# DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS, 1999 - 2000

% %% % %% % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% %% % % % % % %% % %% %

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% %% % % % %%% % % %%

%

% % %% % % % %

% % %% %% % % % % % % % % %% % % %

% %% %% %% % %%% %% % % % %%% %% % % % % % %% %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % % % % %% % %% % % % % % %% % %% % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % %%% % % %% % % % % % %% % %%% % %% %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % %% % % %% % % % % %%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 

# Y # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S

# S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S



# $ T

# S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S



# $ T

$ T $ T $ T 

# Y

# R i 

### v 

## e 

# r



# LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. WAKULLA CO. LEON CO.



# FRANKLIN CO. Panacea Woodville

Crawfordville 

# Jackson

O

c h l o c k o n e e

S t . M a 

### r 

## k 

# s 

# R i v e r 

# Lake Lafayette Lake GADSDEN CO.



# A palachicola

N ational

Forest Marks St. Midway

Sopchoppy Wakulla

Newport W

a k u



# l l 

# a 

# Tallahassee

R 

# i v 

# e r 

# ø ÷ 363 

# ( / 98 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# ( / 319


# % g 36

5 

# " ! 61 

# ø ÷ 26

7



# B A Y A P A L A C H E E St. Marks National Wildlife RefugeNWFWMDSRWMD JEFFERSON CO.



# ( / 319 

# ( / 98 

# ( / 90 

# . - , 10 

# ( / 90 

# ( / 2 7

# 6.2

0.1 0.1 5.0 0.1 3.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.9

7.3 1.5 6.2 0.1 1.2 3.4 7.0 2.8 6.3 1.8 8.5 5.6

1.3 0.3

0.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

3.5

0.1 8.3 0.1 1.1 1.5 2.2 0.1 7.2

4.0

9.3 3.7 9.2

11.9 10.6 L

a k e T

a

l 

# q u



# i n 

# L. Miccosuk ee



# Lake Munson



# Wakulla Springs St. Marks Rise



# Y Spring

Creek



# 0 51 0 Miles



# N (Concentration mg-O/L) SW Sampling Location $ T # S 

# GW Sampling Location
Springs 

# Y District Boundary

County Boundary U.S. Highways

Rivers Conduit System State/County Roads Lakes Incorporated Areas Public Lands

01-06-018 

# FIGURE 39

# pH, 1999 - 2000

% %% % %% % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% %% % % % % % %% % %% %

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% % %% % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %%

% % % %% % % %% % % %% % % % %% % %% % % %% % % % %%% % % % %% %% %% %% % % % %% %% % % % % % % %% % %% %%% % % % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% %% %% %% % % % %% %% % % % % % % %% % %% %%% % % % % %

% %% % % % %%% % % %%

%

% % %% % % % %

% % %% %% % % % % % % % % %% % % %

% %% %% %% % %%% %% % % % %%% %% % % % % % %% %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % % % % %% % %% % % % % % %% % %% % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % %%% % % %% % % % % % %% % %%% % %% %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % %% % % %% % % % % %%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 

# Y
Y # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S

# S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S



# $ T

# S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S



# $ T

$ T $ T $ T

#

R i 

### v 

## e 

# r



# LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. WAKULLA CO. LEON CO.



# FRANKLIN CO. Panacea Woodville

Crawfordville 

# Jackson

O

c h l o c k o n e e

S t . M a 

### r 

## k 

# s 

# R i v e r 

# Lake Lafayette Lake GADSDEN CO.



# A palachicola

N ational

Forest Marks St. Midway

Sopchoppy Wakulla

Newport 

# Wakulla Springs W

a k u



# l l 

# a 

# Tallahassee

R 

# i v 

# e r 

# ø ÷ 363 

# ( / 98 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# ( / 319


# % g 36

5 

# " ! 61 

# ø ÷ 26

7



# B A Y A P A L A C H E E St. Marks National Wildlife RefugeNWFWMDSRWMD JEFFERSON CO.



# ( / 319 

# ( / 98 

# ( / 90 

# . - , 10 

# ( / 90 

# ( / 2 7

# 7.5

7.2 7.6 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.1 7.9 7.6 7.4

7.5 7.1 7.9 6.8 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.8

7.4

7.7 7.4

7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.2 8.1 7.3 7.6 7.4

7.7

7.8 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 5.3 7.7

6.7

5.3 6.4 3.5 

# L

a k

e T



# a

l 

# q u



# i n



# St. Marks Rise 

# Lake Munson L. Miccosuk ee



# Y Spring

Creek



# 0 51 0 Miles



# N SW Sampling Location 

# $ T

# S 

# GW Sampling Location Springs 

# Y District Boundary Lakes Incorporated Areas Public Lands County Boundary U.S. Highways

Rivers Conduit System State/County Roads

01-06-019 

# FIGURE 40

# 61 All remaining ground water sites had pH values between 6.8 to 8.5 su. pH was generally higher with increasing well depth.
Specific Conductance Specific conductance levels were measured in the field coincident with sampling. Levels ranged from 41 to 130 μ mhos/cm in surface water inflows (Lost Creek, Fisher Creek, Ames Sink, Figure 41). Levels in surface water outflows (Middle River Sink, Wakulla Springs, Sally Ward Spring and McBride Slough) range from 211 to 337 μ mhos/cm. Ground water levels ranged from 60 to 1,180 μ mhos/cm. The ground water median specific conductance was 291 μ mhos/cm.
Orthophosphate Samples were analyzed for orthophosphate (PO 4 

# -P) in the laboratory. Levels ranged from 0.01 to 0.64 mg/L with a median value of 0.03 mg/L (Figure 42). The median value for ground water (0.02 mg/L) is lower than the median value for surface water (0.04 mg/L), but the highest values were in some wells near the coast.

Nitrate Concentrations as a Function of Time

City of Tallahassee Public Supply Wells The City of Tallahassee provided NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N data for 29 Floridan Aquifer public supply wells in their system (Appendix A, Table A5, Figure 43). Due to their relatively long open-hole intervals, regular pumping, long periods of record, large zones of contribution and high discharge volumes, these wells are of particular interest. Specifically, the data represent the best available insight into the spatial distribution of NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N in the Floridan Aquifer beneath the semi-confined portion of the study area. Data collection for some wells began in the early 1980s. Others began at various times since. Data given in Figure 44 for Woodville #1 and #2 were supplemented by three data points (Woodville #1 on 7/14/1980 and Woodville #2 on 1/19/1978 and 7/14/1980) obtained from FDEP (Cliff McKeown, personal communication, 2001).

NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N concentrations in individual wells are relatively invariant as a function of time (Figure 44). Statistical analyses of these time series were performed using Spearman and Kendall tau correlation statistics (Katz, personal communication, 2001). Seventeen of the 29 wells showed no statistically significant trend. Seven wells (#10, #12, #17, #20, #21, #22, and #27) showed a slight increasing trend (p<0.05) in NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N levels over time. Five wells (#7, #13, #15, #19, and #23) showed a slight decreasing trend (p<0.05). Wells #12, #17 and #27 are located in the southeast quadrant of the city, within the city limits. Wells #20, #21 and #22 are located near the intersection of Highway 90E and I-10 and lie within about one mile of each other. There is a high concentration of septic tanks in the immediate vicinity of these wells. The declining wells lie in the northwest quadrant of the city, south and east of Lake Jackson.
Data from the 29 City of Tallahassee wells were then aggregated in several subsets based on location. The semi-confined well data set (716 values from 27 wells, excluding the two Woodville wells) showed no significant trend in NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N concentration over time. The median concentration from this set of wells is 0.33 mg-N/L (n=716, mean=0.35, stdev=0.17). For the 20 City of Tallahassee wells south of I-10, the median concentration was 0.36 mg-N/L (n=556, mean=0.38, stdev=0.16). Lastly, the six southernmost wells (south of TramRoad/Orange Avenue and adjacent to the Cody Scarp) had a median concentration of 0.48 mgN/L (n=208, mean=0.48, stdev=0.16). These results show an increasing trend in NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N from north to south in Leon County under the semi-confining unit.

# SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY, 1999 - 2000

% %% % %% % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% %% % % % % % %% % %% %

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% %% % % % %%% % % %%

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% %% %% %% % %%% %% % % % %%% %% % % % % % %% %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % % % % %% % %% % % % % % %% % %% % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % %%% % % %% % % % % % %% % %%% % %% %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % %% % % %% % % % % %%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 

# Y # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S

# S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S



# $ T

# S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S



# $ T

$ T $ T $ T 

# Y

# R i 

### v 

## e 

# r



# LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. WAKULLA CO. LEON CO.



# FRANKLIN CO. Panacea Woodville

Crawfordville 

# Jackson

O

c h l o c k o n e e

S t . M a 

### r 

## k 

# s 

# R i v e r 

# Lake Lafayette Lake GADSDEN CO.



# A palachicola

N ational

Forest Marks St. Midway

Sopchoppy Wakulla

Newport W

a k u



# l l 

# a 

# Tallahassee

R 

# i v 

# e r 

# ø ÷ 363 

# ( / 98 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# ( / 319


# % g 36

5 

# " ! 61 

# ø ÷ 26

7



# B A Y A P A L A C H E E St. Marks National Wildlife RefugeNWFWMDSRWMD JEFFERSON CO.



# ( / 319 

# ( / 98 

# ( / 90 

# . - , 10 

# ( / 90 

# ( / 2 7

# L. Miccosuk ee

60

41 56

274

635 356 224 359 226 382 519 182 304 306

321 503 268 204 169 193 219 170 215 152 280

358

291 282

530 354 264 583 454 268 385 291 293

222

238 204 274 318 211 332 288

337 130

1180

Wakulla

Springs L

a k e T

a

l 

# q u



# i n



# St. Marks Rise 

# Lake Munson



# Y Spring

Creek



# 0 51 0 Miles



# N (Specific Conductance umhos/cm) SW Sampling Location $ T # S 

# GW Sampling Location
Springs 

# Y District Boundary

County Boundary U.S. Highways

Rivers Conduit System State/County Roads Lakes Incorporated Areas Public Lands

01-06-020 

# FIGURE 41

# ORTHOPHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION, 1999 - 2000

% %% % %% % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % %% % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % %% % % %% %% % % % % % %% % %% %

%%

% % % %% % % %%%% % %
% % % % % % % % % % % % %% %%% % % % % %% % %% % % % % % % % % %% % % %% % %% % %% % % % % % % %

%

% %% % % % % %

% % % % % % %

% % %% % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % % % % % % %%

% % % %% % % %% % % %% % % % %% % %% % % %% % % % %%% % % % %% %% %% %% % % % %% %% % % % % % % %% % %% %%% % % % % % % % % %% % % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % % % %% %% %% %% % % % %% %% % % % % % % %% % %% %%% % % % % %

% %% % % % %%% % % %%

%

% % %% % % % %

% % %% %% % % % % % % % % %% % % %

% %% %% %% % %%% %% % % % %%% %% % % % % % %% %% % % % % % % % %%% % % % % % % % %% % %% % % % % % %% % %% % %% % % % % % % % %% % % % %%% % % %% % % % % % %% % %%% % %% %% % % % % % % % %% % % % % %% % % %% % % % % %%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 

# Y Y

# S

# S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S

# S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S # S



# $ T

# S # S # S # S 

# $ T # S # S # S



# $ T

$ T $ T $ T



# #

R i 

### v 

## e 

# r



# LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. WAKULLA CO. LEON CO.



# FRANKLIN CO. Panacea Woodville

Crawfordville 

# Jackson

O

c h l o c k o n e e

S t . M a 

### r 

## k 

# s 

# R i v e r 

# Lake Lafayette Lake GADSDEN CO.



# A palachicola

N ational

Forest Marks St. Midway

Sopchoppy Wakulla

Newport W

a k u



# l l 

# a 

# Tallahassee

R 

# i v 

# e r 

# ø ÷ 363 

# ( / 98 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# ( / 319


# % g 36

5 

# " ! 61 

# ø ÷ 26

7



# B A Y A P A L A C H E E St. Marks National Wildlife RefugeNWFWMDSRWMD JEFFERSON CO.



# ( / 319 

# ( / 98 

# ( / 90 

# . - , 10 

# ( / 90 

# ( / 2 7

# L

a k e T

a

l 

# q u



# i n 

# L. Miccosuk ee

0.03 0.06

0.03

0.64 0.07 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03

0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05

0.02

0.01 0.04

0.02 0.27 0.24 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01

0.02

0.18 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03

0.05

0.04 0.04 

# Lake Munson

St. Marks Rise 

# Wakulla Springs



# Y Spring

Creek



# 0 51 0 Miles



# N (Concentration mg-P/L) SW Sampling Location $ T # S 

# GW Sampling Location
Springs 

# Y District Boundary Lakes Incorporated Areas Public Lands County Boundary U.S. Highways

Rivers Conduit System State/County Roads

01-06-021 

# FIGURE 42

# Y
Y ( X

( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X

( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X ( X

( X ( X



# L

a 

# k e T



# a

l q 

# ui

n



# # Lake Munson 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# " ! 20



# " ! 61



# % g 365 

# ø ÷ 267 

# ø ÷ 363



# ( / 319 

# ( / 90



# ( / 319 

# ( / 98 

# ( / 319



# . - , 10



# Wakulla Springs TAYLO C S t . 

## M



# a 

# r 

# k s



# St. Marks

Rise Midway Quincy Havana



# Tallahassee

Sopchoppy 

# GADSDEN CO.
JEFFERSON CO.



# WAKULLA CO. LEON CO.

St. Marks

Panacea Woodville

Crawfordville 

# R i v



# e



# rSRWMDNWFWMD



# B A Y 

# Lake Lafayette L. Jackson Lake Iamonia
Lake Miccosukee



# ( / 98 

# ( / 319



# ( / 90 

# ( / 2 7



# ( / 2 7 

# . - , 10



# % g 36

5 

# ( / 98 

# ø ÷ 26

7 

# GEORG IA

A P A L A C H E E 998 5851

1007 2043 2106 2196 2333 2377 2375 2573 2621 2692 2707 2708 2706 2782 2863 2957 2990 3013 3021 3028 3108 3181 3379 3522 3691

2742 3940



# W a k u

l l a R 

# i 

# v



# e 

# r O c h l o c k o n e 

### e R i 

### v 

## e 

# r



# N LOCATION OF CITY OF TALLAHASSEE PUBLIC SUPPLY WELLS

Well Locations Major Lakes

Incorporated Areas Public lands Rivers U. S. Highways County/State Roads ( X 

# 0 5 Miles

01-06-022 

# FIGURE 43

# 65 Figure 44. City of Tallahassee Public Supply Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L). Tallahassee Well #30 (3940)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619921992199319931994199419951995199619961997199719981998 

# Tallahassee Well #25 (3691)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.61990199119921993199419951996199719981999



# Tallahassee Well #29 (3522)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6199119921993199419951996199719981999 

# Tallahassee Well #18 (3379)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998



# Tallahassee Well #16 (3181)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998 

# Tallahassee Well #20 (3028)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.61986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998



# Tallahassee Well #21 (3013)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.61990199119921993199419951996199719981999 

# Tallahassee Well #22 (2990)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998

# 66 Figure 44. City of Tallahassee Public Supply Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L) [cont.] Tallahassee Well #11 (3108)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198319851987198919911993199519971999 

# Tallahassee Well #19 (3021)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998



# Tallahassee Well #23 (2957)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619841986198819901992199419961998 

# Tallahassee Well #26 (5851)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6199119921993199419951996199719981999



# Tallahassee Well #13 (2742)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998 

# Tallahassee Well #8 (2863)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997



# Tallahassee Well #6 (2708)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997 

# Tallahassee Well #7 (2707)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997

# 67 Figure 44. City of Tallahassee Public Supply Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L) [cont.] Tallahassee Well #10 (2782)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198319851987198919911993199519971999 

# Tallahassee Well #4 (2706)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997



# Tallahassee Well #2 (2692)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997 

# Tallahassee Well #5 (2621)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997



# Tallahassee Well #9 (2573)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997 

# Tallahassee Well #1 (2377)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997



# Tallahassee Well #3 (2333)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619831985198719891991199319951997

# 68 Figure 44. City of Tallahassee Public Supply Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L) [cont.] Tallahassee Well #15 (2375)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998 

# Tallahassee Well #17 (2196)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198219841986198819901992199419961998



# Tallahassee Well #12 (2106)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6198319851987198919911993199519971999 

# Tallahassee Well #27 (2043)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6199019911992199319941995199619971998



# Woodv ille Well #1 ( 998)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.61980198219841986198819901992199419961998 

# Woodv ille Well #2 ( 1007)



# 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998

# 69 NITROGEN SOURCE INVENTORY
One of the primary objectives of this study was to quantify the various inputs of nitrogen to the landscape of Leon and Wakulla counties. Six principal nitrogen inputs to the hydrosphere were investigated: atmospheric deposition, wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF), on-site domestic disposal systems (OSDS), commercial fertilizer application, livestock and sinking streams. Nitrogen derivative of atmospheric deposition is predominantly inorganic (IN) and has both a dissolved and a particulate aspect. Commercial fertilizers are also predominantly inorganic. They are typically applied to the landscape in particulate form. However, to be bio-available, the N they contain is water-soluble. Solubility makes this source of inorganic N available for dispersal in the environment via surface water runoff and rainfall infiltration to ground water. WWTFs and OSDS take what is predominantly particulate organic N (ON) suspended in water and treat it by (1) providing partial denitrification, (2) converting organic N to inorganic forms (predominately NO 3 

# ), and (3) sequestering some N in particulate form. WWTF are more efficient at providing denitrification than are OSDS. N-containing wastewater from these systems is applied either to or beneath the land surface for disposal. In the case of a WWTF, land application provides opportunities for vegetative N uptake, microbial transformation and other forms of N removal. Eventually, the disposed water reaches the water table, carrying some fraction of its original N load. Livestock apply organic N directly to the landscape. Sinking streams carry nitrogen in predominantly organic form. Further, this load is partitioned between dissolved and particulate forms.
For each source the total nitrogen load (as N) was estimated and is presented here. As applicable to the particular source, these estimates represent the summation of constituent forms (DIN, PIN, DON, and PON). For each source, most of the N is presumed to be present in one or two of these forms. However, the exact partitioning among DIN, DON, PIN and PON is poorly understood. Annual loads were estimated during the period 1970 through 1999 (Figure 45). Conditions as of 1999 are summarized below.
A number of different data sources were used to prepare the nitrogen load estimates given below. Consequently, the quality of data underlying the estimates is quite variable. Some data (WWTFs) are generally complete, accurate and reliable. Other data are either incomplete (primarily) or of poor quality. This necessitated estimation and/or interpolation strategies in order to prepare load estimates. Estimation and interpolation techniques are described in the relevant text sections. Such approaches were unavoidable. Future nitrogen inventory efforts will benefit from accurate record keeping pertaining to all sources, not just WWTF.
The sources characterized through this investigation represent a continuum of “intensities” that range from relatively low, when expressed on a mass per unit area basis, to direct introductions into the Floridan Aquifer. At the scale of the study area, atmospheric deposition provides the largest total N load but probably the lowest mass per unit area (M/L 2 

# ) application, ~5 kg-N/ha-yr. Relatively low M/L 2 

# application rates provide the greatest opportunity for denitrification via vegetative uptake, microbial transformations, etc. This is particularly true when the N is applied to the soil surface. Given the lack of concentrated livestock feeding operations in the study area and the direct application of the existing application to the top of the soil profile, livestock N loading also represents (on a M/L 2 

# basis) a relatively low intensity application.
WWTF represent a relatively intense N application. Based on effluent N loading estimates at the City of Tallahassee SESF and an estimated application area of 600 ha (1,500 acres), effluent spraying delivers N at a rate of about 550 kg-N/ha-yr. This does not account for the additional load derivative of IN application to support crop production at the SESF.70Figure 45. Summary of Nitrogen Loading to the Semi-confined and Unconfined Areas as a Function of Time0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.00197019751980198519901995Date 

# Total Nitrogen Load (as N) in Millions of kgWWTF (Mkg)Com Fert (Mkg)Atm dep (Mkg)OSDS (Mkg)Livestock (Mkg)Residuals (Mkg)

# 71 OSDS represent an intense N application. Based on estimated OSDS annual N loads between 2 and 6 kg-N/year per capita and a drain field area of 625 ft 2 

# , ODSD application rates equate to between 800 and 2,400 kg-N/ha-yr. OSDS are know to be effective at both nitrifying and at delivering NO 3 

# to ground water. Release of wastewater beneath the most biologically active portion of the soil profile facilitates NO 3 

# delivery to ground water.
Commercial fertilizer applications also represent a significant step up in application intensity. In farming operations, application rates are in the 100s of kg-N/ha-yr. Residential application rates are similar. This N source is available for leaching into the soil profile where it is subject to vegetative uptake, microbial transformation, etc. and/or transport to the underlying ground water, or off-site removal via surface water runoff. Given the large number of closed lake basins in Leon County, some (unknown) fraction of N from this source is being sequestered in lakes and lake-bottom sediments. Historically, the majority of the IN fertilizer load applied in the study area was on semi-confined Leon County. Presumably, the fraction of this load that reached the Floridan Aquifer is reflected in the 0.2 to 0.4 mg/L NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# presently seen in Floridan Aquifer water beneath semi-confined Leon County.
It is important to recognize that application of nitrogen to the landscape is not the same as its introduction into the Floridan Aquifer. Nitrogen is a highly reactive element. Further, depending on the source, the pathways N travels to reach Floridan Aquifer ground water are quite variable. Various natural processes act on anthropogenic N to provide denitrification. Numerous transformations, reaction pathways and uptakes can either temporarily sequester nitrogen in vegetation, lake-bottom sediments or the subsurface, or return it to the atmosphere. Only part of the nitrogen introduced to the landscape eventually reaches the Floridan Aquifer. Given the current state of knowledge, little is known about source-specific or pathway-specific nitrogen removal efficiencies in this environment. Based on data presented here, it appears that much of the total nitrogen load applied to these two counties is either being sequestered or returned to the atmosphere.

Atmospheric Deposition
The Earth’s atmosphere is approximately 78.93 percent nitrogen. The amount of atmospheric nitrogen is affected by human activities—primarily the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. automobiles, power production, etc.). Nitrogen from the atmosphere is deposited on the land surface both dissolved in rain and as dry deposition.
To monitor nitrogen deposition rates, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) was established in the late 1970s. An NADP wet-deposition site has been operated in Quincy since 1984, with chemical analyses being performed by the USGS. Annual (1984 to 1999) wet deposition loading rates for inorganic nitrogen (NO 3 

# -N and NH 4 

# -N, dissolved) ranged between 2.03 kg/ha and 3.92 kg/ha. These rates equate to annual average dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in rainfall between 0.15 mg/L and 0.28 mg/L. The observed 1999 DIN load was 2.36 kg/ha. The period of record average load was 2.87 kg-N/ha-yr.
Dry deposition is not measured at the NADP site. Rather, for the purposes of this study it was estimated as 96 percent of wet deposition (Baker, 1991). 1.96 times the observed 1999 wet load was used as the annual total inorganic N (TIN) load for 1999, 4.63 kg-N/ha-yr. 1.96 times the period-of-record average annual wet load was used as the period-of-record TIN load, or 5.63 kg-N/ha-yr. This average was used to estimate annual loads prior to 1984, during which no observations were available.

# 72 Rainfall, together with its DIN load, falls on the landscape and is subject to evaporation, transpiration, runoff and infiltration. Inorganic nitrogen being transported through the soil as a component of recharge is subject to uptake by plants, microbial transformations and other processes that remove nitrogen from the infiltrating water. Some sense of the efficiency of the soil at removing nitrogen from recharge can be obtained by comparing rainfall DIN concentrations with concentrations in ground water lying immediately beneath the land surface and otherwise unaffected by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. The processes controlling the fate of dry deposition N are somewhat different. This N must be re-mobilized by infiltrating rainfall before it becomes available for uptake or transformation in the soil, or recharge to ground water.

NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N (dissolved) and NH 4 

# -N (dissolved) data from surficial aquifer wells in Leon and Wakulla counties were examined to gain insight into the fate of N applied to the landscape via atmospheric deposition. Data from 9 wells, having depths ranging between 15 and 58 ft, were evaluated. Six wells are completed in undifferentiated sands overlying the confined Floridan Aquifer in western Leon and Wakulla counties. Land use in this area is predominantly silvaculture and, presumably, these wells should be little affected by septic tanks or other sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. The remaining three are completed in sandy intervals within the Miccosukee formation in semi-confined Leon County.

A total of 48 NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N (dissolved) and analyses were available. Sample collection dates ranged between 07/89 and 07/99. 16 of 48 NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N analyses were below their respective method detection limits. Of the 32 above MDL analyses, three samples (from one well located in semi-confined Leon County) seemed to reflect the impact of a local source of NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N on ground water. These data ranged between 1.7 mg/L-N and 2.1 mg/L-N and were excluded from further analysis. The remaining 29 values had a median concentration of 0.02 mg/L-N (mean=0.038, stdev=0.052).
From the same set of wells and for the period 06/93 to 07/99, 26 NH 4 

# -N (dissolved) analyses were available. Of these, 10 were below the minimum detection limit. Three analyses (all from the same well and ranging between 0.8 and 1.3 mg/L) appeared to be outliers and were excluded from further analysis. This well was also located in semi-confined Leon County. The remaining 12 values had a median of 0.019 mg/L (mean=0.028, stdev=0.024).
Annual average rainfall DIN concentrations ranged between 0.15 and 0.28 mg/L at the Quincy NADP site (1984 to 1999). During the same period ground waters from the surficial aquifer had NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# and NH 4 

# concentrations generally below or slightly above their respective method detection limits. Comparing medians for these parameters to DIN concentrations in rainfall suggests that the soil profile is capable of removing about 80 percent of the DIN in rainfall. If the impact of re-mobilized N from dry deposition is included, the soil’s N removal efficiency is even greater.
Approximately 103,491 hectares (ha) lie in the semi-confined part of Leon County and 112,903 ha in the unconfined part of Leon and Wakulla counties (Figure 1). Using these areas, the observed annual wet deposition loading rate, and the assumed constant ratio of wet to dry deposition, annual total loads were calculated for 1984 through 1999. For years prior to 1984, the period-of-record average annual total load was used. For 1999 the total loading rate is 4.63 kg-N/ha-yr, resulting in a total load to the semi-confined area of 479,000 kg-N/yr. The total load to the unconfined area is 523,000 kg-N/yr.

# 73 Table 5. Estimated 1999 Nitrogen Loading from Atmospheric Deposition.
Area Area (ha) kg-N/ha-yr kg-N/yr Semi-confined 103,491 4.63 479,000

Unconfined 112,903 4.63 523,000

# 74 Wastewater Treatment Facilities
According to FDEP records, there are 69 wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) in Leon and Wakulla counties (Appendix A, Table A6, Figure 46). Of the 59 within the semi-confined and unconfined areas, 21 are domestic WWTF and 38 are industrial WWTFs. The total design capacity of the WWTFs, domestic and industrial, is 38.05 Mgal/d. The majority of this capacity (32.06 Mgal/d) is for domestic plants operated by the City of Tallahassee. The remaining facilities have a combined capacity of slightly less than six Mgal/d.

Industrial WWTF Effluent The industrial WWTFs discharge from systems used for vehicle washing, ground water remediation or for non-contact heating/cooling purposes. These facilities are not monitored for nitrogen because elevated concentrations are not anticipated as a result of their operations. Most water quality concerns at the industrial WWTFs center around volatile organic compounds (VOCs) rather than nutrients. With the exception of one industrial facility, no estimates were made of nitrogen contributions from these facilities.
The one industrial WWTF that is an exception is Primex, a large black-powder production facility located in southern Wakulla County. Presently, Primex discharges effluent with elevated nitrogen levels to surface waters in Wakulla County. Primex is located near St. Marks and is adjacent to the lower Wakulla River. Effluent is held in a polishing pond prior to being sprayed onto an eight-acre sprayfield. Overland flow from the sprayfield passes through a swampy area and enters a ditch leading to Big Boggy Branch and, eventually, into the Wakulla River just north of its confluence with the St. Marks River.
FDEP provided monthly averages of total nitrogen concentration (as N) and effluent flows at the point where it discharges into Big Boggy Branch. From 1992 to 2000 monthly average nitrogen concentrations varied from 1.5 to 56.9 mg/L. Estimated annual loads for this period ranging between 4,819 and 31,096 kg-N/yr entered Big Boggy Branch, with recent loads being highest. Mitigation of this source will occur when Primex begins diverting its effluent to the City of Tallahassee Purdom Generating Station for use in the power station’s cooling system. This action is anticipated during 2001. Any effluent remaining after this diversion will go to an evaporation unit at the power plant where the nitrogen will be volatilized. This will effectively remove from surface waters of the basin any direct nitrogen discharge from the Primex industrial WWTF.

Domestic WWTF Effluent Domestic facilities receive wastewater, treat it using any of several methods and then discharge the treated effluent largely to percolation ponds or sprayfields for disposal (Figure 46). Domestic WWTFs have much more (and better) nitrogen discharge data available than do industrial WWTFs. The City of Tallahassee provided average annual TN concentrations and annual facility flows back to 1970. Data from other facilities were much less complete. Data for facilities other than City of Tallahassee were not readily available prior to 1992. Sufficient data were not available to make estimates for all facilities for all years between 1992 and 1999. For the domestic facilities other than City of Tallahassee and Winco Utilities, Inc. the most complete data set was for 1993. Winco Utilities is located south of Woodville in Wakulla County and provides water for prison and the industrial park.

# WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY LOCATIONS WITH MAJOR EFFLUENT AND RESIDUAL DISPOSAL AREAS

% U % U

% U % U % U % U

% U % U % U % U

% U % U % U % U % U % U % U

% U % U % U % U % U % U % U

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% U % U % U % U

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% U % U

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% U

% U % U % U

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% U % U

% U % U

% U % U % U % U

% U % U

% U % U

% U 

# Y S t 

# . M

a 

# r k 

# s 

# Tallahassee



# A P A L A C H E E B A Y Crawfordville

Sopchoppy

Panacea 

# #
# # # 

# W

a k u

l l a R i 

# v e 

# r 

# Midway

# 

# Petty 1

# 

# Petty 2 # 

# Young

# 

# Council # # #

# 

# Strickland R



# i 

# v



# e 

# r

O

c h

l o c k o n e e



# St. Marks Wakulla

Newport # # 

# Cody Scarp Havana

QuincySRWMDNWFWMD 

# " ! 20



# ø ÷ 26

7 

# L

a k e T

a

l q 

# u



# i 

# n

LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. LEON CO. WAKULLA CO. 

# Apalachicola

National

Forest

St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge JEFFERSON CO.



# TAYLOR CO. GADSDEN CO.

FRANKLIN CO. Woodville



# Wakulla

Springs 

# SESF



# N Effluent Disposal Areas Residual Disposal Areas

Public Lands Incorporated Areas Domestic Waste Facility Locations % U 

# Industrial Waste Facility Locations % U 

# District Boundary 

# County Boundary State/County Roads Rivers U.S. Highways 

# 0 51 0 Miles

01-06-023 

# FIGURE 46

# 76 Using available FDEP compliance data and data provided by the City of Tallahassee, annual TN loads were estimated (Appendix A, Table A7) for 21 domestic WWTF for 1992 through 1999. When estimating annual loads, average monthly values of flow and TN concentration were used where possible. In some cases, maximum monthly concentrations were used, as they were the only data available. Six of 21 facilities had sufficient monthly flow and concentration data from which to calculate monthly N loads. For these cases monthly N loads were then aggregated into the annual loads given in Appendix A, Table A7. Six facilities had monthly flow data but no monthly total N concentration data. For these cases monthly TN data from another facility were used as an estimate of the unavailable data. Eight facilities had neither flow nor concentration data. For these cases, total monthly N load from similar facilities was scaled up or down according to the ratio of design flow capacities of the two respective facilities. City of Tallahassee annual load estimates (1970 to 1999) were the product of average annual TN and annual flow.
TN and flow data were most complete for the small WWTFs in 1993. In this year the small WWTFs contributed about 4 percent of the total TN load with the City of Tallahassee contributing the remainder. Annual TN load estimates from WWTF effluent (Figure 45) consist of calculated City of Tallahassee loads from 1970 to 1999, calculated loads from small WWTF from 1992 to 1999 and estimated small WWTF loads prior to 1992. Between 1970 and 1992 the annual TN load for both the City of Tallahassee and the small WWTFs was estimated as 104 percent of the City of Tallahassee annual load.
1999 TN loads by semi-confined and unconfined areas are summarized in Table 6. Small WWTF loads from 1993 were used to estimate 1999 conditions. For City of Tallahassee and Winco Utilities, Inc. 1999 data were available and are used in the totals below.
Table 6. Estimated 1999 Nitrogen Loading from WWTF Effluent
Area Industrial (kg-N/yr) Domestic (kg-N/yr) Total (kg-N/yr) Leon Semi-confined -- 8,700 8,700

Leon Unconfined -- 326,000 326,000 Wakulla Unconfined 31,000 4,800 35,800

City of Tallahassee WWTF Development History The largest WWTF total N load originates from facilities operated by the City of Tallahassee. This is not surprising given the scale of total flow through City of Tallahassee facilities as compared to other, smaller facilities. City of Tallahassee facilities serve a significant percentage of the population in Leon County. Their facilities represent about 80 percent of the total design flow capacity for domestic and industrial WWTFs in Leon and Wakulla counties and 96 percent of the estimated domestic WWTF total N load. Given the relative scale of the City of Tallahassee discharge, the significance of this discharge to the total nitrogen budget of the study area, and the high quality of available data characterizing the discharge, it was possible to assemble a more complete picture of the history of N discharges from City of Tallahassee facilities.
A number of environmental laws passed in the late 1960s and early 1970s were aimed at improving and protecting surface water quality. A significant component of this effort involved the removal of point source discharges from surface waters. In Leon County, Federal regulators assigned Lake Munson a Waste Load Allocation of “zero” pollutants. The Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-500) mandated “no discharge of pollutants to

# 77 navigable water by 1985”. Also in this time period, USEPA implemented the NPDES program. Federal grant funds were made available to local communities to convert surface water effluent discharges to land application. These programs and environmental concerns associated with discharge of domestic waste to Munson Slough prompted the City of Tallahassee to move forward with the spray irrigation facility that could eventually handle all the City’s effluent (Keith Turner, City of Tallahassee, personal communication, 2001; Pruitt et. al, 1988).

The first central sewers in Tallahassee were installed in 1904 to serve the downtown commercial district and the Florida State College for Women (now Florida State University). These sewers discharged to two septic tanks for treatment. The first WWTF (1.0 Mgal/d) was constructed on Lake Bradford Road in 1933 and discharged to a tributary of Lake Munson. The Federal Correctional Institution constructed their own WWTF at Capital Circle and Park Avenue which discharged into Lake Lafayette until 1967, when the facility connected to the City of Tallahassee sewer. Effluent discharge in the Lake Munson Basin increased in 1941 with the U.S. Army’s construction of a WWTF (1 Mgal/d) to serve Dale Mabry Field. After deactivation of the military post, the City took over the WWTF and continued to operate it through 1982. Lake Munson was impounded in 1950 to alleviate downstream flooding problems (Bocz and Hand, 1985) and a new, higher capacity plant (4.5 Mgal/d) was constructed on Lake Bradford road in 1951. In 1961, a 0.06 Mgal/d capacity high-rate trickling filter system was constructed at the municipal airport to process effluent, which was discharged to rapid infiltration basins (Keith Turner, City of Tallahassee, personal communication, 2001).
Lake Munson showed the effects of the increasing amounts of stormwater and effluent it received from the City of Tallahassee with massive algal blooms reported as early as 1956 and 1963 (Beck, 1963). In 1964 the City completed a land exchange with the US Forest Service that gave them the area at Capital Circle and Springhill Road for a WWTF site. Construction of the Southwest Plant (2.5 Mgal/d) was completed in 1966 with effluent discharge to Munson Slough. A 6.5 ha (16 acre) experimental irrigation system was also provided for effluent disposal at the site and research began into the effects and benefits of spray application. This sprayfield represented the beginning of what is now the Southwest Sprayfield (SWSF) and all flow through the plant was disposed of through spray application. The sprayfield area was expanded in 1972 to 15.6 ha (38.5 acres) and again in 1977 to 48 ha (118.5 acres) (Keith Turner, City of Tallahassee, personal communication, 2001). Spray effluent disposal to uplands provided the opportunity to mitigate adverse impacts experienced by Lake Munson as a result of surface water discharge. Since the diversion of effluent out of the lake occurred, it has experienced a significant improvement in water quality.
Spray application of treated wastewater effluent at the Southwest plant averaged 0.25 Mgal/d in 1966. By 1969 the average flow through the plant had risen to one Mgal/d and by 1974 the average flow had increased to 3.5 Mgal/d—exceeding the plant capacity. As a result, plant capacity was increased to 10 Mgal/d in 1974 and the WWTF was officially named Thomas P. Smith Plant. This new plant used an activated sludge method of treatment, which resulted in immediate changes in effluent water quality. Total nitrogen in the effluent did not change but NO 3 

# -N increased to approximately four times levels in the high-rate trickling filter process. This conversion of ammonia and Kjeldahl nitrogen to NO 3 

# -N prior to land application ensures that the nitrogen is in a form to be utilized by vegetation and prevents potentially more harmful ammonia from entering ground water (Overman, 1979).

# 78 Southeast Sprayfield In 1981, the Southeast Sprayfield (SESF) was put into operation on Tram Road approximately 1.6 miles east of Capital Circle SE. The site is located just south of the Cody Scarp on the Gulf Coastal Lowlands. It originally consisted of 405 ha (1,000 acres). In 1982, 202 ha (500 acres) were added. 160 ha (396 acres) were added in 1986. With the 1986 expansion, all treated effluent discharge to the Lake Munson Drainage basin ceased. In 1999, another 106 ha (266 acres) were added to the SESF, bringing the total acreage to 873 ha (2,159 acres). The latest addition is referred to as the SESF extension. Since its inception, the SESF has been actively farmed. Over the years and as a part of farming operations, inorganic fertilizers have been applied to promote crop growth.
There are records of 69 monitor wells having been constructed at the SESF (Appendix A, Table A8, Figure 47). All are Floridan Aquifer wells except SE28 through SE36 (nine surficial aquifer wells) and SE54 through SE70 (17 surficial aquifer wells).
Given the scope of activities conducted at the SESF, a number of wells are presently being sampled, as required by permit or at the discretion of the City of Tallahassee. As required by permit, eleven wells (eight Floridan Aquifer, SE2, SE15, SE16, SE17, SE19, SE22A, SE52, SE53, and three surficial aquifer wells, SE30, SE31 and SE34) are currently being sampled. The City is also required, by permit, to sample 10 Floridan Aquifer wells (SE75 through SE84) at the SESF extension. SE85 and SE86 are presently sampled at the discretion of the City of Tallahassee.
Sampling results from eight SESF monitor wells are given in Figure 48. All data were obtained from USGS and City of Tallahassee databases and represent analyses for NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N, total. Data from these wells are quite variable, as would be expected given the wide variability in N application rates over short spatial and temporal scales. SE16 and SE17 are consistently below 0.6 mg/L. SE15 shows a slight increasing trend with time; concentrations are typically less that 1 mg/L. SE02 shows a strongly increasing trend with time, going from about 0.5 mg/L in the early 1980s to between 4 and 5 mg/L now. SE22A is clearly under the influence of effluent disposal and/or IN fertilizer application. SE19, SE52 and SE53 are of interest, in that they show a rapid concentration run-up from the mid-1980s to 1990. Around 1990 concentrations peaked in the range of 6 to 8 mg/L. Since 1990, they have declined slightly and are now in the 4 to 6 mg/L range, where they have been since about 1994.
Results from six SESF extension monitor wells (SE77, SE78, SE79, SE80, SE81 and SE86) are also given in Figure 48. Data from these wells are variable, with no concentration exceeding 2 mg/L-N. SE75, SE76, and SE82 through SE85 are not presented, as they are largely below detection limits. Among SE75, SE76 and SE82 through SE85 there were only 8 detections in 42 samples. Excluding the initial samples, which appear to be anomalous, the highest NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N result obtained from these wells was 0.052 mg/L.
Sampling of City of Tallahassee public supply well CW-12 is required for background purposes. “SES”, the Floridan Aquifer potable supply well for the facility, is presently sampled quarterly. The City has recently begun to sample the “SE Farmers Well” as well. Two off-site privately owned domestic wells are also being sampled. The “Messer” well has been sampled since 1975. Sampling of the “Barker” well began in 1999. Both wells are up-gradient of the SESF and show NO 3 

# -N levels ranging from below detection limits to 0.44 mg/L.

# # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S # S

# S # S

# S # S

# S # S

# S # S # S

# S

# S # S # S

# S # S # S # S

# S # S # S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S

# S # S

# S # S # S # S # S

# S

# S # S # S # S

# S # S

# S # S # S SES (7836)

SE04 (1148) SE51 (1154) SE21 (1162) SE23 (1149) SE50 (1150)

SE17 (1165) SE16 (1166)

SE02 (1156) SE22 (1164) SE10 (1172)
SE20 (1163) SE46 (1183) SE47 (1184) SE43 (1208) SE44 (1209) SE37 (1223) SE38 (1224) SE03 (1232) SE39 (1225) SE01 (1233) SE19 (1240) SE18 (1288) SE14 (1289) SE15 (1209) SE68 (1291) SE49 (1307) SE40 (1311) SE41 (1312) SE42 (1313) SE06 (1333) SE07 (1334) SE48 (1344)

SE53 (7223) SE28 (7279)

SE30 (7281) SE31 (7282)

SE33 (7283)

SE52 (7285) SE54 (7290)

SE55 (7291) SE58 (7293) SE59 (7294)

SE60 (7295) SE61 (7296)
SE62 (7297) SE63 (7298)

SE64 (7299)

SE65 (7300)

SE67 (7302)

SE69 (7303) SE70 (7304) SE57 (1185) SE05 (1348)

SE11N (7268) SE11S (7269)

SE24 (1153) SE09 (1171) SE45 (1210)

SE29 (7280) SE34 (7284) SE56 (7292)

SE66 (7301) SE22A (7270) 

# T 

# r a 

# m R



# d

SE FARMERS WELL

SE77 (7866) SE78 (7867) SE82 (7871) SE81 (7870) SE83 (7872) SE84 (7873) MESSER WELL

SE75 (7864) SE76 (7865)

SE79 (7868) SE80 (7869) SE85 (7874) SE86(7875) # 

# BARKER WELL

SE12 (1352)



# # S 

# Southeast Monitor Well Sites 

# SOUTHEAST SPRAYFIELD MONITOR WELL LOCATIONS

N Miles 0 0.5 1



# 1999 Imagery (DOQQ's)

01-06-024 

# FIGURE 47

# 80 Figure 48. Southeast Sprayfield Monitor Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L) SE02 (1156)

0 1 2 3 4 5 619801982198419861988199019921994199619982000 

# SE15 (1209)

0 2 4 6 8 101980198219841986198819901992199419961998



# SE17 (1165)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.71980198219841986198819901992199419961998


# SE22A (7270)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9199219931994199519961997199819992000


# SE52 (7285)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1419861988199019921994199619982000 

# SE53 (7223)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 919861988199019921994199619982000 

# SE19 (1240)

0 2 4 6 8 10 121980198219841986198819901992199419961998 

# SE16 (1166)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.51981198319851987198919911993199519971999

# 81 Figure 48. Southeast Sprayfield Monitor Well NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N Concentrations (mg/L) [cont.] SE77 (7866)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

119991999199919991999200020002000 

# SE78 (7867)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

11999199919992000200020002000200020002000



# SE79 (7868)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

119991999199919991999200020002000 

# SE80 (7869)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

119991999199919991999200020002000



# SE81 (7870)

0 0.5

1 1.5

219991999199919991999200020002000 

# SE86 (7875)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

119991999199919991999200020002000

# 82 Southwest Sprayfield SWSF has shrunk in the years since 1977 and its spray application area is currently 36 ha (89 acres). There are 43 monitor wells on record as having been constructed at or near the site (Appendix A, Table A9, Figure 49). The City is presently required to sample three Floridan Aquifer wells at the SWSF (LS21, LS25, BOG 6-5 [also called LS32]). Analytical results from these wells have been presented in Figure 50. The data were gleaned from USGS and City of Tallahassee databases and represent analyses for NO 3 

# -N (total), NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N (total) and NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N (dissolved). These analyses were considered as yielding relatively equivalent results for the purpose of reporting this data. Historically there has been no measurable NO 2 

# in the ground water of the study area and, presumptively, all detectable NO 3 

# in ground water is dissolved. LS21 shows a decreasing trend with time; presently concentrations are below 1 mg/L. LS25 and LS32 both show a rapid concentration run-up during the 1980s. Concentrations peaked in excess of 10 mg/L and have since declined to the 6 to 8 mg/L range.
WWTF Residual Disposal In addition to effluent disposal, the City of Tallahassee also disposes of solidified wastewater residuals, which remain following treatment. The City of Tallahassee provided annual residual TN loads applied to city disposal sites (in pounds) and the area (in acres) where residuals were spread at each site. TN load data and disposal site acreage were provided for the period 1977 through 2000. The annual total N load from all the City of Tallahassee’s residual facilities ranged from a low of 70,252 kg-N/yr in 1979 to a high of 185,851 kg-N/yr in 2000.
In the mid-1960s, when the City of Tallahassee beginning began experimental spray application of wastewater effluent, spreading of wastewater residuals was also begun at the Tallahassee Municipal Airport. Currently, using a belt-press or screw press method, water content of the residuals is reduced to 18-20 percent. The solids are then spread with a manure spreader or a pressurized spray truck. The spreading areas (198 ha or 490 ac) at the airport are mostly planted in Bermuda grass, which takes up nitrogen in its growth and is subsequently harvested as hay. A smaller portion of the total spreading area is in planted pines (81.7 ha or 202 ac).
The City of Tallahassee monitors five wells adjacent to the residual disposal sites at the airport. NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N concentration data from these wells are given in Figure 51, well construction details are summarized in Appendix A, Table A10. Concentrations in SF01, presently around 15 mg/L, are highest and show the greatest variability over time. SF01 is immediately adjacent to and south of the airport. SF05, located about 0.6 miles south of the airport shows a modest increasing trend, going from 0.9 mg/L in 1992 to 1.3 mg/L in 2000. SF04 also shows an increasing trend, 0.3 mg/L in 1993 to 0.5 mg/L in 2000. Concentrations in SF06 peaked in 1997 and have declined since.
In 1996, the City of Tallahassee began spreading residuals on three farms in Wakulla County as well (Figure 46). Recent ground water sampling at those sites yielded NO 2 

# +NO 3 

# -N concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/L-N to 8.26 mg/L-N. Having no pre-spreading water quality data from these sites, however, it is difficult to determine how much of this N is the result of residual disposal and how much is the result of previous farming practices. As of 2001, the spreading of residuals in Wakulla County by the City of Tallahassee has been discontinued.
According to FDEP records, the majority of the small WWTFs within the study area dispose of their residuals outside Leon and Wakulla counties. Their residuals go to farms near Wewahitchka in Gulf County. Because of a general lack of data for most of the other WWTF, the diversion of some of their residuals to outside the study area, and the relatively small