NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee, 

 v. 

SARAH NICOLE KELLEY, 

Defendant-Appellant.

No. 22-10106 

D.C. No. 

2:19-cr-01143-JJT-1 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of Arizona

John Joseph Tuchi, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted September 12, 2023**

Phoenix, Arizona

Before: GOULD, HURWITZ, and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges.

Sarah Nicole Kelley was convicted on multiple counts of wire fraud in 

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343 and money laundering in violation of 18 U.S.C. 

§ 1957. On appeal, she challenges only four of the wire fraud convictions,

contending that the government failed to present sufficient evidence that the wire 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

FILED

SEP 14 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

transmissions were made for the purpose of executing her scheme to defraud. We 

affirm.

This court reviews a claim of insufficiency of the evidence de novo. United 

States v. Sandoval-Gonzalez, 642 F.3d 717, 727 (9th Cir. 2011). We must affirm if 

the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, “is adequate to 

allow ‘any rational trier of fact [to find] the essential elements of the crime beyond 

a reasonable doubt.”’ United States v. Nevils, 598 F.3d 1158, 1164 (9th Cir. 2010) 

(en banc) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979)).

To convict a defendant of wire fraud, the government must prove “(1) the 

existence of a scheme to defraud; (2) the use of wire, radio, or television to further 

the scheme; and (3) a specific intent to defraud.” United States v. Jinian, 725 F.3d 

954, 960 (9th Cir. 2013). “A wire communication is in furtherance of a fraudulent 

scheme if it is incident to the execution of the scheme, meaning that it need not be 

an essential element of the scheme, just a step in the plot.” Id. (simplified).

Kelley seeks reversal of Counts 6–9 of her wire fraud convictions, which 

encompassed the transmission of Capital Fund’s1release of interest in four of 

Kelley’s investment properties to the relevant county recorders after Capital Fund 

received repayments for the loan made to Kelley. Kelley argues that her scheme 

1 Capital Fund I and Capital Fund II are two parts of the same business.
3 

was to fraudulently obtain money from victim J.L., and thus the transmission of the 

release deeds was immaterial to the execution of her scheme.

A rational jury could conclude that Kelley’s aim was not only to take J.L.’s 

money, but also to use that money to pay off her debts to Capital Fund and then sell 

her newly unencumbered investment properties. After making several 

misrepresentations to J.L., Kelley caused J.L. to wire $55,000 to Kelley’s 

construction company. Part of this $55,000 was in turn transmitted to Capital Fund. 

Kelley also caused J.L. to send $130,000 directly to Capital Fund. The total amount 

obtained from J.L. was enough to pay off Kelley’s loan to Capital Fund. And after 

Kelley regained unencumbered ownership over the investment properties, she sold 

the properties for her own gain. So a rational jury could conclude that Kelley’s 

scheme was not complete until she obtained unencumbered deeds to her investment 

properties. Under these facts, the transmission of the release deeds was thus 

“incident to the execution of the scheme.” Jinian, 725 F.3d at 960.

AFFIRMED.