IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

DIVISION II

In the Matter of No. 51858-9-II

the Personal Restraint of

CLABON TERREL BERNIARD,

Petitioner.

UNPUBLISHED OPINION

WORSWICK, P.J. — Clabon Berniard seeks relief from personal restraint imposed 

following his 2015 convictions for one count of first degree murder, two counts of first degree 

robbery, two counts of second degree assault, and one count of first degree burglary.1 First, he 

argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence because there was no evidence linking 

him to the crime. “The test for determining the sufficiency of the evidence is whether, after 

viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have 

found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 

(1992). Charlene Sanders identified Berniard as the person who broke into her home and put a 

gun to her head. As discussed below, this identification was properly admitted, thus the evidence 

against Berniard is sufficient. 

 

1 This court issued the mandate of Berniard’s direct appeal on May 10, 2017, making his May 8, 

2018 petition timely filed. RCW 10.73.090(3)(b).

Filed

Washington State

Court of Appeals

Division Two

February 26, 2019
No. 51858-9-II

2

Second, Berniard argues that the trial court erred in allowing Sanders’s identification of 

him because it was impermissibly suggestive. Berniard contends that Sanders heard his voice from 

a tape made by a television news crew in the past. But the police did not provide Sanders with the 

tape, so the identification was not impermissibly suggestive. State v. Knight, 46 Wn. App. 57, 59, 

729 P.2d 645 (1986). 

Third, Berniard argues that his trial counsel was ineffective in (1) not further crossexamining Lacey Berniard about a conversation she overheard between Berniard and Diane 

Berniard and (2) not examining Diane Berniard about the conversation Lacey Berniard claimed to 

have overheard. To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, Berniard must show both deficient 

performance and resulting prejudice. State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 335-36, 899 P.2d 1251 

(1995); Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). 

We presume that counsel’s performance was not deficient. State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 42, 246 

P.3d 1260 (2011). Further cross-examination of Lacey Berniard regarding the overheard 

conversation would have been counter-productive to his position that the conversation never 

occurred. And examining Diane Berniard about Lacey Berniard not being a credible person, rather 

than asking her more questions about a conversation that Berniard claimed never happened, was a 

strategic decision that does not constitute deficient performance. State v. Garrett, 124 Wn.2d 504, 

520, 881 P.2d 185 (1994). Berniard does not demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel.
No. 51858-9-II

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Fourth, Berniard argues that his second degree assault convictions (counts III and V) 

should have been merged into the first degree robbery convictions (counts II and IV). But as to 

each victim, in addition to committing robbery by means of assault, Berniard committed an 

additional assault after having robbed them. Thus, the assaults do not merge with the robberies. 

State v. Freeman, 153 Wn.2d 765, 778, 108 P.3d 753 (2005).

Fifth, Berniard argues that because the first degree burglary could have been committed 

either by being armed with a deadly weapon or by assaulting a person, the trial court erred in not 

giving a Petrich2instruction that the jurors must unanimously agree as to which of the alternative 

means he used to commit the burglaries. But where, as here, the State presented sufficient evidence 

to support a finding that either Berniard was armed with a deadly weapon or assaulted a person 

during the commission of the burglary, the trial court need not instruct the jury that it needed to be 

unanimous as to which of the alternative means of committing the burglary Berniard had 

committed. State v. Ortega-Martinez, 124 Wn.2d 702, 707-08, 881 P.2d 231 (1994).

Sixth, Berniard argues that the trial court erred in instructing the jury on first degree robbery 

because it did not include in the to-convict instructions that the victim had an ownership, 

representative, or possessory interest in the stolen property. He relies on State v. Richie, 191 Wn. 

App. 916, 365 P.3d 770 (2015). But Richie was overruled in State v. Nelson, 191 Wn.2d 61, 419 

P.3d 410 (2018).

 

2

State v. Petrich, 101 Wn.2d 566, 683 P.2d 173 (1984).
No. 51858-9-II

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Berniard fails to demonstrate unlawful restraint. Therefore, we dismiss his petition.3

A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the 

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040, 

it is so ordered.

WORSWICK, P.J.

We concur:

MELNICK, J.

SUTTON, J.

 

3 We also deny his request for appointment of counsel.