# Appendix B:



# Graphics Freshwater Use by U.S. Power Plants:

Electricity’s Thirst for a Precious Resource

Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 1: Freshwater intensity of power

Consumption Withdrawal

Min Min

Max Max (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using minimum and maximum NREL values)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 2: Power Generation by Fuel

1%

49%

0% 6% 21% 20% 2% 0% 1% 

# Total Generation by Fuel Biomass

Coal

Geothermal

Hydropower

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Oil

Solar



## Wind 1%

59%

0% 18% 21% 1% 0% 

## Total Generation by Fuel that Uses

Freshwater (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 3: Water withdrawn and consumed by fuels

Biomass

0%

Coal

67%

Geothermal

0% Natural Gas

4% Nuclear

27% Oil

2% Solar

0%

Wind

0% Hydropower

0% 

## Fresh Water Withdrawal by Fuel

Biomass

1%

Coal

65%

Geothermal

0% Natural Gas

9% Nuclear

24% Oil

1% Solar

0% Wind

0% 

## Fresh Water Consumed by Fuel (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 4: Water Withdrawals in the US

(2005 data, source: USGS 2009)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 5: Water Consumption in the US

(1995 data, source: USGS 1998)

Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011



# irrigation



# 81% drinking water

7% 

## industrial

4% 

# thermoelectric

3% other

5% ( Total freshwater consumption = 99,962 MGD)

# Table 1: Once

- through cooling systems

Cooling Type Generation ( MWh ) Number of

Generators Percent of Total

Generation

East of the Mississippi 2,222,163,874 1,911



### Cooling Pond 254,301,157 117 7%

Dry Cooled 36,679,706 63 1%

Once

- Through 940,452,713 851 26%

Recirculating 990,730,297 880 27%

West of the Mississippi 1,386,527,385 1,838

Cooling Pond 206,724,049 115 6%

Dry Cooled 48,696,308 73 1%

Once

- Through 263,443,981 289 7%

Recirculating 867,663,047 1,361 24%

Grand Total 3,608,691,259 3,749 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 6: Water Used by Fuel

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Billions of gallons annually 

# Fresh Water Withdrawn by Fuel Type

Hydropower

Wind

Solar

Oil

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Geothermal

Coal

Biomass

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

B illions of gallons annually 

## Fresh Water Consumed by Fuel Type (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Calculated Reported 

# Figure 7: Total Withdrawals, by basin and state

(2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL median values)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 8 : Total Consumption, by basin and state

(2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL median values)



# Reported Calculated

Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 2: Water withdrawal intensity of power by state

Withdrawal Intensity in gallons/kWh

STATE Total # of

Power

Plants Biomass Coal Geo

thermal Natural

Gas Nuclear Oil Solar Wind Hydro

electric TOTAL

withdrawal

intensity

VT 52

--- --- --- --- 44.35 0.00

--- 0 0.00 33.9

NE 72 0 31.35

--- 1.44 44.35 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 33.5

VA 101 9.06 19.38

--- 3.54 44.35 10.95

--- --- 0.00 26.9

MO 81 0 32.85

--- 0.63 1.101 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 26.7

MI 157 0.41 33.17

--- 4.12 22.08 0.27

--- 0.00 0.00 26.5

NC 105 28.22 23.72

--- 0.04 35.85 0.00 0.026

--- 0.00 26.3

SC 69 12.38 11.97

--- 2.51 35.33 4.09

--- --- 0.00 23.8

WI 154 23.7 20.87

--- 4.67 44.35 24.60

--- 0.00 0.00 23.4

TN 53 0.80 36.35

--- 0.00 1.10 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 23.2

AL 58 5.67 21.87

--- 0.25 28.74 1.17

--- --- 0.00 19.4

OH 97 23.28 19.90

--- 0.38 1.10 34.55

--- 0.00 0.00 17.5

IN 68 0.00 17.47

--- 11.33

--- 1.23

--- 0.00 0.00 17.1

IA 124 0.00 21.32

--- 1.55 1.10 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 16.5

IL 144 0.00 22.14

--- 0.33 11.42 0.22

--- 0.00 0.00 16.2

DE 12 0.00 20.07

--- 0.26

--- 11.65

--- --- --- 15.5

MN 196 7.08 12.75

--- 4.10 28.12 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 14.9

NY 255 0.57 34.04

--- 2.44 23.25 26.45

--- 0.00 0.00 14.4

MD 29 0.42 23.86

--- 10.56 0.00 3.62

--- --- 0.00 14.4

LA 48 15.37 8.73

--- 8.45 26.53 6.41

--- --- 0.00 11.7

KY 40 0.67 10.19

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- --- 0.00 9.8

ND 25

--- 10.81

--- --- --- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 9.8

PA 131 0.56 9.98

--- 0.23 11.29 9.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 9.5

WV 33

--- 7.26

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 7.1

KS 79

--- 7.35

--- 0.88 7.05 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 6.7

NH 51 16.80 36.35

--- 0.25 0.00 27.20

--- 0.00 0.00 6.5

SD 17

--- 11.86

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 6.2 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 2 ( ctd ) : Water withdrawal intensity of power by state

Withdrawal Intensity in gallons/kWh

STATE Total # of

Power

Plants Biomass Coal Geo

thermal Natural

Gas Nuclear Oil Solar Wind Hydro

electric TOTAL

withdrawal

intensity

MS 32 0.28 8.55

--- 5.22 1.10 0.00

--- --- --- 5.5

GA 83 12.16 7.78

--- 0.26 1.10 1.22

--- --- 0.00 5.4

TX 276 0.63 10.26

--- 1.88 7.05 0.56

--- 0.00 0.00 5.4

NM 31 0.00 7.08

--- 0.53

--- --- --- 0.00 0.00 5.4

NJ 54 0.00 22.20

--- 0.40 0.94 0.09 0.03 0.00 0.00 4.0

FL 77 0.69 1.44

--- 3.60 0.00 15.40

--- --- 0.00 3.8

ME 66 17.65 1.01

--- 2.86

--- 34.65

--- 0.00 0.00 3.7

WY 43

--- 3.53

--- 0.00

--- 0.12

--- 0.00 0.00 3.3

AK 83

--- 23.60

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 2.5

AR 42 30.86 2.56

--- 1.72 1.10 0.00

--- --- 0.00 2.3

RI 10 0.00

--- --- 2.35

--- 0.47

--- --- 0.00 2.3

OK 55

--- 3.37

--- 1.50

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 2.3

MT 33

--- 3.62

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 2.3

CT 34 0.83 12.60

--- 0.10 0.00 10.35

--- --- 0.00 2.1

MA 69 0.13 5.57

--- 0.67 0.00 1.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.8

CO 95 0.00 2.44

--- 0.18

--- 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.6

DC 2

--- --- --- --- --- 1.03

--- --- --- 1.0

AZ 46 0.71 1.70

--- 0.26 1.10 0.00 0.04

--- 0.00 1.0

OR 88 0.45 12.23

--- 0.25

--- --- --- 0.00 0.00 0.9

UT 56 0.00 1.01 0.09 0.15

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.8

NV 39

--- 1.01 0.16 0.78

--- 0.00 0.05

--- 0.00 0.8

CA 630 0.52 4.39 0.85 0.28 0.00 0.49 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.3

HI 27 0.88 1.01 0.27

--- --- 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.2

WA 93 0.61

--- --- 0.21 1.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.1

ID 80 0.88 1.01 0.27 0.22

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.1 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 3: Water consumption intensity of power by state

Water Consumption Intensity in gallons/kWh

STATE Number

of Plants Biomass Coal Geo

thermal Natural

Gas Nuclear Oil Solar Wind Hydro

electric TOTAL

CONSUMPTIVE

INTENSITY

AK 83

--- 0.41

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.04

AL 58 0.52 0.43

--- 0.19 0.41 0.80

--- --- 0.00 0.37

AR 42 0.31 0.67

--- 0.20 0.67 0.00

--- --- 0.00 0.53

AZ 46 0.45 0.68

--- 0.20 0.67 0.00 0.04

--- 0.00 0.48

CA 630 0.33 0.65 0.85 0.12 0.00 0.34 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.15

CO 95 0.00 0.67

--- 0.14

--- 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.47

CT 34 0.53 0.09

--- 0.08 0.00 0.13

--- --- 0.00 0.04

DC 2

--- --- --- --- --- 0.71

--- --- --- 0.71

DE 12 0.00 0.45

--- 0.20

--- 0.08

--- --- --- 0.36

FL 77 0.43 0.40

--- 0.13 0.00 0.16

--- --- 0.00 0.21

GA 83 0.46 0.60

--- 0.19 0.67 0.78

--- --- 0.00 0.57

HI 27 0.55 0.69 0.27

--- --- 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.16

IA 124 0.00 0.44

--- 0.20 0.67 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.41

ID 80 0.55 0.69 0.27 0.17

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.05

IL 144 0.00 0.42

--- 0.10 0.57 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.48

IN 68 0.00 0.48

--- 0.28

--- 0.81

--- 0.00 0.00 0.47

KS 79

--- 0.61

--- 0.60 0.61 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.58

KY 40 0.43 0.57

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- --- 0.00 0.56

LA 48 0.45 0.59

--- 0.19 0.44 0.74

--- --- 0.00 0.36

MA 69 0.08 0.04

--- 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.05

MD 29 0.26 0.40

--- 0.13 0.00 0.56

--- --- 0.00 0.25

ME 66 0.43 0.69

--- 0.13

--- 0.24

--- 0.00 0.00 0.14

MI 157 0.26 0.25

--- 0.21 0.48 0.19

--- 0.00 0.00 0.30

MN 196 0.50 0.54

--- 0.14 0.42 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.44

MO 81 0.00 0.29

--- 0.15 0.67 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.32

MS 32 0.18 0.59

--- 0.19 0.67 0.00

--- --- --- 0.43

MT 33

--- 0.65

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.41 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)

Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 3 ( ctd ): Water consumption intensity of power by state

Water Consumption Intensity in gallons/kWh

STATE Number

of Plants Biomass Coal Geo

thermal Natural

Gas Nuclear Oil Solar Wind Hydro

electric TOTAL

CONSUMPTIVE

INTENSITY

NC 105 0.28 0.41

--- 0.03 0.35 0.00 0.03

--- 0.00 0.36

ND 25

--- 0.57

--- --- --- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.51

NE 72 0.00 0.31

--- 0.13 0.27 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.29

NH 51 0.37 0.25

--- 0.20 0.00 0.19

--- 0.00 0.00 0.11

NJ 54 0.00 0.28

--- 0.11 0.57 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.37

NM 31 0.00 0.61

--- 0.38

--- --- --- 0.00 0.00 0.53

NV 39

--- 0.69 0.16 0.04

--- 0.00 0.05

--- 0.00 0.20

NY 255 0.36 0.28

--- 0.07 0.47 0.23

--- 0.00 0.00 0.22

OH 97 0.20 0.45

--- 0.19 0.67 0.24

--- 0.00 0.00 0.47

OK 55

--- 0.66

--- 0.30

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.45

OR 88 0.28 0.55

--- 0.19

--- --- --- 0.00 0.00 0.10

PA 131 0.35 0.58

--- 0.18 0.58 0.62 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.53

RI 10 0.00

--- --- 0.14

--- 0.33

--- --- 0.00 0.14

SC 69 0.41 0.55

--- 0.08 0.35 0.03

--- --- 0.00 0.42

SD 17

--- 0.55

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.29

TN 53 0.51 0.25

--- 0.00 0.67 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.36

TX 276 0.40 0.57

--- 0.19 0.61 0.39

--- 0.00 0.00 0.37

UT 56 0.00 0.69 0.09 0.12

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.58

VA 101 0.44 0.46

--- 0.09 0.27 0.31

--- --- 0.00 0.34

VT 52

--- --- --- --- 0.27 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.21

WA 93 0.38

--- --- 0.16 0.67 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.09

WI 154 0.20 0.41

--- 0.14 0.27 0.17

--- 0.00 0.00 0.34

WV 33

--- 0.60

--- 0.00

--- 0.00

--- 0.00 0.00 0.59

WY 43

--- 0.57

--- 0.00

--- 0.09

--- 0.00 0.00 0.54 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 4: “Power

- Full” Water Resources

The 15 water resources that generate the most electricity in the U.S. ( S pecific water sources are not reported by some

plants, representing approximately 12% of water

- cooled power generation.)

Generation

( MWh ) CALCULATED

WITHDRAWAL

(millions gallons) CALCULATED

CONSUMPTION

(millions gallons) withdrawal

intensity consumption

intensity

Ohio River 269,084,675 4,016,481 137,679 14.9 0.51

Mississippi River 99,195,439 2,905,548 30,816 29.3 0.31

Lake Michigan 80,882,904 2,388,377 28,239 29.5 0.35

Missouri River 67,641,962 2,424,429 18,366 35.8 0.27

Susquehanna River 67,031,097 1,334,224 32,950 19.9 0.49

Lake Erie 49,616,748 863,129 23,641 17.4 0.48

Delaware River 48,103,614 303,920 23,549 6.3 0.49

Chattahoochee River 46,479,640 61,421 26,726 1.3 0.58

Pacific Ocean 44,775,583 1,790,550 11,212 40.0 0.25

Green River 43,788,364 78,014 29,662 1.8 0.68

Lake Ontario 31,910,341 435,938 17,195 13.7 0.54

Lake Norman 29,895,076 1,223,246 7,798 40.9 0.26

Atlantic Ocean 28,979,285 1,285,231 7,795 44.4 0.27

Arkansas River 28,319,380 150,853 18,140 5.3 0.64

Colorado River 26,871,845 166,958 13,777 6.2 0.51 (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Figure 9 : Reporting Gaps

– Calculated vs. Reported

(2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL median values)



# Withdrawal Consumption

Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Total Water Withdrawals



# Figure 10: Reporting Gaps, % of calculated

(2008 data; calculated from EW3

database) 

# Total Water Consumption (2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL median values)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Withdrawal

Max Min 

# Figure 11: Range of Reporting Gaps, % of calculated

(2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL minimum and maximum values)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011 

## Max Min 

# Consumption

## Min

Max Max Min 

# Withdrawal Consumption 

# Figure 12: Range of Reporting Gaps, % of calculated

(2008 data; calculated from EW3 database using NREL minimum and maximum values)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011

# Table 5: Comparison of plant reported data with calculations:

Upper Colorado River Basin

Power Plant

Name EIA REPORTED

CONSUMPTION

(millions gallons) RECLAMATION

REPORTED

CONSUMPTION

( millions gallons) Calculated Min

(millions gallons) CALCULATED

CONSUMPTION

(millions gallons) Calculated Max

(millions gallons)

Bonanza 2,949 1,955 1,793 2,566 4,108

Cameo 0 38 40 101 128

Carbon 920 771 578 828 1,326

Craig 5,025 4,731 4,801 6,871 11,001

Four Corners 5,426 7,520 4,405 8,003 10,279

Hayden 920 952 1,643 2,351 3,765

Hunter 6,346 5,379 4,919 7,040 11,272

Huntington 4,506 3,315 3,432 4,911 7,864

Jim Bridger 8,516 8,732 7,346 10,513 16,834

Naughton 3,609 3,538 2,455 3,513 5,625

Navajo 8,917 8,581 8,411 12,038 19,275

Nucla 0 485 333 476 762

San Juan 7,832 7,623 5,122 7,331 11,739

Grand Total 54,966 53,620 45,276 66,543 103,977 (2008 EIA data; calculated from EW3 database; Reclamation info: http :// www.usbr.gov/lc/region/programs/crbstudy/Report1/TechRptC.pdf)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011State

( s) Sub

- basin

Name Reported Plant

Name Reported

Plant Fuel

Type Reported

Plant

Capacity

(MW) Reported Plant

Cooling Type Reported Plant

Water Source Sub

basin

WaSSI Sub

- basin

WaSSI

Anomaly

WY Bitter Jim Bridger Coal 2,318 Recirculating Green River 2.18 0.85 Simplot Phosphates Oil 12 Recirculating Municipality

IA Monona

Harrison Ditch George Neal North Coal 1,046 Once

- through Missouri River 0.78 0.72

George Neal South Coal 640 Once

- through Missouri River

TX Lake O' the

Pines Lone Star Natural gas 40 Once

- through Ellison Creek Reserv

0.87 0.72

Monticello Coal 1,980 Once

- through Monticello Reservoir

Welsh Coal 1,674 Recirculating Swauano Creek Reserv

Wilkes Natural gas 882 Recirculating Johnson Creek Reserv

NC/SC Upper Catawba Catawba Nuclear 2,410 Once

- through Lake Wylie

0.75 0.69 Marshall Coal 1,996 Once

- through Lake Norman

McGuire Nuclear 2,441 Once

- through Lake Norman

Riverbend Coal 466 Once

- through Catawba River

ND Knife Antelope Valley Coal 870 Recirculating Lake Sakakawea

0.84 0.68 Coal Creek Coal 1,210 Recirculating River

Stanton Coal 190 Once

- through River

MI Black

- Macatawa J H Campbell Coal, oil 1,605 Once

- through, none Lake Michigan

0.79 0.67 James De Young Coal 63 Once

- through Lake Macatawa

New Covert

Generating Facility Natural gas 1,176 Recirculating Lake Michigan

Palisades Nuclear 812 Recirculating Lake Michigan

MO Little Chariton Thomas Hill Coal 1,135 Once

- through Thomas Hill Lake 0.67 0.66

MI/OH Ottawa

- Stony Fermi Nuclear, oil 1,281 Recirculating, none Lake Erie

0.89 0.60 J R Whiting Coal, oil 364 Once

- through, none Lake Erie

Monroe Coal 3,280 Once

- Though Raisin River

NC/SC Seneca Oconee Nuclear 2,667 Once

- through Keowee River 0.71 0.60

NC/VA Upper Dan Belews Creek Coal 2,160 Once

- through Belews Lake

0.63 0.59 Dan River Coal 290 Once

- through Dan River

Roxboro Coal 2,558 Cooling pond Hyco Lake (Hyco River)

VA Pamunkey North Anna Hydro, nuclear 1,960 None, once

- through North Anna River 0.59 0.56 West Point Mill Biomass 101 Recirculating Wells

TN Emory Kingston Coal 1,700 Once

- through Clinch And Emory Rivers 0.55 0.54 

# Table 6: Top 25 Watersheds by WaSSI Anomaly

(calculated from EW3 database; see Appendix A)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011State

(s) Sub

- basin

Name Reported Plant Name Reported

Plant Fuel

Type Reporte

d Plant

Capacity

(MW) Reported Plant Cooling

Type Reported Plant

Water Source Sub

basin

WaSSI Sub

- basin

WaSSI

Anomaly

MS/TN Horn Lake

Nonconnah Allen Steam Plant Coal 990 Once

- through Mississippi River 0.72 0.52

TVA Southaven Combined Cycle Natural gas 904 Recirculating Wells

NC/SC South Fork

Catawba G G Allen Coal 1,155 Once

- through Lake Wylie 0.61 0.52

SC Cooper Cogen South Coal 99 Once

- through Edisto River

0.61 0.50 Cross Coal 2,390 Recirculating Diversion Canal

Jefferies Coal, hydro, oil 578 Recirc

, none, once

- through Lake Moultrie/Tail

Race Canal

Williams Coal, natural gas 687 Once

- through, none Back River Reservoir

WI Trempealeau Alma Coal 181 Once

- through Mississippi River 0.51 0.48 John P Madgett Coal 387 Once

- through Mississippi River

MI St. Clair Belle River Coal, nat. gas, oil 1,664 Once

- through, none St. Clair River

0.58 0.47 Cargill Salt Coal 2 Once

- through Saint Clair River

Greenwood Natural gas 1,071 Cooling pond, none Cooling Pond

St Clair Coal 1,547 Once

- through St Clair River

MO Cuivre Sioux Coal 1,099 Once

- through Mississippi River 0.50 0.47

MO Meramec Labadie Coal 2,389 Once

- through Missouri River 0.49 0.44

NY Irondequoit

Ninemile Oswego Harbor Power Oil 1,804 Once

- through Lake Ontario

0.50 0.44

R. E. Ginna Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear 614 Once

- through Lake Ontario

Sithe Independence Station Natural Gas 1,086 Recirculating Municipality

IN Muscatatuck Clifty Creek Coal 1,303 Once

- through Ohio River 0.44 0.43

AZ/NM Carrizo Wash Coronado Coal 822 Recirculating Other 0.59 0.41

NY Oak Orchard

Twelvemile AES Somerset LLC Coal 655 Once

- through Lake Ontario

0.54 0.41

Lockport Energy Associates LP Natural gas 221 Recirculating Municipality

Rochester 7 Coal 253 Once

- through Lake Ontario

OH Cedar

- Portage Bay Shore Coal, oil 639 Once

- through Lake Erie 0.46 0.37 Davis Besse Nuclear 925 Recirculating Lake Erie

GA Upper Oconee Harllee Branch Coal 1,746 Once

- through Lake Sinclair 0.43 0.36 

# Table 6 ( ctd ): Top 25 Watersheds by WaSSI Anomaly

Notes : 2008 data, based on reporting to EIA, with some data corrected based on other sources. See Appendix A for methodology. Rank e d by WaSSI anomaly. Chart includes only

the power plants that require water for cooling, or whose cooling needs were unspecified. “Sub

- basin name” is the name of the e ight

- digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC

- 8) used by the

U.S Geological Survey. “Reported plant fuel type” and “reported plant cooling type” include multiple entries for plants repor tin g more than one fuel or cooling type. “ WaSSI

anomaly” is the difference between the WaSSI calculated with and without power plant water use included. The WaSSI is calculated using USGS water demand data in combination

with our calculations of power plant water use based on reported generation for 2008, the median NREL coefficients ( Macknick et al. 2011), and reported water source. (calculated from EW3 database; see Appendix A)



### Energy and Water in a Warming World Initiative (EW3), 2011