2010 Air Monitoring Network Assessment 

For 

Sacramento County, CA

 

April 29, 2011 

 
2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

This report was prepared by the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality 

Management District/Program Coordination Division 

We would like to thank the staff of the CARB/MLD, CARB/PTSD/AQ Data 

Branch, US EPA/Region IX/Air Quality Analysis Office and US EPA/OAQPS for 

their support, assistance, and technical guidance in the development of these Air 

Monitoring Network Assessments. 

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District 

777 12th Street, 3rd Floor 

Sacramento, CA. 95814-1908 

(916) 874-4800 

 
3

Table of Contents 

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 

1.0 Introduction 

 1.1 Legal Requirements for this Network Assessment 

1.2 Origins for the Need for Network Assessments 

1.3 Objectives of the Network Assessment 

 1.4 Regional Description of the Sacramento, CA MSA. 

 

 1.4.1 Geography 

 1.4.2 Population 

 1.4.3 Emissions Inventory 

 1.4.4 Air Quality Levels, Data Summaries, and Trends 

 1.4.5 Climate and Meteorology 

 1.4.6 Regional Air Monitoring Network 

2.0 Analysis of the Local/Regional Air Monitoring Network 

 

 2.1 Analysis of Air Monitoring Network 

 2.2 Monitoring Objectives and Spatial Scales 

 2.3 Network Description by Pollutant 

 2.4 Population/Emissions Density – Site summary 

 2.5 Sacramento County Monitoring Sites 

 2.6 Site by Site Analysis of Local Monitoring Network 

2.7 Other Issues (Current/New Technologies, Asthma, Environmental 

Justice, Ozone Transport) 

3.0 Conclusions and Recommendations for Local Monitoring Network 

 3.1 Monitors to be added to the SMAQMD Monitoring Network 

3.2 Monitors that should be added to the SMAQMD Monitoring Network 

Bibliography 

Appendices 

A. Maps of Air Monitoring Sites from CARB SLAMS Report 

B. Winter/Summer Season PM2.5 FRM Data from Stockton Blvd. and T St. 

 
4

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 

AAM = Annual Arithmetic Mean 

AADT = Annual Average Daily Traffic 

AIR = Sacramento- Airport Road air monitoring site 

BAM = Beta Attenuation Monitor 

BAAQMD = Bay Area Air Quality Management District 

BC = Sacramento- Branch Center air monitoring site 

BRU = Elk Grove- Bruceville air monitoring site 

BSA = Broader Sacramento Area 

CARB = California Air Resources Board 

CCOS = Central California Ozone Study, Summer 2000 

CFR = Code of Federal Regulations 

CH4 = Methane 

CBSA = Core Based Statistical Area 

CMSA = Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 

CO = Carbon Monoxide 

CSN = Chemical Speciation Network 

DPM = Sacramento- Del Paso Manor air monitoring site 

D.V. = Design Value 

ECW = Sacramento- El Camino/Watt air monitoring site 

EDCAPCD = El Dorado County Air Pollution Control District 

EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

FRM = Federal Reference Method 

FOL= Folsom-Natoma air monitoring site 

HNO3 = Nitric acid 

MET = Meteorology 

MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area 

NA = Data not available 

NAMS = National Air Monitoring Sites 

NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standard 

NCore = National Core ambient monitoring network 

NH = North HIghlands- Blackfoot air monitoring site 

NH3 = Ammonia 

NO2 = Nitrogen Dioxide 

NOX = Oxides of Nitrogen 

NOY = Reactive Oxides of Nitrogen 
5

Obs = Observations 

O3 = Ozone 

PAMS = Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Sites 

Pb = Lead 

PCAPCD = Placer County Air Pollution Control District 

PM = Particulate Matter 

PM2.5 = Particulate Matter- 2.5 micron 

PM10 = Particulate Matter- 10 micron 

PM10-2.5 = PM- Coarse 

PM- Coarse = Particulate Matter >2.5 micron and <10 micron 

PPB = Parts per Billion 

PSD = Prevention of Significant Deterioration 

PQAO = Primary Quality Assurance Organization 

ROG = Reactive Organic Gases 

RRAMP = Roseville Rail Yard Air Monitoring Project 

SAOS = Sacramento Area Ozone Study, Summer 1990 

Sck. Blvd. = Sacramento Health Department- Stockton Blvd. air monitoring site 

SIP = State Implementation Plan 

SLAMS = State and Local Air Monitoring Sites 

SLU = Sloughhouse air monitoring site 

SMAQMD = Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD 

SO2 = Sulfur Dioxide 

SO4 = Sulfate 

SPM = Special Purpose Monitoring 

SSI = Size Selective Inlet, PM-10 FRM sampler 

STI = Sonoma Technology Inc. 

STN = Speciation Trends Network 

TEOM = Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 

THC = Total Hydrocarbon 

TNMHC = Total Non-methane hydrocarbon 

T St = Sacramento- T Street air monitoring site 

VOC = Volatile Organic Compounds 

YSAQMD = Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District 
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1.0 Introduction 

Periodic Ambient Air Monitoring Network Assessments are required, to be 

conducted once every 5 years, starting July 1, 2010, by 40 CFR 58, Ambient Air 

Monitoring Regulations. 

This Network Assessment will evaluate the design of the local ambient air 

monitoring network operated by the Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD (SMAQMD) 

and the California Air Resources Board (CARB), within Sacramento County, 

which is part of the Sacramento Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The 

evaluation will examine, if there needs to be any necessary changes to the 

current ambient air monitoring network, in order, to improve and/or streamline the 

air monitoring network. 

Since the Sacramento County air monitoring network, is part of the larger 

regional air monitoring network for the Sacramento MSA, this report contains 

some information about the regional air monitoring network, so that the local 

Sacramento County monitoring network and its relationship to the regional air 

monitoring network could be understood. This Network Assessment will only 

make final recommendations regarding the design of the local air monitoring 

network for Sacramento County. 

1.1 Legal Requirements for Periodic Network Assessment

As listed in Subpart B, § 58.10 (d), of 40 CFR 58, 

"The State, or where applicable local, agency shall perform and submit to 

the EPA Regional Administrator an assessment of the air quality 

surveillance system every 5 years to determine, at a minimum, if the 

network meets the monitoring objectives defined in appendix D to this 

part, whether new sites are needed, whether existing sites are no longer 

needed and can be terminated, and whether new technologies are 

appropriate for incorporation into the ambient air monitoring network. The 

network assessment must consider the ability of existing and proposed 

sites to support air quality characterization for areas with relatively high 

population of susceptible individuals (e.g., children with asthma), and, for 

any sites that are being proposed for discontinuance, the effect on data 

users other than the agency itself, such as nearby states and Tribes or 

health effect studies. For PM2.5, the assessment also must identify 

needed changes to population-oriented sites. The State, or where 

applicable local, agency must submit a copy of this 5-year assessment, 

along with a revised annual network plan, to the Regional Administrator. 

The first assessment is due July 1, 2010." 
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1.2 Origins for the need for Network Assessments. 

A discussion on why the 40 CFR 58 was revised in 2006 will show why a periodic 

5-year network assessment was needed. 

Ambient air monitoring networks, for regulatory purposes, were enlarged and 

strengthen, during the late 1970's, in support of State Implementation Plan 

development, when pollutants such as O3, CO, NO2, SO2, Pb, and TSP were 

health problems, in many of the larger urban areas, especially in the Eastern US. 

As a result, the 1970's version of 40 CFR 58 mandated ambient air monitoring 

networks, for these pollutants. 

By the 1990's, several factors led to the need for a new doctrine for ambient air 

monitoring, which resulted in the revised 40 CFR 58 regulations (2006 revisions) 

for ambient air monitoring: 

a) Need to re-evaluate and reconfigure monitoring networks: 

1. Several pollutants, such as CO, SO2, Pb, and TSP/PM-10 were well under 

control, in most areas of the US, by the 1990's, due to successful emission 

control programs. However, the 40 CFR 58 mandated that State and local 

agencies must continue to operate ambient air monitoring networks for those 

pollutants. In addition, at the Federal, State, and local levels, there was no 

systematic or effective administrative process for the addition of new monitoring 

sites in areas of little or no air monitoring and for the termination of low priority air 

monitoring sites, in areas with excess monitoring. Furthermore, the EPA did not 

have much legal clout during situations: when there was a need for additional 

monitoring sites in areas where little or no monitoring was done, or when low 

priority monitoring sites should have been terminated, in areas where monitoring 

was no longer needed. 

2. Population, Air Quality, and Emission Levels/Sources have changed, since the 

1970's and the ambient air monitoring networks may need to change according. 

3. Current focus of emission control programs is on O3 and PM2.5, instead of 

CO, PM10, NO2, SO2, and Pb. 

4. New monitoring programs and monitoring technologies exist. Thus, a 

mechanism is needed to assess whether the ambient air monitoring networks 

need to change or to incorporate new monitoring instrumentation to support a 

necessary program or emerging issue. 
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1.3 Objectives of this Network Assessment 

This Air Monitoring Network Assessment should address the following issues: 

a) Does the monitoring network meet 40 CFR 58 network design requirements? 

b) Does the monitoring network meet local, regional, state, and federal air 

monitoring data needs and objectives? 

c) Does the monitoring network have any sites that are no longer needed? 

d) Does the monitoring network need any new monitoring sites or AQ monitors? 

e) Does the monitoring network need to incorporate any new monitoring 

technologies? 

f) Does the current monitoring network characterize air quality in areas with high 

populations of susceptible individuals (e.g. asthmatic children) 

1.4 Regional Description of the Sacramento, CA MSA 

The Sacramento--Arden Arcade--Roseville, CA MSA is an area consisting of four 

counties: El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties. The largest city in 

the MSA is Sacramento, CA. Sacramento, CA is located approximately 96 miles 

east-northeast of San Francisco, CA and approximately 387 miles north of Los 

Angeles, CA. 

Please find listed below, a map of the Sacramento MSA and a map for El 

Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties. 

Sacramento County is located at the center of the MSA. Placer County is 

located northeast of Sacramento County. El Dorado County is located east of 

Sacramento County. Yolo County is located to the west of Sacramento County. 
Graphic of Sacramento MS

9

A (shown in red): from Wikipedia 
Graphic of El 

10

Dorado County, CA.
Graphic of P

11

lacer County, CA. 
G

(includ

raphic of S

ing West S

12

acramento

acramento

 County 

, Yolo County) 
Graphic of

13

Yolo County, CA. 
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1.4.1 Geography

Geography influences regional wind patterns which transport emissions and the 

location of population centers where there is usually a higher density of emission 

sources. 

Topography: 

The Sacramento, CA MSA is located in the southern Sacramento Valley and 

middle section of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, near the middle of the Central 

Valley of California. The Central Valley is a north-south orientated valley. The 

Sacramento Valley is the northern half of California's Central Valley, whereas the 

southern half of Central Valley is the San Joaquin Valley. 

To the west of this MSA, lies the north-south orientated Coast Ranges. These 

are mountains up to 3K feet in elevation. These coastal mountains serve as a 

flow barrier for moist, clean, cool marine air, from the Pacific Ocean, to enter into 

the Central Valley. There are a few topographic gaps within the Coast Ranges 

where marine air can penetrate into the Central Valley. The largest topographic 

gap is the Carquinez Straits, just south of Vallejo, CA. 

To the east of this MSA. lies the north-south orientated Sierra Nevada 

Mountains. These are mountains up to 10K feet in elevation. These mountains 

cause the low level sea breeze, which flows thru gaps in the Coast Ranges into 

the Central Valley, to bifurcate. About 2/3 of the airflow turns towards the 

southeast and enters the northern San Joaquin Valley, while about 1/3 of the 

airflow turns towards the northeast and enters the southern Sacramento Valley. 

Terrain (elevation and ground cover): 

Most of the populated areas of the MSA (Sacramento County, western El Dorado 

and western Placer Counties, and Yolo Counties) lie within the flat (low elevation) 

grasslands of the Southern Sacramento Valley. The eastern sections of El 

Dorado and Placer Counties lie within the rugged, lightly populated, conifer 

forests of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (approximate elevation: 3K - 10 K ft 

above sea level). 

Hydrological drainage: 

The largest rivers within the Sacramento, CA MSA are the north-south orientated 

Sacramento River and the west-east oriented American River. The American 

River drains water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and foothills into the 

Sacramento River. The Sacramento River drains water from the Northern and 

Southern Sacramento Valleys into the Delta, which drains into the SF bay. Thus, 

these two rivers are the main drainage conduits for precipitation within this MSA. 
15

The largest city in this MSA, Sacramento, was established, in the 19th Century, 

due to its location at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers. 

Major Economic activities: 

Based upon 2006 annual average labor data, listed under Industry Employment 

Projections, at California Employment Development Department website 

http://www.calmis.ca.gov/file/indproj/sacr$indproj.xls): The local economy of this 

four county MSA is diversified: 23% (of the total employment within the MSA) 

employed by government (local, state, federal), 15% employed by 

Trade/Transportation/Utilities sector, 9% employed by Educational/Health 

Service/Social Assistance sector, and 11% employed by Professional/Business 

Services sector. Thus, government, trade/transportation, 

educational/health/social, and professional/business sectors account for 

approximately 58% of the total employment within this MSA. 

The City of Sacramento is the State Capital for California. The Sacramento 

Urbanized area is the core economic and transportation center for the MSA. The 

City of Sacramento lies at the confluence of the Sacramento and American rivers 

and the intersection of Interstate 5 and 80 freeways. 

Major (Land) Transportation Features: 

The north-south orientated highway, Interstate 5, goes up and down the center of 

the Sacramento Valley. Interstate 5 provides the main route of motor vehicle 

travel, going north to the Pacific Northwest or going south to Southern California. 

The west-east orientated highway, Interstate 80, runs across the middle section 

of the USA. Interstate 80 provides the main route of motor vehicle travel, going 

west to San Francisco, CA or going over the Sierra Nevada Mountains, eastward 

to Nevada or as far east as New Jersey. State Highway 99 is a north-south 

highway going from the northern Sacramento Valley to the southern San Joaquin 

Valley. Highway 99 is the major route for motor vehicles going between cities 

within the Central Valley. 

1.4.2 Population 

From the population estimates found at the US Census website 

(http://www.census.gov), the estimated population of the Sacramento, CA MSA 

population was 2,101,138 (7/1/08). The Sacramento, CA MSA is the 25th largest 

MSA, within the US, based upon population (7/1/08). The Sacramento, CA MSA 

is the 4th largest MSA within California, behind Los Angeles, San Francisco, and 

San Diego MSA's. 

The largest city within this MSA, is Sacramento, CA. Its estimated population 

was 463,794 (7/1/08). The second largest city within this MSA, is Elk Grove,CA. 
16

Its estimated population was 133,003 (7/1/08). The third largest city within this 

MSA is Roseville, CA. Its estimated population was 112,660 (7/1/08). 

From the table listed below, the two fastest growing cities, within this MSA, from 

2000-2009 were the City of Lincoln and Elk Grove. However, the recent 

economic recession that started during 2008, has reduced the growth rate in 

these areas that previously were areas where large numbers of new residential 

homes were being sold. 

Table 1: Cities within Sacramento MSA with Population Growth >= 4% (2000-

2009) 

City County Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Growth 

2008 

Average 

Growth 

2000-2009 

Elk Grove Sacramento 139,119 141,430 1.7% 8.1% 

Lincoln Placer 39,300 40,060 1.9% 15.4% 

Rocklin Placer 54,046 54,754 1.3% 4.7% 

West 

Sacramento 

Yolo 46,885 47,782 1.9% 4.7% 

Wheatland Yuba 3,518 3,548 0.9% 5.2% 

Yuba City Sutter 62,616 63,647 1.6% 6.5% 

Ref: Article in Sacramento Bee Newspaper, 5/1/09. 

Source: California Department of Finance. 

From the US Census website, the estimated population (7/1/08) of each county 

that lies within this MSA was: El Dorado (175,609), Placer (341,041), 

Sacramento (1,386,469), and Yolo County (196,619). 

Thus, approximately 2/3 of the MSA's population resides within Sacramento 

County. 

From the table listed below, the county, within this MSA, with the highest 

estimated rate for future growth (period: 2000-2050) is Placer County. 

 
17

Table 2: Estimated Regional Population Growth (2000 vs. 2050) 

County 2000 Population 2050 Population % Growth from 2000-

2050 

El Dorado 158,621 314,126 98% 

Placer 252,223 751,208 198% 

Sacramento 1,233,575 2,176,508 76% 

Yolo 170,190 327,982 93% 

MSA 1,814,609 3,569,824 97% 

Source: California Department of Finance 

Ref: Sacramento Bee Newspaper Article, July 10, 2007. 

a) Population of Incorporated Cities and Towns within Sacramento MSA, 

listed by County 

All estimated population data listed below are from the US Census website. 

Table 3: Population of El Dorado County 

 Incorporated City Estimated 7/1/08 Population

Placerville Yes 9,994 

South Lake Tahoe Yes 23,333 

Balance of County NA 143,682 

County NA 177,009 

Table 4: Population of Placer County 

Incorporated City/Town Estimated 7/1/08 Population

Auburn Yes 13,219 

Colfax Yes 1,738 

Lincoln Yes 43,602 

Loomis Yes 6,795 

Rocklin Yes 52,811 

Roseville Yes 112,660 

Balance of County NA 110,216 

County NA 341,041 

 
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Table 5: Population of Sacramento County 

 Incorporated City/Town Estimated 7/1/08 Population

Citrus Heights Yes 84,432 

Elk Grove Yes 133,003 

Folsom Yes 67,788 

Galt Yes 24,026 

Isleton Yes 838 

Rancho Cordova Yes 62,265 

Sacramento Yes 463,794 

Balance of County NA 550,323 

County NA 1,386,469 

Table 6: Population of Yolo County 

 Incorporated Cities Estimated 7/1/08 Population

Davis Yes 62,593 

West Sacramento Yes 47,511 

Winters Yes 6,977 

Woodland Yes 54,567 

Balance of County NA 24,971 

County NA 196,619 

1.4.3 Emissions Inventory 

Listed below, are the 2008 Estimated Annual Average CO, NOX, SO2, ROG, 

PM2.5, PM10, and Pb Emissions Inventory data, for Sacramento County. These 

emission inventory data were obtained from the CARB website 

(http://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/maps/statemap/cntymap.htm#county%20

table). 

 
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Carbon Monoxide: 

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion. The larger 

source categories for CO emissions: mobile sources (on-road motor vehicles, 

other mobile sources (off-road equipment, recreational boats)), and area sources 

(miscellaneous processes (residential fuel combustion,). 

Table 7: 2008 Estimated Annual Average CO Emissions in Sacramento County 

Source Category Tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 3.73 

Waste Disposal 0.05 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coatings 

-- 

Petroleum 

Production & 

Marketing 

0.01 

Industrial Processes 0.27 

Solvent Evaporation -- 

Misc. Processes 40.26 

On-Road Motor 

Vehicles 

209.32 

Other Mobile 

Sources 

86.01 

 

County total 339.65 

 

 
20

Oxides of Nitrogen: 

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) are a by-product of fossil fuel combustion. Oxides of 

Nitrogen are necessary for the formation of photochemical smog (ozone). The 

larger source categories for NOX emissions are: mobile sources (on-road motor 

vehicles, other mobile sources). 

Table 8: 2008 Estimated Annual Average NOX Emissions in Sacramento County 

Source Category tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 3.62 

Waste Disposal 0.05 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coating 

-- 

Petroleum Production and 

Marketing 

0.00 

Industrial Processes 0.23 

Solvent Evaporation -- 

Miscellaneous Processes 3.10 

On-Road Motor Vehicles 44.06 

Other Mobile Sources 24.91 

 

County total 75.97 

 
21

Sulfur Dioxide: 

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is a by-product of fossil fuel combustion. The larger source 

categories for SO2 emissions are: fuel combustion (manufacturing and 

industrial), miscellaneous processes (residential fuel combustion) and mobile 

Sources (off-road recreational vehicles) 

Table 9: 2008 Estimated Annual Average SO2 Emissions in Sacramento County 

Source Category tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 0.07 

Waste Disposal 0.00 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coating 

-- 

Petroleum Production 

and Marketing 

-- 

Industrial Processes 0.07 

Solvent Evaporation -- 

Miscellaneous 

Processes 

0.12 

On-Road Motor 

Vehicles 

0.18 

Other Mobile Sources 0.19 

 

County total 0.63 

 
22

Reactive Organic Gases: 

Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) result from the evaporation of VOC in fuels and 

solvents. ROG are an ingredient for the formation of photochemical smog 

(ozone). The largest source categories for ROG emissions are: cleaning and 

surface coating, solvent evaporation, and mobile sources (on-road motor 

vehicles, other mobile sources). 

Table 10: 2008 Estimated Annual Average ROG Emissions in Sacramento 

County 

Source Category tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 0.35 

Waste Disposal 0.34 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coating 

3.99 

Petroleum Production & 

Marketing 

2.49 

Industrial Processes 0.91 

Solvent Evaporation 13.23 

Miscellaneous Processes 4.04 

On-Road Motor Vehicles 22.69 

Other Mobile Sources 12.94 

 

County totals 60.97 

 
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Particulate Matter- 2.5 Micron: 

Particulate Matter- 2.5 Micron (PM2.5) is both a primary and secondary pollutant. 

However, most PM2.5 emissions result from the combustion of fossil fuels. The 

largest source categories for PM2.5 emissions are: miscellaneous processes 

(residential fuel combustion, paved road dust). 

Table 11: 2008 Estimated Annual Average PM2.5 Emissions – Sacramento 

County 

Source Category tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 0.41 

Waste Disposal 0.01 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coating 

-- 

Petroleum Production & 

Marketing 

-- 

Industrial Processes 0.47 

Solvent Evaporation 0.01 

Miscellaneous 

Processes 

10.12 

On-Road Motor Vehicles 1.45 

Other Mobile Sources 1.34 

 

County Totals 13.81 

 
24

Particulate Matter- 10 Micron: 

Particulate Matter- 10 Micron (PM10) is both a primary and secondary pollutant. 

However, most PM-10 emissions result from the combustion of fossil fuels. The 

largest source categories for PM10 emissions are: miscellaneous processes 

(residential fuel combustion, construction and demolition, paved road dust, and 

un-paved road dust). 

Table 12: 2008 Estimated Annual Average PM10 Emissions in Sacramento 

County 

Source Category Tons/day 

Fuel Combustion 0.42 

Waste Disposal 0.01 

Cleaning & Surface 

Coating 

-- 

Petroleum Production 

& Marketing 

-- 

Industrial Processes 1.07 

Solvent Evaporation 0.01 

Miscellaneous 

Processes 

39.37 

On-Road Motor 

Vehicles 

2.04 

Other Mobile Sources 1.51 

 

County totals 44.43 

 
25

Lead: 

The largest source category for lead (Pb) tends to be emissions from the 

combustion of leaded aircraft fuel, at general aviation airports. (Ref: 2002 Pb 

inventory, EPA report). The largest is the Sacramento Executive Airport in 

Sacramento County. It emits approximately 278 kg Pb/yr (0.3 tons/yr). 

For Pb point sources, the largest point source, is Radiator Specialties, in 

Sacramento County (emissions = 31.5 lbs Pb/yr). 

1.4.4 Air Quality Levels, Data Summaries, and Trends 

Overall, there has been progress, from 1960-2010, in reducing pollutant levels 

within Sacramento County. For example, between 1960 and 2010, the 

population of Sacramento County has increased 189%. However, between 1960 

and 2010, NOX has decreased 13%, VOC has decreased 61%, and CO has 

decreased 70%. There have also been reductions in other pollutants, such as 

O3, Pb, and PM-10. However, continued future emission reductions will be 

needed for future reductions in pollutants such as O3 and PM2.5 

Ozone: 

The current Federal 8 hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) is 

0.075 ppm. 

The Federal 8 hr O3 design value is 0.102 ppm (2006-2008 O3 data, design 

value site = Folsom, CA). Thus, this area continues to be a Federal nonattainment area for the NAAQS, with the classification of severe and an 

attainment deadline of 2019. The Sacramento Federal O3 non-attainment area 

is defined as the Sacramento, Yolo, eastern Solano, southern Sutter, and 

western portions of El Dorado and Placer Counties. 

At the current time, the District expects our O3 non-attainment region to reach 

attainment for the former Federal 8 hr (0.085 ppm) NAAQS in 2018. 

 
26

Table 14: 8 hr Ozone Design Values (D.V.)(ppb) 

Sacramento Federal O3 Nonattainment Area- O3 monitoring sites 

Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Auburn 95 97 102 101 101 99 95 92 93 89 

Colfax 86 86 NA NA NA 88 92 91 97 94 

Cool 103 103 107 104 106 107 102 97 95 96 

Davis 80 81 85 81 77 76 74 73 74 75 

Echo 

Summit 

 76 76 75 72 72 73 

Elk Grove 87 88 85 84 75 80 77 82 82 83 

Folsom 102 101 104 99 100 100 97 97 97 98 

North 

Highlands 

89 87 89 89 92 91 85 80 82 80 

Placerville 98 98 99 96 94 95 94 94 94 93 

Pleasant 

Grove 

81 81 81 83 82 

Rocklin 94 92 93 91 92 

Roseville 93 89 93 90 92 90 87 86 89 89 

Sac-Airport 

Rd 

88 85 82 79 78 77 74 73 73 76 

Sac- Del 

Paso Manor 

95 91 95 92 95 97 95 92 90 90 

Sac- T St 79 80 82 80 79 79 75 73 76 78 

Sloughhouse 97 100 105 98 95 95 94 94 96 93 

Woodland 87 86 84 82 83 83 79 77 79 80 

8 hr D.V. 103 103 107 104 106 107 102 97 97 98 

D.V. site(s) Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool Cool, 

Folsom 

Colfax, 

Folsom

Folsom

Federal 8 hr O3 standard is 84 ppb 

Pleasant Grove and Rocklin sites closed after 2002 

NA: insufficient data available 

 
27

Table 15: 8 hr Ozone Exceedance Days (days) 

Sacramento Federal O3 Nonattainment Area- O3 monitoring sites 

Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Auburn 16 25 17 21 15 11 12 10 29 0 

Colfax 8 9 NA NA 18 12 9 13 14 1 

Cool 25 35 29 32 42 22 8 22 30 10 

Davis 4 5 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 

Echo 

Summit 

 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Elk Grove 4 7 1 3 0 5 1 2 7 1 

Folsom 26 18 15 19 23 26 7 19 25 7 

North 

Highlands 

9 5 7 7 11 4 1 2 10 1 

Placerville 17 23 15 15 20 19 7 16 20 4 

Pleasant 

Grove 

4 3 3 3 2 

Rocklin 12 11 12 8 15 

Roseville 12 9 8 9 11 5 1 9 9 3 

Sac- Airport 

Rd 

6 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 

Sac- Del 

Paso Manor 

10 6 9 6 23 13 3 10 10 2 

Sac- T St 4 4 0 3 3 1 0 1 3 1 

Sloughhouse 24 19 18 15 16 19 8 10 17 2 

Woodland 4 4 0 1 4 0 0 2 4 0 

#.Days 26 35 29 32 42 26 12 22 30 10 

Peak site Folsom Cool Cool Cool Cool Folsom Auburn Cool Cool Cool

Pleasant Grove and Rocklin sites closed after 2002 

NA: insufficient data available 

 
28

Carbon Monoxide: 

The Federal NAAQS for CO is 9 ppm (8 hr mean) and 35 ppm (1 hr average). 

Sacramento Urbanized Area (urbanized areas within Sacramento County) is a 

Federal maintenance area for the 8 hr CO standard. All areas, within this MSA, 

are in attainment for the CO NAAQS. 

All areas, within this MSA, are in attainment for the CAAQS's for CO. 

Table 16: Highest 8 hr CO mean (ppm) 

Sacramento MSA- CO monitoring sites 

Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

North 

Highlands 

4.05 2.86 2.70 1.73 1.90 

Del Paso 

Manor 

3.15 3.51 3.49 2.90 2.49 

El 

Camino/Watt 

3.33 4.19 4.19 3.20 2.84 

Goldenland N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.34 

Airport Rd. 3.53 2.97 3.15 5.58 1.83 

Davis 0.98 0.69 0.56 N/A N/A 

Highest 8 hr 

mean 

4.05 4.19 4.19 5.58 2.84 

Peak site North 

Highlands 

El 

Camino/Watt

El 

Camino/Watt

Airport 

Rd 

El 

Camino/Watt

 
29

Nitrogen Dioxide: 

The new revised 1 hr average Federal NAAQS for NO2 is 0.100 ppm. The 

District will be unclassified for the 0.100 ppm NO2 standard, pending collection of 

sufficient NO2 data, from a new "near-roadway" NO2 monitoring network, for 

designation purposes. The annual Federal NAAQS for NO2 is 0.053 ppm 

(annual arithmetic mean). This MSA attains the Federal NO2 NAAQS. 

Table 17: Highest 1 hr NO2 concentration (ppm) 

Sacramento MSA- NO2 monitoring sites 

Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Bruceville 0.041 0.051 0.052 0.051 0.050 

Folsom 0.052 0.042 0.044 0.049 0.042 

North 

Highlands 

0.146 0.050 0.097 0.127 0.115 

Del Paso 

Manor 

0.066 0.061 0.056 0.051 0.058 

Goldenland N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.046 

T Street 0.072 0.071 0.077 0.064 0.065 

Airport Rd 0.082 0.074 0.072 0.064 0.069 

Roseville 0.067 0.079 0.063 0.058 0.067 

Davis 0.057 0.043 0.045 0.046 0.048 

Highest 1 

hr conc 

0.082 0.079 0.077 0.064 0.069 

Peak 

site(s) 

Airport Rd Roseville T Street T Street, 

Airport Rd. 

Airport Rd. 

Table 18: 1 hr NO2 Design Value: 3 yr average of 4th Highest 1 hr NO2 conc. (ppm)

Sacramento MSA- NO2 monitoring sites 

Site 2005 2006 2007 3 yr average 

of 4th Hi (D.V).

Roseville 0.062 0.063 0.056 0.0603 

Airport Rd 0.058 0.063 0.055 0.0587 

T Street 0.059 0.058 0.059 0.0587 

Del Paso 

Manor 

0.052 0.050 0.048 0.050 

North 

Highlands 

0.049 0.063 0.114 0.0753 

Bruceville 0.042 0.046 0.041 0.043 

Davis 0.041 0.042 0.041 0.0413 

Folsom 0.038 0.038 0.040 0.0387 

 
30

Sulfur Dioxide: 

The current Federal Primary NAAQS for SO2 is 0.030 ppm (annual arithmetic 

mean) and 0.14 ppm (24 hour mean). The current Federal Secondary NAAQS 

for SO2 is 0.5 ppm (3 hr average). This MSA is in attainment for the current 

Federal SO2 NAAQS. 

On June 2, 2010, EPA issued a new revised Federal NAAQS of 75 ppb (1 hour 

average) that will replace the current primary and secondary SO2 standards. 

This new SO2 NAAQS will become effective on August 1, 2010. 

Table 19: Highest 24 hr SO2 average (ppm) 

Sacramento MSA- SO2 monitoring sites 

Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

North 

Highlands 

0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.002 

Del Paso 

Manor 

0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 

Highest 24 

hr average 

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.002 

Peak 

site(s) 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

North 

Highlands 

Del Paso 

Manor, 

North 

Highlands 

Del Paso 

Manor, 

North 

Highlands 

 
31

PM10: 

The Federal NAAQS for PM-10 is 150 ug/m3 (24 hr average). 

Sacramento County attained the Federal PM-10 NAAQS, in 2002. 

Table 20: Highest 24 hour averaged PM-10 SSI (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM10 SSI monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

North 

Highlands 

44 110 65 56 97 

Sac.- 

Branch 

Center 

45 61 38 

Sac.- 

Branch 

Center #2 

 81 56 89 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

49 72 63 70 71 

Sac.- 

Goldenland 

 56 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

44 64 56 56 88 

Sac.- T St. 58 53 109 53 74 

SacAirport Rd. 47 56 81 94 91 

Sacramento- Airport Rd was relocated to Goldenland Court during 2008. 

Sacramento- Branch Center site was relocated during 2006. 

 
PM2

The 

(ann

Porti

PM2

vario

.5: 

Federal NA

ual arithme

ons of the S

.5 NAAQS 

ous bounda

AAQS for P

etic mean). 

Sacrament

of 35 ug/m

ries of the 

M2.5 is 35 

o MSA are

3. Please 

PM2.5 Fed

32

ug/m3 (24 

a Federal 

refer to the

eral non-at

hr average

non-attainm

e graphic sh

ttainment a

e) and 15.0 

ment area f

hown below

reas. 

ug/m3 

for the 24 h

 on the 

r 

 
33

Table 22: 2004-2006 PM2.5 FRM Design Value by County 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

County Design Value (ug/m3) 

El Dorado No monitor 

Placer 38 

Sacramento 49 

Yolo 30 

Table 23: Highest PM2.5 FRM 24 hr average (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 32 51 45 30 60 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

51 80 78 61 74 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

47 59 45 53 65 

Sac.- T St 46 59 54 58 66 

WoodlandGibson 36 35 44 42 42 

Highest 24 

hr average 

51 80 78 61 74 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

 
34

Table 24: PM2.5 FRM Annual Averages (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 9.4 10.0 10.5 8.4 10.0 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

11.5 11.5 13.1 12.3 13.2 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

10.5 10.4 10.8 10.9 12.2 

Sac.- T St NA 10.9 NA 11.9 11.0 

WoodlandGibson 10.4 8.4 9.3 8.3 NA 

Highest 

Annual 

Average 

11.5 11.5 13.1 12.3 13.2 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Table 25: PM2.5 FRM 24 hr Average Design Value (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 32 28 31 30 30 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

49 45 49 52 54 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

44 38 39 41 43 

Sac.- T St 46 41 41 43 43 

WoodlandGibson 30 28 30 33 NA 

Highest 24 

hr average 

design 

value 

49 45 49 52 54 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

 
35

Table 26: PM2.5 FRM National Annual Average Design Value (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 10.8 9.8 10.0 9.7 9.6 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

NA 11.8 12.0 12.3 12.9 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

NA 10.5 10.5 10.7 11.3 

Sac.- T St. NA NA NA 11.9 11.0 

WoodlandGibson 9.8 9.1 9.4 8.7 NA 

Highest 

annual 

average 

design 

value 

10.8 11.8 12.0 12.3 12.9 

Peak site Roseville Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Table 27: California PM2.5 BAM (non-FRM) 24 hr average (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 BAM monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 48 59 55 49 150* 

Elk GroveBruceville 39 49 45 58 83* 

FolsomNatoma 56 55 53 42 131* 

Sac.- Del 

Paso Manor 

58 81 78 61 93* 

Sac.- T St 53 64 54 58 79* 

Davis- UCD 50 60 79 62 78* 

WoodlandGibson 36 35 44 42 42* 

Highest 

PM2.5 BAM 

24 hr 

average 

58 81 79 62 150* 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Davis Davis Roseville 

* Smoke from wildfires, during summer 2008 
36

Table 28: California PM2.5 BAM (non-FRM) Annual Average (ug/m3) 

Sacramento MSA- PM2.5 BAM monitoring sites 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Roseville 9.4 10.0 10.5 12.2 13.8 

Elk GroveBruceville NA NA NA NA 16.1 

FolsomNatoma NA NA 10.7 9.9 13.1 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

11.5 11.5 15.2 12.3 18.9 

Sac.- T St NA 12.5 12.9 NA NA 

DavisUCD 9.4 NA 8.0 8.8 NA 

WoodlandGibson 10.4 NA 9.3 NA 9.7 

Highest 

PM2.5 

BAM 

Annual 

Average 

11.5 12.5 15.2 12.3 18.9 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

T St Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

 
37

Pb: 

Sacramento County was in attainment of the former Pb NAAQS of 1.5 ug/m3. In 

2008, EPA promulgated a revised Pb NAAQS of 0.15 ug/m3. Based upon the 

old historical TSP-Pb dataset and the lack of large (>= 0.5 tons per yr) point/area 

Pb sources in this region, the District does not expect to exceed this revised Pb 

NAAQS. 

Table 29: Historical Monthly Averaged Pb-TSP data (ug/m3) 

Sacramento- El Camino/Watt (micro-scale) monitoring site 

 

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

1996 .009 .010 .016 .038 .035 .012 .009 .010 .012 .016 .015 .008

1997 .014 .014 .012 .007 .007 .006 .009 .007 .008 .010 .007 .012

1998 .005 .004 .008 .006 .003 .005 .036 .008 .007 .008 .010 .008

Pb-TSP Hi-Vol sampling, at El Camino/Watt, terminated May 1999. 

Table 30: Historical Monthly Averaged Pb-TSP data (ug/m3) 

Sacramento H.D.- Stockton Blvd. (neighborhood scale) monitoring site 

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 

1996 .009 .009 .005 .023 .010 .007 .006 .006 .009 .008 .011 .007

1997 .008 .010 .010 .005 .006 .004 .007 .008 .007 .009 .008 .011

1998 .006 .004 .007 .005 .003 .006 .042 .009 .005 .011 .011 .009

Pb-TSP Hi-Vol sampling, at Stockton Blvd., terminated January 1999. 

1.4.5 Climate and Meteorology 

The Sacramento MSA experiences a Mediterranean climate which features a 

warm dry summer and cool wet winter. Thus, there are two distinct seasons 

during the year. The warm season tends to be the months of April-October. The 

cool season tends to be the months of November-March. 

The warm, dry, stable weather, during the warm season, is due to the eastern 

Pacific high pressure cell. Maximum afternoon temperatures may reach 100 

degree or higher, about 8-12 days each year. 

The cool, wet weather, during the cool season, is due to the jet stream in the 

Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Minimum morning temperature may reach 32 (or 

slight lower) degrees F, only a few days each year. The City of Sacramento 

averages about 18 inches of rain each year. Most of the precipitation falls during 

the months of December, January, and February. 
38

Meteorology influences the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the 

atmosphere. The months of April-October, which feature warm temperatures, 

sunny skies, and elevated temperature inversions, is ozone season. This is a 

time of the year when O3 may be elevated. On most days, a sea breeze, from 

the San Francisco Bay area, via the Carquinez Straits, flows into the southern 

Sacramento Valley, blowing from the southwest towards the northeast. 

Precursor emissions from the SF Bay area are transported to the Sacramento 

area. Emissions from the Sacramento area are transported downwind along the 

Interstate 80 and 50 corridors into the downwind areas, such as El Dorado, 

Nevada, and Placer Counties. Under southwest winds, the peak O3 

concentrations are often observed at Cool or Folsom, during the afternoon or 

early evening hours. If the sea breeze weakens, under higher surface pressures 

to the east of California, then the surface winds may blow from the west or 

northwest. Under westerly or northwest winds, the peak O3 concentrations are 

often observed at Folsom or Sloughhouse, during the afternoon or early evening 

hours. 

The predominant surface wind direction for the Sacramento MSA is southerly 

winds, on an annual basis. Listed below is a table which discusses the 

predominant surface wind direction by season, for several locations, going from 

east to west, within the Sacramento MSA. 

Table 31: Predominant Surface Wind Direction by Season & Percent of Time 

Site Site 

Elevation 

Winter Spring Summer Fall Annual 

South Lake 

Tahoe 

6329 ft S 

41.7% 

SSW 

32.0% 

SSW 

43.6% 

S 

29.1% 

SSW 

35.2% 

Blue 

Canyon 

5283 ft S 

33.7% 

SSW 

38.5% 

SSW 

39.6% 

S 

34.7% 

S 

35.6% 

Sacramento 43 ft SSE 

29.3% 

SSW 

41.8% 

SSW 

61.7% 

SSW 

29.3% 

SSW 

37.4% 

Davis 52 ft S 

37.9% 

SSW 

35.5% 

SW 

42.3% 

N 

38.6% 

S 

34.6% 

Ref: California Surface Wind Climatology, CARB/ADD, June 1984. 

The months of November-February tend to be the months for elevated PM2.5, 

due to cool surface temperatures, periods of clear skies and light surface winds, 

and strong surface based temperature inversions, during the evening hours. 

Surface winds, during the winter, tend to be from the southeast or northwest 

directions. As a result, under light surface wind speeds, when residential wood 

combustion occurs, peak winter PM2.5 concentrations tend to be observed at Del 

Paso Manor, during the late evening and very early morning hours. 

 
39

1.4.6 Regional Air Monitoring Network 

This section will discuss the history of the Regional Air Monitoring Network, 

within the Sacramento MSA, and its evolution over time, including reasons for 

alterations. 

The ambient air monitoring sites within the Sacramento MSA are currently 

operated by five different governmental agencies: California Air Resources Board 

(CARB formed in 1967 by merger of State Bureau of Air Sanitation and California 

Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board), El Dorado County APCD (EDCAPCD), 

Placer County APCD (PCAPCD), Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD (SMAQMD, 

former name was SCAPCD), and Yolo-Solano AQMD (YSAQMD, former names 

were Yolo County Health Dept and YSAPCD). 

a) The early air monitoring network (late 1950's-late 1970's) 

The earliest air monitoring network was likely originally established for monitoring 

for compliance with California State Air Quality Standards, as the National 

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were established later, by the 1970 

Clean Air Act. 

The first air monitoring sites, established in this MSA, was likely the Sacramento 

Health Department- Stockton Blvd. particulate monitoring site (late 1950's), 

followed by the Sacramento- 13th and J Street gaseous monitoring site (1963, 

CARB) and the Woodland particulate monitoring site (1963, Yolo Solano APCD). 

Much of the early air monitoring, during the 1960's and 1970's was "exploratory," 

in nature, which attempted to: 1) define the spatial extent of air quality pollutants, 

such as O3, CO, and TSP, and 2) determine the frequency and magnitude of air 

quality exceedances, and 3) visibility impacts from fall season agricultural (rice 

stubble) burning (COH measurements). 

CARB operated a mobile air monitoring unit, during the early 1970's, to collect 

short term ambient monitoring data throughout the State, including the 

Sacramento Valley and Lake Tahoe areas. 

CARB performed CO special purpose monitoring, during the 1970's, in the Lake 

Tahoe air basin, in an effort to understand the winter CO issues in that high 

altitude mountain basin. The average height of the water surface of Lake Tahoe 

is 1900 m MSL. Lake Tahoe is located in a basin surrounded by mountains that 

rise to a height between 2400 and 3040 m MSL. 

Research by CARB, during the summer of 1978, determined that O3, from the 

Sacramento Valley, could be transported by daytime summer prevailing winds, 

into the Sierra foothills. 
40

b) Establishment of the "SLAMS/NAMS" air monitoring network (late 1970's-late 

2000's): 

The foundation of the current ambient air monitoring network is strongly based 

upon the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS)/National Air 

Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and SPM air monitoring network, established during the 

late 1970's and early 1980's. 

The SLAMS/NAMS air monitoring network were larger, better designed, and 

produced better quality data, then the preceding air monitoring networks. This 

was due to several reasons. 

The 1970 Clean Air Act created National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

(NAAQS). Thus, there was a need for NAAQS compliance monitoring for criteria 

pollutants. Better technology led to an improved method for monitoring of 

photochemical pollutants (UV photometry, approx. 1977). Section 319, 1977 

Clean Air Act, required EPA to issue standardized criteria for ambient air 

monitoring to be used nationwide. This led to a quality assurance/quality control 

(QA/QC) program for air monitoring, air monitoring network design requirements, 

sample inlet probe/monitor siting requirements, etc. 

The key reason for expansion of the ambient air monitoring networks was the 

1977 Clean Air Act, which introduced the requirement for State Implementation 

Plan (SIP) development. Since ambient air monitoring was needed, in support of 

SIP development, the result was an expansion of the ambient air monitoring 

network, during the late 1970's and early 1980's. The resulting monitoring 

network became the foundation for today's current air monitoring networks. 

Listed below is an Air Monitoring Station History. This is a list of all current and 

historical monitoring sites, within this MSA, which reported AQ data to the CARB. 

As a result, this list would not contain any monitoring sites that did not submit 

(special purpose monitoring, etc) data to CARB. The current air monitoring sites 

are shown in bold. The list shows the starting and ending date for each particular 

monitoring site. The parameters listed were monitored at one time but generally 

were not operated during the entire operating history of the site. The specific 

parameters measured at each site tend to change over the years, as monitoring 

programs have evolved. 

Table 32: Air Monitoring Station History- Sacramento MSA 

Site Name Year O3

* 

CO NO2 SO2 HC VOC COH TSP Pb PM10 PM

2.5 

Toxics Age

ncy 

El Dorado Co 

Big Hill 2003-

2004 

X X X B B C 

Bliss State Park 1990-

2006 

 X SP C 

Camino 1977-

1978 

 X E 

Coloma- Park 1978 X C 
41

Hq. 

Cool- Hwy 193 1996-

present 

X C 

Echo SummitUS Hwy 50 2000- 

present 

X X X X C 

Georgetown 1977-

1978 

 X E 

Kyburz Fire 

Station 

1978 X C 

Loom Lake 1978 X C 

PlacervilleAirport 1978 X X X X X X X C 

PlacervilleFairlane 1977-

1978 

 X E 

PlacervilleGold Nugget 1992-

present 

X X X C 

PlacervilleLibrary 1985-

1990 

 X C, E 

Shingle 

SpringsPonderosa H.S. 

1989-

1990 

X X E 

Sly Park Dam 1978 X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Airport 

1977-

1978, 

2005-

present 

X X E, C 

(200

5-

pre

sen

t) 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Al 

Tahoe 

1979, 

1982 

 M C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Bijou 

1979-

1989 

X X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Caltrans 

1977-

1978 

X X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Caltrans 

Yard 

1982 M C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Dunlop 

1978-

1982 

 X X X X C 

South Lake 

TahoeFirehouse # 1 

1979-

1981 

 M C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Lake 

Christopher 

1978-

1979 

X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Park 

1975-

1980 

X X X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Police 

Dept 

1974-

1978 

 X E 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Sandy 

Way 

1992-

present 

X X X X X B C 

South Lake 

TahoeStateline (site 

transferred to 

Nevada 

Division of Env. 

Protection) 

1980-

1998 

 X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Tata 

1975-

1976 

X X C 

South Lake 

Tahoe- 3377 

Tahoe Blvd. 

1983-

1992 

X X X X X X C 

Strawberry 1978 X C 

Placer Co 
42

Auburn 1971-

1972 

 X P 

Auburn- DeWitt 1974-

1997 

 X X P 

AuburnDeWitt- C 

Avenue., now 

County 

Center? 

1979-

present 

X P 

Colfax- City 

Hall 

1989, 

1992-

present 

X X P 

Colfax- Church 1988-

1991 

X P 

Lincoln 1974-

1978 

 X P 

Lincoln- L St 1988-

1997 

 X P 

Loomis 1973-

1975 

 X P? 

North Lake 

Tahoe- USCG 

1977-

1980 

 X P 

Olympic ValleySquaw Valley 1995-

1996 

 S C 

Rocklin- Rocklin 

Rd 

1991-

2002 

X X X X X C, P 

Rocklin- Sierra 

College 

1978-

1991 

X X X C, P 

Roseville 1971, 

1973 

 X P 

Roseville- N. 

Sunrise 

1993-

present 

X X X X X B, F X C 

Tahoe City 1974-

1977 

 X C 

Tahoe CityLake Forest 2002-

2004 

X X X X B, F C 

Tahoe City- N. 

Lake Tahoe 

1984 X P 

Tahoe CityRiver Rd 1993-

1994 

 X C 

Weimar 1978 X X X X X X X X C 

Sacramento 

Co 

 

Cal Expo AM 

Youth Hostel 

1982 M M C 

Citrus HeightsSunrise 1980-

1993 

X X X X X X X C 

Elk GroveBruceville 1992-

present 

X X X X B S 

Elk Grove- Via 

Media 

1982 M C 

FolsomLiedesdorff 1978-

1996 

X X X X X S 

FolsomNatoma 1996-

present 

X X X X B S 

North 

HighlandsBlackfoot 

1979-

present 

M M M X M X S 

Rancho 

CordovaKilgore 

1976-

1984 

 X S 

Rio Linda- Fire 

Station 

1978-

1979 

 X S 

SacramentoAg Comm 

Office 

1982 M C 

SacramentoAirport Rd. 1998-

2008 

X X X X X X S 
43

SacramentoBranch Center 1975-

2006 

 X S 

SacramentoBranch Center 

#2 

2006-

present 

 X S 

SacramentoCreekside 1964-

1982 

X X S 

SacramentoDel Paso 

Manor 

1979-

present 

X X X X X X X C B, 

F(C)

, SP 

 S 

SacramentoEarhart Drive 1989-

1997 

X X X X S 

SacramentoEl 

Camino/Watt 

1980-

present 

 X X S 

SacramentoFlorin 1980-

1981 

 M S 

SacramentoGoldenland 2008-

present 

X X X X X X S 

SacramentoMeadowview 1977-

1994 

X S 

Sacramento 

Metro Airport 

Tower 

1982-

1985 

 X X C 

Sacramento10th and P 

1971-

1972 

X X X X C 

Sacramento1025 P 1972-

1980 

X X X X X C 

Sacramento1131 S St 1982-

1989 

 M C 

Sacramento13th and J 

1963-

1971 

X X X X X X C 

Sacramento 

H.D.- Stockton 

Blvd. 

Late 

1950's*

*-

present 

 X X X S 

Sacramento- T 

Street 

1989-

present 

X X X X X B, 

F, 

SP 

 C 

Sherman Island 1978 X X X X X PG

&E 

Sloughhouse 1996-

present 

M S 

Yolo Co 

Broderick- 3rd & 

B St 

1983-

1991 

M Y 

Davis- 5th St 1976-

1979 

X X C 

Davis- Brown 

Ave. 

1981 M C 

Davis- F St 1979 X C 

Davis- Golf 

Course 

1982-

1986 

M M C, Y 

Davis- Russell 

Blvd 

1994-

1995 

 X Y 

Davis- UCD 1988-

present 

X X X X B C 

Dunnigan- Main 1976-

1991 

 M X Y 

Dunnigan- Rest 

Area I5 East 

1982-

1983 

X X C 

Madison- Main 1980 M C 

West 

Sacramento15th Street 

1975-

present 

 X X Y 

WoodlandGibson Rd 1998-

present 

X X B, F Y 
44

WoodlandSutter St. 1992-

1999 

X X X Y 

Woodland- W. 

Main St 

1963-

1991 

X X X X X X C, Y 

* Oxidant was monitored, instead of ozone, prior to 1977. 

* * Sacramento Health Department- Stockton Blvd monitoring site was in 

operation, by Jan 1959. However, it is not known if the Stockton Blvd. site was in 

operation during 1958 or if another "Sacramento" monitoring site was in 

operation during 1958. 

Agency: C = CARB, E = EDCAPCD, P = PCAPCD, S = SMAQMD, Y = 

YSAQMD, PG&E = Pacific Gas and Electric. 

B = BAM monitor 

F = FRM monitor 

M= Special Purpose Monitoring or SPM 

SP = Speciation sampler 

T= TEOM monitor 

X= SLAMS monitor (SLAMS, PAMS, NCore, or SPM) 

# = Collocated sampler 

In the mid 1980's, the promulgation of the Federal PM-10 NAAQS led to the 

creation of the PM-10 SSI monitoring network during the late 1980's and 

termination of TSP sampling during the late 1980's. 

During the summer of 1990 (Sacramento Area Ozone Study) regional monitoring 

studies were conducted, in order, to support model development and research 

needed for O3 SIP development. An enhanced air monitoring network was 

operated, mainly by private contractors, during summer 1990. This monitoring 

network included O3 monitoring at Cool and Sloughhouse. 

During Winter 1990, SMAQMD and SACOG hired SAI to conduct a winter CO 

monitoring study. This study reviewed 5 CO excursions in order to understand 

spatial and temporal CO concentration patterns in the Sacramento Area. 

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments established new Photochemical Air 

Monitoring System (PAMS) monitoring requirements. This enhanced 

photochemical pollutant monitoring program was required in O3 non-attainment 

areas that were classified as serious or severe. As a result, SMAQMD 

established a Type I PAMS site at Elk Grove- Bruceville, Type II PAMS sites at 

Airport Rd (later relocated to Goldenland Court) and Del Paso Manor, Type III 

PAMS site at Folsom- Natoma, and a Radar Wind Profiler at Elk GroveBruceville. 
45

In the mid-1990's, the summer season public notification program, Spare the Air, 

was initiated and led to the initiation of seasonal (April-October) SPM O3 

monitoring at Cool and Sloughhouse. These two monitoring sites were added to 

collect O3 data in areas where data gaps existed. 

During the early 1990's, CARB, via a private contractor, T & B Systems, initiated 

Upper Air Measurements of O3 and Wind Direction/Speed, at 400 ft intervals, on 

a 2000 foot tall television tower, located at Walnut Grove, CA. This site is a 

research site and is not part of the regulatory compliance (SLAMS) monitoring 

network. The data are used for transport studies and forecasting purposes. 

O3 Monitoring by CARB (at Blue Canyon) and various Air Districts, during the 

1990's, in the Mountain Counties Air Basin, revealed that O3, from the Central 

Valley, could be transported by daytime and evening summer upslope winds up 

and over the Sierra Nevada Mountain crest. 

During 1999, several California air districts, including SMAQMD terminated TSPPb monitoring. We terminated TSP-Pb monitoring at Sacramento H.D.- Stockton 

Blvd and Sacramento- El Camino/Watt, as ambient levels were approaching the 

minimum detection levels. 

In the late 1990's, EPA promulgated the Federal PM2.5 NAAQS. This led to the 

initiation of the PM2.5 FRM/SASS/BAM monitoring networks, during 1999-2000. 

During winter 1999, the California Regional Particulate AQ Study (CRPAQS), a 

regional PM2.5 monitoring study, was conducted to collect field data to support 

PM2.5 model development, PM2.5 research, and PM2.5 SIP development. 

During summer 2000, the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS), a regional O3 

monitoring study, was conducted to collect field data to support O3 model 

development and O3 SIP development. 

During 2003, CARB terminated use of PM-10 TEOM samplers, at CARB 

monitoring sites, within the Sacramento Valley (agricultural burn/smoke 

management program), and replaced them with PM2.5 BAM samplers. 

Revised 40 CFR 58 monitoring network requirements (aka: The National Air 

Monitoring Strategy) was proposed during early 2000's and promulgated in fall 

2006. As a result, EPA requested State and Locals to submit Network Review 

Reports. 

In response to the National Air Monitoring Strategy and state budget cuts, CARB, 

during 2002-2006, terminated: a) Rocklin (O3. PM10) air monitoring site and b) 

CO monitors: Placerville, Roseville, Sacramento- T Street, and Davis 
46

During the mid-2000's, PCAPCD initiated the Roseville Railyard Air Monitoring 

Project (RRAMP). This was a seasonal special purpose PM2.5 monitoring study 

designed to study Diesel Particulate Matter emissions trends at the Roseville UP 

Railyard, during summer 2005-2008. 

During winter 2007, SMAQMD initiated the South Sacramento County winter 

PM2.5 SPM study. This seasonal SPM study will collect PM2.5 data at 

Sloughhouse and Rancho Seco, during the months of November through 

February, during the period: 2007-2011. The data will be used to study winter 

rural PM2.5 levels. 

During early spring 2008, John Hopkins School of Public Health collected SPM 

PM data at Folsom site, in support of EPA PM2.5 health studies. 

During fall 2008 and spring 2009, YSAQMD conducted a study of PM2.5 in 

Winters, CA. 

During 2009, CARB installed a CO2 monitor at Roseville, for a greenhouse gas 

monitoring study. 

In the near future, CARB plans to terminate the PM-10 SSI at Placerville for use 

for collocated monitoring at another location within the CARB PQAO. 

c) The current SLAMS Monitoring Network (2009-2013) 

At the current time, EPA has revised 40 CFR 58 ambient monitoring 

requirements or proposes to revise various NAAQS and the associated ambient 

monitoring requirements. Thus, we anticipate the possible future additions to the 

ambient air monitoring network, for the Sacramento MSA, during the next few 

years 

1. Future addition of the NCore monitoring network (January 1, 2011). 

The revised 40 CFR 58 mandates one NCore site to be installed and 

operating, in this MSA, no later than January 1, 2011. The approved 

NCore site location will be Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. NCore will 

require the addition of the following instruments to a monitoring site: CO 

(ppb), NOY (ppb), SO2 (ppb), Pb sampler, PM10-2.5 FRM, and PM10-2.5 

Speciation. 

2. The revised Federal Pb NAAQS requires the installation and operation 

of one non-source orientated TSP-Pb or PM10-Pb sampler, in this MSA, 

no later than January 1, 2012. The proposed Pb site location is 

Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. The District plans to operate a low-volume 

PM10 FRM sampler as the Pb-PM10 sampler. 
47

3. The proposed revised Federal NO2 NAAQS requires the installation 

and operation of two near-roadway NO2 monitors, in this MSA, no later 

than January 1, 2013. Near-roadway is defined as being within 50 meters 

from the highest traffic count roadway segments in major urban areas. 

The proposed site locations will be discussed in the Annual Network Plan, 

due to EPA/Region IX, by July 1, 2012. 

 

4. The proposed revision to O3 monitoring network design requirements 

will not impact this MSA, as we already operate several O3 monitors in 

rural or low population areas. However, the District will be required to 

designate one of the existing O3 monitors as the maximum concentration 

monitoring site. 

In the future, SMAQMD may request permission from EPA for termination of 

various low priority monitors to free up funding/staff/space for the addition of new 

instrumentation, as we do not anticipate any increases in funding and staffing. 

The table listed below, describes the current parameters measured within the 

Sacramento MSA. 

Table 33: Current Parameters Measured within Sacramento MSA (Nov 2010) 

Site O3 CO NO2 SO2 THC VOC PM10 PM2.5 Toxics Met Agency 

El Dorado Co. 

Cool- Hwy 193 X(S) X(S) CARB 

Echo Summit X(S) X(S) CARB 

PlacervilleGold Nugget X X X CARB 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Airport 

X(S) CARB 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Sandy 

 X(B) X CARB 

Placer Co. 

Auburn- County 

Center 

X PCAPCD 

Colfax- City Hall X PCAPCD 

Roseville- N. 

Sunrise 

X X X X, B X X CARB 

Sacto. Co. 

Elk GroveBruceville X X X(E) X(E) B X, P SMAQMD 

FolsomNatoma X X X X B X SMAQMD 

North 

HighlandsBlackfoot 

X X X X SMAQMD 

Sacto- Branch 

Center #2 

 X SMAQMD 

Sacto- Del 

Paso Manor 

X X X X X X, C X(C) A, 

X(C), 

B, N, 

S 

 X SMAQMD 

Sacto- El 

Camino/Watt 

 X SMAQMD 

SactoGoldenland X X X X X, T X SMAQMD 

Sacto H.D.- 

Stockton Blvd. 

 X, T X SMAQMD 
48

Sacto- T Street X X X X, B, S X CARB 

Sloughhouse X(S) X(S) SMAQMD 

Yolo Co. 

Davis- UCD X X B X CARB 

W. Sacto- 15th

Street 

 X YSAQMD 

WoodlandGibson X X X, B X YSAQMD 

A: Aethalometer 

C: Carbonyl sampler 

(B): BAM monitor 

(C): Collocated monitoring 

N: Nephelometer 

P: Radar Wind Profiler 

(S): Seasonal monitoring 

S: Speciation sampling 

T: TEOM monitor 

Please refer to Appendix A, for Maps of Current Air Monitoring Sites within 

Sacramento MSA, from CARB SLAMS Network Plan. 

The graphic below shows the CARB and SMAQMD air monitoring site locations 

within Sacramento County. 
Graphic of CA

 

RB and SMAQMD Air

49

 Monitoring Stations in Sacramento County
50

2.0 Analysis of the Local/Regional Air Monitoring Network 

a) Current Federal Air Monitoring Requirements 

The current 40 CFR 58, Appendix D, requires a minimum number of 

SLAMS/PAMS monitors as a function of population of the Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA) and severity of the pollution levels within the MSA. 

2.1 Analysis of the Air Monitoring Network 

The population of the Sacramento MSA is 2.1 million. The Sacramento 

Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) lies within an 8 hr 

mean Federal O3 non-attainment area with the classification of severe. The 

Sacramento Federal O3 Non-attainment Area (SFNA) includes all of Sacramento 

and Yolo Counties, and portions of El Dorado, Placer, Sutter, and Solano 

Counties. Some portions of the SFNA, such as Solano County portion and the 

Sutter County portion, are areas that do not lie within the Sacramento MSA. The 

main focus of this Network Assessment is on air monitoring conducted within 

Sacramento County. YSAQMD operates two monitoring sites in Solano County: 

Vacaville- Merchant St (PM-10 SSI) and Vacaville- Ulatis Dr. (O3, PM2.5 BAM). 

The SFNA also includes the southern 1/3 of Sutter County, an area with no air 

monitoring sites. 

The District is designated attainment for Federal health standards for CO, NO2, 

and SO2. The District is designated non-attainment for Federal health standards 

for PM2.5. The District is not classified for Pb. The District submitted a PM-10 

Air Quality Maintenance Plan, so it may officially request re-designation from 

non-attainment to attainment of the Federal PM-10 standard. 

The actual air monitoring network is larger than the minimum number of monitors 

required by 40 CFR 58, due to public notification, AQ forecasting/pollutant 

mapping, population exposure, background monitoring, SIP modeling needs, etc. 

40 CFR 58 require the following minimum SLAMS sampling for this MSA, based 

upon population levels and AQ levels. As shown in the tables below, the 

monitoring network within the MSA exceeds the minimum SLAMS monitoring 

requirements for all criteria pollutants. 

 
51

Table 34: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Ozone 

MSA 8-hour Design 

Value (years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

0.102 (2006-

2008)(Folsom) 

2 16 total (12 SLAMS 

and 4 SPM) 

0 

Table 35: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for PM-2.5 

MSA Annual Design 

Value (years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

49 μg/m3 

(2004-2006) 3 

yr average of 

98th Percentile 

Values 

3 FRM 5 FRM 0 

" " N/A 2 Continuous 7 Continuous 0 

Table 36: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for PM-10 

MSA Daily Design Value 

(years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

0.0 expected 

exceedance 

days (2004-

2006) 

2-4 (< 80% of 

NAAQS) 

11 SSI 0 

Table 37: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for NO2 

MSA Daily Design Value 

(years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

N/A 2* NO2 and 2** 

near roadway 

NO2 

8 (7 SLAMS and 1 

SPM) 

2 (see 

comment 

below) 

* Monitors Required for PAMS: 2 NO2 (one at each Type II, SacramentoGoldenland and Sacramento- Del Paso Manor), 1 NOY at either the Type I (Elk 

Grove- Bruceville) or III (Folsom- Natoma) site. 

** Two near roadway NO2 monitors will be required in this MSA, by January 1, 

2013. A near roadway site must be within 50 meters of the major roadway 

segment with the highest AADT count. The District will be required to identify the 

locations of the two near roadway monitoring sites in the Annual Monitoring 

Network Plan, due to EPA, no later than July 1, 2012. 

 
52

Table 38: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for SO2 

MSA Daily Design Value 

(years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

N/A N/A 1 1* 

* Effective August 23, 2010, the revised SO2 primary NAAQS is 75 ppb (1 hr 

average). A minimum of 1 SO2 monitor will be required by January 1, 2013. 

Table 39: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for CO 

MSA Daily Design Value 

(years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

N/A N/A 4 (3 SLAMS and 1 

SPM) 

N/A (see 

comment 

below) 

Monitors Required for CO Maintenance Plan: 1 CO monitor within Sacramento 

Urbanized Area (CO maintenance area). 

Table 40: Minimum Monitoring Requirements for Pb 

MSA Daily Design Value 

(years) 

Min. # Monitors 

Required 

# Monitors Active Monitors 

Needed 

SacramentoArden 

ArcadeRoseville 

N/A 1* None 1 (see 

comment 

below) 

* Due to the revised NAAQS for Pb, this MSA (>= 500,000 population) will be 

required to have, at least, 1 non-source orientated, neighborhood scale Pb 

monitoring site to measure Pb concentrations in urban areas, by January 1, 

2012. At the time of this writing, EPA proposes a rule that would require the nonsource orientated Pb monitoring site to be located at the NCore site. The 

proposed Pb monitoring site, for our area, is Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, 

which is the NCore site. 

State and Local agencies may either install a Pb-TSP or Pb-PM10 sampler. We 

plan to install a Pb-PM10 sampler. Pb-PM10 data may be used to show only 

non-attainment or unclassified status. Pb-TSP data may be used to show 

attainment or non-attainment status. 

The primary reason why we plan to operate a Pb-PM10 sampler, instead of a PbTSP sampler, at the NCore site, is that a low volume Pb-PM10 sampler will 

require less rooftop space, than a high volume Pb-TSP sampler. The amount of 

rooftop space available is limited. Thus, we wish to effectively manage the 

limited amount of rooftop space available, so that we may accomplish our 
53

monitoring objectives, using the least amount of rooftop space, if possible. The 

secondary reason why we plan to operate a Pb-PM10 sampler is that the 

historical 1996-1998 Stockton Blvd. and El Camino/Watt Pb-TSP data and the 

lack of large Pb emission point/area sources suggest that ambient Pb-TSP 

concentration levels, in this area, would be approximately <= 1/10 of the revised 

Federal Health Standard for Pb. 

40 CFR 58 also lists other additional monitoring requirements, such as NCore 

and PAMS. 

The Sacramento MSA is required to install and operate one NCore site, no later 

than January 1, 2011. The EPA approved NCore site is Sacramento- Del Paso 

Manor. The following parameters, at a minimum, are required to be monitored at 

an NCore site: O3, Trace Level CO (ppb), Trace Level NO/NOY, Trace Level 

SO2 (ppb), PM2.5 FRM mass, continuous PM2.5 mass, speciated PM2.5, PM10-

2.5 FRM mass, speciated PM10-2.5, Pb, Wind direction, Wind speed, Ambient 

temperature, and Relative humidity. 

The Sacramento MSA is one of 25 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the 

United States that are required to conduct PAMS monitoring, due to the degree 

of the ozone non-attainment status. The table listed below, discusses the 

required PAMS measurements. 

Table 41: Minimum PAMS Measurement Requirements 

Measurement Where Required Comments 

Speciated VOC Two sites per area, one of which 

must be a Type 2 site. 

One morning and one 

afternoon canister, with 3 

hr or less averaging time, 

plus continuous TNMHC 

monitor. 

Carbonyl Type 2 site in areas classified as 

serious or above for 8 hr O3 std. 

3 hr sample during PAMS 

season. 

NOX All Type 2 sites. 

NOY One site per area, at Type 1 or 

Type 3 site. 

CO (ppb) One site per area, at Type 2 site. 

O3 All PAMS sites 

Surface Met. All PAMS sites 

Upper Air Met. One representative location within 

PAMS area. 

 

From the table listed above, the Sacramento MSA is required to have PAMS 

Type 2 and Type 3 sites. The Type 2 sites are Sacramento- Goldenland and 
54

Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. The Type 3 site is Folsom- Natoma. In addition, 

the District operates a Type 1 site and Radar Wind Profiler, at Elk GroveBruceville. Each summer, during the months of July-September, we collect four, 

3 hour averaged trend VOC (Del Paso Manor and Folsom) and Carbonyl 

samples (Del Paso Manor), every 3rd day. We operate continuous TNMHC 

analyzers, year-round, at all PAMS sites. We operate NOX, year-round, at all 

PAMS sites. We operate surface met., year-round, at all PAMS sites. We 

operate a Radar Wind Profiler, at Bruceville, year-round. 

40 CFR 58, Appendix A, lists the Quality Assurance requirements for ambient air 

monitoring. There is a requirement for collocated, automated and manual PM 

methods, in order, to collect precision data. The requirement is that, each FRM 

or FEM method within a Primary QA Organization must have, at least, 15% of the 

monitors collocated (values of 0.5 and greater round up); and have at least 1 

collocated monitor (if total number of monitors is less than 3). The air districts of 

the Sacramento MSA operate under the CARB Primary QA Organization. The 

collocated, manual PM10 SSI and PM2.5 FRM samplers are located at Del Paso 

Manor. 

Table 42 

Minimum number of NCore/SLAMS/PAMS air samplers required, by 40 CFR 58 

Sacramento MSA 

Parameter NCore SLAMS PAMS Minimum #. 

-------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- 

O3 1* 2 3 3 

CO NA 1 NA 1 

CO (ppb) 1* NA 1 1 

NO2 NA NA 3 3 

NO2 near-roadway NA 2* NA 2* 

NOY (ppb) 1* 0 1 1 + 1* 

SO2 NA NA NA 1* 

SO2 (ppb) 1* NA NA 1* 

TNMHC NA NA 3 3 

VOC NA NA 3 3 

PM-10 SSI NA 2 NA 2 

PM2.5 FRM 1* 3 NA 3 

PM2.5 Continuous 1* 2 NA 2 

PM2.5 Speciation 1* 1 NA 1 

PM10-2.5 FRM 1* NA NA 1* 

PM10-2.5 Continuous NA NA NA NA 

PM10-2.5 Speciation 1* NA NA 1* 

Pb NA 1* NA 1* 

Note: * Future monitoring requirement 
55

Thus, the minimum number of samplers required within this MSA, as of October 

2009, is 22. Note that is many cases, a single monitor can satisfy multiple 

monitoring requirements. 

The table listed below shows the current number of monitors deployed within this 

MSA. Note that PAMS and NCore are subsets of SLAMS. 

Table 43: Actual number of NCore/SLAMS/PAMS/SPM samplers 

 Sacramento MSA (November 2010) 

Parameter NCore SLAMS PAMS SPM** Total 

-------------- -------- ---------- ---------------- ------- 

O3 1 11 4 5 16 

CO NA 3 NA 1 4 

CO (ppb) 0* NA NA 0 0* 

NO2 NA 7 4 1 8 

NOY (ppb) 0* NA 1 NA 1* 

SO2 NA 1 NA 1 1 

SO2 (ppb) 0* NA NA NA 0* 

TNMHC NA NA 4 NA 4 

VOC NA NA 3 NA 3 

PM-10 SSI 1 10 NA 1 10 

PM-10 TEOM NA 2 NA NA 2 

PM-10 BAM NA 1 NA NA 1 

PM2.5 FRM 1 5 NA NA 5 

PM2.5 BAM 1 7 NA NA 7 

PM2.5 Speciation 1 1 NA NA 1 

PM10-2.5 FRM * NA NA NA 0 

PM10-2.5 Speciation 0 NA NA NA 0 

Pb 0 0 NA NA 0 

Toxics NA NA NA 1 1 

Aethalometer NA NA NA 1 1 

Nephelometer NA NA NA 1 1 

Note: * Instrumentation to be installed during late 2010. 

** SPM are site declared as SPM in AIRS and do not count toward 

Minimum 40 CFR 58 monitoring requirements. 

 *** Monitoring method to be developed by EPA 

 
56

As of November 2010, the following samplers exist in the Sacramento MSA: 

1) O3 monitors are located at Cool (seasonal SPM), Echo Summit (seasonal 

SPM), Placerville, South Lake Tahoe (seasonal SPM), Auburn, Colfax, Roseville, 

Elk Grove- Bruceville, Folsom, North Highlands (SPM), Sacramento- T Street, 

Sacramento- Goldenland Court, Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, Sloughhouse 

(seasonal SPM), Davis, and Woodland. 

2) CO monitors are located at North Highlands (SPM), Sacramento- Del Paso 

Manor, Sacramento- El Camino/Watt, and Sacramento- Goldenland Court. 

3) CO (ppb) trace level monitor is being installed at Sacramento- Del Paso 

Manor. 

4) NO2 monitors are located at Roseville, Elk Grove- Bruceville, Folsom, North 

Highlands (SPM), Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, Sacramento- Goldenland Court, 

Sacramento- T Street, and Davis. 

5) NO2 (near-roadway) monitors: None exist now. However, two NO2 nearroadway monitors will be installed and operating, in this MSA, no later than 

January 1, 2013. 

6) NOY (ppb) trace level monitors: One NOY monitor is located at Folsom. One 

NOY monitor will be installed at Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. 

7) SO2 monitor is located at Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. 

8) SO2 (ppb) trace level monitor is being installed at Sacramento- Del Paso 

Manor. 

9) TNMHC monitors are located at Elk Grove- Bruceville, Folsom, SacramentoGoldenland Court, and Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. 

10) Speciated VOC canister samplers are located at Elk Grove- Bruceville 

(episodic monitoring only), Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, and Folsom- Natoma. 

11) Carbonyl sampler is located at Sacramento- Del Paso Manor. 

 

12) PM-10 SSI samplers are located at Placerville, Roseville, North Highlands, 

Sacramento- Branch Center #2, Sacramento- Del Paso Manor (collocated), 

Sacramento- Goldenland Court, Sacramento H. D.- Stockton Blvd, SacramentoT Street, West Sacramento, and Woodland. 

13) PM-10 TEOM samplers are located at Sacramento- Goldenland Court and 

Sacramento H.D.-Stockton Blvd. 

14) PM-10 BAM sampler is located at South Lake Tahoe. 
57

15) PM2.5 FRM samplers are located at Roseville, Sacramento- T Street, 

Sacramento- Del Paso Manor (collocated), Sacramento H.D.- Stockton Blvd, and 

Woodland. 

16) PM2.5 BAM samplers are located at Roseville, Elk Grove- Bruceville, 

Folsom, Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, Sacramento- T Street, Davis, and 

Woodland. 

17) PM2.5 (SASS/URG) Speciation samplers are located at Sacramento- T 

Street (SLAMS) and Sacramento- Del Paso Manor (Speciation Trend Network or 

STN). 

18) Pb samplers: None exist now. One non-source orientated Pb sampler will be 

installed and operating, at Sacramento- Del Paso Manor NCore site, no later 

than January 1, 2012. 

19) Toxics sampler: A toxics sampler is located at Roseville. 

2.2 Monitoring Objectives and Spatial Scales

The basic three monitoring objectives are to: 1) provide air pollution data to the 

general public in a timely manner; 2) support compliance with ambient quality 

standards and emission strategy development; and 3) support air pollution 

research studies. To support these monitoring objectives there are a variety of 

types of monitoring sites including sites located to determine the highest pollutant 

concentration, the representative concentrations in areas of high population 

density, the impact of major pollution emissions sources, the general background 

concentration levels, the extent of pollutant transport, and impacts on visibility, 

vegetation, and other welfare-based impacts. 

The physical sitting of an air monitoring station must achieve a spatial scale of 

representativeness that is consistent with the monitoring objective of the monitor. 

The spatial scale results from the physical location of the site with respect to the 

pollutant sources. It estimates the size of the area surrounding the monitoring 

site that experiences uniform pollutant concentrations. Table 44 shows the 

different site types and the appropriate spatial scale. Table 45 shows each of the 

monitoring sites in Sacramento MSA and its criteria pollutant objective and 

spatial scales. 

The categories of spatial scale are: 

 Microscale – An area of uniform pollutant concentration ranging from 

several meters up to 100 meters. 

Middle Scale – Uniform pollutant concentrations in an area of about 100 

meters to 0.5 kilometers 
58

Neighborhood Scale – An area with dimensions in the 0.5 to 4.0 kilometer 

range. 

Urban Scale – Citywide pollutant conditions with dimensions ranging from 

4 to 50 kilometers. 

Regional Scale – A large area, usually rural, of the same general 

geography and without large sources that extends from tens to hundreds 

of kilometers. 

Table 44 – Site Type and Associated Spatial Scale 

Site Type Appropriate Spatial Scale 

Highest Concentration Micro, Middle, Neighborhood 

Population Exposure Neighborhood, Urban 

Source Impact Micro, Middle, Neighborhood 

General/background 

levels 

Urban, Regional 

Regional transport Urban, Regional 

Welfare-Related Urban, Regional 

Table 45 – Site Type and Spatial Scale 

Site Type 

HC – High concentration 

RC - Representative 

Concentration 

IM – Source Impact 

BL – General/Background 

WF – Welfare-based 

 Spatial Scale 

MI – Microscale 

MS – Middle scale 

NS – Neighborhood 

scale 

US – Urban scale 

Site Name, AIRS 

Site Number, 

Site Elevation 

(m) 

O3 CO NO2 SO2 VOC PM2.5 PM10 

Cool- Hwy 193, 

06-017-0020, 

515 m. 

RS/HC

* 

 

Echo Summit, 

06-017-0012, 

2250 m. 

RS/HC

* 

 

PlacervilleGold Nugget, 

06-017-0010, 

585 m. 

RS/HC RS/HC 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Airport 

Rd, 06-017-

0013, 2085 m. 

RS/HC

* 

 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Sandy 

Way, 06-017-

0011, 1905 m. 

 NS/HC 

Colfax- City 

Hall, 06-061-

0004, 737 m. 

US/HC 
59

Site Name, AIRS 

Site Number, 

Site Elevation 

(m) 

O3 CO NO2 SO2 VOC PM2.5 PM10 

Roseville- N. 

Sunrise, 06-

061-0006, 49 m. 

US/HC NS/RC NS/HC US/HC 

SacramentoGoldenland Ct., 

06-067-0014, 3 

m. 

RC/NS RC/NS HC/NS HC/NS RC/NS 

SacramentoBranch Center 

Rd #2, 06-067-

0284, 21 m. 

 RC/NS 

Elk GroveBruceville Rd., 

06-067-0011, 6 

m. 

RC/NS RC/NS BL/NS BL/NS 

SacramentoDel Paso 

Manor, 06-067-

0006, 25 m. 

HC/NS RC/NS RC/NS HC/NS HC/NS HC/NS RC/NS 

Sacramento-El 

Camino Watt, 

06-067-0007, 18 

m. 

 HC/MI 

Folsom – 50 

Natoma, 06-

067-0012, 98 m. 

HC/NS HC/NS RC/NS RC/NS 

North 

HighlandsBlackfoot, 06-

067-0002, 45 m. 

RC/NS

* 

RC/NS* RC/NS

* 

 RC/NS 

Sacramento 

H.D.-Stockton 

Blvd., 06-067-

4001, 8 m. 

 RC/NS RC/NS 

SloughhouseSloughhouse 

Rd., 06-067-

5003, 58 m. 

RC/NS

* 

 

Sacramento-T 

Street, 06-067-

0010, 5 m. 

RC/US RC/MS RC/NS HC/NS 

Davis- UCD, 06-

113-0004, 25 m. 

US/HC NS/RC NS/RC 

West 

Sacramento15th St., 06-

113-2001, 7 m. 

 NS/HC 

WoodlandGibson, 06-113-

1003, 11 m. 

US/HC NS/HC US/HC 
60

Note that the Special Purpose Monitoring listed in Table 45 (declared as SPM in 

AIRS) does not count towards 40 CFR 58 minimum monitoring requirements. 

2.3 Network Description by Pollutant 

1. Ozone: The Sacramento MSA is a non-attainment area for state and federal 

O3 health standards. Highest O3 concentrations within the Sacramento MSA, 

based upon design value, are observed at Colfax, Cool, Folsom, Sloughhouse, 

Auburn, Del Paso Manor, and Placerville. O3 is also monitored at Bruceville, 

Roseville, T Street, Davis, Echo Summit (SPM), South Lake Tahoe, Woodland, 

and North Highlands. here are four PAMS sites within Sacramento County: 

Folsom (Type III), Del Paso Manor (Type II- secondary), Goldenland Court (Type 

II- primary), and Bruceville (Type I). The Elk Grove- Bruceville PAMS Type 1 site 

is the upwind monitoring site for O3 and it does provide population exposure data 

for southern Sacramento County. 

2. CO: The Sacramento MSA is in attainment for state and federal CO health 

standards. Sacramento County is a CO maintenance area. The CO 

maintenance plan stipulates that, at least, one CO monitor must be operated, in 

an appropriate location, to demonstrate continued compliance with the CO health 

standard. 

Currently, CO is monitored at the following sites: Goldenland Court, North 

Highlands (SPM), Del Paso Manor, and El Camino/Watt (micro-scale site). The 

NCore program will require CO (trace level) monitoring at the Sacramento- Del 

Paso Manor NCore site. In the future, after the Del Paso Manor trace level CO 

(FRM) monitor is operating correctly and meets all applicable QA/QC 

requirements, the current conventional (non-trace level) CO FRM monitor will be 

turned off, as it is replacing one FRM with another FRM. 

3. NO2: The Sacramento MSA is in attainment for current state and federal NO2 

health standards. Currently, NO2 is monitored at the following sites: Davis, Del 

Paso Manor, Elk Grove- Bruceville, Folsom, Goldenland Court, North Highlands 

(SPM), Roseville, and T Street. Trace Level NOY monitoring will be required at 

Del Paso Manor (NCore site). A NOY monitor exists at the Folsom site. 

4. SO2: The Sacramento MSA is in attainment for the state and federal health 

standards for SO2. SO2 is monitored at Del Paso Manor, However, since Del 

Paso Manor will be a NCore site, SO2 (trace level) monitoring will be mandatory 

at that site. In the future, after the Del Paso Manor SO2 trace level (FRM) 

sampler is operating properly and meets all NCore QA/QC requirements, the 

current conventional (non-trace level) SO2 FRM will turned off, as it is replacing 

one FRM for another FRM. 

5. PM10: Sacramento County has attained the federal health standard for PM10, 

and has submitted a PM-10 Maintenance Plan to EPA. PM10 SSI samplers, are 
61

operated, at the Branch Center #2, Del Paso Manor (colocated monitoring), 

Goldenland Court, North Highlands, Placerville, Roseville, Stockton Blvd, T 

Street, West Sacramento, and Woodland sites. 

Continuous PM-10 monitors are operated at Sacramento- Goldenland Court 

(TEOM Model 1400 sampler) and Sacramento H.D.- Stockton Blvd. (TEOM 

Model 1400 sampler). These first generation TEOM's have a heated inlet which 

volatize VOC's from residential wood smoke, which causes a large bias in the 

data. These data are not accepted by CARB for comparison to the State PM10 

standard. 

Table 46 

Highest 24 hr averaged PM-10 SSI (ug/m3)/Annual average PM-10 SSI (ug/m3) 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Airport Road 47/19.6 56/20.4 81/25.7 94/22.4 91/18.8 

Goldenland 

Court 

 56/26.5 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

44/20.9 69/20.7 56/22.5 56/20.0 88/22.2 

T Street 58/20.0 53/20.9 109/26.4 53/19.9 74/24.9 

West 

Sacramento 

54/23.5 63/23.3 77/27.9 61/21.0 61/24.1 

Sacramento- Airport Road was relocated to Goldenland Court during 2008. 

Table 47 

Highest 24 hour average PM-10 SSI (ug/m3)/Annual average PM-10 SSI (ug/m3) 

Site 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 

North 

Highlands 

73/26.2 82/23.1 64/23.1 53/17.3 62/21.0 

Del Paso 

Manor 

141/27.0 59/22.1 68/18.0 86/24.3 54/20.6 

Site 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

North 

Highlands 

44/23.5 110/27.2 65/25.9 56/24.0 97/29.0 

Del Paso 

Manor 

49/22.1 72/22.4 63/24.2 70/19.6 71/22.2 

6. PM2.5: The Sacramento MSA is a non-attainment area for the Federal PM2.5 

standard of 35 ug/m3. Currently, PM2.5 is monitored, using FRM samplers, at 

the following sites: Del Paso Manor (collocated), Roseville, Stockton Blvd, T 

Street, and Woodland. The highest 24 hr averaged PM2.5 levels are observed at 
62

Del Paso Manor, followed by T Street and Stockton Blvd. The Stockton Blvd. 

PM2.5 FRM sampler lies 2 miles away from the T Street site and may be 

redundant to the T Street site. 

Continuous PM2.5 sampling is conducted, using BAM samplers, at Bruceville, 

Davis, Del Paso Manor, Folsom, Roseville, T Street, and Woodland. Highest 24 

hr averaged PM2.5 BAM concentrations are observed at Del Paso Manor, 

followed by Davis, Roseville, and Folsom (light commercial/residential). Highest 

annual averaged PM2.5 BAM concentrations are observed at Del Paso Manor, 

followed by T Street. 

Since PM2.5 forecasting requires continuous PM2.5 BAM monitors, the PM2.5 

BAM samplers are high priority. 

A PM2.5 BAM sampler at Folsom was installed in spring 2002. The Folsom area 

is characterized by low density residential housing, with a smaller low density 

commercial area. Folsom's population of about 70,000 is similar to the 

population of Davis, CA. and Woodland, CA. Since the Folsom site was 

optimized for highest ozone concentrations, not PM, and this site lies downwind 

of Folsom Lake (an area with little or no PM emissions), particularly during 

northeasterly nighttime drainage flows, this site was not expected to see elevated 

concentrations of PM2.5, from the populated areas during evening hours. If the 

Folsom PM2.5 BAM was relocated to a different and better PM site location 

within Folsom, the BAM may observe higher PM2.5 values. 

There are two PM2.5 speciation samplers in Sacramento County: T Street and 

Del Paso Manor. An EPA network review report on the national wide STN 

network stated that the speciation sampler at T Street may be too close to Del 

Paso Manor. EPA originally preferred to locate these STN samplers at PAMS 

Type II sites that had a PM2.5 FRM sampler. In addition, Del Paso Manor will be 

the NCore site, where PM2.5 speciation sampling is required. Thus, the T Street 

PM2.5 speciation sampler may be a redundant sampler. 

7. PAMS NMHC, VOC, & Carbonyl: SMAQMD operates total non-methane 

hydrocarbon analyzers, year-round, at four PAMS sites: Bruceville, Goldenland 

Court, Del Paso Manor, and Folsom. SMAQMD conducts speciated VOC 

sampling, during the months of July-September, at Del Paso Manor and Folsom. 

SMAQMD conducts carbonyl sampling, during the months of July-September, at 

Del Paso Manor. Since the revised 40 CFR 58 no longer requires Type 1 PAMS 

sites and only requires TNMHC and VOC at Type 2 and Type 3 sites, and the 

background levels of VOC, at the upwind Type 1 site, have declined, over the 

last two decades, and the minimum detection level of the Total NNHC analyzers 

is approximately 7.5 pptm. A future review of historical Bruceville TNMHC and 

VOC data should be conducted, to ascertain, if the PAMS TNMHC and VOC 

monitoring at the PAMS Type 1 site should be terminated. 
63

The Carbonyl sampler at Del Paso Manor is mandated, but carbonyl data (3 

VOC's) may not be as useful as the speciated VOC dataset (55 VOC's). Several 

years ago, EPA considered terminating the requirement for carbonyl sampling, 

due to its high cost, relative to its degree of usefulness. 

8. Aethelometer: An aethelometer is sited at Del Paso Manor. It is a SPM 

monitor left over from the 1999-2000 CRPAQS regional PM study. Aethelometer 

provides a qualitative measurement of black carbon. Aethelometer data may be 

useful for focused special purpose studies, when there is a specific need for this 

data. 

9. Nephelometer: A nephelometer is sited at Del Paso Manor. It is a SPM 

monitor left over from the 1999-2000 CRPAQS regional PM study. 

Nephelometers measure light scattering from gases. The amount of light 

scattering is a function of PM and humidity in the air. Thus, nephelometer data 

may act as a surrogate for PM measurements. 

10. Surface Meteorological Measurements: Surface meteorological parameters 

such as wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS), ambient temperature (TMP), 

relative humidity (rh), and solar radiation SRD), are measured at the four PAMS 

sites: Bruceville, Goldenland Court, Del Paso Manor, and Folsom. Additional 

parameters, such as ultraviolet radiation (UV), precipitation (Prec.), and 

barometric pressure (BP), are measured at Bruceville. 

The T Street site, a non-PAMS SLAMS site, measures wind direction, wind 

speed, temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. 

The Sloughhouse site, a non-PAMS seasonal O3 monitoring site, measures wind 

direction and wind speed, during the months of April-October. 

Table 48: Surface Meteorological Measurements at Sacramento County 

monitoring sites 

Site WD WS Tmp Rh SRD UV Prec. BP 

Bruceville X X X X X X X X 

Goldenland X X X X X 

Del Paso 

Manor 

X X X X X 

Folsom X X X X X 

T Street X X X X X 

Sloughhouse X X 

 
64

11. Upper Air Measurements: 

The District operates a Radar Wind Profiler, year-round, at the Bruceville site. It 

collects upper level wind and temperature data, as per the PAMS requirements. 

CARB provides funding for T & B Systems, Inc, a private technical contractor, to 

operate Ozone and Wind sensors, placed at the surface and at 400 ft intervals, 

on the 2000 foot tall, Hearst-Argyle TV Tower, located in Walnut Grove, CA 

(southwestern Sacramento County). This is a research site, collecting upper air 

data used for O3 forecasting and transport studies. 

Table 49: Upper Air Measurements of Winds and Air Quality 

Site Ozone aloft Wind Direction/Wind Speed 

Bruceville- Radar 

Wind Profiler 

 X 

Walnut Grove TV Tower X X 

 
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68

transported towards the northwest, towards Airport Rd. Around 9 or 10 am, the 

winds switch to a southwest direction, so downtown emissions during the late 

morning, afternoon, and early evening are transported towards the northeast, 

towards Del Paso Manor (The Type II-secondary site). After sunset, the winds 

once again revert to a southeasterly direction, and blow towards the Airport Rd. 

site. This surface met. site is a good site for observing north winds, during some 

seasons of the year. 

Under the current California Alternative Plan (CAP III), this site is not required to 

monitor for speciated VOC or carbonyl, but it is required to measure O3, NO2, 

continuous THC, and surface meteorology. 

During June 2010, EPA approved our request for permission to relocate the Del 

Paso Manor PM-10 TEOM to the Goldenland Court site, in order to provide data 

for rare, infrequent high wind PM events, etc. 

b) Sacramento- Branch Center #2 site: This site has one PM-10 SSI sampler. 

This site was sited near an aggregate operation that has been shutdown and 

relocated to a newer site that is near this location. It does not observe elevated 

24 hr PM-10 levels. This site is located near moderate population density areas 

of the Rosemont community in Sacramento. 

c) Elk Grove- Bruceville: This site is a PAMS Type I site, equipped with a Radar 

Wind Profiler for Upper Air Wind measurements. PAMS TNMHC/VOC 

monitoring is not mandated at a PAMS Type I, under the revised 40 CFR 58. 

This site is the upwind O3/NO2/PM2.5 BAM (background concentration) 

monitoring site, under southerly winds. This rural site occasionally observes the 

highest PM2.5 concentrations in Sacramento County. The surface meteorology 

monitors observe the start of a clean out period, due to a strong sea breeze. The 

upper air data from the Radar wind profiler are very useful, on a daily basis, 

when forecasting local air quality, both during the summer O3 and winter PM 

seasons. 

d) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor: This site is one of the largest air monitoring 

sites within Northern California, in terms of number of parameters measured. 

This site measures: O3, CO, NO2, SO2, TNMHC, VOC, Carbonyl, PM10 SSI 

(colocated), PM2.5 FRM (colocated), PM2.5 BAM, PM2.5 (STN) Speciation, 

Aethalometer, Nephelometer, WD, WS, Temp, rh, and Solar Radiation. This site 

is a PAMS Type II- Secondary site, with PM2.5 FRM and Speciation (STN) 

samplers. PAMS monitoring is mandated under 40 CFR 58. This site is a good 

site for measuring gases and particulate, due to its location in the middle of the 

Sacramento urbanized area and downwind from downtown Sacramento. The 

area around the monitor has low moderate population density. 
69

This site was approved to be the NCore site. As space on the current rooftop for 

future additional NCore equipment was limited, the roof deck was enlarged and 

the electrical capacity was increase during spring 2010. 

SMAQMD inherited a single channel aethalometer and a nephelometer from the 

1999 CRPAQS regional PM study. These samplers are located at Del Paso 

Manor. 

The Goldenland Court site and Stockton Blvd. site have PM-10 TEOM samplers. 

They were introduced into our monitoring network in the early 1990's, when 

CARB was testing use of PM-10 TEOM samplers, in the Sacramento Valley Air 

Basin for use in the Agricultural Burn Forecasting Program. In 2003, the CARB 

has replaced all of their PM-10 TEOM samplers with PM2.5 BAM samplers. In 

addition, there has been a reduction in #acreage burned/yr. These PM-10 TEOM 

samplers feature a heated inlet. The heated inlet reduces the amount of volatile 

VOC's collected during wintertime residential wood combustion, by at least 30%-

50%. Thus, it is difficult to correlate PM-10 TEOM data to PM-10 SSI data. At 

one time, SMAQMD did issue in-house forecasts for elevated winter-time PM-10, 

based upon TEOM data. However, the District has not issued PM-10 AQI 

forecasts, since winter 2000, due to lack of elevated PM-10 levels, switch to 

winter-time PM2.5 AQI forecasting, and differences between PM-10 and PM2.5 

AQI scales. We operate the first generation Model 1400 TEOM's, which are no 

longer supported (spare parts, repair, and technical support) by the 

manufacturer, effective July 6, 2007. In addition, the District is in attainment of 

the Federal PM-10 standard and the data from PM-10 TEOM sampler is not 

approved by CARB for comparison to the State PM-10 Standard. Furthermore, 

more space was needed at Del Paso Manor, for NCore instrumentation. Thus, in 

June 2010, we submitted a request to EPA requesting permission to relocate the 

Del Paso Manor PM-10 TEOM to Goldenland Court, to provide hourly data for 

rare, infrequent high wind events. EPA approved our request for permission to 

relocate the Del Paso Manor PM-10 TEOM, in June 2010. 

e) Sacramento- El Camino/Watt: This site is a micro-scale CO site. This site no 

longer observes elevated concentrations of CO, due to the introduction of 

oxygenated fuels, during winter months, in the early 1990's. This micro scale CO 

site was required, under the former 40 CFR 58 requirements. Under the revised 

40 CFR 58 regulations, the statutory requirement for a micro scale CO site does 

not exist. Thus, this CO monitoring site is proposed to be terminated. 

f) Folsom-Natoma: This site is a "downwind" PAMS Type III site. This site is a 

mandatory PAMS site. This site often observes the highest O3 concentrations 

within Sacramento County, especially under light moderate southwesterly winds. 

The area around the site has low to moderate population density. 

g) North Highlands- Blackfoot site: This special purpose monitoring site was 

originally established to collect AQ data, for a proposed USAF power plant (PSD) 
70

project, on McClellan AFB, in the late 1970's. However, the proposed PSD 

project was cancelled, over 20-25 years ago. This neighborhood scale site 

measures O3 (SPM), CO (SPM), NO2 (SPM), and PM-10 SSI (SLAMS). The 

area around the site has high population density. 

None of the monitors at this site are required to meet SO2 regulatory 

requirements. During summer 2010, we submitted a request to EPA for 

permission to terminate the SO2 monitor at North Highlands. That request was 

approved during fall 2010. 

h) Sacramento- Stockton Blvd: This site has a PM2.5 FRM sampler, a PM-10 SSI 

sampler, and a PM-10 TEOM sampler. The area around the site is high 

moderate population density. 

This site is one of the three higher PM sites for Sacramento County (Del Paso 

Manor, T Street, Stockton Blvd.). 

We performed two-tailed t-tests to compare the Stockton Blvd and T Street 

PM2.5 FRM 24 hr averaged data, for three winter and summer seasons (Ref: 

Appendix B). 

The winter season is the season for elevated PM2.5. The t-test assumes 

homogeneous variances. This is a valid assumption, in this case, as these two 

different data sets had nearly equal standard deviations. 

Table 50: Inputs used in two sample t-test performed on winter PM2.5 FRM data 

Period Mean 

(Sck. 

Blvd.) 

Mean (T 

Street) 

Std. Dev. 

(Sck. 

Blvd.) 

Std. Dev. 

(T Street)

N (# of 

data 

pairs) 

tN-2 

10/1/03-

3/31/04 

15.1 

ug/m3 

15.7 

ug/m3 

10.3 

ug/m3 

10.3 

ug/m3 

115 -0.441 

10/1/04-

3/31/05 

14.0 

ug/m3 

15.4 

ug/m3 

10.1 

ug/m3 

11.1 

ug/m3 

151 -1.115 

10/1/05-

3/31/06 

13.7 

ug/m3 

14.0 

ug/m3 

11.2 

ug/m3 

10.9 

ug/m3 

161 -0.243 

Since critical values were +1.960 and -1.960, for α = 0.05 (95% confidence level) 

and the tN-2 values lie within the upper and lower critical values, we conclude that 

Stockton Blvd. and T Street PM2.5 FRM winter data sets are redundant, with a 

95% confidence level. 

 
71

Table 51: Inputs used in two sample t-test performed on summer PM2.5 FRM 

data 

Period Mean 

(Sck. 

Blvd.) 

Mean (T 

Street) 

Std. Dev. 

(Sck. 

Blvd.) 

Std. Dev. 

(T Street)

N (# of 

data 

pairs) 

tN-2 

4/3/03-

9/30/03 

6.48 

ug/m3 

7.76 

ug/m3 

2.64 

ug/m3 

3.15 

ug/m3 

50 -2.20 

4/3/04-

9/27/04 

6.08 

ug/m3 

7.31 

ug/m3 

2.21 

ug/m3 

2.61 

ug/m3 

51 -2.57 

4/1/05-

9/28/05 

6.41 

ug/m3 

7.39 

ug/m3 

2.88 

ug/m3 

3.09 

ug/m3 

54 -1.70 

For the period, 4/3/03-9/30/03, the Stockton Blvd. and T Street PM2.5 data sets 

are equal, with a 98% confidence level (critical values = +2.326 and -2.326, for α

= 0.02). 

For the period, 4/3/04-9/27/04, the Stockton Blvd. and T Street PM2.5 data sets 

are equal, with a 99% confidence level (critical values = +2.576 and -2.576, for α

= 0.01). 

For the period, 4/1/05-9/28/05, the Stockton Blvd. and T Street PM2.5 data sets 

are equal, with a 95% confidence level (critical values = +1.960 and -1.960, for α

= 0.05). 

From these analyses of both winter and summer PM2.5 FRM data, we conclude 

that the Stockton Blvd. and T Street PM2.5 FRM data are redundant, when you 

take into account the similar means and standard deviations, and t-test results. 

The distance between Stockton Blvd. and T Street is only 2 miles. T Street 

measures PM-10 SSI, PM2.5 (FRM, BAM, Speciation). 

i) Sloughhouse: This site is a seasonal O3 (SPM) site located to capture 

maximum O3 concentrations under northwest winds. It is a rural site with low 

population density. The O3 data shows that this site is one of the top four or five 

sites for O3 design value, within the Sacramento MSA. This site is important for 

AQI forecasting, under northwest winds. This site provides spatial mapping data 

for southeastern Sacramento County. 

j) Sacramento- T Street site: This O3/NO2/PM10 SSI/PM2.5 FRM/PM2.5 

(SLAMS) Speciation/PM 2.5 BAM site lies in downtown Sacramento. It also lies 

within the central business district with high population density. The O3 data 

from T Street is similar to the O3 data from the upwind rural sites. NO2 is higher 

than the upwind sites. PM data from this site is similar to PM data from Del Paso 

Manor, but Del Paso Manor data tends to be a little higher. The T Street site is 
72

6.5 miles southwest from Del Paso Manor. Del Paso Manor is a STN site vs. a 

SLAMS site, for PM2.5 Speciation. As a result, the PM2.5 Speciation monitor, at 

T Street, may be a redundant monitor (Ref: EPA PM2.5 Speciation Network 

Assessment) 

k) Walnut Grove Tower: This upper air research site measures upper level wind 

direction/speed and upper level O3 concentrations. 

2.6 Site by Site Analysis of Local Air Monitoring Network 

This section uses Site by Site Analysis, which evaluated each site using various 

statistical tools and metrics. Most of the statistical tools used, were from the 

EPA. The EPA Network Assessment (Statistical) Tools used data (75% or higher 

data capture rate) from the Air Quality System for years 2005-2008. 

a) Number of parameters measured. 

Table 52: Number of Parameters Measured at each Site (Ref: CARB Website) 

Site Number of Gaseous & PM Parameters 

Measured (not counting Met) 

Sacto- Del Paso Manor 14 

Roseville- N. Sunrise 6 

Elk Grove- Bruceville 5 

Folsom- Natoma 5 

North Highlands – 

Blackfoot 

4 

Sacto- Goldenland 6 

Sacto- T Street 5 

Woodland- Gibson 4 

Sacto H.D.- Stockton Blvd. 3 

Davis- UCD 3 

Auburn- County Center 2 

Cool- Hwy 193 1 

Echo Summit 1 

Placerville- Gold Nugget 1 

South Lake Tahoe- Airport 1 

South Lake Tahoe- Sandy 1 

Colfax- City Hall 1 

Sacto- Branch Center #2 1 

Sacto- El Camino/Watt 1 

Sloughhouse 1 

W. Sacto- 15th Street 1 

 
73

b) Trends Impact: 

Length of data base may be useful for long term trend analysis. 

Table 53: Length of O3 Data Base (Ref: CARB website) 

O3 Monitoring Sites- Sacramento MSA 

Site Length of Record # Years of O3 data 

Auburn- formerly 

DeWitt Center, 

now know as 

County Center 

1975-present 35 

Sacto- Del Paso 

Manor 

1979-present 31 

North Highlands 1979-present 31 

Davis- UCD 1988-present 22 

Sacto- T Street 1989-present 21 

Colfax- City Hall 1989, 1992-present 19 

Elk GroveBruceville 1992-present 18 

Placerville- Gold 

Nugget 

1992-present 18 

Roseville- N. 

Sunrise 

1993-present 17 

Cool 1996-present 14 

Folsom- Natoma 1996-present 14 

Sloughhouse 1996-present 14 

South Lake 

Tahoe- Sandy 

Way 

1992-2004 (03), 

only BAM since 

2004 

13 

Woodland- Gibson 1998-present 12 

Sacto- Goldenland 2008-present 2 

Table 54: Length of PM2.5 FRM Data Base (Ref: CARB website) 

PM2.5 FRM Monitoring Sites- Sacramento MSA 

Site Length of Record # Years of PM2.5 FRM 

Data 

Roseville- N. 

Sunrise 

1998-present 12 

Sacto- T Street 1998-present 12 

Sacto- Del Paso 

Manor 

1999-present 11 

Sacto H.D.- 

Stockton Blvd. 

1999-present 11 

Woodland- Gibson 1999-present 11 
74

c) Measured Concentration (Design Value) 

This metric ranks sites by the magnitude of design value, which is used to 

determine whether a site meets or exceeds the NAAQS. 

Table 55: 8 hour Ozone Design Values (D.V.)(ppb)(Ref: CARB website) 

Sacramento Federal O3 Nonattainment Area- O3 monitoring sites 

Year 2005 2006 2007 3 yr Average 

of D.V. 

Folsom 97 97 98 97 

Cool 97 95 96 96 

Colfax 91 97 94 94 

Placerville 94 94 93 94 

Sloughhouse 94 96 93 94 

Auburn 92 93 89 91 

Sac- Del 

Paso Manor 92 90 90 91 

Roseville 86 89 89 88 

Elk GroveBruceville 82 82 83 82 

North 

Highlands 80 82 80 81 

Woodland 77 79 80 79 

Sac- T St 73 76 78 76 

Davis 73 74 75 74 

Sac-Airport 

Rd 73 73 76 74 

Echo 

Summit 72 72 73 72 

8 hr D.V. 97 97 98 

D.V. site(s) Cool, 

Folsom

Colfax, 

Folsom Folsom 

Federal 8 hour O3 standard is 84 ppb 

Pleasant Grove and Rocklin sites closed after 2002 

NA: insufficient data available 

 
75

Table 56: 8 hour mean CO Design Value (D.V.)(ppm)(Ref: CARB website) 

Sacramento County CO monitoring sites 

Site 2008 2008 2009 2009 

 1st high 2nd high 1st high 2nd high D.V. 

North 

Highlands 

1.90 

ppm 

1.80 

ppm 

1.66 

ppm 

1.59 

ppm 

1.80 

ppm 

Del Paso 

Manor 

2.49 

ppm 

2.10 

ppm 

2.77 

ppm 

2.19 

ppm 

2.49 

ppm 

El 

Camino/Watt 

2.84 

ppm 

2.60 

ppm 

2.84 

ppm 

2.84 

ppm 

2.84 

ppm 

Goldenland 1.19 

ppm 

1.16 

ppm 

1.94 

ppm 

1.90 

ppm 

1.90 

ppm 

 

 D.V. = 2nd highest 8 hour CO mean over latest 2 years (non-overlapping) 

 CO NAAQS (8 hour mean) = 9 ppm 

Table 57: Hourly NO2 Design Value (D.V.)(ppm) 

Sacramento County NO2 monitoring sites 

2007-2009 4th highest daily max hourly NO2 data (Ref: CARB website) 

Site 2007 2008 2009 D.V. 

Bruceville 0.041 ppm 0.039 ppm 0.036 ppm 0.038 ppm 

Folsom 0.040 ppm 0.036 ppm 0.031 ppm 0.035 ppm 

North 

Highlands 

0.114 ppm 0.085 ppm 0.046 ppm 0.090 ppm 

Del Paso 

Manor 

0.048 ppm 0.050 ppm 0.046 ppm 0.048 ppm 

Goldenland - 0.042 ppm 0.053 ppm 0.047 ppm 

T Street 0.059 ppm 0.060 ppm 0.058 ppm 0.059 ppm 

Airport Rd. 0.055 ppm 0.050 ppm - 0.052 ppm 

 D.V. = Average of 4th highest daily max hourly NO2 over latest 3 years 

 NO2 NAAQS (1 hour) = 0.100 ppm 

Table 58: Annual SO2 Design Value (D.V.)(ppb) 

Sacramento County SO2 monitoring sites 

2007-2008 Annual Average SO2 data (Ref: TEDM software program) 

Site 2008 2009 D.V. 

North Highlands 0.5 ppb 0.4 ppb 0.5 ppb 

Del Paso Manor 0.5 ppb 0.4 ppb 0.5 ppb 

 D.V. = highest annual average over latest 2 years 

 SO2 NAAQS = (Annual Arithmetic Mean) = 0.030 ppm or 30 ppb 
76

Table 59: PM2.5 FRM 24 hour 98th Percentile (ug/m3)(Ref: EPA AQS Database) 

Sacramento County- PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

Site 2006 2007 2008 2006-2008 

Design 

Value 

Sac.- Del 

Paso 

Manor 

58 60 54.9 57.6 

Sac. H.D.- 

Stockton 

Blvd. 

39 47 47.6 44.5 

Sac.- T St 39 43 46.4 42.8 

Highest 24 

hr average 

98th

Percentile 

58 60 54.9 57.6 

Peak site Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

Del Paso 

Manor 

d) Site to Site Correlations 

This analysis seeks to identify site pairs that feature high correlations and have 

low average relative differences. These sites may be redundant sites. 

Conversely, sites that do not correlate well to each other may be unique and 

could be of value for data analysis. "The correlation may indicate whether a pair 

of sites is related, but it does not indicate if one site consistently measures 

pollutant concentrations at levels substantially higher or lower than the other." 

"The average relative difference between the two sites is an indicator of the 

overall measurement similarity between the two sites. Site pairs with a lower 

average relative difference are more similar to each other than pairs with a larger 

difference. Both the correlation and the relative difference between sites are 

influenced by the distance by which site pairs are separated. Usually, sites with 

a larger distance between them will generally be more poorly correlated and 

have larger differences in the corresponding pollutant concentrations. " 

 
77

Table 60: Correlation between Sacramento County O3 monitors 

2006-2008 O3 data 

Ref: EPA- Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site 1 Site 2 Avg. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Median 

Rel. 

Diff. 

S.D. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Max. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

# Obs. Corr. 

(r2

) 

Dist. 

(km) 

DPM BRU 0.101 0.073 0.098 0.562 454 0.734 35 

T St. BRU 0.099 0.076 0.088 0.726 457 0.796 29 

FOL BRU 0.188 0.152 0.158 1.03 458 0.650 48 

SLU BRU 0.105 0.089 0.092 0.832 457 0.833 28 

 

BRU DPM 0.101 0.073 0.098 0.562 454 0.734 35 

T St. DPM 0.123 0.112 0.095 0.730 452 0.848 12 

FOL DPM 0.132 0.116 0.102 0.662 453 0.855 19 

SLU DPM 0.074 0.052 0.085 0.851 452 0.836 19 

 

BRU T St. 0.099 0.076 0.088 0.726 457 0.796 29 

DPM T St. 0.123 0.112 0.095 0.730 452 0.848 12 

FOL T St. 0.243 0.209 0.150 1.10 456 0.770 32 

SLU T St. 0.158 0.128 0.111 0.840 455 0.825 25 

 

BRU FOL 0.188 0.152 0.158 1.03 458 0.650 48 

DPM FOL 0.132 0.116 0.102 0.662 453 0.855 19 

T St. FOL 0.243 0.209 0.150 1.10 456 0.770 32 

SLU FOL 0.107 0.081 0.102 0.908 456 0.824 21 

 

BRU SLU 0.105 0.089 0.092 0.832 457 0.833 28 

DPM SLU 0.074 0.052 0.085 0.851 452 0.836 19 

T St. SLU 0.158 0.128 0.111 0.840 455 0.825 25 

FOL SLU 0.107 0.081 0.102 0.908 456 0.824 21 

The site pair, with a low correlation (0.650) and high average relative difference 

(0.188), was Folsom and Bruceville. Thus, these sites may be unique and could 

be of value for data analysis. Folsom is a PAMS- Type III (downwind O3) site 

and Bruceville is a PAMS- Type I (background concentration) site. 
The 

withi

maxi

years

betw

coeff

(060

Valle

(060

Elk G

Sacr

Slou

Woo

Som

and 

Folso

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n the Sacra

imum 8-hou

s. The colo

ween site pa

ficient (r

2

). 

170020), P

ey- Litton (0

570007), C

Grove- Bruc

ramento- T 

ghhouse (0

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e of the O3

Roseville, T

om and Ro

own above,

amento MS

ur O3 conce

or within ea

airs. The sh

The sites s

Placerville (0

060570005)

Colfax (0606

ceville (060

Street (060

060675003)

131003), a

3 monitoring

T Street and

seville, Fols

, is a correl

SA, based u

entrations f

ach ellipse r

hape of eac

shown are a

060170010

), Truckee (

610004), Ro

670011), S

00670010),

), Yuba City

nd Davis (0

g site pairs 

d Elk Grove

som and D

78

ation matrix

upon 2006-2

from May th

represents 

h ellipse re

as follows, 

0), South La

(060571001

oseville (06

Sacramento

Folsom- N

y (0610100

061130004

with high c

e- Brucevill

el Paso Ma

x for the O3

2008 data. 

hrough Sep

the averag

epresents th

from top to

ake Tahoe (

1), White C

60610006),

o- Del Paso

Natoma (060

003), Sutter

). 

correlation w

e, T Street 

anor, Sloug

3 monitorin

This tool u

ptember du

e relative d

he correlatio

o bottom: Co

(060170013

Cloud Moun

Auburn (06

o Manor (06

0670012), 

r Buttes (06

were: Del P

and Del Pa

ghhouse an

g sites 

sed 

ring those 

difference 

on 

ool 

3), Grass 

tain 

60610002)

60670006), 

61010004), 

Paso Manor

aso Manor,

d 

, 

r
79

Bruceville, Sloughhouse and Del Paso Manor, Sloughhouse and T Street, 

Sloughhouse and Folsom, etc. 

Table 61: Correlation between Sacramento County PM2.5 FRM monitors 

 2006-2008 PM2.5 FRM data 

Ref: EPA- Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site 1 Site 2 Avg. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Medium 

Rel. 

Diff. 

S.D. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Max. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

# Obs Corr. 

(r2

) 

Dist. 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

DPM 0.185 0.082 0.296 2.22 346 0.921 10 
The 

sites

daily

the e

repre

are: 

Sacr

pair t

graphic sho

, within the

y maximum 

ellipse repre

esents the c

Truckee (0

ramento- St

that are hig

own above,

 Sacramen

concentrat

esents the a

correlation 

60571001)

tockton Blv

ghly correla

, is the corr

nto MSA, ba

tions from J

average rel

coefficient 

, Sacramen

d. (060674

ted, are De

80

relation mat

ased upon 2

January thro

lative differe

(r

2

). The s

nto- Del Pa

001), and Y

el Paso Man

trix for PM2

2006-2008 

ough Dece

rence. The 

ites, as liste

so Manor (

Yuba City (0

nor and Sto

2.5 FRM mo

data. This

mber. The 

shape of th

ed from top

(060670006

061010003

ockton Blvd

onitoring 

s tool used 

color within

he ellipse 

p to bottom

6), 

3). The site

d. 

n

, 

e
81

Table 62: Correlation between Sacramento County PM2.5 Continuous monitors 

2008 PM2.5 BAM data 

Ref: EPA- Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site 1 Site 2 Avg. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Medium 

Rel. 

Diff. 

S.D. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Max. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

# Obs Corr 

(r2

) 

Dist. 

BRU T St. 0.304 0.305 0.174 0.826 334 0.889 29 

NAT T St. 0.346 0.197 0.498 4.79 331 0.733 32 

DPM T St. 0.372 0.349 0.219 1.91 330 0.912 12 

 

T St. BRU 0.304 0.305 0.174 0.826 334 0.889 29 

NAT BRU 0.375 0.305 0.395 4.56 348 0.776 48 

DPM BRU 0.193 0.108 0.241 1.93 350 0.849 35 

 

T St. NAT 0.346 0.197 0.498 4.79 331 0.733 32 

BRU NAT 0.375 0.305 0.395 4.56 348 0.776 48 

DPM NAT 0.424 0.356 0.352 3.10 344 0.795 19 

 

T St. DPM 0.372 0.349 0.219 1.91 330 0.912 12 

BRU DPM 0.193 0.108 0.241 1.93 350 0.849 35 

NAT DPM 0.424 0.356 0.352 3.10 344 0.795 19 

The Folsom PM2.5 BAM has a relatively low correlation to other sites and has a 

relatively high average relative difference compared to other sites. Thus, the 

Folsom PM2.5 BAM dataset is very different, compared to the data from the 

other PM2.5 BAM's. 
The 

moni

used

the e

repre

are: 

City 

graphic sho

itors, within

d daily max 

ellipse repre

esents the c

Sacrament

(06101000

own above,

n the Sacra

concentrat

esents the a

correlation 

to- T Street 

30), and Da

, is the corr

mento MSA

tions for Jan

average rel

coefficient 

(06067001

avis (06113

82

relation mat

A, based up

nuary throu

lative differe

(r

2

). The s

10), Folsom

30004). 

trix for cont

pon 2006-2

ugh Decem

rence. The 

ites, as sho

m- Natoma (

tinuous PM

2008 data. 

ber. The c

shape of th

own from to

(960670012

M2.5 

This tool 

color within 

he ellipse 

op to bottom

2), Yuba 
83

Table 63: Correlation between Sacramento County PM-10 SSI monitors 

 2008 PM-10 SSI data 

Ref: EPA- Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site 1 Site 2 Avg. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Medium 

Rel. 

Diff. 

S.D. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

Max. 

Rel. 

Diff. 

# Obs Corr 

(r2

) 

Dist. 

(km) 

T St. DPM 0.175 0.110 0.181 0.843 54 0.781 12 

BC #2 DPM 0.407 0.283 0.414 2.03 59 0.430 7 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

DPM 0.153 0.107 0.136 0.503 61 0.830 10 

 

DPM T St. 0.175 0.110 0.181 0.843 54 0.781 12 

BC #2 T St. 0.384 0.287 0.347 1.53 52 0.556 13 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

T St. 0.141 0.0993 0.128 0.623 54 0.874 3 

 

DPM BC #2 0.407 0.283 0.414 2.03 59 0.430 7 

T St. BC #2 0.384 0.287 0.347 1.53 52 0.556 13 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

BC #2 0.332 0.212 0.375 1.57 59 0.613 10 

 

DPM Sck. 

Blvd. 

0.152 0.107 0.136 0.503 61 0.830 10 

T St. Sck. 

Blvd. 

0.141 0.0993 0.128 0.623 54 0.874 3 

BC #2 Sck. 

Blvd. 

0.332 0.212 0.375 1.57 59 0.613 10 

The highest correlation (0.874) and lowest average relative difference (0.141), for 

a site pair that are geographically close to each other (distance= 3 km), is for the 

T Street and Stockton Blvd. PM-10 SSI site pair. Thus, from the viewpoint of this 

statistical tool, the Stockton Blvd. PM-10 SSI monitor may be a redundant 

monitor. 
The 

withi

maxi

repre

corre

Taho

Mano

Stoc

The 

Stoc

durin

redu

graphic sho

n the Sacra

imum conce

esents aver

elation coef

oe (060170

or (060670

kton Blvd. (

PM-10 SSI

kton Blvd a

ng 2008. T

ndant PM-1

own above,

amento MS

entrations f

rage relativ

fficient (r

2

). 

011), North

006), Sacra

(060674001

 site pair w

and Airport 

hus, the Sto

10 monitors

, is the corr

SA, based u

for January

e difference

 The sites a

h Highlands

amento- Air

1). 

with a low av

Road. Airp

ockton Blvd

s. 

84

relation mat

upon 2005-2

y through De

e. The sha

are listed fr

s (06067000

rport Road 

verage rela

port Road s

d. and Gold

trix for PM2007 data.

ecember. T

ape of the e

rom top to b

02), Sacram

(06067001

tive differen

site was rep

denland PM

-10 SSI mo

 This tool u

The color o

ellipse repre

bottom: Sou

mento- Del 

13), and Sa

nce and hig

placed by G

M-10 SSI ma

nitors, 

used daily 

of the ellipse

esents the 

uth Lake 

Paso 

cramentogh r

2 is 

Goldenland,

ay be 

e
Ta

Site 

DPM

The 

moni

data

Dece

The 

top to

Mano

pair, 

relati

moni

ble 64: Co

R

1 Site 2 

M Sck. 

Blvd. 

graphic sho

itors (TEOM

. This tool 

ember. The

shape of th

o bottom, a

or (060670

Stockton B

ive differen

itor. 

orrelation be

monit

Ref: EPA- N

Avg. Rel. 

Diff. 

0.171 

own above,

M or BAM), 

used daily 

e color with

he ellipse re

are: South L

006), and S

Blvd and De

ce. Thus, S

etween Sac

ors, 2006-2

Network As

Medium 

Rel. Diff. 

0.109 

, is the corr

within the 

maximum c

hin each elli

epresents c

Lake Tahoe

Sacramento

el Paso Ma

Stockton B

85

cramento C

2008 PM-10

ssessment 

S.D. Rel. 

Diff. 

0.192 

relation mat

Sacrament

concentrati

pse repres

correlation c

e (0601700

o- Stockton

nor, have h

lvd. PM-10

County cont

0 TEOM da

Analysis an

Max. Rel. 

Diff. 

1.43 

trix, for con

to MSA, ba

ons for Jan

sents averag

coefficient (

11), Sacram

n Blvd. (060

high correla

 TEOM ma

inuous PMata 

nd Tools 

#Obs C

181 0

ntinuous PM

sed upon 2

nuary throug

ge relative 

(r2). The sit

mento- Del 

0674001). T

ation and low

ay be a redu

-10 TEOM 

Corr. 

(r2

) 

Dist

(km)

0.82 10

M-10 

2006-2008 

gh 

difference.

tes, from 

Paso 

The site 

w average 

undant 

. 

)

 
86

e) Area, Population, and Population Density Served 

This metric looks at the area (spatial coverage) that is represented by the data 

collected from each monitor. This metric looks at the population density that is 

represented by the data collected from each monitor. The tool uses census tract 

population and density data. 

Table 65: Area, Population, and Population Density represented by Sacramento 

County O3 monitors (2008 population estimates) 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Year Total Pop. Total Area Pop. 

Density 

D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

FOL 2008 173,419 177.3 978.3 0.098 0.102 

SLU 2008 45,237 364.4 124.1 0.093 0.095 

DPM 2008 326,958 68.3 4,789.3 0.09 0.087 

NH 2008 192,451 299.5 642.5 0.08 0.076 

BRU 2008 122,984 547.6 224.6 0.083 0.082 

T St. 2008 486,749 102.8 4,737.1 0.078 0.079 

GOL 2008 51,012 78.7 647.8 NA1 NA1

1

Only 2 years of data available due to station relocation. 

Table 66: Area, Population, and Population Density represented by Sacramento 

County PM2.5 FRM monitors (2008 population estimates) 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Year Total Pop. Total Area Pop. 

Density 

D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

DPM 2008 477,677 366.8 1302.1 12.3 12.9 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

2008 454,851 343.5 1324.1 10.7 11.3 

Table 67: Area, Population, and Population Density represented by Sacramento 

County PM2.5 BAM monitors (2008 population estimates) 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Year Total Pop. Total Area Pop. 

Density 

D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

FOL 2008 250,628 928.1 270.1 31 42 

DPM 2008 463,594 111.1 4,172.1 NA1 NA1

BRU 2008 372,489 840.2 443.3 NA2 NA2

T St. 2008 541,157 123.0 4,399.5 44 47 

1

Incomplete data 2nd and 3rd Quarters 2007 

2

Incomplete data in 3rd Quarter 2007 

 
87

f) Removal Bias 

This analysis was "meant to aid in determining redundant sites and act as a 

means of validating a network after sites have been chosen for removal." 

This analysis uses the nearest neighboring sites to a monitor to estimate the 

concentration at the location of the monitor, if the site had never existed. A 

positive average bias would mean that if a monitor was removed, the neighboring 

sites would indicate that the estimated concentration would be larger than the 

measured concentrations. A negative average bias would indicate that the 

estimated concentration would be smaller than the actual measured 

concentration. The average bias was compared using a student's t-distribution to 

determine whether or not it was statistically different from zero at a 95% 

probability. 

Table 68: Removal Bias for Sacramento County O3 monitoring sites 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Mean Bias # Obs. Sig Yr D.V. 2005-2007 D.V. 2006-2008 

NH 0.006 152 Sig 2007 0.08 0.076 

NH -0.003 150 Sig 2006 0.08 0.076 

NH 0.006 135 Sig 2005 0.08 NA 

 

DPM -0.003 151 Sig 2007 0.09 0.087 

DPM 0 142 Insig 2008 NA 0.087 

DPM -0.006 143 Sig 2005 0.09 NA 

DPM -0.002 145 Sig 2006 0.09 0.087 

 

T St. 0.002 148 Sig 2006 0.078 0.079 

T St. 0.007 152 Sig 2005 0.078 NA 

T St. 0.003 147 Sig 2008 NA 0.079 

T St. 0.004 149 Sig 2007 0.078 0.079 

 

BRU -0.003 152 Sig 2007 0.083 0.082 

BRU -0.004 151 Sig 2006 0.083 0.082 

BRU 0.001 152 Sig 2008 NA 0.082 

BRU -0.006 150 Sig 2005 0.083 NA 

 

FOL -0.004 148 Sig 2005 0.098 NA 

FOL -0.004 149 Sig 2006 0.098 0.102 

FOL -0.005 147 Sig 2007 0.098 0.102 

FOL -0.009 152 Sig 2008 NA 0.102 

 

AIR -0.002 116 Sig 2007 0.076 0.078 

AIR 0.004 125 Sig 2006 0.076 0.078 

SLU -0.001 152 Insig 2008 NA 0.095 

SLU -0.002 150 Sig 2005 0.093 NA 

SLU 0 148 Insig 2007 0.093 0.095 

SLU -0.003 153 Sig 2006 0.093 0.095 
88

Table 69: Removal Bias for Sacramento County PM2.5 FRM monitoring sites 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Mean Bias # Obs. Sig Yr D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

DPM -2.6 120 Sig 2006 12.3 12.9 

DPM -1.3 119 Sig 2008 NA 12.9 

DPM -1.2 119 Sig 2005 12.3 NA 

DPM -1.2 119 Sig 2007 12.3 12.9 

 

T St. -0.9 111 Sig 2005 11.7 NA 

T St. -0.4 105 Insig 2007 11.7 11.8 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

0.6 118 Sig 2007 10.7 11.3 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

1.1 114 Sig 2005 10.7 NA 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

2 114 Sig 2006 10.7 11.3 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

1.2 117 Sig 2008 NA 11.3 

Table 70: Removal Bias for Sacramento County PM2.5 BAM monitoring sites 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Mean Bias # Obs. Sig Yr D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

DPM -5.6 355 Sig 2008 NA NA 

DPM 8.4 328 Sig 2006 NA NA 

DPM 11.7 348 Sig 2005 NA NA 

 

T St. 4.6 347 Sig 2006 44 47 

T St. 2.6 340 Sig 2008 NA 47 

T St. -4.5 347 Sig 2007 44 47 

T St. 5.3 357 Sig 2005 44 NA 

 

BRU -3.4 358 Sig 2008 NA NA 

BRU 0.8 338 Insig 2005 NA NA 

BRU -4.8 345 Sig 2007 NA NA 

 

FOL 5.5 345 Sig 2006 31 42 

FOL 2.1 360 Sig 2007 31 42 

FOL 2 352 Sig 2008 NA 42 

FOL 7.4 340 Sig 2005 31 NA 
89

Table 71: Removal Bias for Sacramento County PM-10 SSI monitoring sites 

Ref: EPA Network Assessment Analysis and Tools 

Site Mean Bias # Obs. Sig Yr D.V. May 07 D.V. Jun 08 

NH -4.5 59 Sig 2005 108.2 NA 

NH -0.3 56 Insig 2007 108.2 NA 

NH -0.8 60 Insig 2006 108.2 NA 

 

DPM -1 61 Insig 2006 NA NA 

DPM 3.1 60 Sig 2007 NA NA 

DPM 2.1 61 Sig 2005 NA NA 

DPM 3.8 61 Sig 2008 NA NA 

 

T St. 0.9 53 Insig 2007 109 109 

T St. 3.4 60 Sig 2005 109 NA 

T St. 1.9 54 Sig 2008 NA 109 

 

Air -1.5 57 Insig 2007 NA NA 

Air -2.8 58 Sig 2006 NA NA 

Air -6.9 60 Sig 2005 NA NA 

 

BC -2.1 60 Sig 2005 NA NA 

BC #2 -6.1 56 Sig 2007 NA NA 

BC #2 -7.9 59 Sig 2008 NA NA 

 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

2.3 61 Sig 2006 NA NA 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

-1.7 61 Sig 2005 NA NA 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

0.4 59 Insig 2007 NA NA 

Sck. 

Blvd. 

-0.7 61 Insig 2008 NA NA 

Note: Branch Center was relocated to a new nearby location, during 2006. 

g) Deviation from NAAQS 

This metric ranks each site by the amount it deviates from the NAAQS. Sites 

that are greater than the NAAQS rank higher than sites which are below the 

NAAQS. 

 
90

Table 73: Design Value 8 hour O3 (Year = 2009)(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Design Value 

8 hr (ppb) 

Deviation from 8 hr 

NAAQS (75 ppb) 

Folsom 100 25 

Sloughhouse 91 16 

Del Paso Manor 86 11 

Bruceville 79 4 

Goldenland 77 2 

T Street 77 2 

North Highlands 74 -1 

* 4th highest value for 2009. Only 2 years of ozone data exist for Goldenland. 

Table 74: Annual Maximum 8 hour mean CO (Year = 2009)(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Annual Max 8 hr mean 

(ppm) 

Deviation from 8 hr 

mean NAAQS (9 ppm) 

El Camino/Watt 2.84 -6.16 

Del Paso Manor 2.77 -6.23 

Goldenland 1.94 -7.06 

North Highlands 1.66 -7.34 

Table 75: Annual Average NO2 (Year = 2008)(Ref: EPA AirData website) 

Site Annual Average 

(ppm) 

Deviation from Annual 

Average NAAQS (0.053 ppm) 

T Street 0.014 -0.039 

Airport Road 0.013 -0.04 

Del Paso Manor 0.011 -0.042 

North Highlands 0.01 -0.043 

Bruceville 0.008 -0.045 

Folsom 0.007 -0.046 

Table 76: Annual Maximum 1 hour NO2 (Year = 2008)(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Annual Max 1 hr 

(ppb) 

Deviation from 1 hr 

NAAQS 

(100 ppb – 98th

percentile) 

North Highlands 115 15 

T Street 65 -35 

Del Paso Manor 58 -42 

Bruceville 50 -50 

Goldenland 46 -54 

Folsom 42 -58 
91

Table 77: Annual Maximum 24 hour SO2 (Year = 2009)(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Annual Max 24 hr Deviation from 24 hr NAAQS 

(0.14 ppm) 

North Highlands 0.002 ppm -0.138 ppm 

Del Paso Manor 0.002 ppm -0.138 ppm 

Table 79: Annual Maximum 24 hour PM-10 TEOM (Year = 2008) 

(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Annual Max 24 hr Deviation from 24 hr 

NAAQS (150 ug./m3) 

Del Paso Manor 110 ug/m3 -40 ug/m3 

Stockton Blvd. 92 ug/m3 -58 ug/m3 

Table 80: 24 hour PM2.5 FRM (Year = 2009) 

(Ref: CARB website) 

Site 98th percentile 24 hr Deviation from 

24 hr NAAQS 

(35 ug/m3) 

Del Paso Manor 39 4 

Stockton Blvd. 35 0 

T Street 27 -8 

Table 81: Annual Maximum 24 hour continuous PM2.5 BAM (Year = 2009) 

(Ref: CARB website) 

Site Annual Max 24 hr 

(ug/m3) 

Deviation from 

35 ug/m3 

Del Paso Manor 72 37 

T Street 50 15 

Bruceville 41 6 

Folsom 31 -4 

 
92

2.7 Other Issues (Current/New Technologies, Asthma, Environmental 

Justice, and Ozone Transport) 

a) Current/New Technologies: 

Currently, SMAQMD operates several non-FEM PM2.5 BAM's and e-BAM's. 

SMAQMD is satisfied with the current FRM/FEM 

(O3/CO/NO2/SO2/PM10/PM2.5) monitoring technologies used in its network, 

except for the SPM PM2.5 E-BAM's used for special studies. The E-BAM's have 

not been very reliable. We may, at some future date, if funding was available, 

consider replacing the E-BAM's with FEM BAM's. 

 

PAMS instrumentation for Total NMHC were replaced, within the last two years. 

PAMS VOC canister sampling equipment is about 16 years old, but the sampling 

season is only 3 months per year. Thus, actual equipment age is about 4 years 

old, when you take into account the three month sampling season. Thus, we 

think that we can operate that instrumentation for about another 10-15 years. 

Field gas calibrators, zero air generators, and new gas standards will be capable 

of trace gas level dilutions, needed for NCore. 

During spring 2010, we transitioned from an analog to a digital data acquisition 

system, both in the field and in the office. 

Meteorological calibration devices, for wind speed/temperature/rh, have NIST 

traceability. 

Sampling manifolds met Appendix E, 40 CFR 58 criteria for residence time, 

probe materials, and probe/monitor inlet height. 

CARB "thru the probe" performance auditing equipment are compatible with 

trace level specifications. CARB meteorological auditing equipment and flow 

standards are independent standards. 

EPA is working on developing a method for the measurement of ammonia (NH3) 

and nitric acid (HNO3), for future possible use, at NCore sites. 

 

EPA is working on developing a method for PM10-2.5 speciation, for use at 

NCore sites, as per 40 CFR 58. 

For O3, CO, SO2, Total NMHC, PM-10 SSI, PM-10 TEOM, PM2.5 FRM, PM2.5 

BAM, gas calibrator, and met. sensors, the same make and model are used. 

For NO2, the same make is used, but we have the different models (Model 42 vs 

Model 42C vs.Model 42i). For zero air generators, we have two different makes. 
93

For trace level, we have two different makes: API for CO and SO2, but TECO for 

NOy. 

Envidas Digital Data Loggers are used at all SMAQMD gaseous monitoring sites. 

The leveraged monitoring programs in our network include: SLAMS-NCore, CSN, 

and PAMS. 

 

b) Asthma 

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the lining of the lung 

passages and is one of the most common respiratory diseases, especially 

among children. Ozone and particulate matter pollution have been linked to 

triggering and aggravating asthma symptoms. 

Ozone and PM2.5 monitoring data are used for air quality forecasts that are 

disseminated to the general public, on a daily basis through the summertime 

Spare the Air and wintertime Check Before You Burn programs. These air 

quality forecasts may be used by asthmatic's, schools, and sport programs, so 

that affected children may modify their daily schedule, in order, to avoid elevated 

levels of O3 or PM2.5 

The data below suggest that asthma rates in the Sacramento area have not 

changed significantly in the last 10 years. 

 

2105

2226

2373

2047

2114

2209

2009

2130

2233

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Hospitalizations due to Asthma

Year

Asthma Hospitalizations in the

Sacramento Region (2001 ‐ 2009)

Source: www.ehib.org
94

c) Environmental Justice: 

Environmental Justice is a factor to consider in monitoring network design. The 

objective behind environmental justice is to reduce emissions/improve air quality 

in areas with economically disadvantaged and/or minority population areas that 

have poor air quality. 

 
95

 g) Transport of O3 and O3 Precursors: 

Transport of O3 and O3 precursors from the San Francisco Bay Area is an issue 

to consider for design of any future monitoring network. The current Bruceville 

site is the upwind PAMS O3 monitoring site. It lies south of Sacramento. It is 

ideally placed to pick up transport from areas south and southeast of 

Sacramento, however the city of Elk Grove is growing closer to the Bruceville 

monitoring station. It can observe some air masses that come though the Delta. 

However, a site further west would be a better location to observe possible O3 

transport from the San Francisco Bay Area. 

Upper level O3 and wind data are collected, by CARB/PTSD, on the Walnut 

Grove TV tower, located a few miles southwest of our Bruceville site. This tall 

tower data is useful for transport analysis and agricultural burn forecasts. 

However, state air monitoring funding for the Walnut Grove TV tower has been 

interrupted a few times, as a result of state budget issues. 

. 

 
96

3.0 Conclusions and Recommendations for the Local Monitoring 

Network 

3.1 Monitors that will be added to the SMAQMD air monitoring network: 

SMAQMD is now working to get the following trace level monitors up and 

operating, no later than January 1, 2011: trace level CO/NOY/SO2 at Del Paso 

Manor, and trace level NOY at Folsom. 

SMAQMD plans to identify the locations for two near-roadway NO2 sites in the 

2010 Annual Network Plan due to EPA by July 7, 2011. SMAQMD plans to 

install and operate these two near-roadway NO2 monitoring sites, no later than 

January 1, 2013. 

SMAQMD plans to install and operate the non-source orientated Pb sampler and 

the PM10-2.5 FRM, at our NCore site, Sacramento- Del Paso Manor, no later 

than January 1, 2012. 

a) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- Trace level CO 

b) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- Trace level NOY 

c) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- Trace level SO2 

d) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- Low volume PM10 FRM (for PM10-2.5 mass) 

e) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- PM10-2.5 Speciation (when approved EPA 

monitoring method is available for field use) 

f) Sacramento- Del Paso Manor- Low volume Pb-PM10 

g) Sacramento- Interstate 50- Near roadway NO2 site* 

h) Sacramento- Interstate 80- Near roadway NO2 site* 

* Includes meteorological sensors. 

3.2 Staff recommends that the following monitors should be added to the 

SMAQMD Monitoring Network: 

Met One 1020 BAM's to replace PM2.5 E-BAM's used at SLU/RS, for seasonal 

SPM study, if funding was available. 

 
97

Bibliography 

2006 PM2.5 Standard: Evaluating the Nine Factors in Setting Nonattainment 

Area Boundaries for the Sacramento Region, SMAQMD/PCD/Planning Section, 

Staff Report, November 19, 2007. 

40 CFR 58, Federal Register, Ambient Air Monitoring Regulations, October 17, 

2006. 

Ambient Air Monitoring Network Assessment Guidance, EPA-454/D-07-001, US 

EPA/OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC, February 2007. 

Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy for State, Local, and Tribal Agencies, US 

EPA/OAQPS, Research Triangle Park, NC, December 2008 

Annual Monitoring Network Report for Small Districts in California, Volume I, 

California Air Resources Board/PTSD, Sacramento, CA., June 2009, 

(http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/amnr/smnetrpt.doc). 

An Introduction to Monitoring Network Assessment, A PowerPoint presentation 

developed by Kevin A. Cavender, US EPA/OAQPS/AQAD, and given by Lewis 

Weinstock, US EPA/OAQPS/AQAD, at the 2007 National Air Quality Conference, 

February 13, 2007, Orlando, FL. 

California Air Resources Board/PTSD Website (Area Designations, AQ Data, AQ 

Standards, Criteria Pollutants Emissions Inventory, and Toxics Emission 

Inventory (AB2588, 2006 data for CAS# 7439921). 

California Air Resources Board/PTSD/Air Quality Data Review Section (starting 

dates for local air monitoring sites, prior to 1964), August 2009 

California Air Quality Data Summaries (Quarterly and Annual Summaries), 

California Air Resources Board, 1976-1997. 

California Employment Development Department Website (Labor Market 

Information listed by MSA). 

California Surface Wind Climatology, California Air Resources Board/Aerometric 

Data Division/Meteorology Section, Sacramento, CA., June 1984. 

Climate of Sacramento, CA, NOAA Technical Memo, NWS WR-272, June 2005. 

Designing a Network Assessment for an Ambient Air Monitoring Program, 

Version 1.0- 2010 Assessment, Tim Hanley et al, US EPA/OAQPS, Research 

Triangle Park, NC, February 2010. 
98

EPA Website (Area Designations) 

EPA Region 9 Ambient Air Monitoring Network Assessment: California Air 

Basins, US EPA Region IX/Air Division/Technical Support Office, San Francisco, 

CA, January 2007. 

Lead Emissions from the Use of Leaded Aviation Gasoline in the United States: 

Technical Support Document, US EPA/OTAQ/ASD, EPA420-R-08-020, October 

2008. 

Network Assessment Analysis and Tools, developed by Michael Rizzo, US 

EPA/OAQPS/AQAD/AQAG, January 2010. 

Ozone Patterns on the Western Sierra Slope--Downwind of Sacramento during 

the Summer of 1978, California Air Resources Board/Technical Services Section, 

March 1979. 

Sacramento Bee Newspaper, Article on State Demographics, July 10, 2007, 

Sacramento, CA. 

Sacramento Bee Newspaper, Article on the Economy and State Revenues, May 

1, 2009, Sacramento, CA. 

Sacramento Regional 8-hour Ozone Attainment and Reasonable Further 

Progress Plan, SMAQMD/PCD/Planning Section, Sacramento, CA., December 

2008. 

Spatial and Temporal Carbon Monoxide Concentration Patterns in the 

Sacramento Area, SYSAPP-92/002, System Applications International, San 

Rafael, CA., July 1992. 

State and Local Air Monitoring Network Plan, California Air Resources 

Board/Planning and Technical Services Division/Air Quality Data Review Section, 

Sacramento, CA., June 2009. 

Summary of PM2.5 Speciation Network Assessment, Presented at 2006 National 

Air Quality Conference, Kevin Cavender, EPA/OAQPS/AQAD, November 2006. 

 

Ten-Year Summary of California Air Quality Data: 1963-1972, California Air 

Resources Board/Division of Technical Services/Air Analysis Section, January 

1974. 

US Census Website (Population and ranking of MSA's) 

 
99

Appendix A 

Maps of Monitoring Sites from CARB SLAMS Report 
100
101
102
103
104

Appendix B

Winter/Summer Season PM2.5 FRM Data from Stockton Blvd. and T St.

 
105

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

10/1/03 11 11 11/1/03 14 13 

10/2/03 12 13 11/2/03 7 9 

10/4/03 16 16 11/3/03 14 12 

10/5/03 13 13 11/4/03 24 20 

10/6/03 12 13 11/5/03 16 16 

10/7/03 8 9 11/6/03 39 39 

10/8/03 7 7 11/7/03 32 38 

10/9/03 7 8 11/8/03 20 28 

10/10/03 5 7 11/9/03 10 9 

10/15/03 8 10 11/11/03 17 15 

10/16/03 9 10 11/12/03 25 26 

10/17/03 12 15 11/13/03 34 37 

10/18/03 13 14 11/18/03 19 20 

10/19/03 8 12 11/19/03 31 32 

10/23/03 5 7 11/20/03 24 27 

10/25/03 15 17 11/21/03 30 6 

10/26/03 12 14 11/22/03 7 6 

10/27/03 13 15 11/23/03 32 23 

10/29/03 10 13 11/24/03 49 41 

10/30/03 5 6 11/26/03 23 26 

10/31/03 9 7 11/27/03 36 35 

 11/28/03 29 29 

 11/29/03 13 12 

 11/30/03 23 21 

 
106

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

12/1/03 19 22 1/1/04 13 15 

12/3/03 9 12 1/2/04 14 12 

12/4/03 36 41 1/7/04 30 32 

12/5/03 34 38 1/8/04 21 24 

12/6/03 21 25 1/9/04 15 17 

12/7/03 3 4 1/10/04 8 8 

12/8/03 2 8 1/11/04 18 17 

12/9/03 21 23 1/12/04 20 24 

12/18/03 25 23 1/13/04 20 23 

12/19/03 33 37 1/14/04 21 23 

12/23/03 12 14 1/15/04 17 19 

12/24/03 5 5 1/16/04 30 31 

12/25/03 7 4 1/17/04 30 29 

12/26/03 12 9 1/18/04 38 37 

12/27/03 32 21 1/19/04 34 41 

12/28/03 27 31 

12/29/03 6 7 

12/30/03 4 4 

12/31/03 17 16 

 
107

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

2/7/04 5 19 3/1/04 7 10 

2/8/04 12 8 3/2/04 1 2 

2/9/04 10 9 3/3/04 4 4 

2/10/04 8 8 3/4/04 4 5 

2/11/04 25 23 3/5/04 6 7 

2/12/04 28 30 3/6/04 6 7 

2/14/04 16 15 3/7/04 11 12 

2/20/04 10 19 3/8/04 12 14 

2/21/04 20 11 3/9/04 10 10 

2/22/04 10 5 3/10/04 4 5 

2/24/04 6 8 3/18/04 11 12 

2/25/04 5 7 3/19/04 6 7 

2/26/04 4 5 3/20/04 11 10 

2/27/04 5 6 3/21/04 9 10 

2/28/04 6 5 3/22/04 7 9 

2/29/04 5 7 3/23/04 4 5 

 3/24/04 5 6 

 3/25/04 6 8 

 3/26/04 3 5 

 3/30/04 4 5 

 

10/1/03-3/30/04 PM2.5 FRM data: y = 0.929x + 0.489, correlation coeff.= 0.926 
108

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

10/1/04 7.8 9.5 11/2/04 28 33 

10/2/04 11 12 11/3/04 14 14 

10/3/04 9 11 11/4/04 4.8 4.3 

10/4/04 6.3 7.2 11/5/04 12 12 

10/5/04 8.8 10 11/6/04 24 27 

10/6/04 11 13 11/7/04 37 41 

10/7/04 5.7 7.9 11/8/04 19 21 

10/8/04 3.5 4.2 11/9/04 17 16 

10/9/04 2.7 3.8 11/10/04 20 24 

10/10/04 2.7 3.4 11/11/04 11 14 

10/14/04 17 34 11/12/04 7.6 10 

10/15/04 23 24 11/13/04 14 18 

10/17/04 5.0 6.7 11/14/04 21 25 

10/18/04 4.0 7.7 11/15/04 29 24 

10/19/04 4.4 6.8 11/16/04 20 22 

10/20/04 3.3 4.7 11/17/04 30 35 

10/21/04 5.7 7.4 11/18/04 35 38 

10/22/04 14 16 11/19/04 18 19 

10/23/04 17 18 11/20/04 5.3 5.9 

10/24/04 12 13 11/21/04 4.2 4.8 

10/25/04 5.7 8.1 11/22/04 18 18 

10/26/04 2.7 4.3 11/23/04 34 34 

10/27/04 4.5 4.5 11/24/04 34 36 

10/28/04 12 15 11/25/04 47 46 

10/29/04 21 20 11/26/04 24 27 

11/30/04 18 20 11/27/04 7.3 8.1 

10/31/04 7.6 6.6 11/28/04 2.4 2.1 

 11/29/04 28 23 

 11/30/04 35 30 

 
109

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

12/1/04 36 38 1/1/05 6.3 6.9 

12/2/04 18 19 1/3/05 4.7 4.9 

12/3/04 24 25 1/5/05 14 15 

12/4/04 42 43 1/6/05 20 21 

12/5/04 33 36 1/7/05 4 4.8 

12/6/04 20 21 1/8/05 2.1 2.7 

12/7/04 11 12 1/9/05 8.1 9.3 

12/8/04 2.9 4 1/11/05 3.2 3.3 

12/9/04 10 11 1/19/05 16 19 

12/10/04 7.6 7.6 1/20/05 11 14 

12/11/04 10 11 1/21/05 14 16 

12/12/04 28 33 1/22/05 14 16 

12/13/04 23 25 1/24/05 17 18 

12/14/04 15 11 1/25/05 32 30 

12/15/04 17 21 1/26/05 22 21 

12/16/04 24 29 1/27/05 7.7 9.5 

12/17/04 24 25 1/28/05 5.2 6.9 

12/18/04 26 30 1/29/05 5.9 5.4 

12/19/04 35 35 1/30/05 15 15 

12/24/04 27 1 1/31/05 23 24 

12/25/04 26 36 

12/26/04 17 35 

12/28/04 7.5 8.7 

12/29/04 5.7 6.5 

12/30/04 2.7 3.2 

12/31/04 3.1 3.5 

 
110

Winter PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

2/1/05 12 13 3/2/05 4.5 4.2 

2/2/05 33 38 3/3/05 9.9 11 

2/3/05 40 50 3/4/05 7 6.4 

2/4/05 40 47 3/5/05 11 14 

2/5/05 20 24 3/6/05 13 14 

2/6/05 3 3.8 3/7/05 18 20 

2/7/05 4.9 4 3/9/05 17 21 

2/8/05 9.5 9.1 3/10/05 7.4 9 

2/9/05 11 9.9 3/11/05 10 10 

2/10/05 14 11 3/12/05 12 15 

2/11/05 16 13 3/13/05 6.4 8 

2/12/05 14 17 3/14/05 3.3 4.8 

2/13/05 15 16 3/15/05 6.4 8.8 

2/14/05 14 14 3/16/04 11 13 

2/15/05 14 14 3/17/05 8.5 9.3 

2/16/05 7.3 7.5 3/18/05 13 13 

2/17/05 4.1 4.7 3/19/05 5.3 6.8 

2/18/05 4.4 6.5 3/20/05 4 4.6 

2/19/05 3.2 3.3 3/29/05 4.3 5.4 

2/20/05 3.9 4 3/30/05 3.2 3.3 

2/21/05 2.8 2.7 3/31/05 6.6 8.8 

2/22/05 4 3.7 

2/23/05 5.6 6.5 

2/25/05 15 15 

2/26/05 21 23 

2/27/05 19 21 

2/28/05 6.1 6 

 

10/1/04-3/31/05 PM2.5 FRM data: y = 0.869x +0.713, correlation coeff.= 0.946 
111

Summer 2003 PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

4/3/03 3 4 7/2/03 5 7 

4/6/03 3 4 7/5/03 12 14 

4/9/03 5 6 7/8/03 6 8 

4/12/03 4 4 7/11/03 6 7 

4/24/03 3 4 7/17/03 9 10 

4/27/03 4 4 7/23/03 8 9 

4/30/03 4 4 7/26/03 8 9 

 7/29/03 8 8 

5/3/03 3 6 

5/6/03 5 7 8/1/03 7 7 

5/9/03 3 4 8/4/03 2 3 

5/12/03 7 8 8/7/03 6 5 

5/15/03 7 9 8/10/03 4 5 

5/18/03 5 6 8/13/03 6 8 

5/24/03 5 5 8/16/03 7 9 

5/27/03 7 7 8/19/03 5 6 

5/30/03 4 5 8/22/03 5 6 

 8/25/03 10 10 

6/2/03 13 16 8/28/03 6 9 

6/5/03 8 9 8/31/03 10 12 

6/8/03 5 5 

6/11/03 9 10 9/3/03 10 12 

6/17/03 9 13 9/6/03 5 6 

6/29/03 5 5 9/9/03 4 4 

 9/12/03 7 11 

 9/15/03 9 12 

 9/18/03 8 10 

 9/24/03 9 12 

 9/27/03 11 11 

 9/30/03 12 13 

 

4/3/03-9/30/03 PM2.5 FRM data: y = 0.793x + 0.367, correlation coeff.= 0.940 
112

Summer 2004 PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

4/6/04 5 6 7/2/04 9 9 

4/9/04 9 12 7/5/04 9 10 

4/12/04 6 7 7/8/04 5 6 

4/15/04 3 5 7/11/04 7 8 

4/24/04 8 8 7/14/04 7 8 

4/30/04 7 9 7/17/04 5 6 

 7/20/04 5 5 

5/3/04 9 10 7/23/04 7 7 

5/6/04 4 4 7/26/04 7 9 

5/12/04 3 1 7/29/04 3 4 

5/15/04 7 9 

5/18/04 4 5 8/1/04 6 7 

5/21/04 5 7 8/4/04 5 6 

5/27/04 4 7 8/7/04 4 5 

5/30/04 6 6 8/10/04 9 10 

 8/13/04 6 7 

6/2/04 7 10 8/19/04 6 7 

6/5/04 5 7 8/22/04 4 4 

6/8/04 3 4 8/25/04 5 5 

6/11/04 7 9 8/31/04 6 8 

6/14/04 5 6 

6/17/04 6 8 9/3/04 6 7 

6/20/04 6 8 9/6/04 12 15 

6/23/04 6 8 9/9/04 12 13 

6/26/04 4 5 9/12/04 4 6 

6/29/04 5 8 9/15/04 6 7 

 9/18/04 4 5 

 9/21/04 5 6 

 9/24/04 12 14 

 

4/6/04-9/24/04 PM2.5 FRM data: y = 0.788x + 0.314, correlation coeff.= 0.932 
113

Summer 2005 PM2.5 FRM Data (ug/m3, 24 hr mean, data pair) 

Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street Date Stockton 

Blvd. 

T Street 

4/2/05 6 7 7/3/05 11 15 

4/3/05 5 6 7/6/05 6 7 

4/4/05 5 5 7/9/05 2 3 

4/7/05 2 3 7/12/05 6 7 

4/10/05 4 5 7/15/05 8 9 

4/13/05 3 3 7/18/05 8 10 

4/19/05 3 3 7/21/05 6 8 

4/22/05 9 10 7/24/05 9 12 

4/25/05 5 6 7/27/05 8 9 

4/28/05 3 5 

 8/2/05 5 12 

5/1/05 4 4 8/5/05 10 9 

5/4/05 4 6 8/8/05 11 10 

5/7/05 3 3 8/11/05 13 13 

5/10/05 3 4 8/14/05 10 7 

5/13/05 5 7 8/17/05 9 9 

5/16/05 4 5 8/20/05 7 6 

5/19/05 3 5 8/23/05 11 12 

5/22/05 4 6 8/26/05 12 14 

5/28/05 5 7 

 9/1/05 10 13 

6/3/05 5 7 9/4/05 8 10 

6/6/05 4 4 9/10/05 7 9 

6/9/05 3 3 9/13/05 7 7 

6/12/05 4 5 9/16/05 9 8 

6/18/05 5 7 9/22/05 10 10 

6/21/05 4 5 9/25/05 9 8 

6/24/05 5 6 9/28/05 10 12 

6/27/05 5 5 

6/30/05 8 9 

 

4/2/05-9/28/05 PM2.5 FRM data: y = 0.816x + 0.343, correlation coeff.= 0.881 

L:\pcd folders\air monitoring\jdc\NetworkAssessment2010version3.doc