No 

No. 99-030

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

1999 MT 120N

FRANCIS STANG and

DONNA STANG,

Plaintiffs and Respondents, 

v.

ANGELA KNAUER, 

f/k/a ANGELA P. ALEXANDER,

f/k/a ANGELA P. CANUP,

f/k/a ANGELA PEARL CANUP, 

Defendant and Appellant.

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APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Third Judicial District,

In and for the County of Granite,

The Honorable Ted L. Mizner, Judge presiding.

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

Edmund F. Sheehy, Jr., Cannon & Sheehy, Helena, Montana

For Respondent:

Joseph C. Connors, Jr., Connors Law Firm, Anaconda, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: April 15, 1999

Decided: May 28, 1999

Filed:

__________________________________________

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Clerk

Justice William E. Hunt, Sr. delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1. Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal 

Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent but shall be 

filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and shall be 

reported by case title, Supreme Court cause number and result to the State Reporter 

Publishing Company and to West Group in the quarterly table of noncitable cases 

issued by this Court.

¶2. Angela Knauer, f/k/a Angela Alexander, f/k/a Angela P. Canup, f/k/a Angela 

Pearl Canup (Appellant) appeals from the September 30, 1998 order entered by the 

Third Judicial District Court, Granite County, granting summary judgment in favor 

of Francis and Donna Stang (the Stangs). We affirm.

¶3. The sole issue on appeal is whether the District Court erred in determining that 

the Stangs have a valid mortgage against certain real property owned by Appellant.

¶4. The standard of review in appeals from summary judgment rulings is de novo. 

Mead v. M.S.B., Inc. (1994), 264 Mont. 465, 470, 872 P.2d 782, 785. The parties agree 

that there exist no genuine issues of material fact and that only an interpretation of 

law is at issue.

¶5. This suit involves a residence on a tract of land (Tract A) once owned by 

Appellant and her now ex-husband, Morris Canup (Morris). The marriage of 

Appellant and Morris was dissolved in April 1993. In that same month, pursuant to 

the couple's property settlement agreement, Appellant quitclaimed her interest in 

Tract A to Morris. Although Appellant's name on the title to Tract A was "Angela A. 

Canup," Appellant signed the quitclaim deed using the name "Angela Pearl Canup." 

Morris waited more than two years to record the quitclaim deed.

¶6. During this period between transfer of the quitclaim deed and its recording, 

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Morris borrowed $7000 from the Stangs and placed a mortgage on Tract A as 

security for the loan. Also during this interim period, Appellant filed suit in District 

Court to set aside the property settlement agreement she had entered into with 

Morris on the ground that she had been coerced by Morris into signing it.

¶7. The Stangs recorded their mortgage on February 17, 1995. Morris recorded the 

quitclaim deed on June 15, 1995. On December 13, 1995, the District Court set aside 

the property settlement agreement on the basis of fraud, declared the quitclaim deed 

null and void, and awarded Tract A to Appellant. Appellant then attempted to sell 

Tract A without satisfying the mortgage. On September 26, 1996, the Stangs brought 

this action seeking a declaration that their mortgage on Tract A was valid and an 

injunction restraining Appellant from selling Tract A without satisfying the 

mortgage. On cross-motions for summary judgment, the court held in favor of the 

Stangs. 

¶8. On appeal, Appellant contends that the mortgage on Tract A executed by Morris 

is invalid because the quitclaim deed transferring Appellant's interest in Tract A to 

Morris is invalid. In support of her contention, Appellant cites Hodgkiss v. 

Northland Petroleum Consol. (1937), 104 Mont. 328, 333, for the rule that "a 

conveyance to a fictitious person is void for want of proper parties." Appellant notes 

that the title to Tract A listed "Angela A. Canup" as the legal owner, whereas the 

quitclaim deed listed "Angela Pearl Canup" as the grantor. Appellant asserts that 

"Angela Pearl Canup" was a fictitious person and argues that, according to 

Hodgkiss, the transfer of Tract A from "Angela Pearl Canup" to Morris was void for 

want of proper parties. We disagree.

¶9. Appellant's reliance on Hodgkiss is misplaced. The Court in Hodgkiss conceded 

the above quoted rule but added, "[w]here, however, a contract is made with an 

identified individual under an assumed name, all are bound by the contract." 

Hodgkiss, 104 Mont. at 333. The Court held:

[A] contract or obligation may be entered into by a person by any name he may choose to 

assume. All that the law looks to is the identity of the individual, and, when that is 

ascertained and clearly established, the act will be binding on him and on others.

Hodgkiss, 104 Mont. at 333. The parties do not dispute that the individual who signed the 

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quitclaim deed was Appellant. Because Appellant's identity was clearly established, we 

determine that the use of the name "Angela Pearl Canup" instead of the name "Angela A. 

Canup" did not invalidate the quitclaim deed.

¶10. Next, Appellant contends that the mortgage on Tract A is invalid because it was 

recorded before the quitclaim deed was recorded. Again, we disagree. Unrecorded 

instruments are valid between the parties and those persons who have notice thereof. 

Section 70-21-102, MCA. We reject Appellant's argument that the Stangs had no 

notice of Morris' ownership interest in Tract A. The record clearly demonstrates that 

the Stangs had actual notice of Morris' ownership interest in the property before 

Morris recorded the quitclaim deed. Further, the mortgage attached and became a 

valid lien when the quitclaim deed was filed, which occurred before the District 

Court issued its order finding the quitclaim deed null and void. We determine that 

the recording of the quitclaim deed after the recording of the mortgage did not affect 

the validity of the mortgage.

¶11. Lastly, Appellant argues that the court erred in applying § 70-20-404, MCA, 

and holding that the Stangs were encumbrancers in good faith and for value, and 

that their mortgage was not to be impaired by a fraudulent conveyance. Appellant 

states that § 70-20-404, MCA, does not apply because no argument was raised 

concerning whether Appellant and Morris executed the quitclaim deed with an intent 

to defraud.

¶12. First, the fact that the Stangs did not specifically raise the bona fide purchaser 

doctrine in their complaint is of no consequence. The Stangs prayed for "such other 

and further relief and declaration of the rights and legal relations of the parties . . . as 

the court may deem just and proper . . . ." Second, whether Morris had intent to 

defraud is irrelevant to whether the bona fide purchaser doctrine applies to this case. 

The bona fide purchaser doctrine expressed in § 70-20-404, MCA, protects grantees 

who are bona fide purchasers for value. See Benson v. Diehl (1987), 228 Mont. 199, 

203-04, 745 P.2d 315, 317-18. The bona fide purchaser doctrine expresses the rule 

that if a person has purchased or encumbranced real property for a valuable 

consideration, without knowledge of the fraud that had been practiced, and without 

knowledge of facts or circumstances sufficient to put an ordinarily prudent person 

upon inquiry as to the manner in which the seller obtained the land, then the 

purchaser must prevail, and the defrauded party's only remedy is an action against 

the seller to recover the damage the purchaser has suffered. Benson, 228 Mont. at 

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203-04, 745 P.2d at 317-18.

¶13. Upon the facts presented, there is no question that the Stangs were 

encumbrancers in good faith, did not have notice of the fraudulent quitclaim deed, 

and gave valuable consideration (the $7000 loan) for the mortgage. Therefore, the 

protection of § 70-20-404, MCA, applies. Summary judgment for the Stangs was 

proper.

¶14. Affirmed.

/S/ WILLIAM E. HUNT, SR.

We Concur:

/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART

/S/ KARLA M. GRAY

/S/ JAMES C. NELSON

/S/ JIM REGNIER 

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