[Cite as Helms v. Diefendorf, 2023-Ohio-911.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

COUNTY OF SUMMIT )

JOEL HELMS

Appellant

v.

BETH DIEFENDORF

Appellee

C.A. No. 30064

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT

ENTERED IN THE

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS

COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO

CASE No. MS 2021 00 0015

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: March 22, 2023

SUTTON, Presiding Judge. 

{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant, Joel Helms appeals the judgment of the Summit County Court 

of Common Pleas. For the reasons that follow, this Court affirms. 

I.

Relevant Background

{¶2} In April 2021, Mr. Helms filed citizen affidavits in the trial court against two 

employees of the City of Akron. In so doing, Mr. Helms requested the trial court issue arrest 

warrants, pursuant to R.C. 2935.09, for grand theft and aggravated theft, which are both felonies, 

against Beth Diefendorf and Duane Groeger respectively. Mr. Helms based his allegations of theft 

upon the City of Akron’s condemnation of certain real properties owned by John Helms and 

Thomas Lavery Jr. A trial court magistrate, pursuant to R.C. 2935.10, referred the matter to the 

Summit County Prosecutor for investigation. Further, the magistrate found “the affidavits lack a 

meritorious claim and were not made in good faith.” Mr. Helms filed a timely objection to the 
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magistrate’s decision arguing the trial court “should immediately issue warrant[s] and protect 

victims,” because the magistrate lacked a “statutory [reason] to defer[.]” 

{¶3} The trial court, in adopting the magistrate’s decision, stated: 

This [c]ourt finds [Mr. Helms’] affidavit fails to set forth sufficient allegations to 

support a charge of theft against [Ms. Diefendorf] pursuant to [R.C. 2935.09]. In 

addition, the [c]ourt finds [Mr. Helms] appears to be challenging the 

constitutionality and /or legal process of condemnation, and [R.C. 2935.09] is not 

the proper method for such challenges or to seek redress where there is an 

established appeal process for such actions. Therefore, this [c]ourt finds there is 

sufficient evidence to support the [m]agistrate’s determination that the affidavit 

lacks a meritorious claim and it was not made in good faith.1 

{¶4} Mr. Helms now appeals raising three assignments of error for our review. To better 

facilitate our review and analysis, we reorder and group certain assignments of error. 

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE REVIEWING OFFICIAL MUST INDICT UNLESS [THE] 

AFFIDAVIT IS NOT COMPLETE AS TO [THE] ELEMENTS OF [THE] 

CRIME. IF INCOMPLETE, THE AFFIDAVIT MUST BE TRANSFERRED 

TO [THE] PROSECUTOR FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND 

DISPOSITION. [THE] 25TH JUNE ORDER [] STATES ALLEGATIONS 

FAIL SUFFICIENCY TEST BUT FAILS TO SAY WHAT ELEMENTS OF 

CRIME ARE MISSING. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

THE SOURCE OF AFFIDAVIT, GENERAL CONTRACTOR, NOT 

OWNER, HAS KNOWLEDGE OF NO OTHER MEANS IN LAW TO 

PROTECT FROM GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS AGAINST VICTIMS 

THAT THE ALLEGED DEFENDANTS HAD INFORMATIONAL 

RESOURCE TO KNOW WERE NOT SANCTIONED IN LAW[.]

{¶5} In his first and third assignments of error, Mr. Helms asserts the trial court erred, 

pursuant to R.C. 2935.09 and R.C. 2935.10, in referring this matter to the Summit County 

1 The trial court did not address the citizen affidavit filed against Mr. Groeger due to 

deficient service of process. 
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prosecuting attorney for further investigation prior to issuing an arrest warrant. For the following 

reasons, we disagree. 

{¶6} A trial court’s obligations with regard to citizen affidavits are set forth in R.C. 

2935.09 and 2935.10. R.C. 2935.09(D), which authorize a private citizen “who seeks to cause an 

arrest or prosecution” to “file an affidavit charging the offense committed with a reviewing official 

for the purpose of review to determine if a complaint should be filed by the prosecuting attorney.” 

State ex rel. Brown v. Nusbaum, 152 Ohio St. 3d 284, 2017-Ohio-9141, ¶ 12. “We read this section 

in pari materia with R.C. 2935.10, which ‘prescribes the procedure to be followed once a citizen 

files a criminal complaint’ under R.C. 2935.09.” Id., quoting State ex rel. Bunting v. Styer, 147 

Ohio St.3d 462, 2016-Ohio-5781, ¶ 15. If the citizen affidavit charges a felony, R.C. 2935.10 

directs a judge who is reviewing the affidavit to do one of two things: (1) “issue a warrant for the 

arrest of the person charged in the affidavit” or (2) “refer the matter to the prosecuting attorney * 

* * for investigation prior to the issuance of [a] warrant” if the judge “has reason to believe that 

[the affidavit] was not filed in good faith, or the claim is not meritorious.” R.C. 2935.10(A); see 

State ex rel. Boylen v. Harmon, 107 Ohio St.3d 370, 2006-Ohio-7, ¶ 7. 

{¶7} This Court applies an abuse of discretion standard to “a judge's decision not to issue 

a warrant based on an accusation by affidavit filed pursuant to R.C. 2935.09 and 2935.10.” Hillman 

v. O’Shaughnessy, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 16AP-571, 2017-Ohio-489, ¶ 7, citing In re Slayman, 

5th Dist. Licking No. 08CA70, 2008-Ohio-6713, ¶ 19.

{¶8} The record reveals a trial court magistrate referred Mr. Helms’ citizen affidavits to 

the Summit County prosecuting attorney for further investigation because they lacked a 

meritorious claim and were not made in good faith. Further, in ruling upon Mr. Helms’ objections, 

the trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision as to Ms. Diefendorf and determined Mr. Helms 
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did not perfect service upon Mr. Groeger. The trial court further explained Mr. Helms’ affidavit 

against Ms. Diefendorf appeared to be challenging the constitutionality and/or legal process of 

condemnation, which is insufficient to support a citizen affidavit alleging grand theft. 

{¶9} Importantly, Mr. Helms does not point this Court to any caselaw, or develop a 

cogent argument supporting his contention that the trial court erred in referring his citizen affidavit 

to the Summit County prosecuting attorney for further investigation, where, pursuant to R.C. 

2935.10, the trial court determined the affidavit was not filed in good faith and/or did not set forth 

a meritorious claim. See R.C. 2935.10(A). “As this Court has repeatedly held, ‘[i]f an argument 

exists that can support [an] assignment of error, it is not this [C]ourt's duty to root it out.’” In re 

Guardianship of Jenkins, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29981, 2022-Ohio-1043, ¶ 10, quoting King v. 

Divoky, 9th Dist. Summit No. 29769, 2021-Ohio-1712, ¶ 50, quoting Cardone v. Cardone, 9th 

Dist. Summit No. 18349, 1998 WL 224934, * 8, (May 6, 1998).

{¶10} Accordingly, Mr. Helms’ first and third assignments of error are overruled. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

IT IS NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF AFFIANT TO SERVE NOTICE TO 

ACCUSED AS JUDGE MAKES NOTE IN ORDER FOOTNOTE PG 3.

{¶11} In his second assignment of error, Mr. Helms contends the trial court erred in 

refusing to consider the citizen affidavit he filed against Mr. Groeger due to lack of service. For 

the following reasons, we are not persuaded. 

{¶12} The record reveals Mr. Helms filed his initial citizen affidavit against Ms. 

Diefendorf on April 1, 2021. Mr. Helms also filed instructions for service wherein he instructed 

the clerk of courts to serve “[a]ny [j]udge or [m]agistrate.” Magistrate Kandi O’Connor was served 

on April 2, 2021, with notice of Mr. Helms’ filing. On April 19, 2021, Mr. Helms filed a second 

citizen affidavit against Mr. Groeger. Mr. Helms did not file instructions for service at this time. 
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The magistrate issued an order referring the matter to the Summit County prosecuting attorney on 

April 28, 2021, and also issued notice of the order to Mr. Helms and Ms. Diefendorf. Mr. Groeger 

did not receive notice of this order. Mr. Helms filed an objection to the magistrate’s order and the 

trial court issued an order stating, in part: 

This [c]ourt notes a second affidavit was filed with reference to “Duane [Groeger] 

Amended additional defendant.” However, the [c]ourt finds the filing of this 

document is insufficient to add a defendant pursuant to the Ohio Rules of Civil 

Procedure, nor does the document or the docket reflect service of this affidavit upon 

either [Ms. Diefendorf] or [Mr. Groeger]. Therefore, [t]his court finds the affidavit 

is not properly before this [c]ourt and will not be addressed in this decision. 

The trial court’s order was also served upon Mr. Helms and Ms. Diefendorf, but not upon Mr. 

Groeger. 

{¶13} As indicated above, Mr. Helms does not point this Court to any caselaw, or develop 

a cogent argument supporting his contention that the trial court erred in disregarding the citizen 

affidavit filed against Mr. Groeger. See In re Guardianship of Jenkins at ¶ 10. Moreover, 

assuming arguendo the trial court erred in disregarding this affidavit, the matter would have been 

referred to the Summit County prosecuting attorney, pursuant to R.C. 2935.10, along with the other 

affidavit, for further investigation. Notably, both affidavits allege felony theft based upon the City 

of Akron’s condemnation of certain properties, which the trial court determined was not a 

meritorious claim made in good faith. 

{¶14} Accordingly, Mr. Helms’ second assignment of error is overruled. 

III.

{¶15} For the reasons stated above, Mr. Helms’ three assignments of error are overruled. 

The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
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Judgment affirmed. 

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy 

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period 

for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to 

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the 

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

BETTY SUTTON

FOR THE COURT

STEVENSON, J.

FLAGG LANZINGER, J.

CONCUR.
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APPEARANCES:

JOEL HELMS, pro se, Appellant.

EVE V. BELFANCE, Director of Law, and JOHN R. YORK and KIRSTEN L. SMITH, Assistant 

Directors of Law, for Appellee.