UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

MEMORANDUM 

Date: February 28,2013 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

SUBJECT: Endothall: Chronic Aggregate Dietary (Food plus Drinking Water) Exposure 

Assessment to Support permanent tolerance on Apple 

PC Codes: 038901,038904 and 038905 DP Barcode: 0407814 

Decision No.: 464243 Registration Nos.: 70506-174,70506-175,70506-176,70506-191 

Petition No.: N/A Regulatory Action: Section 3 

Risk Assessment Type: Dietary Case No.: 2245 

TXR No.: NA CAS Nos.: 145-73-3; 2164-07-0; 66330-88-9 

MRID No.: N/A 40 CFR: §180.293 

FROM: Seyed 

RAB5/Health 

Tadayon, 

Effects 

Chemist 

Division 

~ (7509P) 

THROUGH: David Hrdy, Senior Biologis~f(.ffik Ideliz Negr6n-Encamaci6n, Ph.D.,Chemis~ ~ Dietary Exposure Science Advisory Council (DESAC) 

Health Effects Division (7509P) 

and M 

Michael Metzger, Branch Chief 

RAB5/Health Effects Division (750 ;j!) 

TO: Seyed Tadayon, Chemist 

RAB5/Health Effects Division (7509P) 

Page I of30 
Executive Summary 

A chronic aggregate dietary (food and drinking water) exposure and risk assessment was conducted 

using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model software with the Food Commodity Intake Database 

DEEM-FCIDTM, Version 3.16 which uses food consumption data from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)/"What We Eat in America" 

(NHANES/WWEIA) dietary survey conducted in 2003-2008. The analysis was performed to 

evaluate requested new use of endothall on apple. Based on toxicological information, acute and 

cancer assessments are not necessary for endothall. 

Chronic Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization 

A refined, chronic dietary exposure and risk assessment was conducted incorporating both food and 

water residues. The assessment assumed estimates of crops irrigation, percent crop treated for 

endothall from BEAD, average field trial residues for all existing tolerances (including indirect or 

inadvertent or FHE?) and new uses of endothall, DEEM 7. 81 default and crop specific processing 

factors for all commodities. The drinking water inputs were based on modeled surface water values 

from the scenario which is likely to provide the highest estimated environmental concentration. 

Typically, HED has concerns regarding dietary risk when the exposure estimates exceed 100% of 

the chronic population adjusted dose (cPAD). The estimated exposure (food and water) to the U.S. 

population from the existing and proposed new uses of endothall resulted in an estimated risk 

equivalent to 32% of the cPAD. The most highly exposed population subgroup is infants (1-2 years 

old) with an exposure equivalent to an estimated risk of90% ofthe cPAD. 

I. Introduction 

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a given pesticide. For chronic 

assessments, the risk is expressed as a percentage of a maximum acceptable dose (i.e., the dose 

which HED has concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health effects). This dose is 

referred to as the population adjusted dose (PAD). The PAD is equivalent to point of departure 

(POD, NOAEL, LOAEL, e.g.) divided by the required uncertainty or safety factors. 

For chronic exposures, HED is concerned when estimated dietary risk exceeds 1 00% of the PAD. 

References which discuss the acute and chronic risk assessments in more detail are available on the 

EPA/pesticides web site: "Available Information on Assessing Exposure from Pesticides, A User's 

Guide," 21-JUN-2000, web link: http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day12/606l.pdf; or see SOP 99.6 (20-AUG-1999). 

The most recent dietary risk assessment for endothall was conducted by D. Soderberg (05/02/2011, 

DP 386982). 

II. Residue Information 

Registered and Proposed Endothall Tolerances 

Endothall is a selective contact herbicide, defoliant, desiccant, and aquatic algicide belonging to the 

dicarboxylic acid chemical class. The free acid of endothall and its dipotassium and mono-N,Ndimethylalkyl-amine salts (monoalkylamine) are registered in the United States primarily as aquatic 

Page 2 of30 
Page 3 of 30

herbicides for the control of a variety of plants in water bodies. This registration currently includes 

application to irrigation canals with no restrictions except a holding time before livestock can be 

allowed access. Endothall is also registered for desiccation/de-foliation of alfalfa/clover (grown for 

seed only), cotton, and potatoes prior to harvest, and for reduction of sucker branch growth in hops. 

Permanent tolerances have been established for the combined residues of endothall and its 

monomethyl ester in/on all crops and on fish and livestock [40 CFR §180.293(a)(1)]. 

There are currently four endothall end-use products registered to United Phosphorus, Inc. (UPI) for 

control of algae and aquatic weeds in drainage and irrigation canals, including two monoalkylamine 

salt formulations and two dipotassium salt formulations. The monoalkylamine salt of endothall is 

formulated as either a 2 lb ae/gal SC/L formulation (EPA Reg. No. 70506-175) or an 11% granular 

(G) formulation (EPA Reg. No. 70506-174), containing 5% ae. The dipotassium salt is formulated 

as a 4.23 lb ai/gal SC/L (EPA Reg. No. 70506-176), which is equivalent to 3.0 lb ae/gal SC/L, and 

as a 63% granular formulation (EPA Reg. No. 70506-191), which is 44.7 ae.

The qualitative nature of endothall residues in plants is adequately understood based upon the 

metabolism studies on alfalfa, cotton and sugar beets. The qualitative nature of endothall residues 

in livestock is also understood based upon the adequate goat and poultry metabolism studies. The 

Agency has concluded that endothall and its monomethyl ester are the residues of concern in both 

plant and animal commodities for purposes of risk assessment (D370449, date, author). The 

analyses in submitted studies includes a derivatization in strong phosphoric acid, which is expected 

to hydrolyze any monomethyl esters that are present back to the parent, so that both are ultimately 

measured as a common moiety. We note however, that the recovery of the monomethyl ester was 

not tested for the newly submitted livestock feeding studies; therefore the assessment presented here 

must be understood to be contingent upon evidence that the method does reliably recover the 

monomethy ester metabolite from livestock tissues. The residue of concern in water is endothall

only (D370449, author, date). 

The rationale for the residue levels and crop translation included in the dietary assessment was 

discussed in previous assessments (D86982, D370449....). For the new use of endothall on apple 

the proposed label recommends single application of 0.423lbs ai/acre of endothall on apple tree and

a 70-days pre-harvest interval. HED has recommended that a tolerance of 0.05 ppm be established 

for apple. However, a residue level of 0.041 ppm is used based on average residue values from crop 

field trial data. A processing study depicting concentration of residues in apple juice suggest an 

empirical processing factor of 1.2.... 

Summary of Dietary Exposure Input Data for Foods

In order to refine the calculations, average results from the field trials were used for all crops, not 

the recommended tolerances. A detailed list of foods, residue values and processing factors used in 

this assessment is shown in Table 1. 

BEAD provided estimates of the extent to which some crops are treated. BEAD’s memo (D369862, 

D369863) are included as Attachment 3. 
Page 4 of 30

Table 1. Residue Summary for Endothall.

Commodity Residue

s (ppm)

Percent Crop 

Treated

Processing 

Factor

Comments 

Vegetable, root and tuber, group 1 0.33 100 1 Based on average residues in sugar beets 

Carrots 0.08 100 1 carrots 

Potatoes 0.08 100 1 potatoes 

Potatoes, dry 100 6.5 Potatoes

Beet, sugar 0.33 37 1 Based on average residues in sugar beets

Beet, sugar. Sugar 0.33 37 0 Based on average residues in sugar beets, and processing to 

zero residues

Beet, sugar, molasses 0.33 37 2.4 Average residues in sugar beet roots and 2.4x processing 

factor. 

Ginger, dried 0.33 100 1 No default processing factor

Root crop Tops, Crop Group 2 1.3 100 From sugar beet tops

Vegetable, bulb, group 3A green onions 0.26 100 1 Based on average residues in green onions 

Bulb onions 0.05 100 1 dry bulb onions (<0.05 ppm)

Bulb onion, dried 0.05 100 9.0 dry bulb onions (<0.05 ppm)

Vegetable, leafy, except head lettuce, endive, and other 

closed head varieties of leafy vegetables 

0.71 100 1 Based on residues in leaf lettuce (0.71 ppm) 

Head lettuce, endive and celery 0.32 100 1 Based on average residues in head lettuce (0.32 ppm)

Vegetable, brassica, head and stem subgroup 5A 0.06 100 1 Based upon Cabbage 0.06 ppm)

Vegetable, brassica, leafy, group 5B 0.71 100 1 Based upon residues in leaf lettuce, which better represents 

residues on leafy Brassica than does cabbage.

Vegetable, legume, group 6 Vegetable, legume, edible 

podded, subgroup 6A 

0.73 100 1 based on the average residues in succulent beans (0.39 ppm) 

Pea and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup 6B 0.39 100 1 Average residues in succulent peas (0.73 ppm)

Pea and bean, dried shelled, subgroup 6C 0.11 32 1 dried beans (0.11 ppm)

Soybean seed 0.034 9 1 soybeans (0.034 ppm)

Soybean flour 0.034 9 1 soybeans (0.034 ppm)

Soybean milk 0.034 9 1 soybeans (0.034 ppm)

Soybean oil 0.034 9 0.005 soybeans (0.034 ppm)

Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 0.025 100 1 Based on average residues in tomatoes (0.025 ppm), and 

factors from processing study. DEEM default factor for juice 

and dried tomato

Tomato Paste 100 3.3

Tomato Puree 100 2.1

Tomato Juice 100 1.5

Dried tomato 0.025 100 14.3

Okra 0.025 100 1 From Tomato (0.025 ppm)

Vegetable, cucurbit, group 9 0.5 100 1 Based on average residues in cucumbers (0.74 ppm)

Watermelon 0.5 33 1 Residues from cucurbits

Fruit, citrus, group 10 0.024 100 1 Based on average residues in oranges (<0.05 ppm)

Citrus Fruit Oil 0.024 100 0.2 Citrus oil factor

Orange Juice 0.024 100 0.7

Other Citrus Fruit Juices 0.024 100 0.7

adjusted

From OJ factor, adjusted to other citrus using DESAC 

adjustment factors

Citrus Peels 0.024 100 1.0 Between oil factor and pulp factor

Fruit, pome, group 11 0.041 100 1 Based on average residues in apples (0.041 ppm)

Fresh apples 0.041 76

Dried apple 0.041 37 8.0 Default factor

Apple sauce 0.041 14 1 No Factor

Apple juice 0.041 40 1.2 Processing Study

Pear/ Other Pome fruit juice 0.041 100 1.2
Page 5 of 30

Table 1. Residue Summary for Endothall.

Commodity Residue

s (ppm)

Percent Crop 

Treated

Processing 

Factor

Comments 

Dried pear 0.041 100 6.25 Default Factor

Fruit, stone, group 12 0.098 100 1 Based on average residues in peaches (0.15 ppm)

Dried Peach 0.098 100 7.0 Default factor

Dried Plum (Prune) 0.098 100 5.0 Default factor

Prune Juice 0.098 100 1.4 Default factor

Cherry Juice 0.098 100 1.5 Default factor

Caneberry subgroup 13A 0.33 100 1 blackberries (0.33 ppm)

Bushberry subgroup 13B 0.18 100 1 Based on residues in blueberries (0.18 ppm)

Current, dried 0.33 100 4.4 Raisin drying factor

Fresh Grape 0.52 99 1 Based upon average residues on grapes ( 0.52 ppm)

Grape Juice 0.52 94 1.2 Residues on grapes, Default Factor

Grape, raisin 0.52 94 4.4 Average residues of 0.52 ppm in grapes and a 4.4x processing 

factor. 

Grape Leaves 0.52 99 1 Based upon average residues on grapes

Grape wine and sherry 0.52 94 1.2 Based upon average residues on grapes, and default juice 

processing factor

Nut, tree, group 14 0.031 100 1 Based on average residues in almond nutmeats (0.031 ppm).

Pecans 0.024 100 1 Pecan Study

Tree nut oils 0.031 100 0.005 Processing factor from soybean oil factor

Grain, cereal, group 15 0.71 100 1 Cereal Grain – corn, sorghum and wheat field trials

Wheat 0.71 14 1 Wheat field studies

Wheat flour 0.71 14 0.6 Wheat Processing Study

Wheat germ 0.71 14 2.6 processing factor of 2.6x for germ, 

Wheat Bran 0.71 14 2.3 PF 2.3x for bran, 

Barley, grain 0.71 36 1 From wheat

Barley, flour 0.71 36 1 Wheat residues corn flour processing

Barley, bran 0.71 36 2.3 Wheat processing study

Sorghum, grain 1.0 15 1.0 Percent irrigated for grain only

Sorghum, syrup 1.0 100 1.0 Percent irrigated for grain only

Oats 0.71 7 1.0 Residues from wheat

Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.11 100 1 Tolerance based on average residues in sweet corn K+CWHR 

(0.11 ppm)

Corn, field, grain 0.05 19 1 Tolerance based on average residues found in field corn grain 

(0.05 ppm)

Corn meal and flour 0.05 19 1.0 Corn Processing Study

Corn, field, bran 0.05 19 2.3 Corn Processing Study

Corn, field, starch 0.05 19 1.0 Corn Processing Study

Corn, field, syrup 0.05 19 1.5 DEEM Default

Corn, field, oil 0.05 19 1 Corn Processing Study

Corn, pop, grain 0.05 19 1 Tolerance based on average residues found in field corn grain 

(0.05 ppm)

Herb and spice, group 19 100 1 Based upon Mint Study

Rice, grain 1.05 100 1 Average residues in Rice

White Rice 1.05 100 0.1 Rice Processing Study 

Rice Bran 1.05 100 2.3 Rice Processing Study

Rice flour 1.05 100 0.1 Rice Processing Study for white rice

Alfalfa 0.11 100 1 From Alfalfa trials

Acerola 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Amaranth 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Artichoke 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Asparagus 0.32 100 1 Translated from head lettuce
Page 6 of 30

Table 1. Residue Summary for Endothall.

Commodity Residue

s (ppm)

Percent Crop 

Treated

Processing 

Factor

Comments 

Avocado 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Bamboo 2.2 100 1 From average grass residues

Banana 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried Banana 0.041 100 3.9 Translated from apple residues

Belgium endive 0.32 100 1 Translated from head lettuce

Breadfruit 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Cactus 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Canistel 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Carob 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Cherimoya 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Cocoa bean 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Cocoa bean powder 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Coconut meat 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried coconut meat 0.041 100 2.1 Translated from apple residues

Coconut milk 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Coconut oil 0.041 100 0.005 Translated from apple residues and soy oil PF

Coffee, roasted bean 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Coffee, Instant 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Cottonseed oil 0.1 100 0.005 Regular Cotton residues and soy processing factor

Cranberry 0.33 100 1 From blackberries

Cranberry, Dried 0.33 100 1 From blackberries

Cranberry, Juice 0.33 100 1.1 From blackberries

Date 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Feijoa 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Fig 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried fig 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Flaxseed Oil 0.034 100 0.005 From soybeans and the soy oil PF

Guava 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Honey 0.003 100 1 Use milk residues

Hop 0.1 100 1 Tolerance from Terrestrial use

Jaboticaba 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Jack fruit 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Kiwi fruit 0.52 100 1 From grapes

Longan 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Lychee 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Lychee, dried 0.041 100 1.85 Translated from apple residues, DEEM default PF

Mamey apple 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Mango 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried mango 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Mango juice 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Maple sugar 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Maple syrup 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Mulberry 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Mushroom 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Olive 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Olive oil 0.041 100 0.005 Translated from apple residues and soy PF

Palm heart 2.2 100 1 Translated from grass residues
Page 7 of 30

Table 1. Residue Summary for Endothall.

Commodity Residue

s (ppm)

Percent Crop 

Treated

Processing 

Factor

Comments 

Palm oil 2.2 100 0.005 Translated from grass residues

Papaya 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried papaya 0.041 100 1.8 Translated from apple residues

Papaya juice 0.041 100 1.5 Translated from apple residues

Passionfruit 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Passionfruit juice 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Pawpaw 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Peanut 0.08 42 1 From potato residues

Peanut butter 0.08 42 1.89 From potato residues

Peanut oil 0.08 42 0.005 From potato residues, with soy oil processing factor

Peppermint 2.14 100 1 From Mint Study 

Peppermint oil 2.14 100 0.001 From Mint Study

Persimmon 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Pine nut 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Pineapple 0.5 100 1 From curcubits

Dried pineapple 0.5 100 5.0 From curcubits

Pineapple juice 0.5 100 1.7 From curcubits

Plantain 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Dried plantain 0.041 100 3.9 Translated from apple residues

Pomegranate 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Psyllium seed 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Quinoa gra oilin 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Rapeseed 0.034 100 0.005 From Soybeans and soybean oil PF

Safflower seed oil 0.034 100 0.005 From Soybeans and soybean oil PF

Sapote 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Sesame seed 0.71 100 1 Translated from leaf lettuce

Sesame seed oil 0.71 100 0.005 Translated from leaf lettuce

Soursop 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Spanish lime 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Spearmint 2.14 100 1 From Mint Study

Spearmint 2.14 100 0.001 From Mint Study

Sunflower 0.034 100 0.005 From Soybeans and soybean oil PF

Spearmint oil 2.14 100 0.01 From Mint Study

Starfruit 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Strawberry 0.52 90 1 Translated from grapes

Strawberry juice 0.52 100 1 Translated from grapes

Sugar apple 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Sugarcane 2.2 100 1 From grass

Sugarcane sugar 2.2 54 0 From grass, processed to zero residues 

Sugarcane molasses 2.2 54 2.4 From grass, sugar beet to molasses processing factor

Tamarind 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Tea, dried 0.33 100 1 Translated from blackberry residues

Instant tea 0.33 100 1 Translated from blackberry residues

Tomato tree 0.041 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Vinegar 0.025 100 1 Translated from apple residues

Water chestnut 5.0 100 1 Aquatic plant, highest residue value in water

Watercress 5.0 100 1 Aquatic plant, highest residue value in water

Cattle, muscle 0.0025 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.
Page 8 of 30

Table 1. Residue Summary for Endothall.

Commodity Residue

s (ppm)

Percent Crop 

Treated

Processing 

Factor

Comments 

Cattle, meat byproducts 0.023 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Cattle, kidney 0.023 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Cattle, liver 0.010 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Cattle, fat 0.001 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Milk 0.003 100 1 Based upon calculations for Dairy Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Sheep, muscle 0.002 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Sheep, kidney 0.014 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Sheep, liver 0..006 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Sheep, fat 0.0006 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Goat, muscle 0.0015 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Goat, kidney 0.014 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Goat, liver 0.006 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Goat, fat 0.0006 100 1 Based upon calculations for Beef Cattle using metabolism 

data.

Hog, muscle 0.0007 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Hog, Skin 0.0065 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Hog, kidney 0.0065 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Hog, liver 0.0028 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Hog, fat 0.0003 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Poultry, muscle 0.001 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Poultry, liver 0.003 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Poultry, fat 0.001 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Poultry, skin and meat byproducts 0.014 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Egg, whole 0.0037 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Egg, white 0.0003 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Egg, yolk 0.0037 100 1 Based upon calculations using metabolism data.

Finfish 0.1 100 1 Tolerance

Crustaceans 1 100 1 Recommended Tolerance

Mollusks 4 100 1 Recommended Tolerance

Acute and Cancer Dietary Exposure

No acute or cancer dietary exposure endpoints were determined, so no acute or chronic exposure 

assessment has been performed. 

 

Chronic Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization

Based upon a DEEM chronic exposure analysis for food plus water, neither the general U.S. 

population nor any of its subgroups exceeded the chronic population adjusted dose (cPAD). In this 

assessment the general U.S. population is estimated to be exposed at 0.002229 mg/Kg bw/day or 
Page 9 of 30

32% of the cPAD. The most highly exposed population subgroup is children 1 – 2 years of age, 

who are estimated to be exposed at 0.006314 mg/Kg bw/day or 90.0% of the cPAD. 

III. Drinking Water Data

The value for (human) drinking water residues, at 31 ppm, that was used in the dietary risk 

assessment was provided by the Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) (09/18/2012, DP 

404321). Water residues were incorporated in the DEEM-FCID into the food categories “water, 

direct, all sources” and “water, indirect, all sources.” 

As explained by EFED, this is a terrestrial food use. Considering the possible exposure of 

drinking water, the greatest potential will come from the direct application to drinking water 

reservoirs. In a previous drinking water assessment, EFED has concluded the use of endothalltreated irrigation water represents the most conservative estimates for drinking water 

assessment (DP 356316, dated September 9, 2009, see attachment). Therefore, the drinking 

water exposure estimates (shown below) based on the direct water applications should 

continue to be used for the human health risk assessment.

The maximum potential exposure of endothall in drinking water sources is expected to result from 

the direct application of endothall to drinking water reservoirs to control aquatic weeds. EFED 

assumed that the entire reservoir would be treated at the maximum rates, with no more than 10% of 

the reservoir treated at one time as stated on the label, so that 10 treatments were applied 7 days 

apart to get the entire reservoir. Since the label specified that the community water system (CWS) 

could not supply treated drinking water unless the residues were below 0.1 ppm (100 μg/L), EFED 

assumed 100 μg/L (0.1 ppm) as the acute (peak) exposure and the constant exposure during the 

treatment period and then modeled residue decline by degradation after the final treatment. This 

resulted in a chronic (annual average) concentration of 31 μg/L (0.031 ppm) for endothall. This 

represents the likely high-end chronic exposure from endothall from the use most likely to generate 

the highest exposures (treatment of a reservoir).” 

IV. DEEM-FCIDTM Program and Consumption Information

Endothall chronic dietary exposure assessments was conducted using the Dietary Exposure 

Evaluation Model software with the Food Commodity Intake Database DEEM-FCIDTM, Version 

3.16 which incorporates consumption data from USDA’s National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey)/“What We Eat in America” (NHANES/WWEIA) dietary survey conducted in 

2003-2008. The 2003-2008 data are based on the reported consumption of more than 20,000 

individuals over two non-consecutive survey days. Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie) are linked 

to EPA-defined food commodities (e.g. apples, peeled fruit - cooked; fresh or N/S; baked; or wheat 

flour - cooked; fresh or N/S, baked) using publicly available recipe translation files developed 

jointly by USDA/ARS and EPA. For chronic exposure assessment, consumption data are averaged 

for the entire U.S. population and within population subgroups, but for acute exposure assessment 

are retained as individual consumption events. Based on analysis of the 2003-2008 WWEIA 

consumption data, which took into account dietary patterns and survey respondents, HED concluded 

that it is most appropriate to report risk for the following population subgroups: the general U.S. 

population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 13-19, adults 

20-49, females 13-49, and adults 50+ years old.
Page 10 of 30

For chronic dietary exposure assessment, an estimate of the residue level in each food or food-form 

(e.g., orange or orange juice) on the food commodity residue list is multiplied by the average daily 

consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake estimate. The resulting 

residue intake estimate for each food/food form is summed with the residue intake estimates for all 

other food/food forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total average estimated 

exposure. Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and as a percent of the cPAD. This 

procedure is performed for each population subgroup.

V. Toxicological Information

The HIARC discussed endothall on 18 May 2004. This discussion resulted in the following table of 

toxicological endpoints for endothall. No revisions were considered necessary for the current 

assessment.

Table 2. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Endothall for Use in Dietary Exposure Assessment

Exposure

Scenario

Point of Departure Uncertainty/FQPA 

Safety Factors

RfD, PAD, Level 

of Concern 

Study and Toxicological 

Effects

Acute Dietary An appropriate endpoint attributable to a single dose was not available from any study, including the 

prenatal developmental toxicity study in rats. An acute RfD was not established.

Chronic Dietary

(All 

populations)

LOAEL= 2 mg/kg/day UFA = 10

UFH = 10

UFDB = 3

UFtotal = 300

Chronic RfD = 

0.007 mg/kg/day

cPAD = 0.007

mg/kg/day

2-generation reproduction 

study in rats; LOAEL = 2 

mg/kg/day based on 

proliferative lesions of the 

gastric epithelium in both 

sexes

Cancer (oral, 

dermal, 

inhalation)

Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans

Point of Departure (POD) = A data point or an estimated point that is derived from observed dose-response data and 

used to mark the beginning of extrapolation to determine risk associated with lower environmentally relevant human 

exposures. LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level. UF = uncertainty factor. UFA = extrapolation from animal 

to human (intraspecies). UFH = potential variation in sensitivity among members of the human population 

(interspecies). UFDB = to account for the absence of key data (i.e., lack of a critical study). PAD = population adjusted 

dose (a = acute, c = chronic). RfD = reference dose. 

VI. Results/Discussion 

As stated above, for chronic assessments, HED is concerned when dietary risk exceeds 100% of the 

cPAD. The DEEM-FCIDTM analyses estimate the dietary exposure of the U.S. population and 

various population subgroups. The results reported in Table 3 are for the general U.S. Population, 

all infants (<1 year old), non-nursing infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5, children 6-12, 

youth 13-19, females 13-49, adults 20-49, and adults 50-99 years. 

Results of Chronic Dietary (Food Only, Food and Drinking Water, and Drinking Water Only) 

Exposure Analysis

The results of the chronic dietary exposure analysis are reported in the summary table (Table 3) 

below. We again note that these estimates are expected to be very conservative, but that data is not 

available to provide specific, quantifiable refinement below these levels of exposure.
Page 11 of 30

Table 3. Summary of Chronic Dietary ( Food and Drinking Water) Exposure and Risk for Endothall

Population Subgroup

Chronic Dietary

Food Plus Water

Dietary Exposure (mg/kg/day) % cPAD

General U.S. Population 0.002229 32

All Infants (< 1 year old) 0.004392 63

Children 1-2 years old 0.006314 90

Children 3-5 years old 0.004575 65

Children 6-12 years old 0.002554 37

Youth 13-19 years old 0.001483 21

Adults 20-49 years old 0.001932 28

Adults 50-99 years old 0.001983 28

Females 13-49 years old 0.001874 27

VII. Characterization of Inputs/Outputs

In the course of conducting a dietary exposure analysis, decisions are made regarding the residue 

data used in the analysis (e.g., field trials, monitoring data, etc.), refinements incorporated into the 

analysis (such as percent crop treated and processing factors), and perhaps other issues. The 

following is a description of the most important aspects of these uncertainties. 

Level of Refinement

Residue and processing data are all from residue field trials designed to produce maximum residues 

for the purpose of setting tolerances. The assessment has been refined as possible given the nature 

of the information available. Average residue values, not tolerances, have been used for the crops. 

Where information was available to BEAD, percents of the harvested crop that have been irrigated 

(in lieu of percent crop treated values) have also been incorporated. For estimating residues in 

meat, milk, poultry and eggs, average residues in feeds and the maximum allowed 5 ppm in the 

livestock water were used. In general these assessment results are very conservative. 

Residue Issues

The estimate of endothall residues in drinking water is conservative and is expected to represent the 

high end of reasonably possible, chronically available residues in drinking water. The assessment 

incorporates the assumption that all drinking water consumed by all exposed individuals chronically 

contains residues at this concentration. 
Page 12 of 30

The estimated exposures through food incorporate the conservative assumptions that all irrigation 

systems are treated with endothall; that the treatments are always at the maximum rate and are 

applied the maximum number of times per season. It appears that very many, if not all, irrigation 

channels do require some form of treatment to remove aquatic weeds every year, but it is not now 

known to what extent endothall may find future use to address these problems. 

All treatments in the field trials are by overhead irrigation (i.e. are sprayed on the crops). This 

method delivers the treated water directly to the surfaces of the crops as well as to the roots 

compared to other irrigation methods that deliver water only to the roots but it is unclear to what 

extent overhead irrigation may be conservative. 

It is assumed that all meat, milk, poultry, and eggs derive from livestock and poultry that have been 

consuming both water and feeds that contain the maximum possible endothall residues and that fish 

consumed have been swimming in endothall treated water and have incurred tolerance level 

residues. Residues are also postulated to be present in honey at the concentrations found in cow’s 

milk. The conservatism of estimating exposure through all of these foods all together should be 

apparent, but cannot be quantified. 

Thus it is again summarized that the residue assumptions are expected to be conservative, but the 

extent of these conservatisms cannot be well estimated. 

Translation of Residue Data

As previously stated, because residues must be assumed for all possible crops in the 

USA, residues have been widely translated between crops both inside and outside of crop groups 

because only a few more representative crops were tested in the field trials. The data for each of the 

tested crops was very limited as well. The limited crop processing data have also been extrapolated 

to other crops. Although it is certainly possible to question individual translations, and values for 

each crop are uncertain, it is believed that, when averaged over the total, the results are less 

uncertain because there is a fairly large amount of reasonably consistent data overall. Therefore, 

these translations should provide reasonable but conservative estimates of the chronic exposure to 

residues.

Processing Factors

As also previously stated, the limited processing data from these studies were translated to the 

important processed commodities of all crops. Where data was not available, DEEM default factors 

were used if they were available. For processed commodities where even DEEM default factors 

were not available, the factors were generally set to 1. No washing, peeling or cooking data were 

available and none were incorporated into this assessment. 

Adequacy of %CT data

There is no way to establish ordinary percent crop treated values for this use. In lieu of that 

information BEAD has provided percent of the harvested crop that has been irrigated, assuming 

that all irrigation water is treated. The assessment is conservative to the extent that endothall will 

only be used on some irrigation canals some of the time. However, at this time it has not been 
Page 13 of 30

possible to estimate the proportion of canals that will be treated, and this new use does have the 

potential to become extensive. 

Significant Risk Contributors ("Risk Drivers")

The most significant risk drivers for children are commodities from grapes – table grapes, grape 

juice and raisins. The largest proportion of this exposure is from grape juice. Exposure through 

drinking water is very important for infants, and especially for non-nursing infants. Potential 

residues in milk were also a possible driver of exposure for infants. For older children, wheat, oats, 

strawberries and pineapple juice become notable sources of potential residues. Pineapples are not 

grown in the continental U.S., but the use was retained in this exposure assessment to avoid 

unnecessarily limiting the potential use of endothall. (Note also that residues were not measured on 

pineapples. These residues were translated from cucurbits.) Many other tropical fruits are also 

grown in the continental U.S. to only a very limited extent, but were retained in the assessment 

because small acreages of many of these crops are grown along the southernmost regions and so 

could not be removed. Thus this assessment also does not assume that use will be restricted from 

any of the tropical islands of the U.S.

 

VIII. Conclusions

HED has no toxic endpoints for acute or cancer exposures to endothall. In a conservative chronic 

DEEM assessment, it has been shown that exposures to endothall from use on apple is below the 

cPAD, HED’s level of concern, for the general U.S. population and for all of its subgroups. The 

general U.S. population is estimated to be exposed at not more than 32 % of the cPAD. The most 

highly exposed population subgroup is children 1 – 2 years old, who may be exposed at not more 

than 90% of the cPAD 

The uncertainty and conservativeness of these estimates cannot be quantified, but can be 

qualitatively characterized in some detail as discussed above. The assessment is conservative on 

many counts and actual exposures are expected to be below those calculated. However, although 

the various factors discussed are expected to be conservative, OPP has no way to quantify the extent 

to which they are conservative, individually or combined.

IX.List of Attachments

1) Chronic Food Plus Water Residue Input file (Commodity Code order)

2) Chronic Results files: Food Plus Water

3) Percent Crop Treated Memo from BEAD
Page 14 of 30

Attachment 1. Chronic Food Plus Water Input File (Commodity Code order)

Filename: C:\Documents and Settings\stadayon\My Documents\Work in 

Progress\Endothall\ENDOTHALL12DEC2012.R08

Chemical: endothall

RfD(Chronic): .007 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Chronic): 0 mg/kg bw/day

RfD(Acute): 0 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Acute): 0 mg/kg bw/day

Date created/last modified: 12-12-2012/06:41:12 Program ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 EPA Crop Def Res Adj.Factors Comment

 Code Grp Commodity Name (ppm) #1 #2 

---------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ -------

0101050000 1AB Beet, garden, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101050001 1AB Beet, garden, roots-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101053000 1A Beet, sugar, molasses 0.330000 2.400 0.370 

0101053001 1A Beet, sugar, molasses-babyfood 0.330000 2.400 0.370 

0101067000 1AB Burdock 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101078000 1AB Carrot 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0101078001 1AB Carrot-babyfood 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0101079000 1AB Carrot, juice 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0101084000 1AB Celeriac 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101100000 1AB Chicory, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101168000 1AB Ginseng, dried 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101190000 1AB Horseradish 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101250000 1AB Parsley, turnip rooted 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101251000 1AB Parsnip 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101251001 1AB Parsnip-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101314000 1AB Radish, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101316000 1AB Radish, Oriental, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101327000 1AB Rutabaga 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101331000 1AB Salsify, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0101388000 1AB Turnip, roots 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103015000 1CD Arrowroot, flour 0.330000 6.500 1.000 PF fro

 Full comment: PF from potato

0103015001 1CD Arrowroot, flour-babyfood 0.330000 6.500 1.000 PF fro

 Full comment: PF from potato

0103017000 1CD Artichoke, Jerusalem 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103082000 1CD Cassava 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103082001 1CD Cassava-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103139000 1CD Dasheen, corm 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103166000 1CD Ginger 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103166001 1CD Ginger-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103167000 1CD Ginger, dried 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103296000 1C Potato, chips 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0103297000 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes) 0.080000 6.500 1.000 

0103297001 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes)-b 0.080000 6.500 1.000 

0103298000 1C Potato, flour 0.080000 6.500 1.000 

0103298001 1C Potato, flour-babyfood 0.080000 6.500 1.000 

0103299000 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0103299001 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel-babyfood 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0103300000 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0103300001 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel-babyfood 0.080000 1.000 1.000 

0103366000 1CD Sweet potato 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103366001 1CD Sweet potato-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103371000 1CD Tanier, corm 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103387000 1CD Turmeric 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103406000 1CD Yam, true 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0103407000 1CD Yam bean 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

0200051000 2 Beet, garden, tops 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0200101000 2 Chicory, tops 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0200140000 2 Dasheen, leaves 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0200315000 2 Radish, tops 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0200317000 2 Radish, Oriental, tops 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0200332000 2 Salsify, tops 1.300000 1.000 1.000 

0301165000 3A Garlic, bulb 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0301165001 3A Garlic, bulb-babyfood 0.050000 9.000 1.000 

0301237000 3A Onion, bulb 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0301237001 3A Onion, bulb-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0301238000 3A Onion, bulb, dried 0.050000 9.000 1.000 

0301238001 3A Onion, bulb, dried-babyfood 0.050000 9.000 1.000 
Page 15 of 30

0302103000 3B Chive, fresh leaves 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

0302198000 3B Leek 0.260000 1.000 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from green onion

0302239000 3B Onion, green 0.260000 1.000 1.000 

0302338500 3B Shallot, fresh leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0401005000 4A Amaranth, leafy 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401018000 4A Arugula 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401104000 4A Chrysanthemum, garland 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401133000 4A Cress, garden 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401134000 4A Cress, upland 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401138000 4A Dandelion, leaves 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401150000 4A Endive 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0401204000 4A Lettuce, head 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0401205000 4A Lettuce, leaf 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401248000 4A Parsley, leaves 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401313000 4A Radicchio 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401355000 4A Spinach 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0401355001 4A Spinach-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0402076000 4B Cardoon 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0402085000 4B Celery 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0402085001 4B Celery-babyfood 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0402086000 4B Celery, juice 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0402087000 4B Celtuce 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0402152000 4B Fennel, Florence 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0402322000 4B Rhubarb 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

0402367000 4B Swiss chard 0.710000 1.000 1.000 

0501061000 5A Broccoli 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501061001 5A Broccoli-babyfood 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501062000 5A Broccoli, Chinese 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501064000 5A Brussels sprouts 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501069000 5A Cabbage 0.060000 1.000 1.000 

0501071000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, napa 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501072000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, mustard 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501083000 5A Cauliflower 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0501196000 5A Kohlrabi 0.060000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cabbage

0502063000 5B Broccoli raab 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502070000 5B Cabbage, Chinese, bok choy 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502117000 5B Collards 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502194000 5B Kale 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502229000 5B Mustard greens 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502318000 5B Rape greens 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0502389000 5B Turnip, greens 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leaf lettuce

0600347000 6 Soybean, seed 0.034000 1.000 0.090 

0600349000 6 Soybean, soy milk 0.034000 1.000 0.090 

0600349001 6 Soybean, soy milk-babyfood or in 0.034000 1.000 0.090 

0600350000 6 Soybean, oil 0.034000 0.005 0.090 

0600350001 6 Soybean, oil-babyfood 0.034000 0.005 0.090 

0601043000 6A Bean, snap, succulent 0.390000 1.000 1.000 

0601043001 6A Bean, snap, succulent-babyfood 0.390000 1.000 1.000 

0601257000 6A Pea, edible podded, succulent 0.730000 1.000 1.000 
Page 16 of 30

0602031000 6B Bean, broad, succulent 0.390000 1.000 1.000 

0602033000 6B Bean, cowpea, succulent 0.390000 1.000 1.000 

0602037000 6B Bean, lima, succulent 0.390000 1.000 1.000 

0602255000 6B Pea, succulent 0.730000 1.000 0.110 

0602255001 6B Pea, succulent-babyfood 0.730000 1.000 0.110 

0602259000 6B Pea, pigeon, succulent 0.390000 1.000 0.110 

0603030000 6C Bean, black, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603032000 6C Bean, broad, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603034000 6C Bean, cowpea, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603035000 6C Bean, great northern, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603036000 6C Bean, kidney, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603038000 6C Bean, lima, seed 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

0603039000 6C Bean, mung, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603040000 6C Bean, navy, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603041000 6C Bean, pink, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603042000 6C Bean, pinto, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603098000 6C Chickpea, seed 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603098001 6C Chickpea, seed-babyfood 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603099000 6C Chickpea, flour 0.110000 1.000 0.320 

0603182000 6C Guar, seed 0.110000 2.100 0.320 

0603182001 6C Guar, seed-babyfood 0.110000 2.100 0.320 

0603203000 6C Lentil, seed 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

0603256000 6C Pea, dry 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

0603256001 6C Pea, dry-babyfood 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

0603258000 6C Pea, pigeon, seed 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

0603348000 6C Soybean, flour 0.034000 1.000 0.090 

0603348001 6C Soybean, flour-babyfood 0.034000 1.000 0.090 

0801374000 8A Tomatillo 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801375000 8A Tomato 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801375001 8A Tomato-babyfood 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801376000 8A Tomato, paste 0.025000 3.300 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801376001 8A Tomato, paste-babyfood 0.025000 3.300 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801377000 8A Tomato, puree 0.025000 2.100 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801377001 8A Tomato, puree-babyfood 0.025000 2.100 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801378000 8A Tomato, dried 0.025000 14.300 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801378001 8A Tomato, dried-babyfood 0.025000 14.300 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801379000 8A Tomato, juice 0.025000 1.500 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0801380000 8A Tomato, Tree 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

0802148000 8BC Eggplant 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802234000 8BC Okra 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802270000 8B Pepper, bell 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802270001 8B Pepper, bell-babyfood 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802271000 8B Pepper, bell, dried 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802271001 8B Pepper, bell, dried-babyfood 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802272000 8BC Pepper, nonbell 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802272001 8BC Pepper, nonbell-babyfood 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0802273000 8BC Pepper, nonbell, dried 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from t

 Full comment: from tomato 1/2 LOD

0901075000 9A Cantaloupe 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0901187000 9A Honeydew melon 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0901399000 9A Watermelon 0.500000 1.000 0.330 

0901400000 9A Watermelon, juice 0.500000 1.000 0.330 

0902021000 9B Balsam pear 0.500000 1.000 1.000 
Page 17 of 30

0902088000 9B Chayote, fruit 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902102000 9B Chinese waxgourd 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902135000 9B Cucumber 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902308000 9B Pumpkin 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902309000 9B Pumpkin, seed 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902356000 9B Squash, summer 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902356001 9B Squash, summer-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902357000 9B Squash, winter 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0902357001 9B Squash, winter-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

1001106000 10A Citron 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1001107000 10A Citrus hybrids 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1001108000 10A Citrus, oil 0.024000 0.200 1.000 citrus

 Full comment: citrus oil factor

1001240000 10A Orange 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1001241000 10A Orange, juice 0.024000 0.700 1.000 O J fa

 Full comment: O J factor

1001241001 10A Orange, juice-babyfood 0.024000 0.700 1.000 O J fa

 Full comment: O J factor

1001242000 10A Orange, peel 0.024000 2.200 1.000 dried 

 Full comment: dried pulp factor

1001369000 10A Tangerine 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1001370000 10A Tangerine, juice 0.024000 0.900 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1002197000 10B Kumquat 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1002199000 10B Lemon 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1002200000 10B Lemon, juice 0.024000 0.780 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1002200001 10B Lemon, juice-babyfood 0.024000 0.780 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1002201000 10B Lemon, peel 0.024000 2.200 1.000 dried 

 Full comment: dried pulp factor

1002206000 10B Lime 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1002207000 10B Lime, juice 0.024000 0.780 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1002207001 10B Lime, juice-babyfood 0.024000 0.780 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1003180000 10C Grapefruit 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1003181000 10C Grapefruit, juice 0.024000 0.820 1.000 adjust

 Full comment: adjusted OJ factor

1003307000 10C Pummelo 0.024000 1.000 1.000 

1100007000 11 Apple, fruit with peel 0.041000 1.000 0.760 

1100008000 11 Apple, peeled fruit 0.041000 1.000 0.760 

1100008001 11 Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 0.760 

1100009000 11 Apple, dried 0.041000 8.000 0.370 

1100009001 11 Apple, dried-babyfood 0.041000 8.000 0.370 

1100010000 11 Apple, juice 0.041000 1.200 0.400 juice 

 Full comment: juice factor

1100010001 11 Apple, juice-babyfood 0.041000 1.200 0.400 juice 

 Full comment: juice factor

1100011000 11 Apple, sauce 0.041000 1.000 0.140 

1100011001 11 Apple, sauce-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 0.140 

1100129000 11 Crabapple 0.041000 1.000 1.000 

1100210000 11 Loquat 0.041000 1.000 1.000 

1100266000 11 Pear 0.041000 1.000 1.000 

1100266001 11 Pear-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 

1100267000 11 Pear, dried 0.041000 6.250 1.000 DEEM d

 Full comment: DEEM default proc factor

1100268000 11 Pear, juice 0.041000 1.200 1.000 

1100268001 11 Pear, juice-babyfood 0.041000 1.200 1.000 

1100310000 11 Quince 0.041000 1.000 1.000 

1201090000 12A Cherry 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1201090001 12A Cherry-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1201091000 12A Cherry, juice 0.098000 1.500 1.000 

1201091001 12A Cherry, juice-babyfood 0.098000 1.500 1.000 

1202012000 12B Apricot 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202012001 12B Apricot-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202013000 12B Apricot, dried 0.098000 6.000 1.000 DEEM d

 Full comment: DEEM default proc factor

1202014000 12B Apricot, juice 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202014001 12B Apricot, juice-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202230000 12B Nectarine 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202260000 12B Peach 0.098000 1.000 1.000 
Page 18 of 30

1202260001 12B Peach-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202261000 12B Peach, dried 0.098000 7.000 1.000 

1202261001 12B Peach, dried-babyfood 0.098000 7.000 1.000 

1202262000 12B Peach, juice 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1202262001 12B Peach, juice-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1203285000 12C Plum 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1203285001 12C Plum-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1203286000 12C Plum, prune, fresh 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1203286001 12C Plum, prune, fresh-babyfood 0.098000 1.000 1.000 

1203287000 12C Plum, prune, dried 0.098000 5.000 1.000 

1203287001 12C Plum, prune, dried-babyfood 0.098000 5.000 1.000 

1203288000 12C Plum, prune, juice 0.098000 1.400 1.000 

1203288001 12C Plum, prune, juice-babyfood 0.098000 1.400 1.000 

1301055000 13A Blackberry 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301056000 13A Blackberry, juice 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301056001 13A Blackberry, juice-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301058000 13A Boysenberry 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301208000 13A Loganberry 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301320000 13A Raspberry 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301320001 13A Raspberry-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301321000 13A Raspberry, juice 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1301321001 13A Raspberry, juice-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 

1302057000 13B Blueberry 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302057001 13B Blueberry-babyfood 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302136000 13B Currant 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302137000 13B Currant, dried 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302149000 13B Elderberry 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302174000 13B Gooseberry 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1302191000 13B Huckleberry 0.180000 1.000 1.000 

1303227000 13C Mulberry 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

1304175000 13D Grape 0.520000 1.000 0.950 

1304176000 13D Grape, juice 0.520000 1.200 0.940 maximu

 Full comment: maximum conc factor

1304176001 13D Grape, juice-babyfood 0.520000 1.200 0.940 maximu

 Full comment: maximum conc factor

1304179000 13D Grape, wine and sherry 0.520000 1.000 0.940 

1304195000 13D Kiwifruit, fuzzy 0.520000 1.000 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from grapes

1307130000 13G Cranberry 0.330000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

1307130001 13G Cranberry-babyfood 0.330000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

1307131000 13G Cranberry, dried 0.330000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

1307132000 13G Cranberry, juice 0.330000 1.100 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

1307132001 13G Cranberry, juice-babyfood 0.330000 1.100 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

1307359000 13G Strawberry 0.520000 1.000 0.900 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

1307359001 13G Strawberry-babyfood 0.520000 1.000 0.880 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

1307360000 13G Strawberry, juice 0.520000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

1307360001 13G Strawberry, juice-babyfood 0.520000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

1400003000 14 Almond 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400003001 14 Almond-babyfood 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400004000 14 Almond, oil 0.031000 0.005 1.000 soy oi

 Full comment: soy oil factor

1400004001 14 Almond, oil-babyfood 0.031000 0.005 1.000 soy oi

 Full comment: soy oil factor

1400059000 14 Brazil nut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400068000 14 Butternut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400081000 14 Cashew 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400092000 14 Chestnut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond
Page 19 of 30

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400155000 14 Hazelnut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400156000 14 Hazelnut, oil 0.031000 0.005 1.000 soy oi

 Full comment: soy oil factor

1400185000 14 Hickory nut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400213000 14 Macadamia nut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400269000 14 Pecan 0.024000 1.000 1.000 pecan 

 Full comment: pecan field trial

1400278000 14 Pine nut 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

1400282000 14 Pistachio 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1400391000 14 Walnut 0.031000 1.000 1.000 almond

 Full comment: almond field trial

1500025000 15 Barley, pearled barley 0.710000 1.000 0.360 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500025001 15 Barley, pearled barley-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 0.360 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500026000 15 Barley, flour 0.710000 1.000 0.360 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500026001 15 Barley, flour-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 0.360 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500027000 15 Barley, bran 0.710000 2.300 0.360 wheat 

 Full comment: wheat and rice bran factor

1500065000 15 Buckwheat 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500066000 15 Buckwheat, flour 0.710000 0.600 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat and wheat flour

1500120000 15 Corn, field, flour 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn f

 Full comment: corn flour 1x

1500120001 15 Corn, field, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn f

 Full comment: corn flour 1x

1500121000 15 Corn, field, meal 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn m

 Full comment: corn meal 1x

1500121001 15 Corn, field, meal-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn m

 Full comment: corn meal 1x

1500122000 15 Corn, field, bran 0.050000 2.300 0.190 wheat 

 Full comment: wheat and rice bran factor

1500123000 15 Corn, field, starch 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn s

 Full comment: corn starch 1x

1500123001 15 Corn, field, starch-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn s

 Full comment: corn starch 1x

1500124000 15 Corn, field, syrup 0.050000 1.500 0.190 corn s

 Full comment: corn starch 1x

1500124001 15 Corn, field, syrup-babyfood 0.050000 1.500 0.190 corn s

 Full comment: corn starch 1x

1500125000 15 Corn, field, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn o

 Full comment: corn oil 1x

1500125001 15 Corn, field, oil-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.190 corn o

 Full comment: corn oil 1x

1500126000 15 Corn, pop 0.050000 1.000 0.190 

1500127000 15 Corn, sweet 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

1500127001 15 Corn, sweet-babyfood 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

1500226000 15 Millet, grain 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500231000 15 Oat, bran 0.710000 2.300 0.070 wheat 

 Full comment: wheat and rice bran factor

1500232000 15 Oat, flour 0.710000 1.000 0.070 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500232001 15 Oat, flour-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 0.070 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500233000 15 Oat, groats/rolled oats 0.710000 1.000 0.070 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500233001 15 Oat, groats/rolled oats-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 0.070 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500323000 15 Rice, white 1.050000 0.100 1.000 

1500323001 15 Rice, white-babyfood 1.050000 0.100 1.000 

1500324000 15 Rice, brown 1.050000 1.000 1.000 

1500324001 15 Rice, brown-babyfood 1.050000 1.000 1.000 
Page 20 of 30

1500325000 15 Rice, flour 1.050000 0.100 1.000 

1500325001 15 Rice, flour-babyfood 1.050000 0.100 1.000 

1500326000 15 Rice, bran 1.050000 2.300 1.000 

1500326001 15 Rice, bran-babyfood 1.050000 2.300 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500328000 15 Rye, grain 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500329000 15 Rye, flour 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat

1500344000 15 Sorghum, grain 1.000000 1.000 0.150 from c

 Full comment: from corn

1500345000 15 Sorghum, syrup 1.000000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from corn

1500381000 15 Triticale, flour 0.710000 0.600 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat and wheat flour

1500381001 15 Triticale, flour-babyfood 0.710000 0.600 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat and wheat flour

1500401000 15 Wheat, grain 0.710000 1.000 0.140 

1500401001 15 Wheat, grain-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 0.140 

1500402000 15 Wheat, flour 0.710000 0.600 0.140 

1500402001 15 Wheat, flour-babyfood 0.710000 0.600 0.140 

1500403000 15 Wheat, germ 0.710000 2.600 0.140 

1500404000 15 Wheat, bran 0.710000 2.300 0.140 

1500405000 15 Wild rice 1.050000 1.000 1.000 

1800002000 18 Alfalfa, seed 0.110000 1.000 1.000 

1901028000 19A Basil, fresh leaves 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901028001 19A Basil, fresh leaves-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901029000 19A Basil, dried leaves 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901029001 19A Basil, dried leaves-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901118000 19A Cilantro, leaves 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901118001 19A Cilantro, leaves-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901144000 19A Dillweed 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901184000 19A Herbs, other 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901184001 19A Herbs, other-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901202000 19A Lemongrass 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901220000 19A Marjoram 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901220001 19A Marjoram-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901249000 19A Parsley, dried leaves 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901249001 19A Parsley, dried leaves-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1901334000 19A Savory 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint per ChemSAC

1902105000 19B Cinnamon 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902105001 19B Cinnamon-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902119000 19B Coriander, seed 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902119001 19B Coriander, seed-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902143000 19B Dill, seed 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902274000 19B Pepper, black and white 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902274001 19B Pepper, black and white-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902354000 19B Spices, other 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from mint

1902354001 19B Spices, other-babyfood 2.140000 1.000 1.000 from m
Page 21 of 30

 Full comment: from mint

2001163000 20A Flax seed, oil 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2001319000 20A Rapeseed, oil 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2001319001 20A Rapeseed, oil-babyfood 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2001336000 20A Sesame, seed 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain

2001336001 20A Sesame, seed-babyfood 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain

2001337000 20A Sesame, oil 0.710000 0.005 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain + soy oil factor

2001337001 20A Sesame, oil-babyfood 0.710000 0.005 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain + soy oil factor

2002330000 20B Safflower, oil 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2002330001 20B Safflower, oil-babyfood 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2002364000 20B Sunflower, seed 0.034000 1.000 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans

2002365000 20B Sunflower, oil 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2002365001 20B Sunflower, oil-babyfood 0.034000 0.005 1.000 from s

 Full comment: from soybeans +soy oil factor

2003114001 20C Coconut, oil-babyfood 0.041000 0.005 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples and soy oil factor

2003128000 20C Cottonseed, oil 0.100000 0.005 1.000 soy oi

 Full comment: soy oil factor

2003128001 20C Cottonseed, oil-babyfood 0.100000 0.005 1.000 soy oi

 Full comment: soy oil factor

2100228000 21 Mushroom 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

3100044000 31 Beef, meat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100044001 31 Beef, meat-babyfood 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100045000 31 Beef, meat, dried 0.006000 1.920 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100046000 31 Beef, meat byproducts 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100046001 31 Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100047000 31 Beef, fat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100047001 31 Beef, fat-babyfood 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100048000 31 Beef, kidney 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100049000 31 Beef, liver 0.007000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3100049001 31 Beef, liver-babyfood 0.007000 1.000 1.000 from d

 Full comment: from dairy cattle

3200169000 32 Goat, meat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3200170000 32 Goat, meat byproducts 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3200171000 32 Goat, fat 0.008000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3200172000 32 Goat, kidney 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3200173000 32 Goat, liver 0.007000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3300189000 33 Horse, meat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3400290000 34 Pork, meat 0.004800 1.000 1.000 

3400290001 34 Pork, meat-babyfood 0.004800 1.000 1.000 

3400291000 34 Pork, skin 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3400292000 34 Pork, meat byproducts 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3400292001 34 Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3400293000 34 Pork, fat 0.004800 1.000 1.000 

3400293001 34 Pork, fat-babyfood 0.004800 1.000 1.000 
Page 22 of 30

3400294000 34 Pork, kidney 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3400295000 34 Pork, liver 0.005000 1.000 1.000 

3500339000 35 Sheep, meat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500339001 35 Sheep, meat-babyfood 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500340000 35 Sheep, meat byproducts 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500341000 35 Sheep, fat 0.008000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500341001 35 Sheep, fat-babyfood 0.008000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500342000 35 Sheep, kidney 0.014000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3500343000 35 Sheep, liver 0.007000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3600222000 36 Milk, fat 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600222001 36 Milk, fat-baby food/infant formu 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600223000 36 Milk, nonfat solids 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600223001 36 Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600224000 36 Milk, water 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600224001 36 Milk, water-babyfood/infant form 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3600225001 36 Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/ 0.003000 1.000 1.000 

3800221000 38 Meat, game 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

3900312000 39 Rabbit, meat 0.006000 1.000 1.000 from b

 Full comment: from beef cattle

4000093000 40 Chicken, meat 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000093001 40 Chicken, meat-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000094000 40 Chicken, liver 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000095000 40 Chicken, meat byproducts 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000095001 40 Chicken, meat byproducts-babyfoo 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000096000 40 Chicken, fat 0.022000 1.000 1.000 

4000096001 40 Chicken, fat-babyfood 0.022000 1.000 1.000 

4000097000 40 Chicken, skin 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

4000097001 40 Chicken, skin-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000382000 50 Turkey, meat 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000382001 50 Turkey, meat-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000383000 50 Turkey, liver 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000383001 50 Turkey, liver-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000384000 50 Turkey, meat byproducts 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000384001 50 Turkey, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000385000 50 Turkey, fat 0.022000 1.000 1.000 

5000385001 50 Turkey, fat-babyfood 0.022000 1.000 1.000 

5000386000 50 Turkey, skin 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

5000386001 50 Turkey, skin-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

6000301000 60 Poultry, other, meat 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

6000302000 60 Poultry, other, liver 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

6000303000 60 Poultry, other, meat byproducts 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

6000304000 60 Poultry, other, fat 0.022000 1.000 1.000 

6000305000 60 Poultry, other, skin 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000145000 70 Egg, whole 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000145001 70 Egg, whole-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000146000 70 Egg, white 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000146001 70 Egg, white (solids)-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000147000 70 Egg, yolk 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

7000147001 70 Egg, yolk-babyfood 0.018000 1.000 1.000 

8000157000 80 Fish-freshwater finfish 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

8000158000 80 Fish-freshwater finfish, farm ra 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

8000161000 80 Fish-shellfish, crustacean 1.000000 1.000 1.000 

8000162000 80 Fish-shellfish, mollusc 4.000000 1.000 1.000 

8601000000 86A Water, direct, all sources 0.031000 1.000 1.000 

8602000000 86B Water, indirect, all sources 0.031000 1.000 1.000 

9500001000 O Acerola 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500006000 O Amaranth, grain 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain

9500016000 O Artichoke, globe 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

9500019000 O Asparagus 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

9500020000 O Avocado 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a
Page 23 of 30

 Full comment: from apples

9500022000 O Bamboo, shoots 2.200000 1.000 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from grass

9500023000 O Banana 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500023001 O Banana-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500024000 O Banana, dried 0.041000 3.900 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500024001 O Banana, dried-babyfood 0.041000 3.900 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500054000 O Belgium endive 0.320000 1.000 1.000 from h

 Full comment: from head lettuce

9500060000 O Breadfruit 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500073000 O Cactus 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from l

 Full comment: from leafy greens

9500074000 O Canistel 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500077000 O Carob 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500089000 O Cherimoya 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500109000 O Cocoa bean, chocolate 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500110000 O Cocoa bean, powder 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500111000 O Coconut, meat 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500111001 O Coconut, meat-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500112000 O Coconut, dried 0.041000 2.100 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500113000 O Coconut, milk 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500114000 O Coconut, oil 0.041000 0.005 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples and soy oil factor

9500115000 O Coffee, roasted bean 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500116000 O Coffee, instant 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500141000 O Date 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500151000 O Feijoa 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500153000 O Fig 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500154000 O Fig, dried 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500177000 O Grape, leaves 0.520000 1.000 0.990 

9500178000 O Grape, raisin 0.520000 4.400 0.940 

9500183000 O Guava 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500183001 O Guava-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500186000 O Honey 0.003000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from milk

9500186001 O Honey-babyfood 0.003000 1.000 1.000 from m

 Full comment: from milk

9500188000 O Hop 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

9500193000 O Jackfruit 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500209000 O Longan 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500211000 O Lychee 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500212000 O Lychee, dried 0.041000 1.850 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500214000 O Mamey apple 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500215000 O Mango 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples
Page 24 of 30

9500215001 O Mango-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500216000 O Mango, dried 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500217000 O Mango, juice 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500217001 O Mango, juice-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500218000 O Maple, sugar 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500219000 O Maple syrup 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500235000 O Olive 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500236000 O Olive, oil 0.041000 0.005 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples +soy oil factor

9500243000 O Palm heart, leaves 2.200000 1.000 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from grass

9500244000 O Palm, oil 2.200000 0.005 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from grass + soy oil factor

9500244001 O Palm, oil-babyfood 2.200000 0.005 1.000 from g

 Full comment: from grass + soy oil factor

9500245000 O Papaya 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500245001 O Papaya-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500246000 O Papaya, dried 0.041000 1.800 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500247000 O Papaya, juice 0.041000 1.500 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500252000 O Passionfruit 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500252001 O Passionfruit-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500253000 O Passionfruit, juice 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500253001 O Passionfruit, juice-babyfood 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500254000 O Pawpaw 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500263000 O Peanut 0.080000 1.000 0.420 from p

 Full comment: from potato

9500264000 O Peanut, butter 0.080000 1.890 0.420 from p

 Full comment: from potato

9500265000 O Peanut, oil 0.080000 0.005 0.420 from p

 Full comment: from potato + soy oil factor

9500275000 O Peppermint 2.140000 1.000 1.000 

9500276000 O Peppermint, oil 2.140000 0.001 1.000 

9500277000 O Persimmon 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500279000 O Pineapple 0.500000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cucurbits

9500279001 O Pineapple-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cucurbits

9500280000 O Pineapple, dried 0.500000 5.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cucurbits

9500281000 O Pineapple, juice 0.500000 1.700 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cucurbits

9500281001 O Pineapple, juice-babyfood 0.500000 1.700 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cucurbits

9500283000 O Plantain 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500284000 O Plantain, dried 0.041000 3.900 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500289000 O Pomegranate 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500306000 O Psyllium, seed 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain

9500311000 O Quinoa, grain 0.710000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from wheat grain

9500333000 O Sapote, Mamey 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples
Page 25 of 30

9500346000 O Soursop 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500351000 O Spanish lime 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500352000 O Spearmint 2.140000 1.000 1.000 

9500353000 O Spearmint, oil 2.140000 0.001 1.000 

9500358000 O Starfruit 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500361000 O Sugar apple 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500363000 O Sugarcane, molasses 2.200000 2.400 0.540 grass 

 Full comment: grass + sugar beet molasses factor

9500363001 O Sugarcane, molasses-babyfood 2.200000 2.400 0.540 grass 

 Full comment: grass + sugar beet molasses factor

9500368000 O Tamarind 0.041000 1.000 1.000 from p

 Full comment: from peaches (high tree fruit)

9500372000 O Tea, dried 0.330000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

9500373000 O Tea, instant 0.330000 1.000 1.000 from c

 Full comment: from cane berries

9500390000 O Vinegar 0.025000 1.000 1.000 from a

 Full comment: from apples

9500397000 O Water chestnut 5.000000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from water

9500398000 O Watercress 5.000000 1.000 1.000 from w

 Full comment: from water
Page 26 of 30

Attachment 2. Chronic Food Plus Water Output File

Company Name Ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for ENDOTHALL NHANES 2003-2008 2-day

Residue file name: C:\Documents and Settings\stadayon\My Documents\Work in 

Progress\Endothall\ENDOTHALL12DEC2012.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date 12-12-2012/07:11:26 Residue file dated: 12-12-2012/06:41:12

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .007 mg/kg bw/day

===============================================================================

 Total exposure by population subgroup

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Exposure

 -----------------------------------

 Population mg/kg Percent of 

 Subgroup body wt/day Rfd 

-------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------

Total US Population 0.002229 31.8%

Hispanic 0.002138 30.5%

Non-Hisp-White 0.002250 32.1%

Non-Hisp-Black 0.002002 28.6%

Non-Hisp-Other 0.002718 38.8%

Nursing Infants 0.002324 33.2%

Non-Nursing Infants 0.005316 75.9%

Female 13+ PREG 0.002002 28.6%

Children 1-6 0.005049 72.1%

Children 7-12 0.002351 33.6%

Male 13-19 0.001448 20.7%

Female 13-19/NP 0.001521 21.7%

Male 20+ 0.001902 27.2%

Female 20+/NP 0.001997 28.5%

Seniors 55+ 0.001976 28.2%

All Infants 0.004392 62.7%

Female 13-50 0.001871 26.7%

Children 1-2 0.006314 90.2%

Children 3-5 0.004575 65.4%

Children 6-12 0.002554 36.5%

Youth 13-19 0.001483 21.2%

Adults 20-49 0.001932 27.6%

Adults 50-99 0.001983 28.3%

Female 13-49 0.001874 26.8%
Page 27 of 30

Attachment 3. Percent Crop Treated memo from BEAD

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

NOV 19 2012

OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND 

TOXIC SUBSTANCES

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Updated Estimates of Percent Commodity Exposed to Endothall via Irrigation

(DP# 369862, 369863)

FROM: Derek Berwald, Ph.D., Economist \M..\

Economic Analysis Branch '--..J

1

Bill Phillips, II, Ph.D., Agronomist 

Biological Analysis Branch 

Biological and Economic Analysis

THRU:

TO: Seyed Tadayon, Chemist Risk

Assessment Branch V Health

Effects Division (7509P)

Product Review Panel: October 23, 2012

This document provides estimates of the percent of various commodities that could be exposed to

endothall via irrigation water. It updates previous estimates for the percentage of crops that may

be exposed to endothall which EPA is reasonably certain will not be exceeded (Phillips and 

Berwald, 2009 [attached]). Crops will be exposed to endothall by irrigation water, so the 

maximum percent that could be exposed is the maximum share of production from irrigated land, 

which is estimated here. This information is needed for a dietary risk assessment.
Page 28 of 30

Estimates,shown inTable 1, are derived using two methods. Where data on irrigated and 

dryland production are available, the estimates are based on the share of production from 

irrigated land, which is the maximum percent of the crop that could be exposed to endothall. 

These data were reported in the 2007 Census of Agriculture (USDA 2009). The estimates 

provided will be an upper bound on the percentage of crops that may have been irrigated with 

water from canals that were treated with endothall, because some of the irrigated crops are not 

grown in areas where endothall will be used. For these crops (barley, com, dry edible beans, 

peanuts, oats, rice, sorghum, soybeans, sugarbeets, sugarcane, and wheat), the estimates are 

unchanged from the earlier memo because more recent irrigation data are unavailable. The 

irrigation data for 2011 should be available soon; however the release date is unknown.

Other crops that are important to the dietary risk assessment do not have data on irrigated and nonirrigated production available. The figures provided in Table 1 are the share of production from

2011 grown in 17 western states where irrigation is used extensively and endothall use will be

concentrated. These are states where substantial amounts of water are transported through open

canal systems to be used for irrigation. It is these systems where weed control is important, and

endothall is likely to be used. Estimates based on share of total production in the 17 western states

are provided for apples, grapes, oats, green peas, wheat, watermelon, and strawberries. Except for

green peas, where the earlier estimate was inerror, these maximum estimates have

not changed much. The largest changes were in apples, where the maximum estimate of treated 

crops used for juice or cider fell by 9 percentage points, while the estimate of apples for . 

processing fell by 7 points. Watermelon, where the maximum estimate fell by 6 percentage 

points, was another relatively large change. The most important change from the earlier memo 

was green peas, where the current estimate is up to 43% of the crop that could potentially be 

treated. This is substantially higher than the prior estimate of 11 percent, which was a 

calculation error.
Page 29 of 30

Estimated

Percent Crop

Share of Share of Treated for

Irrigated

Production

Production

in West 1

Dietary Risk

Assessment

Apple n/a 62 62

Fresh market n/a 76 76

Processing n/a 37 37

Juice and n/a 40 40

Cider

Canned n/a 14 14

Barley for grain 36 36

Com for grain 19 19

Dry Beans

2 32 32

Grape n/a 95 95

Fresh market n/a 99 99

Processing n/a 94 94

Green Peas n/a 43

2 43

Oats for grain 7 37 7

Peanut for nuts 42 42

Rice 100 100

Sorghum for grain 15 15

Soybean for beans · 9 9

Strawberry n/a 90 90

Fresh market n/a 88 88

Processing n/a 100 100

Sugarbeet for sugar 37 37

Sugarcane for sugar 54 54

Watermelon n/a 33 33

Wheat for grain 14 73 14

Source: USDA 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2009, EPA calculations.

1. Based on share of2011 total production in Arizona, California, Colorado, 

Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, 

Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 

Estimates are only provided for certain crops.

2. Note: largest change from 2008 to 2011, due to error in data entry in earlier

table
Page 30 of 30

References

USDA 2012a. US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Vegetables

2011 Summary. January 2012. Available here: 

http://usda01.library.comell.edu/usdalcurrent/VegeSumm/VegeSumm-01-26-2012.txt

USDA 2012b. US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Noncitrus Fruits

and Nuts 2011 Summary. July 2012. Available here: 

http://usda01.library.comell.edu/usdalcurrent/NoncFruiNu/NoncFruiNu-07-06-2012.txt

USDA 2012c. US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crop Production

2011 Summary. January 2012. Available here: 

http://usda01.library.cornell.edu/usda/current/CropProdSu/CropProdSu-01-12-2012.txt

USDA 2009. US Department of Agriculture, 2007 Census of Agriculture United States Summary and

State Data Volume 1, Geographic Area Series, Part 51. February 2009, updated September 2009. 

Available here: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full Report/Volume 1, 

Chapter 2 U S State Level/st99 2 032 032.pdf

US EPA, 2009. Phillips, Bill II, and Derek Berwald, BEAD Memo: Estimates of Crop Irrigation for

Endothall Registration (DP# 369862, 369863), October 7, 2009. (See Attached)