Overview of NHTSA Sponso

Research at SwRI

Technical Research Workshop

Southwest Research Institute

San Antonio, Texas

Sponsored by US Environmental Protection Agency and NHTSA

December 10‐11, 2014

NHTSA Contracting Officer Representatives (CORs): James MacIsaac, General Engi

& Dr. John Whitefoot, General Engineer

Volpe Technical Consultant: Coralie Cooper, Environmental Protection Specialis

SwRI Project Manager: Thomas Reinhart, Institute Engineer
MD/HD Phase 2 – Rulemakin

Objectives

• Full rulemaking process consistent with

applicable law with notice and opportunity

for public review and comment.

– Consid i er ng addi i l t ona and new techli no og es

– Considering refining test procedures and the

GEM vehicle simulation compliance model All of T

Objec

– Updating technology, economic and

environmental assessments

Considering more stringent standards and

Objec

Suppor

– Considering more stringent standards and

timing

– Considering updating flexibilities
NHTSA Sponsored MD/HD Pha

Research Program at SwRI

• In September 2012, NHTSA competitively awarded a contract to South

Research Research Institute Institute (SwRI) to conduct conduct research research in support support of the next p

Federal fuel efficiency (FE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) standards

• The DOT staff coordinated with EPA and ARB to identify potential tec

class 2b to 8 engines, vehicles, and trailers for the research program

• Results of SwRI research will be published in peer reviewed final repo

• Results have been shared with the National Academies of Science Com

is studying “Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Em

Medium‐ and Heavy‐Duty Vehl ” ic es
EPA & NHTSA Sponsored Sponsored Research Research Ob

Ob

EPA: Focused on ComplianceMethods and Test Procedures

NHTSA: Focused on Tech

Methods and Test Procedures that Improve Fuel Efficie• Provide comprehensive data sets

for GEM validations

• Develop and refine various test

that Improve Fuel Efficie• FE/GHG technology bas

class 2b‐8 engines, veh

p trailers

procedures

• Evaluate the relationship between

aerodynamic trailer devices and

fuel consumption/CO2 emissions

– Current fleet segments

– End of Phase 1 baselin

• Phase 2 technology pro

p / over appropriate duty c

• Evaluate MD/HD powertrain

systems as one of certification

options

• Evaluate different driving cycle

– Effectiveness– Availability– Cost

Evaluate different driving cycle • Review of internationa

impacts on vehicles

regulatory approaches

Vehicles, Shared Modeling,

,

Engines, &

Test Data

g,

Engine Maps,

& Cost Info
SwRI Research Methodology f

NHTSA Sponsored Research

Current MD/HD Fleet Technology Baseline(Based on recent engine/vehicle testing, literature, and fleet surveys)

Simulations apply Individual Engine, Powertrain, and VehicleTechnologies Technologies over Different Different Vehicles Vehicles and Drive Cycles to the Current Current

Fleet Baseline

Cost analysis of Individual Technologies at different penetration levels

Generate Phase 2 MD/HD Technology Baseline

Simulations apply Packages of Engine, Powertrain, and Vehicle

Technologies to Phase 2 Technology Baseline to Explore Potential Fu

Consumption/GHG Improvements over Different Vehicles and Drive

C lCycles
Output: SwRI Report Series for Ph

MD/HD Engines and Veh l ic e

Report #1 Report #2 Repo

• Effectiveness of

individual fuel

sa ing/GHG

Report #2

• Incremental cost

analysis of individual

f el sa ing/GHG

Repo

• Effectiv

packag

saving/GHG sa ing/

technologies

• Market

segmentation of

fuel saving/GHG

technologies

• Lifecycle cost

saving/

techno

• Natura

cost stu

segmentation of

fleets

• Review international

MD/HD fuel

• Indirect benefits• STATUS: Currently in

peer review

cost stu

• STATUS

receive

report 

MD/HD fuel

economy regulations

• STATUS: Currently in

peer review

p

prepare
Important Note

• The EPA & NHTSA sponsored sponsored research research

programs at SwRI are only one source o

information information used to inform the develop

develop

of the Phase 2 regulation and its stringe

The technical technical work presented presented at this

workshop does not represent the sole

technical technical basis for the regulation regulation or its

stringencies.
Vehicle Drive Cycles for NHTS

Sponsore

d Researc

h

• Class 2b

/

3 (Pickup Truck)

i i h

• Class

8 (T

‐700 tractor

‐

– FTP‐City, FTP‐Hig

hway

k

b l

– US06– SC03– WHVC (World Harmonized Vehicle

l )

– CARB truc

k ur

ban cycle, 

cruise, 65 MPH cruise

– WHVC (World Harmoniz

Cycle

Cyc NESCCAF (Northeast Sta

le)

– 65 MPH cruise

• Class

6 (F

‐650 and

T

‐270):

– NESCCAF (Northeast Sta

a Clean Air Future)

35404550

( )

– CARB truck urban cycle, 55 MPH

cruise, 65 MPH cruise

– WHVC (World Harmonized Vehicle

Cycle) 15

202530

Vehicle Speed (mph)

– CILCC (Combined International

Local and Commuter Cycle

– Parcel delivery cycle 0

5

10

0 100 200 300 400 

Cycle Time (s)
Engine Technologies for NHTS

Sponsore

d Researc

h

• Engine down speeding (reduced

cruise RPM combined with

• Advanced Bottoming C

/ cruise RPM, combined with transmission technology)

• Lower Friction Engine Oil

• En

gine Friction Reduction

• Variable Speed

/ Displ

Coolant

& Oil Pumps

• Low Parasitic Fuel Pum

• Variable Valve Timing

g

• Fuel System Improvements

• Stop

/ Start

• Improved Selective Catalytic

d ( )

Variable Valve Timing

• Cylinder Deactivation• Stoichiometric Gasolin

Injection (GDI)

Re

duction (SCR) Conversion

• Reduced After

‐treatment

Backpressure

• Turbo Efficiency Improvement

• Lean Burn GDI w/ SCR

• Stoichiometric GDI

+ E

• Engine Down Sizing

i i

& b d Turbo Efficiency Improvement

• Air handling Improvement

• Mechanical Turbocompounding

• Electric Turbocom

poundin

g

• Downsizing

&

booste

d 

• Eliminate EGR On Dies

p g
Vehicle & Trailer Technologies for NHTSA Sponsore

• Aero Bin III, IV and V T t rac or A t ti Ti P 

features

• Trailer Aerodynamics

• Automatic Tire Pressu

• Weight Reduction• 6X2 Tractors or Clutch

• Improved 2b & 3 Aerodynamics

• Improved Vocational Truck

Aerodynamics

• Chassis friction reduct

improved lube

• Speed limiters

• Improved Transmissions (more

gears, higher ratio spread, shift

points, mechanical efficiency

• Automatic Engine Shu

• Improved A/C System 

and/or Cab Insulation 

improvement)

• Manual Transmission

• Automated Manual Transmission

and/or Cab Insulation 

A/C

• Air Compressor Impro

• Hydraulic Pump Impro

• Low Rolling Resistance Tires

• Single Wide Tires

• Hydraulic Pump Impro• Fan Power Demand Re