# OAR Box 1477 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 33 ) ll-J-2 4 Docket Number: 

# A-94-5 2

Printed 7/31/200811:40:24 AM Sheet 33 of 36 P. 1

- -P. 2

jschwtzr@gte.ne

t 04/26/200 0 01:2 5 PM To : Keit h Barnett/RTP/USEPA/US@EPA , Jonathan.Pawlow@sba.gov , Austin.Perez@sba.go

v cc : Subject : CF

A material s t o SER

s

Keith , Jon , Austin : Attache d ar

e som e material s CF

A recentl y sen t t o th e SBREF A SER s (as "supplemental " t o th e informatio n sen t b y EPA) . Keith : I jus t left yo u tw o (long , sorry! ) voice-mai l message s reardin g s<J>m e o f thes e attache d documents . Thanks . 

# M1 9 ri i EP A AI R DOCKE

T FRO M = = = = = = = = = = = = Joh n Schweitze r Sr . Directo r o f Gov't . Affair s Composite s Fabricator s Assoc . voic e 734.622.016 2 fa x 734.622.012 2 jschwtzr@gte.ne t www.cfa-hq.or g 

## m*

- mem o t o SERs rev.do c

- Revise d critica l issues Apri l 00.do c MM - Lowha p approac h 1 .do c Questionnaire fo r SERs.do c Wk,P. 3



### Apri l 21 , 200 0 To : Composite s MAC T SBREF A Smal l Entit y Representative s Fr : Ke n Odett e an dJoh n Schweitzer , CF A Re : Material s fo r

Ma y 2 meetin g T o hel p focu s o n th e mos t constructiv e issue s for

th e Ma y 2 meetin g of

th e Smal l Entit y Representative s an dth e Federa l SBREF A Panel , CF A i s providin g th e followin g material s (Exhibit s 1 , 2 , 3 , an d4 wer e sen t t o yo u b y FedE x fo r

deliver y o n Apri l 24 ; Exhibit s 5 , 6 , an d7 ar e attache dt o thi s fax . Note: These materials are intended to supplement

the documents sent

to you recently by EPA.): Exhibi t1 : A summar y o f th e existin g sourc e an d ne w sourc e floors . A "floor " i s th e minimu mstringenc y leve l for th e MACT . Fo r

existin g sources , th e floo r i s se t a t th e leve l o f contro l use db y th e average o f th e bes t controlle d12 % o f

facilities . Fo r

ne w sources , th e floo r

i s se t a t th e leve l o f

controlle dachieve db y th e bes t controlle dsingle source . EP A can se t

MAC T a t level s "above-the-floor, " if suc h contro l woul db e affordable . (Th e floor s ar e state di n term s o f maximu mpoin t

values . G o t o http://www . cfa-hq.org/reg-mact.ht man ddownloa ddocumen t No . 5 if yo u nee dhel p i n determinin g th e actua l poin t

valu e fo r you r operations. ) Importan tquestio n fo rSERs : "Can yo u mee t th e floor s an dstil l mak e acceptabl e product s an dmak e reasonabl e profits? " Exhibi t2 : A summar y o f existin g sourc e floor s fo rope n molding , showin g th e facilitie s tha tse tth e floors . EP A i s require dt o bas e MAC T o n "similar " sources . Importan tquestio n fo rSERs : "I s you r operatio n reall y similar

t o th e floor

settin g source(s) , i n term s o f you r ability t o us e resi n with thi s HA P conten t an d th e othe r control s neede dt o mee t

th e floor(s)? " Exhibi t3 : CFA' s Report , "Feasibilit y o f th e Cos to f

th e Captur e an d Contro l o f Hazardou s Ai rPollutan tEniission s fro m th e Ope n Moldin g o f Reinforce d Plastic s Composites. " Thi s report i s th e basi s o f

CFA' s clai mtha t

captur e an dcontro l (oxidation ) i s muc h mor e expensiv e an dles s effectiv e than EP A suggests . Th e dat ain th e report ar e base do n 1 8 cas e studies . EP A i s proposin g t o requir e 95 % captur e an d oxidatio n for

existin g source s with emissio n o f 10 0 ton s pe r

year o r mor e (thi s i s a

n "abov e th e floor " requirement ) an dfo r al l ne w an dreconstructe dsource s wit h emission s o f 1 0 ton s pe r

yea r o r more . Pag e 1P. 4



### Importan tquestion s fo rSER s wh o ma y (a ) trigge rth e captur e an d oxidatio n requirement s fo rexistin g source s with emission s o f 10 0 ton s pe ryea ro r more , (b ) reconstruc t(i.e . substantiall y modify ) a n existin g source , o r(c ) buil d a ne w source : "I s you r operatio n similar

t o on e of th e 1 8 cas e studie s (Exhibi t 3 , Sectio n VLB. ; se e als o Tabl e o f Content s pag e 7) , s o yo u ca n us e th e cas e stud y a s areasonabl e estimat e o f what captur e an doxidatio n woul dcos t you r facility ? Wit

h thes e costs , can yo u stil l mak e acceptabl e product s an dmak e reasonabl e profits? " Exhibi t4 : CFA' s Report , "Pollutio n Preventio n fo rOpe n Moldin g o f Composites. " Thi s report

i s th e basi s o f

CFA' s clai mthat

pollutio n preventio n (P2 ) ca n achiev e mos t of th e emissio n reduction s o f captur e an doxidation , whil e stil l bein g affordabl e for fabricators . Importan tquestio n fo rSERs : "I s you r operatio n similar

t o an y o f th e 6 mode l facilitie s containe di n th e report , s o yo u can us e th e P 2 emissio n reductio n estimate s an dcost s a s reasonabl e estimate s fo r you r ow n operation? " Exhibi t5 : CFA' s Tabl e o f Critica l Issue s fo rOpe n Moldin g MACT . Thi s tabl e summarize s th e critica l issue s tha t shoul db e addresse da s part o f th e SBREF A process , an dsuggest s solution s fo r each . Importan tquestion s fo rSERs : "Whic h o f th e critica l issue s appl y t o you r operations ? Ar e ther e others ? Which o f th e solution s liste dwoul daddres s you r specifi c problem s with MACT? " Exhibi t6 : CFA' s Surve y fo rSERs . Thi s surve y wil l hel p yo u organiz e you r comment s fo r th e Ma y 2 meeting . Yo u shoul dfil l ou t th e surve y an dbrin g i t

with yo u t o giv e t o EPA . If yo u can sen du s acop y ahea do f time , w e can b e bette r

prepare dt o hel p you prepar e for

thi s meeting . (Sen dcomplete dmaterial s t o Ke n Odette , fa x 703.525.0743. ) Als o brin g o r

sen dcopies o f

an y previou s correspondenc e with EP A o n MACT . Exhibi t7 : CFA' s Lo w HAP / Hig h Ha p approac h t o settin g MAC T floors. CF A believe s that

thi s approac h i s neede dt o addres s th e dissimilarit y i n severa l o f EPA' s process/produc t

groups , an dshoul db e adopte db y EP A t o addres s severa l o f th e critica l issue s liste di n Exhibi t

5 . Importan tquestion s fo rSERs : "Wha t i s th e minimu mHA P conten t tha t you nee di n eac h o f

you r resi n application s i n orde r t o achiev e th e MAC T standard ? If th e floor s wer e se t

basedo n thi s Lo w HAP/Hig h HA P approac h - instea do f o n th e specifi c HA P content s use db y th e floor-settin g source s - coul dyo u the n achiev e th e MAC T standard? " Pag e 2P. 5



### Pleas e call Joh

n Schweitze

r (734.622.0162 ) or

Ke n Odett e (703.525.0511 ) i

f yo u have an y question s abou

t the SBREF

A program . W

e will discus s the document s an dissue s describe dabov e durin g the pre-meetin g th e momin g o f Ma y 2 , anddurin g aconferenc e call to b e heldi

n the coming day s (watc

h you r fa x fo r anotic e wit

h the conferenc e call information) .

Pag e 3P. 6



### CF A Exhibi t 6 Information

from Composites

Industry

Small Entity Representative Date : Name : Name o f firm : Address : Type s of product s produced :

Pag e 1P. 7



## Type s o f processe s employe d(circl e al l tha t apply) : Close dMoldin g Injection/Compressio n Moldin g RT M Continuou s Lamination/

Continuou s Castin g Polyme r Castin g Pultrusio n SM C Compoundin g Equipmen t

Cleanin g Resi n Mixing , BM C Compoundin g Resi n Storag e Ope n Moldin g Corrosio n Resistan t

(CR ) Mechanica l Resi n Applicatio n No n C RMechanica l Resi n Application-Unfille d

No n C RMechanica l Resi n Application-Fille d

Manua l Resi n Application-Toolin g Mechanica l Resi n Application-Toolin g C RManua l Resi n Applicatio n No n C RManua l Resi n Applicatio n C RFilamen t

Windin g 

## Page 2P. 8

No n C RFilamen t

Windin g Toolin g Ge l Coatin g Pigmente dGe l Coatin g Clear Productio n Ge l Coatin g Centrifugal Castin g NonC R

C R



### Pag e 3P. 9



### Nam e Company . 

## Existing Source Floors Complete one copy of

this page for

each process/product

group (e.g., corrosion resistant mechanical, manual

tooling, pigmented

gel coat, etc.) applicable to your operations. 1 . Process/produc t

grou p (se e lis t

o n pag e 1) : 2 . Wha t techniques/technologie s d o yo u believ e yo u ar e no w usin g o r coul dus e i n th e nea

r futuer t o reduc e you r

emissions : 3 . Ho w d o you r

cost s compar e t o thos e give n in th e CF A Pollutio n Preventio n repor t (Exhibi t 4) ? Wha t mode l facilit

y i s closes t

t o you r situation ? Ar e you r

cost s higher , lower , o r

abou t th e sam e a s thos e i n th e report ? Comments : 4 . D o yo u believ e th e combinatio n o f thes e technique s wil l allo w yo u t o mee t th e floor ? I f yes , g o t o nex t

process/produc t

group . I f

no , pleas e answe r

remainin g question s unde r thi s category . I f yo u hav e alread y answere dthe mi n you r letter(s) , yo u ma y provid e ashort answe r an dreferenc e thos e letter s for

mor e detail . 5 . Ho w i s you r

facilit y similar t o th e facility settin g thi s particular floo r (se e Exhibi t

2) ? Ho w i s i t dissimilar ? 6 . Wha t d o yo u believ e th e barrier s ar e t o you r meetin g thi s floo r

i n thi s case ? 7 . I s you r

proble mon e o f

thos e liste do n th e CF A "critica l issues " lis t (Exhibi t 5) ? I f so , wha t letter ? If not , ho w woul dyo u stat e th e proble mi n genera l terms ? 8 . Wha t d o yo u believ e yo u nee dth e MAC T standar dt o allo w yo u t o d o i n orde r for yo u t o mee t

th e floor ? (e.g . % styren e conten t i n th e resin , etc. )

9 . Whic h o f

th e followin g solution s migh t provid e relie f

t o you r situatio n an dwhic h woul dyo u prefe r an dwhy ? Whic h d o yo u no t like ? 10 . Cas e b y cas e waive r 11 . Lo w HAP-categories , lik e Rul e 116 2 (se e Exhibi t 7) 12 . Subgrouping s for

smal l businesse s 13 . Facility-specifi c standar d 14 . Othe r solution : Migh t wor k Prefe r Dislik e

15 . Explai n why you r

prefe r on e o r mor e options : 16 . Explai n why yo u dislik e on e o r mor e options :



### Pag e 4P.1 0



### Nam e Company . 

## Above the Floor Are your emissions likely to exceed 100tons per

year any time in the next

several years? If not, skip this page. 17 . Which , i

f any , ofth e cas e studie s fro

mth e CF A "Feasibilit

y an dCost " repor

t (Exhibi t 3 , Section VLB. ; see als o Table o

f Content s pag e 7 ) i s mos

t simila r t o you r situation ?

18 . D o yo u believ e you

r cost s woul

db e higher , lower , o

r abou t th e sam e as thos e show

n i n th e repor t fo r thi s cas e study ? Why ?

19 . I s captur

e an doxidation apossibl e option fo r you r facility ? Explain :



### Pag e 5P.1 1



### Nam e Company . 

## New/Reconstructed Are you likely to make significant changes to your

existing plant, move to a new location, or build a new plant

in the next

several years? If

not, skip this page. 20 . Wha t kind s o f capita l investment s d

o yo u routinel y mak e ove r the lif e o f aplant ?

21 . Wha t kind s o f capita l investments migh

t yo u mak e ove r the lif e o f aplan t tha t woul drepresen t a MAJO Rreconstruction o

f you r plan t o r portion o f you r plant ?

22 . Whic h o f thes e kind s o

f investments woul

drepresen t opportunitie s fo

r yo u t o increas e th

e amoun t o f pollution prevention o

r contro l applieda

t th e plant ?

23 . Unde r wha t circumstance s migh

t yo u wis h t o establis h o

r mov e t o ane w facility ?

24 . Ho w likel y i s i t tha t suc h circumstance s migh

t presen t themselve s i

n th e nex t 1 0 years ? 25 . A t ane w facility , wha

t opportunitie s woul

dther e b e fo r yo u t o ad dne w pollution prevention o

r control technologies ? 26 . Which , i

f any , ofth e cas e studie s fro

mth e CF A "Feasibilit

y an dCost " repor

t (Exhibi t 3 , Section VLB. ; se e als o Tabl e o

f Content s pag e 7 ) i s most

simila r t o you r likel y reconstructedo

r ne w operation ? 27 . D o yo u believ e you

r cost s woul

db e higher , lower , o

r abou t th e sam e a s thos e show

n i n the repor t fo r thi s cas e study ? Why ? 28 . I s oxidation apossibl e option fo r you r facility ? Explain :



### Pag e 6P.1 2 

### Working Draf

t CF A Exhibi t 7 Apri l 21 , 200 0

Lo w HAP/Hig h HA P Fin e tunin g th e characterizatio n of th e floor-settin g source s i n th e ope n moldin g MAC T databas e Earl y i n th e MAC T development proces s EPA staf

f decide dt o divid e th e reinforce d plastic s industr

y int o arelativel y smal l numbe r of proces s group s fo

r th e purpos e o

f settin g th e MAC T floors . Thi s approac h ha s many undeniabl e administrativ e advantage s fo

r EPA an dth e companie s tha t hav e t o comply . However , th e reinforce d plastic s industr

y i s ver y divers e an dhavin g onl y asmal l number of group s mean s tha

t companie s tha

t hav e ver y differen t processe s an dproduct s are pu t int o th e same group . Thi s create s atensio n betwee n th e administrativ e benefit s of asmal l number o f categorie s an dth e problem s of groupin g dissimila

r source s together . Thi s tensio n ha s bee n a

t th e hear t of th e continuin g difficult

y of definin g MAC T floor s that mee t th e statutor

y requirement s an dconstraint s o f bringin g al l source s up t o th e leve l of contro l currentl y demonstrate db y th e bes tcontrolle dsource s t o whic h the y are similar . EP A ha s no w hear dfromnumerou s source s tha t th e draf t MAC T floor s are no t correc t becaus e thes e source s are groupe dunfairl y wit h source s tha

t are dissimilar , an dtha t the y woul dthereb y b e require dt o us e resin s andapplicatio n technique s that are product/productio n specifi c t o th e source s tha t are identifie da s settin g th e MAC T floors . Th e commonl y suggeste dsolutio n t o thi s proble mi s t o create mor e group s t o accommodate bette r

th e diversit

y in th e industry . However , t o date , despit e considerabl e effor

t b y bot h EPA an dindustr

y representatives , thi s ide aof creatin g more categories , wit

h afe w exceptions , ha s appeare dt o create more problem s tha n i t solves . Another approac h t o thes e problem s i s no t t o create mor e groupings , bu t t o take a closer loo k a t ho w th e presen t

grouping s are characterize do r described . Mor e specifically , onc e source s are arrange din th e proces s groups , EPA mus t describ e o r characteriz e th e pollutio n prevention/contro l technique s bein g employe db y thes e sources . Ther e i s n o statutoril y prescribe dwa y tha t thes e source s mus t

b e described . On e characteristi c tha

t EPA an dcontracto r

staf f identifie da s awa

y t o describ e thes e source s i s th e weighte daverag e HA P conten t i n th e resi n use db y th e source . Th e staf f chos e t o identif

y tha t resi n HA P conten t

dow n t o th e precisio n of

asingl e percentag e point . Because HAPcontent in the resin is afactor

that in this industry is directly tied

to the specific product

produced and its intended

use, this degree of precision has produced

a very serious problem. I t ha s hadth e effect

of accentuatin g th e dissimilaritie s betwee n th e floor settin g source s an dth e res t of th e source s in th e groups , becaus e th e product s andthei r use s containe dwithi n asingl e categor y groupin g - an dhenc e th e HA P content of th e resi n - are quit e varied . Thi s leve l o f precisio n wit

h regar dt o HA P content

of th e resi n ha s le dt o numerou s complaint s tha t EPA i s proposin g t o hol dsource s to level s met b y source s in th e categor

y tha t are p. 1P.1 3 

### Working Draf

t ver y dissimila

r t o the m- level s whic h the y canno t mee t an dstil l produc e thei r products . Rather tha n startin g over

wit h ne w categorie s o r

groupings , many of

thes e identifie d problem s of

dissimilarit

y ca n b e solve db y takin g aclose r loo k a t ho w th e floor settin g source s shoul db e characterized . Specifically , wit h regardt o th e descriptio n of th e HA P content

ofth e resin , the problem ofthe diversity in the database categories may be greatly ameliorated ifthe HAPcontent

is designated

as "high HAP"

content or "low HAP"

content for each ofthe sources. Th e floor s woul db e set b y th e source s usin g lo w HA P conten t resi n (an dother

techniques , suc h a s advance d applicatio n technology ) an dal l th e source s in tha t categor y woul db e require db y th e resultin g floor

t o us e acombinatio n of

lo w HA P conten t

resi n andadvance d applicatio n technology , o r thei r equivalent . Thi s approac h allow s th e leve l of precisio n use din th e characterizatio n o f th e floor-setting source s t o matc h th e leve l of precisio n use din groupin g th e divers e source s of th e industr

y int o suc h asmal l number o f floor categories . Thi s approac h woul dhel p brin g th e propose dfloors closer t o th e statutor

y mandat e of

settin g floor s that

brin g al l source s withi n a categor y u p t o th e leve l of

contro l currentl y demonstrate db y th e bes tcontrolle d source s t o whic h the y are similar . Th e criteri ab y whic h thes e floor settin g source s woul db e characterize d- namely , hig h HA P an dlo w HA P resi n conten t - ar e already wel l establishe di n th e regulatio n ofthi s industr

y becaus e of

Californi arul e 116 2 which , sinc e it s final adoptio n si x year s ago , ha s bee n picke dup a s wel l b y other states . Specifically , rul e 116 2 require s th e us e o f lo w HA P resins , an dset s th e maximu mHA P monomer conten t b y weight accordin g t o certai n process/produc t group s that

ar e easil y translated , wit

h some easil y fixedexceptions , int o th e curren t structure of

th e Federal MAC T rule . Rul e 116 2 essentiall y establishe s th e followin g categorie s of lo w HA P materials : Process/Produc t Grou p Genera l purpos e Corrosion-Resistan t Fir e Retardan t Hig h Strengt h Clea rGe l Coa t Pigmente d Ge l Coa t Rul e 116 2 Maximu m Monome r Conten t b y Weigh t (a s applied )

35 % 48 % 42 % 48 % 50 % 45 % 

### Point value s fo r source s usin g low-HA P material s woul db e calculate dusin g th e maximu mmonomer

content s fo

r low-HA P material s establishe din Rul e 1162 . Fo r example , if

asourc e mad e non-corrosio n resistan t product s usin g resi n wit

h 33 % HA P an dnon-atomize dapplication , it s poin t valu e (fo r rankin g databas e source s an d settin g floors ) woul db e calculate dusin g 35 % HA P (sinc e thi s i s th e Rul e 116 2 limi t fo r general purpos e resins ) an dnon-atomize dapplication .P. M 

### Working Draf

t Note tha t Rul e 116 2 allow s th e weight of fille r an dother additive s t o b e adde dt o th e resi n weight

when calculatin g monomer content , allowin g i n effect resin s wit

h higher monomer content s t o b e use dfo

r filledsystems . Th e "a s applied " concep t wil l no t wor k in th e poin t

valu e system , an ds o th e floor fo r filledsystem s wil l hav e t o b e set usin g th e specifi c HA P content s use db y source s rathe r tha n b y lo w HA P /

hig h HA P approach . Th e resultin g floor fo r filledresin s shoul dstil l b e achievabl e sinc e anew pollutio n preventio n technolog y i s availabl e fo r filledresin s (non-atomize d application ) tha

t i s no t represente di n th e curren t floor. Also , Rul e 116 2 doe s no t

set HA P limit s fo

r tooling . CF

A ha s suggeste dtha

t th e MAC T requirement s fo

r toolin g b e base do n equipment an dwor k practice s (an dno t HA P content) , sinc e limitin g HA P conten t wil l resul t

in lower qualit y tool s andmore re-wor k (an dmore emissions) . Alternatively , toolin g coul dreasonabl y b e regulate d in th e corrosio n group wit

h 48 % HA P limi t

(toolin g mus t

b e resistan t

t o corrosio n (solvent ) attac k

jus t like other corrosion-resistan t

products) . Les s tha

n 2 % of resi n an dge l coa

t i s use dfo r tooling . Th e existing-sourc e floors fo r th e ope n moldin g process/produc t group s determine d b y th e HAP-categor

y approac h are show n in th e tabl e below . Process/Grou p C R Mechanica l Non-C R Mechanica l Non-C R Mechanica l Fille d C R Manua l Non-C R Manua l C R Filamen t Windin g Non-C R Filamen t Windin g Pigmente d Ge l Coa t Clea rGe l Coa t Existing-Sourc e Floo r

Base d o n Specifi c HA P Conten t 48.3 % HA P an d 100 % non-atomize d 37.1 % HA P an d 100 % non-atomize d 34 % HA P 40 % 32.3 % 42 % 45 %

30 % 44 % Existing-Sourc e Floo r Base d o n Lo wHA P / Hig h HA P Characterizatio n 48 % an d 50 % non-atomize d 35 % an d 100 % flo w coater s N o lo w HA P /

hig h HA P characterizatio n ca n b e establishe d fo rfilled ; however , th e curren t floo rwil l allo w 43 % HA P wit h non-atomize d 48 % 35 % 48 % 35 % - Thi s leve l i s wel l belo w an y i n th e database . Thi s i s a ver y smal l an d specialize d group , an d perhap s n o sourc e coul d compl y wit h Rul e 1162 . Th e floo rfo rthi s grou p shoul d remai n a t 45 % HAP . 45 % 50 % 

### Note tha t high-strengt

h an dhigh-temperatur e application s (an dpossibl y tooling ) shoul db e adde dt o th e corrosion-resistan t process/produc t

("specialty" ) group , whic h i s consisten t

wit h Rul e 1162 .CF A Revie wo f "Critica l Issues " fo r Ope n Moldin g MAC T Exhibi t 5 REVISE D Apri l 18,200 0OXIDATION *

A

B

C 

### Critica

l Issu e Whethe r th e environmen t

an d workplac e health disadvantage s of oxidatio n disqualif

y it a s "bes t technology " for

MAC T floo r

pur poses . Whethe r th e environmenta l an d workplac e health disadvantage s o f oxidation , togethe r

with it s hig h cost s an dlo w affordability , dis

qualif y i t a s abov e th e floo r MACT . If oxidatio n i s no t

disqualifie da s a "floor " technology , whic h facili

tie s shoul db e require dt o instal l it . 

### Discussio n Fo r CFA' s 1 8 cas e stud y facilities , contro l o f emission s b y oxidatio n increase dgreenhous e ga s an dcriteri apollutan t emission s 3 0 time s mor e tha n i t

reduce dHAPs . An y practicabl e captur e an dcontro l approac h wil l forc e source s t o violat e OSH A regulation s o n workplac e exposure s an dus e o f ventilatio n controls . Base do n CFA' s 1 8 cas e studies , captur e an d oxidatio n i s at

leas t 3 t o 1 0 time s mor e expen siv e an di s les s effectiv e tha n EP A claims . Carefu l economi c analysi s o f 1 7 cas e studie s demonstrate dtha t

non e o f the mcoul daffor

d captur e an doxidation . A smal l numbe r

o f ope n molder s d o emplo y captur e an doxidation . 

### Possibl e solution(s ) A-l . In ligh t

ofth e recentl y availabl e industr y dat aan d analysis , EP A shoul dreconside r whethe r oxidatio n i s reall y th e "best " contro l fo r ope n molding .

B-l . In ligh t

ofth e recentl y availabl e industr y dat aan d analysis , EP A shoul dreconcil e th e larg e disparit y i n th e cos t estimate s an dreconside r whethe r oxidatio n i s reall y a n affordabl e an dviabl e abov e th e floo r technology . C-1 . An y abov e th e floo r o r new/reconstructe dsourc e requiremen t

fo r end-of-stac k

control s shoul db e limite d t o thos e source s tha t

ar e identica l (i n al l respect s relevan t t o th e technica l feasibility an dcos t o f suc h controls ) t o thos e tha t ar e th e basi s fo r

th e MAC T requirement . * Lette r cod e doe s no t

impl y priorit y amon g issues .

P . 1 o f 4CF A Revie wo f "Critica l Issues " fo r Ope n Moldin g MAC T Exhibi t 5 REVISE D Apri l 18 , 200 0NEWSOURCES D

E 

### Critica

l Issu e Ne w sourc e floor s ar e s o lo w tha t man y ne w an dreconstructe d source s wil l b e force dt o instal l C+ C and/o r

highl y specialize dan d infeasibl e P 2 technology .

Th e definitio n o f

"reconstruction " mus t recogniz e th e smal l busines s an dlo w capita l characte r o f thi s industry . 

### Discussio n In severa l o f

th e ope n moldin g groups , th e best-controlle dsourc e i s no t reall y similar

- in term s o f

technica l an dfinancial ability t o us e C+ C an dP 2 control s - t o th e majorit y o f othe r sources .

Man y ope n molder s hav e ver y lo w capita l investment . If

EP A adopt s anarro w defini

tio n o f "affecte dfacility, " o r

abroa ddefini

tio n o f "reconstruction, " routin e change s at a facility (fo r

example , replacin g a

n atomize d spray gu n with anon-atomize dgun ) coul d trigge r ne w sourc e MACT . 

### Possibl e solution(s ) D-l . Onl y larg e ne w o r

reconstructe dsource s (wit h PT E abov e 10 0 ton s pe r

year ) shoul db e require dt o achiev e level s mor e stringen t

tha n th e existin g sourc e floors , an d thes e level s shoul dno t

requir e oxidation .

- an d- D-2 . MAC T requirement s fo r smalle r ne w an drecon structe dsource s shoul dno t diffe r substantivel y fro m thos e fo r existin g sources . E-l . EP A shoul dno t

anarro w definitio n o f

reconstruc tio n fo r thi s rule , an di n particula r shoul dno t

coun t in

vestmen t i n equipmen t

tha t wil l protec t

worker s o r

re duc e emission s towar dtriggerin g "reconstruction. "

- an d- E-2 . Ne w sourc e MAC T shoul dappl y onl y t o large r source s (se e Critica l Issu e D) .

- an d- E-3 . Sinc e MAC T fo r

ne w an dreconstructe dsource s become s effectiv e o n proposal , EP A shoul dallo w indus

try t o commen t

on th e reconstructio n definitio n before proposal .

P . 2 o f 4CF

A Revie wo f "Critica l Issues " fo r Ope n Moldin g MAC T Exhibi t 5 REVISE D Apri l 18 , 200 0 Critica l Issu e Discussio n Possibl e solution(s ) Th e HA P limi t

fo r resi n use dfo r non-corrosio n manua l i s to o lo w for man y products . Resi n use dfo r non-corrosio n manua l i s limite dt o 32.3 % HAP , whil e th e resi n fo r mechanica l applicatio n i s limite dt o 37.1 % (assumin g non-atomize dapplica

tion) . Technicall y thi s make s n o sense . Source s us e th e sam e dru mo f resi n t o mak e multipl e component s - whethe r b y manua l or

mechanica l - an dth e com ponent s ar e the n ofte n joine dtogethe r t o mak e asingl e produc t al l part s o f

whic h mus t hav e th e sam e physica l an dchemica l properties . G-1 . Us e th e lo w HA P charac

terizatio n approac h t o se t th e floors .

2 S 

## o o fa 

## a u & 

## o 1/ 3 

## o g H c c H Th e HA P limit s fo r resi n use dfo r

corrosio n manua l an dfor

corro sio n filamen t

windin g ar e to o lo w fo r

man y products . Resi n use dfo r corrosio n manua l i s limite dt o 40 % HA P an dfor corrosio n filamen t windin g t o 42% , whil e th e resi n for mechanica l applicatio n i s limite dt o 48.3 % (assumin g non-atomize dapplication) . Technicall y thi s make s n o sense . Source s us e th e sam e dru mo f resi n t o make multipl e component s - whethe r b y manual , filament

winding , o r

mechanica l - an dth e component s ar e the n often joine dtogethe r

t o mak e asingl e product , al l part s o f whic h mus t

hav e th e sam e physica l an dchemica l properties . H-l . Us e th e lo w HA P charac

terizatio n approac h t o se t th e floors .

Th e HA P limit s fo r manua l applicatio n o f toolin g resi n an dtool

in g ge l coa t

ar e to o low . Tool s (molds ) mus t b e mad e t o ver

y hig h shrink- , heat- , an dsolvent-resistan t standards . Adjustin g th e HA P conten t o f toolin g resi n an dge l coa t wil l resul t

i n lowe r qualit y tools , whic h wil l requir e re-mad e o r repaire dpart s an dne w tool s - causin g i n th e en dmor e HA P emission s than if ther e wer e n o HA P limit s o n toolin g materials . Les s tha n 2 % o f resi n an dge l coat

i s use dfor

tooling . I-l . MAC T requirement s fo r

resin s an dge l coat s use dt o pro duc e an drepai r

tool s (molds ) shoul dfocu s o n work

practice s (fo r example , non-atomize dfo r mechanica l resi n application , an d controlle dspray fo r

ge l coa t ap plication ) instea do f

HA P limits .

- o r - 1-2 . Conside r

toolin g t o b e aspe cialt y applicatio n (lik e corrosion ) wit h HA P limi t

o f 48% . Th e HA P limi t

fo r me chanica l filledwil l no t allo w th e us e o f

resin s neede dfo r

thermo

forme dthermoplasti c sheet . Us e o f thermoforme dthermoplasti c shee t a s th e surfac e of

aproduc t

require s resi n with 42 % HAP , bu t th e floo r for mechanica l filledwil l limi t HA P t o 33.9% . Man y bathwar e an d(increasingly ) othe r product s us e forme dacryli c o r othe r thermoplasti c shee t

a s th e exterio r

surfac e ofth e product . Thi s provide s a very hig h qualit y premiu m(expensive ) product . However , t o provid e th e prope r bon dbetwee n th e thermoplasti c shee t an dth e composit e laminate , aresi n wit h highe r HA P i s needed . Overal l emission s ar e lowe r becaus e n o ge l coa t

i s used . Proble m solved : Source s ca n

no w us e non-atomize dapplica

tio n t o appl y th e filledresi n with th e neede dHA P conten t an dstil l mee t th e floo r (a s lon g a s th e floo r stay s a t 14 4 poin t

value) .

P . 3 o f 4CF A Revie wo f "Critica l Issues " fo r Ope n Moldin g MAC T Exhibi t 5 REVISE D Apri l 18 , 200 0EXISTINGSOURCEFLOORS(cont.) K

L

M 

### Critica

l Issu e Th e HA P limi t

fo r clea r ge l coa t wil l no t allo w product s t o mee t

ANS I requirement s fo r plumbin g fixtures. Th e HA P limi t

fo r pigmente dge l coa t (30% ) i s to o lo w fo r man y products . Highe r HA P limit s ar e neede dfor

specialt y products . 

### Discussio n Clea r ge l coat s wil l b e limite dt o 44% , bu t product s mus t

b e mad e wit

h 48 % HA P ge l coa t

t o mee t th e ANS I requirement s fo r sanitary ware . Ge l coa t

wit h HA P conten t

o f les s than 48 % wil l no t

pas s th e ANS I Z-l2 4 standar dfo r plasti c plumbin g fixtures in mos t applications . Thes e product s represen t on e o f th e larges t use s o f clear ge l coat . Th e HA P limi t

fo r pigmente dge l coa t

i s base do n formula s containin g heav y inorgani c pigment . Man y formula s wit h muc h lighte r

organic pigment s wil l hav e highe r

HA P content s whe n measure da s aweigh t percent . Severa l "non-corrosion " product s nee dresin s with highe r HA P contents , fo r

ex ampl e ifth e produc t

wil l b e heate din apain t

ove n o r in-use , o r

fo r product s mad e t o Militar y Specifications . California' s SCAQM D Rul e 116 2 recognize s th e nee dfo r

highe r HA P resi n for

product s needin g hea t

resistanc e an dhig h strength . Wher e ne w low-HA P resin s ar e available , smalle r fabricator s stil l nee d 5-1 0 year s t o tes t

an dphase-i n ne w resin s fo r thes e demandin g applications . 

### Possibl e solution(s ) K-l . Us e th e lo w HA P charac

terizatio n approac h t o se t th e floors . -o r

- K-2 . Establis h aseparat e proc ess/produc t

grou p fo r

product s mad e t o mee t

ANS I requirements . L-l . Us e th e lo w HA P characteri

zatio n approac h t o se t

th e floors .

- o r - L-2 . Establis h aseparat e proc ess/produc t

grou p fo r

ge l coa t wit h organi c pigment . M-l . Ad dspecialt y product s (needin g hig h strengt h o r hig h hea t resistance , o r

mad e t o mee t Mi l Specs ) t o th e corrosio n proc ess/produc t

group s (wit h 48.3 % HA P limit) .

P . 4 o f 4