IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

Assigned on Briefs June 6, 2006

STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JAMES HOWARD THEUS, III

Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County

No. 00-905 Donald H. Allen, Judge

No. W2005-02426-CCA-R3-CD - Filed October 2, 2006

The defendant, James Howard Theus, III, entered a best interest plea to facilitation of rape of a child.

He was sentenced to eight years in the Tennessee Department of Correction, suspended after service

of eleven months and twenty-nine days, with the remainder on intensive probation. Thereafter, the

trial court revoked the defendant’s probation and placed his sentence into effect. On appeal, the

defendant challenges the trial court’s revocation of his probation. Upon ourreview of the record and

the parties’ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed

J.C. MCLIN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES,J., joined. GARY R.

WADE, P.J., not participating. 

Gregory D. Gookin, Assistant Public Defender, Jackson, Tennessee, for the appellant, James Howard

Theus, III.

Paul G. Summers, Attorney General andReporter;Brian Clay Johnson, Assistant Attorney General;

Jerry Woodall, District Attorney General; and Shaun A. Brown, Assistant District Attorney General,

for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

OPINION

BACKGROUND

The defendant was indicted for rape of a child and especially aggravated sexual exploitation

of a minor. The defendant entered a best-interest plea in the first count to the lesser-included offense

of facilitation of rape of a child and the sexual exploitation charge was dismissed. He was sentenced

to eight yearsin the Department of Correction, suspended after service of eleven months and twentynine days, with the remainder to be served on intensive probation. Among the conditions of the

defendant’s probation were that he obey all laws of the United States, as well as any municipal

ordinances; not use intoxicants of any kind to excess, or use or have in his possession narcotic drugs
 We note that a grand jury returned a no true bill on the charge against the defendant. However, the grand 1

jury’s failure to return an indictment does not affect the trial court’s probation revocation decision, as the trial court heard

and accredited the witnesses’ testimony. 

 It appears that Mr. Phillips’ conclusion that the defendant was not supposed to be on the sex offender registry

2

was incorrect. Although the new wording is more explicit, the statutes at the time the defendant pled guilty indicate that

facilitation of rape of a child was a sexual offense. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-39-102(3)(A)(xv) and (xvii)(1997). 

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or marijuana; and observe any special conditions imposed by the court, including being placed on

the sex offender registry. 

 

On January 8th and March 13, 2003, the defendant’s probation officer filed probation

violation reports alleging that the defendant had violated various conditions of his probation. On

April 22, 2003, the trial court issued an order dismissing the aforementioned probation violations

alleged in the reports. On August 15, 2005, the defendant’s probation officer filed another probation

violation report alleging that the defendant had been with two underage teenagers in a motel room

after 2:00 a.m., and he had waved knives at the teenagers in a threatening manner. On September

19, 2005, a probation revocation hearing was held in regard to the 2005 violations.

At the revocation hearing, Russell Phillips, the defendant’s probation officer, testified that

he took out a probation violation warrant against the defendant based on “[c]ontributing to the

delinquency of two minors, using intoxicants and not observing special conditions [of his

probation],” the special condition being that he stay away from minors. Mr. Phillips stated that the

defendant was aware of the fact that he had to stay away from minors because that condition was

listed on the sex offender directives and the sex offender registry updates, which he signed. Mr.

Phillips further stated that the defendant was arrested on August 15, 2005 for contributing to the

delinquency of a minor. Mr. Phillips explained that he had called the defendant in to discuss the 1

incident when he received a call from a detective concerning the defendant’s contact with the minors.

Mr. Phillips stated that after he received the call, he called the police and the defendant turned

himself in. 

Mr. Phillips testified that one of the special conditions of the defendant’s probation was that

he follow his probation officer’s directives, and one of those directives was that he stay away from

any individual under eighteen. Mr. Phillips stated that he had general conversations with the

defendant each month reminding him that he was supposed to stay away from minors. 

On cross-examination, Mr. Phillips stated that the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation was

supposed to take the defendant off the sex offender registry “based on the wording of facilitation”

but never did. Mr. Phillips elaborated that “[a]ccording to my understanding, facilitation was not

in the wording of the sex offender things, but they put it on this year on August 1st,” and it applied

retroactively. Mr. Phillips testified that he received anonymous calls saying that the defendant was 2

near the youth community center and he would tell the defendant he “better not get in trouble or I’m

going to violate [you].” Mr. Phillips admitted, however, that he never saw the defendant at the youth
 It is the policy of this court to not reveal the names of minors involved in sexual offenses. 

3

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center. On redirect examination, Mr. Phillips stated that the defendant sold clothes for a living, but

he did not have a physical shop so he set up a stand. 

C.K. testified that he was sixteen years old, and he knew the defendant from Youth Village. 3

C.K. recalled that he saw the defendant during the daytime on August 7, 2005 while he and his

fifteen-year-old friend J.C. were talking to another friend on North Royal Street in Jackson,

Tennessee. C.K. said that the defendant drove by and then stopped to talk to them, and they asked

him for a ride to a business named Sonny’s where they went inside and purchased some drinks.

When C.K. and J.C. returned from inside Sonny’s, the defendant asked them if they wanted to help

him sell clothes and CDs.

C.K. testified that after they helped the defendantsell the items, the defendant said “we’ll go

riding around and find some people to talk to and hangout with for a minute,” and the defendant took

the teenagers to his motel room at the Days Inn. C.K. stated that it was nighttime when they arrived

at the motel room and they stayed there for a while, and the defendant had a lady friend come over.

C.K. said that the defendant’s lady friend left around 11:00 p.m., and he told the defendant that it

was time for them to go home. However, the defendant said he wanted to wait for his lady friend

to come back before taking them home. C.K. stated that the defendant’s lady friend never returned

so he and J.C. stayed all night at the motel. C.K. explained that he and J.C. slept in one bed and the

defendant slept in the other bed. C.K. testified that during the night they saw the defendant naked

on his bed “playing with hi[m]self.” 

Because the defendant wanted the boys to help him sell again, C.K. testified that on the

morning of August 8, 2005, the defendant drove him to his house to get some clothes. Thereafter,

they went back to the defendant’s motel room. C.K. testified that they went swimming at the motel

and then headed home, but the defendant asked for their help selling clothes again. C.K. stated that

he and J.C. both got permission to stay a second night at the motel. C.K. said that later on in the

evening he and J.C. decided to leave because they “got suspicious.” He said that they asked the

defendant if they could get some air “while he was smoking and drinking.” Then, once they got

outside the motel room, they ran to a gas station and C.K. called his uncle to come pick them up.

C.K. said that his uncle told them he could not pick them up so they walked to the Waffle House.

At the Waffle House, C.K. and J.C. saw a police officer and told him what happened. 

When asked why he and J.C. were suspicious, C.K. stated that they were afraid the defendant

was going to molest them. C.K. said that the defendant had been drinking liquor and smoking

marijuana when he and J.C. left the motel room. C.K. also stated that the defendant offered them

liquor and marijuana, but they did not take any. C.K. further stated that the defendant touched his

behind and told him “good job” after C.K. hustled a CD. C.K. testified he saw the defendant naked

and playing with himself the second night, but the defendant noticed that C.K. saw him so he put his

clothes on. 
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On cross-examination, C.K. testified that he and J.C. did not leave the motel after seeing the

defendant naked the first time because they were afraid the defendant might grab them and prevent

them from leaving. However, he admitted that he went back to sleep. C.K. acknowledged that the

next morning the defendant took him home to get more clothes, and he did not tell his family about

what had happened the previous night. C.K. conceded that he knew something about a charge in the

defendant’s past, but he had “recently forgot about it.” He further acknowledged that his mother

reminded him about the defendant’s past after he had returned home. C.K. testified that the

defendant waved knives at them but did not say anything while waving them. C.K. further testified

that his mother got angry at him for hanging out with the defendant. C.K. said that his mother was

also angry that the defendant did not fairly compensate him for helping sell his goods. 

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court made the following findings:

[The defendant] was ordered to follow certain conditions of probation and . . . two

of those rules [were] “I will not use intoxicants of any kind to excess or have in my

possession or use narcotic drugs or marijuana.” That was one of the specific rules

of probation that he had to follow. Also, another rule is that he would observe any

special conditions imposed by the Court. Of course, he was found to have been a sex

offender because of the fact that he was convicted of this particular offense and he

was placed under the Sex Offender Directives. Now, . . . Rule No. 9 says, “I will not

enter into contact with any child under 18 unless an adult is present whom my officer

and my treatment provider have approved in advance in writing as a chaperone.” So,

I do credit the testimony of Mr. Phillips when he’s indicated that he has had

conversations with [the defendant], general conversations on more than one occasion,

that he cannot be in any kind of presence or have any contact with any child under

18 years of age. That’s one of the special conditions that he was ordered to follow.

Now, the Court does credit the testimony of Mr. Phillips and also I credit the

testimony of [C.K.]. Now, [C.K.] has testified that back early August of this year

that he was in the company of [the defendant], he and another friend, 15 year old

friend [J.C.], and on that particular occasion that the defendant . . . stopped them and

talked to them, allowed them to ride in the vehicle with him, later carried these

individuals, these two minor children, to [the defendant’s] hotel room at the Days Inn

on Hollywood so that they could hangout. He indicated also that they wound up . .

. spending . . . the night in the presence of [the defendant]. It’s also indicated that

[the defendant] inappropriately exposed himself to these 15 and 16 year old children

during the middle ofthe night. Also, it does appear that they spent another night with

him there at the hotel room and on that occasion he also offered both of these young

men alcohol and also offered them both marijuana. And according to [C.K.’s]

testimony, the defendant was drinking liquor there in their presence and also smoking

marijuana there in their presence there in this hotel room.
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Now, you know, these special conditions are there because [the defendant]

was not supposed to be in the company of minor children, especially not to be

exposing them to alcohol, drugs, narcotics, and, of course, he’s not even supposed

to be using marijuana himself and certainly not supposed to be using intoxicants in

excess, but it does appear to the Court that he was violating both of those rules by

drinking liquor and also smoking marijuana there in the presence of these two

children.

Of course, also, as I’ve stated, he exposed himself to these minor children and

again that’s the reason we have these special conditions is because we don’t want

[the defendant] to even be in contact with minor children. Unfortunately, [the

defendant] has chosen on two different occasions even to be in contact with minor

children.

Now, also, he failed to report any incidental contact which the rule says that

if he does come in contact that he is to report this incidental contact to his probation

officer which he did not report. Of course, this was more than just incidental contact,

this was a deliberate, willful contact in violation of the Court’s orders. Of course,

also, as I mentioned, he has – there is no positive drug screen for marijuana, but I do

credit the testimony of [C.K.] when he says that [the defendant] was smoking

marijuana there in his presence. . . . 

Now, as far as him [waving] the knives in the presence of these individuals

in a threatening manner, that’s the other allegation in the warrant, but it doesn’t

appear to the Court that he was threatening these minor children. Obviously they

may have been placed in some fear as a result of his having these knives there in their

presence, but I don’t find that he threatened these children in any way. Obviously the

testimony has been that they did become concerned and certainly became suspicious

by the way he was acting that something perhaps worse might have occurred and that

was the reason they did finally leave the company of [the defendant]. 

But the Court does find that [the defendant] clearly understood from his

conversations with Mr. Phillips and also the rules that have been gone over with . .

. his previous probation officer[s], . . . that clearly [the defendant] knew that he was

not to be anywhere involved with minor children. 

So the Court finds that he has, in fact, violated the terms and conditions of his

probation in a substantial way. The Court feels like his probation should be revoked

and he should be ordered to serve this sentence in the Tennessee Department of

Corrections. . . . 

ANALYSIS
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On appeal, the defendant argues that the trial court erred by revoking his probation and

placing his eight-year sentence into effect. Specifically, he asserts that C.K. was completely noncredible and his testimony should not have been accredited by the trial court. Initially, we note that

the decision to revoke probation lies in the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Leach, 914

S.W.2d 104, 106 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995). The trial court may revoke probation upon finding by

a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant has violated the conditions of his or her

probation. See Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-35-310,-311(e); State v. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d 79, 82 (Tenn.

1991). Revocation of probation is subject to an abuse of discretion standard of review, rather than

a de novo standard. Id. If the trial judge has exercised “conscientious judgment in making the

decision rather than acting arbitrarily,” then there is no abuse of discretion. Leach, 914 S.W.2d at

107. Discretion is abused only if the record contains no substantial evidence to support the trial

court’s conclusion that a violation has occurred. Harkins, 811 S.W.2d at 82; State v. Gregory, 946

S.W.2d 829, 832 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997).

In the present case, the trial court specifically stated that it accredited the testimony of both

witnesses, Mr. Phillips and C.K. In a probation revocation hearing, the credibility of the witnesses

is for the determination of the trial court. State v. Wall, 909 S.W.2d 8, 10 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).

According to Mr. Phillips’ testimony, the defendant violated the conditions of his probation by using

intoxicants and having contact with minor children. According to C.K.’s testimony, he and another

minor were approached by the defendant and asked to help him sell his merchandise. Afterward, the

defendant took the two minors back to his motel room where they later witnessed the defendant

naked on his bed touching himself. The next day the boys again helped the defendant sell his

merchandise during which he touched C.K. on the behind. That night, the defendant drank liquor

and smoked marijuana in front of the minors and offered the same to the boys. The trial court having

accredited Mr. Phillips’ and C.K.’s testimony, it is our view the record contains substantial evidence

to support the trial court’s conclusion that the defendant violated the conditions of his probation.

CONCLUSION

Based upon our review of the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the trial court’s

revocation of the defendant’s probation. 

___________________________________ 

J.C. McLIN, JUDGE