[Federal Register Volume 89, Number 32 (Thursday, February 15, 2024)]
[Notices]
[Pages 11920-11923]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2024-03105]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration


Petition for Exemption From the Federal Motor Vehicle Theft 
Prevention Standard; Mazda Motor Corporation

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 
Department of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Grant of petition for exemption.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This document grants in full the Mazda Motor Corporation 
(Mazda) petition for exemption from the Federal Motor Vehicle Theft 
Prevention Standard (theft prevention standard) for its CX-90 vehicle 
line beginning in model year (MY) 2025. The petition is granted because 
the agency has determined that the antitheft device to be placed on the 
line as standard equipment is likely to be as effective in reducing and 
deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking 
requirements of the theft prevention standard.

DATES: The exemption granted by this notice is effective beginning with 
the 2025 model year.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Carlita Ballard, Office of 
International Policy, Fuel Economy, and Consumer Programs, NHTSA, West 
Building, W43-439, NRM-310, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 
20590. Ms.

[[Page 11921]]

Ballard's phone number is (202) 366-5222. Her fax number is (202) 493-
2990.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under 49 U.S.C. chapter 331, the Secretary 
of Transportation (and the National Highway Traffic Safety 
Administration (NHTSA) by delegation) is required to promulgate a theft 
prevention standard to provide for the identification of certain motor 
vehicles and their major replacement parts to impede motor vehicle 
theft. NHTSA promulgated regulations at 49 CFR part 541 (theft 
prevention standard) to require parts-marking for specified passenger 
motor vehicles and light trucks. Pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 33106, 
manufacturers that are subject to the parts-marking requirements may 
petition NHTSA, by delegation, for an exemption for a line of passenger 
motor vehicles equipped with an antitheft device as standard equipment 
that NHTSA decides is likely to be as effective in reducing and 
deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the parts-marking 
requirements. In accordance with this statute, NHTSA promulgated 49 CFR 
part 543, which establishes the process through which manufacturers may 
seek an exemption from the theft prevention standard.
    49 CFR 543.5 provides general submission requirements for petitions 
and states that each manufacturer may petition NHTSA for an exemption 
of one vehicle line per model year. Among other requirements, 
manufacturers must identify whether the exemption is sought under 
section 543.6 or section 543.7. Under section 543.6, a manufacturer may 
request an exemption by providing specific information about the 
antitheft device, its capabilities, and the reasons the petitioner 
believes the device to be as effective at reducing and deterring theft 
as compliance with the parts-marking requirements. Section 543.7 
permits a manufacturer to request an exemption under a more streamlined 
process if the vehicle line is equipped with an antitheft device (an 
``immobilizer'') as standard equipment that complies with one of the 
standards specified in that section.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 49 CFR 543.7 specifies that the manufacturer must include a 
statement that their entire vehicle line is equipped with an 
immobilizer that meets one of the following standards:
    (1) The performance criteria (subsections 8 through 21) of 
C.R.C, c. 1038.114, Theft Protection and Rollaway Prevention (in 
effect March 30, 2011), as excerpted in appendix A of [part 543];
    (2) National Standard of Canada CAN/ULC-S338-98, Automobile 
Theft Deterrent Equipment and Systems: Electronic Immobilization 
(May 1998);
    (3) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) 
Regulation No. 97 (ECE R97), Uniform Provisions Concerning Approval 
of Vehicle Alarm System (VAS) and Motor Vehicles with Regard to 
Their Alarm System (AS) in effect August 8, 2007; or
    (4) UN/ECE Regulation No. 116 (ECE R116), Uniform Technical 
Prescriptions Concerning the Protection of Motor Vehicles Against 
Unauthorized Use in effect on February 10, 2009.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Section 543.8 establishes requirements for processing petitions for 
exemption from the theft prevention standard. As stated in section 
543.8(a), NHTSA processes any complete exemption petition. If NHTSA 
receives an incomplete petition, NHTSA will notify the petitioner of 
the deficiencies. Once NHTSA receives a complete petition the agency 
will process it and, in accordance with section 543.8(b), will grant 
the petition if it determines that, based upon substantial evidence, 
the standard equipment antitheft device is likely to be as effective in 
reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the 
parts-marking requirements of part 541.
    Section 543.8(c) requires NHTSA to issue its decision either to 
grant or to deny an exemption petition not later than 120 days after 
the date on which a complete petition is filed. If NHTSA does not make 
a decision within the 120-day period, the petition shall be deemed to 
be approved and the manufacturer shall be exempt from the standard for 
the line covered by the petition for the subsequent model year.\2\ 
Exemptions granted under part 543 apply only to the vehicle line or 
lines that are subject to the grant and that are equipped with the 
antitheft device on which the line's exemption was based, and are 
effective for the model year beginning after the model year in which 
NHTSA issues the notice of exemption, unless the notice of exemption 
specifies a later year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ 49 U.S.C. 33106(d).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Sections 543.8(f) and (g) apply to the manner in which NHTSA's 
decisions on petitions are to be made known. Under section 543.8(f), if 
the petition is sought under section 543.6, NHTSA publishes a notice of 
its decision to grant or deny the exemption petition in the Federal 
Register and notifies the petitioner in writing. Under section 
543.8(g), if the petition is sought under section 543.7, NHTSA notifies 
the petitioner in writing of the agency's decision to grant or deny the 
exemption petition.
    This grant of petition for exemption considers Mazda Motor 
Corporation's (Mazda) petition for its CX-90 vehicle line beginning in 
MY 2025.

I. Specific Petition Content Requirements Under 49 CFR 543.6

    Pursuant to 49 CFR part 543, Exemption from Vehicle Theft 
Prevention, Mazda petitioned for an exemption for its specified vehicle 
line from the parts-marking requirements of the theft prevention 
standard, beginning in MY 2025. Mazda petitioned under 49 CFR 543.6, 
Petition: Specific content requirements, which, as described above, 
requires manufacturers to provide specific information about the 
antitheft device installed as standard equipment on all vehicles in the 
line for which an exemption is sought, the antitheft device's 
capabilities, and the reasons the petitioner believes the device to be 
as effective at reducing and deterring theft as compliance with the 
parts-marking requirements.
    More specifically, section 543.6(a)(1) requires petitions to 
include a statement that an antitheft device will be installed as 
standard equipment on all vehicles in the line for which the exemption 
is sought. Under section 543.6(a)(2), each petition must list each 
component in the antitheft system, and include a diagram showing the 
location of each of those components within the vehicle. As required by 
section 543.6(a)(3), each petition must include an explanation of the 
means and process by which the device is activated and functions, 
including any aspect of the device designed to: (1) facilitate or 
encourage its activation by motorists; (2) attract attention to the 
efforts of an unauthorized person to enter or move a vehicle by means 
other than a key; (3) prevent defeating or circumventing the device by 
an unauthorized person attempting to enter a vehicle by means other 
than a key; (4) prevent the operation of a vehicle which an 
unauthorized person has entered using means other than a key; and (5) 
ensure the reliability and durability of the device.\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ 49 CFR 543.6(a)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition to providing information about the antitheft device and 
its functionality, petitioners must also submit the reasons for their 
belief that the antitheft device will be effective in reducing and 
deterring motor vehicle theft, including any theft data and other data 
that are available to the petitioner and form a basis for that 
belief,\4\ and the reasons for their belief that the agency should 
determine that the antitheft device is likely to be as effective as 
compliance with the parts-marking requirements of part 541 in reducing 
and deterring motor vehicle theft. In support of this belief, the 
petitioners should include any statistical data that are available to 
the petitioner and form the basis for the petitioner's belief that a 
line of passenger motor vehicles equipped with the antitheft device is

[[Page 11922]]

likely to have a theft rate equal to or less than that of passenger 
motor vehicles of the same, or a similar, line which have parts marked 
in compliance with part 541.\5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ 49 CFR 543.6(a)(4).
    \5\ 49 CFR 543.6(a)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The following sections describe Mazda's petition information 
provided pursuant to 49 CFR part 543, Exemption from Vehicle Theft 
Prevention.

II. Mazda's Petition for Exemption

    In a petition dated April 21, 2023, Mazda requested an exemption 
from the parts-marking requirements of the theft prevention standard 
for its CX-90 vehicle line beginning with MY 2025.
    In its petition, Mazda provided a detailed description and diagram 
of the identity, design, and location of the components of the 
antitheft device for the CX-90 vehicle line. Mazda stated that its MY 
2025 CX-90 vehicle line will be installed with a passive, transponder 
based, electronic engine immobilizer antitheft device as standard 
equipment. Key components of its antitheft device will include a 
powertrain control module (PCM), immobilizer control module, security 
indicator light, coil antenna, transmitter with transponder key 
(transponder key), low frequency (LF) antenna, radio frequency (RF) 
receiver and a low frequency unit (LFU). The device will not provide 
any visible or audible indication of unauthorized vehicle entry (i.e., 
flashing lights or horn alarm) as standard equipment; however, Mazda 
stated that its device will incorporate a security indicator light 
which will provide a visual confirmation on the protection status of 
the antitheft device.
    Pursuant to section 543.6(a)(3), Mazda explained that there are two 
methods of initiating the antitheft device operation process. 
Specifically, Mazda stated that the immobilizer system monitors two 
codes: (1) the transponder code, which the immobilizer control module 
checks with the transponder located in the transmitter; and (2) the 
immobilizer code, which the immobilizer control module checks with the 
powertrain's electronic control module. Mazda also stated that there 
are two means of checking the transponder code: (1) when the 
immobilizer control module communicates with the transmitter which 
includes a transponder by LF antenna and receives a reply of 
transmitter in the RF receiver; and (2) when the immobilizer control 
module communicates with the transponder by coil antenna which is 
located in the push button start. If the transponder code matches with 
the immobilizer control module by either method mentioned above, and 
the ignition is turned to the ON position, the immobilizer control 
module checks the powertrain's electronic control module with 
immobilizer code. Mazda further stated that the vehicle's engine can 
only be started if the immobilizer code matches the code previously 
programmed into the immobilizer control module. If the immobilizer code 
does not match, the engine will be disabled. Communications between the 
immobilizer system control function and the powertrain's electronic 
control module are encrypted. Mazda also stated that there are more 
than 15 x 10\6\ different transponder codes, and each transponder is 
hard coded with a unique code at the time of manufacture.
    As required in section 543.6(a)(3)(v), Mazda provided information 
on the reliability and durability of its proposed device. To ensure 
reliability and durability of the device, Mazda conducted tests based 
on its own specified standards. Mazda provided a detailed list of the 
tests conducted (i.e., low/high temperature exposure operation, high 
temperature endurance, thermal cycling, thermal shock resistance, 
thermal shock endurance, humidity temperature cycling, high temperature 
and humidity endurance, water, dust, vibration, connector and lead/lock 
strength, chemical resistance, electromagnetic field, power line 
variations, DC stresses, electrostatic discharge and push button start 
strength) and stated that it believes the device is reliable and 
durable since it complied with its own specified requirements for each 
test. Additionally, Mazda stated that its device is extremely reliable 
and durable because it is computer-based and does not rely on any 
mechanical or moving parts. Mazda further stated that any attempt to 
slam-pull its vehicle's ignition will have no effect on a thief's 
ability to start the vehicle without the correct code being transmitted 
to the electronic control modules.
    Mazda provided data from the Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI), 
National Crime Information Center (NCIC), and Insurance Institute for 
Highway Safety (IIHS) on the effectiveness of other similar antitheft 
devices installed on vehicle lines in support of its belief that its 
device will be at least as effective as those comparable devices. 
Specifically, Mazda stated that its device was installed on certain MY 
1996 Ford vehicles as standard equipment, (i.e., all Ford Mustang GT 
and Cobra models, Ford Taurus LX, and SHO models and Ford Sable LS 
models). In MY 1997, Mazda installed its immobilizer device on the 
entire Ford Mustang vehicle line as standard equipment. When comparing 
1995 model year Mustang vehicle thefts (without immobilizers) with MY 
1997 Mustang vehicle thefts (with immobilizers), Mazda referenced the 
National Crime Information Center's (NCIC) theft information which 
showed that there was a 70% reduction in theft experienced when 
comparing MY 1997 Mustang vehicle thefts (with immobilizers) to MY 1995 
Mustang vehicle thefts (without immobilizers). Mazda recognized that 
NHTSA requested data for vehicle sets that are as similar as possible 
to the vehicle for which the petition is written; \6\ however, Mazda 
stated that there is no comparable data for Mazda's SUV before and 
after the implementation of an immobilizer system, because all of 
Mazda's similar vehicles have been equipped with a standard immobilizer 
from the onset of manufacture. In light of these considerations, Mazda 
stated that the NCIC and HLDI data provided supported its belief that 
the immobilizer system described in its petition will prove to be as, 
if not more effective, than the parts marking requirements of part 541 
in reducing vehicle theft.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ See 85 FR 55368 (Sep. 8, 2020).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Decision To Grant the Petition

    Pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 33106 and 49 CFR 543.8(b), the agency grants 
a petition for exemption from the parts-marking requirements of part 
541, either in whole or in part, if it determines that, based upon 
substantial evidence, the standard equipment antitheft device is likely 
to be as effective in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as 
compliance with the parts-marking requirements of part 541.
    NHTSA finds that Mazda has provided adequate reasons for its belief 
that the antitheft device for its vehicle line is likely to be as 
effective in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance 
with the parts-marking requirements of the theft prevention standard. 
This conclusion is based on the information Mazda provided about its 
antitheft device. NHTSA believes, based on Mazda's supporting evidence, 
that the antitheft device described for its vehicle line is likely to 
be as effective in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as 
compliance with the parts-marking requirements of the theft prevention 
standard.
    The agency concludes that Mazda's antitheft device will provide 
four of the five types of performance features listed in section 
543.6(a)(3): promoting activation; preventing defeat or

[[Page 11923]]

circumvention of the device by unauthorized persons; preventing 
operation of the vehicle by unauthorized entrants; and ensuring the 
reliability and durability of the device.
    The agency notes that 49 CFR part 541, appendix A-1, identifies 
those lines that are exempted from the theft prevention standard for a 
given model year. 49 CFR 543.8(f) contains publication requirements 
incident to the disposition of all part 543 petitions. Advanced 
listing, including the release of future product nameplates, the 
beginning model year for which the petition is granted and a general 
description of the antitheft device is necessary in order to notify law 
enforcement agencies of new vehicle lines exempted from the parts-
marking requirements of the theft prevention standard.
    If Mazda decides not to use the exemption for its requested vehicle 
line, the manufacturer must formally notify the agency. If such a 
decision is made, the line must be fully marked as required by 49 CFR 
541.5 and 541.6 (marking of major component parts and replacement 
parts).
    NHTSA notes that if a manufacturer to which an exemption has been 
granted wishes in the future to modify the device on which the 
exemption is based, the company may have to submit a petition to modify 
the exemption. Section 543.8(d) states that a part 543 exemption 
applies only to vehicles that belong to a line exempted under this part 
and equipped with the antitheft device on which the line's exemption is 
based. Further, section 543.10(c)(2) provides for the submission of 
petitions ``to modify an exemption to permit the use of an antitheft 
device similar to but differing from the one specified in the 
exemption.'' \7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ The agency wishes to minimize the administrative burden that 
section 543.10(c)(2) could place on exempted vehicle manufacturers 
and itself. The agency did not intend in drafting part 543 to 
require the submission of a modification petition for every change 
to the components or design of an antitheft device. The significance 
of many such changes could be de minimis. Therefore, NHTSA suggests 
that if a manufacturer with an exemption contemplates making any 
changes, the effects of which might be characterized as de minimis, 
it should consult the agency before preparing and submitting a 
petition to modify.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For the foregoing reasons, the agency hereby announces a grant in 
full of Mazda's petition for exemption for the CX-90 vehicle line from 
the parts-marking requirements of 49 CFR part 541, beginning with its 
MY 2025 vehicles.

    Issued under authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.95, 501.5 and 
501.8.
Raymond R. Posten,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. 2024-03105 Filed 2-14-24; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P