( Adopted: 1/ 9/76; Amended: 4/1/77; Amended: 8/5/77; Amended: 4/6/79; Amended: 8 /7/81; Readopted by Statute: 07/01/97; Readopted by Statute: 01/01/02; Amended: 5/17/05; Amended: mm/dd/yy)

AVAQMD RULE 218 218-1 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 

## RULE 218

Stack Continuous Emission Monitoring

(A) General

(1) Purpose

(a) The purpose of this rule is to specify Continuo us Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) approvals and standards.

(2) Applicability

(a) The provisions of this rule shall apply to all sources that require CEMS as specified in the regulations or permit conditions, with the following exceptions: [Derived from SCAQMD Rule 218 §(b) (1) .]

(i) This rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to Re gulation IX – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources , Regulation X – National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Poll utants , or Rule 3010 – Acid Rain Provisions of Federal Operating Permits

. (ii) This rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to p ermit conditions where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the per formance of the basic and/or control equipment and not to deter mine compliance with any applicable limit or standard. (iii) This rule shall not apply to CEMS where alter native performance specifications are required by another District rul e. 

### (B) Definitions

[Relocated from former section (G). New definition s are from SCAQMD Rule 218 unless otherwise indicated.]

(1) “Analyzer” – The part of the CEMS that analyzes the appropriate gaseous constituents of the conditioned gaseous sample or m easures stack gas volumetric flow and fuel flow rates, as applicable.218-2 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (a) Contaminant Analyzer

–The part of the CEMS that detects the air contaminant and represents those concentrations in a signal output.

(b) Diluent Analyzer

–The part of the CEMS that detects oxygen, carbon dioxide or other D iluent G as concentrations and represents those concentrations in a signal output.

(c) Fuel Flowmeter

–The part of the CEMS that detects the parameters o f all essential measurement sub-systems (e.g., temperatur e, pressure, differential pressure, frequency, gas density, gas composition, heating value) and generates signal outputs which are a fun ction of the fuel flow rate and all essential measurement subsystem parame ters.

(d) Stack Flowmeter

–The part of the CEMS that detects the parameters f rom all essential measurement sub-systems (e.g., temper ature, static and atmospheric pressure, gas density, gas composition, molecular weight, gas moisture content) and generates signal outputs whic h are a function of the stack gas volumetric flow rate and all essential me asurement sub-system parameters.

(2) “ Calibration ”

–A procedure performed to ensure that the CEMS accu rately measures and records air contaminant or D iluent G as concentration, flow rate and other parameters necessary to generate data, as evi denced by C alibration C hecks, and achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjust ment.An operating condition of the monitoring system whereby the system is accu rately recording the concentration of the specific air contaminant or di luent gas as evidenced by calibration checks, achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjustment. [Modified for consistency with SCAQMD Rule 218 defi nition.]

(3) “ Calibration Check ”

–A procedure performed to determine the CEMS respon se of the systemto a given gaseous compound concentration by means of injecting a certified calibration gas mixture into the system, or the insertion of a span cell into the internal light path of the analyzer. A certifi ed c alibration gas mixture is injected into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.

(3) Calibration Drift** - The change in the monitor ing system output over a stated time period of normal continuous operation when the air contaminant or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements i s the same known upscale value, or simulated to be the same upscale value by use of a span cell.

(4) Calibration Error** - The difference between th e air contaminant or diluent gas concentration indicated by the monitoring system an d the known concentration of the span gas or the equivalent rating of the span c ell.

(4) “Certified CEMS” – A CEMS installed, tested, op erated, maintained, and calibrated according to the applicable requirements of Rule 218, and that has metAVAQMD RULE 218 218-3

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 the applicable performance specifications according to Rule 218 (D)(1)(b), and,

has received written approval and conditions theret o applying, from the APCO.

(5) Calibration Gas - A mixture of the air contamin ant gas, or carbon dioxide or oxygen in a diluent gas, which, when periodically i ntroduced into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's accuracy.

(5) “ Certified Gas Mixture ”

–A gas mixture manufactured, analyzed and certified according to “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay a nd Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards” – EPA-600/R97/121, September 1997 Revision (EPA Protocol) or any subsequent version published by EP A. This definition incorporates by reference EPA Protocol. A mixture analyzed, by replicate samples, by the manufacturer by referring to Nation al Bureau of Standards Reference Materials, such that a statement of the p recision of the analysis can be made. [Modified for consistency with SCAQMD rule definiti on.]

(6) “Continuous Emissions Monitoring System” (CEMS) – The total combined equipment and systems required to continuously dete rmine air contaminants and D iluent G as concentrations and/or mass emission rate of a so urce effluent (as applicable). The CEMS consists of three major subs ystems: Sampling I nterface, A nalyzer, and D ata A cquisition S ystem.
(7) “Continuous Monitoring” – Monitoring in which a minimum of one (1) measurement (e.g., concentration, mass emission, fl ow rate) is taken and recorded each minute.

(8) “Data Acquisition System” (DAS) – The part of t he CEMS that processes data generated by the A nalyzer and records the results, thus creating a pe rmanent record of the output signal in terms of concentrati on, flow rate, and/or any other applicable parameter necessary to generate the requ ired data in units of applicable standard. The DAS consists of all equipment, such as a computer, required to convert the original recorded values to any values required for reporting.

(9) “ Diluent Gas ”

–A gas present in a calibration gas mixture or in t he source emissions from a source which is present in quantit ies significantly larger than the air contaminant.

(10) “Laboratory Approval Program” (LAP) – A progra m administered by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) thatgrants test-methodspecific approvals to independent testing laborator ies or firms that perform tests to determine source compliance with SCAQMD rules and r egulations.

(11) “Modification Requiring Recertification” – Any change to the basic equipment, control equipment, contaminant concentration, inter fering substances, or CEMS (or SCEMS) that is deemed by the APCO to have a pot ential for adversely affecting the ability of the CEMS to provide accura te, precise and timely data218-4 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 representative of the stack emissions for which the CEMS (or SCEMS) is required.

(8) Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval - The s tatistically determined range within which there is a ninety-five percent (95%) p robability all values determined will lie.

(9) Operational Period - A minimum period of time d uring which the monitoring system shall operate, according to the performance and equipment specifications, without unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustm ent.

(10) Parts Per Million - A volume concentration mea surement, indicating the volumetric quantity of the gas in question, dispers ed in one million volumes of gas mixture, reported on a dry basis.

(12) “Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Pla n” – A written document in which the specific procedures for the operation, C alibration

, and maintenance of a Certified CEMS are described in detail, including a dditional quality assurance assessments and the corrective action system. The purpose of this plan is to ensure that the CEMS generates, collects

, and reports valid data that is precise, accurate, complete, and of a quality that meets the requirements, performance specifications, and standards of Rules 218 and 218. 1.

(11) Reference Method - The official test method em ployed by the District to determine compliance with the rules.

(12) Relative Accuracy - The degree of correctness with which the monitoring system yields the value of gas concentration of a sample r elative to the value given by the reference method or to the allowed concentration. This accuracy is expressed in terms of error, which is the absolute value of the mean of the differences between the pared concentration measurements plus the absol ute value of the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval. It is expressed as a percentage of the mean reference method value or of the allowed concentrat ion. When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration to a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the relative accuracy requirement sh all apply to the corrected concentration value.

(13) Response Time - The time interval from a step change in the air contaminant or gas diluent concentration at the input to the monit oring system to the time at which ninety-five percent (95%) of the correspondin g final value is reached as displayed on the monitoring system data recorder.

(13) “ Routine Maintenance ”

–Preventive evaluation and repair (if necessary) of CEMS performed at specified intervals to preclude S ystem F ailure. Routine M aintenance may be performed as recommended by the manufacturer or a documented standard operating procedure determined through operating ex perience and approved by theAVAQMD RULE 218 218-5

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 Executive OfficerAPCO . Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded f rom this definition.An operation, recommended by the ma nufacturer, to be performed at specified intervals, to preclude system failure. Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this definition.

(15) Span Cell - A sealed cell of fixed length, con taining a known concentration of an air contaminant, which is inserted into the internal li ght path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output that corresponds to a known concentration of that air contaminant.

(16) Stack Monitoring System, or Monitoring System - The total equipment required for the determination of concentrations of air cont aminants and diluent gases in a source effluent. The system consists of three majo r subsystems:

(14) “ Sampling Interface ”

– That part of the CEMS that performs one or more of the following operations: delineation, acquisition, tra nsportation, and conditioning of a sample of the source effluent or protection of th e analyzer from the hostile aspects of the sample or source environment. sample acquisition using one or more of the following operations: extraction, phys ical/chemical separation, transportation or conditioning of a representative sample from a designated

source.
(b) Analyzer

(i) Air Contaminant Analyzer - that portion of the monitoring system that senses the air contaminant and generates a sig nal output that is a function of the concentration of that gas. (ii) Diluent Analyzer - that portion of the monitor ing system that senses the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxid e and generates a signal output that is a function of the concentra tion of that gas. This subsystem is required only for sources noted i n a (a)(1)(A). (c) Data Recorder - that portion of the monitoring system that provides a permanent record of the output signal in terms of c oncentration units, including additional equipment such as computers re quired to convert the original recorded value to any value required for r eporting. [See (B)(1) and (B)(8).]

(15) “Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring” – A moni toring technique in which a minimum of one (1) measurement (e.g., concentration , mass emission, flow rate) is taken and recorded every fifteen ( 15 ) minutes.

(16) “Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring System” ( SCEMS) – The total combined equipment and systems to semi-continuously determin e air contaminant and D iluent G as concentrations and/or the mass emission rate in a source effluent (as applicable). The system consists of three (3) majo r subsystems: S ampling218-6 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 I nterface, A nalyzer and DASata cquisition ystem . This class of monitoring includes, but is not limited to, gas chromatography , integrated sensitized tape analyzer, other sample integration based technologi es, and T ime- S hared CEMS.

(17) “South Coast Air Quality Management District” (SCAQMD)

–The air quality district created pursuant to Division 26, Part 3, C hapter 5.5 of the California Health & Safety Code (commencing with §40400). [Derived from AVAQMD Rule 1124.]

(18) “ System Failure ”

–Inability of the CEMS to meet the requirements of Rule 218.1

– Continuing Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations , or, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 – “Protection of Envi ronment,” Part 60 – “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources,” Appendi x F – Quality Assurance Procedures.”occurs anytime the monitoring system is suspected or known to be unable to meet the requirements of (c)(2) or (b)(2) , as applicable.

(19) “Time - Sharing” – A monitoring technique where an A nalyzer, and possibly the associated sampling conditioning system, is used on more than one source.

(18) Use Factor - The amount of time used per year divided by the amount of time available for use per year, expressed as a percent.

(20) “Working Day” – Monday through Friday, excludi ng holidays.

(21) “Zero Check” – A procedure performed to determ ine the response of the CEMS to a given Z ero G as standard by means of injecting the Z ero G as into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.

(19) Zero Calibration Reflector - A device which i s inserted into the internal light path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output tha t simulates a zero gas concentration.

(20) Zero Drift** - The change in the monitoring sy stem over a stated period of time of normal continuous operation when the air contaminan t or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements is ze ro, or is simulated to be zero by use of a zero calibration reflector.

(22) “ Zero Gas ” – A gas containing less than a specified amount of the air contaminant

or D iluent G as which, when periodically injected into the CEMSm onitoring system, is used to check CEMS that system's respons e to the absence of the air contaminant or D iluent G as.
*The operational period test performed prior to fi nal approval shall be preceded by a one hundred sixty eight (168) hour (minimum) cond itioning period during which the system shall be operated without unscheduled ma intenance, repair, or adjustment.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-7

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 **Expressed as the sum of the mean value plus the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval of a series of tests.


### ( AC ) Stack Monitoring Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS

(1) The owner or operator of any equipment described belowsubject to this rule shall provide ,; properly install, operate and maintain in calibrationCalibration and, in good working order and in operation; approved stack monitoring systems a C ertified CEMS to measure the concentration and/or emission rates, as applicable, of the following air contaminants and diluent Diluent gasesGases , flow rates, and other required parameters in the emissions from the sources indicated . The owner or operator shall also provide the necessary records and any other data necessary for to calculat eing air contaminant emission rates or concentrations, as specified in Rule 218 Sections ( F ) and ( G )

. (a) Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or oxygen (0 2 ), from steam generators with a heat input of 63 million ki logram calories (250 million British Thermal Units) or more per hour and with a use factor of at least thirty percent (30%).

(b) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from steam generators with a heat input of 63 mil lion kilogram calories (250 million British Thermal Unit s) or more per hour and with a use factor of at least thirty percent (3 0%) if control equipment is used.

(c) Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) from all nitric acid production plants.

(d) Gaseous sulfur compounds calculated as sulfur d ioxide (SO 2 ) from all sulfuric acid production plants, carbon monoxide bo ilers or furnaces of the regenerators of fluid catalytic cracking units, and all fluid cokers.

(e) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from sulfur recovery plants with oxidizing tail g as units, and with reducing tail gas units using conti nuous incineration for control of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).

(2) The Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO) may re quire a person to provide, properly install, maintain in calibration, in good working order and in operation, an approved stack monitoring system to measure air contaminants in emission gases when that person installs, operates, or uses any equipment which emits 900,000 kilograms (992 tons) or more per year of carbon monoxide (CO) or 90,000 kilograms (99 tons) or more per year of any air contaminant except carbon monoxide (CO). The APCO shall report to the Distri ct Board in writing when he requires the installation of a stack monitoring sys tem under the provisions of this subpart.218-8 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 

### ( BD ) Requirements for New and Modified CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Application and Approval Requirements of for New and Modified CEMS Monitoring Systems

( 1a ) The owner or operator of any equipment subject to t his Rule shall submit to the APCO an “Application for CEMS” or “Applicati on for CEMS Modification”, as applicable. Any application subm itted on or after [date of amendment], shall require an initial approval by the APCO prior to installation of a new CEMS or modification of an ex isting CEMS. The APCO shall notify the applicant in writing within 6 0 calendar days of receipt of an application for a new CEMS, or within 30 calendar days of receipt of an application for a modification to an existing CEMS, if the application contains sufficient information to be d eemed complete. Where an application has been determined to be incomplete , the APCO shall request specific information needed to complete the application. Upon receipt of any complete resubmittal or the addition al information, plans or specifications after the application has been deeme d incomplete, a new 30- day period shall begin during which the APCO shall determine the completeness of the application and notify the appl icant. Within 90 days of installation, a person operating or using CEMS s hall undertake a series of certification tests. If the equipment served by the CEMS is not operating at the time of complete CEMS installation , then the CEMS shall undergo a series of certification tests within 90 d ays from the next start-up of the equipment served by the CEMS. The purpose o f the certification tests is to demonstrate the CEMS performance pursua nt to the specifications in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ). The owner or operator shall notify the APCO in writing at least 14 days before the scheduled certification test dat es. The certification tests shall be performed by a testing laboratory approved under the SCAQMD LAP . Data from such tests shall be submitted to the A PCO within 45 days following test completion. If satisfactory perform ance is demonstrated, final approval of the CEMS shall be granted. Subse quent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ). After final approval, modifications made to the CEMS shall be reviewed an d approved by the APCO according to the specifications stipulated in Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ), and may require all or a portion of performance tests to be conducted.

(b) Upon submission of an “Application for CEMS” or “Application for CEMS Modification” as prescribed in Rule 218 Sectio n ( D )(1)( a ), the applicant shall indicate either one of the followin g conditions:AVAQMD RULE 218 218-9

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (i) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified a ccording to the provisions of Rule 218.1 - , “ Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications ” , Section ( C ), and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section s ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ) and of the requirements of Rule 218.1 Sections ( C ) and ( E ); or, (ii) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified according to the applicable provisions of the Code of Federal Regula tions, Title 40 – “Protection of Environment”, Part 60 – “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources” (40 CFR 60) , Appendix B – “Performance Specifications” (Appendix B), and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, S ections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix F – “Quality Assurance Procedures” (Appendix F). Notwi thstanding the requirements of this Section (c)(1)(B)(ii) , any alternative test methods for 40 CFR 60, Appendices B and F shall be those that are listed in Rule 218.1, Table 1 - Reference Methods. (c) A “Notification of Pre-Approved Modification” a nd report of results of prescribed quality assurance checks may be submitte d in lieu of the “Application for CEMS Modification” when the modifi cation has been made in accordance with the written technical guida nce document approved by the APCO.

(2) Application and Approval Requirements for New a nd Modified SCEMS

(a) In - lieu of submitting an application for CEMS per Rule 218, Section ( D )(1), the owner or operator of any equipment subjec t to this Rule, may elect to submit an application for a SCEMS if the a veraging time for the applicable limits(s) for which the CEMS is required is 24 hours or greater; or, if the owner or operator demonstrates, to the s atisfaction of the APCO, that no CEMS technology is commercially available f or the applicable contaminant and the applicable limits.

(b) If the conditions in Rule 218, Section (D)(2)( a ), above, do not apply, the owner or operator of any equipment subject to this Rule may still elect to submit an application for a SCEMS in lieu of a CEMS , subject to the following:

(i) The owner or operator demonstrates that the con centrations and/or emissions required to be monitored would be equival ent to that monitored by a CEMS for the applicable averaging pe riod, to the satisfaction of the APCO;218-10 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (ii) The SCEMS shall be capable to take and record a minimum of one (1) measurement (concentration, mass emission rate and/or flow rate, as applicable) every 15 minutes allowing as e qually spaced data points as practical; (iii) The owner or operator shall include in the QA/QC plan the method of calculating the 15-minute averages for complianc e determination to the applicable limit or standard; (iv) If an exceedance of the allowable limit or sta ndard is calculated using fewer than 100 percent% valid data points, then the District shall use any relevant data for the operation of th e equipment (basic and control, as applicable) to verify the calculate d exceedance; and (v) If a T ime -S hared SCEMS is proposed, it shall meet the performance specifications of Rule 218.1, Section ( F ). (c) The requirements for the application submittal and approval of CEMS as provided in Rule 218, Section ( D )(1) shall also apply for SCEMS applications.

(3) Operation of CEMS or SCEMS During Certification Testing

CEMS or SCEMS shall be certified as configured for the normal operation of the CEMS or SCEMS with respect to sample acquisition, s ample conditioning, pollutant/diluent detection, data requirements and reporting.

(4) QA/QC Plan for New or Modified CEMS or SCEMS

(a) The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elec ts the performance specifications according to Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i), shall submit to the APCO for approval a CEMS QA/QC Plan within 45 d ays of CEMS installation and no later than 30 days before the c ertification tests.

(b) Alternative Quality Assurance Practices

The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elects t he performance specifications according to Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i), may choose to develop alternative CEMS operational test requireme nts to be included in the CEMS QA/QC procedures that assure data of equiv alent or better quality. These alternative QA/QC procedures shall be submitted with the facility QA/QC Plan and are subject to the approval of the APCO.


### (E) Requirements for Existing CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Requirements for Existing CEMS

(a) A CEMS installed and granted final approval bef ore May 14, 1999[date of rule amendment] shall be maintained and operated according to theAVAQMD RULE 218 218-11

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the

requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(b) A CEMS application for initial and final approv al submitted to the APCO before May 14, 1999 [date of rule amendment] shall be reviewed and approved by the APCO according to the specification s and requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ). After final approval, the CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(c) Modifications R equiring R ecertification to any existing CEMS shall be reviewed and approved according to the conditions u nder Rule 218 Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable. After final approval, the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the conditions under Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.

(di) All existing CEMS as prescribed in Rule 218, S ections (E)(1)(a) and (b) shall comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1, Sec tions (C) and (DE), or 40 CFR 60 Appendices B and F, as applicable, and of Rule 218, Sections (C) and (D), no later than May 14, 2006[seven (7) y ears from date of rule amendment]. [Typographical error corrected pursuantto EPA comment of 04/25/12. There is only one facility in the Distri ct with an existing CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facility has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Removed in respon se to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.]

(iie) The requirements of Rule 218, Section (E)(1)( d)(i) shall be waived for a period of three (3) years if the owner or operator demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Executive OfficerAPCO, that the existing CEMS is providing data that areis of a quality commensurate with the original performance specifications and other indicators of consistent data quality. Data quality factors that will be considered includ e:
(i) Relative Accuracy; (ii) Calibration Error; (iii) Calibration Drift; (iv) Zero Drift; (v) Valid data return percentage; (vi) Availability or up-time percentage; (vii) Breakdown frequency and duration; and (viii) Excursions beyond quality control limits in QA/QC plan.218-12 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 The owner or operator may apply for a waiver under this subsection every three (3) years after May 14, 2006 [Seven (7) years from date of rule amendment] . This subsection shall not apply to existing CEMS that are required to comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1, Sections (C) and (E), or, 40 CFR 60, Ap pendices B and F, as applicable, and Rule 218, Sections (C) an d (D), as a result of CEMS Modifications Requiring Recertification, ru le implementation, or, compliance with a permit condit ion. [There is only one facility in the District with an existing CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facil ity has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Remove d in response to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.] ( e fd) The owner or operator of existing CEMS shall de velop and implement a written Quality Assurance/ Quality Control ( QA/QC ) Plan no later than May 14, 2000[one (1) year from date of rule amendme nt] . The written QA/QC Plan shall be kept on record and available fo r inspection upon request by the APCO.

(fg) On or before May 14, 2005[Six (6) years from d ate of rule amendment], the owner or operator of any existing CEMS shall su bmit to the APCO for approval:

(i) A certification signed by an authorized represe ntative of the facility that the existing CEMS meets the requirements of Ru le 218, Section (D); (ii) An “Application for CEMS Modification”, with t he applicable fee(s) as specified in Rule 301; or (iii) An application for waiver according to Rule 2 18, Section (E)(1)(d), with documentation supporting the required demonstr ation. [There is only one facility in the District with an existi ng CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facil ity has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Remove d in response to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.]

(2) Requirements for Existing SCEMS

(a) A SCEMS installed and granted final approval be fore May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be maintained and operated according to the provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(b) A SCEMS application for initial and final appro val submitted to the APCO before May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be reviewed andAVAQMD RULE 218 218-13

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 approved by the APCO according to the specification s and requirements of

Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ). After final approval, the SCEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the provisi ons of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(c) Modifications R equiring R ecertification to any existing SCEMS shall be reviewed and approved according to the conditions u nder Rule 218 Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable. After final approval, the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the conditions under Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.

(d) The owner or operator of an existing SCEMS oper ating on or before May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be required to comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1 Section ( F ) - “Time - Sharing Requirements” and with the provisions of Rule 218.1 Sections ( C ) and ( E ), or, 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F, as applicable, when the equipmentserved by the T imeS hared SCEMS is modified such that:

(i) One or more of the sources monitored requires a new monitoring
range; (ii) The operating permit is modified to require C ontinuous M onitoring; or, (iii) An applicable source specific rule is adopted or revised to require C ontinuous M onitoring.

Subsequent operation and maintenance of the SCEMS s hall be according to the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.


### (F) Retention of Records for New, Modified and Exis ting CEMS and SCEMS

(1) The records of the data obtained from the CEMS recording devices shall clearly indicate concentrations or emission rates, or both, as specified by the APCO. Records shall be maintained by the CEMS owner or op erator for a minimum period of five (5) years, unless otherwise specific ally provided by another District regulation or permit conditions, and, shall be made available to the APCO upon request.
(2) All calculations, raw parameter data used for c alculations, records of the occurrence and duration of any start up, shutdown o r malfunction, performance test, evaluation, C alibration, adjustment and maintenance of the CEMS as well as calibration gas traceability shall be retained by t he CEMS operator for a minimum period of five (5) years unless otherwise specifica lly provided by another District218-14 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 regulation or permit conditions, and shall be made available to the APCO upon request. 

### (G) Reporting Requirements for New, Modified and Ex isting CEMS and SCEMS

Unless otherwise specifically provided by another D istrict regulation or permit conditions, the following reporting requirements sh all apply to new, modified and existing CEMS and SCEMS:

(1) A CEMS owner or operator shall provide a summar y of the concentration and/or emission rate data, as applicable, obtained from th e CEMS, as well as any additional information specified by the APCO, to ev aluate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The summary shall b e submitted once every six (6) months to the APCO, except when more frequent r eporting is specifically required by another District rule, or the APCO, on a case-by-case basis, determines that more frequent reporting is necessar y to accurately assess the compliance status of the source. The summary report shall be submitted within 30 days following the end of the six (6) -month period being reported, in the form and manner prescribed by the APCO. The summary shall b e maintained on-site in a retrievable and readable form and shall be made ava ilable to the APCO upon request. The submitted summaries shall be availabl e for public inspection at the District.

(2) The CEMS owner or operator shall report any con centration level and/or emission rate, as applicable, in excess of the regulated lim it within 24 hours or the next W orking D ay after such occurrence in the form and manner pre scribed by the APCO. The report shall include the following infor mation:

(a) Time intervals, date, and magnitude of the exce ss concentration level, nature and cause of the excess concentration (if kn own), corrective action(s) taken, preventive measure(s) adopted, spe cific location of CEMS, the equipment or CEMS involved and the facility con tact person.
(b) The averaging period used for data reporting sh all correspond to the averaging period specified in the rule or permit co ndition governing the concentration and/or emission rate, if applicable.

(3) Reports of CEMS Failure or Shutdown

(a) The CEMS owner or operator shall notify the APC O within 24 hours or the next W orking D ay, in the event of a system failure or shutdown, w hich exceeds 24 hours. Zero and C alibration C hecks and R outine M aintenance do not require reporting.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-15

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (b) In the case of a CEMS failure or shutdown, comp liance with the provisions

of Rule 218, Section ( C ) is waived for a period not to exceed 96 consecutive hours. Such waiver is extended beyond 96 consecutive hours only if a petition for an interim variance is filed in accordance with Regulation V – Procedures Before the Hearing Board and shall terminate at the time the Hearing Board acts upon such varian ce petition. CEMS owners or operators of qualified facilities may obt ain a Hearing Board approval of an alternative operating condition foll owing the established procedure in District Rule 518.2 - Federal Alternative Operating Condition s

. (c) Regularly scheduled CEMS maintenance shall be d eferred until the report required under Rule 218, Section ( G )(2) is made, if the system is measuring a concentration equal to or exceeding the emission standard, and if such deferral is not reasonably expected to result in damage to the system.
(d) Continuous emission monitoring requirements sha ll not apply during regular C alibration C hecks of the system, or R outine M aintenance and repair lasting 60 minutes or less.

All monitoring systems to be installed after April 6, 1979, require an initial approval by theAPCO, prior to installation. The AP CO shall act upon an application for initial approval within 30 days aft er filing or within thirty (30) days after the applicant furnishes further inf ormation, plans and specifications requested to complete an application . Upon completion of installation, a person operating or using a stack m onitoring system shall undertake a series of tests to demonstrate the acce ptability of the system's performance pursuant to (C) below. Within six (6) months of initial operation, data from such tests shall be submitted to the APCO for approval. If satisfactory performance is demonstra ted, a final approval of the system shall be granted.

(2) A person operating a monitoring system installe d on or before April 6, 1979, shall, by June 1, 1979, submit a plan to the APCO outlining steps to achieve compliance with the performance specificati ons of (C) below as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later than March 2, 1981.

Each plan shall include, but shall not necessarily be limited to, dates and methods for achieving the following increments of p rogress:

1. Submit test results. 2. Negotiate and sign contracts. 3. Commence modification or replacement of non-comp lying systems.218-16 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 4. Complete modification or replacement of non-comp lying systems. 5. Submit final test results. 6. Achieve final compliance with (C) below on or be fore March 2, 1981.

Non-complying systems shall be operated at the leve l of performance indicated by test results. Each system shall be op erated in accordance with the plan.


### ( 3H ) Posting of Written Approval for New, Modified and E xisting CMS and SCEMS

A person operating an approved monitoring systemThe CEMS owner or operator of an approved CEMS shall affix such a written notice of approval or a legible facsimile thereof upon the equipmentor within 26 feet of the equipment as prescribed i n District Rule 206, in a manner such that it is clearly visible

, and legible , and safely accessible . In the event that the equipment is so constructed or operated th at the notice of approval or its legible facsimile cannot be so placed, such notice or legib le facsimile shall be mounted on a location approved by the APCO.


### ( C) Monitoring System Standards

(1) The monitoring system shall be installed at a l ocation such that air contaminant and diluent gas concentration measurements can be m ade which are representative of the stack emissions of the affected facility.

(2) Prior to final approval of the monitoring syste m, it shall meet, and it shall thereafter be operated in accordance with, the foll owing performance and equipment specifications:

(a) Monitors for Gaseous Air ContaminantsAVAQMD RULE 218 218-17

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 Parameter Specifications

(i) Operational Period* Greater than or equal to 168 hours. (ii) Calibration Error** Less than or equal to 5 percent. (iii) Response Time Less than or equal to 10 minutes. (iv) Zero Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 2 percent of full scale reading. (v) Zero Drift**(24-hour) Less than or equal to 2 percent of full scale reading. (vi) Calibration Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 2 percent of scale reading. (vii) Calibration Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 2.5 percent of full scale reading. (viii) Relative Accuracy** Less than or equal to 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method test data or less than or equal to 10 percent of the allowed concentration, whichever is greater.

(b) Monitors for Diluent Gases

Parameter Specifications (i) Operational Period* Greater than or equal to 168 hours. (ii) Calibration Error** Less than or equal to 5 percent. (iii) Response Time Less than or equal to 10 minutes. (iv) Zero Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.4 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (v) Zero Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (vi) Calibration Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.4 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (vii) Calibration Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or 0 2

.
(3) The monitoring system shall be operated accordi ng to the following standards:

(a) Calibration gases shall meet the following crit eria:

(i) For gaseous air contaminant monitors, the mixtu re shall be certified to be within two percent (2%) of the stated value. (ii) For carbon dioxide and oxygen monitors, the mi xture shall be certified to be within two-tenths percent (0.2%) carbon dioxide or oxygen of the stated value. Ambient air may be use d for oxygen monitors if the span is higher than twenty one perc ent (21%)
oxygen.
(b) Zero gases used shall meet the following criter ia:

(i) For gaseous air contaminant monitors, the gas s hall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 1 part per mi llion of the air218-18 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 contaminant (except carbon monoxide, less than 10 p arts per million), or alternately, ambient air may be used. (ii) For carbon dioxide and oxygen monitors, the ga s shall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 100 parts per million of carbon dioxide or oxygen.

(c) Calibration gases shall be manufactured, analyz ed and certified according
to USEPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certifica tion of Gaseous Calibration Standards (EPA-600/R97/121) as revised September 1997 or any subsequent version as published by USEPA

(d) Calibration checks shall be performed at least once each day at regular intervals.

(e) The instrument full scale reading shall be equi valent to approximately two hundred percent (200%) of the concentration limit s pecified in the applicable rule, or at a value approved by theAPCO. Oxygen and carbon dioxide instruments full scale readings shall be su ch that the full range of concentrations encountered can be measured.

(f) Regular scheduled maintenance of the monitoring system shall be deferred until the report required under Section (E)(2) is m ade, if the system is measuring a concentration equal to or exceeding the emission standard, and if such deferral will not reasonably be expecte d to result in damage to the system.

(g) The monitoring system shall complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) , for each successive fifteen (15) minute period.

(h) The requirements of section (C)(3)(g) shall notapply to the following conditions:

(i) Regular calibration checks of the system. (ii) Routine maintenance and repair of sixty (60) m inutes or less duration. (4) Following final approval, if significant modifi cations are made to the system, a demonstration of the ability of the system to opera te in accordance with the specifications of (c)(2) may be required at the dis cretion of the Executive Officer.

(5) Span cell calibration techniques may be employe d with in situ monitors, not extracting the gas sample from the stack if the cri teria of (c)(2)(A)(ii), (vi) and (vii) can be met and if the use of the cell provide s a check of all analyzer internal mirrors and lenses and all electronic circuitry inc luding the source and detector assembly which are normally used in sampling and an alysis.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-19

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (6) Zero calibration reflector techniques may be em ployed with in situ monitors, not extracting the gas sample from the stack, if the cr iteria of (c)(2)(A)(iv) and (v) can be met.


### (D) Retention of Records

(1) The records of the data obtained from the recor ding devices of the stack monitoring system shall clearly indicate concentrat ions as specified by theAPCO. Records shall be maintained by the owner or operato r of a monitoring system for a period of at least two (2) years and shall be made available to the APCO upon request.

(2) All records of the occurrence and duration of a ny start up, shutdown or malfunction, performance test, evaluation, calibrat ion, adjustment and maintenance of the monitoring system as well as cal ibration gas traceability or span cell specifications documents, shall be retain ed by the monitoring system operator for a period of at least two (2) years and shall be made available to the APCO upon request.


### (E) Reporting

(1) A person operating a stack monitoring system sh all provide a summary of the concentration and emission data obtained from such system, as well as any additional information specified by the APCO to eva luate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The summary shall b e submitted monthly to the APCO within thirty (30) days of the end of the mont h being reported, in the form and manner prescribed by him. The summary shall be available for public inspection at the office of the Air Quality Managem ent District.

(2) A person operating a monitoring system shall re port any concentration level in excess of the regulated limit to the APCO within ni nety-six (96) hours after such occurrence in the form and manner prescribed by him . The report shall include the following information:

(a) Time intervals, date, and magnitude of the exce ss concentration level; nature and cause of the excess (if known), correcti ve actions taken and preventive measure adopted.

(b) Averaging period used for data reporting shall correspond to the averaging period specified in the rule governing the concentr ation limit in question.

(3) Reports of Monitoring System Failure or Shutdow n
(a) A person operating a monitoring system shall no tify the Executive Officer within ninety-six (96) hours, in a form and manner prescribed by him, in218-20 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 the event of a system failure or shutdown for repai r, which exceeds sixty (60) consecutive minutes. Zero and calibration che cks and routine maintenance do not require reporting.

(b) In the case of a monitoring system failure or s hutdown for repair, compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) is waived for a period not to exceed ninety-six (96) consecutive hours. Such waiver is extended beyond ninety-six (96_ consecutive hours only if a petition for an interim variance is filed in accordance with Regulation V a nd shall terminate at the time the Hearing Board acts upon such variance peti tion.


### (F) Exemption

Any source subject to the provisions of (a)(1) abov e may obtain an exemption from the provisions of (a)(1) above upon demonstration to th e satisfaction of the APCO that the source is not subject to a District rule or regulat ion prohibiting or limiting the discharge of any air contaminants which are the subject of (a)(1 ).


### (G) Definitions

(1) Calibration - An operating condition of the mon itoring system whereby the system is accurately recording the concentration of the sp ecific air contaminant or diluent gas as evidenced by calibration checks, achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjustment.

(2) Calibration Check - A procedure to determine th e response of the system to a given gaseous compound concentration by means of in jecting a certified calibration gas mixture into the system, or the ins ertion of a span cell into the internal light path of the analyzer.

(3) Calibration Drift** - The change in the monitor ing system output over a stated time period of normal continuous operation when the air contaminant or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements i s the same known upscale value, or simulated to be the same upscale value by use of a span cell.

(4) Calibration Error** - The difference between th e air contaminant or diluent gas concentration indicated by the monitoring system an d the known concentration of the span gas or the equivalent rating of the span c ell.

(5) Calibration Gas - A mixture of the air contamin ant gas, or carbon dioxide or oxygen in a diluent gas, which, when periodically i ntroduced into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's accuracy.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-21

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (6) Certified Gas Mixture - A mixture analyzed, by replicate samples, by the manufacturer by referring to National Bureau of Sta ndards Reference Materials, such that a statement of the precision of the analy sis can be made.

(7) Diluent Gas - A gas present in a calibration ga s mixture or in the emissions from a source which is present in quantities significantly larger than the air contaminant.

(8) Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval - The s tatistically determined range within which there is a ninety-five percent (95%) p robability all values determined will lie.

(9) Operational Period - A minimum period of time d uring which the monitoring system shall operate, according to the performance and equipment specifications, without unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustm ent.

(10) Parts Per Million - A volume concentration mea surement, indicating the volumetric quantity of the gas in question, dispers ed in one million volumes of gas mixture, reported on a dry basis.

(11) Reference Method - The official test method em ployed by the District to determine compliance with the rules.

(12) Relative Accuracy - The degree of correctness with which the monitoring system yields the value of gas concentration of a sample r elative to the value given by the reference method or to the allowed concentration. This accuracy is expressed in terms of error, which is the absolute value of the mean of the differences between the pared concentration measurements plus the absol ute value of the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval. It is expressed as a percentage of the mean reference method value or of the allowed concentrat ion. When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration to a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the relative accuracy requirement sh all apply to the corrected concentration value.

(13) Response Time - The time interval from a step change in the air contaminant or gas diluent concentration at the input to the monit oring system to the time at which ninety-five percent (95%) of the correspondin g final value is reached as displayed on the monitoring system data recorder.

(14) Routine Maintenance - An operation, recommende d by the manufacturer, to be performed at specified intervals, to preclude syste m failure. Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this defini tion.

(15) Span Cell - A sealed cell of fixed length, con taining a known concentration of an air contaminant, which is inserted into the internal li ght path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output that corresponds to a known concentration of that air contaminant.218-22 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (16) Stack Monitoring System, or Monitoring System - The total equipment required for the determination of concentrations of air cont aminants and diluent gases in a source effluent. The system consists of three majo r subsystems:

(a) Sampling Interface - that portion of the monito ring system that performs one or more of the following operations: delineatio n, acquisition, transportation, and conditioning of a sample of the source effluent or protection of the analyzer from the hostile aspects of the sample or source environment.

(b) Analyzer

(i) Air Contaminant Analyzer - that portion of the monitoring system that senses the air contaminant and generates a sig nal output that is a function of the concentration of that gas. (ii) Diluent Analyzer - that portion of the monitor ing system that senses the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxid e and generates a signal output that is a function of the concentra tion of that gas. This subsystem is required only for sources noted i n a (a)(1)(A).

(c) Data Recorder - that portion of the monitoring system that provides a permanent record of the output signal in terms of c oncentration units, including additional equipment such as computers re quired to convert the original recorded value to any value required for r eporting.

(17) System Failure - occurs anytime the monitoring system is suspected or known to be unable to meet the requirements of (c)(2) or (b) (2), as applicable.

(18) Use Factor - The amount of time used per year divided by the amount of time available for use per year, expressed as a percent.

(19) Zero Calibration Reflector - A device which is inserted into the internal light path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output tha t simulates a zero gas concentration.

(20) Zero Drift** - The change in the monitoring sy stem over a stated period of time of normal continuous operation when the air contaminan t or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements is ze ro, or is simulated to be zero by use of a zero calibration reflector.

(21) Zero Gas - Agas containing less than a specifi ed amount of the air contaminant or diluent gas which, when periodically injected into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's response to the absence of t he air contaminant or diluent
gas.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-23

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 *The operational period test performed prior to fi nal approval shall be preceded by a one hundred sixty eight (168) hour (minimum) cond itioning period during which the system shall be operated without unscheduled ma intenance, repair, or adjustment.

**Expressed as the sum of the mean value plus the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval of a series of tests.

[SIP: Approved 7/6/82, 47 FR 29231, 40 CFR 52.220( c)(103)(xviii)(A); Approved 9/28/81, 46 FR 47451, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(65)(ii); Approved ________, _________, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(42)(xiv)(A); Approved 9/8/78, 43 FR 40011 , 40 CFR 52.220(c)(39)(iii)(C)] See SIP Table at http://www.avaqmd.ca.gov/Modules/S howDocument.aspx?documentid=921