J-S07036-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

MELVIN KING 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

No. 866 EDA 2020

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered February 14, 2020

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0008683-2014

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., KUNSELMAN, J., and KING, J.

MEMORANDUM BY KING, J.: FILED JUNE 26, 2023

Appellant, Melvin King, appeals from the judgment of sentence entered 

in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, following revocation of his 

probation. We affirm. 

The trial court opinion set forth the relevant facts and procedural history 

of this case as follows: 

In 2015, Appellant was found guilty by the [the trial court]

of two violations of the Controlled Substance, Drug, Device, 

and Cosmetic Act [at No. 8683-2014]. Appellant was 

sentenced to twenty-one to forty-two months’ confinement, 

with three years of probation to follow[, with credit for time 

served]. In 2018, [while serving the probationary portion 

of his sentence,] Appellant was charged [at No. 3697-2018] 

with three violations of the Uniform Firearms Act and two 

violations of the Crimes Code in relation to his involvement 

in a gunfight in Philadelphia. Because [the original jurist]

was no longer sitting in the Criminal Section of the Trial 

Division at that time, Appellant’s matter was assigned to [a

new jurist]. In 2019, Appellant proceeded to trial and was 

found guilty by a jury of one violation of the Uniform 
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Firearms Act.... 

After considering Appellant’s presentence [investigation]

report [(“PSI”)], Appellant’s mental health report, 

submissions by the Commonwealth and Appellant, 

Appellant’s prior record score, the sentencing guidelines, 

and the purposes of the sentencing code, [the court]

sentenced Appellant to six to twelve years’ confinement [at 

No. 3697-2018]. Based on this new conviction, [the c]ourt 

also found Appellant in direct violation of his probation and 

accordingly revoked Appellant’s probation [at No. 8683-

2014]. [The c]ourt then resentenced Appellant to two-anda-half to five years’ confinement, to be served concurrently 

with the sentence imposed for Appellant’s new conviction.

(Trial Court Opinion, filed 11/2/21, at 1-2). Appellant did not file postsentence motions at No. 8683-2014. 

Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal from the revocation sentence at 

No. 8683-2014 on March 6, 2020. On March 10, 2020, the court ordered 

Appellant to file a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) statement of errors complained on of 

appeal, and Appellant subsequently complied. 

On appeal, Appellant raises the following issues for our review: 

Whether the sentencing court abused its discretion by

imposing a sentence after a probation violation that was not 

based upon the gravity of the violation, the extent of

Appellant’s record, his prospect of rehabilitation, nor an

assessment of the mitigating and aggravating factors as 

noted in 42 Pa.C.S. Section 9721 of the Sentencing Code.

Whether the evidence was insufficient as a matter of law to 

make a determination that Appellant was in direct violation 

of the terms and conditions of his probation when the 

Commonwealth failed to establish the specific conditions of 

probation during the revocation hearing and the initial 

sentencing court did not advise Appellant of all the 

conditions of his probation at the initial sentencing hearing. 
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(Appellant’s Brief at 7). 

In his first issue, Appellant argues the court abused its discretion in 

imposing an unreasonable sentence following revocation. Appellant avers the 

court ignored mitigating factors from the Sentencing Code, such as his

personal characteristics, the extent of his prior record, the gravity of the

offense in relation to the community, and Appellant’s rehabilitative needs. 

Appellant concludes this Court should vacate the judgment of sentence or 

remand for resentencing. As presented, Appellant’s first claim challenges the 

discretionary aspects of sentencing. See Commonwealth v. Lutes, 793 

A.2d 949 (Pa.Super. 2002) (stating claim that sentence is manifestly 

excessive challenges discretionary aspects of sentencing); Commonwealth 

v. Cruz-Centeno, 668 A.2d 536 (Pa.Super. 1995), appeal denied, 544 Pa. 

653, 676 A.2d 1195 (1996) (explaining claim that court did not consider 

mitigating factors challenges discretionary aspects of sentencing). 

“Challenges to the discretionary aspects of sentencing do not entitle an 

appellant to an appeal as of right.” Commonwealth v. Phillips, 946 A.2d 

103, 112 (Pa.Super. 2008), cert. denied, 556 U.S. 1264, 129 S.Ct. 2450, 174 

L.Ed.2d 240 (2009). Prior to reaching the merits of a discretionary aspect of 

sentencing issue: 

We conduct a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether 

appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 

902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved 

at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify 

sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s 

brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether 
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there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed 

from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42 

Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b). 

Commonwealth v. Griffin, 65 A.3d 932, 935 (Pa.Super. 2013), appeal 

denied, 621 Pa. 682, 76 A.3d 538 (2013) (quoting Commonwealth v. Evans, 

901 A.2d 528, 533 (Pa.Super. 2006), appeal denied, 589 Pa. 727, 909 A.2d 

303 (2006)). Generally, objections to the discretionary aspects of a sentence 

are waived if they are not raised at the sentencing hearing or in a motion to 

modify the sentence imposed at that hearing. Commonwealth v. Mann, 

820 A.2d 788, 794 (Pa.Super. 2003), appeal denied, 574 Pa. 759, 831 A.2d 

599 (2003). 

Instantly, Appellant did not challenge the discretionary aspects of his 

sentence at the time of sentencing or in a post-sentence motion.1 Therefore, 

Appellant’s first issue is waived. See id. Moreover, even if Appellant had 

preserved a discretionary aspects challenge, it would not merit relief. 

“Revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed to the sound 

discretion of the trial court and that court’s decision will not be disturbed on 

appeal in the absence of an error of law or an abuse of discretion.” 

Commonwealth v. Colon, 102 A.3d 1033, 1041 (Pa.Super. 2014). A 

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1 We note Appellant did file a post-sentence motion on February 18, 2020, 

wherein he challenged the weight of the evidence supporting his convictions 

at No. 3697-2018. The post-sentence motion did not include any challenge 

to the new revocation sentence imposed at No. 8683-2014, and the court 

denied the motion on February 25, 2020. 
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sentence should not be disturbed where it is evident the court was aware of 

the appropriate sentencing considerations and weighed them in a meaningful 

fashion. Commonwealth v. Fish, 752 A.2d 921, 923 (Pa.Super. 2000). 

“[U]pon sentencing following a revocation of probation, the trial court is 

limited only by the maximum sentence that it could have imposed originally 

at the time of the probationary sentence.” Commonwealth v. Coolbaugh, 

770 A.2d 788, 792 (Pa.Super. 2001). A court can sentence a defendant to 

total confinement after revoking probation if the defendant was convicted of 

another crime, the defendant’s conduct indicates it is likely that he will commit 

another crime if he is not imprisoned, or such a sentence is essential to 

vindicate the court’s authority. Commonwealth v. Crump, 995 A.2d 1280 

(Pa.Super. 2010), appeal denied, 608 Pa. 661, 13 A.3d 475 (2010). If the 

sentencing court has the benefit of a PSI report, the law presumes the court 

was aware of the relevant information regarding the defendant’s character 

and weighed those considerations along with any mitigating factors. 

Commonwealth v. Tirado, 870 A.2d 362, 368 (Pa.Super. 2005). 

A [PSI] report constitutes the record and speaks for itself. 

In order to dispel any lingering doubt as to our intention of 

engaging in an effort of legal purification, we state clearly 

that [sentencing courts] are under no compulsion to employ 

checklists or any extended or systematic definitions of their 

punishment procedure. Having been fully informed by the 

[PSI] report, the sentencing court’s discretion should not be 

disturbed. This is particularly true, we repeat, in those 

circumstances where it can be demonstrated that the judge 

had any degree of awareness of the sentencing 

considerations, and there we will presume also that the 

weighing process took place in a meaningful fashion. 
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Commonwealth v. Devers, 519 Pa. 88, 102, 546 A.2d 12, 18 (1988). 

Instantly, Appellant addressed the court at the revocation hearing. 

Appellant took responsibility for his possession of the firearm, and he

explained that he “felt the need for protection in the type of neighborhood 

that I lived in.” (See N.T. Revocation Hearing, 2/14/20, at 13). Despite 

Appellant’s statement, the court revoked probation, imposed a new sentence,

and emphasized:

I have considered the [PSI report], the mental health report, 

the submissions by the Commonwealth and defense, prior 

record score report, sentencing guidelines, purposes of the 

sentencing code. 

[Appellant], there are several issues here. One is that 

basically you’ve been dealing drugs, it looks like 

consistently, since 1998 as an adult. Before that, as a 

juvenile since 1994. It’s been like a business it looks like. 

In and out of juvenile facilities. As an adult, you have 19 

arrests, 15 convictions, 20 commitments. In the county 

prison, state prison, violations, but it’s all for drug dealing. 

* * *

I don’t think you ever stopped drug dealing from what I can 

tell because the most recent arrest for drug dealing was 

January 20th of 2018 and that was when [another jurist] 

imposed a sentence of 9 to 23 months of incarceration. This 

incident then happened, it looks like, on April 29th of 2018, 

which I think was an incident that happened just five months 

after the January arrest. I don’t know what’s going on, but 

people tell me drugs is not a violent crime, it’s a nonviolent 

crime. It’s not. It leads to shootings. I don’t know why 

people are shooting at you and you were shooting at people, 

but, considering everything else in this case, I don’t think 

that the guidelines of 72 to 90 in terms of the—should be 

eight or nine years, but there is a major problem. You’ve 

been dealing drugs most of your life. I don’t know what else 
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to say. A shooting on the street like this, I saw the video, 

as did the jury many times. I think you should get all the 

necessary medical treatment. That has nothing to do with 

where you’re at in terms of—and I will send an email to the 

state prison people detailing the medical condition,

[2]

the 

medications you’re taking and other things, and ma[k]e 

sure that they have that. 

(Id. at 14-16). Thereafter, the court revoked probation and resentenced 

Appellant to two and one-half (21⁄2) to five (5) years of imprisonment at No. 

8683-2014. 

In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the court elaborated on the reasoning for 

Appellant’s new sentence: 

[The] court followed the fundamental norms of the 

sentencing process and appropriately sentenced Appellant 

after revoking his probation. Prior to sentencing Appellant 

on both his firearm conviction and violation of probation in 

this case, [the] court reviewed Appellant’s [PSI] report, his 

mental health evaluation, the Commonwealth’s sentencing 

memorandum, submissions from Appellant’s family, 

Appellant’s prior record score, the sentencing guidelines 

form required by the Pennsylvania Commission on 

Sentencing, and finally, the stated purposes of the 

Sentencing Code. The record therefore reflects [the] court’s 

careful consideration of the facts of Appellant’s crime and 

character. [The] court expressed concerns about 

Appellant’s extensive prior record, noting that Appellant had 

previously been arrested nineteen times, convicted fifteen 

times, violated probation or parole nineteen times, and 

committed to prison twenty times, including for violations of 

probation or parole. 

* * *

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2 Earlier in the hearing, Appellant explained that he suffered from “nonischemic cardiomyopathy,” and he received a pacemaker for this condition. 

(N.T. Revocation Hearing at 13). 
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A sentence of total confinement was both appropriate and 

permissible, as his conviction in this case was punishable by 

total confinement, and Appellant had been convicted of 

another crime. Appellant’s new sentence of total 

confinement was additionally far less than the maximum 

sentence that could have been imposed at the time of 

Appellant’s probationary sentence. Appellant’s [possession 

with the intent to deliver] conviction alone carried a 

maximum sentence of twenty years, a fact Appellant 

acknowledged when he signed the jury waiver colloquy 

form. Moreover, because the new sentence of total 

confinement was imposed concurrently, Appellant will be 

able to complete this sentence at the same time he serves 

the sentence ordered in his 2019 firearm conviction. 

(Trial Court Opinion at 19-20) (some capitalization omitted). 

Here, the record makes clear that the court adequately considered the 

general principles of sentencing, as well as the PSI report. The presence of a 

PSI report allows us to presume that the court was aware of Appellant’s 

character and mitigating factors, and the court’s discretion while using a PSI

report should not be disturbed. See Devers, supra; Tirado, supra. Under 

these circumstances, we cannot fault the court for determining that 

Appellant’s new arrest and conviction while on probation weighed in favor of 

the new sentence of incarceration. See Colon, supra. 

In his second issue, Appellant asserts that the revocation court did not 

hear evidence on the probation violation and did not allow Appellant to defend 

against the violation. Appellant alleges “there is no evidence on the record to 

support and sustain the conviction for the violation and the resulting judgment 

of sentence.” (Appellant’s Brief at 15). Appellant concludes that this Court 

should vacate his judgment of sentence or remand for resentencing. We 
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disagree. 

The following principles apply to our review of a probation revocation: 

When assessing whether to revoke probation, the trial court 

must balance the interests of society in preventing future 

criminal conduct by the defendant against the possibility of 

rehabilitating the defendant outside of prison. In order to 

uphold a revocation of probation, the Commonwealth must 

show by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant 

violated his probation. 

Colon, supra at 1041 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted). “[A]

court may find a defendant in violation of probation only if the defendant has

violated one of the ‘specific conditions’ of probation included in the probation 

order or has committed a new crime.” Commonwealth v. Foster, 654 Pa. 

266, 282, 214 A.3d 1240, 1250 (2019) (emphasis added). “Revocation and 

resentencing are warranted if, in the face of a new criminal act or the violation 

of a condition of probation, the court finds that probation is no longer 

achieving its desired aims of rehabilitation and deterring criminal activity.” 

Id. at 284, 214 A.3d at 1251. 

Instantly, while on probation for the offense at No. 8683-2014,

Appellant committed a new offense. The Commonwealth charged Appellant 

with the new offense at No. 3697-2018, and a jury found him guilty of violating 

the Uniform Firearms Act. This conviction alone warranted the revocation of 

Appellant’s probation. See id. Consequently, the record supports the court’s

determination that Appellant violated his probation based on his conviction for 

a new crime. See Colon, supra. 
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To the extent Appellant also claims that he did not have an opportunity 

to raise any defense, we note that the court conducted revocation proceedings 

immediately after imposing the sentence for Appellant’s firearms conviction at 

No. 3697-2018. At that time, defense counsel reminded the court that it still 

needed to address the probation violation at No. 8683-2014. (See N.T. 

Revocation Hearing at 17). At that point, Appellant could have attempted to 

provide some type of defense, but he did not. Thus, the court imposed the 

new sentence at No. 8683-2014, and Appellant indicated that he understood 

the sentence imposed. (Id.) On this record, Appellant is not entitled to relief 

on his second claim. Accordingly, we affirm. 

Judgment of sentence affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 6/26/2023