# PROCEDURE DD: QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR HYDROCHLORIC ACI D CO NTINUOUS EMISSI ON MONITORING SYSTEMS AT STATIONARY SOURCES

N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 5 Revision: 1.0EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Procedu re DD outline s t he co ntinuin g quality co ntrol an d qu ality assu ra n c e requi rem e nts for a hydro c hlo r i cacid (HCl) co ntinuou s emi ssi on monito ring syste m (CEMS). Pro c ed ure DD provides the procedures and perfor mance criteria for daily c hecks of the high-level and zero-level drift. Thi s pro c ed ure al so p r ovide s t he p r o c edu re s an d pe rfor mance crite r i a for q uarte rl y absol ute calibratio n audits a s well as ann ual a c curacy au dits.

iTA BLE OF CON T EN TS 1.0 USING PROC EDURE DD

...................................................................................................... 3 1.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE AND APPL ICABILITY OF PROCE D URE DD?

.................... 3 1.2 WHAT A R E THE BASIC REQUI R EM E N TS OF PROC EDURE DD?

............................. 3 1.3 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINITIONS APPLY TO PROCED URE DD?

................................... 3 2.0 INTERFE R E NCES, SAFETY, A ND EQUIPMENT RE QUIREME N TS

.................................. 6 2.1 WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW TO ENSURE THE S A FETY OF PERSONS USING PROCED URE DD?

............................................................................................. 6 2.2 WHAT EQUI PMENT AND SUPPLIES DO I NEED?

....................................................... 6 2.3 WHAT REGE NTS AND STANDA RDS DO I NEED?

...................................................... 6 3.0 QUALITY CONTROL, CALIBRATION AND STA NDA RDIZATION

....................................... 8 3.1 WHAT QUALITY CONTROL MEA S URES ARE REQUI R ED BY PROCE D UR E DD?

.......................................................................................................... 8 3.2 WHAT CALI BRATION CHECKS A N D AUDIT PROCEDURES MUST I PERFORM FOR MY HCL CEMS?

.................................................................................. 8 4.0 PERFORMA NCE CRITERIA AND CALCUL ATIONS

.......................................................... 12 4.1 WHAT A R E THE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR MY HCl CEMS?

......................... 12 4.2 WHAT CA LCULATIONS, EQUATIONS, AND DATA ANALYS ES ARE NEEDED?

...................................................................................................................... 13 5.0 OTHE R REQUIREMENTS AND INFORM ATION

................................................................ 19 5.1 WHAT P O LLUTION PRE VENTION P R OCEDURE S MUST I FOLLOW? [RESERVED ]

................................................................................................................. 19 5.2 WHAT REFERENCE TABLES AN D FIGURES ARE RE LEVANT TO PROCE D UR E DD?

........................................................................................................ 19 6.0 RELEVANT RE FERE NCES

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Table 1. Ong o ing Qu ality Assu ra nce/Q uality Control Calib ration G a s Rang es Figure 1. Dynamic Spi k in g Overview

ii1.0 USING PR O C ED URE DD
1.1 WH AT IS TH E PURPOSE AN D APPLIC ABILITY OF PROCE D UR E DD? The purpo se of Pro c e d u r e DD i s to e s tabli s h th e minimum re q u irem ents for quality cont rol (QC) a nd quality a s surance (QA) p r ocedu re s fo r the HCl CE MS . The s e quality control an d qu ality assuran c e pro c ed ures a r e in pla c e to ensure the accuracy and validity of the data rep o rt ed by the HCl CEMS fo r emission co mplian c e pu rposes. Any HCl CEMS us ed fo r re porting purp o se s to the Environme n tal Protec tion A genc y(EPA), s t ate, or loc a l environ mental agenc i es mus t comply with Procedure DD immediately after the co mpletion of the perfo rm ance spe c ifi c ation te st outlined in Perform a n c e Specification Z I

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1.2 WH AT ARE THE B A SIC REQUI R EME N TS OF PRO C ED URE DD ? Procedu re DD incl ude s p roce dures an d perfo rma n ce crit er ia fo r c o nd uc tin g da ily c a libration drift tes t s ,, quarte rly a b solute calib rati on a udits, an d an nual a c cura cy dete r m i nation s . P roce dure DD also covers the requi rem ents an d timelines a s so ciat ed with pe rio d s when the HCl i s out of control.
1.3 WHAT SPECIAL DEFINITI ON S APPLY TO PROCEDURE DD? Calibration Drift: The differen c e in th e CEMS outpu t rea d ing s fro m the esta bli s he d referen c e val ue after a stated pe rio d of operatio n during whi c h no unsch edu led mainten a n ce o r adju s t m ent took pla c e.

Calibra tion Error: The mean differe nce between the con c e n tration i ndi cat ed by th e CEMS and th e kno w n con c e n tration ge ne rated by a ca libration sou r ce at three le vels whe n the entire CEM S , including the sam p ling interface is challen ged. A CE test i s p e rform ed to d o cum ent the accuracy a n d linearity of the CEMS over the ent ire measurement range.

Cen t roidal Area: me an s a con c ent ri c a r ea t hatis geo met r ic allysim ilar t o t he st a ck o r du ctcro ss se ct ion and is n o gre a ter than 1 p e rcent of the stack o r du ct cro s s-se ction a l area.

Con t inuous Emission Monitoring Sy stem : me an s the total e qui pment requi red for the d e termin ation of a gas con c en tration or emi ssi on rate. The sam p le interface, pollut ant analyze r , diluent analy z er, and data recorder a r e t he majo r su b s ystem s of the CEMS.

3Correla tion Coe fficien t: determi ne s the extent of a linea r rela ti onship betwe en two field s over a given perio d of time.
Data Record er: Th e po rtion of the CE MS that provi des a re co rd of analyze r o u tput, flags which in dicate norm a l ope ra tion, and flag s indi cating a bnormal op eration. The d a ta re corde r may record o t her pe rtinent data su ch a s effluent flow rates, and vari ous in stru me nt temperatu r es.

Diluent Anal y z er: mean s that portion of the CEMS t hat sen s e s the diluent ga s (i .e. O 2 ) and g enerates an output pro p o rtional to the gas con c entration.

D y namic Sp iking: a p r ocedure u s ed t o do cume nt the a ccu ra cy, pre c isi on, a nd bia s of th e monitori ng system by qu antitatively sp iking a certifie d gas into the pollutant ga s stream.
High-L e v e l Drift : me an s the ab sol u te differen c e betwe en a hi gh-level calib ration g a s a n d the monito r respon se, in units of the a pplicable stan dard.

Instrumen tMeasure men t Ran g e : The range of HCl con c entratio n s t he in stru ment can reli ably measure from the lowe st con c e n trati on to the high est. Intercept: value of the Y variabl e wh en the X variable is equal to zero -level. Linear Regression : a m e thodol ogy u s ed to find a formula th at can be u s e d to relate tw o variable s that are line a rly re lated. Path Sampling CEMS : A CEMS that sample s the source efflue nt along a path greate r tha n 10 pe rcent of the equivale n tdiameter of the sta ck o r d u ct cro ss se ction.
Point Sampling CEMS : A CEMS that sample s the source effluent at a single p o int.

Pollutant An alyz er: mean s that portion of the CEMS that sense s the polluta nt gas an d generates a n output pro p o rtional to the gas con c entration.

Relativ e Ac curacy (RA) : mea n s the absolute m ean differen c e between t he ga s con c entration or emission rate determin ed by the CE MS and the value determi ned by t he Reference Method (RM), plu s

4the 2.5 perce nt erro r confi den ce coeffici ent of a seri e s of tests, divi ded by the m ean of the RM tests o r the appli c able e m issi on limit.
Resp onse Ti me: T he tim e interval between th e start of a step cha nge i n th e system i nput an d when the pollutant an al yzer outp u t re ach ed 95% of the final value.
Sample Interface: Th e po rtion of the CEMS used fo r one or mo re of the follo wing: sampl e acq u isition, sampl e tran sport, sam p le con d itioning, or protectio n of the monitor from the effects of sta ck g a s.
Slope: The rate of chan ge of Y relative to the cha nge in X.

Zero-lev el-lev el drift: m ean s the ab solute differe nce betwee n a hi gh -level cali bratio n gas an d th e monitor respo n se, in unit s of the applica b le stan dard.

52.0 INTERFE R E NCES, SAFE TY, AND EQ UIPMENT R E QUIREME N TS
2.1 WH AT DO I NEED TO K N O WTO EN SURE THE SAFETY OF P E RS ONS USING PROCE D URE DD? People u s ing Procedu re DD may be ex posed to ha zardo u s m a terial, operatio n a l hazard s , a nd ha za rdou s site conditio n s . Pro c ed ure DD doe s n o t address all t he sa fety issues asso ciat ed with it s u s e. It is your responsibility to ensure the safety of persons using Procedure DD. So me helpful references may includ e the CEMS manual, the CE MS manufact u re r, other re feren c e m e tho d s, and o n -site safety regul ations.
2.2 WHAT EQUIPMENT AN D SUPPLIES DO I NEED? 2.2.1 Equipment for the CEMS 1. Sample Extraction Sy stem: This port i on of the CEMS must prese n t a sa m p le of so urce effluent to the sam p ling mo dule that i s di rectly rep r e s e n tative or can be corre c ted so as to b e rep r e s entativ e of sou r ce. The sam p le extraction sy stem typically co nsi s ts of a sam p le pro b e and a he ated umbilical line. 2. Pressure Re gulation M o dule: The pressure reg u la tion mod u le i s d e si gned to rem o ve b o th free p a rti c ula t es a nd wate r-solu ble a e rosol s fr om th e ga s stre a m pri o r to a nalysi s by th e sampli ng mo dule. Thi s module also provide s a sample g a s to the analyzer at a con s ta nt pre s sure (opti onal). 3. Analyz er module: The p o rtion of the CEMS that quan tita tes stack g a s con c entrations of HCl. 4. Diluent Module: Thi s portion of the CEMS quantifi e s st ack ga s con c e n tration s of oxyge n o r CO2. For systems with a multi-com p onent a nalyzer, the sam e analyzer qu antifies the con c e n tration of all measu r ed analyte s
. 5. Sy stem Con t roller: Thi s portio n of t he CEMS provi des co ntrol of the a n alyzer, sam p l e prob e, pre s su re re gulatio n module a nd the sam p le int e rface. 6. Data record er : You r HCl CEMS mu st be a b le to re cord HCl con c entration s a nd in stru men t status sign als (flags).

2.3 WH AT REGE NTS A ND STAN D A R D S D O I NEED?

62.3.1 Referen ce G ases, Ga s Cells, or Optic a l Filters See Table 1 f o r cali bration gas con c e n tration ran g e s
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73.0 QU ALITY C O NT ROL, C A LIB RA T IO N A ND STA N D A RDIZA TI ON
3.1 WH AT Q U AL ITY CONT R O L MEASU R ES ARE RE QUIRE D BY PROCE D UR E DD? You mu st de velop an d im plement a qu ality control p r og ram th at, at a minimu m incl ude s d e tailed writte n pro c ed ures fo r all of the followin g activities. 1. Procedu re s f o r perfo rmin g drift che c ks on a d a ily ba sis, incl udin g but not limite d to, zero-l evel drift, high-lev e l drift, and sample volum e measurement drift (when appli c able). 2. Procedu re s a nd metho d s of adjustin g the HCl CE M S in respon se to the re su lts of the drift che c ks. 3. Preventative maintena nce of the HCl CE MS. 4. Data re co rdi n g, calculation s , and repo rting. 5. Procedu re s for re quired a udits, incl udin g abs olute ca libration a udit s and a c cura cy audits. 6. Procedu re s for adju s ting y our CEMS b a s ed o n audit result s. 7. A prog ram of corre c tive action a n d stack op eration proced ure s in case of a CE MS malfunctio n a nd an out of control pe rio d

. You are requ ired to ke ep written doc u m entation of your QA/Q C pro c ed ures o n re co rd a n d available fo r insp ectio n for the life of the CE MS o r until you a r e no lo nge r subje c t to the re quirem ents of thi s pro c ed ure. If you fail two consecutive audi ts you mu st revise your QA/QC pro c edures.
3.2 WH AT CALI B RA TIO N C H EC KS A N D AU DIT PRO C ED URES M U ST I PERFORM FO R M Y HCL CEMS? Ongoi ng q ual ity control wil l inclu de dail ycalib ration drift tests, qu arterly a b solu te calib ratio n audits, and annu al accu racy test audit s , whi c h are discu s sed bel ow: 3.2.1 DailyCalibration Drift Ch ecks The zero-l evel and high -le v el drift sh all be che c ked o n ce daily. Th e cali brati on gas co ncentration rang es are provided in Table 1. To determi ne t he z e ro-level drift or c a librati on drift, introduc e to the CEMS the referen c e ga se s, ga s cell s, or optical filters (the se n e ed not be ce rtified) for the zero-l evel an d high -level values. Re co rd the CEMS respon se and subtract thi s value from th e refe ren c e v a lue. The cali bration drift shall n o t exceed 5% of th e instrume nt spa n . Zero-l ev el and hi gh -level calibration drifts sh al l be adju s ted, at a mi nimum , whe neve r th e 24 -h our zero-level drift e x c eed s th e li mits of th e ca libration d r ift spe c ification

. 8The amou nt of exce ss ze ro-l evel a nd high-l e vel d r if t mea s ured at the 24-ho ur i n terval ch ecks will b e recorded. 3.2.2 Quar terly Absolute Calibra ti on Au dit (Calibra tion Error Test) The qua rterl yAbsol u te Calib ration Audit will fo llow th e Cal i bration Erro r p r o c ed ure outline d in Perform a n c e Specification Z. The HCl CEMS shall b e chall eng ed three no n-co nse c utive times with ze rolevel, mid-lev e l, and high -l evel ce rtified gases. The cylinder ga se s will be certified ga se s (EP A Protocol 1 gases are not available for HCl ). The cal i bration gase s will be inj e cted into the sample sy stem as cl ose to the sam p ling prob e as p r acti cal a nd will pa ss th rough all CE MS comp on ents u s ed d u ring n o rm al monitori ng. The a b solute differen c e b e twee n the in st rum ent re spon se and th e refe re nce v a lue (certified gas) will be calculated after eac h injection and the resulting three differences will be averaged to determi ne th e calib ration error at ea ch measure m e n t point. The calib ration e rro r for e a ch of the three levels will not exceed 5% o f span. An absol ute calibration audit will be perf o rmed quarterly , except during the quart e r the annual accuracy is perfo rmed. 3.2.3 Annu al Accu rac y Test Au dit The annual accuracy audit of the HCl CEMS will consist of a cali br ation drift test (seven day drift) and an accuracy det ermin a tion byperforming ei ther a rel a tive accura cy det ermin a tion, or by dynamic spikin g. 3.2.3.1 Sev e n-DayDrift Tes t(s ev en day drift) Prior to the start of the accura cy test (eit her the Re lat i v e A ccu ra cyor Dy n a mic S p ikin g) you m u st pe rform a cali bratio n drift test for a peri od of sev en con s e c utiv e days. The seven - day ca libration drift t e st mu st be con d u c ted when the facility is under n o r mal op eratio ns . Du ring th e calib ration drift test peri od you must determi ne th e mag n itude of the zero-l e v el cali bratio n drift a nd th e hig h -level calibratio n d r ift at lea s t o n ce each day. Duri ng the st ability tests, no adju s tme n ts or calib rations may b e made to the CEMS. If perio dic auto m atic o r ma nual adju s tm ents are ma de to th e CE MS ze ro -leve l and calibration setting s, con d u c t the CD test i m m ediately b e fore the s e adju s tment s, o r co ndu ct it in su ch a way that the CD can be d e termin e d . The ze ro -l evel and hig h
- level d r ift ea ch m u st be l e ss tha n 5% of the in stru ment span fo r each of seve n con s e c utive days. 3.2.3.2 Relativ e Acc u rac y Deter m ination The relative accuracy determination will be conducted while the affected fa cility is operating during normal operation, or as spe c ified i n an appli c a b l e sub part. Referen c e M e thod s (RM ) . Unless otherwise sp ecified in an applicable sub part of the regulatio ns, Method s 26 or 26A, or th eir ap prove d alternative s , ar e the reference metho d s for HCl. Other referen c e method s for moistu re, oxygen, etc. maybe necessa ry. 9Sampling Strategy for RM Test s . Condu ct the RM test s in su ch a way that they will yield re sults rep r e s entativ e of the emission s from th e sou r ce and c an b e co rrel a ted to the CEMS data. It is preferable to con d u c t the diluent (if a pplicable ) , m o isture (i f n e eded ), and p o llutant mea s urem ents sim u ltaneo usly. Ho wever, dil uent an d m o isture me a s ureme n ts t hat are ta ken within a n hou r of the poll u tant measurement s may be u s ed to cal c ul a t e dry polluta nt con c ent rat i on and emission rate s. In ord e r to correl ate the CEMS and RM data prope rly, note the begin n ing a n d end of ea ch RM test p e r iod of ea ch run (in c lu ding the exact tim e of day ) on the CEMS ch art recording s o r othe r p e rmanent re co rd of output. For integ r ate d sam p les m a ke a sam p le traverse of at least 21 minutes, sam p ling for an equal time at each traverse point. Numb er of RM Tests . Condu ct a minimum of nine sets of all ne cessary RM test run s
. NOTE : Mo re than ni ne set s of RM te sts may be perf o rme d . If this option i s cho s en, a maxim u m of three sets of the te st re sults ma y be reje cted so lo ng a s t he total num ber of te st re sults used to determi ne th e RA is greater than or eq ual to nine. However, a ll data must be repo rted, incl u d in g the reje cted data. Correl ation o f RM and CEMS Data

. Correl ate the CEMS and the RM test data as to the time and duratio n by f i rst d e termini ng from th e CEMS final output (th e o ne u s ed fo r repo rting ) th e integrated averag e poll u tant con c e n t ration or em issi on rate fo r each pollut ant RM test perio d. Con s ide r syste m respon se tim e , if important , and co nfir m that the pair of results a r e on a con s iste nt moisture, tempe r ature, and dil uent concentratio n basi s . T hen, com p a r e e a c h inte grated CEMS valu e again s t the correspon ding averag e RM value. If the RM h a s an in tegrated sam p ling te chni q ue, ma ke a di rect com p a r ison of the RM results an d CEMS integrat ed avera ge value. Cal c ulate th e mean differe nce between the RM and CEMS value s in the u n its of the emi ssi on sta nda rd, the stand ard deviation, the confide n ce coefficient, an d t he relative accuracy a c cordin g to the cal c ulatio ns in Section 4.0. The RA of the CE MS must not b e greate r tha n 20% of the mean valu e of the refe ren c e method (RM) test data, o r n o t gre a ter th a n 10% in te rms of th e emi ssi on stand ard (p pmv, dry), or h a ve a n absolute diffe ren c e of less than 5 ppmv betwe en the mean refere n c e value a nd the mean CE MS value. 3.2.3.3 D y namic Spiking Dynami cspi k ing ca n be u s ed in lieu of the Rel a tive Accura cy Dete rminatio n as an altern ative method for documentin g the a c cura cy, pre c i s ion, a nd bi as of th e HCl CEMS . Figure 1 provides an ov erview of the dynamic spi k i ng arran gem ent. While the HCl CEMS i s sampli ng flue gas, HCl refe ren c e ga s is int r od uce d into th e CEMS sa mpl e interface by usin g a mass flow controll er (o r equival ent ). The target ratio of actual flue ga s to the HCl referen c e ga s i s 9:1, but must be ke pt at a mi nimum ratio of 1:1. The HCl con c entration is q uantitated by

10the HCl CEMS. One minute avera g e d values, in units of the appli c able st anda rd, are colle cted a n d archeived. An elem ent of op portu nity shall be used to ca lc ulate the dynamically spi k ed HCl con c e n tration (re pre s e n ts t he referen c e HCl con c ent ration ). Th e eleme n t of oppo rtunity is an a nalyte, whi c h woul d norm a lly be pre s ent in th e flue ga s at steady con c ent ration s. Examples of pro s pe ctive element s of oppo rtunity woul d be O 2 , NOx, SO 2 , CO 2 , or moisture. Thi s analyte is measured u s ing a ce rtified referenc e CE MS, s eparate from the HCL CEMS. In addition, a calib rated L a mina r Flo w Element (flo w a s an ele m ent of opp ortunity) can be u s ed as a se con dary i n dicato r fo r ca lculatin g the dynamically spi k ed HCl concentratio n (re pre s e n ts t he referen c e HCl con c ent ration). Whil e the Lami n a r Flo wElem ent is mai n ly for ve rification of the dynamic spi k in g system ope ra tion, the use of flow a s an element of o p portunity can be u s ed to ca lculate th e co nce n tration of the HCl dy namic spi k e. In additio n , HCl con c e n trat ion of the flu e ga s (b asel i ne HCL) shal l be dete r min ed p r io r to e a ch spiki n g trial. The ba selin e HCl co nce n tration is ba sed upo n a serie s of at least 10, o n e -min ute ave r age d d a ta points. Ba sel i ne data mu st be colle cted immediately prio r to ea ch test ru n. The data poi nts must in clud e the HCl co ncentration, ele m ent of opp o rtunity con c e n trat ion ( s) an d the flow re corde d by the lamina r flo w element. A site-sp e cifi c sta ndard ope rati ng pro c e d u r e for the HCL dynamic spi k i ng is re qui red

. Linea r regression i s u s e d t o esta blis h th e accu ra cy, p r eci s io n, and bias of the HCl CEMS. T he criteri a for the HCl dyn a m ic spi k in g are: 1. The co rrelatio n coeffici ent (r) mu st be greater than o r equal to 0.90 2. The slo pe mu st be 1.0, +/- 0.15 3. The Intercept must be equ al to or less than 15% of the instrume nt span

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114.0 PERFO RMA NCE C R ITER IA AN D C A L CUL ATIO NS
4.1 WH AT ARE THE PERFO RMA N C E C R I TERIA FO R MY HCl CEM S ? You must de monst r ate th at your HCl CEMS ha s a dequ ate stabi lity, precisio n , accu ra cy, resp on se time and data re p o rting capa bil i ties to deter mine if your facility is in co mplia n c e with HCl emissio n standa rd s o r operating pe rmit limits as spe c ifi ed in applicable regulatio ns o r permits. You will dem o n strate thi s cap a city by showi ng that your HCl CEM S meets the followin g pe rforma nce crite r ia. 4.1.1 DailyCalibration Che ck Criteria The d a ily ze ro-l evel d r ift or calib ration drift ea ch shall not exce ed 5% of sp a n
. T h e ca lcu l a t io ns are provide d in Section 4.2.2. 4.1.2 Quar terly Absolute Audit The absolute mean differe nce betwee n the CEMS an d the refe ren c e val u e s , at all thre e te st points, must be no greate r than 5% of span. The calcul ation s are p r ovided in Se ction 4.2.3. 4.1.3 Relativ e Acc u rac y The RA of the CEMS must not be gr eater than 20% of the mean value of the re feren c e meth od (RM ) test data, o r n o t greate r th an 10% i n terms of the e m issi on stan dard (ppmv, dry), o r have an ab solute differen c e of less than 5 ppmv betwe en the mean refere nce value and the mean CEM S value. The cal c ulatio ns a r e provided in Sections 4.2. 5 - 4.2.7. 4.1.4 D y namic Spiking Dynami c ally spi k ing may be used in lieu of a Rela ti ve Accuracy Test as a mean s to do cume nt the accuracy, pre c isi on, and bi as of the HCl CEMS. The criteria f o r the HCl dy namic spi k ing is (1) The co rrel a tion co efficient, r, must be greate r than or equ al to 0.90 (2) T he slo pe mu st be 1.0, +/- 0.15 (3) Th e In tercept mu st be equ al to or less tha n 15% of the instru ment sp an. The cal c ul ations a r e p r ovi ded in Sectio n 4.2.8. 4.1.4.1 Out of Con t r o l The HCl CE MS will be considered out of control if the zero-lev el (low-level) or high level calibration drift excee d s two times the ap p licabl e cali bra t ion drift spe c ific ation (i.e. the cali bratio n drift is gre a te r than ± 1 0

12% of sp an.) In additio n , the HCl CEMS will al so be con s ide r e d out of co ntrol if the CE MS fails th e quarte rly ab solute cali brati on audit or th e annu al accura cy test au dit. W h en th e CEMS is o u tof c o n t r o l, th e o w ne r o r o per ator shall ta ke th e n e cessaryco rrectiv e a c tion and shall re peat all ne ce ssary tests, whi c h indicate that t he system i s out of control

. The owne r or ope rato r shall ta ke co rre ctive actio n and con d u c t rete sti ng until the perf o rma n ce re q u irem ents a r e belo wthe appli c able crit eria. The o u t of co ntrol p e rio d b egin s imme di ately after th e failed drift t e st o r a udit. The o u t of co ntrol p e rio d end s immedi ately followin g the su cce s sful co mpleti on of req u ire d pro c e dures associ ated with the failure of the audit test. Duri ng the out of co n t rol peri od yo u may not use the data ge nerate d by the HCl CEMS for com p lian c e purp o ses.

4.2 WHAT CAL CULATIONS, EQUATION S , AND DATA ANALYSES ARE NEE D E D ? 4.2.1 Arithme t ic M ean Cal c ulate the arithmeti cme an of a data set as follows: 

# ∑ = i 

### x n x 1 (Equa tion 1)

whe r e :


### x = Arithmetic me an

n = Numb er of da ta points

x

i = Value of each data point

4.2.2 DailyHigh-le v e l and Zero-lev el Drift CD =( ⎪ R - A ⎪ / S ) * 100 (Equa tion 2) whe r e: CD = Percent cali bration drift (%), R = Referen c e va lue of zero-l e v el or high le vel calibration gas intro d u c ed into the monitori ng sy stem (p pmv), 13A = Ac tual monitor res p onse to c a libration gas (ppmv), S = Span of the instru ment (p pmv).

4.2.3 Calibra tion Error CE = ⎪ d av g / S ⎪ * 100 (Equa tion 3) whe r e: CE = Percent cali brat ion er ror (% ), d av g = Mean differen c e betwee n CEMS resp on se and the kno w n refe re nce gas (ppmv), S = Span of the monitor (ppm v).

4.2.4 Mean Di ffere nce Cal c ulate the arithmeti cme an differen c e as follo ws: 

# ∑ = i avg 

### d n d 1 (Equa tion 4)

whe r e : d avg = Arithmetic me an of differen c e s

n = Number of data s e ts di = differen c e of each data set
And

i i i 

### y x d

− = (Equa tion 5)
whe r e :

x i = Value at data set x yi = Value at data set y

144.2.5 Relativ e Acc u rac y The RA for th e monitors wil l be cal c ulate d usin g the le ast re stri ctive of equation 6 or equatio n 7 : RA = ( ⎪ d av g ⎪ + ⎪ CC ⎪ ) (Equa tion 6)
or RA = (( ⎪ d avg ⎪ + ⎪ CC ⎪ ) / TM av g ) * 100 (Equa tion 7) whe r e: RA = Relative a c cu racy, eithe r p e rcent or p p m v or % abso l ute, d av g = Arithmetic m ean of differe nce s b e twe e n value me asured by the i n stalle d CEM S and the referen c e me thod, CC = Confid en ce coefficient, TM av g = Average valu e measured b ythe referen c e test method monitors.

4.2.6 Con f idenc e Coe fficien t The confidence coefficient will be calculated usi ng equation 8: CC = t 0.975 * (S d / (n 1⁄2 )) (Equa tion 8) whe r e: CC = Confid en ce coefficient, t 0.975 = t-value o b tai ned f r om Ta ble 2.1 in P e rform a n c e Specification 2, 40 CFR Part 6 0 Appendix B

4.2.7 Standa rd De v i ation (of Di ffere nc es) S d = Standard d e v iation of dif f eren ce s m e asu r ed between th e in st alled CEMS and the referen c e me thods cal c ulat ed usi ng eq u a tion 8:

2 / 1 2 1 1 2
1 ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥

⎦ ⎤

⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢ ⎢

⎣ ⎡

− ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

−

= 

## ∑ ∑ =

= n n d S n i i n
i i d 

## d (Equa tion 9)

whe r e: n = Numb er of va lues in thi s da ta set.
154.2.8 D y namic Spiking For b a seline data, dete r mine the averag e con c e n tr ation fo r t he HCl CE MS, the refe ren c e m e tho d element s o r oppo rtunity, the La mina r F l ow Elem ent flow value an d the ma ss fl ow cont rol se ttings. Fo r each spe c ific test run, det ermin e the a v erage valu e of the CEM S HCl d a ta, the ave r ag e value of th e referen c e val ues for the e l ements of o pportu nity, includi ng th e l a mina r flo w
. The averag e CEMS HCl value is actu al CEMS HCl value for th e sp ecifi cte strun. Th e referen c e HCl value for th e test run i s cal c ulate d as follows:

HCl ref = 

### l BaselineHC CalGas pre Opp post Opp

avg avg 

### +

− −

− * 1 (Equation 1 0 )

whe r e: HCl ref = Refe ren c e H C l v a l ue for ru n “X” Opp-po st av g = avera ge referen c e el eme n t of opportu nity value during test (do w nstre a m of sp ike) Opp-pre av g = averag e refe rence eleme n t of opportunity value durin g test (up s tre a m of spike) CalG as = HCl calibration g a s con c entration Baselin e HCl = CEMS HCl averag e ba se line value
Usi ng d a ta from ea ch of the thre e test runs, p e rfo r m a linea r reg r e ssi on of the CEMS HCl a v erage value s again s t the Referen c e HCl values u s in g the followi ng e quation s give n belo w :



### x b b y o 1 

### ˆ +

= (Equa tion 11 )

w h e r e : b o = The y intercept b 1 = The slo pe

16The interce p t is cal c ul ated according to the followi ng e quation:



### x b y b o 1 

### − = (Equa tion 12 )

whe r e: 

# ∑

= 

### = n
i i 

### x n x 1 

### 1 

# ∑

= 

### = n
i i 

### y n y 1 

### 1

The slo pe of the line is cal c ulated a c cord ing to equatio n belo w :


# ∑ ∑

= =



### − − −

= n
1 i 2 i n
1 i i i 1 

### ) x x ( ) y y )( x x ( b (Equa tion 13 )

The linea r correlation coeffi cient is cal c ul ated acco rdin g to the following e quatio n.



# ∑ ∑

∑

= = =



### − − ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

− −

= n
i i n
i i n
i i i 

### y y x x y y x x r

1 2 1 2 2

1 2 

### ) ( ) ( ) )( ( (Equa tion 14 )

4.2.8.1 D y namic Spiking Corrected Values a). If the HCl CEMS fails to meet both the slope a nd in tercept criteria, the followi ng co rre ction factor mu st be appli ed to the one-minut e averag e HCl data:

1 0 

### b b y C i

C 

### −

= (Equa tion 15 )

17Whe r e:

= Corre c ted CEMS HCL con c entration C 

### C
y

i = CEMS rep o rt ed HCL con c entration b 0 = the intercept of the l east squares lin ear reg r e ssi on lin e b 1 = the slop e of the lea s t squ a r es lin ea r reg r essio n line

b). If the HCl CEMS fai l s to meet t he slop e crit er ia, but me ets the inte rcept criteria, the follo win g corre c tion fa ctor must be a pplied to the one-minute a v erage HCl d a ta:

1 

### b y C i

C 

### = (Equa tion 16 )

c). If the HCl CEMS fails to meet the interce p t crite r ia , but meets the slope crite r ia , the following corre c tion factor mu st b e applie d to the one -min ute averag e HCl data: (Equa tion 17 ) 0 

### b y C i

C



### −

=

185.0 OTHE R REQ U IREMEN TS AN D INFO R M ATIO N
5.1 DATA RE CO RDI NG A N D REPOR T ING In general, all data and re cords a s so ci ated with the HCl CEMS must be retai ned for 5 years. At a minimum, at l east 2 yea r s of data a nd reco rd s mu st be readily av ailable at the site. Th e b a l ance of the records may be retain ed of fsite. HCl CEMS calibratio n d r ift tests an d a u d it re sults sh all be re port e d at inte rvals spe c ified in t he a ppli c able regul ation.
5.2 WHAT POLLUTION PREVENTION P R OCEDURES MUST I FOLLOW? [RES ERVED] 5.3 WH AT REFEREN C E TA B L ES AN D FIGU RES ARE RELEVAN T TO PRO C ED URE D D ? Table 1. Ong o ing Qu ality Assu ra nce/Q uality Control Calibration G a s Rang es Figure 1. Dynamic Spi k in g Overview

19Table 1. Ong o ing Qualit y Assu ranc e/Qualit y Control Calibrati on Gas Ran g es

HCl Calibrati on Gas Con centration s a
T e s t U n i t s Zero-lev e l Mid-Lev e l High-L e v e l Daily Calib rat i on Drift % of Span 0-30 NA 50-1 00 Absolute Cali brat i o n Audit % of Span 0-29 30-4 9 50-1 00
Dynami cSpiking % of Span 0-50 25-7 5 50-1 00

a A copy of th e suppli e r’ s certificate of a nalysi s mu st be provid ed for ea ch ga s cylinder. Calib ration ga se s do not nee d to be Proto c ol 1 gase s
.

20Figure 1. Dynamic Spi k in g Apparatus



### Dy nami c S p i k i ng App a r a t u s

HC L CEM S 9 0 0 - 10 0 0 pp m H C L in N 2 C a lib ra tio n M a n i fo ld ( M ass f l ow m e t e rs ) Sam p l e Pr obe

• He ate d Fi l t er
• P re s s u re C o n t ro l

• Lam i nar F l o w El em ent H e a te d s a m p le lin e

Fl u e G a s

Ga s Co n d it io n e r Refe ren c e Measu re m e n t ( s ) Heat ed l i n e i n si d e s a m p l e u m b illic a l

216.0 RELEVA NT REFERE NC ES
I. Perform a n c e Spe c ificatio n Z: Spe c ificatio n s a n d Te st P r o c edures for Hydro c hl ori cAcid Contin uou s Emissi on Mo nitoring System s at Stationary Source s. 2005.

22