FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC U IT OCTOB ER 2, 2007 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 11755 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C . Do c k e tNo . 0 4 - 0 0 2 3 3 - C R - T - 2 4 - E AJ U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s R O B E R T O S A L A S - A R G U E T A , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe M i ddl e D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( O c t ob e r 2, 2007) B efo re B IR C H , D U B IN A an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: A p p e lla n t R o b e rto S a la s - A r g u e ta( “S a la s - A r g u e ta ” ) ap p e a ls h is te n - m o n th2

s e n te n c e im p o s e d p u r s u a n t to 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 8 3 ( e ) f o rv io la tin g th e te rm s o f h is s u p e rv is e d r e le a s e . S a la s - A r g u e taa r g u e s th a t h is s e n te n c e w a s ( 1 ) p r o c e d u r a lly unr e a s onabl e be c aus e the di s tr i c tc ourti m pe rm i s s i bl y r e l i e d on i t s f i ndi ng tha the h ad recei v ed a “ b reak ” i n h i s sen t en ce o n th e u n d erl yi n g ch arg e, an d (2 ) o th erw i se s u b s ta n tiv e ly u n r e a s o n ab le . W e r e vi e w as e nt e nc e i m pos e d upon r e voc a t i on of s upe rvi s e d r e l e a s e f

or r e a s o n ab le n e s s in lig h t o f th e f a c to r s s e t f

o rth in 1 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) . U ni ted State s v . Sw e e t i ng , 43 7 F . 3d 11 05 , 11 07 (11th C i r. 20 06 ). W e r evi ew on l y the fi nal s e n te n c e , r a th e rth a n in d iv id u a l d e c is io n s m a d e d u r in g th e s e n te n c in g p r o c e s s . U ni te d State s v . W

i ni nge ar , 422 F . 3d 1241, 1245 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . “ R e vi e w f or re as on abl enes s i s def

er ent i al . ” U

ni ted Stat es v. T

al ley , 4 3 1 F .3 d 7 8 4 , 7 8 8 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2005) . H ow e ve r , as e nt e nc e m a y be pr oc e dur a l l y unr e a s onabl e , r e ga r dl e s s of l e ngth, i f the di s tr i c tc ourtc ons i de r e d a n i m pe rm i s s i bl e f a c t ori n de t e rm i ni ng the s e n te n c e . Un i te d

S ta te s v . Wi l l i a ms , 4 5 6 F .3 d 1 3 5 3 , 1 3 6 1 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 6 ) .

“ Wh e th e raf

a c t o ri s i m p e rm i s s i b l e i s aq u e s t i o n o f l a w th a twe wi l l r e v i e w de no vo . ” I d. T he party c ha l l e ngi ng the s e nt e nc e be a r s the bur de n of pr ovi ng tha tthe s e n te n c e is u n r e a s o n ab le o rth a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt c o n s id e r e d a n im p e rm is s ib le f a c to r . I d. W here a def

endantdo es no tcl earl y s t at e the grou nd s f or an obj ec t i on before3

th e d is tr ic t c o u rt, r e v ie w o n ap p e a l is lim ite d to ap la in e rr o rs tan d a r d . U ni ted State s v . Z i nn , 3 2 1 F . 3 d 1 0 8 4 , 1 0 8 7 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2 0 0 3 ) . Un d e rp l a i n e rr o rr e v i e w, we o n ly m ay re v er se if (1 ) th er e w as er ro r, (2 ) th at w as p lain , (3 ) a ff ec ted th e p ar ty’s subst ant i al ri gh t s, and (4) “ se ri ou sl y a ff ec t ed the fa i rnes s of the j ud i ci al proceedi ng s. ” U

ni te d State s v . J

e rni gan , 341 F . 3d 1273, 1289 ( 11th C i r . 2003) ( quot i ng U

ni te d State s v . G r e s ham , 3 2 5 F . 3 d 1 2 6 2 , 1 2 6 5 ( 1 1 th C i r . 2 0 0 3 ) ) . An error i s pl ai n “ i f i ti s obv i ou s or c l ear und ercurr entl aw . ” U ni ted Stat es v. C a n de la r io , 240 F . 3d 1300, 1309 ( 11th C i r . 2001) ( quot i ng U ni te d State s v . O lano , 50 7 U . S . 72 5, 73 4, 11 3 S . C t . 17 70 , 17 77 (199 3). U nde r18 U . S . C . § 3583( e ) , the di s tr i c tc ourtm a y r e voke at e rm of s upe rvi s e d r e l e a s e a nd i m pos e apr i s on s e nt e nc e f ora l l orpa rtof

the r e m a i ni ng s u p e rv is e d r e le a s e p e r io d . See 18 U . S . C . § 3 58 3(e) (3). A n adv i sorygu i del i nes rang e f or a t erm of i m pri sonm entt o b e i m po se d o n revocat i on of supervi se d r e le a s e is f

o u n d a t U .S .S .G . § 7 B 1 .4 . A s not e d above , as e nt e nc e m a y be pr oc e dur a l l y unr e a s onabl e , r e ga r dl e s s of l e ngth, i f the di s tr i c tc ourtc ons i de r e d a n i m pe rm i s s i bl e f a c t ori n de t e rm i ni ng the s e n te n c e . Wi l l i a ms , 456 F . 3d a t1361. S a l a s - A r gue t aha s notpr ovi de d, a nd r e s e a r c h ha s notr e ve a l e d, a ny c a s e l a w di s c us s i ng w he the radi s tr i c tc ourt ’ s pr i or l eni ency , or appl i ca t i on of a r ol e r educt i on , ar e perm i ss i bl e f ac t ors t o b e c on si dere dAlthough A pplication Note 4 to U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4 advises that an upwa rd depa rture ma y 1 be wa rra nted in a sentence f

or revocation of supervised re leasewhere the original sentencewas below the guidelines rang e bec ause of either a downward depar

ture or a charg e re duction, it does not addre ss the situation where, a s here , both the underly ing sentenceand the sentenceon revoc ation of super

vised rele ase a

re within their respective guidelines rang es.

4 a f te rr e v o k in g s up e rv is e d r e le a s e a n d in im p o s in g an e w s e n te n c e . H o w e v e r , in 1 the se nt enci ng cont ext , du e proces s prot ec t s adefe nd ant ’ s r i gh tno tt o b e s ent ence d b a s e d o n a n in v a lid p r e m is e o rin a c c u r a te in f o rm a tio n . U

n ite d S ta te s v . Sa tte r

fie ld , 74 3 F . 2d 82 7, 84 0 (11 th C i r. 19 84 ). “ T he degree of prot ec t i on re qu i re d i s onl y that w h ic h is n e c e s s a ry to e n s u r e th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt is s u f f ic ie n tly in f

o rm e d to enabl e i tt o exerci se i t s s ent enci ng di sc re t i on i n an enl i gh t ened m anner. ” I d. W h e r e ale g a l d e c is io n is m a d e a t th e tr ia l le v e l, a n d is n o t c h a lle n g e d o n ap p e a l, th e la w o f

th e c a s e d o c tr in e b in d s atr ia l o rap p e lla te c o u rt to f o llo w th a t d e c is io n . U ni te d State s v . Es c obar - U r r ego , 1 1 0 F .3 d 1 5 5 6 , 1 5 6 0 ( 1 1 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) . R e c e nt l ythe S upr e m e C ourthe l d tha t , i n r e vi e w i ng s e nt e nc e s f ors ubs t a nt i ve r e a s o n ab le n e s s u n d e r1 8 U .S .C . § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) , af e d e r a l ap p e lla te c o u rt m ay ap p l y a pr e s um pt i on of

r e a s onabl e ne s s t o adi s tr i c tc ourts e nt e nc e i m pos e d w i thi n the g u id e lin e r a n g e . R i ta v. U ni ted Stat es , 5 5 1 U .S . ___ , 1 2 7 S . C t. 2 4 5 6 , 2 4 6 3 ( 2 0 0 7 ) . A l tho ug h w e have decl i ned t o ado ptsuch a pre sum pt i on , w e have re cogn i ze d that the r a t i ona l e i n R ita “ c a l l s i nt o que s t i on ourr e a s ons f ornota f f or di ng a pres um pt i on of re as on abl enes s. ” Se e U n ite d S ta te s v . C a m

p b e ll , 491 F . 3d 1306,5

1314 n. 8 ( 11th C i r . 2007) . I n a ny e ve nt , aw i thi n- r a nge s e nt e nc e , e ve n i f not re as on abl e p er se , m a y o r d in a r ily b e e x p e c te d to b e r e a s o n ab le . T al ley , 43 1 F . 3d at 7 8 6 - 8 8 . A s e n te n c in g c o u rt is c h a r g e d w ith im p o s in g as e n te n c e th a t is “s u f f ic ie n t, bu tno tgrea t erthan n ec es sary ” t o ref l ec tthe se ri ou snes s of the offens e, af ford de t e rr e nc e , pr ot e c tthe publ i c f r om f ur the rc r i m e s of

the de f e nda nt , a nd pr ovi de the d e f e n d a n t w ith e d u c a tio n a l o rv o c a tio n a l tr a in in g , m e d ic a l c a r e o ro th e rtr e a tm e n t. 18 U . S . C . § 3 55 3(a) (2). F urtherm ore, un der § 35 53 (a ), a c ou rtshou l d con si der, in te ra lia , ( 1) the na tur e a nd c i r c um s t a nc e s of the of f e ns e a nd the hi s t ory a nd c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s of

the de f e nda nt , ( 2) the ne e d f

orthe s e nt e nc e i m pos e d t o r e f l e c tthe s e r i ous ne s s of

the of f e ns e , de t e rc r i m i na l c onduc t , a nd pr ot e c tthe publ i c f r om f urthe rc r i m e s of

the de f e nda nt , ( 3) the ki nds of

s e nt e nc e s a va i l abl e , a nd ( 4) the s e n te n c in g g u id e lin e s . 1 8 U .S .C § 3 5 5 3 ( a ) . T he di s tr i c tc ourtdoe s notne e d t o e xpl i c i t l y c ons i de re ve ry f a c t orf r om § 3553( a ) on the r e c or d; s om e i ndi c a t i on i n the r e c or d tha tthe c ourta de qua t e l y a nd pr ope r l y c ons i de r e d appr opr i a t e f a c t or s i n c onj unc t i on w i th the s e nt e nc e w i l l be s u f f ic ie n t. U n ite d S ta te s v . Sc o tt , 426 F . 3d 1324, 1329 ( 11th C i r . 2005) . “ T he se nt enci ng j ud ge shou l d setforth eno ug h t o sat i sf y the appel l at e c ou rtthathe has c o n s i d e r e d th e p a rt i e s ’ a r g u m e n t s a n d h a s ar e a s o n e d b a s i s f o re x e r c i s i n g h i s o wn6

l egal deci si on m aki ng autho ri ty. ” R ita , 5 5 1 U .S . a t _

__ , 1 2 7 S . C t. a t 2 4 6 8 . I n lig h t o f

th e la c ko f

p u b lis h e d c a s e la w r e g a r d in g w h e th e rit is p e rm is s ib le for ase nt enci ng courtt o con si der apri or rol e r educt i on or a pri or l ow -e nd se nt ence i n d e t e rm i n i n g a n ap p r o p r i a t e s e n t e n c e f o rr e v o c a t i o n o f

s u p e rv i s e d r e l e a s e , we c o n c lu d e th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d id n o t p la in ly e rrin ta k in g th e s e f a c to r s in to consi dera t i on i n fas hi on i ng S al as -A rguet a’ s s ent ence . T here fore , w e hol d that S al as -A rguet a’ s s ent ence w as procedural l y r ea sonabl e. S al as -A rguet a had r e p e a te d ly ille g a lly r e - e n te r e d th e U n ite d S ta te s a n d th e d is tr ic t c o u rt n e e d e d to i m p o se a sen t en ce th atw o u l d p ro v i d e ad eq u at e d et erren ce. F u rth erm o re, b ecau se th e s e n te n c e w a s w ith in th e g u id e lin e s r an g e , w e h o ld th a t it w a s a ls o s u b s ta n tiv e ly re as on abl e. F or the abov e- st at ed re as on s w e a ff i rm S al as -A rguet a’ s s ent ence . AF F I RME D.