffered testimony that was very 

indicative of the effects on ALL children of removal from the home. 

Q: .,. what were they like when they first came to live with YOll three years 

ago? 

A: I - I think - I guess I would say they were a little afraid. They always kind 

of stayed together. Like they kind of needed each other. They was very 

interwoven with one another. They always kind of always kept a bag kind 

of packed not knowing what 'was going to happen and stuff and, you 

know, just always concerned about what's for dessert, what we're going 

to eat, you know, and different things like that. 

So I think in the beginning, they might have been a little bit afraid, 

not sure. You know, but they felt happy to be with us because here and 

now we were getting things that were consistent and structure and 

attention, and - you know, soSee TranSCript from Proceedings on February 2181 2014, pg 58-9. 

Of note, at the termination proceeding, the permanency caseworker testified as follows 

regarding the oldest child: 

"A.R. was not very open with me, at that time. She was very upset about being 

in the fOster care system. It took a while. She grew and opened up, and now she's actually on 

a good working relationship with me to a point where she'll discuss things. She is very 

comfortable in the home. She's actually told me she has come to a means of understanding 

that they just need to find somewhere to be, and she's fine with everything that the agency has 

been trying to do for her." See Transcript of Proceedings frQ[Tl February 21$1 2014, pg. 22. 

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The Agency had discerned that the kinship-foster family' was willing to be permanent 

resources for two of the four children, the daughter of the grandmother', was willing to be a 

permanent resource for two of the children. The kinship-foster family and the daughter's family . .' '" .. 

lived a reasonable distal')ce from each other, which would facilitate continued contact and 

interaction between the children and their siblings. 

In discussion with the children regarding the suggested permanency options, the 

grandmother characterized their relative reactions: 

A All different reactions. [A R.] just wants to be finished with Children and 

Youth. Adopt me. Do whatever you got to do. I just want to be finished. 

[E.R.] pretty much goes along with [AR.]. She has been the mother for them 

when there wasn't really wasn't a mother figure there. So [AR.] kind of feels 

like the three bOYS are her children. And I try to tell her, I'm the mother. One 

queen in the castle. It would be me .. So she - they listen to her because 

that's who they're accustomed to. So [E.R.] will do what [AR.] kind of say. 

They've been trained that way. . Whereas, the two younger ones -- [A.M.] is pretty independent. He's excited. 

He wants to go with [grandmother's daughter]. He wants to be with her. 

[I.R.] is just totally different. He's a little bit - he's not sure. They said we're 

going to. mommy, they say we're going here, and he just kind of goes along 

with the crowd because of his age., I would say. 

The grandmother testified that she believed that the children were "bonded" to the 

natural father, however, she testified that she believed that the children would not suffer . . . . 

irreparable harm from a severing of that bond. 

The Court entered fiilal orders pf termination following the hearing, both parents appeal. 

Rule of Law 

'The grandmother is act.lJally ~e .st.ep.-grandmother for the children, as she is married to the paternal grandfather. 

The step-grandmothers daugilt',,?I_ is ,"tlk) is the other permanent resource. She is not biological family, 

however, ·she has visited with the kinship-fo$t~r family at everY holiday and the child;en are verY familiar with the 

daughter's family. As sucil, itis til is Cowt's opiniMthat the daughter's family Is within the'definition <;,f a "kinship" 

placement. 

6 

'-'.' . 

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. The grounds forinvoluntary termination of parental rights are set forth in section 2511 of , 

title 23 oUhe Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, Specifically sections (a)O); (a)(2); (a)(5); 

and (a)(8) appear substantially as follows: 

23 Pa.C,SA §2511 (a) 

(1) The parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six months immediately 

preceding the filing of the petition either has eVidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing 

parental claim to a child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties. 

(2) The repeated and contiriued incapacity, abuse, neglect or refusal of the parent has 

caused ihe child to be without essential parental care, control or subsistence necessary for his 

physical or mental Well-being and the conditions and causes of the incapacity, abuse, neglect or 

refusal cannot or will not be remedied by the parent. 

(5) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency for a period of at least six months, the conditions which led 

to the· removal or placement of the child continue to exist, the parent cannot or will not remedy 

those conditions within a reasonable period of time, the services or assistance reasonably 

available to the parent are not likely to remedy the conditions which led to the removal or 

placement of the child within a reasonable period of time and termination of the parental rights 

would best serve the needs and welfare of the child, 

(8) The child has been removed from the care of the parent by the court or under a 

voluntary agreement with an agency, 12 months or more have elapsed from the date of removal 

or placement, the conditions which led to the removal or placement of the child continue to exist 

and termination of parental rights would best serve the needs and welfare of the child, 

See 23 Pa C,S.A. §2511, 

Subsection (b) of the statute provides that: the court in terminating the rights of a parent 

shall give primary consideration to the developmental, physical and emotional needs and 

welfare of the child, The rights of a parent shall not be terminated solely on the basis of 

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) 

environmental factors such as inadequate housing, fumishings, income, clothing and medical 

care if found to be beyond the control of the parent. With respect to any petition filed pursuant to 

subsection (a)(1), (6) or (8), the court shall not consider any efforts by the parent to remedy the 

conditions described therein which are first initiated subsequent to the giving of notice of the 

filing of the petition. 

The term "needs and welfare" is a legal concept that "denotes certain minimum 

requirements that all children are entitled to-adequate housing, clothing, food and love." !!1..&t. 

Coast, 561 A.2d 762, 770 (Pa Super. 1989); In re Adoption of Michael J.e.. 473 A.2d 1021, 

1029 (Pa. Super. 1984). "Thus, needs and welfare has both a tangible dimension, food, clothing 

and shelter, and an intangible dimension, parental love." In re P,A.B .. 570 A.2d 522, 525 (Pa. 

Super 1990); In re J. W, 578 A.2d 952,957 (Pa. Super. 1990). "It is universally agreed that the 

bond of *539 parental affection is unique and irreplaceable. When parents act in accordance 

with the natural bonds of parental affection, preservation of the parent-child bond is prima-facie 

in the best interest of the child and the state has no justification to terminate that bond." f.!.!.J§. 

J. W .. 578 A.2d at 958. "If. as here, ties with natural parents are present and are an active force 

in the child's life, then needs and welfare becomes a concept that argues against termination, 

rather than fosters it." In ra P.A.B., 570 A.2d at 525. Moreover. pursuant to section 2511 (a)(5), 

a court "must examine the status of the natural parental bond to consider whether terminating 

the natural parents' rights would destroy something in existence that is necessary and 

beneficial." Id. 

Subsection (a)(8) sets a 12-month time frame for a parent to remedy the conditions 

which led to placement. Once the twelve month period has been established, the court must 

next determine whether the conditions which led to the child's placement continue to exist, 

despite the reasonable and good faith efforts of the Agency, supplied over a realistic timeframe. 

In order to terminate under section 2511(a)(8), the Court is not required to evaluate a parent's 

current willingness or ability to remedy the conditions that initially caused placement or the 

availability or efficacy of potential services. See In re K.Z.S., 946 A.2d 753, 759 (Pa. Super. 

2008). The Superior Court provided a detailed analysis of the termination ground listed at 23 

Pa. C.S.A. §2511(a)(8) in the recent case of Inre T.M. T., 64 A. 3d 1119 (Pa. Super. 2013).' 

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that incarceration, while not a litmus test, 

can be determinative in a termination proceeding. See In re Adoption of S.P., 47 A.3d 817 (Pa. 

2012). Each termination of parental rights case involving an incarcerated parent must be 

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evaluated on its own facts; bearing in mind that the child's needs for consistent parental care 

and stability cannot be put aside or put on hold simply because the parent is doing what he is 

supposed to do in prison. See In re E.A.P., 944 A.2d 79 (Pa. Super. 2008). Incarceration does 

not relieve a parent of the duty to exercise reasonable firmness in maintaining a secure bond 

with the child. In the Interest of A.P., 693 A.2d 240 (Pa. Super. 1997). In termination of 

parental rights cases involving an incarcerated parent, a parent's basic constitutional right to the 

custody and rearing of his child is converted, upon the failure to fulfill parental duties, to the 

child's right to have proper parenting and fulfillment of his or her potential in a permanent, 

healthy, safe environment; moreover, the parent wishing to reestablish her parental 

responsibilities bears the burden of proof relative to post-abandonment contact. See In re 

C.L.G., 956 A.2d 999 (Pa. Super. 2008). When a parent is incarcerated, the focus in 

termination of parental rights action is on whether the parent utilized resources available while in 

prison to maintain a relationship with his child. In re B.N.M., 856 A.2d 847 (Pa. Super. 2004). 

In a case where the incarcerated parent wrote letters, forwarded some child support, and 

sent gifts to the child, the Court found that these actions did not indicate a serious intent to recultivate a parent-child relationship and a willingriess and capacity to undertake a parental role, 

and thus termination was appropriate. See 1liL,ln re D.J.S., 737 A.2d 283 (Pa. Super. 1999). 

The Court also found that the natural father in that case failed to utilize given resources and to 

take an affirmative approach to fulfill his parental duties and failed to follow through on inquires 

with prison officials and county social workers. See Id. 

Discussion: 

As to Natural Father the decision reached has not been done so lightly. Natural Father 

indicates a willingness and a desire to reunify with his children. In addition, his children express 

a desire to reunify with him. He is appropriate with them during visits, and consistently strives to 

be a presence in their lives despite his incarceration. The caseworker testified that he does 

"everything he can" while incarcerated. Clearly we have a father who is striving to be a parent. 

despite being noticeably absent from the lives of his children. 

However, Father has been incarcerated for over three years. His maximum sentence 

date is June 2014. He was not granted parole despite his requests and application for it. As 

noted above, the Court will not put a child's life on hold and await a parent who is fit, willing, and 

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able. Father would most likely not be fit and willing to provide care and control upon his release. 

As this Court is very familiar with the process by which released ex-convicts attempt to reintegrate and the hardships associated therewith, this Court is unwilling to force the children to 

wait any longer. Father is entirely appropriate with them, and it is likely that he loves them 

greatly, as they do him. However, this Court is encouraged by the prospect of adoption by the 

paternal grandfather and his step-daughter of the children. This kinship permanent placement 

will permit, albeit on Father's initiative only, continued contact between the children and their 

natural father. The fact that the words 'termination" and "adoption" imply permanence and 

suggest a severance from a relationship with a natural parent has little effect in this case. This 

Court will not turn a blind eye to the practical considerations of the children's age and the fact 

that they acknowledge and love their father. There will be continued contact with the Natural 

Father and the children, and it will likely occur without this Court's intervention. Knowing, as we 

do, that that will be an easier process as the children are placed with kin makes this Court's 

decision that much more bearable. 

As to the Natural Mother, the Court found aggravated circumstances as to her lack of 

involvement during the dependency case. It is severely disheartening to associate this situation 

with an absence of over six (6) months. This Court cannot fathom the lack of a desire to contact 

the children during that time. It, coupled with the trOUbling transiency, causes this Court to find 

that termination would certainly suit the best interests of the children as to Natural Mother. In 

addition, by virtue of the finding of aggravated circumstances, the natural mother has satisfied 

the statutory prOVisions Which allow for termination when: there has been no contact between 

the parent and the child for a period of six (6) months; the conditions which led to placement 

continue to exist (lack of permanent living arrangements) and the fact that Mother has exhibited 

little interest in parenting her children until the eleventh hour. 

Conclusion 

This Court hereby concludes tMt termination of the parental rights of both the Natural 

Father and the Natural Mother as to the minor Children is required by the statutory provisions 

governing the same and WOUld, undoubtedly serve the children's best interests. 

BY THE COURT: 

'----.>:::: . \ ~ ~.Jy Wm. Harvey Wiest, Judge 

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