### Donaldson , Rober t (DEP )

From : Sent : To : Subject : Lesli e H . Witherspoo n [Witherspoon_Leslie_H@solarturbines.com ] Wednesday , Jun e 23 , 200 4 3:0 9 P M Donaldson , Robert (DEP ) Sola rTurbine s Commen t Lette r

Jun e 200 4 SolarMercur

y5 0 Turbine s Comme.. . mission

s Signature .

Pleas e se e attached . A s yo u kno w w e ar e ver yconcerne d wit h t h e proposa l an d it' s impac t o n ou r abilit yt o plac e produc t int o Mass . Ou r newes t turbin e th e Mercur y5 0 i s a t 5 pp mNOx warrant yan d woul d b e unabl e t o mee t th e propose d standar d withou t coge n o r SC R whic h jus t doesn' t see mright . Especiall ysinc e t h e Mercur y5 0 i s a hug e improvemen t ove r averag e Mas s gri d emissions . No t al l D G application s hav e a stea mhos t an d a n SC R woul d kil l mos t project s economically . Pleas e conside r th e level s i n Tabl e 2 fo r ga s turbine s s o tha t th e million s o f dollar s spen t ove r th e las t decad e i n R&D t o achiev e singl e digi t NOx level s ( 5 pp mo n th e Mercur y50 , 9 pp mtarge t o n othe r models ) create s a n opportunit yfo r dry-low-NO x ga s turbine s (withou t SCR/CO ) t o pla yi n D G markets . Thank s Lesli e (Se e attache d file : Jun e 200 4 Sola r Turbine s Commen t Letter.pdf ) (Se e attache d file : Mercur y5 0 Emission s Signatur e Versio n 3.pdf )

1Sola rTurbine s Incorporate d 933 0 Sk yPar k Cour t Sa n Diego , C A 9212 3 Tel : (858)694-161 6 

### Jun e 23 , 200 4
Submitte dElectronicall y To : Bo

b Donaldso

n Massachusett

s Departmen

t o f Environmenta

l Protectio n Burea u o f Wast e Preventio

n Business Complianc

e Divisio n On e Winte r Stree t Boston, M A 0210

8 Robert.Donaldson(a),state.ma.u s From : Sola

r Turbines Incorporate

d Contact : Lesli

e Witherspoo

n 9330 Sk y Par k Cour t MZ : SP3- Q Sa n Diego , CA 92123-539 8 Phone : 858.694.660

9 Fax : 858.694.671 5 witherspoo

n lesli e h@solarturbines.co

m

Sola r Turbines Incorporate

d(Solar ) appreciate

s th e opportunit

y t o commen t o n th e propose d amendment

s t o 31 0 CM R7.0 0 an d31 0 CM R70.00 . Sola r i s amanufacture

r o f industria l ga s turbine s [(1-1 4 M W(1,50 0 t o 20,00 0 hp)] . Solar' s fleet includes ove

r 11,50 0 combustio

n turbine s i n ove

r 9 0 countries . Ou

r domesti c fleet consist s o f approximatel

y 580 0 combustio

n turbines . Fo

r th e pas t 3 0 years , Solar' s industria l ga s turbine s hav e bee n use di n awid e rang e o f powe r generatio n an doi l an dga s applications . Sola r doe s no t suppor t th e propose dregulation revisions . Sola r doe s no t understan dth e motivatio n o f th e agenc y t o mandat e Lowes t Achievabl

e Emissio n Rat e (LAER) levels o

n 1-1 0 M Windustria

l ga s turbine s whe

n federa l Preventio

n o f Significan

t Deterioratio

n (PSD) o r Non
attainmen t revie w i s no t triggered . Th

e DE P shoul dclarif y t o stakeholder

s an dth e public th e nee dfo r prescriptiv

e emissio n limit s (tha

t mandat e ver y expensiv e add-o n control equipment

) rathe r tha n ato p dow n technolog

y revie w fo r smalle r generators . it m m• • 

# Sola r Turbine s A Cmr0H C*mf*»f

Caterpillar : Non-Confidentia l

## Specifi c Comment

s Sola r ha s comment

s an drecommendation

s o n th e followin g propose

dregulatio

n revisions .
• Propose

dNO x an dC O Level s for

Natura l Ga s Fire dGa s Turbines
• Propose

dNO x an dC O Level s fo r

Liqui dFue

l Ga s Turbines
• Propose

dAmmoniaSli

p Leve l
• Propose

dParticulat

e Matte r Categor y
• Natura

l Ga s "Definition "
• Emission

s Credi t fo r Cogeneratio

n
• Certificatio n Concep

t Concern s Propose d NO x an d C O Level s fo rNatura l Ga s Fire d Ga s Turbine s Th e departmen

t i s proposin

g emissio n level s fo r

natura l ga s firedga s turbines a

t 0.1 4 lb/MW-h

r fo r NO x an d0.0 9 lb/MW-h

r fo r CO . Th e propose dlevel s ar e extremel y lo w fo r th e <10M Wsiz e clas s o f turbin e an drepresen t LAERlevel s fo r

NO x an dstricter-than-LAE

Rlevel s fo r

CO . I norde r t o encourag

e th e installation o f

clean , efficient

natura l ga s firedcogeneratio

n system s i n th e <10M Wsiz e class , Sola

r recommend

s tha t th e departmen

t pac e an y require demissio n levels wit hdry-low-emissions (DLE) technolog y developments/advancements . Suc h apolic y wil l encourag e DLEtechnolog

y developmen

t whil e supportin

g th e concep t o f pollutio n preventio

n (vs . abatemen

t technologies) . Any nee

dfo r add-o n control shoul

db e evaluate dan dapplie da s require dvi ath e PS D an dNon-attainmen

t permitting programs . Th e require demissio n level s shoul

dreflec t wha t i s achievabl

e by severa

l manufacturer

s across typica l operatin g an dambien t temperatur

e ranges . Lowe

r emission s level s shoul

donl y b e evaluate do n acase-by-cas

e basis throug

h th e appropriat

e PSD/N A review . Sola r recommend

s tha t th e emissio n level s i n Tabl

e 2 fo r NOx an dC O b e applicabl

e t o natura l ga s firedturbine s a

n tha t Tabl e 3 b e deleted . Proposed NO x leve l fo rCombine d Cycl e Liqui d Fue l Fire d Ga s Turbine s Th e departmen

t i s proposin

g emissio n levels fo r

liqui dfue l firedga

s turbines a

t 0.3 4 lb/MW-h

r fo r NO x an d0.1 8 lb/MW-h

r fo r CO . Th e propose dlevel s ar e extremel y lo w fo r th e <10M Wsiz e clas s o f turbin e an drepresen t stricte r tha n LAERlevel s fo r

NO x an dCO . I norde r t o encourag

e th e installation o f

clean , efficient

natura l ga s firedcogeneratio

n system s i n th e <10M Wsiz e class , Sola

r recommend

s tha t th e departmen

t pac e th e require demissio n level s fo r liqui dfue l wit

hDLEtechnolog

y developments/advancements . Suc h aste p wil l encourag

e DLEtechnolog

y developmen

t while supportin

g th e concep t o f pollutio n preventio

n (vs . abatemen t technologies) . Any nee

dfo r add-o n control shoul

db e evaluate dan dapplie da s require dvi ath e PS D an dNon-attainmen

t permitting programs . Th e require demissio n level s shoul

dreflec t wha t i s achievabl

e by severa

l manufacturer

s across typica l operatin g an dambien t temperatur

e ranges . Lowe

r emission s level s shoul

donl y b e evaluate do n acase-by-cas

e basis throug

h th e appropriat

e PSD/N A review . Caterpillar : Non-Confidentia l Pag e 2 o f 4 Sola r Turbine s Commen

t Lette r

### Becaus e liqui dfue l i n turbine s i s primarily onl y use da s aback-u p fuel , Sola

r recommend

s tha t emissio n level s fo r

liqui dfue l b

e se t a t achievabl e dry-low-emissio

n levels . Propose d Ammoni a Sli p Leve l MADE P i s proposin

g a n ammoni asli p leve l o f 2 ppm . While MADE

P ha s ha dthi s policy fo r severa l years , th e level add

s unnecessar

y complexit

y an dcos t to th e SC Rsystem. Th

e increase d complexit y an dcos t provides littl e o

r n o measurabl

e environmenta

l benefit . A typica

l Bes t Available Control Technolog y (BACT ) leve

l fo r ga s turbine s i s 5-1 0 pp

mammoni

aslip . Proposed Particulate Matte rCategor y Sola r suggest s MADE P remov e th e particulat

e matte r emission s level categor

y fo r ga s turbine s fromth e propose dregulation . Whethe

r o r no t to includ e particulat

e matte r emission s fo r ga s turbines wa

s discusse da t lengt h durin g th e RA Pdistribute

dgeneratio

n mode l rul e developmen

t process . Afte r

muc h discussion, consensu

s wa s reache dtha t regulatin g particulat

e matte r emission s fromga s turbine s i s unnecessary . Th e decisio n wa s base do nman y facts including : natura l ga s fire dga s turbine s hav

e negligible particulat

e emissions , th

e emission

s tha t d o exis t ar e grossl y ove r estimate dby curren

t EP A tes t methods , an

di f aga s turbin e di dno t mee t agive n standar dther e i s nothin

g tha t ca n b e don e t o th e turbin e operatio n o r wit hadd-o n contro l equipmen t t o reduc e measure demissions . Wha t i s th e basis fo r th e propose demissio n level o f 0. 1 lb/MW-hr ? Base

do n emissio n sourc e tes t dat awe'v e seen

, th e propose dvalu e i s no t representativ

e o f wha t smal l industria l ga s turbines ca n achiev e usin g curren t sourc e tes t method s o n liqui dfuel . I nfact , i f MADE P looke da t sourc e tes t result s fromsmal

l ga s turbines i nth

e stat e o n natura

l ga s fue l yo u wouldfin dlevels 3-

4 time s highe r tha n th e propose dliqui dfue l level . Th

e level s tha

t w e hav e see n fromsmal

l turbines o

n liqui dfue l ar

e 4- 7 times th e propose dlevel . 

### Natura l Ga s Definitio

n I nTabl e 3 o f th e Ma y 200 4 draft , th e ter m"Gas " i s used . Pleas

e chang e th e ter mt o "Natura l Gas " a s ther e ar e numerou

s ga s fuel s tha t ca n b e burne di n turbine s tha

t canno t b e use di n conjunctio n wit hDL Eo r add-o n control systems . Fo

r example, gase

s suc h a s landfill/digeste

r mus t us e diffusio n flam

e combustio

n systems . Emission s Credi tfo rCogeneration Sola r suggest s MADE P adop t stea mcredi t methodsimila

r t o th e simplifie dmetho

dTexa s adopte di n thei r distribute dgeneratio

n rulemaking process . Essentiall y wast e hea t i s credite da t 3.41 3 MMBt

u o f wast e hea t pe r MW-hr . Specia

l attentio n shoul db e give n a s t o ho w unit s wil l calculat e wast e hea t (theoretica

l o r actual/instantaneous o

r average ) an dho w an dwhe n complianc e wit ha n outpu t base dstandar dwil l b e achieved . Certificatio n Concep tConcern s Sectio n 31 0 CMR7.26(43)0b)(l) state s that, " A supplie

r o f a n engin e o r turbin e ma y see k t o certif y tha t a n engin e o r turbin e me t th e emissio n limitation... " Sectio

n 31 0 CM R7.26(43)(e

) state s that , "Certificatio n shal

l includ e astatemen

t fromth e manufacture

r tha t th e installe dengin e o r turbin e i s capabl

e o f complyin g wit hth e emissio n limitations . Caterpillar : Non-Confidentia l 

### Pag e 3 of 4 Sola r Turbine s Commen t Lette r

### A s simila r rules hav e bee n develope

di nsevera

l state s ove r th e las t few year s th e sam e "certification " concern

s arise agai

n an dagain . Fo

r example, i norde

r t o mee t th e propose d emissio n levels i n Tabl

e 3 , atypica

l 3-1 5 M Wga

s turbin e woul drequir

e som e combinatio

n o f cogeneratio

n (fired/unfired) , SCR

, an dC O oxidation catalyst . I nsuc h asituatio

n th e turbine , hea

t recover y stea mgenerator

, duc t burners , SCR

, an dCO catalys

t ar e providedb

y severa l vendor s an dassemble

do n site . Therefor

e "certification " i nth

e historica l sense , a s wit hon-roa dengines , wil l no t b e don e vi aafactor

y test. Prio

r t o construction , complianc

e withth e propose dlimit s ca n onl y b e calculate dfo r th e syste mbase do n desig n parameters . Wil l thi s b

e sufficien

t fo r "certification " a

s MADE P envisions ? Fo r th e vas t majorit y o f prim e mover s commerciall

y availabl e today , th e "engin e o r turbine " alon e i s no t capabl e o f complyin g withth e emissio n limitations . Thus , "manufacture r certification " i s irrelevant . Pleas e conside r th e situatio n describe dabov e a s th e Departmen

t develops th

e certificatio n forms mentione di n th e proposal .

Caterpillar : Non-Confidentia l Pag e 4 of 4 Sola r Turbine s Commen

t Letter

# Mercur

y 5 0 Emission

s Signatur

e

Sola r Turbine

s

i

# Content s Pag e INTRODUCTIO N 1 EMISSION S WARRANTIE S - NOx , CO , AN D UH C 1 OTHE R POLLUTAN T EMISSION S ESTIMATE S 1 COL D AMBIEN T EMISSION S ESTIMATE S 2 EMISSION S ESTIMATE S A T <50 % LOA D 2 START-U P EMISSION S 3 SHUTDOW N EMISSION S 4 COMMISSIONIN G EMISSION S 4

Caterpilla ri s a registere d trademar k o f Caterpilla rInc . So/aran d Mercuryar e trademarks o f Sola rTurbine s Incorporated . Specification s subject to chang e withou t notice . Printe d i n U.S.A . © 200 3 Sola rTurbine s Incorporated . Al l rights reserved .

TPES/050 4

# Mercur

y 5 0 Emission

s Signatur

e Lesli e Witherspoo n Environmenta

l Progra mManage

r 

### INTRODUCTIO N Th e Advance d Turbin e System s (ATS ) Progra m wa s initiate d b yth e U.S . Departmen t o f Energ y (DOE ) i n 199 2 t o produc e 21s t centur yga s turbine s - system s tha t ar e mor e efficient , cleaner , an d les s expensiv e t o operat e tha n today' s turbines . A s par t o f th e AT S program , Sola rTurbine s designe d th e Mercury TM 5 0 ga s turbine . Th e Mercur y5 0 ga s turbin e incorporate s man ystate-of-the-ar t combustio n an d material s technologies , resultin g i n a n initia l offerin g a t 460 0 kW , 886 3 Btu/kW-hr , an d 38.5 % efficienc y (IS O conditions) . Th e Mercur y5 0 i s a "recuperate d ga s turbine " an d i s availabl e i n a gas-onl yconfigura tion . Th e Mercur y5 0 incorporate s a n "Ultra-Lea n Premix " (ULP ) combustio n system , whic h produce s a ver yfavorabl e emission s signature . Thi s pape rpresent s th e Mercur y50' s warrantabl e an d expecte d emission s fo rsevera l regulate d pollutant s an d addresse s othe rfrequentl y requeste d ai remission s relate d data . 

### EMISSION S WARRANTIE S - NOx , CO , AND UH C Emissio n warrantie s ar e availabl e fo rnitroge n oxid e (NOx) , carbo n monoxid e (CO) , an d unburne d hydrocarbon s (UHC) . Emissio n warrantie s ar e offere d subjec t t o expres s term s an d conditions . Tabl e 1 summarize s th e lowes t allowabl e emission s warrant yfo rnatura l ga s i n ppm v(typica l U.S . an d Canadia n units ) an d mg/nm 3(typica l Europea n unit) . Emissio n warrantie s ar e onl yoffere d fo rsteady-stat e condi tions , a t ambien t temperature s betwee n O^ F an d 120°F , an d ar e limite d t o 50-to-100 % loa d o n ga s fuel . Th e emission s warrant yexpire s simultane ousl ywit h th e engin e warranty . Th e custome rca n exten d th e warrant yperio d b ypurchasin g a n extende d warrant yo ra servic e progra m tha t include s a n extensio n o f th e emission s warranty . Tabl e 2 convert s th e warrant ylevel s show n i n Tabl e 1 int o frequentl yuse d emissio n units . Table 1. Mercury

50 Warranty

Levels Pollutan t pp m mg/nm 3 NOx 5 1 1 C O 1 0 1 3 UH C 1 0 8 Air , fue l an d wate rpe rE

S 9-98 ppm va t 15 % O2 , dr ybasis , steady-stat

e operatio n Table 2. Mercury

50 Emissions

in Alternate Emissions

Units Emission s NO

x C O UH C pp m 5 1 0 1 0 Ib/h r 0.8 1 0.9 9 0.5 7 tp y 3. 6 4. 3 2. 5 lb/MMBt u 0.02 0 0.02 4 0.01 4 lb/MW-h r (a t gen . terminal ) 0.1 7 0.2 1 0.1 2 g/bhp-h r (turbin e shaft power ) 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 4 Emissio n estimates a

t 59°F , 60 % RH , se

a level , no losses , ful l load , LH

V 

### OTHE RPOLLUTAN T EMISSION S ESTIMATE S Estimate s o f non-warrante d pollutan t emission s includin g particulat e matte r(PM 1 0 ) , sulfu rdioxid e (S0 2 ) , an d volatil e organi c compound s (VOC ) ar e show n i n Tabl e 3 . Formaldehyd e A n emission s warrant yi s no t availabl e fo rformal dehyde . I n orde rt o estimat e to n pe ryea r emission s o f formaldehyd e fo rMaximu m Achievabl e Contro l Technolog y(MACT ) majo r sourc e determinatio n calculations , a n emissio n facto ro f 0.00021 2 lb/MMBt u ca n b e used . Tabl e 4 give s th e EPA' s tota l HA P an d formaldehyd e emissio n
1Table 3. PMIO, S02, and

VOC Emission

Factors Pollutan t Emissio n Factor , lb/MMBt u (HHV ) Emissio n Facto r Referenc e PM1 0 0.041 9 10/9 6 AP-42 , Tabl e 3.1- 1 S0 2 0.003 4 4/0 0 AP-42 , Tabl e 3.1-2 a VO C Us e 10-20 % o f UH C valu e i n Tabl e 2 - - Table 4. EPA's

Total HAP and Formaldehyde

Emission

Factors

for <50 MW Lean-Premix

Gas Turbines

Burning

Natural

Gas Pollutan t Engin e Loa d 95 % Uppe r Confidenc e of Data , lb/MMBt u (HHV

) Mem o Referenc e Tota l HA P > 90 % 0.0025 8 Tabl e 1 9 Tota l HA P Al l 0.0030 5 Tabl e 1 6 Formaldehyd e > 90 % 0.0024 1 Tabl e 1 9 Formaldehyd e Al l 0.0028 8 Tabl e 1 6 Source : Revise d HA P Emissio n Factors fo rStationar yCombustio n Turbines , OAR2002-0060 , IV-B-09,8/22/0 3 factor s fo r<5 0 M W lean-premi xga s turbine s burnin g natura l gas . Tabl e 5 summarize s approximat e to n pe r yea rformaldehyd e emission s fro m th e Mercur y 5 0 base d o n th e 95 % Uppe rConfidenc e o f Dat a emissio n factor s a s show n i n Tabl e 1 an d IS O conditio n fue l flo w data . Table 5. Formaldehyde

Emission

Estimates for Mercury

50 Fue l Input , MMBtu/h r LH V (HHV

) Formaldehyd e Emissio n

Estimate , tpy Fue l Input , MMBtu/h r LH V (HHV

) Al l Load s >90 % Loa d 40. 2 (44.3 ) 0.5 5 0.4 6 Emissio n estimate s a t 59°F , 60 % RH , se a level , n o losses , ful l loa d 

### COL D AMBIEN T EMISSION S ESTIMATE S Solar' s standar d temperatur e rang e warrant yfo r th e Mercur y5 0 i s betwee n 0 T an d 120°F . T o estimat e actua l emission s fo rwhe n th e turbin e i s no t operatin g i n UL P mode , th e followin g expecte d emissio n rate s wer e extrapolate d fro m Sa n Dieg o factor ytests . Level s ma yvar ya t e< - trem e temperature s an d a s a resul t o f variation s i n othe rparameters , suc h a s fue l compositio n an d fue l quality . Emissio n warrantie s canno t b e offere d fo rambien t temperature s belo w 0°F . Tabl e 6 give s expecte d emission s (pp m correcte d t o 15 % O2) a s a functio n o f ambien t temperature . 

### EMISSION S ESTIMATE S A T <50 % LOA D Th e Mercur y5 0 wil l remai n i n lo w emission s mod e unti l th e primar yzon e temperatur e drop s belo w th e desig n allowabl e primar yzon e Table 6. Expected

Mercury

50 Emissions

Levels below 0°F Ambien t Engin e Loa d Fue l NOx, pp m CO , pp m UHC , pp m 0°Fto-20° F 5 0 t o 100 % loa d Gas 4 2 10 0 5 0 Belo w -20° F 5 0 t o 100 % loa d Gas 12 0 15 0 7 5

2temperature . Ambien t temperatur e wil l b e a

factor . Th e precis e loa d a t whic h th e Mercur y5 0 wil l dro p ou t o f lo w emission s mod e i s no t ye t defined , bu t i s expecte d t o b e belo w th e 50 % loa d level . Unti l furthe rtestin g i s completed , a n assumptio n wil l b e mad e tha t th e UL P combus tio n syste m wil l dro p ou t o f low-emissio n mod e a t load s les s tha n 50% . Tabl e 7 provide s estimate s o f NOx , CO , an d UH C emission s whe n operatin g belo w 50 % load . Th e estimate d emission s ca n b

e assume d t o var ylinearl ya s loa d i s cecrease d fro m jus t belo w 50 % loa d t o idle . Table 7. Estimated

Non-ULP

Mode Emissions NOx , CO , UHC , Engin e Loa d pp m pp m PP m Les s tha n 50 % 12 0 5 0 5 0 Idl e 7 0 350 0 50 0 

### START-U PEMISSION S Th e start-u p duratio n i s th e sam e fo rcold , warm , an d ho t starts . Estimate d start-u p emission s ar e summarize d i n Tabl e 8 , i n part s pe rmillio n b y volum e (ppmv) , an d i n Tabl e 9 , i n pound s pe r start-up . Th e emissio n estimate s ar e calculate d fro m empirica l exhaus t characteristics . Sailin g u p th e turbin e an d gettin g int o th e UL P mod e take s thre e steps : 1 . Purge-cran k 2 . Ignitio n an d acceleratio n t o idl e 3 . Loadin g /

therma l stabilizatio n Durin g th e "purge-crank " step , rotatio n o f th e turbin e shaf t i s accomplishe d wit h a n electri c starte rmoto rt o remov e an yresidua l fue l ga s i n th e engin e flo w pat h an d exhaust . During
Table 8. Estimated

Emissions

during Start-up

(ppmv) Start-u p Ste p Combustio n Mod e Approx . Time ,

minute s NOx,

ppm v CO ,

ppm v UHC ,

ppmv 1 . Purge-Cran k Non e 1 - - - 2 . Ignition-Idle-Generato rSynchronizatio n Diffusio n 1 4 7 0 350 0 50 0 3 . Loadin g /

Therma l Stabilizatio n Transitiona l 5 12 0 150 0 25 0 4.50 % t o Ful l Loa d UL P Variabl e < 5 <1 0 <1 0 Table 9. Estimated

Mercury

50 Emissions

per Start-up

Sequence

and Shutdown

Sequence Mercur y S O 640 0 UL P Exhaus t Flo w Rate , Ib/h r 0 2 % HzO % NOx , l b CO , l b UHC , l b Start-u p Step2(14min ) 85,17 8 17. 7 2. 9 0.7 0 29.9 4 2.4 4

Ste p 3 ( 5 min ) 85,17 8 17. 7 2. 9 0.6 0 4.5 8 0.4 4 Tota l Start-u p Emissions , l b ~ ~ - 1. 3 34. 5 2. 9 Shutdow n Ste p 4 (4. 5 min ) 144,00 0 15. 8 4.5 6 0.0 6 0.0 7 0.0 4

Ste p 3 (4. 5 min ) 85,17 8 17.9 3 2.6 9 0.5 4 4.1 2 0.3 9 Tota l Shutdow n Emissions , l b - - ~ - 0. 6 4. 2 0. 4 Assume s IS O conditions : 59°F , 60 % RH , se a level , n o losses . Exhaus t flo w rate s fo rSte p 2 an d 3 fro m Developmen t Tes t Cel l data , engin e at idle . Exhaus t flo w rate s fo rSte p 4 an d Mercur y5 0 Ge n 3 Cycl e Dec k

@ 100 % load . Assume s uni t i s operatin g a t ful l loa d prio rt o shutdown . Assume s ga s fuel .

3"ignitio n an d acceleratio n t o idle, " fue l i s introduce d int o th e combusto ran d ignite d i n a diffusio n flam e mod e an d th e engin e roto ri s accelerate d t o idl e speed . Th e thir d step , "Load in g therma l stabilization, " consist s o f applyin g u p t o 50 % loa d whil e allowin g th e combustio n flam e t o transitio n an d stabilize . Onc e 50 % loa d i s achieved , th e turbin e transition s t o UL P mod e (Ste p 4 ) an d th e engin e contro l syste m begin s t o hol d th e combustio n primar yzon e temperatur e an d limi t pilo t fue l t o contro l th e carbo n monoxid e (CO ) an d nitroge n oxid e (NOx ) emissio n levels . I t i s importan t t o not e tha t Step s 2 an d 3 ar e short-ter m transien t conditions , wit h a n expecte d duratio n o f les s tha n 2 0 minutes . N o emissio n guarante e i s provide d b ySola rfo r<50 % load . 

### SHUTDOWN EMISSION S Normal , planne d coo l dow n / shutdow n duratio n fo rth e Mercur y5 0 take s abou t 9 minutes . Typically , th e emission s wil l b e simila rt o th e start-u p sequence' s Ste p 4 fo r4. 5 minute s an d Ste p 3 fo rth e balanc e o f th e estimate d coo l down/shutdow n duratio n (assume s uni t operatin g a t ful l load) . 

### COMMISSIONIN G EMISSION S Commissionin g generall ytake s plac e ove ra two wee k period . Stati c testing , wher e n o combustio n occurs , usuall yrequire s on e wee k an d n o emission s ar e expected . Dynami c testing , wher e combustio n wil l occur , wil l se e th e engin e star t an d shu t dow n a numbe ro f time s durin g whic h a variet yo f load s wil l b e place d o n th e system . I t i s impossibl e t o predic t ho w lon g th e turbin e wil l ru n an d i n wha t combustio n / emission s mod e i t wil l b e runnin g durin g thi s period . Th e dynami c testin g perio d i s generall yfollowe d b yon e t o tw o day s o f "tune-up " durin g whic h th e turbin e i s runnin g a t variou s loads , mos t likel ywithi n low emission s mod e (warrante d emission s range) .

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# Sola r Turbine s A cmipilit rCMtpn r Sola rTurbine s Incorporate

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