Need to return call by / at/between and

. Signature:

___________________________ Project No.: 0172.09. 038.082 Page 1 of 2

Project Name: Shale Gas 

### CBI?

Yes

No TELEPHONE CALL RECOR D Incoming Outgoing Date: 9/26/11 Time: 3:50 am

pm

Company Name: Severn Trent ERG Staff Name: Brent Ruminski

Contact Name: Rich Dennis Contact Phone Number: 813

- 886

- 9331

General Subject: Severn Trent: Higgins Loop TM (Ion Exchange)



### TOPICS DISCUSSED AND ACTION TAKEN

I called Severn Trent 9/26/11 at 3:50 PM , and left a message with callback information and a gene ral idea of why I was calling.

I received a call back on 9/27/11 at 4 :00 PM from Nadia Abboud ( Severn Trent ) . She asked some general questions about what I would like to discuss. As we were talking she wrote an email that she copied me on to

another contact , Rich Dennis, at Severn Trent that should be able to discuss the Tetra Higgins Loop TM process with me. Rich emailed me at 5:00 PM on the same day (9/27/11) and agreed to talk Thursday (9/29/11) morning.

I c alled Rich Dennis on 9/29/11 at 10 :00 AM and l eft a voicemai l. Rich called back at 10:30 AM and we

discuss ed Severn Trent’s Higgins Loop TM t echnology. Rich is the product manager of the Higgins Loop TM at
Severn Trent and helped in the development of the Higgins Loop TM at Severn Trent.

General: Rich talk ed about h ow the Higgins Loop TM was a good fit for application in the CBM industry, especially in the Powder River Basin because of the high bicarbonate concentrations in the produced water. The bicarbonate eliminates the need to have a anion resin. Only a cation re sin is required in this region. He said that typical influent sodium concentration for the Higgins Loop TM is 1200 mg/L and the associated influent TDS

concentration is about 4,500 mg/L. Rich commented that

, at this operating point, the regen erate waste st ream would be less than 1% of the influent stream. Rich said

, in theory, the Higgins Loop TM can remove TDS as high as you want but it is no longer economically above the typical ranges (listed above) . However, because of

the high cost of a cid , which is used to regenerate resin during operation, high TDS removal is not practical. As influent TDS increases the quantity of acid required increases. Rich mentioned that not only can the cost of acid be high, be it is extremely volatile on the market

.

Disposal: Rich explain ed that the effluent streams (both the brine and treated water) are disposed of in normal practice. Brine streams are usually injected in deep underground wells . T he treated water is blended back with produced water to dilute it. Once the blended water meets discharge standards, it may be discharged depending on the operator’s location

.

Energy Usage: Rich said that a 2 MGD unit would require about 8 HP of electrical energy. He compared ion exchange to other technologies for wast ewater treatment and said that ion exchange has high chemical requirements and low energy requirements , whereas the others (RO, Evaporation, Distillation) have high energy requirements

.

Pretreatment: Rich said the only two constituents that operators worr y about removing before using the Higgins Loop TM are TSS and hydrocarbon s

.Need to return call by / at/between and

. Signature:

___________________________ Resins: I mentioned that 10

- 15 years of resin life is reported in the literature and Rich said that is somewhat

accurate but it ’ s hard to say. Rich said that 10 to 15% of the res in will be replaced annually instead of all at

once. He said that temperature changes have no affect on the resin.

Rich could not direct me to any specific case studies. He sa id that the private industry does not like to open case study information up t o the public. When the conversation was over, Rich asked how this information may be used and I said we are writing a report for EPA on natural gas wastewater treatment technologies. I offered him

Brian Damico’s contact information , which he accepted

.