# Patent

## Title
Combined direct and indirect charging system for electrostatically-aided coating system

## Abstract

An electrostatically aided coating atomizing and dispensing apparatus includes an atomizer, a voltage block, a source of electrically non-insulative coating material to be dispensed from the atomizer, an indirect charging apparatus, and at least one source of high magnitude electrical potential. The source of electrically non-insulative coating material is coupled to an input port of the voltage block. An output port of the voltage block is coupled to the atomizer. The indirect charging apparatus is operatively mounted with respect to the atomizer. The at least one source of high magnitude electrical potential is coupled to an input port of the atomizer and to an input port of the indirect charging apparatus.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to coating material atomizing, charging and dispensing systems including devices for electrically isolating coating dispensing equipment which is maintained at high-magnitude electrostatic potential from coating material sources supplying the coating dispensing equipment. Such devices are commonly known, and are generally referred to hereinafter, as voltage blocks.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various types of electrostatically aided coating equipment are known. There are, for example, the devices and systems illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,423,143; 6,021,965; 5,944,045; RE35,883; 5,787,928; 5,759,277; 5,746,831; 5,737,174; 5,727,931; 5,725,150; 5,707,013; 5,655,896; 5,632,816; 5,549,755; 5,538,186; 5,526,986; 5,518,186; 5,341,990; 5,340,289; 5,326,031; 5,288,029; 5,271,569; 5,255,856; 5,221,194; 5,208,078; 5,197,676; 5,193,750; 5,154,357; 5,096,126; 5,094,389; 5,078,168; 5,033,942; 4,982,903; 4,932,589; 4,921,169; 4,884,752; 4,879,137; 4,878,622; 4,792,092; 4,771,729; 4,413,788; 4,383,644; 4,313,475; 4,275,834; 4,085,892; 4,020,866; 4,017,029; 3,937,400; 3,934,055; 3,933,285; 3,893,620; 3,291,889; 3,122,320; 3,098,890; 2,673,232; 2,547,440; and, 1,655,262; as well as WO 2005/014178; GB2,166,982; U.K. Patent Specifications 1,393,333 and 1,478,853; JP4-267961; JP4-200662; JP7-88407; JP51-54638; JP54-101843; JP4-66149; JP3-178354; JP3217394 and, JP3378058. U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,282 is also of interest. The disclosures of these references are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This listing is not intended to be a representation that a complete search of all relevant art has been made, or that no more pertinent art than that listed exists, or that the listed art is material to patentability. Nor should any such representation be inferred.
One characteristic typically associated with systems of the types illustrated and described in these disclosures is that the high magnitude potential applied to the dispensing device also appears across the voltage block. This potential results in electrical stress to voltage block components, which can ultimately lead to the failure of such components. Because of this, efforts have been directed toward reducing the magnitude of the potential applied to the atomizer, in order to reduce voltage stress on components of the voltage block. However, in the past, such efforts often have had a deleterious effect on the efficiency with which atomized coating material particles are transferred to the articles (hereinafter sometimes targets) which are to be coated by the atomized coating material particles. This is to be understood. In the prior art, reduced high magnitude potential means reduced transfer of electrons to the coating material particles as they are atomized.
This application describes an effort to reverse the reduced transfer efficiency which in the past has attended reducing the magnitude of the potential supplied to the atomizer.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the invention, an electrostatically aided coating atomizing and dispensing apparatus comprises an atomizer, a voltage block, a source of electrically non-insulative coating material to be dispensed from the atomizer, an indirect charging apparatus, and first and second sources of high magnitude electrical potential. The source of electrically non-insulative coating material is coupled to an input port of the voltage block. An output port of the voltage block is coupled to the atomizer. The indirect charging apparatus is operatively mounted with respect to the atomizer. The first source of high magnitude electrical potential is coupled to an input port of the atomizer. The second source of high magnitude electrical potential is coupled to an input port of the indirect charging apparatus.
According to another aspect of the invention, an electrostatically aided coating atomizing and dispensing apparatus comprises an atomizer, a voltage block, a source of electrically non-insulative coating material to be dispensed from the atomizer, an indirect charging apparatus, and a source of high magnitude electrical potential. The source of electrically non-insulative coating material is coupled to an input port of the voltage block. An output port of the voltage block is coupled to the atomizer. The indirect charging apparatus is operatively mounted with respect to the atomizer. The source of high magnitude electrical potential is coupled to an input port of the atomizer and to an input port of the indirect charging apparatus.
Further illustratively according to this aspect of the invention, the apparatus includes a voltage divider. The source of high magnitude electrical potential is coupled to at least one of an input port of the atomizer and an input port of the indirect charging apparatus through the voltage divider.
Illustratively according to this aspect of the invention, the voltage divider is selectively adjustable.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention may best be understood by referring to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment and accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a highly diagrammatic side elevational view of a prior art system;
FIG. 2 illustrates a highly diagrammatic side elevational view of another prior art system;
FIG. 3 illustrates a highly diagrammatic side elevational view of a system constructed according to the invention and,
FIG. 4 illustrates a highly diagrammatic side elevational view of another system constructed according to the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
As used in this application, terms such as “electrically conductive” and “electrically non-insulative” refer to a broad range of conductivities electrically more conductive than materials described as “electrically non-conductive” and “electrically insulative.” Terms such as “electrically semiconductive” refer to a broad range of conductivities between electrically conductive and electrically non-conductive.
Referring now to FIG. 1, many prior art systems 10 have been designed to effect electrostatically aided atomization and dispensing of electrically non-insulative, for example, water base, coatings using voltage blocks 12, for example, voltage blocks of the types illustrated in various ones of the above-identified U.S. and foreign patents and published applications. In such installations, a supply 14 of electrically non-insulative, for example, water base, coating material is coupled through a delivery conduit 16 to an input port of voltage block 12.
An output port of voltage block 12 is coupled through a delivery conduit 18 to an input port of an atomizer 20, for example, a high- or low-pressure air assisted or airless manual or automatic spray atomizer of the general type illustrated and described in any of the following U.S. Patents and published applications: 2003/0006322; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,712,292; 6,698,670; 6,669,112; 6,572,029; 6,460,787; 6,402,058; RE36,378; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,276,616; 6,189,809; 6,179,223; 5,836,517; 5,829,679; 5,803,313; RE35,769; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,639,027; 5,618,001; 5,582,350; 5,553,788; 5,400,971; 5,395,054; D349,559; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,351,887; 5,332,159; 5,332,156; 5,330,108; 5,303,865; 5,299,740; 5,289,974; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,284,301; 5,284,299; 5,236,129; 5,209,405; 5,209,365; 5,178,330; 5,119,992; 5,118,080; 5,180,104; D325,241; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,090,623; 5,074,466; 5,064,119; 5,054,687; D318,712; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,022,590; 4,993,645; 4,934,607; 4,934,603; 4,927,079; 4,911,367; D305,453; D305,452; D305,057; D303,139; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,844,342; 4,770,117; 4,760,962; 4,759,502; 4,747,546; 4,702,420; 4,613,082; 4,606,501; D287,266; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,537,357; 4,529,131; 4,513,913; 4,483,483; 4,453,670; 4,437,614; 4,433,812; 4,401,268; 4,361,283; D270,368; D270,367; D270,180; D270,179; RE30,968; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,331,298; 4,248,386; 4,214,709; 4,174,071; 4,174,070; 4,169,545; 4,165,022; D252,097; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,133,483; 4,116,364; 4,114,564; 4,105,164; 4,081,904; 4,037,561; 4,030,857; 4,002,777; 4,001,935; 3,990,609; 3,964,683; and, 3,940,061; and, the Ransburg model REA 3, REA 4, REA 70, REA 90, REM and M-90 guns, all available from ITW Ransburg, 320 Phillips Avenue, Toledo, Ohio, 43612-1493; or a rotary atomizer of the general type illustrated and described in any of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,230,993; 6,076,751; 6,042,030; 5,957,395; 5,662,278; 5,633,306; 5,632,448; 5,622,563; 4,505,430; 5,433,387; 4,447,008; 4,381,079; and, 4,275,838; and, “AerobellTM Powder Applicator ITW Automatic Division” and “AerobellTM & Aerobell PlusTM Rotary Atomizer, DeVilbiss Ransburg Industrial Liquid Systems.” The disclosures of these references are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This listing is not intended to be a representation that a complete search of all relevant art has been made, or that no more pertinent art than that listed exists, or that the listed art is material to patentability. Nor should any such representation be inferred.
In such installations, a source 22 of high magnitude electrical potential providing a voltage in the range of, for example, −40 KV to −100 KV, is coupled to an input port of atomizer 20 to provide electrical charge to the particles of coating material as they are atomized by atomizer 20. Source 22 may be, for example, of the general type illustrated and described in any of U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,562,137; 6,423,142; 6,144,570; 5,978,244; 5,159,544; 4,745,520; 4,506,260; 4,485,427; 4,324,812; 4,187,527; 4,075,677; 3,894,272; 3,875,892; and, 3,851,618. The disclosures of these references are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This listing is not intended to be a representation that a complete search of all relevant art has been made, or that no more pertinent art than that listed exists, or that the listed art is material to patentability. Nor should any such representation be inferred.
High magnitude potential is coupled from source 22 to the general region of the atomizer 20 where atomization and dispensing of the particles toward a target 24 being conveyed past the atomizer 20 on, for example, a grounded conveyor 26, is taking place. The particles are charged as they are dispensed. Owing to their charge, the particles are attracted toward the target 24 in accordance with well-known principles. Shunting of the high magnitude potential from source 22 to ground, for example, through the typically grounded coating material supply 14 is prevented by the voltage block 12 coupled between the high magnitude potential source 22 and the coating material supply 14.
In another prior art system 100 illustrated in FIG. 2, an atomizer 120 of any of the general types described above, or other well-known type, is provided with an indirect charging device 130, for example, one of the general type illustrated and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,085,373; 4,955,960; 4,872,616; 4,852,810; 4,771,949; 4,760,965; 4,143,819; 4,114,810; 3,408,985; 3,952,951; 3,393,662; 2,960,273; and, 2,890,388.
In such installations, a supply 114 of electrically non-insulative, for example, water base, coating material is coupled directly to an input port of atomizer 120, for example, an atomizer of the general type illustrated and described in any of the above identified U.S. Patents and published applications. A source 122 of high magnitude electrical potential providing a voltage in the range of, for example, −40 KV to −100 KV, is coupled to the indirect charging device 130. Again, the source 122 of high magnitude potential may be, for example, of the general type illustrated and described in any of the above identified U.S. Patents. In this system, the electrically non-insulative coating material is dispensed prior to charging and is indirectly charged by corona discharge from the indirect charging device 130. Since no continuous path exists between the indirect charging device 130 and the coating material supply 114, shunting of the high magnitude potential source 122 to ground is avoided.
FIG. 3 illustrates a system 200 constructed according to the present invention. In the illustrated system, a supply 214 of electrically non-insulative, for example, water base, coating material is coupled through a delivery conduit 216 to an input port of a voltage block 212. An output port of the voltage block 212 is coupled through a delivery conduit 218 to an input port of an atomizer 220, for example, an atomizer of the general type illustrated and described in any of the above identified U.S. Patents. A source 222 of high magnitude electrical potential providing a voltage in the range of, for example, −40 KV to −100 KV, is coupled to an input port of the atomizer 220 to provide electrical charge to the particles of coating material as they are atomized. The source 222 of high magnitude potential may be, for example, of the general type illustrated and described in any of the above identified U.S. Patents. The atomizer 220 is further provided with an indirect charging device 230, for example, one of the general type illustrated and described in the above identified U.S. Patents. A source 232 of high magnitude electrical potential providing a voltage in the range of, for example, −40 KV to −100 KV, is coupled to the indirect charging device 230. The source 232 of high magnitude potential may be, for example, of the general type illustrated and described in any of the above identified U.S. Patents.
This arrangement permits sources 222 and 232 to be controlled independently of each other. In certain installations, this flexibility may not be necessary, or the expense of separate supplies warranted. In such circumstances the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 4 may be employed. In FIG. 4, a high impedance voltage divider 334 including fixed or variable impedance elements 334-Z1 and 334-Z2 may be provided to divide the voltage provided at the output port of a single high magnitude potential source 322 for coupling to whichever of the atomizer 320 or indirect charging device 330 (in this embodiment the atomizer 320) is to be run at the lower magnitude potential.
The following table compares the performance of the system 200 illustrated in FIG. 3 to the system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 and the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 2.
















FIG. 2


FIG. 3 hybrid
FIG. 3 hybrid


Transfer
indirect
FIG. 1 direct
FIG. 1 direct
charging
charging


efficiency
charging
charging
charging
@ −40
@ −60


summary
@ −70 KV
@ −70 KV
@ −100 KV
KV/−70 KV
KV/−70 KV







Soft pattern
62.7%
67.7%
72.7%
67.7%
70.4%


full flat panel


Hard pattern
65.5%

70.1%


full flat panel


Soft pattern 6′′
49.1%
61.9%
68.8%


(about 15.24 cm)


ASTM panel array


Hard pattern 6′′
39.5%

57.7%


(about 15.24 cm)


ASTM panel array









The system 200 illustrated in FIG. 3 thus achieves results comparable to the best results achieved with either direct or indirect charging alone, while permitting a reduction in magnitude from 70 KV to 40 KV or from 100 KV to 60 KV in the direct charging voltage. These reductions result in lower electrical stress and demand on the voltage block 212, permitting it to operate more reliably in the lower voltage range while achieving the transfer efficiency only available at much higher magnitude voltages in the prior art. These reductions also permit the use of simpler, lower cost voltage blocks 212 and high magnitude potential supplies 222.

## Claims

1. An electrostatically aided coating atomizing and dispensing apparatus comprising an atomizer, a voltage block, a source of electrically non-insulative coating material to be dispensed from the atomizer, an indirect charging apparatus, and first and second sources of high magnitude electrical potential, the source of electrically non-insulative coating material being coupled to an input port of the voltage block, an output port of the voltage block being coupled to the atomizer, the indirect charging apparatus being operatively mounted with respect to the atomizer, the first source of high magnitude electrical potential being coupled to an input port of the atomizer and the second source of high magnitude electrical potential being coupled to an input port of the indirect charging apparatus.