14046 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 

1See Petitioner’s Letter, ‘‘Petitions for the 

Imposition of Antidumping and Countervailing 

Duties,’’ dated January 25, 2024 (the Petitions). The 

members of the American Paper Plate Coalition are 

AJM Packaging Corporation, Aspen Products, Inc., 

Dart Container Corporation, Hoffmaster Group, Inc., 

Huhtamaki Americas, Inc., and Unique Industries, 

Inc. 

2 Id. 

3See Commerce’s Letter, ‘‘Petitions for the 

Imposition of Antidumping and Countervailing 

Duties on Imports of Certain Paper Plates from the 

People’s Republic of China, Thailand, and the 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Supplemental 

Questions,’’ dated January 29, 2024 (General Issues 

Questionnaire); see also Country-Specific 

Supplemental Questionnaires: China Supplemental, 

Thailand Supplemental, and Vietnam 

Supplemental, dated January 29, 2024; and 

Memorandum, ‘‘Phone Call,’’ dated February 6, 

2024 (February 6 Memorandum). 

ACTION: Notice of Federal advisory 

committee meeting. 

SUMMARY: This notice sets forth the 

schedule and proposed agenda for a 

meeting of the Civil Nuclear Trade 

Advisory Committee (CINTAC). 

DATES: The meeting is scheduled for 

Thursday, March 14, 2024, from 10 a.m. 

to 4 p.m. eastern standard time (EST). 

The deadline for members of the public 

to register, including requests to make 

comments during the meeting and for 

auxiliary aids, or to submit written 

comments for dissemination prior to the 

meeting, is 5 p.m. EST on Monday, 

March 11, 2024. 

ADDRESSES: The meeting will be inperson at the Department of Commerce 

Herbert C. Hoover Building (1401 

Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 

20230). Registered participants will be 

emailed instructions on accessing the 

designated meeting space. Requests to 

register (including to speak or for 

auxiliary aids) and any written 

comments should be submitted to Mr. 

Jonathan Chesebro, Office of Energy & 

Environmental Industries, International 

Trade Administration, (email: jonathan.

chesebro@trade.gov). Members of the 

public should submit registration 

requests and written comments via 

email to ensure timely receipt. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. 

Jonathan Chesebro, Office of Energy & 

Environmental Industries, International 

Trade Administration, Room 28018, 

1401 Constitution Ave. NW, 

Washington, DC 20230. (Phone: 202– 

482–1297; email: jonathan.chesebro@

trade.gov). 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background: The CINTAC was 

established under the discretionary 

authority of the Secretary of Commerce 

and in accordance with the Federal 

Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. 1001 

et seq.), in response to an identified 

need for consensus advice from U.S. 

industry to the U.S. Government 

regarding the development and 

administration of programs to expand 

U.S. exports of civil nuclear goods and 

services in accordance with applicable 

U.S. laws and regulations, including 

advice on how U.S. civil nuclear goods 

and services export policies, programs, 

and activities affect the U.S. civil 

nuclear industry’s competitiveness and 

ability to participate in the international 

market. 

Topics to be considered: The agenda 

for the Thursday, March 14, 2024, 

CINTAC meeting will include 

discussions of CINTAC priorities for its 

2022–2024 charter term and activities 

related to the U.S. Department of 

Commerce’s Civil Nuclear Trade 

Initiative. 

Members of the public wishing to 

attend the meeting must notify Mr. 

Jonathan Chesebro at the contact 

information above by 5 p.m. EST on 

Monday, March 11, 2024, in order to 

pre-register. Please specify any requests 

for reasonable accommodation at least 

five business days in advance of the 

meeting. 

A limited amount of time will be 

available for brief oral comments from 

members of the public attending the 

meeting. To accommodate as many 

speakers as possible, the time for public 

comments will be limited to two (2) 

minutes per person, with a total public 

comment period of 20 minutes. 

Individuals wishing to reserve speaking 

time during the meeting must contact 

Mr. Jonathan Chesebro and submit a 

brief statement of the general nature of 

the comments and the name and 

address of the proposed participant by 

5 p.m. EST on Monday, March 11, 2024. 

If the number of registrants requesting to 

make statements is greater than can be 

reasonably accommodated during the 

meeting, ITA may conduct a lottery to 

determine the speakers. 

Any member of the public may 

submit written comments concerning 

the CINTAC’s affairs at any time before 

and after the meeting. Comments may 

be submitted to Mr. Jonathan Chesebro 

in the International Trade 

Administration’s Office of Energy & 

Environmental Industries. For 

consideration during the meeting, and 

to ensure transmission to the Committee 

prior to the meeting, comments must be 

received no later than 5 p.m. EST on 

Monday, March 11, 2024. Comments 

received after that date will be 

distributed to the members but may not 

be considered at the meeting. 

Copies of CINTAC meeting minutes 

will be available within 90 days of the 

meeting. 

Man K. Cho, 

Deputy Director, Office of Energy and 

Environmental Industries. 

[FR Doc. 2024–03837 Filed 2–23–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 3510–DR–P 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

International Trade Administration 

[A–570–164, A–549–849, A–552–839] 

Certain Paper Plates From the People’s 

Republic of China, Thailand, and the 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam: 

Initiation of Less-Than-Fair-Value 

Investigations 

AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, 

International Trade Administration, 

Department of Commerce. 

DATES: Applicable February 14, 2024. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Charles DeFilippo (the People’s 

Republic of China (China)) at (202) 482– 

3979; Theodore Pearson (Thailand) at 

(202) 482–2631; and Bryan Hansen (the 

Socialist Republic of Vietnam 

(Vietnam)) at (202) 482–3683, AD/CVD 

Operations, Enforcement and 

Compliance, International Trade 

Administration, U.S. Department of 

Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue 

NW, Washington, DC 20230. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

The Petitions 

On January 25, 2024, the U.S. 

Department of Commerce (Commerce) 

received antidumping duty (AD) 

petitions concerning imports of certain 

paper plates (paper plates) from China, 

Thailand, and Vietnam filed in proper 

form on behalf of the American Paper 

Plate Coalition (the petitioner).1 These 

AD Petitions were accompanied by 

countervailing duty (CVD) petitions 

concerning imports of paper plates from 

China and Vietnam.2

Between January 29 and February 6, 

2024, Commerce requested 

supplemental information pertaining to 

certain aspects of the Petitions in 

separate supplemental questionnaires.3

The petitioner filed responses to the 


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Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 14047 

4See Petitioner’s Letters, ‘‘Petitioner’s Responses 

to Supplemental Questions—General Issues,’’ dated 

February 2, 2024 (First General Issues Supplement); 

Country-Specific AD Supplemental Responses: First 

China AD Supplement, First Thailand AD 

Supplement, and First Vietnam AD Supplement, 

dated February 2, 2024; Country-Specific AD 

Supplemental Responses: Second China AD 

Supplement, Second Thailand AD Supplement, and 

Second Vietnam AD Supplement, dated February 8, 

2024; and ‘‘Petitioner’s Responses to Supplemental 

Questions—General Issues,’’ dated February 8, 2024 

(Second General Issues Supplement). 

5The members of the American Paper Plate 

Coalition are interested parties as defined under 

section 771(9)(C) of the Act. 6See section on ‘‘Determination of Industry 

Support for the Petitions,’’ infra. 

7See General Issues Questionnaire; see also 

February 6 Memorandum. 8See First General Issues Supplement at 5–11; see 

also Second General Issues Supplement at 3–6. 9See Antidumping Duties; Countervailing Duties, 

Final Rule, 62 FR 27296, 27323 (May 19, 1997) 

(Preamble); see also 19 CFR 351.312. 

10See 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) (defining ‘‘factual 

information’’). 

11See 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). 

12See Antidumping and Countervailing Duty 

Proceedings: Electronic Filing Procedures; 

Administrative Protective Order Procedures, 76 FR 

39263 (July 6, 2011); see also Enforcement and 

Compliance: Change of Electronic Filing System 

Name, 79 FR 69046 (November 20, 2014) for details 

of Commerce’s electronic filing requirements, 

effective August 5, 2011. Information on using 

ACCESS can be found at https://access.trade.gov/ 

help.aspx and a handbook can be found at https:// 

access.trade.gov/help/Handbook_on_Electronic_

Filing_Procedures.pdf. 

13See 19 CFR 351.303(b)(1). 

supplemental questionnaires between 

January 31 and February 8, 2024.4

In accordance with section 732(b) of 

the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the 

Act), the petitioner alleges that imports 

of paper plates from China, Thailand, 

and Vietnam are being, or are likely to 

be, sold in the United States at less than 

fair value (LTFV) within the meaning of 

section 731 of the Act, and that imports 

of such products are materially injuring, 

or threatening material injury to, the 

paper plates industry in the United 

States. Consistent with section 732(b)(1) 

of the Act, the Petitions were 

accompanied by information reasonably 

available to the petitioner supporting its 

allegations. 

Commerce finds that the petitioner 

filed the Petitions on behalf of the 

domestic industry, because the 

petitioner is an interested party, as 

defined in section 771(9)(F) of the Act.5

Commerce also finds that the petitioner 

demonstrated sufficient industry 

support for the initiation of the 

requested LTFV investigations.6

Periods of Investigation 

Because the Petitions were filed on 

January 25, 2024, pursuant to 19 CFR 

351.204(b)(1), the period of 

investigation (POI) for the Thailand 

LTFV investigation is January 1, 2023, 

through December 31, 2023. Because 

China and Vietnam are non-market 

economy (NME) countries, pursuant to 

19 CFR 351.204(b)(1), the POI for the 

China and Vietnam LTFV investigations 

is July 1, 2023, through December 31, 

2023. 

Scope of the Investigations 

The products covered by these 

investigations are paper plates from 

China, Thailand, and Vietnam. For a full 

description of the scope of these 

investigations, see the appendix to this 

notice. 

Comments on the Scope of the 

Investigations 

On January 29 and February 6, 2024, 

Commerce requested information and 

clarification from the petitioner 

regarding the proposed scope to ensure 

that the scope language in the Petitions 

is an accurate reflection of the products 

for which the domestic industry is 

seeking relief.7 On February 2 and 8, 

2024, the petitioner provided 

clarifications and revised the scope.8

The description of merchandise covered 

by these investigations, as described in 

the appendix to this notice, reflects 

these clarifications. 

As discussed in the Preamble to 

Commerce’s regulations, we are setting 

aside a period for interested parties to 

raise issues regarding product coverage 

(i.e., scope).9 Commerce will consider 

all scope comments received from 

interested parties and, if necessary, will 

consult with interested parties prior to 

the issuance of the preliminary 

determinations. If scope comments 

include factual information,10 all such 

factual information should be limited to 

public information. To facilitate 

preparation of its questionnaires, 

Commerce requests that scope 

comments be submitted by 5:00 p.m. 

Eastern Time (ET) on March 5, 2024, 

which is 20 calendar days from the 

signature date of this notice.11 Any 

rebuttal comments, which may include 

factual information, must be filed by 

5:00 p.m. ET on March 15, 2024, which 

is 10 calendar days from the initial 

comment deadline. 

Commerce requests that any factual 

information that parties consider 

relevant to the scope of these 

investigations be submitted during that 

period. However, if a party subsequently 

finds that additional factual information 

pertaining to the scope of the 

investigations may be relevant, the party 

must contact Commerce and request 

permission to submit the additional 

information. All scope comments must 

be filed simultaneously on the records 

of the concurrent LTFV and CVD 

investigations. 

Filing Requirements 

All submissions to Commerce must be 

filed electronically via Enforcement and 

Compliance’s Antidumping Duty and 

Countervailing Duty Centralized 

Electronic Service System (ACCESS), 

unless an exception applies.12 An 

electronically filed document must be 

received successfully in its entirety by 

the time and date it is due. 

Comments on Product Characteristics 

Commerce is providing interested 

parties an opportunity to comment on 

the appropriate physical characteristics 

of paper plates to be reported in 

response to Commerce’s AD 

questionnaires. This information will be 

used to identify the key physical 

characteristics of the subject 

merchandise in order to report the 

relevant factors of production (FOP) or 

cost of production (COP) accurately, as 

well as to develop appropriate product 

comparison criteria. 

Interested parties may provide any 

information or comments that they feel 

are relevant to the development of an 

accurate list of physical characteristics. 

Specifically, they may provide 

comments as to which characteristics 

are appropriate to use as: (1) general 

product characteristics; and (2) product 

comparison criteria. We note that it is 

not always appropriate to use all 

product characteristics as product 

comparison criteria. We base product 

comparison criteria on meaningful 

commercial differences among products. 

In other words, although there may be 

some physical product characteristics 

utilized by manufacturers to describe 

paper plates, it may be that only a select 

few product characteristics take into 

account commercially meaningful 

physical characteristics. In addition, 

interested parties may comment on the 

order in which the physical 

characteristics should be used in 

matching products. Generally, 

Commerce attempts to list the most 

important physical characteristics first 

and the least important characteristics 

last. 

In order to consider the suggestions of 

interested parties in developing and 

issuing the AD questionnaires, all 

product characteristics comments must 

be filed by 5:00 p.m. ET on March 5, 

2024, which is 20 calendar days from 

the signature date of this notice.13 Any 

rebuttal comments must be filed by 5:00 

p.m. ET on March 15, 2024, which is 10 

calendar days from the initial comment 

deadline. All comments and 

submissions to Commerce must be filed 


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14048 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 

14See section 771(10) of the Act. 

15See USEC, Inc. v. United States, 132 F. Supp. 

2d 1, 8 (CIT 2001) (citing Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. 

v. United States, 688 F. Supp. 639, 644 (CIT 1988), 

aff’d Algoma Steel Corp., Ltd. v. United States, 865 

F.2d 240 (Fed. Cir. 1989)). 

16See Petitions at Volume I (pages 11–13); see 

also First General Issues Supplement at 17–18. 

17For a discussion of the domestic like product 

analysis as applied to these cases and information 

regarding industry support, see Antidumping Duty 

Investigation Initiation Checklists: Certain Paper 

Plates from the People’s Republic of China, 

Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 

dated concurrently with this notice (CountrySpecific AD Initiation Checklists) at Attachment II, 

Analysis of Industry Support for the Antidumping 

and Countervailing Duty Petitions Covering Certain 

Paper Plates from the People’s Republic of China, 

Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam 

(Attachment II). These checklists are dated 

concurrently with this notice and on file 

electronically via ACCESS. 

18See First General Issues Supplement at 12–14, 

16, and Attachments 2–4; see also Second General 

Issues Supplement at 7–8 and Attachment 1. 

19See Petitions at Volume I (page 4 and Exhibit 

I–2); see also First General Issues Supplement at 12 

and 14. 

20See Petitions at Volume I (pages 3–4); see also 

First General Issues Supplement at 11–16 and 

Attachments 2–4; and Second General Issues 

Supplement at 7–8 and Attachment 1. For further 

discussion, see Attachment II of the CountrySpecific AD Initiation Checklists. 

21See Petitions at Volume I (pages 3–4); see also 

First General Issues Supplement at 11–16 and 

Attachments 2–4; and Second General Issues 

Supplement at 6–8 and Attachments 1–3. For 

further discussion, see Attachment II of the 

Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists. 

22See Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD 

Initiation Checklists; see also section 732(c)(4)(D) of 

the Act. 

23See Attachment II of the Country-Specific AD 

Initiation Checklists. 

24 Id. 

25 Id. 

26See Petitions at Volume I (pages 15–16 and 

Exhibit I–8). 

27 Id. at 16–17 and Exhibits I–8 through I–10, I– 

12, and I–13; see also First General Issues 

Supplement at 18–19. 

electronically using ACCESS, as 

explained above, on the record of each 

of the LTFV investigations. 

Determination of Industry Support for 

the Petitions 

Section 732(b)(1) of the Act requires 

that a petition be filed on behalf of the 

domestic industry. Section 732(c)(4)(A) 

of the Act provides that a petition meets 

this requirement if the domestic 

producers or workers who support the 

petition account for: (i) at least 25 

percent of the total production of the 

domestic like product; and (ii) more 

than 50 percent of the production of the 

domestic like product produced by that 

portion of the industry expressing 

support for, or opposition to, the 

petition. Moreover, section 732(c)(4)(D) 

of the Act provides that, if the petition 

does not establish support of domestic 

producers or workers accounting for 

more than 50 percent of the total 

production of the domestic like product, 

Commerce shall: (i) poll the industry or 

rely on other information in order to 

determine if there is support for the 

petition, as required by subparagraph 

(A); or (ii) determine industry support 

using a statistically valid sampling 

method to poll the ‘‘industry.’’ 

Section 771(4)(A) of the Act defines 

the ‘‘industry’’ as the producers as a 

whole of a domestic like product. Thus, 

to determine whether a petition has the 

requisite industry support, the statute 

directs Commerce to look to producers 

and workers who produce the domestic 

like product. The U.S. International 

Trade Commission (ITC), which is 

responsible for determining whether 

‘‘the domestic industry’’ has been 

injured, must also determine what 

constitutes a domestic like product in 

order to define the industry. While both 

Commerce and the ITC apply the same 

statutory definition regarding the 

domestic like product,14 they do so for 

different purposes and pursuant to a 

separate and distinct authority. In 

addition, Commerce’s determination is 

subject to limitations of time and 

information. Although this may result in 

different definitions of the like product, 

such differences do not render the 

decision of either agency contrary to 

law.15

Section 771(10) of the Act defines the 

domestic like product as ‘‘a product 

which is like, or in the absence of like, 

most similar in characteristics and uses 

with, the article subject to an 

investigation under this title.’’ Thus, the 

reference point from which the 

domestic-like product analysis begins is 

‘‘the article subject to an investigation’’ 

(i.e., the class or kind of merchandise to 

be investigated, which normally will be 

the scope as defined in the petition). 

With regard to the domestic like 

product, the petitioner does not offer a 

definition of the domestic like product 

distinct from the scope of the 

investigations.16 Based on our analysis 

of the information submitted on the 

record, we have determined that paper 

plates, as defined in the scope, 

constitute a single domestic like 

product, and we have analyzed industry 

support in terms of that domestic like 

product.17

In determining whether the petitioner 

has standing under section 732(c)(4)(A) 

of the Act, we considered the industry 

support data contained in the Petitions 

with reference to the domestic like 

product as defined in the ‘‘Scope of the 

Investigations,’’ in the appendix to this 

notice. To establish industry support, 

the petitioner provided its own 

shipments of the domestic like product 

in 2023 and compared this to the 

estimated total 2023 shipments of the 

domestic like product for the entire 

domestic industry.18 Because total 

industry production data for the 

domestic like product for 2023 are not 

reasonably available to the petitioner, 

and the petitioner has established that 

shipments are a reasonable proxy for 

production data,19 we have relied on the 

data provided by the petitioner for 

purposes of measuring industry 

support.20

Our review of the data provided in the 

Petitions, the First General Issues 

Supplement, the Second General Issues 

Supplement, and other information 

readily available to Commerce indicates 

that the petitioner has established 

industry support for the Petitions.21

First, the Petitions established support 

from domestic producers (or workers) 

accounting for more than 50 percent of 

the total production of the domestic like 

product and, as such, Commerce is not 

required to take further action in order 

to evaluate industry support (e.g., 

polling).22 Second, the domestic 

producers (or workers) have met the 

statutory criteria for industry support 

under section 732(c)(4)(A)(i) of the Act 

because the domestic producers (or 

workers) who support the Petitions 

account for at least 25 percent of the 

total production of the domestic like 

product.23 Finally, the domestic 

producers (or workers) have met the 

statutory criteria for industry support 

under section 732(c)(4)(A)(ii) of the Act 

because the domestic producers (or 

workers) who support the Petitions 

account for more than 50 percent of the 

production of the domestic like product 

produced by that portion of the industry 

expressing support for, or opposition to, 

the Petitions.24 Accordingly, Commerce 

determines that the Petitions were filed 

on behalf of the domestic industry 

within the meaning of section 732(b)(1) 

of the Act.25

Allegations and Evidence of Material 

Injury and Causation 

The petitioner alleges that the U.S. 

industry producing the domestic like 

product is being materially injured, or is 

threatened with material injury, by 

reason of the imports of the subject 

merchandise sold at LTFV. In addition, 

the petitioner alleges that subject 

imports from China and Vietnam exceed 

the negligibility threshold provided for 

under section 771(24)(A) of the Act.26

With regard to Thailand, while the 

allegedly dumped imports do not 

exceed the statutory requirements for 

negligibility,27 the petitioner alleges and 

provides supporting evidence that: (1) 


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28See Statement of Administrative Action 

Accompanying the Uruguay Round Agreements 

Act, H.R. Doc. 103–316, Vol. 1 (1994) (SAA), at 857; 

see also Petitions at Volume I (pages 16–17 and 

Exhibits I–8 through I–10); and First General Issues 

Supplement at 18–19. 

29See section 771(24)(A)(iv) of the Act; see also 

First General Issues Supplement at 19. 

30See Petitions at Volume I (pages 15–39 and 

Exhibits I–2, I–3, and I–7 through I–35); see also 

First General Issues Supplement at 18–19. 

31See Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists 

at Attachment III, Analysis of Allegations and 

Evidence of Material Injury and Causation for the 

Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Petitions 

Covering Certain Paper Plates from the People’s 

Republic of China, Thailand, and the Socialist 

Republic of Vietnam. 

32See Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists. 

33 Id. 

34 In accordance with section 773(b)(2) of the Act, 

for the Thailand investigation, Commerce will 

request information necessary to calculate the CV 

and COP to determine whether there are reasonable 

grounds to believe or suspect that sales of the 

foreign like product have been made at prices that 

represent less than the COP of the product. 

35See Thailand AD Initiation Checklist. 

36 Id. 

37See, e.g., Certain Freight Rail Couplers and 

Parts Thereof from the People’s Republic of China: 

Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Sales at 

Less Than Fair Value and Preliminary Affirmative 

Determination of Critical Circumstances, 88 FR 

15372 (March 13, 2023), and accompanying 

Preliminary Decision Memorandum at 5, 

unchanged in Certain Freight Rail Couplers and 

Parts Thereof from the People’s Republic of China: 

Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at LessThan-Fair Value and Final Affirmative 

Determination of Critical Circumstances, 88 FR 

34485 (May 30, 2023); and Certain Frozen Fish 

Fillets from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final 

Results, and Final Results of No Shipments of the 

Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2016– 

2017, 84 FR 18007 (April 29, 2019). 

38See China AD Initiation Checklist. 

39 Id. 

40See, e.g., Certain Collated Steel Staples from 

the People’s Republic of China: Final Results of 

Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; and 

Final Determination of No Shipments; 2021–2022, 

88 FR 85242 (December 7, 2023), and 

accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum 

(IDM) at Comment 2; and Light-Walled Rectangular 

Pipe and Tube from the People’s Republic of China: 

Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative 

Review, 88 FR 15671 (March 14, 2023), and 

accompanying IDM at Comment 2. 

41See China AD Initiation Checklist. 

42See Vietnam AD Initiation Checklist. 

43 Id. 

44See China AD Initiation Checklist; see also 

Vietnam AD Initiation Checklist. 

there is a reasonable indication that data 

obtained in the ITC’s investigation will 

establish that imports exceed the 

negligibility threshold; 28 and (2) there is 

the potential that imports from Thailand 

will imminently exceed the negligibility 

threshold and, therefore, are not 

negligible for purposes of a threat 

determination.29 The petitioner’s 

arguments regarding the limitations of 

publicly available import data and the 

collection of scope-specific import data 

in the ITC’s investigations are consistent 

with the SAA. Furthermore, the 

petitioner’s arguments regarding the 

potential for imports from Thailand to 

imminently exceed the negligibility 

threshold are consistent with the 

statutory criteria for ‘‘negligibility in 

threat analysis’’ under section 

771(24)(A)(iv) of the Act, which 

provides that imports shall not be 

treated as negligible if there is a 

potential that subject imports from a 

country will imminently exceed the 

statutory requirements for negligibility. 

The petitioner contends that the 

industry’s injured condition is 

illustrated by the significant volume of 

subject imports; underselling and price 

depression and/or suppression; loss of 

market share; decrease in production 

volume and capacity utilization; and 

lost sales and revenues.30 We assessed 

the allegations and supporting evidence 

regarding material injury, threat of 

material injury, causation, as well as 

negligibility, and we have determined 

that these allegations are properly 

supported by adequate evidence, and 

meet the statutory requirements for 

initiation.31

Allegations of Sales at LTFV 

The following is a description of the 

allegations of sales at LTFV upon which 

Commerce based its decision to initiate 

LTFV investigations of imports of paper 

plates from China, Thailand, and 

Vietnam. The sources of data for the 

deductions and adjustments relating to 

U.S. price and normal value (NV) are 

discussed in greater detail in the 

Country-Specific AD Initiation 

Checklists. 

U.S. Price 

For China, Thailand, and Vietnam, 

the petitioner based export price (EP) on 

pricing information for sales, or offers 

for sale, of paper plates produced in and 

exported from each country.32 For each 

country, the petitioner made certain 

adjustments to U.S. price to calculate a 

net ex-factory U.S. price, where 

applicable.33

Normal Value 34

For Thailand, the petitioner stated 

that it was unable to obtain home 

market or third country pricing 

information for paper plates to use as a 

basis for NV.35 Therefore, for Thailand, 

the petitioner calculated NV based on 

constructed value (CV).36 For further 

discussion of CV, see the section 

‘‘Normal Value Based on Constructed 

Value,’’ below. 

Commerce considers China and 

Vietnam to be NME countries.37 In 

accordance with section 771(18)(C)(i) of 

the Act, any determination that a foreign 

country is an NME country shall remain 

in effect until revoked by Commerce. 

Therefore, we continue to treat China 

and Vietnam as NME countries for 

purposes of the initiation of these 

investigations. Accordingly, we base NV 

on FOPs valued in a surrogate market 

economy country in accordance with 

section 773(c) of the Act. 

The petitioner claims that Malaysia is 

an appropriate surrogate country for 

China because it is a market economy 

that is at a level of economic 

development comparable to that of 

China and is a significant producer of 

comparable merchandise.38 The 

petitioner provided publicly available 

information from Malaysia to value all 

FOPs except labor.39 Consistent with 

Commerce’s recent practice in cases 

involving Malaysia as a surrogate 

country,40 to value labor, the petitioner 

provided labor statistics from another 

surrogate country, Turkey.41 Based on 

the information provided by the 

petitioner, we believe it is appropriate 

to use Malaysia as a surrogate country 

for China to value all FOPs except labor 

and to value labor using labor statistics 

from Turkey for initiation purposes. 

The petitioner claims that Indonesia 

is an appropriate surrogate country for 

Vietnam because it is a market economy 

that is at a level of economic 

development comparable to that of 

Vietnam and is a significant producer of 

comparable merchandise.42 The 

petitioner provided publicly available 

information from Indonesia to value all 

FOPs.43 Based on the information 

provided by the petitioner, we believe it 

is appropriate to use Indonesia as a 

surrogate country for Vietnam to value 

all FOPs for initiation purposes. 

Interested parties will have the 

opportunity to submit comments 

regarding surrogate country selection 

and, pursuant to 19 CFR 

351.301(c)(3)(i), will be provided an 

opportunity to submit publicly available 

information to value FOPs within 30 

days before the scheduled date of the 

preliminary determination. 

Factors of Production 

Because information regarding the 

volume of inputs consumed by Chinese 

and Vietnamese producers/exporters 

was not reasonably available, the 

petitioner used product-specific 

consumption rates from a U.S. producer 

of paper plates as a surrogate to value 

Chinese and Vietnamese manufacturers’ 

FOPs.44 Additionally, the petitioner 

calculated factory overhead, selling, 

general, and administrative expenses 

(SG&A), and profit based on the 

experience of a Malaysian and an 


khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with NOTICES
14050 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 

45See China AD Initiation Checklist; see also 

Vietnam AD Initiation Checklist. As noted above, 

for China, the petitioner calculated labor using 

information specific to Turkey. See China AD 

Initiation Checklist. 46See Thailand AD Initiation Checklist. 47 Id. 48 Id. 49 Id. 50See Country-Specific AD Initiation Checklists. 

51See Petitions at Volume I (page 9 and Exhibit 

I–5); see also First General Issues Supplement at 3 

and Attachment 1. 

52See Memorandum, ‘‘Release of Data from U.S. 

Customs and Border Protection,’’ dated February 9, 

2024. 

53See Petitions at Volume I (page 9 and Exhibit 

I–5); see also First General Issues Supplement at 3– 

4 and Attachment 1. 

54See Memorandum, ‘‘Release of U.S. Customs 

and Border Protection Data,’’ dated February 9, 

2024. 

Indonesian producer of comparable 

merchandise for China and Vietnam, 

respectively.45

Normal Value Based on Constructed 

Value 

As noted above for Thailand, the 

petitioner stated that it was unable to 

obtain home market or third-country 

prices for paper plates to use as a basis 

for NV. Therefore, for Thailand, the 

petitioner calculated NV based on CV.46

Pursuant to section 773(e) of the Act, 

the petitioner calculated CV as the sum 

of the cost of manufacturing, SG&A, 

financial expenses, and profit.47 For 

Thailand, in calculating the cost of 

manufacturing, the petitioner relied on 

the production experience and input 

consumption rates of a U.S. producer of 

paper plates, valued using publicly 

available information applicable to 

Thailand.48 In calculating SG&A, 

financial expenses, and profit ratios, the 

petitioner relied on the fiscal year 2022 

financial statements of a producer of 

identical merchandise in Thailand.49

Fair Value Comparisons 

Based on the data provided by the 

petitioner, there is reason to believe that 

imports of paper plates from China, 

Thailand, and Vietnam are being, or are 

likely to be, sold in the United States at 

LTFV. Based on comparisons of EP to 

NV in accordance with sections 772 and 

773 of the Act, the estimated dumping 

margins for paper plates for each of the 

countries covered by this initiation are 

as follows: (1) China—154.57 to 178.80 

percent; (2) Thailand—61.03 to 73.17 

percent; and (3) Vietnam—153.09 to 

165.27 percent.50

Initiation of LTFV Investigations 

Based upon the examination of the 

Petitions and supplemental responses, 

we find that they meet the requirements 

of section 732 of the Act. Therefore, we 

are initiating LTFV investigations to 

determine whether imports of paper 

plates from China, Thailand, and 

Vietnam are being, or are likely to be, 

sold in the United States at LTFV. In 

accordance with section 733(b)(1)(A) of 

the Act and 19 CFR 351.205(b)(1), 

unless postponed, we will make our 

preliminary determinations no later 

than 140 days after the date of these 

initiations. 

Respondent Selection 

Thailand 

In the Petitions, the petitioner 

identified nine companies in Thailand 

as producers/exporters of paper 

plates.51 Following standard practice in 

LTFV investigations involving market 

economy countries, in the event 

Commerce determines that the number 

of companies is large, and it cannot 

individually examine each company 

based upon Commerce’s resources, 

where appropriate, Commerce intends 

to select mandatory respondents based 

on U.S. Customs and Border Protection 

(CBP) data for imports under the 

appropriate Harmonized Tariff Schedule 

of the United States (HTSUS) 

subheading(s) listed in the ‘‘Scope of the 

Investigations,’’ in the appendix. 

On February 9, 2024, Commerce 

released CBP data on imports of paper 

plates from Thailand under 

administrative protective order (APO) to 

all parties with access to information 

protected by APO and indicated that 

interested parties wishing to comment 

on CBP data and/or respondent 

selection must do so within three 

business days of the publication date of 

the notice of initiation of these 

investigations.52 Comments must be 

filed electronically using ACCESS. An 

electronically filed document must be 

received successfully in its entirety via 

ACCESS by 5:00 p.m. ET on the 

specified deadline. Commerce will not 

accept rebuttal comments regarding the 

CBP data or respondent selection. 

Interested parties must submit 

applications for disclosure under APO 

in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(b). 

Instructions for filing such applications 

may be found on Commerce’s website at 

https://www.trade.gov/administrativeprotective-orders. 

China and Vietnam 

In the Petitions, the petitioner named 

149 companies in China and nine 

companies in Vietnam as producers 

and/or exporters of paper plates.53 Our 

standard practice for respondent 

selection in AD investigations involving 

NME countries is to select respondents 

based on quantity and value (Q&V) 

questionnaires in cases where it has 

determined that the number of 

companies is large and it cannot 

individually examine each company 

based upon its resources. Therefore, 

considering the number of producers 

and/or exporters identified in the 

Petitions, Commerce will solicit Q&V 

information that can serve as a basis for 

selecting exporters for individual 

examination in the event that Commerce 

determines that the number is large and 

decides to limit the number of 

respondents individually examined 

pursuant to section 777A(c)(2) of the 

Act. For Vietnam, because there are nine 

Vietnamese producers and/or exporters 

identified in the Petitions, Commerce 

has determined that it will issue Q&V 

questionnaires to each potential 

respondent for which the petitioner has 

provided a complete address. For China, 

because there are 149 Chinese producers 

and/or exporters identified in the 

Petitions, Commerce has determined 

that it will issue Q&V questionnaires to 

the largest producers and/or exporters 

in China that are identified in the CBP 

data for which there is complete address 

information on the record.54

Commerce will post the Q&V 

questionnaires along with filing 

instructions on Commerce’s website at 

https://www.trade.gov/ec-adcvd-caseannouncements. Producers/exporters of 

paper plates from China and Vietnam 

that do not receive Q&V questionnaires 

may still submit a response to the Q&V 

questionnaire and can obtain a copy of 

the Q&V questionnaire from 

Commerce’s website. Responses to the 

Q&V questionnaire must be submitted 

by the relevant Chinese and Vietnamese 

producers/exporters no later than 5:00 

p.m. ET on February 28, 2024, which is 

two weeks from the signature date of 

this notice. All Q&V questionnaire 

responses must be filed electronically 

via ACCESS. An electronically filed 

document must be received 

successfully, in its entirety, by ACCESS 

no later than 5:00 p.m. ET on the 

deadline noted above. 

Interested parties must submit 

applications for disclosure under APO 

in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(b). 

As stated above, instructions for filing 

such applications may be found on 

Commerce’s website at https://

www.trade.gov/administrativeprotective-orders. 

Separate Rates 

In order to obtain separate rate status 

in an NME investigation, exporters and 

producers must submit a separate rate 

application. The specific requirements 

for submitting a separate rate 


khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with NOTICES
Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 14051 

55See Enforcement and Compliance’s Policy 

Bulletin No. 05.1, regarding, ‘‘Separate-Rates 

Practice and Application of Combination Rates in 

Antidumping Investigation involving NME 

Countries,’’ (April 5, 2005) at 6 (emphasis added), 

available on Commerce’s website at https://access.

trade.gov/Resources/policy/bull05-1.pdf. 

56See section 733(a) of the Act. 57 Id. 58See 19 CFR 351.301(b). 59See 19 CFR 351.301(b)(2). 

60See 19 CFR 351.301; see also Extension of Time 

Limits; Final Rule, 78 FR 57790 (September 20, 

2013) (Time Limits Final Rule), available at https:// 

www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-09-20/html/2013- 

22853.htm. 

application in an NME investigation are 

outlined in detail in the application 

itself, which is available on Commerce’s 

website at https://access.trade.gov/ 

Resources/nme/nme-sep-rate.html. The 

separate rate application will be due 30 

days after publication of this initiation 

notice. Exporters and producers must 

file a timely separate rate application if 

they want to be considered for 

individual examination. Exporters and 

producers who submit a separate rate 

application and have been selected as 

mandatory respondents will be eligible 

for consideration for separate rate status 

only if they respond to all parts of 

Commerce’s AD questionnaire as 

mandatory respondents. Commerce 

requires that companies from China and 

Vietnam submit a response both to the 

Q&V questionnaire and to the separate 

rate application by the respective 

deadlines to receive consideration for 

separate rate status. Companies not 

filing a timely Q&V questionnaire 

response will not receive separate rate 

consideration. 

Use of Combination Rates 

Commerce will calculate combination 

rates for certain respondents that are 

eligible for a separate rate in an NME 

investigation. The Separate Rates and 

Combination Rates Bulletin states: 

{w}hile continuing the practice of assigning 

separate rates only to exporters, all separate 

rates that {Commerce} will now assign in its 

NME investigation will be specific to those 

producers that supplied the exporter during 

the period of investigation. Note, however, 

that one rate is calculated for the exporter 

and all of the producers which supplied 

subject merchandise to it during the period 

of investigation. This practice applies both to 

mandatory respondents receiving an 

individually calculated separate rate as well 

as the pool of non-investigated firms 

receiving the {weighted average} of the 

individually calculated rates. This practice is 

referred to as the application of ‘‘combination 

rates’’ because such rates apply to specific 

combinations of exporters and one or more 

producers. The cash-deposit rate assigned to 

an exporter will apply only to merchandise 

both exported by the firm in question and 

produced by a firm that supplied the exporter 

during the period of investigation.55

Distribution of Copies of the Petitions 

In accordance with section 

732(b)(3)(A) of the Act and 19 CFR 

351.202(f), copies of the public version 

of the Petitions have been provided to 

the governments of China, Thailand, 

and Vietnam via ACCESS. To the extent 

practicable, we will attempt to provide 

a copy of the public version of the 

Petitions to each exporter named in the 

Petitions, as provided under 19 CFR 

351.203(c)(2). 

ITC Notification 

Commerce will notify the ITC of our 

initiation, as required by section 732(d) 

of the Act. 

Preliminary Determinations by the ITC 

The ITC will preliminarily determine, 

within 45 days after the date on which 

the Petitions were filed, whether there 

is a reasonable indication that imports 

of paper plates from China, Thailand, 

and/or Vietnam are materially injuring, 

or threatening material injury to, a U.S. 

industry.56 A negative ITC 

determination for any country will 

result in the investigation being 

terminated with respect to that 

country.57 Otherwise, these LTFV 

investigations will proceed according to 

statutory and regulatory time limits. 

Submission of Factual Information 

Factual information is defined in 19 

CFR 351.102(b)(21) as: (i) evidence 

submitted in response to questionnaires; 

(ii) evidence submitted in support of 

allegations; (iii) publicly available 

information to value factors under 19 

CFR 351.408(c) or to measure the 

adequacy of remuneration under 19 CFR 

351.511(a)(2); (iv) evidence placed on 

the record by Commerce; and (v) 

evidence other than factual information 

described in (i)–(iv). Section 351.301(b) 

of Commerce’s regulations requires any 

party, when submitting factual 

information, to specify under which 

subsection of 19 CFR 351.102(b)(21) the 

information is being submitted 58 and, if 

the information is submitted to rebut, 

clarify, or correct factual information 

already on the record, to provide an 

explanation identifying the information 

already on the record that the factual 

information seeks to rebut, clarify, or 

correct.59 Time limits for the 

submission of factual information are 

addressed in 19 CFR 351.301, which 

provides specific time limits based on 

the type of factual information being 

submitted. Interested parties should 

review the regulations prior to 

submitting factual information in these 

investigations. 

Particular Market Situation Allegation 

Section 773(e) of the Act addresses 

the concept of particular market 

situation (PMS) for purposes of CV, 

stating that ‘‘if a particular market 

situation exists such that the cost of 

materials and fabrication or other 

processing of any kind does not 

accurately reflect the cost of production 

in the ordinary course of trade, the 

administering authority may use 

another calculation methodology under 

this subtitle or any other calculation 

methodology.’’ When an interested 

party submits a PMS allegation pursuant 

to section 773(e) of the Act, Commerce 

will respond to such a submission 

consistent with 19 CFR 351.301(c)(2)(v). 

If Commerce finds that a PMS exists 

under section 773(e) of the Act, then it 

will modify its dumping calculations 

appropriately. 

Neither section 773(e) of the Act, nor 

19 CFR 351.301(c)(2)(v), set a deadline 

for the submission of PMS allegations 

and supporting factual information. 

However, in order to administer section 

773(e) of the Act, Commerce must 

receive PMS allegations and supporting 

factual information with enough time to 

consider the submission. Thus, should 

an interested party wish to submit a 

PMS allegation and supporting new 

factual information pursuant to section 

773(e) of the Act, it must do so no later 

than 20 days after submission of a 

respondent’s initial section D 

questionnaire response. 

Extensions of Time Limits 

Parties may request an extension of 

time limits before the expiration of a 

time limit established under 19 CFR 

351.301, or as otherwise specified by 

Commerce. In general, an extension 

request will be considered untimely if it 

is filed after the expiration of the time 

limit established under 19 CFR 351.301, 

or as otherwise specified by 

Commerce.60 For submissions that are 

due from multiple parties 

simultaneously, an extension request 

will be considered untimely if it is filed 

after 10:00 a.m. ET on the due date. 

Under certain circumstances, Commerce 

may elect to specify a different time 

limit by which extension requests will 

be considered untimely for submissions 

which are due from multiple parties 

simultaneously. In such a case, we will 

inform parties in a letter or 

memorandum of the deadline (including 

a specified time) by which extension 

requests must be filed to be considered 

timely. An extension request must be 

made in a separate, standalone 

submission; under limited 


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14052 Federal Register / Vol. 89, No. 38 / Monday, February 26, 2024 / Notices 

61See 19 CFR 351.302; see also, e.g., Time Limits 

Final Rule. 

62See section 782(b) of the Act. 

63See Certification of Factual Information to 

Import Administration During Antidumping and 

Countervailing Duty Proceedings, 78 FR 42678 (July 

17, 2013) (Final Rule). Additional information 

regarding the Final Rule is available at https://

access.trade.gov/Resources/filing/index.html. 

64See Administrative Protective Order, Service, 

and Other Procedures in Antidumping and 

Countervailing Duty Proceedings, 88 FR 67069 

(September 29, 2023). 

circumstances we will grant untimely 

filed requests for the extension of time 

limits, where we determine, based on 19 

CFR 351.302, that extraordinary 

circumstances exist. Parties should 

review Commerce’s regulations 

concerning the extension of time limits 

and the Time Limits Final Rule prior to 

submitting factual information in these 

investigations.61

Certification Requirements 

Any party submitting factual 

information in an AD or CVD 

proceeding must certify to the accuracy 

and completeness of that information.62

Parties must use the certification 

formats provided in 19 CFR 

351.303(g).63 Commerce intends to 

reject factual submissions if the 

submitting party does not comply with 

the applicable certification 

requirements. 

Notification to Interested Parties 

Interested parties must submit 

applications for disclosure under APO 

in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305. 

Parties wishing to participate in these 

investigations should ensure that they 

meet the requirements of 19 CFR 

351.103(d) (e.g., by filing the required 

letter of appearance). Note that 

Commerce has modified certain of its 

requirements for serving documents 

containing business proprietary 

information and has made additional 

clarifications and corrections to its AD/ 

CVD regulations.64

This notice is issued and published 

pursuant to sections 732(c)(2) and 777(i) 

of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.203(c). 

Dated: February 14, 2024. 

Ryan Majerus, 

Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and 

Negotiations, performing the non-exclusive 

functions and duties of the Assistant 

Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance. 

Appendix 

Scope of the Investigations 

The merchandise subject to these 

investigations is certain paper plates. Paper 

plates subject to these investigations may be 

cut from rolls, sheets, or other pieces of paper 

and/or paper board. Paper plates subject to 

these investigations have a depth up to and 

including two (2.0) inches, as measured 

vertically from the base to the top of the lip, 

or the edge if the plate has no lip. Paper 

plates subject to these investigations may be 

uncolored, white, colored, or printed. Printed 

paper plates subject to these investigations 

may have any type of surface finish, and may 

be printed by any means with images, text 

and/or colors on one or both surfaces. 

Colored paper plates subject to this 

investigation may be colored by any method, 

including but not limited to printing, beaterdyeing, and dip-dyeing. Paper plates subject 

to these investigations may be produced from 

paper of any type (including, but not limited 

to, bamboo, straws, bagasse, hemp, kenaf, 

jute, sisal, abaca, cotton inters and reeds, or 

from non-plant sources, such as synthetic 

resin (petroleum)-based resins), may have 

any caliper or basis weight, may have any 

shape or size, may have one or more than one 

section, may be embossed, may have foil or 

other substances adhered to their surface, 

and/or may be uncoated or coated with any 

type of coating. 

The paper plates subject to these 

investigations remain covered by the scope of 

these investigations whether imported alone, 

or in any combination of subject and nonsubject merchandise. When paper plates 

subject to these investigations are imported 

in combination with non-subject 

merchandise, only the paper plates subject to 

these investigations are subject merchandise. 

The paper plates subject to these 

investigations include paper plates matching 

the above description that have been 

finished, packaged, or otherwise processed in 

a third country by performing finishing, 

packaging, or processing that would not 

otherwise remove the merchandise from the 

scope of the investigations if performed in 

the country of manufacture of the paper 

plates. Examples of finishing, packaging, or 

other processing in a third country that 

would not otherwise remove the 

merchandise from the scope of the 

investigations if performed in the country of 

manufacture of the paper plates include, but 

are not limited to, printing, application of 

other surface treatments such as coatings, 

repackaging, embossing, and application of 

foil surface treatments. 

Excluded from the scope of these 

investigations are paper plates molded or 

pressed directly from paper pulp (including 

but not limited to unfelted pulp), which are 

currently classifiable under subheading 

4823.70.0020 of the Harmonized Tariff 

Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). 

Also excluded from the scope of these 

investigations are articles that otherwise 

would be covered but which exhibit the 

following two physical characteristics: (a) 

depth (measured vertically from the base to 

the top of the lip, or edge if no lip) equal to 

or greater than 1.25 inches but less than two 

(2.0) inches, and (b) a base not exceeding five 

(5.0) inches in diameter if round, or not 

exceeding 20 square inches in area if any 

other shape. 

Also excluded from the scope of these 

investigations are paper bowls, paper 

buckets, and paper food containers with 

closeable lids. 

Paper plates subject to these investigations 

are currently classifiable under HTSUS 

subheading 4823.69.0040. Paper plates 

subject to these investigations also may be 

classified under HTSUS subheading 

4823.61.0040. If packaged with other articles, 

the paper plates subject to these 

investigations also may be classified under 

HTSUS subheadings 9505.90.4000 and 

9505.90.6000. While the HTSUS 

subheading(s) are provided for convenience 

and customs purposes, the written 

description of the subject merchandise is 

dispositive. 

[FR Doc. 2024–03863 Filed 2–23–24; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 3510–DS–P 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

International Trade Administration 

[A–489–501, C–489–502, A–489–822, C–489– 

823, A–489–816, C–489–817, A–489–833, C– 

489–834] 

Circular Welded Carbon Steel Standard 

Pipe and Tube Products From the 

Republic of Turkey; Welded Line Pipe 

From the Republic of Turkey; Certain 

Oil Tubular Goods From the Republic 

of Turkey; and Large Diameter Welded 

Pipe From the Republic of Turkey: 

Notice of Initiation of Antidumping 

Duty and Countervailing Duty Changed 

Circumstances Reviews 

AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, 

International Trade Administration, 

Department of Commerce. 

SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of 

Commerce (Commerce) is initiating 

changed circumstances reviews (CCRs) 

to determine if Borusan Birles ̧ik Boru 

Fabrikalari Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. 

(Borusan Boru) is the successor-ininterest to Borusan Mannesmann Boru 

Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. (BMB) in the 

context of the antidumping duty (AD) 

and countervailing duty (CVD) orders 

on circular welded carbon steel 

standard pipe and tube products 

(standard pipe), welded line pipe 

(WLP), certain oil tubular goods 

(OCTG), and large diameter welded pipe 

(LDWP) from the Republic of Turkey 

(Turkey). 

DATES: Applicable February 26, 2024. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Herawe Kebede, AD/CVD Operations, 

Office IX, Enforcement and Compliance, 

International Trade Administration, 

U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 

Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 

DC 20230; telephone: (202) 482–4312. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background 

On May 15, 1986, March 7, 1986, 

December 1, 2015, September 10, 2014, 

and May 2, 2019, respectively, 

Commerce published in the Federal 


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