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Proposed Regulation Order 

Note: This document is printed in a style to indicate changes from the existing 

provisions. All existing language is indicated by plain type. All additions to 

language are indicated by underlined text. All deletions to language are 

indicated by strikeout. Only those sections with proposed changes are included. 

Amend Article 4.5, Chapter 9, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, to 

read as follows: 

Chapter 9. Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices 

Article 4.5. Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition Engines

§ 2433. Emission Standards and Test Procedures - Off-Road Large Spark-Ignition 

Engines. 

(a) [No Change] 

(b) Standards. 

 (1) (A) Exhaust Emission Standards. Exhaust emissions from off-road large 

spark-ignition engines manufactured for sale, sold, or offered for sale in California, or 

that are introduced, delivered or imported into California for introduction into commerce, 

must not exceed: 

Exhaust Emission Standards 

(grams per brake horsepower-hour) 

[grams per kilowatt-hour](1)

Model Year 

Engine 

Displacement 

Durability 

Period 

Hydrocarbon 

plus Oxides of 

Nitrogen HC + 

NOx

Carbon 

Monoxide 

2002 and 

subsequent

-2010

≤ 1.0 liter 1,000 hours 

or 2 years 

9.0 

[12.0] 

410 

[549] 

2011 and 

subsequent ≤ 825 cc 1,000 hours or 2 years

6.0

[8.0]

410

[549]

2011 - 2014 > 825 cc - ≤ 1.0 liter 1,000 hours 

or 2 years

4.8

[6.5]

280

[375]

2015 and 

subsequent > 825 cc - ≤ 1.0 liter 1,000 hours or 2 years

0.6

[0.8]

15.4

[20.6]

2001 - 2003(2),(3) > 1.0 liter N/A 3.0 

[4.0] 

37.0 

[49.6] 

2004 - 2006(4) > 1.0 liter 3500 hours or 

5 years 

3.0 

[4.0] 

37.0 

[49.6] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours or 

7 years 

2.0 

[2.7] 

3.3 

[4.4] 

2010 and 

subsequent(5),(6) > 1.0 liter 5000 hours or 7 years 

0.6 

[0.8] 

15.4 

[20.6] 
2

Note: (1) For 2006 and previous model years, standards in grams per kilowatt-hour are given only as 

a reference. For 2007 and subsequent model years, pollutant emissions reported to ARB 

by manufacturers must be in grams per kilowatt-hour. 

 (2) Small volume manufacturers are not required to comply with these emission standards. 

 (3) Manufacturers must show that at least 25 percent of its California engine sales comply with 

the standards in 2001, 50 percent in 2002, and 75 percent in 2003. 

 (4) The standards for in-use compliance for engine families certified to the standards in the row 

noted are 4.0 g/bhp-hr (5.4 g/kW-hr) hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen and 50.0 g/bhp-hr 

(67.0 g/kW-hr) carbon monoxide, with a useful life of 5000 hours or 7 years. In-use 

averaging, banking, and trading credits may be generated for engines tested in compliance 

with these in-use compliance standards. If the in-use compliance level is above 3.0 but 

does not exceed 4.0 g/bhp-hr hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen or is above 37.0 but 

does not exceed 50.0 g/bhp-hr carbon monoxide, and based on a review of information 

derived from a statistically valid and representative sample of engines, the Executive 

Officer determines that a substantial percentage of any class or category of such engines 

exhibits within the warranty periods noted in Section 2435, an identifiable, systematic 

defect in a component listed in that section, which causes a significant increase in 

emissions above those exhibited by engines free of such defects and of the same class or 

category and having the same period of use and hours, then the Executive Officer may 

invoke the enforcement authority under Section 2439, Title 13, California Code of 

regulations to require remedial action by the engine manufacturer. Such remedial action is 

limited to owner notification and repair or replacement of defective components, without 

regard to the requirements set forth in Section 2439(b)(5) or Section 2439(c)(5)(B)(vi). As 

used in the section, the term “defect” does not include failures that are the result of abuse, 

neglect, or improper maintenance. 

 (5) For severe-duty engines, the HC+NOx standard is 2.7 g/kW-hr and the CO standard is 

130.0 g/kW-hr. 

 (6) Small volume manufacturers are required to comply with these emission standards in 2013. 

 (B) [No Change] 

 (C) [No Change] 

 (2) (A) Optional Exhaust Emission Standards. Manufacturers may certify off-road 

large spark-ignitionLSI engines manufactured for sale, sold, or offered for sale in 

California, or that are introduced, delivered or imported into California for introduction 

into commerce to the following optional low emission standards. 

Optional Exhaust Emission Standards 

(grams per brake horsepower-hour) 

[grams per kilowatt-hour](1)

Model Year Engine 

Displacement 

Durability 

Period HC+NOx Carbon 

Monoxide 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

1.5 

[2.0] 

4.8 

[6.4] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

1.0 

[1.3] 

8.3 

[11.1] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

0.6 

[0.8] 

15.4 

[20.6] 
3

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

0.4 

[0.5] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

0.2 

[0.3] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

2007 - 2009 > 1.0 liter 5000 hours 

or 7 years 

0.1 

[0.1] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

2010 and 

subsequent > 1.0 liter 5000 hours or 7 years 

0.4 

[0.5] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

2010 and 

subsequent > 1.0 liter 5000 hours or 7 years 

0.2 

[0.3] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

2010 and 

subsequent > 1.0 liter 5000 hours or 7 years 

0.1 

[0.1] 

15.4 

[20.6] 

Note: (1) Pollutant emissions reported to ARB by manufacturers must be in grams per kilowatt-hour. 

 (B) Field Testing Standards. The field testing standards for optional emission

standard off-road large spark-ignitionLSI engines shall be 140 percent of the 

corresponding OLESoptional HC+NOx standard and 150 percent of the corresponding 

OLESoptional CO standard, rounded to the nearest tenth of one gram, using the field 

testing procedures described in subpart F, Title 40 CFR Section 1048.101(c), as 

adopted July 13, 2005. 

 (3) Crankcase Emissions. No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the

ambient atmosphere from any new 2001 or later model year off-road LSI engines. 

 (4) Evaporative Emission Standards.

(A) Starting in the 2007 model year, LSI engines over one liter that run on a 

volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline), must meet the following evaporative emissions 

standards and requirements: 

 1.(A) Evaporative hydrocarbon emissions may not exceed 0.2 grams per 

gallon of fuel tank capacity when measured with the test procedures for evaporative 

emissions as described in subpart F, Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 

Sec.1048, as adopted July 13, 2005. 

 2.(B) For nonmetallic fuel lines, you must specify and use products that 

meet the Category 1 specifications in SAE J2260 (issued November 1996). 

 3.(C) Liquid fuel in the fuel tank may not reach boiling during continuous 

engine operation in the final installation at an ambient temperature of 30o C. Note that 

gasoline with a Reid vapor pressure of 62 kPa (9 psi) begins to boil at about 53o C. 

 4.(D) Design-based certification as described in subpart F, Title 40 CFR 

Sections 1048.105 and 1048.245, as adopted July 13, 2005, may be used instead of 

generating new emission data. 

 (B) Starting with the 2011 model year, LSI engines with an engine 

displacement less than or equal to 1.0 liter that run on a volatile liquid fuel (such as 

gasoline), must meet the evaporative emission requirements for small off-road engines, 

which are specified in Title 13, Chapter 15, Article 1, except that the small volume tank 
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exemption set out in Title 13 section 2766 is not available for such LSI engines and/or 

equipment manufacturers that use such LSI engines. 

 (5) Recreational Vehicle Engines. Except as noted below, starting with the 2011 

MY, LSI engines with an engine displacement less than or equal to 1.0 liter used in offhighway motor vehicles that, with the exception of payload capacity, meet the “Off-Road 

Sport Vehicle” or “Off-Road Utility Vehicle” definitions in Title 13, Section 2411, must 

meet the exhaust emission standards in Section 2411 (b)(1)(A). LSI engines with an 

engine displacement greater than 825 cc but less than or equal to 1.0 liter need not 

meet the 2015 and subsequent exhaust emission standards in Section 2411 (b)(1)(A). 

These engines are subject to the test procedures and certification procedures for offhighway recreational vehicles and engines which are specified in Title 13, Chapter 9, 

Article 3.

(c) [No Change] 

(d) (1) The test procedures for determining certification and compliance with the 

standards for exhaust emissions from new off-road LSI engines with an engine 

displacement equal to or less than or equal to 1.0 liter sold in the state are set forth in 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1995-2004 Small OffRoad Engines,” as last amended July 26, 2004 or “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2005 and Later Small Off-Road Engines,” adopted 

July 26, 2004. 

(2) The test procedures for determining certification and compliance with the 

standards for evaporative emissions from new model year 2011 and subsequent LSI 

engines with an engine displacement less than or equal to 1.0 liter are set forth in “Test 

Procedure for Determining Permeation Emissions from Small Off-Road Engine 

Equipment Fuel Tanks (TP-901),” adopted July 26, 2004, “Test Procedure for 

Determining Diurnal Evaporative Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines (TP-902),” 

adopted July 26, 2004, “Certification and Approval Procedures for Small Off-Road 

Engine Fuel Tanks (CP-901)”, adopted July 26, 2004, and “Certification and Approval

Procedures for Evaporative Emission Control Systems (CP-902)”, adopted July 26, 

2004.

(e) [No Change] 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43102 and 

43104, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 43013, 43017, 43018, 43101, 

43102, 43104, 43105, 43150, 43151, 43152, 43153, 43154, 43205.5, 43210, 43210.5, 

43211 and 43212, Health and Safety Code.