State Regulation date Monitoring required at landfills Grandfathering of old landfills Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Alabama CCW excluded from def of solid waste. AL 

ADC 335-13-1-.03. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Arizona No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Colorado 10/9/1991

Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-2.2. / on-site 

exempt Only exempt from obtaining a local 

land-sue permit/ they must GW monitor

No. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-2.2.

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. 6 

CO ADC 1007-2:1 Appx. 

B.B2(A)(2).

Class III: at least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. SC ADC 61-

107.19 Prt V.E.258.51(a), (d).

Indicators: magnesium, sodium, 

potassium, calcium, carbonate, 

bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, 

nitrate, nitrate, pH, specific 

conductivity, temp, TOC. 6 CO 

ADC 1007-2:1 Appx. IA. / Waiver 

available

Semi-annual. 6 CO ADC 1007-

2.1: Appx. B.B4(B). Regulations 

allow Dept to determine the 

appropriate frequency to be 

protective of HHE

30 years. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-

2.6. No. Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-1.4. No.

Florida Adopted 1-6-1993. Amended 1-6-2010.

Yes. 62 FL ADC 62-701.510. CCW classified 

as Class I waste. 62 FL ADC 62-701.200(13). / 

on-site exempt

Yes. Applies to all permit 

applicants. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.510.

Within zone of discharge, within 

50 feet of edge of solid waste 

disposal unit. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.510(3)(a). Wells to be no 

more than 500 feet apart. 

(3)(d)(3).

At least one background and 

two downgradient well. 62 FL 

ADC 62-701.510(3)(a).

Ammonia, chlorides, iron, 

mercury, nitrate, sodium, TDS, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.510(8)(a) (40 CFR 258 Appx 

I)

Semi-annual. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.510(6)()

30 years. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.620(1). No. Yes. No.

Georgia Adopted 1989. Amended 6-27-1993.

Possibly. Required at MSWLFs (which may 

receive industrial waste). GA ADC 391-3-4-

.14(1). / Variance available

No. GA ADC 391-3-4-.14(1).

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. GA 

ADC 391-3-4-.14(8).

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. GA ADC 391-

3-4-.14(8).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.14(21).; Appx. I. / Waiver 

available.

Semi-annual. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.14(22).

30 years. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.12(2).

Discretionary variance 

available. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.07(4)(a).

No. No.

Illinois

Section 811 adopted in 1990; section 816 

adopted in 1996. Subsections 811.318; 

811.319; 811.320 amended in 2007. 

Yes. GW monitoring for putrescible and 

chemical waste landfills. 35 IL ADC 811.318; 

811.319; 812.317.

No. 35 IL ADC 811.301.

Property boundary or 100 ft 

from edge of waste unit, 

whichever is closer, 35 IL 

811.320, 35 IL ADC 811.318.

At least one well; multiple 

implied: network of monitoring 

points "at sufficient locations 

downgradient." No upgradient 

wells required. 35 IL ADC 

811.318.

Per agency discretion: sample 

for ammonia-N, arsenic, boron, 

cadmium, chloride, chromium, 

cyanide, lead, magnesium, 

mercury, nitrate, sulfate, TDS, 

zinc if they that appears/expected 

to appear in leachate; additional 

indicator parameters based upon 

leachate characteristic and waste 

content. 35 IL ADC 

811.319(a)(2).

Quarterly for first 5 years; then 

semi-annual; then annual; then no 

monitoring. 35 IL ADC 811.319; 

811.320.

5 years for on-site units; 15 years 

for other landfills. 35 IL ADC 

811.319(C). May be reduced.

No.

Yes: 5 years post-closure 

monitoring. 35 IL ADC 811.319. 

No permit required. / annual 

monitoring

No.

Indiana Adpoted 1996. Amended 1998, 2004. 

Readopted 2001, 2007.

Possibly. Required for Type I and II Restricted 

Waste Sites, but not for Type III or IV. 329 IAC 

10-29-1. CCW may be disposed of at restricted 

waste site Type I without testing or at Type II, 

III, or IV after waste characterization. 329 IAC 

10-9-4(d).

No. 329 IAC 10-29-1.

Within 50 feet of solid waste 

boundary or property line. 329 

IAC 10-29-1(g).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 329 

IAC 10-29-1(b).

Phase I parameters: pH, specific 

conductance, chloride, boron, 

ammonia, sodium, COD, 

phenolics, methylene chloride, 1,1-

dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, 

1,2-dichloroethene, ethyl 

benzene, 2-butanone, methyl 

ethyl ketone. 329 IAC 10-29-6(b). 

(Type I and II landfills only; no 

GW mtg required at Type III)

Quarterly for first year to 

establish background. 329 IAC 10-

29-4(a)(4). Semi-annual. 329 

IAC 10-29-2(f).

30 years. 329 IAC 10-29-3; 329 

10-31-2(b).

Exemption based on volume. 

Site receiving less than 100 cubic 

yards of CCW per year from 

generators who produce less than 

100 cubic yards a year. 329 IAC 

10-3-1(10). 

No.

Yes. CCW classified as Type IV 

waste exempt from landfill regs. 

329 IAC 10-3-4. Type III sites 

exempt from groundwater 

monitoring regs.

Iowa Adopted 1971. Amended 2007.

Possibly. IA ADC 567-103.1. / Variances 

available. Yes - Iowa mandates GW monitoring 

under 455B.304

No. IA ADC 567-103.1. Within 50 feet of waste boundary. 

IA ADC 567-103.1(4)(C).

Three background locations. IA 

ADC 567-103.1(2)(f) At least one 

downgradient well. IA ADC 567-

103.1(4)(c).

Arsenic, barium, beryllium, cobalt, 

copper, iron, lead, magnesium, 

manganese, selenium, zinc, 

chlorides, and sulfate. IA ADC 

567-103.1(2)(f).

Quarterly for first year to 

establish baseline. Then, 

annually. IA ADC 567-

103.1(4)(d).

Ten years. 567-103.1(5)(e),(f). No. No. No.

Table 1: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Landfills
State Regulation date Monitoring required at landfills Grandfathering of old landfills Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 1: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Landfills

Kansas Regulated on permit-by-permit basis. KS 

ADC 28-29-6.

Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-19. Yes require 

GW Not specified. Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-19.

Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-

19.

Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-

19.

Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-

19.

Discretionary. KS ADC 28-29-

19. N/A N/A N/A

Kentucky 6/24/1992

Possibly. 401 KAR 45:160. / CCW regulated 

as special waste. / Variances available. Yesrquired

Yes. 401 KAR 45:020(sec.4)(1).

Located to provide early 

detection of GW contamination. 

401 KAR 45:160(sec.2).

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells. 401 KAR 

45:160(sec.2)(1),(2). A GW 

monitoring plan is also required

For monofills: chloride, chemical 

oxygen demand, total dissolved 

solids, total organic carbon, 

specific conductance, pH, copper 

(additional parameters may be 

required based on significant 

increases from baseline). 401 

KAR 45:160(sec.8)(2).

Semi-annual monitoring for 

monofills. 401 KAR 

45:160(sec.8)(2). Quarterly 

monitoring for other landfills. 401 

KAR 45:160(sec.8)(3).

5 years. 401 KAR 

45:110(sec.5)(5).

Specific sampling parameters and 

monitoring frequency 

requirements for monofills. 401 

KAR 45:160(sec.8)(2).

No. No.

Louisiana Adopted Feb. 1993. Amended Apr. 2008. Yes. LAC 33:VII.805.A. Yes. LAC 33:VII.403 No - GW is 

monitored at grandfathered sites

Within 150 meters downgradient 

of unit.; no more than 800 feet 

apart LAC 33:VII.805.A.1.b.

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells per zone. 

LAC 33:VII.805.A.2.

Permit-specific. Type I landfill 

sample for 10 indicators (may be 

reduced per agency discretion); 

Type II landfills sample for 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. LAC 33:VII.805.C.7.

Quarterly in first year; then semiannual. LAC 33:VII.805.C.

30 years, if operating after 

10/9/93; 3 years if stopped 

receiving waste before 10/9/93. 

LAC 33:VII.711.F.2.

No. No. No.

Maryland 1987 Discretionary. COMAR 26.04.07.20(D)(2). Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.10.04, 

Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.07.20(D)(2)(a).

Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.07.20(D)(2)(a).

Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.07.20(D)(2)(d).

Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.07.20(D)(2)(b). 5 years. COMAR 26.04.07.22(A). No. No. No.

Michigan 1982, 1993. Amended 2005.

Possibly. Required for Type II/MSWLFs 

(which may accept industrial waste). MI ADC 

R.229.4439. Not required for Type III/industrial 

waste landfills. MI ADC R.299.4306. Yes - MI 

requires GW monitoring at all CCR disposal 

areas except in areas without usable aquifers. 

Two SI's are licensed as landfills

No. MI ADC R.299.4302; 

299.4318. No requirement.

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. MI ADC 

R.299.4318.8.

Primary inorganic indicators: 

chlorides, iron, sulfates, total 

inorganic nitrogen, TDS, 

magnesium, manganese, 

potassium, sodium, bicarbonate 

alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, 

conductivity, phenolics, cyanide, 

TOC, COD, boron. Antimony, 

arsenic, barium, beryllium, 

cadmium, chromium, cobalt, 

copper, lead, nickel, selenium, 

silver, thallium, vanadium, zinc. 

MI ADC R.299.4318.5.

Quarterly, during operation. 

Biannually post-closure. (Type 

III.) MI ADC R.299.4315(15).

30 years. MI ADC R.299.4318(4). No. No. No.

Minnesota Adopted 1988. Yes. MN ADC 7035.1700(S); 7035.2815.3. / 

Variances available

Regs do not include 

grandfathering provision, but 

State's report on landfills indicates 

that 14% of existing facilities were 

grandfathered.

Within 200 feet from waste unit 

boundary. MN ADC 

7035.2815.4.c.2.

At least one upgradient and one 

downgradient well. MN ADC 

7035.2815.10.C.1.

Discretionary. MN ADC 

7035.2565.2; 7035.1700(S).

Discretionary. MN ADC 

7035.2565.2; 7036.1700(S).

20 years. MN ADC 

7035.2655.1.A. No. No. No.

Mississippi Effective 10/1/1993. Amended 4/3/1996. Yes. MS ADC 11-2-4:IV.D. / on-site exempt No. MS ADC 11-2-4:IV.D.1.

Within 150 meters from unit 

boundary. MS ADC 11-2-

4:IV.C.3.

"Sufficient number" (at least 

two), including 

background/upgradient and 

downgradient wells. MS ADC 11-

2-4:IV.D.2.

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc; parameters may 

be excluded/indicators added per 

department discretion. MS ADC 

11-2-4:IV.D.4.a. (Does NOT 

include: aluminum, boron, 

chloride, flouride, iron, 

manganese, mercury, 

molybdenum, pH, sulfate, sulfide, 

or TDS.) / agnecy may waive 

required parameters

Semi-annual. Annual per 

department discretion. MS ADC 

11-2-4:IV.D.4.b.

30 years, may be adjusted per 

department discretion. MS ADC 

11-2-4:IV.E.3.a.

No.

Yes, if wastes do not pose 

endangerment. MS ADC 11-2-

4:I.B.7.

No.

Missouri 7/30/1997 Yes. 10 CSR 80-11.010(11)(A). / CCW 

classified as "utility waste".

Discretionary. 10 CSR 80-

11.010(11)(B)(2).

Discretionary. 10 CSR 80-

11.010(11)(C)(1)(A).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 10 

CSR 80-11.010 (11)(B)(4)(A), (B). 

COD, chlorides, iron, pH, specific 

conductance, TDS, chemicals in 

Appendix I (arsenic, aluminum, 

antimony, barium, beryllium, 

boron, cadmium, calcium, COD, 

Semi-annual. 10 CSR 80-11.010 

(11)(C)(4)(A).

30 years. 10 CSR

80-2.030(4)(A)(2)(B). No. No. No.
State Regulation date Monitoring required at landfills Grandfathering of old landfills Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 1: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Landfills

Montana Adopted 1991. Amended 1997.

Yes. MT ADC 17.50.701. GW monitoring 

required for Class II sites. / Coal ash classified 

as Group 2 waste MT ADC 17.50.503(1)(a)(ii) / 

on-site exempt

No. MT ADC 17.50.701. 

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. MT 

ADC 17.50.710(1)(f).

At least one 

background/upgradient and two 

downgradient wells. MT 

ADC17.50.706.

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chloride, 

chromium, cobalt, copper, 

cyanide, iron, lead, mercury, 

nitrate, nickel, selenium, silver, 

sulfate, thallium, vanadium, zinc, 

COD, pH, specific conductance, 

and certain VOCs. MT ADC 

17.50.708(8); Table 1 / Variance 

available

Semi-annual. MT ADC 

17.50.708(4)(a). 30 years. MT ADC 17.50.721(b). No. No. No.

Nevada 11/8/1993

Yes. NAC 444.683; 444.741; 444.7483. / Class 

III sites accept only industrial solid waste. NAC 

444.5715.

No. NAC 444.6835; 444.7482; 

444.7483.

As close as possible to waste 

boundary unit. NAC 

444.7438(1).

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. NAC 

444.7438(1); (5).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

Semi-annual. NAC 444.7488(1). 30 years. NAC 444.6894. No. No. No.

New Hampshire Adopted 7-1-1991. Amended 10-28-2005.

Very limited. Only if required under NH 

Groundwater Protection Act. NH ADC ENV-SW 

806.04 (NH Rev. Stat. 485-C). Yes CCRs fall 

under the solid waste and are subject to the 

state's waste and GW management statutes

N/A Not specified. 

If required : At least one 

upgradient and three 

downgradient wells. NH ADC 

ENV-SW 805.08(a).

Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. No. No. No.

New Jersey 1996

Possibly. For all sanitary landfills. NJ ADC 

7:26-2A.4(n), (p); NJ ADC 7:14A-9.2. Ash may 

be disposed of in Class I or II sanitary landfill. 

NJ ADC 7:26-1.4. / Waiver available.

No. NJ ADC 7:26-2A.4(n), (p); NJ 

ADC 7:14A-9.2.

Within 150 meters of disposal 

area, on land owned by landfill 

owner. NJ ADC 7:14A-9.3(a).

At least one 

background/upgradient and 

three downgradient well. NJ 

ADC 7:14A-9.3(e).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. NJ ADC 7:14A-9, Appx. 

A.

Semi-annual. NJ ADC 7:14A9.7(b).30 years. NJ ADC 7:26-

2A.9(c)(5). No. No. No.

New Mexico No regs. CCW excluded from defintion of 

solid waste. NM ADC 20.9.3.7(S)(9) No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No. No. No.

New York Adopted 1988. Amended 2006. Possibly. 6 NY ADC 360-2.11. / Variances 

available. No. 6 NY ADC 360-2.1.

Within 50 feet downgradient of 

waste boundary; no more than 

500 feet apart. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.11(c)(1)(i)(e).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 6 NY 

ADC 360-2.11(c)(1)(i)(b).

Routine parameters (indicators): 

kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, 

nitrate, COD, BOD, TOC, TDS, 

sulfate, alkalinity, phenols, 

chloride, bromide, hardness, 

cadmium, calcium, iron, lead, 

magnesium, manganese, 

potassium, sodium. 

Baseline parameters: (routine 

plus:) color, boron, aluminum, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, chromium, cobalt, 

copper, cyanide, lead, selenium, 

thallium, vanadium, zinc, various 

organics. 

Expanded parameters: (routine, 

baseline, plus:) mercury, nickel, 

silver, sulfide, tin. (Does NOT 

include flouride or molybdenum.) 

6 NY ADC 360-2.11(d)(6).

Quarterly. First year: sample for 

expanded parameters once; for 

baseline parameters thrice. 6 NY 

ADC 360-2.11(c)(5)(i)(b). 

Ongoing monitoring: annual 

sample for baseline parameters 

once a year; for routine 

parameters thrice. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.11(c)(5)(ii).

30 years. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.15(k)(4).

Discretionary: DEC may impose 

additional or less stringent 

requirements for monofills. 6 NY 

ADC 360-2.14(a).

No. No.

North Carolina 10/9/1993 Discretionary. 15A NC ADC 13B.0503(2)(d). Within 250 feet Yes. 15A NCAC 13B.0503(2)(d). from waste boundary and at least 50 feet within facility property boundary. 15A NCAC 13B.1631(a)(2).

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. 15A NCAC 

13B.1631(a).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. 15A NCAC 

13B.1633(a).

Semi-annual. 15A NCAC 

13B.1633(b).

30 years. 15A NCAC 

13B.1627(d)(1). No. Yes. N.C.G.S.A. § 130A-295.4. No.
State Regulation date Monitoring required at landfills Grandfathering of old landfills Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 1: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Landfills

North Dakota 12/1/1992

Possibly. ND ADC 33-20-13-02. / Variances 

available. Yes - ND claims a stringent 

standard, and no facility has requested or 

received a variance

No. ND ADC 33-20-13-02(1). Within 500 feet from unit. ND 

ADC 33-20-13-02; 33-20-13-03.

One upgradient and at least two 

downgradient wells. ND ADC 33-

20-13-02(2)(a).

Permit-specific. Include 

indicators. ND ADC 33-20-13-03, 

Table 1.

Semi-annual. ND ADC 33-20-13-

02.

30 years. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-

09(5)(b). Yes. ND ADC 33-20-05.1-02. No. No.

Ohio Adopted 6-1-1994. Amended 2009.

Possibly. Sanitary, industrial, and residual LFs 

all require GW monitoring. OH ADC 3745-30-

08. / nontoxic ash excluded from DSW. OH 

ADC 3745-27-01(S)(23)

No. OH ADC 3745-30-08(2).

Site-specific; as close as 

possible to limits of solid waste 

placement. OH ADC 3745-30-

08(B)(4).

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. OH ADC 

3745-30-08(B)(3).

Calcium, chloride, potasium, 

sodium, sulfate, arsenic, barium, 

cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, 

magnesium, manganese, 

selenium, TDS. OH ADC 3745-30-

08(D)(5); Appx.III.

Annual; semi-annual for 

indicators. OH ADC 3745-30-08 

Appx.III.

30 years (industrial). OH ADC 

3745-29-14. 30 years (class I); 

20 years (class II); 15 years 

(class III). OH ADC 3745-30-

10(A).

Yes. For "non-toxic" CCW. No. Yes.

Oklahoma 6/1/2003

Possibly. Yes - No CCR landfills have 

requested or received a variance from any GW 

monitoring provisions. Requirements apply to 

all land disposal facilities. OK ADC 252: 515-9-

1. / Non-hazardous industrial waste may be 

disposed of at MSWLF. / Variances available.

Yes. OK ADC 252: 515-9-1. NO 

"The requirements of this 

Subchpater apply to all new and 

active land disposal facilities....."

Within 150 meters from unit 

boundary. OK ADC 252: 515-9-

4(a).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells., one 

upgradient. But "additional 

monitoring weels may be required 

to adequately monitor 

groundwater in areas of complex 

hydrogeology." Can use 

alternative to an upgradient well 

under certain conditions. 252: 

515-9-5(b)(1).

pH, chemical oxygen demand, 

specific conductivity, chloride, 

sulfate, calcium, magnesium, 

nitrates, sodium, carbonates, 

potassium; and "other parameters 

specified in the permit, based on 

the types of wastes to be 

disposed." OK ADC 252: 515-9-

31(d).

Semi-annual. OK ADC 252: 515-

9-73(a). Annual on case-by-case 

determination. OK ADC 252: 515-

9-73(b). Quarterly sampling for 

background water quality. OK 

ADC 252: 515-9-31. No CCR 

landfills in Oklahmoa have asked 

for or received approval for 

annual monitoring

8 years for new/existing on-site 

NHIW landfills. OK ADC 252: 515-

25-51. Oklahoma regs only 

require 8 years. Since current fed 

law does not require a 30-year 

post-closure period, Oklahoma's 

current requirement is hardly 

deficient

Partial. Less stringent 

requirements for NHIW landfills.

Yes, reduced post-closure 

monitoring period for on-site 

NHIW landfills. OK ADC 252: 515-

25-51(a). 

No.

Pennsylvania Mar. 2001 Yes. 25 PA ADC § 288.251. / Monofills 

exempt No. 25 PA ADC § 288.251. Within 200 feet of disposal area. 25 PA ADC § 288.252(b)(3).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 25 

PA ADC § 288.252(a),(b).

Ammonia-nitrogen, bicarbonate, 

calcium, chloride, fluoride, 

chemical oxygen demand, nitratenitrogen, pH, specific 

conductance, sulfate, total 

alkalinity, total organic carbon, 

total dissolved solids, turbidity, 

iron, manganese, magnesium, 

potassium, and sodium 

(quarterly); arsenic, barium, 

cadmium, chromium, copper, 

lead, mercury, selenium, silver, 

zinc, and VOCs (annually); and 

parameters detected in leachate 

collection, other constituents in 

the waste. 25 PA ADC § 288.254.

Quarterly or annually, based on 

sampling parameters. 25 PA 

ADC § 288.254(1)--(4). 

Not specified. 25 PA ADC § 

288.182.

Yes. Regs allow modification of 

groundwater monitoring sampling 

parameters and frequencies. 25 

PA ADC § 288.254(5)(b).

No. No.

South Carolina 5/23/2008

Possibly. SC ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.E.258.50. / Waiver available. Yes/ CCRs 

considered a Class 3 waste which requires GW 

monitoring / no citation of state code

No. SC ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.E.258.50(a), (c)

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. SC 

ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.E.258.51(a)(2).

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. SC ADC 61-

107.19 Prt V.E.258.51(a), (d).

pH, specific conductance, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and certain 

organics. SC ADC 61-107.19 

Appx IV.

Quarterly for first year to 

establish baseline, SC ADC 61-

107.19 Part V.E.258.53(e); semiannual. SC ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.E.258.54(b).

30 years. SC ADC 61-107.19 

Part V.F.258.61(a). No. No.

TCLP determines if waste goes to 

a Class II or Class III facility. SC 

ADC 61-107.19 Part I.C.

South Dakota Adopted 7-26-1990. Amended 10-4-1993. Possibly. SD ADC 74:27:19. / Variances 

available No. SD ADC 74:27:19:02.

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. 40 

CFR 258.51(a)(2).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. SD 

ADC 74:27:19:03.

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. SD ADC 74:27:19:04 

(40 CFR Part 258 Appx. I).

Semi-annual. SD ADC 

74:27:19:05. 30 years. SD ADC 74:27:15:08. No. No. No.

Tennessee

TN ADC 1200-01-07-.01--.04 adopted in 

1974; amended in 2008. / CCR usually Class 

II

Possibly. Class I and II. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(7). / Variances/waiver available. 

No. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(1)(b).

Within 150 meters of waste 

management unit boundary. TN 

ADC 1200-01-07-.04(7)(a)(2).

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells. TN ADC 

1200-01-07-.04(7)(a)(3).

Regs require sampling for 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, fluoride, lead, 

mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, 

thallium, vanadium, zinc, and 

various organics. TN ADC 1200-

01-07-.04 Appendix I.

Semi-annual or annual, per 

discretion of Commissioner. TN 

ADC 1200-01-07-.04(7)(b)(3).

30 years unless alternative is 

approved in post-closure care 

plan. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(8)(d).

No. No. No.
State Regulation date Monitoring required at landfills Grandfathering of old landfills Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 1: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Landfills

Texas 2004 (Chap 335); 2006 (Chap 330); 2009 

amendments. Yes. 30 TX ADC 335.592. / on-site exempt Yes. 30 TX ADC 330.401.

Within 500 ft downgradient of 

waste unit boundary; no more 

than 600 feet apart. 30 TX ADC 

330.403(a)(2).

At least one; "sufficient number." 

30 TX ADC 330.403(a)(1).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and various 

organics. 30 TX ADC 330.419.

Semi-annual. 30 TX ADC 

335.590(24)(D); 330.407. 30 years. 30 TX ADC 330.463. No. Yes. No.

Utah CCW excluded from definition of solid waste. 

UCA 1953 §19-6-102(18) No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes. Excluded from definition of 

solid waste. N/A N/A

Virginia 9/24/2003

Possibly. Monitoring required for "all landfills". 

9 VA ADC 20-80-300; 20-80-250(C)(16); 20-80-

270(12). / Waiver available. Yes-9 Vac 20-80 

and 9 VAC 20-85

No. 9 VA ADC 20-80-240; 20-80-

60(C)(5).

Waste management unit 

boundary. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

300(A)(3)(a)(2).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 9 VA 

ADC 20-80-300(A)(3)(f)(2).

Phase I: Indicators (specific 

conductance, pH, TOC, TOX); 

Phase II -- Table 5.5 parameters. 

9 VA ADC 20-80-30(C)(3), (4).

Semi-annual. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

300(C)(3). 

10 years. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

270(F)(1). No. No. No.

Washington 9/8/2000 Possibly. WAC 173-304-490(1). / Variances 

available. No. WAC 173-304-400(3)(a).

Locations/depths from uppermost 

and all hydraulically connected 

aquifers. WAC 173-304-

490(2)(a). 

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. WAC 

173-304-490(2)(a).

Temperature, conductivity, pH, 

chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia 

as nitrogen, sulfate, dissolved 

iron, dissolved zinc and 

manganese, COD, TOC, and total 

coliform. WAC 173-304-

490(2)(d)(i)(A)-(K).

Quarterly. WAC 173-304-

490(2)(g).

20 years. WAC 173-304-

407(7)(a). No. No. No.

West Virginia 1-Jun-06 Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-3.8.d. Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-1(1.1.a.2).

Within 150 meters of waste unit 

boundary. WV ADC s 33-1-

4(4.5.d.1.G). 

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. WV 

ADC s 33-1-3(3.8.d). 

Alkalinity, arsenic, barium, 

bicarbonate, hardness, boron, 

cadmium, calcium, chloride, total 

and hexavalent chromium, iron, 

lead, manganese, magnesium, 

sulfate, TDSs, TOC, specific 

conductance, zinc. WV ADC s 33-

1-5(5.5.b.3.A).

Semi-annual. WV ADC s 33-1-

5(5.5.b.3.A). 30 years. WV ADC s 33-1-6(6.3). No. No. No.

Wisconsin Jul-96 Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 507.04. Yes. WI ADC s NR 507.02. Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 

141.065(1); s NR 507.06.

Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 

507.19(1).

Alkalinity, boron, COD, 

conductivity, pH, temp, GW 

elevation, hardness, sulfate. WI 

ADC s NR 507 Appx 1, Table 2. 

BOD5, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, 

boron, cadmium, chloride, COD, 

hardness, iron, lead, manganese, 

mercury, selenium, sulfate, TSS. 

Table 4.

Semi-annual. WI ADC s NR 

507.19(3); Appx 1, Table 2.

Not specified. WI ADC s NR 

514.06(11).

Yes, exempt from GW monitorig 

of VOCs. WI ADC s NR 

507.18(3)(a).

No. No.

Wyoming

Effective Date: November 28, 1990

AMENDED: May 25, 1995

October 15, 1998 

Possibly. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 6. / 

Waiver available. Groundwater monitoring has 

been required at all CCR landfills in WY

No. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

6(b)(i)(A)(VI).

Within 150 meters of facility 

waste boundary. WY ADC ENV 

SW Ch. 3 s. 6(b)(i)(B)(I). 

At least one; "sufficient number." 

WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

6(b)(i)(B)(I).

Antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, 

cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, 

vanadium, zinc, and numerous 

VOCs. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 

s. 6(b)(i)(D)(I); Appx A.

Semi-annual. WY ADC ENV 

SW Ch. 3 s. 6(b)(i)(D)(I).

30 years. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 

3 s. 7(q)(i). No. No. No.
State

Alabama

Arizona

Colorado

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Regulation date Monitoring required at 

impoundments

Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Limited impoundment regs. 6 CO 

ADC 1007-2 Part 1, Section 9

Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-9.5.8 / 

on-site exempt/ SI's are 

required to have upgradient 

and downgradient monitoring 

wells on-site not exempt

Site-specific. 6 CO ADC 1007-

2:1-9.1.4. Not specified. 

At least one upgradient and one 

downgradient well. 6 CO ADC 

1007-2:1-9.5.8. Colorado 

disagrees with EJ's assertion that 

1-up and 3-down is means for 

being "qualified".

Indicator parameters determined as appropriate after review of initial waste and aquifer water analyses. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-9.5.8.

Class I and II 

Impoundments : 

quarterly. 

Class III 

Impoundments : 

annually (if required). 

6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-

9.8.6

30 years. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-3.6.3. No. Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-1.4. No.

Regs appply to leachate collection 

impoundments only. 62 FL ADC 

62-701.400(6).

No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Sections 606, 615 and 616 

adopted in 1992. 

Limited, ONLY where on-site 

impoundments within "setback 

zone" or "regulated recharge 

area." 35 IL ADC 616.441; 

616.443.

Yes, though some requirements 

and forced closures of existing 

plants in min/max setback zones 

were enacted at 35 IL ADC 

615.441.

Not specified. Not specified.

Specific conductance, pH, total 

organic carbon, total organic 

halogen, other per discretion. 35 

IL ADC 616.207(a)(1).

Quarterly. 35 IL ADC 

615.207(a); 

616.207(a). May step 

down to semi-annual 

monitoring if 2 years 

compliance. 35 IL 

ADC 615.207(b); 

616.207(b). 

5 years if closed in place. 35 IL ADC 615.202(b); 

616.202(b). If removed, not specified. 35 IL ADC 

616.447(a). 

No. No. No.

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 2: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Surface Impoundments
State

Alabama Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Regulation date Monitoring required at 

impoundments

Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 2: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Surface Impoundments

CCW facilities regulated on 

permit-by-permit basis. KS ADC 

28-29-6.

Discretionary. KA ADC 28-29-

19. Yes - required Not specified. Discretionary. KA ADC 28-29-19.

Discretionary. KA ADC 28-29-

19.

Discretionary. KA ADC 28-29-

19.

Discretionary. KA 

ADC 28-29-19. No regs. N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No specifc regs were 

cited in their comments. SIs do 

not have similar requirements 

under Kentucky regs. The 

owners/operators receive a permitby-rule which exempts 

owners/operators from most 

permitting requirements

No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Adopted Feb. 1993. Amended 

Apr. 2008. Yes. LAC 33:VII.805.A. No. LAC 33:VII.403

Within 150 meters downgradient 

of unit.; no more than 800 feet 

apart LAC 33:VII.805.A.1.b.

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells per zone. 

LAC 33:VII.805.A.2.

Permit-specific. Include 

indicators. LAC 33:VII.805.C,D; 

33:VII.3005.Appx C.

Quarterly in first 

year; then semiannual. LAC 

33:VII.805.C.

30 years, if operating after 10/9/93; 3 years if 

stopped receiving waste before 10/9/93. LAC 

33:VII.711.F.2.

No. No. No.

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Industrial waste SIs closed as 

landfills. MI ADC R.299.4309. 

Only variances granted have 

been for grandfathered disposal 

sites prior to 1978

Limited. Post-closure monitoring. 

MI ADC R.299.4309.2. Yes - 

Michigan requires groundwater 

monitoring at all surface 

impoundments

Not specified. The only 

exemptions that have been 

granted are for grandfathered-in 

sites that don't have usable 

aquifers or are regulated by 

NPDES permits. 

No requirement.

At least one 

background/upgradient and one 

downgradient well. MI ADC 

R.299.4318.8. all newly permited 

facilities have extensive 

monitoring ranging from 3-6 

upgradient wells and from 5-15 

downgradient wells.

Primary inorganic indicators. MI 

ADC R.299.4318.5.

Quarterly, during 

operation. 

Biannually postclosure. MI ADC 

R.299.4315(15).

30 years. MI ADC R.299.4318(4). No. No. No.

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

Montana

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Regulation date Monitoring required at 

impoundments

Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 2: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Surface Impoundments

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. Yes - NH stated that 

landfills and SI's fall under the 

solid waste regs. They provide 

citations for these regs. They are 

regulated in a Subtitle D-like 

manner

No. Yes - NH claims that 

monitoring is required under the 

solid waste regs for SIs

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Adopted 1988. Amended 2006. Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-6.5(d). / 

Variances available No. 6 NY ADC 360-6.1.

Within 50 feet downgradient of 

waste boundary; no more than 

500 feet apart. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.11(c)(1)(i)(e).

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells. 6 NY ADC 

360-6.5(d).

Routine parameters (indicators): 

kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, 

nitrate, COD, BOD, TOC, TDS, 

sulfate, alkalinity, phenols, 

chloride, bromide, hardness, 

cadmium, calcium, iron, lead, 

magnesium, manganese, 

potassium, sodium. 

Baseline parameters: (routine 

plus:) color, boron, aluminum, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, chromium, cobalt, 

copper, cyanide, lead, selenium, 

thallium, vanadium, zinc, various 

organics. 

Expanded parameters: (routine, 

baseline, plus:) mercury, nickel, 

silver, sulfide, tin. (Does NOT 

include flouride or molybdenum.) 

6 NY ADC 360-2.11(d)(6).

Quarterly. First year: 

sample for expanded 

parameters once; for 

baseline parameters 

thrice. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.11(c)(5)(i)(b). 

Ongoing monitoring: 

sample for baseline 

parameters once a 

year; for routine 

parameters thrice. 6 

NY ADC 360-

2.11(c)(5)(ii).

N/A No. No. No.

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Regulation date Monitoring required at 

impoundments

Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 2: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Surface Impoundments

12/1/1992 Yes. ND ADC 33-20-13-02. / 

Variances available No. ND ADC 33-20-13-02(1). Within 500 feet from unit. ND ADC 33-20-13-02; 33-20-13-03.

One upgradient and at least two 

downgradient wells. ND ADC 33-

20-13-02(2)(a).

Permit-specific. Include 

indicators. ND ADC 33-20-13-03, 

Table 1.

Semi-annual. ND 

ADC 33-20-13-02. 30 years. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-09(5)(b). Yes. ND ADC 33-20-05.1-02. No. No.

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

6/12/2000 No regs - Oklahoma 

does not currently have, nor has 

ever had, any surface 

impoundments constructed for 

CCR storage

Discretionary. OK ADC 252: 616-

5-4. No. OK ADC 252: 616-3-1. No.

At least one upgradient and two 

downgradient wells. OK ADC 

252: 616-5-4(2).

Not specified. OK ADC 252: 616-

5-4(3)(C).

Not specified. OK 

ADC 252: 616-5-

4(3)(C).

Not specified. OK ADC 252: 616-13-5(3). No. No. No.

Jan. 13, 2001 Yes. 25 PA ADC 289.261. No. 25 PA ADC 289.261. Within 200 feet of disposal area. 

25 PA ADC 289.262(b)(3).

At least one upgradient well. 25 

PA ADC 289.262(a)(1). At least 

three downgradient wells. 25 

PA ADC 289.262(a)(2).

Ammonia-nitrogen, bicarbonate, 

calcium, chloride, fluoride, 

chemical oxygen demand, nitratenitrogen, pH, specific 

conductance, sulfate, total 

alkalinity, total organic carbon, 

total dissolved solids, turbidity, 

iron, manganese, magnesium, 

potassium, and sodium 

(quarterly); barium, cadmium, 

chromium, copper, lead, mercury, 

selenium, silver, zinc, and VOCs 

(annually); and parameters 

detected in leachate collection, 

other constituents in the waste. 

25 PA ADC 289.264.

Quaterly/annually, 

based on sampling 

parameters. 25 PA 

ADC 289.264(a)(1)--

(4).

Not specified. Closure plan must include schedule 

for water quality monitoring. 25 PA ADC 289.172. No. No. No.

No regs. SI's are regulated under 

the SC Pollution Control Act. 

State regs not cited.

No. GW monitoring may be 

required under the regs 

promulgated pursuant to the PCA.

N/A N/A

N/A The number of monitoring 

wells is site-specific depending on 

hydrogeologic characteristics of 

the site

N/A N/A

N/A Yes: Class III - 30 yrs, Class II - 20 yrs SC 

claims that all wastewater treatment units are 

required to be closed out per regulation.

N/A N/A N/A

No regs. THERE ARE NO SI'S IN 

SOUTH DAKOTA No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

Texas

Utah

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Regulation date Monitoring required at 

impoundments

Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Monitoring location Minimum number of wells Sampling parameters Monitoring frequency Post-closure monitoring period Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 2: State Groundwater Monitoring Requirements: Coal Combustion Waste Surface Impoundments

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Regs apply if closed in place as 

landfill. 9 VA ADC 20-80-380.

Limited. Post-closure monitoring. 

9 VA ADC 20-80-380(B). State 

may require GW Monitoirng

N/A

Waste management unit 

boundary. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

300(A)(3)(a)(2).

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. 9 VA 

ADC 20-80-300(A)(3)(f)(2).

Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. No. No. No.

9/8/2000

Possibly. Must have either GW 

monitoring OR leachate detection/ 

collection/ treatment. WAC 173-

304-430(2)(f).

No. WAC 173-304-400(3)(a).

Locations/depths from uppermost 

and all hydraulically connected 

aquifers. WAC 173-304-

490(2)(a). 

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells. WAC 

173-304-490(2)(a).

Temperature, conductivity, pH, 

chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia 

as nitrogen, sulfate, dissolved 

iron, dissolved zinc and 

manganese, COD, TOC, and total 

coliform. WAC 173-304-

490(2)(d)(i)(A)-(K).

Quarterly. WAC 173-

304-490(2)(g). 20 years. WAC 173-304-407(7)(a). No. No. No.

1-May-90 Discretionary. WV ADC s 33-1-

4(4.8.c.3.D).

No. Regs require retrofitting of 

old SIs. WI ADC s 33-1-

4(4.8.c.3.B).

Within 150 meters of waste unit 

boundary. WV ADC s 33-1-

4(4.5.d.1.G). 

At least one upgradient and 

three downgradient wells (per 

DEP discretion). WV ADC s 33-

1-4(3.8.c.3.D). 

Alkalinity, arsenic, barium, 

bicarbonate, hardness, boron, 

cadmium, calcium, chloride, total 

and hexavalent chromium, iron, 

lead, manganese, magnesium, 

sulfate, TDSs, TOC, specific 

conductance, zinc. WV ADC s 33-

1-5(5.5.b.3.A).

Semi-annual. WV 

ADC s 33-1-

5(5.5.b.3.A).

N/A No. No. No.

Discretionary regulation of 

industrial lagoons not licensed 

under other solid waste 

provisions. WI ADC s NR 213.02.

Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 

213.08(3)(a). N/A Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 141.065(1); s NR 507.06.

Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 

507.19(1).

Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 

213.08(3)(b).

Discretionary. WI 

ADC s NR 

213.08(3)(b).

Discretionary. WI ADC s NR 213.07. N/A N/A N/A

No regs.

No. Yes (WDEQ SHWD 

Response) WDEQ WQD may 

require pre- and post-construction 

monitoring

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes - Equivalent to Subtitle D N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

Arizona

Colorado

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Grandfathering of old landfills Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Daily Cover Dust controls Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-1.3.2.

Composite (30-mil FML upper; 2 

feet compacted soil), soil (3 feet), 

or recompaction. 6 CO ADC 

1007-2:1-3.2.5(C). All landfills in 

CO require liners

Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-

3.2.5(D). Composite (30-mil geomembrane barrier upper; 6-inch soil foundation layer) or soil (18-inch earthen infiltration layer; 6-inch erosion layer). 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-3.5.3.

Yes, closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. 6 CO ADC 

1007-2:1-1.8.

Yes. 6 inches of earth. 6 CO 

ADC 1007-2:1-3.3.4. Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-2.1.3. Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-2.1.6. No. Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-1.4. No.

Yes. Design requirements apply 

to new construction and lateral 

expansion. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.400.

Class I : Composite (60-mil 

HDPE geomembrane upper; 6-

inch lifts for lower) or double (60-

mil HDPE geomembrane upper 

and lower; 6-inch subbase or 

geosynthetic clay liner). 62 FL 

ADC 62-701.400(3). 

Yes. 62 FL ADC 62-701.400(3). 

Soil, geomembrane, or 

composite. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.600(g).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. 62 FL ADC 62-

701.630.

Class I: Yes, daily. 62 FL ADC 

62-701.500(7)(e)(1). Yes. 62 FL ADC 62-701.300(15). Yes. 62 FL ADC 62-701.400(5). No. No. No.

Yes. GA ADC 391-3-4-.07(1). 

Design requirements apply to new 

construction and lateral 

expansion.

Composite (30-mil FML upper; 2-

foot compacted soil lower), 

required in areas with certain 

pollution susceptibility. GA ADC 

391-3-4-.07(1)(d)(1).

Yes. GA ADC 391-3-4-.07(1)(d). Soil. GA ADC 391-3-4-.07(f), (i).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. GA ADC 391-3-

4-.13.

Yes. 6 inches. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.07(3)(e). No. Yes. GA ADC 391-3-4-.07(3)(i).

Yes -- discretionary variance 

available. GA ADC 391-3-4-

.07(4)(a).

No. No.

Yes, partial. Existing landfills 

exempt from rqmts for: (1) 

location; (2) foundation/mass 

stability; (3) final cover; (4) liner 

and leachate collection; and (5) 

hydrogeo site investigation. 35 IL 

ADC 814.302; 814.402; 814.502.

Soil (5-foot compacted earth). 3-

to-5-foot thick liner permitted if 

overlain by 60-mil geomembrane. 

/ Alternative per discretion. 35 IL 

ADC 811.306. 

Yes. 5 IL ADC 811.307; 35 IL 

ADC 811.308.

Soil (3-foot compact earth Low 

Permeability Layer; Final 

Protective Layer). / More 

protective alternative. 35 IL ADC 

811.314.

Yes, for closure. 35 IL ADC 

807.600--666; 811.700--720.

Yes. Six inches soil or 

alternative. 35 IL ADC 811.106. 

1 foot compacted clean soil as 

intermediate cover. 35 IL ADC 

811.313.

Yes, but unspecified. 35 IL ADC 

811.107(g). No.

Yes, for CCW/FGD monofills 

using "Poz-O-Tec" technology -- 

where waste processed via 

patented stabilizing technology. 

35 IL ADC 816.520. Poz-O-Tec 

CCW monofills are exempt from 

the requirements of: 811.307 

[leachate drainage], 811.308 

[leachate collection], 811.309 

[leachate treatment and disposal] 

if 12 criteria are met.

No. No.

Yes. Landfills closed prior to 4-14-

1996 grandfathered. 329 IAC 10-

6-1(a). Liner design requirements 

apply to new sites. 329 IAC 10-26-

1.

Low permeability soil. 10 to 15 

feet thick for Type I sites. 5 to 10 

feet for Type II sites. 329 IAC 10-

26-1(2). At least 3 feet for Type 

III sites. 329 IAC 10-34-1. Type 

IV exempt

Required only if karst terrain. 

329 IAC 10-3-4(b)(4). Surface 

leachate collection required for 

Type I and II. 329 IAC 10-28-15.

Soil: Type I : Clay (2 to 4 feet, 

depending on slope); 6 inches 

topsoil; vegetative cover. 329 

IAC 10-30-2.

Type II : Clay or soil (2 feet); 6 

inches topsoil; vegetative cover. 

329 IAC 10-30-3.

Type III : Soil (2 feet); 6 inches 

topsoil; vegetative cover. 329 

IAC 10-36-11(a).

Yes, for closure and post-closure. 

329 IAC 10-39-1.

Type 1: Yes (6 inches); Type II: 

monthly; Type III: annually. 329 

IAC 10-28-12.

Yes. 329 IAC 10-3-4(c)(1); 10-24-

5(3); 10-28-4(b); 10-32-4(3); 10-

36-4(b).

Yes. 329 IAC 10-28-10; 10-28-

15(a); 10-36-10; 10-36-15(a).

Exemption based on volume. 

Site receiving less than 100 cubic 

yards of CCW per year from 

generators who produce less than 

100 cubic yards a year. 329 IAC 

10-3-1(10). 

No.

Yes. TCLP used to determine 

disposal at Type I, II, III, or IV 

facility. Type IV exempt.

No. IA ADC 567-103.1.

Not specified. Yes- Iowa states 

that landfills need to have controls 

in place to protect GW and SW

Not specified. Iowa states that 

landfills need to have controls in 

place to protect GW and SW. 

Since 2007, all new CCR landfills 

and site expansions have installed 

leachate collection systems 

despite a regulatory requirement

Compacted soil (2 feet); 1 foot 

topsoil for vegetation. IA ADC 

567-103.1(5).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action for sites 

accepting waste after 10-31-2007. 

IA ADC 567-103.3.

Discretionary (if dust at issue). 

IA ADC 567-103.1(4)(b). state 

regs requires that after waste is 

deposited, it must be treated to 

control fugitive dust. If dust is not 

adequately controlled then 

department may require sitespecific controls

Yes. IA ADC 567-103.1(3)(b); 

(4)(b). Yes. IA ADC 567-103.1(3)(c). No. No. No.

Table 3: State Environmental Control Requirements for Coal Ash Landfills
State

Alabama Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Grandfathering of old landfills Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Daily Cover Dust controls Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 3: State Environmental Control Requirements for Coal Ash Landfills

Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. Yes - required Not specified. Not specified. Not specified. N/A N/A N/A

N/A

Discretionary. 401 KAR 45:110 

(sec.1)(1),(4). No mandate for 

specific liner but protection of GW 

above the MCL is required

Discretionary. 401 KAR 45:110 

(sec. 1)(7).

Not specified. 401 KAR 45:110 

(sec.5)(2).

Yes, for closure and post-closure 

care. 401 KAR 45:080 (sec.5) 

and (sec.6).

No. No specifc regs in place, but 

terms of acquiring a permit 

mandate that no waste site violate 

applicable air pollution 

requirements contianed in KRS 

Chapter 224 or 401 KAR Cahpters 

50 to 63

No. Discretionary. 401 KAR 

45:110(sec.1)(7). No. No. No.

No. LAC 33:VII.403

Composite (30-mil 

geomembrane; 3-foot clay) or 

alternative. LAC 33:VII.711.B.5.c.

Yes. LAC 33:VII.711.B.5.c.i.

Clay (24 inches) and 

geomembrane; 6-inch topsoil; or 

alternative. LAC 33:VII.711.E.3.a.

Yes, for closure and post-closure. 

LAC 33:VII.1303.

Yes. 6 inches clay or approved 

alternative. LAC 33:VII.711.B.2.b. No Yes required Yes. LAC 33:VII.711.A.6. No. No. No.

Yes. Facilities authorized before 

12-1-08 may continue to operate, 

but MDE may modify existing 

authorization. COMAR 

26.04.10.04(E).

Clay (at least 1 foot) or synthetic 

(30 mil single reinforced 

membrane or 50 mil 

unreinforced). COMAR 

26.04.07.07(C)(12)(a)(ii).

Yes. COMAR 

26.04.07.07(C)(12)(c).

Clay (1 foot) or synthetic (20 mil, 

1.0 x 10-10 cm/sec permeability). 

6-inch drainage layer; 2-foot 

earthen cover; perennial 

vegetative coevr. COMAR 

No. Discretionary. COMAR 

26.04.07.19(E)(3).

Yes. Fencing or other barriers 

required. COMAR 

26.04.07.19(E)(12). CCW 

facilities to be designed to contain 

CCW and prevent air pollution. 

Yes. Permit app to include 

runoff/run-on controls. COMAR 

26.04.07.20(A)(11). CCW 

facilities to be designed to prevent 

contact with waters of the US. 

No. No. No.

Yes. Existing (as of 1993) lowhazard industrial waste piles 

exempt. MI ADC R.299.4129.

Composite or synthetic (30-mil) 

OR natural soil barrier. MI ADC 

R.299.4307.2. Alternatives per 

application for low-hazard 

industrial waste landfills.

Yes. MI ADC R.299.4308.

Erosion layer (6 inches earthen 

material for vegetation); 

infiltration layer (2 feet compacted 

soil OR felxible membrane 

liner); 2 feet of additional soil; or 

alternative. MI ADC 

R.299.4304.6. Low-hazard 

industrial waste landfills on natural 

soil sites may install cover not 

designed to minimize infiltration. 

MI ADC R.299.4304.7.

Yes, closure and post-closure. MI 

ADC R.299.4922.4. No. Yes. MI ADC R.299.4315.5. Yes. MI ADC R.299.4315.13. No. No. Yes. MI ADC R.299.4311.

Not specified.

Soil (4 feet) or composite (2-foot 

soil and 60-mil unreinforced 

membrane or 30-mil reinforced 

membrane). 12-inch soil drainage 

layer. MN ADC 7035.2815.7.D,E.

Yes. MN ADC 7035.1700.T; 

7035.2815.9.

Soil (24 inches) or synthetic (30-

mil). 12-inch layer, of which 6 

inches topsoil; vegetative cover. 

MN ADC 7035.2815.6.; 

7035.1700.Y.

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. MN ADC 

7035.2695.

Yes, 6 inches. MN ADC 

7035.1700.D. Yes. MN ADC 7035.1700.I. Yes. MN ADC 7035.1700.D,Y. No. No. No.

Yes. Landfills that stopped 

receiving waste before 9-23-93 

are exempt. MS ADC 11-2-

4:IV.A.1, 2.

Composite or departmentapproved alternative. MS ADC 

11-2-4:IV.C.1.

Yes. / Alternative per department 

discretion. MS ADC 11-2-

4:IV.C.1.

Soil: 18-inch earthen infiltration 

layer; 6-inch erosion layer for 

vegetation. / Alternative per 

department discretion. MS ADC 

11-2-4:IV.E.2.

Yes, for closure, post-closure 

care, and corrective action (if 

required). MS ADC 11-2-4:IV.F.1-

3. Federal/state owners exempt. 

MS ADC 11-2-4:IV.A.6.

Ash Monofills : Not daily. MS 

ADC 11-2-4:IV.B.2. No. Yes. MS ADC 11-2-4:IV.B.7.

Yes. Exempt from daily cover 

requirements. MS ADC 11-2-4:IV 

.B.2.

No. No.

Yes. Design and operation 

requirements apply to new 

construction/permits issued after 

rule. 10 CSR 80-11.010(1).

Clay (at least 2 feet) or 

composite (2-foot lower soil 

layer). 10 CSR 80-11.010(10)(B).

Yes. 10 CSR 80-11.010(9)(A).

Clay (1 foot); 1 foot soil for 

vegetation. 10 CSR 80-

11.010(14)(C)(3).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. 10 CSR 80-

2.030(4)(B), (C). 

Not daily. 

Composition/frequency not 

specified. 10 CSR 80-11.010(13), 

(14).

Yes. 10 CSR 80-11.010(12)(B); 

10 CSR 80-11.010(16)(C)(4). 

Yes. 10 CSR 80-

11.010(8)(B)(1)(F). No. No. No.
State

Alabama

Montana

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Grandfathering of old landfills Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Daily Cover Dust controls Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 3: State Environmental Control Requirements for Coal Ash Landfills

Yes. MT ADC 17.50.501(4). 

Design requirements apply to new 

construction and lateral 

expansion. MT ADC 17.50.506.

Class II Landfills : Composite (30-

mil FML upper; 2-foot low 

permeability soil lower). MT ADC 

17.50.506(1)(b)(i).

Yes. MT ADC 17.50.506(1)(b)(ii).

Soil: Class II and IV Landfills : 18-

inch earthen infiltration layer; 6-

inch earthen erosion layer; 

vegetation. MT ADC 

17.50.530(1), (3).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. MT ADC 

17.50.540; 17.50.542.

Yes, for Class II Landfills, 6 

inches of earth. MT ADC 

17.50.511(1).

No. Yes. MT ADC 17.50.511(1)(j). No. No. No.

Yes. Liner design requirements 

apply to new construction and 

lateral expansion. NAC 444.681.

Composite (30-mil flexible 

membrane upper; 2 feet low 

permeability soil). NAC 

444.681(1)(b).

Yes. NAC 444.681(1)(b).

Soil: Low permeability; 18-inch 

earthen infiltration layer; 6-inch 

earthen erosion layer. NAC 

444.6891(1).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. NAC 444.685.

Yes. 6 inches compacted earthen 

material. NAC 444.688. Yes. NAC 444.696. Yes. NAC 444.6885. No. No. No.

Yes. NH ADC ENV-SW 

805.01(a)(1).

Coal Ash Monofill : Single liner 

(soil, synthetic, or composite). 

NH ADC ENV-SW 805.14. NH's 

sole CCR landfill is lined with 

plastic

Yes, at all lined landfills. NH ADC 

ENV-SW 805.06.

Impermeable composite cap: 

12-inch soil base; 12 inches of 

sand; impermeable barrier of 40-

mil geomembrane or soil; 18 

inches sand or geonet and 12 

inches sand; 4 inches 

topsoil/vegetation. 

Low permeable soil cap: 12-

inch soil base; 18-inch soil 

infiltration layer; 4 inches 

topsoil/vegetation. NH ADC ENVSW 805.10.

Yes, for closure. NH ADC 

1403.01. No. Yes-Required Env-Sw 806.03 No. Yes - Required Env-Sw 1005 

requires facilities to control dust Yes. NH ADC ENV-SW 806.06.

Yes. May be designed as singlelined facilities. NH ADC ENV-SW 

902.04(b)(3).

No. No.

Yes. NJ ADC 7:26-2A.1; 7:26-

2A.9(a).

Clay, synthetic, or composite. 

NJ ADC 7:26-2A.7(c).

Yes. NJ ADC 7:26-2A.4(o); NJ 

ADC 7:26-2A.7(a)(1).

Soil: 18-inch infiltration layer; 6-

inch erosion layer. If synthetic 

bottom liner, synthetic membrane 

in final cover. NJ ADC 7:26-

2A.7(i).

Yes. NJ ADC 7:26-2B.6(c)(12); 

7:26-2A.9(f).

Yes. 6 inches daily. NJ ADC 

7:26-2A.8(b)(7). Yes. NJ ADC 7:26-2A.8(b)(29). Yes. NJ ADC 7:26-2A.8(b)(12). No. No. No.

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-1.7(a)(3)(i); 

360-2.13.

Double composite liner (upper 

composite: 60-mil geomembrane; 

18-inch soil layer -- lower 

composite: 60-mil geomembrane; 

24-inch soil layer). 6 NY ADC 360-

2.13(f).

Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-2.13(g).

For unlined LFs : gas venting 

bottom layer; low permeability 

soil OR geomembrane; barrier 

protection layer; topsoil; For lined 

LFs : gas venting bottom layer; 

composite (soil AND 

geomembrane); barrier prtection 

layer; topsoil; vegetation. / 

Alternative. 6 NY ADC 360-

2.15(d).

Yes, fo closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action (if required). 6 

NY ADC 360-2.19(a)-(e). Thirdparty liability coverage. 6 NY 

ADC 360-1.12(b).

Yes. 6 inches compacted 

material. 6 NY ADC 360-2.17(c). Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-1.14(k). Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-2.7.

Discretionary: DEC may impose 

additional or less stringent 

requirements for monofills. 6 NY 

ADC 360-2.14(a).

No. No.

Yes. 15A NCAC 13B.1601.

Composite (geomembrane + 24-

inch compacted clay liner; OR 

geomembrane + geosynthetic 

clay liner + 18-inch compacted 

clay liner; OR 2 geomembrane 

liners with leachate drainage 

systems + 12-inch compacted 

clay liner; OR approved 

alternative). 15A NCAC 

13B.1624(b).

Yes. 15A NCAC 13B.1624(b)(2).

Soil: 18-inch earthen infiltration 

layer; 6-inch earthen erosion 

layer. 15A NCAC 13B.1627(c)(1).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action for nongovernment-owned MSWLFs. 

15A NC ADC 13B.1628.

Yes. 6 inches. 15A NC ADC 

13B.1626(2). Yes. 15A NCAC 13B.1626(6)(d). Yes. 15A NC ADC 13B.1626(7),(8). No. Yes. N.C.G.S.A. § 130A-295.4. No.
State

Alabama

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Grandfathering of old landfills Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Daily Cover Dust controls Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 3: State Environmental Control Requirements for Coal Ash Landfills

Yes. ND ADC 33-20-01.1-02; 33-

20-03.1-04.

Composite (3-foot clay; 60 mil 

FML) liner for landfills receiving 

wastes which may contain 

leachable organic constituents. 

ND ADC 33-20-07.1-01(4)(e). 

Soil (4 feet) for landfills that 

receive wastes containing water 

soluble constituents. ND ADC 33-

20-07.1-01(4)(d).

Yes. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-

09(3)(e), 33-20-07.1-01(4).

Clay/soil: 18 inches soil; 12 

inches clay-rich soil; 6 inches 

plant growth material. / 

Alternative per agency discretion. 

ND ADC 33-20-07.1-02.

Yes, for closure and third-party 

liability; for corrective action at 

agency's discretion. ND ADC 33-

20-14-01.

Not daily. ND ADC 33-20-07.1-

01(1). Compaction required. ND 

ADC 33-20-07.1-01(3).

Yes. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-02; 33-

20-07.1-01(1). Yes. ND ADC 3-20-04.1-09(3)(a). No. No. No.

Yes. OH ADC 3745-27-02(D)(8).

Soil or composite, depending on 

Class (TCLP). OH ADC 3745-30-

07.

Yes. OH ADC 3745-27-

08(B)(1)(d).

Composite (soil barrier layer; 

flexible membrane liner; drainage 

layer; cap protection layer). OH 

ADC 3745-27-08(B)(1)(f).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action of sanitary 

landfills. OH ADC 3745-27-15, 

16, 18.

Yes. OH ADC 3745-27-19(F). Yes. OH ADC 3745-27-19(B)(3). Yes. OH ADC 3745-27-19(J).

Yes. Exempt from daily cover 

requirements. OH ADC 3745-30-

14(F).

No. Yes.

Yes. OK ADC 252: 515-1-8.

Composite (2-foot clay; 30 mil 

flexible membrane liner). OK 

ADC 252: 515-11-2(b); 252: 515-

11-31; 252: 515-11-51. / 

Alternative per DEQ discretion. 

OK ADC 252: 515-11-2. 

Yes. OK ADC 252: 515-13-1.

Soil (24-inch barrier layer; 1-foot 

erosion layer for vegetation). OK 

ADC 252: 515-19-53(a).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. OK ADC 

252:515-27-3.

Not daily. 6 inches earthen 

material, but no daily requirement. 

OK ADC 252: 515-19-51(a),(c)(2). 

DEQ has never received a 

complaint of blowing dust that 

could be attributed to daily cover 

issues

Yes, but unspecified. OK ADC 

252: 515-19-36(c). Yes. OK ADC 252: 515-17-2. No. No. No.

Yes. But DEP may require 

closure. 25 PA ADC 287.111.

Class I Landfills :

• 6-inch subbase; clay or 

composite secondary liner; 12-

inch leachate detection zone; 

composite primary liner; 18-inch 

earthen protective cover including 

leachate collection system. 25 

PA ADC 288.431--440.

Class II Landfills:

• 6-inch subbase; 12-inch leachate 

detection zone; composite liner 

(geosynthetic upper and earthern 

compopsite); 18-inch earthen 

protective cover including 

leachate collection system. 25 

PA ADC 288.531--539.

Class III Landfills :

• Attenuating soil (sand, loam, 

clay, silt). 25 PA ADC 288.624.

Yes. 25 PA ADC 288.413; 

288.451--457; 25 PA ADC 

288.512; 288.551--557; 25 PA 

ADC 288.623(a)(7).

Clay or geosynthetic (1.0 x 10-7 

cm/sec permeability). Drainage 

layer over cap. 2-foot soil for 

vegetation. 25 PA ADC 288.234; 

Appx. A.

Bond for closure. 25 PA ADC 

287.342. Insurance for thirdparty claims. 25 PA ADC 

287.371. 

Yes. Composition not specified. 

25 PA ADC 288.232.

Yes, but unspecified. 25 PA ADC 

288.217(a)(3).

Yes. Final cover drainage and 

slope requirements. 25 PA ADC 

288.234(a),(g). Runoff prevention 

included in leachate provisions. 

25 PA ADC 288.513(c)(3); 

288.454(a)(4); 288.413(c)(3). 

Surface drainage through 

sediment ponds. 25 PA ADC 

288.243(g).

Yes. Coal ash monofill 

characterized as a Class III 

Landfill. 25 PA ADC 288.621(b). 

Exempt from leachate system and 

liner requirements that apply to 

Class I and II landfills.

No. No.

No. SC ADC 61-107.19.I.A.6

Class I : no liner rqmt; Class II : 

clay liner; Class III : Composite 

(30-mil FML upper; 2-foot 

compacted soil lower). SC ADC 

61-107.19 Part V.D.258.40(a)(2). 

CCRs classified as Class III in SC

Class III : Yes. SC ADC 61-

107.19 Part V.D.258.40(a)(2).

Soil: Class III : 18-inch earthen 

infiltration layer; 1-foot earthen 

erosion layer. SC ADC 61-107.19 

Part V.F.258.60(a).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action for nongovernment-owned Class I, II, and 

III landfills. SC ADC 61-107.19 

Part I.E.

Class III : Yes. 6 inches daily. 

SC ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.C.258.21(a).

Yes. SC ADC61-107.19 Part 

IV.H.4.a.7.f; Part V.C.258.31(a). 

Yes. SC ADC 61-107.19 Part 

IV.D.2; Part V.C.258.26.

Yes. Class III monofills exempt 

from composite liner requirement; 

only require 2-foot clay liner. SC 

ADC 61-107.19 Part 

V.D.258.40(3).

No.

TCLP determines if waste goes to 

a Class II or Class III facility. SC 

ADC 61-107.19 Part I.C.

Yes. SD ADC 74:27:12:01.

Composite (2-foot compacted 

soil layer; 12-inch drainage layer; 

60-mil flexible membrane liner). 

SD ADC 74:27:12:17.

Yes. SD ADC 74:27:12:18.

Soil: 18 inches compacted soil; 6 

inches topsoil; vegetation. SD 

ADC 74:27:12:21.

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. May be 

required for enviro remediation. 

SD ADC 74:27:16.

Yes. 6 inches daily. SD ADC 

74:27:13:09. Yes. SD ADC 74:27:13:12. Yes. SD ADC 74:27:12:16. No. No. No.

Yes, partial. Pre-1990 facilities 

exempt from certain 

requirements. TN ADC 1200-01-

11-07-.04(1)(b)(2),(3).

Composite. At least 30-mil FML 

upper component; 2-foot 

compacted soil lower component 

(for Class I and II facilities, unless 

Class II obtain a waiver). TN 

ADC 1200-01-07-.04(4)(a)(1).

Yes. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(4)(a)(5), (7), (8).

Soil (3 feet; top 12-inches topsoil; 

vegetative cover). TN ADC 1200-

01-07-.04(4)(a)(6); -.04(8).

Yes, for closure. TN ADC 1200-

01-07-.03. No requirement for 

state or federally operated 

facilities or facilities with pre3/18/90 permits.

Class I : Yes, 6 inches 

compacted soil or approved 

alternative. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(6)(a)(3); Class II : No, not 

necessarily daily; depth and 

frequency of soil cover 

individualized by permit. TN ADC 

1200-01-07-.04(6)(b).

Yes. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(2)(j).

Yes. TN ADC 1200-01-07-

.04(2)(i), (n). No. No. No.
State

Alabama

Texas

Utah

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Grandfathering of old landfills Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Daily Cover Dust controls Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP 

results

Table 3: State Environmental Control Requirements for Coal Ash Landfills

Yes. 30 TX ADC 335.580.

Composite (30 mil flexible 

membrane upper; 3-foot soil). 30 

TX ADC 335.590(24)(A). / 

Alternative design per CEQ 

discretion. 30 TX ADC 330.335.

Yes. 30 TX ADC 335.590(24)(B); 

30 TX ADC 330.333.

Composite (4 feet of "clay-rich 

soil material"); 18 inches topsoil; 

flexible synthatic membrane over 

aerial fill. 30 TX ADC 

335.590(24)(E); 30 TX ADC 

330.457.

Yes, for closure, post-closure, 

corrective action, and third-party 

liability. 30 TX ADC 37.6021; 

37.6031.

Type I : Yes (6-inch earth); Type 

IV: Weekly cover. / Waiver per 

CEQ discretion. 30 TX ADC 

330.165.

Yes, but unspeficied. 30 TX ADC 

335.590(23). Yes. 30 TX ADC 335.590(24)( No. No. No.

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Yes. 9 VA ADC 20-80-60(B).

Soil (1-foot compacted soil; 1-foot 

drainage layer) or synthetic (30-

mil FML; 12-inch drainage layer). 

9 VA ADC 20-80-270(B)(14). 

Yes. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

250(B)(11); 20-80-290.

Soil (18-inch infiltration layer; 6-

inch erosion layer). 9 VA ADC 20-

80-270(E)(1); 20-80-250(E)(1).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action for nongovernment-owned solid waste 

facilities. 9 VA ADC 20-70-90.

Discretionary. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

270(C)(12)(c). 

Yes. 9 VA ADC 20-80-

270(C)(12)(c). Yes. 9 VA ADC 20-80-250(B)(6). No.

Yes. Expansion of pre-10-9-93 

on-site landfills exempt from 

certain requirements. 9 VA ADC 

20-80-60(C)(1).

No.

No. Design standards apply to 

new construction and expansions. 

WAC 173-304-460.

Clay or other material (four feet). 

WAC 173-304-460(3)(c)(i). 

Alternative design: two liners (50 

mils synthetic upper; 2-foot clay or 

other material liner). WAC 173-

304-460(3)(c)(ii).

Yes. WAC 173-304-460(3)(b).

Low permeability soil (2 feet); 6-

inch topsoil final cover; 

vegetation. WAC 173-304-

460(3)(e)(i)-(iii).

Yes, for closure and post-closure 

of new, expanded, and exisiting 

as of 11-27-89 facilities. WAC 

173-304-467.

No. Compaction required. WAC 

173-304-460(4)(d)(ii). Yes. WAC 173-304-410(2)(j). Yes. WAC 173-304-460(3)(a)(iii)-(iv). No. No. No.

Yes. Liner system requirements 

apply to landfills placed in 

operation after 5-1-90. WV ADC 

s 33-1-5(5.5.b.1).

Clay (18 inches) and synthetic 

liner (60 mil ) or 2-foot clay liner. 

WV ADC s 33-1-5(5.5.b.1.A/B).

Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-4(4.8); s 33-

1-5(5.5.b.1.A).

Clay (1 foot). WV ADC s 33-1-

6(6.1.e.1.A.2).

Yes, closure, post-closure care, 

and corrective action. WV ADC s 

33-1-3(3.13). Non-commercial 

facilities exempt.

Yes. Composition not specified. 

WV ADC s 33-1-4(4.6.a.1.H). Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-4(4.5.g.1). Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-4(4.5.g.5); s 33-1-6(6.1.e.1.E). No. No. No.

Yes. Regs apply to new 

construction and expansion of old 

facilities. WI ADC s NR 504.05.

Composite liner (60 mil 

geomembrane upper; 4-foot clay 

lower). WI ADC s NR 

504.06(1)(a).

Yes. WI ADC s NR 504.06(5).

Clay (2 feet) or geosynthetic clay 

liner (GCL) over 2 feet of soil. WI 

ADC s NR 504.07(4).

Yes, for closure, long-term care, 

and remedial action. WI ADC s 

NR 520.05.

Not daily. WI ADC s NR 

506.05(2). Yes. WI ADC s NR 506.07(1)(n). Yes. WI ADC s NR 504.07(2). No. No. No.

No. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

2(a)(i).

Clay (at least 2 feet). WY ADC 

ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 4(k)(i). WY 

believes that CCR landfills should 

be afforded the same opportunity 

to demonstrate that a liner is not 

needed as Subtitle D provides for 

MSW landfills

Yes. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

3(j).

Subsoil (2 feet); topsoil (6 

inches). WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 

s. 7(d).

Yes, for closure, post-closure, and 

corrective action. WY ADC ENV 

SW Ch. 7 s. 3 

Not daily. Every 31 days. 

Composition not specified. WY 

ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 5(q). / Oneacre and larger CCW facilities 

may cover coal ash less 

frequently. WY ADC ENV SW 

Ch. 3 s. 5(q)(i). 

Yes. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

5(n). 

Yes. WY ADC ENV SW Ch. 3 s. 

4(i); s. 5(u), (v).

Yes. Exempt from liner 

requirements. WY ADC ENV SW 

Ch. 3 s 4(j)(iv). Less stringent 

cover requirements. WY ADC 

ENV SW Ch. 3 s 5(q)(i).

No. No.
State

Alabama

Arizona

Colorado

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Regulation date Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Limited impoundment regs. 6 CO 

ADC 1007-2 Part 1, Section 9

Site-specific. 6 CO ADC 1007-

2:1-9.1.4.

Discretionary. Class I 

Impoundments : double liners with 

high permeability collection layer 

between; Class II Impoundments : 

single liner. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-

9.3; 9.4. All SIs are required to 

have liners that meet certain 

performance criteria

No collection system. Monitoring 

system required. 6 CO ADC 1007-

2:1-9.3.

N/A N/A Yes - Required N/A N/A Yes. 6 CO ADC 1007-2:1-1.4. N/A

Regs appply to leachate collection 

impoundments only. 62 FL ADC 

62-701.400(6).

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Limited impoundments regs: if 

located in "setback zone" or 

"regulated recharge area" (water 

supply areas). 35 IL ADC 

616.441.

Yes. Some requirements and 

forced closures of existing plants. 

35 IL ADC 615.441.

Two or more liners with leachate 

collection between. Lower liner 

may be composed of 5-foot thick 

layer of clay or "other natural 

material" with specified 

permeability. 35 IL ADC 616.444.

Yes. Between liners. 35 IL ADC 

616.444.

Yes, but material unspecified. 

Must have same or lower 

permeability than lower liner. 35 

IL ADC 616.447(b)(3).

No. No. No. No. No.

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 4: State Environmental Requirements for Coal ash Surface Impoundments
State

Alabama Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Regulation date Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 4: State Environmental Requirements for Coal ash Surface Impoundments

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes - required N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. No specifc regs were 

cited in their comments. SIs do 

not have similar requirements 

under Kentucky regs. The 

owners/operators receive a permitby-rule which exempts 

owners/operators from most 

permitting requirements

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Adopted Feb. 1993. Amended 

Oct. 2007.

Yes. Existing impoundments 

exempt from liner standards. LAC 

33:VII.713.A.3.a.

Composite (30-mil 

geomembrane; 3 feet clay) or 

alternative. LAC 33:VII.713.A.3.d.

No.

Clay (24 inches) and 

geomembrane or alternative; 6 

inches topsoil. LAC 

33:VII.713.E.3.c.

Yes, for closure and post-closure. 

LAC 33:VII.1303. Yes. LAC 33:VII.713.A. No. No. No.

No regs. Storage of CCW in 

unlined surface impoundments 

prohibited without MDE 

authorization. COMAR 

26.04.10.05(B).

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Regs apply to industrial waste SIs 

closed as landfills. MI ADC 

R.299.4309.

Not specified. Some variances 

have been granted to facilities 

accepting waste before 1978

N/A Regs essentially requires a 

clay liner. MI has 4 SI's, but 2 are 

considered landfills. The liner 

requirements are essentially the 

same for SI's as they are for 

landfills. 

N/A

Erosion layer (6 inches earthen 

material for vegetation); 

infiltration layer (2 feet compacted 

soil OR felxible membrane 

liner); 2 feet of additional soil; or 

alternative. MI ADC 

R.299.4304.6. Low-hazard 

industrial waste landfills on natural 

soil sites may install cover not 

designed to minimize infiltration. 

MI ADC R.299.4304.7.

Yes, closure and post-closure. MI 

ADC R.299.4922.4. Yes. MI ADC R.299.4315.13. N/A No. Yes. MI ADC R.299.4311.

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No.

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. Solid Waste Disposal 

Area permits required if no 

NPDES permit. 10 CSR 80-

2.020.

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

Montana

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

Regulation date Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 4: State Environmental Requirements for Coal ash Surface Impoundments

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. Incorrect. SIs are 

regulated by the solid waste regs 

and fall under Subtitle D-like regs

N/A

N/A [EJ listed as no in the 

summary] Only one SI in NH and 

it has a plastic liner

N/A Yes-required-regulated under 

Subtitle D rules N/A N/A Yes-required N/A Yes-required Env-800 N/A N/A N/A

Regs appply to leachate collection 

impoundments only. NJ ADC 

7:26-2A.7(e)(12).

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Adopted 1988. Amended 1993. Yes. 6 NY ADC 360-6.1.

Two liners: upper 60-mil 

geosynthetic; lower composite 

(60mil geosynthetic; 2 feet 

compacted soil). 6 NY ADC 360-

6.5(b).

Yes, between two liners. 6 NY 

ADC 360-6.5(b)(2).

Removal upon closure. 6 NY 

ADC 360-6.6.

Discretionary. 6 NY ADC 360-

1.12(a), (b). No. No. No. No.

Regs appply to leachate collection 

impoundments only. 15A NCAC 

13B.1680(e).

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Regulation date Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 4: State Environmental Requirements for Coal ash Surface Impoundments

12/1/1992 Yes. ND ADC 33-20-01.1-02; 33-

20-03.1-04.

Soil (4 feet) or synthetic. ND 

ADC 33-20-08.1-01(2)(b).

Yes. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-

09(3)(e), 33-20-07.1-01(4).

Removal/reclamation OR 

treatment/cap; not specified. ND 

ADC 33-20-08.1-02; 33-20-04.1-

09.

Yes, for closure and third-party 

liability; for corrective action at 

agency's discretion. ND ADC 33-

20-14-01.

Yes. ND ADC 33-20-04.1-

09(3)(a). No. No. No.

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

6/12/2000 No regs because no 

SIs No. OK ADC 252: 616-3-1.

Dependent on waste 

classification. Clay, composite, 

felxible membrane liner, or 

concrete. OK ADC 252: 616-7-2.

No. Clay or FML. OK ADC 252: 616-

13-3(d)(6)(B). No. Yes. OK ADC 252: 616-7-1(1). No. No. No.

Jan. 13, 2001 Yes. But DEP may require 

closure. 25 PA ADC 287.111.

Class I Impoundments :

• 6-inch soil/earthen subbase; 

clay or composite secondary 

liner; 12-inch leachate detection 

zone; composite primary liner; 18-

inch protective cover including 

leachate collection system. 25 

PA ADC 289.431--439.

Class II Impoundments :

• 6-inch soil/earthen subbase; 12-

inch leachate detection zone; 

composite liner (geosynthetic 

upper and earthern compopsite); 

18-inch protective cover including 

leachate collection system. 25 

PA ADC 289.531--538.

Yes. 25 PA ADC 289.413; 

289.451--457; 25 PA ADC 

289.513; 289.551--557.

Clay or geosynthetic (1.0 x 10-7 

cm/sec permeability); drainage 

layer; 2-foot vegetative soil. 25 

PA ADC 289.242; Appx. A.

Bond for closure. 25 PA ADC 

287.342. Insurance for thirdparty claims. 25 PA ADC 

287.371. 

Yes. 25 PA ADC 289.271(a)(6); 

25 PA ADC 289.413.(c)(3); 

289.454(a)(4); 289.513(c)(3); 

289.554(a)(4).

No. No. No.

No regs. SIs regulated under the 

Pollution Contol Act. N/A

N/A SC commented that design 

criteria for new SIs require an 

appropriate liner to protect GW

N/A N/A Required under closure 

provisions N/A

N/A SC commented that run off 

is controlled through individual 

NPDES permits or their industrial 

stormwater permits

N/A N/A N/A

No regs. THERE ARE NO 

SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS IN 

SOUTH DAKOTA

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
State

Alabama

Texas

Utah

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Regulation date Grandfathering of old 

impoundments Liner type Leachate collection system Cap Financial assurance Run-on, run-off controls Monofill exemption Onsite exemption Exemption based on TCLP results

Table 4: State Environmental Requirements for Coal ash Surface Impoundments

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

No regs. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Regs apply if closed in place as 

landfill. 9 VA ADC 20-80-380. N/A N/A Site-specific N/A Material not specified. 9 VA ADC 20-80-380(B)(2)(d). N/A N/A N/A Yes. VA ADC 20-80-60(E)(8) N/A

9/8/2000

Yes. Design standards apply to 

new construction and expansions. 

WAC 173-304-460.

Soil (2 feet) or synthetic (30 mil). 

WAC 173-304-430(2)(b)

Must have either GW monitoring 

OR leachate detection/ collection/ 

treatment. WAC 173-304-

430(2)(f).

Removal OR soil cap (2 feet); 6-

inch topsoil final cover; 

vegetation. WAC 173-304-

460(3)(e)(i)-(iii).

No. Yes. WAC 173-304-460(3)(a)(iii)-

(iv). No. No. No.

1-May-90

Yes. Liner system requirements 

apply to SIs placed in operation 

after 5-1-90. WV ADC s 33-1-

5(5.5.b.1).

Two liners and leak detection 

system. WV ADC s 33-1-

4(4.8.c.3.B). 60 mil synthetic top 

liner; composite lower (2-foot 

clay/60mil synthetic); protective 

cover over top liner.

Yes. WV ADC s 33-1-4(4.8); s 33-

1-5(5.5.b.1.A). No. No. N/A No. No. No.

Discretionary regulation of 

industrial lagoons not licensed 

under other solid waste 

provisions. WI ADC s NR 213.02.

Yes. WI ADC s NR 213.03(1).

Soil or synthetic. WI ADC s NR 

213.10(1)(a)(1). Yes. WI ADC s NR 213.14(7).

No capping requirement. 

Abandonment plan to be 

submitted to DNR. WI ADC s NR 

213.07.

N/A No. No. No. No.

No regs. Yes - WQD regs N/A

N/A SHWD may require a subtitel 

D composite liner. Site specific 

variances available. WQD 

requires liners.

N/A N/A

N/A ShWD FA may be required 

in the event of a discharge 

pollution

N/A N/A N/A N/A