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Subpart L—Fluorinated Gas Production

§ 98.120 Definition of the source category.

(a) The fluorinated gas production source category consists 

of processes that produce a fluorinated gas from any raw 

material or feedstock chemical, except for processes that 

generate HFC–23 during the production of HCFC–22.

(b) To produce a fluorinated gas means to manufacture a 

fluorinated gas from any raw material or feedstock chemical. 

Producing a fluorinated gas includes producing a fluorinated GHG 

as defined at §98.410(b). Producing a fluorinated gas also 

includes the manufacture of a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) or 

hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) from any raw material or 

feedstock chemical, including manufacture of a CFC or HCFC as an 

isolated intermediate for use in a process that will result in 

the transformation of the CFC or HCFC either at or outside of 

the production facility. Producing a fluorinated gas does not 

include the reuse or recycling of a fluorinated gas, the 

creation of HFC–23 during the production of HCFC–22, the 

creation of intermediates that are created and transformed in a 

single process with no storage of the intermediates, or the 

creation of fluorinated GHGs that are released or destroyed at 

the production facility before the production measurement in 

§98.414(a).

§ 98.121 Reporting threshold.
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You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your 

facility contains a fluorinated gas production process that 

generates or emits fluorinated GHG and the facility meets the 

requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (a)(2). To calculate GHG 

emissions for comparison to the 25,000 metric ton CO2e per year 

emission threshold in §98.2(a)(2), calculate process emissions 

from fluorinated gas production using uncontrolled GHG 

emissions.

§ 98.122 GHGs to report.

(a) You must report CO2, CH4, and N2O combustion emissions 

from each stationary combustion unit. You must calculate and 

report these emissions under subpart C of this part (General 

Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources) by following the 

requirements of subpart C.

(b) You must report under subpart O of this part (HCFC–22 

Production and HFC–23 Destruction) the emissions of HFC–23 from 

HCFC–22 production processes and HFC–23 destruction processes. 

Do not report the generation and emissions of HFC–23 from HCFC–

22 production under this subpart.

(c) You must report the total mass of each fluorinated GHG 

emitted from:

(1) Each fluorinated gas production process and all 

fluorinated gas production processes combined.
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(2) Each fluorinated gas transformation process that is not 

part of a fluorinated gas production process and all such 

fluorinated gas transformation processes combined, except report 

separately fluorinated GHG emissions from transformation 

processes where a fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at 

another facility.

(3) Each fluorinated gas destruction process that is not 

part of a fluorinated gas production process or a fluorinated 

gas transformation process and all such fluorinated gas 

destruction processes combined.

(4) Venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers 

returned from the field.

§ 98.123 Calculating GHG emissions.

For fluorinated gas production and transformation 

processes, you must calculate the fluorinated GHG emissions from 

each process using either the mass balance method specified in 

paragraph (b) of this section or the emission factor or emission 

calculation factor method specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and 

(e) of this section, as appropriate. For destruction processes 

that destroy fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced” as 

defined at §98.410(b), you must calculate emissions using the 

procedures in paragraph (f) of this section. For venting of 

residual gas from containers (e.g., cylinder heels), you must 
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calculate emissions using the procedures in paragraph (g) of 

this section.

(a) Default GWP value. In paragraphs (b)(1) and (c)(1) of 

this section and in §98.124(b)(8) and (c)(2), use a GWP of 2,000 

for fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in Table A–1 

to subpart A of this part, except as provided in paragraph 

§98.123(c)(1)(vi). Do not report CO2e emissions under §98.3(c)(4) 

for fluorinated GHGs that do not have GWPs listed in Table A–1 

to subpart A of this part.

(b) Mass balance method. Before using the mass balance 

approach to estimate your fluorinated GHG emissions from a 

process, you must ensure that the process and the equipment and 

methods used to measure it meet either the error limits 

described in this paragraph and calculated under paragraph 

(b)(1) of this section or the requirements specified in 

paragraph §98.124(b)(8). If you choose to calculate the error 

limits, you must estimate the absolute and relative errors 

associated with using the mass balance approach on that process 

using Equations L–1 through L–4 of this section in conjunction 

with Equations L–5 through L–10 of this section. You may use the 

mass-balance approach to estimate emissions from the process if 

this calculation results in an absolute error of less than or 

equal to 3,000 metric tons CO2e per year or a relative error of 

less than or equal to 30 percent of the estimated CO2e 
Page 5 of 117

fluorinated GHG emissions. If you do not meet either of the 

error limits or the requirements of paragraph §98.124(b)(8), you 

must use the emission factor approach detailed in paragraphs 

(c), (d), and (e) of this section to estimate emissions from the 

process.

(1) Error calculation. To perform the calculation, you must 

first calculate the absolute and relative errors associated with 

the quantities calculated using either Equations L–7 through L–

10 of this section or Equation L–17 of this section. 

Alternatively, you may estimate these errors based on the 

variability of previous process measurements (e.g., the 

variability of measurements of stream concentrations), provided 

these measurements are representative of the current process and 

current measurement devices and techniques. Once errors have 

been calculated for the quantities in these equations, those 

errors must be used to calculate the errors in Equations L–6 and 

L–5 of this section. You may ignore the errors associated with 

Equations L–11, L–12, and L–13 of this section.

(i) Where the measured quantity is a mass, the error in the 

mass must be equated to the accuracy or precision (whichever is 

larger) of the flowmeter, scale, or combination of volumetric 

and density measurements at the flow rate or mass measured.

(ii) Where the measured quantity is a concentration of a 

stream component, the error of the concentration must be equated 
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to the accuracy or precision (whichever is larger) with which 

you estimate the mean concentration of that stream component, 

accounting for the variability of the process, the frequency of 

the measurements, and the accuracy or precision (whichever is 

larger) of the analytical technique used to measure the 

concentration at the concentration measured. If the variability 

of process measurements is used to estimate the error, this 

variability shall be assumed to account both for the variability 

of the process and the precision of the analytical technique. 

Use standard statistical techniques such as the student's t 

distribution to estimate the error of the mean of the 

concentration measurements as a function of process variability 

and frequency of measurement.

(iii) Equation L–1 of this section provides the general 

formula for calculating the absolute errors of sums and 

differences where the sum, S, is the summation of variables 

measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., S = a + b + c):

Where:

eSA = Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 

95 percent confidence interval.

ea = Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.

eb = Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.

ec = Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.
Page 7 of 117

(iv) Equation L–2 of this section provides the general 

formula for calculating the relative errors of sums and 

differences:

Where:

eSR = Relative error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 

95 percent confidence interval.

eSA = Absolute error of the sum, expressed as one half of a 

95 percent confidence interval.

a+b+c = Sum of the variables measured.

(v) Equation L–3 of this section provides the general 

formula for calculating the absolute errors of products (e.g., 

flow rates of GHGs calculated as the product of the flow rate of 

the stream and the concentration of the GHG in the stream), 

where the product, P, is the result of multiplying the variables 

measured, a, b, c, etc. (e.g., P = a*b*c):

Where:

ePA = Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half 

of a 95 percent confidence interval.

ea = Relative error of a, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.

eb = Relative error of b, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.

ec = Relative error of c, expressed as one half of a 95 

percent confidence interval.

(vi) Equation L–4 of this section provides the general 

formula for calculating the relative errors of products:
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Where:

ePR = Relative error of the product, expressed as one half 

of a 95 percent confidence interval.

ePA = Absolute error of the product, expressed as one half 

of a 95 percent confidence interval.

a*b*c = Product of the variables measured.

(vii) Calculate the absolute error of the emissions 

estimate in terms of CO2e by performing a preliminary estimate of 

the annual CO2e emissions of the process using the method in 

paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of this section. Multiply this result by 

the relative error calculated for the mass of fluorine emitted 

from the process in Equation L–6 of this section.

(viii) To estimate the annual CO2e emissions of the process 

for use in the error estimate, apply the methods set forth in 

paragraphs (b)(2) through (b)(7) and (b)(9) through (b)(16) of 

this section to representative process measurements. If these 

process measurements represent less than one year of typical 

process activity, adjust the estimated emissions to account for 

one year of typical process activity. To estimate the terms FERd, 

FEP, and FEBk for use in the error estimate for Equations L–11, 

L–12, and L–13 of this section, you must either use emission 

testing, monitoring of emitted streams, and/or engineering 

calculations or assessments, or in the alternative assume that 

all fluorine is emitted in the form of the fluorinated GHG that 
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has the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that occur in 

more than trace concentrations in the process. To convert the 

fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2 e, use Equation A–1 of §98.2. 

For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to 

subpart A of this part, use a default GWP of 2,000.

(2) The total mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted annually 

from each fluorinated gas production and each fluorinated GHG 

transformation process must be estimated by using Equation L–5 

of this section.

Where:

EFGHGf = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted annually 

from production or transformation process i (metric 

tons).

ERp-FGHGf = Total mass of fluorinated GHG reactant f emitted 

from production process i over the period p (metric 

tons, calculated in Equation L–11 of this section).

EPp-FGHGf = Total mass of the fluorinated GHG product f 

emitted from production process i over the period p 

(metric tons, calculated in Equation L–12 of this 

section).

EBp-FGHGf = Total mass of fluorinated GHG by-product f 

emitted from production process i over the period p 

(metric tons, calculated in Equation L–13 of this 

section).

n = Number of concentration and flow measurement periods 

for the year.

(3) The total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over 

the period p must be estimated at least monthly by calculating 

the difference between the total mass of fluorine in the 
Page 10 of 117

reactant(s) (or inputs, for processes that do not involve a 

chemical reaction) and the total mass of fluorine in the product 

(or outputs, for processes that do not involve a chemical 

reaction), accounting for the total mass of fluorine in any 

destroyed or recaptured streams that contain reactants, 

products, or by-products (or inputs or outputs). This 

calculation must be performed using Equation L–6 of this 

section. An element other than fluorine may be used in the massbalance equation, provided the element occurs in all of the 

fluorinated GHGs fed into or generated by the process. In this 

case, the mass fractions of the element in the reactants, 

products, and by-products must be calculated as appropriate for 

that element.

Where:

EF = Total mass of fluorine emitted from process i over the 

period p (metric tons).

Rd = Total mass of the fluorine-containing reactant d that 

is fed into process i over the period p (metric tons).

P = Total mass of the fluorine-containing product produced 

by process i over the period p (metric tons).

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in 

Equation L–14 of this section.

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated 

in Equation L–15 of this section.

FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured 

streams from process i containing fluorine-containing 
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reactants, products, and by-products over the period 

p, calculated in Equation L–7 of this section.

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into 

process i.

(4) The mass of total fluorine in destroyed or recaptured 

streams containing fluorine-containing reactants, products, and 

by-products must be estimated at least monthly using Equation L–

7 of this section unless you use the alternative approach 

provided in paragraph (b)(15) of this section.

Where:

FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured 

streams from process i containing fluorine-containing 

reactants, products, and by-products over the period 

p.

Pj = Mass of the fluorine-containing product removed from 

process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section).

Bkj = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from 

process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section).

Bkl = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from 

process i in stream l and recaptured over the period 

p.

Rdj = Mass of fluorine-containing reactant d removed from 

process i in stream j and destroyed over the period p 

(calculated in Equation L–8 or L–9 of this section).

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in 

Equation L–14 of this section.

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated 

in Equation L–15 of this section.

MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculated 

in Equation L–16 of this section.
Page 12 of 117

q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.

x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in 

process i.

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into 

process i.

(5) The mass of each fluorinated GHG removed from process i 

in stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, Bkj, or 

Rdj, as applicable) must be estimated by applying the destruction 

efficiency of the device that has been demonstrated for the 

fluorinated GHG f to fluorinated GHG f using Equation L–8 of 

this section:

Where:

MFGHGfj = Mass of fluorinated GHG f removed from process i in 

stream j and destroyed over the period p. (This may be 

Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable.)

DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been 

demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j 

(fraction).

CFGHGfj = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f in 

stream j removed from process i and fed into the 

destruction device over the period p. If this 

concentration is only a trace concentration, cF–GHGfjis 

equal to zero.

Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into 

the destruction device over the period p (metric 

tons).

(6) The mass of each fluorine-containing compound that is 

not a fluorinated GHG and that is removed from process i in 

stream j and destroyed over the period p (i.e., Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, 
Page 13 of 117

as applicable) must be estimated using Equation L–9 of this 

section.

Where:

MFCgj = Mass of non-GHG fluorine-containing compound g removed 

from process i in stream j and destroyed over the 

period p. (This may be Pj, Bkj, or Rdj, as applicable).

cFCgj = Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorinecontaining compound g in stream j removed from process 

i and fed into the destruction device over the period 

p. If this concentration is only a trace 

concentration, cFCgjis equal to zero.

Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into 

the destruction device over the period p (metric 

tons).

(7) The mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed 

from process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p must 

be estimated using Equation L–10 of this section:

Where:

Bkl = Mass of fluorine-containing by-product k removed from 

process i in stream l and recaptured over the period p 

(metric tons).

cBkl = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorine-containing 

by-product k in stream l removed from process i and 

recaptured over the period p. If this concentration is 

only a trace concentration, cBklis equal to zero.

Sl = Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured 

over the period p (metric tons).

(8) To estimate the terms FERd, FEP, and FEBkfor Equations 

L–11, L–12, and L–13 of this section, you must assume that the 

total mass of fluorine emitted, EF, estimated in Equation L–6 of 
Page 14 of 117

this section, occurs in the form of the fluorinated GHG that has 

the highest GWP among the fluorinated GHGs that occur in more 

than trace concentrations in the process unless you possess 

emission characterization measurements showing otherwise. These 

emission characterization measurements must meet the 

requirements in paragraph (8)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this 

section, as appropriate. The sum of the terms must equal 1. You 

must document the data and calculations that are used to 

speciate individual compounds and to estimate FERd, FEP, and 

FEBk. Exclude from your calculations the fluorine included in FD. 

For example, exclude fluorine-containing compounds that are not 

fluorinated GHGs and that result from the destruction of 

fluorinated GHGs by any destruction devices (e.g., the mass of 

HF created by combustion of an HFC). However, include emissions 

of fluorinated GHGs that survive the destruction process.

(i) If the calculations under paragraph (b)(1)(viii) of 

this section, or any subsequent measurements and calculations 

under this subpart, indicate that the process emits 25,000 

metric tons CO2e or more, estimate the emissions from each

process vent, considering controls, using the methods in 

§98.123(c)(1). You must characterize the emissions of any 

process vent that emits 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more as 

specified in §98.124(b)(4).
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(ii) For other vents, including vents from processes that 

emit less than 25,000 metric tons CO2 e, you must characterize 

emissions as specified in §98.124(b)(5).

(iii) For fluorine emissions that are not accounted for by 

vent estimates, you must characterize emissions as specified in 

§98.124(b)(6).

(9) The total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d 

emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total 

fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorinecontaining reactants using Equation L–11 of this section. If the 

fluorine-containing reactant d is a non-GHG, you may assume that 

FERdis zero.

Where:

ER-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing reactant d that is 

emitted from process i over the period p (metric 

tons).

FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the 

fluorine-containing reactant d.

EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over 

the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 

of this section.

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the 

fluorine-containing product.

FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of 

fluorine-containing by-product k.

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in 

Equation L–14 of this section.
Page 16 of 117

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated 

in Equation L–15 of this section.

MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation 

in Equation L–16 of this section.

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in 

process i.

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into 

process i.

(10) The total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted 

must be estimated at least monthly based on the total fluorine 

emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorine-containing 

products using Equation L–12 of this section. If the fluorinecontaining product is a non-GHG, you may assume that FEP is 

zero.

Where:

EP-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing product emitted from 

process i over the period p (metric tons).

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the 

fluorine-containing product.

EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over 

the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 

of this section.

FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of 

fluorine-containing reactant d.

FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of 

fluorine-containing by-product k.

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in 

Equation L–14 of this section.

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated 

in Equation L–15 of this section.
Page 17 of 117

MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation 

in Equation L–16 of this section.

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in 

process i.

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into 

process i.

(11) The total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k 

emitted must be estimated at least monthly based on the total 

fluorine emitted and the fraction that consists of fluorinecontaining by-products using Equation L–13 of this section. If 

fluorine-containing by-product k is a non-GHG, you may assume 

that FEBkis zero.

Where:

EBk-ip = Total mass of fluorine-containing by-product k 

emitted from process i over the period p (metric 

tons).

FEBk = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of 

fluorine-containing by-product k.

FERd = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of 

fluorine-containing reactant d.

FEP = The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the 

fluorine-containing product.

EF = Total mass of fluorine emissions from process i over 

the period p (metric tons), calculated in Equation L–6 

of this section.

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d, calculated in 

Equation L–14 of this section.

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product, calculated 

in Equation L–15 of this section.

MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k, calculation 

in Equation L–16 of this section.
Page 18 of 117

u = Number of fluorine-containing by-products generated in 

process i.

v = Number of fluorine-containing reactants fed into 

process i.

(12) The mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d must be 

estimated using Equation L–14 of this section:

Where:

MFFRd = Mass fraction of fluorine in reactant d (fraction).

MFRd = Moles fluorine per mole of reactant d.

AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.

MWRd = Molecular weight of reactant d.

(13) The mass fraction of fluorine in the product must be 

estimated using Equation L–15 of this section:

Where:

MFFP = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction).

MFP = Moles fluorine per mole of product.

AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.

MWP = Molecular weight of the product produced.

(14) The mass fraction of fluorine in by-product k must be 

estimated using Equation L–16 of this section:

Where:

MFFBk = Mass fraction of fluorine in the product (fraction).

MFBk = Moles fluorine per mole of by-product k.

AWF = Atomic weight of fluorine.
Page 19 of 117

MWBk = Molecular weight of by-product k.

(15) Alternative for determining the mass of fluorine 

destroyed or recaptured. As an alternative to using Equation L–7 

of this section as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, 

you may estimate at least monthly the total mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams containing fluorine-containing 

compounds (including all fluorine-containing reactants, 

products, and byproducts) using Equation L–17 of this section.

Where:

FD = Total mass of fluorine in destroyed or recaptured 

streams from process i containing fluorine-containing 

reactants, products, and by-products over the period 

p.

DEavgj = Weighted average destruction efficiency of the 

destruction device for the fluorine-containing 

compounds identified in destroyed stream j under 

§98.124(b)(4)(ii) and (5)(ii) (calculated in Equation 

L–18 of this section)(fraction).

cTFj = Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in 

stream j removed from process i and fed into the 

destruction device over the period p. If this 

concentration is only a trace concentration, cTFjis 

equal to zero.

Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into 

the destruction device over the period p (metric 

tons).

cTFl = Concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in 

stream l removed from process i and recaptured over 

the period p. If this concentration is only a trace 

concentration, cBklis equal to zero.

Sl = Mass removed in stream l from process i and recaptured 

over the period p.

q = Number of streams destroyed in process i.
Page 20 of 117

x = Number of streams recaptured in process i.

(16) Weighted average destruction efficiency. For purposes 

of Equation L–17 of this section, calculate the weighted average 

destruction efficiency applicable to a destroyed stream using 

Equation L–18 of this section.

Where:

DEavgj = Weighted average destruction efficiency of the 

destruction device for the fluorine-containing 

compounds identified in destroyed stream j under 

98.124(b)(4)(ii) or (b)(5)(ii), as appropriate.

DEFGHGf = Destruction efficiency of the device that has been 

demonstrated for fluorinated GHG f in stream j 

(fraction).

cFGHGfj = Concentration (mass fraction) of fluorinated GHG f in 

stream j removed from process i and fed into the 

destruction device over the period p. If this 

concentration is only a trace concentration, cF–GHGfjis 

equal to zero.

cFCgj = Concentration (mass fraction) of non-GHG fluorinecontaining compound g in stream j removed from process 

i and fed into the destruction device over the period 

p. If this concentration is only a trace 

concentration, cFCgjis equal to zero.

Sj = Mass removed in stream j from process i and fed into 

the destruction device over the period p (metric 

tons).

MFFFGHGf = Mass fraction of fluorine in fluorinated GHG f, 

calculated in Equation L–14, L–15, or L–16 of this 

section, as appropriate.

MFFFCg = Mass fraction of fluorine in non-GHG fluorinecontaining compound g, calculated in Equation L–14, L–

15, or L–16 of this section, as appropriate.

w = Number of fluorinated GHGs in destroyed stream j.
Page 21 of 117

y = Number of non-GHG fluorine-containing compounds in 

destroyed stream j.

(c) Emission factor and emission calculation factor 

methods. To use the method in this paragraph for batch 

processes, you must comply with either paragraph (c)(3) of this 

section (Emission Factor approach) or paragraph (c)(4) of this 

section (Emission Calculation Factor approach). To use the 

method in this paragraph for continuous processes, you must 

first make a preliminary estimate of the emissions from each 

individual continuous process vent under paragraph (c)(1) of 

this section. If your continuous process operates under 

different conditions as part of normal operations, you must also 

define the different operating scenarios and make a preliminary 

estimate of the emissions from the vent for each operating 

scenario. Then, compare the preliminary estimate for each 

continuous process vent (summed across operating scenarios) to 

the criteria in paragraph (c)(2) of this section to determine 

whether the process vent meets the criteria for using the 

emission factor method described in paragraph (c)(3) of this 

section or whether the process vent meets the criteria for using

the emission calculation factor method described in paragraph 

(c)(4) of this section. For continuous process vents that meet 

the criteria for using the emission factor method described in 

paragraph (c)(3) of this section and that have more than one 

operating scenario, compare the preliminary estimate for each 
Page 22 of 117

operating scenario to the criteria in (c)(3)(ii) to determine 

whether an emission factor must be developed for that operating 

scenario.

(1) Preliminary estimate of emissions by process vent. You 

must estimate the annual CO2e emissions of fluorinated GHGs for 

each process vent within each operating scenario of a continuous 

process using the approaches specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or 

(c)(1)(ii) of this section, accounting for any destruction as 

specified in paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section. You must 

determine emissions of fluorinated GHGs by process vent by using 

measurements, by using calculations based on chemical 

engineering principles and chemical property data, or by 

conducting an engineering assessment. You may use previous 

measurements, calculations, and assessments if they represent 

current process operating conditions or process operating 

conditions that would result in higher fluorinated GHG emissions 

than the current operating conditions and if they were performed 

in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), and 

(c)(1)(iii) of this section, as applicable. You must document 

all data, assumptions, and procedures used in the calculations 

or engineering assessment and keep a record of the emissions 

determination as required by §98.127(a).
Page 23 of 117

(i) Engineering calculations. For process vent emission 

calculations, you may use any of paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A), 

(c)(1)(i)(B), or (c)(1)(i)(C) of this section.

(A) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, Volume II: Chapter 16, Methods 

for Estimating Air Emissions from Chemical Manufacturing 

Facilities, August 2007, Final (incorporated by reference, see

§98.7).

(B) You may determine the fluorinated GHG emissions from 

any process vent within the process using the procedures 

specified in §63.1257(d)(2)(i) and (d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter, 

except as specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(B)(1) through 

(c)(1)(i)(B)(4) of this section. For the purposes of this 

subpart, use of the term “HAP” in §63.1257(d)(2)(i) and 

(d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter means “fluorinated GHG”.

(1) To calculate emissions caused by the heating of a 

vessel without a process condenser to a temperature lower than 

the boiling point, you must use the procedures in 

§63.1257(d)(2)(i)(C)(3) of this chapter.

(2) To calculate emissions from depressurization of a 

vessel without a process condenser, you must use the procedures 

in §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(D)(10) of this chapter.
Page 24 of 117

(3) To calculate emissions from vacuum systems, the terms 

used in Equation 33 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(E) of this chapter are 

defined as follows:

(i) Psystem= Absolute pressure of the receiving vessel.

(ii) Pi= Partial pressure of the fluorinated GHG determined 

at the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions of the 

condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver.

(iii) Pj= Partial pressure of condensables (including 

fluorinated GHG) determined at the exit temperature and exit 

pressure conditions of the condenser or at the conditions of the 

dedicated receiver.

(iv) MWFluorinated GHG= Molecular weight of the fluorinated GHG 

determined at the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions 

of the condenser or at the conditions of the dedicated receiver.

(4) To calculate emissions when a vessel is equipped with a 

process condenser or a control condenser, you must use the 

procedures in §63.1257(d)(3)(i)(B) of this chapter, except as 

follows:

(i) You must determine the flowrate of gas (or volume of 

gas), partial pressures of condensables, temperature (T), and 

fluorinated GHG molecular weight (MWFluorinated GHG) at the exit 

temperature and exit pressure conditions of the condenser or at 

the conditions of the dedicated receiver.
Page 25 of 117

(ii) You must assume that all of the components contained 

in the condenser exit vent stream are in equilibrium with the 

same components in the exit condensate stream (except for 

noncondensables).

(iii) You must perform a material balance for each 

component, if the condensate receiver composition is not known.

(iv) For the emissions from gas evolution, the term for 

time, t, must be used in Equation 12 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(B) of 

this chapter.

(v) Emissions from empty vessel purging must be calculated 

using Equation 36 to §63.1257(d)(2)(i)(H) of this chapter and 

the exit temperature and exit pressure conditions of the 

condenser or the conditions of the dedicated receiver.

(C) Commercial software products that follow chemical 

engineering principles (e.g., including the calculation 

methodologies in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) and (c)(1)(i)(B) of 

this section).

(ii) Engineering assessments. For process vent emissions 

determinations, you may conduct an engineering assessment to 

calculate uncontrolled emissions. An engineering assessment 

includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(A) Previous test results, provided the tests are 

representative of current operating practices of the process.
Page 26 of 117

(B) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of 

the process operating conditions.

(C) Maximum flow rate, fluorinated GHG emission rate, 

concentration, or other relevant parameters specified or implied 

within a permit limit applicable to the process vent.

(D) Design analysis based on chemical engineering 

principles, measureable process parameters, or physical or 

chemical laws or properties.

(iii) Impact of destruction for the preliminary estimate. 

If the process vent is vented to a destruction device, you may 

reflect the impact of the destruction device on emissions. In 

your emissions estimate, account for the following:

(A) The destruction efficiencies of the device that have 

been demonstrated for the fluorinated GHGs in the vent stream 

for periods when the process vent is vented to the destruction 

device.

(B) Any periods when the process vent is not vented to the 

destruction device.

(iv) Use of typical recent values. In the calculations in 

paragraphs (c)(1)(i), (c)(1)(ii), and (c)(1)(iii) of this 

section, the values used for the expected process activity and 

for the expected fraction of that activity whose emissions will 

be vented to the properly functioning destruction device must be 

based on either typical recent values for the process or values 
Page 27 of 117

that would overestimate emissions from the process, unless there 

is a compelling reason to adopt a different value (e.g., 

installation of a destruction device for a previously 

uncontrolled process). If there is such a reason, it must be 

documented in the GHG Monitoring Plan.

(v) GWPs. To convert the fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2 e, 

use Equation A–1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are

not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use a default 

GWP of 2,000 unless you submit a request to use other GWPs for 

those fluorinated GHGs in that process under paragraph 

(c)(1)(vi) of this section and we approve that request.

(vi) Request to use a GWP other than 2,000 for fluorinated 

GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this 

part. If your process vent emits one or more fluorinated GHGs 

whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this 

part, that are emitted in quantities that, with a default GWP of 

2,000, result in total calculated annual emissions equal to or 

greater than 10,000 metric tons CO2e for the vent, and that you 

believe have GWPs that would result in total calculated annual 

emissions less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e for the vent, you may 

submit a request to use provisional GWPs for these fluorinated 

GHGs for purposes of the calculations in paragraph (c)(1) of 

this section. The request must be submitted by February 28, 2011 

for a completeness determination and review by EPA.
Page 28 of 117

(A) Contents of the request. You must include the following 

information in the request for each fluorinated GHG that does 

not have a GWP listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part and 

that constitutes more than one percent by mass of the stream 

emitted from the vent:

(1) The identity of the fluorinated GHG, including its 

chemical formula and, if available, CAS number.

(2) The estimated GWP of the fluorinated GHG.

(3) The data and analysis that supports your estimate of 

the GWP of the fluorinated GHG, including:

(i) Data and analysis related to the low-pressure gas phase 

infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorinated GHG.

(ii) Data and analysis related to the estimated atmospheric 

lifetime of the fluorinated GHG (reaction mechanisms and rates, 

including e.g., photolysis and reaction with atmospheric 

components such as OH, O3,CO, and water).

(iii) The radiative transfer analysis that integrates the 

lifetime and infrared absorption spectrum data to calculate the 

GWP.

(iv) Any published or unpublished studies of the GWP of the 

gas.

(4) The engineering calculations or assessments and 

underlying data that demonstrate that the process vent is 

calculated to emit less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e of this and 
Page 29 of 117

other fluorinated GHGs only when the proposed provisional GWPs, 

not the default GWP of 2,000, are used for fluorinated GHGs 

whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this 

part.

(B) Review and completeness determination by EPA. If EPA 

makes a preliminary determination that the request is complete, 

that it substantiates each of the provisional GWPs, and that it 

demonstrates that the process vent is calculated to emit less 

than 10,000 metric tons CO2e of this and other fluorinated GHGs 

only when the provisional GWPs, not the default GWP of 2,000, 

are used for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table 

A–1 to subpart A of this part, then EPA will publish a notice 

including the data and analysis submitted under paragraphs 

(c)(1)(vi)(A)(1) through (c)(1)(vi)(A)(3) of this section. If, 

after review of public comment on the notice, EPA finalizes its 

preliminary determination, then EPA will permit the facility to 

use the provisional GWPs for the calculations in paragraph 

(c)(1) of this section unless and until EPA determines that one 

or more of the provisional GWPs is in error and provides 

reasonable notice to the facility.

(2) Method selection for continuous process vents. 

(i) If the calculations under paragraph (c)(1) of this 

section, as well as any subsequent measurements and calculations 

under this subpart, indicate that the continuous process vent 
Page 30 of 117

has fluorinated GHG emissions of less than 10,000 metric ton CO2e 

per year, summed across all operating scenarios, then you may 

comply with either paragraph (c)(3) of this section (Emission 

Factor approach) or paragraph (c)(4) of this section (Emission 

Calculation Factor approach).

(ii) If the continuous process vent does not meet the 

criteria in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section, then you must 

comply with the emission factor method specified in paragraph 

(c)(3) (Emission Factor approach) of this section.

(A) You must conduct emission testing for process-ventspecific emission factor development before the destruction 

device unless the calculations you performed under paragraph 

(c)(1)(iii) of this section indicate that the uncontrolled 

fluorinated GHG emissions that occur during periods when the 

process vent is not vented to the properly functioning 

destruction device are less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e per 

year. In this case, you may conduct emission testing after the 

destruction device to develop a process-vent-specific emission 

factor. If you do so, you must develop and apply an emission 

calculation factor under paragraph (c)(4) to estimate emissions 

during any periods when the process vent is not vented to the 

properly functioning destruction device.

(B) Regardless of the level of uncontrolled emissions, the 

emission testing for process-vent-specific emission factor 
Page 31 of 117

development may be conducted on the outlet side of a wet 

scrubber in place for acid gas reduction, if one is in place, as 

long as there is no appreciable reduction in the fluorinated 

GHG.

(3) Process-vent-specific emission factor method. For each 

process vent, conduct an emission test and measure fluorinated 

GHG emissions from the process and measure the process activity, 

such as the feed rate, production rate, or other process 

activity rate, during the test as described in this paragraph 

(c)(3). Conduct the emission test according to the procedures in 

§98.124. All emissions test data and procedures used in 

developing emission factors must be documented according to 

§98.127. If more than one operating scenario applies to the 

process that contains the subject process vent, you must comply 

with either paragraph (3)(i) or paragraph (3)(ii) of this 

section.

(i) Conduct a separate emissions test for operation under 

each operating scenario.

(ii) Conduct an emissions test for the operating scenario 

that is expected to have the largest emissions in terms of CO2e 

(considering both activity levels and emission calculation 

factors) on an annual basis. Also conduct an emissions test for 

each additional operating scenario that is estimated to emit 

10,000 metric tons CO2e or more annually from the vent and whose 
Page 32 of 117

emission calculation factor differs by 15 percent or more from 

the emission calculation factor of the operating scenario that 

is expected to have the largest emissions (or of another 

operating scenario for which emission testing is performed), 

unless the difference between the operating scenarios is solely 

due to the application of a destruction device to emissions 

under one of the operating scenarios. For any other operating 

scenarios, adjust the process-vent specific emission factor 

developed for the operating scenario that is expected to have 

the largest emissions (or for another operating scenario for 

which emission testing is performed) using the approach in 

paragraph (c)(3)(viii) of this section.

(iii) You must measure the process activity, such as the 

process feed rate, process production rate, or other process 

activity rate, as applicable, during the emission test and 

calculate the rate for the test period, in kg (or another 

appropriate metric) per hour.

(iv) For continuous processes, you must calculate the 

hourly emission rate of each fluorinated GHG using Equation L–19 

of this section and determine the hourly emission rate of each 

fluorinated GHG per process vent (and per operating scenario, as 

applicable) for the test run.

Where:
Page 33 of 117

EContPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, during the 

emission test during test run r (kg/hr).

CPV = Concentration of fluorinated GHG f during test run r 

of the emission test (ppmv).

MW = Molecular weight of fluorinated GHG f (g/g-mole).

QPV = Flow rate of the process vent stream during test run r 

of the emission test (m3 /min).

SV = Standard molar volume of gas (0.0240 m3 /g-mole at 68 

°F and 1 atm).

1/103 = Conversion factor (1 kilogram/1,000 grams).

60/1 = Conversion factor (60 minutes/1 hour).

(v) You must calculate a site-specific, process-ventspecific emission factor for each fluorinated GHG for each 

process vent and each operating scenario, in kg of fluorinated 

GHG per process activity rate (e.g., kg of feed or production), 

as applicable, using Equation L–20 of this section. For 

continuous processes, divide the hourly fluorinated GHG emission 

rate during the test by the hourly process activity rate during 

the test runs.

Where:

EFPV = Emission factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from 

process vent v during process i, operating scenario j 

(e.g., kg emitted/kg activity).

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, during the 

emission test during test run r, for either continuous 

or batch (kg emitted/hr for continuous, kg 

emitted/batch for batch).
Page 34 of 117

ActivityEmissionTest = Process feed, process production, or 

other process activity rate for process i, operating 

scenario j, during the emission test during test run r 

(e.g., kg product/hr).

r = Number of test runs performed during the emission 

test.

(vi) If you conducted emissions testing after the 

destruction device, you must calculate the emissions of each 

fluorinated GHG for the process vent (and operating scenario, as 

applicable) using Equation L–21 of this section. You must also 

develop a process-vent-specific emission calculation factor 

based on paragraph (c)(4) of this section for the periods when 

the process vent is not venting to the destruction device.

Where:

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year 

(kg).

EFPV–C = Emission factor for fluorinated GHG f emitted from 

process vent v during process i, operating scenario j, 

based on testing after the destruction device (kg 

emitted/activity) (e.g., kg emitted/kg product).

ActivityC = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year for which emissions are vented to the 

properly functioning destruction device (i.e., 

controlled).

ECFPV–U = Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f 

emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j during periods when the process 

vent is not vented to the properly functioning 

destruction device (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg 

emitted/kg product).

ActivityU = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity during the year for which the process 
Page 35 of 117

vent is not vented to the properly functioning 

destruction device (e.g., kg product).

(vii) If you conducted emissions testing before the 

destruction device, apply the destruction efficiencies of the 

device that have been demonstrated for the fluorinated GHGs in 

the vent stream to the fluorinated GHG emissions for the process 

vent (and operating scenario, as applicable), using Equation L–

22 of this section. You may apply the destruction efficiency 

only to the portion of the process activity during which 

emissions are vented to the properly functioning destruction 

device (i.e., controlled).

Where:

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg).

EFPV–U = Emission factor (uncontrolled) for fluorinated GHG f 

emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j (kg emitted/kg product).

ActivityU = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year for which the process vent is not 

vented to the properly functioning destruction device 

(e.g., kg product).

ActivityC = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year for which the process vent is vented 

to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., 

kg product).

DE = Demonstrated destruction efficiency of the destruction 

device (weight fraction).
Page 36 of 117

(viii) Adjusted process-vent-specific emission factors for 

other operating scenarios. For process vents from processes with 

multiple operating scenarios, use Equation L–23 of this section 

to develop an adjusted process-vent-specific emission factor for 

each operating scenario from which the vent is estimated to emit 

less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e annually or whose emission 

calculation factor differs by less than 15 percent from the 

emission calculation factor of the operating scenario that is 

expected to have the largest emissions (or of another operating 

scenario for which emission testing is performed).

Where:

EFPVadj = Adjusted process-vent-specific emission factor for an 

untested operating scenario.

ECFUT = Emission calculation factor for the untested operating 

scenario developed under paragraph (c)(4) of this 

section.

ECFT = Emission calculation for the tested operating scenario 

developed under paragraph (c)(4) of this section.

EFPV = Process vent specific emission factor for the tested 

operating scenario.

(ix) Sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG from all 

process vents in each operating scenario and all operating 

scenarios in the process for the year to estimate the total 

process vent emissions of each fluorinated GHG from the process, 

using Equation L–24 of this section.
Page 37 of 117

Where:

EPfi = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vents for 

process i for the year (kg).

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg).

v = Number of process vents in process i, operating scenario 

j.

o = Number of operating scenarios for process i.

(4) Process-vent-specific emission calculation factor 

method. For each process vent within an operating scenario, 

determine fluorinated GHG emissions by calculations and 

determine the process activity rate, such as the feed rate, 

production rate, or other process activity rate, associated with 

the emission rate.

(i) You must calculate uncontrolled emissions of 

fluorinated GHG by individual process vent, EPV, by using 

measurements, by using calculations based on chemical 

engineering principles and chemical property data, or by 

conducting an engineering assessment. Use the procedures in 

paragraphs (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, except paragraph 

(c)(1)(ii)(C) of this section. The procedures in paragraphs 

(c)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section may be applied either to 

batch process vents or to continuous process vents. The 

uncontrolled emissions must be based on a typical batch or 

production rate under a defined operating scenario. The process 
Page 38 of 117

activity rate associated with the uncontrolled emissions must be 

determined. The methods, data, and assumptions used to estimate 

emissions for each operating scenario must be selected to yield 

a best estimate (expected value) of emissions rather than an 

over- or underestimate of emissions for that operating scenario. 

All data, assumptions, and procedures used in the calculations 

or engineering assessment must be documented according to 

§98.127.

(ii) You must calculate a site-specific, process-ventspecific emission calculation factor for each process vent, each 

operating scenario, and each fluorinated GHG, in kg of 

fluorinated GHG per activity rate (e.g., kg of feed or 

production) as applicable, using Equation L–25 of this section.

Where:

ECFPV = Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f 

emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j, (e.g., kg emitted/kg product).

EPV = Average mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted, based on 

calculations, from process vent v from process i, 

operating scenario j, during the period or batch for 

which emissions were calculated, for either continuous 

or batch (kg emitted/hr for continuous, kg 

emitted/batch for batch).

ActivityRepresentative = Process feed, process production, or 

other process activity rate corresponding to average 

mass of emissions based on calculations (e.g., kg 

product/hr for continuous, kg product/batch for 

batch).
Page 39 of 117

(iii) You must calculate emissions of each fluorinated GHG 

for the process vent (and operating scenario, as applicable) for 

the year by multiplying the process-vent-specific emission 

calculation factor by the total process activity, as applicable, 

for the year, using Equation L–26 of this section.

Where:

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year 

(kg).

ECFPV = Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f 

emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j, (kg emitted/activity) (e.g., kg 

emitted/kg product).

Activity = Process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year.

(iv) If the process vent is vented to a destruction device, 

apply the demonstrated destruction efficiency of the device to 

the fluorinated GHG emissions for the process vent (and 

operating scenario, as applicable), using Equation L–27 of this 

section. Apply the destruction efficiency only to the portion of 

the process activity that is vented to the properly functioning 

destruction device (i.e., controlled).

Where:

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year 

considering destruction efficiency (kg).
Page 40 of 117

ECFPV = Emission calculation factor for fluorinated GHG f 

emitted from process vent v during process i, 

operating scenario j, (e.g., kg emitted/kg product).

ActivityU = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year for which the process vent is not 

vented to the properly functioning destruction device 

(e.g., kg product).

ActivityC = Total process feed, process production, or other 

process activity for process i, operating scenario j, 

during the year for which the process vent is vented 

to the properly functioning destruction device (e.g., 

kg product).

DE = Demonstrated destruction efficiency of the destruction 

device (weight fraction).

(v) Sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG from all 

process vents in each operating scenario and all operating 

scenarios in the process for the year to estimate the total 

process vent emissions of each fluorinated GHG from the process, 

using Equation L–28 of this section.

Where:

EPfi = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vents 

for process i for the year (kg).

EPV = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from process vent v 

from process i, operating scenario j, for the year, 

considering destruction efficiency (kg).

v = Number of process vents in process i, operating 

scenario j.

o = Number of operating scenarios in process i.

(d) Calculate fluorinated GHG emissions for equipment leaks 

(EL). If you comply with paragraph (c) of this section, you must 

calculate the fluorinated GHG emissions from pieces of equipment 
Page 41 of 117

associated with processes covered under this subpart and in 

fluorinated GHG service. If you conduct monitoring of equipment 

in fluorinated GHG service, monitoring must be conducted for 

those in light liquid and in gas and vapor service. If you 

conduct monitoring of equipment in fluorinated GHG service, you 

may exclude from monitoring each piece of equipment that is 

difficult-to-monitor, that is unsafe-to-monitor, that is 

insulated, or that is in heavy liquid service; you may exclude 

from monitoring each pump with dual mechanical seals, agitator 

with dual mechanical seals, pump with no external shaft, 

agitator with no external shaft; you may exclude from monitoring 

each pressure relief device in gas and vapor service with 

upstream rupture disk, each sampling connection system with 

closed-loop or closed-purge systems, and any pieces of equipment 

where leaks are routed through a closed vent system to a 

destruction device. You must estimate emissions using another 

approach for those pieces of equipment excluded from monitoring. 

Equipment that is in fluorinated GHG service for less than 300 

hr/yr; equipment that is in vacuum service; pressure relief 

devices that are in light liquid service; and instrumentation 

systems are exempted from these requirements.

(1) The emissions from equipment leaks must be calculated 

using any of the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), 

(d)(1)(iii), or (d)(1)(iv) of this section.
Page 42 of 117

(i) Use of Average Emission Factor Approach in EPA Protocol 

for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates. The emissions from 

equipment leaks may be calculated using the default Average 

Emission Factor Approach in EPA–453/R–95–017 (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7).

(ii) Use of Other Approaches in EPA Protocol for Equipment 

Leak Emission Estimates in conjunction with EPA Method 21 at 40 

CFR part 60, appendix A–7. The emissions from equipment leaks 

may be calculated using one of the following methods in EPA–

453/R–95–017 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7): The 

Screening Ranges Approach; the EPA Correlation Approach; or the 

Unit-Specific Correlation Approach. If you determine that EPA 

Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 is appropriate for 

monitoring a fluorinated GHG, and if you calibrate your 

instrument with a compound different from one or more of the 

fluorinated GHGs or surrogates to be measured, you must develop 

response factors for each fluorinated GHG or for each surrogate 

to be measured using EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix 

A–7. For each fluorinated GHG or surrogate measured, the 

response factor must be less than 10. The response factor is the 

ratio of the known concentration of a fluorinated GHG or 

surrogate to the observed meter reading when measured using an 

instrument calibrated with the reference compound.
Page 43 of 117

(iii) Use of Other Approaches in EPA Protocol for Equipment 

Leak Emission Estimates in conjunction with site-specific leak 

monitoring methods. The emissions from equipment leaks may be 

calculated using one of the following methods in EPA–453/R–95–

017 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7): The Screening Ranges 

Approach; the EPA Correlation Approach; or the Unit-Specific 

Correlation Approach. You may develop a site-specific leak 

monitoring method appropriate for monitoring fluorinated GHGs or 

surrogates to use along with these three approaches. The sitespecific leak monitoring method must meet the requirements in 

§98.124(f)(1).

(iv) Use of site-specific leak monitoring methods. The 

emissions from equipment leaks may be calculated using a sitespecific leak monitoring method. The site-specific leak 

monitoring method must meet the requirements in §98.124(f)(1).

(2) You must collect information on the number of each type 

of equipment; the service of each piece of equipment (gas, light 

liquid, heavy liquid); the concentration of each fluorinated GHG 

in the stream; and the time period each piece of equipment was 

in service. Depending on which approach you follow, you may be 

required to collect information for equipment on the associated 

screening data concentrations for greater than or equal to 

10,000 ppmv and associated screening data concentrations for 

less than 10,000 ppmv; associated actual screening data 
Page 44 of 117

concentrations; or associated screening data and leak rate data 

(i.e., bagging) used to develop a unit-specific correlation.

(3) Calculate and sum the emissions of each fluorinated GHG 

in metric tons per year for equipment pieces for each process, 

EELf, annually. You must include and estimate emissions for types 

of equipment that are excluded from monitoring, including 

difficult-to-monitor, unsafe-to-monitor and insulated pieces of 

equipment, pieces of equipment in heavy liquid service, pumps 

with dual mechanical seals, agitators with dual mechanical 

seals, pumps with no external shaft, agitators with no external 

shaft, pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service with 

upstream rupture disk, sampling connection systems with closedloop or closed purge systems, and pieces of equipment where 

leaks are routed through a closed vent system to a destruction 

device.

(e) Calculate total fluorinated GHG emissions for each 

process and for production or transformation processes at the 

facility. 

(i) Estimate annually the total mass of each fluorinated 

GHG emitted from each process, including emissions from process 

vents in paragraphs (c)(3) and (c)(4) of this section, as 

appropriate, and from equipment leaks in paragraph (d), using 

Equation L–29 of this section.
Page 45 of 117

Where:

Ei = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from 

process i, annual basis (kg/year).

EPfi = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from all process 

vents and all operating scenarios in process i, 

annually (kg/year, calculated in Equation L–24 or L–28 

of this section, as appropriate).

EELfi = Mass of fluorinated GHG f emitted from equipment leaks 

for pieces of equipment for process i, annually 

(kg/year, calculated in paragraph (d)(3) of this 

section).

(ii) Estimate annually the total mass of each fluorinated 

GHG emitted from each type of production or transformation 

process at the facility using Equation L–30 of this section. 

Develop separate totals for fluorinated gas production 

processes, transformation processes that transform fluorinated 

gases produced at the facility, and transformation processes 

that transform fluorinated gases produced at another facility.

Where:

E = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from all 

fluorinated gas production processes, all 

transformation processes that transform fluorinated 

gases produced at the facility, or all transformation 

processes that transform fluorinated gases produced at 

another facility, as appropriate (metric tons).

Ei = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from each 

production or transformation process, annual basis 

(kg/year, calculated in Equation L–29 of this 

section).

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.

z = Total number of fluorinated gas production processes, 

fluorinated gas transformation processes that 
Page 46 of 117

transform fluorinated gases produced at the facility, 

or transformation processes that transform fluorinated 

gases produced at another facility, as appropriate.

(f) Calculate fluorinated GHG emissions from destruction of 

fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced”. Estimate 

annually the total mass of fluorinated GHGs emitted from 

destruction of fluorinated GHGs that were previously “produced” 

as defined at §98.410(b) using Equation L–31 of this section:

Where:

ED = The mass of fluorinated GHGs emitted annually from 

destruction of fluorinated GHGs that were previously 

“produced” as defined at §98.410(b) (metric tons).

RED = The mass of fluorinated GHGs that were previously 

“produced” as defined at §98.410(b) and that are fed 

annually into the destruction device (metric tons).

DE = Destruction efficiency of the destruction device 

(fraction).

(g) Emissions from venting of residual fluorinated GHGs in 

containers. If you vent residual fluorinated GHGs from 

containers, you must either measure the residual fluorinated 

GHGs vented from each container or develop a heel factor for 

each combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, and 

container type that you vent. You do not need to estimate de 

minimis emissions associated with good-faith attempts to recycle 

or recover residual fluorinated GHGs in or from containers.

(1) Measuring contents of each container. If you weigh or 

otherwise measure the contents of each container before venting 
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the residual fluorinated GHGs, use Equation L–32 of this section 

to calculate annual emissions of each fluorinated GHG from 

venting of residual fluorinated GHG from containers. Convert 

pressures to masses as directed in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this 

section.

Where:

ECf = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from the 

facility through venting of residual fluorinated GHG 

from containers, annual basis (kg/year).

HBfj = Mass of residual fluorinated GHG f in container j when 

received by facility.

HEfj = Mass of residual fluorinated GHG f in container j 

after evacuation by facility. (Facility may equate to 

zero.)

n = Number of vented containers for each fluorinated GHG 

f.

(2) Developing and applying heel factors. If you use heel 

factors to estimate emissions of residual fluorinated GHGs 

vented from containers, you must annually develop these factors 

based on representative samples of the containers received by 

your facility from fluorinated GHG users.

(i) Sample size. For each combination of fluorinated GHG, 

container size, and container type that you vent, select a 

representative sample of containers that reflects the full range 

of quantities of residual gas returned in that container size 

and type. This sample must reflect the full range of the 
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industries and a broad range of the customers that use and 

return the fluorinated GHG, container size, and container type. 

The minimum sample size for each combination of fluorinated GHG, 

container size, and container type must be 30, unless this is 

greater than the number of containers returned within that 

combination annually, in which case the contents of every 

container returned must be measured.

(ii) Measurement of residual gas. The residual weight or 

pressure you use for paragraph (g)(1) of this section must be 

determined by monitoring the mass or the pressure of your 

cylinders/containers according to §98.124(k). If you monitor the 

pressure, convert the pressure to mass using the ideal gas law, 

as displayed in Equation L–33 of this section, with an 

appropriately selected Z value.

Where:

p = Absolute pressure of the gas (Pa)

V = Volume of the gas (m3)

Z = Compressibility factor

n = Amount of substance of the gas (moles)

R = Gas constant (8.314 Joule/Kelvin mole)

T = Absolute temperature (K)

(iii) Heel factor calculation. To determine the heel factor 

hfjfor each combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, and 

container type, use paragraph (g)(1) of this section to 
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calculate the total heel emissions for each sample selected 

under paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section. Divide this total by 

the number of containers in the sample. Divide the result by the 

full capacity (the mass of the contents of a full container) of 

that combination of fluorinated GHG, container size, and 

container type. The heel factor is expressed as a fraction of 

the full capacity.

(iv) Calculate annual emissions of each fluorinated GHG 

from venting of residual fluorinated GHG from containers using 

Equation L–34 of this section.

Where:

ECf = Total mass of each fluorinated GHG f emitted from the 

facility through venting of residual fluorinated GHG 

from containers, annual basis (kg/year).

hfj = Facility-wide gas-specific heel factor for fluorinated 

GHG f (fraction) and container size and type j, as 

determined in paragraph (g)(2)(iii) of this section.

Nfj = Number of containers of size and type j returned to 

the fluorinated gas production facility.

Ffj = Full capacity of containers of size and type j 

containing fluorinated GHG f (kg).

n = Number of combinations of container sizes and types 

for fluorinated GHG f.

§ 98.124 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

(a) Initial scoping speciation to identify fluorinated 

GHGs. You must conduct an initial scoping speciation to identify 

all fluorinated GHGs that may be generated from processes that 
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are subject to this subpart and that have at least one process 

vent with uncontrolled emissions of 1.0 metric ton or more of 

fluorinated GHGs per year based on the preliminary estimate of 

emissions in §98.123(c)(1). You are not required to quantify 

emissions under this initial scoping speciation. Only 

fluorinated GHG products and by-products that occur in greater 

than trace concentrations in at least one stream must be 

identified under this paragraph.

(1) Procedure. To conduct the scoping speciation, select 

the stream(s) (including process streams or destroyed streams) 

or process vent(s) that would be expected to individually or 

collectively contain all of the fluorinated GHG by-products of 

the process at their maximum concentrations and sample and 

analyze the contents of these selected streams or process vents. 

For example, if fluorinated GHG by-products are separated into 

one low-boiling-point and one high-boiling-point stream, sample 

and analyze both of these streams. Alternatively, you may sample 

and analyze streams where fluorinated GHG by-products occur at 

less than their maximum concentrations, but you must ensure that 

the sensitivity of the analysis is sufficient to compensate for 

the expected difference in concentration. For example, if you 

sample and analyze streams where fluorinated GHG by-products are 

expected to occur at one half their maximum concentrations 

elsewhere in the process, you must ensure that the sensitivity 
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of the analysis is sufficient to detect fluorinated GHG byproducts that occur at concentrations of 0.05 percent or higher. 

You do not have to sample and analyze every stream or process 

vent, i.e., you do not have to sample and analyze a stream or 

process vent that contains only fluorinated GHGs that are 

contained in other streams or process vents that are being 

sampled and analyzed. Sampling and analysis must be conducted 

according to the procedures in paragraph (e) of this section.

(2) Previous measurements. If you have conducted testing of 

streams (including process streams or destroyed streams) or 

process vents less than 10 years before December 31, 2010, and 

the testing meets the requirements in paragraph (a)(1) of this 

section, you may use the previous testing to satisfy this 

requirement.

(b) Mass balance monitoring. If you determine fluorinated 

GHG emissions from any process using the mass balance method 

under §98.123(b), you must estimate the total mass of each 

fluorinated GHG emitted from that process at least monthly. Only 

streams that contain greater than trace concentrations of 

fluorine-containing reactants, products, or by-products must be 

monitored under this paragraph. If you use an element other than 

fluorine in the mass-balance equation pursuant to §98.123(b)(3), 

substitute that element for fluorine in the monitoring 

requirements of this paragraph.
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(1) Mass measurements. Measure the following masses on a 

monthly or more frequent basis using flowmeters, weigh scales, 

or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with 

accuracies and precisions that allow the facility to meet the 

error criteria in §98.123(b)(1):

(i) Total mass of each fluorine-containing product 

produced. Account for any used fluorine-containing product added 

into the production process upstream of the output measurement 

as directed at §98.413(b) and §98.414(b). For each product, the 

mass produced used for the mass-balance calculation must be the 

same as the mass produced that is reported under subpart OO of 

this part, where applicable.

(ii) Total mass of each fluorine-containing reactant fed 

into the process.

(iii) The mass removed from the process in each stream fed 

into the destruction device.

(iv) The mass removed from the process in each recaptured 

stream.

(2) Concentration measurements for use with §98.123(b)(4). 

If you use §98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the following 

concentrations at least once each calendar month during which 

the process is operating, on a schedule to ensure that the 

measurements are representative of the full range of process 
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conditions (e.g., catalyst age). Measure more frequently if this 

is necessary to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Use 

equipment and methods (e.g., gas chromatography) that comply 

with paragraph (e) of this section and that have an accuracy and 

precision that allow the facility to meet the error criteria in 

§98.123(b)(1). Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and 

by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace 

concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.

(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of the fluorinecontaining product in each stream that is fed into the 

destruction device.

(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinecontaining by-product in each stream that is fed into the 

destruction device.

(iii) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinecontaining reactant in each stream that is fed into the 

destruction device.

(iv) The concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinecontaining by-product in each stream that is recaptured (cBkl).

(3) Concentration measurements for use with §98.123(b)(15). 

If you use §98.123(b)(15) to estimate the mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, measure the concentrations 

listed in paragraphs (3)(i) and (ii) of this section at least 

once each calendar month during which the process is operating, 
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on a schedule to ensure that the measurements are representative 

of the full range of process conditions (e.g., catalyst age). 

Measure more frequently if this is necessary to meet the error 

criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Use equipment and methods (e.g., gas 

chromatography) that comply with paragraph (e) of this section 

and that have an accuracy and precision that allow the facility 

to meet the error criteria in §98.123(b)(1). Only fluorinecontaining reactants, products, and by-products that occur in a 

stream in greater than trace concentrations must be monitored 

under this paragraph.

(i) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in 

each stream that is fed into the destruction device.

(ii) The concentration (mass fraction) of total fluorine in 

each stream that is recaptured.

(4) Emissions characterization: process vents emitting 

25,000 metric tons CO2e or more. To characterize emissions from 

any process vent emitting 25,000 metric tons CO2e or more, comply 

with paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (b)(4)(v) of this section, as 

appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, and 

by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace 

concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.

(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process 

vent are not routed through a destruction device, sample and 

analyze emissions at the process vent or stack or sample and 
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analyze emitted streams before the process vent. If the process 

has more than one operating scenario, you must either perform 

the emission characterization for each operating scenario or 

perform the emission characterization for the operating scenario 

that is expected to have the largest emissions and adjust the 

emission characterization for other scenarios using engineering 

calculations and assessments as specified in §98.123(c)(4). To 

perform the characterization, take three samples under 

conditions that are representative for the operating scenario. 

Measure the concentration of each fluorine-containing compound 

in each sample. Use equipment and methods that comply with 

paragraph (e) of this section. Calculate the average 

concentration of each fluorine-containing compound across all 

three samples.

(ii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(15). If you use 

§98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the 

process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(4)(i) of 

this section before the destruction device. Apply the 

destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in 

the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the 

characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not 

fluorinated GHGs.
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(iii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(4). If you use 

§98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or 

recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent 

are routed through a destruction device, characterize the 

process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the 

monthly (or more frequent) measurements under paragraphs 

(b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section. 

Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each 

fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. 

Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds 

that are not fluorinated GHGs.

(iv) Emissions characterization frequency. You must repeat 

emission characterizations performed under paragraph (b)(4)(i) 

and (b)(4)(ii) of this section under paragraph (b)(4)(iv)(A) or 

(b)(4)(iv)(B) of this section, whichever occurs first:

(A) 10-year revision. Repeat the emission characterization 

every 10 years. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the 

revised emission characterization to the process activity that 

occurs after the revision.

(B) Operating scenario change that affects the emission 

characterization. For planned operating scenario changes, you 

must estimate and compare the emission calculation factors for 

the changed operating scenario and for the original operating 

scenario whose process vent specific emission factor was 
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measured. Use the engineering calculations and assessments 

specified in §98.123(c)(4). If the share of total fluorinecontaining compound emissions represented by any fluorinated GHG 

changes under the changed operating scenario by 15 percent or 

more of the total, relative to the previous operating scenario 

(this includes the cumulative change in the emission calculation 

factor since the last emissions test), you must repeat the 

emission characterization. Perform the emission characterization 

before February 28 of the year that immediately follows the 

change. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the revised 

emission characterization to the process activity that occurs 

after the operating scenario change.

(v) Subsequent measurements. If a process vent with 

fluorinated GHG emissions less than 25,000 metric tons CO2 e, per 

§98.123(c)(2), is later found to have fluorinated GHG emissions 

of 25,000 metric tons CO2e or greater, you must perform an 

emission characterization under this paragraph during the 

following year.

(5) Emissions characterization: process vents emitting less 

than 25,000 metric tons CO2 e. To characterize emissions from any 

process vent emitting less than 25,000 metric tons CO2 e, comply 

with paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(iii) of this section, 

as appropriate. Only fluorine-containing reactants, products, 
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and by-products that occur in a stream in greater than trace 

concentrations must be monitored under this paragraph.

(i) Uncontrolled emissions. If emissions from the process 

vent are not routed through a destruction device, emission 

measurements must consist of sampling and analysis of emissions 

at the process vent or stack, sampling and analysis of emitted 

streams before the process vent, previous test results, provided 

the tests are representative of current operating conditions of 

the process, or bench-scale or pilot-scale test data 

representative of the process operating conditions.

(ii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(15). If you use 

§98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of fluorine in 

destroyed or recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the 

process vent are routed through a destruction device, 

characterize emissions as specified in paragraph (b)(5)(i) of 

this section before the destruction device. Apply the 

destruction efficiency demonstrated for each fluorinated GHG in 

the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. Exclude from the 

characterization fluorine-containing compounds that are not 

fluorinated GHGs.

(iii) Controlled emissions using §98.123(b)(4). If you use 

§98.123(b)(4) to estimate the mass of fluorine in destroyed or 

recaptured streams, and if the emissions from the process vent 

are routed through a destruction device, characterize the 
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process vent's emissions monthly (or more frequently) using the 

monthly (or more frequent) measurements under paragraphs 

(b)(1)(iii) and (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iii) of this section. 

Apply the destruction efficiency demonstrated for each 

fluorinated GHG in the destroyed stream to that fluorinated GHG. 

Exclude from the characterization fluorine-containing compounds 

that are not fluorinated GHGs.

(6) Emissions characterization: emissions not accounted for 

by process vent estimates. Calculate the weighted average 

emission characterization across the process vents before any 

destruction devices. Apply the weighted average emission 

characterization for all the process vents to any fluorine 

emissions that are not accounted for by process vent estimates.

(7) Impurities in reactants. If any fluorine-containing 

impurity is fed into a process along with a reactant (or other 

input) in greater than trace concentrations, this impurity shall 

be monitored under this section and included in the calculations 

under §98.123 in the same manner as reactants fed into the 

process, fed into the destruction device, recaptured, or

emitted, except the concentration of the impurity in the mass 

fed into the process shall be measured, and the mass of the 

impurity fed into the process shall be calculated as the product 

of the concentration of the impurity and the mass fed into the 
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process. The mass of the reactant fed into the process may be 

reduced to account for the mass of the impurity.

(8) Alternative to error calculation. As an alternative to 

calculating the relative and absolute errors associated with the 

estimate of emissions under §98.123(b), you may comply with the 

precision, accuracy, measurement and calculation frequency, and 

fluorinated GHG throughput requirements of paragraph (b)(8)(i) 

through (b)(8)(iv) of this section.

(i) Mass measurements. Measure the masses specified in 

paragraph (b)(1) of this section using flowmeters, weigh scales, 

or a combination of volumetric and density measurements with 

accuracies and precisions of ±0.2 percent of full scale or 

better.

(ii) Concentration measurements. Measure the concentrations 

specified in paragraph (b)(2) or paragraph (b)(3) of this 

section, as applicable, using analytical methods with accuracies 

and precisions of ±10 percent or better.

(iii) Measurement and calculation frequency. Perform the 

mass measurements specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section 

and the concentration measurements specified in paragraph (b)(2) 

or paragraph (b)(3) of this section, as applicable, at least 

weekly, and calculate emissions at least weekly.

(iv) Fluorinated-GHG throughput limit. You may use the 

alternative to the error calculation specified in paragraph 
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(b)(8) of this section only if the total annual CO2-equivalent 

fluorinated GHG throughput of the process is 500,000 mtCO2e or 

less. The total throughput is the sum of the masses of the 

fluorinated GHG reactants, products, and by-products fed into 

and generated by the process. To convert these masses to CO2 e, 

use Equation A–1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are 

not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this part, use a default 

GWP of 2,000.

(c) Emission factor testing. If you determine fluorinated 

GHG emissions using the site-specific process-vent-specific 

emission factor, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs 

(c)(1) through (c)(8) of this section.

(1) Process vent testing. Conduct an emissions test that is 

based on representative performance of the process or operating 

scenario(s) of the process, as applicable. Include in the 

emission test any fluorinated greenhouse gas that occurs in more 

than trace concentrations in the vent stream or, where a 

destruction device is used, in the inlet to the destruction 

device. You may include startup and shutdown events if the 

testing is sufficiently long or comprehensive to ensure that 

such events are not overrepresented in the emission factor. 

Malfunction events must not be included in the testing. If you 

conduct your emission testing after a destruction device, and if 

the outlet concentration of a fluorinated GHG that is fed into 
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the device is below the detection limit of the method, you may 

use a concentration of one-half the detection limit to estimate 

the emission factor.

(2) Number of runs. For continuous processes, sample the 

process vent for a minimum of 3 runs of 1 hour each. If the RSD 

of the emission factor calculated based on the first 3 runs is 

greater than or equal to 0.15 for the emission factor, continue 

to sample the process vent for an additional 3 runs of 1 hour 

each. If more than one fluorinated GHG is measured, the RSD must 

be expressed in terms of total CO2 equivalents. For fluorinated 

GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 to subpart A of this 

part, use a default GWP of 2,000 in the RSD calculation.

(3) Process activity measurements. Determine the mass rate 

of process feed, process production, or other process activity 

as applicable during the test using flow meters, weigh scales, 

or other measurement devices or instruments with an accuracy and 

precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better. These devices 

may be the same plant instruments or procedures that are used 

for accounting purposes (such as weigh hoppers, belt weigh 

feeders, combination of volume measurements and bulk density, 

etc.) if these devices or procedures meet the requirement. For 

monitoring ongoing process activity, use flow meters, weigh 

scales, or other measurement devices or instruments with an 

accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better.
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(4) Sample each process. If process vents from separate 

processes are manifolded together to a common vent or to a 

common destruction device, you must follow paragraph (c)(4)(i), 

(c)(4)(ii), or (c)(4)(iii) of this section.

(i) You may sample emissions from each process in the ducts 

before the emissions are combined.

(ii) You may sample in the common duct or at the outlet of 

the destruction device when only one process is operating.

(iii) You may sample the combined emissions and use 

engineering calculations and assessments as specified in 

§98.123(c)(4) to allocate the emissions to each manifolded 

process vent, provided the sum of the calculated fluorinated GHG 

emissions across the individual process vents is within 20 

percent of the total fluorinated GHG emissions measured during 

the manifolded testing.

(5) Emission test results. The results of an emission test 

must include the analysis of samples, number of test runs, the 

results of the RSD analysis, the analytical method used, 

determination of emissions, the process activity, and raw data 

and must identify the process, the operating scenario, the 

process vents tested, and the fluorinated GHGs that were 

included in the test (i.e., the fluorinated GHGs that occur in 

more than trace concentrations in the vent stream or, where a 

destruction device is used, in the inlet to the destruction 
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device, and any other fluorinated GHGs included in the test). 

The emissions test report must contain all information and data 

used to derive the process-vent-specific emission factor, as 

well as key process conditions during the test. Key process 

conditions include those that are normally monitored for process 

control purposes and may include but are not limited to yields, 

pressures, temperatures, etc. (e.g., of reactor vessels, 

distillation columns).

(7) Emissions testing frequency. You must conduct emissions 

testing to develop the process-vent-specific emission factor 

under paragraph (c)(7)(i) or (c)(7)(ii) of this section, 

whichever occurs first:

(i) 10-year revision. Conduct an emissions test every 10 

years. In the calculations under §98.123, apply the revised 

process-vent-specific emission factor to the process activity 

that occurs after the revision.

(ii) Operating scenario change that affects the emission 

factor. For planned operating scenario changes, you must 

estimate and compare the emission calculation factors for the 

changed operating scenario and for the original operating 

scenario whose process vent specific emission factor was 

measured. Use the calculation methods in §98.123(c)(4). If the 

emission calculation factor for the changed operating scenario 

is 15 percent or more different from the emission calculation 
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factor for the previous operating scenario (this includes the 

cumulative change in the emission calculation factor since the 

last emissions test), you must conduct an emissions test to 

update the process-vent-specific emission factor, unless the 

difference between the operating scenarios is solely due to the 

application of a destruction device to emissions under the 

changed operating scenario. Conduct the test before February 28 

of the year that immediately follows the change. In the 

calculations under §98.123, apply the revised process-ventspecific emission factor to the process activity that occurs 

after the operating scenario change.

(8) Subsequent measurements. If a continuous process vent 

with fluorinated GHG emissions less than 10,000 metric tons CO2

e, per §98.123(c)(2), is later found to have fluorinated GHG 

emissions of 10,000 metric tons CO2e or greater, you must conduct 

the emissions testing for the process vent during the following 

year and develop the process-vent-specific emission factor from 

the emissions testing.

(9) Previous measurements. If you have conducted an 

emissions test less than 10 years before December 31, 2010, and 

the emissions testing meets the requirements in paragraphs 

(c)(1) through (c)(8) of this section, you may use the previous 

emissions testing to develop process-vent-specific emission 

factors. For purposes of paragraph (c)(7)(i) of this section, 
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the date of the previous emissions test rather than December 31, 

2010 shall constitute the beginning of the 10-year remeasurement cycle.

(d) Emission calculation factor monitoring. If you 

determine fluorinated GHG emissions using the site-specific 

process-vent-specific emission calculation factor, you must meet 

the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(4) of this 

section.

(1) Operating scenario. Perform the emissions calculation 

for the process vent based on representative performance of the 

operating scenario of the process. If more than one operating 

scenario applies to the process that contains the subject 

process vent, you must conduct a separate emissions calculation 

for operation under each operating scenario. For each continuous 

process vent that contains more than trace concentrations of any 

fluorinated GHG and for each batch process vent that contains 

more than trace concentrations of any fluorinated GHG, develop 

the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor for each 

operating scenario. For continuous process vents, determine the 

emissions based on the process activity for the representative 

performance of the operating scenario. For batch process vents, 

determine emissions based on the process activity for each 

typical batch operating scenario.
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(2) Process activity measurements. Use flow meters, weigh 

scales, or other measurement devices or instruments with an 

accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better for 

monitoring ongoing process activity.

(3) Emission calculation results. The emission calculation 

must be documented by identifying the process, the operating 

scenario, and the process vents. The documentation must contain 

the information and data used to calculate the process-ventspecific emission calculation factor.

(4) Operating scenario change that affects the emission 

calculation factor. For planned operating scenario changes that 

are expected to change the process-vent-specific emission 

calculation factor, you must conduct an emissions calculation to 

update the process-vent-specific emission calculation factor. In 

the calculations under §98.123, apply the revised emission 

calculation factor to the process activity that occurs after the 

operating scenario change.

(5) Previous calculations. If you have performed an 

emissions calculation for the process vent and operating 

scenario less than 10 years before December 31, 2010, and the 

emissions calculation meets the requirements in paragraphs 

(d)(1) through (d)(4) of this section and in §98.123(c)(4)(i) 

and (c)(4)(ii), you may use the previous calculation to develop 
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the site-specific process-vent-specific emission calculation 

factor.

(e) Emission and stream testing, including analytical 

methods. Select and document testing and analytical methods as 

follows:

(1) Sampling and mass measurement for emission testing. For 

emission testing in process vents or at the stack, use methods 

for sampling, measuring volumetric flow rates, non-fluorinatedGHG gas analysis, and measuring stack gas moisture that have 

been validated using a scientifically sound validation protocol.

(i) Sample and velocity traverses. Acceptable methods 

include but are not limited to EPA Method 1 or 1A in Appendix A–

1 of 40 CFR part 60.

(ii) Velocity and volumetric flow rates. Acceptable methods 

include but are not limited to EPA Method 2, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2F, 

or 2G in Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60. Alternatives that may 

be used for determining flow rates include OTM–24 (incorporated 

by reference, see §98.7) and ALT–012 (incorporated by reference, 

see §98.7).

(iii) Non-fluorinated-GHG gas analysis. Acceptable methods 

include but are not limited to EPA Method 3, 3A, or 3B in 

Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60.

(iv) Stack gas moisture. Acceptable methods include but are 

not limited to EPA Method 4 in Appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60.
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(2) Analytical methods. Use a quality-assured analytical 

measurement technology capable of detecting the analyte of 

interest at the concentration of interest and use a sampling and 

analytical procedure validated with the analyte of interest at 

the concentration of interest. Where calibration standards for 

the analyte are not available, a chemically similar surrogate 

may be used. Acceptable analytical measurement technologies 

include but are not limited to gas chromatography (GC) with an 

appropriate detector, infrared (IR), fourier transform infrared

(FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Acceptable methods 

for determining fluorinated GHGs include EPA Method 18 in 

appendix A–1 of 40 CFR part 60, EPA Method 320 in appendix A of 

40 CFR part 63, EPA 430–R–10–003 (incorporated by reference, see

§98.7), ASTM D6348–03 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7), or 

other analytical methods validated using EPA Method 301 at 40 

CFR part 63, appendix A or some other scientifically sound 

validation protocol. Acceptable methods for determining total 

fluorine concentrations for fluorine-containing compounds in 

streams under paragraph (b)(3) of this section include ASTM 

D7359–08 (incorporated by reference, see §98.7), or other 

analytical methods validated using EPA Method 301 at 40 CFR part 

63, appendix A or some other scientifically sound validation 

protocol. The validation protocol may include analytical 

technology manufacturer specifications or recommendations.
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(3) Documentation in GHG Monitoring Plan. Describe the 

sampling, measurement, and analytical method(s) used under 

paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section in the GHG 

Monitoring Plan as required under §98.3(g)(5). Identify the 

methods used to obtain the samples and measurements listed under 

paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iv) of this section. At a 

minimum, include in the description of the analytical method a 

description of the analytical measurement equipment and 

procedures, quantitative estimates of the method's accuracy and 

precision for the analytes of interest at the concentrations of 

interest, as well as a description of how these accuracies and 

precisions were estimated, including the validation protocol 

used.

(f) Emission monitoring for pieces of equipment. If you 

conduct a site-specific leak detection method or monitoring 

approach for pieces of equipment, follow paragraph (f)(1) or 

(f)(2) of this section and follow paragraph (f)(3) of this 

section.

(1) Site-specific leak monitoring approach. You may develop 

a site-specific leak monitoring approach. You must validate the 

leak monitoring method and describe the method and the 

validation in the GHG Monitoring Plan. To validate the sitespecific method, you may, for example, release a known rate of 

the fluorinated GHGs or surrogates of interest, or you may 
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compare the results of the site-specific method to those of a 

method that has been validated for the fluorinated GHGs or 

surrogates of interest. In the description of the leak detection 

method and its validation, include a detailed description of the 

method, including the procedures and equipment used and any 

sampling strategies. Also include the rationale behind the 

method, including why the method is expected to result in an 

unbiased estimate of emissions from equipment leaks. If the 

method is based on methods that are used to detect or quantify 

leaks or other emissions in other regulations, standards, or 

guidelines, identify and describe the regulations, standards, or 

guidelines and why their methods are applicable to emissions of 

fluorinated GHGs or surrogates from leaks. Account for possible 

sources of error in the method, e.g., instrument detection 

limits, measurement biases, and sampling biases. Describe 

validation efforts, including but not limited to any comparisons 

against standard leaks or concentrations, any comparisons 

against other methods, and their results. If you use the 

Screening Ranges Approach, the EPA Correlation Approach, or the 

Unit-Specific Correlation Approach with a monitoring instrument 

that does not meet all of the specifications in EPA Method 21 at 

40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7, then explain how and why the 

monitoring instrument, as used at your facility, would 

nevertheless be expected to accurately detect and quantify 
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emissions of fluorinated GHGs or surrogates from process 

equipment, and describe how you verified its accuracy. For all 

methods, provide a quantitative estimate of the accuracy and 

precision of the method.

(2) EPA Method 21 monitoring. If you determine that EPA 

Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 is appropriate for 

monitoring a fluorinated GHG, conduct the screening value 

concentration measurements using EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 

60, appendix A–7 to determine the screening range data or the 

actual screening value data for the Screening Ranges Approach, 

EPA Correlation Approach, or the Unit-Specific Correlation 

Approach. For the one-time testing to develop the Unit-Specific 

Correlation equations in EPA–453/R–95–017 (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7), conduct the screening value concentration 

measurements using EPA Method 21 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A–7 

and the bagging procedures to measure mass emissions. 

Concentration measurements of bagged samples must be conducted 

using gas chromatography following EPA Method 18 analytical 

procedures or other method according to §98.124(e). Use methane 

or other appropriate compound as the calibration gas.

(3) Frequency of measurement and sampling. If you estimate 

emissions based on monitoring of equipment, conduct monitoring 

at least annually. Sample at least one-third of equipment 

annually (except for equipment that is unsafe-to-monitor, 
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difficult-to-monitor, insulated, or in heavy liquid service, 

pumps with dual mechanical seals, agitators with dual mechanical 

seals, pumps with no external shaft, agitators with no external 

shaft, pressure relief devices in gas and vapor service with an 

upstream rupture disk, sampling connection systems with closedloop or closed purge systems, and pieces of equipment whose 

leaks are routed through a closed vent system to a destruction 

device), changing the sample each year such that at the end of 

three years, all equipment in the process has been monitored. If 

you estimate emissions based on a sample of the equipment in the 

process, ensure that the sample is representative of the 

equipment in the process. If you have multiple processes that 

have similar types of equipment in similar service, and that 

produce or transform similar fluorinated GHGs (in terms of 

chemical composition, molecular weight, and vapor pressure) at 

similar pressures and concentrations, then you may annually 

sample all of the equipment in one third of these processes 

rather than one third of the equipment in each process.

(g) Destruction device performance testing. If you vent or 

otherwise feed fluorinated GHGs into a destruction device and 

apply the destruction efficiency of the device to one or more 

fluorinated GHGs in §98.123, you must conduct emissions testing 

to determine the destruction efficiency for each fluorinated GHG 

to which you apply the destruction efficiency. You must either 
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determine the destruction efficiency for the most-difficult-todestroy fluorinated GHG fed into the device (or a surrogate that 

is still more difficult to destroy) and apply that destruction 

efficiency to all the fluorinated GHGs fed into the device or 

alternatively determine different destruction efficiencies for 

different groups of fluorinated GHGs using the most-difficultto-destroy fluorinated GHG of each group (or a surrogate that is 

still more difficult to destroy).

(1) Destruction efficiency testing. You must sample the 

inlet and outlet of the destruction device for a minimum of 

three runs of 1 hour each to determine the destruction 

efficiency. You must conduct the emissions testing using the 

methods in paragraph (e) of this section. To determine the 

destruction efficiency, emission testing must be conducted when 

operating at high loads reasonably expected to occur (i.e., 

representative of high total fluorinated GHG load that will be 

sent to the device) and when destroying the most-difficult-todestroy fluorinated GHG (or a surrogate that is still more 

difficult to destroy) that is fed into the device from the 

processes subject to this subpart or that belongs to the group 

of fluorinated GHGs for which you wish to establish a DE. If the 

outlet concentration of a fluorinated GHG that is fed into the 

device is below the detection limit of the method, you may use a 
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concentration of one-half the detection limit to estimate the 

destruction efficiency.

(i) If perfluoromethane (CF4) is vented to the destruction 

device in any stream in more than trace concentrations, you must 

test and determine the destruction efficiency achieved 

specifically for CF4to take credit for the CF4 emissions 

reduction.

(ii) If sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is vented to the 

destruction device in any stream in more than trace 

concentrations, you must test and determine the destruction 

efficiency achieved specifically for SF6, or alternatively for 

CF4as a surrogate, to take credit for the SF6 emissions 

reduction.

(iii) If saturated perfluorocarbons other than CF4 are 

vented to the destruction device in any stream in more than 

trace concentrations, you must test and determine the 

destruction efficiency achieved for the lowest molecular weight 

saturated perfluorocarbon vented to the destruction device, or 

alternatively for a lower molecular weight saturated PFC or SF6

as a surrogate, to take credit for the PFC emission reduction.

(iv) For all other fluorinated GHGs that are vented to the 

destruction device in any stream in more than trace 

concentrations, you must test and determine the destruction 

efficiency achieved for the most-difficult-to-destroy 
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fluorinated GHG or surrogate vented to the destruction device. 

Examples of acceptable surrogates include the Class 1 compounds 

(ranked 1 through 34) in Appendix D, Table D–1 of “Guidance on 

Setting Permit Conditions and Reporting Trial Burn Results; 

Volume II of the Hazardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series,” 

January 1989, EPA Publication EPA 625/6–89/019. You can obtain a 

copy of this publication by contacting the Environmental 

Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 

20460, (202) 272–0167, http://www.epa.gov. 

(2) Destruction efficiency testing frequency. You must 

conduct emissions testing to determine the destruction 

efficiency as provided in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) or (ii) of this 

section, whichever occurs first:

(i) Conduct an emissions test every 10 years. In the 

calculations under §98.123, apply the updated destruction 

efficiency to the destruction that occurs after the test.

(ii) Destruction device changes that affect the destruction 

efficiency. If you make a change to the destruction device that 

would be expected to affect the destruction efficiency, you must 

conduct an emissions test to update the destruction efficiency. 

Conduct the test before the February 28 of the year that 

immediately follows the change. In the calculations under 

§98.123, apply the updated destruction efficiency to the 

destruction that occurs after the change to the device.
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(3) Previous testing.If you have conducted an emissions 

test within the 10 years prior to December 31, 2010, and the 

emissions testing meets the requirements in paragraph (g)(1) of 

this section, you may use the destruction efficiency determined 

during this previous emissions testing. For purposes of 

paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section, the date of the previous 

emissions test rather than December 31, 2010 shall constitute 

the beginning of the 10-year re-measurement cycle.

(4) Hazardous Waste Combustor testing. If a destruction 

device used to destroy fluorinated GHG is subject to subpart EEE 

of part 63 of this chapter or any portion of parts 260–270 of 

this chapter, you may apply the destruction efficiency 

specifically determined for CF4, SF6, PFCs other than CF4, and 

all other fluorinated GHGs under that test if the testing meets 

the criteria in paragraph (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(iv) of this 

section. If the testing of the destruction efficiency under 

subpart EEE of part 63 of this chapter was conducted more than 

10 years ago, you may use the most recent destruction efficiency 

test provided that the design, operation, or maintenance of the 

destruction device has not changed since the last destruction 

efficiency test in a manner that could affect the ability to 

achieve the destruction efficiency, and the hazardous waste is 

fed into the normal flame zone.
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(h) Mass of previously produced fluorinated GHGs fed into 

destruction device. You must measure the mass of each 

fluorinated GHG that is fed into the destruction device in more 

than trace concentrations and that was previously produced as 

defined at §98.410(b). Such fluorinated GHGs include but are not 

limited to quantities that are shipped to the facility by 

another facility for destruction and quantities that are 

returned to the facility for reclamation but are found to be 

irretrievably contaminated and are therefore destroyed. You must 

use flowmeters, weigh scales, or a combination of volumetric and 

density measurements with an accuracy and precision of ±1 

percent of full scale or better. If the measured mass includes 

more than trace concentrations of materials other than the 

fluorinated GHG being destroyed, you must measure the 

concentration of the fluorinated GHG being destroyed. You must 

multiply this concentration (mass fraction) by the mass 

measurement to obtain the mass of the fluorinated GHG fed into 

the destruction device.

(i) Emissions due to malfunctions of destruction device. In 

their estimates of the mass of fluorinated GHG destroyed, 

fluorinated gas production facilities that destroy fluorinated 

GHGs must account for any temporary reductions in the 

destruction efficiency that result from any malfunctions of the 

destruction device, including periods of operation outside of 
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the operating conditions defined in operating permit 

requirements and/or destruction device manufacturer 

specifications.

(j) Emissions due to process startup, shutdown, or 

malfunctions. Fluorinated GHG production facilities must account 

for fluorinated GHG emissions that occur as a result of 

startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions, either recording 

fluorinated GHG emissions during these events, or documenting 

that these events do not result in significant fluorinated GHG 

emissions. Facilities may use the calculation methods in 

§98.123(c)(1) to estimate emissions during startups, shutdowns, 

and malfunctions.

(k) Monitoring for venting residual fluorinated GHG in 

containers. Measure the residual fluorinated GHG in containers 

received by the facility either using scales or using pressure 

and temperature measurements. You may use pressure and 

temperature measurements only in cases where no liquid 

fluorinated GHG is present in the container. Scales must have an 

accuracy and precision of ±1 percent or better of the filled 

weight (gas plus tare) of the containers of fluorinated GHGs 

that are typically weighed on the scale. For example, for scales 

that are generally used to weigh cylinders that contain 115 

pounds of gas when full and that have a tare weight of 115 

pounds, this equates to ±1 percent of 230 pounds, or ±2.3 
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pounds. Pressure gauges and thermometers used to measure 

quantities that are monitored under this paragraph must have an 

accuracy and precision of ±1 percent of full scale or better.

(l) Initial scoping speciations, emissions testing, 

emission factor development, emission calculation factor 

development, emission characterization development, and 

destruction efficiency determinations must be completed by 

February 29, 2012 for processes and operating scenarios that 

operate between December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011. For 

other processes and operating scenarios, initial scoping 

speciations, emissions testing, emission factor development, 

emission calculation factor development, emission 

characterization development, and destruction efficiency 

determinations must be complete by February 28 of the year 

following the year in which the process or operating scenario 

commences or recommences.

(m) Calibrate all flow meters, weigh scales, and 

combinations of volumetric and density measures using monitoring 

instruments traceable to the International System of Units (SI) 

through the National Institute of Standards and Technology 

(NIST) or other recognized national measurement institute. 

Recalibrate all flow meters, weigh scales, and combinations of 

volumetric and density measures at the minimum frequency 

specified by the manufacturer. Use any of the following 
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applicable flow meter test methods or the calibration procedures 

specified by the flow meter, weigh-scale, or other volumetric or 

density measure manufacturer.

(1) ASME MFC–3M–2004 Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes 

Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi (incorporated by reference, 

see §98.7).

(2) ASME MFC–4M–1986 (Reaffirmed 1997) Measurement of Gas 

Flow by Turbine Meters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).

(3) ASME–MFC–5M–1985, (Reaffirmed 1994) Measurement of 

Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits Using Transit-Time Ultrasonic 

Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).

(4) ASME MFC–6M–1998 Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes 

Using Vortex Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).

(5) ASME MFC–7M–1987 (Reaffirmed 1992) Measurement of Gas 

Flow by means of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles (incorporated by 

reference, see §98.7).

(6) ASME MFC–9M–1988 (Reaffirmed 2001) Measurement of 

Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits by Weighing Method (incorporated 

by reference, see §98.7).

(7) ASME MFC–11M–2006 Measurement of Fluid Flow by means of 

Coriolis Mass Flowmeters (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).

(8) ASME MFC–14M–2003 Measurement of Fluid Flow Using Small 

Bore Precision Orifice Meters (incorporated by reference, see

§98.7).
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(n) All analytical equipment used to determine the 

concentration of fluorinated GHGs, including but not limited to 

gas chromatographs and associated detectors, infrared (IR), 

fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic 

resonance (NMR) devices, must be calibrated at a frequency 

needed to support the type of analysis specified in the GHG 

Monitoring Plan as required under §98.124(e)(3) and 93.3(g)(5). 

Quality assurance samples at the concentrations of concern must 

be used for the calibration. Such quality assurance samples must 

consist of or be prepared from certified standards of the 

analytes of concern where available; if not available, 

calibration must be performed by a method specified in the GHG 

Monitoring Plan.

(o) Special provisions for estimating 2011 and subsequent 

year emissions.

(1) Best available monitoring methods. To estimate 

emissions that occur from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, 

owners or operators may use best available monitoring methods 

for any parameter that cannot reasonably be measured according 

to the monitoring and QA/QC requirements of this subpart. The 

owner or operator must use the calculation methodologies and 

equations in §98.123, but may use the best available monitoring 

method for any parameter for which it is not reasonably feasible 

to acquire, install, or operate a required piece of monitoring 
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equipment, to procure measurement services from necessary 

providers, or to gain physical access to make required 

measurements in a facility by January 1, 2011. Starting no later 

than July 1, 2011, the owner or operator must discontinue using 

best available methods and begin following all applicable 

monitoring and QA/QC requirements of this part, except as 

provided in paragraphs (o)(2) through (o)(4) of this section. 

Best available monitoring methods means any of the following 

methods specified in this paragraph:

(i) Monitoring methods currently used by the facility that 

do not meet the specifications of this subpart.

(ii) Supplier data.

(iii) Engineering calculations or assessments.

(iv) Other company records.

(2) Requests for extension of the use of best available 

monitoring methods to estimate 2011 emissions: parameters other 

than scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission 

characterizations. The owner or operator may submit a request to 

the Administrator to use one or more best available monitoring 

methods for parameters other than scoping speciations, emission 

factors, or emission characterizations to estimate emissions 

that occur between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011.

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be 

submitted to EPA no later than February 28, 2011.
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(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the 

following information:

(A) A list of specific items of monitoring equipment and 

measurement services for which the request is being made and the 

locations (e.g., processes and vents) where each piece of 

monitoring equipment will be installed and where each 

measurement service will be provided.

(B) Identification of the specific rule requirements for 

which the monitoring equipment or measurement service is needed.

(C) A description of the reasons why the needed equipment 

could not be obtained, installed, or operated or why the needed 

measurement service could not be provided before July 1, 2011. 

The owner or operator must consider all of the data collection 

and emission calculation options outlined in the rule for a 

specific emissions source before claiming that a specific 

safety, technical, logistical, or legal barrier exists.

(D) If the reason for the extension is that the equipment 

cannot be purchased, delivered, or installed before July 1, 

2011, include supporting documentation such as the date the 

monitoring equipment was ordered, investigation of alternative 

suppliers, the dates by which alternative vendors promised 

delivery or installation, backorder notices or unexpected 

delays, descriptions of actions taken to expedite delivery or 
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installation, and the current expected date of delivery or 

installation.

(E) If the reason for the extension is that service 

providers were unable to provide necessary measurement services, 

include supporting documentation demonstrating that these 

services could not be acquired before July 1, 2011. This 

documentation must include written correspondence to and from at 

least two service providers stating that they will not be able 

to provide the necessary services before July 1, 2011.

(F) If the reason for the extension is that the process is 

operating continuously without process shutdown, include 

supporting documentation showing that it is not practicable to 

isolate the process equipment or unit and install the 

measurement device without a full shutdown or a hot tap, and 

that there is no opportunity before July 1, 2011 to install the 

device. Include the date of the three most recent shutdowns for 

each relevant process equipment or unit, the frequency of 

shutdowns for each relevant process equipment or unit, and the 

date of the next planned process equipment or unit shutdown.

(G) If the reason for the extension is that access to 

process streams, emissions streams, or destroyed streams, as 

applicable, could not be gained before July 1, 2011 for reasons 

other than the continuous operation of the process without 

shutdown, include illustrative documentation such as photographs 
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and engineering diagrams demonstrating that access could not be 

gained.

(H) A description of the best available monitoring methods 

that will be used and how their results will be applied (i.e., 

which calculation method will be used) to develop the emission 

estimate. Where the proposed best available monitoring method is 

the use of current monitoring data in the mass-balance approach, 

include the estimated relative and absolute errors of the massbalance approach using the current monitoring data.

(I) A description of the specific actions the owner or 

operator will take to comply with monitoring requirements by 

January 1, 2012.

(3) Requests for extension of the use of best available 

monitoring methods to estimate 2011 emissions: scoping 

speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations. 

The owner or operator may submit a request to the Administrator 

to use one or more best available monitoring methods for scoping 

speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations to 

estimate emissions that occur between July 1, 2011 and December 

31, 2011.

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be 

submitted to EPA no later than June 30, 2011.

(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the 

information outlined in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of this section, 
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substituting March 1, 2012 for July 1, 2011 and substituting 

March 1, 2013 for January 1, 2012.

(iii) Reporting of 2011 emissions using scoping 

speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations 

developed after February 29, 2012. Facilities that are approved 

to use best available monitoring methods in 2011 for scoping 

speciations, emission factors, or emission characterizations for 

certain processes must submit, by March 31, 2013, revised 2011 

emission estimates that reflect the scoping speciations, 

emission factors, and emission characterizations that are 

measured for those processes after February 29, 2012. If the 

operating scenario for 2011 is different from all of the 

operating scenarios for which emission factors are developed 

after February 29, 2012, use Equation L–23 at 

§98.123(c)(3)(viii) to adjust the emission factor(s) or emission 

characterizations measured for the post-February 29, 2012 

operating scenario(s) to account for the differences.

(4) Requests for extension of the use of best available 

monitoring methods to estimate emissions that occur after 2011. 

EPA does not anticipate approving the use of best available 

monitoring methods to estimate emissions that occur beyond 

December 31, 2011; however, EPA reserves the right to review 

requests for unique and extreme circumstances which include 
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safety, technical infeasibility, or inconsistency with other 

local, State or Federal regulations.

(i) Timing of request. The extension request must be 

submitted to EPA no later than June 30, 2011.

(ii) Content of request. Requests must contain the 

following information:

(A) The information outlined in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of 

this section. For scoping speciations, emission factors, and 

emission characterizations, substitute March 1, 2013 for July 1, 

2011 and substitute March 1, 2014 for January 1, 2012. For other 

parameters, substitute January 1, 2012 for July 1, 2011 and 

substitute January 1, 2013 for January 1, 2012.

(B) A detailed outline of the unique circumstances 

necessitating an extension, including specific data collection 

issues that do not meet safety regulations, technical 

infeasibility or specific laws or regulations that conflict with 

data collection. The owner or operator must consider all the 

data collection and emission calculation options outlined in the 

rule for a specific emissions source before claiming that a 

specific safety, technical or legal barrier exists.

(C) A detailed explanation and supporting documentation of 

how and when the owner or operator will receive the required 

data and/or services to comply with the reporting requirements 

of this subpart in the future.
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(E) The Administrator reserves the right to require that 

the owner or operator provide additional documentation.

(iii) Reporting of 2011 and subsequent year emissions using 

scoping speciations, emission factors, and emission 

characterizations developed after approval to use best available 

monitoring methods expires. Facilities that are approved to use 

best available monitoring methods in 2011 and subsequent years 

for scoping speciations, emission factors, or emission 

characterizations for certain processes must submit, by March 31 

of the year that begins one year after their approval to use 

best available monitoring method(s) expires, revised emission 

estimates for 2011 and subsequent years that reflect the scoping 

speciations, emission factors, and emission characterizations 

that are measured for those processes in 2013 or subsequent 

years. If the operating scenario for 2011 or subsequent years is 

different from all of the operating scenarios for which emission 

factors or emission characterizations are developed in 2013 or 

subsequent years, use Equation L–23 of §98.123(c)(3)(viii) to 

adjust the emission factor(s) or emission characterization(s) 

measured for the new operating scenario(s) to account for the 

differences.

(5) Approval criteria. To obtain approval, the owner or 

operator must demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction 

that it is not reasonably feasible to acquire, install, or 
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operate the required piece of monitoring equipment, to procure 

measurement services from necessary providers, or to gain 

physical access to make required measurements in a facility 

according to the requirements of this subpart by the dates 

specified in paragraphs (o)(2), (3), and (4) of this section for 

any of the reasons described in paragraph (o)(2)(ii) of this 

section, or, for requests under paragraph (o)(4) of this 

section, any of the reasons described in paragraph (o)(4)(ii)(B) 

of this section.

§ 98.125 Procedures for estimating missing data.

(a) A complete record of all measured parameters used in 

the GHG emissions calculations in §98.123 is required. 

Therefore, whenever a quality-assured value of a required 

parameter is unavailable, a substitute data value for the 

missing parameter must be used in the calculations as specified 

in the paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. You must document 

and keep records of the procedures used for all such estimates.

(b) For each missing value of the fluorinated GHG 

concentration or fluorine-containing compound concentration, the 

substitute data value must be the arithmetic average of the 

quality-assured values of that parameter immediately preceding 

and immediately following the missing data incident.

(c) For each missing value of the mass produced, fed into 

the production process, fed into the transformation process, or 
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fed into destruction devices, the substitute value of that 

parameter must be a secondary mass measurement where such a 

measurement is available. For example, if the mass produced is 

usually measured with a flowmeter at the inlet to the day tank 

and that flowmeter fails to meet an accuracy or precision test, 

malfunctions, or is rendered inoperable, then the mass produced 

may be estimated by calculating the change in volume in the day 

tank and multiplying it by the density of the product. Where a 

secondary mass measurement is not available, the substitute 

value of the parameter must be an estimate based on a related 

parameter. For example, if a flowmeter measuring the mass fed 

into a destruction device is rendered inoperable, then the mass 

fed into the destruction device may be estimated using the 

production rate and the previously observed relationship between 

the production rate and the mass flow rate into the destruction 

device.

§ 98.126 Data reporting requirements.

(a) All facilities. In addition to the information required 

by §98.3(c), you must report the information in paragraphs 

(a)(2) through (a)(6) of this section according to the schedule 

in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, except as otherwise 

provided in paragraph (j) of this section or in §98.3(c)(4)(vii) 

and Table A–7 of Subpart A of this part..
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(1) Frequency of reporting under paragraph (a) of this 

section. The information in paragraphs (a)(2), (5), and (6) of 

this section must be reported annually. The information in 

paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section must be reported once 

by March 31, 2012 for each process and operating scenarios that 

operates between December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011. For 

other processes and operating scenarios, the information in 

paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section must be reported once 

by March 31 of the year following the year in which the process 

or operating scenario commences or recommences.

(2) You must report the total mass in metric tons of each 

fluorinated GHG emitted from:

(i) Each fluorinated gas production process and all 

fluorinated gas production processes combined.

(ii) Each fluorinated gas transformation process that is 

not part of a fluorinated gas production process and all such 

fluorinated gas transformation processes combined, except report 

separately fluorinated GHG emissions from transformation 

processes where a fluorinated GHG reactant is produced at 

another facility.

(iii) Each fluorinated gas destruction process that is not 

part of a fluorinated gas production process or a fluorinated 

gas transformation process and all such fluorinated gas 

destruction processes combined.
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(iv) Venting of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers 

returned from the field.

(3) The chemical identities of the contents of the 

stream(s) (including process, emissions, and destroyed streams) 

analyzed under the initial scoping speciation of fluorinated GHG 

at §98.124(a), by process.

(4) The location and function of the stream(s) (including 

process streams, emissions streams, and destroyed streams) that 

were analyzed under the initial scoping speciation of 

fluorinated GHG at §98.124(a), by process.

(5) The methods used to determine the mass emissions of 

each fluorinated GHG, i.e., mass balance, process-vent-specific 

emission factor, or process-vent-specific emission calculation 

factor, at the facility. If you use the process-vent-specific 

emission factor or process-vent-specific emission calculation 

factor method, report the methods used to estimate emissions 

from equipment leaks.

(6) The chemical formula and total mass produced of the 

fluorinated gas product in metric tons, by chemical and process.

(b) Reporting for mass balance approach. For processes 

whose emissions are determined using the mass-balance approach 

under §98.123(b), you must report the information listed in 

paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(13) of this section for each 

process on an annual basis. Identify and separately report 
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fluorinated GHG emissions from transformation processes where 

the fluorinated GHG reactants are produced at another facility. 

If you use an element other than fluorine in the mass-balance 

equation pursuant to §98.123(b)(3), substitute that element for 

fluorine in the reporting requirements of this paragraph.

(1) If you calculate the relative and absolute errors under 

98.123(b)(1), the absolute and relative errors calculated under 

paragraph §98.123(b)(1), as well as the data (including 

quantities and their accuracies and precisions) used in these 

calculations.

(2) The balanced chemical equation that describes the 

reaction used to manufacture the fluorinated GHG product and 

each fluorinated GHG transformation product.

(3) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinated GHG 

reactant emitted from the process in metric tons.

(4) The mass and chemical formula of the fluorinated GHG 

product emitted from the process in metric tons.

(5) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinated GHG 

by-product emitted from the process in metric tons.

(6) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining reactant that is fed into the process (metric tons).

(7) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining product produced by the process (metric tons).
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(8) If you use §98.123(b)(4) to estimate the total mass of 

fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, report the 

following.

(i) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining product that is removed from the process and fed into 

the destruction device (metric tons).

(ii) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining by-product that is removed from the process and fed 

into the destruction device (metric tons).

(iii) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining reactant that is removed from the process and fed 

into the destruction device (metric tons).

(iv) The mass and chemical formula of each fluorinecontaining by-product that is removed from the process and 

recaptured (metric tons).

(v) The demonstrated destruction efficiency of the 

destruction device for each fluorinated GHG fed into the device 

from the process in greater than trace concentrations 

(fraction).

(9) If you use §98.123(b)(15) to estimate the total mass of 

fluorine in destroyed or recaptured streams, report the 

following.

(i) The mass of fluorine in each stream that is fed into 

the destruction device (metric tons).
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(ii) The mass of fluorine that is recaptured (metric tons).

(iii) The weighted average destruction efficiency of the 

destruction device calculated for each stream under 

§98.123(b)(16).

(10) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of each 

fluorine-containing reactant.

(11) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of the 

fluorine-containing product.

(12) The fraction of the mass emitted that consists of each 

fluorine-containing by-product.

(13) The method used to estimate the total mass of fluorine 

in destroyed or recaptured streams (specify §98.123(b)(4) or 

(15)).

(c) Reporting for emission factor and emission calculation 

factor approach. For processes whose emissions are determined 

using the emission factor approach under §98.123(c)(3) or the 

emission calculation factor under §98.123(c)(4), you must report 

the following for each process. Fluorinated GHG emissions from 

transformation processes where the fluorinated GHG reactants are 

produced at another facility must be identified and reported 

separately from other fluorinated GHG emissions.

(1) The identity and quantity of the process activity used 

to estimate emissions (e.g., tons of product produced or tons of 

reactant consumed).
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(2) The site-specific, process-vent-specific emission 

factor(s) or emission calculation factor for each process vent.

(3) The mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from each 

process vent (metric tons).

(4) The mass of each fluorinated GHG emitted from equipment 

leaks (metric tons).

(d) Reporting for missing data. Where missing data have 

been estimated pursuant to §98.125, you must report the reason 

the data were missing, the length of time the data were missing, 

the method used to estimate the missing data, and the estimates 

of those data.

(e) Reporting of destruction device excess emissions data. 

Each fluorinated gas production facility that destroys 

fluorinated GHGs must report the excess emissions that result 

from malfunctions of the destruction device, and these excess 

emissions would be reflected in the fluorinated GHG estimates in 

§98.123(b) and (c). Such excess emissions would occur if the 

destruction efficiency was reduced due to the malfunction.

(f) Reporting of destruction device testing. By March 31, 

2012 or by March 31 of the year immediately following the year 

in which it begins fluorinated GHG destruction, each fluorinated 

gas production facility that destroys fluorinated GHGs must 

submit a report containing the information in paragraphs (f)(1) 

through (f)(4) of this section. This report is one-time unless 
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you make a change to the destruction device that would be 

expected to affect its destruction efficiencies.

(1) Destruction efficiency (DE) of each destruction device 

for each fluorinated GHG whose destruction the facility reflects 

in §98.123, in accordance with §98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv).

(2) Chemical identity of the fluorinated GHG(s) used in the 

performance test conducted to determine destruction efficiency, 

including surrogates, and information on why the surrogate is 

sufficient to demonstrate the destruction efficiency for each 

fluorinated GHG, consistent with requirements in §98.124(g)(1), 

vented to the destruction device.

(3) Date of the most recent destruction device test.

(4) Name of all applicable Federal or State regulations 

that may apply to the destruction process.

(5) If you make a change to the destruction device that 

would be expected to affect its destruction efficiencies, submit 

a revised report that reflects the changes, including the 

revised destruction efficiencies measured for the device under 

§98.124(g)(2)(ii), by March 31 of the year that immediately 

follows the change.

(g) Reporting for destruction of previously produced 

fluorinated GHGs. Each fluorinated gas production facility that 

destroys fluorinated GHGs must report, separately from the 

fluorinated GHG emissions reported under paragraphs (b) or (c) 
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of this section, the following for each previously produced 

fluorinated GHG destroyed:

(1) The mass of the fluorinated GHG fed into the 

destruction device.

(2) The mass of the fluorinated GHG emitted from the 

destruction device.

(h) Reporting of emissions from venting of residual 

fluorinated GHGs from containers. Each fluorinated gas 

production facility that vents residual fluorinated GHGs from 

containers must report the following for each fluorinated GHG 

vented:

(1) The mass of the residual fluorinated GHG vented from 

each container size and type annually (tons).

(2) If applicable, the heel factor calculated for each 

container size and type.

(i) Reporting of fluorinated GHG products of incomplete 

combustion (PICs) of fluorinated gases. Each fluorinated gas 

production facility that destroys fluorinated gases must submit 

a one-time report by June 30, 2011, that describes any 

measurements, research, or analysis that it has performed or 

obtained that relate to the formation of products of incomplete 

combustion that are fluorinated GHGs during the destruction of 

fluorinated gases. The report must include the methods and 

results of any measurement or modeling studies, including the 
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products of incomplete combustion for which the exhaust stream 

was analyzed, as well as copies of relevant scientific papers, 

if available, or citations of the papers, if they are not. No 

new testing is required to fulfill this requirement.

(j) Special provisions for reporting years 2011, 2012, and 

2013 only. For reporting years 2011, 2012, and 2013, the owner 

or operator of a facility must comply with paragraphs (j)(1), 

(j)(2), and (j)(3) of this section.

(1) Timing. The owner or operator of a facility is not 

required to report the data elements at §98.3(c)(4)(iii) and 

paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(6), (b), (c), (d), (e), 

(f), (g), and (h) of this section until the later of March 31, 

2015 or the date set forth for that data element at 

§98.3(c)(4)(vii) and Table A–7 of Subpart A of this part.

(2) Excess emissions. Excess emissions of fluorinated GHGs 

resulting from destruction device malfunctions must be reflected 

in the reported facility-wide CO2e emissions but are not 

required to be reported separately.

(3) Calculation and reporting of CO2e. You must report the 

total fluorinated GHG emissions covered by this subpart, 

expressed in metric tons of CO2e. This includes emissions from 

all fluorinated gas production processes, all fluorinated gas 

transformation processes that are not part of a fluorinated gas 

production process, all fluorinated gas destruction processes 
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that are not part of a fluorinated gas production process or a 

fluorinated gas transformation process, and venting of residual 

fluorinated GHGs from containers returned from the field. To 

convert fluorinated GHG emissions to CO2e for reporting under 

this section, use Equation A–1 of §98.2. For fluorinated GHGs 

whose GWPs are not listed in Table A–1 of Subpart A of this 

part, use either the default GWP specified below or your best 

estimate of the GWP based on the information described in 

§98.123(c)(1)(vi)(A)(3). Use of quantitative structure activity 

relationships (QSARs) is an acceptable method for determining 

GWPs in situations where pure standards of the ‘‘target’’ 

fluorinated GHG are not available, the ‘‘target’’ fluorinated 

GHG cannot be isolated from gas streams, and FTIR spectra for 

the impurities are not available. 

(i) If you choose to use a default GWP rather than your 

best estimate of the GWP for fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not 

listed in Table A–1 of Subpart A of this part, use a default GWP 

of 10,000 for fluorinated GHGs that are fully fluorinated GHGs 

and use a default GWP of 2000 for other fluorinated GHGs.

(ii) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated 

GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that were 

calculated using the default GWP of 2000.
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(iii) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated 

GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that were 

calculated using the default GWP of 10,000.

(iv) Provide the total annual emissions across fluorinated 

GHGs for the entire facility, in metric tons of CO2e, that were 

calculated using the default GWP of 10,000.

§ 98.127 Records that must be retained.

In addition to the records required by §98.3(g), you must 

retain the dated records specified in paragraphs (a) through (k) 

of this section, as applicable.

(a) Process information records. 

(1) Identify all products and processes subject to this 

subpart. Include the unit identification as appropriate.

(2) Monthly and annual records, as applicable, of all 

analyses and calculations conducted as required under §98.123, 

including the data monitored under §98.124, and all information 

reported as required and §98.126.

(b) Scoping speciation. Retain records documenting the 

information reported under §98.126(a)(3) and (4).

(c) Mass-balance method. Retain the following records for 

each process for which the mass-balance method was used to 

estimate emissions. If you use an element other than fluorine in 

the mass-balance equation pursuant to §98.123(b)(3), substitute 
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that element for fluorine in the recordkeeping requirements of 

this paragraph.

(1) The data and calculations used to estimate the absolute 

and relative errors associated with use of the mass-balance 

approach.

(2) The data and calculations used to estimate the mass of 

fluorine emitted from the process.

(3) The data and calculations used to determine the 

fractions of the mass emitted consisting of each reactant (FERd), 

product (FEP), and by-product (FEBk), including the preliminary 

calculations in §98.123(b)(8)(i).

(d) Emission factor and emission calculation factor method. 

Retain the following records for each process for which the 

emission factor or emission calculation factor method was used 

to estimate emissions.

(1) Identify all continuous process vents with emissions of 

fluorinated GHGs that are less than 10,000 metric tons CO2e per 

year and all continuous process vents with emissions of 10,000 

metric tons CO2e per year or more. Include the data and 

calculation used to develop the preliminary estimate of 

emissions for each process vent.

(2) Identify all batch process vents.
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(3) For each vent, identify the method used to develop the 

factor (i.e., emission factor by emissions test or emission 

calculation factor).

(4) The emissions test data and reports (see §98.124(c)(5)) 

and the calculations used to determine the process-vent-specific 

emission factor, including the actual process-vent-specific 

emission factor, the average hourly emission rate of each 

fluorinated GHG from the process vent during the test and the 

process feed rate, process production rate, or other process 

activity rate during the test.

(5) The process-vent-specific emission calculation factor 

and the calculations used to determine the process-vent-specific 

emission calculation factor.

(6) The annual process production quantity or other process 

activity information in the appropriate units, along with the 

dates and time period during which the process was operating and 

dates and time periods the process vents are vented to the 

destruction device. As an alternative to date and time periods 

when process vents are vented to the destruction device, a 

facility may track dates and time periods that process vents bypass the destruction device.

(7) Calculations used to determine annual emissions of each 

fluorinated GHG for each process and the total fluorinated GHG 

emissions for all processes, i.e., total for facility.
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(e) Destruction efficiency testing. A fluorinated GHG 

production facility that destroys fluorinated GHGs and reflects 

this destruction in §98.123 must retain the emissions 

performance testing reports (including revised reports) for each 

destruction device. The emissions performance testing report 

must contain all information and data used to derive the 

destruction efficiency for each fluorinated GHG whose 

destruction the facility reflects in §98.123, as well as the key 

process and device conditions during the test. This information 

includes the following:

(1) Destruction efficiency (DE) determined for each 

fluorinated GHG whose destruction the facility reflects in 

§98.123, in accordance with §98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv).

(2) Chemical identity of the fluorinated GHG(s) used in the 

performance test conducted to determine destruction efficiency, 

including surrogates, and information on why the surrogate is 

sufficient to demonstrate destruction efficiency for each 

fluorinated GHG, consistent with requirements in 

§98.124(g)(1)(i) through (iv), vented to the destruction device.

(3) Mass flow rate of the stream containing the fluorinated 

GHG(s) or surrogate into the device during the test.

(4) Concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinated GHG 

or surrogate in the stream flowing into the device during the 

test.
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(5) Concentration (mass fraction) of each fluorinated GHG 

or surrogate at the outlet of the destruction device during the 

test.

(6) Mass flow rate at the outlet of the destruction device 

during the test.

(7) Test methods and analytical methods used to determine 

the mass flow rates and fluorinated GHG (or surrogate) 

concentrations of the streams flowing into and out of the 

destruction device during the test.

(8) Destruction device conditions that are normally 

monitored for device control, such as temperature, total mass 

flow rates into the device, and CO or O2levels.

(9) Name of all applicable Federal or State regulations 

that may apply to the destruction process.

(f) Equipment leak records. If you are subject to 

§98.123(d) of this subpart, you must maintain information on the 

number of each type of equipment; the service of each piece of 

equipment (gas, light liquid, heavy liquid); the concentration 

of each fluorinated GHG in the stream; each piece of equipment 

excluded from monitoring requirement; the time period each piece 

of equipment was in service, and the emission calculations for 

each fluorinated GHG for all processes. Depending on which 

equipment leak monitoring approach you follow, you must maintain 

information for equipment on the associated screening data 
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concentrations for greater than or equal to 10,000 ppmv and 

associated screening data concentrations for less than 10,000 

ppmv; associated actual screening data concentrations; and 

associated screening data and leak rate data (i.e., bagging) 

used to develop a unit-specific correlation. If you developed 

and follow a site-specific leak detection approach, provide the 

records for monitoring events and the emissions estimation 

calculations, as appropriate, consistent with the approach for 

equipment leak emission estimation in your GHG Monitoring Plan.

(g) Container heel records. If you vent residual 

fluorinated GHGs from containers, maintain the following records 

of the measurements and calculations used to estimate emissions 

of residual fluorinated GHGs from containers.

(i) If you measure the contents of each container, maintain 

records of these measurements and the calculations used to 

estimate emissions of each fluorinated GHG from each container 

size and type.

(ii) If you develop and apply container heel factors to 

estimate emissions, maintain records of the measurements and 

calculations used to develop the heel factor for each 

fluorinated GHG and each container size and type and of the 

number of containers of each fluorinated GHG and of each 

container size and type returned to your facility.
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(h) Missing data records. Where missing data have been 

estimated pursuant to §98.125, you must record the reason the 

data were missing, the length of time the data were missing, the 

method used to estimate the missing data, and the estimates of 

those data.

(i) All facilities. Dated records documenting the initial 

and periodic calibration of all analytical equipment used to 

determine the concentration of fluorinated GHGs, including but 

not limited to gas chromatographs, gas chromatography-mass 

spectrometry (GC/MS), gas chromatograph-electron capture 

detector (GC/ECD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 

nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) devices, and all mass 

measurement equipment such as weigh scales, flowmeters, and 

volumetric and density measures used to measure the quantities 

reported under this subpart, including the industry standards or 

manufacturer directions used for calibration pursuant to 

§98.124(e), (f), (g), (m), and (n).

(j) GHG Monitoring Plans, as described in §98.3(g)(5), must 

be completed by April 1, 2011.

(k) For fluorinated GHGs whose GWPs are not listed in Table 

A–1 to subpart A of this part, maintain records of the GWPs used 

to calculate facility-wide CO2e emissions under §98.127(j). 

Where you used your best estimate of the GWP, maintain records 

of the data and analysis used to develop that GWP, including the 
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data elements at §98.123(c)(1)(vi)(A)(1) through (3). If you 

have used QSARs to estimate the GWP, include information 

documenting the level of accuracy of the QSAR-derived GWP, 

including information on how the structure of the ‘‘target’’ 

fluorinated GHG is similar to the structures of the fluorinated 

GHGs used to model the radiative forcing and/or reaction rate of 

the ‘‘target’’ fluorinated GHG, the quality and quantity of the 

measurements of the radiative forcings and/or reaction rates of 

the fluorinated GHGs used to model these parameters for the 

‘‘target’’ fluorinated GHG, any estimated uncertainties of the 

modeled forcings and/or reaction rates, and descriptions and

results of any efforts to validate the QSAR model(s).

§ 98.128 Definitions.

Except as provided in this section, all of the terms used 

in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act 

and subpart A of this part. If a conflict exists between a 

definition provided in this subpart and a definition provided in 

subpart A, the definition in this subpart shall take precedence 

for the reporting requirements in this subpart.

Batch process or batch operation means a noncontinuous 

operation involving intermittent or discontinuous feed into 

equipment, and, in general, involves the emptying of the 

equipment after the batch operation ceases and prior to 

beginning a new operation. Addition of raw material and 
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withdrawal of product do not occur simultaneously in a batch 

operation.

Batch emission episode means a discrete venting episode 

associated with a vessel in a process; a vessel may have more 

than one batch emission episode. For example, a displacement of 

vapor resulting from the charging of a vessel with a feed 

material will result in a discrete emission episode that will 

last through the duration of the charge and will have an average 

flow rate equal to the rate of the charge. If the vessel is then 

heated, there will also be another discrete emission episode 

resulting from the expulsion of expanded vapor. Other emission 

episodes also may occur from the same vessel and other vessels 

in the process, depending on process operations.

By-product means a chemical that is produced coincidentally 

during the production of another chemical.

Completely destroyed means destroyed with a destruction 

efficiency of 99.99 percent or greater.

Completely recaptured means 99.99 percent or greater of 

each fluorinated GHG is removed from a stream.

Continuous process or operation means a process where the 

inputs and outputs flow continuously throughout the duration of 

the process. Continuous processes are typically steady state.

Destruction device means any device used to destroy 

fluorinated GHG.
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Destruction process means a process used to destroy 

fluorinated GHG in a destruction device such as a thermal 

incinerator or catalytic oxidizer.

Difficult-to-monitor means the equipment piece may not be 

monitored without elevating the monitoring personnel more than 2 

meters (7 feet) above a support surface or it is not accessible 

in a safe manner when it is in fluorinated GHG service.

Dual mechanical seal pump and dual mechanical seal agitator

means a pump or agitator equipped with a dual mechanical seal 

system that includes a barrier fluid system where the barrier 

fluid is not in light liquid service; each barrier fluid system 

is equipped with a sensor that will detect failure of the seal 

system, the barrier fluid system, or both; and meets the 

following requirements:

(1) Each dual mechanical seal system is operated with the 

barrier fluid at a pressure that is at all times (except periods 

of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) greater than the pump or 

agitator stuffing box pressure; or

(2) Equipped with a barrier fluid degassing reservoir that 

is routed to a process or fuel gas system or connected by a 

closed-vent system to a control device; or

(3) Equipped with a closed-loop system that purges the 

barrier fluid into a process stream.
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Equipment (for the purposes of §98.123(d) and §98.124(f) 

only) means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief 

device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, 

valve, connector, and instrumentation system in fluorinated GHG 

service for a process subject to this subpart; and any 

destruction devices or closed-vent systems to which processes 

subject to this subpart are vented.

Fluorinated gas means any fluorinated GHG, CFC, or HCFC.

Fully fluorinated GHGs means fluorinated GHGs that contain 

only single bonds and in which all available valence locations 

are filled by fluorine atoms. This includes but is not limited 

to saturated perfluorocarbons, SF6, NF3, SF5CF3, fully 

fluorinated linear, branched and cyclic alkanes, fully 

fluorinated ethers, fully fluorinated tertiary amines, fully 

fluorinated aminoethers, and perfluoropolyethers.

In fluorinated GHG service means that a piece of equipment 

either contains or contacts a feedstock, by-product, or product 

that is a liquid or gas and contains at least 5 percent by 

weight fluorinated GHG.

In gas and vapor service means that a piece of equipment in 

regulated material service contains a gas or vapor at operating 

conditions.
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In heavy liquid service means that a piece of equipment in 

regulated material service is not in gas and vapor service or in 

light liquid service.

In light liquid service means that a piece of equipment in 

regulated material service contains a liquid that meets the 

following conditions:

(1) The vapor pressure of one or more of the compounds is 

greater than 0.3 kilopascals at 20 °C.

(2) The total concentration of the pure compounds 

constituents having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 

kilopascals at 20 °C is equal to or greater than 20 percent by 

weight of the total process stream.

(3) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.

Note to definition of “in light liquid service”: Vapor 

pressures may be determined by standard reference texts or ASTM 

D–2879, (incorporated by reference, see §98.7).

In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an 

internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below ambient 

pressure.

Isolated intermediate means a product of a process that is 

stored before subsequent processing. An isolated intermediate is 

usually a product of chemical synthesis. Storage of an isolated 

intermediate marks the end of a process. Storage occurs at any 
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time the intermediate is placed in equipment used solely for 

storage.

No external shaft pump and No external shaft agitator means

any pump or agitator that is designed with no externally 

actuated shaft penetrating the pump or agitator housing.

Operating scenario means any specific operation of a 

process and includes the information specified in paragraphs (1) 

through (5) of this definition for each process. A change or 

series of changes to any of these elements, except for paragraph 

(4) of this definition, constitutes a different operating 

scenario.

(1) A description of the process, the specific process 

equipment used, and the range of operating conditions for the 

process.

(2) An identification of related process vents, their 

associated emissions episodes and durations, and calculations 

and engineering analyses to show the annual uncontrolled 

fluorinated GHG emissions from the process vent.

(3) The control or destruction devices used, as applicable, 

including a description of operating and/or testing conditions 

for any associated destruction device.

(4) The process vents (including those from other 

processes) that are simultaneously routed to the control or 

destruction device(s).
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(5) The applicable monitoring requirements and any 

parametric level that assures destruction or removal for all 

emissions routed to the control or destruction device.

Process means all equipment that collectively functions to 

produce a fluorinated gas product, including an isolated 

intermediate (which is also a fluorinated gas product), or to 

transform a fluorinated gas product. A process may consist of 

one or more unit operations. For the purposes of this subpart, 

process includes any, all, or a combination of reaction, 

recovery, separation, purification, or other activity, 

operation, manufacture, or treatment which are used to produce a 

fluorinated gas product. For a continuous process, cleaning 

operations conducted may be considered part of the process, at 

the discretion of the facility. For a batch process, cleaning 

operations are part of the process. Ancillary activities are not 

considered a process or part of any process under this subpart. 

Ancillary activities include boilers and incinerators, chillers 

and refrigeration systems, and other equipment and activities 

that are not directly involved (i.e., they operate within a 

closed system and materials are not combined with process 

fluids) in the processing of raw materials or the manufacturing 

of a fluorinated gas product.

Process condenser means a condenser whose primary purpose 

is to recover material as an integral part of a process. All 
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condensers recovering condensate from a process vent at or above 

the boiling point or all condensers in line prior to a vacuum 

source are considered process condensers. Typically, a primary 

condenser or condensers in series are considered to be integral 

to the process if they are capable of and normally used for the 

purpose of recovering chemicals for fuel value (i.e., net 

positive heating value), use, reuse or for sale for fuel value, 

use, or reuse.

Process vent (for the purposes of this subpart only) means

a vent from a process vessel or vents from multiple process 

vessels within a process that are manifolded together into a 

common header, through which a fluorinated GHG-containing gas 

stream is, or has the potential to be, released to the 

atmosphere (or the point of entry into a control device, if 

any). Examples of process vents include, but are not limited to, 

vents on condensers used for product recovery, bottoms 

receivers, surge control vessels, reactors, filters, 

centrifuges, and process tanks. Process vents do not include 

vents on storage tanks, wastewater emission sources, or pieces 

of equipment.

Typical batch means a batch process operated within a range 

of operating conditions that are documented in an operating 

scenario. Emissions from a typical batch are based on the 

operating conditions that result in representative emissions. 
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The typical batch defines the uncontrolled emissions for each 

emission episode defined under the operating scenario.

Uncontrolled fluorinated GHG emissions means a gas stream 

containing fluorinated GHG which has exited the process (or 

process condenser or control condenser, where applicable), but 

which has not yet been introduced into a destruction device to 

reduce the mass of fluorinated GHG in the stream. If the 

emissions from the process are not routed to a destruction 

device, uncontrolled emissions are those fluorinated GHG 

emissions released to the atmosphere.

Unsafe-to-monitor means that monitoring personnel would be 

exposed to an immediate danger as a consequence of monitoring 

the piece of equipment. Examples of unsafe-to-monitor equipment 

include, but are not limited to, equipment under extreme 

pressure or heat.