Summary of WRAP RMC BART Modeling for Montana 

Draft #5 

May 30, 2007 

More Information: http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/aqm/308/bart.shtml

Montana BART Webpage: http://www.deq.state.mt.us/AirQuality/Visibility.asp

This document summarizes the preliminary CALMET/CALPUFF BART modeling results performed by 

the WRAP RMC for Montana. The procedures used are outlined in the Montana BART Modeling 

Protocol that is available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/region8/air/mtregionalhaze.html

The basic assumptions in the WRAP BART CALMET/CALPUFF modeling are as follows: 

• Use of three years of modeling of 2001, 2002 and 2003 (except Alaska where just one year, 2002, 

was used). 

• Visibility impacts due to emissions of SO2, NOx and primary PM emissions were calculated 

(even for Section 309 States): 

o Unless States provided speciated PM emissions, all PM emissions were modeled as 

PM2.5. 

• Visibility was calculated using the Original IMPROVE equation and Annual Average Natural 

Conditions. 

The tables that follow contain for each Montana BART source the following information: 

• The first row contains the source number, name and SO2 and NOx emissions that were provided 

by the State. 

• Each subsequent row has information on the visibility impacts at Class I area, with the columns 

containing the following information for the indicated Class I area: 

1. The four-letter Class I area identifier that is also used in the map of CALPUFF 

modeling domain that shows Class I areas and source locations; 

2. Name of Class I area; 

3. The distance (km) between the source and the closest receptor in the Class I area; 

4. The maximum visibility impact in deciview across the three years of modeling; 

5. The 99th percentile (i.e., 11th highest) visibility impact across the three years of 

modeling; 

6. The 98th percentile (i.e., 22th highest) visibility impact across the three years of 

modeling; 

7. The number of days the visibility impact at the Class I area exceeded the 0.5 dv 

threshold; 

8. The 98th percentile (8th highest) visibility impacts in 2001; 

9. The 98th percentile (8th highest) visibility impacts in 2002; 

10. The 98th percentile (8th highest) visibility impacts in 2003; 

11. The average of the 98th percentile across 2001, 2002 and 2003 
The CALPUFF model version number used in these analyses is 6.112. 

The Columbia Falls Al source lies within 10 km of Glacier National Park (glac) Class I area. In 

the April 15, 2003 modeling guidelines, EPA classified CALPUFF as the preferred air quality 

model for distances beyond 50 km from the source and may be used for impacts less than 50 km 

under complex flow conditions on a case-by-case basis. Consequently, the receptors at the 

Glacier NP Class I area are divided into those > 50 km from the source and those within 10-50 

km of the source. 

Table 1. Summary of maximum 24-hour actual emissions in pounds per hour (lb/hr) used 

in the Montana BART CALPUFF modeling. 

Source SO2 SO4 NOx SOA EC PMC PMF

Cenex-Laurel Refinery113.7 0.0 69.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 

Ashgrove Cement 285.8 19.5 439.2 0.5 0.0 8.3 8.4 

Holcim Inc 340.0 7.2 784.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 23.0 

Columbia Falls Al 186.3 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.9 

Exxon Billings Ref216.0 0.0 227.9 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.6 

Colstrip Units 1&2 5440.0 217.4 3753.0 54.4 3.4 37.4 27.2 

Corette (PPL) 143.0 11.7 76.2 2.3 0.2 2.0 1.5 

Smurfit Stone 49.2 0.0 112.9 0.0 0.0 2.5 24.5 

Montana Sulfur 744.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 

*Company-reported maximum actual 24 hour average emission rate. Emissions reported here are from 

table on website: http://pah.cert.ucr.edu/aqm/308/bart/MTBART_act24_emiss.doc. Emissions used in 

modeling were provided by EPA Region 8 and may be different. 

1Recent permit changes may reduce emissions below levels shown. 

2Recent Consent Decree requirements with EPA may reduce emissions below levels shown. 
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 

0

100200300400500

Ashgrove

Cnxnap

Colstrip

Corrette

Cpcfacgl

Holcim

Smurfit

Exxon

anac

boma

camo

eaca

gamo

glac

heca

mimo

noab

redr

sawt

scap

selw

teto

ulbe

wash

yell

Figure 1. CALMET/CALPUFF modeling domain and relationship between Montana potential BART-eligible sou
Source = Ashgrove Cement: SO2 = 1,337 TPY; NOx = 1,924 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 30 5.04 2.94 2.17 222 2.17 scap Scapegoat 80 1.33 0.52 0.34 11 0.36 anac Anaconda - Pintler 113 0.43 0.15 0.08 0 0.09 boma Bob Marshall 116 1.77 0.42 0.30 6 0.39 mimo Mission Mountains WA 162 0.35 0.10 0.05 0 0.05 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 173 0.09 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 yell Yellowstone NP 175 0.07 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 redr Red Rock Lakes 207 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 glac Theodore Roosevelt NP 223 0.25 0.11 0.05 0 0.10 noab North Absaroka Wilderness 228 0.03 0.01 0.00 0 0.00 wash Washakie Wilderness 276 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 teto Teton Wilderness 289 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 ulbe UL Bend 314 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 315 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 356 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 365 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 426 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 598 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 649 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 743 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Cenex-Laurel Refinery: SOx = 60 TPY; NOx = 304 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

noab North Absaroka Wilderness 113 0.12 0.05 0.04 0 0.03 yell Yellowstone NP 119 0.06 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 wash Washakie Wilderness 150 0.07 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 teto Teton Wilderness 176 0.02 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 ulbe UL Bend 211 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 redr Red Rock Lakes 251 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 263 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 scap Scapegoat 334 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 anac Anaconda - Pintler 344 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 boma Bob Marshall 370 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 mimo Mission Mountains WA 423 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 423 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 428 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 449 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 glac Theodore Roosevelt NP 456 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 518 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WiA 576 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 577 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 603 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 648 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Colstrip Units 1&2: SOx = 24,779 TPY; NOx = 16,438 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

ulbe UL Bend 200 4.69 2.71 1.95 132 2.52 noab North Absaroka Wilderness 254 3.94 2.22 1.30 54 1.17 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 260 6.03 2.60 2.25 176 2.24 wash Washakie Wilderness 278 1.93 1.35 0.69 36 0.61 yell Yellowstone NP 281 3.12 1.30 0.74 35 0.74 teto Teton Wilderness 312 1.06 0.50 0.35 10 0.34 medi Medicine Lake 328 3.26 2.00 1.51 101 1.75 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 406 0.46 0.09 0.05 0 0.08 redr Red Rock Lakes 417 0.38 0.08 0.04 0 0.04 lost Lostwood 435 1.90 1.32 1.04 60 1.00 scap Scapegoat 476 0.24 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 anac Anaconda - Pintler 508 0.17 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 boma Bob Marshall 509 0.19 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 mimo Mission Mountains WA 568 0.10 0.01 0.00 0 0.01 glac Theodore Roosevelt NP 576 0.16 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 588 0.08 0.01 0.00 0 0.00 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 685 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 715 0.03 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 765 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 816 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Corette (PPL): SOx = 678 TPY; NOx = 334 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

noab North Absaroka Wilderness 137 1.60 0.83 0.65 37 0.65 yell Yellowstone NP 145 1.03 0.53 0.42 14 0.44 wash Washakie Wilderness 171 0.78 0.56 0.45 15 0.45 ulbe UL Bend 192 2.29 1.02 0.79 41 0.91 teto Teton Wilderness 199 0.65 0.23 0.17 1 0.15 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 276 1.55 0.54 0.35 14 0.31 redr Red Rock Lakes 277 0.56 0.21 0.14 1 0.08 scap Scapegoat 347 1.70 0.34 0.24 8 0.22 anac Anaconda - Pintler 364 1.37 0.29 0.19 7 0.11 boma Bob Marshall 383 1.97 0.34 0.22 6 0.24 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 398 1.65 0.73 0.55 28 0.51 medi Medicine Lake 425 1.09 0.54 0.45 16 0.51 mimo Mission Mountains WA 437 2.03 0.25 0.14 3 0.14 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 449 2.07 0.28 0.13 3 0.07 glac Glacier NP 464 1.13 0.19 0.14 2 0.14 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 541 0.19 0.05 0.02 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 552 0.64 0.36 0.24 5 0.24 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 588 0.96 0.08 0.05 1 0.04 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 620 0.40 0.05 0.02 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 670 0.20 0.03 0.01 0 0.00 
Source = Columbia Falls Al: SOx = 816 TPY; NOx = 11 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

glac Glacier NP 10-50 5.72 4.40 3.79 434 3.13 glac Glacier NP > 50 0.13 0.03 0.00 0 0.00 boma Bob Marshall 76 0.21 0.13 0.11 0 0.10 mimo Mission Mountains WA 80 0.21 0.10 0.07 0 0.06 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 111 0.24 0.15 0.11 0 0.11 scap Scapegoat 130 0.11 0.07 0.05 0 0.04 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 191 0.12 0.04 0.03 0 0.02 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 237 0.07 0.04 0.03 0 0.03 anac Anaconda - Pintler 263 0.08 0.02 0.02 0 0.01 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 345 0.03 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 417 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 yell Yellowstone NP 435 0.03 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 redr Red Rock Lakes 449 0.02 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 ulbe UL Bend 458 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 469 0.05 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 noab North Absaroka Wilderness 493 0.01 0.01 0.00 0 0.00 wash Washakie Wilderness 540 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 teto Teton Wilderness 553 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 711 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 795 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 857 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Exxon Billings Refinery: SOx = 70 TPY; NOx = 998 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

noab North Absaroka Wilderness 143 0.30 0.12 0.09 0 0.09 yell Yellowstone NP 150 0.16 0.07 0.06 0 0.07 wash Washakie Wilderness 176 0.18 0.07 0.05 0 0.06 ulbe UL Bend 187 0.17 0.09 0.07 0 0.08 teto Teton Wilderness 205 0.08 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 277 0.15 0.03 0.02 0 0.01 redr Red Rock Lakes 282 0.07 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 scap Scapegoat 348 0.04 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 anac Anaconda - Pintler 368 0.04 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 boma Bob Marshall 384 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 393 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 419 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 mimo Mission Mountains WA 438 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 451 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 glac Glacier NP 464 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 546 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 546 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 589 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 623 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 674 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Holcim: SOx = 1,521 TPY; NOx = 3,434 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

yell Yellowstone NP 100 1.55 0.62 0.49 20 0.30 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 101 2.71 0.95 0.59 29 1.02 anac Anaconda - Pintler 132 0.70 0.35 0.21 7 0.23 redr Red Rock Lakes 141 1.23 0.32 0.19 3 0.16 scap Scapegoat 154 1.44 0.55 0.25 12 0.28 noab North Absaroka Wilderness 157 1.45 0.44 0.30 7 0.20 boma Bob Marshall 189 1.33 0.41 0.21 8 0.28 wash Washakie Wilderness 202 0.35 0.16 0.10 0 0.07 teto Theodore Roosevelt NP 214 0.23 0.10 0.06 0 0.04 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 217 1.56 0.22 0.13 2 0.10 mimo Mission Mountains WA 230 1.43 0.20 0.11 5 0.12 glac Glacier NP 298 0.56 0.14 0.10 1 0.11 ulbe UL Bend 318 0.05 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 338 0.18 0.02 0.01 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 381 0.33 0.04 0.02 0 0.02 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 388 0.05 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 442 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 597 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 614 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 739 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Montana Sulfur: SOx = 3,259 TPY; NOx = 13 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

noab North Absaroka Wilderness 143 0.51 0.29 0.20 1 0.19 yell Yellowstone NP 151 0.34 0.20 0.16 0 0.14 wash Washakie Wilderness 176 0.32 0.18 0.13 0 0.13 ulbe UL Bend 187 0.75 0.37 0.28 6 0.30 teto Teton Wilderness 205 0.18 0.09 0.07 0 0.05 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 278 0.69 0.20 0.12 1 0.12 redr Red Rock Lakes 282 0.24 0.09 0.05 0 0.04 scap Scapegoat 349 0.75 0.15 0.10 2 0.10 anac Anaconda - Pintler 368 0.60 0.10 0.06 1 0.05 boma Bob Marshall 384 0.89 0.13 0.10 2 0.10 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 392 0.53 0.23 0.17 1 0.15 medi Medicine Lake 419 0.42 0.21 0.13 0 0.12 mimo Mission Mountains WA 439 0.95 0.08 0.05 1 0.04 selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 452 0.97 0.09 0.04 1 0.03 glac Glacier NP 465 0.53 0.09 0.07 1 0.06 lost Lostwood 546 0.26 0.11 0.07 0 0.06 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 547 0.09 0.03 0.01 0 0.00 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 589 0.49 0.04 0.02 0 0.02 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 624 0.20 0.03 0.01 0 0.00 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 675 0.10 0.02 0.00 0 0.00 
Source = Smurfit Stone: SOx = 215 TPY; NOx = 495 TPY 

Class I Area 

MinimumDistance 

Max

Delta-dv 

99th

Delta-dv 

98th

Delta-dv # Days 

> 0.5 dv 

98th Perce

(km) (dv) (dv) (dv) 2001 

selw Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 32 0.98 0.32 0.20 2 0.17 mimo Mission Mountains WA 44 0.99 0.42 0.29 4 0.36 boma Bob Marshall 69 0.54 0.25 0.21 1 0.18 scap Scapegoat 89 0.30 0.21 0.18 0 0.12 anac Anaconda - Pintler 116 0.21 0.10 0.07 0 0.06 camo Cabinet Mountains WA 150 0.24 0.16 0.12 0 0.14 glac Glacier NP 150 0.45 0.20 0.14 0 0.19 gamo Gates of the Mountains WA 173 0.18 0.13 0.09 0 0.06 heca Hells Canyon Wilderness 226 0.05 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 eaca Eagle Cap Wilderness 296 0.02 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 redr Red Rock Lakes 312 0.04 0.03 0.02 0 0.01 sawt Sawtooth Wilderness 312 0.06 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 yell Yellowstone NP 317 0.05 0.03 0.02 0 0.02 noab North Absaroka Wilderness 392 0.03 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 wash Washakie Wilderness 428 0.02 0.01 0.01 0 0.00 teto Teton Wilderness 439 0.02 0.01 0.00 0 0.00 ulbe UL Bend 466 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 medi Medicine Lake 743 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 thro Theodore Roosevelt NP 799 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 lost Lostwood 891 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00